RESOLUTIONS Trustees of Columbia College. 1820-1868 W^ V«6'>^CM-^AAJ'(M-^ ^\A*AiAAAXi\i.»\J»-'^. ^ RESOLUTIONS PASSED BY THE Trustees of Columbia College; BEIEF NOTICES OF THE ACTION OE THE BOARD UPON IMPORTANT SUBJECTS, 1820 TO 1868. NEW YORK : D. VAN NOSTRAND, No. 192 BROADWAY, 1868. L^aM/ 0. CONTENTS. Board of trustees 3 Standing committee 4 Committee on course of instruction i Committee on the school of mines 4 Committee on the school of law 5 Committee on the library 5 Committee on honors 5 Eesolution directing the preparation of this synopsis .^ 7 Academical dress . 9, 155 Appropriations, special 10 Appropriations, permanent 12 Attendance at prayers 14, 155 Botanical garden 14 Erection of college buildings 16 College building, site for 17 College buildings, use of 17 Catalogue 1'^ Chemistry, department of 19 Church site, lots reserved for 22 Cloak room • 23 Commencements and exhibitions 23 Diplomas 25 Elocution, Instruction in '. 26, 153 Examinations 28, 157 Fees 29 Financial poUcy, permanent 31 iv CONTENTS. PAGE Free tuition 36, 158 Gebhardfund 36 Grammar school 37 Greenwood cemetery - 41 Herbarium 4:2 Honors 44 Inquiry into the state of the college, committee on 44 Instruction, course of, and committee on the course 48 Inventory of movable property 66 Law school 66 Library 75 Medicine, school of 84 Merit roUs 87 Meteorological observations '. 87 Military education 88 Mines, school of 89 Minutes of the board 109 Modern languages 110 Natural history, lyceum of Ill Observatory, astronomical Ill President, of the 112 Prize scholarships and prizes 113, 158 Professoiships and professors 117 Heading-room 125 Kepairs 126, 162 Reviews of studies 126 Salaries 127 Seal 133, 162 Scholarships, free 134 Smithsonian institution, agreement with 136 Societies, college 137 Sports and games 138 Standing committee 138 Transfer of students from class to class 144 CONTENTS. PAGE Treasurer, of the lz|,4^ 166 Trustees 145, i66 Tutorships 151, University convocation 153 Visitation of the college 153 Weights, measures, and coins 154 SUPPLEMENTARY. Chair of governor Clinton 156 Prize fellowships and scholarships '. 158 Kemoval of the college 162 i COLUMBIA COLLEGE. ■«■*'•■*■»■ BOARD OF TRUSTEES. NAMES. EESIDENCES. HAMILTON FISH, LL. D., Chairman op the Board ... .251 East 17th Street. GAEDINEE SPEING, S. T. D., LL. D 6 West 37th SAMUEL B. EUGGLES, LL. D 24 Union Square. WILLLLM BETTS, LL. D., Clerk 122 East 30th Street. BENJAMIN L HAIGHT, S. T. D 56 West 26th " EDWAED JONES 75 Fifth Avenue. EOBEETEAY 363 West 28th Street. GOUVEENEUE M. OGDEN, Tkeasueee 84 West 11th HENEY J. ANDEESON, M. D., LL. D 53 West 36th EDWAED L. BEADLE, M. D Poughkeepsie. GEOEGE T. STEONG 113 East 21st Street. MANCIUS S. HUTTON, S. T. D 115 Ninth HOEATIO POTTEE, S. T. D., LL. D., D. C. L 38 East 22d MAETIN ZBOEOWSKI Morrisania. JOHN TOEEEY, M. D , LL. D Columbia College. LEWIS M. EUTHEEFUED 175 Second Avenue. THOMAS DE WITT, S. T. D 123 Ninth Street. JOHN JACOB ASTOE, Je 338 Fifth Avenue. JOHN C. JAY, M. D Eye. WILLIAM C. SCHEEMEEHOEN .' 49 West 23d Street. MOEGAN DIX, S. T. D 50 Varick FEEDEEICK A. P. BAENAED, S. T. D., LL. D Columbia College. SAMUEL BLATCHFOED, LL. D 12 West 22d Street. STEPHEN P. NASH 11 West 19th " COMMITTEES OF THE TRUSTEES. STANDING COMMITTEE. NAMES. • BESIDENCES. GOUVEENEUE M. OGDEN, Chairman 84 West 11th Street. WILLIAM BETTS, LL. D 122 East 30tli " ROBERT RAY 221 East 28tli " JOHN TORREY, M. D., LL. D Columbia College. EDWARD JONES. 75 Fifth Avenue. MARTIN ZBOROWSKI Morrisania. LEWIS M. RUTHERFURD.... 175 Second Avenue. COMMITTEE ON THE COURSE OF INSTRUCTION. NAMES. EESrOENCES. HORATIO POTTER, S. T. D., LL. D., D. C. L 33 West 24th Street. MORGAN DIX, S. T. D 50 Varick GEORGE T. STRONG 113 East 21st " LEWIS M. RUTHERFURD 175 Second Avenue. FREDERICK A. P. BARNARD, S. T. D., LL. D Columbia College. COMMITTEE ON THE SCHOOL OF MINES. NAMES. KESIDENCES. WILLIAM BETTS, LL. D. , Chairman 122 East 30th Street. EDWARD JONES '. 75 Fifth Avenue. GEORGE T. STRONG 113 East 21st Street. JOHN TORREY, M. D., LL. D Columbia CoUege. LEWIS M. RUTHERFURD 175 Second Avenue. FREDERICK A. P. BARNARD, S. T. D., LL. D Columbia College. HAMILTON FISH, LL. D 134 East 17th Street. COMMITTEES OF THE TRUSTEES. COMMITTEE ON THE SCHOOL OF LAW. NAMES. - RESIDENCES. SAMUEL B. EUGGLES, LL. D., Chairman 24 Union Square. HAMILTON FISH, LL. D 134 East 17th Street. GOUVEENEUK M. OGDEN, Esq 84 West llth " GEOEGE T. STEONG, Esq 113 East 21st " WILLIAM BETTS, LL. D .122 East 30th " THEODOEE W. DWIGHT, LL. D 37 Lafayette Place. STEPHEN P. NASH 11 West 19th Street. COMMITTEE ON THE LIBRARY. NAMES. RESIDENCES. HENEY J. ANDEESON, M. D., LL. D., Chairman 53 West 36th Street. GEOEGE T. STEONG 113 East 21st " WILLIAM C. SCHEEMEEHOEN 49 West 23d FEEDEEICK A. P. BAENAED, S. T. D., LL. D Columbia College. BEVEELEY E. BETTS, Clerk Maspeth, L. I. COMMITTEE ON HONORS. NAMES. RESIDENCES. WILLIAM BETTS, LL, D., Chairman 122 East 30th Street. HOEATIO POTTEE, S. T. D., LL. D., D. C. L 38 East 22d HENEY J. ANDEESON, M. D., LL. D 53 West 36th " GEOEGE T. STEONG 113 East 21st " FEEDEEICK A. P. BAENAED, S. T. D., LL. D Columbia College. R E S O I. U T I O N DIEECTING THE PREPARATION OF A SYNOPSIS OF THE RESOLUTIONS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OP COLUMBIA COLLEGE. Passed Noveniber 6, 1SG3. 1865. Nov. 6. Resolved, That the president be requested - to prepare a synopsis of the resolutions of the board, exhibiting a history of legislation on all important subjects, and preserving in full all resolutions still in force, to be printed for the use of the board. Resolved, That a selection from the resolutions of the board, of such as have a relation to the educational objects of the college and its several schools, be printed in connection with the statutes of the college. KESOLUTIONS OF THE TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA COLLEGE. ACADEMICAL DRESS. 1788, Aug. 25. A petition from several students of the college was read, setting fortli tlieir desire tliat an order should pass for tlieir wearing gowns ; thereupon — Besolved, That for the present, such of the students as choose to wear gowns, be, and they are hereby, permitted to wear them ; and that the board of president and pro- fessors ascertain the distinctions between the different classes until the corporation make further regulations on the subject. 1789, April 9. Resolved, That the board of president and professors be authorized to require of the students to wear gowns in such cases and under such penalties as they shall judge proper. 827, Jan. 15. A communication from the students on the subject of a regulation adopted by themselves respecting the wear- ing of caps, having been submitted by the president of the college, requesting the sanction of this board to the same ; on motion, resolved that the said communication be referred to the faculty of the college. 1852, Jan. 5. Resolved, That in the opinion of this board, the statutes require that the usual prayers should be said in the chapel daily, during the examinations as during the rest of the term, and that the professors should be present at all the examinations, and that long usage requires that the professors and students shall appear at the examin- ation in their gowns. 10 ACADEMICAL DRESS — APPEOPEIATIONS, SPECIAL. 1854, April 3. Tile Committee of honors made the following report, and its recommendation was adopted : The committee on honors, to whom was referred cer- tain commmiications from gentlemen abroad, on the sub- ject of badges of honorary distinctions conferred by the college : Eespectfully report. That they are not able to regard the adoption, by the board, of such badges as expedient ; it is without precedent in any of the numerous literary institutions of our republic, and would seem to conflict with the simplicity of our prevailing tastes and habits. Your committee, however, recommend that the board signify its assent to the public use, on the part of gentle- men residing within the British empire, on whom they may have conferred their higher honorary degTees, of the badges connected with corresponding degrees conferred by the university of Oxford, Provided that venerable institution shall in comity toward Columbia college, concede to them the privilege. Respectfully submitted on behalf of the committee. [Signed] John Knox. April 3, 1854. APPEOPEIATIONS, SPECIAL. 1856, July 7. A resolutiou of this date appropriated the sum of sev- enty-five dollars, to defray the expenses of a suitable person to be employed in visiting the Michigan univer- sity at Ann Arbor, Madison college at Hamilton, and Harvard university at Cambridge, for the purpose of inspecting the astronomical instruments recently pur- chased for those institutions. 1858, Fob. 1. An appropriation of one hundred dollars was made, to enable the professor of astronomy to purchase maps, charts, models, and printed forms ; and also for the repair of astronomical instruments. APPROPEIATIONS, SPECIAL. 11 1559, Nov. 7. Resolved, Tliat the sum of one thousand dollars be ap- propriated to the purchase of physical apparatus, to be expended in Europe under the direction of Prof. McCuUoh. 1560, May 7. Resolved, That the sum of two hundred and fifty dollars be appropriated in aid of the proposed expedition to Labrador, for observing the total solar eclipse to take place on the eighteenth , of July next, provided a suffi- cient sum be raised for that pui-pose, and in such case that the above amount be paid to Mr. Geo. W. Blunt. 1865, June 5. Besolved, That the sum of one thousand dollars be appropriated, to be expended under the direction of the president and professor Peck, for the purchase of the instruments for surveyiag, &c., recommended in the president's report. 1865, Dec. 18. Besolved, That the appropriation of one thousand dol- lars ia June last, for the benefit of the department of mathematics and astronomy, or so much of it as remains unexpended, be applied to the purchase of any apparatus which, in the opinion of the professor, approved by the president, may be most needed for use or illustration in any of the branches taught by the professor in that department. 1867, Oct. 7. Resolved, That an extraordinary appropriation be made of two thousand dollars in currency, to be placed in the hands of Dr. Barnard, for the purpose of making such purchases while in Europe for additions to the scientific apparatus and library of the college as he may deem beneficial ; and that the treasurer pay the amount on his draft or otherwise. Laid over under the ordinance of Nov. 26, 1866, and 1867, Nov. 4. called up and passed Nov. 4, 1867. 1868, April 6. A resolutiou appropriating five hundred dollars, to be applied in paying duties and charges upon the objects purchased under the foregoing resolution, was similarly 1868, May 4. laid over to May 4, and adopted. 12 APPEOPKIATIONS, PERMANENT. APPKOPRIATIONS, PERMANENT. 1866, Juue 12. Resolved, That until the further order of this board, the following sums be annually appropriated to the purposes named, viz. : For apparatus and other permanent aids to instruction in physics $600 00 For the same in mechanics, surveying, and astronomy 400 00 ~ to be expended under the direction of the professors giving instruction in those branches, with the approval of the president. For the department of botany, five hun- dred dollars, to be expended under the direction of Dr. Torrey. As to each of the foregoing appropriations, if unexpended in any year in whole or in part, the balance unexpended to remain to the credit of the department and added to the appropriation of the following year. For the classical, mathematical, and english depart- ments, three hundred dollars, to be expended under the direction of the professors in said departments, with the approval of the president. For supplies, thirty-seven hundred dollars. For print- ing and advertising, twenty-five hundred dollars. 1866, Juue 12. Resolvcd, That until further order of this board, the fol- lowing sums be annually appropriated to the purposes named in the school of mines, viz. : For the department of mineralogy $500 Do. do. geology 500 Do. do. metallurgy 500 For models, drawings of machines, furnaces, &c 300 For the department of analytical chemistry. . . 3,500 The same to be expended under the direction of the pro- fessors in the departments to which said appropriations belong, with the approval of the president. APPROPRIATIONS, PERMANENT. 13 For the library $1,000, to be expended under the direc- tion of the library committee. As to each of the foregoing appropriations, if unex- pended any year in whole or in part, the balance unex- pended to remain to the credit of the appropriation, and to be added to the appropriation of the following year. For suppHes $2,000. For printing and advertising $2,000. 1863, March 3. Hesolvcd, That, uutil otherwise ordered, the sum of three hundred dollars for defraying the expenses of the commencement be annually paid by the treasurer on the order of the president at any time within ten days, before the day appointed for the commencement. 1866, Nov. 5. Besolved, That the standing annual appropriation of two hundred dollars, heretofore made to the department of physics for contingent expenses, be discontinued after the close of the present year, and that the contingencies of the department be hereafter provided for out of the annual appropriation of six hundred dollars made to the department by resolution of June last. Besolved, That hereafter, and until the further order of this Board, the sum of three hundred dollars be annually appropriated for the purchase of chemicals, and the pur- chase and repair of apparatus in the department of general chemistry, the same to be payable within each financial year ending September 30th, and that any for- mer resolution on this subject be, and the same is hereby, repealed. Besolved, That the foregoing resolution shall apply to the current financial year ; and that any bills which may have been incurred by the department, within the limit of the appropriation heretofore made, since January last, be paid by the treasurer. 14 ATTENDANCE AT PRAYEES — BOTANICAL GAEDEN. ATTENDANCE AT PEAYEES. 1R44, Nov. 4. Besolved, That tlie presence of tlie faculty as well as that of the students, shall be insisted upon at the daily prayers and declamation in the chapel. BOTANICAL GAEDEN. 1851, J.™. 6. On the 6th of January, 1851, it was resolved that the property of the college should be laid out in building lots, with a space in the centre thereof, to remain open for a park, and that the privilege of placing the college build- ings on this space be reserved in the conveyances to pur- chasers. Also, that in laying out the college property, a space be reserved for the site of a church. Also, that as soon as a map of the property shall have been made and approved, copies shall be printed for the use of the college. 1856, Feb. 4. Resolved, That it be referred to the standing committee to report to the board at its next meeting the present con- dition of the property of the college in the nineteenth ward known as botanic garden, at what time any, and what part thereof may be offered to be leased, and the probable rents to be obtained therefor; to prepare and submit with their report the draft of a lease appli- cable to said grounds : that the committee at the same time submit a statement of the expenditures already made in preparing said grounds for the occupation of the college buildings, and for being disposed of by lease or otherwise. 1856, Oct. 6. ijij^g standing committee was authorized to contract a loan not exceeding fifty thousand dollars, for the pur- pose of regulating the property known as the botanic BOTANICAL GARDEN. 15 garden, and to give security by bond and mortgage upon such part of the real estate of the college as they may deem proper and sufficient, and on December 6, 1858, it was resolved that it be referred to the standing committee, to consider and report upon the following subjects : What measures are advisable to effect the early leasing of the botanic garden property ; the most expe- dient mode of disposition thereof by leases ; the clauses and provisions proper to be inserted in such leases ; and in what parcels lots ought to be leased. The standing committee having reported a map of the botanic garden tract, showing the mode in which it was proposed to subdivide the same for leasing ; showing also modes of laying out stable lots ; propose that the plan designated for the upper block be adopted for each of the blocks. That the erection of stables on any other part of the property should be prohibited. The stable lots thus shown, to be separately leased (with a right of way through the alley), preference being given to tenants of the college. The committee recommend the approval of this plan, and that a survey of the western line of the property be immediately made, and a map to conform to the same be afterward prepared. They advise leasing by private negotiation rather than by auction, and recom- mend that leases be granted for four terms of twenty-one years each, with covenants and conditions for the pay- ment of rent, taxes, and assessments ; to guard against nui- sances, to secure proper improvement within a specified time, to express proper stipulation in regard to renewals, and to reserve courtyards, &c., &c.; and also that leases be granted for stable lots with such provisions inserted as may prevent their being offensive to the occupants of the neighboring lots, preserve private ways, &c. Also, the following resolutions which were passed : Resolved, That the recommendations contained in the report of the standing committee, dated January 3, 1859, be approved. Resolved, That the standing committee have full power to prepare and have printed such blank leases as they 16 BOTANICAL GARDEN — ERECTION OF COLLEGE BUILDINGS. may think most conducive to the interests of the college, and to make the same known as comprising in detail the provisions which will be inserted in the leases of lots sit- uate in the botanic garden tract ; and also, power to take such other steps as they may deem expedient to effect the early leasing of the above-mentioned property, and to conclude agreements with persons for leases of the same in lots. 1859, May 2. Resolved, That the standing committee have power to direct the execution on the part of the college of all such leases of lots in the botanic garden tract as they may con- clude agreements for under the resolutions of the trustees passed the 3d of January, 1859 ; and that the clerk be authorized to affix the seal of this corporation to such leases, under the direction of the standing committee. 1859, Nov. 7. Resolved, That the sum of thirty dollars be appropri- ated for preserving the college grounds in the botanic garden from washing ; and that a sum not exceeding four hundred dollars be appropriated for planting trees in and around the reserved square ; and that the above sums be expended under the direction of the standing committee. EEECTION OF COLLEGE BUILDINGS. 1854, July 10. ^ :^esolution was passed, authorizing the payment of one hundred dollars for each of the presented plans of the college buildings proposed to be erected, and to de- posit such plans in the college library. 1855, April 5. The Standing committee were on this day ordered by resolution to report on the practicability and expedienc}'- of obtaining in some central situation temporary accom- modations for college purposes, in event of an early dis- position of the property on the north side of the new street. COLLEGE BUILDING, SITE FOR — CATALOGUE. 17 1857, Feb. 6 A resolution passed on this date, ordered that the standing committee should examine the property of this college at the old botanic garden, with a view to desig- nate a site for the erection of the college buildings, and to procure designs for the same. COLLEGE BUILDING, SITE FOE. 1866, March 5. Resolved, That a special committee be appointed to in- quire into the expediency of procuring land for the per- manent occupation of the college and its several schools, and that they report to this board at its next meeting. This committee reported April 2, but the report led to no action. COLLEGE BUILDINGS, USE OF. 1859, Feb. 7. A commuuicatiou having been read from the trustees of the Bloomingdale presbyterian church, requesting the use of the coUege chapel for religious services, it was Resolved, That it is the opinion of this board that the college buildings should not be used for other than aca- demical purposes, and that it is inexpedient to comply with the request. CATALOGUE. 1851, March 3 A resolutiou of tliis date authorized the president to prepare a complete catalogue of the college, and print one thousand copies of the same. 1859 Feb. 7. TMs rcsolutiou was not acted on, and on February 7, 1859, it was further resolved, that the president be au- 2 18 CATALOGUE. fcliorized to publisli a general catalogue of the almnni of this college, from its establishment ; with such authentic notes of the subsequent life and career of each alumnus as he may, with the assistance of the alumni, be able to procure. This also remained without effect. is6i, N'ov. 7 Resolved, That a full catalogue of King's and Columbia coUege, comprehending the governors, professors, trus- tees and alumni, with the degrees conferred, be published under the direction of the president. This resolution was acted upon immediately, and the catalogue was published in the following year. The following relate to the annual catalogue : is6o,o.t. 1. Resolved, That the list of the faculty and students of the law school and of the medical school be included in the catalogue of Columbia college. 1861, May 20. Resolved, That $250 be annually appropriated for printing a catalogue under the direction of a committee, to be issued on or before January 1st in each year. 1864, Nov. 7, Resolved, That in the annual catalogue of the college the names of the students in the several classes be printed in alphabetic order, those of the five students who have received honors being prefixed to each roll ; and that at the close of each session a list of each class — the names in the order of merit — be printed, and that a copy be pre- sented to each student, and another to his parents or guardian. The provisions of this resolution are practically annulled by those embodied in chapter X of the revised statutes of 1865. CHEMISTRY, DEPARTMENT OF. 19 CHEMISTKY, DEPARTMENT OF. 1807, Dec. 7. Mr. Ruggles, Dr. Torrey, and Mr. Jones having been appointed a special committee, were instructed to report whether in their opinion the voluntary mode as practised by professor Joy, should be subject to any regulations. 1858, Jan. 4. On January 4, 1858, it was resolved, that more time should be given in the instruction in chemistry to a portion of the senior class ; that at least thirty-six lectures on mineralogy, geology, and physiology, and, if necessary, further instruction in chemistry, be given to the stu- dents of the school of science ; that $250 be allowed the professor of chemistry for the services of his assistant, from October 1, 1857, to March 1, 1868, and $200 per annum be allowed for the wages of a servant in the laboratory ; that $500 be expended in the purchase of a chemical cabinet ; that the mineralogical and geological collections be rearranged and newly labelled; and that the same committee who reported the resolutions be appointed to carry them out, and Resolved, That $300 yearly be paid to the professor of chemistry, on his presenting proper vouchers, for materials and perishable apparatus used in the lectures and labor- atory, to commence on the 1st January, 1858. 1860, Feb. 6. Resolved, That the annual appropriation of three hun- dred dollars for the department of chemistry, shall be appHed to the contingent expenses of that department ; and any balance thereof, not necessary in any year for that purpose, may be expended for the purchase of ap- paratus. 1861, June 3. Ou the 3d of Juue, 1861, it was decided that the de- partment of practical chemistry should be discontinued, and that the instruction in chemistry to the under-gradu- ates should only consist of lectures and recitations with the usual illustrations. 20 CHEMISTRY, DEPAETMENT OF, 1S61, Dec. 2. A communication having been received from professor Joy, asking permission to establish a working laboratory in the city at his own expense, to give instruction at hours not interfering with his college duties, the following resolution was introduced, but failed for want of a quorum : Resolved, That the board is desirous of availing itself of the liberal offer of professor Joy ; and that a commit- tee be appointed to confer with him, having in view the carrying into successful operation of the estabhshment proposed by him, or such other as may be deemed ex- pedient. This resolution was never revived; but, two months later, the subject was disposed of by the passage of the following resolution : 186.', Feb. 3. Resolved, That during the pleasure of the trustees the professor of chemistry shall be at liberty to deliver in- struction in analytical chemistry at the laboratory of the college, under the following regulations : Ir That under-graduates and persons of good moral character may practise in the laboratory two hours per diein. 2. AU such students shall pa,y at the rate of not more than $300 per year. At the beginning of the term each student shall deposit with the professor $30, from which at the end oi the term shall be deducted the cost of ma- terials consumed, and apparatus broken or injured, and the remainder returned to the student. Out of this sum shall be paid all expenses peculiar to the working labor- atory, as hghts, fuel, &c, 3. At the close of each college term the professor shall report to the treasurer : First — The names of all students who have attended, specifying the under-graduates. Second— AM sums received for tuition and as deposits, specifying the sums paid by each student and the balance of deposit due him. CHEMISTRY, DEPARTMENT OF. 21 Third — All sums paid for the working laboratory ; — the receipts being in excess of such expenditure, the balance to be paid over to the treasurer, to be used for the benefit of the chemical department. 4. The treasurer shall pay annually one hundred dollars to the professor for gas and charcoal used in the chemical department ; such part thereof as shall be used in the working laboratory to be included in the report required as above, and such expense no longer to be paid as part of the cost of the general supplies of the college. 1863, Ml. cii 2. On March 2, 1863, it was resolved that $200, directed in resolution of January 4, 1858, to be paid to the servant of the professor of chemistry, be paid to the professor or such person as he may designate. 1863, Dec. 21. On December 21, 1863, the resolution of February 3, 1862, was amended to read "academic year" for "term" and the "president" instead of the " treasurer," as the officer to whom such report shall be made. 1865, May 23. Besolved, That the treasurer be directed to pay two hundred dollars out of the fund deposited with him for the benefit of the chemical department, as compensation for services rendered in said department by Henry B, Cornwall, as assistant ; and also to pay professor Joy the remaining balance of said fund, viz. : three hundred dol- lars, to be expended by him for apparatus and chemi- cals for the use of the department during his visit to Europe. 1865, Oct. 9. Resolved, That the standing appropriation of two hun- dred dollars per annum to the department of chemistrj^, for attendance on the laboratory, be applied only to the payment of the wages of a servant, and be paid monthly by the treasurer directly to such servant, during the time of his employment. Resolved, further, That the professor of general chem- istry be authorized to employ a skilled assistant in his 22 CHUECH SITE, LOTS RESERVED FOR. laboratory, whose duty shall be, not only to aid him in the business of his department, but also to keep the me- teorological record for the college and the regents of the university, at an annual salary of five hundred dollars, to be paid on the usual college quarter days. 1S65, Dec. IS. Besolved, That the appropriation of two hundred dol- lars per annum for the wages of a servant of the profes- sor of general chemistry, be hereafter paid to such pro- fessor upon the production by him of vouchers,, showing the previous payments by him of such wages. 1866, Jan. 2. Resolved, That the recommendation of the committee (to whom was referred a petition of the senior class for time for excursions), that on such days, not exceeding four in each academic year, when the last hour of the senior class shall be occupied with chemistry or geology, such hour may be employed by them with the consent of the president, on such excursions as may be advised and superintended by the professor of chemistry, be adopted. CHURCH SITE, LOTS RESERVED FOR. 1859, June 22. The actlou of the standing committee in regard to the application for lots for churches, and their recommenda- tion that twelve lots, viz. : lots 173 to 178, inclusive, and 199 to 204, inclusive, fronting on Fiftieth and Fifty-first streets, be reserved for the erection of a protestant epis- copal church, to cost not less than eighty thousand dol- lars, was approved. 1867, April 1. Wkereas, A long period has elapsed since the resolu- tion was passed in June, 1859, reserving certain lots for the site of a church ; and it being now represented that there was no probability that any application would be made for the reserved lots on Fiftieth and Fifty-first streets for the foregoing purpose, therefore CLOAK-EOOM — COMMENCEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS. 23 Besolved, In conformity with the recommendation of the standing committee, that they have i^ower to lease the above lots upon such terms as they shall jndge expe- dient, and to direct the seal of the college to be affixed to any leases that may be gi'anted under this resolution. CLOAK-EOOM. 1867, Jan. 7. Resolved,Tl\i2ii the president be requh-ed to see that hooks be provided in aU the recitation and lecture rooms not akeady so furnished, for the hanging of cloaks and overcoats against the wall ; and that such students as find themselves encumbered with those garments in then- seats be allowed to avail themselves of such conveniences for disposing of them. Resolved, farther, That the cloak-room be continued as heretofore, and that, during the houi-s of chapel and scho- lastic exercises, garments, books, or other propei-ty may be deposited there in charge of the janitor; but that, whilst all care and vigilance shall be exercised to guard such property agaiast depredations, the college cannot imdertake to insure it, or to be responsible for damages in case of loss. 1821, June 4. COMMENCEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS. On June 4, 1821, it was resolved that commence- ments in futm-e should take place between the hours of 18-25, May 2. nine and three; on May 2, 1825, that the standmg committee and the faculty unite in enforcmg more ligor- 1842, Aug. 1. ous discipline at commencement ; and on August 1, 1842, that the arrangements for commencements be superin- tended by the president and a committee of the trus- 1842, Dec. 5. tees. On December 5, 1842, a resolution was adopted, 24 COMMENCEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS. providing, by the addition of a section to the twelfth chapter of the statutes, that a committee of trustees to be annually appointed, should make, with the president, all necessary arrangements for commencements ; and that all expenses for the same, not exceeding two hundred dollars, should be defrayed by the college. 1S44, Nov. 4. In 1844 it had been resolved that public exhibitions should be held in May and December, and that the faculty and not less than four trustees, be required to be present ; 1851, June 14. but ou Juue 14, 1851, it was resolved that the semi- annual exhibitions and the award of prizes for excellence in exercises in declamation be discontinued. 1S63, Mar. 2. The permanent provision for defrajdng the expenses attending the commencement celebration was increased to three hundred dollars per annum, payable on the order of the president at any time within ten days before the day appointed for commencement. 1855, Feb. 5. A commuuication was received from the Philolexian society, containing a request " that the privilege be dele- gated to the Philolexian society, of electing from then- number one speaker to represent them at the semi-an- nual exhibition of each collegiate year." " That mem- bers of the senior and junior classes alone be eligible to the speakership ; and that the essay be in aU cases sub- ject to the approval of the president of the college." The request was granted. 1S56, Feb. 4. A commuuication having been received from the Columbian Peithologian society, containing a request that the privilege of nominating a speaker at the semi- annual exhibition, similar to that granted to the Philo- lexian society, on Feb. 5, 1855, be likewise allowed to to them ; it was Resolved, That the request be granted ; that members of the senior and junior classes alone be eligible to the speakership ; and that the essay be first subjected to the president for approval. DIPLOMAS. 25 DIPLOMAS. 1826, Jan. 2. Jt was resolved, January 2, 1826, that the expense of honorary degrees be defrayed by the trustees. Until the year 1830, honorary degrees appear not to have been always attested by the issuing of formal diplomas. On the 19th of July in that year, the following resolution was placed upon the minutes : 1S30, jiiy 1.1. Besdved, That the faculty do prepare the proper diplo- mas for the honorary degrees to be hereafter conferred ; and that the faculty do also prepare the proper diplomas for the honorary degrees conferred during the last seven years, and for which diplomas have not yet been given, stating the time when the said degrees were conferred ; and that the clerk of the board affix, or cause to be affixed, the seal of the college to all the diplomas above mentioned ; that no fees be charged for such diplomas, but that the actual expense thereof be paid by the treasurer. 1831, June 7. It was oncc more resolved that the diplomas for the honorary degTees directed to be prepared by the faculty by a former resolution of this board, be attested by the corporate seal of the college, and signed by the clerk. 1852, May 2. jj; ^g^g resolved that all diplomas should be dehvered free of all expenses, except the usual fee of eight dollars to the president, and that such fee, and all arrears of dues, must be paid before the delivery of the diploma ; and that the seal of the college be affixed to the diplomas, and the use of the engraved plate be allowed to the graduate without charge. 1862, May 19. j^ ^^s resolvcd that each candidate for the degree of master of arts pay a fee of ten dollars. It does not appear from the minutes at what time the diploma fee was withdrawn from the president and ordered to be paid into the treasury. It appears from 26 ELOCUTION, INSTRUCTION IN. the statutes, as piiblished in 1851, tliat, down to that time, the president continued to receive the fee ; but he had ceased to do so before the passage of the following : 1865, Maicii 6. Resolved, That all regulations heretofore passed in re- gard to fees for diplomas be repealed. Resolved, That no diploma for a degree in course, con- ferred for proficiency in any department of instruction, be delivered until a fee of five dollars shall be paid for preparing the same ; provided, however, that such fee shall not be required fi-om any graduate of the law school, or of the school of mines, who shall have entered therein prior to the passage of this resolution. ELOCUTION, INSTRUCTION IN. 1844, Nov. 4. Resolved, That a professor of elocution be appointed, to hold his office during the pleasure of the board, who shall attend the Freshman class at the expense of the college, such expense not to exceed S200 per annum, and such pupils from the other classes as may be willing to pay for his instruction. But such professor shall not be a member of the board. Resolved, That in addition to the exercises in declama- tion directed by the second section of the tenth chapter of the statute to be delivered at the distribution of testi- monials, on the first Monday in March, other public exhibitions shall be held in the evenings of the second Monday of May and December, at which the faculty and a number of the trustees, not less than four, shall always be present. 1845, jau. 14. Uudcr the foregoing resolutions, prof. J. W. S. Hows was appointed professor of elocution, his appointment to take effect from the 9th December, 1844. ELOCUTION, mSTRUCTION IN. 27 1852, Oct. 4. Resolved, That it be referred to the president and the faculty to inquire into the practicabihty of having the professor of elocution drill all the classes of the college at least one hour every day in the practice of elocution. 1853, Feb. 7. The president reported for hunself and the faculty under the foregoing resolution, that increased attention to elocution appeared to them to be deshable, but that the object could not be conveniently accompUshed diu'ing the current year, the distribution of studies having been aheady made. 1857, Nov. 9. Resolved, That the office of professor of elocution be abolished. For two or three years after this there appears to have been no regular provision made for instruction in elocu- tion. In 1860, the subject was again brought to the attention of the trustees, as follows : I860, Oct. 1. A communication was received from the board of the college suggesting the expediency of employing an in- structor in elocution. This was referred to a special committee, which, at the next succeeding meeting, re- ported the following resolutions : I860, Nov. 5. Resolved, That it is expedient that instruction in elocu- tion should be afforded to the students of the college ; and that two hours in each week should be devoted to that pui'pose by the instructor. Resolved, That an instructor iu elocution be appointed to hold his office during the current academic year, at the rate of per annum, to take effect from the time at which he shall commence his duties. Another resolution was reported, of which the con- sideration was postponed ; but on the 3d of December it was called up and passed in the following words : I860, Dec. 3. Resolved, That the president be authorized to make arrangements for instruction in elocution, so as not to in- 28 ELOCUTION, INSTRUCTION IN — EXAMINATIONS. terfere with the regular course of study : merit marks to be given in this department as well as in others. 1862, May 19. Whether any immediate effect was given to this pro- vision does not appear ; but on the 19th of May, 1862, a communication was received from Mr. George Vandenhoff, offering his services as an instructor in elocution in college and in the law school, which was referred to the president and faculty of the college, and the professor of municipal law, with power. 1862, June 2. "Jho president reported that Mr. Vandenhoff had been engaged to give instruction in elocution to members of the senior class in college, and to students of the law school, his remuneration to be derived from fees paid by such as should volunteer to be his pupils. What success attended this arrangement is not re- corded. EXAMINATIONS. 1833, May 3. Resolved, That a committee of visitation of not less than six members of the board of trustees, be appointed semi-annually, to attend examinations, and to report to the board after each examination. 1839. Ij^ X839 the number of this committee was increased' to twelve, and it was resolved that three of the committee should always be present at the examination of each class. 1851, June 2. Resolved : 1st. That the board of trustees be divided into two permanent committees, as follows, viz. : First Glass. Second Glass. Clement C. Moore, Key. Gardiner Spring, William Bard, Eev. John Knox, Beverley Robinson, Samuel B. Ruggles, Rev. Wm. Berrian, Thomas L. Wells, Ogden Hoffman, William Betts, Rev. Benj. I. Haight, Edward Jones, EXAMINATIONS — FEES. 29 Wm. H. Hakeison, Dr. Wm. H. Hobaet, Gereit G. Van Wagenen, John L. Mason, Hamilton Fish. Gouveeneue M. Ogden, Eobeet Ray. 2d. Said committees to attend the summer examina- tions alternately and the winter examinations alternately. 3d. The committee whose turn it is to attend, to be notified by the president at least three weeks before the examination, and thereupon to meet and appoint a chair- man, who shaU not twice m succession be the same per- son, and add to their number twelve of the alumni of the college. 4th. The committee thus constituted to be divided by the chairman into four sections, with a chairman for each. One of the sections to attend the examinations of each class, who shall keep minutes of their attendance, and report the same together with their opinion of the examinations in the several departments to the general committee. From these several reports the general committee shall draw up their report to be presented to the trustees at their next ensuing meeting. 1868, Jan. 6. Rcsolved, That it be referred to a committee to inquire and report on the expediency of abolishing the inter- mediate examination, and that the committee consist of five members. The president, and Messrs. Schermerhorn, Blatchford, Haight, and Rutherford were appointed as this com- mittee. FEES. 1828, April 1. Resolved, That the students' fees shall be paid at the time of matriculation ; and it shall be the duty of the president to report the names of all students who shall not have paid within thirty days after matriculation. 30 FEES. 1842, Dec. 5. A resolutioH reported by the standing committee, provided that in case any student should be transferred from one class to another of higher grade, he should be required to pay an additional half year's tuition fee. 1851, June 15. On June 15 a resolution was passed reducing the 1861, June 24. tuitlou fee to fifty dollars per annum. On June 24, 1861, it was resolved, that after the termination of that academic year, each graduate, before receiving his diploma, should pay to the treasurer the sum of ten dol- lars ; and, also, that each student, on matriculation, should pay a matriculation fee of ten dollars. This 1862, May 19. was abolislicd May 19, 1862, when it was resolved, that the annual tuition fees of each student shall be one hundred dollars, and that the payment of a matricu- lation fee shall be dispensed with. Further, that each candidate for the degree of master of arts in course, shall pay a fee of ten doUars. 1865, March 5. Ou March 5, 1865, the diploma fee was reduced to five dollars, and made uniform for all degrees. 1865, Jan. 9. Resolved, That when a student shall be admitted after the commencement of the scholastic exercises of the year, he shall be required to pay such part of the tuition fee for the year as may be proportional to the time of tuition yet unexpired, provided that no deduction shall be made unless the time of admission be more than two months from the beginning ; and that in estimating the amount to be paid, fractions of months be counted as entire months. 1865, April .3. Resolved, That whenever it shall appear to the satis- faction of the president and treasurer, that a student who is of good moral character and industrious habits, is unable to pay his fee for tuition, such student may be permitted to proceed without charge ; or, in case he shall so elect, he may give his note for the amoimt, payable at his convenience, after graduation. 1865, Oct. 9. Resolved, That in the case of industrious, meritorious, and promising young men who may be desirous of FINANCIAL POLICY, PERMANENT. 31 attending the course of instmction in the school of mines without being able to pay the necessary fee for tuition, the president and treasurer be authorized to use the same discretion in admitting such students as they are now empowered to exercise in regard to under- graduate students, 1866, May 7. Besolved, That hereafter the annual tuition fees in the school of mines, shall be, for students who take the reg- ular course, or a special course of analytical chemistry, or of assaying, and for candidates for such degrees as the trustees of the college may establish, two hundred dol- lars ; for students who pursue only certain branches of study, the charges shall be made proportional to the time devoted to them and to the expense attendant on the conduct of such course. FINANCIAL POLICY, PEEMANENT. 1861, June 3. Besolved, That it be referred to a special committee of five members of this board, of whom the chairman shall be one, to consider and report such measures as, if adopted, after the present financial year shall reduce the annual expenditure of the institution to the amount of its available income. 1861, June 24. At a subsequcut meeting, the committee here provided for reported resolutions, which were adopted, reducing the salaries of the president, professors, and other officers of the college, and also the annual appropriation for the law library, and for printing and advertising for the law school ; abolishing the semi-annual exliibition, and the prizes previously awarded for excellence in declamation ; indefinitely postponing the appointment of tutors, con- templated by resolution of Nov. 5, 1860 ; and requir- ing a matriculation fee from each matriculating student, and a diploma fee from each graduating student, of ten dollars. FINANCIAL POLICY, PERMANENT. 1865, Nov. 6. Resolved, That it be referred to a special committee to consider and report wliat annual expenditure ought to be estimated for as necessary to sustain in due ejEficiency the departments and schools of instruction now organized, and what disposition ought to be made of so much of the income of the college from time to time to be realized, as may not be required for that purpose ; and also to inquire and report as to the expediency of limiting the annual expenditure, and of creating an accumulating fund from surplus income, to be applied to the payment of the pres- ent debt and of assessments, and to defray the cost of buildings which it may be hereafter expedient to erect ; and also to make such recommendations as they may think proper, relative to the adoption of a permanent pohcy for the management of the finances of the institu- tion. Mr. Ogden, Mr. Bradford, the Eev. Dr. Dix, Mr. Jones, Mr. Rutherfurd, and the president, were appointed the committee. 1866, Nov. 26. The foUowiug ordinance reported by the committee ap- pointed November 6, 1865, to consider the expediency of fixing a permanent financial pohcy was adopted : ORDINANCE ESTABLISHING A PERMANENT FINANCIAL POLICY. Whereas, In view of the propriety of extinguishing as early as possible the present indebtedness of the college, of meeting probable assessments for city improvements, and of providing for the college and its schools, buildings more convenient than those occupied by them at present, and better adapted to promote their educational objects, it is expedient that the annual expenditures be kept within such reasonable limits as, while insuring a liberal support to the departments and schools of instruction at present existing, shah, leave a surplus for the accumula- tion of a fund to be apphed to the important objects above mentioned ; therefore, be it ordained, by the trus- tees of Columbia college, as follows : FINANCIAL POLICY, PEEMANENT. 33 Aeticle I. — The surplus income of the college, which shall remain after the payment of the annual expendi- tures, shall be annually appropriated and set apart for an accumulating and sinking fund. The said annual expend- itures shall only be made for the several purposes here- inafter set forth, and shall not exceed the sums hereinafter named for such purposes : Provided, That this rule shall not apply to salaries, nor prevent the creation of any new professorship or other office which the interests of the college may demand ; nor prevent the expenditure of the proceeds of sale of any real estate in the acquisition or improvement of any other real estate or buildings in their place. EXPENDITUEES FOR THE ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. As to each of these items, if the appropriation made in any year be not expended, in whole or in part, the balance unex- pended may be added to the appropriation of the succeeding year. Departments of instruc- tion : Of physics $700 " chemistry 500 " mechanics and astronomy .... 700 " geodesy and sur- veying 500 Botanical collection. 700 Library 3,000 Classical, Enghsh, and mathematical departments Prizes 150 College societies 700 Supplies 3,700 Printing and advertising 2,500 Commencement and exhibitions 500 Scholarships and fellowships 5,600 Contingencies. 5,000 Insurance, whatever may be necessary. Eepairs, whatever may be necessary. treasurer's OFFICE. Expenses of office 250 3 34 FINANCIAL POLICY, PEEMANENT. CLERK S OFFICE. Expenses of office As to each of these items, if the appropriation made in any year be not expended, in whole or in part, the balance unex- pended may be added to the appropriation of the succeeding year. EXPENDITURES FOR THE SCHOOL OF MINES. Departments of instruc- tion: Of mineralogy $750 " geology 750 " palaeontology*. . . 750 " metallurgy 750 " metallurgic lab- oratory 500 " chemistry 4,000 " mining engineer- ing 750 " drawing 500 " civil engineering. 750 Library 2,000 Supplies $3,500 Printing and advertising 2,500 Bepairs, enlargement, alteration, and improvement of building, furniture, and fixtures, whatever may be necessary. Contingencies 1,500 Prizes 700 EXPENDITURES FOR THE SCHOOL OF LAW. Rent, whatever may be necessary. Library ." 1,000 SuppHes 1,500 Prizes 700 Commencement 250 Printing and advertising 750 Repairs, whatever may be necessary. Contingencies 1,000 * This title inserted by an amendment adopted May 4, 1867. FINANCIAL POLICY, PEEMANENT. 35 MISCELLANEOUS EXPENDITURES. Real estate, whatever may be necessary. Interest, whatever may be necessary. Taxes, whatever may be necessary. If the appropriation in Furniture for the pres- ident's house $250 any year be not expended, the balance unexpended may be added to the ap- propriation of the succeed- ing year. Provided, hoivever, That nothing herein contained shall be taken to affect the regulations for the support of the law school, heretofore adopted. Article II, — Said surplus shall be invested and accu- mulated, under the direction of the treasurer, the chair- man of the board of trustees, and the president of the college, in the name of the college, on bond and mort- gage on improved and unincumbered real estate in the city of New York, or in stocks of the United States, or of the state of New York, or of the city of New York ; and all interest received thereon, from time to time, shall be so invested. But such surplus or interest may be tempo- rarily invested, under their direction, by deposit in the New York life insurance and trust company or the United States trust company, or by temporary loan to the United States, or in the United States treasury notes or certifi- cates of indebtedness. Article III. — The said officers above named shall be styled managers of the accumulating fund. They shall keep minutes of their proceedings ; and they shall report the same at every meeting of the board of trustees, and shall annually report the condition and amount of said fund, its modes of investment and other matters connected therewith. Article IV. — The said fund may be apphed from time to time, under the direction of the board of trustees, to the payment of the debt of the college, or of assessments 36 FEEE TUITION — GEBHAED FUND, upon its estate imposed by law; or to defray other cliarges upon its estate, or the cost of the erection of buildings or acquisition of land ; but shall be applied to no other purpose until such fund shall amount to five hundred thousand dollars. Aeticle V. — This ordinance shall not be altered, amended, or repealed, nor shall any appropriation be made in contravention thereof, without a vote of a major- ity of the members present, nor unless the proposed al- teration, amendment, repeal, or appropriation shall have been presented at a previous meeting, and approved by a majority of the members present at such previous meeting. Article VI. — This ordinance shall take effect from and after the first Tuesday of March, 1867. FEEE TUITION. 186S, April 6. Resolved, That the president be authorized to make publication in such form as he may deem expedient, of the liberal terms on which students are received in Columbia college, and into the school of law, and the school of mines, distinctly stating that instruction is given free of all charge for tuition to every deserving candidate who may apply, and whose circumstances will not enable him to pay the regular fees. GEBHAED FUND. 1S43, April 3. A commuuication, dated February 4, 1843, was received from the executors of Frederic Gebhard, deceased, stat- ing that the said Frederic Gebhard had bequeathed to the college the sum of twenty thousand dollars, for the pur- pose of founding a professorship of the german language and literature, and proposing to pay over the same on or after the 30th day of March next ensuing. Whereupon the board resolved " with a high sense of the liberality of the donor," to accept the bequest on the conditions proposed. GEAMMAE SCHOOL. 37 They furtlier resolved that the professorship to be estab- Hshed should be styled the " Gebhard professorship of german language and Hterature ;" and further, that the treasurer, with the advice and approval of the standing- committee, invest as a distinct fund, the bequest of the late Frederic Gebhard. 1862, April 7. Eesolved, That the eleven thousand dollars, part of the Gebhard fund expected to be paid in, be invested in the bond of Thomas Slocomb for fifty-five thousand four hundred dollars ($55,400), and in mortgages by which the same is secured ; and that such securities to the ex- tent of the said eleven thousand dollars ($11,000), be held as a separate investment of so much of the Gebhard fund ; and that the treasurer pay to the Gebhard pro- fessor, interest on the last mentioned sum at the rate of six per cent, per annum, quarterly on the first day of each of the months of January, April, July and October, in each and every year ; the balance of the interest to be derived from the investment to be applied to the payment of taxes on the fund. 1862, Nov. 3. Resolved, That eleven thousand dollars, part of the Gebhard fund, lately invested in the bdd and mort- gages of Thomas Slocomb, which were paid on the 1st November, 1862, be re-invested in the bond and mort- gage of the Dutch church for twenty thousand dollars as of that date ; and that such securities, to the extent of eleven thousand dollars, be held as a separate investment ' of so much of the Gebhard fund ; also resolved that the Gebhard fund shall be entitled to priority of payment out of the said securities. 1862, May 19. Ou rocommendation of the standing committee it was ordered that the separate bank account of the Gebhard fand be discontinued. GRAMMAE SCHOOL. 1827, Dec. 3. It was resolved in 1827 that a grammar school should be established under the patronage of the trustees, that 38 GEAMMAE SCHOOL. the name of the school should be "The grammar school of Columbia college," and that the board of trustees should superintend it. The following were the rules adopted for the organiza- tion and government of the school : There shall be a master and such assistants as may be thought necessary. The regular branches of enghsh shall be taught, and so much at least of the classics and math- ematics as shall be equal to the requirements of a student qualified to enter the freshman class of Columbia college. The board of the college may appoint and dismiss at pleasure the master and assistants, and define the duties and make all the necessary by-laws for the government of the school, and report the state of the school annually to the trustees. The expenses of the school shall be de- frayed from the moneys received for tuition, and the trus- tees do not engage to make good deficiencies. On the other hand the whole of these moneys shall be appropri- ated to the support of the school. And further, Resolved, That this plan shall not go into operation until it is ascertained that forty scholars will be sent to the school, and will pay at the rate of twelve dollars and fifty cents quarter-yearly ; and as soon as that shall be ascertained, the board of the college may hire a house or rooms for the purpose, and proceed to organize the school. That the trustees may discontinue the school if they shall think it disadvantageous or useless to the college, and make such alterations as they may deem advisable. And that every school, from which shall be admitted in any one year into the college five students, shall have the privilege of sending one scholar who shall be gratuitously educated by the college. 1828, Feb. 4. In 1828 this last resolution was so amended as to make the price of tuition not more than fifteen dollars, quarter- yearly, instead of twelve dollars and fifty cents. 1828, April 17. On April 17, 1828, the board of the college were ' authorized to open a grammar school, appoint a teacher, GRAMMAR SCHOOL. 39 and hii'e a house or apartments for the purpose. It was also ordered that such teacher shall be allowed the moneys paid for tuition fees, after deducting rent and necessary expenses, and that if the surplus, after making the deduc- tions, do not amount to five hundred dollars during the first year, the trustees will make it up to that sum ; also that the school shall be conducted, in all respects, accord- ing to the plan heretofore adopted, and that the fore- going resolutions be in force for one year and no longer ; that should the school be continued after the year, the trustees will make such disposition of the tuition fees as may appear to be most beneficial to the school and the college ; and that the fee be twelve dollars and fifty cents quarter-yearly. Such of the resolutions passed in 1827 as are inconsist- ent with those passed at this time were repealed. 1830, Dec. 7. A resolutlou of the board constituted a committee to superintend and control the grammar school in so far as not to interfere with the superintendence of the faculty, and ordered that a semi-annual report should be made to the board. 1831, Oct. 31. An elaborate report on the condition anc. prospects of the grammar school was presented by the committee on the same, concluding with a resolution, which was adopted, appointing professor Anthon rector of the school, at a salary of two thousand two hundred dollars ; the resolu- tion further providing, that should the net proceeds of the school not amount to that sum, the rector should receive said net proceeds in lieu thereof. 1831, Dec. 5. In December, 1831, it was ordered that all disburse- ments for the school should be made under the direction of this committee and be paid on their certificate by the treasurer of the college. 1833, May 1. At a meeting of the trustees of Columbia college on this date, the following was submitted by the committee on the grammar school : " Memorandum of agreement (subject to the approba- 40 GRAMMAR SCHOOL. tion of the trastees) between professor Anthon and the chairman of the grammar school committee : "1. On the 1st of May, instant, professor Anthon agrees to take the grammar school into his own hands for his own account. " 2. He shall defray all the expenses thereof, of all sorts, including repairs of building, &c., so that the col- lege is not to be called on in any way to bear any charges therefor, it being, however, expressly understood that professor Anthon is not to defray any expenses occasioned by damages done by fire or inevitable accident. " 3. He will pay for the current year to end December 31, a rent at the rate of eight hundred dollars per annum. From and after January 1, 1834, the rent shall be one thousand dollars per annum, payable quarterly. " 4. The arrears of rent, if any, and all sums advanced by the treasurer of the college for the school, are to be paid in installments with aU convenient speed, and the whole amour t at present due to the college by the school is to be fully paid up by the 1st of January, 1834, the college being allowed the usual rate of interest on said sum or balance until that day, " 5. The guarantee by the college to Mr. Shea for the payment of his salary to cease forthwith.* " 6. All the outstanding credits of the school to be assigned to, and aU the outstanding debts of the school to be liquidated by professor Anthon. " 7. The rent stipulated for above from the 1st of Jan- uary, 1834, to be neither increased nor diminished while professor Anthon holds the school. " 8. The arrangement herein made is to have no bear- ing whatever on professor Anthon' s salary as a professor of the coUege, and is entirely distinct therefrom. " 9. This agreement not to interfere with the super- * The arrangement here spoken of was made November 23, 1830, and guaranteed Mr. Shea a salary of |1, 750 per annum. GEAMMAR SCHOOL — GEEENWOOD CEMETEEY. 41 vision wliich. may be exercised over the school by the trustees or by their authority, " 10. This agreement shall not be rescinded until three months' notice shall have been given by one of the parties to the other." Whereupon, Resolved, That the committee on the grammar school be authorized to execute an agreement with professor Anthon on the foregoing terms. 1842, Feb. 21. In 1842, it was resolved, that the regents of the univer- sity and superintendent of common schools be informed by the committee that all persons who desire it will be instructed as common-school teachers in the grammar school of Columbia college, in the manner and pursuant to the instruction and direction of the regents and the superintendent. 1861, Feb. 1. Resolved, That the notice called for under the agree- ment of May 1, 1833, between the trustees and the late rector of the grammar school, be given by the former to the latter, and that the said agreement be rescinded from and after three months' service of a notice to that effect on the Jay professor, and on the party or parties now in charge of the school. In consequence of this notice, the grammar ceased to exist as a branch of the college in the spring of 1864. GREENWOOD CEMETERY. A burial lot having been tendered to the coUege by the president of the Greenwood cemetery, it was 1841, March 1. Resolved, That the offer be accepted, and that the clerk of this board be instructed to address a respectful answer to the president, stating such acceptance, and re- turning the thanks of this board for the liberal gift of the said cemetery. The standing committee was charged with the selection of the lot. 42 GREENWOOD CEMETERY — HERBARIUM. 1846, Doc. 16. Resolved, That the committee be discharged of the duty of selecting the lot granted to the college by the trustees of Greenwood cemetery, and that the president, as soon as may be convenient, make selection of the same and report to this board. 1847, March 23. Resolved, That the president be empowered to cause the lot of ground assigned to the college by the Green- wood cemetery to be enclosed within a quickset or other living hedge, and otherwise suitably arranged, provided that the cost to the college shall not exceed the sum of twenty dollars. 1858, Oct. 27. In relation to the subject of burials in the ground in Greenwood cemetery, belonging to the college, which had been referred to the standing committee, it was Resolved, To recommend to the trustees that inter- ments, in the case of the death of any of the faculty or students of the college, be allowed, under a written order from the president, or in his absence from the senior professor present. HEEBARIUM. I860, Nov. 6. A communication was received from Dr. Torrey, offer- ing to the college his entire botanical collection and botanical library, in consideration of being permitted to occupy, for five years, a dwelling on the college green, free of rent. Dr. Torrey also proposed, in case a curator were appointed to take care of the collection, to deliver lectures on botany in its various departments, and to give instruction in the use of the microscope, to the students of the college. The herbarium was stated to embrace forty thousand species ; and the annual increase to be from two to four thousand, of all which he proposed that the college should have the benefit. It was further stated to contain original specimens of all the plants described by Torrey and Gray in the Flora of North America, of nearly all those of the collections made by the United States and HEEBAEIUM. 43 by the several state governments since 1818, and those obtained in the expeditions to Panama, as well as those gathered by professor Holton in New Granada. Besides these, it was said to embrace also most of the illustra- tions of the arctic flora gathered by the British polar expeditions, and a large number of specimens from the botanists of the East Indies, received through the British East India Company. And in addition to all these it was said further to contain large contributions from most of the eminent botanists of England, Scotland, and the continent of Europe, with many plants from the Museum of Natural History in Paris, the Imperial Academy at St. Petersburg, and the Imperial Society at Moscow. The Kbrary was stated to contain six hundred volumes, many of them rare and costly works, now obtainable only with great difficult3^ The communication having been read, the following resolutions were introduced and passed : Resolved, That the proposition of Dr. Torrey be ac- cepted, and that it be referred to a special committee to acknowledge the donation and arrange the necessary details. Resolved., That the thanks of this board be returned to Dr. Torrey for his liberal donation, and his enlightened consideration of the highest interest of the college ; and that a copy of these resolutions be furnished to him. CURATOR FOR THE BOTANICAL COLLECTION. 1861, Dec. 16. Resolvcd, That the bills [for the removal and arrange- ment of the herbarium] be paid by the treasurer ; and that Dr. Torrey be authorized to employ a curator at a compensation of $20 per month, and that payment at that rate be made from the first day of May last. DR. TORREY's dwelling. I860, Dec. 3. Thc standing committee was authorized to put in order the house intended for Dr. Torrey. 1868, April 6. Resolvcd, That it be permitted to Dr. Torrey, on condi- 44 HONOES — INQUIRY INTO THE STATE OF THE COUiiEGE. tion that his services to tlie institution be continued, to reside in the house on the college ground now occupied by him, for £wo years from and after the first of May next. HONORS. 1840, Sept. 6. Resolved, Unanimously, that a committee be raised, to be denominated " the committee of honors ;" that it con- sist of five members to be appointed by ballot ; and that all vacancies therein be filled in the same manner ; that one member of the committee shall go out of office on the first Monday of November in each year, the order of re- tirement to be determined by lot at the first meeting of the committee ; and that all propositions for the confer- ring of honorary degrees be referred to this committee, to consider and report upon ; and that no such degree shall be conferred unless the proposition shall have been re- ported upon by it, unless by the unanimous consent of the board. 1853, April 4. Resolved, That, hereafter, in the conferring of honorary degrees, the board will act upon the cases reported upon by the committee of honors, individually and by ballot ; and that no honorary degree shall be conferred unless the candidate shall have received the votes of the major part of the trustees present at the meeting. INQUIRY INTO THE STATE OF THE COLLEGE, COMMITTEE ON. 1855, Oct. 2. Resolved, That a select committee of five be elected by ballot, 1. To inquire into the propriety of amending the stat- utes so as to allow a discretion to the president to grant vacations or intermissions of pubhc lectures besides those prescribed by the statutes ; and under what circum- stances, if any, such discretion ought to be allowed. INQUIRY INTO THE STATE OF THE COLLEGE. 45 2. To consult and take the statements of the president and other members of the faculty, and librarian, and any other persons, to be expressed in oral answers to such questions as the committee may think proper to pro- pound, relating to the subjects of inquiry directed by this resolution ; and that the questions and answers be reduced to writing and reported by the committee. 3. That the committee inquire by such means and oth- erwise as they may deem necessary, into the past and present administration of the system of education and discipline of the coUege and grammar school, and into the condition of both such branches of the institution, as respects government, order, discipline, and efficient and thorough instruction, and as respects the observance of the statutes. 4. That the committee report fully upon the matters referred, stating their opinion thereon ; and if they shall find any defects either m the statutes or in their practi- cal application, that they state the causes of the same, and recommend such measures as they may deem neces- sary for their correction ; suggesting such alterations as in their judgment wUl tend to the orderly government of the students, and to the ascertaining and enforcing their attention and proficiency. Messrs. Ogden, Betts, Bradford, Allen, and Anderson were appointed the committee. 1856, July 7. After a preamble setting forth the facts connected with the appointment of two committees of the board, the one on a proposed course of university instruction, and the other on the present condition of the college and gram- mar school, and the instructions heretofore given to those committees, two resolutions were presented and passed, of which the second, referring to this committee, was as follows : Besolved, That the inquiries of the committee of in- quiry extend to the taking of the statements and opin- ions of the president and other members of the faculty. 46 INQUIEY INTO THE STATE OF THE COLLEGE. and any other persons, as to the principles and details of a plan of university education proper to be adopted in connection with the under-graduate course of this insti- tution, in order that the evidence, statements, and opin- ions obtained on this and the subjects of the course of instruction in the college and grammar school may be submitted to the committee on the course, for their action and report. 1856, July 7. A communicatiou from professor M'Culloh suggesting certain alterations in his department, was referred to the committee of inquiry in the state of the coUege, with power. The committee resolved, in accordance with the re- quest of professor M'Culloh, that a working laboratory be fitted up under the direction of the professor of nat- ural philosophy and chemistry in the rooms now allotted to him, in so far as may be necessary to test the advan- tages of instructing the students of the college in chem- istry with the aid of experiments and manipulations performed by themselves, under the direction and super- intendence of the professor, and that the sum of two hundred dollars, suggested by the professor, be appro- priated for that purpose, and for furnishing the necessary glassware, materials, and attendance, to be expended under his direction. This action having been reported to the board on the 6th Oct., 1856, it was 1856, Oct. 6. Resolved, That the clerk furnish to the president a copy of the resolution respecting a working laboratory, adopted by the committee of inquiry and reported by them to this board, and that the president communicate all such reso- lutions to the board of the college. 1S56, Dec. 1. Resolved, That the committee of inquiry be authorized to have one hundred and fifty copies of their proceedings printed. Eev. Dr. Haight was added to the committee of inquiry. INQUIKY INTO THE STATE OF THE COLLEGE. 47 1857, Feb. 2. Resolved, Tliat the committee of inquiry be, and hereby are, authorized to incur such expenses as may in their judgment be necessary in the prosecution of their in- quiries ; and the treasurer is requested to pay all bills for the future or past expenses of such committee, which shall be approved by them. Resolved, That the system of volunteering lately intro- duced by the professor of mathematics into his depart- ment, be referred to the committee of inquiry, and report respecting the same with all convenient speed. 1857, April 6. Besolved, That the select committee of inquiry extend their inquiry to those proceedings in the college which appear in the minutes of the faculty of their proceedings since the last stated meeting of the board, and report with as little delay as possible upon the causes of de- fective discipline in the college. 1857, April 20. The Committee of inquiry were requested to furnish the members of the board with such parts of the testimony taken before them as may have been printed, for the pri- vate use of the members. 1858, Nov. 1. Authority was given to the committee of inquiry to print their forthcoming report. 1858, Dec. 6. Tlio rcport of the committee of inquiry was presented by Mr. Ogden and was accepted ; whereupon it was Resolved, That the printed copies of the evidence and of the report be deposited in the college library, and that forty copies be bound. 48 INSTETJCTION, COMMITTEE ON COUESE OP. INSTRUCTION, COURSE OF, AND COMMITTEE ON THE COURSE. 1853, Oct. 3. Besolved, That it be referred to a committee of three, to be elected by ballot, to inquire whether it is expedient to take any, and what measures, for the removal of the seat of the college ; and in the event of such removal, whether any, and what changes ought to be made in the under-graduate course ; and whether it would be expedient to establish a system of university education in addition to such under-graduate course, either in continuation thereof or otherwise. That such committee report fully as to the principles and details of any plan that they may recommend, and whether in their opinion it can be suc- . cessfuUy carried into execution ; and in connection there- with that they consider whether, for the more effectual carrying out of such plan, and extending the benefits of this institution, it ought to afford rooms and commons, or rooms alone, for resident students, and ought to have its seat isolated. Mr. Betts, Dr. Anderson, and governor Fish, were named as the committee, to which, December 19, was added Dr. Knox. 1853, Nov. 7. On the 7th of November, this committee reported at some length, presenting resolutions which were made the special order for Monday, November 14th, and which were then considered, and after amendment passed as follows : 1853, Nov. 14. Resolved, That it is expedient that the college should be removed from its present locality with all reasonable diligence. Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to inquire whether suitable accommodations can be procured in the upper part of the city for a chapel and lecture rooms, and for the library and apparatus ; so that the re- moval of the college, if deemed expedient, may take place at an early period in the ensuing spring or summer. INSTBUCTION, COMMITTEE ON COUESE OF. 49 1854, March 6. rphe foUowing resolutions of the board seem to have been suggested by the committee on the course : Resolved,, That in view of the approaching necessity of dividing and redistributing the duties of the existing chairs, including the one now vacant, the subjects en- trusted to those chairs, their titles, hours of attendance, and modes of compensation be considered as necessarily held ad interim, and liable to modifications, to take effect at no distant day. Resolved, That in furtherance of the proposed modifi- cations, the professors be invited to present to the com- mittee on the course such improvements on the college plan of education as they, in the exercise of their discre- tion, may deem it proper to suggest ; and that the com- mittee be authorized to address to the professors such questions in relation to the college course as it may be thought advisable to propose. Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be sent to each professor. 1854, May 1. Tho committco on the course reported progress, and asked an appropriation to enable them to print. 1854, July 24. The committec on the course made an elaborate report, embodying suggestions as to the form of a statute to reg- ulate the course of instruction in the college in all branches of education. Whereupon it was resolvedthat the report be printed, and that the suggestions for a statute be likewise printed. 1854, Oct. 14. The committee on the course were authorized, by reso- lution of the board, to prepare a statute defining the pro- posed course, and to report the same to the board. The following resolutions were submitted by the com- mittee on the college course for the consideration of the trustees : Resolved, That until the augmentation of the college revenue shall admit of the actual commencement of the _^ 1854, Nov. 6. 50 INSTEUCTION, COMMITTEE ON COUESE OF. co-ordiiiate course of study recommended by the commit- tee on tlie course, tlie present course be continued, witli sucli modifications, from time to time, as circumstances may require ; and tliat the building or buildings contem- plated on the college property, between Forty-seventh and Fifty-first streets, be erected in reference to the ac- commodations demanded for the successful prosecution of the course now proposed. Resolved, That as soon as the augmented college income shall permit, a suitable building or buildings be erected on the above property or elsewhere, adapted to the scheme of co-ordinate instruction recommended by the committee on the course. Besolved, That, for the purpose of carrying out the plan of extended instruction, this board look to the creation of as many additional professorships as are necessary to conduct the co-ordinate course, including therein such parts of the three faculty courses as may be appropriately assigned to the co-ordinate professors ; the remaining duties of the three faculty courses to be discharged by a third order of professors, who shall commence their labors with the senior year. It was ordered that these resolutions be printed, and sent to each trustee. : 1854, Nov. 23. The following resolutions were offered by Mr. Euggles, to be considered at a future meeting : Resolved, That the interests of the college require, ia revising its course of study, the due recognition and intermixture of moral, mental, and physical science with thorough classical traming, as elements equally essential in its intellectual culture, and that they be pursued in a single course to the end of the third or junior year. Resolved, That in view of its greatly enlarged resources, the college ought now to establish supplemental courses in continuation of the studies of the first three years, without reference to professional or artistic pursuits, but solely for higher culture in learning and science, to extend INSTRUCTION, COMMITTEE ON COUESE OF. 51 for three additional years, with degrees, as at present, at the end of the first or senior year, and with an unre- stricted choice of studies during the two succeeding years. Resolved, That the college, as soon as its means will permit, may advantageously establish special and sepa- rate professional and artistic schools, in connection with the liberal arts and sciences, to be taught in its general course. Resolved, That the trustees fuUy concur in that por- tion of the report of the committee on the college course which regards as fundamental, " the habitual recognition, on a positive christian basis, of an authority above all human will," and that in enlarging their plan of instruc- tion, fuU and special provision should be made for teach- ing the connection and mutual support of revelation and the various branches of human science and learning. Resolved, That in erecting college buildings on the lands between Forty-seventh and Fifty-first streets, a portion should be constructed with special reference to the thorough teaching of the various departments of physical science and natural history, with the necessary apparatus and scientific collections ; that such portion should be so buUt as to admit of enlargement from time to time, with the progress of collections, and that it should be commenced and completed at the same time as the other portions of the building, and be made fire- proof. On subsequent motion. Resolved, That these resolutions be printed, and sent to every trustee. 1854, Dec. 4. Resolved, That the consideration of the resolutions introduced on the 6th November, 1854, by the committee on the course, and those on the 23d of the same month, be postponed until the committee on the course shall report a statute. 52 INSTRUCTION, COMMITTEE ON COURSE OF. 1855, June 5. TliG Committee on the course reported that they were ready to present the statute required of them, whenever the board should be pleased to receive it. 1856, July 7. Rcsolved, That the committee on the course of instruc- tion consider the course of instruction proper to be pur- sued in the grammar school, taken as a part of the sys- tem of education to be adopted by the institution, and report upon the same with the same particularity as upon other branches of the subject committed to them. 1857, Feb. 2. On motiou of Mr. Ruggles, it was Resolved, That the following resolutions, and also the resolutions offered by him on the 23d November, 1854, be referred to the committee on the course : Resolved, That a professorship of geology, a professor- ship of natural history and physiology, a professorship of physical and commercial geography, and a professor- ship of American history be, and the same are hereby established in the college. Resolved, That every professor in the college, of any department of physical or natural science, annually pre- sent to the trustees a report or memoir on its advance- ment during the year. Resolved, That five thousand dollars be expended annu- ally in maintaining prize scholarships in the post-gradu- ate course. 1857, April 20.^ Resolved, That it be referred to the committee of the whole in charge of the proposed statute, to consider the several resolutions of this board, under which the depart- ments of mathematics and of ethics have been divided, and new professorships established in those departments, and to inquire. Whether an assistant professor or tutor in the depart- ment of mathematics will not better subserve the inter- ests of the college than a separate professorship of astro- nomy. Also, INSTRUCTION, COMMITTEE ON COURSE OF. 53 Whether the department of ethics may not be more advantageously divided into two instead of* three sepa- rate chairs, and that the committee report at a future meeting of this board ; and in case any alteration of the plan heretofore adopted for the division of the said department be deemed advisable, they may report reso- lutions to carry the same into effect, and assigning the proper titles to the several professorships which they may propose. 1857, Maicii 2. The statutc so long delayed was presented by the com- mittee on the course, prefaced by a report of some length. It proposed a course of study substantially similar to the course previously pursued in college up to the end of the junior year ; but provided for the creation, in the senior year, of three departments, viz, : letters, science, and Juris- prudence, the subjects to be taught very much by lecture. It provided further, that from the commencement of the sophomore year, there should be a co-ordinate course, embracing a larger amount of scientific, and a less amount of classical, study than the other. The degree of bachelor of arts to be conferred on those who should pursue the regular course to the satisfaction of the trustees and faculty, for four years ; and the degree of bachelor of science to be conferred on those who should similarly pursue the full course of study in that course. It provided also for professorships in modern lan- guages, additional to the Gebhard professorship, viz. : in Spanish, Italian, and french. ' In the post-graduate department, it provided for the creation of a school of letters, a school of science, and a school of jurisprudence. The school of letters to embrace ' moral and mental philosophy, including an analysis of the moral and intellectual powers ; aesthetics, or the prin-| ciples of taste and art ; the history of philosophy ; appro- priate literature of the greeks andromans; oriental and modern languages, as far as possible ; comparative phi-i lology. The school of science to embrace mechanics and; physics ; astronomy ; chemistry and mineralogy ; geology 54 INSTEUCTION, COMMITTEE ON COUESE OF. and palseontology ; engineering, mining and metallurgy ; arts of design ; history of science ; natural history. And the school of jurisprudence to embrace modem history ; political economy ; the principles of natural and interna- tional law ; civil and common law, as far as possible ; the writings of the greeks and romans appropriate to these last subjects. The report and draft of statute were ordered to be printed. 1857, M ly n. rj\^^ statuto reported by the committee on the course of university instruction was considered in committee of the whole, amended and reported complete. After which it was ordered to be printed for the use of the board. 1857, June 15. -^j. Peter Cooper, having signified to the president his desire that the building recently erected by him for the "union of science and art," should be used by this college for its university course, in whole or in part, a committee of five, consisting of president King, Dr. Beadle, Mr. Van Wagenen, Mr. Bradford, and Mr. Allen, was appointed to confer with Mr. Cooper on the subject. No report from this committee appears upon the minutes. Besolved, That the president be directed to prepare, on consultation with the faculty, and to report to this board for their action, as soon as possible, appropriate courses of college study and corresponding tables of attendance, to go into effect at the commencement of the ensuing college year, with the understanding — 1. That there shall be an authoritative course of study to the end of the junior year, and in the following year three courses of elective study, one of letters, one of science, and one of jurisprudence. 2. That the students of the single course be engaged with their instructors twenty hours a week, and that a student of a senior course be enabled to attend at least fifteen hours a week in the department in which he may matriculate. INSTEUCTION, COMMITTEE ON COURSE OF. 55 3. That until university classes be duly organized and ready to attend, the professors engaged at full salaries meet the college classes, or sections of them, for pur- poses of instruction, at least five hours a week, or as nearly so as mutual accommodation will permit. Resolved, further, That the president, on such consulta- tion, be likewise requested to prepare a table of studies to be pursued in the post-graduate or university course, commencing at the opening of the term in September next, and to report such table to the trustees on or before the first Monday of July next : In the school of letters — 1. Lectures by the professor of religion, natui'al and revealed. 2. Lectures by the professor of history, 3. Lectures by the professor of literature. 4. Lectures by the professor of greek. 5. Lectures by the professor of latin. 6. Lectures by the professor of german. In the school of science — 1. Lectures by the professor of physics. 2. Lectures by the professor of chemistry. 3. Lectures by the professor of astronomy. 4. Lectures by the professor of mathematics. 1857, July ^. rpiie president made a report on the matters committed to him on the 15th June. On the same day the statute re- ported May 11, regulating the course of study for aU the four years, and expressly prescribing the subjects to be taught in the several departments of letters, science, and jurisprudence during the senior year, was adopted. The same statute further provided for a university course, to embrace three schools, viz., a school of letters, a school of science, and a school of jurisprudence, and set forth the 56 INSTRUCTION, COMMITTEE ON COUESE OP. subjects to be taught in the same. These schools were to be open to any persons ; and any one pursuing, for the space of two years, such of the studies of the same as the trustees should prescribe, to the satisfaction of the faculty and tnistees, was to receive the degree of master of arts. The statute provided further for the establishment of fellowships, with or without stipends, and for prize scholarships. 1857, Sept. IT. The prcsidout reported two schemes of attendance ; •, under the new statute, the consideration of which was made the special order for a special meeting to be held on 1857, Sept. 23. the 23d. On that day the scheme for the three lower classes was amended and adopted ; and the scheme for . the senior year was referred to a select committee con- sisting of Dr. Haight, Dr. Spring, and Mr. Ogden. 1857, sept. 17. A Committee was appointed to consider the propriety of introducing into the scheme of instruction, a course of instruction in architecture. No report from this com- mittee appears on the minutes. 1857, Oct. 5. The scheme of instruction was reported complete, and adopted by the board. A scheme of attendance, in accordance with the new statute on the course of instruction, having been reported by the committee, and adopted with amendments suggest- ed by the faculty, a resolution was adopted, assigning to the several officers of the faculty the subjects which they would be required to teach. A committee was appointed to inquire into the expe- diency of establishing a chair of design and drawing. This committee made a report at the following meeting, which was laid on the table and never afterward called up. 1857, Nov. 9. Resolved, That it be referred to the president and the Gebhard professor, with power, to devise a scheme of in- struction in the german language and literature, with an understanding that the study shall be voluntary. INSTRUCTION, COMMITTEE ON COURSE OF. 57 Resolved, That it be referred to tlie president and fac- ulty to devise and report a scheme of attendance and instruction in the other modern languages and m drawing. 1857, Dec. 7. The report on instruction in german, required by reso- lution of November 9, was made by the president, where- vipon the following resolution was adopted : Resolved, That in conformity with tlie scheme reported in relation to instruction in the german language, &c., two prizes for the german — one of thirty dollars, the other of twenty dollars — be awarded annually to the best student in each of the classes into which it is proposed to divide the students ; provided that in every case the award be made to those among the competitors in each class sustaining the best examination, the decision to rest with the professor of the department and the presi- dent. Eeports from the president and faculty, required by reso- lution of November 9, on drawing and the other modern languages besides german, were presented and referred 1858, Feb. 1. to the Committee on the course. February 1, 1858, the committee on the course reported, and a resolution was passed directing that, when it should be deemed by the trustees expedient to establish classes in french and Spanish, there should be formed two classes, which should receive two hours of instruction per week each 5 the students to proceed from the lower to the higher class on examination, and the course of instruction to be left to the direction of the several professors, subject to the direction of the trustees. It was further resolved that the organization of a depart- ment of free-hand drawing should be considered in con- nection with an university course, when the report ex- pected on that subject from the president and faculty should be made : and further, that the instruction in in- dustrial drawing should be committed to the charge of the adjunct professor of mathematics. 68 INSTRUCTION, COMMITTEE ON COURSE OF. A resolution was passed requesting the president to present to the board a report on university instruction, " in conformity with the request heretofore made." [The request referred to must be that embraced in the resolu- tions of June 15, 1857, since no other appears in the minutes. It would seem, however, by the minutes of July 6, quoted above, that the report called for had been made already.] 1858, Marcii 1. Tho president reported two schemes of university in- struction ; and the board resolved to meet on the follow- ing Monday, for their consideration. 1858, Miirch 8. The special object of this adjourned meeting being under consideration, Mr. Ruggles presented a paper con- taining several subjects of inquiry touching the same, which, along with the reports of the president, were re- ferred to a select committee, consisting of Bishop Potter, Mr. Betts, Mr. Buggies, Mr. Van Wagenen, and Mr. AUen. 1858, April 5. The sclect committee appointed March 8, made a re- port proposing to initiate the organization, at the open- ing of the fall term, of the several schools established by statute, by giving instruction in the several schools as follows : SCHOOL OP LETTERS. Ethics, history in connection with the school of juris- prudence, greek, latin, history of philosophy, english language and literature. SCHOOL OP SCIENCE. Mechanics and physics, astronomy, chemistry, ge- ology and natural history, mathematics, including en- giueering and physical geography. SCHOOL OF JURISPRUDENCE. Political philosophy, history in connection with the school of letters, natural and international law, con- stitutional law, municipal law, moot courts, appropri- ate greek and latin literature. INSTEUCTION, COMMITTEE ON COURSE OF. 59 The committee advise that instruction in the schools of letters and jurisprudence should be given in some central and easily accessible place, and in that of science in the college, where are the laboratory, cabinets, appa- ratus, and collections. Also, that fees in these schools should be paid by graduates of the college as well as by others — the fees paid by graduates to be at the disposal of the trustees, and those paid by others to go to the professors. They further recommend that the terms of instruction in the university course shall extend from the first of October to the first of June, with the usual intermissions. And in regard to the tenure of office, they suggest that no positive rule be laid down for the present, but that appointments be more or less permanent, as may from . time to time be determined by the board of trustees. Whereupon the following resolution was adopted : Besolved, That the recommendations of the committee be approved, except that the subject of fees be reserved for further consideration by this board ; and that it be referred to the same committee to provide necessary ac- commodations for instruction, as proposed, in some cen- tral situation ; and to take such other measures as they may deem expedient for organizing and carrying on the proposed course ; and that they report as soon as practi- cable whether any and what additional instructors wiU be required, to the end that this board may take meas- ures for their selection. On motion of Mr. Kuggles, it was further resolved to add the " science and art of education " to the subjects to be taught in the school of letters. 1858, May 17. Mr. Bradford was added to the committee. 1858, June 21. The selcct committoo on the university course reported the following resolutions, which were adopted seriatim, viz. : 60 INSTRUCTION, COMMITTEE ON COUESE OE. Resolved, — First, That the post-graduate instruction of the college commence annually on the first Monday of November, and close on the first Saturday of June fol- lowing. Second, That the committee on post-graduate in- struction be authorized to secure the services, for such portions of the next two years as they may be able, of pro- fessor James D. Dana in the department of geology and natural history ; of professor Arnold Guyot, in physical geography and kindred subjects ; of Mr. George P. Marsh, in the English language ; at a compensation to each not exceeding fifteen hundred dollars annually ; and of professor Theodore W. Dwiglit, or such other competent instructor as said committee may select, for the elemen- tary branch of the law department ; to be compensated by fees to be guaranteed by the college to amount to fif- teen hundred dollars annually ; and of any other in- structors in any department of jurisprudence, science, or letters presented by the statute, who will accept fees in full compensation. Third, That the said committee be authorized to ar- range all the necessary details with the several professors of the college in respect to lectures and other instruction to be given by them in the post-graduate course ; but all such arrangements shall expire with the close of the next collegiate year. Fourth, That the several professors and instructors in the post-graduate course shall make such examinations at least once in every fortnight, as may enable them to determine the relative proficiency of students competing for university degrees or honors. • Fifth, That the post-graduate instruction in mathe- matics, physics, astronomy, and chemistry, be conducted at the college buildings, and in the other branches at the building of the historical society, or such other locahty as the committee may find necessary. INSTRUCTION, COMMITTEE ON OOUESE OF. 61 Sixth, That a sum not exceeding fifteen hundred dol- lars be expended under the direction of the committee, for such diagrams, drawings, and specimens as may be necessary in the courses of geology, natural history, and physical geography ; and if the professor of chemistry so elect, the sum of five hundi'ed dollars heretofore appro- priated for a chemical cabinet may be expended in ap- paratus and materials needed in the post-graduate course. Seventh, That fees not exceeding five dollars for each course of general lectures in the post-graduate course shall be received by the college, to be hereafter appro- priated as the trustees may direct ; which rate, in the discretion of the committee, may be reduced to three dol- lars for graduates of not more than three years' standing of the college, of the university of the city of New York, and of the free academy. Eighth, That fees for special or technical instruction, to be approved by said committee, may be received by the several professors or instructors giving such instruc- tion in the post-graduate course. It was further ordered that the president be authorized to give pubUc notice, at the approaching commencement, of the adoption by the college of a scheme of post-gradu- ate studies, and that the same is to go into operation during the next ensumg term- 1858, Deo. 6. Bisliop Potter was excused from serving on the com- mittee on post-graduate instruction. 1859, April 4. Tlic followiug resolutiou would seem to have been adopted at the instance of the committee on the course, or for the benefit of the committee, but this does not ap- pear from the minutes : Resolved, That it be referred to the board of the col- lege, and they are requested to frame and report to this board a scheme of instruction for the under-graduate course, in which shall be specified both the subjects and 62 INSTRUCTION, COMMITTEE ON COURSE OF. * * * 1861, Feb. 4. 1861, Feb. 25. extent of instruction in each department * These may be definitely prescribed, and may be so limited that the combination of the courses in all the depart- ments may form a general course which shall be perfectly within the abihty of the students thoroughly to master in each and all its parts ; and also to frame a scheme of at- tendance in conformity with the scheme of instruction. In the departments of the greek and latin classics the board is requested to devise alternative courses for each session, etc., etc. Nothing appears on the minutes of the board indicating that the report here called for was ever made, but, on the 4th of February, 1861, a special committee of the board previously appointed to prepare a plan for instruction in astronomy reported that " the consideration of this matter is necessarily connected with an examination of the entire scheme prepared by the faculty." Whereupon the following resolution was passed. The scheme referred to may possibly be that which was called for in the resolution of April 4, 1859 : Resolved, That the report of the faculty on the pro- posed course of study be printed under the direction of the president, and that he direct copies to be sent to each of the trustees before the next meeting of the board. At a subsequent meeting of the board the following action was taken relating to the same report : Resolved, That the report of the board of the college upon the course of study be referred to a committee of three members of this board, to consider the recom- mendations of such report, etc., etc. Mr. Allen, Mr. Strong, and Mr. Rutherfurd were ap- pointed the committee. No report of the committee appears in the minutes of the board. INSTEUCTION, COMMITTEE ON COURSE OF. 63 1859, May 2. Resolved, That the president report to the board at their next stated meeting the particulars of the result of the course of university instruction given during the last winter ; and that the treasurer report the amount of expense attending such course. No report from the president in response to this reso- lution appears on the minutes. The treasurer, however, reported, June 6, the particulars of expenditure actually incurred on account of the university course for the year, or still remaining due, as foUows: compensation to lecturers, $3,000; drawings and illustrations, $458.10; printing and advertising, $485.18; rent of Historical society's rooms, $600— total $4,543 . 28. 1859, June 6. Bcsolved, That the committee on post-graduate instruc- tion report to this board at its next meeting on the expe- diency of establishing a practical school of science ; and, if they deem it expedient, to report such measures as are necessary for carrying the same into execution, and the plan and probable expense thereof. 1859, Oct. 3. It -wras resolved that any professors belonging to the college faculty, who might deUver lectures in any of the post-graduate courses, should be allowed to receive the fees paid for such lectures, provided they should pay the expenses of advertisement, and should give notice to the president of their desire to receive such fees ; and pro- vided further that this resolution should not apply to re- ceiving fees from students in the law school. 1861, June 3. Resolved, That the division of the senior class into three schools be aboHshed at the end of the present academic year, and that the course of study thereafter be the same for the whole class. 1861, June 21. The select committee on the post-graduate course were discharged at their own request. [This was the committee appointed March 8, 1858. The committee on the general course of instruction con- tinued still in existence.] 64 INSTEUCTION, COMMITTEE ON COUESE OF. 1863, Oct, 5. Rev. Dr. Dix was appointed to the committee on the course in place of Mr. Allen, deceased. 1863, Oct. 15. Resolved, That the entire subject of instruction in the college and its distribution among the various depart- ments, be referred to the committee on the course, together with bishop Potter and judge Bradford ; also the subject of the professorship of physics and the expediency of abolishing it and distributing its branches among the other departments, with directions to report thereon with all convenient speed. The following resolutions were adopted on the recom- mendation of the committee on the course : 1863, Dec. 7. Uesolvecl, That on the termination of the present aca- demic year, analytical geometry and the calculus be removed to the senior year, and their study be made optional. Resolved, That after the current year, the hours allotted to the mathematical department for the instruction of the junior class be reduced from five to three, and that one hour additional be given to the greek and latin depart- ments each. Resolved,, That the department of physics be continued as now established, and that the chair be filled as soon as may be conveniently done. Resolved, That the subjects of instruction in the depart- ment of physics be taught without reference to the cal- culus, and in a more popular and intelligible manner, the professor using, so far as practicable, text-books. Resolved, That a course of the history of modern litera- ture be introduced into professor Nairne's department, together with the history of moral and intellectual phi- losophy, and that the study of pure metaphysics be reduced. Resolved, That it be referred to the special committee to make and report to the board, a scheme of study and 1865, Feb. 6. INSTRUCTION, COMMITTEE ON COURSE OF. 65 attendance, based on the preceding resolutions, as well for the permanent course as for the remainder of the cur- rent year. Resolved, That ancient geography be, after the present academic year, excluded from the course of study in col- lege ; and that, after the next academic year, it be placed among the requisites for admission to the freshman class. Professor Ordronaux, having presented to the board a proposition to deliver a voluntary course of lectures on anatomy and physiology to the members of the senior class of under-graduates, and requested that hours might be assigned for the purpose, it was Besolved, That while this board fully appreciates the value of the instruction which it is proposed by the pro- fessor of medical jurisprudence in the school of law to give to the under-graduates in the college, it does not appear to be practicable at the present time to make the arrangements which would be necessary to ensure the success of the course of lectures proposed. Resolved, That it be referred to the president to report a proper text-book in ancient geography, and the extent of instruction to be required for entrance. 1865, July 6. Resolved, That until further order of this board, instruc- tion in history and political economy be given by the professor of philosophy and english hterature, under the direction of the president. 1865, Oct. 9. Resolved, That the subject of mechanics, embracing the general doctrines of statics and dynamics, with their applications to solids, fluids, and gases, be transferred to the professor of mathematics and astronomy, and here- after, until the further order of this board, be taught by him. 5 66 INVENTORY OF MOVABLE PROPERTY — LAW SCHOOL. INVENTOEY OF MOVABLE PEOPEKTY. 1838, Dec. 1. Besolved, That all officers having charge of movable property of the college, prepare duplicate iaventories of the same, one copy to be left with the president, and one with the clerk for the use of this board. 1862, April 7. Resolved, That the president be requested to obtain from the several professors a catalogue of the apparatus under their charge, belonging to the college, specifying as far as possible the date of purchase, and the price paid for eacji piece. 1862, June 2. The commlttee to whom were referred the reports of the professors upon the apparatus belonging to the col- lege, recommend, June 2d, 1862, that the origiaal reports when signed by the professors severally making them, be filed with tl 3 clerk of the board ; and that copies of the same be kept in r. book prepared for that purpose, and be kept at the college by the president. The report was accepted and the recommendations con- tained were adopted. LAW SCHOOL. 1858, May 17. The Committee on university instruction made a report recommending the organization of a school of law. Whereupon, on motion, it was Resolved, That a law school be established on the basis recommended by the committee, such school to go into operation in the ensuing autumn. The committee on university instruction presented the following resolutions which were adopted : 1859, May 2. Resolved, That there be added to the corps of instruc- tors in the law school, such gratuitous lecturers upon LAW SCHOOL. 67 common and civil law, and equity jurisprudence, as shall be determined upon by the consulting committee here- after created. Also, that courses of lectures be estab- lished upon medical jurisprudence, upon political philoso- phy, including a history of government and of political literature, and upon ethics. The two latter courses to be delivered by professors attached to the under-graduate course of instruction, and the time of the delivery of the lectures to be determined by the professors and lecturers. A committee, consisting of the legal members of the present committee, with Messrs. Ogden, Strong, and Fish, and the professors in the law school, was authorized to choose the lecturers named in this resolution. PRIZES. Resolved, That there be established a series of prizes in the law school to consist of the following sums : A first prize of $250, for excellence of attainment in legal science, &c. A second prize of $200. A third prize of $150. A fourth prize of The particular details in relation to the above prizes, and likewise the scheme of instruction and attendance, shall be determined by the committee and the professor of municipal law. LIBRARY. 1859, Dec. 5. Resolved, That the chairman of the board of trustees, the president of the college, the treasurer, the clerk, and the professor of municipal law, shall be the law library committee, and shall make such rules, and such recommendations to the trustees as they shall deem expedient, and also shall direct the expenditures for the purchase of books. The professor of municipal law shall 68 LAW SCHOOL. be the secretary of sucli committee, and may call meetings of the same. I860, Jan. 9. Resolved, That an appropriation be made from the funds of the college for the purchase of books for the law library, under the direction of the law library com- mittee, to the amount of three hundred dollars per annum, commencing with the collegiate year 1859 — this amount to be payable on the draft of the professor at the begin- ning of each year. This appropriation was, however, reduced to one hun- is6i,.rnne24. dred and fifty dollars in 1861, and it was further ordered that the professor of municipal law be limited to an ex- penditure of not over three hundred dollars for printing and advertising of whatever kind, done imder his direc- tion for the law school. REGULATIONS CONCERKENG EXAMINATIONS AND PRIZES. I860, Feb. 6. The Committee on the law school reported the following rules and regulations, in relation to examinations and prizes, which were adopted : 1. Examinations. There shall be one oral examination of candidates for the degree of bachelor of laws, at the close of the second year. The examination is to be conducted by the professors in the law school, and is distinct from that hereinafter established for prizes. 2. Degrees. The degree of bachelor of laws shall be conferred upon such students as shall pass an examination satisfac- tory to the professor of municipal law. 3. Prizes. The rules respecting the adjudication of prizes are as foUows : LAW SCHOOL. 69 First — There shall be an examination of the candidates for prizes at the close of each collegiate year. The first examination will occur in May, 1860. All members of the present senior class shall be entitled to compete for the prizes. After this year candidates must be connected with the law school for two coUegiate years. Second — The test of excellence shaU be two-fold : a. By an examination in writing in answer to printed questions. h. By essays prepared upon such legal topics as may be suggested. The prizes shall be adjudicated upon the combined excellence of the essays and examination. Diligence and regularity of attendance upon the pre- scribed exercises of the school shall form an element in reaching the conclusion. Third — The following directions must be observed by candidates in preparing essays : a. The essays shall be written upon white letter-paper of the best quality, with a margin of an inch wide. Only two pages of each sheet should be written on. The chirography should be fair and legible. The essay should not exceed ten sheets in length, or three-fourths of an hour in delivery, if spoken. h. The positions taken in the essays, if debatable, should be fortified by the citation of authorities. Where the point is reasonably well settled, a single decisive and leading authority shall suffice. In other cases more are admissible. c. Conciseness and clearness of expression, accuracy of statement and close reasoning should be carefully studied by the essayists. d. The essays should be signed with a fictitious name, and be accompanied by a sealed envelope, upon the out- side of which shall be written the fictitious name attached to the essay, and within a slip of paper containing the real name of the author. The essays should be delivered 70 LAW SCHOOL. to tlie professor of municipal law, on or before May 15, 1860. e. The unsuccessful essays shall be returned to the authors with the envelopes unopened. The successful shall belong to the coUege and shall be preserved in bound volumes for the use of the law library. /. Any essays which have received honorable mention from the committee of award, and have failed to receive a prize, may, with the consent of the authors, be bound with the prize essays. Fourth — The examinations upon the printed questions shaU be made as follows : a. Those who intend to compete for the prizes shall enter their names in a book provided for that purpose before May 1. If among those names there are any who have been wanting in a reasonable degree in punctuality they shall be informed, before examination, that they may fail of obtaining the prize. h. The professor of municipal law shall call a session of the candidates at such time, near the close of the col- legiate year, as may be convenient. He shall furnish at the opening of the session, the printed papers to the students, who shall write their answers in their presence upon paper similar to that provided for the essays, with a similar margin. During this session there shall be a general sUence observed, except such necessary questions as may be addressed to the professor, and there shall be expressly no communication of the candidates with each other regarding answers. A failure to observe these rules will work a forfeiture of the right to receive a prize. c. After this session is finished, the answers to the printed questions shall be signed with the fictitious names attached to the essays, and enclosed in an envelope, as before. The answers shall belong to the college. Fifth — The essays and answers shall thereupon be transmitted to a committee on prizes, consisting of three members of the legal profession, who are to be selected LAW SCHOOL. 71 by the law committee of the college. The report of this committee will be communicated to the clerk of the col- lege in writing. Sixth — The names of the successful condidates and the substance of the report shall be published in the prin- cipal daily papers in the city at the expense of the college. Notice will also be given by letter to the successful can- didates. Seventh — The prizes shall be awarded at the option of the recipient, in money, medals or books ; when no notice is given to the contrary the award will be in money until otherwise ordered. The professor of municipal law will countersign all drafts upon the treasurer before they can become available. Resolved, That it shall be the duty of the professor of municipal law and other professors of law in the law school, with the law committee of this board, on the ex- piration of the course of study of the senior class in each year, to examine the members of that class and thereby to ascertain their jQtness to receive the degree of bachelor of laws, and to be admitted to practice in the courts of this state, in pursuance of the law passed April 7, 1860. After each e:: .lamination shall be concluded, the said pro- fessor or professors and the said committee, or any three of them, being counsellors at law, shall recommend in writing to this board, such of the said students as they may deem properly qualified to receive the said degree and to be admitted, and theren; :n, on the approval of such recommendation, a diploma in the form reported to the trustees and approved, will be granted to each student so recommended ; which shall be signed by the president and such members of the board of examiners as shall attend the examination ; and the seal of the college shall be affixed thereunto. I860, May 21. Resolved, That the clerk be authorized to affix the seal of the college to all certificates of prizes and to all diplo- mas which may be issued in the law school. 72 LAW SCHOOL. 1861, May 20. Besolved, That the existmg system of prizes be modi- fied so that the second prize of two hundred dollars be awarded for excellence in the department of political science, and that the students competing for other prizes be not required to attend in any department except that of municipal law. LAW FACULTY. 1S61, Juno 3. Resolved, That the law committee be instructed to con- sider the propriety of the establishment of a law faculty, in order that the same may be established by the begin- ning of the next academic year. LAW SCHOOL — REGULATIONS FOE SUPPORT OF. 1864, Feb. 1. 1. The tuition fees shall be one hundred dollars for each year for all students who shall hereafter enter the school, and for those who are now students, seventy-five dollars. 2. The professor of municipal law and the treasurer may, in special cases, remit the fee in whole or in part. 3. The fees shall be collected by the professor of muni- cipal law, and be from time to time as received, paid by him to the treasurer. 4. The rent, and the necessary repairs of the building occupied by the school, and an annual expenditure of two hundred and fifty dollars for the library, shall be paid by the college out of its general fund. 5. The amount received for fees shall each year be ap- plied, first to the payment of all expenses of the school except those which are to be paid, as before mentioned, out of the general fund of the college ; second, to the pay- ment of the professor of municipal law, six thousand dollars, so far as the receipts for the year may be sufficient for that purpose. Of the balance remaining, after such appKcation, one-half shall be paid to the professor of municipal law, and one-half shall be retained by the eoUege. LAW SCHOOL. 73 6. The said salary of the professor of municipal law shall be paid in each year three thousand dollars on the first day of November, and the remainder at the end of the academic year of the school, so far as the receipts of the year shall suffice. 7. The professor of municipal law shall be, ex-qffido, St. member of the law committee of the trustees. 8. The trustees of the college shall in all cases, on the recommendation of the law committee, decide as to the expediency of expenditures ; but they will not, without the consent of the professor of municipal law, and to the diminution of his salary, employ any additional professor or assistant instructors, except in the department of municipal law. INSTRUCTION — MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS. is65,juiie5. Resolved, That the law school committee be em- powered in their discretion to authorize professor Ordro- naux to prefix to his lectures a course on elementary anatomy and physiology, provided that the expenses of the necessary drawings and illustrations, &c., do not ex- ceed three hundred dollars ; and in that event, that the yearly salary of professor Ordronaux be raised to six hundred dollars, to commence on the first of October next; and that he be appointed professor of medical jurisprudence during the pleasure of the board. 1865, June 6. Resolved, That professor Lieber be transferred from the faculty of arts to the faculty of law ; and that the law school committee be authorized to designate the subjects on which he shall lecture, and to assign the appropriate title to his chair and his duties, and the hours of his at- tendance ; and that, hereafter, the students of the law school shall be required, so far as deemed expedient by the law school committee, to attend such portions of the lectures of professor Lieber and of the professor of municipal jurisprudence, as the law school committee (upon advisement with the several professors of the law school) shall deem proper ; and that a rigid and satis- 74 LAW SCHOOL. factory examination on the subjects treated of in sucli lec- tures (or such portion thereof as shall be deemed proper) shall be required of each candidate for the degree of bachelor of law, prior to his admission to that degree ; and that a satisfactory examination upon such of the several subjects treated of by the several professors of the law school as the law school committee and the faculty of the law school shall deem to be expedient, shall be re- quired of each candidate for the degree of master of laws, prior to his admission to that degree. Resolved, That the law school committee be directed, as soon as conveniently may be, to report to this board their conclusions and judgment upon the several subjects which, by the preceding resolution, are committed to their authority or discretion, or submitted to their judgment either separately or together with any or all of the pro- fessors of the law school. Resolved, That the salary of professor Lieber, in the faculty of law, be continued at the rate of four thousand dollars a year, until otherwise ordered by this board. 1865, Oct. 9. Resolved, That the professorship in the law school now held by Dr. Francis Lieber, be henceforth known as the professorship of constitutional history and pubKc law ; that it shall be the duty of the professor during each academic year to dehver one lecture weekly to each class ; that lectures on the constitutional his- tory of England be delivered to the junior class, and on that of the United States, to the senior class ; and also a course on modern political history to the junior class, and on government to the senior class ; that such lectures be delivered between 1^ and 2^ p. m. LEBEARY. 75 LIBEARY. 1819, Sept. 6. Resolved, That a committee of five trustees be appointed, to be styled the library committee, whose duty it shall be to have a general charge of the college library ; to report to the board, from time to time, such opportunities as may occur of procuring rare or valuable works ; and to make such other communications respecting the Ubrary as they shall deem conducive to the welfare of this institution. 1835, Jan. 1. Resolved, That the members of the sophomore class be allowed to use the library under the same regulations which apply to the members of the two higher classes. 1838, April 2. Rcsolved, That the library committee be authorized to make such regulations as they may deem from time to time requisite and proper, respecting the use of the library, and also to dispose of dupHcates of works con- tained therein, by sale or exchange, and that they report such regulations to this board. Under the authority conferred by this resolution, the committee, two days later, adopted the code of regula- tions given below. These regulations have since been, from time to time, modified by the committee, and also occasionally by the trustees. It is only when amend- : ments have been made by the trustees that the dates of the changes have been preserved. i Resolved, That such members of the freshman class as ' the president may specially designate, shall have the privilege of taking out books from the college library, subject to the regulations applicable to the other classes. : 1839, April 1. By a resolution passed in AprU, 1839, the teachers of the grammar school and such students as the rector might recommend, were allowed to take books from the library, provided that the rector held himself responsible for the safe return thereof. 76 LIBRARY. In 1844 the library committee was reconstructed under the following resolution : 1844, March 2. Besolved, That the chairman of the board of trustees, the president of the college, the clerk, the treasurer, and the librarian, shall constitute the library committee, which shall have the whole charge and direction in all matters concerning the library, subject to the board of trustees. Such committee shall meet statedly, at least four times a year, and also specially, whenever called together by its secretary, by order of any other member of the committee. If a majority shall not be present any two members, the librarian being one, shall be a quorum, complete to transact business at any meeting whereunto all the members shall have been duly summoned, subject to such regulations as shall have been made by a ma- jority of the committee. The librarian shall be the secretary of the committee, and shall keep in a book, minutes of its proceedings to be laid before the trustees, and read from time to time to the board. And the librarian shall, at the end of every year, under the direc- tion of the committee, make a report of the condition of the library, and of its increase during the year. 1851, Nov. 4. Besolved, That no debts be contracted for the library without the consent of the library committee. 1852, Dec. 13. Besolvcd, That the salary of the librarian be raised to three hundred dollars a year, to commence on the first of October last. A second reorganization of the library committee was made in 1862, by the adoption of the following resolu- tion : 1862, Oct. 6. Besolved, That the library committee shall hereafter be constituted of three trustees chosen by ballot. Imme- diately upon their election they shall be divided by lot into three classes, so that the time of one shall expire on the first Monday in November, 1863, of another on the first Monday in November, 1864, and of the third in Novem- ber, 1865. An election by ballot shall be annually held LIBEARY. 77 to fill the vacancy thus occurring, and the member then to be elected shall serve for three years. Any vacancy occurring by resignation, death, or other- wise before the expiration of the term of service of some of the members, shall be filled for the remainder of the term of the member whose place shall have become va- cant, by an election by ballot. The hbrary committee shall have the general charge and direction of all matters concerning the library, sub- ject always to the orders and control of the board of trustees. They shall make such regulations as they shall deem from time to time requisite and proper re- specting the use of the library. They shall direct the purchases of books, and shall control and direct all ex- penditures of the moneys appropriated for the library. They may dispose of dupHcates of works contained therein either by sale or otherwise. The library commit- tee shall meet statedly at least four times a year, and also specially whenever called together by a written notice (of at least two days) either signed by two mem- bers of the committee to the third, or signed by the sec- retary upon written request of two members of the com- mittee. Two members of the committee shall be a quorum competent to transact business at any meeting whereunto the members shall have been duly summoned ; subject, however, to such regulations as shall have been made by the committee.' The librarian shall be secretary of the committee, and shall keep in an appropriate book the minutes of the pro- ceedings, which shall be laid before the trustees, and read from time to time to the board. He shall give to each member of the committee a written notice of at least two days of the time and place of every meeting of the committee. He shall at the end of every year pre- pare and submit to the committee a full report of the condition of the hbrary, of its increase, and of any losses 78 LTBRABY. or changes in the condition during the year together with any suggestions he may deem proper to recommend or submit with regard to its improvement or its manage- ment, which report shall be entered at length upon the minutes of the committee and read therewith to the board of trustees. The Hbrarian shall observe rigidly, and shall enforce, the rules and regulations that shall be from time to time adopted by the library committee. No debt shall be con- tracted for the library without the authority of the library committee. Upon the election of the committee author- ized and established by the foregoing resolution, the hbrary committee heretofore existing shall cease and be discontinued, except so far as shall be necessary to close its business, and to make report thereof to the board of trustees. AH rules and regulations heretofore made by this board, and now in existence, respecting the persons en- titled to the use of the hbrary, shall be continued until otherwise ordered. EEGULATIONS FOR THE LIBRARY. 1838, April 4. Under the authority conferred by the resolution of the trustees of April 2, 1838, given above, the committee on the library estabhshed the following regulations, under date of AprU 4, 1838 : 1. The library shall be open from the hour of noon until 3 o'clock p. m., every day [while the college is in session, except Saturday and Sunday, and holidays established by statute.] Subsequently amended by striking out the words in brackets, and substituting, "except Sunday, while the college is in session." [2. The persons allowed to take out books are the trustees and officers of the college, students of the senior, junior, and sophomore classes, graduates of the coUege, LIBEARY. 79 residing in the city, who contribute the sum of four dol- lars annually to the support of the library ; and those persons who by a donation to it of fifty dollars, or of books to that amount, have heretofore, or shall hereafter, become entitled to the use of it for life.] This rule has been rescinded, but no record is found of its abrogation. No persons are now permitted to take books from the library except such as are designated in the college statutes. 3. No person shall be allowed to take at one time more than one volume, if in folio or in quarto ; or one set, not exceeding three volumes, if in octavo or of less size. 4. A folio or a quarto may be retained four weeks ; an octavo three weeks ; and a duodecimo, or a volume of less size, two weeks. 5. Any person who shall detain a book longer than the time, above limited, respectively, shall forfeit and pay to the hbrarian, for the use of the library, for every day a volume is so detained, if it be a folio or a quarto, two cents ; if an octavo or volume of less size, one cent ; and until such payments be made shall not be permitted to take out any other book. 6. The above restrictions as to the number of books to be taken out, and the times for which they may be kept, shall not apply to officers of the college engaged in the instruction of its students ; yet they, as well as all other persons, shall be requked to return whatever books they have belonging to the college, so that they may be in their places on the shelves on the third Tuesday in June of every year. 7. The librarian shall note, in a register to be kept for that purpose, the books delivered by him ; the persons who receive them ; the days on which they are taken and returned, together with whatever forfeitures may have been incurred. 80 LIBRAEY. 8. Books which, as containing fine engravings, or oth- erwise, are of great value, shall be marked in the cata- logue with an asterisk, and shall not be taken out [with- out the written permission of the president.] Subsequently amended by inserting after the word " value " the words, "or which are subjects of frequent reference, as lexicons, cyclopedias, atlases, &c.," and after the word " shall," immediately following, the words " un- der the direction of the library committee." Also, by striking out the words included in brackets, and substi- tuting in their place the words " of the hbrary." 9. No person shall, without permission of the hbrarian, remove books from the shelves, nor take from the hbrary any book not delivered to him for that purpose by the librarian, who shall observe the condition of every book when given out and when returned ; and the person in whose possession a book shaU have sustained any injury, shaU repair the same, or make satisfaction therefor, before he can take out any other book. [In case any book shall not be duly returned, the person in default shaU pay its value to the librarian, or if it made part of a set, the full value of such set, the remainder of which may thereupon be taken by the person so pa3dng for the same.] Subsequently amended by striking out the words in brackets. 10. Each candidate for the degree of A. B. shall pro- duce to the president a certificate from the librarian that he has returned in good order every book that he has taken out ; or in default thereof, has paid its value ; or if it made part of a set, the full value of such set, the remain- der of which may thereupon be taken by the person so paying for the same. This rule has been rescinded, probably at the same time with rule 2. The statutes at present provide for the cases it was intended to meet. 11. All books taken out withia the four weeks next pre- ceding the third Tuesday in July, of every year, shall be LIBEAEY. 81 taken under an engagement to return the same previous to tliat day. [The hbrarian shall on that day annually lay before the president a written statement of the con- dition of the library, together with the names of those who retain books that should have been returned, or who are otherwise in default as regards the library. He shall endeavor to have, on that day, every book belonging to the library in its place.] Subsequently amended by substituting "June" for "July," and in place of the sentence in brackets the fol- lowing, viz. : " The librarian shall endeavor to have on that day every book belonging to the library in its place." 12. During the interval between the said third Tuesday in July and the ensuing commencement, no books shall be taken from the library. This has been rescinded ; but the statutes of the col- lege provide that no books shall be taken from the hbrary during the interval between the third Tuesday of June and the end of the summer vacation, except such as may be taken by members of the board of the college, in con- formity with the regulations. 13. In the annual report on the condition of the library, the hbrarian shaU render an account to the library com- mittee of all moneys received by him for fines and for- feitures, annual contributions, donations, on the exchange and sale of books, or otherwise, as librarian. He shall take care that the hbrary be at all times well aired, and guarded against moisture, and, as far as possible, from dust. He shall see that it is carefully cleaned from time to time, as may be needed. He shall permit no loud con- versation or other noise within it, that may disturb those engaged in study or research. He shall make a suitable arrangement of the books upon the shelves ; shall letter or number each volume in such a manner as to indicate its place ; and shall maintain a correct and complete catalogue of all books belonging to the library, and therein so denote them by their respective letters and numbers that any book may readily be found. 6 82 LIBRAEY. 14. A list of all donations to the library, together with the names of donors, shall be entered in a book provided for that purpose, which shall be placed on a table in the library, and remain there for inspection. The board of trustees has several times had under con- sideration the subject of the library regulations ; but ex- cept while the statutes were under revision, the board has rarely interfered with the action of the library committee. A select committee on the rules was created in 1861, as 1861, Oct. 14. follows : Besolved, That it be referred to a special committee of three members of this board to consider the state of the library, and the rules for the regulation of the same, and to recommend any measures which they may consider 1861, Dec. 2. expedient. The committee appointed under this resolution recom- mended the maintenance of the existing rules, with the subjoined modifications : Eule 5 to read as follows : 5. The above restrictions, as to the number of books, and the time for which they may be kept, shall not apply to officers of the college engaged in the instruction of its students. These officers, if desirous of retaining during the vacation books held by them previously to commence- ment, shall be permitted, on written order signed by the president and the acting chairman of the library com- mittee and left with the librarian, so to retain them, along with such other publications as they may require, not exceeding in all twenty volumes for the use of each officer of instruction applying for the same. Rule 11, to be amended by inserting after the word " library," line six, the words " and a duphcate taken be- fore the hbrary committee ;" and to be further amended in the last clause, by inserting the word "authorized," be- fore the word " place." LIBRAEY. 83 Rule 13, to be amended by inserting after the word " librarian," in the fiftli line, " In this annual report to the library committee, the librarian shall state fully and clearly the number, names, and disposition of the volumes lent out or otherwise to be accounted for. A duplicate of this report, with its proper detta, shall be posted up conspicuously, in some suitable place on the walls of the Ubrary, and shall remain thus exhibited until replaced by a subsequent report." This report was referred to the committee of the whole on the statutes, but the amendments were never incorpo- rated into the regulations. In the revised statutes, the objects aimed at by the amendments proposed to rule 11 and rule 13 have been substantially provided for. 1864, Jan. 11. Resolved, That it be referred to the library committee, to consider whether the rules in relation to the library may not be so modified as to give greater facilities to the professors. 1S64, Feb. 1. The committee reported against any modification of the rules, but submitted to the board the question of the propriety of keeping the library open an additional num- ber of hours daily, and also on Saturdays, and from time to time during the summer vacation. THE PRESIDENT TO BE A PERMANENT MEMBER OP THE LIBRAEY COMMITTEE. 1864, Dec. 5. Besolved, That the president of the college be a perma- nent member of the library committee. CONTROL OF EXPENDITURES. 1868, Feb. 3. Resolved, That hereafter aU bills for expenditures made on account of the general library be submitted, before payment, to the president for his approval ; provided that no bills for books or other additions to the collection be approved by the president without the certificate of the librarian, previously obtained, that the objects have been received by him. 84 MEDICINE, SCHOOL OF. MEDICINE, SCHOOL OF. 1S58, Feb. 1. It ha\diig been proposed to establish a school of medi- cine in connection with the college, a resolution was passed declaring that this board is not prepared at pres- ent to establish such a department, and therefore that it is inexpedient to entertain any proposal for that purpose. 1859, June 6. SCHEME OF mSTEUCTION. A communication was received from Dr. Edward Dela- field, president of the college of physicians and surgeons of the city of New York, and chairman of a committee appointed by the trustees of that institution for the pur- pose of opening a negotiation with the trustees of Co- lumbia college, with a view of effecting, if possible, a union of the two institutions, proposing such union with the following provisions : 1. That each college remain an independent corpora- tion, governing itself and not responsible for the acts of the other ; but acting in concert with the other when ne- cessary. 2. That the trustees of the coUege ■ of physicians and surgeons shall have the right, by amendment to their charter, to fill their own vacancies and to appoint their professors and teachers. 3. That the degree of doctor of medicine be conferred by the joint act of the two bodies, on the recommenda- tion of the coUege of physicians and surgeons. "Whereupon a committee of conference was appointed, consisting of Messrs. Betts, Euggles, Torrey, Jones, and Bradford. 1859, June 22. The committoe of conference reported that the present charter of the college of physicians and surgeons is held from the regents of the university, and that in order to form an aUiance with this college, it wiU be necessary to MEDICINE, SCHOOL OF. 85 obtain from the regents a new or modified charter.' The committee also reported a form of charter which it had been proposed to ask from the regents, and recommended the passage of the following resolutions, which were there- upon adopted : Resolved, Should the regents of the university confer on the trustees of the college of physicians and surgeons, without material alteration, the proposed modified char- ter now presented to this board, that this board will adopt the said college of physicians and surgeons as the medi- cal school of Columbia college. Resolved, That this board will confer the degree of doc- tor of medicine on such of the graduates of the said med- ical school or college of physicians and surgeons [as shall be recommended to them for such degree by the trustees of said college] ;* and that the diplomas shall be publicly conferred by the president of the medical college sitting with the president of this college ; and shall be signed by the presidents of the respective colleges, and such other of the faculty as may be designated by by-laws or resolu- tions. Resolved, That this board vnll take all necessary measures in conference with the trustees of the said col- lege of physicians and surgeons, and in conformity with their charter, to carry out the objects of the above reso- lutions. Resolved, That the said connection shall continue during the pleasure of this board, and may be terminated by a vote of this board, and notice thereof given to the trustees of physicians and surgeons and to the regents of the university. Resolved, That this connection shall be without preju- dice to the independence of this college, and that this * The words in brackets are not in the original minute. They are re- quired by the construction, and also by the 3d of the conditions proposed in Dr. Delafield's communication. 86 MEDICINE, SCHOOL OF. college does not admit or recognize thereby the right of visitation in the regents of the University to any parts or institutions of Columbia college except the above school of medicine. The regents appear to have entertained some doubt as to their competency to grant a charter in the form desired; and at the suggestion of a committee of that body the college of physicians and surgeons resorted to the legislature for such modification of their existing charter as should enable them to enter into the proposed aUiance with Columbia college. An act was accordingly passed on the 24th of March, 1860, in conformity with the wishes of the petitioners. I860, June 4. 'J'Jjq committec of conference on the part of Columbia college reported to the board on the 4th of June, 1860, that by the action of the legislature all difficulties in the way of union had been removed ; and that the joint com- mittee of conference of the two colleges had resolved to recommend a union of the two institutions to take place on conditions embraced in the following resolutions : Resolved, That the board of trustees of Columbia college hereby adopts the college of physicians and surgeons in the city of New York as the medical school of Columbia college. Resolved, That the diplomas of the degree of doctor of medicine shall be conferred by the president of the college of physicians and surgeons, sitting with the president of Columbia college, and shall be signed by the presidents of the respective colleges, and such other of the faculty as may be designated from time to time by by-laws or resolutions of the college of physicians and surgeons. Resolved, That this connection shall be continued dur- ing the pleasure of the respective boards of trustees of the two colleges, and may be determined by a vote of either board, and notice thereof given to the other board of trustees. MEEIT EOLLS— METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 87 W-hereupon the resolutions were adopted, and tlie col- lege of physicians and surgeons of the city of New York became the school of medicine of Columbia college. MEEIT ROLLS. 1856, Oct. 6. Resolved, That any professor of the college may, at the end of each term, prepare in printed form, a list of those students who have acquitted themselves well in his department, showing alike thek relative and absolute scholarship, and transmit the same to the president, who shall cause the same to be sent to the parents or guard- ians of the students named in such list. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 1820, Nov. 18. By resolution adopted November 18, 1820, the professor of natural and experimental philosophy and chemistry was instructed to keep a strictly accurate meteorological journal, open to the mspection of the president, professors, and trustees of the college, and any other persons by their permission ; and that in the absence of such professor this duty shall devolve upon the professor of mathe- matics. Resolved, That a sum not exceeding one hundred dol- lars be appropriated for fitting up a room in the college, to be occupied by a person designated by the president to keep the meteorological observations. Resolved, That the professor of general chemistry be authorized to employ a skilled assistant in his laboratory, whose duty shall be not only to aid him in the business of his department, but also to keep the meteorological record for the college and the regents of the university, at an annual salary of five hundred dollars, to be paid on the usual college quarter-days. 1865, Jan. 9. 1865, Oct. 9. MILITARY EDUCATION. MILITARY EDUCATION. 1862, Feb. 3. A communication was received from the regents of the university suggesting the creation of a department of military instruction in the college. It was read and re- ferred to the faculty pf the college to report their views, with the request that, should they approve the proposi- tion, they should report a scheme or plan for carrying out the design. 1862, March 3. The president presented a report, prepared by a com- mittee of the faculty, on the proposition to introduce military instruction into the college, which had been re- ferred to them at the meeting of February 3. The report disapproved the proposition — first, on the score of time ; secondly, because of the incongruity of the systems of military and civilian education ; and thirdly, because, so far as instruction in science is concerned, the proposed plan is needless. The faculty, however, admitted the benefit which might result from a system of military drill in respect to the development and invigoration of the physical system ; but suggested that the same advantages might be secured by the erection of a gymnasium, and a provision for a system of military gymnastic exercises, including the noble science of defence, boxing and fenc- ing. The report was adopted as expressing the sense of the board, with the exception of the part relating to a gym- nasium ; and it was ordered that the part so adopted be transmitted to the regents. The portion relating to a gymnasium was referred to a special committee to report. 1862, April 7. The Committee on the proposition to establish a gym- nasium, and school of military exercises, boxing and fencing, reported unfavorably, but asked to be continued. 1862, Oct. 6. The minutes make no further mention of this com- mittee, but on the 6th October, 1862, the sum of three hundred and fifty dollars was appropriated for estabHsh- MTLITAEY EDUCATION—MINES, SCHOOL OF. 89 ing and fiirnisliing a fencing-room, and for the salary of a teacher for six months. Appropriations were subse- quently made, January 5, 1863, and June 23, 1863, for the further payment of the teacher ; and on the 5th of October, 1863, it was— 1863, Oct. 5. Resolved, That the preatdent have permission, in his discretion, to employ a fencing-master for the ensuing year, on the same terms as were authorized for the past year. In the exercise of his discretion under this resolution, the president discontinued the school of fencing after the close of the academic year ending June 29, 1864. This was not the first time that the expediency of in- troducing gymnastic exercises into the college had been brought before the board; for in October, 1859, the fol- lowing resolution on the subject was introduced and passed : 1859, Oct. 3. Resolved, That it be referred to the standing committee to examine and report as to the expediency of introduc- ing gymnastic exercises into the college, and the proba- ble expense thereof. The committee appear never to have reported on the subject. MINES, SCHOOL OF. 1863, April 1. A communication having been made in relation to a plan of Mr. Thomas Egleston, jr., for estabhshing a school of mmes and metallurgy in connection with the college, and it having been suggested that the legislature had in contemplation a design of making a large grant of lands for the purpose of aiding scientific investigation, the subject of the expediency of establishing such school and of procuring a grant of land from the legislature was referred to a select committee, to report. 90 MIKES, SCHOOL OF. Mr. Betts, Mr. Strong, and Dr. Torrey were appointed the committee. 1863, May 4. iji^e committee to whom it was referred to consider the expediency of establishing a school of mines and metal- lurgy as part of the post-graduate instruction of the col- lege, respectfully report : That the establishment of such school would, in their opinion, promote the interests of this college and of the community at large ; but that its complete organization with the necessary apparatus, collections, &c., would re- quire an outlay estimated at between seventeen and eighteen thousand dollars, and is therefore not expedient at the present time. The committee are of opinion, however, that the nucleus of such school may be formed at inconsiderable cost to the college, and so as to be capable of expansion when- ever the means of the college shall permit. They there- fore recommend that rooms be selected and set apart for the use of such school within the present college building, that post-graduate or university professors of analytical chemistry, of mining and metallurgy, and of mineralogy and geology, and instructors in the german and french languages be appointed ; such professors and instructors to be compensated whoUy by fees ; and that the collections and apparatus belonging to the college be used for the purposes of instruction in the school, under such regula- tions as wUl prevent any interference in the under-grad- uate course. The committee beg leave further to recommend the adoption of the following resolution : Resolved, That the recommendations of the foregoing report be approved, and that it be referred back to the committee to report the details of the proposed organiza- tion ; to nominate professors and instructors in the several departments of the school ; and to report what portion of the college building can most conveniently be set apart for its iise, and what amount w^ill be required to fit them up for that purpose. MINES, SCHOOL OF. 91 The resolution, as reported, was adopted. 1863, Dec. 21. The committee remind the board that in their report of May last, they recommended the establishment of a school of mines as Hkely, in their opinion, to promote the interests of the college and those of the community at large, but added that the complete organization of such a school, with the necessary apparatus, collections, &c., would not be expedient at the present time. The committee believe, however, that the nucleus of such a school may be formed at inconsiderable expense, so as to be capable of expansion hereafter. They there- fore recommend that rooms be selected in the college building for a mineralogical and geological cabinet. They state further that a member of the board of trustees has already presented, as a beginning for such a cabinet, an extensive collection of minerals ; and that there is also a promise of numerous valuable specimens from the Smith- sonian institution in the event of a school of mines being established in this college. The committee further re- commend that there be appointed a professor of mineral- ogy and geology in their applications to mining, without salary, but to be entitled to the fees which he may receive from his pupils. They also recommend that, in order to promote the objects herewith presented, the sum of dollars be appropriated to the fitting up of cases for min- eralogical and geological specimens, to the payment of express charges, and for labor. Whereupon it was — Resolved, That a professor of mineralogy and geology in their application to mining, without salary, be appointed, and that he be entitled to receive fees under regulations hereafter to be established. Resolved, That the sum of five hundred dollars be ap- propriated for the purpose of fitting up cases for mineral- ogical and geological specimens, the payment of express charges, and labor. Resolved, That the committee be continued, with in- structions to prepare rules and regulations on the above 92 MINES, SCHOOL OF. subjects, to be submitted to this board, and to nominate to tliis board professors and instructors in the french and german languages, to be compensated wholly by fees, 1864, jau. 11. Resolved, That the committee on a school of mines be authorized to nominate to this board a professor of mineralogy and metallurgy, and a professor of mining engineering in the proposed school of mines, in lieu of the professor of mines and metallurgy, as recommended at the last meeting of the board. DONATION BY GEO. T. STRONG, ESQ. 1864, Miirch 7. It appearing to the board from the proceedings of the committee on the school of mines, to be inspected by committee of visitation 154 of standing committee, to be read at stated meetings of trustees. . . . 139 .> .1 " not to be read at special meeting of trustees. 149 " of board of trustees, demanded by regents of university 109 K " " demand for, not compUed with 109 PAGE Minutes of board of tmstees, copy from 1784 to 1787 for regents 109 " " " to be transcribed 109 " " " report to regents not to be entered on 151 Models for astronomical department, appropriation for 10 " for school of mines, appropriation for 101 Modem languages, professorships in, proposed 53 " " attendance of classes in 57, 110 " " instructors in, for school of mines 90, 92 " literature, history of, to be taught 64 Modification of certain leases to be allowed 141 MoflPat scholarships 135 Moral and intellectual philosophy, history of, to be taught 64 " " " prof, of, to teach hist, and polit. econ. ... 66 " " " " " evidences, and logic 118 " '^ " subjects to be taught in department of. .. . 119 " " " salary of prof . of — see "Appropriations." Movable property, inventory of, to be made 66 Municipal law, professor of — see "Law." Natural history, lyceum of, to have rooms in the college Ill " " professorship of, proposed 52 New corporation of school of mines proposed 96 Observatories, appropriation for visiting 10 Observatory, astronomical Ill, 112 Occupations, professors not to engage in other than collegiate 121, 123 Office, tenure of, for instructors in university course 59, 60 Order, rules of, for meetings of trustees 146 — 149 Order of business at meetings of trustees 146 Ordinances, observance of, to be reported upon by standing committee 139 Organist, salary of 128, 129, 131, 132 PaliBontology, appropriation for department of 34 Papers of board of trustees to be marked and indexed 109 Parents failing to pay tuition fees of sons, to be reported 112 Party walls, agreement for erection of, to be made with tenants 142 Penalty for not wearing academic dress 155 Permanent financial policy 32 Philosophy, degree of bachelor of 105, 108 " " doctor of, proposed 105 " moral and intellectual, history of, to be taught 64 " " " subjects assigned to department of 119 " " " professor of, to teach evidences of Chris- tianity and logic 118 " " " chair of, united with another 119 ' ' natural, and chemistry, professor of, to keep meteorological ob- servations 87 Physical apparatus, appropriation for purchase of 11 Physical and commercial geography, professorship of, proposed 52 192 INDEX. PAGE Physical and natural science, annual advancement proposed to be reported. . 52 Physics, department of, appropriation for 12, 13, 33 expediency of abolishing referred 64 to be continued 64 subjects assigned to 119 subjects in, to be taught without use of calculus 64 text-books to be used in 64 Physics, in school of mines, by whom to be taught 99 Physiology and anatomy, proposed course of, in college, declined 65 " " elementary, to be taught in law school 73 Physiology and natural history, professorship of, proposed 52 Place of meeting of trustees 145, 150 Plan of instruction for the mining school adopted 108 Political economy assigned to professor of philosophy and literature 65 Portraits of emeritus professors to be painted 123 " " " to be formally introduced into the college . . . 125 Post graduate course — see "Instruction." Practical chemistry, department of, discontinued 19 Prayers, collection of, committee to make 163 " daily, to be said during examinations 9 " faculty to attend 14 " attendance of faculty at, to be reported 112 " , application for excuse from, denied ; 156 Preparatory year in school of mines established 108 President authorized to purchase apparatus and books 11 " " to prepare general catalogue of the college 17, 18 " to see that conveniences for cloaks, etc., are furnished 23 ' ' with committee of trustees to make arrangements for commencement. 24 " to receive fees for diplomas 25 " to make arrangements for instruction in elocution 27, 153 " ' to report names of delinquents in paying tuition fees 29, 112 " with treasurer allowed to remit tuition fees 30 ' ' to make publication concerning free tuition 36 " to select lot in Greenwood cemetery and enclose it 42 " to give permits for burial in college lot 42 " discretionary power of, concerning intermissions, inquiry about 44 " to report resolutions concerning working laboratory to faculty 46 ',' to report schemes of attendance — see "Attendance. " ' ' to give notice of university course of instruction 61 ' ' to report results of university course . . ; 63 " to report text-book in ancient geography 65 " to obtain catalogue of apparatus belonging to college 66 " a member of law library committee 67 " to allow use of library to certain members of freshman class 75 " a member of committee on college library 76, 83 " to control expenditures for college library 83 " to assist in conferring degrees in medical department 85, 86 " to sign diplomas for degree of doctor of medicine 85, 86 INDEX. 193 President to transmit merit rolls to parents 87 " report of, on military education 88 " authorized to employ a fencing master 89 " authorized to purchase copies of reports for presentation 94 " report of, on proTiding for instruction in mining school 99 " to control general expenditures for mining school 101 " report of, on degrees in school of mines 104 " authorized to permit certain mining students to attend without charge 107 " to report attendance of faculty at prayers 112 " appropriation to furnish house of \ 35, 112 " authorized to employ a secretary 112 " to instruct in the evidences of religion 113 " to have direction of tutor in rhetoric and belles-lettres 118 " to report on extra collegiate occupations of professors 121, 122 '* not to receive any portion of tuition fees 128 '* with treasurer, to have college seal engraved and transferred 134 " to provide accommodations for college societies 137 " to report on expediency of suppressing secret societies 138 " to report on applications for transfer from class to class 144 " not to be a member of committee of visitation 154: " report of, concerning the intermediate examination 157 " reports resolutions on prize fellowships and scholarships 158 " annual water-tax on house of, to be paid by treasurer 166 " salary of — see " Appropriations for salaries." Printing, appropriations for 12, 33, 34, 68, 101 Prizes, college, appropriation for 33 " in declamation, discontinued 24, 31, 116 ' ' in german established 57, 110, 116 " in greek established 117 " seminary, founded by Dr. McVickar 114 " " regulations concerning 114, 115 " " privileges of successful candidates for 115 '• " payment of, by whom made US « " amount of, if not bestowed, specially appropriated 116 " of the alumni association 116 " law school, appropriation for 34, 67 «' " regulations concerning 68 — 72 '• " to consist of what 71 <• " committee on, of whom composed 70 «« " system of, modified 72 " mining school, appropriation for 34 Prize fellowships, proposal to establish 158 " " to be open to whom 158 " " examinations for l59 " scholarship in theological seminary granted the college 113 " scholarships in imiversity course, appropriation for, proposed 52 " '« «' »' provided for 56 13 194 INDEX. PAGE Prize scholarsMps and prizes 113 " " proposal to establish three 160 " " to be open to whom 160, 161 " " examinations for 161 Professional and artistic schools proposed 51 Professors to wear gowns 9, 155 ' ' to attend all examinations i 9 " to have control of expenditures for their departments. 10, 11, 12, 19, 101 ' ' to attend daily prayers 14 ' ' of school of law and medicine to be named in catalogue 18 ' ' to attend public exhibitions 24 ' ' to have right of burial in college lot at Greenwood 42 " to hold their titles, etc. , liable to modifications 49 " invited to suggest improvements in college plan of education 49 " of science to report annual advancement of their subjects, proposed 52 " number of hours of attendance of > 55, 117 ' ' to lecture in university course 55 ' ' in university course, to make examinations 60 ' ' to receive fees in university course 61, 63 ' ' to make catalogue of apparatus under their charge 66 " certain, to lecture in law school 67 " exempt from certain Ubrary regulations 79, 82 " allowed to prepare merit roUs of classes under them 87 ' ' certain, to instruct in mining school 99, 100 " duties of certain, about to be appointed 118 " assignment of subjects to 119 " extra-collegiate occupations of, to be inqtiired into 121, 122 " emeritus, order of, created 123 " " privileges and hoiiors of 123, 124 " " certain, elected 124, 125 " to have a reading room 125 ' ' to pay for repairs of their houses 126 " to have discretionary power respecting reviews of studies 126 ' ' sons of, exempt from paying tuition money 38 ' ' salaries of — see ' ' Appropriations for salaries. " " for other particulars —see the various departments. Professorship of American history proposed 52 " of chemistry added to faculty of arts 118 " of geology proposed 52 " of law estabhshed 117 " " trustees to make regulations concerning 117 " of modern" languages proposed 53 " of natural history and physiology proposed 52 " of physical and commercial geography proposed 52 Professorships, additional, proposed 50 " and professors 117 " order of emeritus, created 123 Property and revenues of the college , to be reported on by standing committee 139 " movable, inventory of, to be made 66 ESTDEX. 195 Eailway engineering, instruction in, to be given 99 Beading room to be fitted up for professors 125 Eeal estate, expenditures for .- 35 Eegents, report to, not to be entered on minutes 151 Eegistrar of the school of mines to be appointed 107 Eegulations concerning exaroinations and prizes in law school 68 — 72 for support of law school 72, 73 for the library 75, 78 for school of mines to be prepared 91 concerning seminary prizes 114, 115 and statutes, observance of, to be reported on by standing com- mittee 139 Eeligion, evidences of, by whom to be taught 113, 119 Eemoval of the college 48, 162 Bent for school of law 34, 72 " house, allowance to professors for ' 118, 128, 129, 130 Eents, arrears of, standing committee to look after 140, 143 " " treasurer to collect 144 Eepairs, appropriation for 33, 34 " of law school to be paid by the college 72 " committee on, to be annually appointed 126 " of houses of president and professors to be paid by themselves 126 " necessary, standing committee authorized to direct 140 " of houses of Drs. Torrey and Joy to be made 162 Eeport, annual, of the librarian 81, 83 ' ' on annual advancement of science, proposed 52 Eeports of professors on apparatus to be filed 66 " of committees of trustees to be in writing 149 " '< " to be entered on minutes 149 " '< ^ " to be accompanied by resolutions 149 ' ' of various committees — see the committees. Eesident students, expediency of providing for 48 Eesolutions of board of trustees, president to make synopsis of 7 " and rules of the board, clerk to collect . . . ; 149 Retrenchment measures of 1861 31, 128 Eevelation and science, mutual connection and support of, proposed to be taught 51 Eevenues of the college to be reported upon by standing committee 139 Eeviews of studies, how to be conducted 126 Ehetoric, tutor in, to be under direction of president 118 EoUs of merit 18, 87 Eoom to be fitted up for a keeper of meteorological observations 87 .« " as a place of resort for college instructors. 125 " to be provided for libraries of college societies 138 Eooms for resident students, expediency of providing 48 " to be set apart in college for mining school 90 " for lyceum of natural history granted Ill 196 INDEX. PAGE Eules of order of board of trustees 146 — 149 • ' and resolutions of board of trustees, clerk to collect 149 Safe to be provided for clerk of trustees 109 Salaries, titles, etc. , of professors to be held liable to modifications 49 " of certain professors to be appointed fixed 118 " " " " " when to take effect 119 " inquiry as to the amount that ought to be paid 127 " " whether they should depend on fees 127 " made payable quarterly 127 ' ' amounts deducted from, to be refunded 129 " of college officers- — see " Appropriations for salaries." Salary of professor Lieber to be paid out of the general fund 130 Schemes of study and attendance — see ' ' Attendance. " Scholarships, free — see " Free scholarships. " Scholarships in university course 52, 56 Moffat 135 " prize — see " Prize scholarships." Scholarships and fellowships, appropriation for 33 School, grammar — see " Grammar school." School of jurisprudence — see "Jurisprudence." " law — see "Law." " letters— see "Letters." " mines — see " Mines." " science — see "Science." " practical science, propriety of establishing 63 Schools, free scholarships allowed certain 134 " separate professorial and artistic proposed 50 Science, bachelor of, proposed to bestow degree of 53 " elective course of, for senior class 53, 55, 63 " to be duly recognized in revised course of instruction 50 ' ' physical and natural, annual advancement of, proposed to be reported. 52 " propriety of establishing school of practical 63 ' ' school of, in university course, adopted 55 " " lectures in, by whom given 55, 60 " " subjects to be taught in 58 " " instruction in, where given 60 Science and art of education to be taught 59 Science and revelation, mutual connection and support of, proposed to be taught 51 Scientific collections, etc., room for, in new college buildings 51 Seal of the college, adopted by governors of King's college 133 " " new, adopted by regents of the university 133, 165 " " original, adopted by trustees of Columbia 133, 165 " " exergue of 133 •' " to be engraved and transferred ". 134 " " detailed account of 162 " " description of the device of 163 INDEX. 197 Seal of the college to be affixed to certain documents : ^^'^^ " to leases executed by standing committee 16. 23, 139 " to diplomas for honorary degrees 25 " to diplomas for degrees in the law school 71 " to certificates of law school prizes 71 " to a memorial respecting land grants by congress 93 " to communications to certain schools and to certain authorities 94 ' ' to agreements with tenants respecting party walls 142 ' ' to certain modifications of leases 142, 143 " to certain instruments relating to investments 143 " to warrants reqiiired by treasurer for collection of rent '. . . 144 " to appointments of attorneys by treasurer 145 Secretary, president authorized to appoint 112 Secretary of the president to be paid monthly 133 Secret societies, inquiry as to their suppression 138 Semi-annual exhibition, college societies to be represented in . . 24 " " to be discontinued 24, 31, 116 Seminary prizes founded by Dr. McVickar , 114, 115 Senior class allowed to visit manufacturing works, etc 22 ' ' allowed three courses of elective study 55 ' ' three courses of elective study for, discontinued. 63 " number of hours of attendance of 54 " to be instructed in constitutional law ... 118 Sessions, length of, in university course 60 " " in mining school !.' . . . . 103 Sinking fund provided for. 33 " to be invested 35 Site for astronomical observatory, committee on, appointed Ill " " " obtainable in central park 112 " for a church to be reserved in botanical garden property 14, 22 " for college buildings to be designated in botanical garden property 17 " " " to be elsewhere sought 17, 162 Smithsonian institution, donation of minerals of 92 " " thanks to 92 " " agreement with, respecting minerals 136 " minerals, appropriation for classifying 137 Societies, college, appropriation for 33, 137 " " to be represented at semi-annual exhibition 24 <« " to have room for their libraries 138 " secret, inquiry as to their suppression 138 Society for promotion of religion and learning, prize scholarship of 113 it " " " to have two free scholarships 114 Sophomore class, to be taught elementary chemistry 118 " " to attend in german 110 Spanish, professorship of, proposed 53 " classes in, to be formed when expedient 57, 110 Special committees of trustees to be appointed by chairman 149 " examination for honors proposed 157 " meetings of trustees, inquiry as to authority and practice of. 150 198 INDEX- PAGE Specimens, mineralogical and geological, appropriation for 101 Sports and games of students, provision for '. 138 Standing committee : ' ' appointment of 138 duties of 139 " to report condition of botanic garden property 14 " to contract loan for regulating botanic garden property 14 " report concerning leasing botanic garden property 15 " to prepare blank leases for botanic garden property 16 " to execute leases for botanic garden property 16 " to report concerning temporary accommodations for college 16 " to designate site for college in botanic garden property 17 ' ' reserve lots for a church in botanic garden property 22 ' ' authorized to lease the reserved lots 23 ' ' report concerning transfer of students from class to class 30 " recommend discontinuance of separate account of Gebhard fund ... 37 to select lot in Greenwood cemetery 41, 42 ' ' report concerning burials in the coUege lot 42 ' ' to put in order Dr. Torrey's house 43, 162 " to report concerning gymnastic exercises 89 " to audit accounts for broken apparatus 102 " to relieve dean of mining school from certain expenses 103 ' ' to provide reading-room for college instructors 125 " authorized to set apart playground in the upper estate 138 " to be appointed by ballot 139 " time of service of members 139 " authorized to consent to transfer of leases 139, 141 " minutes of, to be read at stated meetings of trustees 139 ' ' to audit and authorize payment of bills for ordinary gupplies 140 " to direct necessary repairs 140 ' ' authorized to sell a certain lot of stone 140 " ' ' to apply to legislature for certain powers 140 " " to petition city corporation to fence certain lots 140 " " to prosecute for arrears of rent, etc 140, 141 " " to compound with certain tenants 141, 143 " consent of, to transfer of leases, confirmed. 141 " authorized, with treasurer, to agree to extension of time on college bonds -. 141 " to audit bills for departments of instruction, before paid 141 " authorized to dismiss certain agents and employ others 141 " " to agree for erection of party walls 142 " " to modify certain leases on conditions 142 " " to place a tablet in anteroom of library . . .• 142 " " to empower treasurer to invest certain moneys 142 " " to empower treasurer to convert certain investments. . . 142 " " to waive forfeiture of certain leases 143 " " to lease lots between 49th and 50th streets 143 " " to repair president's house 143 INDEX. 199 Standing committee : page " authorized to enforce rights of college as to arrears of rents 143 ' ' minutes of, not read, at special meetings of trustees 149 ' ' authorized to repair houses of professors Torrey and Joy 162 Stated meetings of trustees, inquiry as to practice and authority of 150 Statute regulating the course of study, adopted 55 Statutes, observance of, to be reported upon by standing committee 139 Statutes of trustees, interleaved, to be kept on table at trustees' meetings .... 145 Stocks, bonds, etc., treasurer to collect interest on 145 Strong, George T. , donation of, to mining school 92 thanks to 92 Students admitted after opening of college, fees of 30 " transfer of, to higher class, fees of 30 " " " conditions requisite for 144 Studies, reviews of, how conducted 126 Study, statute on course of, adopted 55 ' ' elective course of, for senior class 55, 63 ' ' additional subjects of, in law school 67, 73 ' ' five courses of, in mining school, authorized 108 " and attendance, schemes of — see "Attendance." Subjects in university course assigned to college ofl&cers 56 " to be taught in the schools of the university course 58 ' ' of study, additional, in the law school 67, 73 " assigned to the several professors, 1857 119 Supplies, appropriation for 12, 13, 33, 34, 101 ' ' bills for ordinary, standing committee to direct payment of. 140 Support of law school, regulations for 72, 73 " of mining school, appropriation for 96, 97, 100 Surplus income to be set apart as a sinking fund 33 " ' ' to be invested 35 Surrender of leases allowed in certain cases 141, 143 Surveying instruments, appropriation for 11 " appropriation for department of 12, 33 Sym, John, tablet to, to be placed in anteroom of library 142 Tax, for water in president's house 165 Taxes, appropriation for 35 " etc., arrears of, standing committee to look after 141 Tenants, certain, allowed to compound for rent, etc 141, 143 " " " to surrender lease 141, 143 " " agreement with, respecting party walls. 142 " " allowed modification of leases 142, 143 " " " extension of time for building, 142 Tenure of office for instructors in university course 59, 60 Terms of instruction in mining school 103 " " university course 60 Text-book in ancient geography, president to report. . . 65 " books to be used in department of physics 64 Time of meeting of board of trustees. ... 145, 150 200 INDEX. PAGE Time of anniversaiy meeting of governors fixed by charter 162 Title of chair of chemistry in mining school changed 100 " of Dr. Lieber's professorship in law school fixed 74 Titles of professors of college instructing in mining school 100 " salaries, etc., of professors to be held liable to modifications 49 Torrey, Dr. John, herbarium and library of, accepted. . . 43 " " house to be put in order for. 43, 162 " " granted extension of time to reside in house 44 Transfer of leases, standing committee authorized to consent to 139, 144 " of students from class to class, conditions of. 30, 144 Treasurer, appropriation for office of 33 " to confer with standing committee about management of funds. . . 139 " accounts to be audited by standing committee 139 " authorized to agree to extension of time on coUege bonds 141 " authorized to substitute new bonds for old ones 141 " not to pay certain bills tiU audited by standing committee 141 " authorized to invest certain moneys 142 " authorized to convert certain investments 142 " authorized to collect rent in arrears 144 " authorized to receive tuition fees 144 " authorized to employ attorneys 145 ' ' authorized to receive interest on stocks, etc 145 " to pay an account for making and altering a seal 165 " to pay annual water tax on president's house 166 " to have table-drawers in trustees' room subdivided 166 Trustees, president to make synopsis of resolutions of board of 7 ' ' minutes of board of, from 1784 to 1787, demanded 109 " demand for minutes of, not complied with 109 " copy of minutes of, to be sent to regents of university 109 " minutes of, to be transcribed 109 " meetings of, not to be disturbed by entrance of persons 120, 166 " forfeiture of seat of any, from absence , 145 " new statutes of, to be kept on table at meetings 145 " day, hour, and place of meeting of the board of 145, 146 " rules df order at meetings of r 146 — 149 " order of business at meetings of 146 " clerk to collect permanent rules and resolutions in force 149 '' stated and special meetings of, authority for holding 150 " report of, to regents, not to be entered on minutes 151 " table-drawers of, to be provided with keys 166 ' ' table-drawers of, to be for their exclusive use 166 Tuition fees— see ' ' Fees . ' Tuition, free — see ' ' Free tuition. " Tutor in rhetoric and belles-lettres, to be under direction of the president. . . 118 " english Uterature appointed 152 «« greek and latin appointed 152 ' ' mathematics appointed 152 Tutors, expediency of appointing one or more inquired into 151 INDEX. 201 PAGE Tutors, faculty recommend appointment of four 151, 152 " to hare a seat at college board on certain occasions 152 ' ' to have no vote 152 ' ' three ordered to be appointed 152 Undergraduate course of instruction — see "Instruction." University convocation, faculty authorized to send delegates to 153 " regents of, right of visitation not recognized 86 University course — see "Instruction." Vacations, propriety of allowing president discretion respecting 44 " in school of mines , 104 Visitation of the college, committee of trustees for 28, 153 " " " right of regents to, not admitted 86 Walls, party, agreement as to erection of 142 Weights, etc. , memorial in favor of uniform system of ^ . . . . 154 Working laboratory proposed to be erected 20, 46 " " permitted at the college 20, 46 " " regulations concerning 20, 21 Year, fiscal, when to terminate 144 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 029 915 912 7 -J'.v./t^