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Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2010 with funding from 
 The Library of Congress 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/equestrianofficiOOIace 
 
> 
 
 The Equestrian Officials of Trajan 
 
 and Hadrian: Their Careers, 
 
 With Some Notes on 
 
 Hadrian's Reforms 
 
 A DISSERTATION 
 
 PRESENTED TO THE 
 
 FACULTY OF PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 
 
 IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE 
 
 OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 
 
 BY 
 
 RAYMOND HENRY LACEY 
 
 jl ilB|M OF CQSGS35S 
 
 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS 
 PRINCETON 
 
 LONDON : HUMPHREY MILFORD 
 
 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 
 
 1917 
 
The Equestrian Officials of Trajan 
 
 and Hadrian : Their Careers, 
 
 With Some Notes on 
 
 Hadrian's Reforms 
 
 A DISSERTATION 
 
 PRESENTED TO THE 
 
 FACULTY OF PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 
 
 IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE 
 
 OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 
 
 BY 
 
 RAYMOND HENRY LACEY 
 
 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS 
 PRINCETON 
 
 LONDON: HUMPHREY MILFORD 
 
 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 
 
 1917 
 
 . • PROPERTY OF 
 
.L.3 
 
 Published July, 19 17 
 
 Accepted by the Department of Classics 
 April, 1 91 5 
 
 Frinted in the United States of America 
 
 Gift 
 Tho Uai?eral*f 
 
PREFACE 
 
 The subject of this dissertation was suggested by Professor 
 Frank Frost Abbott and the work was done under his direc- 
 tion. I wish to express my appreciation of his unfailing 
 interest and helpful criticism. My thanks are also due to 
 Professors Stuart and Durham and Dr. Keyes for their 
 many slrggestions, and to Professor Fox, who has .kindly read 
 and criticized the proof sheets. I desire especially to make 
 grateful acknowledgment to Professor Edward Capps and 
 to Professor Abbott for their interest in all my work and for 
 their continued and most generous encouragement. 
 
 Raymond Henry Lacey. 
 August 14, 1916 
 Easton, Pa. 
 
 111 
 
ABBREVIATIONS 
 
 AE = R. Cagnat, L'annee epigraphique. Revue des publications 
 
 epigraphiques relatives a I'antiquite romaine, Paris, 1888-. 
 AP = Archiv fur Papyrusforschung und verivandte Gebiete, Leipzig, 
 
 1900-. 
 BGU = Griechische Urkunden aus den koniglichen Museen su Berlin, 
 
 Berlin, 1895-. 
 Cagnat, Armee =, R. Cagnat, L'armee romaine d'Afrique et V occupation 
 
 militaire de I'Afrique sous les empereurs, 2 ed., Paris, 1912. 
 Cagnat, Cours = R. iCagnat, Cours d'epigraphie latine, 4 ed., Paris, 
 
 1914. 
 Cantarelli = L. Cantarelli, La serie del prefetti di Egitto. I Da Otta- 
 
 viano Augusto a Diocleziano, Rome, 1906. 
 Chapot = V. Chapot, La province romaine proconsulate d'Asie depuis 
 
 ses origines jusqu'a la fin du haut-empire, Paris, 1904. 
 CIG = Corpus inscriptionum Graecarum, Berlin, 1828-1878. 
 CIL = Corpus inscriptionum Latinarum, Berlin, 1863-. 
 
 (Cited simply by number of volume and without the letters 
 
 CIL where no ambiguity would occur.) 
 Corp. Rain. = Corpus papyrorum Raineri, Vienna, 1895. 
 De Lessert = Pallu de Lessert, Fastes des provinces africaines, Paris, 
 
 1896. 
 Diz. ep. = H. de Ruggiero, Dizionario epigrafico di antichita Romane, 
 
 Rome, 1895-. 
 Diirr = J. Dairr, Die Reisen des Kaisers Hadrian, Vienna, 1881. 
 Eph. ep. = Ephemeris epigraphica. Corporis inscriptionum Latinarum 
 
 supplementum, Berlin, 1872-. 
 Friedlander == L. Friedlander, Darstellungen aus der Sittengeschichte 
 
 Roms in der Zeit von August bis zum Ausgang der Antonine, 6 
 
 Aufl., Leipzig, 1888. (The references are to the appendices, which 
 
 do not appear in the seventh edition.) 
 Hirschfeld, Verw. 1 = 0. Hirschfeld, Untersuchungen auf dem Ge- 
 biete der romischen V erwaltungsgeschichte , Berlin, 1877. 
 Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 = O. Hirschfeld, Die kaiserlichen Verwaltungs- 
 
 beamten bis auf Diocletian, 2 Aufl., Berlin, 1905. 
 IG =:Inscriptiones Graecae, Berlin, 1877-. 
 
 IGR = Inscriptiones Graecae ad res Romanas pertinentes, Paris, 1901-. 
 Jahreshefte = Jahreshefte des osterreichen archdologischen Instituts 
 
 in Wien, Vienna, 1898-. 
 Jung = J. Jung, Fasten der Provinz Dacien, Innsbruck, 1894. 
 Klein = J. Klein, Die V erwaltungsbeamten von Sicilien und Sardinien, 
 
 Bonn, 1878. 
 Liebenam, Laufbahn = W. Liebenam, Beitrdge zur Verwaltungsge- 
 
schichte des rbmischen Kaiserreichs. I Die Laufbahn der pro- 
 curatoren bis auf die Zeit Diocletians, Jena, 1886. 
 
 Liebenam, Legaten = W. Liebenam, Forschungen zur Verwaltungsge- 
 schichte des rbmischen Kaiserreichs. I Die Legaten in den 
 rbmischen Provinzen von Augustus bis Diocletian, Leipzig, 1888. 
 
 Marquardt = J. Marquardt, Rbmische Staatsverwaltung, 2 Aufl., Leip- 
 zig, 1881-5. 
 
 Mommsen, St. R. = Theodor Mommsen, Rbmisches Staatsrecht, 3 Aufl., 
 Leipzig, 1887-8. 
 
 Ox. Pap. = Oxyrhynchus Papyri, London, 1898-. 
 
 Peaks= Mary Bradford Peaks, The General Civil and Military Ad- 
 ministration of Noricum atvd Raetia, Chicago, 1907. 
 
 Plew = Plew, Quellenuntersuchungen zur Geschichte Kaisers Hadrian, 
 Strassburg, 1890. 
 
 Premerstein, Attentat = A. von Premerstein, Das Attentat der Kon- 
 sulare auf Hadrian im Jahre 118; in Klio achtes Beiheft, 1908. 
 
 Pros. = Prosopographia imperii Romani saec. I, II, III, Berlin, 
 
 1897-. 
 PW = Paulys, Real-Encyclopadie der classischen Alterthumswis- 
 
 senschaft, neue Bearbeitung, Wissowa-Kroll, Stuttgart, 1894-. 
 Rostowzew, Staatspacht = M. Rostowzew, Geschichte der Staatspacht 
 
 in der rbmischen Kaiserzeit bis Diocletian; in Philologus, 9. 
 
 Suppl.-Band, pp. 329-512. 
 Schulz = O. Schulz, Leben des Kaisers Hadrian. Quellenanalysen und 
 
 historische Untersuchungen, Leipzig, 1904. 
 Schurz = W. Schurz, De mutationibus in imperio Romano ordinando 
 
 ab imperatore Hadriano factis, Bonn, 1883. 
 Weber = W. Weber, Untersuchungen zur Geschichte des Kaisers 
 
 Hadrian, Leipzig, 1907. 
 (For the abbreviations n. and no., see Chapter I note 4; for the 
 
 meaning of the signs dagger [f] and star [*], see notes 2 and 3.) 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 The ancient writers who have left accounts of the reign of 
 the Emperor Hadrian ascribe to him many reforms in the 
 administration of the Roman Empire. Definite and interest- 
 ing conclusions regarding his reforms, which are independent 
 of the statements in ancient literature, can be drawn from a 
 comparison of the status of those who held particular offices 
 while Hadrian was emperor with the status of those who 
 held the same offices before he became emperor. Valuable 
 results can also be obtained through a study of the offices 
 existing during Hadrian's reign as compared with those which 
 existed previously. Since many of the administrative reforms 
 of this period affected the equestrian order, it is my purpose 
 in this paper to give a list of the equestrian officials who 
 served under Trajan and Hadrian, so far as their names are 
 known to us from ancient literature, inscriptions, and papyri, 
 in order that we may have a foundation for a comparative 
 study of the policies of these two emperors as they affected 
 the equites. Under the name of each official are given his 
 offices together with their dates, as nearly as they can be 
 determined. Much new material has been brought to light 
 since the publication of the Prosopographia imperii Romani, 1 
 and for this reason a considerable number of names new to 
 the prosopography of this period will be found in the present 
 list. 2 New facts also are given under many names already 
 known. 3 In the second chapter is given a brief discussion, 
 based on the material found in the first chapter, of the reforms 
 of Hadrian as they affected the equites. It is here shown 
 that several changes commonly attributed to Hadrian were 
 in fact made by Trajan. In a number of cases the state- 
 ments of the ancients are confirmed. Especially is this so 
 with regard to the traditional view that Hadrian employed 
 more of the equites in civil positions than his predecessors 
 had done. 
 
CHAPTER I 
 
 Careers of the Equestrian Officials Under Trajan 
 and Hadrian 
 
 i. fC. Pompeius Planta 
 
 IGR III 466 (Balbura, Lycia): 4 . . . &a Aov[k]lov Aoucicuro 
 
 '0[Kpea irptvfievTov twv] %e/3a<rT<av kcu av[T]i[(r]Tpa[T^]yov /cat [ . . . 
 HofiTrrjQov IIXavTa €7r[iT]/307ro[v]. 
 
 IGR I 1 1 54 (Ptolemais Hermiu) : 'Yirip AvTOKparopos Kcuo-a- 
 
 pos Nepova Tpaiavov 2,efia<TTOv TeppaviKov 'Aa-KXrjmm /cai "Yyictai t6v 
 vabv kou to tc/acvos c7r£<7Kevao-€v rj 7roAis €7rt ILofMrrjiov IIAavra i^ye/Aovos 
 e7TiO"T/3aT^yovvTOS KaA7rou/3Vtou 2a/3eivot>. 
 
 BGU I 226, I.9: 1-17? tov Kpario-Tov fjy€p,6vo(<;) [ILo]lATTr)LOV 
 IIXavTa (tT£i) /8' AvTOKpdropos Kaurapos Nepoua Tpatavov 2e/?a(rrov 
 rep/wiwKoS $ape(vu)0) a'. (Feb. 26, 99) 
 
 III S. 14147 2 (Syena) : Imp. Caesar[i] Nervae Traiano 
 Aug. Germ. pont. max., tribunic. potest, cos. II, p. p., per 
 C. Pompeium Plantam praef. Aeg. . 
 
 C. Pompeius Planta was procurator of Lycia and Pam- 
 phylia under Vespasian when L. Luscius Ocrea 5 was legatus 
 Augusti. In IGR I 1154 Trajan is called Germanicus, a title 
 received in October or November, 97, but not pater patriae, 
 received before September 18, 98. 6 Therefore the earliest 
 known date of Planta's prefecture of Egypt lies between these 
 dates. 7 The latest date which we have of his term of office 
 is February 26, 99, from BGU I 226. His praenomen is known 
 from III S. 14147. 2 
 
 2. Calpurnius Sabinus 
 
 IGR I 1154 (Ptolemais Hermiu): (see under no. 1). 
 
 Since Ptolemais Hermiu lies in the Thebais, Calpurnius 
 Sabinus was epistrategus of this section of Egypt when Pom- 
 peius Planta was praef ectus Aegypti, i.e., between 97 and 99. 
 
 3. T. Caesernius Macedo 
 
 III S. 10224 (Pannonia inf.) : T. Cominius T. f. Volt. 
 Severus Vienna / leg. II Adiutric. donis donat. ab Imp. 
 
Caesare Aug. bello Dacico T. Caesernius Macedo proc. 
 
 Aug. her. ex test. p. 
 
 Ill Dipl. XXXVI (S. p. 1973) (Mauretania Caes.) : 
 
 equitibus et peditibus qui militaverunt - - - et sunt in Mau- 
 retania Caesarensi 8 sub T. Caesernio Macedone - - - a. d. 
 VIII K. Dec. C. Iulio Longino C. Valerio Paullino cos. 
 
 (Nov. 24, 107) 
 
 T. Caesernius Macedo was a procurator Augusti in Pan- 
 nonia about the time of the Dacian war under Domitian, when 
 he set up the stone to a centurion who probably died in the 
 war. 9 He was procurator of Mauretania Caesariensis in 
 107, for he had charge of the auxiliary troops of the province. 
 
 4. fC. Minicius Italus 10 
 
 V 875 (Aquileia) : C. Minicio C fil, Vel. Italo IIII viro 
 i.d., praef. coh. - - - proc. provinc. Hellespont., proc. pro- 
 vinciae Asiae quam mandatu principis vice defuncti procos. 
 rexit, procurat. provinciarum Luguduniensis et Aquitanicae 
 
 item Lactorae, praefecto annonae, praefecto Aegypti 
 
 Ti. Iulio [Candido II C. Ant]io Ouadrato II cos. (!05) 
 
 III S. 12053 (Alexandria) : C. Minicio C. f. Vel. Ital. praef. 
 coh. [V] Gall. eq. I Breu[c] . . . provinciar. Lugdunen[sis] 
 et Aquitani[cae], pra[ef.] an[n.], pra[e]f. A[eg.] . X1 
 
 BGU III 908, 1.8: tw cvc[<rr]coTi Tpaiavov KaiWpos tov KvjOto[v] 
 
 t V 12 [t]coi Kp[aT]i<TTco[i f/yej/xovi Mivikuoi 'I-raAa) - - - [^yJcjLiwv 
 
 7ra/)ay£v(o)/x(cvos) «7r(t) tu>(v) T07r(a)v) $LaKo(v)cr(r)) ^u,tuv. 13 (I0I-2) 
 
 Ox. Pap. VII 1022: [C] Minicius Italu[s C]elsiano suo 
 
 sal [u] tern. accepta VI K(alendas) Martias ann(o) VI 
 
 Imp. Traiani n(ostri). (Feb. 24, 103) 
 
 In his procuratorship of Asia quam mandatu principis vice 
 defuncti proconsulis rexit, C. Minicius Italus furnishes the 
 only known example in the first two centuries of the empire 
 of a procurator as substitute for a proconsul in the governor- 
 ship of a province. 14 This office was held under Domitian, 
 probably about 88. 15 After having been procurator of the 
 provinces of Lugdunensis, Aquitania, and Lactora, 16 he held two 
 high positions as praef ectus annonae and praef ectus Aegypti. 
 The inscription V 875, in which the prefecture of Egypt is 
 the last office named, was cut in 105, but Vibius Maximus was 
 prefect as early as August 30, 103 17 and was succeeded in 105 
 by Sulpicius Similis. 18 Therefore Minicius' term of office 
 must have fallen before a date between the last of February 
 
(Ox. Pap. VII 1022, see above) and August 30, 103. 19 The 
 earliest attested date of his prefecture is in BGU III 908 of 
 the year 101-2 (revised reading). Pompeius Planta was in 
 office February 26, 99, 20 and Minicius must therefore have 
 been appointed between this date and 101. 21 At least a part 
 of his term of office as praef ectus annonae probably fell 
 under Trajan. 
 
 5. C. Vibius Salutaris 
 
 III 14195 6 (Ephesus) : C. Vibius C. f. Vof. Salutaris 
 
 promag. portuum provinc. Siciliae, item promag. frumenti 
 mancipalis, praef. cohor. Asturum et Callaecorum, trib. mil. 
 leg. XXII Primigeniae p. f., subprocurator provinc. Maure- 
 
 taniae Tingitanae, item provinc. Belgicae em avOvirdrov 
 
 T. 'AkvWlov UpoxXov - - - . ( IO3-4) 22 
 
 C. Vibius Salutaris appears in the above bilingual inscrip- 
 tion of Ephesus 23 of the year 103-4. Before holding the 
 militia e equestres he was promagister portuum provinciae Si- 
 ciliae and perhaps at the same time promagister frumenti 
 mancipalis. 2 * Because of his later career Hirschfeld con- 
 siders him in these positions as an imperial official. Ros- 
 towzew thinks he was midway between a procurator and the 
 conductor of other provinces. The office had to do with the 
 collection of the customs. After holding the militiae equestres 
 he became subprocurator 25 of the province of Mauretania 
 Tingitana and then of Belgica, probably in the first years of 
 Trajan's reign, 26 since these are the highest positions 
 mentioned. 
 
 6. Cn. Octavius Titinius Capito 
 
 VI 798 (Rome) : Cn. Octavius Titinius Capito praef. 
 oohortis, trib. milit., donat. hasta pura corona vallari, proc. ab 
 epistulis et a patrimonio, iterum ab epistulis divi Nervae eodem 
 auctore ex s. c. praetoriis ornamentis, ab epistulis tertio Imp. 
 Nervae Caesar. Traiani Aug. Ger., praef. vigilum. Vol- 
 cano d.d. 
 
 Cn. Octavius Titinius Capito is known from this' inscription 
 and from references in the letters of Pliny. 27 He was pro- 
 curator ab epistulis and a patrimonio under Domitian, 28 ab 
 epistulis a second time under Nerva, and a third time under 
 
Trajan in the first years of his reign, for Trajan was not yet 
 surnamed Dacicus. 29 After this he became praefectus vigilum. 
 He was still living in 109. 30 
 
 7. Q. Petronius Modestus 
 
 V 534 (Tergeste) : O. Petronius C. f. Pu[p.] Modestus p. p. 
 bis leg. XII Fulm. et leg. I Adiu[t]ric, trib. mil. coh. V vig., 
 tr. coh. XII urb., tr. coh. V pr., pr[oc] divi Nervae et Imp. 
 Caes. Nervae Traiani Aug. Germ. provin[c. Hi]spaniae citer. 
 Asturiae et Callaeciarum, flamen divi Claud [i de]dit idemque 
 dedicavit. 
 
 Q. Petronius Modestus was made procurator of Asturia and 
 Callaecia 31 in Hither Spain before Nerva's death in January, 
 98. His term in office probably closed before the last of 102, 
 when Trajan was surnamed Dacicus, a name which does not 
 appear in the inscription. The inscription was certainly cut 
 before this date. 
 
 8. *L. Vibius Lentulus 
 
 AE 1913 n. 143a (Ephesus): 32 17 ftovXrj kci[i] 6 St^os erei- 
 \_jji\rja-av A. Ov€l(3lov T. vlov [A]i/Ai'Aia AevnAov \j.TrL~\Tpoirov A[vTo]*cpa- 
 t[o]/jos Nep[ova Tpajiavov Katcra/oo? [2e/3ao-] tov YepfxaviKOv A[clklkov d]7ro 
 -rail/ Xoyuiv, [AwptKar]^?, 'Ao-ias, IIavv[onas AaA]/u.aTtas, /Aov^Tr/s, tTrap- 
 Xov ciAt/s [<J>Aaouias /8' 7roAei]TO)v 'Pw/xcuW x u ^ a PX ov Aeyia>[j/os t, 
 ye/Atvi/s ^>i8t/]A£0)[s, iirapxov T£kto]v[o)v] f3or][66v A. Hop,Trr]io]v Ov[o- 
 7T€t(TKOv KareXXio^v [Kje'Aefjaos «n"i twv 68a>v vaaiv ie]/ou>[v tottwv t€ 
 $rjp,ocriu)v ty}~\v a[ya.(TTa(TLV Trotrjaapiivov ck irpoo-oSayv vtto T. QXclovlov 
 Movra]v[ou S^udcrta ScAtik]?) hia\BrjKr] AeAei/xyucvcov] . 3 3 
 
 lb. 143b (EpheSUS) : f] /3ovX[rj /cat 6 S^os] i\_Teip.rjcrav] T. 4>Aa- 
 
 ou[tov Movrdvov] Sis €-rr\a\pxpv TtyQ/tiTuv A. Ot>ei[/3ios Ae']v[TCwAos 
 
 £]7rtTp[o7ros kvTOKpa\Top\os Ne/oo]ua Tpaia[yov KatWpos 2]e/?a[crTo{) 
 T]cpp.aviKo[y Ao.klkov airo] tw[v Ady]a>v Ik Tr[pocr68o>v Si/ ( ado-t]a 
 Se[Ar]t/<^ $LJL6[rjKr] AeAet/A]/u.e[vw]v V7r* aujVoi!]. 
 
 In these inscriptions Trajan is called Dacicus but not Opti- 
 mus. They were therefore cut after 103 and probably before 
 114. 34 After his military career Lentulus became successively 
 procurator Augusti monetae, 35 procurator Augusti Pannoniae 
 et DaImatiae 3Q and procurator Augusti Asiae. 37 He was then 
 transferred to Rome and became first procurator Augusti a 
 loricata 38 and then a rationibus. 39 These positions were held 
 before 114, and all under Trajan, 40 in spite of the fact that 
 
Lentulus was assistant of L. Pompeius Vopiscus Catillius 
 Celer 41 when the latter was curator viarum aedium sacrarum 
 locorumque public orum. Celer was consul in 72, legatus 
 Augusti pro praetore Lusitaniae in 77-8, and was mentioned 
 among the fratres Arvales as late as 91. 
 
 9. (Attius) Suburanus 42 
 
 Vict. Caes. 13. 8-9: [Trajanus] aequus clemens patientis- 
 simus atque in amicos perfidelis, quippe qui Surae familiari 
 opus sacraverit, quae Suranae sunt: usque eo innocentiae 
 fidens, uti praefectum praetorio Suburanum nomine, cum 
 insigne potestatis, uti mos erat, pugionem daret, crebro rnonu- 
 erit: "Tibi istum ad munimentum mei committo, si recte 
 agam; sin aliter, in me magis." quod moderationem omnium 
 vel errare minus fas sit. 43 
 
 Suburanus was praefectus praetorio, evidently at the be- 
 ginning of Trajan's reign. 44 
 
 10. Ti. Claudius Livianus 
 
 Dio 68. 9. 2 : i7r£p,<pdr] 6 Sovpas kcu KAavStos Aioviavos 6 ?7rapx ?- 
 iirpdxOr) Se ovBev. ( I ^2) 
 
 VI 1604 (Rome) : Ti. Claudio Liviano pr. pr. amico optim. 
 
 XIV 3439 (Praeneste) : Ti. Claudi Liviani pr. pr. IXX. 
 
 Fit. Had. 4. 2 : qua quidem tempestate [114-117] ute- 
 
 batur Hadrianus amicitia Sosi Papi et Platori Nepotis ex 
 senatorio ordine, ex equestri autem Attiani, tutoris quondam 
 sui, et Liviani [et] 45 Turbonis. 
 
 We do not know the time limits of Livianus' prefecture. 
 He was praefectus praetorio during the first Dacian war of 
 Trajan (101-2) and probably for some time afterward. He 
 appears to have accompanied the Parthian expedition, per- 
 haps as praefectus praetorio.* 6 He was at this time among the 
 equestrian friends of Hadrian. 47 
 
 11. fP. Postumius Acilianus 
 
 IGR III 928 (Cilicia) : TLoirXcov HoaTOvfxtov'A.KeiXiavbv iirLTpcnrov 
 AvTOKpdropos Kcucra[po]s Nepoua Tpaiav\_ov 2]e/8aorov Tep[p,^a.viKov 
 Miyvd8w/o[o]s Alovvctiov tov kavrov cvepyerrjv. 
 
 II 2213 (Corduba) : . . . Postumius A. f. Pap. Acilianus 
 praef. cohort. II Hisp. miliar. . . . vit. pr. Imp. et leg. XII 
 Fulm., 48 proc. provinc. Achaiae, procurator . . . 
 
We know from IGR III 928, found at Arsus, Cilicia, that 
 P. Postumius Acilianus was procurator of Cilicia before 103, 
 since Trajan was not yet called Dacicus. From II 2213 we 
 see that he began his civil career as procurator of Achaia, 
 since this office follows directly after his military positions 
 and his cursus is in ascending order. He must therefore have 
 begun his civil career early in Trajan's reign. 
 
 12. fC. Vibius Maximus 
 
 IGR I 1 175 (Coptos) : 49 *Y7rep t^s AvTOKparopos KatVapo? Nepova 
 Tpatavov ^eftao-TOV Tepp.avi.Kov Aclkikov - - - [tv^s] cttI i^ye/xoVos, 
 
 Ov[ifti~\ov Ma[^i'/*]ov kcll tiruTT parrjyov TIopLTrrjiov UpoKXov trow; 
 
 £' AuroKpaVopos KaiVapos Nepoua Tpatavov 2e/?acrT0i} TeppiavLKOv Aa/a/cot) 
 ©a)0 a'. ( Au g- 3°, ^s) 
 
 III 14148 2 (Nile) : [Imp. Caes. divi Nervae f. Nerva 
 
 Traianus Aug. Germ. Dacic. trib. potejst cos. V. C. 
 
 [Vibi]o Maximo 50 praef. Aeg. a Philis XXXII, d™ $iA<Sv 
 
 (77r( )\/3. 
 
 Ill 38 (Thebes) : Anno VII Imp. Caesaris Nervae Traiani 
 Aug. Ger. Dacici, C. Vibius Maximus praef. Aeg. audit Mem- 
 nonem XIIII K. Mar. Hora IIS. semel et III sem[el]. 
 
 (Feb. 16, 104) 
 
 Amherst Pap. II 64 : Ackoitou erovs Tpaiavov KatVapos tov Kvpiov 
 
 $ap,eva)0 X' Out^Sto? Md^tpos — (gives decision as prefect). 
 
 (March 26, 107) 
 
 We know of no office held by C. Vibius Maximus except 
 the prefecture of Egypt. 51 He took office between February 
 24 and August 30, 103, the former being the latest known 
 date of the prefecture of C. Minicius Italus, 52 and the latter, 
 the earliest of the term of Maximus of which we know. 
 Amherst Pap. II 64 contains a decision of the prefect of 
 March 26, 107, which is the latest date of which we have evi- 
 dence. He was succeeded in the same year by Sulpicius 
 Similis. 53 
 
 13. Pompeius Proc(u)lus 
 
 IGR I 1 175 (Coptos) : (see under no. 12). 
 
 Pompeius Proc(u)lus was epistrategus of the Thebais 54 in 
 103. He may have been the same as 
 
Cn. Pompeius Proculus 
 
 VI 1627 (Rome) : Cn. Pompeio [Pjroculo . . . g complu- 
 rium [primijp. leg IIII p. f., [trib.,] coh. I Urbanae, [pr] oc. 
 Ponti et [Bit]hyniae. 
 
 The date of Cn. Pompeius Proculus is unknown. 
 
 14. *T. Visulanius Crescens 
 
 XI 709 (Bononia) : D.M.V.F. T. Visulanio Aufidio Trebio 
 Clementi T. Visulanius Crescens praef. fabr. bis, praef . cohort. 
 I Gallor., trib. mil. cohort, civium Romanor., praef. equitum 
 alae Moesicae, censor Germ, inferior . Patri optimo. 
 
 III. S. p. 1971, Dipl. XXXI: ad XVIIII K. Septembr. 
 
 O. Fabio Barbara A. Caecilio Faustino cos., cohort. II Gallo- 
 rum cui praest Visulanius Crescens. (Aug. 14, 99) 
 
 T. Visulanius Crescens was censor of Lower Germany, 
 probably in the early part of Trajan's reign, for he was prefect 
 of a cohort in 99. 55 
 
 15. Memmius (or Memnius) Rufus (or Rufinus) 
 
 16. Silius Decianus 
 
 XV 7302 (Rome) : [I]mp. Nervae Traiani Caes. Aug. Ger. 
 Dae. sub cur. Sili Deciani et Memni 56 Run . . . lius Poly- 
 bius fee. IIIX. 
 
 Memmius Rufus, or Rufinus, and Silius Decianus were pos- 
 sibly procurator es aquarum as Dessau thinks. 57 Lanciani 58 con- 
 siders them only adiutores of the curator aquarum. The date 
 is after 103, for Trajan is called Dacicus. 
 
 17. fC. Pomponius Hyllus 
 
 XV 7299 (Rome) : Imp. Nerv. Traian. Aug. [G]er. 
 Dacic. sub cur. C. Pomp. Hylli [p]roc. fee. CI. Onesim. 5 ' 9 
 
 XV 7300 (Rome) : Imp. Nervae Traiani Caesar. Aug. Ger. 
 Dacic. sub cura C. Pomponi Hylli proc. off. elesi i ser. 60 
 
 XV 7301 (unknown) : [I]mp. Caes. Nerv. Tra[i]a[n. Aug. 
 Ger. Dae. sub cur.] C. Pompon. Hylli 61 proc. Aug. [fee] . . . 
 
 C. Pomponius Hyllus was procurator aquarum^ 2 under Tra- 
 jan after 103. 
 
 18. P. Besius Betuinianus C. Marius Memmius Sabinus 
 
 VIII 9990 (Tangiers) : P. Besio P. f. Quir. Betuiniano 
 C. Mario Memmio Sabino praef. coh. I Raetorum, trib. leg. 
 
X G. p. f., praef. alae Dardanorum, procuratori Imp. Caesaris 
 Nervae Traiani Aug. Germ. Dacici monetae, proc. provinc. 
 Baeticae, proc. XX hered., proc. pro leg. provinc. Mauretaniae 
 Tingitanae, donis donato ab Imp. Traiano Aug. bello Dacico, 
 corona murali vallari hastis pur. vexillo argent, exacti 
 exercitus. 
 
 In this inscription Trajan is called Dacicus, a surname which 
 he received late in 102, and not Optimus, which he assumed 
 in 114. Therefore the inscription was cut after 102 and 
 probably before 114. Besius doubtless completed his military- 
 career before holding any of the procuratorships, and the 
 dona militaria for distinction in the Dacian war, although 
 mentioned last, were of course received for service in one of 
 the militiae equestres. 63 In all probability, therefore, Besius 
 held the four procuratorships between 103 and 114. 64 He is 
 known only from this inscription. The procurator pro legato 
 provinciae Mauretaniae Tingitanae 65 seems to have been a 
 procurator invested with additional power by having legionary 
 troops placed temporarily under his command, an officer cor- 
 responding to the tribunus militum pro legato, a substitute 
 commander for a legate. 66 
 
 19. *C. Iulius Demosthenes 
 
 IGR III 500 (Oenoandis) II 52 f. : Tatov 'lovXlov Arj^ocrOevovs, 
 
 os eyeVcTO xciXia/oxos XeyeaJj/os 2t8^(/3as) xal €7rap\o<; 61X775 i(386fxrj<: 
 <PpvyS>v, €7rtTpo7ros AvTOKparopos Tpatavov eVa^^eia? 2iKcXias Kai twv 
 avvreXovawv v^cr[cr]wv Kai [xtTa tovto AvKidp^r]<;. 
 
 IGR III 487 (Oenoandis) : [r. 'WXioi/ ArjfAoadtvr) — cttit/jottov 
 
 AvroKparopos Kcuo-apos Ne'pova Tpaiavov ^efiacrTov TepfiaviKov Aa]/a- 
 kov C7ra[]p^€ta]s 2i/<e[Xias] /ecu rav aXXoov twv 2i[KeXia] crwreXoixraiy 
 vi70-[o-](uv yevop.evov dp^iepla tu>v [^jSaajrwc koX ypap-p-area Av[/«W] 
 tov kolvov Kai ay(x)vo9e[rrjv] rwv TrevTatTrjpiKWV p.[eya]Xwv IcroXvpurcwv 
 Ov€(r[7ra]<Tiav£[t'a)v] . 
 
 The letters klkov of the second inscription are evidently the 
 last of AaKiKov, which was here the last surname of the 
 emperor. Therefore Demosthenes, whose name is supplied 
 here from the first inscription, was procurator of Sicily and 
 the neighboring islands 67 after 103 and probably before 114. 68 
 He afterward became flam en Augustorum, or Lyciarch, 69 clerk 
 of the Lycian league, and overseer of the great quinquennial 
 games in honor of Vespasian. 
 
20. *A. Pomponius Augurinus T. Prifernius Paetus 
 
 Bull. corr. hell. 28 (1904) pp. 424 ff. (Argos) : 'A. IIo//.7ra)viov 
 r. vlbv Kujcnva Avyovpeivov T. Ylpufripviov Holltov ^etXtap^ 0V Xeytcovos 
 1 Ofpemp/aias, €7ra[pJ^ov o-ir€ipr]<i a ^etAtavS/aou TifxrjdivTa //.era rr]V Kara 
 TeTaiv vuktjv vtto AvTOKparopos KatVapos Ncpoua Tpcuavot) 2,e(3acrTov 
 Tepp.avi.KOv Aclkikov koct/jlu) api(TT€ia> ovr]£iX.\<i) apyvp<j> nal Sopari Ka6ap<S 
 Kal <TTe<jnxv(o Tet^rjpi, iiriTpo-rrov "^efiaa^Tov e]7rap^£t'as A^aias. M. Av- 
 Tcoi/tos 'A^aiKos ck Taiv iSt'cov {i7rep Tip rroXiv. 
 
 A. Pomponius Augurinus T. Prifernius Paetus is known 
 only from this inscription, which states that he was honored 
 by Trajan with dona militaria. 70 He was procurator of Achaia 
 after 103 and probably before 114, since Trajan is called 
 Dacicus but not Optimus. 71 
 
 21. C. Terentius Iunior 
 
 Plin. Epp. VII 25. 2 : - - - Terentius Iunior, equestribus 
 militiis functus atque etiam procuratione Narbonensis pro- 
 vinciae integerrime functus, recepit se in agros suos paratisque 
 honoribus tranquillissimum otium praetulit. 
 
 The date of Plin. Epp. VII 25 is 107, as fixed by Momm- 
 sen. 72 C. Terentius Iunior was therefore procurator of Nar- 
 bonensis, probably during the early years of Trajan's reign. 73 
 
 21a, . . . ]aenus (or . . . ]linus) 
 
 BGU IV 1 03 3 j !• 20 : . . .~\p.vov tov irpos tc3 iSio> Xoyw t<S 17 V . . . 
 
 ' (105-6) 
 
 This document gives part of the name of an idiologus who 
 was in office in 105-6. He is the only one mentioned by name 
 during the reign of Trajan. 
 
 22. Ti. Iulius Aquilinus 
 
 III pp. 866-7, Dipl. XXIV = p. 1972 n. XXXV: Imp. 
 Caesar divi Nervae f., Nerva Traianus Augustus Germanicus 
 Dacicus pontifex maximus tribunic. potestat. XI, imp. VI, cos. 
 V, p. p., equitibus et peditibus qui militaverunt - - - et sunt 
 in Raetia sub Ti. Iulio Aquilino - - - C. Minicio Fundano C. 
 Vettennio Severo cos. (107) 
 
 Ti. Iulius Aquilinus was governing procurator of Raetia in 
 107, since he commanded the auxiliary troops of the province. 74 
 
 23. f C. Sulpicius Similis 75 
 
 Frg. Vatic. 233 : - - - secundum litteras divi Traiani ad 
 Sulpicium Similem - - -quae omnia litteris praefecti annonae 
 significanda sunt. 
 
Amherst Pap. II 64 : 2ovA7ri/ao[s] %.p.Ckvi 'Hpai<\el8r]L <TTp(aTr)y(t>i) 
 
 'Epfi,oir(o\iTov) xa(t/t>«'v). (crows) 8ckoito[v] Avtokooitodos KatVapos 
 
 N[ep]ova Tpaiavov Se/foo-TOV re[p/AavtKOi> . . . ]. 
 
 (Between last of Mch. and Aug. 29, 107) 76 
 
 III 24 (Egypt) : An(no) XII Imp. Nerva Traiano Caesare 
 
 Aug. Germanico Dacico per Sulpicium Simi[le]m praef. Aeg. 
 
 (Between Aug. 29, 108 and Aug. 28, 109) 
 
 A Vienna papyrus cited by de Ricci, Proc. Bibl. Arch. 1900 
 p. 379, of the thirteenth year of Trajan, i. e., no. 
 
 Vit. Had. 9. 4: cui [Attiano] cum successorem dare non pos- 
 set quia non petebat, id egit, ut peteret atque, ubi primum 
 petit, in Turbonem transtulit potestatem; cum quidem etiam 
 Simili alteri praefecto Septicium Clarum successorem dedit. 
 
 Dio 69. 19 • fat ttjv twv Bopvtpopwv apxyv olkwv T€ £\a/3e kcu Xafilav 
 e^icrraro, /xoAts T£ acpeOels iv ayp<2 ^crv^os €7ttoi irrj to. Xoitto. tov (iiov 
 Strjyaye kcu liri ye to pvr/pa avrov tovto €7r€ypayyev ore a 2tptA.is ivravda 
 /cetTat fttovs p.kv err] Tocra, ^rjcras Se Ittj €7TTa." 
 
 The fact that C. Sulpicius Similis held the office of praef ec- 
 tus annonae under Trajan is known only from a rescript of the 
 emperor to him, which is cited by Ulpian. -This office was 
 held before 107, for before the middle of that year Similis 
 became praef ectus Aegypti, immediately succeeding C. Vibius 
 Maximus, as we know from Amherst Pap. II 64, which con- 
 tains a decision of the latter to the strategus Heraclides, dated 
 March 26, 107, and attached to it a copy of a letter of Sulpicius 
 Similis to the same strategus, dated also in the tenth year of 
 Trajan, i.e., before August 29 of that year. 77 He is also men- 
 tioned as prefect in III 24, of the tenth year of Trajan, and in 
 a Vienna papyrus of the year no. 78 Between this date and 
 March, 114 he was succeeded by Rutilius Lupus. 79 Similis 
 was made praef ectus praetorio probably in the last of Trajan's 
 reign, 80 and held the office, for a time at least, with Acilius 
 Attianus. He was relieved of the office about the time 
 that Marcius Turbo was made praef ectus instead of Attianus, 
 i.e., in the early part of 119. 81 Having been succeeded by 
 Septicius Clarus he lived seven years quietly in the country. 
 
 24. C. Manlius Felix 
 
 III 726 (Thrace) : C. Manlio . . . f. Q. Felici trib. mil. 
 leg. VI [I] G. p. f., adlect. in decur. iudic. selector, a divo Tito, 
 praef. fabr. Imp. Caesaris Nervae Trai. Germ, Dacici II, praef. 
 class. Pann. et Germ., proc. Aug. reg. Chers., proc. Aug. XX 
 hered. d. d. 
 
The inscription was cut after 103, since Trajan is called Da- 
 cicus, and probably before 114, when the title Optimus was 
 conferred upon him. Therefore Felix was prefect of the 
 Pannonian and then of the German fleet, procurator of the 
 emperor's possessions in the Thracian Chersonese, 82 and fin- 
 ally procurator Augusti vicesimae hereditatium, before 114. 
 
 25. fCn. Cornelius Pulcher 
 
 IG IV 795 (ArgOS) : 83 IV. KopvrjXiov Ti/Je/nov vlov <£a/3ta IIovX- 
 \pov xet,\.iap)(ov Xey. 8' %kv9ikt)<; 8v av8p(i>v avTio-rparrryov iv Ko/oiV0a>, 
 €vdr][v]ta<s iTrip.€\eTr}v, ayuvodlr-qv K-aiaaprjuiv Nepovavrjwv Tpauxvrju)v 
 %€/3a<TTrjwv Tep/xaviKrjwv AaK^cov kcu 'Ia6/iiwv kcu K.atcraprju>v kcli dyco- 
 voQkri\v Se/focrreiW kcu 'Ao-kX^ttciW Kal o-rpaTr/yov kcu ypa/xpLarea tw 
 'A^ataij/ kcu apxiepca Kal kiriTpo-rrov Kcucmpos . . . 
 
 IG IV 160O (Corinth) : IV. KopvyXiov Ti/3. KopvrjXiov ILovXxpov 
 vlbv fPa/Sia IIov[X]xpov o-TpaTrjyov rrjs iroXews KopivfliW, TrtVTatrrjpiKov 
 ay<t)vo$eTr]V Kcu[cra]p€icov 'Icrtfyucov dp\Ltp^ia] rr)<; 'EXXdSos kcu EXXa- 
 8<xpxr]V oltto tov kolvov tG>v 'A^aicov (rvfVeSJjCHOu 81a fiiov, Hirct/90?> 
 fTTLTpoirov, AiyvirTov Kal ' AXe£av8p€ias SiKaioSoTrjv, apxov[ra tot)] 
 IlaveXA^viou Kal lepia 'A&piavov IlaveXXr/vtov aXXas re /u-eydXas Scopeds 
 €7rtSovTa /cat tt]v are[Xeiav] rfj ttoXci 7rapacr^ovT[a] . KaXTrovpvia <f>pov- 
 rcTva r) a8eX<prj. 
 
 The public career of Cn. Cornelius Pulcher of Corinth, the 
 friend of Plutarch to whom he dedicated his pamphlet., 7rais 
 av rts V7J-' i\0pS)v d)</>eXoiTo, 84 is known from these two inscrip- 
 tions. After holding several municipal and provincial offices 
 he became imperial procurator of Epirus and then iuridicus of 
 Egypt and Alexandria. 83 Frankel in his note on IG IV 795 is 
 right in saying that this inscription was cut after 103, when 
 Trajan was called Dacicus, and before 114, when he assumed 
 Optimus. The fact that the full name of the emperor is writ- 
 ten instead of simply Tpaiavrjwv seems to show at least that 
 the inscription was cut during Trajan's lifetime. 86 Since it is 
 probable that Pulcher held the procuratorship under Trajan be- 
 fore 114, we may suppose that he held the office of iuridicus 
 under the same emperor, 87 and later a priesthood under 
 Hadrian, evidently toward the end of his life. 
 
 26. [P.] 88 Prifernius Paetus Memmius Apollinaris 
 
 IX 4753 (Reate) : [P.] Prifernio P. f. Qui. Paeto Memmio 
 Apollinari IIII vir. iur. die, quinq., mag. IV, praef. coh. Ill 
 
Breuc, trib. leg. X Gem., praef. alae I Asturum, donis donato 
 exped. Dae. ab Imp. Traiano hasta pura vexillo corona murali, 
 proc. provinc. Sicil., proc. provinc. Lusitan., proc. XX her., 
 proc. prov. Thrac., proc. prov. Noricae. P. Memmius P. f. Qui. 
 Apollinaris patri piissimo. 
 
 Ill 5179 (Noricum) : I. O. M. Surus & Memmi Apoll. 
 proc. Aug. v- s. 1. m. 
 
 We are not told in the inscription in which Dacian campaign 
 Prifernius Paetus was given dona militaria, but even if it was 
 in the first, the inscription must have been cut after the end of 
 the second in 107. Therefore it seems probable that the second 
 expedition is meant, as being more recent and thus perhaps not 
 seeming to need designation. If this is so, Paetus began his 
 procuratorial career in Sicily about 109 or no, 89 and became 
 successively procurator of the province of Lusitania, of the 
 vicesinm hereditatium-, of Thrace, and of Noricum. The in- 
 scription was cut before Trajan's death, 90 and so these offices 
 were held before 117. 
 
 27. fQ. Rammius Martialis 
 
 VI 222 (Rome) : C. Calpurnio Pisone M. Vettio Bolano cos., 
 Q. Rammio Martiale pr(aefecto) - - - coh. quintae vig. (m) 
 
 VI 221 (Rome) : C. Clodio Crispino cos., Q. Rammio Mar- 
 tiale pr(aefecto) C. Maesio Tertio s(ub) pr(aefecto) L. Nu- 
 merio Albano tr(iburuo) (sc. cohortis quintae vigilum). (113) 
 
 Ox. Pap. VII 1023 1. 6 : vtzb KociVrot; 'Pa/x,/xt[o]v MapridXis T<p 
 a (Itci) 'ASpcavov tov Kvpiov. (Before Aug. 29, 117) 
 
 IGR I 1255 (Egypt) : irci Fafx/xiwu MapnaAi iTvapyiai Aiyw- 
 
 tov - - - (erovs) ft AvTOKpaTopos KatVapos Tpaiavov 'A8piavov QapfiovQl 
 
 Kif. (Apr. 23, 118) 
 
 GieSSetl Pap. n. 43 1. 10: 'Tafi/JLLOV MapnaXts t[o]v KpaTtarov 
 i^ye/xdvos - - - (eTous) y' AvTOKparopo^s Katcrapjos Tpaiavov 'A8pi[av]ov 
 2e/3ao~ro0 . . . (H8-II9) 
 
 BGU I I4O : HovttXlov AIXlov to y ' Kal 'Povcttlkov VTrdrois . . . irpiSie 
 vovas Aovyovo-Tas - - - ewLcrTafxai 'Pdfxp,U p,ov. (Aug. 4, II9) 
 
 Q. Rammius Martialis was praef ectus vigilum at least from 
 in to 113. 91 The earliest date of his prefecture of Egypt 
 known to us is from Ox. Pap. VII 1023, of the first year of 
 Hadrian, i.e., between the eleventh and the twenty-eighth of 
 August, 117. 92 The earliest date known previous to the dis- 
 covery of this papyrus was April 23, 118, from IGR I 1255. 
 
 12 
 
His predecessor, M. Rutilius Lupus, was in office on the fifth 
 of January, 117; 93 therefore the change of prefects took 
 place during the last months of Trajan's reign or the very 
 first days of the reign of Hadrian. 94 The latest date which 
 we know of his term is August 4, 119, from BGU I 140, re- 
 vised reading. 95 
 
 28. Virdius Gemellinus 
 
 Plin. ad Traj. 27: Maximus libertus et procurator tuus, 
 domine, praeter decern beneficiarios quos adsignari a me 
 Gemellino, Optimo viro, iussisti sibi quoque confirmat neces- 
 sarios esse milites - - -. 
 
 lb. 28 (Traj. ad Plin.) : cum ad pristinum actum re- 
 
 versus fuerit, sufficient illi duo a te dati milites et totidem a 
 Virdio Gemellino, procuratore meo, quern adiuvat. 
 
 lb. 84 (Traj. ad Plin.) : - - - adhibitis Virdio Gemellino 
 et Epimacho, liberto meo, procuratoribus . 
 
 Virdius Gemellinus was therefore procurator in Bithynia 
 when Pliny 96 was legatus Augusti, between the years 111-113. 
 
 29. C. Maesius Tertius 
 
 VI 221 (Rome) : (see under no. 27). 
 
 C. Maesius Tertius, subpraefectus vigilum in 113, is known 
 only from this inscription. He is the earliest example of this 
 officer. 
 
 30. f M. Rutilius Lupus 
 
 An unpublished Vienna papyrus of the month Phamenoth in 
 the 17th year of Trajan (Feb.-Mch., 114), referred to by 
 de Ricci in Proc. Bibl. Arch. 1902 p. 62. 
 
 Cattaoni Pap. col. II {AP III [1906] p. 59 col. Ill) 1. 11: 
 
 (erei) [i]rf Tpaiavov <£aai<£i ef386p.rj /cat eiKaSi Aovttos e?7rev. 
 
 (Decision of Lupus.) (Oct. 24, 114) 
 lb. col. Ill (AP III [1906] p. 59 col. IV) 1. I : (era) of Tpaia- 
 vov Ilawi l AovVos ei7T€v. (June 4> H5) 
 
 (Decision of Lupus.) 
 
 IGR I I267 : €7rt Ma/3Kou 'FvtlXiov Aovwov eTrdpxov AiyvTrrov 
 
 (* Tet ) $ AvTOKpa.Topo<i KatVapos Ncpoua Tpaiavov Ila^wv a . 
 
 (Apr. 26, 116) 97 
 
 BGU \ 114 COl. I 1. 2 : Aovttos eiW-ev k deov Tpaiavov Tt!/3t 
 
 oWtjj. (Jan. 5, 117) 
 
 M. Rutilius Lupus was therefore praefectus Aegypti at 
 
 13 
 
least from March, 114 until January 5, 117. His predecessor, 
 Sulpicius Similis, 98 was in office in no and Rammius 
 Martialis" succeeded him by the middle of 117. 
 
 31. *Felix Claudius Vindex 
 
 Amherst Pap. II 70: ®t}\i.ki KAavSiwi OviVSiki twi KpaTiarwi 
 cir[«TTp (aT^ywi)] irapa apxovrwv 'Ep/x,ov7roX(ca)s). tov Kpariurov yyt- 
 ftovos 'PovTtA[iov A]ov?r(ov) KcAevcravTos . 
 
 Felix Claudius Vindex 10 ° was epistrategus of the Hep- 
 tanomis, 101 or Middle Egypt, since Hermupolis 102 lies in this 
 section, at some time during the prefecture of Rutilius Lupus, 
 i.e., between 114 and 117. 103 
 
 32. fT. Haterius Nepos 
 
 XI 5213 (Fulginium) : . . . [primipil]o praef f. cohjortis, 
 trib. mili[tum, p]raef. equit., censito[ri] Brittonum Anavio- 
 n[ens.], proc. Aug. Armeniae mai[or.], ludi magni, hereditatium 
 et a censibus, a libellis Aug., praef. vigilum, praef. Aegypfti], 
 M. Taminius Cri . . . 
 
 Ill 39 (Thebes) : Anno V Hadriani imp. n., T. Hateriu[s] 
 Nepos praef. Aeg. audit Memnonem XII K. Mart, hora is. 
 
 (Feb. 18, 121) 
 
 Corp. Rain. I p. 51 n. xviii 11. 2ff. : 'E£ AvaTrop.Trr)s 'Areptov 
 [Nc7r]o)[T]os tov npa.TL<TTo[y i7y]e[/u,]dvos ctovs [o]ySoov AvTOKpdropos 
 [Kai<rapo]s Tpaiavov 'A8pia[yo]v 2e^3[a]<rTOv $apfiov6l OKTWKaiScKaTy. 
 
 (Apr. 13, 124) 
 
 Borghesi, Opp. V pp. 25 fi\, rightly referred XI 5213 to T. 
 Haterius Nepos. 104 Nepos was censitor of the Brittones of 
 Anavio 10S about 1 14 or a little earlier, since he must have held 
 the procuratorship of Armenia Maior between 114 and 117. 106 
 He was praef ectus Aegypti as early as February, 121, and he 
 therefore probably held the office of procurator ludi magni 10 " 1 
 under Trajan and that of procurator hereditatium at the very 
 beginning of Hadrian's reign. He then became a censibus and 
 at the same time a libellis, probably about 119. 108 After being 
 praef ectus vigilum he was praef ectus Aegypti at least from 
 February 18, 121 109 to April 13, 124. 110 
 
 33. D. Iulius Capito 
 
 XII 1855 (Vienne) : . . . . trib. mil. leg. II Adiutricis, cen- 
 sori civitatis Remor. foeder., proc. Imp. Nervae Traian. Caes. 
 
 14 
 
Aug. Germ. Dacici Optimi provinc. Astur. et Callaec. conven- 
 tus Asturum. L. d. d. d. 111 
 
 XII 1869 (Vienne) : D. ltd. D. f. V[ol.] Capitoni flam, 
 iuvent., Ill vir. [l]oc. public. per[seq.], [I] I vir. aera[r., au- 
 gur.], praef. fa[b]r., trib. mil. [leg. II A]diu[t, c]en[sor. civ. 
 Remor.] foederatae, Remi public. [L.] d. d. d. 
 
 XII 1870 (Vienne) : D. ltd. D. fil. Vo[l.] Capiton[i fl]am. 
 iuvent. Ill v[ir. loc. pu]blic. perseq. II v[ir. aer., au]guri, 
 praef. fa[br., trib. m]ilit. leg. II Adiu[t, censor.] ci[vitatis 
 Remor. foeder.] 
 
 After holding several offices in his native town (Vienna, 
 Gall. Narb.) and after a short military career, D. Iulius Capito 
 became censor civitatis Remorum foederatae, 112 probably not 
 long after 114. He held the procuratorship of Asturia and 
 Callaecia 113 between 114 and 116, as it seems, for Trajan 
 assumed the surname Optimus in 114 and was called Parthicus 
 in 116. 
 
 34. C. Camurius Clemens 
 
 XI 5669 (Attidium) : C. Camurio C. f. Lem. Clementi praef. 
 fabr. IIII, praef. i. d. Imper. Caes. Traiani Aug., praef. coh. 
 VII Raet. equit., trib. mil. coh. II Ulpiae Petraeor. milliar. 
 equit, praef. alae Petrianae milliar. c. R. bis torquatae, proc. 
 Aug. ad Miniciam, proc. Aug. epistrategiae septem nomor. et 
 Arsinoitae. Treienses patron, ob merita eius, deer. dec. publice. 
 
 C. Camurius Clemens is known only from this inscription. 
 He held two procuratorships under Trajan, 114 procurator 
 Augusti ad Miniciam 115 and epistrategus of the Heptanomis, 
 or Middle Egypt. 116 
 
 35. fQ. Caecilius Redditus 
 
 III 5163 (Celeia) : I. O. M. Antonius Maximus (bf.) Q. 
 Caecili Redditi proc. Aug. v. s. 1. m. 
 
 Ill S. Dipl. XCVIII p. 2212: cohort. I Britannicae 
 
 (miliariae) c. R. cui praest Q. Caecilius Redditus. (105) 
 
 Q. Caecilius Redditus, known from these two inscriptions, 
 served as governing procurator of Noricum, probably during 
 the reign of Trajan, since he was holding the first of his 
 militiae equestres in 105. 117 
 
 36. Ti. Iulius Alexander 
 
 III S. 7130 (Ephesus) : Ti. Iulium C. [f.] Corn. Ale[xan]- 
 drum, c. . . . trib. m[il. leg. Ill Cy]renaic[ae, praefe]ctum 
 
 15 
 
eq. [alae. . • . ] Aug., pro[e. Imp. Nerjvae Tr[aiani Caesa]- 
 ris Aug. . . . provin[ciae Crejtae . . . item [provin- 
 ciae] Asia[e] . 
 
 Ti Iulius Alexander is known only from this inscription. He 
 was procurator under Trajan of Crete and then of Asia. 
 
 37. fP- Acilius Attianus 
 
 Vit. Had. 5. 5 : Tantum autem statim clementiae studium 
 habuit [Hadrianus], ut cum sub primis imperii diebus ab 
 Attiano per epistulas esset ammonitus, ut et Baebius Macer 
 - - - necaretur et Laberius Maximus - - - neminem lae- 
 deret. 
 
 lb. 5. 9: Post haec Antiochia digressus est ad inspiciendas 
 reliquias Traiani quas Attianus, Plotina et Matidia deferebant. 
 
 Dio 69 • I '. x x 8 dAAa kol Kaura/aa avrov kcu avTOKparopa, tov Tpaiavov 
 aVaiSos |U,€TaAA.a£a.vTos, o re 'ArTtavos, 7roX6T^s avrov &v, teal €7TiT/307ros 
 yeyovws kol rj IIAwTtVa i£ epwrix^s <^>iAta9, ttXyjctlov re ovtcl kcu 8vra/«v 
 TToWrjv e^ovra, aTreSet^av. 
 
 Vit. Had. 9. 3-5 : Cum Attiani, praefecti sui et quondam 
 tutoris, potentiam ferre non posset, nisus est eum obtruncare, 
 sed revocatus est, quia iam quattuor consularium occisorum, 
 quorum quidem necem in Attiani consilia refundebat, pre- 
 mebatur invidia. Cui cum successorem dare non posset, quia 
 non petebat, id egit, ut peteret atque, ubi primum petit, in 
 Turbonem transtulit potestatem. 
 
 lb. 8. 7 : Senatus fastigium in tantum extulit difficile faciens 
 senatores, ut, cum Attianum ex praefecto praetorii ornamentis 
 consularibus praeditum faceret senatorem, nihil se amplius 
 habere, quod in eum conferri posset, ostenderit. 
 
 Rom. Mitth. 18 (1903) pp. 63-7: P. Acilius Attianus praef. 
 pr(aetorio) Herculi sancto d. d. 119 
 
 The identity of P. Acilius Attianus, praefectus praetorio, 
 of the inscription published by Littig and Hiilsen, with the 
 Caelius Attianus 120 of the Vita Hadriani, praefectus praetorio 
 under Hadrian, seems certain. 121 Attianus was prefect, with- 
 out doubt, toward the end of Trajan's reign, for he was pres- 
 ent during the last hours with Trajan and helped take his 
 remains to Rome. 122 With Plotina he urged Hadrian to be- 
 come emperor and at once began to give him advice. He was 
 replaced by Marcius Turbo probably in the early part of 119, 
 
 and was enrolled in the senate by Hadrian as a mark 
 of honor. 123 
 
 16 
 
38. T. Flavius Macer 
 
 VIII 5351 (Numidia) : T. Flavio T. f. Quir. Macro, II vir. 
 flamini perpetuo Ammaedarensium, praef. gentis Musula- 
 miorum, curatori frumenti comparandi in annona[m] urbis 
 facto a divo Nerva Traiano, proc. Aug. praediorum saltuum 
 [Hip]ponensis et Thevestini, proc. Aug. provinciae Siliciae. 
 Munici[pes] municipi- 
 
 T. Flavius Macer, who is known only from this inscription, 
 held office in his native town of Ammaedara, Numidia, and 
 after service as praefectus gentis Musulamiorum, 124 which 
 here stands in the place of the militiae equestres, he began his 
 procuratorial service toward the end of Trajan's reign, as 
 curator frumenti comparandi in annonam urbis, an extra- 
 ordinary equestrian official. 1 ' 25 He then became procurator 
 of the imperial domains about Hippo Regius and Theveste in 
 Africa, 126 and imperial procurator of Sicily. 127 These two 
 offices were held after Trajan's death, since in the inscription 
 he is called divus. 
 
 39- f[C.] 128 Iulius Priscus Gallonius Q. Marcius Turbo 
 Fronto Publicius Severus 
 
 Euseb. Hist. eccl. 4. 2 : ^81/ yovv tov avTOKpaTopos Tpaiavov cis 
 iviavTov OKTaiKatSeKCLTOV iXavvovTO? avOis 'IouSaiW klvtjctls €7ravacrra<ra 
 wdfAiroXv TrXrjdos avrtav SucfrOeipev. tv re yap 'AXe$av8pita /cat rfj \017rrj 
 
 AlyvTTTw Kal irpocreTi Kara TLvprjvrjv wpp,r)VTO irpo'i tods (twoikovs 
 
 "EW-qvas o-racrta^eiv. avirjaavr^ re eis /u.e'ya t^v <jto.<tw tw Ittlovti 
 
 cvlclvtw 7roAeyu,ov ov <rp.LKpov avvrjij/av i<j> ovs 6 avTOKparoyp nrtp.ll/e 
 
 MdpKiov Tovp{3<j)va. 
 
 Vit. Had. 5. 8: Lusium Quietum sublatis gentibus Mauris 
 quas regebat, quia suspectus imperio fuerat, exarmavit, Mar- 
 cio Turbone Iudaeis compressis ad deprimendum tumultum 
 Mauretaniae destinato. 
 
 AE 191 1 n. 108 (Rapidum) : [I]ul. Priscus [G]allonius 
 Fronto Marcius Turbo proc. Aug. 
 
 Vit. Had. 6. 7 : Marcium Turbonem post Mauretaniam 
 praefecturae infulis ornatum Pannoniae Daciaeque ad tempus 
 praefecit. 
 
 lb. 7. 3 : Unde statim Hadrianus Roman venit Dacia 
 
 Turboni credita titulo Aegyptiacae praefecturae, quo plus 
 auctoritatis haberet, ornato. 
 
 Ill 1462 (Sarmizegetusa) : Q. Marcio Turboni Frontoni 
 Publicio Severe praef. praet. Imp. Caesaris Traiani Hadriani 
 Augusti p. p., colon. Ulp. Traian. Aug. Dacica Sarmizegetus. 
 
 17 
 
Vit. Had. 9. 4: Cui [Attiano] cum successorem dare non 
 posset, quia non petebat, id egit, ut peteret, atque ubi primum 
 petit, in Turbonem transtulit potestatem; cum quidem etiam 
 Simili alteri praefecto Septicium Clarum successorem dedit. 
 
 Marcius Turbo was a friend of Hadrian on the Parthian 
 expedition of Trajan. He is mentioned with Claudius Livi- 
 anus, who had been praefectus praetorio. 129 In 117 130 he 
 was sent by Trajan to put down the Jewish insurrection in 
 Egypt, 131 but he had evidently not accomplished this when 
 Hadrian became emperor. 132 Shortly after being proclaimed 
 emperor in August, 117, Hadrian sent Turbo to Mauretania, 133 
 as procurator Augusti, 134 to quell an uprising there. This 
 was soon done, for early in 118, 135 Hadrian on his way to 
 Rome through Dacia and Moesia named him as temporary gov- 
 ernor of Pannoniai and Dacia, 136 with the rank of praefectus 
 Aegypti, quo plus autoritatis haberet, but probably not the 
 title, 137 in spite of the statement of Vit. Had. 7. 3. He seems to 
 have held this office about a year, for in the early part of 
 119, 138 apparently while still on the frontier, he was made 
 praefectus praetorio and a memorial (III 1462) was erected 
 in his honor by the colony of Sarmizegetusa. According to 
 Dio 69. 18, Turbo seems to have been in office in 135. 139 This 
 view is strengthened by the fact that in this year Fronto, born 
 probably after 100, was at the height of his fame. Turbo 
 seems to have been still living under Pius. 140 
 
 40. *Flavius Philoxenus 
 
 Unpublished Br em. Pap. in AP IV (1908) pp. 385 ff. : To the 
 strategus Apollonios of 'A7roXXwvo7roXtT^s 'E-n-TaKwixias in the 
 Thebais : 141 c£ em<rTo\rj<i <f>\aviov &i\o$€vov tov Kpariarov ktn<TTpaTrj- 
 yov . (About Il8) 
 
 This is the only mention of Flavius Philoxenus 142 who 
 was epistrategus of the Thebais about 118. 
 
 41. *L. Seius Avitus 
 
 Bull, arch- du comite des travaux hist-, Proces-verbaux des 
 seances 1913 p. CCXIX (Albulae, Mauretania Caes.) : Imp. 
 Caesar divi Traiani Parthici fil., divi Nervae nepos, Traianus 
 Hadrianus Au[g.] pontifex max., trib. pot. II, [cos.] Ill, 143 
 praesidium Sufative 144 per coh. I Flavia. Musulamiorum 
 factum sub cura L. Sei Aviti proc. Aug. (118) 
 
 This is the only mention of L. Seius Avitus, procurator 
 Augusti, the governor of Mauretania in 118. He seems to 
 have been the successor in this office of Marcius Turbo. 145 
 
 18 
 
42. *. . . Bassus 
 Notizie degli scavi 1914 pp. 81 ff. (Liguria) : . . . 
 M. f. Fal. Bassus [prae]f. coh. pr(imae) Antioch(ensium), 
 [praef.] coh. pr(imae) Britton[um, pra]ef. alae Moesic(ae), 
 [pro]c. Imp. Caes- Traia[ni] Hadriani Aug. ad XXXX Gall-, 
 item ad censum agend. Ponto Bithyniae, espistrateg. Pelusio 
 item Thebaidis, proc. provinciae Iudaeae, t(estamento) p(oni) 
 i(ussit). 
 
 Bassus, the son of Marcus, whose cursus is given in this 
 inscription, cannot be identified with either of the other two 
 known to us of the same cognomen, who were holding office 
 at about this time. 146 His whole civil career must have fal- 
 len during Hadrian's reign, for the official name of Judaea after 
 Hadrian was Syria Palaestina. 147 Therefore Bassus held, 
 toward the beginning of Hadrian's reign, the procuratorship 
 ad quadragesimam Galliarum, after which he became pro- 
 curator Augusti ad censum agendum in Pontus and Bithynia. 
 He was then advanced to higher posts, first as epistrategus at 
 Pelusium V48 in Lower Egypt, then as epistrategus of the 
 Thebais, and finally he was appointed procurator of Judaea. 
 
 43. C. Septicius Clarus 
 
 Plin. Epp. 2. 9. 4 : Habet avunculum C. Septicium, quo nihil 
 verius, nihil simplicius, nihil candidius, nihil fidelius novi. 149 
 
 Vit. Had. 9. 5: (quoted under no. 39). 
 
 lb 11. 2. 3: Ergo conversis regio more militibus Brittaniiam 
 petit in qua multa correxit murumque per octoginta milia pas- 
 suum primus duxit, qui barbaros Romanosque divideret. Sep- 
 ticio Claro praefecto praetorii et Suetonio Tranquillo epistu- 
 larum magistro multisque aliis, quod apud Sabinam uxorem in 
 usu eius familiarius se tunc egerant, quam reverentia domus 
 aulicae postulabat successores dedit. 
 
 C. Septicius Clarus was made praef ectus praetorio with 
 Marcius Turbo in the early part of 119. 150 He succeeded 
 Sulpicius Similis. 151 He was removed from office with 
 Suetonius probably while Hadrian was in Britain in 122. 152 
 
 44. Dionysius Milesius 
 
 PhilostratuS Vit. SOpk., I 22 : fxeydXwv fikv ovv tj&ovto [Ato- 
 vvaiosj KaK Toiv 7ro\ea)v, 07ro(rai avrov eirl ao<f>ia iOav/xa^ov, /xeyLaTwv Sc 
 in ^SatriXeoDS. ASptavos yap crar pairrjv fiiv avrov aTre<f>r)vev ovk a<f>avS>v 
 idv&v, KaT€\e$€ 8k tois Srjfxoaia iinr(.vovo~i Kal Tots iv tw M.ovcrei(p (tctov- 
 /Acvois. to oe Movaetov TpdVe^a Atyv7TTta, £vyi<a\ovo~a tovs iv 7rdarj Trj 
 yrj iWoyifiovs. 
 
 19 
 
Dionysius of Miletus, 153 the sophist, was honored in many 
 cities, but especially by Hadrian, who enrolled him among the 
 knights, made him procuratorial governor of some important 
 province, and gave him membership in the Alexandrian Mu- 
 seum. 154 Hadrian later sought to vex him 155 and honored 
 his rivals, Celer 156 and Heliodorus. 157 
 
 45. C. Suetonius Tranquillus 
 
 Plin. Epp. 3.8: C. Plinius Suetonio Tranquillo suo s. Facis 
 pro cetera reverentia, quam mihi praestas, quod tarn sollicite 
 petis ut tribunatum, quern a Neratio Marcello, clarissimo viro 
 impetravi tibi, in Caesennium Silvanum, propinquum tuum, 
 transferam. ( I01 ) 
 
 Vit. Had. 11. 2. 3: (quoted under no. 43). 
 
 The only office of Suetonius 15 ' 8 of which we know, and 
 doubtless the only one he held, is that of imperial (Latin) 
 secretary (epistularum magister) 159 under Hadrian. He did 
 not hoLd the militiae equestres under Trajan so as to qualify 
 for office, as may be gathered from Plin. Epp. 3. 8. He was 
 appointed ab epistulis about 119, probably through the in- 
 fluence 160 of his patron, Septicius Clarus, to whom, while 
 praefectus praetorio, Suetonius dedicated his Lives of the 
 Caesars. 161 He was removed from office along with Clarus, 
 evidently while Hadrian was in Britain, i.e., about 122. 162 
 
 46. Celer 
 
 PhilostratUS Vit. SOph. II 22 : 6 8« Ke'Aeo fSao-ikiK&v ft.lv iirio-TO- 
 Awv dya0os Trpo(TTaT7]<i, fieXerrj Se ovk airo^pwv, Alovvctlw Sc tov €K 
 [xtipaKiov ^povov 8td(j)opo<;. 
 
 Aristides Or. XXVI (ed. Dindorf, p. 519) : Plato in a dream 
 appears to Aristides and asks 7roTos ns,' i<prj, o-ol </mu'vo/z(u ei? 
 
 <7rtoToAas ; p.r] (pavXoTtpo 1 ; tov KeXepos ; tov ypap-pxiTta Brj Xeywv tov 
 f3aaiXiKov. 
 
 Celer was a contemporary of Dionysius of Miletus 163 and, 
 therefore, probably ab epistulis (Graecis) under Hadrian 164 
 
 47. (Mestrius) Plutarchus 
 
 CFG 1713 • AtiTOK/aaropa KcuVaoa Toaiavov 'ASptavbv 2e/?ao"rov. 
 
 to kolvov tS>v Ap.(jiLKTv6vo)v iiri.fxtXrjT€vovTO<; airb AeX^aiv Mco-Tptou 
 UXovrdp^ov tov tepews. 
 
 Syncellus, p. 659. 13 Bonn (in Pros. Ill p. 56) : UXovrapxa 
 Xatocovevs <£i\oo"o<£os iiriTpoirtvt.iv 'EAAdSos virb tov avTOKpaTopos 
 [A8oiavo9] KaTeo-TaBr/ yrjpaXos. 
 
 20 
 
If the inscription refers to Plutarch, the writer, his nomen 
 was Mestrius, a name which he may have received from his 
 friend, Mestrius Floras. 165 It has been assumed from the re- 
 mark of Syncellus that Plutarch, in the later years of his life, 
 about 1 17-120, became procurator of Achaia. 166 Some doubt 
 seems to attach to the assumption, considering the character 
 of Plutarch and what he said about accepting office under the 
 Romans. 167 The statement of Suidas, that Trajan gave 
 Plutarch consular honors, is without foundation. 168 
 
 48. fL. Baebius Iuncinus 
 
 X 6976 (Messana) : L. Baebius L. f. Gal. Iuncinus, praef. 
 fabr., praef., coh. IIII Raetorum, trib. milit. leg. XXII Deio- 
 tarianae, praef., alae Astyrum, praef. vehiculorum, iuridicus 
 Aegypti. 
 
 L. Baebius Iuncinus seems to be the earliest known incum- 
 bent of the praef ectura vehiculorum, an office which he prob- 
 ably held in the early part of Hadrian's reign. 169 He after- 
 ward became iuridicus Aegypti. 110 
 
 49. T. Eppius Latinus 
 
 III 3925 (Neviodunum, Pann. sup.) : T. Eppio T. f. Quir 
 Latino II viro iur. die. munic(ipii) Latob(icorum), proc. 
 Im[p. Caes]aris Traian[i Hadria]ni [Aug.] ad c[ensus 
 a]cc[ipiend(os)] . . . proc. IIII p(ublicorum) Afr(icae) p. 
 d. d. 
 
 T. Eppius Latinus, who is known only from this inscription, 
 was procurator ad census accipiendos in some province under 
 Hadrian, 171 and after holding several offices unknown to us 
 became procurator quattuor publicorum Africae. 
 
 50. Eudaemon 
 
 III 431 (Ephesus) : . . . proc. [Imp.] Caesaris Tra(ia)ni 
 Hadriani [Aug.] ad dioecesin Alexandr., [p]roc. bibliothecar. 
 Graec. et Latin., ab epist. Graec, proc. Lye. Pamp. Galat. 
 Paphl. Pisid. Pont, proc. heredit. et proc. pro[vin]ciae Asiae, 
 proc. Syriae. Hermes Aug. lib. adiut. eius h. c. 
 
 IGR III 1077 (Egypt) : [17 ftovXr) ko]l 6 8r/fio<; . . . ip-ovi, iiri- 
 TpoTrct) [AiiTOKpaTopos Kjcuo-apos TpatavoS ['ASpiai/oi) 2e/3a<r]Tov iirl 
 SioiKrjacws ['AAe^avSpeias, tTrJiTpoTra) ^i[/3]Ato^Koi[v pwfiaiKWV re ko.1 
 e\]\r)VLKS)v, iirl eiriaToXuv £XXr)vii<5>v, e7r[iTpd7r(i> i-jrapx^v Av/aas 
 na^i/jAias FaXaTtas [Ilco-iStas TIovtov Hacf)Xa]yovia<; AvKa[o]via[<;, 
 €7riTpo7ra) kXt)]povoixl(j)v [kou C7rtT/oo7ra)] iirapx^o.<i 'Ao-ta?, 67rtTp[o7ra) 
 Svptas, C7T6Tjoo7ra) €7raj0^e]tas . . . «7rn-[po7ra> . . . 
 
Eudaemon (as Hirschfeld 172 has restored the name), the 
 friend of Hadrian, was first appointed procurator Augusti ad 
 dioecesin Alexandreae. In this office he probably had charge 
 of the finances of the district of Alexandria, or of the whole 
 province under the prefect. 173 He was then placed in charge 
 of the Greek and Latin libraries at Rome. 174 After this he be- 
 came imperial Greek secretary (ab epistulis Graecis), procu- 
 rator of Lycia, Pamphylia, Galatia, Paphlagonia, Pisidia, Pontus 
 and Lycaonia, procurator hereditatium, procurator of Asia, 
 then of Syria, and, finally, as far as we have evidence, of two 
 provinces of which we do not know the names. We do not 
 know whether he held all these positions under Hadrian, but 
 from Vit. Had. 15. 3 we should infer that he did. 175 
 
 51. M. Petronius Sura 
 
 XV 7309 a (Rome) : Imp. Caes. Traian. Hadrian. Aug. sub 
 cur. Petron. Surae proc. Aug. CI. Felix fee. . 
 
 XV 7309 /3 (Rome) : Imp. Caes. Trai. Hadriani Aug. sub 
 cur. Petron. Surae proc. Aug. CI. Felix fee. . 
 
 These inscriptions are found on pieces of lead pipe and we 
 therefore infer that M. Petronius Sura was procurator aqua- 
 rum 176 under Hadrian. He was the father of M. Petronius 
 Mamertinus, praefectus Aegypti, praefectus praetorio, who 
 served under Hadrian and Pius. 177 
 
 52. flulius Fronto 
 
 Jahreshefte 2 (1899) pp. 151 ff. : [Imp. Caes. divi Traiani 
 Parthici f., divi Nervae nepos, T]raia[nus Hadrianus Au]- 
 g[ustus pjontifex m[aximus, tribun]ic. potestat. Ill, co[s- III, 
 p. p. 178 ii]s qui militaverunt i[n classe praet] Misenensi quae 
 est s[ub Iulio Front] one - - - . ( ll 9) 
 
 III p. 875 Dipl. XXXII: Imp. Caesar Traianus 
 
 Hadrianus Aug. - - - iis qui militaverunt in classe praetoria 
 Misenensi quae est sub Iulio Frontone - - - . a. d. XII K. 
 Mart. P. Iuventio Celso II Q. Iulio Balbo cos. 
 
 (Feb. 18, 129) 
 
 Iulius Fronto was prefect of the praetorian fleet stationed at 
 Misenum in 129. If the name has been correctly restored by 
 Tocilesco in the first diploma given above, he was in the 
 same office in 119. 179 The name is not at all certain since only 
 the letters . • . one remain. 
 
53- M. Calpurnius Seneca Fabius Turpio Sentinatianus 
 
 II 1 178 (Baetica) : M. Calpurnio M. f. Gal. Senecae Fabio 
 Turpioni Sentinatiano praef. classis Misenensis, praef. classis 
 praetoriae Ravennatis, proc. provinciae Lusitaniae et Vettoniae, 
 p. p. leg. I Adiutricis, ordo c. c. R. M. Calpurnius Seneca 
 honore usus impensam remisit. 180 
 
 III Dipl. XXXV: iis qui militaverunt in classe prae- 
 
 toria Misenensi, quae est sub Calpurnio Seneca a. d. 
 
 XVII K. Oc. P. Licinio Pansa L. Attio Macrone cos. 
 
 (Sept. 15, 134) 
 
 M. Calpurnius Seneca was procurator of the province of 
 Lusitania and Vettonia, probably under Hadrian. 181 He then 
 became prefect of the fleet at Ravenna and was advanced to 
 the prefecture of the fleet at Misenum, probably about 129, 
 for at this time Iulius Fronto seems to have been in that office 
 ten years. 182 Seneca was holding the office in 134. 
 
 54. *Marcius Moesius 
 
 AP II (1903) p. 440 n. 49 (Alexandria) : ['Av]rtypa^>ov vtto- 
 
 tLvqiAO.Ti<Tfiwv MapKiov Moi<ri[. . . t8i] a> Ao'yw (Zrei) e' 'ASpiavov KatVapofs 
 tov k~]v P lov ®h>9 k. (Sept. 17, 120) 
 
 Marcius Moesius (not Moesianus), 183 who is not mentioned 
 elsewhere, was idiologus of Egypt in 120. 
 
 55. fC. Avidius Heliodorus 
 
 DiO 69. 3 : O T€ AtOVUO-lOS TTpOS TOV ' AoVlBlOV 'RXloSwpOV TOV TO.S 
 
 CTrio-ToAas avrov ['ASpiavov] SiayaydvTa eiTreiv AeyeTai " on Kaiaap 
 XPW aTa ^ v °" ot KaL Tl M v Sowai 8wa,T<u, p-qropa Se ere Troirjcrac ov 
 Suvarat." 
 
 DiO 71. 22 : TrXyv ko.6' oaov 'HAioStooou tivos, dya7rr;Ta)S eis ttjv t^s 
 AlyvxTov rjy€p.oviav i$ i/xireipia<; pr)Topu<r)<; 7rpox^pV°' avTO ' s v ' i0<: V v - 
 
 Ox. Pap. Ill 484 1. 20 : 6 KpaT«rros rjytpMV 'AutSios 'HAid- 
 
 S^pos (ctous) up Ai>To[K ]aropos Kaurapos Tpaiavov 'ASpiavov 
 
 2ePao-Tov Me X «P / • (J an - 28 ' I38 ) 
 
 IGR I I264 (Egypt) : hn 'AowSiov 'KXioSwpov iirdpxov 
 
 AlyvvTov erovs [toi] tov AvTOKpaTopos KatVapos Tltov AiXiov 
 
 'ASpiavov 'Avrioveivov %tfiao-Tov Eiicre^Qovs Meaopr] oKTOKaiSeKar^i. 
 
 (Aug. 11, 140) 184 
 
 BGU I 113 1. I : 'E/c to/xov iTTiKpio-twv Yaiov 'AoviSlov 'HAioSwpov 
 ycvop,£vov r/yepdvos - - - irpbs iiriK P ur[iv] Taiov 'AoviSiov "tiXio8wpov 
 i[vdpx<n> A!y]wrr[o]i) Airo tJ/s irp[o] le KaXavSwv M[apTio>> tJti[s 
 
 23 
 
€<tt]i [to]u [Mje^ftp V Ka «[xP l T ]^s 7r[po i£' KaXavStov IovjviW, [^n]s 
 icrrlv p,[r]v6s IIa^((bv] Ka rov €veo"TaJT05 y V AvTOKpdropos [Kaionpos 
 TjiVov AiAi[ov 'AS/aiavoO > Aj/Jtwv£[iV]ov 2e/?acrT0i) Eixre/Joiis . 
 
 (Feb. 15-May 16, 141) 185 
 
 C. Avidius Heliodorus, 186 the rhetorician from Syria, 187 
 held the office of ab epistulis (Graecis) in the early years of 
 Hadrian's reign, about 120-122. 188 He was promoted during 
 the last years of Hadrian to the prefecture of Egypt, his 
 predecessor being M. Petronius Mamertinus, who was 
 still in office February 13, 135. 189 The earliest known date 
 at which Heliodorus held this position is January 28, 138, 
 and he still held it May 16, 14 1. 190 His successor was 
 Valerius Eudaemon, who took up his duties by the middle 
 of 142. 191 
 
 56. Iulius Pardalas 
 
 BGU I 250 1. 19 '• [a.7rJo yap tov t, V 'ASpiavov tov Kvpiov 'lovXiov 
 TlapSaXav tov yevo/x[e]vov 7rpos tu l8ito [A]oycj> . (122—123) 
 
 This is the only mention of Iulius Pardalas, who was idioio- 
 gus of Egypt in 122-123. 
 
 57. L. Iulius Vestinus 
 
 IGR I 136 (Rome) : 'Ap-^iepel 'AAe^avSpeias kcu AlyvnTov Trao"qs 
 
 AeVKLWL lovXlWL OvfjO'TLVOil KO.I €Tn<TTaTr]L TOV M.OVCTCLOV KCU 67TI TWV Iv 
 
 Voifx-qt /3i(3\io6r}i<C)v Pw/xcukwv re Kat EAA^vikwv Kal iirl rfjs iraiheias 
 ASpiavov rov avTOKparopos Kat i-maToXa, tov clvtov airoKparopos . . . 
 
 The career of L. Iulius Vestinus began without the militiae 
 equestres. He was in the first place president of the Alexan- 
 drian Museum and, probably at the same time, 192 high priest of 
 Alexandria 193 and of all Egypt. He was then advanced to 
 the position of head librarian of the Greek and Roman libraries 
 at Rome, after which he became a studiis ( enl Tr}<; 7rai8e«xs), 
 and finally imperial (Greek) secretary ( cVio-ToAei ). He 
 seems to have held all these offices under Hadrian, although 
 the emperor's name is added only to the last two. 194 . 
 
 58. Hesperus 
 
 IGR IV 571 (Asia.) = CfL III 355 and 14191 1 : 'AoduW 
 
 KoviiJtos Al£ao~€iTwv ap^ovcn fiovXfji Si^awi -^aipuv eVe'crTeiAa 8« 
 
 'EcrTrepw raj iiriTpoTTOi tov 2e/?aa-Tov - - - . Exempl(ar) epistulae 
 
 Quieti scriptae ad Hesperum. Exemplar epistulae scriptae 
 
 Quieto ab Hespero. 
 
 24 
 
Avidius Quietus was proconsul of Asia about 125-6. 195 
 Hesperus was procurator Augusti in Asia at this time. 
 
 59. * Iulius Maximianus 
 
 Pap. Rainer 135 (Wessely, Karanis und Sok. p. 66) : a peti- 
 tion addressed to the epistrategus Iulius Maximianus. 196 
 
 Pap. Cattaoui verso col. II 2 (AP III [1906] p. 63) : 'lovXiw 
 
 M.a£i[uav<S tw yevo/u,[€]vu> 8iko.io86ty) . ( I 39) 19 " 
 
 The reference in these two papyri may well be to the same 
 Iulius Maximianus. 198 The position of epistrategus was lower 
 than that of iuridicus. Maximianus was therefore epistrategus 
 of the Heptanomis before 139, and, since we already know of 
 five epistrategi of this section between 127 and 139, it is prob- 
 able that he held the office not long before 127. 
 
 60. fT. Fl(avius) Titianus 
 
 III 41 (Thebes) : T. Fl. Titianus praef. Aeg. audit Mem- 
 nonem XIII K. April. Vero III et Ambibulo cos. bora I. 
 
 (Mch. 20, 126) 
 
 Hamburg. Pap. I n. 7 H. 5 ff . : a7roypd<f>OfJxu Kara to. v[tt]o Tltov 
 
 <&\[clovlo]v Tiriavov tov Kpo.Tio~Tov ^ye//idv[os ii\poo-TtTa.yi*\_(i\va. . 
 
 ("Etous) 1?' [AvrJo/cpaTopos KatVapos Tpaiavov 'ASpiavov 2e/3a[(rro]i). 
 
 'Eirelcp c'. (June 30, 132) 
 
 T. Flavius Titianus was praef ectus Aegypti at least from 
 March 20, 126 to June 30, 132. 199 He took up office after 
 April 13, 124, the latest known date of T. Haterius Nepos as 
 praefectus Aegypti, 200 and he was succeeded by M. Petronius 
 Mamertinus before November 11, 133. 201 We know nothing 
 of his lower offices. 
 
 61. *Claudius Quintianus 
 
 Ox. Pap. Ill 486 1. 5 : e8d<f>rj 7rapa tov 7raT/oos avT[o]v en a7ro 
 
 tov ia' (erovs) 'Aopiav[o{)] tov Kvpiov aKovcras KAawSio? Kuivnavos 
 
 [6 yev6p.e]vos eVioTjOaTiryos '""['J KAavSiau KoivT[i]avo{) tov yevo- 
 
 fiivov imcrTpa.Tr}yov [tcov] E7rra vo/xaiv . ( 1 26-7) 
 
 This is the only mention of Claudius Quintianus. He was 
 epistrategus of the Heptanomis shortly after 126-7, an d before 
 October 9, the date of the papyrus. 
 
 62. Pompeius Severus 
 
 Bull. COW. hell. II (1887) p. IIO: AvTOKpdrwp Kaiaap 
 
 Tpaiavos 'ASpiavos 2«/3aoros e£o[v<riJas t(o) ta' A8piavo[iroA]et- 
 
 25 
 
TU)V 2,Tpa.T0V€LK€[ui]v TOIS ap^[ou](Tt KOI TTjL ftovXrJL KO.L TU)l BrjfMDl 
 
 X a 'P ei M Ka ' ra ^' iiTLTpoTroiL fjiov [TLo]pLTrr]iwi. Scou [77/3(01]. (127) 
 
 This letter of Hadrian to the people of Stratonice, probably 
 in Lydia, 202 gives us the name of Pompeius Severus, procura- 
 tor of Asia in 127. 
 
 63. *Bassus 
 
 Ox. Pap. II 237 VII 1. 20 (p. 160) : ctovs ifl Oeov 'ABpta- 
 
 vov TLavvi 7)' tov £iri<TT paTTjyov Boto-crov . (June 2, 128) 
 
 The reference is to an appearance before Bassus 203 at some 
 time previous to 128. As Oxyrhynchus lies in the Heptanomis, 
 we infer that Bassus was epistrategus of this division of Egypt. 
 
 64. L. Numerius Albanus 
 
 VI 221 (Rome) : (quoted under no. 27). 
 
 X 7854 = 111 Dipl. XLIV (XXXI) (Sardinia):--- 
 iis qui militant in classe praetoria Ravennate quae est sub 
 
 Numerio Albano a. d. V Id. Oct. L. Aemilio Iunco Sex. 
 
 Iulio Severo cos. (Oct. 11, 127) 
 
 L. Numerius Albanus was prefect of the praetorian fleet at 
 Ravenna in 127. He was probably the same man as the trib- 
 une of VI 221, and from this inscription we know his 
 praenomen. 204 
 
 65. Caelius Florus 
 
 IGR III 739 205 (Lycia) col. Ill 1. 10: Kat'Aios ^Awpos kiri 
 
 T/0O7TOS tov 2e/3aoroij Mvpewv rfj ftovXrj xat'/seiv ■ * 7r ' dp^ttpcos 
 
 Aovkiov Ovi/3r)pe [ivou] Kat'Aios <fr[Ato/>os e?TiT/307ros tov Sc/jWt] ov 
 
 XwfiaTe'fcov fiovXrj Sr/uw ^at'peiv]. (^7) 
 
 lb. Col. IV : Kat'Aios $A(0/oos , 0'rrpap.6[a\ 'A7roAAa>v[t'ov AvS/ot] 
 
 TClUtCOTOtTCj) XpLipeiV KCU Sr)p.0aL(J. [7T/30S T7?v] 7ToAlV ip,S)V €7T£0-TaAKa, 0)5 
 
 t[o.] dvay/<[a]tdTaTa eis ttjv €VTv^(€0-TaTiqv tov [KJvplov rjp,wv iirdvoSov 
 croiuacrao-^at .2 6 (l2o) 
 
 Caelius Florus was procurator Augusti of Lycia and Pam- 
 phylia 207 in 127-8. 
 
 66. M. Vettius Latro 
 
 VIII 8369 (Igilgili, Mauret. Caes.) : Termini positi inter 
 Igilgilitanos in quorum finibus kastellum Victoriae positum 
 est, et Zimiz(es), ut sciant Zimizes non plus in usum se habe- 
 
 26 
 
r(e), ex auctoritate M. Vetti Latronis proc. Aug. qua(m) in 
 circuitu a muro kast(elli) p(edes) D pr(ovinciae) LXXXIX. 
 Torquato et Libone cos. (128) 
 
 M. Vettius Latro was governing procurator of Mauretania 
 Caesariensis in 128, at about the time of Hadrian's second 
 visit to the province. 208 
 
 67. T. Pontius Sabinus 
 
 X 5829 (Ferentinum) in postica: T. Pontius T. f. Pal. Sa- 
 binus praef. coh. I Pann. et Dalmat. eq. c. R., trib., mil. leg. VI 
 Ferrat, donis donatus expeditione Parthica a divo Traiano 
 hasta pura vexillo corona murali, J leg. XXII Primig., J leg. 
 XIII Gemin., primus pilus leg. Ill Aug., praepositus vexilla- 
 tionibus milliaris tribus expeditione Brittanica leg. VII Gemin., 
 VIII Aug., XXII Primig., trib. coh. Ill vig. coh. XIIII urb. 
 coh. II praet., p. p. II, proc. provinc. Narbonens., IIII vir i. d., 
 quinq., flamen, patron, municipi. 
 
 T. Pontius Sabinus was procurator of Narbonensis under 
 Hadrian, probably toward the middle of his reign, since he 
 served in the army several years after the expedition in 
 Britain. 209 
 
 68. M. Maenius Agrippa L. Tusidius Campester 
 
 VII 379 (Britain) : I. O. M. coh. I His. cui prae. M. Maenius 
 Agrip. tribu. pos. 
 
 XI 5632 (Camerinum) : M. Maenio C. f. Cor. Agrippae L. 
 Tusidio Campestri hospiti divi Hadriani, patri senatoris, praef. 
 coh. II Fl. Britton. 210 equitat., electo a divo Hadriano et misso 
 in expeditionem Brittannicam, trib. coh. I Hispanor. equitat, 
 praef. alae I Gallor. et Pannonior. Catafractatae, proc. Aug., 
 praef. classis Brittannicae, proc. provinciae Brittanniae, equo 
 publico . 
 
 Maenius Agrippa seems to have been sent to Britain among 
 the leaders of the expedition of Hadrian in 122, when the wall 
 was built across the island. 211 During his stay there the in- 
 scription VII 379 was erected, while he was praef ectus 
 cohortis primae Hispanorum. After this he was praef ectus 
 alae, so that his first civil position, an imperial procuratorship, 
 the nature of which we do not know, must have been held about 
 128 or 130. Agrippa became afterward prefect of the British 
 fleet and, probably toward the end of Hadrian's reign, proc- 
 urator of the province of Britain. He may have continued in 
 this office during the first years of Pius, for in XI 5632 
 Hadrian is called divus. 
 
 27 
 
69. Plautius Caesianus 
 
 III S. Dipl. XLVI (= XXXIII) : Imp. Caesar 
 
 Traianus Hadrianus Aug. equitib. et peditib. qui milita- 
 
 ver. - - - et sunt in Dacia inferiore sub Plautio Caesiano 
 
 a. d. XI K. April. P. Iuventio Celso II Q. Iulio Balbo cos. 
 
 (Mch. 22, 129) 
 
 III 5177 (Celeia, Noricum) : I. O. M. . . . uconius 
 [p]rimus & Plauti Caesiani proc. Aug. v. s. 1. m. 
 
 Plautius Caesianus has been regarded as a legatus Au- 
 gusti 212 of Lower Dacia, but he seems rather to have been an 
 imperial procurator acting as a semi-independent governor of 
 this section. 213 The above diploma contains the first mention 
 of the divided province, 214 and in 137-8, 215 and again in 
 140, 216 a procurator Augusti governed this part. It seems 
 very improbable that soon after the division a legatus should be 
 governor and within a few years a procurator. The more 
 natural thing to expect would be, that, for a time following the 
 division, a procurator dependent on the legatus of all Dacia 217 
 would be in charge, since under Marcus there were three 
 divisions, each with a procurator, and all subordinate to the 
 legatus Augusti pro praetor e trium Daciarum of consular 
 rank. 2is Platius Caesianus was without doubt identical 
 with the procurator Augusti of Noricum (III 5177) who held 
 office before Marcus 219 and very probably under Pius or a 
 little earlier. 220 
 
 70. *Iulius Varianus 
 
 Ox, Pap. Ill 4^6 1. I : 'lovXito Ovapiavu €7ri<TTpaT^ya> 'Ettt[o 
 vjo/xwv koll 'Apcrivoei [rov (erov?) it ASpiavov KaiVapos <&aw<pi l/3 . 
 
 (Oct. 9, 131) 
 
 This is the only mention of Iulius Varianus, epistrategus of 
 the Heptanomis in 131. 
 
 71. Sex. Cornelius Dexter 
 
 VIII 8934 (Saldae) : Sex. Cornelio Sex. f. Arn. Dextro 
 proc. Asiae, iuridico Alexandreae, proc. Neaspoleos et Mauso- 
 lei, praef . classis Syr., donis militaribus donato a divo Hadriano 
 ob bellum Iudaicum hasta pura et vexillo, praef. alae I Aug. 
 Gem. cok»norum, trib. leg. VIII Aug., praef. coh. V Raetorum, 
 praef. fabrum III, patrono coloniae . 221 
 
 After holding the militiae equestres, Sex. Cornelius Dexter 
 became praef ectus classis Syriacae, a position which he held 
 
 28 
 
during the Jewish war (132-135), as is shown by the state- 
 ment that he received dona militaria for distinction in this 
 war, evidently while commander of the fleet. 222 He then be- 
 came procurator Neaspoleos et Mausolei 223 at Alexandria in 
 the last years of Hadrian, and iuridicus of Alexandria prob- 
 ably in the first years of Antoninus Pius. 224 From this posi- 
 tion he was advanced to the procuratorship of Asia. 
 
 72. Minicius Sanctus 
 
 Ann. mst. arch. 42 (1870) p. 173 n. 4: sub cura Minici 
 Sancti proc. Aug. pr. Crescente lib. n. XLIL Augurin. cos. 
 L. CXXCVI R. (132) 
 
 lb. n. 5 : sub cura Minici Sa . . . pr. Crescente lib. ni. 
 
 The procurator es marmorum were usually freedmen, 225 but 
 under Hadrian, we have the name of Minicius Sanctus, who 
 was a knight. The inscriptions were found in Rome on 
 blocks of Cipollino marble which came from Carystus, Euboea. 
 
 73. *Paconius Felix 
 
 Ox. Pap. II 237 VII 1. 29 : e| V7TOfJL [vT]fMTl(r] fX,S>V HdKWVlOV 
 
 $t/)\i.kos €TncrTpaTr}yov. (trow;) it] Oeov 'ABpiavov, <&au><£i i£' iv rrj vapa 
 avw ^e/3evvvTOv. (Oct. 1 4, 1 3 3) 
 
 This document alone mentions Paconius Felix, who was 
 epistrategus of the Delta, or Lower Egypt, 226 in 133. 
 
 74. L. Aufidius Panthera 
 
 III S. Dipl. XLVII: VI Non. Iul. Q. Flavio Tertullo Q. 
 Iunio Rustico cos. alae I Ulpiae contar(iorum miliariae) cui 
 praest L. Aufidius Panthera Sassin(a). (July 2, 133) 
 
 VII 18 (Britain) : . . . Nep]tu[no] aram C(?) Aufidiu[s] 
 Pantera praefect. clas. Brit. . . . 
 
 These two inscriptions are probably to be referred to the 
 same man. 227 If so, since he was praefectus alae in 133, he 
 without doubt held the prefecture of the fleet in Britain dur- 
 ing the last years of Hadrian's reign. 
 
 75. fM. Petronius Mamertinus 
 
 Ox. Pap. II 237 VIII 1. 43 • *£ virop.vr)fxaTicrp,<i)v ILcTpwvhv 
 
 Ma/xc/orctvou. (Itovs) ir)"A8p (iavov) 'Advp ie'. (Nov. II, 1 33) 
 
 III 44 (Thebes) : [Se]x. Petronius Mamertinus praef. Aeg. 
 audi Memnon. VI Idus Martias Serviano III et Vero c[o]s. 
 Hora dies ante primam (sic). (Mch. 10, 134) 
 
 29 
 
Fayum Towns XXI 1. I : MapKos IleTpdmos Ma/xepTtvos €7rapxos 
 
 AlyvTrTov A[e]y«. (Itovs) irf AvTOKpaVopos Kaio-apos Tpaiavov 
 
 'Aopiavov 2e/?ao-TOV <&ap,£va>0 kc'. (Mch. 22, 1 34) 
 
 BGU I IQ : 'E£ avaTTOfnrrjs ILerpwvLOv Map,[epT]€tvov iTrapypv Alyvrr- 
 rov V 10' 'ASpiavov Kaio-apos tov xvpiov Me^elp u£ . (Feb. II, I 35) 
 
 Ox. Pap. IX 1 195 !• I : 'AiroAAwiau Kpirr^i 8o9cvti vtto IleTpa)- 
 
 vcov MapcpTCi'vov tov Kpariarov ^ytpovos (ctovs) evaK[a(SeK]aTov 
 
 AvTOKpdropos Kaiaapos Tpaiavov ASpiavov 2e/3acrT0v Me^etp evi/a/catSc- 
 k<m> (Feb. 13, 135) 
 
 £«//. com-. 1886 p. 98 n. 1 139 (Rome) : Imp. Antonino 
 
 Aug. II et [B]rutti[o] Praesente II cos. K. M[ar]t. sub 
 
 Petronio Mame[r]tino et Gavio Maximo p[r. pra]et. . 
 
 (139) 
 
 Bull. com. 1885 p. 153 n. 1078 (Rome) : Torquato et 
 
 Herode cos. Idib. Mart, sub Petronio Mamertino et Gavio 
 Maximo pr. pr. . (143) 
 
 Of the lower offices of M. Petronius Mamertinus, 228 we 
 know nothing. He was made praefectus Aegypti between 
 June 30, 132, the latest known date of the prefecture of 
 Titianus, 229 and November 11, 133. He held office until 
 some time between February 13, 135 and the first of 138, when 
 he was succeeded by C. Avidius Heliodorus. 230 The earliest 
 known date of his praetorian prefecture is March 1, 139, but 
 he was probably advanced to this position soon after his pre- 
 fecture of Egypt. In 143 he was still serving as praefectus 
 praetorio with Gavius Maximus. He seems to have died in 
 office, for long afterward Gavius was still prefect alone. 231 
 
 76. Q. Marcius Hermogenes 
 
 III 43 (Thebes) : Q. Marcius Hermogenes praef. classis 
 Aug. 232 Alex, audit Memnonem hora is Nonis Martis Ser- 
 viano III et Varo cos. (Mch. 7, 134) 
 
 From III 43, an inscription on the statue of Memnon in 
 Thebes, we know that in 134 Q. Marcius Hermogenes 233 was 
 prefect of the imperial fleet stationed at Alexandria. 
 
 77. tGellius Bassus 
 
 Ox. Pap. IV J2& '. Itovs ivvea kol SckoVov AvTOKpaVopos Kaicrapos 
 
 Tpa[i]avov ASptavov 2c/3ao-Tov T€/?[i . . .] iir( tc tov KparicrTov 
 
 r}yep.[o]vo<; JlerpwvLOv [Map.]epT€iVov ko.1 tov c7rto-TpaT^[yo]v rcAAibv 
 Ba[o-]o-ov. (Dec. 134-Jan. 135) 
 
 30 
 
BGU\ 19 (Fayum) COl. II 1. 2 : TeXXiov Bdcraov tov K/oaTi'cr- 
 
 tov iirKTTpaTyjyov a.Tr6<f>a(Tiv k€K/oikotos V i& AvTOKpdropos Katcrapos 
 
 Tpaiavov 'ASpiavov %(.fiacrTov Me^elp iS'. (Feb. 8, 135) 
 
 From these papyri we know that Gellius Bassus was epistra- 
 tegus of the Heptanomis 234 in 134-5. He cannot be identified 
 with the Bassus of Ox. Pap. II 237 of the year 128, for there 
 were other epistrategi of the region between these dates. 235 
 
 78. flulius Fidus Aquila 
 
 IGR\ 1 141 (Antinoupolis) : 'Avtivooh 'E7ri<£aveT <MSos 'A/cvAas 
 c7r«TT/oaT?jyos ©^/SaiSos. (Not before 130) 236 
 
 III 45 (Thebes) : Horam cum primam cumque horam sole 
 secundam prolata oceano luminat alma dies vox audita mihi 
 est ter bene Memnonia . . . uila [epistr]ategus Thebaidos 
 fecit cum audit Memnonem XI K. Iun. Serviano III cos. 
 cum Asidonia Galla uxore. (May 22, 134) 
 
 III S. 13796 ( Dacia inf.) : Imp. Caes. Tito Aelio Hadriano 
 Antonino Aug. Pio trib. potes. Ill cos. Ill castra n. burg, et 
 Vered. quod ancuste tenderet duplicato valli pede et in positis 
 turribus ampliavit per Aquilam Fidum proc. Aug. (14°) 
 
 Iulius Fidus Aquila was epistrategus of the Thebais in 134, 
 as we see from III 45, which doubtless refers to him. 237 He 
 took office some time after 130, for the dedication to the deified 
 Antinoos could not have been made before this date. Aquila 
 was procurator of Lower Dacia in 140. He was probably a 
 governing procurator, dependent to some extent at least on 
 the legatus of all Dacia. 238 
 
 79. M. Statius Priscus Licinius Italicus 
 
 VI 1523 (Rome) : [M. Stati]o M. f. CI. Prisco [L]icinio Ita- 
 lico leg. Augustorum pr. pr. prov. Cappadociae, leg. Aug[g.] pr. 
 pr. prov. Brittanniae, leg. Aug[g.] pr. pr. prov. Moesiae super., 
 curato[ri] alvei Tiberis et clacarum {sic vidatur) urbis, c[os.], 
 leg. Aug. prov. Daciae, leg. leg. XIII G. p. f., leg. leg. [X]III 
 Gem. Martiae Victricis, sacerdoti Titiali [Fljaviali, pr. inter 
 cives et peregrines, tr. pi., quaes [t], proc. Aug. XX hereditatium 
 prov. Narbones, et Aquita[n., p]r. eq. alae I pr. c. R., trib. 
 mil. leg. I Adiutr. p. f. et leg. X G. p. [f.] et leg. [Ill] Gallicae, 
 praef. coh. IIII Lingonum, vexillo mi[l. djonato a divo Ha- 
 driano in expeditione Iudaic[a]. Q. .Cassius Domitius Palum- 
 bus. 
 
 At the time of the Jewish war (132-135), the cohors IIII 
 Lingonum was in Britain, 239 the legio III Gallica, in Syria, 240 
 
 31 
 
the legio X Gemma p. /., and the legio I Adiutrix p. /., in Pan- 
 nonia Superior, 241 the ala I pr(aetoria) c(ivium) R(oma- 
 norum), in Cappadocia. 242 Therefore Statius Priscus must 
 have received his dona militaria while tribunus legionis III 
 Gallicae or while praefectus alae I praetoniae civium Roma- 
 norum- 2 * 3 If the latter was the case, he was procurator 
 Augusti XX hereditatium provinciarum Narbonensis et 
 Aquitaniae in the last years of Hadrian's reign ; if the former, 
 he probably did not hold this office until the first of Pius' reign. 
 He was then elected to the quaestorship, and, after other 
 senatorial offices, became consul in 159. 244 
 
 80. T. Statilius Maximus Severus 
 
 IGR I 1226 (Thebes) : Ti//,d0eos ^epKLOKU)fJLy]Tr)<; l^vrjcrdr} iir ayaOui 
 <&i\oTra.7nrov tov [. . .]ws koI Magtjuov %Ta.Ti\iov tSioXdyov twv Aoyiw- 
 TO.TWV . 
 
 Ill 46 (Thebes) : T. Statilius Maximus Se[ve]r[us] Mem- 
 nonem audio hor. I a. d. XII Kal. Mart, anno XX Hadriani 
 Imp. n. (136) 
 
 The Latin inscription refers evidently to the same Statilius 
 Maximus as the Greek, since, in the Greek inscription, he is 
 mentioned with Philopappus, who was contemporary with 
 Trajan. He was therefore idiologus of Egypt in 136. 245 
 
 81. * Claudius Iulianus 
 Pap. Cattaoui V (=AP III [1906] p. 61 col. VI) 11. if: 
 
 iStov Xoyov 'IouAiavoC . "Etovs k 'A&piavov tov Kvpi[ov] 'A$vp kc. 
 
 (Nov. 22, I36) 
 
 Pap. Rainer 107: (cited by P. Meyer in Festschrift zu O. 
 Hirschfeld pp. 151, 160, 162, and by Otto, Priest er u- Temp el 
 I p. 174 n. 1 as "unpubl. P. Rainer 107"). (140) 
 
 Claudius Iulianus was idiologus of Egypt about 136 to 140. 
 
 82. L. Domitius Rogatus 
 
 VI 1607 (Rome) : Dis Manibus. L. Domitius L. f. Quir. 
 Rogato, pontif. minori, proc. Aug. provinc. Dalmat, proc. 
 monetae Aug., ab epistulis Lucii Aelii Caesaris, praef. eq. alae 
 I Aravacorum, trib. mil. leg. VI Victric, praef. coh. I Fl. 
 equitatae, praef. coh. I Dalmatar. accenso velato. Domitia 
 Venusta marito optimo et sibi. 
 
 L. Domitius Rogatus was secretary of L. Aelius Caesar, the 
 
 32 
 
adoptive son of Hadrian, while Aelius was commander in 
 Pannonia with proconsular power, i.e., in 137 and until the 
 death of Aelius on January 1, 138. 246 He was then made 
 procurator monetae Augusti, probably in the last months of 
 Hadrian and, in the first of the reign of Pius, procurator of 
 Dalmatia. 
 
 83. fC. Petronius Celer 
 
 VIII 8813 (Mauretania Sitif.) : ex indulgenti[a I]mp. Caes. 
 Traia[ni] Hadriani Ang. (sic) fines adsignati genti Numi- 
 darum per C. Pet[ro]nium Celerem proc. Aug. prol. (sic) 
 Mauretaniae Cae[sa]resis (sic). 
 
 AE 1895 n. 68 (Mauretania Caes.) : [Pro salute et incolumi- 
 
 tate (?)] Imp. Caes. Traian[i] Hadriani Aug. p. p., 
 
 p. m., tr. pot. XX [I], cos. Ill, procos., auspiciis L. Aeli 
 C[a]esar(is) <imp.>, Imp. fil., cos. termini pos(iti) [injter 
 Regienses et saltum Cu. . . . per C. Petronium Celerem 
 proc. Au[g.] an (no) provin. LXXXXVIII. (137) 
 
 From VIII 8813 and 8814 we know that C. Petronius Celer 
 was procurator Augusti of Mauretania Caesariensis, i.e., gov- 
 ernor of the province, under Hadrian. From VIII 2728, we 
 know that he preceded Porcius Vetustinus, who held the office 
 about 146-149. 24T One date of his term of office is given by 
 L'annee epigraphique 1895 n. 68. The 98th year of the 
 province corresponds to the year 137. 
 
 84. *T. Fl(avius) Constans 
 
 III S. 13793 — m S. 12601a (Dacia inf.) : Imp. Caes. 
 
 Traiano Hadriano Aug., p. m., tr. pot. XXII, cos. Ill, p. p., 
 Suri Sag(ittarii) sub T. Fl. Constante proc. Aug. 
 
 (Between Dec. 10, 137 and Feb. 25, 138) 
 
 III S. 13795 (Dacia inf.) : Imp. Caes. Trai. Hadri. 
 
 Aug. pontif. max., tr. pot. XXIII, 248 cos. Ill, p. p., et Imp. T. 
 
 Ael. Caes. Antonino Trai. Hadr. tr. pot., n. bur- 
 
 g(ariqrum) et Veredarior(um) Daciae inf- sub Fl. Constante 
 proc. Aug. (Between Feb. 25 and July 10, 138) 
 
 T. Flavius Constans was procurator Augusti of Dacia In- 
 ferior in 137-8. The fact that auxiliary troops were placed 
 under this command shows that he was a governing procurator. 
 Von Domaszewski 249 and Hirschfeld 2l5 ° assert that he was 
 under the supervision of the imperial legate of all Dacia; 
 Brandis, 251 that he was independent of the legate. We are 
 not told definitely the relation of the procurator to the legate 
 
 33 
 
at this time, but the view that he was to some extent de- 
 pendent upon him, seems to me more likely. 252 
 
 85. L. Baebius Aurelius Iuncinus 
 
 X 7580 (Sardinia) : L. Ba[e]bio L. f. [G]al. Aurelio Iun- 
 cino, proc. heredit, proc. Aug. praef. prov. Sard., praef. 
 vehicul. ad HS CC, praef, vehicul, ad HS C, proc. ad annonam 
 Ostis ad HS [L]X, proc. b[y]bl[i]othec. ad HS [L]X. . 
 
 L. Baebius Aurelius Iuncinus was probably the son of L. 
 Baebius Iuncinus, 233 who seems to have been a public official 
 at the end of Trajan's reign and during the first of Hadrian's. 
 The son has therefore been considered as having held office 
 during the last of Hadrian's reign and the first of that of Pius. 
 He began his official career as procurator bibliothecarum, at a 
 salary of sixty thousand sesterces. He afterward became 
 procurator ad annonam Ostis, 254 at the same salary, praef ectus 
 vehiculorum, first as centenarius, and then as ducenarius, 255 
 procurator Augusti praef ectus of the province of Sardinia, 256 
 and finally procurator hereditatium. 
 
 86. C. Iulius Celsus 
 
 XIII 1808 (Lugudunum) : C. Iul. C. fil. Quir. Celso Maxi- 
 miano adlecto annorum quattuor in amplissimum ordinem ab 
 Imp. T. Aelio Hadriano Antonino Aug. Pio p. p. C. Iul. C. 
 fil. Quir. Celso, a libellis et censibus, proc. provinciae Lugd. 
 et Aquitanic, proc. patrimoni, proc. XX hereditat. Roma[e], 
 proc. Neaspoleos et Mausolei Alexandriae, proc. XX hereditat. 
 per provincias Narbonens. et Aquitanicam, dilectatori per 
 Aquitanica[e] XI populos, curatori viae Lignariae trium- 
 phal [is] - - - . 
 
 C. Iulius Celsus was evidently the father of C. Iulius Celsus 
 Maximianus who was made a senator by Pius. 257 He there- 
 fore doubtless held at least some offices under Hadrian. He 
 seems to have begun his civil career without the militiae eques- 
 tres. He was, in the first place, curator viae Lignariae 
 triumphalis, 258 and then recruiting officer through eleven of 
 the civitates of Aquitania, 259 after which he was advanced 
 to the procuratorship of the five per cent tax on inheritances 
 in Narbonensis and Aquitania. He was then transferred to 
 Egypt as procurator Neaspoleos et Mausolei, being one of the 
 earliest of these officials whose name we know. 260 He next 
 became successively procurator vicesimae hereditatium at 
 Rome, procurator patrimoni, procurator of Lugdunensis and 
 
 34 
 
Aquitania, and then a libellis et censibus. Mommsen 261 
 thought the department a censibus was merely a part of that 
 a libellis. This inscription is a strong argument in favor of 
 his view. 
 
 87. Claudius Iulianus 
 
 Frg. Vatic. 235: et ita (divi) Hadriani rescripto ad CI. 
 Iulianum praefectum annonae significatur. 
 
 We know of Claudius Iulianus, praefectus annonae under 
 Hadrian, only from this mention of a rescript of the emperor 
 to him. 262 
 
 88. *[Fl]avius Rufus 
 
 XV 7308 (unknown) : [Imp.] Caesar. Hadriani Aug. sub 
 cur. [Fl]avi Run proc. Aug. Felix fecit lib. 
 
 Flavius Rufus was procurator aquarum 2 ™ under Hadrian, 
 as we know from this inscription on a piece of lead pipe. 
 
 89. * Iuncus 
 
 Ath. Mitth. 32 (1907) pp. 286-91 (Asia): A]i>TOKpaTo>[p KaZaap 
 Oeov Tp]aiavov IlapdiKOV [vlbs, 9eov Ne/oow viwvds, Tpaiavos 'ABpiavojs 
 2e/?a<n-os . . . Uepyap,r][vw toTs] apxo[v]<n kcu fiovXrji kcu [t]wi St^/awi 
 
 p(at/3£iv] . . . VK05 6 iTTLTp07TOS p.OV. 
 
 We have in this inscription part of a letter from Hadrian 
 to the magistrates and senate of Pergamum. Preceding it in 
 the same inscription is part of another letter of Hadrian, writ- 
 ten in 1 3 1-2. Probably, therefore, the procurator mentioned, 
 whose cognomen was evidently Iuncus, served sometime be- 
 tween this date and the end of Hadrian's reign. He may have 
 been identical with Aemilius Iuncus, procurator of Syria, 
 as it seems, who is mentioned in an inscription found at 
 Beirut. 264 
 
 go. *Marcius Cyrenicus 
 
 Bull, com 191 1 p. 247 (Rome) : Imp. Hadriani Aug. n. sub 
 cura Marci Cyrenici proc. Aug. fee. Lucifer lib. 
 
 This recently found inscription on a fistula plumbea gives 
 us a new name among the procurators aquarum 265 of Had- 
 rian. 
 
 91. Trebellius Marinus 
 
 XV 7311 (Rome): Imp. Caes. Trai. Hadriani Aug. sub 
 cur. Trebelli Marini proc. Martialis ser. fee. 
 
 Trebellius Marinus was likewise a procurator aquarum 2 ™ 
 at some time during the reign of Hadrian. 
 
 35 
 
92. fL. Valerius Proculus 
 
 II 1970 267 (Malaca, Baetica) : L. Valerio L. f. Quir. Pro- 
 culo, praef. cohort. IIII Trachum 268 Syriacae, trib. milit. 
 legionis VII Claudiae p. f. . . . praef. classis Alexandrin. et 
 Potamophylaci(ae), proc. Aug. Alpium Maritumar., delectatori 
 Aug. pro. . . . provinc. veteris Hispan. Baetic, proc. provinc. 
 Cappadociae, proc. provinciae Asiae, proc. provinciarum trium 
 [Gallia] r. [proc. a rationib.] Aug., [prae]f. [arm] on., 
 [praef. Aegypti.] R. p. Malacit. patrono d. d. 
 
 VI 1002 (Rome) : [Imp. Caesari . . . ] T. Aelio 
 
 Hadriano Antonino Aug. Pio. pont. max., trib. potest. VII, 
 imp. II, cos. Ill, p. p., corpus pistorum. praef. L. Valeri 
 Proculi . (144) 
 
 Ox. Pap. II p. 208 : a.7roypd<f>op.a.L K[ara] Ta KcXtvaOivTa. virb 
 OvaXepiov UpoKXov tov rjyep.6vo<i. a.Troypd<pop.ai 77700s tt)v tov BlzXOov- 
 tos $ (Itous) AvT<oveivov KatVapos tov Kvpiov . (l45"6) 
 
 From the papyri we know that L. Valerius Proculus was 
 prefect of Egypt about 145-7, and since from seven to nine 
 offices preceded this one, the early part of his career at least 
 must have fallen under Hadrian. Proculus was, in the first 
 place, praef ectus classis Alexamdrinae et potamo phylaciae, 2Q9 
 the praef ectus potamo phylaciae being in charge of the police 
 of the Nile and of the collection of customs. The two posi- 
 tions may have been held at the same time as the et seems to 
 indicate, but they were not always so held at this period. 270 
 Proculus was then advanced to the position of procurator 
 Augusti Alpium Maritumarum, and then to that of imperial 
 recruiting officer in some province, possibly Africa. 271 After 
 this he became successively, procurator (probably) of Bae- 
 tica, 272 of Cappadocia, 273 of Asia, 274 and of the three 
 Gauls. 275 From VI 1002, Proculus is known to have been 
 praef ectus annonae in 144. As prefect of Egypt he succeeded 
 Valerius Eudaemon, 276 at least as early as 145-6, and was in 
 turn succeeded by M Petronius Honoratus 277 about 147. 
 
 93. *Verridius Bassus 
 
 Bruns, Fontes iuris Romani 278 p. 302 n. 116 col. II: Sermo 
 
 procurato[rum Im]p. [C]aes. Hadriani Aug. . 
 
 col. IV: [E]arnus et Dor[ypho]rus Primige[nio s]uo 
 salutem. Exemplum epistulae scriptae nobis a Tutilio Pudente 
 
 36 
 
egregio yiro ut notum haberes et it quod subiectum est [ce]- 
 leberrimis locis propone. Verridius Bassus et Ianuarius Mar- 
 tiali suo salut[em] . 
 
 The position which Bassus held is a disputed point. Carco- 
 pino 279 makes him a rationibus under Hadrian; Mispoulet 280 
 thinks he was procurator regionis; Rostowzew 281 and Schul- 
 ten 282 think he was procurator tractus (Karthaginiensis) . In 
 any case, he was a knight. 283 
 
 94. *Tutilius Pudens 
 
 Bruns, Fontes iuris Romani p. 302 n. 116: (quoted under 
 no. 93). 
 
 Schulten 284 thinks that Tutilius Pudens was a rationibus 
 under Hadrian ; Rostowzew, 285 that he was procurator tractus 
 (Karthaginiensis), a predecessor of Verridius Bassus; Car- 
 copino 286 and Mispoulet 287 also consider him a procurator 
 tractus (Karthaginiensis), and therefore a knight. 
 
 95- *[E]arinus 288 
 
 Bruns, Fontes iuris Romani p. 302 n. 116: (quoted under 
 no. 93). 
 
 Schulten 289 makes [EJarinus procurator tractus (Karthagi- 
 niensis). Carcopino 290 thinks he was a procurator regionis, a 
 libertus, the immediate subordinate of Tutilius Pudens, whom 
 he thinks was procurator tractus; Rostowzew 291 also con- 
 siders him merely a procurator saltus or regionis, for, as he 
 says, from his name we know that he was a freedman. 
 
 96. L. Villius Atilianus 
 
 X 6090 (Formiae) : L. Villio C. f. Tromen. Atiliano praef. 
 fabr., praef. coh., trib. milit, proc. Aug., patron, colon., qui 
 rogatus ab ordine pariter et populo gladiatori muneris publici 
 curam susciperet, fecit et explicito quod promiserat impendium 
 bigae quam populus ex collatione legativi epuli offerebat 
 remisit eo anno quo et optimus Imperator Hadrianus Augustus 
 etiam duumviratus honorem suscepit . 
 
 L. Villius Atilianus is known only from this inscription. Af- 
 ter holding the mildtiae equestres he became a procurator of 
 Hadrian. 
 
 (For addenda, see page 76, following notes.) 
 37 
 
CHAPTER II 
 
 The Reforms of Hadrian as they Affected the Equites 
 
 The regular Roman practice from the time of Augustus was 
 to require that the knight who wished to serve in the civil 
 offices which were open to him must hold certain preliminary 
 military positions which, because of this practice, came 
 in time to be known as the militiae equestres. 1 Hadrian 
 was the first emperor to separate the civil from the military 
 career and to admit knights to the imperial civil service with- 
 out a preliminary military service. 2 This followed as a nat- 
 ural result of his reforms in this department. Men who had 
 received a training in military matters, however thorough that 
 training might have been, were not fitted by it for those civil 
 offices which were to be entrusted to them, since they lacked 
 the necessary knowledge and training in civil affairs. 3 Be- 
 ginning with Hadrian training for the procuratorships was 
 received in such offices as the newly created post of advocatus 
 fisci, the position of secretary to the praetorian prefect, as- 
 sistant in the imperial council, or other lower offices. 4 Of the 
 knights in the civil service under Trajan whose cursus 
 honorum are given in inscriptions, there is not one who did not 
 serve in the militiae equestres before his civil career. The 
 nearest approach to the absence of military service is in the 
 case of T. Flavius Macer, 5 who was merely praefectus gentis 
 before holding a procuratorship. Hadrian, however, began at 
 the very first of his reign to employ equites who had not 
 served in the army, as in the case of Suetonius. 6 Other ex- 
 amples are Iulius Vestinus, 7 Eudaemon, 8 Eppius Latinus, 9 
 C. Iulius Celsus, 10 and possibly L. Baebius Aurelius Iuncinus. 11 
 It is doubtful if Avidius Heliodorus 12 held a military office. 
 There were still, of course, those who passed through the 
 ordinary military service ; but the practice of allowing men to 
 follow a purely civil career began with Hadrian. 
 
 A policy of Hadrian which had far reaching effects was 
 the employment of knights instead of freedmen in all the 
 higher administrative positions. 13 He completed the separa- 
 
 38 
 
tion of the administration of the imperial household from that 
 of the empire and brought to full completion the idea which 
 had been forming for some time, of an imperial civil service 
 in which each office had somewhat the character of a magis- 
 tracy. 14 Equites had occasionally been appointed to most of 
 the court positions, 15 but their appointment was largely of 
 temporary significance. 16 Hadrian was the first emperor to 
 employ them consistently in all the higher positions. In the 
 statement of Spartianus, Vit. Had. 22. 8 : [Hadrianus] ab 
 epistulis et a libellis primus equites Romanos habuit, the primus, 
 although really incorrect, may be taken merely as somewhat 
 inexact, 17 and as meaning that Hadrian first considered the sec- 
 retaryship (in particular) as a position to be given henceforth 
 only to knights and at a fixed place in their career. 18 The em- 
 ployment of a knight as head of the department ab epistulis goes 
 back to Otho, when Secundus, probably the Iulius Secundus 
 of Tacitus' Dialogus, filled this position. 19 Domitian seems 
 to have employed Dionysius of Alexandria as ab epistulis, and 
 he certainly placed Cn. Octavius Titinius Capito in this posi- 
 tion, probably in the latter part of his reign, for Capito was 
 continued in office during the reign of Nerva and into that of 
 Trajan. 20 So far as we know, Trajan did not employ a knight 
 as secretary during the remainder of his reign ; he did, how- 
 ever, employ several f reedmen in this capacity. 21 There is 
 every indication that Hadrian gave the secretaryship, definitely 
 to the equites. We know the names of six equestrian sec- 
 retaries during his reign: one Latin, C. Suetonius Tranquil- 
 ity ; 22 four Greek, Avidius Heliodorus, 23 Eudaemon, 24 L. 
 Iulius Vestinus, 25 Celer; 26 and the Latin secretary of Aelius 
 Caesar, L. Domitius Rogatus. 27 Previous to Hadrian there 
 must have been a division of this department into a Latin 
 section and a Greek section, 28 but the supervision of the whole 
 had been given to one man. Hadrian appointed a man at 
 the head of each section. Suetonius seems to have been the 
 first Latin secretary under Hadrian 29 and Heliodorus was 
 perhaps his first Greek secretary. The division of the depart- 
 ment was doubtless due to a desire for artistic expression, a 
 desire which is shown especially by the kind of men appointed 
 by Hadrian as secretaries, all of them, so far as known to 
 us, being trained rhetoricians or writers. 30 Before Hadrian 
 rhetoricians had occasionally been employed as secretaries, as 
 in the case of Iulius Secundus and Dionysius of Alexandria ; 
 
 39 
 
but Hadrian began the practice of regularly choosing literary 
 men for this position. 31 
 
 We do not know the attitude of Trajan toward the depart- 
 ment a libellis, since no officer of this department during his 
 reign is known to us. T. Haterius Nepos 32 held the position 
 during the first years of Hadrian's reign and he may have 
 been the first eques to hold it. At least for fifty years there 
 is no indication of the employment of a knight as a libellis. 33, 
 Hadrian likewise employed knights in the position a studdis 34 
 where in the first century freedmen appear. 35 L. Iulius 
 Vestinus 36 held this position. No example of the officer 
 occurs under Trajan. 
 
 In the first century of the empire, the highest financial offi- 
 cer in the emperor's service, the procurator a rationibus, was 
 so far as known to us, a freedman. 37 Trajan 38 raised the 
 standard of the central bureau by appointing a knight, 
 L. Vibius Lentulus, 39 as procurator Augusti a rationibus. We 
 know of no freedmen who held the office under Trajan. Len- 
 tulus held it not long before 114 after several important 
 procuratorships. 40 Therefore, even if Trajan at first em- 
 ployed freedmen in the position a rationibus, he soon gave it 
 to the knights as an important function, and he would hardly 
 have lowered the office afterward by restoring it to the liberti. 
 Trajan, therefore, adopted and expanded the policy of 
 Domitian, which seems to go back to Otho and Vitellius, of 
 employing knights in the higher positions of the emperor's 
 service, as in the case of Capito, ab epistulis 41 We have no 
 sure example under Hadrian of the a rationibus , 42 but from 
 the fact that Trajan employed at least one knight (and prob- 
 ably more) as procurator Augusti a rationibus, and that at 
 least two knights 43 held the position under Pius with the 
 same title, we can, in the light of the statement of Vit. Had. 
 21. 2: [Hadrianus] libertos suos nee sciri voluit in publico 
 nee aliquid apud se posse, safely assume that Hadrian ap- 
 pointed only knights to this position. 44 He gave much care 
 to the finances of the empire, as we are told in Vit. Had. 20. 
 1 1 : omnes publicas rationes ita complexus est ut domum 
 privatam quivis pater familias diligens non satius noverit 45 
 and his first thought must certainly have been for the central 
 administration. 
 
 Hadrian not only kept the standard of officials high in the 
 financial department but he also gave the fiscus a defender 
 
 40 
 
before the courts and systematized the work of the department. 
 We are told by Spartianus that advocati fisci were first ap- 
 pointed by Hadrian; Vit. Had. 20. 6: fisci advocatum primus 
 instituit* 6 We know of no incumbent of the office during 
 his reign nor do we know whether he at first appointed one 
 advocatus, as the form of expression in the vita would seem 
 to indicate, 47 or several, of whom some were to officiate in the 
 provinces. From VIII 1174 4S it would seem that in the time 
 of Pius at least there were advocati fisci who officiated outside 
 of Rome, and Hirschfeld 49 thinks it probable that Hadrian 
 began the practice of appointing them for the provinces. 
 
 In the administration of the patrimonium a change seems to 
 have been introduced about the time of Hadrian, and Hadrian 
 may have been the author of the change. 50 The procuratores 
 a patrimonio of the first century were of higher rank than 
 those after Hadrian. In the first century the office ranked 
 with the secretaryship and the a libellis. 51 Its high rank was 
 doubtless due to the fact that the administration of inheritances 
 bequeathed to the emperor was looked upon as subordinate to 
 this department and that probably the supervision of the whole 
 of the patrimonium and of inheritances was placed under the 
 procurator a patrimonio. 52 There are no examples of this 
 officer under Trajan or Hadrian. After Hadrian knights were 
 usually appointed, but the office preceded the procuratorship of 
 the five per cent tax on inheritances. Perhaps the field of 
 activity of the procurator patrimonii at Rome was limited to 
 Italy; 53 at any rate the supervision of inheritances was taken 
 from him and given fully into the charge of the procurator 
 hereditatium. This is shown by the decrease in importance of 
 the procuratorship of the patrimonium and the increase in im- 
 portance of the administration of inheritances. From the be- 
 ginning of Hadrian's reign the office was always given to 
 knights, was held after provincial procuratorships, and re- 
 ceived, at least in the course of the second century, a salary 
 of 200,000 sesterces. 54 It seems to me safe to ascribe this 
 change chiefly to Hadrian, for at the beginning of his reign 
 T. Haterius Nepos 55 was procurator hereditatium after 
 having been procurator of Armenia Major and procurator 
 ludi magni, i.e., evidently after the office had been increased 
 in importance. Eudaemon, 56 and probably L. Baebius Aurelius 
 Iuncinus, 57 also held the office during Hadrian's reign. Both 
 had previously held important provincial procuratorships. 
 
 41 
 
The vicesima hereditatium seems to have been farmed out 
 down to the time of Trajan. 58 In the first century few procu- 
 rators and subordinates in this department appear, 59 but after 
 Hadrian especially large numbers of procurators and lesser 
 officials 60 are found for the administration of the tax in 
 Rome, Italy, and the provinces, while no sure sign of the farm- 
 ing system occurs. We can but assume, therefore, that the 
 system of direct collection was introduced about the time of 
 Hadrian. 61 We know of no imperial officials under Trajan 
 for the collection of the tax in the provinces, but two are 
 found during Hadrian's reign for one district, Narbonensis 
 and Aquitania. 62 This seems to show that Hadrian gave a 
 strong impulse 63 toward direct collection, even though he 
 may not have begun the practice. It has been assumed 6i that 
 Hadrian was the first to appoint a central administrator of this 
 tax at Rome. We have, however, for Trajan's reign three 
 examples 65 of the procurator XX hereditatium, evidently all 
 at Rome since no province is given, and the rank of at least 
 two seems to show that they held the position 66 of central 
 administrator. 
 
 The substitution of direct for indirect collection of duties 
 began even under Domitian and continued during the second 
 century. It is impossible to say just how much of this change 
 can be attributed to Hadrian, but the appearance of several 
 procurators of various duties during and immediately after 
 his reign shows that he hastened the change. Rostowzew 6T 
 thinks that the Illyrian district was established and that the 
 duty was organized by Hadrian. The duty was farmed at first, 
 but under Pius appear tax farmers who were also imperial 
 officials. It has been thought 68 that the XL Galliarum was 
 farmed out until toward the end of the second century, when 
 there seemed to be an intermingling of imperial supervision 
 with farming of the tax. It is now known, however, that this 
 tax was collected under the direction of imperial procurators 
 even in the time of Hadrian, for a recently found inscription 
 gives Bassus, 69 proc. Aug. ad XXXX Gall., during his reign, 
 the earliest known procurator of this tax. The collection of 
 the quottuor publicorum Africae was supervised in the time 
 of the Flavians by freedmen as procurators. 70 The standing 
 of the department was raised at least by the period of Hadrian, 
 as is shown by the appearance during his reign of a knight, 
 Eppius Latinus, procurator) IIII p(ublicorum) Afr(icae). 71 
 
 42 
 
L. Caninius Valens, 72 procurator of the same duty, falls 
 about this time or a little later. Q. Saenius Pompeianus, 73 
 cond(uctor) IIII p(ublicorum) Afr(icae) appears under Pius. 
 The portoria in Sicily were collected directly even in the time 
 of Domitian, as is shown by the example of C. Vibius 
 Salutaris, 74 promagister portuum provinciae Siciliae. 
 
 Augustus established the imperial post 75 but Hadrian made 
 it a state institution over the whole empire, with fixed stations 
 which he placed under the supervision of imperial officials. 76 
 By fixing the stations and otherwise regulating the post, and 
 especially by putting imperial praefecti in charge of it, the 
 municipal magistrates were relieved of responsibility, but the 
 expense still fell upon the municipalities^ Otherwise there 
 would be no point to the statement in Vita Pii 12. 3 : vehicu- 
 larium cur sum summa dtiigmMa sublevavit. The new office 
 of praefectus vehiculorum which he established, Hadrian gave 
 to the equites, 77 L. Baebius Iuncinus 78 being probably the first 
 known incumbent ; he seems to have served early in Hadrian's 
 reign. L. Baebius Aurelius Iuncinus, 79 who was perhaps his 
 son, was also praefectus vehiculorum and may have officiated 
 in the latter part of the same reign. 
 
 Down to the time of Trajan the officials who took the cen- 
 sus in whole provinces were of senatorial rank ; 80 but he began 
 the practice of appointing knights to this post, as we see 
 from the occurrence of T. Visulanius Crescens, 81 censor of 
 Lower Germany in the early or middle part of his reign. Since 
 he began the practice thus early, he probably employed other 
 knights later in the same capacity. Hadrian showed his pre- 
 ference for officials of equestrian rank by continuing and 
 doubtless extending the practice. We have, however, only 
 two examples of these officials for his reign: Bassus, 82 
 proc(urator) Aug(usti) ad censum agend(um) Ponto Bithy- 
 niae, and T. Eppius Latinus, 83 census taker of some unknown 
 province. Both of these men seem to have held office in the 
 early part of Hadrian's reign. 
 
 From the statement of Vit. Had. 18. 1 : cum iudicaret, in 
 consilio habuit non amkos suos aut comites solum sed iuris 
 consultos et praecipue Iuventium Celsum, Sakrium Iulianum, 
 Neratium Priscum, aliosque, quos tamen senatus omnes pro- 
 basset, Cuq 84 assumes that Hadrian chose only senators as 
 members of his consilum. Hirschfeld 85 is certainly right in 
 opposing this view, because it would seem to be against the 
 
 43 
 
tendency of his reign to employ only senators, and on account 
 of the definite statement of Vit. Had. 8. 8-9: equites Romanos 
 nee sine se de senatoribus nee secum iudicare permisit; erat 
 enim tunc mos ut cum princeps causas agnosceret, et senatores 
 et equites Ronwnos in consilium vocaret et sententiam ex 
 omnium deliberatione proferret. The position of consiliarius 
 was provided by Hadrian with a salary. 86 
 
 Through the inscriptions discovered in Africa in recent 
 times, the ara legis Hadrianae 87 the decree of Commodus 
 concerning the Saltus Burunitanus, 88 which refers to the con- 
 ditions of the lex Hadriana, and the lex Hadriana de rudibus 
 agris, 89 we are given some idea of the interest which Hadrian 
 took in the administration of the imperial domains. 90 It is clear 
 that he dealt in a detailed manner with all aspects of the ad- 
 ministration of the emperor's domains, at least in Africa. The 
 equites were employed in the higher positions of this depart- 
 ment, but we have no means of telling to what extent Hadrian 
 may have increased their number or importance; still we can 
 hardly doubt that he did both. Under Trajan we have the 
 name of one of these procurators who stood at the head of 
 the emperor's domains in the Thracian Chersonese, 91 while for 
 the reign of Hadrian three equestrian procurators of the dis- 
 tricts of Africa are known to us by name. 92 
 
 Hadrian was not the first to employ equites as procuratores 
 aquarum, as was formerly thought. 93 These officials were 
 taken from the freedman class in the first century, 94 and dur- 
 ing at least a part of the reign of Trajan. 95 Later, however, 
 Trajan changed his policy toward the department and began 
 the practice of employing knights. 96 C. Pomponius Hyllus 97 
 was procurator aquarum at some time after 103, and two other 
 possible cases 98 occur for this period. Under Hadrian we have 
 the names of four knights 99 as procuratores aquarum, but 
 there is no evidence that Hadrian ever made use of freedmen 
 in this capacity. 
 
 As has been shown, the emperors before Hadrian beginning 
 with Otho and Vitellius employed equites occasionally in 
 some of the higher court positions of their service. 100 Under 
 Trajan especially freedmen were displaced by equites in a 
 number of important positions. 101 Hadrian, however, em- 
 ployed members of the equestrian order consistently in those 
 offices in which his predecessors had occasionally done so. 102 
 He likewise increased the importance of certain departments 
 
 44 
 
and placed them in charge of knights. 103 He divided the sec- 
 retaryship and placed a knight at the head of each division. 
 He created the office of advocatus fisci and made it the first 
 step in the new equestrian civil career. Similarly, because of 
 his active interest in the finances of the empire, a larger num- 
 ber of equites were employed in certain financial offices al- 
 ready existing. 104 He displaced senators in some divisions of 
 the census 105 and employed a larger proportion of knights 
 here as well as in collecting duties and in the administration of 
 the imperial domains. Because of these reforms we should 
 expect to find a larger number of the equestrian order in the 
 emperor's service during Hadrian's reign than in previous 
 reigns. 106 From the material given in the first chapter we 
 have a basis for comparing the number of equestrian officials 
 who served during the reign of Hadrian with those who served 
 under Trajan. iThese reigns were of practically the same 
 length; but although Trajan was more favorable to the 
 equites as civil officials than his predecessors had been, we 
 find the names of only 39 107 holding office during his reign 
 compared to 57 108 for the reign of Hadrian, an increase of 
 nearly one half. A more decisive result is obtained by com- 
 paring the number who started service during Hadrian's 
 reign with those who started under Trajan. Of these we 
 have the names of 50 109 for Hadrian and 28 110 for Trajan. 
 These numbers, which more nearly represent Hadrian's at- 
 titude toward the equites as imperial officials, show a gain of 
 nearly 79 per cent. 
 
 A comparison of the positions in the emperor's service filled 
 by the equites under Trajan with those which they had held 
 under earlier emperors shows that Trajan employed members 
 of this order in several important positions where formerly 
 freedmen had served. A comparison of the offices which 
 existed during the reign of Hadrian with, those existing pre- 
 viously shows that Hadrian introduced a number of important 
 reforms in the administration of the empire. A further 
 comparison of the status of those who held various offices 
 under Hadrian with the status of those who held the same 
 offices previously, in connection with the numbers given above, 
 shows conclusively that Hadrian employed the equites to a 
 far greater extent in administrative positions than did the em- 
 perors who preceded him. 
 
 45 
 
NOTES TO INTRODUCTION AND CHAPTER I 
 
 1 The fourth volume of this work, which has been, promised since the 
 publication of the other three (1898-9), but seems unlikely to appear 
 soon, is to contain lists of officials. The work of Otto Hirschfeld has 
 contributed much to the study of the officials of the first three cen- 
 turies of the empire. His book (Die romischen V erwaltungsbeamten 
 bis auf Diocletian, 2 Aufl., Berlin, 1905) and various articles must be 
 consulted continually by all who study any part of this field. He has 
 not, however, brought together in any one place the officials of the 
 period with their cwrsus honorum. 
 
 2 There are 23 such names; they are indicated by a star (*). 
 
 3 These are indicated by a dagger (t). 
 
 4 As a rule, only those references are given which help to fix the 
 name, cursus, or dates of offices of the official under consideration. 
 Missing portions of inscriptions and papyri are indicated by 
 dots (...); omitted portions of references and quotations in gen- 
 eral are indicated by dashes (---). All dates are after Christ 
 The years of inscriptions, etc., when known, are indicated in paren- 
 theses. References to the officials enumerated in this paper are made 
 by number (abbreviated thus: no. 1, etc.). The abbreviation n. 
 used in references to other works means note or number, as the case 
 may be. 
 
 6 Pros. II p. 308 n. 320. 
 
 6, Cagnat, Cours p. 193. Ill S. 14147 2 shows that Trajan received 
 the title pater patriae before Sept. 18, 98. 
 
 7 Cantarelli, p. 81 n. 34, is inclined to assign the inscription 
 to the end of 97. Stein in PW III 1401 (under n. 112), evidently 
 does not date it so early, for he says of Planta that from Compt. 
 rend. acad. ins. 1896 p. 40 = III S. 14147 2 we know "dass er schon in 
 der ersten Halfte des J. 98 Praefect von Aegypten war," and does not 
 mention IGR I 1154 = Rev. arch. 1889 p. 70. 
 
 8 iCf. Thesaurus I. L. onomast. II col. 42. The form Caesarensis oc- 
 curs sometimes in texts and often in inscriptions. For other examples, 
 see reference. 
 
 9 Klebs in Pros. I p. 266 n. 142, does not assign him this office as 
 held in Pannonia nor does PW III 1309 n. 2, although he seems dearly, 
 from III S. 10224, to have held it. This inscription seems to have 
 been cut during or shortly after the Dacian war of Domitian (85-87), 
 for the name of the emperor is not given; cf. Ljubic ap. CIL III S 
 10224 note, and Filow in Klio I Erganzungsbd. 6 Beih. 48 n. 3. 
 
 10 Fay urn Towns, p. 305 n. 251, gives beginning of a petition to C. 
 Minucius Italus, prefect. Grenfell and Hunt always use this spelling 
 of the nomen (Fayum Towns I. c, Amherst Pap. II pp. 70, 71, 242). 
 
 11 For a comparison of this inscription with V 875, see Gardthausen 
 
 46 
 
in Phil. 66 (1907) pp. 481-90. He also discusses the career of 
 Minicius. — AE 1893 n. 91 reads : C. Minicio C. f . Vel. Italo - - - 
 
 [ proc....] Tusciae proc. provinc. Asiae proc. provinc[ia]r. 
 
 Lugdunens[is et] Aqui[t]an[ic], praef. annonae, praef. Aeg. . 
 
 Cagnat remarks, "il y a ici, dans 1'enumeration de ses fonctions, 
 quelques variantes ; mais peutetre, a un nouvel examen de la pierre, 
 disparaitraient-elles." The difference that is noticeable in the civil 
 offices is Tusciae before proc. provinc. Asiae, where in V 875 we 
 have proc. provinc. Hellespont. 
 
 12 Revised reading instead of £[ T ]«> given in AP II (1903) p. 137, 
 Wilcken; cf. ib. p. 124, and index of BGU III p. 21. This reading 
 makes the year 101-2. 
 
 is Cf. AP II (1903) p. 137. 
 
 14 Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 pp. 387 f . We may assume that the emperor 
 hesitated thus to interfere in the government of a senatorial province. 
 Even in imperial provinces, governed by legati Augusti, the substitution 
 of a procurator was rare, if we may judge from the examples known 
 to us. Marcius Turbo held an extraordinary military command in 
 Pannonia and Dacia and was not a substitute governor (see below 
 no. 39) ; Catus Decianus, procurator in Britain in 61 (Tac. Ann. 14. 
 32), was probably not an acting governor; cf. Keyes, Rise of the 
 Equites in the Third Century of the Roman Empire, Princeton, 1915, 
 p. 3 n. 2. A case of a procurator taking the place of a legatus in 
 Judaea is mentioned in III 5776, surely before Septimius Severus (cf. 
 Hirschfeld, op.cit. p. 3'88). These two or three scattered cases are 
 without doubt the first manifestation of the rise of the equites in 
 the third century ; cf . Keyes, op. cit. pp. 3 f . 
 
 15 Waddington, Fastes Asiatiques p. 162, conjectured that he took 
 the place of Civica Cerialis, killed at the command of Domitian dur- 
 ing his proconsulate. 
 
 16 Cf . Mommsen's note in V 875, "quod Lactora Traiani aetate ita 
 nominatur, ut Aquitania non videatur comprehendi, pertinet sine 
 dubio ad originem provinciae quae postea fuit Novempopulana." 
 The name Novempopulana was kept even after more districts were 
 included; cf. Ihm in PW II 336. The inscription of Italus, however, 
 seems to be the first evidence of the district of Lactora ; cf . Hirschfeld 
 in Comm. Momms. p. 440 n. 30; Marquardt, p. 283 n. 4. 
 
 17 IGR I 1 175; see below no. 12. 
 
 18 See below no. 23. 
 
 19 Cf. Crenfell and Hunt, Amherst Pap. II 64 introd. 
 
 20 See above no. 1. 
 
 21 Meyer in Hermes 32 (1897) p. 213, placed Vibius Maximus before 
 Minicius, the beginning of whose office he put in 105 from V 875 of 
 that year, since, in this inscription, the prefecture is the last in the 
 list of offices. But this does not prove that he was prefect in that 
 year; cf. Grenfell and Hunt I.e. Cantarelli, p. 82 n 35, gives his date 
 as 101-3. 
 
 22 In the proconsulship of T. Aquillius Proculus, Pros. I p. 123 n, 
 812; Chapot, p. 307. This inscription shows that his praenomen was 
 perhaps Gaius and not T(itas), as given in X 1699. 
 
 47 
 
23 There are several copies of this inscription: III 14195 4 - 13 ; 
 14195 7 = 6065. Only fragments remain of 14195 10 ~ 1 ^. 
 
 24 IM'ommsen', St. R. II p. 1017. 1, says (by inference) that the pro- 
 magister was a representative or agent of a societas for farming 
 taxes. He seems to separate the two positions. Rostowzew, Staatspacht 
 pp. 392-3, takes them together as given above. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 84, 
 mentions only the first with the explanation given above. Cf. also 
 Boak, "Roman Magistri in the Service of the Empire," in Harvard 
 Studies in Classical Phil. 26 (1915) pp. 77 f. 
 
 25 The title is rare. To the governing procurators and to the finan- 
 cial procurators of the imperial provinces sometimes subprocurators 
 were given. We know of none for senatorial provinces (Hirschfeld, 
 Verw. 2 p. 400). At this time there seems to have been some disturbance 
 in Mauretiania Tingitana, for a few years later there was a procurator 
 in the province (no. 18) with the title procurator pro legato, an un- 
 usual title. Probably the procurator pro legato had a military power 
 more extended than that of the ordinary procurator, who doubtless 
 took charge of the civil and financial affairs of the province; cf. Cag- 
 nat, Armee 2 pp. 44-5 ; Roulez, Legats propreteurs et les procurateurs 
 de la Belgique et de la Germanie inf. p. 46. 
 
 26 Cf. Dessau in Hermes 45 (1910) p. 17 n. 1, "Inhaber ritterlichen 
 Offizier- und Beamtenstellen unter Domitian und Trajan---." 
 
 27 In Epp. 1.117; 5.8; 8. 12. 
 
 28 This is assumed because of the shortness of Nerva's reign and 
 the statement that he held the secretaryship a second time under 
 Nerva. 
 
 29 Capito was doubtless merely continued in office. After his death 
 freedmen seem to have held the position, since a number of Ulpii 
 Aug. I., are known to have served in it ; cf . Friedlander, I p. 185, and 
 Rostowzew in PW VI 212. 
 
 30 Cf. Plin. Epp. 8. 12. 
 
 31 Callaecia and Asturia, even in the time of Augustus, seem to have 
 been formed into a separate administrative district on account of the 
 distance from Tarraco, the capital city of Hither Spain, and because 
 of the warlike nature of the inhabitants (Hiibner in PW II 1863-4; 
 III 1358). At this time the district was in charge of the legatus 
 Augusti of the legions stationed there, and he was subordinate to the 
 legatus Augusti pro praetore who governed the whole province; cf. 
 Strabo 3 p. 166; Mommsen, Eph. ep. IV pp. 224 f. In the second cen- 
 tury it was governed by a legatus iuridicus, whom Marquard't, I p. 254, 
 identifies with the legate of the seventh legion Gemina, but under 
 Pius both legati Augusti and legati iuridici appear. Von Domaszewski, 
 Rh. Mus. 45 (1890) p. 10, thinks the iuridicus was first appointed under 
 Trajan. The first known example occurs under Pius, leg(atus) 
 Aug(usti) iuridicus Asturiae et Callaeciae (VIII 2747). 
 
 Hirschfeld, Prov. Statthalter p. 6 n. 10, in Comm. Momms. p. 437 
 n. 18, and in Verw. 2 p. 377 n. 3, maintains that Asturia and Callaecia 
 were governed by a procurator previous to the appearance of the 
 senatorial governor. The basis of his argument is that in II 2477 
 (year 79) the name of the procurator is used in the ablative with that 
 
of the legatus of Hither Spain and the legatus of the legion in dating. 
 In the third century the section was perhaps made a separate province ; 
 cf. Hiibner, /. c; Kornemann in PW V 721 ; Braun, Spanische prov. 
 Grensen in rom. Zeit p. 124. See, however, Mispoulet, Rev. 
 phil. 34 (1910) pp. 319 ff., where (pp. 312 ff.) Hirschf eld's 
 opinion (above) of the procurator is discussed. While agreeing with 
 him in his contention that the procurator was a governing procurator, he 
 is not satisfied with the foundation of Hirschfeld's argument, for he 
 thinks the term prov(inciae) in the inscription of iD. Iulius Capito 
 (see no. 33) indicates that in the mind of the one who used it, the 
 thought was of a real governor. The use of provinciae here seems 
 to me to show rather that the two sections had been governed apart 
 from the rest of Hither Spain for so long that they /were considered 
 almost as a province. Moreover, the fact that there was a financial 
 procurator of all Hither Spain in the middle of the third century 
 ("even supposing that Asturia and Callaecia were still a part of that 
 province), does not prove that the procurator of these two districts 
 a hundred and fifty years before was a governing procurator. We 
 can hardly assume that there was also at the beginning of the second 
 century a financial procurator of all Hither Spain. On p. 315 of the 
 above article Mispoulet says : "Aucune des inscriptions connues ne 
 permet d'affirmer que ces deux charges [legatus iuridicus, procurator] 
 ont coexiste." But on p. 314 he cites C. (not "D.") Iunius Flavianus 
 as proc. Hispaniae Citerioris per Asturiam et Callaeciam, for the last 
 of Hadrian's reign or the first of Antoninus Pius, and Bassaeus Rufus, 
 procurator Asturiae et Gallaeciae, probably under Pius, while on p. 316 
 he gives L. Novius Crispinus, legatus Augusti iuridicus Astyriae et 
 Callaeciae for the first of Pius' region; and at the same time there 
 were legati Augusti in the section (cf. Mispoulet, p. 318), the earliest, 
 under Hadrian, [leg. Aug. per As]tyriam et Callaecia[m], not being 
 named here, but published in Rom. Mitth 11 (1896) p. 255, and cited in 
 Hirschfeld, Verm. 2 p. 377 n. 3. Hirschfeld seems to me to have found 
 the strongest argument for his case, but as more inscriptions come to 
 light, it will doubtless be found that there were senatorial governors 
 in this region even earlier than Hadrian. Domaszewski, Rh. Mus. 45 
 ( 1890) p. 10 n. 3, puts the thing in a nutshell : "Aber ich sehe nicht wie 
 diese 'praesidialische' Stellung der Procuratoren mit dem Auftreten 
 senatorischer Beamten in demselben Districte vereinigen lasst." 
 There is, however, no ground for saying that C. Iunius 
 Flavianus was procurator of Asturia and Callaecia under Had- 
 rian. We do not know that he was praefectus annonae in 144, as 
 Mispoulet says. L. Valerius Proculus (see no. 92) was praefectus 
 annonae in 144, after -which he was praefectus Aegypti about 145-47, 
 and he was followed immediately by M. Petronius Honoratus; cf. 
 Cantarelli, pp. 91 f. Therefore Flavianus could not have been 
 praefectus Aegypti in 147, in spite of iMispoulet's statement (p. 314) 
 to the contrary, a statement for which he offers no evidence and 
 for which, as far as I am aware, none exists. Flavianus doubtless 
 belongs to the time of the Antonines; cf. Marquardt, I p. 254 n. 10; 
 Hirschfeld in Phil. 29 (1870) p. 3*2 n. 17; Friedlander, I p. 175- 
 
 49 
 
Various forms of the title occur for the procurator of Asturia and 
 Callaecia : proc. Aug. provinciae Hispaniae citer(ioris) Asturiae et 
 Callaeciarum, (as here) ; proc. Aug. provinc (iae) Austur(iae) et Cal- 
 laec (iae), (see no 33) ; proc. Aug. Hispaniae citerioris per Asturicam 
 et Gailaeciam, (C. Iunius Flavianus, VI 1620) ; proc. Asturiae et 
 Gallaeciae, (VI 1509). 
 
 32 = Forschungen in Ephesos II, Das Theater, Vienna, 1912 
 (Heberdey). The restorations are after other inscriptions of Ephesus, 
 partly unedited, mentioning the same man. 
 
 33 fioijdbv iwl tCov bhOiv vaCiv — - = adiutor curatoris viarum 
 
 aedium sacrarum loeorumque publicorum. 
 
 34 Cf. no. 18. 
 
 35 In this position he probably preceded Besius Betuinianus, who has 
 been the earliest known example of a knight in this office ; cf . Hirsch- 
 feld, Verw. 2 p. 182 n. 2. Lentulus must have been in office during the 
 first years of Trajan, but Besius, not until after 103. 
 
 36 Under Domitian, Pannonia and Dalmatia were united under one 
 financial procurator, as is shown by the use of et in an inscription 
 quoted by 'Mommsen, Sits. -her. der Berl. Akad. 1903 p. 817: 
 proc. Imp. Caesaris Aug. Germanici provinciae Pannoniae et Dal- 
 matian Cf. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 379 and n. 3. 
 
 37 It was doubtless because of his interest in the provincials and of 
 the benefits which he conferred on them that he was honored by a 
 statue. 
 
 38 This officer was the treasurer at Rome of the state money, which 
 was kept partly near the statua loricata of Iulius Caesar, and partly 
 in the temple of Castor; cf. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 4 and n. 4. Very 
 few inscriptions mentioning this official exist. Four mention freed- 
 men as procurators : VI 8689 = X 8059 168 : T. Fl. Aug. lib. iMartiali 
 proc. Aug. ad. Castor (em) ; VI 8690 = XV 7144: Garni Aug. 1. proc. 
 a loricata; VI 8691 = XV 7143: Hechi Aug. 1. pro(c). a loricata ex 
 ration(e) peculiare; VI 8692 = XV 7145: Orthri Aug. 1. proc. a lori- 
 cata. All of these, at least, certainly belong to the first century. T. 
 Fl(avius) Martialis, proc. Aug. ad Castor (em), was probably in office 
 under Vespasian or Titus. C Iulius Bassus Aemilianus, actor 
 Caesaris ad Castor(em) et ad loricata(m), ad auctoritatem, of VI 
 8688 (cf. Mommsen in CIL III 1998) seems to have been also of the 
 first century. Lentulus is the first example of an eques as procurator 
 Augusti a loricata. 
 
 39 This is the earliest example of a knight as proc. Aug. a rationibus. 
 Previous to the appearance of the above inscriptions, none was known 
 under Trajan or Hadrian, although it has been supposed that Vitellius 
 made use of knights in this position (see Chap. II). The title 
 i-n-lrpoTros 2e(3a<rTov dirb t&v \6yuv ( = procurator Augusti a rationi- 
 bus) has been supposed to have been used first by Hadrian ; cf . Schurz, 
 pp. 33 f. The title as here given is not like other Greek expressions 
 for the translation of the Latin a rationibus. In IGR I 227, Toi>y 
 Ka66\ov \6yovs ^7r[iT/>07rei/<ras] is used. Dio 79. 21 uses roi/s Ka66\ov 
 \6yovs iTmerpafifi^vos. In an inscription from Ephesus of the time 
 of Severus, as it seems, we have ^t' tw kcl06\ov \6ywv rwv ixeylcrruv 
 avTOKpardpwv , III 6574 = S. 7126. In Eusebius Hist. eccl. IX 1-1.4 
 
 SO 
 
tuv Ka86\ov \6yuv 'iirapxos is used ; cf . Magie. De Rom. vocabulis in Gr. 
 serm. conversis, Leipzig, 1905, p. 106. 
 
 40 As the union of iirlTpoirov SejSao-ToO with all shows. 
 
 41 This is without doubt the L. Pompeius Vopiscus C. Arruntius 
 Catellius Celer of Pros. Ill p. 72 n. 501, who was cos. suff. about 72. 
 (X 8038). It was not known before that he was curator viarum 
 aedium sacrarum locorumque publicorum. 
 
 42 "Saburanus traditur, fuit sine dubio (Attius) Suburanus," Klebs, 
 Pros. I p. 181 n. 1135. 
 
 43 The same incident is given in Dio 68.16 (Zon. 11. 21) without 
 the name. 
 
 44 Mommsen in Plin. Epp., ed. Keil, p. 403, thought he was perhaps 
 identical with Sex. Attius Suburanus, cos. II in 104. Hirschfeld, 
 Verw. 1 p. 224 n. 30, is of the same opinion. Klebs, Pros. I.e., thinks 
 not : "statuendum enim esset hominem praeterea plane ignotum ob- 
 tinuisse locum qualem ante saeculum III obtinuerunt Seianus et Titus 
 filius Vespasiani." Stech, "Senatores, etc." in Klio 10. Beib. p. 70 n. 
 866 agrees with Klebs. 
 
 45 Hirschfeld's correction, Verzu. 1 p. 224. 
 
 46 Hirschfeld Verw. 1 pp. 224-5 n. 31; "zusammen mit Attianus?" he 
 queries. 
 
 47 "Gehorte also wohl auch zu den comites Trajans," adds Stein in 
 PW III 2729. He may have had estates near Praeneste, as seems prob- 
 able from a tile found there and marked CI. Liviani (XIV 4091 30 ) 
 and from a piece of lead pipe with inscription given above. If XV 
 932 refers to him, he was alive in 123. 
 
 48 Probably for [t]ri[b(unus)] m[ili]t(um) leg(ionis) XII 
 Fulm(inatae), "nam primipilus admitti nequit inter praefecturam cohor- 
 tis et provincae procurationem" (Hubner's note in C1L). 
 
 49 In this inscription de Ricci (AP II [1903] p. 439 "• 42) says that 
 one can still read after iirl yye/xovos, ovi^iovfxa . . . ov, and he therefore 
 supplies Owftfov M.a£i/JL0V. 
 
 50 lDe Ricci, Compt. rend. acad. ins. 1900 pp. 78 f., thinks the name 
 here has been purposely defaced. Mommsen in his note to the inscrip- 
 tion says : "Deficit certe, sed utrum casu an consilio, lapis denuo a me 
 inspectus nequaquam decidit non exhibens certa liturae vestigia. Illud 
 omnino verum est, neque enim credibile nomen erasum esse cognomine 
 illaeso." De Ricci, /. c, thinks the name was also defaced in IGR I 
 1 175, and suggests (cf. Ox. Pap. V p. 314) that the reason for the de- 
 facement in both cases may have been the proceedings in which the 
 speech recorded in part in Ox. Pap. Ill 471 was perhaps delivered. This 
 speech seems to have been directed against a certain Maximus who 
 had held high office, probably the prefecture (cf. 1. 22). The papyrus 
 is of the age of Hadrian or the Antonines (introd. to pap.) and de 
 Ricci suggests that it may be a later copy {Rev. d. etudes gr. 18 [1905] 
 P- 333)- It may have been a rhetorical exercise merely; cf. Bauer, 
 AP I (1901) pp. 29 ff. 
 
 51 He was praefectus alae in Syria (Stat. Silvae 4-7, 46 f.) and 
 praefectus cohortis III Alpinorum in Dalmatia in 93 (CIL III p. 859). 
 He received a request from Pliny in 101 (Epp. Ill 2) regarding 
 
 51 
 
Maturas Arrianus. Dessau, Pros. Ill p. 423 n. 389, thinks even then 
 he may have been marked out of Egypt. 
 
 52 See no. 4. 
 
 53 See no. 23. — Meyer in Hermes 32 (1897) p. 214, conjectured that 
 Dioscurus was prefect of Egypt in 105-6 from IG XIV 2421. 1 : 
 AiotTKOijpov (erei) d' Tpaiavov . . . 5vo dva ir6des v [ 'ApttrjretSou dpxiW/crou. 
 The conjecture is improbable for two reasons: (1) if he had been 
 prefect, the formula would have been iirl Awxr/cotfpv iiripxv Aiy&n-Tov ; 
 (2) in the year 105-6, Vibius Maximus was prefect; cf. Cantarelli, p. 85; 
 Stein in PW V 1144. 
 
 54 Coptos is in the Thebais. 
 
 55 Cf . Hirschf eld, Verw. 2 p. 56 n. 2. Unger, Lpz. St. 10 ( 1888) p. 27, 
 thinks he was censor while praef. equitum, or just before. 
 
 56 Memni by mistake for Memmi, or there should be a Memnian 
 gens; cf. M. Memnius Agrippa, VIII 5313. A L. Memmius Rufus (or 
 Rufinus) occurs in the middle of the second century, XV 1298; cf. 
 Dressel in XV 7302. 
 
 57 Pros. II p. 365 n. 342a and III p. 245 n. 508. 
 
 53 Sylloge aq. n. 145. The fistula was not made sub cur (a) proc, 
 etc., but sub cur(a) Sili Deciani et Memni Rufi; cf. Frontin. De aquis 
 §99. Dressel (XV 7302 note) agrees with Lanciani. 
 
 59 This is the corrected reading of Dressel. 
 
 60 Off(icinatore) Telesph(oro) ser(vo) or (ex) off(icina) Teles- 
 ph(ori) ser(z'i). 
 
 61 Lanciani, Sylloge aq. n. 73', reads Hylae here and also in n. 72 
 ( = XV 7300). Dressel refers these and 7299 to one man and re- 
 marks "De Ruggiero et Lanciani parum accurate uterque," in 
 
 his note to XV 7301. 
 
 62 In naming Hyllus a procurator aquarum, I have followed Hirsch- 
 feld, Verw. 2 pp. 280 f., who thinks that from Frontinus, De aquis § 112, 
 we should conclude that all those whose names are stamped on water 
 pipes merely as procurators, under whose direction (sub cura) the 
 pipes were made, should be considered as procuratores aquarum. 
 Dressel, XV p. 909 col. 1, thinks that some of these may have been pro- 
 curatores patrimoni because on some pipes (XV 7303, 7312, 7739) oc- 
 cur the words sub cura procuratoris patrimoni or sub cur (a) 
 proc (ur at or is) stat(ionis) patrimoni (XV 7318). But Hirschfeld 
 considers that this supervision belonged really to the procurator 
 aquarum and only exceptionally to the procurator patrimoni, in case 
 the pipes were being laid on the emperor's private estates. 
 
 63 Ritterling, De legione Romanorum X Gemina (1885) pp. 47-8, 
 thinks he received the dona militaria while praef ectus alae Dardanorum. 
 
 64 Cf. de Lessert, I p. 533 1 ; Henze in PW III 327-8; Cagnat, L'armee 
 romaine d'Afrique, first ed. p. 321. 
 
 65 The title occurs only here and under Septimius Severus, XII 
 1856. For the title procur. Augustor. et pro leg. provincial Raitiai, etc. 
 (V 3936), see Hirschfeld, op. cit. pp. 390 f. 
 
 66 This is the opinion of Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 pp. 391-2, and of Cag- 
 nat, Armee 2 I pp. 255 f., and seems to be the simplest explanation. 
 That of Henze in PW III 327, "stellvertretender Statthalter — mit dem 
 
 52 
 
Titel proc. pro leg." is not logical. Nor is the title proc pro leg. the 
 distinctive title of the governing procurator, given to distinguish him 
 from other procurators in the province, as Marquardt, I pp. 483-4, thinks. 
 De Lessert, Bull, des antiquites africaines 1885 p. 102, ap. Cagnat, 
 Armee 2 I p. 255, says the difference between proc. utriusque Maure- 
 taniae and proc. Aug. pro leg. Tingitanae, is that the first had both civil 
 and military authority in both Mauretanias, the second had only the 
 military. Thus Besius invested with civil power in Tingitana would 
 have military authority in both. Cagnat, /. c, agrees, and rightly, that 
 the proc. pro leg. of Tingitana did not have civil authority outside 
 that province, and he seems to me most certainly right in combating 
 the idea that from the two inscriptions (this and XII 1856) in which 
 the title occurs, we are justified in saying that the proc. pro leg. 
 Tingitanae, by virtue of this office, had military authority ini both 
 Mauretanias. 
 
 67 I.e., Aeoliae, Aegates, Gaulus, Melita, Cossura; cf. Mommsen in 
 CIL X pp. 772-6; on Lipara, cf. Marquardt, I p. 245; on Melita, Cic. 
 Act. II in Verr. 4:4)6.103, 4.18.39; on Gaulus and Melita, Plin. Hist. 
 nat. 3.92 and cf. Marquardt, I p. 246. 
 
 68 See under no. 18. 
 
 69 In the first inscription nothing is said about his having been 
 flamen. The Lykiarchia follows directly after the procuratorship. 
 Mommsen, Jahreshefte 3 (1900) p. 7, argues that the flamen and 
 the Lykiarch were identical : "Die f ormelle Amtsbezeichnung ist d PX iepei>s 
 tQjv Se/3ao-rwj', die gebrauchliche, avyp Avici&pxys oder AvKidpxvs 
 schlechtweg; Gleichbedeutend sind beide." See also Fougeres, De 
 Ly riorum communi (1898) p. 79- 103, and in Melanges Perrot; Darem- 
 foerg and Saglio, Diet. wit. Ill p. 847. 
 
 70 By the victory over the Getae, which is mentioned, is meant one of 
 tlhose in the Dacian campaign. The second is not mentioned; there- 
 fore the dona seem to have been received in the first Dacian campaign ; 
 cf. Vollgraff in Bull. cerr. hell. I. c. It seems very probable, in fact, 
 that the stone was cut before the second; if so, the procuratorship 
 was held between the last of 102 and the beginning of 104. 
 
 71 Cf. no. 18. 
 
 72 See Plin. Epp., ed. Keil, p. 199- 
 
 73 Dessau, Pros. Ill p. 302 n. 58, thinks that his estate, which seems 
 to have been near Perusia, is mentioned in XI 1947. 
 
 74 Cf . Hirschf eld, Verw. 2 pp. 392-3 ; Peaks, p. 166 and n. 4. 
 
 75 In Ox. Pap. II 237 VIII 21 a Flavius Sulpicius Similis is named 
 as prefect of Egypt. iMeyer in Klio I ('1901) p. 478, and Stein in 
 Jahreshefte 3 (1900) Beib. 209, identify him with C. Sulpicius Similis. 
 The date of this papyrus is about 185 or 186; cf. Grenfell and Hunt, 
 Ox. Pap. II p. 141 ; Cantarelli, p. 102 n. 60. A decree of the prefect is 
 cited, but it is not at all certain that the reference is to our Similis. A 
 Sulpicius Similis, praefectus Aegypti, is mentioned at the end of Ox. 
 Pap. IV 712, and this papyrus falls after 146-7, probably in the first 
 years of Commodus; cf. Ox. Pap. IV p. 180 n. 7 and p. 262, and 
 Cantarelli, p. 85. This man and Flavias Sulpicius Similis were doubt- 
 less identical. 
 
 S3 
 
The cognomen of our prefect in some of the Egyptian documents is 
 spelled Simius. This was amended to Similis by Borghesi, Opp. ill 
 pp. 127 f., from iDio 69. 19 and Frg. Vatic. 233, and Mommsen in CIL 
 III 24, adopted this spelling. Dessau, Pros. Ill p. 289 n. 735 partly 
 from BGU 140 (old reading), thought the men were identical; 
 Schwartz in Jahrb. f. Phil. 41 (1895) 'P- 640, refused to identify them 
 and was followed by Meyer, Hermes 32 (1897) p. 215. Meyer rests 
 largely on BGU 140 where, according to the old reading, S^M'^ pov 
 occurs. Stein, /. c, thinks the form Similis is proved by the Similis of 
 Ox. Pap. II 237 VIII 21 whom, as said above, he identifies with our 
 Similis, but this seems improbable from Ox. Pap. IV 712. One strong 
 support for the form Simius fell when Wilcken, Hermes 37 (1902) 
 pp. 84 ff. (88) revised the reading of BGU 140. He has restored with 
 great probability the names of the consuls and the time accords with 
 a better reading of the prefect's name, 'Pd/x/xie for 2fyy«e, referring to 
 Rammius Martialis, prefect under Hadrian. 
 
 76 Cf. Wilcken, Grundsiige I p. LVIII. 
 
 77 Of. Grenfell and Hunt, introd. to Amherst Pap. II 64. 
 
 78 Cantarelli, p. 84 n. 37, thinks the date is not the thirteenth year of 
 Trajan, but 25 Phamenoth of the fifteenth year, i.e., March 21, 112. 
 
 79 See no. 30. 
 
 80 For he took office unwillingly (Dio I.e.), and we may assume 
 from the same passage that he had been in office almost continuously. 
 
 81 See no. 39. 
 
 82 The Thracian Chersonese was bequeathed by Agrippa to Augustus ; 
 cf. Hirschfeld in Klio II (1902) p. 47; Gardthausen, Augustus II p. 412 
 n. 25. The proc. provinc. Hellespont(i) of V 875 (see no. 4) seems 
 to be different from this procurator regionis; cf. Hirschfeld, /. c. n. 3. 
 
 83 As to the meaning of 5v dvdp&v, etc., in this inscription, see Klebs 
 in Pros. I p. 460 n. 1164; Boeckh, CIG 1186 p. 592; Frankel, IG IV 
 795. The term seems to refer to the duoviri at the head of the city, 
 and Pulcher was not, as Boeckh thought, a propraetor of the Roman 
 state, since he was of equestrian rank (Klebs). Frankel conjectures 
 that assistants of the duoviri were appointed by the city and in imita- 
 tion of the imperial officials were called avTi<rTp&T7jyoi {pro praetore) 
 but with an added dv'&vSp&v to distinguish them from the propraetors 
 of the empire. 
 
 84 This is the opinion of Klebs, I.e., ''for," he says, "it is apparent 
 from the introduction that Pulcher had been much concerned in pub- 
 lic affairs." Hirschfeld, V erw? p. 351 n. 6, and Stein in PW IV 1421 
 n. 295, agree with him. Dessau, Hermes 45 (1910) p. 14, says without 
 hesitation : "Aus der romischen Oolonie Corinthus stammte der Freund 
 Plutarchs, Cn. Cornelius Pulcher, der unter Trajan ritterliche Offizier- 
 stelle und Verwaltungsposten bekleidete." 
 
 85 Powell, Am. Jour, of Arch. 1903 p. 50, misconstrues the words of 
 the inscription when he says, "I have not found the title iirirpoiro$ of 
 both Egypt and Alexandria occurring elsewhere;" c. f. Stein in PW 
 Suppl. I 330; Hirschfeld, /. c; Dessau, /. c. 
 
 86 Stein in PW IV 1421, says the inscription was erected after 
 Trajan's death, for the games mentioned were for his worship, but 
 in the Suppl., /. c, he agrees with Frankel. 
 
 54' 
 
87 This office may have been present in the complete inscription IG 
 IV 795- 
 
 88 u^ Prifernio priores, etiam Bembus, quod praenomen, licet filius 
 P. f. dicatur, potest retineri si sumas patrem P. iMemmium Apollinarem 
 post natum filium et emancipatum a T. Prifernio quodam adoptatum 
 esse, patrem ei adscribi naturalem" (Mommsen's note to IX 4753 1 ) . 
 
 89 Klein, p. 184, puts his procuratorship of Sicily between about 103 
 and no because the Dacian campaign in which he served is not in- 
 dicated. Peaks, p. 172, evidently assuming tthat it was the first, 101- 
 102, places his term in Noricum not before 106. As to the order of his 
 cursus, see Peaks, p. 167 nn. 4 and 10. 
 
 90 Since he is not called divus. Liebenam, Laufbahn p. 40, puts 
 the later official career of Paetus about 120. I see no reason for this 
 date. 
 
 91 "Loco ubi tituli [VI] 221 et 222 inventi sunt fuit statio cohortis V 
 vigilum ad quam ambo spectant" (note in CIL). 
 
 92 Hadrian received the tribunician power Aug. 11, 117 (Cagnat, 
 Qours p. 195) and the Egyptian New Year fell m 117 on Aug. 29. 
 Therefore his first year comprised from Aug. 11 to Aug. 29, 117; cf. 
 Wilcken, Grundsiige I p. LVIII ; AP V (1913) P- 44<>; Hunt, Ox. Pap. 
 VII 1023, note. 
 
 93 See no. 30. 
 
 94 Kornemann, Giessen Pap. I p. 18 (1912) (cf. Klio VII [1907] p. 288) 
 had conjectured, not having seen Ox. Pap. VII 1023, that the change 
 took place shortly after Hadrian became emperor. Stein in PW 
 zweite Reihe I 135-6 n. 2 (cf, ib. 11263 f. n. 23) concludes from this 
 papyrus that he was sent as prefect within a few days after Hadrian 
 became emperor. Of course it is possible that immediately after the 
 death of Trajan, Hadrian, who was in the East, sent the new prefect 
 to Egypt. Trajan 'however had good reason to be dissatisfied with 
 Lupus because he had not been able to deal with the Jews in a vigorous 
 fashion, and, in fact, sent Marcius Turbo to put down their insurrec- 
 tion. It is therefore quite probable that Trajan may have sent Mar- 
 tialis as prefect. The small number of days (17 at most) between the 
 time when Hadrian became emperor and the publication of Ox. Pap. 
 VII 1023 adds color to this view. 
 
 95 Wilcken in Hermes 37 (1902) pp. 84 f. This papyrus had previous- 
 ly been referred to Sulpicius Similis (see no. 23) from the reading 
 'Zilfj./jue. 
 
 96 Pros. Ill p. 48 n. 370 (p. 50). 
 
 97 Or Ilax&vX, i.e., May 25, 116. 
 
 98 See no. 23. 
 
 99 See no. 27. 
 
 100 The order of the name is exceptional, as Felix is also a cogno- 
 men. 
 
 101 It has been doubtful until recently whether the threefold division 
 of Egypt existed much before Hadrian. Claudius Ptolemaeus (middle 
 of second century after Christ) first mentions it. Wilcken, Griech. 
 Ostraka I pp. 426-7, thought the division was made between 68 A.'D. 
 (edict of Iulius Alexander, CIG III. 4957-47 f-) and 130, when Hadrian 
 
 55 
 
founded Antinoe and evidently found the name'E^ra vofiolKal' A.p<nvotT-qt 
 well established, for, when adding another district (Antinoetes), he 
 did not change the name. But now from Tebt. Pap. II n. 302. 25, we 
 know that the division existed in 71-2, and Martin in Les Epistrateges, 
 Geneva, 191 1, pp. 87 f., from a new reading in the edict of Alexander, 
 has shown that the three parts may be named there. Further, he gives 
 reasons (pp. 89 ff.) with which Wilcken, Grundziige I p. 35, seems in- 
 clined to agree, for thinking that Augustus established this division. 
 Martin, op. cit. p. 94, thinks that Hadrian took the Letopolites, which 
 had belonged to this division, and added it to Lower Egypt, so as to 
 keep the number the same. 
 
 102 There is a Hermupolis Minor in the Delta, but probably the 
 larger is meant here; cf. Stein in PW Suppl. I 321 n. 375 a. 
 
 103 See no. 30. 
 
 10i His reasons were: from the same place comes the inscription 
 (XI 5212) of a senator of like name; among the offices is that of 
 praefectus Aegypti; the province of Armenia Maior, which is men- 
 tioned, existed only in the last years of Trajan. 
 
 105 Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 57 n. 4, thinks he was censitor while prae- 
 fectus equitum; cf. Unger, Lpz. St. 10 (1888) p. 30. — The Onomasticon 
 tot. Lat., Perin I 115 and 284, and the Thesaurus ling. Lat. II 21 and 
 2199-2200, make Britto equivalent to Britannus and Anavio, a place in 
 Britain. Borghesi, Opp. V p. 5, thought the Brittones were from the 
 mainland, now Bretagne; cf. Hiibner in PW III 861; Mommsen, Eph. 
 ep. V 177 n. 1 ; Unger, I.e. 
 
 106 Trajan conquered Armenia and formed it into a province in 114, 
 and from then until Hadrian became emperor, it was ruled by a legate 
 (Vit. Had. 21. 11: Armeniis regem habere permisit [Hadrianus] cum 
 sub Traiano legatum lhabuissent) ; cf. Dierauer, Gesch. Trajans pp. 
 163-4. Hadrian seems to have given it up on his arrival in Rome 
 {Vit. Had. 9.1: inter haec tamen et multas provincias a Traiano ad- 
 quisitas reliquit) ; cf. Borghesi, Opp. V pp. 18 ff. 
 
 107 Of the gladiatorial schools of Rome (ludus magnus, matutinus, 
 Dacicus, Gallicus) the first two, at least, were under the supervision of 
 procurators ; cf . (Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 289. 
 
 1108 Hirschfeld, op. cit. p. 65. 1. Mommsen, St. R. Ill p. 490 n. 2, 
 thinks the bureau a censibus was merely a subdivision of that a libellis, 
 since they are often closely connected in inscriptions. Hirschfeld, 
 op. cit. pp. 65 ff ., would give the a censibus wider functions ; cf . Mat- 
 tingly, Imp. Civil Service of Rome, Cambridge, 1910, pp. 53'f. ; Schurz, 
 pp. 31-2; Friedlander, I pp. 178 f. 
 
 109 De Ricci in Nouv. rev. de droit franc, et etr. 1906 p. 478 ap. 
 Cantarelli, p. 88 n. 40, thinks he succeeded Rammius Martialis in the 
 last part of 120. 
 
 110 Stein in PW VII 2514-5 n. 8, is of the opinion that he held office 
 at least until Sept. 17, 124, from two fragments of papyri of that date 
 published in AP II (1903) p. 125 (Wilcken), in which occur the words 
 Kpa\rlaTo\) yjye/n^dvos. 
 
 111 Renier, Melanges d'epigraphie pp. 61 f., correctly referred this in- 
 scription to D. Iulius iCapito, by a comparison with XII 1869 and 1870. 
 
 56 
 
e even in Caesar's time, as we 
 it. IV 17. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 
 nclude from this example that 
 
 census, 
 ascription does not of course 
 led at this time a separate 
 no districts had been governed 
 50 long (see note under no. 7) 
 d somewhat in the light of a 
 ;en formed into a province in 
 ispoulet, Rev. \phil. 34 (1910) 
 id reason, that they were not 
 tie. For other views and for 
 
 this district was a governing 
 
 ndo) under Trajan, and the 
 t Trajan was alive when the 
 
 ind a porticus M. frumentaria 
 Gilbert, Gesch. u. Topog. d. 
 Hirschfeld in Phil. 29 (1870) 
 k At the latter of these the 
 Apuleius De mundo 35 : alius 
 schfeld, Verw. 2 p. 238; Mar- 
 
 procurator Minutiae (III S. 
 proc. Aug. ad Miniciam (as 
 
 65, Verw. 1 p. 134. He seems 
 is annonae; cf. Marquardt, II 
 us the porticus Minucia was 
 irelli in Bull. com. 1901 pp. 
 so Rostowzew in Klio Erstes 
 
 in PW IV 1780-1. 
 yyos is kept for this Roman 
 ion shows that the emperor 
 The identity is also shown 
 
 in 1. 3 1 is designated iwlTpowos. 
 
 1. 
 
 ; referred to the same man. 
 
 ian." 
 
 refer to the same man. P. 
 \, Praeneste) should perhaps 
 :curs only once (III 6017). 
 and XIV 3039, we can con- 
 :ste and estates on the Ilva; 
 
 im Attianum, Vit. Had. 1.4 
 um Tatianum, Cod. Palat.) 
 s, Dio 69. 1 ; Tartavos, Zon. 
 
founded Antinoe and evidentl; 
 well established, for, when a 
 did not change the name. Bi 
 know that the division existed 
 Geneva, 191 1, pp. 87 f., from ; 
 has shown that the three parts 
 reasons (pp. 89 ff.) with whic 
 clined to agree, for thinking 
 Martin, op. cit. p. 94, thinks t 
 had belonged to this division, 
 keep the number the same. 
 
 102 There is a Hermupolis 
 larger is meant here ; cf. Steir 
 
 103 See no. 30. 
 
 104 His reasons were: froi 
 (XI 5212) of a senator of 1 
 praefectus Aegypti; the prov 
 tioned, existed only in the la 
 
 105 Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 57 
 fectus equitum; cf. Unger, Lp 
 tot. Lat., Perin I 115 and 284 
 2199-2200, make Britto equiva 
 Britain. Borghesi, Opp. V p. 
 mainland, now Bretagne ; cf . 
 ep. V 177 n. 1 ; Unger, I.e. 
 
 106 Trajan conquered Arme 
 and from then until Hadrian 
 {Vit. Had. 21. 11: Armeniis 
 sub Traiano legatum lhabuis 
 163-4. Hadrian seems to ha 
 ( Vit. Had. 9. 1 : inter haec ta 
 quisitas reliquit) ; cf. Borghe 
 
 107 Of the gladiatorial schc 
 Dacicus, Gallicus) the first tv 
 procurators ; cf . Hirschfeld, 
 
 1,08 Hirschfeld, op. cit. p. ( 
 thinks the bureau a censibus < 
 since they are often closel; 
 op. cit. pp. 65 ff., would give 
 tingly, Imp. Civil Service of 
 pp. 31-2; Friedlander, I pp. 
 
 109 De Ricci in Nouv. rev 
 Cantarelli, p. 88 n. 40, think; 
 last part of 120. 
 
 110 Stein in PW VII 2514-; 
 at least until Sept. 17, 124, fi 
 published in AP II (1903) P- 
 Kpa\rl<TTov 7]y€/x"\6vos. 
 
 111 Renier, Melanges d'epig 
 scription to D. Iulius Capito, 
 
 From 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 
 r & 
 
 
 
 
 b 3J 
 
 
 
 
 CD f- 
 
 7} - 
 
 
 
 
 > 03 
 
 
 
 
 3 E 
 
 
 
 
 ■< > 
 
 
 
 
 X 3 
 
 
 
 
 >•< 
 -I __ 
 
 
 
 r 
 
 m r 
 
 
 
 
 n o 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 > 
 
 z 
 
 > 
 
 r 
 
 
 > 
 
 IB 
 
 
 0) 
 
 > 
 
 .< 
 
 
 X 
 
 z 
 
 
 
 Z 
 
 Q 
 
 D 
 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 < 
 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 
 
 Z 
 
 en 
 
 z 
 
 
 D 
 
 
 2 
 
 Q 
 m 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 0) 
 0) 
 
 
 ro 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ol 
 
 
 
 
 £> 
 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 
112 The Remi were a federated people even in Caesar's time, as we 
 see from BG II 3 f. ; cf. Plin. Hist. nat. IV 17. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 
 pp. 57-8, remarks that we are not to conclude from this example that 
 all federated districts had a separate census. 
 
 113 The term provinc(iae) of this inscription does not of course 
 mean that Asturia and Oallaecia formed at this time a separate 
 province in the technical sense, but the two districts had been governed 
 apart from the rest of Hither Spain for so long (see note under no. 7) 
 that they were beginning to be regarded somewhat in the light of a 
 province. They seem in fact to have been formed into a province in 
 the beginning of the third century. IMispoulet, Rev. iphil. 34 (1910) 
 pp. 320 ff., thinks, and perhaps with good reason, that they were not 
 made into a separate province at this time. For other views and for 
 Hirschfeld's idea that the procurator of this district was a governing 
 procurator, see note under no. 7. 
 
 114 He was praef(ectus) i(ure) d(icundo) under Trajan, and the 
 form of the emperor's name shows that Trajan was alive when the 
 inscription was cut. 
 
 115 There was a porticus Minicia vetus and a porticus M. frumentaria 
 at Rome; see Platner, Topog. 1 p. 352; Gilbert, Gesch. u. Topog. d. 
 Stadt Rom III pp. 1144. 1 and 286.1; cf. Hirschfeld in Phil. 29 (1870) 
 p. 63, and IMarquardt, II p. 128 and n. 6. At the latter of these the 
 monthly distribution of grain took pllace (Apuleius De mundo 35: alius 
 ad Miniciam frumentatum venit; cf. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 238; Mar- 
 quardt, /. c.) under the supervision of the procurator Minutiae (III S. 
 6753), or Mini[ciae] (VI 1648), or the proc. Aug. ad Miniciam (as 
 here) ; cf. Hirschfeld in Phil. 29 (1870) p. 65, Verw. 1 p. 134. He seems 
 to have been a subordinate of the praefectus annonae; cf. Marquardt, II 
 pp. 132-3 ; Hirschfeld, /. c. Under Severus the porticus Minucia was 
 associated with the water supply (Cantarelli in Bull. com. 1901 pp. 
 182-3; Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 239). Cf. also Rostowzew in Klio Erstes 
 Erganzung Bd. Ill pp. 15-17; Kornemann in PW IV 1780-1. 
 
 116 In Greek texts the old title itnarpaTfiyos is kept for this Roman 
 officer, but the Latin title in this inscription shows that the emperor 
 identified the office with a procuratorship. The identity is also shown 
 from BGU I 168, where the i-mffTpdrriyos in 1. 3 1 is designated iirlTpowos. 
 On the Heptanomis see note under no. 31. 
 
 117 CIL III S. 14214 23 is probably to be referred to the same man. 
 Peaks, p. 172, says "not later than Hadrian." 
 
 118 Dio 69. 1 = Zon. 11. 23. 
 
 119 P. Acili Attiani (XI 2607) seems to refer to the same man. P. 
 Aci[d]i Attiani (XIV 3039, fistula plumbea, Praeneste) should perhaps 
 be restored P. Aci[l]i Attiani. Acidius occurs only once (III 6017). 
 From XI 2067, perhaps a stamp for pipe, and XIV 3039, we can con- 
 jecture that Attianus had a villa at Praeneste and estates on the Ilva; 
 cf. Hiilsen, Rom. Mitth. 18 (1903) pp. 64-7. 
 
 120 The name is variously spelled: Caelium Attianum, Vit. Had. 1.4 
 (celium Tacianum, Codex Bamberg.; caelium Tatianum, Cod. Palat.) 
 corrupted into Atutinum, ib. 8. 7; 'Arriavos. Dio 69. 1; Tartavos, Zon. 
 11. 23. 
 
 57 
 
121 It is accepted by Hirschfeld and Dessau ap. Kornemann, Klio V. 
 (1905) p. 291; by Dessau also in Hermes 45 (1910) p. 10 n. 2; by 
 Weber, n. 77; and taken as settled by Premerstein, Attentat. 
 
 122 Cf. Hirschfeld, Verw. x p. 225 and esp. Plew, pp. 35 f ., who also 
 says that the story of the adoption was forged by Attianus and Plotina, 
 and that Attianus probably won over the troops. Weber, p. 21, as- 
 sumes that he was prefect under Trajan, when naming those who ac- 
 companied him to the East. 
 
 123 Cf. Groag in PW III 1256; Rohden in PW I 503; see also under 
 no. 39. 
 
 124 Cf. Stappers in Musee Beige 7 (1903) p. 204: the duty of the 
 praefectus gentis "consistait avant tout a surveiller les chefs indigenes, 
 les ca'ids et les cheiks. lis etaient charges peut-etre de la perception des 
 impots et du recrutement des soldats auxiliaires : il est probable qu'ils 
 organisaient, dans le pays meme, des troupes d'irreguliers, pour pro- 
 teger leur propre territoire et pour occuper les chateaux forts, 
 defendant la contree." Cf. Cagnat, Armee pp. 265 f. 
 
 125 The title and the direct appointment show that he was an ex- 
 traordinary official for buying up grain for use in Rome. His later 
 career indicates that he had the rank of an imperial procurator; cf. 
 Hirschfeld in Phil 29 (1870 )pp. 81 f., and Liebenam, Laufbahn p. 123. 
 
 126 The territory placed under ihim as procurator of domains was 
 unusually large. It embraced the district of Hippo Regius in the 
 north of Numidia and that of Theveste in the south. The title also is 
 unusual, for we should expect tractuum instead of saltuum; cf. Hirsch- 
 feld in Klio II (1902) p. 297. Saltus and praedia were the single 
 domains which, together formed regiones and tractus, at the head of 
 each of which was a procurator of equestrian rank. Sometimes two 
 tractus were united under one procurator. Freedmen as procurators 
 were placed at the head of the smaller sections. 
 
 127 Cf. Klein, pp. 185-6. 
 
 128 1 have supplied this praenomen from Eph. ep. IV 822: C. 
 Gall[o]nio C. f. Q. Ma[r]cio Turboni, C. Gall[o]nio C. f. C. . . . 
 Tu[r]boni Pr. . . . iher[edes]. Our Marcius Turbo is without doubt 
 one of those mentioned here. 
 
 129 Fit. Had 4.2 (quoted under no. 10). Weber, p. 51 n. 173, thinks 
 that dona militaria were given him for distinction in this expedition. 
 He draws his conclusion from the last letters of XIV 4243 : Q. Marcio 
 Turboni Frontoni Publicio Severo . . . s donis donato . . . ico. 
 Domaszewski, ap. Weber, I.e., suggests the restoration Parthico and 
 expresses the belief that because of his bravery ihere, Trajan sent 
 Turbo on the extraordinary command against the Jews. This is a 
 logical suggestion. Dessau, Pros. II p. 339 n. 179, previously suggested 
 that perhaps these dona were given for service against the Jews. 
 
 130 Eusebius says that in the 18th year of Trajan the trouble started, 
 and tihat in the 19th year (117 according to the chroniclers) it became 
 so great that Marcius Turbo was sent to quell it. In Hier. Euseb. 
 Chron. the same events cover three years. Dierauer, Gesch. Traj. p. 
 183 n. 1., has doubts about these dates, but he thinks the determining 
 point is that Turbo was sent directly after the withdrawal from Atra, 
 whidh took place in the first of 117. 
 
 58 
 
131 Wilcken in Hermes 27 (1892) p. 472, and SchuSrer, Gesch. d. Jud. 
 Volkes I 3 p. 664 n. 2, thought he was sent as prefect of Egypt. Jung, 
 p. 2, follows them. This view was objected to by Meyer in Hermes 
 32 (1897) pp. 217-218; cf. also Domaszewski ap. Weber, p. 53 n. 185; 
 Cantarelli, pp. 86-7; Premerstein, Attentat p. 17 n. 4 (p. 18). Turbo 
 was sent on an extraordinary military mission and when this was 
 fulfilled he returned. The inscription found in Mauretania (see 
 above) with the title proc. Aug. seems to me to dispose of the question 
 decisively, for he would not have been made procurator of Mauretania 
 after having been prefect of Egypt. 
 
 132 Syncell. 659. I : 'ASpiavbs 'lovSalovs tear ' AXe^avSpiuv <rTa<ria£oPTas 
 iKoXacrev = Hieron. ab Abr. 2133 (first year of Hadrian) : Hadrianus 
 Iudaeos capit secundo contra Romanos rebellantes. 
 
 133 "Vers l'an 118," says Cagnat, Armee p. 45. Schulz p. 37, says he 
 went "vermutlich noch um die Mitte x\ugust 117," with which Korne- 
 mann, Kaiser Had. p. 26 n. 3, agrees; cf. Rohden in PW I 501 (top). 
 
 134 "La mission que Marcius Turbo remplit sans doute avec le titre 
 de procurator fut de courte duree," De Lessert, I pp. 481 f . The title 
 is confirmed by the inscription found at Rapidum. 
 
 135 The calling of Turbo from Mauretania followed directly after 
 Hadrian's arrival in Moesia, i.e., the end of 117, or more probably 
 the beginning of 118; cf. Kornemann, op.cit. p. 26; Weber, pp. 59 and 
 73; Diirr, pp. 18 f. ; Rohden in PW I 502; Schulz, p. 38; Jung, p. 2. 
 
 136 Marcius Turbo was not, however, an ordinary substitute governor. 
 Rather, he stood above the governors as the emperor's representative 
 in an extraordinary military command; cf. Keyes, Rise of Equites, p. 
 3 n. 2 (p. 4), and see above under no. 4. 
 
 137 There are in general two opposing views regarding Turbo's com- 
 mand on the Danube: one, that the statements in Vit. Had. 6. 7 and 7. 3 
 are two accounts of the same thing (Diirr, p. 16. 46; Hirschfeld, 
 Verw. 2 p. 347 n. 4; Jung, p. 2; Dessau, Pros. II p. 340; Schulz, p. 30; 
 Kornemann, Kaiser Had. pp. 24 f.) ; the other, that the two statements 
 refer to two successive steps in his career (P. Meyer in Hermes 32 
 (1897) p. 218 n. 1; Cantarelli, pp. 86 f. ; Weber, pp. 73 f . ; Premerstein, 
 Attentat pp. 17 f.). Domaszewski, Serta Harteliana p. 9 n. 8, thinks he 
 was invested with the command as praefectus praetorio; cf. his Gesch. 
 d. rb'm. Kaiser II p. 189. He argues from Vita 6. 7 in connection with 
 CIL III 1462. Kornemann shows that this could not have been, for 
 then "waren drei Gardekommandariten anzunehmen, eine Neuerung die 
 erst in der Zeit des Commodus vorkommt." Premerstein, /. c, goes 
 so far in his view as to form conjectural titles for the two steps; 
 these seem, however, rather far-fetched. Turbo may have been given 
 different power after Hadrian had gone to Rome than when the em- 
 peror was in the province or making short journeys from it (cf. 
 Premerstein op. cit. p. 19), but he was holding an extraordinary com- 
 mand in any case, and the prefecture of Egypt was probably used 
 more by way of comparison than as the office which he actually held; 
 cf . Kornemann, op. cit. p. 26 : "dass Turbo als Oberkommandant an der 
 Danau den Titel eines praefectus Aegypti erhalten haben, kann icth 
 schlechterdings nicht glauben." I have followed above Kornemann's 
 
 59 
 
compromise which seems as near a solution as the available sources 
 allow. 
 
 138 Cf. Rohden in PW I 503; Kornemann, op. cit. pp. 27-8. 
 
 139 Hirschfeld, Verw. 1 p. 225 n. 34. 
 
 140 The way in .which Fronto mentions him in a letter to Pius (3 p. 
 165 ed. Naber) makes this seem probable. 
 
 141 On the place, cf. Wilcken in AP III (1906) pp. 3051. 
 
 142 The epistrategus mentioned in Giessen Pap. n. 10 is Philoxenus, 
 though no name occurs ; cf . ib. p. 160 III n. 10. 
 
 143 Hadrian received tribunician power the second time on Dec. 10, 
 117, the third time on Dec. 10, 118. He was consul the second time 
 from Jan. 1, 118, the third, from Jan. 1, 119. Therefore trib. pot. II 
 cot. Ill is impossible. The date should be either trib. pot. II cos. II 
 (Dec. 10, 117-Dec. 10, 118) or trib. pot. Ill cos. Ill (Dec. 10, 118-Dec. 
 10, 119). Trib. pot. Ill cos. II (Dec. 10, 118-Jan. 1, 119) is possible, 
 but hardly probable; cf. Cagnat, Corns p. 195- 
 
 144 An inscription of the time of Diocletian (VIII 21665) shows 
 that Ain-Temouchent corresponds to Albulae of the Itinerary of An- 
 toninus 36. 5. This inscription seems to show that under Hadrian 
 there was at this place a small fort called Sufative. 
 
 145 See no. 39. 
 
 146 'Bassus, no. 63, and Gellius Bassus, no. 77, were epistrategi of the 
 Heptanomis, while this is the one of the three divisions of Egypt 
 of which Bassus, no. 42, was not epistrategus. 
 
 147 Cf. Rohden, Be Palaestina et Arabia (1885) p. 2; Giglioli in 
 Notisie 1914 p. 83. 
 
 148 This is the first occurrence of the official title of the epistrategus 
 of Tower Egypt. Martin, who has made an exhaustive study of this 
 official (Les epistrateges, Geneva, 1911), conjectured that the title 
 might be iinaTpdTrjyos rrjs k&tu x^paj, or in Latin, procurator Augusti 
 ad epistrategiatn regionis inferioris (pp. 99 f.). We now know that 
 he was named from the city where he resided and that this city was 
 Pelusium, one of the three important cities of the Delta, and with 
 Memphis and Alexandria forming the three usual conventus cities of 
 Egypt; cf. Wilcken, "Der Agyptische Konvent" in AP IV (1908) pp. 
 366 f. 
 
 149 €f. XIV 1594 (Ostia) : D. M. C. Septici Cissi fecit Diapyrus 
 Septici Clari s. filio carissimo. vix. [an.] mens X d. III. This inscrip- 
 tion probably refers to a freedman of Septicius Glarus and in connec- 
 tion with the above reference from Pliny shows that his praenomen 
 was Gaius. 
 
 150 Cf. no. 39, and Rohden in PW I 503. 
 
 151 Cf. no. 23. 
 
 152 Diirr, p. 36. Mommsen in Plin. Epp., ed. Keil, 425, gives his 
 date as praefectus, 119-121. — Pliny wrote him a number of letters and 
 at his suggestion collected and published his letters {Epp. 1. i)-. To 
 him while praef. praet. Suetonius dedicated his Lives of the Caesars 
 (Lydus De mag. 2. 6) . At first he was raised to high honors by 
 Hadrian but was afterward counted as an enemy (Vit. Had. 15.2). Cf. 
 Pros. Ill p. 201 n. 302; .Mommsen, /. c. 
 
 60 
 
153 Concerning him see further Pros. II p. 14 n. 89; PW V 975 n. 
 126; Philostratus I.e. (remainder of chapter). 
 
 154 *ar^\e£e rots ev t<£ Movpelip <titov/x4voi.s. 
 
 155 Dio 69. 3. 
 
 156 See no. 46. 
 
 157 See no. 55. 
 
 158 The MSS of the De grammaticis et rhetoribus and of the Lives 
 of the Caesars give his three names; see Reifferscheid, De gram, et 
 rhet. p. 98. 
 
 159 This expression is not to be taken as the usual one for the 
 secretary. It does not occur in the inscriptions of the second century; 
 cf. Friedlander, I p. 185. 
 
 160 Rohden in PW I 503 ; Friedlander, /. c. 
 
 161 Lydus De mag. 2. 6. 
 
 162 Diirr, p. 36. Mommsen in Plin. Epp., ed. Keil, p. 426, puts his 
 removal from office in 121. 
 
 163 See no. 44. 
 
 164 Cf. Friedlander, I p. 187; Schmidt in PW III 1870 n. 13, says, 
 "bei Hadrian oder einem der beiden ersten Antonine." See also 
 Teuffel-Schwabe, Rom. Lit. 6th ed., §352. 3b. He may have been 
 identical with Caninius Celer, the rhetorician, the teacher of L. Verus 
 (Vit. Veri 2.5). 
 
 16 s Cf. Rohden in Pros. Ill p. 55 n. 400. 
 
 166 By Rohden, /. c, and Volkmann, Leben Plutarchs I p. 91. 
 
 167 Dessau in Hermes 45 (1910) pp. 615-17, discusses the matter and 
 expresses his disbelief in the statement of Syncellus. 
 
 168 Cf. Rohden, I.e.; Dessau, I.e. 
 
 169 There is no evidence for the post of praefectura vehiculorum 
 before Hadrian (Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 194 n. 1). The legio XXII 
 Deiotariana was formerly supposed to have ceased to exist under 
 Trajan. We now know that it still existed in 119, from Wilcken's 
 revised reading of BGU 140 in Hermes 37 (1902) pp. 86 f. ; see note 
 under no. 27. Therefore Iuncinus may have been tribune of this 
 legion later than had been supposed, but still Hirschfeld, /. c, seems to 
 be right in considering him the earliest example of praefectus vehicu- 
 lorum. 
 
 170 The iuridicus had his permanent residence at Alexandria (cf. 
 Ulpian Dig. 1.20.2: iuridico qui Alexandreae agit) and is therefore 
 usually called iuridicus Alexandreae ; cf. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 351. 
 In a Greek inscription of Hadrian's time he is called Myuvrov ko.1 'AXe- 
 Zavdpelas diKcuoSorrjs ; see no. 25. 
 
 17l! Unger (Lps. St. 10 [1887] p. 34) thinks he held this office in the 
 early part of Hadrian's reign : "Nam constat procuratura quattuor 
 
 publicorum Africae neminem exornatum esse nisi compluribus 
 
 procuraturis provincialibus bene administratis." 
 
 172 In Friedlander, I p. 187, from ". . . wovi. " which remains 
 in the Greek inscription. 
 
 173 The prefect of Egypt, being in a special sense the representative 
 of the emperor, was the manager of the finances of the province. 
 He filled the same position in regard to the finances as the Ptolemaic 
 
 61 
 
dioiKJTijs, Under him in the time of the empire there probably- 
 stood a procurator with the title 6 Sioiktjt^s, of higher rank than the 
 other financial procurators; cf. Hirschfeld, Verw? p. 349; Wilcken, 
 Gr. Ostraka I p. 498 and Grundziige I p. 156; Rostowzew, Staatspacht 
 pp. 459 f. From the evidence we possess (cf. Wilcken, Grundziige I p. 
 156 n. 5) we cannot tell the relation between him and the Ptolemaic 
 officer of like name. It is also impossible to tell whether he is iden- 
 tical with the proc. ad dioecesin Alexandres of our inscriptions. 
 Hirschfeld, op. cit. p. 359, is inclined to think that he is not, but cf. 
 Wilcken, /. c. See also Meyer in Festschrift zu 0. Hirschfeld pp. 
 
 MS.*- 
 
 174 The title procurator bibliothecarum seems to be the same as 
 a bibliothecis. 
 
 175 15. 3 : Eudaemonem prius conscium imperii ad egestatem perduxit 
 [Hadrianus]. — An attempt has been made to identify Eudaemon 
 with Valerius Eudaemon, praefectus Aegypti in 145 (Meyer in Fest- 
 schrift zu 0. Hirschfeld pp. 145 f . ; cf. Stein in PW VI 884). It seems 
 to me unlikely that they were the same. There are nine procuratorships 
 given in the Greek inscription, and it would probably have been neces- 
 sary for Eudaemon to have been praefectus vigilum or praefectus 
 annonae before holding the prefecture of Egypt. The length of career 
 would seem to raise a presumption against the identity. Hirschfeld 
 is likewise of the opinion that they were not identical, and remarks, 
 Verw. 2 p. 359, n. 3, "doch ist der Name in Agyp'ten nicht selten." 
 
 176 See note under no. 17. 
 
 177 vi 977: Imp. Hadriano Aug. n. p. p., M. Petronius Sura proc. cum 
 Mamertino et Antonino liberis. ex arg. p. us. See no. 75. 
 
 178 This title was not assumed officially until 128 (cf. Rohden in 
 PW I 500) although it appears on coins and inscriptions before this. 
 Therefore the restoration here is doubtful. 
 
 179 "Dass Iulius Fronto die Flotte zehn Jahre lang befehligt haben 
 kdnne, lasst sich nicht in Abrede stelleri, da die wenigen Documente, die 
 wir besitzen, nicht iiber die normale Amtsdauer eines Flottenprafekten 
 belehren und nur Falle von zufalligen Amtsenthebungen angeben. 
 Auch ware bei der wenig entwickelten Neigung der Romer fur den 
 Beruf des Seemanns eine langere Dauer solcher Stellungen an sich 
 gewiss nicht auffallend" (Tocilesco, p. 154). This does not seem to 
 have been the Iulius Fronto mentioned by Ulpian Dig. 48. 19. 5 {Pros. 
 II p. 193 n. 219) : Absentem in criminalibus damnari non debere divus 
 Traianus Iulio Frontoni rescripsit ; cf . Mommsen ap. Tocilesco, /. c. : 
 "La damnatio absentis appartient a la jurisdiction non militaire et se 
 comporte peu avec un emploi ordinis equestris." 
 
 180 Seneca erected II 1267, which gives his cursus in ascending order 
 omitting praef. classis Misenensis. This inscription is suspected by 
 Hiibner. 
 
 181 Marquardt, I p. 257 n. 6, gives this title as occurring only after 
 Septimius Severus and cites these two inscriptions (II 1178, 1267) of 
 Calpurnius Seneca and II 484, which Hubner refers to that time. 
 Perrero, Memorie della reale accademia delle scienze di Torino 49 pp. 
 285 and 299, refers II 1178 to the same man as the prefect of III Dipl. 
 XXXV. 
 
 62 
 
182 See no. 52. 
 
 183 According to IGR I 1078 which reads Moi.<na[vov] , with date 
 0(i0 k$' (Sept. 24). Plaumann, PW IX 901, prefers Moesia[nus] and 
 gives his date as between 120-1 and 122-3. 
 
 184 The date of this inscription has been variously given. Schwein- 
 furth in Petermann, Geog. Mitth. 20 (1875) p. 392, dated it 155, reading 
 
 erovs rf tov avroKparopos . That this could not be right was shown 
 
 by Stein in Hermes 32 (1897) p. 666, for in 155 M. Sempronius Lat- 
 eralis was prefect (cf. Cantarelli, p. 95 n. 48), and before him several 
 others held the office (cf. Cantarelli, pp. 91 f.). The reading of the 
 inscription in CIG 4955 and adopted by Cagnat, as given above, is to 
 be preferred. 
 
 185 This date is according to the new reading y j, instead of c b 
 as suggested by Grenfell and Hunt in Ox. Pap. Ill v>. 175 note, and ac- 
 cepted by Meyer in AP III (1906) p. 67 n. 2. The old reading was 
 uncertain, while the new avoids the conflict in dates as explained by 
 Grenfell and Hunt, /. c. 
 
 186 His praenomen occurs in III 6025 and AE 1896 p. 14 n. 41 as well 
 as in BGU 113. 
 
 187 Dio 71.22. 
 
 188 Cf. Hirschfeld, Verw. 1 p. 257 n. 4. 
 
 189 See no. 75. 
 
 190 He seems to have been identical with the philosopher Heliodorus 
 with whom Hadrian was on familiar terms {Vit. Had. 16.10), al- 
 though the fact that he was advanced to the prefecture of Egypt un- 
 der Hadrian does not harmonize well with the statement of the 
 biographer, 15. 5 : quern idem famosissimis litteris lacessivit. He may 
 have regained favor later, or the statement may be overdrawn. 
 
 191 Cf . Cantarelli, p. 91 n. 44. 
 
 192 Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 363 and n.i. Wilcken in Hermes 23 (1888) 
 pp. 600 f., Gr. Ostraka I pp. 643 f., Grundziige, I 1 pp. 114 and 126 f., 
 Otto, Priester u. Temp el I pp. 58 f., and Plaumann in PW IX 893 f., 
 would combine the offices of idiologus and high priest at least as early 
 as 122-3, relying mainly on BGU I 250. Rostowzew in Phil. 57 (1898) 
 p. 574, agrees with them. P. Meyer, Festschrift zu 0. Hirschfeld pp. 
 159 f., and Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 357 n. 2 (cf. p. 363 n. 1), think the evi- 
 dence is insufficient to assume this for the second century. For the 
 third century the evidence is conclusive (see references given above). 
 Plaumann in PW IX 901, gives Teimocrates as priest or idologus be- 
 fore 123, from Tebt. Pap. II 297. 
 
 193 "With this naming of the chief city of Egypt on equal footing 
 with the country itself, cf. the title of the first prefect, C. Cornelius 
 Gallus, praefect[us Alex]andreae et Aegypti (AE 1896 n. 43) and 
 Alytiirrov /cat ' A\e£av8pelas diKaioddrris (no. 25 above), and cf. Hirschfeld, 
 Verzu. 2 pp. 346 f. and 360. 
 
 194 Otto, op. cit. p. 59 n. 1, pp. 66 f ., p. 197 n. 8, would put some of his 
 earlier offices, beginning with the presidency of the Museum, before 
 Hadrian, and would place the priesthood (combined with the office of 
 idiologus) last, during the early years of Hadrian. Jung, W. St. 14 
 (1892) pp. 257 f., begins his cursus with ab epistulis. This is certainly 
 not correct. 
 
 63 
 
195 Cf. Pros. I p. 189 n. 1171; Chapot, p. 307. 
 
 196 The date of the papyrus cannot be definitely fixed. It is as- 
 signed by Wessely to the second century. 
 
 197 On the date to be assigned to Maximianus as iuridicus, cf. Meyer 
 in AP III (1906) p. 104. 
 
 198 The identification is suggested by Martin in AP VI (1913) P- 216. 
 
 199 Titianus is mentioned in many other papyri. The inscription 
 XIII 1804 ( . . ,[F]l(avio) T. fil. Q[uir.] Titiano [pr]oc. Aug. provin- 
 cial [Lu]g. et Aquitanicae, proc. [pa]trimoni, proc. pro [v. Gajlat. [et 
 Pon]t. proc. pro[v. . . .]) is of doubtful date and cannot be referred 
 to him as was done by Roulez, "Leg. propreteurs et procurateurs" p. 51 
 {Mem. roy. acad. de Belg., 1875) ; cf. Dessau, Pros. II p. 76 n. 252; PW 
 VI 2620 n. 194; CIL XIII 1804 note. 
 
 200 See no. 32. 
 
 201 See no. 75- 
 
 202 See G. Radet in Bull corr. hell. 11 (1887) pp. 114 f. 
 
 203 Cf. Bassus, no. 42, and Gellius Bassus, no. 77. 
 
 204 Cf. Ferrero, Memorie accad. Torino 49 p. 299. 
 
 205 This long inscription gives decrees of the Lycian state, letters 
 of Roman officials and of the Emperor Hadrian by which Opramoas, 
 a native of Rhodiapolis, was honored between the years 124 and 153. 
 The dates given are those fixed by Heberdey, Opramoas Inschriften 
 vom Heroon zu Rhodiapolis, Vienna, 1897, ap. Cagnat, IGR III 739 
 P- 293. 
 
 206 Weber, p. 225 and n. 801, follows Heberdey in taking this as a 
 
 return to Rhodiapolis: "Hadrian ist Fruhjahr 129 in Rhodiapolis 
 
 gewesen , 130-1 hat er zum zweitenmal die Gegend besucht" 
 
 (p. 226). 
 
 207 Cf. Marquardt, I pp. 375 f. 
 
 208 Cf . de Lessert, I p. 484. Kornemann. Kaiser Hadrian pp. 53 f ., 
 discusses the year of his visit carefully. 
 
 209 "Munera videntur vere, ut monui Ephem. ep. IV p. 285, ad tem- 
 pora enumerari, cum expeditio Britannica omnino sit Hadriani; id si 
 ita est, Sabinus equestribus militiis perfunctus et equestribus donis 
 donatus deinde ex equite centurio factus ita denuo ad alteros honores 
 equestres pervenit" (note in CIL). 
 
 210 Orelli thought this inscription seemed to show a difference be- 
 tween Britto and Britannus; cf. his note to n. 804. See also note un- 
 der no. 32 above. 
 
 211 Cf. Rohden in PW I 504. 
 
 212 Rohden in Pros. Ill p. 45 n. 350; Liebenam. Legaten p. 136 n. 5; 
 Jung, p. 6 n. 5, who, however, citing von Domaszewski (see note under 
 no. 83), says he may have been procurator cum iure gladii; cf. ib. pp. 1 
 and 40. 
 
 213 Cf. Brandis in PW IV 1971 and PW VI 2540 under n. 67. 
 
 214 Cf. Brandis in PW IV 1970. 
 
 215 x. Flavius Constans, no. 84. 
 
 216 (Iulius) Fidus Aquila, no. 78. 
 
 217 See reference under no. 84. 
 
 218 Mentioned in VIII 9365 and III 1374; cf. Brandis in PW IV 1971 ; 
 Jung, p. 17. 
 
 64 
 
219 Jung, p. 6 n. s. 
 
 220 Peaks, p. 175. 
 
 22 * Cf. VIII 8925, 893S. 
 
 222 Cichorius in PW I 1238, thinks he received the dona as praef. 
 alae I Aug. Gem. colonorum. Stein in PW IV 1296 n. 126, Klebs, 
 Pros. I p. 443 n. 1088, Steiner in Bonner Jahrb. 114-115 (1906) p. 83 n. 
 in, believe he received them as praef ectus classis. 
 
 223 On this officer see Wilcken, Grundsuge I pp. 161 and 369 £., also 
 in AP IV (1908) p. 126; Ausfeld in Phil. 63 (1904) pp. 4811. ; Momm- 
 sen in Hermes 35 (1900) p. 445; Premerstein in Klio III (1903) pp. 
 14 f . ; Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 364. He had charge of the storehouses for 
 grain in the northern part of Alexandria, while the procurator ad Mer- 
 cwriam (under Marcus and Verus) had charge of those in the south- 
 east. The first mention of the functions is in the time of Domitian (cf. 
 Grundsiige I p. 369)- The proc. Neaspoleos et Mausolei is first men- 
 tioned in Pap. in Brit. Mus. Ill p. 125, of the year 104. 
 
 224 Cf. Stein in AP I (1901) p. 446 n. 5. 
 
 225 Cf. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 pp. 170 f. ; Rostowzew, Staatspacht pp. 
 452-3. This is the only instance which we know of a knight in this 
 position. It seems to show merely that a knight was sometimes em- 
 ployed as procurator marmorum but does not necessarily indicate a 
 change of policy. We know of only one other procurator from 
 Euboea, C(laudius) Cerialis, Ann. inst. arch. 42 (1870) p. 172 n. 1, 
 probably a freedman. Hadrian employed freedmen in Asia, as we see 
 from ib. p. 191 nn. 258, 259: Irenaeus Aug. lib. proc, (year 137). 
 
 226 Thg phrase £v rrj wapa &vu "LefizwiTov seems to be a mistake. 
 irapd is perhaps for «y°p£; cf. 1. 20 of the same document, eirl rod tv rrj 
 dyopq. pharos (note of Grenfell and Hunt, p. 171). At any rate the 
 proceedings referred to were held in the Sebennyte nome, which was 
 in the Delta. Therefore Felix must have been epistrategus of the 
 Delta; cf. Martin, Les Epistrateges p. 179 n. 2. 
 
 227 They are placed by Klebs, Pros. I p. 184 n. 1158, under the same 
 number though he does not identify them. Rohden in PW II 2296 n. 
 33, from CIL VII 18, reads, ["C] Aufidiu[s] Pantera (besser 
 Panthera)." The traces of the praenomen are uncertain, and it may 
 have been Lucius. 
 
 228 His praenomen is usually given as Sextus on the strength of the 
 inscription from Thebes, but all that is left of the name is a doubtful x. 
 We are surely right in calling him Marcus from Fayum Towns XXI 
 and Pap. Greco-Egizii, Comparetti e Vitelli III n. 3'i9. This was the 
 praenomen of his father (M. Petronius Sura, no. 51), and also of his 
 son (M. Petronius Sura Mamertinus, Pros. Ill p. 30 n. 229). 
 
 229 See no. 60. 
 
 230 See no. 55. 
 
 231 Fit. Pit 8.6,7: Nam Gavius Maximus praef ectus praetorio usque 
 ad vicensimum annum sub eo pervenit, vir severissimus, cui Tatius 
 Maximus successit; cf. Pros. Ill p. 28 n. 212; Stein in PW VII 868-9 
 n. 18. Gavius doubtless held some offices under Hadrian but of them 
 we know nothing. The [pr]oc. Aug. of IX 5360 seems to refer not to 
 him but to the dedicator; cf. Dessau, Pros. II p. 112 n. 60, and Stein, /. c. 
 
 65 
 
232 As to the meaning of the name see Domaszewski in PW II 2349 
 n. 25 and cf. C1L VII 340-344: ala Augusta - - ob virtutem appellata. 
 The Alexandrian and later the African fleet was connected with the 
 grain supply of (Rome; cf. Hirschfeld, Verw? p. 229 and Fiebiger in 
 PW III 2641. 
 
 233 Cf. CIG 4735. 
 
 234 Since Oxyrhynchus and the Fayum are in this division. 
 
 235 Cf. Stein in PW VII 1000-1 n. 14. See, however, Martin, Les 
 Epistrateges p. 180 n. 3 : "II se peut que Gellius Bassus, epistratege en 
 135, soit le meme personage qui avait deja rempli cette charge une fois r 
 sept ans plus tot, en 128." 
 
 236 Since in 130 Antinoos, the favorite of Hadrian, died and was 
 deified. 
 
 237 Cf. Martin, op. cit. p. 186 n. 1, who proposes the restoration [Ft. 
 Aq]uila. 
 
 238 See no. 69 and notes. 
 
 239 Cf. Hiibner in Hermes 16 (1881) p. 560; Cichorius in PW IV 309. 
 
 240 Cf . Daremberg and Saglio, Diet. ant. Ill 1080. 
 
 241 Cf. Ritterling, De leg. X Gemma pp. 51 f . ; Junemann in Lpz. St. 
 16 (1894) PP- 7i f- 
 
 242 Cf. Ritterling in PW I 1258. 
 
 243 Cf. Jung, p. 11 n. 2. 
 
 244 The usual process for raising a procurator to the senatorial or- 
 der was adlectio inter praetorios, sometimes, inter tribunicios. The 
 career of Statius Priscus is very exceptional in that he passed from 
 the equestrian cursus to the senatorial by regular election to the 
 quaestorship ; cf. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 415 and n. 2 (p. 416). 
 Mommsen, St. R. Ill p. 509 n. 1, gives this as the only known example 
 of this sort of transfer. For the senatorial career of Statius Priscus, 
 see Jung, pp. 12 f . ; Pros. Ill p. 269 n. 637. 
 
 245 Otto, Priester u. Tempel I p. 173, and Plaumann in PW IX 901-2, 
 identify them. Meyer, Festschrift zu O. Hirschfeld p. 163, places the 
 Statilius Maximus of the Greek inscription under Hadrian, but does 
 not mention ±he Latin inscription. Cf. also Pros. Ill p. 261 nn. 603 
 and 599. CIL III 47 refers to the same man. 
 
 246 Aelius seems to have been adopted by Hadrian in the latter part 
 of 136 (cf. Rohden in PW III 1830-1 ; Klebs, Pros. I p. 327), and 
 to have gone to Pannonia in the course of 137 (cf. Rohden, /. c; 
 Klebs, op. cit. p. 328 with references there cited ; and also cf . Liebenam, 
 Legaten p. 443 and n. 4). Ritterling, Statthalter d. Pann. Prov. pp. 
 19-20, puts his time in Pannonia, from the second half of 136 to his 
 death. 
 
 247 Cf. de Lessert, I p. 486. 
 
 248 Hadrian was given tribunician power for the 22d time on Dec. 
 10, 137 (Cagnat, Cours p. 197), and he died in July, 138. Therefore 
 this number is an error. The date of the inscription is given by the 
 union of Antoninus with Hadrian in the dedication. Antoninus was 
 adopted and given tribunician power on Feb. 25, 138 (Cagnat, I.e.). 
 The date therefore lies between Feb. 25 and July 10, 138. Since in 
 
 66 
 
the first inscription the dedication is to Hadrian alone in his 22d tribu- 
 nician power, it must fall between Dec. io, 137 and Feb. 25, 138. 
 
 249 Rh. Mus. 48 (1893) p. 244: "Die streng technische Ausdrucksweise 
 nothigt in dem Procurator den Oberbefehlshaber aller Truppen am 
 Alutalimes zu erkennen und es hat demnach der Procurator des siid- 
 lichen Provinz prasidialischen Character behabt, wenn er auch dem 
 Statthalter von Gesammtdacien war." 
 
 250 Verw. 2 p. 377. 
 
 251 In PW IV 1971 ; cf. ib. VI 2540 n. 67. 
 
 252 Cf. no. 69. 
 
 253 Cf. Hirschfeld in Phil. 29 (1870) p. 57; Klein, I p. 263; see above 
 no. 48. 
 
 254 Down to the time of Claudius a quaestor Ostiensis had charge 
 of the harbor (cf. Mommsen, St. R. II pp. 571 f.). An imperial pro- 
 curator (procurator portus Ostiensis, XIV 163) was then appointed 
 and he was later replaced by the procurator annonae or ad annonam 
 Ostis or Ostiae. 
 
 255 He was advanced in salary in the same office from a centenarius 
 to a ducenarius probably because extra burden was added in caring 
 for the needs of the army as it marched from Rome. This duty was 
 sometimes shown by the title, e. g., praefectus vehiculorum a copiis 
 Augusti per viam Flaminiam (X 6662). The emperor often went 
 northward by the Flaminian Road with his army; cf. Hirschfeld, 
 Verm. 2 p. 194 and n. 2, and also Mommsen, St. R. II p. i03'i n. 2. 
 
 256 The f orm f government of Sardinia was often changed. From 
 6-67 A.D. it was under equestrian prefects ; it was then given to the 
 senate in exchange for Achaia, which Nero made libera, but under 
 Vespasian it was again made a procuratorial province when Achaia, 
 having lost its freedom, was given back to the senate. Under Marcus 
 and Commodus it was again a senatorial province but under Severus 
 was given to a procurator. The title of the procurator varies: in 46, 
 praefectus Sardiniae (Eph. cp. 8. 744) ; in 74, proc. et praef. Sardiniae 
 (X 8023, 8024) ; in 83, pro[c.]. Aug, praef. provinci[ae] Sardin(iae) 
 (Dessau, 5350) ; under Pius, proc. Aug. praef. prov. Sard., (above) ; 
 and in the third century, procurator Augusti et praeses (or prae- 
 fectus) ; cf. Marquardt, I pp. 248 f. ; Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 373 n: 4. 
 
 257 Cf. Dessau in Pros. II p. 186 n. 175. 
 
 258 "Der ritterliche curator viae lignariae triumphalis (XIII 1808) 
 ist noch nicht sicher gedeutet, aber wohl nur als ausserordentlicher 
 Kommissar bei einem Triumph eingesetzt worden," Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 
 p. 208 n. 1 (end). 
 
 259 Augustus divided Gaul into 64 administative districts. Tac. Ann. 
 3. 44 : quattuor et sexaginta Galliarum civitates. Strabo 4 p. 192, gives 
 in round numbers 60. Ptolemaeus II 7, gives in Aquitania, 17, in Lug- 
 dunensis, 25, in Belgica, 22, a total of 64 edvv] cf. Marquardt, I. 
 p. 268 n. 11. Thus Celsus held the levy in only a part of Aquitania. 
 
 260 Sex. Cornelius Dexter, no. 71, held the office at about this time, 
 probably a little before Celsus. 
 
 261 St. R. Ill p. 490 and n. 2. Cf . T. Haterius Nepos, no. 32. Iulius 
 
 67 
 
Celsus is said to have been chosen by Hadrian among his legal ad- 
 visers (Fit. Had. 18), but this without doubt should be Iuventius Celsus, 
 cf. Pros. II p. 2515 n. 590, and CIL XIII 1808 note. 
 
 262 He was of the same family as the Claudius Iulianus who com- 
 manded the fleet at Misenum a little before Vitellius (Tac. Hist. 3, 57 
 and 77) ; cf. Borghesi, Opp. Ill pp. 128 f. He was not identical with 
 Claudius Julianus (no. 81) idiologus of Egypt about 136 to 140, for the 
 praefectus annonae was of higher rank than the idiologus. They were 
 doubtless of the same family. 
 
 283 Cf. note under no. 17. 
 
 264 Bull. soc. nat. antiq. de France 1902 p. 341: Aemilio [I] unco 
 [p]roc. Aug. This identity cannot be proven but it seems very prob- 
 able. Aemilius Iuncus was perhaps the father of L. Aemilius Iuncus, 
 cos. suff. in 127, who was a Syrian (IG III 622) and, as Dessau, 
 Hermes 45 (1910) p. 18, thinks, the first of the Syrians to hold the 
 consulship. Before his consulship, about 125, the latter had been leg. 
 Aug. pr. pr. in Ac'haia (IG III 622; Dittenberger in his note to this in- 
 scription believes the same man is mentioned in CIG 1346). After his 
 consulship he may have become proconsul of Asia (Bull. corr. hell. 11 
 [1887] p. 99 n. 22) ; cf. Chapot, p. 305; Rohden in PW I 550 n. 54. To 
 one of these men are to be referred XV 257 : Ex figlin. Iuncianis Paet. 
 et Ap. cos. (year 123), and Lanciani, Syll. aquar. 567: L. Aemili Iunci. 
 The Iuncus of IG III 70 was probably an Athenian citizen who had 
 received a cognomen from the legate (Dittenberger's note), and not a 
 Roman magistrate (Pros. II p. 232 n. 461). 
 
 265 See note under no. 17. 
 
 266 See note under no. 17. 
 
 267 The date of this inscription has been variously given. Renier, 
 Melanges ep. pp. 90-1, assigned it to the time of Caracalla. Hiibner in 
 the Corpus, inclined to the earlier part of the second century. The 
 papyri have helped in dating the prefecture of Egypt and we can now 
 safely put it under Pius. CIL II 1971 mentions Proculus as prefect of 
 Egypt. 
 
 268 p or Thracum. 
 
 269 Grotefend in Zeitschr. f. Altertumswissenschaft 1835 p. 305 ap. 
 Hiibner, I. c, thought a classis potamophylacia was meant, with the duty 
 of overseeing the traffic on Lake Mareotis. Renier, Melanges ep. pp. 
 91 f., thought potamophylaci was the dative from the Greek iroTa.fw<t>i\a^ 
 (cf. Wilcken, Gr. Ostraka I p. 282), "garde du Nil," an officer 
 brought over from the Ptolemies and hence with a Greek name, whose 
 duty was to look after canals, inundation, etc., and who was in charge 
 of a fleet of small craft. Schwartz in Jahrb.f. Phil. 37 (1891) pp. 
 713-16, has discussed the matter fully. There were three places along 
 the 'Nile which give a clue to the interpretation, — 'Ep/j.ovo\tTiK^ 
 (j>v\aK-f), 9r/j3atKT/ (pv\a.KTrj (Strabo 1 7 p. 813), and Sargentes, called by 
 Stephanus of Byzantium $v\o.kt] Alyvirrla . These seem to have been 
 guard posts for protection from the pirates and the barbarous tribes 
 of the desert near by. These posts suggest a fleet of boats for police 
 duty, and the praefectus potamophylaciae seems to have been the com- 
 mander of this fleet. From Strabo /. c, and Agatharchides (Phot. 
 
Bibl. p. 447 ed. Bekker), 'Ep[M>iro\iTt.K7) <t>v\a.Kr) is seen to have been a 
 place for the receipt of customs, and Schwartz concludes that there 
 must have been six of these posts and that the collection of duties 
 at these places was likewise under the charge of the praefectus potamo- 
 phylaciae. Jung, W. St. 14 (1892) p. 264, and Fiebiger in PW III 
 2641, accept this view. Cf. also Henzen in Orelli-Henzen, III n. 6928; 
 Lumbroso, Bull. d. Inst. 1876 pp. 102-4 and L'Egitto ai tempo del Greci 
 e dei Romani pp. 25-7 ; Wilcken, Gr. Ostraka I pp. 282 f ., and Grund- 
 zuge I p. 392; Premerstein, Klio III (1903) P- 16. 
 
 270 Cf. Q. Marcius Hermogenes, prefect of the Alexandrian fleet in 
 134 (above no. 76). 
 
 271 Rambertus gives delectatori Aug. prov. Hubner, /. c, suggests 
 from this prov[inc. Afric. et]. Dilectator, however, as he says, is not 
 placed with the genitive of the province but usually dilectator per 
 Africam, etc. Bayer's reading procu . . . would suggest dilectator 
 Aug. procurator, but this is unusual. And so Hubner says, "statuen- 
 dum est alterum utrum aut dilectatoris procuratoris munera simpliciter 
 coniuncta fuisse in hoc titulo, aut 'item' vocabulum excidisse." Hubner 
 implies that Proculus was possibly dilectator in Baetica, but this could 
 hardly have been, for it was a senatorial province; cf. Liebenam in 
 PW V 618; iMommsen, St. R. II p. 1090. 
 
 272 .. . provinc. veteris Hispan. Baetic; cf. Mommsen ap. Henzen, 
 /. c, "cum ulterior Hispania ab Augusto divisa sit in Baeticam sive 
 proprie ulteriorem et Lusitaniam, Baeticae quoque veteris nomen 
 videtur convenire." Dessau in Pros. Ill p. 375 n. 119, inclines to "uteris 
 fortasse ulterioris." 
 
 273 Henzen, I. c, says perhaps Cappad(ociae) Gal(atiae), and 
 Mommsen ap. Hubner, I.e., Cap p. Paflag. Gal, for Cartag. Gal. 
 
 27 <*'Cf. Chapot, p. 2)2>7, "proc. Asiae sous Hadrien ou Antonin le 
 Pieux." 
 
 275 Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 377 n. 7, thinks the restoration is too un- 
 certain and doubts whether he was proc. trium [Gailia]r. He makes 
 no other suggestion. Proculus was perhaps procurator a rationibus 
 after this; cf. Friedlander, I p. 174. 
 
 276 Cf. Cantarelli, p. 91. 
 
 277 Cf. Cantarelli, p. 92. 
 
 278 Ed. 7, Bruns-Gradenwitz. This inscription of four columns was 
 found in Thignica, Africa. It was first edited by Carcopino in 
 Melanges de I'ecole frangaise de Rome, 1906 pp. 365-481. It was after- 
 ward discussed by Mispoulet in Nouvelle revue hisi. de droit franqais 
 et etranger, 1906 pp. 812-15, and 1907 pp. 5-48; by A. Schulten in Klio 
 VII (1907) pp. 188-222: by Carcopino again in Klio VIII (1908) pp. 
 154-185 ; and by Rostowzew, Studien sur Gesch. des rom. Kolonates 
 pp. 321-328. 
 
 279 Klio VIII (1908) pp. 166 f. He thinks Januarius was his as- 
 sistant and Martialis, his secretary. 
 
 280 In the article cited. 
 
 281 Op. cit. p. 336, 
 
 69 
 
282 Article cited pp. 195 £. He considers Martialis procurator saltus 
 and Januarius, adiutor. 
 
 283 Cf. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 pp. 125 £. 
 
 284 Article cited, esp. pp. 194 f . He bases his assumption largely on 
 the phrase egregio viro of the inscription. He considers this a title 
 of distinction applied to Pudens because of his office and draws the 
 conclusion (p. 212) that this title was applied to knights under 
 Hadrian and not, as was formerly thought, first under Marcus and 
 Verus (cf. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 451). Stein in W. St. 34 (1912) p. 
 161, does not agree with him in this, since the phrase is here written 
 out at length and not abbreviated as was usual when used technically. 
 Cf. Carcopino, Klio VIII (1908) p. 169. 
 
 285 Op. cit. p. 336. 
 
 2 *«Klio VIII (1908) pp. 169 f. 
 
 287 In the article cited. 
 
 288 The reading of Bruns-Gradenwitz accepted by Rostowzew. Car- 
 copino, Mispoulet and Schulten read Carinus. 
 
 289 Article cited, esp, pp. 193 f . He makes Doryphorus his adiutor, a 
 freedman, and Primigenuus, a \procurator saltus, likewise a freedman. 
 
 290 He also considers Doryphorus a procurator regionis and Primi- 
 genuus, a procurator saltus. 
 
 29x Op. cit. p. 335. 
 
 70 
 
NOTES ON CHAPTER II 
 
 1 Liebenam, Laufbahn pp. 5 f . ; Mommsen, St. R. Ill pp. 558 f. ; 
 Kornemann in Neue Jahrb. 1899 p. 127; Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 pp. 417 f. 
 
 2 Cf. Hirschfeld, op. cit. pp. 426 f. ; Mommsen, op. cit. p. 561. This 
 change was probably made by Hadrian in imitation of the Egyptian 
 practice of Ptolemaic times, when a purely civil career is to be as- 
 sumed because of the mercenary army ; cf . Kornemann, /. c. 
 
 3 Cf . Liebenam, op. cit. p. 6. 
 
 4 Cf. Hirschfield, op. cit. pp. 428 f . 
 
 5 No. 38. 
 
 6 No. 45. 
 
 7 No. 57. 
 
 8 No. 50. 
 
 9 No. 49. 
 
 10 No. 86. 
 " No. 85. 
 
 12 See no. 55 and cf. Hirschfeld, op. cit. p. 427 n. 1, "trotz der Angabe 
 in der durch and durch verfalschten Biographie des Avidius Cassius 
 c. 1 : qui ordines duxerat." 
 
 13 Cf. Liebenam, Laufbahn p. 5 and especially Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 
 pp. 478 f. 
 
 14 Cf . Hirschfeld, I. c, Pelham, Essays p. 163 : "The old distinction 
 once so earnestly maintained between the public service of the state 
 and the private service of Caesar is scarcely heard of after the reign 
 of Hadrian," i.e., the change was completed during the reign of 
 Hadrian. 
 
 15 From XI 5028 and Bormann's note on his military career Sex. 
 Caesius Propertianus, an eques, seems to have been proc. imp. a patrim. 
 et heredit. et a libell., under Vitellius ; cf. Tac. Hist. 1.58: Vitellius mini- 
 steria principatus per libertos agi solita in equites Romanos disponit. 
 Otho had an eques as secretary, as we know from Plutarch Otho c.9: 
 'ZeKovvdos 6 pit/Tup iirl tSjv £itiitto\uiv yev6/j.evos rod "O0u)i>os, probably Iulius 
 Secundus of Tac. Dial.; cf. Friedlander, I p. 183. Dionysius of Alex- 
 andria was probably ab epistulis under Domitian ; Suid. s. v. AtowJo-ios 
 'AXefcvdpefc ; cf. Rostowzew in PW VI 212. Cn. Octavius Titinius 
 Capito (no. 6) was procurator ab epistulis and a patrimonio under 
 Domitian (cf. Suet. Dom. 7: quaedam ex maximis officiis inter liber- 
 tinos equitesque Romanos communicavit), ab epistulis a second time 
 under Nerva, and a third time under Trajan. L. Vibius Lentulus 
 (no. 8) was procurator Augusti a rationibus under Trajan. 
 
 16 Cf. Herzog, St. Verf. II -p. 363 n. 1. 
 
 17 Cf. Mommsen, 5"*. R. II p. 838 n. 2. 
 
 18 Cf . Schurz, pp. 29-30. 
 
 71 
 
19 See above note 15. 
 
 20 See above note 15. 
 
 21 See the list given by Friedlander, I p. 184. 
 
 22 No. 45. 
 
 23 No. 55- 
 
 24 No. 50. 
 
 25 No. 57. 
 
 26 No. 46. 
 
 27 No. 82. 
 
 28 This can be inferred from the occurrence of the title ab epistulis 
 Latinis (VI 8610, 891 1) under the Flavians, and of ab epistulis Latinis- 
 (XI 1434) and ab epistulis Graecis (VI 8607) under Trajan. The men 
 mentioned in these inscriptions were liberti Augusti. 
 
 29 Cf. Vaglieri in Dis. cp. Ill 606. 
 
 30 Cf. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 pp. 321-2. 
 
 31 Cf. Rostowzew in PW VI 213. 
 
 32 No. 32. 
 
 33 Since Vitellius ; see above. 
 
 34 Cf. Hirschfeld, op. cit. p. 333. 
 
 35 Cf . VI 8636 : Ti. Claudius Lemnius divi Claudi Augusti lib. a 
 studiis. 
 
 36 No. 57. 
 
 37 See the list given by Friedlander, I pp. 171 f. 
 
 38 Vitellius may have appointed a knight to this office as well as to 
 the offices ab epistulis and a libellis; Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 31, who 
 reasons from Tac. Hist. 1.58; cf. Schurz, p. 34. 
 
 39 No. 8. His title in Greek was 'En It pottos He^ao-rov airb tCov \6ywv. 
 Liebenam in his article on a rationibus in PW zweite Reihe I 264 does 
 not mention the fact that Trajan employed a knight at the head 
 of this department with the title proc. Aug. a rationibus. 
 
 40 Before becoming proc. Aug. a rationibus he was proc. Aug.. 
 monetae, proc. Aug. Pannoniae et Dalmatiae, proc. Aug. Asiae, proc. 
 Aug. a loricata. 
 
 *iNo. 6. 
 
 42 Tutilius Pudens and Verridius Bassus have been regarded by some 
 as procuratores a rationibus but the matter is very doubtful; see nos.. 
 93 and 94. 
 
 43 L. Valerius Proculus (no. 92) and Ti. Claudius Secundinus L.. 
 
 Statius Macedo, proc. XX her., proc. proving.] Lungdunens. et 
 
 Aquitan., proc. a rationibus Aug. (cf. Phil. 29 [1870] p. 32. 18), praef. 
 an[non.] -.,.- (V 867), whose date is fixed by XIV 2008a: Imp. An- 
 tonini Aug. Pii sub cur. CI. Secundini a ra[tion.] ; cf. Friedlander, 
 I p. 174. 
 
 44 Cf . Schurz, pp. 33 f . ; Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 31 and p. 478. 
 
 45 Cf. ib. 11. 1; laborabat reditus quoque provinciales sollerter 
 
 explorans, ut si alicubi quippiam deesset, expleret. 
 
 46 The fact that Spartianus was wrong in his statement in Vit. Had. 
 22. 8 : ab epistulis et a libellis primus equites Romanos habuit, leads 
 one to suspect him here. There were, however, advocati fisci under 
 Pius and he would hardly be thought to have instituted the office ; it 
 
 72 
 
seems certain, also, that Hadrian was especially interested in the 
 finances of the empire; there is no indication that Trajan first ap- 
 pointed the advocati fisci. The natural assumption is that Hadrian 
 is to be accredited with this reform. 
 
 47 De Ruggiero, Die. ep. I p. 126, thinks he appointed only one to 
 officiate at Rome, mainly from the fact that no mention of one for 
 the provinces has come down to us; but cf. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 49 
 n. 4. Kugitschek in PW I 439, thinks that at first there was only 
 one advocatus, but that soon afterward others were appointed. 
 
 48 Sex. Caecilio Crescent [i] Volusiano advocato fisci Romae, 
 
 proc. [X]X her., ab epistufl., di]vi Antonini . 
 
 49 Verw. 2 p. 49 ; cf . also Schurz, p. 26, "nunc veto malim contendere 
 iam ab Hadriano complures et Romae et in provinciis esse constitutos." 
 
 50 Cf . Schurz, p. 2>7- 
 
 51 Cf. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 40 and n. 3 with examples. 
 
 52 Cf. Rostowzew in Rom. Mitth. 13 (1898) p. no n. 1; Hirschfeld, 
 op. cit. p. 113. 
 
 53 As Rostowzew, /. c, thinks. 
 
 54 Hirschfeld, op. cit. pp. 113 f. 
 
 55 No. 32. Hirschfeld, op. cit. p. 114 n. 2 (cf. ib. p. 65 n. i), believes 
 he may have held the office even under Trajan. But between 114-117 
 and Aug. 117 there was hardly more than time for the two offices 
 proc. Armeniae maior. and proc. ludi magni. Moreover Trajan was 
 rather too much occupied with conquest in the latter part of his reign 
 to take up any important reform in the civil service. We must admit, 
 however, that the time between Aug., 117 and 121 was none too 
 long for the positions of proc. hered., a censibus a libellis Aug., praef. 
 vigilum. 
 
 56 No. so. 
 
 57 No. 85. His time has been considered uncertain ; he seems, 
 however, to have held office toward the end of Hadrian's reign. 
 
 58 Cf. (with Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 99 n. 1) Plin. Paneg. 37: ratus 
 improbe et insolenter ac paene impie his nominibus inseri publicanum; 
 ib. 39: statuit communis omnium parens summam quae publicanum 
 pati posset (100); Epp. VII 14. 1 : quanti a publicanis partem vicesi- 
 mam emisti (about 107). 
 
 59 Examples given by Hirschfeld, op. cit. p. 99 n. 2. 
 
 60 Examples given by Hirschfeld, op. cit. pp. 101-3, 105. 
 
 61 Cf. Hirschfeld, op. cit. pp. 99 and 100. 
 
 62 Statius Priscus, no. 79 ; and Iulius Celsus, no. 86. 
 
 63 Cf. Herzog, St. Verf. II p. 363 and n. 2. 
 
 64 By Rostowzew, Staatspacht p. 504. 
 
 65 Besius Betuinianus, no. 18 ; Manlius Felix, no. 24 ; Memmius Apol- 
 linaris, no. 26. 
 
 66 Besius held the office between the procuratorships of Baetica and 
 Mauretania Tingitana; Memmius Apollinaris, after being procurator 
 of Lusitania and before being procurator of Thrace. The position of 
 Manlius Felix was perhaps lower in rank, since it was held after he 
 was proc. Aug. reg. Chers(onesae). 
 
 67 Staatspacht pp. 393 f . 
 
 73 
 
68 By Rostowzew, op. cit. pp. 399 f., from VIII 11813: C. Sextius 
 
 Martialis p[roc] Aug. inter manc(ipes) XL Galliarum et 
 
 negotiantis. 
 
 69 No. 42. 
 
 70 Cf . Rostowzew, op. cit. p. 402. 
 
 71 No. 49. 
 
 72 V 7547 : L. Caninio P. f . Valenti procuratori IIII publicor. Af ricae 
 ; cf. Rostowzew, op. cit. p. 403 n. 150. 
 
 73 VI 8588. He is shown to have been dependent on the emperor 
 by Fronto Ad Mar cum V 34 p. 86 ed. Naber : cum ratio eius a domino 
 nostro patre tuo tractabitur. 
 
 74 No. 5. 
 
 75 Suet. Aug. 49. 
 
 76 Vit. Had. 7. 5 : statum cursum fiscalem instituit ne magistratus hoc 
 onere gravarentur. These words are not to be closely connected with 
 those which precede, as though Hadrian were seeking by transference 
 of the expense of the cursus publicus to the fiscus to win over the chief 
 men of the Romans (cf. Schurz, p. 19). But rather cursus fiscalis 
 (used by Spartianus from the usage of his time) = vehicularius 
 cursus, Vit. Pii 12 = vehicularium munus, Vit. Sev. 14. The emphasis 
 is to be placed on statum which for this reason is written first. The 
 passage does not indicate that Hadrian took the burden from the 
 municipal magistrates and placed it upon the fiscus, as is thought by 
 some (cf. Seeck in PW IV 1848). Septimius Severus is to be credited 
 with this change, Vit. Sev. 14. 2 : cum se vellet commendare hominibus 
 vehicularium munus a privatis ad fiscum traduxit. I have adopted the 
 explanation of Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 192 and notes. There is no 
 evidence from inscriptions. 
 
 77 Under Trajan freedmen were in charge of the post. A father 
 and son, freedmen of Trajan, are mentioned in VI 8542: M. Ulpius 
 
 Aug. lib. Crescens ab vehiculis M. Ulpius Aug. lib. Saturninus 
 
 Alius a commentari(is) vehiculorum. The first was chief officer (cf. 
 a rationibus), the second, overseer of the office, or secretary. 
 
 78 No. 48. 
 
 79 No. 85. 
 
 80 Cf . Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 56, where he says, "Die fur ganze Provin- 
 zen bestellten Censusbeamten sind bis auf Hadrian ausnahmslos (hoch- 
 gestellte Senatoren," although we have one example of a knight as 
 censor of a province, certainly under Trajan, as Hirschfeld remarks, 
 /. c. n. 2. 
 
 81 No. 14. 
 
 82 No. 42. 
 
 83 No. 49. 
 
 84 Le conseil des empereurs d'Auguste a Diocletien, Paris, 1884, pp. 
 
 34i f- 
 
 85 Verw? p. 340 n. 2 ; cf . ib. p. 479. 
 
 86 Mommsen, St. R. II p. 989 and n. 3. 
 
 87 Cf . Rostowzew, Staatspacht pp. 435 f . ; Schulten in Hermes 29 
 (1894) pp. 204 f. ; Bruns-Gradenwitz, Fontes p. 382 n. 162, where 
 other literature is given. 
 
 74 
 
88 Cf. Rostowzew, I. c.j the literature is given in n. 218. 
 
 89 See notes under no. 93 above, where the literature is given. 
 
 90 Cf . Hirschf eld, Verw. 2 pp. 121 f ., p. 477 n. 3 ; Mommsen in 
 Hermes 15 (1880) p. 407. 
 
 91 C. Manlius Felix, no. 24. 
 
 92 T. Flavius Macer, no. 38 ; Tutilius Pudens, no. 94 ; Verridius 
 Bassus, no. 93. 
 
 93 Cf. Hirschf eld, Verw. 1 p. 169; Vaglieri in Dis. ep. Ill p. 606; 
 Rohden in PW I 517. 
 
 94 Frontin. De aq. §105: procuratorem eiusdem officii libertum 
 Caesaris. 
 
 95 Alypius appears under Domitian and Trajan. He is mentioned 
 in XV 7818, 7819; cf. 7289, 7295. As we see, these procurators often 
 remained a long time in office. 
 
 96 Cf. Hirschf eld, Verw. 2 p. 281. 
 
 97 No. 17. 
 
 98 Memmius Rufus, no. 15, and Silius Decianus, no. 16. 
 
 99 M. Petronius Sura, no. 51; Flavius Rufus, no. 88; Marcius Cyre- 
 nicus, no. 90; Trebellius Marinus, no. 91. 
 
 100 Under Otho, one as ab epistulis; under Vitellius, one as proc. 
 imp. a patrim. et her edit, et a libell.; under Domitian, two as ab 
 epistulis and one as a patrimonioj under Nerva, one as ab epistulis; 
 under Trajan, one each as ab epistulis, proc. Aug. a rationibus, proc. 
 Aug. a loricata, and three as proc. XX hered.; also one or more as 
 proc. aquarum, two as proc. a moneta. 
 
 101 Trajan's attitude toward freedmen is shown by Plin. Paneg. 88: 
 Plerique principes cum essent civium domini libertorum erant servi 
 - - - tu libertis tuis summum quidem honorem, sed tamquam libertis 
 habes abundeque sufficere iis credis, si probi et f rugi existimentur ; and 
 Tac. Hist. 1. 76 : Crescens Neronis libertus nam et hi malis temporibus 
 
 partem se rei publicae faciunt. 
 
 102 Yet in 124 a freedman, P. Aelius Trophimus, was procurator of 
 Crete (XIV 51), while Trajan had employed here a knight, Ti Iulius 
 Alexander, no. 36. This appears to be the only example of the kind. 
 
 103 E. g. the imperial post and the procuratura hereditatium. 
 
 104 As, for example, that of idiologus in Egypt. We know of one of 
 these officials for the reign of Trajan (no. 21a), but under Hadrian we 
 have the names of four (nos. 54, 56, 80, 81). 
 
 105 This tendency began even under Trajan, who employed a knight 
 as censor of Lower Germany (no. 14). 
 
 106 Cf. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 pp. 477 f. and p. 427. 
 
 107 Here are included nos. 1-14, 17-39 (including 21a), 43. Nos. 15 
 and 16 have been omitted because of the doubt as to their office. 
 
 108 Here are included nos. 23, 27, 32, 37-46, 48-58, 60-73, 75-78, 80- 
 84, 86-94, 96- It is impossible to tell whether no. 30 served under 
 Hadrian ; if he did, it was only for a few days at the most. It is 
 doubtful if no. 47 held a procuratorship. In nos. 61 and 74 the 
 identification is uncertain. It is not certain that no. 79 served under 
 Hadrian. The time of no. 85 is not fixed. The office and status of 
 
 75 
 
no. 95 are undecided. These, therefore, have been omitted in the 
 comparison. 
 
 109 Here are included nos. 40-42, 44-46, 48-58, 60-73, 75-78, 80-84, 86-94, 
 96. Besides those which are mentioned as doubtful in the preceding 
 note, no. 43 has been omitted here, for of course Clarus began ser- 
 vice under Trajan, since he was made praef. praet. in 119. 
 
 110 Here are included nos. 8, 11, 13, 14, 17-22 (including 21a), 24-39, 
 43. Since no. 23 was praefectus annonae before 107, it is doubtful 
 whether he began service under Trajan. He has therefore been 
 omitted here. No. 39 did not start as procurator under Trajan, but he 
 did begin service as an extraordinary military (commander in Egypt in 
 the last year of his reign, he has and for this reason been included. 
 
 ADDENDA 
 *[R]ufus 
 
 Rufus was procurator of Achaea in 98 or 99 (cf. Bourguet, De rebus 
 Delphicis 70). 
 
 Rufus 
 
 X 7587 (Sardinia) : . . . im. . . u . . . L. f. Quir. Rufo praef. coh., 
 subcuratori viae Aemiliae, trib. leg. XIII Gemin. et XV Vict., 
 proc. Plotinae Aug., proc. Caes. Hadriani ad ripam, pontine [i], IM 
 vir. i. d., qq. T. Cutius. 
 
 Rufus was procurator of Plotina, wife of Trajan, evidently toward the 
 end of the emperor's life. It is worthy of note that this office forms 
 a step in the equestrian career (cf. Mommsen's note on the inscrip- 
 tion). He then became procurator ad ripam under Hadrian, in this 
 capacity probably being connected with the department which looked 
 after the Tiber and its banks. 
 
 76 
 
INDEX OF NAMES 
 
 The numbers, where not otherwise indicated, refer to the list of 
 officials in Chapter I. A number in parenthesis attached to a name 
 denotes the official under whom the name is mentioned. 
 
 P. Aelius Trophimus, p. 75 
 
 L. Aelius Caesar, (82) 
 
 P. Aelius Trophimus, p. 75 
 
 Aemilius Iuncus, (89) 
 
 L. Aemilius Iuncus, (89) 
 
 . . . ]aenus or ... ] linus, 21a 
 
 T. Aquillius Proculus, (5) 
 
 (Attius) Suburanus, 9 
 
 Sex. Attius Suburanus, (9) 
 
 L. Aufidius Panthera, 74 
 
 C. Avidius Heliodorus, 55; pp. 38, 39 
 
 Avidius Quietus, (58) 
 
 L. Baebius Aurelius Iuncinus, 85 ; pp. 38. 41, 43 
 
 L. Baebius Iuncinus, 48; p. 43 
 
 Bassaeus Rufus, (7) 
 
 Bassus, 42; pp. 42, 43 
 
 Bassus, 63 
 
 P. Besius Betuinianus C. Marius Memmius Sabinus, 18; p. 42 (notes 
 65-6 
 
 Sex. Caecilius Crescens Volusianus, p. 73 
 
 Q. Caecilius Redditus, 35 
 
 Caelius Attianus (see P. Acilius Attianus) 
 
 Caelius Florus, 65 
 
 T. Caesernius Macedo, 3 
 
 Sex. Caesius Propertianus, p. 71. 
 
 Calpurnius Sabinus, 2 
 
 M. Calpurnius Seneca Fabius Turpio Sentinatianus, 53 
 
 C. Camurius Clemens, 34 
 
 Caninius Celer, (46) 
 
 L. Caninius Valens, p. 43 
 
 Carinus (see Earinus) 
 
 Catus Decianus, (4) 
 
 Celer, 46; p. 39 
 
 Civica Cerialis, (4) 
 
 Claudius Cerialis, (72) 
 
 Claudius Iulianus, 81 
 
 Claudius Iulianus, 87 
 
 Ti. Claudius Livianus, 10 
 
 Claudius Quintianus, 61 
 
 Ti. Claudius Secundinus L. Statius Macedo, p. 72 
 
 77 
 
Felix Claudius Vindex, 31 
 
 Sex. Cornelius Dexter, 71 
 
 C. Cornelius Gallus, (57) 
 
 Cn. Cornelius Pulcher, 25 
 
 Dionysius of Alexandria, pp. 39, 71 
 
 Dionysius Milesius, 44 
 
 Dioseurus, (12) 
 
 L. Domitius Rogatus, 82; p. 39 
 
 Earinus, 95 
 
 T. Eppius Latinus, 49; pp. 38, 42, 43 
 
 Eudaemon, 50; pp. 38, 39, 41 
 
 T. Flavius Constans, 84 
 
 T. Flavius Macer, 38; pp. 38, 44 (note 92) 
 
 T. Flavius Martialis, (8) 
 
 Flavius Philoxenus, 40 
 
 Flavius Rufus, 88; p. 44 (note 99) 
 
 Flavius Sulpicius Similis, (23) 
 
 T. Flavius Titianus, 60 
 
 Gavius Maximus, (75) 
 
 Gellius Bassus, 77 
 
 T. Haterius Nepos, 32; pp. 40, 41 
 
 Hesperus, 58 
 
 Ti. Iulius Alexander, 36; p. 75 
 
 Ti. Iulius Aquilinus, 22 
 
 C. Iulius Bassus Aemilianus, (8) 
 
 D. Iulius Capito, 33 
 
 C. Iulius Celsus, 86; p. 38 
 
 C. Iulius Demosthenes, 19 
 
 Iulius Fidus Aquila, 78 
 
 Iulius Fronto, 52 
 
 Iulius Fronto, (52) 
 
 Iulius Maximianus, 59 
 
 Iulius Pardalas, 56 
 
 C. Iulius Priscus Gallonius Q. Marcius Turbo Fronto Publicius 
 
 Severus, 39 
 Iulius Secundus, pp. 39, 71 
 Iulius Varianus, 70 
 
 L. Iulius Vestinus, 57; pp. 38, 39, 40 
 Iuncus, 89 
 
 C. Iunius Flavianus, (7) 
 Iuventius Celsus, (86) 
 . . . ] linus or ... ] aenus, 21a 
 L. Luscius Ocrea, (1) 
 
 M. Maenius Agrippa L. Tusidius Campester, 68 
 C. Maesius Tertius, 29 
 
 C. Manlius Felix, 24; pp. 42 (notes 65-6), 44 (note 91) 
 Marcius Cyrenicus, 90; p. 44 (note 99) 
 Q. Marcius Hermogenes, 76 
 Marcius Moesius, 54 
 Memmius (Memnius) Rufus, 15; p. 44 (note 98) 
 
 78 
 
(Mestrius) Plutarchus, 47 
 
 C. Minicius Italus, 4 
 
 Minicius Sanctus, 72 
 
 L. N'ovius Crispinus, (7) 
 
 L. Numerius Albanus, 64 
 
 Cn. Octavius Titinius Capito, 6; pp. 30, 71 
 
 Paconius Felix, 73 
 
 C. Petronius Celer, 83 
 
 M. Petronius Honoratus, (92) 
 
 M. Petronius Mamertinus, 75 
 
 Q. Petronius Modestus, 7 
 
 M. Petronius Sura, 51 ; p. 44 (note 99) 
 
 Plautius Caesianus, 69 
 
 C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus, (28) 
 
 Plutarchus {see Mestrius Plutarchus) 
 
 C. Pompeius Planta, 1 
 
 Pompeius Proculus, 13 
 
 Cn. Pompeius Proculus, (13) 
 
 Pompeius Severus, 62 
 
 L. Pompeius Vopiscus C. Arruntius Catillius Celer, (8) 
 
 A. Pomponius Augurinus T. Prifernius Paetus, 20 
 
 C. Pamponius Hyllus, 17; p. 44 
 
 T. Pontius Sabinus, 67 
 
 P. Postumius Acilianus, 11 
 
 P. Prifernius Paetus Memmius Apollinaris, 26; p. 42 (notes 65-6) 
 
 Q. Rammius Martialis, 27 
 
 M. Rutilius Lupus, 30 
 
 Q. Saenius Pompeianus, p. 43 
 
 L. Seius Avitus, 41 
 
 C. Septicius Clarus, 43 
 
 Silius Decianus, 16; p. 44 (note 98) 
 
 T. Statilius Maximus Severus, 80 
 
 M. Statius Priscus Licinius Italicus, 79 
 
 Suburanus, 9 
 
 C. Suetonius Tranquillus, 45 ; pp. 38, 39 
 
 C. Sulpicius Similis (Simius), 23 
 
 Teimocrates, (57) 
 
 C. Terentius Iunior, 21 
 
 Trebellius Marinus, 91 ; pp. 44 (note 99) 
 
 Tutilius Pudens, 94; pp. 44 (note 92), 72 
 
 Valerius Eudaemon, (50) 
 
 L. Valerius Proculus, 92; p. 72 
 
 Verridius Bassus, 93; pp. 44 (note 92), 72 
 
 M. Vettius Latro, 66 
 
 L. Vibius Lentulus, 8; pp. 40, 71 
 
 C. Vibius Maximus, 12 
 
 C. Vibius Salutaris, 5 ; p. 43 
 
 L. Villius Atilianus, 96 
 
 Virdius Gemellinus, 28 
 
 T. Visulanius Crescens, 14; p. 43 
 
 79 
 
INDEX OF OFFICES WITH LISTS OF OFFICIALS 
 
 The terms Aug(usti) and pro(vinciae) are omitted from all titles. 
 The numbers immediately following the names refer to the list in 
 Chap. I. 
 
 Ab epistulis Graecis, p. 39 
 Celer, 46, under Hadrian ; 
 
 Eudaemon, 50, under Hadrian ; 
 
 C. Avidius Heliodorus, 55, about 120-122 (? ') ; 
 
 L. Iulius Vestinus, 57, under Hadrian. 
 
 Ab epistulis Latinis, p. 39 
 Cn. Octavius Titinius Capito, 6, under Domitian, Nerva, and Trajan; 
 C. Suetonius Tranquillus, 45, (epistularum magister) 1 19-122; 
 L. Domitius Rogatus, 82, (sec'y of L. Aelius Caesar) 137-8. 
 
 Advocatus fisci, pp. 38, 40 f. 
 
 A libellis et censibus, p. 40 
 T. Haterius Nepos, 32, (a censibus a libellis) about 119; 
 
 C. Iulius Celsus, 86, under Pius. 
 
 A studiis, p. 40 
 
 L. Iulius Vestinus, 57, under Hadrian. 
 
 Censor, etc., p. 43 
 
 T. Visulanius Crescens, 14, (Germ, inf.) early under Trajan; 
 T. Haterius Nepos, 32, (censitor Brittonum) about 114; 
 
 D. Iulius Capito, 33, (c. civitatis Remorum foeder.) about 114; 
 Bassus, 42, (proc. ad censum agendum Ponto Bithyniae) early under 
 
 Hadrian ; 
 T. Eppius Latinus, 49, (proc. ad census accipiendos . . . ) under 
 
 Hadrian. 
 
 Consiliarius, pp. 43 f. 
 
 Curator frumenti comparandi in annonam urbis 
 
 T. Flavius Macer, 38, last of Trajan's reign. 
 
 Curator viae Lignariae triumphalis 
 
 C. Iulius Celsus, 86, last of Hadrian's reign. 
 
 Dilectator 
 C. Iulius Celsus, 86, (per Aquitanicae XI populos) last of Hadrian's 
 
 reign ; 
 L. Valerius Proculus, 92, (of Africa [ ?] ) under Pius. 
 
Epistrategus OPelusio 
 
 Bassus, 42, under Hadrian; 
 
 Paconius Felix, 73, 133. 
 
 Epistrategus septem nomorum et Arsinoetes (Heptanomis) 
 
 Felix Claudius Vindex, 31, between 114 and 117; 
 
 C. Camurius Clemens, 34, under Trajan; 
 
 Iulius Maximianus, 59, before 126-7; 
 
 Claudius Quintianus, 61, between 126 and 131 (about) ; 
 
 Bassus, 63, about 128; 
 
 Iulius Varianus, 70, 131 ; 
 
 Gellius Bassus, 77, 134-5- 
 
 Epistrategus Thebaidos 
 
 Calpurnius Sabinus, 2, between 97 and 99; 
 
 Pompeius Proculus, 13, 103; 
 
 Flavius Philoxenus, 40, about 118; 
 
 Bassus, 42, under Hadrian; 
 
 Iulius Fidus Aquila, 78, after 130 to 134. 
 
 Epistularum magister see ab epistulis 
 
 Idiologus 
 
 . . . aenus (or . . . linus), 21a, 105-6; 
 Marcius Moesius, 54, 120; 
 
 Iulius Pardalas, 56, 122-3 .' 
 
 T. Statilius Maximus Severus, 80, 136; 
 Claudius Iulianus, 81, 136-140. 
 
 Iuridicus Aegypti 
 
 Cn. Cornelius Pulcher, 25, last of Trajan's reign; 
 
 L. Baebius Iuncinus, 48, under Hadrian ; 
 
 Iulius Maximianus, 59, 139; 
 
 Sex. Cornelius Dexter, 71, first of Pius' reign. 
 
 Praefectus Aegypti 
 
 C. Pompeius Planta, 1, 97 (about) to Feb. 26, 99; 
 
 C. Minicius Italus, 4, 101-2 to Feb. 24, 103 ; 
 
 C. Vibius Maximus, 12, Aug. 30, 103 to Men. 26, 107; 
 
 C. Sulpicius Similis, 23, Mch. 26-Aug. 29, 107 to no; 
 
 M. Rutilius Lupus, 30, Mch., 114 to Jan. 5, 117; 
 
 Q. Rammius Martialis, 27, Aug. 11-28, 117 to Aug. 4, 119; 
 
 T. Haterius Nepos, 32, Feb. 18, 121 to April 13, 124; 
 
 T. Flavius Titianus, 60, Mch. 20, 126 to June 30, 132; 
 
 M. Petronius Mamertinus, 75, Nov. n, 133 to Feb. 13, 135; 
 
 C. Avidius Heliodorus, 55, Jan. 28, 138 to May 16, 141 ; 
 
 Valerius Eudaemon, under no. 92, 142 to 145-6 (about) ; 
 
 L. Valerius Proculus, 92, 145-6 to 147 (about) ; 
 
 M. Petronius Honoratus, under no. 92, after 147. 
 
 81 
 
Praefectus annonae 
 C. Minicius Italus, 4, before 101 ; 
 
 C. Sulpicius Similis, 23, before 107; 
 
 Claudius Iulianus, 87, under Hadrian; 
 
 L. Valerius Proculus, 92, 144. 
 
 Praefectus classis Alexandrinae 
 
 Q. Marcius Hermogenes, 76, 134; 
 
 L. Valerius Proculus, 92, last of Hadrian's reign. 
 
 Praefectus classis Britanniae 
 
 M. Maenius Agrippa, etc., 68, about 130 or after; 
 
 L. Aufidius Panthera, 74, last of Hadrian's reign (?). 
 
 Praefectus classis Germaniae 
 C. Manlius Felix, 24, between 103 and 114. 
 
 Praefectus classis Pannoniae 
 
 C. Manlius Felix, 24, between 103 and 114. 
 
 Praefectus classis Misenensis 
 
 Iulius Fronto, 52, 119 (?) to 129; 
 
 M. Calpurnius Seneca, etc., 53, 134. 
 
 Praefectus classis Ravennatis 
 L. Numerius Albanus, 64, 127; 
 
 M. Calpurnius Seneca, etc., 53, about 128 or 129. 
 
 Praefectus gentis Musulamiorum 
 
 T. Flavius Macer, 38, last of Trajan's reign 
 
 Praefectus praetorio 
 
 (Attius) Suburanus, 9, 98 and after; 
 
 Ti. Claudius Livianus, 10, 101 to 114 ( ?) ; 
 
 C. Sulpicius Similis, 23, last of Trajan's reign to 119; 
 
 P. Acilius Attianus, 37, " " " ', 
 
 Marcius Turbo, 39, 119 to 135 (?); 
 
 C. Septicius Clarus, 43, 119 to 122; 
 
 M. Petronius Mamertinus, 75, 139 to 143. 
 
 Praefectus vehiculorum, p. 43 
 L. Baebius Iuncinus, 48, first of Hadrian's reign; 
 
 L. Baebius Aurelius Iuncinus, 85, last of Hadrian's reign (?). 
 
 Praefectus vigilum 
 
 Cn. Octavius Titinius Capito, 6, before 103; 
 Q. Rammius Martialis, 27, 1 11 to 113; 
 
 T. Haterius Nepos, 32, about 120. 
 
 Procurator Achaeae 
 
 P. Postumius Acilianus, 11, first of Trajan's reign; 
 
 A. Pomponius Augurinus, etc., 20, between 103 and 114; 
 (Mestrius) Plutarchus, 47, (?) under Hadrian. 
 
 82 
 
Procurator ad annonam Ostis 
 
 L. Baebius Aurelius Iuncinus, 85, last of Hadrian's reign. 
 
 Procurator ad censum agendum, etc., see censor 
 Procurator ad census accipiendos, see censor 
 
 Procurator ad dioecesin Alexandreae 
 
 Eudaemon, 50, under Hadrian. 
 
 Procurator ad Miniciam 
 
 C. Camurius Clemens, 34, under Trajan. 
 
 Procurator a loricata 
 
 L. Vibius Lentulus, 8, before 114. 
 
 Procurator Alpium Maritumarum (governor) 
 
 L. Valerius Proculus, 92, last of Hadrian's reign. 
 
 Procurator aquarum, p. 44 
 
 Memmius Rufus, 15 (?) after 103, under Trajan; 
 
 Silius Decianus, 16, (?) " ; 
 
 C. Pomponius Hyllus, 17, " " " " ; 
 
 M. Petronius Sura, 51, under Hadrian; 
 
 Flavius Rufus, 88, " " ; 
 
 Marcius Cyrenicus, 90, ; 
 
 Trebellius Marinus, 91, 
 
 Procurator a rationibus, p. 40 
 
 L. Vibius Lentulus, 8, before 114. 
 
 Procurator Armeniae maioris 
 
 T. Haterius Nepos, 32, between 114 and 117. 
 
 Procurator Asiae 
 
 C. Minicius Italus, 4, under Domitian.; 
 
 L. Vibius Lentulus, 8, first of Trajan's reign; 
 
 Ti. Iulius Alexander, 36, under Trajan; 
 
 Eudaemon, 50, under Hadrian ; 
 
 Hesperus, 58, 122-3 ; 
 
 Pompeius Severus, 62, 127; 
 
 Iuncus, 89, between 131 and 138; 
 
 L. Valerius Proculus, 92, under Hadrian or Pius ; 
 
 Sex. Cornelius Dexter, 71, first of Pius' reign. 
 
 Procurator Asturiae et Callaeciae 
 
 Q. Petronius Modestus, 7, under Nerva or Trajan; 
 
 D. Iulius Capito, 33, between 114 and 116. 
 
 Procurator Baeticae 
 
 P. Besius Betuinianus, etc., 18, between 103 and 114; 
 L. Valerius Proculus, 92, under Hadrian or Pius. 
 
Procurator bibliothecarum 
 
 Eudaemon, 50, under Hadrian ; 
 
 L. Iulius Vestinus, 57, under Hadrian ; 
 
 L. Baebius Aurelius Iuncinus, 85, last of Hadrian's reign. 
 
 Procurator Bithyniae 
 
 Virdius Gemellinus, 28, between 111 and 113. 
 
 Procurator Britanniae 
 
 M. Maenius Agrippa, etc., 68, last of Hadrian's reign. 
 
 Procurator Cappadociae 
 
 L. Valerius Proculus, 92, under Hadrian or Pius. 
 
 Procurator Ciliciae 
 
 P. Postumius Acilianus, n, before 103. 
 
 Procurator Cretae 
 
 Ti. Iulius Alexander, 36, under Trajan. 
 
 Procurator Daciae inferioris (semi-independent governor) 
 
 Plautius Caesianus, 69, 129; 
 
 T. Flavius Constans, 84, 137-8; 
 
 Iulius Fidus Aquila, 78, 140. 
 
 Procurator Dalmatiae 
 
 L. Domitius Rogatus, 82, first of Pius' reign. 
 
 Procurator Epiri (governor) 
 
 Cn. Cornelius Pulcher, 25, between 103 and 114. 
 
 Procurator epistrategiae septem, etc., see epistrategus, etc., 
 Procurator Hellespont! (governor) 
 
 C. Minicius Italus, 4, under Domitian. 
 
 Procurator hereditatium, p. 41 
 
 T. Haterius Nepos, 32, about 118; 
 
 Eudaemon, 50, under Hadrian ; 
 
 L. Baebius Aurelius Iuncinus, 85, under Pius( probably). 
 
 Procurator Iudaeae (governor) 
 
 Bassus, 42, under Hadrian. 
 
 Procurator ludi magni 
 
 T. Haterius Nepos, 32, about 117. 
 
 Procurator Lugdunensis et Aquitanicae 
 
 C. Minicius Italus, 4, (also of Lactora) under Domitian; 
 C. Iulius Celsus, 86, under Pius. 
 
 Procurator Lusitaniae 
 
 P. Prifernius Paetus, etc., 26, about no (?); 
 M. Calpurnius Seneca, etc., 53, about 127 or 128. 
 
'Procurator Lyciae et Pamphyliae 
 
 C. Pompeius Planta, i, under Vespasian ; 
 
 Eudaemon, 50, (also of Galatia, etc.) under Hadrian; 
 Caelius Florus, 65, 127-8. 
 
 Procurator marmorum 
 
 Minicius Sanctus, 72, 132. 
 
 Procurator Mauretaniae Caesariensis (governor) 
 
 T. Caesernius Macedo, 3, 107; 
 
 Marcius Turbo, 39, 117; 
 
 L. Seius Avitus, 41, 118; 
 
 M. Vettius Latro, 66, 128; 
 
 C. Petronius Celer, 83, 137. 
 
 Procurator monetae 
 
 L. Vibius Lentulus, 8, before 103, under Trajan; 
 
 P. Besius Betuinianus, etc., 18, between 103 and 114; 
 L. Domitius Rogatus, 82, last of Hadrian's reign and under 
 
 Pius. 
 
 Procurator Narbonensis 
 
 C. Terentius Iunior, 21, early under Trajan ; 
 
 T. Pontius Sabinus, 67, middle of Hadrian's reign. 
 
 Procurator Neaspoleos et Mausolei 
 
 Sex. Cornelius Dexter, 71, last of Hadrian's reign ; 
 
 C. Iulius Celsus, 86, under Hadrian or Pius. 
 
 Procurator Norici (governor) 
 
 P. Prifernius Paetus, etc., 26, last of Trajan's reign; 
 
 Q. Caecilius Redditus, 35, under Trajan; 
 
 Plautius Caesianus, 69, under Hadrian, probably. 
 
 Procurator Pannoniae et Dalmatiae 
 
 T. Caesernius Macedo, 3, under Domitian ; 
 
 L. Vibius Lentulus, 8, early under Trajan. 
 
 Procurator patrimoni, p. 41 
 
 Cn. Octavius Titinius Capito, 6, (proc. a patrimonio) 
 
 under Domitian; 
 C. Iulius Celsus, 86, under Pius. 
 
 Procurator Ponti et Bithyniae 
 
 Cn. Pompeius Proculus, under no. 13, time doubtful ; 
 Virdius Gemellimus, 28, (Bithynia) between in and H3- 
 
 Procurator praedioruim saltuum Hipponensis et Thevestini 
 
 T. Flavius Macer, 38, first of Hadrian's reign. 
 
 Procurator pro legato Mauretaniae Tingitanae (governor) 
 
 P. Besius Betuinianus, etc., 18, between 103 and 114. 
 
 85 
 
'Procurator praefectus Sardiniae (governor) 
 
 L. Baebius Aurelius Iuncinus, 85, under Pius, probably. 
 
 Procurator XXXX Galliarum, p. 42 
 
 Bassus, 42, first of Hadrian's reign. 
 
 Procurator IIII publicorum Africae, pp. 42 f. 
 
 T. Eppius Latinus, 49, under Hadrian. 
 
 Procurator Raetiae, (governor) 
 
 Ti. Iulius Aquilinus, 22, 107. 
 
 Procurator regionis Chersonesae, p. 44 
 
 C. Manlius Felix, 24, between 103 and 114. 
 
 Procurator Siciliae 
 
 C. Iulius Demosthenes, 19, between 103 and 114; 
 
 P. Prifernius Paetus, etc, 26, about 109 ( ?) ; 
 
 T. Flavius Macer, 38, first of Hadrian's reign. 
 
 Procurator Syriae 
 
 Eudaemon, 50, under Hadrian; 
 
 Aemilius Iuncus, under no. 89, under Hadrian, perhaps. 
 
 Procurator Thraciae 
 
 P. Prifernius Paetus, etc., 26, last of Trajan's reign. 
 
 Procurator tractus Karthaginiensis, p. 44 
 
 Tutilius Pudens, 94, under Hadrian ; 
 
 Verridius Bassus, 93, " ; 
 
 Earinus, 95, (office doubtful) " 
 
 Procurator trium Galliarum 
 
 L. Valerius Proculus, 92, under Pius. 
 
 Procurator XX hereditatium, p. 42 
 
 P. Besius Betuinianus, etc., 18, between 103 and 114; 
 C. Manlius Felix, 24, before 114; 
 
 P. Prifernius Paetus, etc., 26, last of Trajan's reign; 
 C. Iulius Celsus, 86, (in Narbonensis and Aquitanica) 
 
 under Hadrian or Pius ; 
 C. Iulius Celsus, 86, (at Rome) under Hadrian or Pius ; 
 M. Statius Priscus, etc., 79 (in Norbonensis and Aquitania) 
 
 last of Hadrian's reign or under 
 
 Pius. 
 
 Promagister frumenti mancipalis 
 
 C. Vibius Salutaris, 5, before Trajan. 
 
 Promagister portuum Siciliae, p. 43 
 
 C. Vibius Salutaris, 5, before Trajan. 
 
 86 
 
Subpraefectus vigilum 
 
 €. Maesius Tertius, 29, 113. 
 
 Subprocurator Belgicae 
 
 C. Vibius Salutaris, 5, before 103. 
 
 Subprocurator Mauretaniae Tingitanae 
 
 C. Vibius Salutaris, 5, before 103. 
 
 87 
 
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