,/ %*^y 
 
 
 \**?!f?V* V^fl?^* \/>lS^/ \l* 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
AN 
 
 ETYMOLOGICAL 
 
 DICTIONARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 LATIN LANGUAGE. 
 
 by the Rev. F. E. J. VaLPY, A.M. 
 
 M 
 OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, AND ONE OF THE MASTERS OF 
 READING SCHOOL. 
 
 " Etymologia vi nominis ervfia, hoc est, vera promittit. Quam 
 grande hoc et quam magnificum !" 
 
 Wachter. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 PRINTED BY A. J. VALPY, 
 RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. 
 
 SOLD BY BALDWIN AND CO.; LONGMAN AND CO.; AND 
 G. B. WHITTAKER. 
 
 1828. 
 

 Price 13s. 6d. boards. 
 
PREFAC E. 
 
 1 hat the Latin language is intimately connected with the Greek, 
 is manifest. Whoever compares the prepositions Ex, Pro, Ab, 
 In with 'E%, npQy'Avy'Ev, — the numbers Duo, Tres, Tria, Sex, 
 Septem, Octo, Decern with Juo, Tpei$, Tplct, A E%, 'E^ra, 'Ojctco, 
 Aexct, — the pronouns Ego, Me, Tu, Te, with 'Eyco,Me, the iEolic 
 Tv and Te, — the nouns of daily occurrence Pater, Mater, Sus, Bos, 
 Domus, Ovis, Ovum, Pes, Aer, Genu, Ambo with TIutyjp, the 
 iEolic Mctxr^g and 2v$, the iEolic Ba>$, Ao^og/'O'ig^flov, Lloug, 'Ayg, 
 row/'ApipoQ, — the verbs v Edo, Eo, Est, Neo, No, Sto, Do with 
 "Ely», "Eco, 'E<rn, New, Naca Na>, Xrixoo Xrco, Aoca Aob, — the ter- 
 minations in amO, musA and the old Latin salvOS with 7rpa<r<r{l, 
 uxavQA and qlxOX, — must be convinced of the truth of the asser- 
 tion. 
 
 But of what kind is this connexion 1 Is it that of mother and 
 daughter, or of sister and sister ? If it is of the former kind, then it is 
 sufficient for the Etymologist to trace a Latin to a Greek word. 
 If of the latter, he has gained but little by so doing, but must 
 goon to some other language which produced both. The question 
 then is of essential importance to the Etymologist. 
 
 Let us try the words Domus and Aopoe. Can we carry Domus 
 any further back in Latin ? — No. But we can carry Ao\loc further 
 back in Greek, and can refer it to Aepuj, to build, whose perfect 
 middle is Je'Sojcta. We may go perhaps further, and refer Ak\Lo> 
 itself to Aeco, to bind, to bind together : the perfect passive of 
 which is AeBepati, whence is the word Aspu. The Latin word Do- 
 mus therefore is allied to the Greek language not as a sister, but 
 as a daughter. Thus also Argentum can be traced no further in 
 Latin. But in Greek is .'Apyog, white ; and 'Agyysic, genitive 'Ag- 
 yysVTOs, 'ApyYiVTog, white. Tremo is from Tgspw, and Tpepoo from 
 Tpsoo, Terpspai. So Pom pa is from ffopnj, this from Ils^Trco, 
 Uk-K0\vKOL. Tragicus is from Tpayixog, this from Tpuyoc. Poema 
 is from 27onjj«.a, this from TLoibw, nevolrifiui. In Latin we have no 
 Demo, or Argeis in the sense of white, or Treo, or Pempo, or 
 Tragus in the sense of a goat, or Poieo. Therefore the Latin is 
 not a sister of the Greek, but proceeds from it, as a daughter from 
 a mother. And the Latin Etymologist is justified in tracing a 
 Latin to a Greek word — I speak not of later Greek — and there 
 leaving it, thinking that it then becomes the province of the Greek 
 
IV PREFACE. 
 
 Etymologist to trace it further back in the Greek or to carry it 
 on to some other language. Had Vossius been thus satisfied, from 
 how many absurdities had his great work been free ! 
 
 But some words must be noticed which seem to be a set off 
 against us. Do is a Latin word — Aw is not found in Greek, and 
 yet the word Aw<rco is : Jcocrco therefore must be referred to the 
 Latin Do. — Not so : for, as nXripuxrcQ is from TIXvj^ow, so Awo-co 
 must be from a verb Aow, the contracted and therefore not primary 
 form, of which is Au>, Do. The fact is, that the Latin language 
 was an early product from the Greek, and therefore adopted forms 
 which were early in use in that language, but afterwards fell into 
 disuse, Aoco, Acb, fell into disuse, and Atic/opi and Aotkw were used 
 instead of it. In fact the old word Jow belonged to a class of Greek 
 words Aaco, Asa), Atco, Am, Avoo, which signified separation and 
 division, and Aoco signified to give, from the idea of distributing. 
 " Distributing to the necessities of saints," is an expression in our 
 Bibles : and the Latin Partior and Impertior are from Pars, Partis. 
 So again Tueor is to be referred to a word which produced lYru<rft«j 
 — to a word Tvw, which belonged to a class of Greek words Totoo, 
 Tsui, Tioo, Too), Tvoo, which meant to stretch forth or extend. The 
 Reader will remember a passage in Virgil, which combines the 
 meanings of Tueor and Tnwxco : " Oculos pariter telumque te- 
 tendit." The verb Suo exists in Latin. But that 26oo once 
 existed in Greek, is clear from the verb Kot<ra-6co, that is, Kcnct<rvu>, 
 and by Kuttv^chtix. which is nothing but K<xtol<t6^oltol, formed from 
 Ku<r(r6a), KciTTvu). The verb Alo also may be traced to a class of 
 words which existed in Greek. 'AXivdsoo, to roll, *A\ltyo, to collect, 
 'EAjWco, 'E\s\i&, to roll, v A»yJ, a whirl, bear testimony to a class 
 of words "AX®, "EXw," iKon, to roll. So "OAco, to roll, is seen in 
 "OKKv^i, to ruin. Tacitus uses Volvo in a similar sense : " For- 
 tunis provolvebantur." Alo then is nothing but a Greek verb 
 H A\u), which signified to roll, to conglomerate by rolling, to collect, 
 to increase, to make thick or large or solid or stout, and so to 
 fatten and nourish. The Greek language supplies us with a root: 
 not so the Latin. For a similar illustration of the Latin verb Meo 
 the Reader is referred to page 258 of this volume. 
 
 We may now, it is hoped, be warranted in believing that the 
 Greek is not the sister, but the parent of the Latin. Nevertheless, 
 the writer has not chosen to avail himself exclusively of this opi- 
 nion, but has frequently added to a Greek word analogous words 
 in other languages. He is aware that some learned men contend 
 that the Latin is to be traced not to the Greek but to the Northern 
 languages. Yet it is satisfactory to know that the great German 
 Etymologist, VVachler, though he refers his language, as much as 
 was in his power, to a northern origin, is frequently obliged to 
 
PREFACE. V 
 
 abandon his attempts and to leave German words with the Greeks 
 and the Latins. With regard to the Cornish and Armoric lan- 
 guages the learned Welsh linguist Lhuyd observes : "The Damno- 
 nian and other southern Britons, being on occount of their situa- 
 tion earlier conquered, and consequently more conversant with the 
 Romans than we of Wales, it is not to be admired if several Latin 
 words occur in the Cornish and Armoric dialects not owned by us." 
 Indeed we may often detect a derivation from the Latin from the 
 nature of the word. Thus the Armoric Pirgrin and Relizhon must 
 be corruptions of Peregrinus and Religionis, the Cornish Paun 
 of Pavonis, and the German Ente of Anatis — and not vice vers&. 
 So the Northern Recht, Richt, Right, are from the Latin Rectus, 
 and not vice versa. 
 
 But it will be said that there are numerous words which we 
 cannot show to be taken from the Greeks. Doubtless it is so, 
 although the number of such words is constantly decreasing. When 
 Vossius published his Etymology, he was ignorant that Pruina 
 was nothing but Upmvy\. So it was with numerous other words. 
 And future generations will probably supply from the Greek sound 
 derivations of words, which to this time have been investigated in 
 vain. 
 
 Such words we have, as far as we have been able, traced on the 
 one hand to the Northern, on the other to the Oriental languages. 
 Not that these sources have been exhausted : much doubtless 
 might have been added, but it is hoped that not a few valuable 
 analogies have been here collected, and that on the whole the 
 claims of the Northern and Eastern languages have received a 
 patient and an attentive hearing. 
 
 One word in regard to the Hebrew. Mr. Home Tooke thus 
 expresses his objection to the derivation of Latin from that l*an- 
 guage. " It is a most erroneous practice," he says, " of the 
 Latin Etymologists to fly to the Hebrew for whatever they cannot 
 find in the Greek : — for the Romans were not a mixed colony of 
 Greeks and Jews, but of Greeks and Goths, as the whole of the 
 Latin language most plainly evinces." This seems a reasonable 
 proposition : yet I have not omitted to indulge the fancy of those 
 who are not persuaded by it. 
 
 Mr. Tate is of opinion that the Latin language came in great 
 measure from the Sanskrit. Dr. Jones too carries us to the 
 Indians. The note on Latus, borne, supplies the Reader with an 
 instance of this kind. Barrus and other words will be found traced 
 to an Indian source. Mr. Tate cites the following passage from 
 Sir William Jones : " The first race of Persians and Indians, to 
 whom we may add the Romans and Greeks, the Goths and the 
 old Egyptians or Ethiops, originally spoke the same language. 
 
VI 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The Jews and Arabs, the Assyrians or second Persian race, the 
 people who spoke Syriac, and a numerous tribe of Abyssinians, 
 used one primitive dialect wholly distinct from it." I have se- 
 lected the following Sanskrit analogies from the 26th Number of 
 the Edinburgh Review : 
 
 Latin 
 
 Sanskrit 
 
 Latin 
 
 Sanskrit 
 
 <BS 
 
 — 
 
 ay as 
 
 
 navis 
 
 — 
 
 nav, (Pers. nauh) 
 
 anser 
 
 — 
 
 hansa 
 
 
 nomen 
 
 — 
 
 nam (S. and Pers.) 
 
 helium 
 
 — 
 
 vala (force, vio- 
 
 novem 
 
 — 
 
 nova 
 
 
 
 lence, an army) 
 
 novus 
 
 — 
 
 nava 
 
 dens, dentis 
 
 — 
 
 dunta 
 
 
 pater 
 
 — 
 
 pitnra 
 
 Deus 
 
 — 
 
 deva 
 
 
 pes, pedis 
 
 — 
 
 pada 
 
 dies 
 
 — 
 
 divos 
 
 
 potis 
 
 — 
 
 poti (lord or mas- 
 
 femina 
 
 — 
 
 vamini 
 
 
 
 
 ter) 
 
 /rater 
 
 ■ — 
 
 bhratara 
 
 
 pralium 
 
 — 
 
 pralaya 
 
 genu 
 
 — 
 
 janu 
 
 
 quatuor 
 
 — 
 
 chatur 
 
 genus 
 
 — 
 
 gana 
 
 
 rex, regis 
 
 — 
 
 raja 
 
 humus 
 
 — 
 
 bhumi 
 
 
 ritus 
 
 — 
 
 riti 
 
 idem 
 
 ■ — 
 
 idem 
 
 
 rota 
 
 — 
 
 ratha (a carriage) 
 
 ignis 
 
 — 
 
 agni 
 
 
 septem 
 
 — 
 
 sapta 
 
 ita 
 
 — 
 
 iti 
 
 
 sine 
 
 — 
 
 hina 
 
 jugum 
 
 — 
 
 yugum 
 
 
 sop-ire 
 
 — 
 
 swop- turn 
 
 Juno 
 
 ■ — 
 
 janoni (a mother : 
 
 suavis 
 
 — 
 
 suadu 
 
 " the manifest ori»in of the Latin 
 
 sunt 
 
 — 
 
 santi 
 
 appellat 
 
 Lon of the mother 
 
 of the 
 
 sunto 
 
 — 
 
 sunto 
 
 Gods.'^ 
 
 
 
 
 tepor 
 
 — 
 
 tapa (and tapitum 
 
 juvenis 
 
 — 
 
 yuva 
 
 
 
 
 to warm) 
 
 lux, lucis 
 
 — 
 
 loch (shine) 
 
 
 terra 
 
 — 
 
 dhara 
 
 malus 
 
 — 
 
 mala (dirty, 
 
 sordid) 
 
 valeo 
 
 — 
 
 vala (strength) 
 
 mater 
 
 — 
 
 matara 
 
 
 nates 
 
 — 
 
 vadi 
 
 medius 
 
 . — 
 
 madhya 
 
 
 veh-ere 
 
 — 
 
 vah-itum 
 
 met- ere 
 
 — 
 
 me-tum 
 
 
 vert- ere 
 
 — 
 
 vnrt-itum 
 
 tnemini 
 
 — 
 
 man 
 
 
 vidua 
 
 — 
 
 vidhava 
 
 mei-iri 
 
 — 
 
 met-tum 
 
 
 vir 
 
 — 
 
 vir 
 
 modus 
 
 — 
 
 moto 
 
 
 uncus 
 
 — 
 
 ancus 
 
 mor-i 
 
 . — ■ 
 
 mor-tum 
 
 (Pers. 
 
 vom-ere 
 
 — 
 
 vom-itum 
 
 
 
 mor-den) 
 
 
 vox, vocis 
 
 — 
 
 vac (S. and Pers.) 
 
 musca 
 
 — 
 
 tnacsha 
 
 
 uterus 
 
 — 
 
 udar. 
 
 Notwithstanding the analogy we have pointed out between the 
 Latin and the Greek, so different are these languages, that, if we 
 take at random a certain number of Latin words, we shall find 
 but few of them correspond in sound to the Greek. A great 
 reason is that the Latins formed new words from those which 
 they introduced from Greece. Thus Visio has no alliance in sound 
 with "O^l/ig, nor Visum with "Opufia. or 4>a><rfux, nor Invideo with 
 <PQoveao : and yet Visio, Visum, Invideo are all from the Greek 
 E'ilui, through the Latin Video, So the modern Greeks express a 
 chain by ^ouyj, a word which was unknown to their ancestors, but 
 derived from '(ooo, Zwwvfu Another reason is that the Latins derived 
 their language from the lEol'ic tribes, which had words peculiar 
 
PREFACE. Vll 
 
 to themselves, and unknown to the Ionic and Attic races. Lastly, 
 derivative languages apply words in a manner unknown to the early 
 writers in the primary language. Thus the French express the head 
 by Tete, or as it was anciently Teste, formed from Testa, a shell, 
 and so the shell of the head. " Mea testa "for " my head" would 
 have been thought a singular expression by Cicero. 
 
 From the analogy which exists between the Latin and the Greek 
 in words of the most common use, we may be disposed to give at- 
 tention to some derivations which appear at first sight strained and 
 unnatural. We shall allow something for changes which take 
 place at the breaking up of an old language, and at the formation 
 of a new one out of it — for changes which are forced on a people 
 by harmony of sound and by a different pronunciation of the same 
 letters — for changes too which must often depend on the mere 
 whim and caprice of individuals. Forma was softer than Morfa, 
 and therefore took its place. Canis was pronounced for Ciinis, 
 and Calix for Culix, doubtless because they were softer to a 
 Roman ear. 
 
 The terminations of Latin words have not been here generally 
 pursued. Partially they have been, as the Reader will find on Pte, 
 on Quispiam, on Quisquam. I have generally been satisfied to 
 cite palpable instances of similar termination. Indeed a complete 
 analysis of the terminations of the language, — to suppose the pos- 
 sibility of such a thing, — would demand a separate volume. 
 
 It is necessary to state that the Reader will not find here all the 
 words of the Latin language. Festus, the ancient Glosses and 
 Inscriptions, and the Fragments of Ennius, Titinnius and others 
 supply words which are not found elsewhere, and which I have 
 therefore not been anxious to trace. There are also barbarous 
 words in the works of such late writers as Vegetius, which I have 
 designedly passed over. The names of men and places I have 
 almost totally neglected, as thinking that the investigation of them 
 will in general afford to the inquirer nothing but failure and dis- 
 appointment. The mere technical words from the Greek have 
 not been inserted. Pliny is full of them. Of what use would it 
 be to transplant them here ? There are also numerous words 
 which have occasioned much conjecture and dispute, especially in 
 Petroniiis and Apuleius. Where one word has been exchanged 
 for a dozen, according to the caprice of each succeeding editor, 
 what would be the profit to fill these pages with the long and te- 
 dious inquiries, which have been made respecting it? 
 
 I must acknowlege my obligations to Mr. Haigh for some va- 
 luable conjectures in his little work, called " Conjugata Latina." 
 To the labors also of my learned friend James Bailey I am in- 
 debted for some conjectures, as well as for his edition of the 
 
Vlll PREFACE. 
 
 Dictionary of the indefatigable Forcellini, whose system of ortho- 
 graphy has been here usually followed. Wachter's German Lex- 
 icon has been attentively consulted. The Reader will bear in 
 mind that many of the words attributed by him to the German are 
 now obsolete in that language. 
 
 I have collected at the end such derivations as appeared the 
 most dubious. I thought it advisable not to omit the words entirely, 
 in order that the Reader might have an opportunity of knowing 
 what has been conjectured respecting them by the best Etymolo- 
 gists, and that he might in some cases, perhaps, be led on by the 
 hints which are given to the developement of their true origin. 
 Some words have been left without any derivation. These omis- 
 sions have been forced upon the writer either by the total silence 
 of Etymologists on their origin, or by the absolute nullity of the 
 opinions they have advanced concerning them. 
 
 The author is well aware of the extent and difficulty of his un- 
 dertaking, and he trusts that the Reader will visit his errors of 
 omission and commission not with the unrelenting severity of a 
 censor, but with the kind indulgence of a patron and a friend. 
 He will receive with feelings of sincere gratitude any suggestions 
 towards the improvement of his work, and humbly begs to re- 
 mind the Reader of the advice of the Latin Poet : 
 
 Si quid novisti rectius istis, 
 
 Candidus imperti: si non, his utere mecum. 
 
 Lastly, he would adopt the language of a writer, who has him- 
 self labored in the field of Etymology : " That such a work is 
 useful will perhaps be more readily admitted than that it has been 
 usefully executed ; but he, that has labored long in attempting to 
 remove the obstructions to science, is not willing to add despon- 
 dence to his difficulties, and to believe that he has labored in vain." 
 
 To the Abbreviations prefixed to the beginning of this Work it is necessary to add 
 
 the following : 
 Dn. is J. Donnegan in his Greek Lexicon. 
 
 F. is JE. Forcellini in his Lexicon Totius Latinitatis, lately published by Priestley. 
 Tt. is W. Turton in his Medical Glossary. 
 V. is G. J. Vossius in his Etymologicon Linguae Latin». 
 W. is J. G. Wachter in his Glossariurn Germanicum. 
 
 The first syllable of the genitive of Fur is erroneously stated in some passages of 
 this work to be short. The reader is requested to correct this mistake. 
 
 Vices has been referred to atyes, waves, which convey the idea of succession and 
 reciprocation. 
 
ETYMOLOGY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE LATIN LANGUAGE. 
 
 Al. is Ut alii putant. — Fr. is From, 
 pp. is"perfect passive. 
 
 A, short for ab. As E for 
 Ex. 
 
 A b, from, by, &c. From 
 
 «7T0, «7T*. 
 
 Abacus, a table, desk, tablet, 
 &c. Fr. «j3*f , a/3axoj. 
 
 Abdvus, a great grandfather's 
 father. Fr. awws. A6 expres- 
 ses remoteness from. 
 
 Abbas, an abbot. Fr. «/3/3«, 
 father; a Hebrew and Syriac 
 word. 
 
 Abdico, 1 refuse, renounce, 
 reject. J.6 contradicts. 1 am 
 very far from saying, I do 
 the reverse from saying, ou $>jju,*. 
 So Aborior. 
 
 Abdico, avi, I discard, re- 
 nounce, disinherit. Fr. dico, 1 
 say. Thus the Greeks say onret- 
 voto-Qcti 7rai8a. But I in Dico, 
 Dixi, is long ? Yet it is short in 
 Praedico, avi, Indico, avi, Dicax, 
 Maledicus. And we have Edu- 
 co, as, from Duco, is. ^f Al. 
 from dico, as. I give away (ab) 
 Etym, 
 
 from myself to another. And, I 
 give away from one person to 
 another. 
 
 Abdo, I hide. That is, I put 
 away from view. Do in its 
 compounds is often to put or 
 place, as in Condo, Subdo. For 
 1 give or consign to a place what 
 I put in it. 
 
 Abdomen, the abdomen. 
 " Qu6d abdi et tegi solet. Aut 
 quod alimenta in eo abduntur. 
 Aut quod intestina ibi sunt ab- 
 dita." F. f •'■ From Arab, ab- 
 domen : from ab, a nourisher or 
 container, and domett, the fa?ces." 
 Tt. 
 
 Abeceddria, the alphabet. 
 From a be ce de. 
 
 Abhorreo, I abhor. That is, 
 I go from (prae horrore) in hor- 
 ror. 
 
 Abiegnus, made of fir. Fr. 
 abies. Gnus is from the Greek 
 
 — yovog. 
 
 Abies : See Appendix. 
 Abiga, the herb groundpine. 
 
ABI 
 
 ABS 
 
 Pliny : " Vim partus abigendi 
 habet, unde nomen." 
 
 Ablsis, you may go. Abi si 
 vis. 
 
 Abjudico, 1 judge a thing 
 away from any one, 1 take away 
 by sentence ; I take away. 
 
 Abjuro, 1 swear falsely. Ah 
 contradicts, as in Abdico. I 
 swear that is not which is. 
 
 Abldqueo, I dig about or bare 
 the roots of trees, remove the 
 useless roots. For ablacuo fr. 
 lacus, dat. lacui, fr. Aa'xoj, a 
 ditch. Compare Lacus and 
 Laquear. That is, I make a ditch 
 about a tree to cut off roots 
 from it. 
 
 Ablecicz cedes, houses neglect- 
 ed or abandoned, and so fetching 
 no price. Fr. ablego, I do the 
 contrary of choosing. See Ab- 
 dico. 
 
 Ablegmina, um, parts of en- 
 trails sacrificed to the Gods. Fr. 
 ablego, as Tego, Tegmina. As 
 neglected or abandoned. 
 
 Ablego, I send away, remove 
 out of the way. From lego, I 
 send. 
 
 Abludo. Horace: " Heec a 
 te non multum abludit imago." 
 This description has much allu- 
 sion to you. Abludo is opposed 
 to Adludo or Alludo, which 
 see. 
 
 Abnuo, I refuse or deny by 
 a nod. See nuo. Ab, as in 
 Abdico. 
 
 Aboleo, I destroy, obliterate. 
 Fr. oho, I grow. That is, I 
 make not to grow, I cause to 
 fade. So Aborior. % Or fr. 
 
 Abolla, a military robe. Fr. 
 
 «vajSoA.^, a covering, whence dvci- 
 
 Abominor, I send away as 
 being of a bad omen. I depre- 
 cate, execrate. Fr. omen, iiris. 
 Euripides has * AnoiikpTtop.ou %v- 
 vv^ov otyiv. 
 
 Aborigines, the original inha- 
 bitants of a country. As being 
 in it ab origin e. 
 
 Aborior, I die. That is, I 
 am the reverse from rising or 
 growing up. See Aboleo. 
 
 Abortus, an untimely birth. 
 That in which children aboriun- 
 tur. 
 
 Abripio, I snatch away. Fr. 
 rapio. 
 
 Abrogo, I annul, abolish. As 
 opposed to rogo, I introduce a 
 law. 
 
 Abrotonum, the herb south- 
 ernwood. 'AfigOTOVOV. 
 
 Abs, from. Fr. ab, for soft- 
 ness. Abstineo is softer than 
 Abtineo. So Obs — for Ob. 
 ^f Al. from «\J/, back. Terence : 
 " Nunquam accedo ad te, quin 
 abs te abeam doctior." Where 
 abs implies return from. 
 
 Absens, absent. Fr. abs, and 
 ens. Ens, entis, from slfju, par- 
 ticiple sl$, evTos, whence entis, 
 ents, ens. Compare Przesens. 
 
 Absinthium, wormwood. 'A- 
 
 Absis, idis, the curvature or 
 bend of an arch; &c. "A<\n$. 
 
 Absonus, grating. That is, 
 deviating from the proper 
 
 SOUND. 
 
 Absque, except ; without. Fr. 
 abs, as signifying separation 
 from. Que seems to be from xyj, 
 ullo mo do ; or from xs, a Greek 
 
ABS- 
 
 ACC 
 
 particle. Compare Undique, 
 Quicumque, Plerique, Quisque. 
 
 Abstemius, sober. For abs- 
 temetius, from abs, without, 
 (See Absque) and temetum, 
 wine. Or from a word temus 
 or temum. Compare Temulen- 
 tus. 
 
 Abstineo, i hold off from, ab- 
 stain. For absteneo. 
 
 Absum, 1 am at a distance 
 from a place or person, I am ab- 
 sent. 
 
 Absurdus, grating, discordant, 
 not agreeing with the subject or 
 purpose in hand, inconsistent, 
 absurd. As said of that (ab) 
 from which one turns away one's 
 ears and is (surdus) deaf to it. 
 
 Abundo, I overflow, abound. 
 Properly said of (undo) water 
 rising (ab) out of its bounds. So 
 Esundo is used. Or ab merely 
 increases the sense. 
 
 Abutor, I use a thing in a 
 manner different from what I 
 ought, I abuse it. So Gr. uito- 
 Xpcx-Ofj.cn. 
 
 Abyssus, an abyss. *Afivo~o-os. 
 
 Ac, and. Soft for ate, from 
 atque whence atq\ ate, as Ne- 
 que, Neq', Nee. % Al. from 
 xai, transp. alx. ^f Ac is con- 
 sidered by Jamieson as allied to 
 Mceso-Gothic auk, Anglo-Sax. 
 eac, Engl. eke. He adds : " It 
 may have been originally written 
 aug, from aug-ere, to increase ; 
 as we know that C was often 
 pronounced by the Latins as G." 
 Aug, auc, ac. Wachter adds 
 the Hebr. ach, Germ. auch. 
 
 Acacia, a kind of thorny shrub. 
 * Akcmacl. 
 
 Academia, a place near 
 
 Athens where Plato taught; a 
 school. ' Axa^^sict, uxahjfxioi. 
 
 Acanthis, some small bird. 
 ' AxavQis. 
 
 Acanthus, the herb bear's- 
 foot; &c. "AxctvQog. 
 
 Acatus, a pinnace. "Akoltqs. 
 
 Accedo, i. e. cedo ad, I come 
 to. Also, I acquiesce in, coincide 
 with, accede to ; properly, I 
 come up to a proposal ; I come 
 up and meet it. 
 
 Accendo, I light up, set on 
 fire ; I stir up, excite, raise, in- 
 crease. Ovid: il Quin etiam 
 accendas vitia." Hence, I add 
 to, raise the price or value of 
 anything. Accendo is fr. cando, 
 I make to shine. See Candeo. 
 
 Accenseo, I reckon among the 
 list of. Fr. census. 
 
 Accensi, supernumeraries, sol- 
 diers kept in reserve. As being 
 added {ad. censum) to the roll. 
 ^f Or fr. accenseo, accensum. 
 As being attached to the le- 
 gions. 
 
 Accensi, public officers whose 
 business it was to attend on the 
 magistrates, and summon courts; 
 a macebearer, Serjeant, beadle. 
 Fr. accenseo, accensum, to add 
 to the number of. That is, as- 
 cripti, attached. The accensi 
 were attached to the magistrates. 
 Sometimes it expressed less in- 
 feriority. Forcellini : " Accen- 
 sum, praeter superiores magis- 
 trate, habebant etiam decurio- 
 nes et centuriones, non ut ser- 
 vum, sed adjutorem seu mi- 
 nistratorem." 
 
 Accentus, song, melody ; mo- 
 dulation of tone, of sound or 
 voice, accent. Fr. cano, cantum. 
 
ACC- 
 
 AC1 
 
 Accerso: Written improperly 
 for arcesso. 
 
 Accidens, a casualty, accident. 
 That which (cadit) falls (ad) to 
 our lot, that which befals us. 
 
 Accio, 1 call, send for. That 
 is, (cio) i rouse or excite to come 
 (ad) to me. 
 
 Accipiter, a hawk, falcon. 
 From accipio, accipitum ; where 
 capio is used in its stronger sense 
 of seizing. From its rapacity. 
 ^f Al. for occipiter i. e. occipi- 
 trus, from o%6nTego$, having 
 rapid wings; transp. ofuzrsrpos, 
 oxipetrus. 
 
 Accurdtus, studied, accurate. 
 Fr. euro. Much attended to. 
 Ad increases the sense. 
 
 Accusatlvus casus, the accu- 
 sative case, called by Varro Ca- 
 sus accusandi. So Gr. othictTixrj 
 
 Accuso, I arraign, accuse. For 
 accauso (as Exclaudo, Excludo,) 
 fr. causa, a judicial process. So 
 Incuso. 
 
 Aceo, I am tart, sour. Fr. 
 uxeco, a verb formed from ccxyj, a 
 point, prick. That is, I am 
 pointed, pungent. 
 
 Acer, sharp, tart, pungent, 
 keen, brisk, &c. Fr. Sexy, a 
 point ; or ax)g, sharpness. Or, as 
 A is long, from yxyc, iEol.coojg, 
 as KsXyjc, KsX>jp, Celer. 'Hxe$ is 
 explained by Hesychius 6%v, 
 sharp. 
 
 ^cer, 
 
 Acerbus, bitter, sour, tart. Fr. 
 aceo } or acer. Compare Super- 
 bus. 
 
 Acerra: See Appendix. 
 
 Acersecomes, with long flow- 
 ing hair. 'Axep<rsxo[AYis. 
 
 Acervus, a heap. For ager- 
 vus fr. otysgea fut. of ayeipco, I 
 collect. V, as in Sylva, Arvum. 
 ^f Al. from acer, aceris. As 
 properly a chaff-heap, Gr. ce/y- 
 pofioxYj and kyypiuu.. 
 
 Acetabulum, a vessel for hold- 
 ing (acetum) vinegar, a vinegar- 
 cruet. A vessel for holding any- 
 thing. And hence used either 
 for a dry or liquid measure. 
 Also, the pan in the joints of 
 bones ; being, like the acetabu- 
 lum, of a round form and hol- 
 low, and having a small brim. 
 Acetabula are also cavities in 
 the claws of crabs. Certain 
 cavities in flowers or herbs. 
 Also, jugglers' cups or boxes. 
 
 Acetaria, orum, a sallad. 
 That is, raw herbs eaten with 
 (acetum) vinegar. 
 
 Acetum, vinegar. Fr. aceo, 
 acetum. 
 
 Achates, an agate. 3 AycLTt\^. 
 
 Achores, um, scurf. 'A^psg. 
 
 Achras, a wild pear-tree. 
 'Axpag. 
 
 Acia, a needle-full of thread. 
 Fr. acus. Titinnius has "Acus 
 aciasgue." 
 
 Acidus, sour, tart. Fr. aceo. 
 As Frigeo, Frigidus. 
 
 Acies, the sharp edge or 
 point of anything, as of a sword 
 or spear. And hence used for 
 a battalion, and an army in bat- 
 tle array. Also, the point of 
 the eye, the pupil; &c. Fr. 
 axi?, a point ; gen. ax/Soj, ctx(o$. 
 
 Aclndces, a scimitar. 'Axivaxri$. 
 
 Acinus, a berry, stone, kernel. 
 Fr. ax)$, a point. As acute or 
 pointed ; from its sharp extrem- 
 ities. At first, perhaps, applied 
 
AC1- 
 
 ACU 
 
 particularly to grape-stones, and 
 then applied generally, ^f Al. 
 from aceo. Whiter : " Because 
 the stones, in comparison of the 
 fruit, are sharp or hard to bite." 
 
 Acipenser, • 
 
 Aclis, idis, a kind of short 
 dart or arrow. Fr. uyxv\)§, 
 (otyx\)$, ctx\\g,) considered the 
 same as ayxvXv}, which means 
 both the thong of a javelin, and 
 a javelin. Festus says that 
 the aclides were fastened with 
 thongs. 
 
 Acna or Acnua, a measure of 
 land. Fr. olxcuvoc, cLxvu. 
 
 Acoluthus, Acolitus, an infe- 
 rior priest. 'AxoXovbog. 
 
 Aconttum, wolf's bane. 'Axo- 
 
 VITOV. 
 
 Acosmos, without ornament. 
 
 "AX0<T[X,0$. 
 
 Acquiro, I gain, acquire. That 
 is, (qu&ro) I seek so as to come 
 (ad) at what I seek. 
 
 Acredula, a woodlark, or 
 some such bird. Ab acri cantu, 
 from its sharp or shrill note. 
 Some read agredula fr. ager, 
 agri. 
 
 Acrimonia, tartness, sourness. 
 Fr. acer, acris. So Castimonia. 
 Monia is perhaps from the 
 Greek, as in «8r)ju.ov/a. 
 
 Acroama, atis, a concert, 
 opera; a musician, &c. 'A- 
 
 Acroasis, a lecture. 'Axpoota-tg. 
 
 Acta, the sea-shore ; retreat 
 by the sea-shore. 'Axty). 
 
 Actio, a thing done or doing, 
 act, action ; business ; action at 
 law ; the act of delivering a 
 speech ; &c. Fr. ago, agtum, 
 actum. 
 
 Actor, an actor or performer 
 of plays ; a pleader or agent at 
 the bar ; an agent, steward, &c. 
 See above. 
 
 Actuaria navis, a light galley. 
 Fr. actum, &c. As being easily 
 driven by the wind ; or as being 
 driven on by oars as well as 
 sails. 
 
 Actuarius, one who writes 
 out (acta) acts, deeds, decrees, 
 &c. 
 
 Actum est, the business or 
 evil is done, all is over, we are 
 undone. 
 
 Actus, the right of driving a 
 beast or waggon not loaded ; a 
 road between fields for beasts of 
 burden, &c. to pass, i. e. agi, to 
 Jbe driven ; the space of ground 
 which oxen passed at one stretch 
 without stopping. A part of 
 the action or performance of a 
 play, an act, like Gr. Spa^cx. fr. 
 dpaoo. Fr. ago, agtum, actum. 
 
 Actutum, immediately. Fr. 
 ago, actus, as Cinctus, Cinctu- 
 tus. " Ab actu, id est, eden- 
 tate," says Priscian. Vossius : 
 " Actutum est tam cito quam 
 agere possis : ut Mox tam cito 
 quam possis movere." 
 
 Aculeus, a sting. Fr. acuo. 
 
 Acumen, sharpness, or sharp 
 point. Fr. acuo. 
 
 Acuo, I whet, sharpen, point. 
 Fr. axl^oo, fut. cextW, axiw, 
 whence acuo, as »SJ«, vidUo. 
 ■% Al. from acus, a needle. 
 
 Acus, us, a needle, bodkin. 
 The needle fish. Fr. ax)$, a 
 sharp point. Or fr. acuo, whence 
 the dative is acui. 
 
 Acus, eris, chaff. Fr. olx v P> 
 Doric for oi^upov. 
 
6 
 
 AD 
 
 — ADJ 
 
 Ad, at, about, near, a place. 
 Also, in a direction near to or 
 about a place, to, unto. So vnb, 
 under, is used in a sense of mo- 
 tion, as in wo "IKiov y)\8sv. We 
 say, To aim at a mark. Ad is 
 shortened from apud, as Vis 
 from Volis. ^f Jamieson re- 
 fers it to Mceso-Goth. at. ^f 
 Al. for ed from s<r%s, iEol. hrs, 
 as Tncms, iEo!. vims: whence 
 err , et, ed. Or from ss 8e, I<r8*, 
 IBS', f "From Hebrew-^." V. 1 
 
 ./id?, in composition, increases 
 the force of words. For, if I 
 put anything (ad) to another, I 
 increase that other thing. 
 
 Ad&ro, 1 value, appraise, 
 rate, assess; compute, calculate. 
 Fr. &s, ceris, money. I rate (ad 
 ces) according to the money a 
 person has. 
 
 Addgium, a proverb, saying. 
 As being suited (ad agendum) 
 for action, for the purposes of 
 life. Or as being carried from its 
 proper to a different signification. 
 
 Adamas, antis, a diamond, 
 adamant. y Abacas* ctvros. 
 
 Adaxint, for adaxerint, fr. 
 ago, pf. agsi, axi. So Rego, 
 Rexi. See Axim. 
 
 Adbito, I go near to. Fr. 
 beta. 
 
 Addico, I adjudge, sentence, 
 assign, devote, make over ; I sell, 
 make over by private contract; 
 &c. That is, I (dico) declare that 
 a thing belongs (ad) to any one. 
 
 Addo, I add. That is, I place 
 
 1 Al. contracted from agitum, from 
 ago, I drive, drive to. As perhaps from 
 &yu, pf. S%a, is &xpi. From agitum we 
 have agit\ agt, then at, (as Atque, Atq\ 
 Ate, Ac,) and ad. 
 
 a thing (ad) near to or by an- 
 other. See Abdo. 
 
 Adduco, I draw tight or 
 straight. That is, I draw to- 
 wards myself. 
 
 Adebf to such a degree, to 
 such a pass. From ad ed. Ad 
 is joined to an adverb, as in Ad- 
 huc, and as we say in English 
 Hereto, Hitherto, Therefore. 
 
 Adeps, ddipis, fat, grease. 
 Fr. adipio fr. apio, I join. From 
 its cohering together or with the 
 flesh. So Gr. Brjjocoj from Uco, 
 W$YifAai, to bind. 
 
 Adeptus, for adaptus, fr. ada- 
 piscor, adipiscor. 
 
 Adesdum, come hither. Dum 
 is a particle, as in Ehodum. 
 
 Adhibeo, I adopt, apply, em- 
 ploy, use; I use, behave to. 
 That is, (habeo) I hold any- 
 thing in my hand (ad meos usus,) 
 for the purpose of using it. For- 
 cellini explains it "- utor re aliqua 
 ad aliquid faciendum." Or ad- 
 hibeo is to hold forward one 
 thing to another, and as it were 
 present it to it ; to bring it to ano- 
 ther thing and apply it. Thus 
 
 " Adhibere prudentiasad omnes 
 
 „ ?? 
 res. 
 
 Adhuc, up to this point, hith- 
 erto. See Aded. 
 
 Adjectivnm nomen, an adjec- 
 tive noun. As being (adjec- 
 tum) added or applied to a sub- 
 stantive. 
 
 Adigo, I drive. Fr. ago. 
 
 Adjicidlis cozna> a public din- 
 ner, a splendid feast. " Those, 
 who read adjicialis, suppose it 
 so called either because some 
 new, luscious, and foreign dish- 
 es (adjiciebantur) were added 
 
ADl- 
 
 ADO 
 
 or introduced to the feast ; or 
 from the mode of expression, 
 Adjicere ccenam, for Indicere. 
 Tacitus : e Rhescuporis sanci • 
 endo, ut dictitabat, foederi con- 
 vivium adjicit.' Those, who 
 read aditialis, derive it fr. aditus; 
 these entertainments being parti- 
 cularly given on the entrance to a 
 magisterial office." F. " Quod 
 adjiceretur pubiicae laetitiae." 
 Ainsw. 
 
 Aditno, I take away. Fr. 
 emo, I. take. Erno ex alio ad 
 me, I take from another to my- 
 self. 
 
 Adtpiscor, I get, obtain. Fr. 
 apiscor. 
 
 Adjumentum, help. For ad- 
 juvamentum. 
 
 Adjutus, helped. Fr. juvo, 
 juvitum,jutum. 
 
 Admiriiculum, a prop, stay, 
 support. For admaniculum fr. 
 mantis. That to which I apply 
 my hands, that which I hold by. 
 Cicero : " Vites claviculis aid- 
 minicula tanquam manibus ap- 
 prehendunt, atque ita se erigunt 
 ut animantes." 
 
 Admissarius equus est qui ad 
 sobolem creandam equabus a d- 
 mittitur. 
 
 Admitto, I place near or by 
 any one ; I introduce to another ; 
 admit to my own presence, re- 
 ceive; admit to my own atten- 
 tion or approbation, give heed 
 to, approve, allow. Mitto in 
 its compounds usually means to 
 place. For, what is put in a 
 place, is sent or conveyed to 
 that place from another. The 
 primitive si» in Greek is to place 
 as well as to send. 
 
 Admitto faciuus, I commit a 
 crime. Forcellini : " Jt is taken 
 from this, that he, who sins, ad- 
 mits or introduces sin into his 
 mind." The full expression is 
 Admitto facinus in me. Cicero : 
 "Qualis quisque sit, quid agat, 
 quid in se admittat." Again: 
 "EaiN te admisisti, quae au- 
 dire non posses." Hence per- 
 haps the proper meaning is to 
 receive or give a crime a place 
 in the mind, to harbour, allow, 
 adopt it. 
 
 Admodum, just, exactly, en- 
 tirely, altogether. That is, ad 
 modum justum, up to the just 
 and proper measure ; simply, 
 up to the measure. 
 
 Adoleo, 1 burn in sacrifices. 
 Properly said of burning odors. 
 Fr. oleo, 1 send forth an odor. 
 Ad may be ad aras. Or it 
 increases the signification. 
 
 Adolescens, one growing, one 
 still growing, or still growing 
 in strength and vigor : a young 
 man. From adolesco. Cicero 
 calls Brutus and Cassius adoles- 
 centes at the age of 40. 
 
 Adolesco, 1 grow, grow up ; 
 grow in strength. Olesco is 
 from oleo, I grow. 
 
 Adonis, Adonis. "Atiatvis. 
 
 Adopto, I desire, choose, se- 
 lect, adopt. That is, (opto) I 
 desire to be (ad me) by me. Or 
 ad is very much. 
 
 Ador : See Appendix. 
 
 Addrea, an allowance (adoris) 
 of wheat or corn to an army 
 after gaining a victory ; victory, 
 glory. 
 
 Adorior, I set about, take in 
 hand. That is, orior ad rem 
 
8 
 
 ADO- 
 
 aSDi 
 
 aggrediendam. Also, I invade. 
 That is, I rise out of ambush 
 (ad hostes invadendos) to attack. 
 
 Adoro, I adore, venerate. 
 Fr. oro, I pray to. ^f Al. from 
 os, oris. I move my hand (ad os) 
 to my mouth by way of reve- 
 rence. 
 
 Adrastia, Nemesis. 'A$pu<r- 
 
 TSltX, 
 
 Adscisco, I approve, admit, 
 receive. Fr. scisco. As pro- 
 perly said of Senators decreeing 
 or sanctioning. 
 
 Adsum, I am by or near ano- 
 ther; I help; attend to. 
 
 Adventitius, foreign, derived 
 from abroad. That is, which 
 comes to us from abroad. So 
 Gr. e7TYjXvg, 
 
 Adverbium, an adverb. As 
 being joined (ad verba) to other 
 words and having no meaning 
 by itself. 
 
 Adversaria, or urn, a note 
 book, memorandum book, post- 
 ing-book. From adversa, oc- 
 currences to which (advertimus 
 mentem) we turn our mind so 
 as to note them down. Tacitus : 
 " Quoties novum aliquid adver- 
 terat" 1 
 
 Adversarius, one who bids 
 against us at an auction, opposes 
 us in a court of justice or in the 
 field. Fr. adversor. 
 
 1 u Becman derives the idea from the 
 things noted being adversa, cast before 
 us, ready at hand. But it is from the 
 notion of putting things down in the ad~ 
 versa pagina. In this page the Romans 
 noted their expenses, as in the aversa 
 pagina they noted their receipts. If the 
 pages agreed, that is, if the receipts and 
 payments were equal, they called it, 
 TJtramque paginam facere." V. 
 
 Adversus, turned towards, fa- 
 cing, or right opposite to ano- 
 ther; opposite, opposed, hos- 
 tile. Fr. verto. 
 
 Adverto, I warn, admonish. 
 That is, I turn the mind of 
 another to a circumstance. 
 
 Adulo, Adiclor : See Appen- 
 dix. 
 
 Adulter, an adulterer. For 
 adalter, as Taberna, Contuber- 
 nalis. One who betakes him- 
 self (ad alteram) to another wife, 
 or (ad alterius) to another's 
 wife. 
 
 Adultus, grown up, full 
 grown. Fr. adoleo, (whence Ado- 
 lesco,) adolitum, adoltum. 
 
 Adumbratus, shadowed,sketch- 
 ed, traced out faintly, represent- 
 ed ; drawn from the original, 
 not the original itself, counter- 
 feit. Fr. umbra, 
 
 Advocatus, a friend called on 
 by another to assist him with 
 his advice or presence in court; 
 &c. 
 
 Adytum, the innermost part 
 a temple. "A^vtov. 
 
 Mdepol: See Edepol. 
 
 Mdifico, 1 build a house. 
 Mdemfacio. 
 
 Mdilis, a magistrate whose 
 business it was originally to pre- 
 serve the decrees of the people 
 (in <zde) in the temple of Ceres; 
 and to superintend the repairs 
 (cedium) of the temples and 
 other public buildings. After- 
 wards their office was enlarged, 
 and they regulated the markets, 
 games, weights and measures ; 
 &c. 
 
 Mdis, MdeSy a house, habi- 
 tation ; a temple. For atis fr. 
 
JEDI 
 
 .ffiRU 
 
 9 
 
 ethos, a house, which is used by 
 Pindar. 1 
 
 Mditimus, the keeper or over- 
 seer of a temple. Fr. cedes; as 
 Finis, Finitimus. 
 
 Mdituus, the same as JEdi- 
 timus, and from cedes. 
 
 Aedon, a nightingale. 'A^oov. 
 
 Mger, weak, infirm, sick. For 
 agrus from asgyog, transp. dsygdg. 
 That is, incapable of work or 
 action, ^f Al. from avyog, the 
 Cretan form of <x\yo$, pain. 2 
 
 JEgilops, a sty. Also, dar- 
 nel. Alylkooty. 
 
 Mgis, a shield. And perhaps 
 a storm. Aiylg. 
 
 JEgoceros, Capricorn. Alyd- 
 xepcog. 
 
 Mgrtt, ill. Fr. ager, ra. Hoc 
 mihi agrl est, 1 bear it ill, I am 
 displeased at it. 
 
 JElurus, a cat. AiKoupog. 
 
 JEmulus, a rival ; invidious ; 
 that which rivals or is of equal 
 worth with. Fr. aT/x,a, blood. 
 That is, lively, alert, ardent, 
 sanguine, as Sanguine is from 
 Sanguis. 3 
 
 Mneator, a trumpeter, one 
 who sounds (aneam tubarn) a 
 brazen trumpet. 
 
 JEneus, brazen. For arineus 
 fr. as, arts. 
 
 1 Al. from '48os, a seat, or from fjOos, an 
 abode. But neither of these accounts for 
 the diphthong. 
 
 2 '' Ex Graeco aviyphv" says Festus. 
 Thence ouypbv, whence agrum. Hesy- 
 chius explains aviypbv (inter alia) by <pav- 
 \ov y kolkSv. 
 
 3 Haigh says: "From atfiiXos, pleas- 
 ing, gay, enticing." ^ Some consider it 
 a corruption from a/xiWa, a contest. Per- 
 haps through alfiAa, whence cemUlus, as 
 iEscUlapius from Al<TK\7)irios. Or from 
 i^d/xiWos, whence idfiiWos, adfiiAAos. 
 
 Etym. 
 
 Mnigma, dtis, a riddle. At- 
 viypot. 
 
 Mon, an imaginary deity said 
 to exist from eternity. Alwv. 
 
 Mquvparo, I make equal. 
 Mque parent facio. 
 
 JEquor, any level or smooth 
 surface, a plain, flat ; the plain 
 surface of the sea, the sea. Fr. 
 aquus. Pindar has kovtov tiKol- 
 
 XCL. 
 
 Mquus, just, equal ; having 
 just or equal proportions ; like, 
 similar, uniform, even, plain, 
 even-tempered, &c. Fr. eixce?, 
 just. Or rather from etlxcos for 
 elxoog, as at was said as well 
 as el. 
 
 Air, the air. 'Afy. 
 
 Mrarium, a place where the 
 public money was kept. Fr. 
 as, arts, money. 
 
 Mro, onis, a basket or bag. 
 Fr. eXpcov, raising, bearing, 
 carrying. % Al. from as, aris. 
 A money bag. 
 
 Mrugo, rust {aris) of copper; 
 verdigrise ; poison ; malice or 
 spite, which poison and eat away 
 like rust. Go, as in Salsugo. 
 
 Mrumna, toil, trouble, mi- 
 sery. For aromna fr. a\popevr\, 
 raised. As anciently said of a 
 stick on which pedlars raised or 
 carried their fardels ; and meta- 
 phorically applied to toil and 
 labor, ^f Al. from ulgopevY) or 
 dsipo^svvi, raised, hung up, sus- 
 pended. From the notion of 
 suspense and anxiety, ^f Al. fr. 
 alg0ju.li/*], as the Greeks say «7- 
 gso-Qcti xlvduvov, to undertake dan- 
 ger, ^f Al. from as, aris. Toil 
 arising from digging the copper 
 mines. 
 
 B 
 
]() 
 
 JERU 
 
 AFF 
 
 JErusco, I get money by false 
 tales of distress," &c. Fr. as, 
 aris. " Not from the idea of 
 the antiquity of copper money, 
 but because ara was used of 
 money of the lowest kind/' V. 
 
 Ms, aris, brass. Fr. «Ic^, 
 splendor. Ms in Greek would 
 be alg. Homer has otttoirct %ot\- 
 xov, glittering brass. And Cal- 
 limachus liavysu %u\xov, trans- 
 parent brass. Mris might have 
 been originally asis. Or as 
 made a? is on the model of Thus, 
 Thuris ; Mus, Maris. "Germ. 
 ar, brass. Anglo-Sax. ar, ar, 
 Franc, er, Island. ar. We now 
 say erz. Hence Goth, aiz, 
 money. Germ, even, brazen. 
 All perhaps from Lat. as, aris, 
 asis." W. 
 
 Msculapias, son of Apollo. 
 
 Msculus, Esculus: See Ap- 
 pendix. 
 
 Mstas, the summer. Fr. astus. 
 
 Mstimo, I value, estimate. 
 Fr. as, money ; timo being con- 
 sidered as a termination, some- 
 what as timus in iEditimus, 
 Maritimus. So from Germ. 
 ar, brass, money, Wachter de- 
 rives Germ. waren, ei taxare, pe- 
 cunia ajstimare." Or as may be 
 viewed here as meaning a coun- 
 ter. Facciolati : " Mr a diceban- 
 tur etiamnummi quibus calculo- 
 nes in subducendis rationibus ute- 
 bantur." As then from Calculus 
 is Calculo, to count, so from 
 as may be astimo, to count. 1 
 
 1 '* From ces, money, ri/xw, I value," 
 says Vossius. But this is a hybrid com- 
 pound, and I in ti/j.u> is long. ' 
 
 Mstuarium, a creek or arm 
 of the sea, in which the tide ebbs 
 and flows ; a frith. For the sea 
 (astuat) is violent there from the 
 narrowness of the place. See 
 Fretum. 
 
 Msluo, I am hot, boil, rage, 
 &c. Fr. astus. 
 
 Mstus, heat, hot weather. Fr. 
 ala-rbg, burnt. Or at least from 
 altTTM pp. of ouboo, I burn. 
 
 Mtas, an age; age, &c. For 
 avitas fr. avum. 
 
 Mternus, eternal, lasting for 
 ages or all ages. For aviternus 
 fr. avum, like Semper, Sempi- 
 ternus. Or fr. avitas, whence 
 atas. 
 
 Mther, the ether, air, heavens. 
 Alfyp. 
 
 Mthra, the pure ether, serene 
 sky; the sky. A'ttpa. 
 
 Mtia, orum, causes. Afoiot. 
 
 Mvum, length of time, an 
 age, generation, &c. Fr. aicov, 
 whence aum, and aeVum, as 
 fiosg, boVes, 
 
 Affabilis, one easy to be spo- 
 ken to, courteous. Fr. for, 
 faris. As Miror, Mirabilis. 
 
 Affdbre, skilfully, exquisitely. 
 Fr.J'aber, ri. Ad modum fa- 
 bri. Workman-like. Or ad 
 is, very. 
 
 Affania : See Appendix. 
 
 Affdtim, largely, abundantly. 
 Fr. d$ctTw$, inexpressibly. Cal- 
 limachus : Ai^/u<rccg afyonov ti. 
 % Or for adfatim from fatim. 
 That of which much may be 
 spoken. 
 
 Ajjectatio, an ardent desire to 
 obtain or accomplish anything ; 
 over-eagerness and over-study 
 to do anything. Fr. offecto. 
 
AFF- 
 
 ■AG A 
 
 11 
 
 Affectio, influence on or emo- 
 tion of the mind through love, 
 anger, desire, natural affection. 
 Qua nfficitur animus. Also, 
 the materials or elements by 
 which bodies are made, or 
 mode by which they are made, 
 natural state, constitution, dis- 
 position, &c. Or ad expresses 
 the objects to which things are 
 fitted by nature. 
 
 Affecto, I endeavour to do 
 anything with zeal, or with a too 
 great or forced zeal. Some 
 explain it, habeo animum pro- 
 num ad faciendum, I am bent 
 on doing anything. For verbs 
 formed from supines often in- 
 crease the force of the word, as 
 Pulso, Ito. Or rather, ad has 
 here the sense of, very much, 
 too much: and affecto corres- 
 ponds to our expressioo, To 
 Over-do a thing. 
 
 Affect us, influenced, moved, 
 acted on by love, anger, &c. 
 See Affectio and Aflicio. Made 
 or constituted by nature, natural- 
 ly disposed or inclined to any- 
 thing. See Affectio. Affected, 
 afflicted, worn out by sickness, 
 illtreatment, &c. See Afficio. 
 Almost finished, nearly done 
 or concluded, but not quite. 
 Gellius : '■' Non confecto anno 
 sed affecto." Ad seems here to 
 mean, nearly. So as a prepo- 
 sition it means near to. This 
 phrase is applied also to persons 
 nearly worn out by sickness. 
 Suetonius : "Jam quidem affec- 
 tum, sed tamen spirantem adhuc 
 Augustum." That is, On the 
 point of death, but still breathing. 
 
 Afficio, I affect, influence, 
 
 move. Quintilian : " Primuni 
 est ut afficiarnur, antequam affi- 
 cere conemur." Hence afficio 
 is used of affecting or moving 
 with pleasure or pain : as Afficio 
 aliquem laetitia, dolore. Hence 
 afficio is said of anything which 
 makes a change in or exerts a 
 power over another. So the body 
 is said afftci morbo, to be acted 
 on by, or afflicted with disease ; 
 and the face is said affici medica- 
 mine, to be acted on by paint, to 
 be painted. Afficio seems to be 
 primarily put for, impello ad 
 faciendum, I excite or stimulate 
 another to action. Some sup- 
 pose facio ad here to mean, I 
 act towards or upon, work upon, 
 produce an effect on. But 
 these words do not seem to ad- 
 mit such a sense. 
 
 Affmis, adjoining. That is, 
 dwelling (ad fines) at or by the 
 boundaries of another's estate 
 or dwelling. Also, one joined 
 or allied to another by marriage ; 
 or in crime, an accomplice. 
 
 Affirmo, i make firm or sure ; 
 I say firmly or positively. Fr. 
 jirmus. 
 
 Ajflicto, from affiigo, affiic- 
 tum. 
 
 Affiigo: See Fligo. 
 
 Affluens, abundant. From 
 the notion of things flowing co- 
 piously. Ad increases the force. 
 
 Afncus, the south-west wind. 
 As blowing from Africa. 
 
 Agdga, a pimp. Fr. uyciya. 
 or Yiyayc*. pm. of otyoo, used in 
 the same sense. But the read- 
 ing is dubious. 
 
 Agape, love ; a love feast. y A- 
 yu%-q. 
 
12 
 
 AGA- 
 
 Al 
 
 Agaso, an ostler, groom. 
 'Ayatpov, 
 
 Age, come on. "Ays. 
 
 Agema, a brigade. " Ay^a.. 
 
 Ager, agri, a field, farm, &c. 
 Aypo$. 
 
 Agger, a heap. Fr. agger o, 
 
 Aggtro, I heap. That is, I 
 carry one thing to another. 
 
 Aggravo, 1 make heavier, 
 add to the weight of. 
 
 Aggredior, I enter upon, set 
 about. That is, gradior ad, I 
 come to a thing. 
 
 Agilis, nimble, active. That 
 is, able or apt (agere se) to drive 
 himself forward. Or able (agere) 
 to do or execute. 
 
 Agina, that into which the 
 beam of a balance (agitur) is 
 driven, or in which it is worked 
 or turned. 
 
 Agito, I drive much, stimu- 
 late ; drive about; harass; 
 spend or pass the time, &c. 
 Fr. ago, agitum, whence agtnm, 
 actum. 
 
 Aglaspides, having splendid 
 shields. 'AyXourirlties. 
 
 Agmen, anything being led, 
 drawn, or driven ; an army on 
 march ; troop, band ; the act of 
 driving or drawing. For agimen 
 fr. ago. So Tego, Tegimen, 
 Tegmen. 
 
 Agnomen, a name or title be- 
 stowed for some particular ac- 
 tion, as Germanicus, Africauus. 
 For adgnomen. That which is 
 added to a name. JSlomen is 
 properly gnomen. 
 
 Agnosco, I know, recognize, 
 own. For adgnosco. Gnosco 
 fr. yivuxrxco, yvootrxw. 
 
 Agnus, a lamb. Fr. uyvoc, 
 
 pure. As being a pure oblation 
 or sacrifice. The aspirate dropt, 
 as in Ulcus from "E\x.o$. ^f Al. 
 from dypevo$, led ; whence ag- 
 menus, agnus. As being led, 
 in a general sense. Or as being 
 led to be sacrificed. Isaiah : 
 e( He was led as a lamb to the 
 slaughter." ^f Quayle refers to 
 Celt, oan, uan. 1 
 
 Ago, i lead, drive, drive 
 about ; I drive on or spend the 
 time. "Ay a). 
 
 Ago, I do, act. Fr. oiyca. 
 That is, I carry on, carry for- 
 ward a work, am driving it on, 
 am about it. Thus peractus 
 may be understood, as carried 
 through, done. So Nepos has 
 " Hsec dum geruntur." 
 Others understand it, 1 drive my- 
 self to act, ago me ad faciendum. 
 
 Agon, a contest. 'Ayoov. 
 
 Agonalia, urn : See Appen- 
 dix. 
 
 Agoranomus, a magistrate 
 who presided over the market. 
 
 Agrestis, rustic ; unpolished. 
 Fr. ager, i. e. agrus, agri. 
 
 Agrimonia, 
 
 Agrippa, « 
 
 Agyieus, an epithet of Apol- 
 lo. 'Ayvis6$, 
 
 Ah, Aha, interjections. From 
 the sound. Or from a. " Hebr. 
 ah, ahah. Germ, ach." W. 
 
 Aheneus, brazen. For aeneus, 
 tsneus. 
 
 Ahenum, a caldron. For ahe- 
 neum vas, a brazen vessel. 
 
 Ai, alas. Al. 
 
 1 The derivations of agnus from ajivhs 
 or hpvbs in no way account for the G. 
 
AIN 
 
 ALA 
 
 13 
 
 Ain\ do you say so ? do you 
 speak ? For ais-ne ? 
 
 Aio, I say, speak. Fr. a!«j, 
 formed from «w, whence uvea, 
 I cry out, and uvIyj, the voice. 
 From this word alco is ahog, a 
 word; andhenceafable,asFabu- 
 la is from For,Faris. ^f "Pezro- 
 nius derives aio or qjo from Germ. 
 jak, Goth, ja, by metathesis." W. 
 It is perhaps allied to Engl, ay 
 and yea. 
 
 Aius, a God so called from a 
 voice which (aiebat) announced 
 to the Romans that the Gauls 
 were approaching the city. Ci- 
 cero : " Aius iste Loquens aie- 
 bat et loquebatur." 
 
 Ala, a wing; wing of an army ; 
 wing of a building. For axilla, 
 says Cicero ; as Maxilla, Mala ; 
 Vexillum, Velum. But whence 
 is axilla ? From axula. Whence 
 axula ? Fr. «£«>, fut. of aiWco, 
 aa-a-co, I rush impetuously, ^f Or 
 from ago, axi. Qu& avis agit 
 seu impellit se. If Some consi- 
 der the armpit the primary mean- 
 ing, and derive axula from //.acr- 
 X«A>j, whence (omitting M) aV- 
 X*M-> a%o"«^>3, axala, axula. 
 IT Quayle refers axilla to Celt. 
 asguill, (agsuill). % Others 
 suppose ala put for avila fr. 
 avis. That which pertains to a 
 bird. The wing being its dis- 
 tinguishing feature. Whence a 
 bird is called Ales. If " From 
 Hebr. ahla, a leaf." Tt. 
 
 Ala, an armpit. " Because 
 it answers to the pit under the 
 wing of a bird." Tt. " Be- 
 cause hairs grow on it like 
 feathers." F. "Ala ab avibus 
 ad homines ob qualemcun- 
 
 que humerorum cum alis simi- 
 litudinem profecta videtur." 
 Wachter, who adds that Hebr. az- 
 zil, Anglo-Sax. eaxle, is an arm. 
 
 Aldbarches. Donnegan : " 'A- 
 Aa/3a^yj$, a writing-master ; a 
 scrivener; a toll- gatherer. From 
 aAa/3a, ink ; and oipxco" Vos- 
 sius : " What this word means, 
 is disputed. Cicero calls Pom- 
 pey so. And Juvenal has : 
 ' Atque triumphales inter, quos 
 ausus habere Nescio quis, titu- 
 los iEgyptius aut Alabarches.' 
 Some write Halabarches from 
 dko$ Scpxo$, the prefect of the 
 salt. But thus it should be 
 Haliarches. Cujacius thinks 
 that Alabarches is called from 
 a§X°$ anc * ***|3«» ink. That is, 
 praefectus scripturae, a scrivener, 
 a prefect of the taxes paid for 
 feeding cattle in the public pas- 
 tures. Cicero then called Pom- 
 pey so, as having instituted 
 taxes in many parts of Asia. Ful- 
 ler asserts that this was much too 
 low an office for this Governor, 
 and derives Alabarches from the 
 Arabic, so as to make it mean 
 Sub-prefect. Some MSS. read 
 Arabarches. If we adopt this 
 reading, we are not to consider 
 Cicero as calling Pompey so 
 for levying taxes from the Arabs, 
 as Alciatus says ; but because 
 he had subdued the Arabs. And 
 thus the word will be of the 
 same nature as Asiarches in 
 Strabo. Or perhaps Arabar- 
 ches may have been put for Ala- 
 barches, as we find Palilia and 
 Parilia." 
 
 Aldbastrum, an alabaster box 
 of ointment. 'AX&fiuvrqQv. 
 
14 
 
 ALA 
 
 ■ALI 
 
 Alacer or Alacris, brisk, live- 
 ly, alert, blithe, gay. Alacris 
 is for adacris, (as uLysses from 
 QAv<j<reu$) fr. uSotxpvg, without 
 tears, ^f Al. from ala. But 
 the first A in ala is long. 
 
 Aldpa, a .slap on the cheek, 
 cuff on the ear. From Hebr. 
 al aph} upon the face. For ala- 
 pha. 
 
 Alatemus, 
 
 Alauda, a lark. A Gaulish 
 word, as Pliny informs us. The 
 French to this day, says Vossius, 
 say alouette. 
 
 Alba, a pearl. As being (al- 
 ba) white. 
 
 Alharium, whitewash, plaster. 
 Fr. albus. 
 
 Albugo, a white speck on the 
 eye. Fr. albus. As Salsus, 
 Salsugo. 
 
 Album, a whited table in 
 which the Prsetors entered their 
 edicts, actions, &c. A register. 
 Fr. albus. 
 
 Alburnum, the white sap or 
 inner bark of trees. Fr. albus. 
 
 Albumus, a small white fish, 
 supposed to be a bleak or a 
 blay. Fr. albus. As Tacitus, 
 Taciturnus. 
 
 Albus, white. Fr. ak<phg, as 
 up&cQ, amBo. " In Celtic 
 alb." W. 
 
 Alcaicum metrum, the Alcaic 
 metre, invented by the poet 
 Alcaeus. 'Ateoiixov. 
 
 Alee or Alces, an elk. 'A\xr). 
 
 Alcedo, Halcedo, a halcyon, 
 kingfisher. Vossius : u Fr. mm 
 h d\), to lie in the sea ; as d\- 
 xvcov is said from xvsiv kv d\), to 
 brood in the sea." 1 suspect 
 there was a word aXxvvfioov, the 
 
 same as dXxotov ; formed from 
 dk) and kvyj^v. Fr. dXxvY$wv f 
 aXxv$oov, uXxYjfiwv, is alcedo. 
 
 Alcedonia, or urn, halcyon 
 days, days of quiet and calm. 
 For it was believed that there is 
 always a calm during the incu- 
 bation of the alcedo. 
 
 Alcyon, Haley on,2L kingfisher. 
 'AKxvwv, dXxudw. 
 
 Alea: See Appendix. 
 
 Alec and Halec, a kind of pic- 
 kle, brine. Also, a herring or some 
 small fish pickled. Fr. dXvxog, 
 salted ; or dXvx)g, pickle, brine. 
 
 Alecto, one of the Furies. 
 'AXyjxtu). 
 
 Ales. " From ala. It differs 
 from a bird, as a species from a 
 genus. For some birds are 
 Oscines, others are Allies; some 
 give omens by their mouth, 
 others {alls) by their wings." V. 
 " Ales is a general name for 
 such animals as have wings or 
 feathers ; Volucris is said of all 
 that fiies, whether it has feathers 
 or not." F. 
 
 Alga, sea-weed. Fr. a'Aixj, 
 marine ; whence alca, alga. 
 5[ Al. for alliga fr. alligo, as 
 involving the feet of swimmers. 
 
 Algeo, I am grievously cold, 
 am chill. Fr. dXyeoo, I am in 
 pain. 
 
 Alibi, elsewhere. For aliubi 
 fr. alius and ubi. ^[ Al. from 
 alls, (an old form of alius) 
 whence alibus, alibu, alibi. 
 <[[ Al. from ccXXoQi, Mo\. uXXoQi. 
 
 Alica, a kind of corn resem- 
 bling wheat. Pottage made of 
 corn. Fr. alo. So Unica, Te- 
 trica, Manica. 
 
 Altcarius, one who grinds or 
 
AL] 
 
 ALL 
 
 15 
 
 bakes alicam. Hence Alicaria 
 Meretrices were harlots who took 
 their stand before the shops of 
 the alicarii. Plautus calls them 
 " pistorum arnicas." 
 
 Alicubi, somewhere. For ali- 
 quubi, fr. aliquis and ubi. 
 
 Alicula, a kind of short cloak. 
 Fr. u\ki%, aXKiKosj (which He- 
 sychius explains a tunic with 
 sleeves,) ; corrupted to «Ai£, aki- 
 xog. Some write it allicula : 
 but Martial has the first syllable 
 short. 1 
 
 Alicunde, from some place. 
 For aliquunde, fr. aliquis and 
 unde. Properly^ from some 
 whence. See Alicubi. 
 
 Alieno, I make (alienum) 
 different, estrange ; 1 make ano- 
 ther's, transfer. 
 
 Alienum aes, debt. Money 
 which belongs to another. 
 
 Alienus, belonging to another, 
 derived from another source, fo- 
 reign ; different from ; at va- 
 riance with, &c. Fr. alius. As 
 Terra, Terrenus. 
 
 Alioqui, Alioquin, in any 
 other way, in other respects ; in 
 any other way but this, else. 
 So from Ceterus is Ceteroqui, 
 Ceteroquin. But what is qui ? 
 Is it the ablative of Quis ? That 
 is, alio qui or quo, alio aliquo, 
 modo. But whence then the N 
 in quin? Or is qui abridged 
 from quin, and does quin mean 
 " nay, moreover," as in Virgil : 
 " Ausus quin etiam voces jac- 
 tare per utnbram," &c. Thus 
 
 1 " Genus vestis brevioris, ita dictae 
 quod quasdara lacinias velut alas habe- 
 bat. Erat e cblamydum genere." F. 
 
 we have in Livy : " Exercitum 
 reducit ad CEneum oppidum 
 in potestatem redigendum, et 
 alioqui opportune; situm." 
 
 Aliptes, an anointer for the 
 bath. 'A\eiirTY}s. 
 
 Aliquandiu, for some while. 
 From diu, a space of time, mo- 
 dified by aliquam or aliquantum. 
 So Aliquammultus in Cicero is 
 Aliquam-multus or Aiiquantum- 
 multus. 
 
 Aliquando, sometimes. From 
 aliquis and quando. At some 
 whiles. So Alicunde, Alicubi. 
 ^f Or from alis, or alius, some. 
 See Aliquis and Aliquot. 
 
 Aliquantus, somewhat. Qjuan- 
 tus is for " tantus quantus" 
 Ali is some, as in Aliquot, Ali- 
 quis, &c. 
 
 Aliquis, somebody, some one. 
 For alius or alls quis. Quis is 
 here any one, from the enclitic 
 7ic, iEol. xig. Aliquis seems to 
 mean at full " hie aut alius quis." 
 
 Aliquot, some, some certain, 
 a few. For aliqui-quot, aliqui 
 tot quoi sint, some as many as 
 there may be. Or, if aliquot is 
 from a lis or alius andquot, then 
 alis or alius is here used for 
 " some," as in Aliquis. 
 
 Alis, neut. dlid, abridged 
 from alius, aliud. 
 
 Aliter, m another way, in any 
 other way. Fr. alis. 
 
 Aliubi: See Alibi. 
 
 Alius, another ; different. Fr. 
 <xXKo$, as $uXAov, folium. In 
 Celtic eile. 
 
 Allecto, I allure. Fr. allicio, 
 allectum. 
 
 Allego, I send lo any place. 
 For adlego. Also, 1 allege or 
 
16 
 
 ALL 
 
 ALT 
 
 adduce by way of excuse or 
 proof. Here lego is used like 
 Mitto in composition for Pono. 
 As we say To Submit a propo- 
 sition to another. See Admitto. 
 
 Allegoria, an allegory. 'Ak- 
 tyyoplct. 
 
 Alleluia, halleluiah. Gr. ak- 
 k^koviu. From the Hebrew. 
 
 Allicio, I deceive, allure. Fr. 
 lacio. 
 
 Allido, I dash to the ground, 
 severely injure. That is, Icedo 
 impingendo ad aliquid, I hurt 
 by dashing against anything. 
 
 Allifana (pocuia), cups 
 made at Allifa, a town of Sam- 
 nium. 
 
 Allium, garlic. Soft for ag- 
 lium, from oiykic, a clove of 
 garlic. 
 
 Allophylus, a stranger. *Ak- 
 ko<pvkog. 
 
 Alludo, I allude to, make al- 
 lusion to. That is, I refer to a 
 thing in a playful manner. Thus : 
 Some refer Adolescens to ufo- 
 Aso-^wj/, fond of chit-chat. This 
 is not a derivation, but an al- 
 lusion. 
 
 Alluo, I lave, flow just by. 
 Fr. luo, fr. kouoo, I wash. 
 
 Alius, Hallus, 
 
 Alluvies, a landflood. For 
 alluies fr. alluo. From the 
 washing of places before dry by 
 overflowing waters. See Dilu- 
 vium. 
 
 Almus, nourishing, cherish- 
 ing, genial. For alimus fr. alo. 
 As Glubo, Glubima, Gluma. 
 So Gr. Tp6(pi[AG$ from rqo<py]. "It 
 is said of the Gods, particularly 
 of such as are thought to give 
 life or food to men, as of Venus 
 
 and Ceres ; and of others also, 
 to whom it is less applicable, by 
 way of an honorary or respectful 
 title, in which way it is applied 
 to priests." F. 
 
 Alnus, an alder- tree. " From 
 Hebr. alon." Tt. " Germ, els, 
 elr, Anglo-Sax. air, air, Engl. 
 alder." W. 
 
 Ahf I support, maintain, 
 nourish. " Germ, alen, nutrire, 
 educare. Lat. alere, Scandis 
 antiquis ala. Convenit Hebr. 
 alah" W. Perhaps alo is from 
 a verb oikco, whence ukQu) and 
 akdao, viz. through akfyv and 
 ukfyv. Perhaps this verb ukco 
 is still extant in dksx, heat ; by 
 which plants and other things 
 are nourished. 
 
 Aloe, an aloes-tree. 'Akoiq. 
 
 Alogus, absurd. "Akoyos. 
 
 Alosa, Alausa, perhaps the 
 chadfish. " Gallis hodieque est 
 alose. £t inde accepit Gallus 
 Ausonius." V. 
 
 Alpha, the first Greek letter. 
 "Akqa. 
 
 Alphabetum, the alphabet. 
 Fr. oikQct ffiTu. 
 
 Alphus, the leprosy. "Ak<po$. 
 
 Alsius, and Alsus, cold. Fr. 
 algeo, algsi, alsi, alsum. 
 
 Altani venti, winds rising 
 from land, as Pliny explains 
 them. Blowing from land (in 
 altum) to the sea. So Greek 
 amoyaioi. Isidorus explains them 
 of winds blowing (ab alto) from 
 the sea. Vitruvius however ex- 
 plains the Altanus ventus of the 
 South-west or South by West. 
 
 Altare and Altar, an altar on 
 which sacrifices were made to 
 the Dii Superi as opposed to 
 
ALT- 
 
 ALU 
 
 17 
 
 Ara on which sacrifices were 
 made to the Dii Inferi. Fr. al- 
 tus, as Lucus, Lucar and Lu- 
 care. These sacrifices being 
 offered (altis locis) on high pla- 
 ces ; or, as Festus explains it, 
 in aediikiis a terra exaltatis. 
 Whereas the sacrifices on the 
 Arae were offered in low places, 
 or, as Festus explains it, in ef- 
 fossa terra, % Al. from alia 
 ara. ^f Wachter notices Germ. 
 altar. 
 
 Alter, one of two, one of 
 more, another, different. " E- 
 very body perceives/' says Ihre, 
 '* that the first part is fr. alius : 
 but what the meaning of the 
 latter part is, is not equally ob- 
 vious, unless it is viewed as 
 equivalent to Eorum. So that 
 Alter is Alius eorum, [the other 
 of them,]; Uter is Quis eorum ; 
 JNeuter is Nullus eorum. The 
 Greeks have the same termina- 
 tion, with the addition of oj : e- 
 Tsg-og, iro-Tep-o$, exx-reg-og. In 
 Mceso-Gothic, evidently in the 
 same sense, the synonymous 
 words end in thar. That the 
 Greek and also the Latin owe 
 theirs to the Goths, is evident 
 from this, that thera (of them,) 
 remains among us only. Thus : 
 Gods thera, is Their goods, Bona 
 eorum : Thera skip, Their ships, 
 Eorum naves." Some Latin Ety- 
 mologists derive alter from two 
 Greek words, a\Kos r fae§o$. 
 Others refer it to d\KoTsppo$, the 
 JEolicform of u\\6rpiQ$, foreign, 
 different: i.e. one as different 
 from another. 
 
 Altercor, I debate (cum al- 
 tero) with another, I dispute, 
 Etym. 
 
 jangle. It is for altericor. Or 
 for alternicor from alternus. 
 
 Altercum, henbane. An Ara- 
 bian word, as Pliny informs us, 
 lib. 25, 17. 1 
 
 Alternus, one after (alterurri) 
 another, reciprocal, 
 
 Aliilis, which may be or is 
 being reared, fed or fattened. 
 Fr. alo, allium, altum. 
 
 Altrinsecus, on one side or 
 other ; on either side ; on both 
 sides. For alterinsecus. See 
 Secus. 
 
 Alius, high. For alitus fr. 
 alo. Reared, brought up. "Qui 
 in longitudinem excrevit," says 
 Nagel. When Euripides says, 
 Kct\ob$ rp o $ a1(Ti v, wg rig TrTopQog, 
 f\d^o\Lf[ v, Y\v£opYiv refers to height 
 as well as to bulk. Herodotus: 
 Al 5e ncLpavrlx' avoi t edgupov 
 xou efi\tx<TTov : Ran up and flou- 
 rished. *[[ The Armoric and 
 Germ, is alt. Wachter refers alt 
 and altus to the northern alen, 
 to grow : " ut prim6 sit cretus 
 in altum, mox omnis excelsus." 
 
 Alius, deep. For the deeper 
 the water, the greater is the dis- 
 tance of the surface from the 
 bottom ; that is, the higher 
 is the water. 
 
 Alucinor, Allucznor, Halluci- 
 nor, I blunder, mistake. u Fr. 
 uKuca, I wander. Or from a 
 luce aberro. Or from direct- 
 ing the mind (els a\\o) towards 
 something else than what we 
 have in hand. [Or, in the same 
 
 1 Hence the derivation of Scribonius 
 Largus is erroneous : " Ex eo, quod, qui 
 earn biberint, caput grave venisque dis- 
 tentum habent, et mente abalienantur cum 
 quadam verborum altercatione." 
 c 
 
IS 
 
 ALV- 
 
 ■AM'B 
 
 sense, from aliud, for aliucinor.] 
 Or from striking (hallum) the 
 great toe against anything, or 
 blundering." V. Cinor, as in 
 Sermocinor, Latrocinor, Balbu- 
 cinor. 
 
 Alveare, a beehive. Fr. al- 
 veus. 
 
 Alveus, the channel or bed of 
 a river; a ditch, trench; the 
 hull or hulk of a ship, as being 
 in the form of the alveus ; a 
 ship, bark ; beehive ; ganring- 
 board. Fr. alvus. The alveus 
 of a river is its alvus. Alveus 
 is properly " pertinens ad al- 
 vum." So Ferrum, Ferreus. 
 % Al. for alueus, allueus, ab al- 
 luendo ripas. 
 
 Alum, and Halus, the herb 
 comfrey. A Gaulish word. 
 Pliny : " Halus, quam Galli 
 sic vocant. . . ." 
 
 Alumen, alum, a kind of mi- 
 neral salt. For halumen fr. 
 aKg, dkog, salt. % " From Arab. 
 alum." Tt. 
 
 Alumnus, one who is reared 
 up, as a fosterchild, pupil, &c. 
 Also, one who rears. Fr. alo, 
 whence alomenus, (like tutttoq, 
 TVTTTopsvos,) alomnus. See Au- 
 tumnus. 
 
 Aluta, tawed or tanned lea- 
 ther. A shoe. For aluminata, 
 as dyed with alumen. % Al. 
 for abluta, (as Obmitto, Omit- 
 to,) well soaked and cleansed. 
 
 Alvus, the belly, abdomen. 
 The excrement. The womb. 
 A beehive, as made in the form 
 of the alvus. For aluus, (as 
 Solvo, Volvo, for Soluo, Vo- 
 luo,) abluus. u Quia sordes ea 
 abluuntur." V. We have in 
 
 a 
 taining abundance 
 of learning 
 
 Virgil Proluvies alvi from pro* 
 luo. % " From alo. As being 
 the place where the nourish- 
 ment of the body is first depo- 
 sited." Tt. As from Cado is 
 Cadivus, from alo might be all- 
 vus, alvus. Some understand 
 it as said primarily of the womb. 
 % Al. from ol\o£, a furrow, 
 channel ; whence alvox, (as V 
 is added in Sylva and Arvum,) 
 whence alvos, (as vulpeS from 
 uXwttyiS,) then alvus. 
 
 Am — , around, about. Ab- 
 breviated fr. amb — . 
 
 Amaltheum, a library con- 
 of books or 
 It is written in one 
 place by Cicero in Greek letters, 
 'AfiotXQehv. 
 
 Amando, I' dismiss. That is, 
 (mando) I enjoin to go or 1 send 
 (a) from me. 
 
 Amanuensis, an amanuensis. 
 A servant a manu. 
 
 Amaracus, sweet-marjoram. 
 'Apupaxos. 
 
 Amdrantus, the amaranth. 
 'ApapavTog. 
 
 Amarus, bitter. Fr. aApjsi$, 
 salted ; saline ; * Dor. cchpdsig, 
 whence almaus, almaRus, (as 
 vvp.$dunv, nymphaRum,) then 
 amarus, somewhat as Stimulus 
 for StiGmulus. ^f Al. from 
 mare, the salt sea. % " From 
 the Chaldaic amrar, [transp. 
 amarr,"] to be bitter." V. 
 
 Amb — , for ambi. 
 
 Ambactus, a hired-servant. 
 Fr. amb — and ago. One who 
 is driven about at the will of his 
 
 'hXfxvpbs, saline, salted ; bitter." Dn. 
 
AMB- 
 
 AME 
 
 19 
 
 master. Dacier explains it " 6 
 apt,d>Kpepofji,svos, 6 7Tcpi<$d gyros, cir- 
 cumactus et nunquam consis- 
 tens, qui hac et iliac circumdu- 
 citur mercedis gratia." Caesar 
 has : " Plurimos circa se am- 
 bactos clieutesque habet :" where 
 ambactus is believed to be a 
 Gaulic word. " In the old 
 Belgic language ambacht signi- 
 fies jurisdiction." V. '* Am- 
 bacti is a Belgic word, from 
 ambachten, ministrare, which is 
 derived from umb, amb, emb, 
 around, about, and achten, to 
 follow." W. 
 
 Ambages,\um, windings, turn- 
 ings ; round-about stories, shifts, 
 quirks. Fr. ambi and ago. 
 Drivings round and round. 
 
 Ambarvalis hostia, a victim 
 which was led around the fields 
 for the prosperity of which it 
 was going to be sacrificed. Fr. 
 amb — and arvum. Virgil: 
 " Terque novas circftm felix eat 
 hostia fruges." 
 
 Ambe, the same as Ambi. 
 
 Ambegna hostia, a sacrifice 
 led to the altar accompanied 
 with a lamb on both sides of it. 
 Fr. ambi and agnus. 
 
 AmbenSj for ambiens, encir- 
 cling ; or arnbedens, eating 
 round. 
 
 Ambi, around, about ; on 
 both sides ; in two directions. 
 For amphi(ais ap&ct), amBo,) fr. 
 
 Ambiga, a little pyramidical 
 vessel. Fr. a/x/3i£, otpfiixog. 
 
 Ambigo, 1 doubt, am in 
 doubt. Fr. amb and ago. 1 
 drive myself, or go, in two di- 
 rections or two different ways. 
 
 Ambio, I go round or about ; 
 
 encircle ; hunt after favor or 
 votes ; sue earnestly. Fr. ambi 
 and eo. 
 
 Ambitio, a going round ; can- 
 vassing for posts of honor ; de- 
 sire of honor or popularity, am- 
 bition ; parade, show, &c. Fr. 
 ambio, ambitum. 
 
 Ambo, both. "Aptpco. 
 
 Ambo, a pulpit. "Apfiuiv is 
 used in this sense. 
 
 Ambrosia, the food of the 
 Gods. 'ApPgoQ-la. 
 
 Ambrosias, as sweet as am- 
 brosia. 
 
 Ambubaice, musical girls who 
 prostituted themselves at Rome. 
 As some say, from ambu, (See 
 Ambi) about, and Bai&. As 
 born about Baia?, a maritime 
 town of Campania, ^f But it is 
 probably a Syriac word. " In 
 Syriac abbub is a pipe ; the 
 Arabians insert N, anbub" 
 V. 
 
 Ambulo, I walk. For am- 
 pulo fr. d^itoXoi, versor in loco. 
 IpAl. from ambi. That is, I 
 go about. Ulo, as in Ustu- 
 lo, Postulo, and perhaps in 
 Ejulo. 
 
 Amburo, I burn all about. 
 That is, amb-uro, or am-buro. 
 See Comburo. 
 
 Amelias ; See Appendix. 
 
 Amen, verily. 'Apty. From 
 the Hebrew. 
 
 Amens, rnad. That is, one 
 who is (a mente) far from his 
 right mind. 
 
 Amentum, a strap to which 
 javelins were tied to throw them 
 with greater violence. For api- 
 mentum fr. apio, apitum, I bind, 
 
20 
 
 AME- 
 
 ■A MO 
 
 tie, as Moneo, Monitum, Moni- 
 mentum. % Al. for amen (as 
 Momen, Momentum) for am- 
 men fr. aju,jx«, a chain. See Ex- 
 amen. 
 
 Ames, itis, a pole or staff to 
 stay up nets. For amis fr. 
 dapivg. ^f Or fr. am — , and eo. 
 From a net going round the 
 poles. Compare Comes, Trames. 
 
 Amtthystus, an amethyst. 'A- 
 
 Amicio, I clothe, dress. For 
 amjicio, fr. am — and jacio. I 
 throw round me. 
 
 Amictus, clothing. Fr. ami- 
 cio, amicitum, amictum. 
 
 Amicus, a friend. That is, 
 one who loves. Fr. amo, as 
 Pudet, Pudicus. So epilog fr. 
 
 Amita, an aunt by the father's 
 side. In Arabic am is uncle, 
 ammat is aunt. The Saxon earn 
 is uncle. Fairfax^: " Daughter, 
 says she, fly, fly, behold thy 
 dame Foreshows the treason of 
 thy wretched eame." tl From 
 the Arabic am, uncle, is Lat. 
 amita, whence the Norman 
 ante [for amte~\ and Engl. 
 aunt." W. IT Al. from avus, 
 for avimita. As Avunculus from 
 avus. 
 
 Amitto, I send away from me, 
 dismiss, let go; suffer to go, 
 let slip, lose. 
 
 Ammodytis, a serpent liv- 
 ing among the sand. 'AppoM- 
 
 Ammoniacus sal, sal-ammo- 
 niac. 'A[A[Jt,MlCtx6v. 
 
 Amnestia, an amnesty. ' A\l- 
 Amnis, a river. From Cel- 
 
 tic avon, 1 whence avnis, am- 
 nis, somewhat as soMnus for 
 soPnus. ^f Al. horn am and no. 
 Qui circumfluit. Wachter calls 
 this an "etymologia percommo- 
 da." He derives the Germ, am 
 from amnis. ^f Al. from am sim- 
 ply. From its circuitous course. 
 % Al. for ambnis fr. ambio or 
 ambe. 
 
 Amo, I love. Properly, I 
 kiss or salute. Plautus : " Sine 
 te amem." And so <piAe«> is 
 properly to kiss. Thus amo is 
 fr. dpuuo, upco, I bring together, 
 I grasp; translated by Damm 
 " colligo, constringo." So dpv\- 
 <Ttxpevo$ in Od. 1, 247, is ex- 
 plained by the Scholiast, <rvve\w 
 Xspc) xoti avvayctydov. So ao-7ra£o- 
 \Lai, I salute, is from a, together 
 (as in aXo^oj,); and (maoo, I draw. 
 If Al. from am — , (as in Amicio) 
 around. I embrace, " amplec- 
 tor." ^f Al. from a, much ; and 
 pdoo, jouw, I desire. 
 
 Amcenus, pleasant, charming. 
 Fr. amo. (Enus being a termi- 
 nation. Or thus : As from Alo 
 is Alomenus, Alumnus : so from 
 Amo may be Amomenus, i\mo- 
 enus, Amcenus. % Al. from 
 ufMsvag, whence dpevioov, ccpslvcov, 
 better. But this does not ac- 
 count for the diphthong.* 
 
 Amdlior> I put (a) out of the 
 
 1 Classical Journal, 3,121. 
 
 2 Al . from the notion of retreats (pro- 
 cul d. moenibus urbis) far from the walls 
 of a city. But A is short . This opposes 
 also another derivation : from the notion 
 of retreats (d munibus) from the offices 
 of life or burdens of the city : " Quod im- 
 munes ibi essent ab oneribus urbanis," 
 says Isaac Vossius. 
 
A MO* 
 
 AMY 
 
 £1 
 
 way (cum qu&dam mole) with an 
 effort or difficulty. Amolior 
 me, I retire. 
 
 Amomum, a small shrub 
 growing in Armenia, used in em- 
 balming; hence used for an 
 ointment. "Apoofiov. 
 
 Ampecto, 1 beat. From am — 
 and pecto, I dress wool. So we 
 say, I give a person a good dress- 
 ing. But the reading of the 
 word is dubious. 
 
 Amphibium, an amphibious 
 animal. 'Appl^m. 
 
 Amphibolia, a discourse of 
 dubious meaning, equivocation. 
 'ApQiPoXlct. 
 
 Amphisb&na, a serpent which 
 had the power of moving either 
 way. 'ApQio-fioiivct. 
 
 Amphitapa, a garment frizzed 
 or shagged on both sides. 'Ap- 
 
 Amphitheatrum, an amphi- 
 theatre. 'AptQiUcLTpQV. 
 
 Amphora, a vessel, flask, bot- 
 tle. Fr. u[A<pops6$. Or, more 
 immediately, from accus. «jx^o- 
 p ea, stptyoga. 
 
 Amplector, I clasp. Fr. am — 
 and plecto. 1 fold myself about 
 another. So Complector. 
 
 Amplexor, fr. plecto, plexum. 
 See above. 
 
 Amplifico, I enlarge. Am- 
 plum or amplius facio. 
 
 Amplio, 1 encrease. Amplias 
 facio. 
 
 Amplio, I delay judgment, 
 adjourn. Fr. amplius. For 
 the praetor pronounced the word 
 Amplius, when the Judices de- 
 clared that a trial must be heard 
 further or more largely another 
 day. 
 
 Amplus, full, large. Fr. fa<k- 
 n\ecto$y ctpirkscos. 
 
 Ampulla, a flask, flagon. As 
 from Puera is Puerula, Puella, 
 so from amphora may be am- 
 phorula, ampholla, whence am- 
 polla, ampulla. % Wachter: 
 "Germ. Bulk, a bowl. From 
 boll, a ball or sphere, and hence 
 anything spherical. Whence 
 also is Latin ampulla." But 
 am, around, seems thus to be 
 needlessly prefixed, ^f Others 
 refer ampulla to ojoupaAoj or to 
 ctpfioov, which both mean a boss. 
 Others to amb and olla : for 
 ambolla. Others to amb merely. 
 Others to otpfiij;, ixo$, a cup 
 with a narrow mouth. % " Ben- 
 son," says Wachter, "notices 
 the Anglo-Sax. ampellan, am- 
 pollan, ampullan." 
 
 Ampulla, bombast. Words 
 swelling out as the ampulla did 
 in the middle. 
 
 Amputo, I lop off around or 
 about. Am-puto. 
 
 Amsegetes, those whose land 
 lies by the high way. That is, 
 those (am — ) about or around 
 whose (segetes) cornfields the 
 high way runs. 
 
 Amtruo, Amptruo, I turn or 
 wheel round in the dance. Fr. 
 trua, a ladle for stirring things 
 round in a pot. 
 
 Amulelum, a charm, spell. 
 For amoletum fr, amolior. That 
 which sends away or dispels 
 poison or enchantment. 
 
 Amurca, lees of oil. For 
 amurga fr. a//,opy>j. 
 
 Amussis : See Appendix. 
 
 Amygdala, an almond. 'Apuy- 
 $#A>j. 
 
22 
 
 AMY 
 
 ANC 
 
 Amylum, a kind of frumenty. 
 
 Amystis, a mode of drinking 
 without drawing the breath ; a 
 bumper. *Apv(TTi$. 
 
 An, whether ? whether. From 
 av, if. An is properly, Quaero 
 an, I ask if. Shakspeare 
 frequently uses an in the sense 
 of If. 
 
 Ana, in equal parts. 'Avoi. 
 
 Anabasius, a courier. *Am^oic. 
 
 Andbdthrum, a pulpit. 'Avd- 
 fiaQpov. 
 
 Andchoreta, a hermit. 'Ava- 
 
 Anddema, atis, a garland, 
 riband. 'Avo^r^u. 
 
 Andglypta, orum, plate em- 
 bossed. 'AvdyXwKTU. 
 
 Anagnosta, a person employ- 
 ed to read to another. *Avol- 
 yvoocrTYis. 
 
 Andlecta, a slave who collects 
 the fragments which are left at 
 table. 'AvcthsxTYj;. 
 
 Andlectrides, little pillows or 
 stuffings which girls set on their 
 shoulders to correct their shape. 
 *Ava\sxTpile$. But the reading 
 is doubtful. 
 
 Andiogia, proportion, resem- 
 blance. 'AvaXoyiot,. 
 
 Anancaum: See Appendix. 
 
 Anapccstus, an anapaest. 'A- 
 vemtaurtos. 
 
 Anas, dtis, a duck. Fr. 
 VYi<ro-ct, iEol. voLwa., transp. av- 
 u(r<r. ^f Some suppose the A 
 added ; and natis to come fr. 
 nato, to swim. Anacreon : "lh 
 nws VYj<r<ra. xoAu//,/3a. So vr\<rcra. 
 is fr. vacy, vfooo, to swim. 
 
 Anathema, atis, a votive of- 
 fering. 'Avufyfiot. 
 
 Anathema, excommunication. 
 
 'AvaQepoi. 
 
 Anatocismus, compound in- 
 terest. ' 'Avoli -Quia -jxd '$. 
 
 Andtomia, anatomy. 'Avot- 
 
 T0[MXY). 
 
 Ancdla, the ham of the leg 
 behind the knee. 'AyxuXri. 
 
 Anceps, ancipitis, having two 
 heads, or a head on either side. 
 Soft for amceps fr. am — , and 
 caput, capitis. So Biceps. In 
 its other senses it is referred to 
 am, and capio, capitum. As 
 seizing us and drawing us both 
 ways, or as capable of being 
 laid hold of on both sides. 
 Hence the notion of doubtful, 
 controverted, hazardous, &c. So 
 Praeceps, Princeps, Particeps. 
 
 Ancile, a small oval shield. 
 For ancisile i. e. amcisile, fr. 
 am — , and c&sum. Forcellini : 
 " Extimam oram undkqua» 
 que recisam habet minutis 
 incisuris." Ovid : " Idque an- 
 cile vocat quod ab omni par- 
 te recisum est." Dacier 
 thinks that the following figure 
 will represent Plutarch's de- 
 scription of it :' (^) 
 
 O 
 
 Ancilla, a maid-servant. Di- 
 minutive of ancula, from an- 
 culo, i. e. amcolo. See Anclo. 
 
 1 Plutarch : 'Aynvkia Ka\od(ri 8ia rb 
 Gxyfia' k{/k\os yap ovk icrriv, ovde airodi- 
 Scccriv, u>s 7T€Att7, tt\v irepicpeptiav, aAA.' 
 iKTo/XT]v %x* 1 ypafifJLTJs eAiKoeidovs, ws at 
 Ktpaiai Kaunas %%ovaai Kal <rvveTri<TTp4- 
 (povaai rr) irvKv677\ri irpbs ctAA^Aas &yKV- 
 Xov rb <TxyfJ>a. iroiovaiy. Some refer an- 
 cile to aynbs, allied to ayicv\os, bent. 
 As Cubo, Cubile. Others to am and 
 Xel^os, a lip. As having a lip all round. 
 
ANC 
 
 ANG 
 
 23 
 
 Ancisus, cut round the edges. 
 For am-cisus. 
 
 Anclo, I wait on, serve. For 
 anculo, i. e. amcolo. 
 
 Anclo, I draw out; drain. 
 But it should in this sense be 
 written antlo, from avrXw. 
 
 Ancon, a promontory. Also, 
 the elbow of a rule where the 
 base and perpendicular meet so 
 as to form a right angle, as in 
 the letter L. 'Ayxoov. 1 
 
 Ancora, an anchor. "Ayxvpct. 
 
 Anculi and Anculce, Gods 
 and Goddesses who ministered 
 to the Dii majorum gentium. 
 Anculi is for ancoli, amcoli ; 
 fr. am-colo. As attending about 
 others. Gr. up.$hoXM. 
 
 Ancus, one whose arms are 
 so curved that he cannot straight- 
 en them. From a word olyxos, 
 allied to uyxoov, the arm held in 
 a bent position. Or from uyxbs, 
 allied to uyxv\o$, bent. 
 
 Anddbdta, a fencer who 
 fought hoodwinked on horse- 
 back. For antabata fr. uvtcl- 
 /3anjs, one who attacks another 
 in front. But, as the idea of 
 fighting on horseback is more 
 prominent, andabata is better 
 supposed to be put for antana- 
 bata, from avTctvufiuTYis, one 
 who mounts against another. 
 Or D is inserted, as in Indigeo ; 
 andandabata is put for anabata 
 from ava/3»T>j?, one who mounts 
 a horse. 
 
 Andraclme, the herb pur- 
 slain. ' Avlpov/yvi. 
 
 1 Ancon is used in various other tech- 
 nical senses, which are all referable to 
 the Greek aynwv. 
 
 Androgi/nus, an hermaphro- 
 dite. 'Avlpoyvvog. 
 
 Andron, that part of the 
 house in which the men resided. 
 'Avtyw, Festus explains it 
 "pars domus longitudine 
 angustior, in qua viri moran- 
 tur." This explanation leads 
 us to the senses of andron, 
 where it means a passage or long 
 gallery ; and a long narrow 
 space left between the walls 
 of two houses for the rain to 
 pass. 
 
 Andronium, " Gr. uvtipooviov, a 
 kind of plaster used for carbun- 
 cles, invented by the physician 
 Andron." Tt. 
 
 Anethum, dill. "Avrfov. 
 
 Anfractus, us, a winding. 
 For am-fr 'actus fr. am — , around. 
 That which is interrupted by 
 breaks in its circuit. 
 
 Angaria, a compelled pro- 
 vision or charge for horses, car- 
 riages, &c. for the public service. 
 1 Ayyctpela. 
 
 Angario, I press horses, 
 teams, &c. for the public service. 
 'Ayyugiocty. 
 
 Angelas, an angel. *Ayye\o$, 
 a messenger. 
 
 Angerona : See Appendix. 
 
 Angina, a quinsy. Fr. ango, 
 I strangle. 
 
 Angiportus, a narrow way or 
 passage. For angustiportus. 
 See portus. % Or angi is fr. an- 
 go, I press close, contract, «y- 
 
 Ango, I press close, strangle ; 
 tighten, straighten ; reduce to 
 straights, press hard, oppress, 
 afflict. *^y%a>. Wachter refers 
 to Germ, angen, and deduces 
 
24 
 
 ANG 
 
 A NO 
 
 all from " the primitive Celtic 
 eng, arctus, constrictus." 
 
 Angor, affliction, anguish. Fr. 
 an go. 
 
 Anguilla, an eel. Fr. an- 
 guis. As being of the same 
 form. ^f Or from eyp^sAu^, 
 whence enguela, as from KiXoo is 
 linGUa. See Anguis. Or from 
 ey%s\vg might have been en- 
 guelula, enguella. 
 
 Anguimdnus, an elephant. 
 " As moving its proboscis, 
 which is in fact its (manus) 
 hand, every way like (anguis) a 
 snake." F. 
 
 Anguis, a snake. Fr. £%%$, 
 whence enguis, as from kiX& is 
 liNGUa ; thence anguis, as 
 Anguilla from "Ey%ekv$, and 
 as Annus from "Evvog. % Al. 
 from a word dyxog, crooked, 
 curved ; allied to oiyxvXog. 
 
 Angulus, a corner. Fr. oly- 
 xvXog, curved. If " Ancient 
 British ongl. This, as well as 
 angulus, from en gen, arcta- 
 re." W. 
 
 Augustus, narrow. Fr. an- 
 gor, as Robustus, Onustus. 
 That is, pressed close. See Ango. 
 
 Anhelo, I pant, puff. Soft 
 for amhelo, i. e. amhalo, I pant 
 all over. 
 
 Anima, breath ; life ; the 
 soul. Fr. animus, or fr. avepog, 
 wind. See Animus. 
 
 Animadvert o, I take notice 
 of; I notice crimes in a judicial 
 manner, I punish. Verto ani- 
 mum ad. 
 
 Animal, an animal. For ani- 
 mate fr. animalis, 
 
 Animalis, having breath. Fr. 
 anima. 
 
 Animitus, cordially. Ex ant' 
 mo. So Funditus. 
 
 Animus, wind, breath; life; 
 spirit, mind ; bold spirit, courage; 
 disposition of the mind gene- 
 rally. Fr. uvspog, wind. Compare 
 tyu%co, to breathe or blow, and 
 tyvxYj, the breath and the soul. 
 So Spiritus, the spirit, and 
 Spiro. 
 
 Anisum, anise. "Avurov. 
 
 Annates, annals. Fr. annus. 
 Histories of things done from 
 one year to another. 
 
 Anniver sarins, yearly. Fr. 
 annus and versus. Returning 
 with the revolution of the year. 
 
 Annona, the year's iucrease, 
 produce of the year, provisions ; 
 the price of provisions ; scarcity 
 or abundance of provisions. Fr. 
 annus. As Pomum, Pomona. 
 
 Annotinus, of a year ; yearly. 
 Fr. annus. So Serus, Seroti- 
 nus. 
 
 Annulus, Anulus, a ring for 
 the finger ; &c. Anulus appears 
 to be a diminutive of anus, 
 which is referred to an, around. 
 An being the same as am, as in 
 Anfractus, Ancile, Anhelo, &c. 
 From an, around, or aneo, to 
 go round, might have been anus, 
 a round figure, a circle, a ring. 
 See Anus, i. 
 
 Annuo, I nod to, I beckon ; 
 I assent to by a nod. For ad- 
 nuo. 
 
 Annus, a year. For ennus fr. 
 svvog, or evog, a year. ^ Al. 
 from anus, a circle. (See An- 
 nulus.) As revolving round and 
 round. * 
 
 Anomalia, an irregularity. 
 'AMftotXiot. 
 
ANQ- 
 
 ANT 
 
 0,5 
 
 Anquiro, I search about. For 
 am-qu&ro. 
 
 Ansa, the handle of a cup. 
 For hansa from hansum supine 
 of hando, whence prehendo. 
 By which we lay hold of. 
 
 Anser, a goose. For hanser, 
 chanser, from xuvo$, (%«vj) gen. 
 of %av, Doric of xyv, a goose. 
 1f Or from the north. " An- 
 cient and modern German, ganz, 
 garit, gans, Armoric ganz, 
 [Engl, gander,] Lat. anser for 
 canser" W. 
 
 An to:, arum, the posts or 
 cheeks of a door ; pillars at the 
 sides of the gates, projecting a 
 little without the wall. Fr. ante. 
 Vitruvius : " In ctntis erit a?des, 
 cum habebit in fronte ant as 
 parietum, qui cellam circumclu- 
 dunt," &c. 
 
 Antarius funis, in Vitruvius, 
 is explained by Ainsworth " fu- 
 nis qui ad antes pertinet." Vos- 
 sius : " Scaliger thinks that an- 
 tarii funes are from ante. But 
 they are ropes which belong to 
 the antes. Or they are from 
 avr«/gco,I raise anything against, 57 
 Or simply from avri. 
 
 Ante, before, opposite to. 
 Fr. avTtx or uvrl. 
 
 Antea, formerly, aforetime. 
 Ante ea negotia aut tempora. 
 Or rather, for ante id factum ea 
 tempestate. So Antehac, Post- 
 hac. 
 
 Antecello, I surpass. Fr. 
 cello, I drive. I drive before 
 another, 1 take the lead, like 
 Anteeo. 
 
 Anttfero, I prefer. That is, 
 I bear in my mind one thing be- 
 fore another. 
 Etym. 
 
 Antehdbeo, I prefer. That 
 is, I hold one thing in estimation 
 before another. 
 
 Antehac, formerly, aforetime. 
 See Antidea. 
 
 Antelogium, a prologue. Fr. 
 ante, and Xoyog, a speech. 
 
 Antenna, Antemna : See Ap- 
 pendix. 
 
 Antepagmenta, or Antipag- 
 menta, garnishing in carved work 
 set on door-posts. Fr. anta, 
 and pago whence pango. Quod 
 adpangitur antis. Or from ante. 
 Gloss. : " Antipagmenta, npo- 
 nYjypaTu" 
 
 Antepono, I prefer» That is, 
 I set one thing in my mind be- 
 fore another. 
 
 Antequam, before that/ be- 
 fore. For ante quam horam. 
 Properly, ante horam qua, hoi a. 
 Or it is a translation of the 
 Greek nrph vj. So Postquarn, 
 Priusquam. 
 
 Anterides, buttresses, props. 
 'AvTYiplhg. 
 
 - Anterior, fore, foremost. 
 Comparative of anterus from 
 ante. 
 
 Antes, turn : See Appendix. 
 
 Antestor, I call another to be 
 a witness to an arrest, &c. by 
 touching the ear. For antetes- 
 tor, 1 make a witness before the 
 trial comes on. Thus antestari 
 is explained by Priscian Trpodia- 
 
 f/,apTVgY$YjVOLl. 1 
 
 Antkias, some fish. 'AvOlcig. 
 Anthrax, a carbuncle. "Av- 
 
 ' Al. for am-testcr. But the reason is 
 not apparent. 
 
 D 
 
«6 
 
 ANT- 
 
 APE 
 
 Antice, forelocks. Fr. ante, 
 
 Anti — , against. 'AvtI. 
 
 Antichthones, the antipodes. 
 ^AvtI^ovsc. 
 
 Antiapo, I take or take in 
 band before another, get the- 
 start of, thwart. For ante-capio. 
 So Occupo. 
 
 Ajitlcus, one who is right 
 against us. Fr. ante. So Post, 
 Posticus. 
 
 Antidea, before this. For 
 ante id factum ed tempestate. 1 
 So Postidea. ^f Al. for anteea, 
 anteDea, antidea. 
 
 Anfideo, for ante id factum 
 eo tempore. ^f Al. for An- 
 teeo, like Antehac. D, as Reeo, 
 Redeo. 
 
 Antidotum, an antidote. 'Av- 
 t/5otov. 
 
 Antigtrio, particularly, very 
 much : i. e., so that one thing 
 (geritur) is done {ante) before 
 anything else. 
 
 Antipodes, the antipodes. 'Av- 
 
 T/7r0§££. 
 
 Antlquo, I annul, repeal. Fr. 
 antiquus. I make old and ob- 
 solete ; I set aside as being ob- 
 solete. On the other hand, an- 
 tiquo is sometimes used of re- 
 jecting a new law and keeping 
 to the old one. Antiqua probo, 
 nihil novi statui volo. in anti- 
 quum morem reduco. 
 
 Antiquus, old, ancient; old- 
 fashioned ; antique. Fr. ante. 
 That which was in the ages be- 
 fore us. It was formerly written 
 anticus. As Amicus, Pudi- 
 cus. 
 
 Antistes, stitis, a president; 
 
 1 Classical Journal, No. 30, p. 352. 
 
 chief priest ; prelate. Fr. ante- 
 sto. As standing before others. 
 Or fr. sisto, stiti. 
 
 Ant I i a, a pump. *Avr\iot. 
 
 Antlo : See Anclo. 
 
 Antrum, a cave. "Avrgov. 
 
 Anulus : See Annulus. 
 
 Anus, us, an old woman. Fr. 
 evo$, a year, as Annus from "Ev- 
 vo$. That is, one in years or 
 full of years. So Vetus from 
 "Eros, Senex from "Evo;, ^f Al. 
 from avovs, silly. 
 
 Anus, i, to Tptyot. A forma 
 orbiculari. Vide Annulus. 
 
 Anxius, harassed, disquieted. 
 Fr. ango, anxi. 
 
 Apage, a vaunt. "Anays. 
 
 Apala or Hapala ova, eggs 
 boiled soft. 'AiraXoi oodi. 
 
 Aparctias, the north wind. 
 'AvotgxTiag. 
 
 Apeliotes, the east wind. 'A-nr^- 
 
 XlWTYlC. 
 
 Ape?', ri, a wild boar. From 
 the North. " Germ, eber, a 
 wild boar. Lat. aper, Franc. 
 ebir, eber. Old Germ, baer, 
 Anglo-Sax. bar, bare. E, a, 
 increase the force of baer, wild. 
 So that eber, aper, is a very 
 wild boar." VV. % Some con- 
 sider aper or aprus put for ca- 
 prus, from xunpos, as olio, was 
 put for yaTa, et/3co for Xslfiu). 
 
 Aptrio, I open. For adpa- 
 rio. From pario, I produce to 
 the light. So Comperio, Ope- 
 rio. 
 
 Apex, dpicis, a little woollen 
 tuft or tassel which the High- 
 priest wore on the top of his 
 cap. As tied with thread : from 
 apo or apio, I bind, tie. Hence 
 apex was used of the top or tip 
 
APE- 
 
 APO 
 
 27 
 
 of anything. So of the mark 
 or accent on the top of letters, 
 as Venit, Venit, Malus, Malus, 
 &c. Hence it was used of let- 
 ters themselves ; and even of 
 letters or epistles. 
 
 Apexabo, orris, a kind of sau- 
 sage. Fr. apex. As being 
 tufted. Varro : " Quod in hoc 
 farcimine summo quiddam emi- 
 net, ab eo, ut in capite apex, 
 apexabo dicta." 
 
 Aphr actus, an open vessel 
 without decks or hatches. "A- 
 
 Aphrodisia, a festival of Ve- 
 nus. 'AQpotiiwot. 
 
 Aphrodita, Venus. *A<ppo- 
 S/r>j . 
 
 Apiana uvae, muscadel grapes. 
 Fr. apis. Pliny : t( Apianis 
 apes dedere cognomen, praecipu^ 
 earum avidae." Apiana is also 
 chamomile, and for the same 
 reason. 
 
 Apiastrum, balm, mint. Fr. 
 apis. From bees being fond of 
 it. Also, wild parsley, from 
 apium. 
 
 Aptca ovis, a kind of sheep 
 which has no wool on the belly. 
 From oineiKos, having no wool. 
 
 Apince, trifles. See the ac- 
 count given by Pliny of this 
 word under Tries*. 
 
 Apinarius, a trifler, buffoon. 
 Fr. apin&. 
 
 Apio : See Apo. 
 
 Apis, a bee. Fr. apo or 
 apio. From the notion of bees 
 hanging together in clusters. 
 Virgil : "Pedibus coNNEXiEad 
 limina pendent." % Al. for opis, 
 ophis fr. olp»j, a serpent. Ana- 
 creon represents Cupid thus. 
 
 speaking of a bee stinging him : 
 "0<ptg ju-' sTvtys fuxpo$ : A small 
 serpent has struck me. 1 
 
 Apiscor, I get, gain. Fr. apio, 
 I tie, join. It seems to mean 
 properly, I come up to a thing, 
 
 JOIN MYSELF to it, touch it. 
 
 Like Gr. unro^ai, to touch, 
 from «7ZTw, to join. Plautus : 
 " Sine me hominem apisci." To 
 come up to, To overtake. 
 
 Apium, parsley. Fr. apio, 
 as binding or crowning the head 
 of conquerors at the games. Or 
 as tying or weaving festive 
 crowns. Horace : " Est in horto, 
 Philli, NECTExNDis apium co- 
 ronis." 
 
 Apluda, Appluda, chaff, 
 husks ; bran. Fr. ad-plaudo. 
 As Ciaudo, Occludo. As being 
 separated from the corn by 
 dashing it with the hands. " Ap- 
 plaudo is properly, I dash one 
 thing with another so as to pro- 
 duce a sound." F. a 
 
 Aplustre, an ornament of a 
 ship fixed up on the top of the 
 stern. Fr. uQXouttov, the high- 
 est part of the stern. As 0gj- 
 A[xfioc, triUmphus. 
 
 Apo or Apio, I bind, tie. 
 Fr. an-To), 1 join, connect, fut. 2. 
 aspeco, or «ttsoj, «m. 
 
 Apocryphus, apocryphal. 'A- 
 n6xpv<po$. 
 
 Apodixis, a demonstration. 
 'Anofo^is. 
 
 1 Isaac Vossius supposes apis put for 
 abis, and quotes the gloss of Hesychius : 
 "A|8eir exeis. Understanding exeis to 
 mean Serpents. Others understand it to 
 mean, You have. 
 
 2 Wachter refers to Celt, blawd, farina. 
 
28 
 
 APO 
 
 APR 
 
 Apodyttrium> the undressing 
 room in baths. ' ATc<&vTr\pw . 
 
 Apolactizo, I kick. 'Ano- 
 Xaxri^co. 
 
 Apolecli, parts of the tunny- 
 fish cut for salting ; and the 
 tunny-fish themselves. Also, 
 the principal Senators. 'Atto- 
 
 hSKTOl. 
 
 ApolUnaris : See Appendix. 
 
 Apollo, Apollo. 'AvoXXcov. 
 
 Apologus, a story contrived 
 to teach some moral truth. % Ait6- 
 Xoyoc. 
 
 Apophoreta, presents given to 
 guests at feasts to carry home 
 with them. ' Aho^g^tol. 
 
 Apoplexia, apoplexy. 'Ano- 
 
 ffA>j£»a. 
 
 Aporidtio, doubt. Fr. utto- 
 glu. 
 
 Apostdta, an apostate. 'Ano- 
 
 Apostolus, an apostle. *Aito- 
 
 GTOXOC. 
 
 Apotheca, a storehouse ; safe ; 
 winecellar, 'AttoQyjxyj. 
 
 Appdrdtt, sumptuously. Fr. 
 adparo. With great prepara- 
 tion. 
 
 Apparitor, a beadle, serjeant, 
 marshal. Qui paret L e. adest 
 magistratui. See Pareo. 
 
 Appello, as, I call to, call ; I 
 call upon, entreat, appeal to. 
 Hence, I address or speak to, 
 generally. As from Duco, is, 
 we have Educo, as, so from 
 pello, is, we may have Appello, 
 as. Accordingly Ains worth 
 explains appello, " ad me pello," 
 that is, 1 urge to come to me, 
 and so call to. So Accieo, I 
 call, is Cieo ad me. So xuXsco, 
 1 call, is from xsXXw, I drive, 
 
 urge, fut. 2. xuXioo or xaXai. 
 Damm : " KaXew, venire jubeo, 
 voco. A xeXoo. Homer : Avrog 
 <rs xaXii, hortatur ut ad se-ve- 
 nias." Lennep : " KaXeao dif- 
 fers only in form from xsXXoo, I 
 impel." % A\. from nsXctvi, 
 neXm, I draw near. • *j[ "From 
 Hebrew PLL, i. e. pilel, to ad- 
 dress." Becman. 
 
 Appendix, an addition. Fr. 
 adpendeo. That which hangs 
 at the side of something else. 
 
 Appeto, I vehemently desire. 
 I aim at, assail, attack, strike at. 
 Hence, I come near to or I 
 come up to anything. Tacitus : 
 u Appetente jam luce." Light 
 now coming up, It becoming 
 now light. 
 
 Appias, adis, Venus to whom 
 a temple was built at the Appia 
 Aqua. Hence prostitutes were 
 called Appiades. 
 
 Appiosus, 
 
 Applico, I apply, attach, bring 
 near or in contact with ; apply 
 to for help. Properly, (plico) 
 I twine one thing (ad) about ano- 
 ther. Or, I bring one thing to 
 another and twine them so that 
 they become attached. 
 
 Applodo, for adplaudo. 
 
 Apprlme, particularly. Fr. 
 ad and primus. In the very 
 first place. Ad increases the 
 sense. 
 
 Apricus, sunny, exposed to 
 the sun. From aperw, whence 
 apericus, apricus, as Amicus, 
 Pudicus, Anticus. Open and 
 so exposed to the sun. 
 
 Aprilis: See Appendix. 
 
 Apronia, 
 
 Apr v gnus, belonging to a 
 
APT- 
 
 AQU 
 
 29 
 
 boar. Fr. aper, apri. See 
 Abiegnus. 
 
 Apto, I fit, adapt. That is, 
 I make one thing (upturn) fitted 
 to another. Or apto is fr. 
 apio, upturn, as Verto, Versum, 
 Verso. 
 
 Apt us, bound or fastened 
 close, attached closely, adhering 
 tightly; well suited, fitted, ap- 
 posite, proper, convenient, Fr. 
 apio, apitum, upturn. % Al. 
 from d-Kjog fr. v^ttou pp. of 
 
 CtTITCO. 
 
 Apud, at, close by, near. 
 For aput fr. apio, apitum, to 
 join. As from Jungo is Juxta. 
 IT Al. soft for adpud from ad 
 pedes. At the feet of another. 
 
 Apijrinus, having no or little 
 kernel. 'Airupivo$. 
 
 Aqua, water. Fr. alxvia, 
 equal, level ; as iEquor from 
 JEquus. Hence axula, (as from 
 olxeio; is oxslog, whence Sccius,) 
 aqua. % Al. from kya, Doric 
 of r^yji, sound. From the mur- 
 mur of flowing water, ^f Al. 
 from the North. "Acha, (Germ.) 
 a stream, and all flowing water. 
 Horn, in Lex. Ant. Brit. : 
 * Aches, rivus, flumen.' Gloss. 
 Keron.: 'Flumina,«/i«.' Streams 
 were called by the Goths ah- 
 Wa." W. » 
 
 AquaUculus, the lower part 
 of the belly ; the stomach, ven- 
 tricle. " Quia, ut aqualis a- 
 quani, sic ea pars urinam fun- 
 
 1 " Aqua is from the pure monosyllable 
 in our language, A, water. Then AA, 
 flowing water. Then AHA. Then from 
 AHVA is AQUA." Stiernhielm, as 
 quoted by Wachter on Aclia. % Al. 
 from « xoa, the pouring, the stream. 
 
 dat." V. "As being the cis- 
 tern and containers of the excre- 
 ments." Tt. 
 
 Aqualis, a waterpot, ewer. 
 Fr. aqua. As iEqua, iEqualis. 
 
 Aquariolus, qui se prrebet 
 ministrum meretrici. " Proprie, 
 quod aquam ferret meretrici, 
 qua Veneri operata indigeret ad 
 sese eluendam. Flinc apud 
 Plautum meretrix : A^erunda- 
 -que aqua sunt viri duo defessi. 
 Savaro scribit aquariolos dictos, 
 quia ad aquas versarentur mere- 
 tricum gratia qua? olim cellas 
 suas in acta sen littore consti- 
 tuebant. Cicero: In acta cum 
 mulierculis jacebat ebrius," V. 
 
 Aquifolius, having sharp 
 pointed leaves. Fr. acuifolius. 
 Acuus from acuo, as Noceo, 
 N ecu us. 
 
 Aquila, an eagle. Fr. a qui- 
 lus. From its tawny color. 
 Homer has uUto$ alQcov, a tawny 
 eagle, ^f Al. from ay op, the 
 Cretan word for eagle ; whence 
 aquor, (as perhaps loQUorfrom 
 XoTos) and aquila, somewhat as 
 Viola from "Iov, Dacier thus : 
 " Agor, R changed to L, agol, 
 agul, aqulf aquila.'" 
 
 Aquila, a silver eagle with 
 expanded wings placed on the 
 top of a spear, and used as the 
 standard of the Roman legions. 
 Hence aquila is used for a le- 
 
 Aquilex, aquilegis and aqui- 
 licis, one skilled (legendo) in 
 seeking out and collecting or 
 (eliciendo) in bringing out (venas 
 aquarum) springs to form aque- 
 ducts. 
 
 Aqmlicium is said, when 
 
30 
 
 AQU- 
 
 AHC 
 
 (aqua) water (elicitur) is drawn 
 down from Heaven by prayers 
 in a time of drought. 
 
 Aquilo, the north- wind. Soft 
 for aquiro (as telPtov, liLium) 
 fr. uxipbg, which is explained by 
 Hesychius 6 /3oppa£, the north 
 wind, ^f Wachter understands 
 aquilo to mean properly the 
 north, and derives it from aqui- 
 lus : " Quia nox atra ibi do- 
 minatur." ^f Al. from aquila. 
 The rapid blasts of this wind 
 being compared to an eagle. 
 This would be very well as a 
 poetical allusion, but is hardly 
 solid enough to allow of a word 
 to be founded on it. 
 
 Aquilus, dark, dun, tawny. 
 From aqua. That is, some- 
 what of the color of water. 
 Homer has jxsAav vticop, black 
 water. ^f Al. from aquila. 
 From the tawny color of the 
 eagle. 
 
 Aquirninarium, a ewer, basin. 
 As containing (aquam) water 
 for washing (manus) the hands. 
 Plautus : " Date aquam mani- 
 bus." 
 
 Ara, an altar. Fr. a'ipco, I 
 raise. Or from aeipco, I raise. 
 ^f Al. from otpu, a prayer, impre- 
 cation. *J Al. cut down from 
 acerra, which is explained by 
 Festus, " ara quae ante mor- 
 tuum ponisolebat, in qua odores 
 incendebantur." * 
 
 1 Varro says that ara was anciently 
 written asa; and Macrobius suggests that 
 asa was for ansa, as being that which was 
 handled. Virgil: "Talibus orantem dic- 
 tisa?'as</M£TENENTEM." Plautus : "Tene 
 aram banc : Teneo: Dejura te mihi ar- 
 gcntum daturum." 
 
 Ardbarches: See Alabarches; 
 
 Arachne, a kind of sundial. 
 Fr. uqd'xyrij a spider. Its lines 
 representing those of a spider's 
 web. 
 
 Aranea, a spider. Soft for 
 arachnea fr. apayy^ Or from 
 the adjective apd^vsios, ocpd^vsia, 
 whence arachnea. 
 
 Aratrum, a plough. Fr. aro, 
 aratum. 
 
 Arbiter, a referee, arbitrator. 
 Soft for adbiter fr. bito, I go. 
 One to whom parties go for his 
 opinion. It is used also for a 
 spy, a seer, a witness to a sight. 
 That is, one who goes to a place 
 to be on the look out, and see 
 what is going on. Plautus : 
 " Mihi arbitri vicini sunt, mese 
 quid fiat domi." 
 
 Arbitror, I judge a case, am 
 of opinion. Ago partes arbi- 
 tri. 
 
 Arbor, a tree. For arvor fr. 
 arvum. Exodus : " The hail 
 brake every tree of the 
 field." Ezekiel: "The tree 
 of the field shall yield her 
 fruit." " All the trees of the 
 field shall know, &c." Joel: 
 " All the trees of the field 
 are withered." Arvum, as well 
 as field in these passages, 
 may mean tillable ground, 
 covered by nature or planted by 
 man with trees. 
 
 Arbustum, 2l plantation, shrub- 
 bery. Fr. arbos, whence arbo- 
 setum, arbostum, arbustum. As 
 Salix, Salicis, Salicetum, Salic- 
 tum. 
 
 Arbutus, 
 
 Area, a chest, coffer, desk. 
 Fr. arceo or apxsoo, I keep in, 
 
ARC 
 
 A HP 
 
 31 
 
 shut in. ^[ Or ft. apxog allied 
 to egxog, that which inclo- 
 ses. 'Apxsco and epxsca were 
 allied. ^f Wachter notices 
 the Welsh arch, .Anglo-Sax. 
 earc, erce. And Goth, arka, 
 "locuh." 
 
 Area, a kind of square boun- 
 dary to grounds, constructed in 
 the form (area) of a chest. 
 
 Arcanus, secret, close. As 
 kept (area) in a chest. So Op- 
 pidum, Oppidanus. 
 
 Arceo, 1 keep off, ward off; 
 I keep in, restrain. 'Agxew. 
 
 Arctra, a sedan, litter. Fr. 
 area. As being closed in on 
 all sides like a chest. Era, as 
 in € £<77r£ga, Patera, ^f Al. from 
 arcus, from its being arched. 
 
 Arcesso, I call for, invite, 
 summon; summon to a court 
 of justice. Fr. arcio for adeio (as 
 Arbiter was said for Adbiter, 
 Arfari for Affari) fr. cio. From 
 arcio was arcesso, as Capio, Ca- 
 pesso. Compare Accio. 
 
 Archaicus, old-fashioned, 
 plain. 'Apxaixos. 
 
 Archangetus, an archangel. 
 'Ap^uyysXos. 
 
 Archihuleum metrum, a me- 
 tre said to have been not so 
 much invented as used by some 
 poet named Archibulus. 
 
 Archeota, Archiota, a keeper 
 of records. 'Ap^siooT^. 
 
 Archetypum, an original copy. 
 
 3 Ap^ETU7T0V. 
 
 Archiatrus, a chief physician. 
 'Agxiurpjs.^ 
 
 Archimdgirus, a chief cook. 
 'ApyjfAtxysigog. 
 
 Archtmandrlta, the chief of 
 a convent. ' Apyi^OLvlplTf^. 
 
 Arclatectus, a contriver of a 
 building, architect; deviser, au- 
 thor of anything." '^^irexraw. 
 
 Archivum, a place where the 
 public records were kept. For 
 archium fr. «gp^iov. 
 
 Archon, a chief-magistrate at 
 Athens. "Apxcov. 
 
 Arcio : See Arcesso. 
 
 Arciva or Arcula avis, a bird 
 which in the auspices forbad 
 anything to be done. Fr. arceo, 
 I drive off, repel, forbid. 
 
 Arcto, I draw close or tight. 
 Arctum facio. 
 
 Arctophylax, a constellation 
 near the Greater Bear. y Apx~ 
 T0<puAa£. 
 
 Arctos, the constellation of 
 the Bear. *AgxTo$. 
 
 Arcturus, a star in the con- 
 stellation of Bootes. 'ApxTOv- 
 pog. 
 
 Arctus, restrained, confined, 
 tight, close. Fr. arceo, arcitum, 
 arctum, to keep in, restrain. 
 
 Arcuo, I bend in the form 
 (arcus) of a bow, I curve. 
 
 Arcus, a bow ; an arch. From 
 spxo;, that which shuts in, inclo- 
 ses. The inclosure made by 
 the teeth is called by Homer 
 epxog olovTViv. A for E, as in 
 Annus from *Evvo$. And aspi- 
 rate dropt, as in Ulcus from 
 "E\xo$. ^f Al. ab arcendis hos- 
 tibus. % Festus understands 
 an arch to be the primary mean- 
 ing: i( Quia continet se. Ar- 
 cere est contineie." 
 
 Ardea, a heron, hern. For 
 erdea fr. spootiioc, eg$io$. So An- 
 nus from *Evvo$. 
 
 Ardelio, a busybody, inter- 
 meddler, trifler. Fr. aphuXo;, 
 
32 
 
 ARD 
 
 ARG 
 
 vain, futile. Hesychius: 'Aq- 
 
 Ardeo, I glow, burn, blaze ; 
 glow with heat or fervor ; 
 with the fervor of passion, love, 
 &c. Fr. aridus, ardus. Pro- 
 perly, to be dried up, scorched 
 with heat; and hence to glow, 
 to burn with heat. 
 
 Arduus, high, lofty, steep. 
 Fr. clplr\v, high, aloft. As Muto, 
 Mutuus. «[J Al. from Goth. 
 hard, difficult. 
 
 Area : See Appendix. 
 
 Area, the scald on the head, 
 leaving (aream) a large flat 
 place on it, without hair. Mar- 
 tial : " Nee ullus In longa pilus 
 area notatur." 
 
 Arena, Harena, sand, grit. 
 Fr. areo. As Habeo, Habena. 
 Horace has Arenles arenas. 7. 
 
 Arena, the part of the amphi- 
 theatre where the gladiators 
 fought, which was covered with 
 
 SAND. 
 
 Areo : See Appendix. 
 
 Areopagus, a council of judges 
 which met on Mars- Hill at 
 Athens. y Ageio7rayo$. 
 
 Arepennis, Arpennis, Ar pen- 
 turn, half an acre. Columella 
 states it to be a Gaulish word. 
 And the French to this day, ob- 
 serves H. Stephens, say arpent. 
 
 1 Al. from ardca. Like the ardea, 
 flitting about and roving everywhere. 
 Al. from ardeo. " Quod ardore quodam 
 omnia occipiat, nihil peragat." Ainsw. 
 
 2 It is an objection, but not an insupe- 
 rable one, that the A in area is long. And 
 also that harena was a common mode of 
 writing. Varro says that harena was the 
 Etruscan faseha. Asena might come 
 fr. tierce fut. of &£&>, I dry. Or from afylvu, 
 I dry ; whence &£aiva, Ozena, asena. 
 
 Ares, Mars. "Aqr\;. 
 
 Aretalogus. " Fr. cxper)), vir- 
 tue ; \6yoc, a discourse. Not 
 as if such a person were a true 
 philosopher, but that he dis- 
 puted at table very grandly 
 about virtue among persons 
 stuffed with good eating. Or it 
 is for areslalogus, from apsa-xtx, 
 pleasing or pleasant things, and 
 Xoyo$, a discourse. One who 
 says pleasant or agreeable things. 
 The word was coined by the 
 Romans." V. It is explained 
 by Forcellini, " placita lo- 
 quens ad sui ostentationem et 
 aiiorum oblectationetn." 
 
 Areum judicium, the judg- 
 ment of the court of Areopagus. 
 See Areopagus. 'Apsio$ means, 
 appertaining to Mars. 
 
 Argei, places at Rome where 
 were the remains of certain illus- 
 trious Argives. From 'Apyftot, 
 Argives. 3 
 
 Argennum, white, or very 
 white silver. Fr. apysvvbv, 
 white. 
 
 Argentaria, a banking-house. 
 Fr. argentum. 
 
 Argentum, silver. Fr. argens 9 
 entis, from argeo formed from 
 apyo$, white, whence upyvpog, 
 silver. Or from upyYjsig, apy?is, 
 gen. apyyvTOs, white. 
 
 Argestes, the North-west . 
 wind. ' 'AoyeffTY};. 
 
 Argilla, white clay. "ApyiX- 
 
 3 Argei was also put for wicker sta- 
 tues of thirty men of ancient times 
 thrown annually into the Tiber by the 
 Vestals. Whether with any allusion to 
 the same Argives, seems altogether un- 
 known. 
 
ARG- 
 
 ■ARM 
 
 33 
 
 Argumentum, an argument, 
 reason, proof; matter taken in 
 hand to prove ; a subject for 
 treating of and proving, theme, 
 argument ; the device or subject 
 of a picture. Fr. arguo, I prove. 
 
 Arguo, I make clear or evi- 
 dent, prove ; prove another to 
 be guilty, convict; impeach. 
 Fr. apyog, white, clear, ^f Al. 
 from uyopsuoo, I discourse, con- 
 tracted to agysvcso. 
 
 Argutus, quick, ready, inge- 
 nious, smart, witty ; too ready 
 in talking, chattering, noisy, 
 loud, clamorous, piping, shrill. 
 Fr. arguo, argutum. Properly, 
 one who is ready at proving 
 anything. The sense of shrill 
 may be from that of clear, as 
 Arguo is to make clear. 
 
 Argyraspides, a company of 
 soldiers with silver shields. 9 Ap- 
 yvga.(T7r$E$. 
 
 Aridus, dry. Fr. areo. As 
 Liveo, Lividus. 
 
 Aries, a ram ; a battering- 
 ram, having a head and horns 
 like those of a ram. Fr. hupotog 
 or sppoi$, or eppooog, or up^, a 
 ram. Ares appears to have 
 been the ancient word, ^f Al. 
 from "Apqs, "Apso$, Mars, or 
 from apeiog, warlike. As being 
 an animal disposed to fight. 
 
 Arieto, 1 push or butt as a 
 ram. Fr. aries, ietis. 
 
 Arilator, Arrilator, a broker 
 who in buying, instead of paying 
 on the spot, puts it off by giving 
 (arram) a pledge. 
 
 Ariolus: See Hariolus. 
 
 Arista : See Appendix. 
 
 Aristolochia, the herb heart- 
 wort. *Apl<7T0\6^SlU. 
 
 Etym, 
 
 Arithmttica, arithmetic. '^p»0- 
 
 Arma, orum, arms, armour, 
 instruments or implements of 
 war ; implements of agriculture, 
 &c. The proper meaning seems 
 to be that of instruments ; and 
 arma seems to come from up^xi 
 pp. of apw, I fit out, instruo, 
 whence u§[asvu are implements 
 or instruments. % Al. from ar- 
 mus, as properly said of such 
 armour as protected the arms. 1 
 ^f Al. for arcima fr. arceo. In- 
 struments for repelling. So 
 Glubo, Glubima, Gluma. 
 
 Armamaxa, a Persian chariot 
 or litter. 'Appa^agci. 
 
 Armament a, orum, imple- 
 ments of agriculture, shipping, 
 Sec. Fr. armo, are, from arma» 
 We have Oblectamentum from 
 Oblecto. 
 
 Armamentarium, an arsenal, 
 place where the implements of 
 war are deposited. Fr. arma- 
 menta. See Arma. 
 
 Armarium, a place where 
 any (arma) articles of dress, &c, 
 are deposited. 
 
 Armentum, cattle, herd of 
 cattle. For ar amentum fr. aro. 
 As useful for ploughing. 
 
 Armilausa, - 
 
 Armiila, a bracelet or ring 
 worn (Isevo armo) on the left 
 arm by soldiers who had dis- 
 
 1 Wachter too remotely: " Cum bra- 
 chia sint arma hominis prima etnaturalia, 
 quibus a natura ad propellendas injurias 
 prae ceteris animantibus instructus est, 
 nomen suum omnibus instrumentis, quibus 
 injuria propellitur, communicare potue- 
 runt." 
 
34 
 
 ARM- 
 
 ARS 
 
 tinguished themselves in battle ; 
 and by women. 
 
 Armillum, a vessel for wine 
 carried (super armos) on the 
 shoulders at sacrifices. 
 
 Armo, I equip, tit out, espe- 
 cially (armis) with armour. Or 
 armo may be from a word ap- 
 /xeco, upfxco, formed from ccpco, 
 agpou. See Arma. 
 
 Armoracia : See Appendix. 
 
 Annus, an arm or shoulder. 
 " Fr. a^jxor, compages. For it 
 signifies properly the knitting of 
 the shoulder with the arm." F. 
 " Tota compago ab humeris us 
 que ad pugnum. Brachium quia 
 est nisi talis compago r " W. 
 % 'Appo), the upper part of the 
 shoulders, is quoted by Donne- 
 gan. fl Al. from the North. 
 " Goth, arm, Anglo-Sax. earm, 
 eorm." W. 
 
 Aro, I plough, 'Agocm, upco. 
 
 Aroma, dtis, a sweet spice or 
 herb. * Apca^a. 
 
 Arquatus, arched. For ar- 
 cuatus. 
 
 Arquatus morbus, the jaun- 
 dice. " Because the color of 
 the eyes is like (arcus) a rain- 
 bow, or from the rainbow- 
 like arch which is under the 
 eyelid in this disease." Tt. 
 
 Arquus, the same as arcus. 
 
 Arra: See Arrha. 
 
 Arrha, Arra, abbreviated 
 from arrhabo. 
 
 Arrhdbo, a token or pledge ; 
 an earnest or earuestpenny 
 given in token of payment. 'Ap- 
 pafiwv. 
 
 Arrigo, I lift or raise up; 
 raise another's spirits, encou- 
 rage. For adrego. I raise 
 
 right up or upright. See Rego 
 and Rectus. 
 
 Arrilator : See Arilator. 
 
 Arrogantia, pride, presump- 
 tion. Fr. arrogans, antis. 
 
 Arrogo, I claim to myself; 
 claim more than ] have a right 
 to, arrogate. 1 arrogate unrea- 
 sonably. Valde rogo quod 
 juris mei est, I ask my right, I 
 ask to be given to me. So we 
 use to Ask of claiming. Todd : 
 " To Ask: to demand, to 
 claim. As, To ask a price 
 for goods. Dryden: He saw 
 his friends, who, whelm'd be- 
 neath the waves, Their funeral 
 honors claim'd and ask'd 
 their quiet graves." 
 
 Arrogo, I confer or bestow 
 on another. Horace : " For- 
 tuna . . . Laudetn et optatum 
 peractis Jmperiis decus arroga- 
 vit" That is, decreed, assign- 
 ed by vote or decree. See Ro- 
 
 g°- 
 
 Arrogo, I adopt, take another 
 as my son by adoption. Fr. 
 rogo. For it was necessary 
 (rogare) to ask the people or to 
 propose a bill to the people to 
 be able to do so. 
 
 Arrugia, a gold-mine. Ap- 
 parently corrupted from auro- 
 rugia, from uvpov or aurum, and 
 ogvyy), a digging. 
 
 Ars, artis, contrivance, me- 
 thod, skill, science, industry, oc- 
 cupation. Fr. aprui pp. of txpoo, 
 I fit one thing to another. Or. 
 fr. StpTsco, whence agTeopcti, I 
 put in order, prepare. Faccio- 
 lati : " From cigw, whence a 
 word up$, uqros, ars, artis, nec- 
 tendi et apte copulandi ratio." 
 
ARS 
 
 ARV 
 
 35 
 
 Arsenicum, arsenic. Af><re- 
 
 VlXOVe 
 
 Artaba, an Egyptian measure. 
 'ApTafiri. 
 
 Artemisia: See Appendix. 
 
 Artctnon, the mizzen-sail ; 
 pulley of a crane. 'Aprefujov. 
 
 Arteria, the gullet, windpipe ; 
 an artery. 'ApTviglot. 
 
 Arthritis, the gout. *ApQgiTi$. 
 
 Articulatim, piece-meal. Fr. 
 articulus. Joint by joint, limb 
 by limb. 
 
 Articulo, I utter distinctly. 
 That is, divido in articulos. I 
 bring out my words syllable by 
 syllable. 
 
 Articulus, a small (artus) 
 joint, limb, or knot; a small 
 limb or clause of speech ; a 
 small portion of time, instant, 
 moment; the fit moment, the 
 nick of time ; the hinge on 
 which a cause hangs, the impor- 
 tant point ; a case or point in. a 
 law, a law being made up of 
 several cases or points. Julian: 
 <f Non possunt omnes articuli 
 singulation legibus comprehen- 
 di :" A law cannot state singly 
 every possible case which may 
 belong to it. 
 
 Artrfex, artificisy an artificer, 
 artist. Qui facit aliquid arte 
 seu per art em, 
 
 Artio, I drive in so as to fit 
 tight. For arc t io fr, arctus. 
 
 ArtocopuSfii breadcutter. \Ap- 
 
 Artocreas, a meatpie. 'Ag- 
 Toxpsxg. 
 
 Artolagarius f a cheesecake, 
 pancake. 'AqroXotyuvog. 
 
 Artopta, a vessel in which 
 bread is baked. MgTowrjjj. 
 
 Artotyrita, heretics who of- 
 fered on the altar (ugTov) bread 
 and (rvpov) cheese. 
 
 Artuatus, torn to pieces. Fr. 
 artus. Torn limb by limb. 
 
 Artus : for arctus. 
 
 Artus, us, a joint; limb; 
 knot. Fr. apTou pp. of upoo, I 
 knit, join. As from a. 1. p. 
 apflrjv is clpQpov, a joint, ^f Al. 
 from arto, i. e. arcto, coarcto, 
 arcth compingo. 
 
 Arvales Fratres, a college or 
 priesthood who made public 
 sacrifices for the prosperity (ar- 
 vorum) of the fields. 
 
 Arvina, fat, grease, suet. 
 Fr. arvis, (as Ovis, Ovina,) soft 
 for arvix. Or for arvigina from 
 arvix, arvigis. Properly, the 
 fat of rams, ^f Hesychius states 
 that the Sicilians said upfilvct for 
 flesh. 
 
 Arvix, a ram. Fr. «pi£, V 
 added as in Sylva, Arvum. 
 
 AruncuSfB. goat's beard. For 
 arungus fr. olpvyyos, Doric for 
 fyvyyos. So Spelunca from 
 ^7r^Kuyya. 
 
 Arundo: See Appendix. 
 
 Aruspex, Hdruspex, icis, a 
 soothsayer. Fr. arvix or arvis, 
 a ram, was arviga, a victim at 
 a sacrifice, that victim being 
 properly a ram. From arviga, 
 aruiga, a ruga, and specio, was 
 arugispex, aruspex, one who 
 augured from victims as they 
 were slain, ^f Al. from ara and 
 specio. From observing the 
 entrails on the altar. But A 
 should thus rather be long. 
 
 Arvum, a field ploughed but 
 not yet sown ; ground which 
 may be ploughed ; a field gene- 
 
36 
 
 ARX 
 
 •ASS 
 
 rally. As from Cado is Cadivum, 
 so from aro is arivum, whence 
 arvum. ^f Wachter states the 
 Celt, erw to be the same as 
 arvum, and refers both to Celt. 
 ar, terra, arvum. He notices 
 also the northern orva, urva, to 
 plough. 
 
 Arx, arcis, a lofty place, 
 height, steep ; citadel. Fr. 
 axpot, (transp. upxu) the summit 
 of a mountain, and also a citadel. 
 ^f Or fr. egxoc, an inclosed 
 place, ^f Or fr. arceo, or agxsoo. 
 A place for repelling enemies. 
 ^f Or fr. cigyyco, aprfew, (ccpga,) 
 to repel or to defend. 
 
 As, assis: See Appendix. 
 
 Asarotum, floor variegated 
 with pebbles or tiles of different 
 colors. 'A<ragcoT0V. 
 
 AscauleSy a bagpiper. 'Avk- 
 auKr^g. 
 
 Ascendo, I mount. For ad- 
 scando. 
 
 Ascia, a chip-axe. For as- 
 cina, acsina, u%lvu. % Or for 
 acsia, axia, from afco fut. of 
 ay a, I break, ^f Or from the 
 North. Anglo-Sax. ax, eax, 
 <zcse, acse, acas, acase. 1 Acse, 
 transp. asce, would give ascia. 
 Or ascia, transp. acsia, would 
 flow from acse. 
 
 Ascopera, a leathern bag. 'A<r- 
 xo7rf)pa. 
 
 Asellus, a young ass. For 
 asinellus fr. asinus. Also, some 
 fish. From its being, says 
 Varro, of the color of the ass. 
 See above. 
 
 Asilus, 
 
 Asinus, an ass. From atriv^, 
 harmless, ^f Al. from the north. 
 " Welsh and Armoric asen, 
 Goth, asil, Germ, esel, Anglo- 
 Sax, assa." W. 2 
 
 Asinus, a mill-stone. Like 
 Gr. ovo$, which embraces both 
 of the senses of asinus. 
 
 Asio : See Appendix. 
 
 Asotus, prodigal. *A<tcotos. 
 
 Asparagus, asparagus. 'A<r- 
 irupuyog. 
 
 Asper, rough, rugged, harsh. 
 For asperus fr. cUvnopoc, unfit for 
 sowing, as properly applied to 
 rugged or craggy places. 
 
 Aspernor, I shun, avoid, des- 
 pise. For adspernor fr. sperno. 
 Ac? amplifies. 
 
 Aspiro, I breathe or blow 
 upon. I favor, am propitious 
 to, from the notion of gales 
 blowing on the sails of a ship. 
 I aspire to, desire to approach 
 or come up to, from the notion 
 of panting after anything. I ap- 
 proach or come up to, properly 
 to that which I have panted after. 
 For adspiro. Celsus : "Ut ne ad 
 eum frigus aspiret." 
 
 Aspis, an asp. 'Airiris» 
 
 Aspratiles pisces, scale-fish. 
 Fr. aspero, aspro, avi. The 
 scales being rough. So Voio, 
 Volatiles. 
 
 Assecla, a lackey, menial. For 
 adsecula, adsequula, fr. adse- 
 quor. 
 
 Assefolium, • 
 
 Assentior, I agree to, assent. 
 That is, (sentio) I think (ad) 
 
 Wachter in Axt. 
 
 2 " From Hebr. atkon, as Greek 2tbs 
 for Qe6s" Ainsw. 
 
ASS- 
 
 ASS 
 
 37 
 
 according to the standard of 
 another. 
 
 Assentor, I agree to, like as- 
 sentio. Also, i agree with 
 another for the sake of fawning 
 and flattery, I flatter. 
 
 Asser, a small beam ; pole, 
 lever. Fr. assero, 1 join, apply to, 
 lay close with. " Quod asseri- 
 tur i. e. adjungitur parieti trabi- 
 busque," says Ainsworth. That 
 is, from assero, as from Aggero 
 is Agger. In Greek (TTpooTYipsg 
 (from (TTgocti, eo-TpcoToti, to strew,) 
 are joists which rest on the 
 larger beams in floors and ceil- 
 ings : and laths which support 
 the tiles of roofs. And Vos- 
 sius explains asseres " crassi- 
 or angustaque materies, quae 
 trabibus insterni solet." Gloss. 
 Philox. : " Asseres, xovtq), &o- 
 xo», o-TpwTYipes" Gloss. Cyrill. : 
 " HrpooTrigss, asseres." 
 
 Assero manu, I take another 
 by the hand, and (adsero mihi, 
 join to myself, or) draw near 
 me, and place my hand on his 
 head, and so declare him free. 
 Hence assero in libertatem, I 
 make a slave free. And assero 
 simply. 
 
 Assero, I claim. Properly, I 
 join to or connect with myself, I 
 take to myself. Also, 1 main- 
 tain, defend, vindicate. I main- 
 tain an argument, affirm, assert. 
 
 Assero, I assign, attribute. 
 Seneca : " Hasc non nego sen- 
 tire sapientem : nee enim la- 
 pidis illi dijritiam asserimus :" 
 Nor do we connect or couple 
 with a wise man the idea of un- 
 feelingness. Forcellini explains 
 it by «* adjungo." 
 
 Assevero, I assert positively. 
 That is, I affirm (severe) rigidly. 
 Ad amplifies. 
 
 Assiduus, diligent, incessant, 
 perpetual. Fr. adsedeo, as Muto, 
 Mutuus. From the notion of sit- 
 ting closely at any occupation. 
 But assiduus was used anciently 
 for a wealthy man or one of the 
 higher class, and is derived by 
 some from asses duo i. e. do. 
 Charisius : " Cum a Servio po- 
 pulus in quinque classes esset 
 divisus ut tributum, prout quis- 
 que possideret, inferret; ditio- 
 res, qui asses dabant, assidui dicti 
 sunt." JBecman derives it in 
 this sense also from adsedeo. 
 As properly said of one who 
 has nothing to do but to sit idly 
 at home, opposed to the poor 
 who toil and work. Gellius 
 uses assiduus of a writer of the 
 higher class : " Classicus assi- 
 duusque aliquis scriptor." 
 
 Assigno, I assign, appoint, 
 allot, distribute, bestow. Fr. 
 sigrium. Properly said of fields 
 marked out by certain bounda- 
 ries and distributed to indivi- 
 duals. 
 
 Assigno, I impute, attribute, 
 ascribe, lay the blame on. Fr. 
 signum. I mark or set down a 
 thing (ad) to the account of 
 another. 
 
 Assis, a board, plank. Soft 
 for axis. Assis and axis are 
 frequently confounded. 
 
 Assisto, I assist, help. That 
 is, (sisto) I stop or stand (ad) by 
 the side of another. 
 
 Asso, I roast, broil. Assum 
 facio. As Arcto is Arctum facio. 
 See Assus. 
 
38 
 
 ASS- 
 
 AST 
 
 Assuefdcio, I accustom. As- 
 suetum facio, assuetifacio. 
 
 Assula, a thin (assis or as- 
 ser,) board; a lath, shingle ; a 
 splinter, shiver. 
 
 Assuldtim, in pieces, to atoms. 
 Fr. assula. in shivers or splin- 
 ters. 
 
 Assus, dry ; roasted, broiled. 
 For arsus l from ardeo, arsum. 
 As Pansum becomes Passum, 
 That is, scorched, burnt up. 
 Assa nittrii:, is a dry-nurse. 
 Assi lapides, a dry wall, wall 
 without cement. And hence 
 perhaps assa vox is said of the 
 voice iu singing unaccompanied 
 with any musical instrument; 
 and assa tibia of a flute unac- 
 companied by the human voice. 
 Some understand these last 
 senses to flow from the notion 
 of things broiled, which have 
 only their own juices unmixed 
 with any other. 
 
 Ast, but. " For at," says 
 Vossius, but Tooke justly ar- 
 gues : " It is contrary to the 
 customary progress of corruption 
 in words to derive ast from at. 
 L am not at all afraid of being 
 ridiculed for the following de- 
 rivation by any one who will 
 give himself the trouble to trace 
 the words (corresponding with 
 BUT) of any language to 
 their source : — Adsit, Adst, 
 Ast, At." That is, let it be, 
 grant it, nevertheless, and yet. 
 
 Aster, a star. 'Ao-ryp. Hence 
 various birds, fishes, earths, 
 gems, &c. are called by this 
 
 1 Al. from &fa, #0-8«, &8<tw. Or from 
 &a<rai pp. of &£«. 
 
 name or by derivatives from it, 
 (as Asteria, Asterias, &c.) as 
 being of a bright color or as 
 being marked like stars. 
 
 Asttriscus, an asterisk or mark 
 in form like a little star, 'A<rTe- 
 
 Astipulator. Adam : "Stipu- 
 lator was the person who re- 
 quired the promise or obligation 
 in a bargain or stipulation. 
 Sometimes, for the sake of 
 greater security, there was a se- 
 cond person who required the 
 promise or obligation to be re- 
 peated to him, called astipulator. 
 Hence Astipulari irato consuli, 
 in Livy: To humor or assist." 
 Forcellini understands stipulator 
 here to be the person who made 
 the promise ; astipulator to be 
 one who stood by him and 
 made a similar promise. 
 
 A strata, a saddle-bow. 'Aar- 
 TgapYi. 
 
 Astraa, the Goddess of jus- 
 tice. 'A<TTpUltX. 
 
 Astragalus, a wave or wreath 
 about a pillar. ' AixpayaXoc,. 
 
 Astrologus, an astrologer. 
 'Aa-TpoXoyog. 
 
 Astronomus, an astronomer. 
 
 Mfl"T00V0fW£. 
 
 Astrum, a star, constellation. 
 
 "A&TgOV. 
 
 Astu, the city of Athens. 
 
 *A<TTV. 
 
 Astula: See Appendix. 
 
 Astur, a kind of hawk. Fr. 
 oMTTsglag. See Aster. 
 
 Astarco, a genet, a small- 
 sized well-proportioned Spanish 
 horse. From Astur, as coming 
 from Asturia, a province of 
 Spain. 
 
AST 
 
 ATR 
 
 39 
 
 Astus, craft, cunning. Fr. 
 a<TTv, a city. Men living in a 
 city being usually more acute 
 and subtile than men living in 
 the country. Wachter: " Ur- 
 banitas ab Ui be, Civilitas a Civi- 
 tate, et Astutia (quae Civilitatis 
 nomen fuit, anteOjUam ob cal- 
 lida civium ingenia in malam 
 partem sumeretur) ab uo-tv." 
 
 Astutus, crafty. Fr. astus. 
 
 Asyla, - 
 
 Asylum, an asylum, sanctu- 
 ary. "AtrvKov. 
 
 Asymbolus, scot-free. 'Ao-up- 
 fioXog. 
 
 At, but. Shortened from 
 aroig, or from ast. 
 
 Atabulus, a very cold wind 
 peculiar to Apulia. From a 
 word SiTufioXog, throwing out 
 harm. 
 
 Atat or At at, an interjection 
 of surprise, &c. From \c*.ttoltui. 
 ^f Al. from at. The speaker is 
 to be supposed to have been 
 thinking of something else, to 
 be interrupted, and to cry out 
 abruptly — 'But, but — / 
 
 Atavus, a fourth grandfather. 
 Soft for adavus fr. avus. Ad 
 increases the number. So Ad- 
 nepos and Atnepos. 1 
 
 Atellana, a kind of play or 
 interlude full of mirth and hu- 
 mor. From Atella, a town of 
 the Osci, where it was at first 
 performed. 
 
 Ater, coal-black, sable, 
 brown. For ather, fr. alfloc, 
 iEol. ctlQbp, dQop, blackened by 
 fire. So Atrium from A"Qgw< 
 
 1 Wachter deduces it from atta avi. 
 Atta being from Gr, &TTa, father. 
 
 Athena-vm, a place for phi- 
 losophical study or for declama- 
 tion. 'AQrjvaiov. 
 
 Athens, atheist. "AOsog. 
 
 Athleta, a wrestler. 'AfayTyS' 
 
 Athlon, a prize for the suc- 
 cessful combatant, fr. aQXov. 
 Athla are the labors, exertions, 
 pursuits of life, fr. «0A«, con- 
 tests. 
 
 Atlantion, the lowermost 
 joint of the neck. From Atlas, 
 Atlantis. As sustaining the 
 rest of the joints of the neck, 
 and as principally sustaining 
 burdens placed on the back, as 
 Atlas did the world. 
 
 Atomus, an atom, mite. "A~ 
 
 TOjJLOg. 
 
 Atque, and. Soft for adque. 
 As Atavus for Adavus. That 
 is, (que) and (ad) in addition to 
 or besides this. Et ad hoc. 
 Adque is written in ancient in- 
 scriptions for atque. % Others 
 consider atque to mean " but 
 and." As in the Translation of 
 the Bible we find " but and 
 if that idle servant," 8cc. 
 
 Atqui, Atquin, but, but yet, 
 however. From at. Compare 
 Alioqui, Alioquin. 
 
 Atramentum, ink. Fr. ater, 
 atra, whence a verb atro, avi. 
 
 Atricapilla, a bird (atris ca- 
 pillis) with black feathers on its 
 head, a blackcap, titling. 
 
 Atriplex, Atriplexum : See 
 Appendix. 
 
 Atrium, a courtyard, a, large 
 oblong square surrounded with 
 arched galleries. For athrium 
 fr. alQpiov, aQpiov, as being in 
 the open air, sub dio. Some- 
 what as the Greeks said cti- 
 
40 
 
 ATR- 
 
 AUC 
 
 Qovo-ot. ^f AI. from ater, atra, 
 as black with smoke. The 
 family statues were placed here. 
 Juvenal speaks of them as "fu- 
 mosos cum dictatore magis- 
 tros." 
 
 Atrophus, wasting with atro- 
 phy. "ATgO(pO$, 
 
 Atropos, one of the Fates. 
 
 "ArpoTtos. 
 
 Atrotus, invulnerable. Mrpw- 
 
 T0£. 
 
 Atrox, oris, raw, crude ; 
 hence, like Gr. obpos, hard in 
 temper, unyielding, fierce, cruel. 
 Fr. ccTpcio%, raw. 
 
 Attagen, a heathcock or 
 woodcock. 'Arrays. 
 
 Attalicus is applied to any- 
 thing splendid, rich, or ample, 
 from the splendor and wealth of 
 Attalus. 
 
 Attammo, I defile. For ad- 
 tamino. So Contamino. Ta- 
 mino is fr. tamen, inis, for tagi- 
 men fr. tago, tango. Compare 
 Contages. 
 
 Attat, Attdte, the same as 
 atat. 
 
 Atttgia, a hut. Fr. ad-tego. 
 Forcellini thinks it is a Moorish 
 word from the line in Juvenal : 
 " D i r ue maurorum attegias, 
 castella Brigantum." But is 
 Castella then a British word ? 
 
 Attempero, 1 apply just (ad 
 tempus) in the proper time or 
 place. Tempus formerly made 
 temperis. See Tempero. 
 
 Attendo, I attend to. That 
 is, attendo animum ad, 1 stretch 
 my mind to a thing. 
 
 Attice, es, a kind of ochre. 
 As found in the mines of At- 
 tica. 
 
 Atticurges, is, done in the 
 Attic style. 'ArTixovgyris, 
 
 Atttguus, touching upon, bor- 
 dering upon. Fr. at Hugo , at- 
 tigi. As Muto, Mutuus. 
 
 Attilus, 
 
 Attono, I amaze, astonish. 
 Fr. tono. Properly, I thunder 
 on another, amaze as if with 
 thundering. Hence attonitus, 
 thunderstruck, amazed. 
 
 Attubus, the same as Atypus : 
 and from a,TU7ro$, whence atubus, 
 attubus. 
 
 Atypus, stuttering, stammer- 
 ing. v Atvtto$. 
 
 Au, Ahu, an interjection of 
 fear, censure, &c. Formed 
 from the sound. Priscian puts 
 it among the interjections whose 
 sound answers to the sense. 
 
 Avarus, covetous. Fr. aveo. 
 
 Aucella, a little bird. For 
 avcella, avicella fr. avis. 
 
 Auceps, aucupis, a bird-catch- 
 er, fowler. For avceps, avcupis. 
 From avis and capio. Avcupis 
 for avcapis as Occapo, Occupo. 
 
 Auctifico, I make larger. 
 Auctius facio. 
 
 Audio, an auction. Fr. au- 
 geo, augtum, auctum. For in 
 an auction a sum is proposed, 
 and the bidders increase it, or 
 bid above it. 
 
 Auctor, one who creates or 
 makes ; one who is the cause or 
 author of anything. Virgil: 
 " Auctorem frugum tempesta- 
 tumque potentem." So it is 
 used of a founder or leader 
 of a race. Virgil: " Nee tibi 
 Diva parens, generis nee Dar- 
 danus auctorT So of an au- 
 thor or writer of a book. Auc- 
 
AUC 
 
 AUC 
 
 41 
 
 tor is also one who authorizes, 
 advises, directs the doing of any- 
 thing. That is, the author of 
 its being done. "Auctor is 
 from augeo, auctum ; and pro- 
 perly means one who (auget) in- 
 creases, i. e. generates and pro- 
 duces." F. Thus Lucretius : 
 il Quodcunque alias ex se res 
 auget alitque." Thus Ains- 
 worth says it means properly an 
 increaser or enlarger : and adds : 
 " Quia auger e fit creando, efti- 
 ciendo, vel instituendo aliquid, 
 patris, effectoris, et institutoris 
 «otionem induit. Curnque ta- 
 lem causam multum pollere 
 oportcat, sa?pe denotat cujus 
 virtute, consilio, suasu vel testi- 
 monio aliquid fiat." % Some 
 write it autor, supposing that 
 it was afterwards changed for 
 softness into auCtor ; and de- 
 rive autor fr. avros, Mo\. uurog, 
 of himself, acting after his own 
 will. 
 
 Auctor, the seller in an auc- 
 tion. Forcellini : " Qui enim 
 tradit alteri quidpiam, eum au- 
 get ea re et ditiorem facit." 
 Others explain it from his being 
 the author of the buyer's 
 purchasing. 
 
 Auctor amentum, wages or 
 hire given to induce persons to 
 fight as gladiators or to perform 
 any other service; the stipula- 
 ting or contracting with such ; 
 any reward or hire. Fr. auc- 
 tor o. 
 
 Auctoratus, hired ; obligated 
 to serve for hire. Fr. auctor o. 
 
 Auctoritas, the act of autho- 
 rizing a| measure or giving au- 
 thority to act. (See Auctor.) 
 Etym. 
 
 Livy : "Tribuni plebis ex aac- 
 toritate senatiis ad populum 
 tulerunt ut " &c. : The tribunes 
 of the people by the authority 
 of the senate proposed to the 
 people that &c. So, Servus 
 ab auctoritate ; a servant autho- 
 rized to act, delegated or com- 
 missioned. Hence auctoritas 
 is any charge, office, commission ; 
 power to act, jurisdiction, au- 
 thority. Julian: " Interponere 
 auctoritatem tutoris." Auctori- 
 tas is also weight, influence, 
 force, properly as belonging to 
 such as have jurisdiction or au- 
 thority : or from the notion of 
 advising and directing which 
 auctor has. Cicero : " Biblio- 
 thecas omnium philosophorum 
 unus mihi videtur XII. tabula- 
 rum libellus auctoritatis pon- 
 dere superare." So it is applied 
 to the weight and influence 
 which men of probity, talent, 
 wealth, have on the mind of 
 others. Cicero : " Ejus auc- 
 toritas magna est apud me." 
 Auctoritas is also the power and 
 dominion over any property, 
 right to any privilege, &c. Ci- 
 cero : " Aquae ductus, iter, 
 actus a patre; sed rata auctori- 
 tas harum rerum omnium a jure 
 civili sumitur." 
 
 Auctoro me, I let myself out 
 for hire, I engage to fight as a 
 gladiator for pay ; I engage or 
 bind myself. Fr. auctor, a sel- 
 ler. I sell myself. Vossius ex- 
 plains it otherwise : " Auctorare 
 est aliquem sibi obligare, adeo 
 ut quis non amplius sit sui arbi- 
 trii, sed alio res agat auctore." 
 
 Auctoro, 1 am {auctor) the 
 
 F 
 
42 
 
 AUC- 
 
 AUG 
 
 author of. Velleius : " Roma- 
 nis certam victoriam, partibus 
 suis excidium, sibi turpissimam 
 mortem pessimo auctoravit faci- 
 nore." Forcellini explains it 
 otherwise : " Auctorare sibi mor- 
 tem, est Mortem quasi mercede 
 sibi quaerere et arcessere." See 
 above. 
 
 Aucupium, birdcatching. Fr. 
 auceps, aucupis. 
 
 Aucupor, I go a fowling, 1 
 seek after birds ; generally, I 
 seek after, w r atch curiously, go 
 in quest of. Fr. auceps, aucu- 
 pis. 
 
 Audax, daring, bold, confi- 
 dent. Fr. audeo. As Fallax. 
 
 Audeo, I dare, adventure. 
 Fr. aveo, I am desirous, ardent ; 
 whence avidus, avideo, avdeo, 
 audeo, as Aviceps, Avceps, Au- 
 ceps. So Gavidus, Gavideo, 
 Gaudeo. 
 
 Audio, I hear, hearken. Fr. 
 av$rj, a voice or sound. That 
 is, I perceive a sound, ^f As 
 ctlco from clou is to hear ; so 
 aveo from «» might be the same. 
 Then from eLvtyv (as in "Apfyv) 
 would be audio. 
 
 Ave, hail ! From a Hebrew 
 word, signifying To live, which 
 produced Eva or Chava, Eve ; 
 that is, The mother of all liv- 
 ing. Or rather from avo, 
 which, as we learn from Plautus, 
 was a Phoenician term of saluta- 
 tion. "Avo donni," says the 
 Phoenician. Donni is the same 
 as Hebrew Adonai. 1 
 
 1 '' Have or Ave is nothing but Habe, 
 have, possess, — riches, honor, health." 
 Whiter. 
 
 Avellana, a hazlenut. As 
 being very common about AveU 
 la or Abella, a town of Cam- 
 pania. 
 
 Avena : See Appendix. 
 
 Aveo, I long for, covet. Fr. 
 aew, same as aoo, I paut after, 1 
 seek. Hesychius : "Aei* £)}tm. 
 
 Avernus, a lake in Campania, 
 of an offensive nature, and used 
 for Hell. For otopvos, cLVopvos, 
 without birds. Lucretius: " A- 
 verna vocantur; nomen id ab 
 re Impositum est, quia sunt 
 avibus contraria cunctis." 
 
 Averrunco, I turn away, avert. 
 Fr. verrunco, I turn ; which see. 
 ^f Al. from a7rsg6xoo, 0L7repp6xco. 
 
 Aver sor, I turn from in dis- 
 gust. Fr. verto, versum. 
 
 Averta. " A cloak-bag car- 
 ried behind a horse. From its 
 being carried on the (aversa) 
 hinder part of the horse." F. 
 But others understand it of a 
 poitrel or headstall of a bridle 
 to which the reins are fastened, 
 and derive it (ab avertendo) from 
 its turning the horse away from 
 the direct course at the will of 
 the rider. 
 
 Aufero, I take away. For 
 abfero, whence avfero, aufero. 
 So Avceps, Auceps ; Abfugio, 
 Aufugio. 
 
 Augeo, I encrease, enlarge. 
 Fr. oivljia), fut. uv^orto : whence 
 augseo, for softness augeo. Len- 
 nep conjectures that ctv%u) 
 came from an obsolete verb 
 avyoo, whence augeo would flow 
 less remotely. 
 
 Augur, uris, a soothsayer, 
 one who professes to foretel 
 events by the manner in which 
 
AUG- 
 
 •AUIl 
 
 43 
 
 (aves se gerunt) birds carry 
 themselves in flying. For au- 
 guris is for avigerisj as Aucu- 
 pis is for Avicapis, Auspicium 
 for Avispecium. 
 
 Augurdle, a place in a camp 
 where the general made his (au- 
 guria) auguries. It is suppo- 
 sed to have been near the prae- 
 torium or to have been the prae- 
 torium itself. 
 
 Augustales ludi, games in- 
 stituted by Augustus. 
 
 Augustus, august, venerable, 
 sacred. Fr. augur. As con- 
 secrated by an augur. So Ro- 
 bur, Robustus. 
 
 Augustus. Octavius Caesar 
 received this appellation from the 
 Senate, and hence the month 
 Sextilis was called so, as in this 
 month Octavius entered on his 
 first consulate, reduced Egypt, 
 &c. Hence augustus became 
 applied byway of honorary dis- 
 tinction, as in Augusta Charta, 
 as we say Royal Paper ; &c. 
 
 Avia, a grandmother. Al- 
 lied to avus, 
 
 Avidus, eager, desirous ; 
 greedy of money. Fr. aveo. 
 
 Avis, a bird. For a'is, (as 
 Ovis for O'is,) fr. aWco, I rush ; 
 or fr. ui'(ra) fut. of aico whence 
 a/cnrco. As opvig fr. oglvco. 
 If " From uvea, (avo,) to cry 
 out, to chirp." Haigh. *J " From 
 Hebr. oph, flying, or aph, he 
 fled." V. 
 
 Avitus, ancient. That is, 
 belonging to our (avi) grand- 
 fathers. 
 
 Avius, solitary, lonely, im- 
 passable. That is, remote (a 
 via) from the public way. 
 
 Aula, a hall, courtyard ; a 
 palace, as having many halls or 
 courtyards. Also, a stall, shed. 
 
 Aula, a pot. See Appendix. 
 
 Aulcsum, arras, tapestry, 
 painted curtains. As used in 
 (aulis) the halls of the rich. 
 Also, the curtain of a theatre. 
 
 Aular, the cover (aula) of a 
 pot. 
 
 Aulax, a furrow. Avk»g, 
 
 Auletes, a piper. AvXvjtyjs. 
 
 Aulici, the servants or minis- 
 ters (aula) of a palace, cour- 
 tiers. 
 
 Aulix. " It seems to be the 
 same as Aulax." F. 
 
 Auladus, a piper. AfaMg. 
 
 Aura, a gentle gale, breeze, 
 wind. Aupa. 
 
 Aura, splendor. Allied to 
 Aurum. 
 
 Aurata, a fish called also 
 Chrysophrys, as having golden 
 brows. Ovid: " Et auri Chry- 
 sophrys imitata decus." 
 
 Auratus, gilt, gilded. That 
 is, covered (aura) with gold. 
 
 Aurea, a bridle : See Orea. 
 
 Amichalcum, latten or yellow 
 brass. Corrupted from orichaU 
 cum, opzi^ciKKog. 
 
 Auriga, a charioteer. For 
 aureiga fr. aurea ago, as driving 
 horses with a bridle. ^f AI, 
 from opslyag, a muledriver. As 
 Aurichalcum is a corruption of 
 Orichalcum. 
 
 Aurigo, same as Aurugo. So 
 Origo. 
 
 Auripigmentum, a kind of 
 ochre of the color (auri) of 
 gold, and useful (pigmentis) for 
 painters' colors. 
 
44 
 
 AUR 
 
 AUT 
 
 Auris, an ear. Fr. au$, the 
 Cretan form of ov$. From uvg 
 is aims, as from Mus is Muris. 
 Or at once from ovg, for we 
 have hAUd from OYo\ % Al. 
 from ctvco, considered the same 
 as ctlco, to hear, % Al. from the 
 north. "Ohr, (Germ.), Gr. 
 ovg, Lat. auris and amis, Goth. 
 auso, Engl, ear, Dutch or, ora, 
 Belg. oor, Island, eyra" W. 1 
 
 Auritus, having long ears ; 
 having quick hearing. Fr. au- 
 ris. 
 
 Aurora, the dawn, the morn- 
 ing. Fr. ctupct and wpa, the hour 
 when the morning breezes blow. 
 ^f Or fr. aurum and hora. The 
 hour or time of gold, the golden 
 time. 
 
 Aurugo, the jaundice. Fr. 
 aurum, as iEris, iErugo. From 
 the color (auri) of gold which 
 the face of a jaundiced person 
 assumes. 
 
 Aurum, gold. Fr. avco, to 
 shine : whence a word aupov 
 splendid. Donnegan has " Av- 
 gov, gold/' Turton notices the 
 Welsh aur, gold. 
 
 Ausculto, I listen. For au- 
 ribusculto. Quito from colo, 
 as Occulo, Occultum, Occul- 
 ta. That is, multum colo ali- 
 quein auribus, 1 heed or attend 
 to another with my ears. 
 
 Ausim, for auserim fr. audeo, 
 audsi, ausi. 
 
 Auspex, auspicis, one who 
 foretels events, a soothsayer. 
 For avspex, avispex (See Au- 
 
 ceps), ab inspiciendis avibus. 
 A leader, guide, head, as the 
 principal magistrates alone had 
 the right to take (auspicia) the 
 auspices. So auspices is applied 
 to the Gods, as it was under 
 their guidance that undertakings 
 were supposed to be made. 
 Auspex is used of a matchmaker, 
 being the chief or principal part 
 in it; or as the marriage is made 
 by his guidance or superintend- 
 ance. 
 
 Auspicium, the guidance or 
 superintendance of another; the 
 authority or sway of one person 
 over another: See above. 
 
 Auspicor, I begin, undertake. 
 Because in all undertakings the 
 ancients began by consulting 
 {auspices) the soothsayers. 
 
 Auster, the south wind. Tur- 
 ton: ei Fr. uiKTTyp fr. avoo, [otL- 
 (TTcti,~\ to burn. This wind is 
 hot 2 and moist and productive 
 of putrid fevers/' Avcttci\?o$ is 
 sun-burnt. 3 
 
 Austtrus, dry, harsh, severe. 
 
 Al>(TTYlp6g. 
 
 Ausum, an attempt. Fr. au- 
 deo, audsum, ausum. 
 
 Aut, or, or else, else. Fr. 
 aire or txuToip, on the contrary, 
 otherwise. 4 
 
 2 So Forcellini explains it, " ventus 
 meridionalis humidus et calidus."* 
 
 3 Al. from avca, &ca, I blow. But this 
 is too general a meaning. 
 
 4 Al. from the North. Goth, aiththau, 
 Anglo-Sax. oththe.f 
 
 * Virgil, it is true, calls it " frigidus." 
 1 Helvigius refers auris to apvco, (av- But Martyn solves this difficulty on 
 p«,) I draw in : " Quia sonum hauriunt Georg. 3, 279. 
 cures.'* t Wachter in Oder. 
 
AUT- 
 
 ■AZY 
 
 45 
 
 Autem, but Fr. airs, but. The 
 Latins say Decern from Asku. 
 
 Authenta, one who is his own 
 master. AoQsvr^g. 
 
 Authenticus, real, genuine, 
 original. AuQevTixog. 
 
 Authepsa, a stewpan or boil- 
 er, containing in itself a recep- 
 tacle for the coals to boil with. 
 AuQe^yg. 
 
 Autochthones, people coeval 
 with the country they dwell in. 
 AvTO^Sovsg. 
 
 Autogrdphus, written with 
 one's own hand. AuToygu<po$. 
 
 Automaton, a machine which 
 has the power of motion within 
 itself. Autq^oltov. 
 
 Autumnus, autumn, the time 
 of harvest and vintage. For 
 auctumnus (like Alumnus) fr. 
 augeo, auctum. Quia auget 
 homines fructibus. See Au- 
 xilium. 
 
 Autumo: See Appendix. 
 Avunculus, a maternal untie. 
 Dimin. of amis. Scaliger : 
 " Patris fratri, cum patrui no- 
 men, quasi patrem alterum, at- 
 tribuerent, matris fratrem quasi 
 remotiorem pusillum avum 
 appellarunt." 
 
 A vus, a grandfather. For abus 
 fr. a/3a or ctfifix, a father; traced 
 to the oriental ab. ^f Or fr. 
 U7r<bvs, u$v§, a father. 
 
 Auxilium, help ; military suc- 
 cour, applied to auxiliary troops. 
 Fr. augeo, auxi. As it aug- 
 ments the resources of another. 
 Auget aliquem subsidiis. " Au- 
 gere aliquem aliqua re, est in- 
 struere, ornare, rem aliquam 
 alicui subjicere, qua instruction 
 major, honoratior fiat." F. 
 
 Auxim, for auxerim, fr. au- 
 geo, augsi, auxi. 
 
 Axedo seems, says Forcellini, 
 to be the same as axis or asser- 
 culus, i. e. axer cuius. 
 
 Axenus, inhospitable. "A%svog. 
 
 Axicia, Axitia : See Appen- 
 dix. 
 
 Axilla : See Ala. 
 
 Axim, the same as Egerim 
 from Egi. For axerim fr. axi, 
 i. e. agsi. 
 
 Axioma, an axiom, proposi- 
 tion. 'A% too pet. 
 
 Axis, the axletree on which a 
 wheel of a chariot turns ; a 
 chariot; the Earth's axis, round 
 which the world is said to move; 
 and which, passing from one 
 pole through the centre of the 
 earth, is terminated by the other ; 
 hence put for one of the poles, 
 and specially for the north pole 
 as this is in view, whereas the 
 other is hidden from us. Hence 
 axis is put for the heavens above 
 us, the open air ; and for any 
 clime or climate. It is fr. olfav, 
 oi%QVQs. Or fr. clyoo, cl%a), to 
 carry, whence afcov. 
 
 Axis, a plank, board, &c. 
 Fr. clyca, afco, to carry, and 
 hence bear, support. % Al. 
 from ajcov, which seems to be 
 applied in this sense merely to 
 the (cilovs$) tablets and laws of 
 Solon. 
 
 Axones, tablets on which So- 
 lon's laws were engraved. "A-- 
 govs;. 
 
 Axungia, swine's grease, with 
 which {axes) the axletrees of 
 wheels (unguntur) are greased. 
 
 Azymus, unleavened. *AZv- 
 
46 
 
 BAB- 
 
 BAL 
 
 B 
 
 Baba, O strange ! Bafta), 
 
 Babecalus, Babacalus: See 
 Appendix. 
 
 Bacca : See Appendix. 
 
 Baccar, baccdris, the herb 
 sage of Jerusalem. B<xxxixgi$. 
 
 Baccha, a female inspired by 
 Bacchus, a Bacchanal. 
 
 Bacchanal, the festival of 
 Bacchus ; &c. 
 
 Bacchor, 1 rage or revel as 
 (Baccha) a Bacchanal. 
 
 Bacchus, the God of wine. 
 Bux%og. 
 
 Bacelus, Baceolus : See Ap- 
 pendix. 
 
 Bdculus, a staff, stick. Di- 
 minutive of bacus, from /3e/3«xa, 
 (/3axa,) pf. of /Saw, I go, move; 
 or, I lean on. Whence also 
 a/3a£, a/3axoj, abacus. So from 
 /3«co, /3a£«;, pp. /3e/3axTai, is /3ax- 
 T£ov, a stick. 1 $[ Or for basicu- 
 lus fr. 6tfszs or /3«3-^. 
 
 Badius, of a bay color. Fr. 
 /3at£, g. /3a'/Soc, /3aoo£, a palm- 
 tree. 
 
 Bddizo, I walk, pace. £«&/?«>. 
 
 Baticdtus, clothed in gar- 
 ments of Spanish wool. From 
 Bcetis, the Guadalquivir. The 
 Bcztica lana3 were considered 
 very precious. 
 
 Baice, warm baths. From 
 Bai&, a city of Campania, 
 abounding in warm springs. 
 Horace: "Nullus in orbe lo- 
 cus Bails praelucet amoenis." 
 
 1 Al. from irdw, pf. ireiraKa, (irdica,) I 
 press, beat; whence italoo. f "From 
 Germ, bochen, to beat." W. 
 
 51 Wachter refers it to Germ. 
 btfhen, f omen tare. 
 
 Bajulus, a carrier, porter. 
 Fr. /3aS»w fut. of j3a8/$o, i go. 
 Whence a word badius, badiu- 
 lus, bajulus. As solDIer we 
 pronounce solJer. 
 
 Balana, a kind of whale. 
 Fr. QaXcuvu, as u[u ( Pvi, am Bo. 
 
 Bdl&riaria virga. " A rod 
 made from the cartilage (bala- 
 narum) of whales. But others 
 read and explain it otherwise." F. 
 
 Bdldnus, a kind of mast or 
 acorn ; a kind of chesnut called 
 behn from which a precious 
 ointment was extracted ; &c. 
 JSaAavOf. 
 
 Balatro, a sorry or worthless 
 fellow. For baratro, (as XstPiov, 
 liLium,) barathro, from bara- 
 thrum or fiapaQpov. One with 
 a great belly or maw. Horace: 
 " Pernicies barathrumque ma- 
 celli." Others understand it of 
 one who deserves to be cast into 
 a (barathrum) pit. Somewhat 
 like Verbero, onis, one who de- 
 serves to be beaten, ^f Al. 
 from a contemptible fellow 
 called Balatro. 2, 
 
 Bdlaustium, the flower of 
 the pomegranate. Bol\ol6<ttiov. 
 
 Balbus, stammering, stutter- 
 ing, lisping. " From Hebrew 
 balbel, to babble." Tt. f Al. 
 
 2 Dacier: "Balatro is a word totally mis- 
 explained. As from «aAew is Ka\l<TTpw, 
 so from fidWco, /3a/\.a£a>, is fiaXaGrpo), fia- 
 Xaarpav, whence balastro, balatro, one 
 who poured out water for the service of 
 prostitutes when bathing. Hence men of 
 any low employment were called bala- 
 trones. Or it may be from fSaWw, )3aA.- 
 Ai£w, to dance. So as to mean a dancer* 
 Horace joins Balatrones with Mimae." 
 
BAL- 
 
 BAR 
 
 47 
 
 for bambus fr. /3a^j8aco (whence 
 PotpPatvw), |S«ftj8», I stammer. 
 
 Bdlinea, Bdlineum, a bath. 
 Fr. /3aX«ve7ov. 
 
 Baliolus, of a tawny color. 
 Fr. balius, for badius. 
 
 Ballista, Balista, a kind of 
 cross-bow. Fr. /3aAAco, I throw. 
 
 Ballistea, orum, ballads, 
 light airy songs, or rather songs 
 sung in dances. BatMHrretot. 
 
 Balluca, Baluca, Balux, 
 ucis, gold-dust or gold-ore. 
 Pliny supposes it to be a Spanish 
 word, and Martial has " balucis 
 malleator Htspan^s." 1 
 
 Balneum, a bath. For bali- 
 neum. 
 
 Bah, I bleat. Fr. /3aAov 
 Doric form of pjAov, a sheep. 
 
 Balsdmum, the balsam tree ; 
 its gum. BuXvupw. 
 
 Balteus, a belt. Probably a 
 Northern word. " Lat. balteus. 
 Anglo-Sax. Engl. Suec. Island. 
 Germ, with great consent 
 belt." W. % Or suppose /3«A- 
 Koo has the sense of StpipifiaWcQ, 
 I cast round ; then from /3aXXco, 
 pp. /3g/3«ATa», we might have bal- 
 teus. 
 
 Balux: See Balluca. 
 
 Bambatus, pickled. Fr. /3a'jx- 
 /3a, the Syracusan form of /3ajoc- 
 jxa, an immersion. But the 
 word is supposed to be a cor- 
 ruption. 
 
 Bambalio, a stammerer. Fr. 
 fioipfictXiu) fut. of /3«jU,j3aA/^a), I 
 stammer. 
 
 Bamplus, 
 
 Banchus, — — — — 
 
 1 Hesychius explains /SaAAe/ca by if/f}- 
 (pov; a pebble. 
 
 Baphia, orum, a dye-house. 
 BuQfiot. 
 
 Bapttz, the priests of Cotytto, 
 the goddess of lewdness. Bd- 
 
 7TTUI. 
 
 Baptisma, a washing ; baptism. 
 jBa7TT/(Tju.a. 
 
 Baptista, abaptizer. Bomti- 
 vrfc 
 
 Bapfizo, I wash. BwtttI^oj. 
 
 Barathrum, a deep pit, gulph; 
 maw, belly. BupuQpov. 
 
 Barba, a beard. Fr. 7r«peia, 
 a cheek ; whence baria, (as 
 Bibo from nlw,) barlVa, (See 
 Saliva,) barva, barba. So nlco 
 becomes BiBo. Virgil : " Turn 
 mihi prima gen as vestibat flore 
 juventa." % Al. from fiagsia. : 
 as indicating gravity and autho- 
 rity. Hence bariVa, barva, 
 barba. ^f " Armoric barf, barv. 
 Lat. barba. From Celt, bar, 
 a man. It belonging to men, 
 not to women." W. 
 
 Barbaricus, Phrygian. For 
 the Phrygians were specially 
 called Barbari. Barbaricarii 
 were embroiderers ; for the 
 Phrygians were supposed to 
 have invented the art of em- 
 broidering. 
 
 Barbdrus, barbarian, wild, 
 uncivilized. Botpfiagog. 
 
 Barbata, an ospray. From 
 its (barba) beard. Properly, 
 bearded. 
 
 Barbitos, a lute, lyre. Bap- 
 
 /3<T0f. 
 
 Barbus, a mullet. Fr. bar- 
 ba. " Quia est velut barba' 
 tus." W. Hence it is called 
 also Mullus barbatus. 
 
 Barca, a bark, barge. Re- 
 ferred by some to fioipis, whence 
 
48 
 
 BAR- 
 
 BAS 
 
 fixpixbs, Petgutrj, fictpxri. ^f But 
 it is probably a Northern word. 
 Germ, bark. 1 
 
 Bardaicus, made by the 
 Bardei or Bardai, a people of 
 Illyria. 
 
 Bardi, poets of ancient Gaul, 
 bards. From the Celtic. 
 
 Bardocucullus, a cowl or 
 hood worn by the Bardi in an- 
 cient Gaul. Or by the Bardei 
 in Illyria. See Cucullus. 
 
 Bardus, heavy, dull. Fr. 
 fiqalvs, transp. fiotpdv$ ? whence 
 
 Bdris, an Egyptian boat. 
 
 BotplC. 
 
 Baro, Faro: See Appendix. 
 
 Barrio, said (de barro) of an 
 elephant uttering its voice. 
 
 Barrltas, a loud noise raised 
 by barbarians on engaging with 
 an enemy. A foreign and bar- 
 barian word. Ammianus: "Pro 
 terrifico fremitu, quem Bar- 
 bae i dicunt barrilum." So 
 Tacitus of the Germans : li Sunt 
 illis haec quoque carmina, quo- 
 rum relatu, quem barritum vo- 
 cant, accendunt animos." 
 
 Barrus, an elephant. " The 
 Chaldee beira, Indian barre, is 
 an elephant." W. 
 
 Barrus. On the line of 
 Horace, "Quid tibi vis, mulier, 
 nigris dignissima barris?" the 
 Delphin editor remarks: "Dig- 
 na amatoribus similibus ele- 
 phantis qui odore sunt graves, 
 forma truces, mole terribiles." 
 Gesner's Edition thus notes : 
 " Nigris pro iEthiopicis. Opor- 
 
 1 See Wachter in Bark and F serge. 
 
 tet autem barros esse bene mu- 
 toniatos." 
 
 Baryccz or Baructe sedes, 
 Baryctphdla, buildings with 
 low walls, but broad spacious 
 roofs. From j3«puj ; and fiupv$, 
 xstpaXYj. Having heavy heads. 
 Vitruvius : e< Cum raras habeant 
 columnas, non possunt in mag- 
 nam altitudinem attolli,ne pon- 
 dere ipso fatiscant. Jtaque 
 humiles fiunt et latae." 
 
 Bascauda, a basket. A Bri- 
 tish word. Martial : " Barbara 
 de pictis veni bascauda Bri- 
 tannis. Sed me jam mavult 
 dicere Roma suam." Welsh 
 basged, Engl, basket. 
 
 Basilia, orum, accounts of 
 kings. BourlXsiot. 
 
 Basilica, a public building 
 with spacious halls and porti- 
 coes; cloisters; a church. Fr. 
 j3*<nXix>), a palace. 
 
 Bdsilicon, a kind of plaster. 
 Properly, the royal plaster, from 
 fiouriXixh, royal. So it is used 
 for a walnut. That is, the royal 
 nut. 
 
 Bdsilicam, a princely robe. 
 Fr. basilicus. 
 
 Basilicus, kingly, princely. 
 From PouriXixos. Basilicus ja- 
 ctus, is the fortunate throw of 
 the dice, called otherwise Ve- 
 nereus jactus. 
 
 Bdsilisca, a herb supposed to 
 be an antidote to the poison 
 (Jbasilisci) of the basilisk. 
 
 Bdsiliscus, a basilisk or cock- 
 atrice. Bua-iXla-Kog. 
 
 Basis, the base of a column ; 
 pedestal of a statue. Bot<n$. 
 
 Basium, a kiss. Some refer 
 it to /3«<n$ fr. /3««, j3«<r«o, whence 
 
BAS- 
 
 BEA 
 
 49 
 
 fialvoo. Hesychius explains /3a/- 
 veiv by ^iAsTv. As /3aco (like Taco) 
 meant to press, (whence /3a<n$, 
 a base, on which anything 
 presses,) it might easily mean to 
 press with the lips, and so to 
 kiss. Or say that basium is for 
 pasium fr. Ttuw, -TraVco. See 
 Batuo. ^f The Irish bus, a 
 mouth, and our buss, a kiss, 
 have been proposed. Others 
 refer buss, written basse by 
 Chaucer, to basium. From the 
 Punic besas Caninius derives 
 basium. There is an evident 
 alliance between these words. 
 Bassdreus, Bacchus. Batr- 
 
 Bastdga, porterage. Bolv- 
 Tccyrj. 
 
 Basterna, a litter for women. 
 Fr. fiotcrTa^oo, I carry ; fut. /3acr- 
 tccctoo, fioco-Taw, f3u<rra). Hence 
 basterna, like Caverna. Vos- 
 sius states that the later Greeks 
 said ficurrsiv for (3ix<rT<x%eiv. 1 
 
 Bat, pish, tush. It is used 
 in Plautus by one speaker jest- 
 ing at the < At' of another : CA. 
 At. PS. Bat. Vossius however 
 refers it to the sound, which he 
 supposes produced the Greek 
 jSaTToXoy/a, vain babbling. 
 
 Bdtia, a skate. Allied to Gr. 
 
 • Bdtillum, Vat ilium, a fire- 
 shovel, warming-pan, chafing- 
 dish ; shovel or spade ; an in- 
 strument to cut off the ears of 
 corn and leave the straw stand- 
 
 1 '* Germ, bast, sellse vel clitellae ju- 
 mentorum quibus onera imponuntur. A 
 
 Etl/m. 
 
 ing, as being in> the form of the 
 bat ilium. A diminutive of bati- 
 num from the Sicilian Pstruvw, a 
 dish or pan. 
 
 Batiola: See Appendix. 
 
 Batuo, idem quod (Sivsco. 
 Bctrsvu). 
 
 Batuo, I beat, batter, thump ; 
 I fence, from the notion of one 
 person striking another in fenc- 
 ing. " Fr. 7raTa<r(7co, I strike," 
 says Vossius. Rather, from 
 7raT«co, whence 7T<xTC«r(rw. Or 
 from iroiTcva) the same as holtIm. 
 UdTsvoo from ndoo, to press, was 
 as easy to form as fiarsuco from 
 /3aco. % " From |3aTea>, the 
 same as itctTeao, I tread, stamp/" 
 says I&iac Vossius. And that 
 j3«rs*v was said at Delphi for 
 KUTeiv, Plutarch informs us. 
 But TroiTscti is better taken in the 
 sense of beating, from 7r«w, to 
 press, pp. 7rs7ra.Toii, whence 7ra- 
 Tog, nuToio-G-oo, &c. % Todd : 
 " Bat, a stick. This word 
 seems to have given rise to a 
 great number of words in 
 many languages : as Battre, 
 French, to beat ; Battle, Beat, 
 &c." Wachter mentions Germ. 
 batten, Welsh b&ddu, Hebr. 
 phatah. Also Scvth. pata, to 
 kill. 
 
 Baubor, I bark, baugh or 
 bay. From the sound bau: or 
 it is allied to fiuv^co, fiotvZco. 
 
 BaxetE, shoes or slippers. Fr. 
 7ra%, a shoe. 1f Or fr. |6a£w, 
 Doric form of fifocD, fut. 1. of 
 /3dco, I go, walk. 
 
 Bdellium, a tree yielding a 
 sweet gum. BdsWiov. 
 
 Beatus, blessed, made happy, 
 
 G 
 
50 
 
 BRC- 
 
 BES 
 
 blessed with wealth, &c. Fr. 
 beo. 
 
 Becco, the beak of a game- 
 cock. A Northern word. Beik, 
 beck, Dutch ; beak Engl. 
 
 Bedella : See Appendix. 
 
 Bee, the sound of sheep. By. 
 
 Bellaria, orum, sweet-meats, 
 candied fruits, &c. Fr. bellus, 
 nice. Terence : " Unumquid- 
 que quod erit bellissimum car- 
 pam." 
 
 Bellis: See Appendix. 
 
 Bellona, the Goddess (belli) 
 of war. 
 
 Bellonaria, night-shade. As 
 taken by the Bellonarii to in- 
 spire ihem with enthusiasm. 
 
 Bellonarii, priests of Bellona. 
 
 Bellua, a large and formida- 
 ble beast or fish ; any brute 
 animal. Fr. bellum, as Muto, 
 Mutua. As being perpetually 
 at war with other animals. Thus 
 the epithets given to the bellua 
 are Immanis, Fera, Vasta, Sag- 
 va, &c. 
 
 Bellamy war. For duellum, 
 as Bis for Duis. A fight be- 
 tween two persons or two ar- 
 mies. "U was often pro- 
 nounced like W, in rapid pro- 
 nunciation, and when following 
 a consonant ; as duellum was 
 pronounced dwellum, dbellum, 
 [as we say Willy and Billy] 
 whence bellum." Walker's 
 Scheller. % Al. from the Cel- 
 tic fel, J contest, ^f Al. from 
 fieXog, a weapon. 
 
 Bellus, pretty, charming, fine, 
 neat, nice, &c. For bonellus 
 
 Wachter in Duell. 
 
 diminutive of bonus, ^f Al. from 
 berth, for benellus. 
 
 Beli oculus, a gem of a green- 
 ish color and enclosing a sort of 
 pupil. From the King or the 
 God Belus. 
 
 Bendidia, ovum, a festival of 
 Minerva. Bs-Mha. 
 
 Bene, well. For bone from 
 bonus. Compare Benignus. 
 If Al. from beo. 
 
 Benignus, kind, liberal, &c. 
 For benigenus fr. bene, or benus 
 for bonus, and geno, genui. 
 One whose nature is good or 
 is naturally well disposed. So 
 Malus, Malignus. 
 
 Benna, a kind of travelling 
 vehicle. A Northern word. 
 We have it in our word bin or 
 bum, a chest or basket. 
 
 Beo, I make happy, bless ; 
 bless with wealth, enrich. The 
 latter sense is perhaps the pro- 
 per one; as beo seems to be 
 derived from (Slog, the provisions 
 of life, means of living, ^f Al. 
 from /3ew, (whence /3g/o,u«»,) 
 to go, to go on, taken actively. 
 I cause to go on, to succeed. 
 Vossius : " Eundi et procedendi 
 verba prope in omnibus linguis 
 usurpantur, cum bene res habet." 
 ^f Al. from /3Jco, to fill full, and 
 so satisfy. 2 
 
 Berbex, the same as Vervex. 
 
 Beryllus, a beryl. BypuX- 
 Kog. 
 
 Bes, bessis, eight ounces or 
 two thirds of an as; eight inches, 
 or two thirds of a foot ; two 
 
 2 Al. from <pd<0, I make to shine, I 
 make bright, applied particularly to light- 
 ing up the face with joy. 
 
BBS- 
 
 'S ID 
 
 51 
 
 thirds. For dues, duessis, (as Du- 
 ellum, Bellum ; Duis, Bis,) fr. 
 duo and as, ctssis. Properly, two 
 parts of an As, The whole As 
 is tacitly supposed to be divided 
 into three parts. "£x tribus 
 assis partibus, qu^e sunt trientes, 
 duas continet." F. So the 
 later Greeks for Bes said 8/ju,o<- 
 pov, " which signifies/' says For- 
 cellini, " two parts of a whole 
 which is divided into three." 1 
 
 Bestia: See Appendix. 
 
 Bestiarius, one who fought 
 with wild beasts at the public 
 games. Fr. bestia. 
 
 Beta, the second letter of the 
 Greek alphabet. Erjr«. 
 
 Beta, beet. From the resem- 
 blance of its seed, when it swells 
 out, to the letter B. Columella: 
 " Nomine turn Graio ceu litera 
 proxima prima? Pangitur in cer& 
 docti mucrone magistri ; Sic et 
 humo pingui ferrataa cuspidis 
 ictu Deprimitur folio viridis, 
 pede Candida beta." 
 
 Betalis. "■ Petronius : Lon- 
 ge tibi sit comula ista betalis. 
 That is, soft and diffused like 
 (beta) beet. Others read bessalis, 
 of small value, fr. bes, bessis." F. 
 
 Betizo, I am languid. From 
 the soft and tender stalk and 
 leaves of the beta. Catullus: 
 <f Languidior tenera beta." 
 
 1 Vossius supposes that, the first seven 
 parts of the As having heen formed by 
 increasing the sum, the Latins stopped 
 here, and formed all the rest by decreas- 
 ing . it. So that bes is from de asse. 
 1T Varro says : " A duodecim una demta 
 uncia, deunx ; demto sextante, dextans ; 
 demto quadrante, dodrans" — So far, so 
 good — he adds : " demto triente, bes, 
 ohm des" What a falling off" is here ! 
 
 Beto, Bito, I go, walk. Fr. 
 /3aa>, /3=/3v}t«i, to go. Or fr. 
 /3sa>, j8e/3sT«i, as flew, T60st«i. Bsl- 
 opoti is in use. ^f (t Fr. fioLrub, 
 same as month, I tread." Ainsw. 
 BcctsIv is explained by Hesychius 
 wopeveiv, itopiiv. 
 
 Betonica, Vetomca, Vettoni- 
 ca, the herb betony. Pliny : 
 " Vettones in Hispanic invenere 
 earn, quae vettonica dicitur in 
 Gallia." Turton mentions Welsh 
 betwn. 
 
 Betula, Betulla, a birch-tree. 
 From the British bedu, says 
 Vossius. From the Celtic 
 beitha, says Quayle. 2 " Betula 
 seems to have sprung in Belgic 
 Gaul from the Germ, wit, 
 white ; and to signify nothing 
 but alrula. Plinv calls it 
 Gallica arbor." W. " 
 
 Biarchus, a victualler. Blotg- 
 
 Biblia, the Bible. From 
 Bifiklu, the Books. 
 
 Bibliopola, a bookseller. Bifi- 
 
 Bibliotheca, a library, book- 
 shelf. JBlj3AiO0ljx»J. 
 
 Biblus, an Egyptian plant, of 
 the bark of which paper was 
 first made. BiSkog, fiufiko;. 
 
 Biboy I drink. Fr. nloo ; 
 whence bio, biBo, as from /3<«;, 
 vio, is viVo. 
 
 Biclinium, a dining-room 
 with two couches in it : See 
 Triclinium. 
 
 Bidens, having two teeth. Fr. 
 bis and dens. It is said of a hoe 
 or drag to break up clods with. 
 It is said also of a sheep fit for 
 
 2 ClassicalJournal, 3, 121. 
 
.T<? 
 
 BID- 
 
 BIS 
 
 a sacrifice; such sheep being 
 chosen for the purpose as had 
 two teeth prominent among the 
 rest, or longer than the rest. 
 Festus : " Bidentes, duos den- 
 tes longiores ceteris habentes." 
 For Longiores Servius has Emi- 
 nentiores; Isidorus has Altiores. 
 Bide?is is here better thought 
 to be put for biens (as D is 
 added in proDes, meDulla,) for 
 biennis ; the victim being re- 
 quired to be two years old. Bi- 
 dens is said also of any sheep, 
 of one not intended for the 
 sacrifices. 
 
 Bidental, a place which has 
 been blasted with lightning, for 
 the expiation of which a bidens 
 has been sacrificed. By this 
 sacrifice the spot became sacred 
 and devoted to religion. Bi- 
 dental is used also for a man 
 struck with lightning and re- 
 quiring expiation. 
 
 Baduum, the period of two 
 days. For bidium, fr. bis and dies. 
 
 Bifariam, in two ways, pla- 
 ces, or parts. The fern. ace. 
 of bifarius. Used adverbially. 
 Bifarius is fr. bis and fari, to 
 speak, in imitation of the Greek 
 $i$u<r;og fr. §)$, twice, and <puw, 
 I speak. 
 
 Bifidus, split into two parts. 
 Fr. bis, and Jido,Jindo. 
 
 Blga, a chariot drawn by two 
 horses; a pair of horses yoked 
 to a chariot. Fr. bis and ago. 
 For biaga. ^f Or for bijuga. 
 See Quadrigas. 
 
 Bigerriga, Bigerrica, a kind 
 of coarse garment, worn by the 
 Bigerri a people at the Pyre- 
 nees. 
 
 Bilinguis, deceitful. From 
 bis, lingua. That is, double- 
 tongued. 
 
 Bilis, gall, bile. Ains worth : 
 "From $uu\oc y bad; juice being 
 understood." We have Vilis 
 also from <pav\o$. 
 
 Bilix, icis, woven with a 
 double thread. Fr. bis and 
 licium. 
 
 Bimus, of two years, of two 
 years old. Fr. bis, somewhat 
 as Bini from Bis. That Annus 
 should be understood in bimus 
 is remarkable; as it is as much 
 needed as hog in herfe. Bimus 
 however cannot be put for bian- 
 721/5, as some suppose. Per- 
 haps, as Imus is a termination 
 in Alimus, (whence Almus,) so 
 from bis and annus is biennimus, 
 thence bimus, as Brevissima 
 becomes Bruma. We have also 
 Trimus, Quadrimus. 
 
 Bini, two, two by two. Fr. 
 bis. So Trim. 
 
 Bwthanatus, one who lays 
 violent hands on himself. Bio- 
 
 OtXVOlTOC. 
 
 Bipalium, a mattock or pick- 
 axe with two bills. Fr: bis and 
 pala. 
 
 Bipennis (securis), a double- 
 edged battle-axe. For bipinnis, 
 from bis; and pinna, a point, 
 whence pinna is applied to the 
 points of temples and walls. 
 Some contend that penna meant 
 a point, as well as pinna. See 
 Pinna. 
 
 Birrus: See Burrus. 
 
 Bis, twice. For dais (as 
 Duellum, Bellum) fr. duo. 
 
 Bhon, a kind of wild ox. 
 Gr. (3'ktmv. It is* a German 
 
BIS 
 
 BOi 
 
 53 
 
 animal, and, we may suppose, of 
 German origin. 
 
 Bispe/lio, Blpellio, crafty. 
 From bis and pellis. Having 
 two skins. So Versipellis. 
 
 Bissextus dies, the bissextile 
 or intercalary day, which was 
 added every fourth year (i. e. 
 leap-year), when the 24th and 
 25th of February were both 
 styled the 6th of the calends of 
 March. 
 
 Btto : See Beto. 
 
 Bituce, Scythian women who 
 had two pupils in each eye. 
 Fr. bis and tueor. But the 
 word is of doubtful reading. 
 
 Batumen, a fat unctuous mat- 
 ter dug out of the earth or 
 scummed from lakes. For pi- 
 tumen fr. kittso^x or 7riTToof/.oi, 
 pitch. % AI. from ir'nvg, pine. 
 " That is, pitch. As flowing 
 from the pine tree." Tt. 
 
 Blasus, stammering, lisping, 
 mispronouncing the R. BXcii- 
 0-6$. 
 
 Blandior, I soothe, caress, 
 flatter. That is, I speak (blanda) 
 soothing words to a person. 
 
 Blandus, soothing, flattering, 
 mild, gentle, placid. For phlan- 
 dus (as <£aA«»va, Bala?na) fr. 
 <p\ud'jo, Doric form of <£A>}5&o, I 
 trifle, speak triflingly. Hence, 
 I speak unmeaning idle words, 
 caress, flatter. The N added 
 as in Splendeo from ^ttXyjIsco. 
 % Or for plaudits fr. TrAavaw, I 
 make to wander, deceive. From 
 7rXavaco might be formed 7rAava- 
 S>]v,7rAav8>jv. Or •KXavuoijplanidus. 
 
 Blasphemo, I speak evil of, 
 blaspheme. .BAao-^aw. 
 
 Bldttro, I babble, talk idly, 
 
 prate. It is applied also to the 
 sounds made by camels, frogs, 
 and rams. Blateren was a Teu- 
 tonic verb signifying to talk 
 idly. In the North of England, 
 says Todd, to blather is to talk 
 nonsense. Forcellini refers bla- 
 tero to blatio, I talk idly. All 
 these words were perhaps formed 
 from the sound blat. We apply 
 bleating to sheep. 
 
 Blatio : See Blalero. 
 
 Blattciy a moth or worm 
 which eats clothes or books. 
 For blapta fr. /3a«7T7co, I hurt. 
 It is used also for a chafer or 
 beetle. 
 
 Blatta: See Appendix. 
 
 Blaitaria } the herb purple or 
 moth-muilein. As harbouring 
 blattas. 
 
 Blendius, some small sea fish. 
 " Every edition of Pliny, except 
 that of Harduin, has blenius, 
 which is a more probable read- 
 ing ; for Athenaeus calls it /3s- 
 Aej/voj, and Oppian fiXevvos." F. 
 
 BlennuSy foolish. Fr. /3As'vv#, 
 mucus from the nose. Hence 
 the Romans spoke of a quick 
 man as a man Emunctce naris. 
 Blenni dentes in Plautus is 
 translated, teeth full of a kind 
 of mucous filth. 
 
 Bliteus, as insipid as the herb 
 jSa/tov, blitum, blit. 
 
 Boa : See Appendix. 
 
 Boa: See Appendix. 
 
 Boethi, assistants, deputies. 
 BoYikl. 
 
 BoicB, a collar or yoke about 
 the neck with which slaves were 
 punished. Fr. /3oWj, appertain- 
 ing to oxen. As made of ox- 
 hide. 5T " Cangius has boga. 
 
54 
 
 BOL- 
 
 BOX 
 
 Boia or boja was an iron or 
 wooden circle, from bugen, to 
 curve." W. 
 
 Boletar, a vessel to serve up 
 (boletos) mushrooms in. Hence 
 any vessel. 
 
 Boletus 9 a mushroom of the 
 finest sort. BooXityjs. 
 
 Bolonce, fishermen who buy 
 whole draughts of fish to sell 
 again or who deal in large fish. 
 Fr. fioXog, a draught of fishes ; 
 and covc'co or wiopoti, I buy. 
 
 Bolus, a throw or cast ; cast 
 of a net, draught of fishes; any 
 prey or gain. Fr. /S0A.05. " Tan- 
 gere or Multare aliquem bolo, 
 is to circumvent, deceive ; a 
 metaphor taken from fishermen 
 deceiving fishes with a net." 
 F. 
 
 Bolus, a morsel, bit. Fr. 
 /3«jAoc, a lump. 
 
 Bombax, an interjection of 
 contempt or negligence. Bopfiu%. 
 
 Bombus, the humming or 
 buzziug of bees; the blast of a 
 trumpet. Bo[x(3o$. 
 
 Bombyx, the Greek Bopfivg. 
 A silk-worm. But it is doubted 
 whether this silk-worm was the 
 same as ours. The word is 
 used for a garment made from 
 the silk spun by the bornbyx. 
 And for cotton, as made from 
 the down or wool on leaves, 
 which in its softness resembled 
 the silk spun by the bombyx. 
 
 Bonus, good. For vonus fr. 
 ovoLoo, ovw, Vovw, (as Vetus from 
 *Eto$,) I help, am useful. So 
 XgW™! 1S g°°d, from xpdofuzi, 
 pp. xe^prj<TTa< : Properly, useful. 
 So bonus is used by Virgil : 
 ** At myrtus validis hastilibus 
 
 et bona bello Cornus." That is, 
 useful for.' ^f Al. for benus 
 (whence bene) from beo. That 
 which blesses us or makes us 
 happy. Hence bonus became 
 ramified into numerous senses. 
 ^[ Al. from ttovcu, (as Buxus 
 from IIu%qc,~) to labor, to be in- 
 dustrious; goodness being esti- 
 timated by industry. As the 
 Greek (rnovdouog, diligent, was 
 put for uyaftog, good.* 
 
 Boo, I roar aloud. Fr. /3oa>. 
 If Al. from the voice {bourn) of 
 oxen. 
 
 Bootes, the keeper of the 
 Bear in the heavens. Booor^g. 
 
 Boreas, the North wind. Bo- 
 pkug. 
 
 Borra, the North wind. Bop- 
 
 Bos, bovis, an ox or cow. 
 Fr. /3oDj, (3ooc, whence boVis, 
 boVs, bos. Or bos is the Doric 
 
 Boschis, Boscis, Boscas, a 
 marsh bird. Boa-xdg. 
 
 Bostrychus, a lock of hair. 
 Boo-rpv^og. 
 
 Bothynus, a kind of comet in 
 the form of a pit. BoQvvog. 
 
 Botronatum, an article of fe- 
 male dress, consisting of pearls, 
 put together so as to resemble a 
 (fioTpvg) cluster of grapes. 
 
 1 So Wachter derives Germ, bass» 
 bonus, from batten, juvare. 
 
 2 It is objected that duenus and duonus 
 were the original forms of benus and bo- 
 nus. But it may be answered that du- 
 enus and duonus were used, not as the 
 original forms of benus and bonus, but as 
 imitative of Duellumthe original form of 
 Bellum, and of Duis the original form of 
 Bis. 
 
B OT- 
 
 ERO 
 
 55 
 
 Botryo, a bunch of grapes or 
 of preserved grapes. 1 Borpvwv. 
 
 Botulus, a sausage. For 
 bothuhis fr. /3u0«Aov, 2 which, says 
 Vossius, the ancients explain 
 by /3uerju,a,a cramming or stuffing. 
 As Farcimen from Farcio. 
 If Al. from /3oto£, food. 
 
 Bovile, an ox-stall. Fr. bos, 
 bovis. So Cubile. 
 
 Bovinor, I shuffle, shift, am 
 inconstant. Fr. boves. Taken 
 from lean oxen taking breath in 
 ploughing. See Strigosus, 
 which Lucilius joins with Bovi- 
 nator„ 
 
 Bovo, I roar aloud. Fr. bos, 
 bovis. Or fr. jSow. 
 
 Brabeum, Brabium, Bravl- 
 um, the meed of victory. Bpa- 
 
 Brdbeuta, one who presided 
 at the public games and distribu- 
 ted the prizes to the victors. 
 Bpct(3suTYjg. 
 
 Braca, Bracca, breeches, 
 trowsers. Todd : " Brek, old 
 Goth., the knee ; brok, the 
 covering or breeches. Brag, 
 Celt. Brec, Sax., whence breeks, 
 still a common word for breeches 
 in the north of England." 
 Wachter: <s Germ, bruch, An- 
 glo-Sax. brae, Belg. broek. 
 Hence Gr. (Bgoixot, Lat. bracca. 
 Diodorus says they were so 
 called by the Gauls and the 
 Germans. Lucan attributes the 
 origin of them to the Sarmatians. 
 Sperling explains them as being 
 divided between the thighs. 
 
 1 " Alii intelligunt liquamen ex ovis 
 piscium, quia ova sic condita ita mutuo 
 adhjerescunt, ut in uva acini." F. 
 
 2 BvQaAou is from fiva, 4&66iiv. 
 
 The word is not from brechen, 
 to break, but from brechen, to 
 rend or cut." Theocritus speaks 
 of water fipdxYj such as women 
 wear. Some write it bracha, 
 referring it to fipu%v$, short. 
 
 Brachium, the arm. Bpa^ioov. 
 5f Wachter refers both the Greek 
 and Latin to Celtic braich or 
 brech, from brechen, to break. 
 The arm being broken in the 
 middle. 
 
 Bractea, a thin leaf or plate 
 of gold, &c. Fr. fipoLX 00 » PP- 
 fiefigctXTai, I crack, crackle. 
 Virgil: " Leni crepitabat 
 bractea vento." 
 
 Branchia, the gill of a fish. 
 Bpayxiov. 
 
 Brassica : See Appendix. 
 
 Brevia (loca), shallows, 
 shoals. Fr. brevis, in imitation 
 of Gr. fipw/sa. from /fya^vc. 
 Places where the water is 
 short. 
 
 Brevis, short. From $p*yy$, 
 brachiSf might be brahis, as 
 veCHo became veHo. Then, 
 as SAyg became dEVir, (whence 
 Levir,) brahis might become 
 brevhis, brevis. 
 
 Bria, 
 
 Brimo, Hecate. Bpifiu). 
 
 Brisa, a lump of trodden or 
 pressed grapes, with which was 
 made a second sort of wine. 
 Fr. /%/?«;, fZpi<ru>, explained by 
 Hesychius, to press. Our word 
 bruise seems not remote, ^f Al. 
 for brysa fr. /3guco, fipvo-co, to 
 make to flow out. " Quia, cum 
 calcatur, vini liquorem effun- 
 dit." F. 
 
 Brocchus, Brochus, having 
 one's teeth standing out. Fr. 
 
56 
 
 BRO- 
 
 BUC 
 
 Trpos^g, projecting, or a word 
 7rpoo%o$, like s^o^og. 
 
 Bromius, Bacchus. Bpofxiog, 
 
 Bromosus, fetid, smelling 
 strong. Fr. fipwpo;, stink. 
 
 Bruchus, a kind of locust. 
 Bpov^og, /3got5xoc. 
 
 Bruma, the shortest day of 
 the year, the winter solstice ; 
 winter. For brevissima, whence 
 brevima, (as Exterrima, Exti- 
 nia,) breuma, (as Aviceps, Au- 
 ceps,) bruma. Or for brevissu- 
 ma, breuma. Haigh seems to 
 understand by bruma, brevissima 
 TEMPEstas : " Because the 
 days are then shortest." 
 
 Bruttiani, slaves whose busi- 
 ness it was to attend on the 
 provincial magistrates, and to 
 be runners or letter-carriers. 
 From the Bruttii, a people of 
 Italy, who were the first to join 
 with Hannibal, and were hence 
 degraded by the people of Rome. 
 Gellius, 10, 3. 1 
 
 Brutus, dull, senseless. From 
 /3apt/njs, (jSgw-njj), heaviness. 
 Hence bruta, senseless things, 
 is applied to brutes, % " From 
 Chald. briuty folly." Tt. 
 
 Bryonia, a wild vine. Bpvo)- 
 via. 
 
 Bu — , a prefix expressing 
 hugeness. From (3ov — . 
 
 Bubalus, a wild animal in 
 Africa, like a calf and stag. 
 Bo6(3ukos. 
 
 1 Dacier : " Ab ultimis usque sreculis 
 victorious is mos fuit ut gentes devictas, 
 quas penitus nollent exscindere, ad vi!ia 
 servilia cogerent. Sic Josue Gabaonitas, 
 quos delere ei nefas erat propter sacra- 
 menturn, aquatores fecit et lignarios." 
 
 Bubile, an ox-stall. Fr. fat- 
 bits dat. pi. of bos. We have 
 also Bovile. 
 
 Bubo, a horned owl. From 
 the sound bu which.it makes. 
 Gr. (36u§. Or from (Suae, 
 whence buo, and bubo, like thco, 
 biBo. " Monstrum illud noctis 
 Latinis per imitationem dicitur 
 bubo, Germanis uhu. Unde 
 nisi a clamore lugubri ? Est 
 enim bubo, ut Plinius ait, fune- 
 bris, nee cantu aliquo vocalis 
 sed gemitu." W. 
 
 Bubsequa, a herdsman. A 
 bubus sequendis. Or it is for 
 bovisequa, whence bovsequa, 
 buvsequa, bubsequa. 
 
 Bubulcito, I declaim more in 
 the manner (bubulcorum) of 
 herdsmen than of orators. 
 
 Bubulcus, a herdsman. Fr. 
 bubus pi. of bos. So Subulcus, 
 Hiulcus, Petulcus. Or, as bu 
 in bubus is long, bubulcus is 
 for buulcus, for boviulcus, bo'i- 
 u/cus : the second B added as 
 in biBo. 
 
 Bubus, dat. pi. of bos. For 
 bovibus, whence boibus, bubus, 
 as Providens, Proidens, Pru- 
 dens. 
 
 Bucada, Budda, one who 
 (caditur) is beaten with thongs 
 made from ox-hide. Bu is for 
 bovi, box, from bovis, 
 
 Bucca, the inner part of the 
 cheek ; the cheek. A flute- 
 player and a mob-orator, from 
 their swelling their cheeks, 
 "■ From Hebr. buca, hollow, 
 empty. The interior cavity of 
 the cheeks. Or from |3u£oo, I 
 inflate." V. % Or from <puo->j- 
 riXY), capable of blowing or in- 
 
BUC- 
 
 ■BUM 
 
 57 
 
 flating ; cut down to Qutxyj, 
 Qvrxoi, whence butca, as <Pa?^uivct, 
 Balaena ; and for softness bucca. 
 
 Buccea, a mouthful. Fr. 
 bucca. 
 
 Buccella, a small mouthful 
 or morsel. Fr. bucca. Also, 
 bread made like a crown and 
 distributed by the Emperors to 
 the Romans. 
 
 Buccellarius, an attendant 
 acting as a body guard of his 
 lord for the sake {buccella) of 
 bread or a livelihood. 
 
 Bucco, onis. " An arrogant 
 fellow, puffing out (buccas) his 
 cheeks ; a talker, and particu- 
 larly one who publishes his 
 praises (plenis buccis) with full 
 cheeks." V. "A fool, blockhead. 
 For such, as have (magnas buc- 
 cas) large cheeks, are usually 
 blockheads." F. % Al. from 
 fisxxog, foolish. 
 
 Buccula, a little cheek ; the 
 beaver of a helmet as covering 
 the cheeks ; the boss of a shield 
 as bearing the face of a man 
 whose cheek is in the middle ; 
 a shield itself. Fr. bucca. 
 
 Bucerus, having ox-horns or 
 great horns. Bouxspwg. 
 
 Bucetum, a pasture for cattle. 
 For bovicetum, as Providens, 
 Prudens. But the word seems 
 badly formed. For the C in 
 Fruticetum, Salicetum, is from 
 FrutiCis, SaliCis. 
 
 Bucina, Buccina, a trumpet, 
 horn. Fr. |3wxay)j, as TgvTuwi, 
 Trutina. 
 
 Bucolicus, pastoral. Bouxo- 
 
 k\XQ$. 
 
 Bucula, a heifer. For bovi- 
 cula, as Providens, Prudens. 
 Etym. 
 
 Bufo, a toad. " From 
 Germ, puffen, to puff. Rana 
 inflata." W. f Al. from |3u/3o ? , 
 full, loaded, large. 
 
 Buglossa, the herb ox-tongue. 
 Bovy\oo<7aro$. 
 
 Bulbus, a bulb, bulbous 
 root ; onion, leek, &c. BoXfio$. 
 
 Bute, a Senate. BovXy. 
 
 Bulga, a leathern bag, budget. 
 For bolga fr. /3oAyos, iEolic 
 form of ^oXyog. " Balg, belg, 
 badgy &c. a leathern sack. A 
 very ancient Celtic word, used 
 by the Gauls, Britons, Goths, 
 Saxons, and Franks." W. 
 
 Bulimans, famished. JBouAi- 
 
 jXIWV. 
 
 Bulla, a bubble in water ; 
 and, from the form, the head of 
 a nail or studd ; a boss or orna- 
 ment in the shape of a heart 
 worn round the neck by children 
 until they were seventeen years 
 old. Fr. <pvG-txXy], same as <pu(ra- 
 X)g y a bubble. Hence phusla, 
 busla, (as QcLXanvct, Balaena) 
 bulla. % Al. from /3oX}, j3oA«, 
 /3oXX«, a throw. As said of a 
 bubble made by throwing a 
 stone in the water, % Or from 
 TToiWot, a round ball, iEol. nok- 
 A», whence bolla, bulla. Or 
 from the northern boll, a ball, 
 sphere. 1 
 
 Bumamma, a kind of large 
 grape swelling like a teat. Fr. 
 /Sou — , a prefix expressing mag- 
 nitude, and mamma. 
 
 Bumastus, the same as Bu- 
 mamma. Boufiourros. 
 
 1 Varro refers it to fSov\i\ : the bulla 
 being given at a time when persons came 
 to years of prudence. 
 
 H 
 
58 
 
 BUR- 
 
 CAC 
 
 Burdo, a mule engendered of 
 a horse and she-ass. " From 
 Hebr. pered, (perd,) the same as 
 burdo." Becman. *[[ " From 
 Germ, burden, to cany a bur- 
 den." VV. The word burdo is 
 " vox cadentis Latinitatis." 
 
 Bura, Buris, a crooked piece 
 of wood forming the trunk or 
 principal part of the plough and 
 lying between the beam and the 
 plough-share. Quayle explains 
 it the curved hinder part of the 
 plough, called the plough-tail 
 or plough-handle. " From /3ooj 
 ovpoi, [/3ooupa,] as being curved 
 like the tail of an ox. Rather, 
 for bunis, (as ^oNa, moRa ; Sej- 
 Nh$, diRus,) iEolic for vvig, a 
 plough-share." V. From vvig 
 might be vunis, bunis, then bu- 
 
 ris. 
 
 Burgus, a castle, fort ; a 
 town shut in by a fort. Fr. 
 nupyoc, a tower ; or from the 
 northern languages, in which we 
 have burg, burgh, burh, for a 
 citadel or city. 
 
 Buricus, Burricus, a little 
 sorry horse. For p ur ricus, from 
 Truppixps, of a red color. 
 
 Burred: See Appendix. 
 
 Burrio, said of the humming 
 noise made by ants, and formed 
 from the sound burr. But the 
 reading is disputed. 
 
 Burrus, red, ruddy. Tlup- 
 poc. 
 
 Burrus, a coarse outer gar- 
 ment (burri colons) of a red 
 color. 
 
 Bustqua, for bubsequa : or 
 for bovisequa, boisequa. 
 
 Bustuarii, gladiators who 
 fought at the (bustum) grave of 
 
 some great man, in honor of his 
 memory. 
 
 Bustum, a place where the 
 bodies of the dead were burnt 
 and buried; a tomb. Fr. buro, 
 (whence Comburo,) bustum, as 
 Uro, Ustum. 
 
 Buteo, 
 
 Buthysia, a sacrifice of oxen. 
 BovQutrloi. 
 
 Butio, 
 
 Butyrum, butter. Bourvpov. 
 
 Buxeus, of a pale yellow color 
 like that of the buxus* 
 
 Buxus, the box-tree, box- 
 wood. IIv%os, 
 
 Byrsa, a hide. Bvgo~a. 
 
 Byssus, a kind of fine flax or 
 lint. Bua-arog. 
 
 c. 
 
 Cdballus, a pack-horse. K«- 
 
 Cacabatus, blacked like a 
 (cacabus) kettle. 
 
 Cdcdbo, I cry like a (xaxxa/3a) 
 partridge. 
 
 Cacabus, Caccabus, a pot, 
 kettle. Kuxxctfios. 
 
 Cdchinno, I laugh right out. 
 For cachino from xa.ya.v<h (as 
 Fascinus from fioLo-xctvos) fut. of 
 xa^odveo x same as xuyaXjti* 
 
 Caco, I go to stool. Kaxco. 
 Celt. kek. 
 
 Cacoethes, a bad habit. To 
 
 XUX0^S$. 
 
 Cdcozelus, a bad imitator. 
 A'axo&jAoj. 
 
 Cdcula, the slave of a com- 
 mon soldier, a soldier's drudge. 
 
 1 So Kax^a'W exists as well as ko« 
 XAcifr. 
 
CAC 
 
 CfliL 
 
 59 
 
 Fr. xuxog, timid, runaway. 
 " Caculce non sunt in numero 
 militum, sed imbelliurn et qui 
 primi fugam capessere solent." 
 Seal. 
 
 Cdcumen, the sharp point or 
 top of anything. For acacumen 
 (as Rarus for Ararus, Lamina 
 for Elamina,) reduplicated from 
 acumen; or from an JEolic 
 word uxvod, axaxvoo ; or fr. otxeco, 
 whence axuxsco, uxotxoufjLevov, 
 pointed. ^[ Al. for coacumen, 
 as said of divers things converg- 
 ing to a point. " Ubi acumina 
 in unum coeant" Ainsw. 1 
 
 Cadaver, a dead body. Fr. 
 cado. As a dead body cannot 
 support itself. Or as being 
 made to fall in battle. Virgil: 
 " Belioque caduci Dardanidse." 
 The Greeks say veo-vipu and tttoj- 
 jita from Tctvkw and ktooo, to fall. 
 And perhaps Carcass is Caro- 
 casa. 
 
 Cadwus, falling of itself. Fr. 
 cado. As Subseco, Subsecivus. 
 
 Cado, I fall. Fr. xutoo, down- 
 wards ; or xutsoo, xutw same as 
 xdreifju, I go down, % Al. from 
 ^aBw fut. 2. of%d%co, 1 fall back, 
 yield, ^f Quayle notices Celt. 
 kadym. 2, 
 
 Caduceum, Caduceus, a he- 
 rald's staff; the staff of Mercury 
 with the figure of two snakes 
 twisted about it. For caruceum, 
 xupvxeov, the Syracusan form of 
 xygvxsiov. 
 
 Caducus, ready to fall; that 
 under which one is ready to fall, 
 
 1 Al. for acumen, as some derive Caula 
 from Aula or av\j}. 
 
 2 Classical Journal, Vol. 3, p. 121. 
 
 as in Morbus caducus, the fall- 
 ing sickness; &c. From cado. 
 
 Cddurcum, a blanket or quilt ; 
 or a cushion or mattress. From 
 the Cadurci, a people of Gaul. 
 Pliny : " Nullum est candidius 
 linum lanaeve similius ; sicut in 
 culcitis praecipuam gloriam Ca- 
 durci obtinent Galliarum." 
 
 Cddus, a cask ; measure. 
 Kdlog, " Hebr. kadh, Germ. 
 cad." W. 
 
 Cacias, the north-east wind. 
 Kotixlac. 
 
 Cacus, blind. From a word 
 doxxo$, as Sophocles has avoju^a- 
 Tog, without eyes ; transp. xdoxog, 
 whence ccectts, as pouo-AO, mu- 
 siE. Somewhat similarly from 
 'ivxoo we have <rxloo, scio. 
 
 Cades, a cutting, felling, kill- 
 ing, &c. From cado. 
 
 Cado, I cut, fell, kill. From 
 xotlfyv formed from xzxmtcu pp. 
 of xottw, (whence xuivoo, I kill) 
 same as xdoo, xsc/j, xsdfa, I split. 
 ^f Or fr. xsa§>jv (transp. xaefyv) 
 formed from xexsurui pp. of 
 xedZoo. ^ Al. from notica, to 
 beat ; iEol. xctiu), as wo<ros, J£ol. 
 xoorog. 
 
 Cal, short for calum, heaven. 
 As dco for Ivopa. 
 
 Calebs, Calebs, ibis, unmar- 
 ried, single. And a widower. 
 Fr. xoihify for xoiroK^, "carens 
 concubitu," as xsqxokity is one 
 who is without a tail. 
 
 Calo or Calo, I carve, en- 
 grave, emboss. Fr. xoikw, I 
 hollow, excavate. Compare 
 y\u<pvo with yXa<pw, yXo«pvpo$. 
 % Or for casulo fr. casum, as 
 Ustulo from Ustum, Postulo 
 from Postum, 
 
60 
 
 CiEL- 
 
 CiES 
 
 Calum, Calum, the heaven. 
 Fr. xolkov, hollow. That is, 
 the concave of the sky. % Al. 
 from calo. Enihossed with stars. 
 
 Camentum, stones as they 
 come from the quarry, as cut 
 off from larger stones. For 
 cad.imo.ntum from cado, as Mo- 
 neo, Monimentum. It is trans- 
 lated also any stuff of which 
 walls are built, as stones, rub- 
 bish, &c. But that it does not 
 properly mean " cement" is evi- 
 dent from Livy : " C amenta 
 muri non calce durata erant, sed 
 interlita luto." 
 
 Cana. See Ccena. 
 
 Cava, Cape, Cepa, Cepe, an 
 onion. M Saumaise thinks that 
 the iEolians for yyTiov said also 
 yfaiov, whence cape. Or that 
 cape is from the iEolic yr^v 
 for yrfiv ; or even from yccitpv, 
 for the iEolians changed >j into 
 ui, as crxyjv^, (txclivy) whence Scae- 
 na." V. ^[ Donnegan in his 
 Lexicon has : f Kuzia, onions." 
 If Some in too general a sense 
 refer cepa to ar^os; so as to 
 mean garden stuff. 
 
 Carimonia, Caremonia, Ce- 
 remottia, sacred rites, solemn 
 worship, religious ceremony, 
 state. From cents, 1 sacred. 
 Wachter: "Germ, her, sacred; 
 from Upo$, whence cents and 
 cerimo?iia." Or cents is from 
 Ipog, same as Upo$ ; the aspirate 
 changed to C, as "Erepog, Cete- 
 rus ; and I to E, as in Vena 
 from' Ivog. From cents is ceri- 
 monia, as from Sanctus is Sanc- 
 timonia. ^f Al. from the town 
 
 1 See Vossius in Etymol.ad Cserimonia. 
 
 Care, to which the Romans 
 carried their sacred utensils in 
 the war with Gaul. Livy calls 
 Care " sacrarium populi Ro- 
 mani, diyersorium sacerdotum, 
 ac receptaculum Romanorum 
 sacrorum." By way therefore 
 of recompence, says Vossius, the 
 Romans are thought to have 
 given to their sacred rites the 
 name of carimonia from Care. 1 
 
 Carites tabula?. " Carites, 
 a people of Italy, near Care; 
 who, from entertaining the Ves- 
 tal Virgins, when they fled from 
 Rome in the invasions of the 
 Gauls, were rewarded with the 
 freedom of the city of Rome, 
 but without liberty to vote in 
 their elections or to execute any 
 office in the state. Hence * In 
 Caritum tabulas referrealiquem , 
 was applied to a citizen deprived 
 of his right of voting." Ainsvv. 
 
 Carulus, Carulus, Caruleus, 
 sky-blue. Soft for calulus, from 
 calum, the sky. So meRidies 
 for meDidies. 
 
 Casaries, hair. From cado, 
 casum; as Luxuries from Lux us. 
 From the hair being cut ; whence 
 it is more properly applied to 
 men's hair, but not more truly 
 so. Or cado is, to tear to pieces 
 or mangle, to divide ; as from 
 XTsivoo, future xtsvw, is xtsJj, 
 xTevog, a comb. 
 
 Casicius. Plautus : " Tu- 
 nicam spissam, linteolum casi- 
 cium." <( Fine linen cut about 
 
 2 Al. for gerimon ia from gero, as Que- 
 ror, Querimonia. As applied to such 
 sacred things as were carried in the pro- 
 cessions. % Al. for ccBlimonia from cce- 
 lum. 
 
CMS- 
 
 — CAL 
 
 61 
 
 the edge. From ccedo, ccesum. 
 But Nonius will have it to have 
 been whited, by beating in the 
 buck." Ainsw. " Crediderim 
 id esse, cui ton si sunt villi, 
 quod ait Virgilius." Bailey. 
 
 Ccesius: See Appendix. 
 
 Ccespes, Cespes, a turf, sod. 
 For ccesipes fr. cado, ccesum. 
 Festus explains it: "Terra in 
 niodum lateris ccesa cum herba." 
 Pes is a termination, as perhaps 
 iu Sospes, and as Pis in Cuspis, 
 and Ber in Saluber. ^f " Capi- 
 tes, quod ccssione petantur," says 
 Martini. % Al. from <ntsvoo, 
 (whence <ncs7rctgvov) I dig, &c. 
 like (txomttco. Hxeirca, xi(rirca f 
 whence cespes. 
 
 Ccestus, gauntlets, boxing 
 gloves. Fr. ccedo, ccesum, to 
 strike, beat, % Ai. from xe- 
 xolkttou pp. of xaloo, I beat. 
 See Caedes and Cajo. 
 
 Cceterus. See Ceterus. 
 
 Caia, a stick. See Cajo. 
 
 Cajo, I beat. For caio, xuioo. 
 See Caedo. ^[ Al. from wuloo, 
 iEol. xuioo, as novos, iEol. xo- 
 
 Caipor, the boy or servant of 
 Caius. For Caii poer from 
 ■noip whence puer. 
 
 Ca/a, a staff. KaXov. 
 
 Cdlabra curia, a place of 
 convocation for the appointment 
 of festivals, games, and sacrifices. 
 Fr. calo, I call. 
 
 Cdlabrica : See Appendix. 
 
 Calamenta: See Appendix. 
 
 Caldmister, — tram, an iron 
 to curl the hair with. From 
 xotkafug, the same ; whence xu- 
 XapiZw, pp. xsxaAa/jucrTaj. 
 
 Cdldmitas, a storm which 
 
 breaks (calamos) the reeds or 
 stalks of corn ; a violent assault 
 of fortune, a misfortune, &c. 
 Calamus, a reed, &c. KaXa- 
 
 Calathus, a basket. KuXol- 
 Qog. 
 
 Cdlator, a crier, clerk, herald, 
 public servant. It is applied 
 also to a private servant. 1 Fr. 
 calo, I call. 
 
 Calcar, a spur. As tied 
 (calci) to the heel. 
 
 Calceus, a shoe. From calx, 
 calcis. il For it covers the heel 
 contrarily to the Solea which 
 covers only the sole of the 
 feet." V. "^ Al. from calco. 
 
 Calcitro, I kick. That is, 
 I strike (cake) with the heel. 
 So Monstro, Lustro. 
 
 Calco, I tread. That is, I 
 press (calce) with the heel. 
 
 Calculo, I calculate. Fr. 
 calculus, a pebble, counter. 
 
 Calculus, a pebble. Fr. calx, 
 calcis, a stone. 
 
 Caldus, hot. For calidus. 
 
 Calefdcio, I heat. For calere 
 facio. So Candefacio. 
 
 Cdlendce, the calends or first 
 day of each month. Fr. calo, I 
 call. Varro : " Primi dies men- 
 sium nominatse Calendce, ab eo, 
 quod iis calentur ejus mensis 
 
 1 " Sed et in privatis familiis calatores 
 fuere. Festus docet hoc nomine omne 
 servorum genus significari, quia semper 
 vocari possunt ob necessitudinera servi- 
 tutis. Alii dicunt calatorem esse qui no- 
 mina dictat domino, qui et nomenclator 
 appellatur. Alii eum qui alios vocat ad 
 ministerium. Verius puto servos priva- 
 tos a similitudine publicorum nomen ac- 
 cepisse, quod ultro citroque cum manda- 
 tis a domino mitterentur." V. 
 
62 
 
 CAL- 
 
 CAL 
 
 nona? a pontificibtis, quinctaene 
 an septimanae sint futuras, in 
 Capitolio in curia calabra. sic : 
 Dies te quinque calo, Juno No- 
 vella : Septem te dies calo, Juno 
 Novella."_ 
 
 Cdlenddrium, a calendar ; a 
 book in which was registered 
 an account of the interest on 
 money which was paid on the 
 calends of each month. See 
 above. 
 
 Cdleo, I am warm or hot. 
 Fr. xuteog, Doric of xrjksog, 
 burning; or xaXoco Doric of xyj- 
 \6co, I burn. The A should 
 thus be rather long. % Or 
 from %u\soo, J yoLkou», I relax, or 
 am relaxed. As from ^aXico is 
 X^m, x*.ioLivco, I heat, ^f Some, 
 who suppose the C to be pre- 
 fixed to Caula and Cacumen, 
 derive it from oCkka., the heat of 
 the sun. 
 
 Cdliendrum, an ornament for 
 a woman's head. Fr. xaAAuv- 
 rpov, an ornament, whence ca- 
 liuntrum, (as aKAo$, alius,) ca- 
 liundrum, caliendrum. 
 
 Caliga, a half boot set with 
 nails and worn by the common 
 soldiers. Fr. xaXov, wood ; 
 whence calica, (like Manica,) 
 then caliga. ^f " Fr. calx, calcis, 
 whence calcia, calica, caliga " V. 
 If Al. for calyga from a word 
 xuXvyr) formed from xuXvyw 
 fut. 2. of xclKvo-g-u), (whence xa- 
 Auj*, vxog,) I cover. 
 
 Catigo, darkness. Fr. xaco, 
 1 burn ; whence xusKog, xuXog, 
 burnt black, black ; whence ca- 
 
 1 " Xa\4irTa, from x a ^ w same as 
 XaAcfw." Lennep. 
 
 ligo, blackness, darkness. Igo, 
 as in Origo, Vertigo. 51 Al. 
 for call/ go fr. xuXuyYj or xaXkuyn 
 for xaruKvyyi from Xvyv}, dark- 
 ness. If Al. by transp. for acligo 
 from «%Ay£, darkness. As Verto, 
 Vertigo. 
 
 Calim. See Clam. 
 
 Cdlix, a cup, &c. Fr. xuAȣ, 
 as cAnis from xTvoc. 
 
 Callaicus, pertaining to the 
 Callaici or Gallaici, the inha- 
 bitants of Gallicia in Spain. 
 
 Callaicus or Callainus : See 
 Appendix. 
 
 Callais : See Callaicus. 
 
 Calico, said of any thing hard 
 or callous. From callum. 
 Hence it is transferred to the 
 mind. Sulpicius : " In illis re- 
 bus exercitatus animus callere 
 jam debet." Hence callere is 
 to be well practised or versed 
 in, to know well by experience, 
 to be skilful or cunning. Pro- 
 perly, to be hardened in or 
 inured to. " Quoniam, sicut pes 
 vel manus ex longo labore cal- 
 lum obducit, ita mens longa ex- 
 perientia colligit habitum quen- 
 dam rerum in quibus versa- 
 tur." F. This is confirmed by 
 Plautus : " Satin' ea tenes ? 
 Magis calico quam aprugnum 
 callum callet." From calleo is 
 callidus ; a which is well ex- 
 plained by Cicero : " Is, cujus, 
 
 2 Tooke contends that callidus (and of 
 course calleo) is from the northern verb 
 scylan, whence our word Skill. " And 
 it is not unentertaining," he adds, "to 
 observe how the Latin etymologists twist 
 and turn and writhe under the word." 
 This censure is most unreasonable. 
 
CAL- 
 
 CAL 
 
 63 
 
 tanquam manus opere, sic ani- 
 mus usu concalluit." 
 
 Callidus, practised, expe- 
 rienced, shrewd. Fr. calleo, 
 as Caleo, Calidus. 
 
 Calliope, one of the Muses. 
 KctWionYi. 
 
 Callis, a beaten track, made 
 by beasts. From a word callus, 
 hard ; whence callum, which 
 see. Or, at least, from the same 
 word which produced callum. 
 ^f Or from callum itself. As 
 trodden by the callum of the feet 
 of beasts. So itelov is perhaps 
 
 from 7T££, 9TS$0?. 
 
 Callum, hardness or rough- 
 ness of the skin or flesh ; cal- 
 lousness. From a word callus, 
 hard ; formed from xoiXov, or 
 rather xuKXov, (whence xaWivos,) 
 wood ; as Durus, hard, from 
 Aovpv, wood. 1T Al. from xaAij, 
 Doric of XYjKrj, a tumor. 
 
 Caloy I call, summon. KotXco. 
 « Island. Kala, Suec. Kalla."W. 
 
 Calo, a slave employed in 
 bringing wood and stakes for an 
 army. Fr. xuXov, wood ; or 
 cala, a club, &c. 
 
 Cdlophanta, a hypocrite. 
 Kot\o<pavTYis. 
 
 Calor, heat. Fr. caleo, as 
 Ardeo, Ardor. 
 
 Calpar, an earthen wine ves- 
 sel. Fr. xaA7nj, an urn, &c. 
 
 Caltha, the marigold. Fr. 
 xaCkya., as opvl%s$ and opviQsg were 
 interchanged. 
 
 Calva, a scalp, scull. Fr. 
 Ku\v(pYj, xo&$y), a covering ; 
 whence calpha, calva. ^f Al. 
 from Ks<potXrj, xe<pX^, the head ; 
 whence xs\$<x, calf a, calva. 1[A1. 
 from calvus. The head without 
 the hair. 
 
 Cdlumnia, false accusation, 
 slander; a cavil, quirk. Fr. 
 caluo, calvOy I deceive, mislead. 
 ^[ Or from xaXsoi, I accuse, 
 whence xuXovpsvY}, calumina, 
 calumnia. 1 
 
 Calvo, I deceive, mislead. 
 Fr. xaAuTTTco, I conceal, pf. xs- 
 xd\v<pct, whence a verb xu\6<poo, 
 xcL\<poa. That is, I conceal or 
 cover my motive, act towards in 
 a covert manner. Similarly 
 xXstjto) is translated by Donne- 
 gan " to conceal ; to steal ; to 
 mislead or deceive." " KXstt- 
 tw," says Lennep, " videtur 
 dici a teg en do, quod clam 
 fit et tecte." ^f Vossius : 
 " Fr. calvus. I deceive like 
 bald men ; who, when going 
 to fight, assail the hair of 
 others ; whereas, having no hair 
 themselves, they elude the assault 
 of others. So Nonius, who 
 confines it to the stage : Calvi- 
 tur tractum est a calvis mimis 
 quod sint omnibus frustratui." 
 
 Calvus, bald ; shorn. From cal- 
 va. That is, one who has merely 
 the calva. Hence it was after- 
 wards applied more loosely to 
 one who is bald. Calva is de- 
 fined by Forcellini fi Os capitis 
 carne vel capilli& nudatum." 
 If Al. for calphus, for alphus 
 (as the C has been thought to 
 be prefixed to Caula, Cacumen, 
 Caleo), from u\$o<; 9 white ; as 
 <p<xXctxpb$, bald, is from $a\o$, 
 
 1 " 2T77\iTei5w, from cr^Xr], to in- 
 scribe on a pillar : a term either of honor 
 or reproach, unlike the Latin calumnior 
 for columnia from colvmna, by the same 
 analogy, but which is used only in a bad 
 sense." Class. Journ. No. 66. 
 
64 
 
 CAL- 
 
 CAM 
 
 white, % Al. for carvus fr. xa- 
 goo fut. 2. of xelpci), I shear. As 
 piLgrim is for piRgrim from 
 peRegrinus. ^f " From Chald. 
 kalaph, to make bare." Tt. 
 
 Calx, a heel. Fr. callurn, 
 whence callix, (as Matrix,) calx, 
 the hard part of the foot, the 
 heel, % Al. from calco. % Al. 
 from A«£, with the heel. Hence 
 lacs, by transp,- cats, thence 
 calx, as A'ia.2, AjaX. % Al. 
 for alx, oi\% for Xaf. C being 
 here prefixed, as some suppose it 
 prefixed to Caula, Cacumen, &c. 
 ^f Or fr. calx, the end of a 
 course. 
 
 Calx, limestone, lime, mortar. 
 Fr. %a?u£, %«A|, a tlintstone ; 
 or, as it is translated by Schnei- 
 der, " limestone." % Al. from 
 the northern languages. Germ. 
 kalch, kalk ; EngL chalk. 
 
 Calx, the end of a course, 
 goal. " Either metaphorically, 
 in relation to the heel ; or rather 
 because it consisted of a white 
 line drawn with {calx) mortar 
 or some kind of chalk." V. 
 
 Calx, a die. Fr. %aAjf, %aA£, 
 a pebble. 
 
 Calyba, a hut. Kct\6fir\. 
 
 Calyx, the cup or calix of a 
 flower. Kd\v%. 
 
 Cambio, campsi, 1 change, 
 exchange, barter. From xuret- 
 
 or by transp. x«p,/3s»V % Wach- 
 ter says it is manifestly from 
 Germ, cam, the hand, and ex- 
 plains cambio " de manu in ma- 
 num trado." f 
 
 1 Al. from KafiTTTW, fut. 2. Kapfiio : but 
 the senses are not analogous. 
 
 Cdmelus, a camel. Ka^Xog, 
 
 Cdmhia, Cdmama: See Ap- 
 pendix. 
 
 Camera, a vault, arched roof 
 or ceiling ; an upper gallery. 
 Fr. xapctpoi, as it is also written. 
 
 Caminus, a furnace. Kx^i- 
 vo$. 
 
 Cammdrus, Camdrus, a kind 
 of crab-fish. Kappccpos, Kajxa- 
 
 Campdgus, a kind of shoe or 
 buskin worn by senators and 
 emperors. A word of a later 
 age. " From the many (xa/x,7rat) 
 twinings of the latchets which 
 wrapped round the leg crosswise 
 and like network." Salm. 
 
 Campana, a bell. A word 
 of very late date, and derived 
 from the circumstance of Pau- 
 linus, bishop of Nola, a city of 
 Campania, in the time of Jerom, 
 having been the first to intro- 
 duce bells into churches. 
 
 Campe, Campa, a caterpillar. 
 Also, a dolphin or sea horse. 
 
 Campestre, a girdle or pair 
 of drawers worn by those who 
 contended naked in the Campus 
 Martius. 
 
 Campso, I bend. Fr. xap[/«> 
 fut. of xxy,7rToo. 
 
 Campter, the winding of a 
 goal in a course. KoL[*.7rrr)§. 
 
 Campus, a plain, open field, 
 &c. " I embrace Scaliger's 
 opinion that a plain or level 
 place was called campus from 
 the notion of the circus or 
 riding-course which was called 
 by the Sicilians xct^mg from 
 kol^yi, the act of bending or 
 turning round horses ; whence 
 
CAM- 
 
 CAN 
 
 65 
 
 the goal or pillar, round which 
 the chariots turned in a course, 
 was called J4aju/7rr^g." V. 
 
 Camitm, a kind of beverage, 
 mentioned by Ulpian. From 
 the Gothic. 1 
 
 Cdmurus, crooked, crumpled. 
 Fr. xexapuai, xexupui pf. pass, 
 of xa^7iToo f I bend. Or for 
 cammurus. Or h.xsxapou pf. 
 pass, of xaca, whence xaprrw. 
 ^f Macrobius states it to be a 
 foreign word. " Camm'm Welsh 
 is crooked ; and cam in Lan- 
 cashire is awry. Cam, Gaelic, 
 is crooked." Todd. 
 
 Camus, a kind of bridle or 
 bit, a snaffle. Hence, a cord 
 or chain with which slaves and 
 malefactors were fastened to the 
 fork and gallows which they 
 were obliged to carry. Kctpo$, 
 Doric of xYjfx,6$. 
 
 Canalicolce : See Appendix. 
 
 Cdnalis, a conduit pipe; bed 
 of a river ; &c. Fr. %«vof, an 
 opening, cavity. As Aqua, 
 Aqualis. % Or fr. xolvol, (a 
 word existing as well as xavvu) 
 a reed. Virgil : " Mellaque 
 ARUNDKNEis inferre canali- 
 hus." 
 
 Cancellarius, a porter or 
 waiter in the Emperor's court 
 (ad cancellos) at the grated door. 
 u Etiam tribunaSia habebant 
 cancellata septa, quibus esclu- 
 debantur turbae; atque iis prae- 
 positi Canceilarii dicti ; secre- 
 taries, scribes, notaries." F. 
 
 Cancelli : See Appendix. 
 
 Cancello, 1 cross out, erase. 
 Fr. cancelli, 
 
 1 See Wachter in Bier. 
 
 Etym. 
 
 Cancer, a crab. For cancrus 
 fr. xapxivog, xupxvo$, by transp. 
 xuvxpo$. Also, a cancer. From 
 the same Greek word. 
 
 Candela, a torch, made by 
 besmearing cord with pitch, 
 wax or tallow. Fr. candeo, as 
 Suadeo, Suadeia. From its 
 
 shiny color. " Candeo 
 
 dicitur et de iis rebus quae igneo 
 colore splendent." F. 
 
 Candelabrum, a candlestick. 
 Fr. cande/a. 
 
 Candeo, I am white or shiny, 
 glister. Fr. yuvlaca or yavdsoo* 
 1 shine. From yavfivo may have 
 been also cando, (whence Ac- 
 cendo,) I make to shine. Or 
 cando w ? as formed from candeo, 
 as Fugo from Fugio ; that is, 
 Fugere facio. ^] Al. from ca- 
 neo, whence canidus, canideo, 
 candeo, as Aveo, Avidus, Avi- 
 deo, Audeo. 
 
 Candiddtm, a candidate for 
 a post of honor or preferment. 
 Fr. candidus. That is, arrayed 
 in a white garment, which was 
 the dress of candidates. 
 
 Candidas, white. Fr. candeo, 
 as Caleo, Calidus. 
 
 Cando : See Candeo. 
 
 Caneo, I am hoary, white. 
 From yctveu), i am white. 
 If Wachter notices Celtic can, 
 white. 
 
 Canephora, a maid bearing a 
 basket. Kuvtyopos. 
 
 Cariica, wheat- bran. Fr. ca- 
 ms. From its being mixed up 
 with dogs '-meat. 
 
 2 See Mordeo. Tavddv is explained 
 XdfXTTfiv by Hesychius. 
 
66 
 
 CAN 
 
 •CAN 
 
 Cams, a dog. Fr. xvvoc gen. 
 of xuwv, a dog ; as xT\i%, cAlix. 
 Cards was also the lowest throw at 
 dice. " Because/' says Vossius, 
 " it bites, as a dog, the person 
 who throws it." That is, one 
 canis bites the body, the other 
 the mind. In the language of 
 Euripides, this throw is kudIIqls 
 
 Canistrum, a basket. Ka- 
 
 vi<rTpov. z 
 
 Carina, a cane or reed. Kuv- 
 
 VOL. 
 
 Cannabis, hemp. Kavvufiis. 
 
 Cano, I sing. Fr. yawn fut. 
 2. of x a ' iVC0 > I open my mouth. 3 
 Burgess : " Vossius objects : 
 ' Immane distat cantus ab 
 hi an do/ But the inventors 
 i. e. the first users of the names 
 of things took a vast number of 
 them from external signs and 
 adjuncts, and formed them after 
 the shapes and forms of things, 
 and for no other reason. And 
 so cano was formed from the 
 conformation of the mouth, so 
 as to satisfy the sense of vision. 
 Xotlvsiv oiQjpov, ' lamenta hia- 
 re/ is used by Callimachus of 
 Niobe just turned to stone." 
 If Or ya.\voi is to speak ; for 
 Hesy chins has Xavoi^i' sTttoi/ai. 
 So cano will be here much the 
 
 1 Possibly the face of the die, which 
 was called canis, had the representation 
 of a dog. Among the Greeks a coin 
 stamped with the figure of an ox was 
 called fiovs. 
 
 2 Stephens has this word from He- 
 sychius. Vossius derives it from Ka- 
 varrrpoy. From nava might come navifa 
 as well as navafa. 
 
 3 Xdvai' avoifri crufia. Hesych. 
 
 same as Asyco in Anacreon : 
 OsKcti ksyziv *ATps$a$. % Al. 
 from xuvu, a reed. I sing on a 
 reed, ^f Quayle notices Celt. 
 kanym.4 
 
 Canon, a rule, canon. Ka- 
 voov. 
 
 Canorus, melodious, musical, 
 shrill, Fr. canor, oris, the sound 
 or melody of song. So Sono- 
 rus. 
 
 Cantdbrum, 
 
 Canter mum, coarse barley for 
 canterii. 
 
 Canterius or Cantherius, a 
 gelding ; an ass. Fr. xay^Kio^ 
 a large sumpter ass. 
 
 Canterius, the rafters of a 
 house which extend from the 
 ridge to the eaves. For, when 
 taken on both sides, they re- 
 semble a horse's back. (See 
 afyove.) The Italian carpenters 
 call such cavalli, i. e. cahalli. 
 
 Canterius, a rail or stake 
 with two reeds across to prop 
 up a vine. " For, as the can- 
 terius sustains a weight on its 
 back, so this sustains the vine." 
 V. 
 
 Canthdris, a fly of the beetle 
 species. KctvQapl§. 
 
 Cantharus, a cup or pot ; a 
 waterspout. KuvQapog. 
 
 Canthus, the felly of a wheel, 
 or iron with which a wheel is 
 bound. Fr. xavOog, whichis not 
 only described as the orb of the 
 eye, but as the iron or brass 
 upon a wheel. ^f Quintilian 
 states it to be an African or 
 Spanish word. 
 
 4 Classical Journal, Vol. 3, p. 121. 
 Cano 13 referred by Haigh to ydvos, joy. 
 
CAN- 
 
 CAP 
 
 67 
 
 Canto, I sing. Fr. cano, 
 canitum, cantum. 
 
 Canus, hoary. Fr. caneo. 
 
 Cdpax, capacious, large. 
 That is, able (capere) to hold or 
 contain. 
 
 Capedo, a large pot or jug 
 with handles or ears, used at 
 sacrifices. Fr. capio ; as being 
 taken up or held by its handles. 
 So Torpeo, Torpedo. 
 
 Caper, capri, a he-goat. 
 Quayle refers to Celtic gaver. 1 
 % Hesychius says : " K&ftpd* 
 ui%. Tvpfavoi" That is, Among 
 the Tyrrhenians xcmpa is a goat. 
 
 Caper is used like Hire us for 
 the smell arising from the arm- 
 pits ; and called from the smell 
 of the he-goat. 
 
 Cdperare is applied to the 
 wrinkling of the forehead ; from 
 the curled forehead or the curl- 
 ed horns of the (caper) goat. 
 ^f Or from xtxnvgos, parched, 
 and so wrinkled. 
 
 Capesso, I take up, undertake. 
 Fr. capio, as Facio, Facesso. 
 
 Cdpides, the same as capedi- 
 nes. From capis, idis } which 
 from capio, like capedo. 
 
 Cdpillus, the hair. From 
 capitis pilas, whence capitipilns, 
 cut down to capitlus, capilhis. 
 ^f Or from capitis pilulus. capipi- 
 lulus, capipillus, capillus. ^f Al. 
 from ?cajX7ruAo£, xa7ruAo£, curled. 
 
 Capio, I receive, contain, 
 take, take up; undertake; &c. 
 Fr. Kanex, xu7roo fut. 2. of xaVrw. 
 KcIktsiv is explained (inter alia) 
 by Hesychius kzole^ea^ai, to re- 
 ceive ; and by the Etymologicum 
 
 ' Classical Journal, No. 7. p. 121. 
 
 Xjnpziv, to hold or contain. Te- 
 rence : ' Quid turbae est ? iEdes 
 nostras vix capient.' Or fr. 
 XU7TTCD, formed from %«co, (as 
 xolcjo, xtzTTTcio, (rxomrca ; dclco, 8a- 
 TtToo) whence p£«£co, 1 hold, con- 
 tain. Or from %aw, whence 
 %a/«>; and, as paVio is from 
 7r«/a>, «Tra/'oj, so from %a'/'co we 
 should have caVio. But for V 
 we have P, caPio, as Aaar, 
 lais, laPis; and tici'ig, dais, da Pis. 
 ^f Al. from Hebrew cap or 
 caph, the hollow of the hand, 
 That is, I take in my hand. 
 As from %s)p is ky^sipi^a). 
 
 Cdpisterium, a vessel in 
 which grains of corn are put 
 and cleansed by the infusion of 
 water. Fr. crxoapia-TYjpiov, as 
 £<$z\\oo, Fallo. 
 
 Cdpistrum, a halter or head- 
 stall for horses. For capitis- 
 tram fr. caput, capitis, ^f Al. 
 from capio^ (as Luo, Lustrum) ; 
 from its holding or detaining 
 them. " Capi was used by the 
 ancients for Impediri, as Oculis 
 captus. So Varro : i Capiuntur 
 sequi matrem,' i. e. impediuntur, 
 prohibentur." F. ^ Al. from 
 xanYl, a manger, ^f Kairia-rpiov 
 occurs in Hesychius and Suidas, 
 but is supposed to have been 
 received by the later Greeks 
 from the Latins. 
 
 Capital, a coif, covering (c«« 
 pitis) of the head. Also, a 
 crime committed at the risk 
 (capitis) of one's head or life. 
 
 Capitalist pernicious. As af- 
 fecting one's (caput) head or life. 
 
 Cdpitdtio, a tribute or tax 
 paid (in singula capita) by the 
 head. 
 
68 
 
 CAP- 
 
 CAP 
 
 Capitium, a woman's sto- 
 macher. Varro : " Quod capit 
 pectus ; i. e. ut antiqui dicebant, 
 indutu comprehendit." 
 
 Cdpito, one with a big head. 
 Fr. caput, capitis. 
 
 Capitolium, the Capitol, one 
 of the seven hills of Rome, on 
 which was the citadel and the 
 temple of Jupiter Capitolinus. 
 Fr. caput, itis. As being the 
 head of the hills and of the city. 
 
 Cdpitum or Cdpetum, fodder. 
 
 Kci7TY)T0V. 
 
 Capo, Cdpus, a capon. 
 "Germ, capp-han, gallus cas- 
 tratus. Armoric cabon, Anglo- 
 Sax, caput, Gr. infer. xcwrcov, 
 Lat. capo. Vox Germanica, 
 quae ceteris clarior et melior, a 
 castratioue desumta est." W. 
 
 Cappdris, Cappari, a shrub 
 bearing fruit called capers. Kutt- 
 
 Capra, a she-goal. See Caper. 
 
 Caprea, a wild she-goat. Fr. 
 capra. As Ferrum, Ferrea. 
 
 Capreolus, a young roe-buck. 
 Fr. caprea or capreus. Also, a 
 tendril of a vine; from its wind- 
 ing like the horns of roe-bucks. 
 From the same horns capreolus 
 is applied to a forked instrument 
 to dig with. So also capreoli 
 are applied to cross pieces of 
 timber which hold fast larger 
 beams and keep them together. 
 " Similitudinem in eo esse cen- 
 set Barbarus, quod, sicut capre- 
 olus vites, ita ligna iila canterios, 
 complectuntur. Sed magis pla- 
 cet seutentia Baidi, qui ita dici 
 censet a capreolo animali ; quia, 
 ut illi incursant adversis corni- 
 bus et renituntur, ita capreoli 
 
 isti assurgentes capita, seu cor- 
 nua et frontes, canteriorum pon- 
 deribus opponunt." V. 
 
 Cdpricoruus, Capricorn, one 
 of the signs of the Zodiac. Its 
 top part is represented with the 
 fore feet, breast, head, and (cor- 
 nibus) horns (capri) of a goat. 
 
 Cdprificus, a wild fig. " This 
 tree was similarly called rpuyog 
 (a goat) by the Messenians, as 
 Suidas informs us from Pausa- 
 nias." V. It is accounted for 
 by Turton as being a chief food 
 of goats. 
 
 Caprineus, contemptuously 
 applied by Suetonius to Tibe- 
 rius, as being detestable for his 
 vices in his retreat at Caprea. 
 Others derive it a capro. From 
 the odious smell of the armpits. 
 But others read differently. 
 
 Caprdnce, Capronece : See 
 Appendix. 
 
 Capsa, a chest. Fr. capio, 
 capsum, (See Capso,) to hold, 
 contain. ^[ Al. from xapJ/«. 
 ^f Al. from xottyoi, which how- 
 ever Vossius contends the later 
 Greeks took from the Latins. 
 
 Capso, is, it, for capsero, is, 
 it, formed from capsi, ancient 
 perfect of capio. As Faxo 
 from Facio, Facsi. 
 
 Capsus, a driver's box ; a 
 stall, pen. See Capsa. 
 
 Captiosus, given to craft and 
 cavil. Fr. captio, a sophism, 
 quirk, cavil ; made (ad capien- 
 dum) for taking a person una- 
 wares, taking advantage of a 
 person. Or capio is here deca- 
 pio, decipio. 
 
 Capfivus, a captive. One 
 (captus) taken prisoner. 
 
CAP 
 
 CAR 
 
 69 
 
 Capto, I catch at. Fr. capio, 
 capitum, captum. 
 
 Cdpularis, at death's door. 
 Just ready to be carried (in ca- 
 pulo) on a bier. 
 
 Cupula, diminutive of capis. 
 See Capides. 
 
 Cdpuldtor, an officer employ- 
 ed to distribute oil as a dole 
 amongst the people. Fr. capu- 
 lo. "Qui factonbus olei inser- 
 vit et ex uno in aliud vas oleum 
 vinumve diffundit." F. 
 
 Cdpulo, J deal or tilt out oil 
 from one (capuld) vessel into 
 another. 
 
 Cdpulo, I strike, wound. 
 From the (capulus) hilt of a 
 sword. 
 
 Cdpulus, the handle or hilt 
 of a sword. 1 Fr. capio. That 
 part by which I take or hold it 
 in my hand. 
 
 Cdpulus, a bier, coffin ; 
 tomb. Fr. capio. (See above.) 
 As holding or containing, ^f Al. 
 from capis, Ukecapula. A fu- 
 neral chest or urn. 
 
 Caput, capitis, the head. Fr. 
 capitum, ancient supine of capio, 
 I hold, contain. Thus the Head 
 is defined by Johnson " that 
 part of the animal that con- 
 tains the brain or the organ 
 of sensation or thought." ^f Al. 
 from xettgo, (pf. xs'xe<pa, whence 
 xetptxkr),) same as <rxs7ro;, I cover. 
 E into A, as in mAneo from 
 pEvzoo, rAtus from rEor. Or 
 from fut. 2. xa7roo. ^T '* ^ e ^g« 
 Hop, Germ. Kopf. The Goths 
 
 1 "Hacnotione habet obscenum sen- 
 sura apud Plautum." F. 
 
 and Saxons say haubt, which 
 is nothing but caubt." W. z 
 
 Cava or Chara : See Appen- 
 dix. 
 
 Cdrdcalla, a name of Anto- 
 ninus. A Gaulish word. " Ca- 
 racalla was a cassock or side- 
 coat, worn by the ancient Gauls, 
 introduced into Rome and 
 lengthened down to the feet by 
 Antoninus who thence obtained 
 the name." F. 
 
 Carbdsus, fine flax or linen ; 
 a garment, curtain, sail made of 
 it. KoLQnuvos. 
 
 Carbdtina, a coarse kind of 
 shoe. KctpfictTlvr}. 
 
 C&rbo, a bit of wood burning 
 or burnt, charcoal, coal. After 
 deriving Car, Cart, Chair, &c. 
 from an Anglo-Saxon verb sig- 
 nifying To turn, Tooke adds : 
 " So Char-coal is wood turn- 
 e d coal by fire. We borrow no- 
 thing here from Carbo ; but the 
 Latin etymologists must come 
 to us for its meaning, which 
 they cannot find elsewher%. As 
 they must likewise for Cardo, 
 that on which the door is turn- 
 ed and returned." % Yet 
 it seems not so misplaced to 
 derive carbo from xag^co (as 
 *Ap$v), Ambo), I parch, dry up. 
 Coal, i. e. Charcoal, is defined 
 by Johnson "the cinder of 
 scorched wood." Though 
 it is true that xugQca is used 
 rather of things parched by the 
 sun than scorched by fire. Or 
 
 2 Al. from virarov, the highest part. 
 The aspirate changed to C, as in Ceterus 
 from "Erepos ; and T into A, as in cAlix 
 from /cTAi£, cAnis from kTu6s. 
 
70 
 
 CAIt- 
 
 CAR 
 
 carho might be explained wood 
 dried and fit for burning. 
 ^f " From Hebr. charbak, burnt 
 or dried." Tt. 
 
 Carbunculus, a small coal. 
 Fr. carbo, as Furunculus from 
 Furis. Also, a gem resembling 
 a hot burning coal. Also, a 
 hot inflammatory red ulcer, a 
 carbuncle. 
 
 Career, a prison. For coar- 
 cer, fr. coarceo, coerceo. Fronto 
 has "coerceri carcere." ^f Or 
 from xepxupa, for yspyupct, a pri- 
 son. ^[ Or from xapxapot, sta- 
 ted by Hesychius to mean chains. 
 ^f Or from xugxapct, stated by 
 the same to mean pens for cattle. 
 If Al. from the north. 1 
 
 Career, a starting-place. As 
 detaining the horses within it as 
 a prison. 
 
 Carchedonius, a kind of car- 
 buncle, a precious stone. From 
 XugxYjlcov, ovo;, Carthage, once 
 famous for collecting and dis- 
 persing these stones to other 
 parts of the world. 
 
 Carcliesium, holes through 
 the tunnel in a ship whereby the 
 cords, ropes or shrouds are fas- 
 tened. Also, a kind of cup 
 narrower in the middle than at 
 the top or bottom. Kap^Yjcnov. 
 
 Carcinoma, a cancer. Kctg- 
 
 XlVOOlACt. 
 
 Cardiacus, a person laboring 
 under disease in the regions of 
 the heart, called " cardiacus 
 morbus" from xaghuxy]. 
 
 1 Germ, kerker, Goth, karkar, Welsh 
 carchar, Irish carcan. After offering a 
 northern derivation of these words, Wach- 
 ter adds : '' Sed pnestat vocerxi Latinis 
 relinquere." 
 
 Cardo : See Appendix. 
 
 Carduehs, a bird feeding 
 among (carduos) thistles. Sup- 
 posed to be the linnet. 
 
 Carduus, Cardus, a thistk, 
 teazle. Fr*. caro, ere, I card. 
 As fit for teazing wool. Or fr. 
 xoigfyv fr. xexaprou pp. of xelpw, 
 fut. 2. xctgw whence caro, ere. 
 
 Cdrectum, a place where 
 sedges grow. For cariceturri, 
 from carex, wis. 
 
 Carenum, Caroznum : See 
 Appendix. 
 
 Cdreo, I am without, in want 
 of, free from. Fr. yhpidm, Doric 
 of xYjpsuw, I am deprived, am 
 without, % Or fr. %aew, %««;, 
 I am empty. R added, as in 
 nuRus fr. vvbg, uRo from evco. 
 ^f Or fr. xctpcu (i. e. xctgzco) fut. 2. 
 of xsipw. In a neuter sense, I 
 am clipped, cut short of. 
 
 Carex: See Appendix. 
 
 Carica for Carica ficus, a 
 Cariati fig. 
 
 Caries, rottenness, corrup- 
 tion. Fr. xapw fut. 2. of xsi'pco, 
 1 eat, devour. Ainsworth ex- 
 plains it " rottenness in wood or 
 other things, being worm-eat- 
 en." % Some may be disposed 
 to derive it from the same Sax- 
 on word, signifying To turn, 
 from which Tooke derives Car- 
 bo. 
 
 Carina, the keel of a ship. 
 Fr. xagco fut. 2. of xsipco, I cut: 
 like Ango, Angina. Thus Grew : 
 "Her sharp bill serves for a 
 keel to cut the air before 
 her." 2 
 
 2 As the Greeks call a keel rpSms ap- 
 parently from rpeiroy, rerpoTra, it may be 
 
CAK 
 
 ■CAR 
 
 71 
 
 Carls, a prawn. Kupl$. 
 
 Carmen, a card to card wool 
 with. For carimen fr. caro, 
 ere. 
 
 Carmen, a verse ; verse, poe- 
 try ; a song. Fr. cano, whence 
 canimen, canmen, and for soft- 
 ness carmen, as Genimen, Gen- 
 men, Germen. ^f Al, for liar- 
 men, (as Ceterus for Heterus) 
 fr. uppb$, the harmonious pro- 
 portion of parts. 
 
 Carnifex, wis, a hangman. 
 Fr. carnificio, carnifacio. As 
 making living men mere flesh. 
 If Some understand facio here 
 to be coiiftcio, interjicio. 
 
 Caro, 1 card wool. Vossius : 
 " Doubtless, as Scaiiger says, 
 from xslgw, exapov." That is, 
 from fut. c l. xapw. Forcellini 
 says: u A-xsigm, tondeo." But 
 Tondeo has little to do with 
 caro. Ksiga) is, I cut in pieces ; 
 and so may hence perhaps have 
 meant, to dissipate, distract, se- 
 parate. 
 
 Caro, carnis, the flesh of ani- 
 mals, of birds, beasts, fishes. 
 Fr. xapw, fut. Q,. of xelga, I de- 
 vour. Or, 1 cut in pieces, dis- 
 sect. From caro is carinis, (as 
 Homo, Hominis,) thence carnis,, 
 ^f Al. from xpsuTa, (plural of 
 xgea$, flesh,) whence xpkaa, 
 xgeca, transp. xepoo, whence caro, 
 as rAtus for rEtus from rEor. 
 % " From Hebr. carah,food." 
 Tt. 
 
 Carota : See Cara in Appen- 
 dix. 
 
 as well to remind the reader of the i.\orthern 
 word for turning, from which Tooke de- 
 rives Gar, Char, Carbo, Cardo, &c. See 
 Carbo. 
 
 Carpentdrius, a maker (car- 
 pentorum) of chariots or wag- 
 gons, a carpenter. 
 
 Carpentum, — — 
 
 Carpisculus : See -Appendix. 
 
 Carpo, I pull, pluck, gather, 
 crop. Fr. dpvm (as Ceterus 
 from eregos), i. e, ugitaw^ same 
 as agnate, I seize, ^f Or fr. 
 xapTtao, j, e. xagnooo. So xap- 
 iroofiM is explained by Donnegan 
 " to gather fruits or crops ;" 
 and xapTtlZw, " to gather fruits, 
 to gather." 
 
 Carpo, I carp at, find fault 
 with, asperse. That is, I pluck 
 at, pull to pieces. 
 
 Carptor, a carver. One who 
 (carpit) cuts meat into pieces. 
 Seneca has " carpere artus in 
 frusta." Livy has St in mul- 
 tas parvasque partes carpere 
 exercitum," i. e, to parcel out. 
 
 Carpus, the wrist. Katpwog. 
 
 Carrago, a fortification made 
 in haste (ex carris) of waggons, 
 baggage, &c. And, a camp 
 equipage. So Farrago. 
 
 Carruca, a kind of carriage. 
 Fr. carrus. 
 
 Carrus, a car, cart. Tooke 
 derives it from the Saxon word 
 signifying To turn, mentioned 
 in Carbo, &c. : <e Car, cart, 
 chariot, &c. and the Latin car- 
 rus are the same participle. 
 This word was first introduced 
 into the Roman language by 
 Caesar, who learned it in the 
 war with the Germans. Vos- 
 sius mistalqngly supposes it de- 
 rived from currus." Wachter 
 
 A word acknowledged by Donnegan. 
 
VI 
 
 CAR- 
 
 CAS 
 
 refers it to Germ, karren, to 
 carry : and adds : " In Germ. 
 karr. It is a Celtic word, which 
 in the Armoric and Irish still 
 exists as carr." 1 
 
 Carthago, Carthage. From 
 Kctp^Yjdcov, Doric Kap^ddctiv, 
 transposed Kapdd^ooy, was Car- 
 dago, Carthago. Al. for Car- 
 chago (as ogvlxeg and ogvlQ sg were 
 commuted) from Kapx^wv. 
 
 Cartilago, cartilage, gristle. 
 Fr. xupTog, for xptxrog whence 
 xpctTspog, firm, solid. 2. 
 
 Cams, dear, expensive, pre- 
 cious; dear, beloved, very pre- 
 cious. Fr. xctpoc, Doric of xygog 
 fr. xyp, want. 3 That of which 
 there is want. As Dear and 
 Dearth are allied, ^f Or from 
 careo, I am wanting. Or fr. 
 yrfog, Dor. ydpog, bereft, de- 
 prived, ^f Ai. from xaipw fut. 2. 
 of xslpw, I clip, cut short, ^f If 
 " dear, deloved " is the primary 
 sense, we may refer it to xv\p, 
 the heart ; JEol. xccg. " Qui 
 nobis cordi est.' 7 ^f The Celtic 
 Kar* or Kara, Karid, 5 is 
 friendly. 
 
 Caryatides, images of women, 
 used for supporters in buildings, 
 &C Kapvocridsg. 
 
 Cdryota, Cdryotis, a kind of 
 date. KapvwTig. 
 
 1 Kaigh : " Fr. Kaprepbs, strong : by 
 syncope Kapp6s." 
 
 2 Al. for carnilago from carnis. But 
 why N into T? It is not much to the 
 purpose that CaTanritus has probably 
 been corrupted from GaNymcdes. 
 
 3 " Krjp, fate, destiny ; misfortune ; un- 
 happiness ; want," &c. Donnegan. 
 
 4 Wachter in Kar. 
 
 5 Classical Journal, III, 121. 
 
 Cdsa, a hut, cottage. Fr. 
 yjkdoi fut. of %a?o>, I contain ; 
 or for gasa fr. yot(rw fut. of yaw, 
 (whence yavrYjp,) I contain. 
 IT "From Hebr. casa, he co- 
 vered ; whence also xajag, a 
 carpet or coverlet." V. Our 
 word case, as in Book-case, 
 Knife-case, is allied. Kasa 
 Germ, is the same as Lat. ca- 
 sa. 6 
 
 Cascus: See Appendix. 
 
 Cctseus, cheese. Probably a 
 Celtic word. Germ, kaes, Sax. 
 cese, Welsh caivs. Pliny: "Mi- 
 rum Barbaras GENTEs,quae 
 lacte vivunt, ignorare aut sper- 
 nere tot saeculis casei dotem, 
 densantes id alioquin in acorem 
 jucundum et pingue butyrum." 
 But this seems not true of all the 
 barbarous nations. For Strabo 
 says of the British that they 
 were so much more barbarous 
 than the Celts that they did not 
 know how to make cheese. 
 
 Cdsia, an aromatic shrub. 
 Ka<rla. 
 
 Cassis, a hunter's net. Fr. 
 xi^au-doLi pp. of %«?co, I hold, 
 contain. Or, I take. Or fr. 
 ^«w, I have gaps. So yayya- 
 jtjtyj, a net, is from yaw, same as 
 %«<#. ^f Al. from cassus. From 
 its empty or hollow meshes. 
 
 Cassis, a helmet. Fr. %«&o, 
 xl^acro-«i, to contain. See Casa 
 and Cassis above, f Al. for 
 carassis fr. xapa, the head. A 
 covering for the head. As xo- 
 pvg fr. xop, the head, f Al. 
 from cassus. Facciolati: "Qudd 
 cassa, i. e. vacua, sit ad caput 
 
 6 Wachter in £asa. 
 
CAS -CAS 
 
 73 
 
 
 recipiendum." ^f Goth, has is a 
 vessel. 1 
 
 Cassita, a lark. From its 
 tuft resembling a i (cassis) hel- 
 met. So it is called Galerita 
 from Galerus. 
 
 Cassus, void, wanting; void, 
 empty ; vain, frivolous. Fr. 
 xkyaGvcii pp. of %««;, I am 
 empty. % Al. for carsus fr. ca- 
 reo, carsi anciently for carui ; 
 somewhat as Jussus for Jubsus 
 from Jubeo, Jubsi. 
 
 Castdnea, a chestnut tree. 
 KacrTctvov. 
 
 Castellum, a fortress. That 
 is, a little castrum. Also, a 
 reservoir of water, supplying 
 water through pipes. " Ap- 
 pellator castellum, quia altius 
 cetero opere assurgit, et latius 
 extenditur, ut militaris castelli 
 figuram referat." F. 
 * Casteria: See Appendix. 
 
 Castigo, 1 chastise, punish. 
 Fr. noLGTlycL for xarecrrZya pf. 
 mid. of xoLTourr%ao, I prick, goad, 
 brand. U" Or fr. xacrroj Doric 
 for x^trros, a thong. I beat 
 with thongs. *[ Or fr. xacrros, 
 a stick. 
 
 Castimonia, chastity. Fr. 
 castus; as Sanctus, Sanctimonia. 
 
 Castor, a beaver. KdcrTwp. 
 
 Castra, the order of tents 
 placed by armies when they 
 keep the field. Fr. xaraoTpoco, 
 xetTotcTTpob, xaoTTpob, I spread on 
 the ground. As fr. orgaw is 
 VTpetTos, " properly, a camp," 
 says Donnegan. ^f Al. for ca- 
 sitra from casa. " Casarum 
 
 1 Wachter in Topfer. 
 Etym, 
 
 conjunctio," says Scaliger. As 
 Vicus is a collection (oixoov) of 
 houses. Tra, asinClaustra.^j Al. 
 from castrum, a fort. Being so 
 many fortresses, and, like a for- 
 tress, being fortified by a wall 
 and ditch. 
 
 Castro, I castrate. Fr. <rrs- 
 pioo, crTspMf I bereave ; whence 
 xxTouTTsgw, xairspo), castro. ^f Al. 
 from castus. Castum facio. 
 
 Castrum, a castle, fort. Pro- 
 perly, apparently, a tent, forti- 
 fied by a ditch and wall ; and 
 so applied at length to a fort. 
 See Castra. ^f Or from xs- 
 •^aa-Tui pp. of %«?«>, I retire. 
 A place to which troops retire 
 for security. Or %«'?«> is to 
 make to retire. " Frimo ex- 
 strui ccepta sunt hujusmodi loca 
 ad custodiam regionis, arcen- 
 dosque hostes." F. 
 
 Castus, chaste, continent, &c. 
 
 Fr. XS^OKTTUt pp. Of %«'?«>, I 
 
 draw back, retire. Castus is 
 one who retires or abstains 
 from any kind of vice. Varro 
 explains it in one passage as 
 signifying " a furtis et rapinis 
 abstinens." % Al. from xsxcur- 
 Tcti, " he is adorned ;" as applied 
 to the mind, with the graces of 
 virtue. 
 
 Casus, a misfortune, mishap. 
 Fr. cado, casum. Gr. TTT&pa. 
 As that which befals us, or 
 which falls out or happens. 
 Some explain it as a falling 
 from a former state of happiness 
 or wealth. 
 
 Casus, a case of nouns. Fes- 
 tus: "Quia vocabulorum formse 
 in aliam atque aliam cadunt 
 effigieni." 
 
74 
 
 CAT -CAT 
 
 Cdtdclista, a close garment. 
 Or, a garment shut up except 
 on high days and holidays. Kcc- 
 TaxXeurTOs. 
 
 Cdtdlogus, an enumeration. 
 Koird\oyog. 
 
 Catarrtitus, a corruption of 
 ravvpy)dr)$, Ganymedes. In C 
 for r, and T for J, there is 
 nothing new. But in T for A r 
 is a greater difference. (See Car- 
 tilago.) Some derive it from 
 xura and jxurfloj, for catamisthus, 
 catamithus : " puermeritorius." 
 But some latitude must be al- 
 lowed to ancient and popular 
 corruptions. 
 
 Catdphracta, suit of armor, 
 breastplate, &c. Fr. xuTcttpgax- 
 tos, armed. 
 
 Cdtdpulta, a catapult. Koltol- 
 •TrsXrris. 
 
 Cdtdracta, Cdtarrhacta, a ca- 
 taract ; dam ; portcullis. Koltol- 
 
 plXXTIlS, KUTCtppZXTYlS. 
 
 Cdtascopus, a spy. Kolto.- 
 
 <TX07T0$. 
 
 Cdtasta, a cage or stall in 
 which slaves were exposed to 
 sale that their limbs might be 
 exhibited. Also, some machine in 
 which criminals were placed to 
 be tortured. Fr. xctTav-aoo, 
 xaTctVTcb, I place, fix. 
 
 Cdtastus, a slave purchased 
 from the catasta. But the read- 
 ing is much disputed. 
 
 Cdtax, crippled. Fr. xcjltol- 
 yco, x«Ta£co, I break. The 
 Greeks say xarsdyoog robs 7ro8«s. 
 If Al. for cadax, fir. cado. One 
 who is perpetually slipping. 
 
 Cdtechesis, Cdtechlzo, &c. 
 Greek words. 
 
 Cdteia, a missile weapon, 
 
 Of northern origin. Virgil: 
 "Teutonico ritu soliti tor- 
 quere cateias" 1 
 
 Cdtella, a «little chain. For 
 catenella fr. catena. 
 
 Catena, a chain. Fr. Uoo, to 
 bind ; whence xccTuleoo, jcaSeco, 
 then cadena, as Habeo, Habena. 
 If Or from xureco, I let down, 
 suspend. % Al. for canitena, 
 from canes teneo. As properly 
 a dog-chain. z 
 
 Cdterva, a troop, battalion. 
 Of northern origin. Vegetius: 
 " Macedones, Gra?ci, Dardani 
 phalanges habuerunt ; Galli 
 atque Celtiberi pluresque barba- 
 rica? nationes catervis utebantur 
 in praelio ; Romani legjones 
 habent." i( Cat, war, warfare, 
 battle, was an old Celtic word. 
 Boxhorn in Lex. Ant. Brit. : 
 ' Cad, a fight : Catorfa, catyr- 
 Ja, a military crowd, from Tyr- 
 fa, turba/ Hence caterva" W.* 
 
 Cathedra, a seat, chair. KctQ- 
 edpa. 
 
 Cdtholtcus, universal. KctQ- 
 oXixog. 
 
 Cdtillo, I lick (catillos) dishes, 
 feed greedily. If Or, I go 
 about licking dishes as a (catil- 
 lus) whelp. 
 
 Cdtillus, a little (catinus) dish. 
 For catinellus. Also, a whelp. 
 Fr. catulus. 
 
 1 Wachter refers it to the Belgic kat- 
 ten ; which is the same as the Suedish 
 kasta and our cast, the first T (as Wach- 
 ter says) being softened into S. 
 
 ^ Al. from kclt' %va, i.e. eTs Kad' %va. 
 A chain consisting of links one after the 
 other. 
 
 3 Al. from eipa, I link, join, arrange ; 
 whence Kareipa, then caterva, as Sylva, 
 Arvum. Al. from mrepvu. 
 
CAT- 
 
 CAV 
 
 75 
 
 Catinum, Cdtinus, a large 
 dish or platter. From the Sici- 
 lian xarivov or XOLTUVOV. % Al. 
 from xe%otTai pp. of %aa;, %a£a>, 
 I hold, contain. 
 
 Catlaster, a grown boy, strip- 
 ling. For catulaster fr. catulus, 
 (as Poeta, Poetaster) a whelp. 
 A grown cub. 
 
 Catomidio : See Appendix. 
 
 Cdtonium, the shades below. 
 Fr. xutco, below. 
 
 Catta, a kind of ship. Of 
 northern origin. Bryant : 
 
 " There are vessels at this day, 
 which are common upon the 
 northern parts of the English 
 coast, and are called cats." 
 
 Catulus : See Appendix. 
 
 Catulus, a give or iron collar 
 worn by slaves. Dacier : " It 
 seems to have meant at first a 
 (catuli) dog's collar. As <r*:uA«|- 
 is used for a puppy and an iron 
 chain." 
 
 Catumeum: See Appendix. 
 
 Catus, a cat. Todd : <e Sax. 
 cat, Teutonic katz, Persian and 
 modern French chat, low Latin 
 catus, cattus" % Some refer 
 it to catus, cunning. 
 
 Catus, cunning, artful. For 
 cavitus fr. caveo, cavitum, I am 
 wary, % Al. from ycs^arai pp. 
 of %aw, %a?«J, 1 retire, get away. 
 If But Varro says that catus 
 properly signifies acute, shrill; 
 and that the sense of acute, 
 cunning, is metaphorical. En- 
 nius : " Jam cata signa fere so- 
 nitum dare voce parabant." We 
 might thus refer catus to a word 
 X a ™£ formed from xs^arai from 
 the verb %aw, from which have 
 arisen various words expressive 
 
 of sharpness or cutting, as crp^aco, 
 
 <ryofy>, Kap^agog (for %a/?0£ by 
 redupl.), xctp(x<r(rw, vxapityos, &c. 
 
 Cauda, a tail. For cavda, 
 eavida (as from Aviceps is Au- 
 ceps) fr. caveo (as Aveo, Avi- 
 da) : As being that which Na- 
 ture has provided to animals for 
 a guard or protection of the 
 hinder parts of their bodies. 
 Hence applied improperly to 
 the tails of fishes, birds, &c. 
 ^f " Fr. cado. Because it hangs 
 or falls down behind." Tt. 
 From cado is cadiva, whence 
 cadva, cadua, cauda. 
 
 Caudex: See Appendix. 
 
 Cdvea, a hollow place, cave, 
 den. Fr. cavus. Also, the ca- 
 vity or hollow made by the seats 
 of the theatres ; the seats them- 
 selves ; the theatre ; and am- 
 phitheatre. " Cavecd nomine 
 cum theatrum, turn amphithea- 
 trum dictum, quod interior pars 
 concava esset, capaci quadam 
 profunditate." V. 
 
 Caveo, I beware, take heed, 
 avoid ; I see to, look to, provide 
 for. Fr. %agco, (from %«co, 
 whence %«?co) I retire, get away. 
 Thus caveo is defined by For- 
 cellini " fugito, declino, evito." 
 Caveo is from xaico, as yalco, 
 gaVio ; ncdco, paVio. 
 
 Cdverna, a hollow place ; 
 cavern. Fr. cavus. So Laterna, 
 iEterna. 
 
 Cdvillor, I reason unfairly, 
 argue captiously, quibble. Fr. 
 caveo, as Sorbeo, Sorbillo. Ex- 
 plained well by Scheide : " Ca- 
 veo mihi ac subterfugio 
 identidem." And by Vossius; 
 " Tergiversor ne veracogar 
 
76 
 
 CAU 
 
 CAU 
 
 agnoscere." 51 Al. from cavus, 
 hollow, vain, futile. " Cavil- 
 lor: subfiles et inanes qua> 
 stioues moveo." F. 
 
 Caula, a sheepfold, pen, 
 Fr. uvXy], avXa. As S is not 
 only put for H as in Sex from 
 If, but is added as in Si from 
 si ; so C may be not only put 
 for H as in Ceterus from sregog, 
 but added as in the case before 
 us* ^f Al. for caveola, fr. ca- 
 vus. " Lucretius favors this 
 opinion, who often uses caula 
 for a hollow place : Per caulas 
 corporis omnes, &c." V. But 
 in such cases the use may be 
 metaphorical. 
 
 Caulis, the stalk or stem of a 
 shrub or herb ; specially, a cab- 
 bage stalk. KavXog. 
 
 CauiMB, figs. From Caunos, 
 a town of Caria. 
 
 Cdvo, I hollow. Fr. x*°°> 
 (as A~iog, DiVus,) whence p^a/vco, 
 I open, gape. Or fr. xa'w, 
 whence xanTc», (as §<xco, 8«7tt«;,) 
 erxawroj, I excavate. ^f " In 
 Celtic haw is hollow." W. 
 
 Caupo, a vintner, innkeeper, 
 huckster. Fr. xawn) for xtznr), 
 (as vov<rog for vovog,) a manger, 
 and hence a stall ; and a stall 
 for provisions ; whence xu^Kog, 
 which is much the same as cau- 
 po. Lennep : " Kamm propria 
 notat praesepe unde animalia 
 edunt ; transiit ad locum ubi pas- 
 cuntur animalia, tum ubi es- 
 
 CULEJSTA PROSTANT VENA- 
 
 lia." "Goth, kaupan, Germ. 
 kaufen, is to buy, traffic." VV. 
 Cauvona, an inn. Fr. caupo, 
 
 OJIZS. 
 
 Caurus, Corns, the north-west 
 
 wind. Parkhurst : " From the 
 Hebrew KR, cold. Virgil : 
 Spirantes frigora cauri." 
 ^ The word yjhqog occurs in 
 the New Testament for the 
 north-west. Whether this be 
 formed from the Latin, or the 
 Latin from the Greek word, 
 the reader will decide. 
 
 Causa, Caussa, a cause, 
 reason, motive ; alleged cause, 
 pretext, excuse ; reason of de- 
 bate, cause of accusation or 
 trial. A cause, suit, lawsuit. 
 " Sensus a caus& quae in quae- 
 stione est ad causam litigiosam 
 translatus. Ut Gr. carta" W. 
 A side, party, the ground or 
 principle* of support or oppo- 
 sition, as we speak of The Pro- 
 testant cause. Cause or ground 
 of ailment or disease ; &c. Fr. 
 xuv<rui fut. of xauw, xotlco, I burn, 
 inflame, kindle. As inflaming 
 or exciting to action. That is, 
 from xuvo-ig, as pausA from 
 ieuvo-121. % Or for cavsa fr. 
 caveo, cavsi, cavsum, as Jubeo, 
 Jubsi, Jubsum. The first sense 
 of causa being supposed to be, 
 excuse, pretext. " Causam di- 
 cere, significat excusationem 
 afferre, utcumque se defen- 
 dere." F. Caveo bearing here 
 the same sense as in Cavillor ; 
 i. e. subterfugio. 1 
 
 Causia, a broadbrimraed hat. 
 Kavcrlu. Also, a mantlet or 
 
 1 Vossius gives another reason for its 
 derivation from caveo : " Cum, ut cavere 
 juris vox est ; ita et causa sit, immo cau- 
 sidici vocentur, quia causas rerum pluri- 
 mum expediunt." But caveo, even as a 
 law term, never seems to be connected in 
 meaning with causa. 
 
CAU 
 
 CEL 
 
 77 
 
 covered way used in sieges. 
 " Quia, sicut causia solem, ita 
 vinea saxa et tela, capiti defen- 
 dant." F. 
 
 Causor, I plead or pretend 
 (causam) an excuse. 
 
 Causiicus, caustic. Kctva-Tixog. 
 
 Cauter, Cauterium, Caute?!- 
 zo : Greek words. 
 
 Cautes, a ragged rock. Fr. 
 caveo, cautum. Applied pri- 
 marily to a dangerous crag on 
 the sea-shore or out at sea, of 
 which it is necessary for a pilot 
 to be wary. Caesar : " Naves 
 nihil saxa et cautes time- 
 bant." % Al. from cavatus, 
 cavtus, cautus* 
 
 Cautus, wary, provident. Le- 
 gally provided against assault, 
 legally secured. Fr. caveo, ca- 
 vitum, cavtum, cautum, 
 
 Cdvus, hollow. Fr. cavo. 
 
 Ce, a postfix, as in Hicce. 
 From xjj, or xs, or ys. 
 
 Cedo, I give place, yield, re- 
 tire, depart, go ; yield, give up. 
 ■F r « X^°°t xfi^t formed from 
 xe^vjSa 1 Ionic of xs^a&a pf. mid. 
 of %«£«>. 
 
 Cedo, give me, fetch me, 
 show me; explain to me, tell me. 
 Also, pardon me. That is, cedo 
 veniam. Formed from cedo, or 
 allied to it. The difference in 
 the quantity of the first syllable 
 may well be accounted for by 
 cedo becoming a quick word in 
 conversation. 
 
 Cedrus, the cedar tree. Ks- 
 $go§. 
 
 Celano, one of the Harpies. 
 Fr. xsXouvog, black. 
 
 Ctleber, Celebris, renowned, 
 famous, talked of, much resorted 
 to, frequented, as in Cicero : 
 " Loci plani an montuosi, cele- 
 bresan deserti." From xAeoj, sog, 
 transp. xsAo^, eog, renown. Ber, 
 bris, as in Saluber, Salubris ; 
 Funebris ; &c. % Some sup- 
 pose celeber to mean swift, as in 
 Accius: " Celebri gradu gressum 
 accelerasse decet." Here it may 
 be referred to xsAw (fut. of xsA- 
 Aco), whence celer* 
 
 Celer, swift. Fr. xsAoo (whence 
 xeA>]£, a race-horse) fut. of xeA- 
 Xoo, I urge, impel. As wxbg fr. 
 coxa pf. of c«0a>. Or at once fr. 
 xeA>]£, iEol. xsA>jp. 
 
 Celer es, three hundred horse- 
 men chosen by Romulus as a 
 body guard. From their ra- 
 pidity. Or fr. xe%j£, iEol. xe%jp, 
 a race horse ; whence x£Av}t/£o>, 
 I ride on horseback. 
 
 Celes, a swift-sailing vessel ; 
 a race-horse. KeAvjj. 
 
 Cella: See Appendix. 
 
 Cello, (whence antecello, &c.) 
 I move, drive, urge. KsXXm. 
 
 Celo, I hide, secrete, conceal. 
 From a verb ^tjAaco, %>jAcu, 
 formed from x>jAo£, a box, chest. 
 % Al. from xAeiw, I shut up ; 
 transp. Xc/Aw, whence celo, as 
 from Aslog is Levis. ^T Wachter 
 refers to Celtic celu, Quayle to 
 Celtic kelym* % f From the 
 Chaldee CLJ." V. 
 
 Celox, a fly-boat. Fr. xsKr}g, 
 
 Celsits, erect, lofty, high. 
 
 From KeKrjSa (perf. mid. of ko£*« same 2 Wachter in Helen. Quayle in Clas- 
 
 i x»^) is K7?8as. sical Journal, Vol. 3. 
 
78 
 
 CEN 
 
 CEN 
 
 Fr. cello, celsum, I move, move 
 
 up. So Excelsus from Excello. 
 
 Cenchris, a kind of snake. 
 
 Censeo seems to mean pro- 
 perly, as Recenseo does, I count, 
 reckon. The Romans were 
 ordered by Serving " censere 
 bona sua," to sum up or count 
 their goods and declare the sum 
 to him» The business of the 
 Censors was " censere populi 
 aevitates, soboles, et pecunias," 
 to count or compute the ages, 
 children, and property of the 
 people, that they might fix what 
 each man should pay to the 
 state. Hence censeo is, I assess, 
 tax, rate. Again, from meaning 
 to reckon, censeo (like Xoylty- 
 }j*ui) is, I estimate, reason, come 
 to a conclusion, judge, think, 
 (as we say, 1 reckon so); hence, 
 I determine, resolve ; and, in 
 regard to a legislative body, I 
 decree. Fr. xsv<rai, to prick. 
 Thus Dispungo is explained by 
 Forcellim " supputo sive nu- 
 mero, quasi puncto noto." 
 Haigh explains it similarly in 
 its sense of decreeing : " Censeo 
 might at first mean to vote by a 
 point or mark, and thereby 
 show one's choice or opinion." 
 % Others suppose N added as 
 in Frango, Sic, and censeo to 
 be put for ceseo from the He- 
 brew CS, he computed. 
 IT Jones : " The origin of cen- 
 seo is perhaps ysveo-tg, (ysv<n$,) 
 production : and signifies to 
 number one's family or effects." 
 
 Censor, one who (censet) 
 rates or assesses the people. 
 
 Census, a valuation or as- 
 
 sessment of estates, a cessing, 
 taxing ; a book of rates or as- 
 sessments; goods, effects, pro- 
 perty assessed. Fr. censeo, cen- 
 sum. 
 
 Centanreum, the herb cen- 
 taury. Ksvraupsiov. 
 
 Centaurus, a centaur. Ksv- 
 Taugog. 
 
 Centimalis or Centimalis fis- 
 tula, a surgical instrument. 
 Facciolati : " A xsvnjj&a, a xev- 
 reco, pungo. Est enim apta ad 
 paracentesin." 1 
 
 Cento, onis, a patched gar- 
 ment made up of several shreds 
 or rags of various colors ; a 
 composition formed by joining 
 scraps from different authors. 
 Soft for centro fr. xevrpow, odvo$ 9 
 as Flagellum for FlagRellum, 
 Flagito for FlagRito. % Or 
 from xsvxeco, xevro), whence xsv- 
 
 TpOOV. 
 
 Centrum, the centre or mid- 
 dle point of a circle or sphere. 
 A hard knot in timber or marble 
 which mars tools. Kevrpov. 
 
 Centum, hundred. Fr. kxct- 
 tov, whence Ixvtov (as vice versa 
 tstv$Atcu for tstu^Ntoh), then 
 xsvtov, centum. Or N is added, 
 as in deNsus : then from sxtxrbv 
 we have xscltov, xstov, cetum f 
 centum. Or sxurov, kxrov, xstov. 2, 
 
 Centuria, applied to a squa- 
 dron of a {centum) hundred 
 
 1 It might be referred to /cevTea» for 
 another cause ; for Forcellini defines it 
 " instrumentum multis fouaminibus mi- 
 nutisqne pertusum." 
 
 2 Haigh : " Fr. Kevr4(o, ksvtw, to 
 prick. Because they probably made a 
 point at every hundred." 
 
CEN- 
 
 •CER 
 
 79 
 
 Ijorse, to the subdivision of the 
 Romans into hundreds, &c. 
 
 Centurio, a captain over a 
 {centum) hundred infantry. 
 
 Centussis, a hundred asses. 
 Fr. centum asses. As Insalto, 
 Insulto. 
 
 Cepa. See Ca?pa. 
 
 Cera, wax ; a bust or image 
 of wax; a waxen tablet, register, 
 roll, paper, will. Kt\po$. " Celt. 
 heir!' Quayle. 
 
 Cerastes, a horned serpent. 
 Kepu<rTYi<;. 
 
 Cerdsus, a cherry-tree. Ke- 
 gctorog. 
 
 Ceraules, a trumpeter. i£e- 
 
 Ceraunus, Ceraunia gemma, 
 the thunderstone. Fr. xspavvog, 
 thunder. 
 
 Cerberus, the infernal dog. 
 
 Ks§(3epo$. 
 
 Cercopithecus, a marmoset. 
 Kspao7ri$YiKog, 
 
 Cercops, opis, a monkey. 
 
 Cercurus, a kind of light ship. 
 Kepxovpog. 
 
 Cerdo, a mean mechanic. 
 Fr. xegfo$, gain. One who by 
 every possible way gets gain in 
 trade. 
 
 Cerebrosus, crazy, headstrong, 
 passionate. As affected in the 
 {cerebrum) brain. 
 
 Cerebrum, the brain ; the 
 mind, sense. Fr. xspu$, which 
 Hesychius interprets (inter alia) 
 xe<pu\v}, the head. Brum, as in 
 Candelabrum. 
 
 Ceremonia. See Casrimonia. 
 
 Ceres: See Appendix. 
 
 Cereus, a wax light. Fr. 
 cera. 
 
 Cerintha, a kind of honey- 
 suckle. Kyip'ivQyi. 
 
 Cerno, 1 sift ; toss about ; 
 I distinguish, judge between, 
 decide, determine; resolve, am 
 determined ; discern, descry ; 
 perceive, comprehend. Fr. xp/- 
 vco, (x(gvoo) I sift; and, I judge. 
 The perfect crevi is from creno 
 transposed from cerno, as Sper- 
 no, Spreno, Sprevi. 
 
 Cerno, I contend, fight. That 
 is, I determine or settle a dis- 
 pute by fighting. Or, J deter- 
 mine or settle my life by fight- 
 ing : for Ennius has: "Nam 
 ter sub armis malim vitam cer- 
 nere, Qudm &,c." Cerno may 
 be to endanger, as Discrimen is 
 danger from cerno. 
 
 Cerno haereditatem is explain- 
 ed by Varro : Constituo me 
 ha?redem esse. (( Cernere est,, 
 decernere se hseredem esse et 
 hasreditatem acceptare." F. 
 
 Cernuus, hanging down the 
 head, bowing forwards. Fr. 
 cerno, as Irrigo, Irriguus ; Pas- 
 co, Pascuus. For " cernuus 
 terrae." " Quod terram cernat," 
 says Nonius, % Al. from xspag, 
 the head. (See Cerebrum.) 
 Falling on the head. As ku/3kt- 
 rao) from xu/3>j. 
 
 Ceroma, an oil tempered with 
 wax, with which wrestlers were 
 anointed. Kypoofxa. 
 
 Cerritus, frenzical. For ce- 
 reritus, i. e. percussus a Cerere, 
 struck by Ceres, ^f Ah from 
 xega$, the head. (See Cerebrum.) 
 Affected in the head. 
 
 Cerrus, - 
 
 Certo, I contend, strive. For 
 cernito from cerno, supine cer~ 
 
80 
 
 CER- 
 
 CHA 
 
 niturn, 1 contend. Al. from 
 cretum (supine of cer no), transp. 
 cert urn. 
 
 Certus, determined, resolved ; 
 established ; having a thing well 
 established, well founded, sure, 
 certain, &c. From cerno, cer- 
 nitum, cer turn. 
 
 Ceruchi, the cords or ropes 
 by which the two ends of the 
 sailyards are managed. Kepov- 
 
 Cervical, a pillow. Fr. cer- 
 vix, Icis. 
 
 Cervisia, a kind of beer or 
 ale. A Gaulish word. Pliny : 
 " Zythum in iEgypto, ceria in 
 Hispania, cervisia et plura ge- 
 nera in Gallia aliisque provin- 
 ciis." 1 
 
 Cervix, 
 
 Centssa : See Appendix. 
 
 Cervus, a stag. Fr. xspug, a 
 horn, whence cerivus, cervus. 
 See Arvum. Homer has ehutpov 
 xsgciov. 
 
 Cervus, a forked stake, pali- 
 sade ; a forked beam with which 
 cottages were propped. As 
 resembling the herns (cervorum) 
 of stags. 
 
 Cespes: See Caespes. 
 
 Cesso, I give over, intermit; 
 am tardy. Fr. cedo, cedsum, ces- 
 sum. 
 
 Cestus, the girdle of Venus. 
 Ksu-Tog. 
 
 1 u The derivation of cervisia from 
 Cereris vis, was that of men who were 
 ignorant that very many Latin words are 
 to he sought from the Celts. Hence the 
 many ridiculous etymologies of Varro and 
 Isidorus." Leibnit, quoted by Wachter, 
 who mentions the Celtic cwrwf, which is 
 the same as cervisia. 
 
 Cete, large sea- fishes. Kyjtyi. 
 
 Ceteroqui, otherwise. See 
 AlioquL 
 
 Cetcrum, but. That is, other- 
 wise. Fr. ceterus. As uWoi 
 from uXXos. 
 
 Ceterus, other. From erspog, 
 the aspirate changed to C, as 
 otherwise to S. If AI. from 
 not) eregos, cMterus. But For- 
 cellini states the reading of cE- 
 terus to be entirely preferable. 
 
 Cetra, a short square leathern 
 target, used by the Moors and 
 Spaniards. " It might seem to 
 be put for centra, xsurpct, fr. 
 xexsvTui pp. of xeu0a>, 1 hide. 
 But it is plainly a Moorish 
 word." V. 
 
 Ceu, like as. For ceut', from 
 xevT, i. e. ksvts, xui sure, "and 
 just as." If " From Hebr. ke." 
 V. 
 
 Ctveo, to wag the tail as a 
 dog ; z to fawn, like Gr. rctlvu). 
 Fr. cieo, cievi, whence cieveo, 
 ceveo. ^f Al. from cevi pf. of a 
 verb ceo, xeoo, allied to xloo, I 
 move. Lennep : u KsWco, im- 
 pello : a motu qui originali 
 ejus verbo x£w designator." 3 
 
 Chalcidicum : See Appendix. 
 
 Chdlo, 1 let down, slacken. 
 XuXvb. 
 
 Chalybs, steel; a sword. Xct* 
 
 Chameleon, a chameleon. Xa- 
 
 IXOllXsCtiV. 
 
 Chamulcus, a cart. XotpouXxog. 
 Chaos, a vast depth, &c. 
 
 Xuog. 
 
 2 Etiam, clunes moveo a<p podia taari- 
 kws. 
 
 3 Al. for seveo fr, aevw, to shake. 
 
CHA- 
 
 ■CJC 
 
 81 
 
 Character, a mark impressed 
 on anything ; character or style 
 of writing. Xupuxr^p. 
 
 Chdraxo, I scratch. Fr.^a- 
 poL$ai fut. of %ctgu<r(roo. 
 
 Charisma, Chdristia, Chdris- 
 ticon ; Greek words. 
 
 Charites, the Graces. Xk- 
 pirs$. ^ 
 
 Charon, Charon. Xtxgoov. 
 
 Charonium, hell. From ya.- 
 pcovslov. which Donnegan ex- 
 plains " a dark cavern or grotto, 
 seeming a passage to the infer- 
 nal regions." But the reading is 
 dubious. 
 
 Charta, paper ; a book, &c. 
 
 XotqTf\g. 
 
 Chdrybdis, Charybdis. X«- 
 pv(3di$. 
 
 Chasma, a yawning, opening. 
 
 Xu<T[^0i. 
 
 Chela, the arms of a scorpion, 
 claws of a crab-fish. Xiqka.i. 
 
 Chelydrus, a kind of water- 
 snake. Xe\v§po$. 
 
 Chelys, a harp, &c. Xekv$. 
 
 Chiliarches, a commander 
 over a thousand men. Xikiapxys. 
 
 Chimcera, the monster. Xi- 
 fiaipa. 
 
 Chiragra, the gout in the 
 hand, &c. Xziqotypa.. 
 
 Chirographum, a hand-wri- 
 ting ; note of hand, &c. Xei- 
 pdypcupov. 
 
 Chironomon, a graceful ges- 
 ticulator. Xsipovop&v. 
 
 Chldmys, a cloak. XKol^C^ 
 
 Choragus, one who had the 
 charge of furnishing dresses, &c. 
 to the actors. Xopctyo$, Doric for 
 
 Choraules, a minstrel. Xoq- 
 auA»j£. 
 
 Etym. 
 
 Chorda, the string of a musi- 
 cal instrument ; a cord. Xogly. 
 
 Chordus, Cordus, 
 
 Chorea, a dance. Xopsiu. 
 
 Choreas, a trochee. Xopeiog. 
 
 Chors, chortis; and Cors, 
 cortis, a yard, pen, fold, coop. 
 
 Fr. xH T0 $' If ^ r f° r c °hors, 
 the same as chors. 
 
 Chorus, a chorus, dance, &c. 
 Xop6$. 
 
 Chresius, a mistaken mode of 
 writing Christus by the Ro- 
 mans. 
 
 Christus, Jesus Christ. 
 
 Xpi(TT0$. 
 
 Chronica, chronicles. Xgo- 
 
 VMOL. 
 
 Chrysolithus, a chrysolite. 
 Xpv<r6\ibo(, 
 
 Ciborium, a large drinking 
 cup. Kifioopiov. 
 
 Cibus : See Appendix. 
 
 Cicada : See Appendix. 
 
 Cicatrix, a scar. Properly, 
 a scar from a burn. For cicau- 
 trix. From xuvTYjg, ygos, whence 
 yiauTrjpl^co, I burn with a hot 
 iron; fut. K<xvTY}pl<rco, iEol. xau- 
 TY}pl%oo, KotvTpl^oo, redupl. JilXiXV- 
 
 Tplgw. 
 
 Ciccus. Plautus : " Eluas 
 tu an exungare, ciccum non in- 
 terduim :" I would not give a 
 straw. Fr. xlxxog, explained by 
 Donnegan, " the paring of fruit ; 
 metaph. a worthless thing." 
 
 Cicer, a vetch, chick-pea. 
 " From Hebr. kikkar, a round 
 mass." Tt. 
 
 Cichoreum, the herb succory. 
 K%6peiov. 
 
 Cicindela, a glow-worm. 
 From candeo, redupl. cicandeo, 
 (as Titillo from TlXKw, Peperci 
 
 L 
 
CIC- 
 
 C1R 
 
 from Parco,) whence cicandela, 
 cicindela. 
 
 Ciconia : See Appendix. 
 
 Cicur, tame, mild. From a 
 word 7rs7ro£, (the same as vettm, 
 mild,) J&ol.ireirop, xkxop, "whence 
 cicor. (as liber was formerly 1£- 
 ber; and as nlger, pllco, for 
 nEger, pi Eco,) then cicur. 
 
 Cicuta, 
 
 Cieo, I move, stir, rouse, ex- 
 cite; call upon, summon, i.e. 
 make to move. As " Cure ali- 
 quem in pugnam." Fr. xiioo, 
 from xico whence cio. 
 
 Cilicium (texturn), a close 
 cloth marie of goats' hair. " As 
 being best woven from the hair 
 of the Cilician goats, which was 
 
 long and shaj 
 
 V. 
 
 Cilium, the utmost edge of 
 the eyelid from which the eye- 
 lashes grow; the eyelid itself. 
 Fr. ^elkos, sog, an edge, rim. 
 % Or from xjAw fut. of x/xXco, I 
 move. From the perpetual mo- 
 tion of this part. Or the second 
 A in x/AAco is changed to I, as 
 otXAog becomes alius. 
 
 Cillus, an a3s. KiXXog. 
 
 Cimex, 
 
 Cinadus, wanton, See, Kl- 
 vuilog. 
 
 Cinara, an artichoke. Kt- 
 vupct. 
 
 Cincinnus, a curled lock of 
 hair. Fr. xixwog. 
 
 Cingo, I gird, tie about, en- 
 compass. Fr. circumago, (I 
 drive or draw round,) cut down 
 into cimgo, cingo. ^[ Ai. soft 
 for zingo, changed from zongo, 
 (as clnis from xOvig, Imbris 
 from "Opfigog,) from zona or 
 zona ago, as from Lite or Lite- 
 
 ago is Litigo ; from Jure or 
 Jure-ago is Jurgo ; from Mitis 
 is Mitigo ; from Purus is Purgo. 
 
 Cinifes, Cyriiphes, Scyniphes, 
 Scinifes, small flies or gnats. 
 Fr. xvlnsg and orxv'ntsg. 
 
 Ciniflo, one who (cineres flat) 
 blows up the embers to heat the 
 iron for women to frizzle their 
 hair. 
 
 Ctnis, ashes. Fr. xovig. We 
 have Imbris from 3 " Opp oog. 
 
 Cinndmomum, cinnamon. Kiv- 
 
 VtXtJLCOfAOV. 
 
 a 
 
 miamum. cinnamon, 
 
 Kh- 
 
 vupov. 
 
 Cinnus: See Appendix. 
 
 Cio, I move, stir, excite. Fr. 
 xj«>, I move, 
 
 Cippus, a little square pillar, 
 gravestone. " From the Syriac 
 and Chaldaic cip and cipa, a 
 stone, whence Peter was called 
 Cephas." V. Cippus is also a 
 sharp stake or palisade, mention- 
 ed by Csasar in the Gallic War, 
 (7,73) and seems to be a Gallic 
 word. " Hos [vallos] cippos 
 [Romani] appellabant," say-s 
 Cassar. 
 
 Circa, around. Fr. xlpxog, a 
 circle. 
 
 Circensis, relating to the Cir- 
 cus. " Circense tomentum" was 
 coarse flocks or stuffing sold in 
 the Circus to the poorer sort to 
 make beds of. Turnebus sup- 
 poses it so called as having been 
 strewed on the ground originally 
 at the Ludi Cir censes. 
 
 Circinus, a pair of compasses. 
 An instrument with which (circi) 
 circles are described. 
 
 Circiter, about, somewhere 
 about. Fr. circa, around, about. 
 
em- 
 
 CIT 
 
 83 
 
 Circitis olea, a kind of oblong 
 olive. Fr. xspx)$, same as Lat. 
 radius, which is another name 
 of this olive. 
 
 Circitor, a watchman, sol- 
 dier on guard, overseer. Fr. 
 circum itum. One who goes 
 round. 
 
 Circius ventus. " It is called 
 Cercius by Cato. It is doubt- 
 ful which way it should be writ- 
 ten. Salmasius thinks it is a 
 Sicilian word, and reads Kepxlctv 
 for Aepxluv in Theophrastus on 
 Winds. Some derive it from 
 circus or xlpxo§, from the boister- 
 ous nature of this whirlwind. 
 Cambden derives it from the 
 Celtic, as according to Gellius 
 and Seneca it blows from Gaul 
 through Italy, and as cyrch 
 means among the British, impe- 
 tuosity or violence." V. 
 
 Circulator y a mountebank, 
 &c. As getting round them 
 {circulos) crowds of men. Or 
 because (circulat) he wanders 
 about. 
 
 Circulus, a circle; anything 
 circular. Fr. circus. 
 
 Circum, around. Fr. xlgxo$, 
 a circle. 
 
 Circumforaneus, a quack doc- 
 tor. Circum for a versans. 
 
 Circus, a circle ; the Circus, 
 as being round. Klpxo$. 
 
 Ciris, a kind of lark. " The 
 Poets fable that Scylla, the 
 daughter of Nisus, was meta- 
 morphosed : and was called Ci- 
 ris, as having privily cut her 
 father's hair on which the fate of 
 his kingdom rested. Fr. xsigca, 
 I cut. Ovid : Plumis in avem 
 mutata vocatur Ciris, eta ton- 
 
 so est hoc nomen adepta ca- 
 pillo." F. 
 
 Cirnea, a can, jug. Fr. xig- 
 vuco, I mix. As xpuTvjg fr. xs- 
 gixoo, xgoico. 
 
 Cirrus, u a lock or curl of 
 hair; also, the tuft of feathers 
 or crest on the heads of certain 
 birds ; also, a fringe or border 
 at the end garments." F. " Kip- 
 poc, same as <rxlppog, scirrhus, a 
 hard knotty tumor. Hence 
 cirrus, a knot of hair." Salmas. 
 ^f " From xoppo; ZEol. of xopvo$" 
 Salm. As* Qpfipoc, Imbris. 1 
 
 Cis, on this side. Fr. x£l<r , 
 xsive, " ad ilium locum," to that 
 point and no further. So that 
 whatever is within the space ex- 
 tending to that point, is (cis) 
 on this side of it. ^f Al. from 
 xe/o-co, fut. of xelw, I sever, part. 
 ^f Or suppose, — as S is put for 
 H in Sic for Hie, and as C 
 takes the place of H in Ceterus 
 from^Ersgos, — so cis is for his, 
 i. e. in his locis, opposed to "in 
 illis locis." See Uis. 
 
 Cisium: See Appendix. 
 
 Cisorium, the edge of a wea- 
 pon. Fr. cisum for ccesum. 
 With which we cut. 
 
 Cista, a chest, box. K(<tty}. 
 Todd : " Sax. cest, Germ, hist, 
 Welsh cist. 9 ' 
 
 Cisterna, a cistern. Fr. cista, 
 as Laterna, Lucerna. 
 
 Citer, on this side. Fr. cis, 
 whence cister, as Sub, Subter. 
 Then from cister is cisterus, 
 whence citerus. 
 
 1 Al. from a verb Kipw, to curve ; perf. 
 KeKipKa, whence Kipnos, a circle. Forcel- 
 lini defines cirrus " capillus contortus." 
 
84 
 
 C1T- 
 
 CLA 
 
 Cithara, a harp. KiQdpa. 
 
 Cito, speedily, soon. Fr. ci- 
 tus. 
 
 Cito, I move, excite, rouse ; 
 summon, i. e. make to go. Fr. 
 cio, citum. 
 
 Citra, on this side. That is, 
 ex citera parte. 
 
 Citrus, the citron tree. " A 
 Latin word, which the Romans 
 received not from the Greeks, 
 but from the Africans. The 
 ancient Greeks did not use the 
 word KiTpog. The most ancient 
 Grecian who used the word x/- 
 Tpiov is Juba, as appears from 
 Athenseus." V. 
 
 Citus, moved, excited. Ex- 
 cited or exciting myself iu my 
 course, quick. From cio. 
 
 Civllis, courteous, polite. 
 Acting as becomes (civem) a 
 citizen. So SurTehs for our- 
 
 Civis, a citizen. Fr. coco, 
 coivi, 1 coivi, civi, as Ohog, Voi- 
 num, Vinum. Jsidorus : "Cives 
 vocati quod in unum coeuntes 
 vi v ant, ut vita communis et or- 
 natior sit et tutior." ^f AI. 
 from civi pf. of cio or cieo. 
 " Quia cives sunt vocati in 
 unum corpus." V. a 
 
 Civil as, an assemblage (ci- 
 vium) of citizens, a city. 
 
 Clades, overthrow, destruc- 
 tion, disaster. Fr. xAaSrjv formed 
 fr. xixXoiVTOLi pp. of xXocoo, to 
 break ; whence xh*dot%o$ is bro- 
 
 1 So from Vexi, the perfect of Veho, 
 is Vexillum ; from Anxi is Anxius. So 
 perhaps from Nosco, Novi, is Novimen. 
 
 2 Vossius adds : "A nice, eo, vado : 
 quod in unum venianx coetura." 
 
 ken or fragile, ^f Or from 
 xAa&aco, oo, to cut of!" young 
 shoots, amputate, destroy, ^f Or 
 from xXo&o;, a young shoot. 
 Said properly of young shoots 
 overwhelmed, as Calamitas from 
 Calamus. 
 
 Clam, privily, secretly. Fr. 
 xAe/j^aa, anything taken or done 
 by stealth. That is, xutol xAl/x- 
 [xct, by stealth, ^f Festus says 
 that it was anciently written ca- 
 lim ; and some therefore refer 
 clam to xaXu/jtjaa, formed from 
 xexaAy^a/ pp. of xolXutttco, 1 
 cover. However, it is not at 
 all certain that clam was the 
 same word as calim. 
 
 Clamo, I cry out, cry aloud. 
 Fr. xexkoiptxi, Doric of xixXr^- 
 poa, pp. of xu)Jm, I call, call 
 out. ^f Al. from xXaupa, a 
 whining, crying, ^f Al. from 
 y.KaXjJi, I utter a loud cry. 
 
 Clanculum, privily. A di- 
 minutive for clamculum, fr. 
 clam. So from Senatus is Se- 
 naticulum, Senaculum. 
 
 Clandesiinus, secret, hidden. 
 For clamdestinus fr. clam. If 
 D is inserted, (as in Indigeo) 
 clandestinus may be compared 
 with Intestinus. 
 
 Clango, I sound as a trumpet. 
 KKuyyoo. 
 
 Clango, I demand with a 
 loud voice amends of an enemy 
 for injuries done. Fr. clarus, 
 as Mitis, Mitigo ; or fr. clarl 
 ago, as from Lite-ago is Litigo. 
 Pliny: "Cum ad hostes clari- 
 gatumque mitterentur, id est, 
 res raptas clarl repetitum." 
 
 Claras, sheeny, bright, splen- 
 did, famous. Fr. yXccgog or 
 
CLA 
 
 CLA 
 
 85 
 
 yXcwpog, 1 formed fr. yAaw or 
 yXctuoo, whence yXotvxog, bright, 
 and yhuv<r(roo, 1 shine. Com- 
 pare Gloria. 
 
 Classicum, the sound of a 
 trumpet ; a trumpet. As being 
 used to call the (classes) classes 
 of the Roman people to an as- 
 sembly. Or classicus was the 
 primary word ; one whose busi- 
 ness it was to do so, a trum- 
 peter. 
 
 Classicus, belonging to the 
 Classici, those of the first and 
 highest (classis) class of Roman 
 writers. Hence " classici scrip- 
 tores." 
 
 Classis. "A class, company, 
 order, or rank of citizens ; one 
 of the five divisions of the 
 Roman people made by Ser- 
 vius. A fleet of ships of war ; 
 an armament. It was formerly 
 said of land forces." F. From 
 xs}iXoi(r(rai pp. of hXuoo, to break. 
 A fraction of the citizens, or of 
 an army, or of a navy, as a 
 squadron, ^f Al. from xAacro-jf, 
 Dor. of xAvjcrcns for xK^crtg, a 
 convocation or summoning of 
 the citizens to a meeting, or of 
 soldiers to the field, or of sailors 
 to the sea. % Al. for calassis fr. 
 calo, 1 call, summon. 
 
 Clathri, Clathra, balusters. 
 KXuQpa, Doric of xkrjQpu. 
 
 Clava f a club, cudgel. For 
 claa, (as o\'$, oVis) fr. xA«o>, to 
 break, and so mutilate ; whence 
 xKupfihg is mutilated. % Al. 
 from xoXccnrw, to beat ; fut. 2. 
 
 1 " Clear : Dutch, kla'er ; Germ. Mar ; 
 Welsh claer ; Lat. clarus ; Gr. 7Aau- 
 p6s." Todd. TKavpbs is in Hesychius. 
 
 xoAa/3aj, xAajSw, whence claba, 
 clava. Or from pf. xsxoAa$a, 
 whence xoAa^, xXa<$^, xAa$«, 
 clava. If Al. from xXahg, a 
 stick ; whence cladiva, (as Ca- 
 diva,) clava. ^f Al. from the 
 North. " Kolb Germ, dicitur 
 Latinis clava, Cambns Celtica 
 lingua utentibus clwppa, Suecis 
 klubba, Anglis club, Sorabis 
 klapa." W. ^f Vossius refers 
 to the Hebrew CLPH, to 
 strike. 
 
 Claudico, I halt, limp. Fr. 
 claudus. As Fodico. 
 
 Claudo, I shut, close. Fr. 
 xA»j'/£co, fut. 2. xa^VSw, Dor. xXaV- 
 &«, whence claVido, then claudo, 
 as Aviceps, Auceps. 
 
 Claudus, lame. That is, 
 mutilated. Fr. xAao) or xXuew, 
 to mutilate ; whence claidus, 
 (as Frigeo, Frigidus,) clavidus, 
 then claudus, as aVlceps, aU- 
 ceps. fl Al. for cladus fr. 
 xAaSqv from xsxAacrra; pp. of 
 
 XkotO). 
 
 Cldvis, a key. Fr. xXslg, Ion. 
 xAvfoDor. xAa'*£, whence claVis, 
 as oig, oVis. 
 
 Claustrurn, a bar, bolt. Fr. 
 claudo, clausum, as Rado, Ra- 
 sum, Rastrum. Trum is from 
 Gr. rpov, as in Kkyia-Tpov ; or is 
 from rsgov, rpov, as in Sefco, 8e£<- 
 rsgov. 
 
 Clausula, a short sentence in 
 conclusion, a finishing clause. 
 Fr. claudo, clausum. 
 
 Cldvus, a nail ; hence, any- 
 thing fixed to another, as a rud- 
 der to a ship, a corn on the 
 foot, a stripe or stud of purple 
 with which the robes of the 
 Senators and Equites were 
 
86 
 
 CLE- 
 
 CLI 
 
 adorned. Fr. xXslco, I shut in ; 
 Ion. xAvjfa;, Dor. xXaica, xKaoo, 
 whence claVus. Cato has, 
 't Clavis corneis occludere." 
 Ainsworth says : " A claudendo. 
 Quod claudat, figat, contineat." 
 From claudo might be claudi- 
 vus, (as Cado, Cadivus,) thence 
 clauvus, clavus. ^f AI. from 
 xoXtzTTToo, to thump ; fut. 2. xo- 
 A«/3w, xXaficv. 1 
 
 Clemens, placid, calm, gentle. 
 Fr. xskKyuxch pp. of xKaw, to 
 break. Suetonius has "Fkactje 
 ira?," broken, appeased, allayed. 
 Ens, somewhat as in Cliens, 
 Triens, and in participles as 
 Providens. % Al. from jojA^xcov, 
 (xhypwv,) formed from xsxyjKyjixch, 
 pp. of xYjKeoo, to soothe, calm. 
 ^f Al. from tKyji^oov, iEol. xXyj- 
 ftoov, enduring, patient. 
 
 Clepo, clepsi, I thieve. Fr. 
 
 XKS7TW flit. 2. Of XXS7TT00, ^JCJO. 
 
 Clepsydra, a water hour glass. 
 KXs^/vdga. 
 
 Cltricus, a clergyman. KXyj- 
 pixog. 
 
 Clibanarius, a cuirassier. "A 
 soldier armed with a breast- 
 plate, formed not of rings or 
 plates, but of solid iron bent 
 back somehow in the form of a 
 cUbanus." F. " Unless it is 
 a Persian word. Ammianus : 
 ' Sparsi cataphracti equites, quos 
 clibanarios dictitant Pees^.' 
 This however may be under- 
 stood as implying that the Per- 
 sians call the cataphracts by a 
 term answering to the Greek 
 term clibinarii; and that they 
 
 1 " Fr. k4\\u, I drive ; fut. «eAw, 
 whence KeXdw, /cXaco." Scheide. 
 
 were so called by the Persians 
 from some kind of resemblance 
 to the clibanus" V. 
 
 Clibanus, a portable oven. 
 
 Cliens, entis, one under the 
 protection of a patron. For 
 clyens fr. xXvoov, ovrog, listening 
 to, attending to, i. e. the advice 
 of his patron, ^f Or fr. xXsImv, 
 ovto$, celebrating, honoring. 
 " Quod clientes patronos cole- 
 rent et honorarent." V. % Al. 
 from xaXeco, xutelco, xXslco, I call 
 upon, appeal to. 
 
 Clima, a clime. KXipa. 
 
 Clinicus, a bed-rid person ; a 
 physician attending such. KXi- 
 vixo$. Also, a gravedigger : fr. 
 xxIvyj, a bed. For they carried 
 out the dead on litters. 
 
 Clino, I bend. Kxivco. 
 
 Clio, the Muse. KKskm. 
 
 Ctitellte, dorsels set on the 
 backs of beasts of burden, that 
 they may carry their loads with 
 greater ease. Fr. xexfarui pp. 
 of xXiva). As intended for loads 
 to rest upon. 2 ^f Al. for cilli- 
 tellcB fr. cillus, an ass. % Al. 
 from xXnvg, a sloping. 
 
 Ctivus, the slope of a hill ; a 
 steep, cliff. Fr. x\nv$, JEol. 
 x\nr6c. ^f As from Subseco is 
 Subsecivus, and from Cado Ca- 
 divus, so from clino, (whence 
 inclino,) might, be clinivus, 
 thence clivus. % Al. from the 
 north. Anglo-Sax. clif, Engl. 
 cliff, Germ, klippe and cleve. 
 All perhaps allied to our verb 
 
 2 " KAiaia, a place for reposing in or 
 resting upon. 'Aa-rrtai KeKKifxevoi, leaning 
 on their shields." Donnegan. 
 
CLO 
 
 COC 
 
 87 
 
 To cleave. The Germ, cleve 
 Wachter refers to the Island. 
 klifia, to climb. 
 
 Cloaca, a sink. For cluaca 
 fr. cluo, I cleanse. % Al. for 
 colluaca fr. colluo, I rinse. 
 
 Clodo, for claudo. As 
 
 Clostrum, for claustrum. 
 
 Clot ho, one of the Fates. 
 
 Cluaclna, or Cloaclna : See 
 Appendix. 
 
 Cluden, a sword or dagger 
 used on the stage, and so con- 
 trived that, in seeming to pene- 
 trate the body, the blade in 
 reality slid back into the hilt and 
 (cludi soleret) was inclosed in 
 it. But the reading is disputed. 
 
 Cludo, 1 shut. For claudo. 
 So Cludus for Claudus. 
 
 Clueo, I am esteemed, am 
 famous. Fr. xKvoo, kXusoo, I am 
 heard of. 
 
 Clunaculum: See Appendix. 
 
 Clunis, the buttock. Fr. 
 cluo, to cleanse. t( As being 
 the parts through which the 
 faeces of the body are ejected." 
 Tt. % Al. from y\ovTO$, whence 
 a word yXovTivo$, yKovvbg, hence 
 glutiis, clunis. 
 
 Cluo, same as Clueo, which 
 see. 
 
 Cluo, I cleanse. Shortened 
 from colluo. ^f Or from xXvfy, 
 I wash, rinse ; fut. x\6<roO) xXvw. 
 
 Clusilis, easily shut. Fr. clu- 
 do, clusum. 
 
 Clypeus, a shield. Fr. xa- 
 Autttco, KxXvna, xXu7roo, to hide, 
 cover. Or for clybeus from fut. 
 '2. xu\vfi£>, jcAujSw. If Al. soft 
 for clypheus fr. yXvtpoo, I em- 
 boss ; whence glypho, clypho. 
 
 As having figures embossed on 
 it. ^f Al. from xvxhog, an orb ; 
 transp. nkuxos, whence clypus, 
 as from XuKog is luPus. 1 
 
 Clysmus, Clyster, &c. Greek 
 words. 
 
 Co—, for con — , com — . 
 
 Coa vestis, a vest from the 
 island of Cos. 
 
 Coactilia, felt. Fr. cogo, co- 
 actum. That is, wool or hair 
 stuffed close. So 7r/Av)j«,a from 
 
 7Tl\S0O. 
 
 Coagmentum, a fastening of 
 things together. For coagimen- 
 tum fr. coago, cogo, I drive to- 
 gether. 
 
 Coagulum, whatever fastens 
 or binds ; runnet used in thick- 
 ening or curdling milk. Fr. co- 
 ago, cogo. 
 
 Codleo, Codlesco, I grow to- 
 gether, unite, &c. From co ; 
 alo, I nourish, ^f Al. short 
 for coadoleo, coadolesco. 
 
 Coaxo, I croak as a frog. 
 From xou%, the sound of frogs. 
 
 Coccum, the grain with which 
 cloth is dyed of a scarlet color. 
 A thread or piece of cloth dyed 
 with it. Koxxog. 
 
 Cocetum, a kind of cake made 
 of honey and poppy. Fr. kvxyi- 
 tqv, mixed. 
 
 Cochlea, a snail ; periwinkle ; 
 anything in a periwinkle or spi- 
 ral form, as the screw or spindle 
 of a press, a pair of winding 
 stairs, a pump to draw out 
 water. KoyXictt. 
 
 Cochleare, Cochlear, a spoon. 
 
 1 Al. from K\e7r£> fut. 2. of K\4irTW, I 
 steal. " Quia abscondit et furatur quo- 
 dammodo lrevam partem hominis." F. 
 
88 
 
 coc- 
 
 COH 
 
 From the cochlea, whose shell 
 its bowl represents. Or because 
 shells were used for spoons. 
 
 Codes, blind of one eye. 
 From Kux).w^, (a Cyclops, as 
 having one eye only) whence 
 xqxAoaJ/, as pThv), mOla ; vTxrbg, 
 nOctis ; hence codes, by giving 
 it a Latin termination, somewhat 
 as from ccXai-n^B is vulpeS. 
 
 Cocytus, a river of Hell. Kca- 
 
 XUTOC. 
 
 Coda, for cauda. So Clodo. 
 
 Codex, for caudex, (See Co- 
 da.) The stump or stock of a 
 tree. Also, a book, or volume ; 
 being anciently made of boards, 
 smeared with wax ; as some at 
 this day. " Codex, a paper 
 book ; called (k codicibus) from 
 the trunks of trees ; the bark 
 whereof being stripped off serv- 
 ed the ancients to write their 
 books on." Black. Also, a 
 book of accounts, a memoran- 
 dum book. And, a will. 
 
 Cddicillus, dimin. of codex, 
 wis. 
 
 Call- Syria, hollow-Syria, as 
 lying low between the high 
 mountains Libanus and Antili- 
 banus. Fr. xoiXy, hollow. 
 
 Cailo, See Casio. 
 
 Ccdum. See Caelum. 
 
 Ccma, a dinner, the principal 
 meal of the Romans. Fr. xoivyj 
 i. e. 8«i£, an entertainment taken 
 in common with one's family or 
 friends. Communis victus. 
 ^f Al. from cdxvov, (same as dlx- 
 Xov) a supper ; transp. xouvov, 
 
 Canum, dirt, mire. Fr. xoi- 
 vov, unclean. Or xoivbv is com- 
 mon. Common refuse. 
 
 Capio, 1 begin. Usually re- 
 
 ferred to cepi pf. of capio, I 
 take in hand, I undertake. But 
 the diphthong is thus unaccount- 
 ed for. Perhaps, as Capio is 
 from xaco or x* 00 » so fr° m X oia) > 
 (whence %oTvj£,) the same as 
 %a'a>, is capio. Or, as a^TOfxoti 
 is to undertake from a-xTco, 
 whence apio ; suppose that 
 from coapio, cuepio, (as coArceo, 
 coErceo,) is capio, to under- 
 take. Or may capio be for 
 concipio, cut down to coipio, 
 whence coepio, as coitus, co- 
 Etus r 
 
 Cotrceo, I environ, keep io. 
 For coarceo. 
 
 Caro, same as Curo, which 
 see. 
 
 Catus, an assembly. For 
 coitus (as TrOJva, pCEna) fr. 
 coeo, coitum. 
 
 Cogito, I ponder, consider, 
 think. For coagito, as Coago, 
 Cogo. Sallust: " Mihi multa 
 cum auimo agitanti consilium 
 fuit." Horace : " Haec ego 
 mecum Compressis agzYolabris." 
 Con in cogito refers to the va- 
 riety of subjects, or increases 
 the force of agito, 
 
 Cognatus, related by birth. 
 Gnatus from gnascor. 
 
 Cognitus, known well. For 
 cognotus from giwsco. 
 
 Cogo, 1 drive together, com- 
 pel, collect together. For coa- 
 go. So Compello is used. Or 
 co in cogo increases the force, as 
 in Comprobo. 
 
 Cohibeo, for Cohabeo, I hold, 
 hold in, hold off. 
 
 Cohors, ortis, a coop, small 
 inclosure. Fr. co, and hortus 
 for chortus, x°P T0 $> ( as ^ r ^ rom 
 
COH 
 
 COL 
 
 89 
 
 Xelg,) an inclosure. fl Al. from 
 co, and hors, fr. opo$, (as Mors 
 from Mopos) a boundary. *f Al. 
 from x°P T0 $> chortus, lengthened 
 into cohort us, somewhat as Ve- 
 hemens for Vemens. 
 
 Cohors, ortis, a band of sol- 
 diers or of men. Varro : " Qu6d, 
 ut cohors in villa ex pluribns 
 tectis coDJungitur et quiddam fit 
 unura ; sic haec ex manipulis 
 copulatur cohors." Vossius : 
 " Quod, ut villica cohors, ita 
 militaris etiam cohors rotunda 
 esse soleat, quomodo glo- 
 bus militum dicitur." % Al. 
 from cohort or. From the idea 
 of mutual excitement. 
 
 Colaphus, a blow with the 
 fist. KoKoL<pog. 
 
 Coleus, testiculus. A xovXeos, 
 unde et Culeus. 
 
 Coliphium, a kind of dry diet 
 which wrestlers took, to make 
 themselves strong and firm- 
 fleshed. Fr. xwXov, a limb; 
 tyi, strongly, robustly. As 
 making the limbs robust. 
 % " Salmasius deduces it fr. 
 xwkfaiot, the ends of the limbs 
 of animals ; fr. xc6a*j\[/, *j7ro£, the 
 ham or ankle-bone. For they 
 made use of the pieces of meat 
 which had least juice and mois- 
 ture." F. 
 
 Colis, for caulis. As Cauda, 
 Coda. 
 
 Collega, a copartner in office. 
 For comlega fr. lego, as. One 
 to whom the care of a business 
 (legatur) is intrusted (cum) with 
 another. Plautus: u Legatum 
 est tibi negotium." 
 
 Collegium, said properly of 
 a partnership in office. Thus 
 Etym. 
 
 Livy of the two Consuls : " Nil 
 concordi collegio firmius ad rem- 
 publicam tuendam esse." Hence 
 of a partnership in any business. 
 Fr. collega. We say a Com- 
 mittee from Mitto, which is the 
 same as Lego. % Al. from 
 lex, legis. As said of men un- 
 der the same laws and regula- 
 tions. 
 
 Collides, gutters or drains in 
 the fields. Fr. lacio, I draw, 
 lead, % With collide is con- 
 founded colliquia, which is re- 
 ferred to liquor, 1 drop, run, 
 flow. 
 
 Collido, I dash against, clash, 
 bruise. Fr. Iccdo. That is, 
 (lado) I hurt by bringing into 
 contact (cum) with. 
 
 Colllneo, I aim at or hit a 
 mark. That is, I aim, my eyes 
 keeping on straight (cum lifted 
 recta) with a right line. 
 
 Collis, a hillock, hill. Fr. 
 xoXoovbs, xoXvbg, (as from Kopwvr) 
 is Cornix) whence colnis, and 
 for softness collis, as 6<rTu be- 
 came osSa, as 8up<ro$ became 
 Qappog, as arpvpvct or fxvqvoi be- 
 came pvppot, and as Pollucis is 
 for Polducis from JJoKvlzux^, 
 I1q}$evxyi$. ^f Al. from collum, 
 a neck. As Xo<po$ is not only 
 a neck, but also a hillock. 1 
 
 Colluco, I cut away trees so 
 as to give (lucem) light. See 
 Interluco. % "From Germ. 
 lucke, an opening; allied to 
 kax)s, a cleft." W. 
 
 Collum, the neck. Fr. collis, 
 a hill. " Because it rises from 
 
 Fr. kw\vw, to hinder/' Haigh. 
 M 
 
90 
 
 COL- 
 
 COL 
 
 the shoulders like a hill." Tt. 
 It rises above the body, as a 
 hill rises above the plain coun- 
 try. The Greeks reverse this 
 comparison in their word ko$o$ : 
 " A6<po$, the upper part of the 
 neck of an animal — the cres% 
 summit, or high peak of a moun- 
 tain — a hill or eminence." Dn. 1 
 
 Collustro: See Ulustro. 
 
 Colluvies, a conflux of dif- 
 ferent impurities, properly of 
 offscourings. For colluies fr. 
 luo, I rinse. See Alluvies, Di- 
 luvium. So Exuviae from 
 Exuo. 
 
 Collybus, the exchange of 
 coins of different kinds or of 
 different countries. The profit or 
 loss in such exchange. KoWvfiog. 
 
 Collyra, a bun, roll. KoXXvpa. 
 
 Collyrium, an external appli- 
 cation for sore eyes, made in 
 small round cakes ; an internal 
 application for fistulas. KoWv- 
 giov. 
 
 Colo, I strain liquor through 
 a cloth or sieve. Fr. vXsoo, v\a>, 
 same as v\l%oo, I strain, filter. 
 Whence culo, (as Ceterus from 
 srsgog,) and colo, asj^TXv), mOla. 
 % Al. from ^vXooo, ^yKw, 1 
 squeeze out juice. XuXo$ in Hip- 
 pocrates, says Donnegan, means 
 the expressed and strained 
 juice of barley, called strain- 
 ed ptisan. ^] Al. from xov\so$, 
 whence culeus, a sack. As 
 caxxsuco, I strain, fr. craxnoj. 2, 
 
 Colo seems primarily to mean, 
 
 1 Al. from kwKov, a limb. The neck 
 being one of the chief. In Greek kwXov 
 Is applied specially to the foot. 
 
 2 " Colum a kwAvu, arceo : quod sor- 
 des colando ArtCENTun." Ainsw. 
 
 I clip, prune, as Cicero has 
 (< Colere vitem ;" and to come 
 from xo\a.%a), fut. xoXa<ra>, xo\aco, 
 xo\a>, 3 I clip, prune. Hence 
 colo means, I clear from excre- 
 scences, I trim ; as we speak of 
 a bird pruning its feathers. 
 Hence, I adjust, make neat, 
 dress, as Dryden uses the word 
 Prune: "Grows a fop, 
 prunes up, &c." Hence, I 
 pay great attention to, study, 
 pursue ; regard, honor, vene- 
 rate. In regard to the fields, 
 it means, I am attentive and 
 sedulous about cultivating or 
 tilling them. Lastly, it means, 
 I frequent a spot, " assiduus 
 sum in loco aliquo," as Forcel- 
 liui explains it; and hence, I 
 dwell in, inhabit. 
 
 Colobicus, mutilated. Fr. 
 
 Colocasia, the Egyptian bean. 
 KoXoxcuritx. 
 
 Colon, the longest of the in- 
 testines; the disease of it, the 
 colic. KoXov. 
 
 Colony the member of a sen- 
 tence. KwXqv. 
 
 Colonia, a colony or planta- 
 tion which persons are sent to 
 till and to dwell in. Fr. colo ; 
 or nearer fr. colonus, a tiller of 
 the ground. 
 
 Colonus, a tiller, husbandman, 
 labourer, farmer, &c. Fr. colo. 
 
 Color, Colos, a color, com- 
 plexion, tint, hue; false color 
 given to a thing, pretext, cloak. 
 
 Fr. XP°°$> tne c °l° r ; or . more 
 properly, as Damm explains it, 
 
 3 Haigh refers colo to Ka\bs, fair. As 
 dAfxu, dOmo. 
 
COL- 
 
 COL 
 
 91 
 
 a surface with its color ; whence 
 croor (as xpuoZ, cruoR); by 
 transp. cor or ; and for softness 
 color, somewhat as fr. KsiPiov is 
 liLiutn. Or fr. XP°°$> whence 
 coros, colos. % Al. from ^Koog 
 (whence door, color), a green- 
 ish yellow color. Hence trans- 
 ferred to color generally. % Al. 
 from colo, to pay attention to, 
 adorn, embellish. But the 
 sense of * f embellishment, orna- 
 ment, dress/' is rather, as For- 
 cellini remarks, a metaphorical 
 meaning derived from those 
 above. ^[ Al. from ^uAo^, any 
 extracted juice, and so paint: 
 JEol. %uA&p, whence color, as 
 ixTXyi, mOla. 
 
 Colossus, an enormous statue. 
 Ko\o<r<ro$. 
 
 Colostra ; See Appendix. 
 
 Coluber, a snake. Haigh : 
 " Fr. xaXujSvj, a covering, a ca- 
 vern. Because it is fond of 
 holes and secret retreats." Kol- 
 Xv(3y} might have been written 
 xoAu/3>j by the iEolians. "The 
 JEolians said 8gO(r&cog for QpA- 
 o-ecog, fipOhsoog for fipAUoos, &c." 
 
 Colum, a strainer. See Colo. 
 
 Columba, a dove. Fr. xo- 
 Xv(if}w, to dive, duck. Ovid : 
 "Oscula dat cupido blanda co- 
 lumba uiari." Turton explains 
 it of its swimming motion in 
 the air. Aristotle uses xoXvp- 
 fhs of a dab-chick. f The 
 Encycl. Britannica refers to the 
 British words k'lommen, kylob- 
 man, holm, which signify the 
 same as columba. We may 
 add culver. 
 
 Columbar, a kind of collar put 
 
 round the necks of slaves as a 
 punishment, a kind of pillory. 
 "From its likeness to the holes 
 of dovecots or places where 
 (columbce) doves build their 
 nests." F. 
 
 Columbarium, a pigeon-hole, 
 dovecot. And, from likeness 
 to it, the mortise-holes in which 
 the ends of rafters are fastened 
 in buildings ; &c. Fr. columba. 
 
 Columella, a small pillar. 
 For columnella. 
 
 Columen, the principal beam 
 extending along the roof of a 
 house, and on which all the 
 parts of the roof depend ; used 
 also in an extended sense for the 
 top or roof of a house. Meta- 
 phorically, the principal, head, 
 or chief of a party ; and a prop, 
 stay, support. Fr. columis, 
 " Quod dornum columem prae- 
 stet." Ainsw. 
 
 Columis, whole, sound, safe, 
 healthy. For holumis (as Cete- 
 rus for Heterus) fr. oXog, whole, 
 sound. Or perhaps from a 
 word o\ifjL0$ or oXupog. ^f Al. 
 from the Chaldee KLYM, 
 strong, sound. 1 
 
 Columna, a pillar. For co- 
 lumina fr. columen, irris, a prop, 
 support. 
 
 Columnarii, bankrupts, spend- 
 thrifts, &c. who were prosecuted 
 at the columua Msenia. 
 
 Coluri, thecolures. KoXovgoi. 
 
 Coluria, pilasters. " Fr. xo- 
 Xovpog, having the tail mutilated. 
 
 1 Haigh : " Properly, under shelter. 
 Fr. Ka.\vfj.iJ.a, (^KdXvfjLa,) a covering." 
 % " Abarbarico kal, hail, [whence our 
 hale,] sanus." W. 
 
92 
 
 COL- 
 
 COM 
 
 For on the top they are without 
 the proper ornaments of pillars. 
 [Or merely fr. xo\ovw, mutilo.] 
 Some read colluria. For the 
 figure of the collyria approaches 
 nearly to that of a column." F. 
 
 Colurnus, of the hazel-tree. 
 For corylumus fr. corylus, as 
 Tacitus, Taciturnus. ^f Al. 
 transposed for coralnus, coruli- 
 nus, fr. corylus. 
 
 Colus, a distaff. Fr. colo, to 
 labor at. So Forcellini defines co- 
 lo, " studium, operam, laborem 
 ponoin re aliqua. perficienda,as- 
 siduus sum circa rem aliquam." 
 Rather in the sense of Ovid : 
 " Creditur et lanas excoluisse 
 rudes," where excolo seems to 
 mean to trim. Others under- 
 stand colo here to adorn. " Quia 
 ea nentur qua? ad ornatum 
 pertinent." V. 
 
 Colustra : See Colostra in 
 Appendix. 
 
 Com — : See Cum. 
 
 Coma, the hair of the head ; 
 the leaf of a tree, which is to 
 the tree what the hair is to the 
 head. i£o'pj. 
 
 Comblno, I combine. Bina 
 conjungo. 
 
 Comburo, 1 burn up. Fr. 
 nvga>, I burn, ^f Al. for cornuro. 
 
 Come, a village. i£a>pj. 
 
 Comes , comitis, a companion. 
 Comitis is fr. corn and itum su- 
 pine of co. One who goes w ith 
 another. 
 
 Comestus, eaten up. Fr. edo, 
 estum. 
 
 Cometes, a comet. Ko^ty^. 
 
 Comicus, relating to or be- 
 fitting comedy. Ku>(ux6$. 
 
 Coniinus, hand to hand, in 
 
 close combat ; close at hand, 
 forthwith. From co and mantis. 
 Manus cum manu. Compare 
 Eminus. 
 
 Comis, courteous, mild, 
 affable. Fr. como, I trim, 
 polish, as Quintilian has " Co- 
 mere et expolire orationem." 
 Hence comis is much the same 
 as our word Polite from Polio. 
 % Al. from xoj«,jtxco, I adorn with 
 care, ^f Al. for cosmis fr. xo<r- 
 [aoo, I adorn. *} Al. from xoojaos, 
 festivity, hilarity, ^f Al. from 
 com, i. e. cum, and eo. Some- 
 what as the Greeks use o-w^tts- 
 pipegopou for, I am obsequious 
 or complaisant. But O would 
 be short, as in Comes. 
 
 Comissor, 1 banquet, revel. 
 For comassor fr. xco[x^cjo, xco- 
 \lo&<tw, xoofjLa<7<rco. Or comissor 
 is fr. xobpog, a revelling, whence 
 comissor, as from Pater is Pa- 
 trisso. Or a word xw^'CCp may 
 have existed, of the same sense 
 as xoofia^a). 
 
 Cotnites (plural of comes) 
 were persons who attended on 
 the magistrates on their journey 
 to the provinces. And hence, 
 under the later Emperors, com- 
 ites were counts or persons 
 who attended the Emperors in 
 their expeditions. 
 
 Cbniitia, a public meeting of 
 the people for voting. Fr. com, 
 and itum supine of eo. See 
 Conies. 
 
 Comitialis morbus, the fall- 
 ing sickness. For, if any one 
 was seized with this disease at 
 the time of holding the comitia, 
 the meeting was suspended. 
 
 Comitor, 1 go along with, 
 
COM 
 
 C O M 
 
 93 
 
 accompany. Fr. comes, itis ; 
 or at once from com, and itum 
 supine of eo. 
 
 Comma, a comma. Koppct. 
 
 Commendo, 1 commit or re- 
 commend to another's care, re- 
 commend, praise. Fr. mando. 
 
 Commentarius, a book of 
 short comments, reflections, me- 
 moirs. Fr. comment ari. 
 
 Commentor, I meditate, muse 
 on ; plan, contrive ; make re- 
 flections, comment. Fr. mens, 
 mentis. I put things together 
 in my mind, ^f Or from a verb 
 meno, supine mentum ; from 
 fiEve?. " Mevog, in the plural, 
 projects, purposes, designs." Dn. 
 Hence comminiscor, I devise, 
 contrive. 
 
 Comminiscor : See Com- 
 mentor. 
 
 Commi, gum. Koppi. 
 
 Commissura, a joint. Fr. 
 committo, commissum, to join. 
 
 Committo. Mitto in com- 
 pounds often means to place. 
 See the first Admitto." Hence 
 committo is to place together or 
 join. As in Virgil : " Manum 
 commiitere Teucris." Hence 
 the expressions Committer e pug- 
 nam, pralium, bellum, rixam, 
 quadrigas, &c. mean to join bat- 
 tle with another, to join one's 
 car with that of another, side 
 by side in action. Committo is 
 also to consign, entrust, trust. 
 As in " committer e se populo, 
 periculo," &c. That is, to 
 place oneself so as to come into 
 contact with. 
 
 Committo, I do, commit, as 
 in Committere flagitium, adul- 
 terium, &c. Ernesti supposes 
 
 this notion to arise from a bat- 
 tle which is said committi. (See 
 above.) That is, as we say 
 Committere bellum, so we may 
 say Committere adulterium, 
 &c. 
 
 Commbdo, I tender service 
 to, accommodate, supply, give, 
 lend. That is, I profit, help ; 
 from commodum. 
 
 Commodum, convenience, ad- 
 vantage, profit ; reward, stipend. 
 Neuter of commodus. 
 
 Commodus, proper, fitting, 
 meet, convenient, suitable; ac- 
 commodating, agreeable, oblig- 
 ing. That is, being cum modo, 
 as Cicero uses Bono modo : 
 " Ha?c tibi tarn sunt defendenda 
 quam mcenia ; mihi autem bono 
 modo f tantum quantum videbi- 
 tur." That is, as far as shall 
 seem proper or convenient. 
 
 Communico, I share with any 
 one, or make another share with 
 me, impart, &c. That is, facio 
 communem. 
 
 Communio, mutual participa- 
 tion in the same privileges, &c. 
 Fr. communis. % Al. from 
 mune, pi. munia, office, func- 
 tion ; or fr. munus, boon, favor. 
 
 Communis seems properly to 
 refer to {munia) offices or duties 
 common to individuals, or to in- 
 dividuals having offices or duties 
 in common. Cicero : " Ut com- 
 mune officium censura? com- 
 muni animo defenderent." Hence 
 it is extended to the offices or du- 
 ties of general society ; and to 
 the inhabitants of a town or of a 
 country fulfilling mutual du- 
 ties ; and lastly to all the human 
 race. General, common, uni- 
 
94 
 
 COM 
 
 COM 
 
 versal. ^f Al. from mvenia. 
 Within the same walls as ano- 
 ther. % " From Germ, mesne, 
 common, the Latin communis, 
 which can hardly be accommo- 
 dated to the Latin language, 
 seems to originate." W. 
 
 Como, i comb, dress, or 
 adorn, the hair ; I trim, polish. 
 Ft. nop/loco, xo [1,0.60, I dress, 
 adorn with care, ^f AI. from 
 xopiot), ko[lco, I attire, adorn. But 
 
 would be short, % Al. from 
 xorpect), xoc-po), I arrange, adorn. 
 ^f A!, from coma. 
 
 Comozdia, comedy. Kcopootilu, 
 i. e. xcopwillx. 
 
 Compactus, joined closely or 
 firmly together. Fr. pango, 
 pactum. 
 
 Compages, a joining together. 
 Fr. ntxyco, Doric of 7njycy, I fix. 
 Or from compago, compango. 
 
 Comparo, I liken. That is, 
 
 1 make (compar) like with. 
 
 Compello,as, 1 call, summon. 
 Also, 1 accost, address ; accost 
 so as to interrogate, reprove. Fr. 
 pello, I urge, i. e. urge to come 
 to me. See Appello. Com 
 increases the force, as in Com- 
 probo. % Al. from 7rs\uw, 
 weAw, to approach, ^f " From 
 Hebrew PLL, i. e. piiel, to 
 address." JBecman. 
 
 Compendium, a saving, gain 
 got by saving, profit, advantage ; 
 a saving of trouble, a short cut, 
 a short way or method. Fr» 
 pendo. Vossius says : " Com- 
 pendium is properly, when by 
 adding anything the scales are 
 made equal again, so that we 
 should lose nothing. Dispen- 
 dium is when anything is taken 
 
 away from the weight to our 
 loss. Interpendium is, when 
 one scale does not overbalance 
 the other." This is hardly sa- 
 tisfactory. Perhaps dispendium 
 is a paying away money in dif- 
 ferent directions, and so a wast- 
 ing of it : and compendium is 
 opposed to (dispendium) a 
 waste, and means a saving. 
 Black: " A compendium de- 
 notes that in which several things 
 (penduntur) are weighed or 
 considered together: hence it 
 signifies a concise view of any 
 science." Hence again might 
 follow a general notion of sa- 
 ving. 
 
 Compenso, I weigli one thing 
 against another, counterbalance, 
 match, compensate, requite. Fr. 
 pendo , pensum. 
 
 Compenso, 1 shorten the way. 
 See Compendium. 
 
 Comperendino, I adjourn un- 
 til (pe?endie) the thiid day. 
 
 Comperio, I find out, disco- 
 ver, ascertain. Fr. pario, I 
 bring to light. See i\perio. 
 
 Compernis, bowlegged. Hav- 
 ing the (pemas) legs together. 
 Ennius applies perna to the 
 human leg : " His pemas suc- 
 cidit iniqua superbia Poeni." 
 
 Compes, pedis, a fetter. As 
 fastening (pedes) the feet to- 
 gether. 
 
 Compesco, I restrain, check. 
 For compasco, properly in al- 
 lusion to sheep. I cayse sheep 
 to feed together, and keep them 
 from rambling. So Dispesco 
 is to lead sheep into different 
 pastures so as to keep them 
 asunder, ^f Or perhaps pasco 
 
COM- 
 
 CON 
 
 9o 
 
 is here fr. rcotia, 1 in the sense of, 
 I press ; I press tight together, 
 curb. 
 
 Competitio, a seeking or aim- 
 ing at the same thing as another. 
 Fr. peto. 
 
 Competo, said of one thing 
 suiting another, i. e. aiming at 
 or tending to the same point. 
 Suetonius : " Tanto animo ne- 
 quaquam corpus competiit." So 
 of one thing which meets, coin- 
 cides with, joins with another. 
 Varro : " Ubi vise competimt J* 
 
 Compingo, I fasten together. 
 Also, I jam one thing against 
 another, thrust. Fr. pango. So 
 Impingo. 
 
 Compitum, a place where two 
 or more ways (competimt) meet. 
 Varro : " Ubi viae competunt." 
 
 Complect or, 1 embrace, &c. 
 See Amplector. 
 
 Compleo, I fill up. Fr. nhsa, 
 I fill. So Impleo, &c. 
 
 Complex, icis, an accomplice. 
 Fr. plico. As entangled or im- 
 plicated in the same crime. 
 
 Complodo, for complaudo. 
 
 Compos, otis, having power 
 over, being master of. Fr. po- 
 tis, whence potior, potestas. 
 Virgil : " At non Evandrum 
 potis est vis ulla tenere." 
 
 Compuio, I reckon. Fr. puto, 
 I estimate. 
 
 Con — , for com — . For soft- 
 ness, as Concavus for Comca- 
 vus. 
 
 Concentus, a concert of music. 
 Fr. cantus. 
 
 1 Whence Trriyco, Tr^yvvfit, irare'w, ?r«- 
 Tcwrcc», &c. See Lennep in irareco. 
 
 Concepta verba, a set form of 
 words. Fr. capio. " Verba 
 certa formula comprehensa." F. 
 But concepts or concept ivce fe- 
 riae are thus explained by Varro : 
 " Quae non habebant certos et 
 constitutos dies ; sed a sacerdo- 
 tibus concipiebantur in dies cer- 
 tos vel etiam incertos." Here 
 also, however, concipere may 
 have reference to the wording in 
 which the festivals were an- 
 nounced or declared. 
 
 Concha, a shell-fish; a shell; 
 anything in its form. Koy^Yj. 
 
 Conchis, a bean boiled in the 
 (concha) shell or pod. 
 
 Conchylium, a kind of shell- 
 fish from which purple dye was 
 made ; purple. Koy^vXiov. 
 
 Concilio, I join together, unite, 
 attach. Fr. concieo f whence con- 
 ciium, concilium, (as FiLius 
 for Fiius,) a calling together, 
 uniting ; thence concilio. Com- 
 pare Auxilium from Auxi. % Al. 
 for concalio from xuXiu, or from 
 o-yyxaXeto, to call together, as- 
 semble, ^y Al. from cilium, an 
 eyelid ; as properly applicable 
 to the drawing together of the 
 eyelids. 2, 
 
 Concilio, 1 attach (See above) 
 
 2 Varro states that, when a garment is 
 beaten close by a fuller, it is said conci- 
 liari. Hence this is thought to be its 
 primary meaning, whence those of uniting, 
 joining together ; and it is referred to KiXew, 
 jEol. for iriKea, (as na>s for ttws ; and as 
 ir6a.iJ.os and Kvafios are interchanged,) I 
 condense. But the iri in 7nAea> is long. 
 Or to cilium, hair ; as properly said of 
 hairs stuffed together. But cilium is the 
 hair of the eyelids, if it means hair in any 
 way. Or to KiKiKia, hair-cloth. But it 
 would be thus concilicio, as Tertullian. 
 
96 
 
 CON 
 
 CON 
 
 another to myself by kind offices, 
 I conciliate the favor of, con- 
 ciliate. Also, I attach one per- 
 son to another in marriage. 
 Suetonius : " Existimabatur fi- 
 liam suam Cassari conciliare." 
 Also, I procure, get. Cicero : 
 " Concilio raihi amorem ab om- 
 nibus." That is, I attach to 
 myself. Also, I procure, pro- 
 duce. Cicero : " Gloriam con- 
 ciliat magnitude negotii." That 
 is, attaches to itself or to the 
 person who is the object of it. 
 Thus it is used of a broker pur- 
 chasing for another. Plautus : 
 " ConciUaverunt mihi peregri- 
 n um Spartanum." Hence " Rec- 
 t& concilio" is to make a good 
 bargain. Thus also " Concilio 
 alicui nuptias, toros jugales " is, 
 I procure marriage for another, 
 bring about a marriage. 
 
 Concilium, a uniting together, 
 assembling ; an assembly. See 
 Concilio. 
 
 Concmens, concordant. For 
 concanens, singing harmoniously 
 together ; harmonious. 
 
 Concinnus, nicely fitted, neat, 
 elegant, trim. Fr. cinnus 1 fr. 
 xlxivvos, cincinnus. As properly 
 applied to locks of hair well 
 adjusted, ^f Or from cinnus, a 
 mixture of different things, a 
 hodgepodge. 
 
 Concio, a calling together ; 
 
 ence to fullers leaping upon clothes to 
 condense them : as Seneca speaks of 
 Saltus fullonius. But it would thus be 
 conSilio. 
 
 1 Cinnus is read in a passage of Plau- 
 tus and in one of Cicero in the sense of 
 cincinnus. But most MSS. have cincin- 
 mu. 
 
 assembly ; place of it ; harangue 
 in an assembly. Fr. cio, cieo* 
 If Some write contio, for comtio, 
 comitio. See Comitium. 
 
 Concipilo : See Appendix. 
 
 Conclave, any apartment un- 
 der lock and key. Fr. clavis. 
 
 Concors, cordis, joined to- 
 gether in (corde) heart or 
 mind. 
 
 Concretus, condensed, thick. 
 Said of things which have as it 
 were grown together. Fr. cresco, 
 cretum. 
 
 Concutio, for conquutio, con- 
 quatio. 
 
 Condalium, a kind of ring. 
 For brevity, for condulium, 
 (somewhat as cAnis from xTvo$,) 
 from xovovXog, a joint of the 
 finger. The Greeks say oaxxu- 
 Aiov from oaxruAo^, a finger. 
 Festus says that condulus meant 
 a ring. 
 
 Condemno, for condamno. 
 
 Condio, I season, salt, pickle. 
 Fr. duo, fr. Moo, to give, as in 
 Perduim. Here duo or do 
 means to put; as in Abdo, 
 Condo, &c. And condio is, I 
 put together, I mix ingredients 
 to season. Somewhat as apruco 
 fr. upw, aprou, to prepare, ^f Al. 
 from yctvlvw, 2, I season, a word 
 from which yavoucr ^utck. (which 
 is noticed by Isaac Vossius) 
 would flow. 
 
 Conditio, the nature, quality, 
 circumstance under which things 
 (condita sunt) are framed. As 
 
 2 A word which might be formed from 
 ydvos, pleasure (as ^xifffxaTa are spices 
 from ijSta), as ^av^aw (I shine) fr. ydvos, 
 brightness. 
 
CON 
 
 CON 
 
 97 
 
 Conditio vivendi, &c. Thus 
 Ulpian : " Natura rerum con- 
 ditum est ut phira sint negotia 
 quam vocabula." 
 
 Conditio, a stipulation, law, 
 contract, under which things 
 (conduntur) are settled or es- 
 tablished. 
 
 Condo, I lay up things to- 
 gether, treasure up, lay by, hide, 
 recondo ; 1 lay bricks, &c, to- 
 gether in building, I build, con- 
 struct, found, establish ; I put 
 words together, write, compose, 
 (as this is from Compono,) com- 
 pile. Fr. do, I place, put, as 
 in Abdo, Obdo, Addo. 
 
 Coudono, I pardon. Pro- 
 perly, I (dono) give up entirely, 
 remit. Cicero : " Pecunias cre- 
 ditas debitoribus condonandas 
 putant." 
 
 ConducOi I hire for use. 
 That is, duco mihi, I draw to 
 myself, engage, " concilio." Per- 
 haps con refers to more than 
 one. Conducere militem, prae- 
 ceptores, &c. 
 
 Condus, a steward, butler. 
 Qui condendis cibis praeponitur. 
 
 Confarreo, said of persons 
 marrying by the ceremony of 
 eating a cake (farris) of meal 
 together. 
 
 Confertus, crammed full, 
 crowded, thick. Fr. confarcio, 
 confer do, confer citus. 
 
 Confestim, forthwith. Allied 
 Xofestlno. Confestim, like Con- 
 fer tim and Confusim. 
 
 Conftcio, I do thoroughly, do 
 up, destroy ; dispatch, kill. 
 Fr.facio. So Gr. xotTepyuty- 
 
 Etym. 
 
 Conflict o, I afflict, trouble. 
 Fr. confligo, conjlictum. Said 
 properly of one thing continually 
 striking against and bruising 
 another. 
 
 Conflictor, I struggle with. 
 That is, I come into clashing 
 or collision with. See above. 
 
 Confragosus, broken, craggy, 
 rugged. Fr.ftagOjfrango. 
 
 Confuto, 1 confute. See 
 Futo. 
 
 Conger, Congrus, ri, a con- 
 ger-eel. r6yypo$. 
 
 Congius, a measure of liquids. 
 Fr. xoyp^/ov. u Koyxy, a con- 
 cave shell used as a ladle or for 
 measuring." Dn. ^f Al. from 
 %omJ, xolvwog, a measure for 
 corn ; whence ^oivxio$ f concius, 
 congius ; or whence xolv%io$, 
 conchius, congius. 
 
 Congraco, I make merry, 
 drink with others like the {Grac- 
 ci) Greeks. See Graecor. 
 
 Congruo, said of persons 
 meeting together ; hence agree- 
 ing, suiting each other, harmo- 
 nizing. For conruo; G being 
 .added for softness. 51 ^ r hy 
 metaphor ir. grus, grids. Fes- 
 tus : il Congruere, a gruibus, 
 quag se non segregant, sive cum 
 volant, sive cum pascuntur." 
 The mode of the flying of cranes 
 together in the form of a wedge 
 is well known. 
 
 Conjicio, I guess, divine. 
 That is, I throw together va- 
 rious things in my mind, and 
 consider which is most probable. 
 Or I aim at ; as the Latins say 
 Teli conjectus. 
 
 Conisco : " I butt with the 
 
 N 
 
98 
 
 CON 
 
 CON 
 
 head and horns, as lambs and 
 kids do in sport ; frisk up and 
 down, and raise the dust. Fr. 
 xovi£, dust, or xovlfa, 1 raise the 
 dust. Some read conisso. Some 
 corusco or corusso, fr. xopvovoo, 
 I excite, irritate." F. Rather, 
 in the latter case, fr. xogu<rcra>, 
 in the sense of xopvnra, i strike 
 with the horns. From xovig 
 would be conisco, somewhat as 
 from iEris is iErusco. 
 
 Conjugatio , a conjugating. 
 Yr.jugo. Scheller: " To conju- 
 gate means to fasten together and 
 connect all the parts of a whole. 
 When therefore we say that a 
 person can conjugate, it means 
 no more than that he knows of 
 every verb each personal termi- 
 nation in each number, tense, 
 and mode, can form them at 
 pleasure, and repeat them se- 
 parately or combined with 
 more." 
 
 Conjux, ugis, or Conjunx, a 
 husband, wife. Fr. jugo and 
 *ungo,junxi, 1 couple. 
 
 Conmveo, I wink or twinkle 
 with the eyes ; wink or connive 
 at, dissemble. Fr. vsvoo, vvew, 
 nyeo, nyVeo. Nsvca is in a ge- 
 neral sense " inclino," to bend 
 or tend downwards ; and, when 
 applied to the eye, is to close 
 the eye ; hence, to close the eye 
 frequently, which is winking. 
 Wachter explains the German 
 Nicken " inclinare caput 
 vel palpebras," and observes 
 that the Latin Nicto is said 
 " de nijtu cervicis et oculo- 
 RUM." Homer: y H, xou xvct- 
 vsvjcnv S7T* oQpuort vsove Kpo- 
 vlcav. The Gothic for veuw is 
 
 hneiwan, 1 which is not far from 
 niveo. z 
 
 Conopeum, a canopy, curtain. 
 Ku)voo7rsiov. 
 
 Conor, I strive, endeavour. 
 Fr. xcovoLca, x'jovcb, to twist or 
 turn about. Torqueo me in 
 omnes partes, ^f Or from xo- 
 vsco, poet, xouvea», xovvob, to haste, 
 speed, ^f Al. from conns, in a 
 metaphorical sense. From the 
 efforts of the mind being di- 
 rected to one point, as in the cone 
 numerous lines converge to one 
 point. % Or fr. Anglo-Sax. con, 
 coon, Germ, kun, brave, daring. 
 
 Conquinisco, caput inclino. 
 Proprie, ut faciunt exoneraturi 
 ventre in. Pro concunisco, a cu- 
 nio, stercus facio ; a coznum, ut 
 Punio a Poena. Compara In- 
 quino. 
 
 Conscientia, conscience. From 
 the phrase, Conscius sum mihi 
 benefacienti aut malefacienti. 
 So Gr. (Tuve/S>j(rij. 
 
 Con sent aneus, agreeable, suit- 
 able. Fr. consentio. 
 
 Consentes Dii, so called from 
 consentio, as agreeing; or formed 
 like prasentes, as being together 
 or meeting. 
 
 Constquor, I obtain. That 
 is, 1 follow until I come up 
 (cum) with. 
 
 Consldero, 1 meditate, think 
 of. Fr. considere infin. of con- 
 sldo, I settle or fix my mind on 
 a thing. We say To settle to 
 a thing. In Greek lirl^roi^ai, 
 I know, is referred by Matthiae 
 
 1 Wachter in Neigen. 
 
 2 Al. from ve<pos, vttpeos, obscurity, ob- 
 
CON- 
 
 CON 
 
 99 
 
 to e^'Vnj/** tov vovv. So Hero- 
 dotus has in-iflgtrflai vaoTjXAjo-* \lol- 
 xpyri, i. e. vovv. From considere 
 is considero, as from Desidere is 
 Desidero, from Recipere is Re- 
 cipero, Recupero. ^f AI. from 
 sidus,sideris. A metaphor taken 
 from contemplating the heavenly 
 bodies. Compare Contemplor. 
 % Al. from eTSco, 1 look at. S 
 added, as in Si from et. 
 
 Consilium, deliberation, coun- 
 sel. For cons u Hum fr. consulo, 
 as Exilium from Exulo. Or, if 
 consulo is from consilium, con- 
 silium is for considium, (as 
 oLeo for oDeo) fr. consideo, 
 consedeo, to sit together and de- 
 liberate. If Al. from consileo, 
 from mutual silence. See Con- 
 sulo. 
 
 Consobrini. See Sobrinus. 
 
 Constans, firm, fixed, con- 
 stant. Fr. sto, I stand stillor fixed. 
 
 Consterno, as, I alarm, ter- 
 rify. Fr. sterno, transferred to 
 the mind. 
 
 Consualia, games in honor 
 of the God Consus. 
 
 Consul, ulis, a consul. " Fr. 
 consulo, 1 consult ; or, 1 provide 
 for, take care of [i. e. the re- 
 public] ; or, I judge, determine. 
 The first seems most true. For, 
 whereas the first consuls suc- 
 ceeded to the regal power, they 
 thought it best to be called by a 
 popular name, by which they 
 intimated that they did not 
 direct the republic after their 
 own will, but that they ruled at 
 the advice and will of the Senate 
 and people." F. 
 
 Consulo, ui, I deliberate, dis- 
 cuss, examine, look to, provide 
 
 for. I advise with ; 1 take the 
 advice of, consult, ask the opi- 
 nion of. " A salio : proprie 
 cum plures eadem de re, quasi 
 consilientes, sententias et con- 
 siliasuaconjungunt." F. "Quia, 
 qui consulurit, rationibus in 
 un am sententiam saliunt" 
 Ainsw. Some, deriving it from 
 salio, refer it to fullers leaping 
 upon clothes to press them 
 close ; and suppose the sense of 
 coming together and so debating 
 to be metaphorical. (See Con- 
 cilio.) ^f Or f\\ consilium, whence 
 consilio, then consulo, as Occa- 
 pio, Occupo. ^f Al. from con- 
 sileo. " A mutuo silentio, secun- 
 dum Festum. Quia consilia 
 solent clam haberi, et saspe in 
 auvem susurrari." W. 1 
 
 Consulto, 1 ask advice, &c. 
 Fr. consulo, consultum. 
 
 Consummo, 1 sum up toge- 
 ther, sum up ; metaphorically, I 
 fill up, complete, finish. Fr. 
 summa, a. sum. 
 
 Consus,— 
 
 Contages, Contagio, pollution 
 by the touch or by contact, 
 contagion. Fr. tago, whence 
 tango. 
 
 Contamino, I pollute, defile. 
 Tamino is fr. tamen, taminis, 
 for tagimen fr. tago, tango. 
 Properly, 1 pollute by contact. 
 Compare Coinages. 
 
 Contemplor, I look stead- 
 fastly on, gaze on. As tem- 
 plum was a portion of the hea- 
 vens marked out by the augurs 
 to observe attentively and to 
 
 1 Al. from sella, a senatorial chair. 
 But it should be thus eomvllo. 
 
100 
 
 CON 
 
 cox 
 
 take their auguries from it, con- 
 templor is properly to observe 
 attentively such a spot, and 
 thence generally to gaze on any 
 thing. 
 
 CoTitentio, contest. Fr. ten- 
 do, tentum. A straining or ex- 
 ertion of persons together. 
 
 Contentus, contented. Fr. 
 conteneo, contention. " Qui 
 continet se in eo quod hahet." 
 F. 
 
 Conticinium, the part of the 
 night which is between cock- 
 crowing and the dawn. Fr. 
 conticeo. When all things are 
 still. 
 
 Contiguus, joining on. For 
 contigo for contago, contango. 
 Touching. 
 
 Continens, i. e. terra, a con- 
 tinent. Said of one land which 
 {continet) holds on with other 
 lands, and is not disjointed from 
 them by the sea. Or as said of 
 land joining on with a penin- 
 sula. 
 
 Contmentia,temperance. Qua 
 nos continemus. 
 
 Contingit, it falls out to us. 
 For contangit. That is, it comes 
 close with and touches, it meets, 
 strikes against us in our way. 
 
 Continub, immediately. Fr. 
 contineo. Said of things done 
 so as to join on with the present 
 moment. 
 
 Contmuus, continual. Fr. 
 contineo. As said of things 
 joining on with each other with- 
 out intermission. 
 
 Contor t I explore, investi- 
 gate, enquire. Conto aquam 
 exploro. 
 
 Contra, right opposite to, 
 
 against, &c. Fr. con, with; as 
 we use With in Withstand. Tra, 
 as in Extra. 
 
 Controversia, dispute. Fr. 
 contro same as contra, (like In- 
 tro and Intra,) versus. Com- 
 pare Adversus. 
 
 Contubernium, a certain num- 
 ber of soldiers billeted in the 
 same (taberna) tent. Hence, a 
 number of persons living toge- 
 ther under the same roof. For 
 contabernium. 
 
 Contumax, insolent, haughty, 
 froward, stubborn. Fr. tumeo. 
 Phaedrus : " Tumens inani gra- 
 culus superbia." *fi Al. for con- 
 temax fr. contemno, contemo. 
 Contemptuous. 
 
 Contumelia, insolent affront. 
 Fr. contumeo, whence contumax. 
 5f Al. from contemno, contemo. 
 
 Contus, a long pole to propel 
 vessels or explore the depth of 
 water. A long pike. Kovto$. 
 
 Convent um, a covenant, to 
 make which persons (conveniunt) 
 meet together. 
 
 Convexus, gently sloping, 
 arched, vaulted, convex. For 
 coudevexus. Black explains Con- 
 vex " carried or bended down 
 on each side." See Devexus. 
 
 Convicinm, a noise arising 
 from many voices at once ; or 
 the sound of a violent voice, (con 
 here expressing vehemence) 
 abuse, reproof. For convocium 
 fr. vox,vocis. As inqullina from 
 incOlo ; and illlco from lOcus. 
 *[f Al. from vicus. As a noise 
 arising from numerous streets. 
 If Al. from vices, as referring 
 to alternate abuse. But the i 
 is here short. 
 
CON 
 
 COR 
 
 101 
 
 Convince, I convince, prove 
 manifestly. That is, vinco verbis. 
 
 Conviva, a guest. Fr. con- 
 vivo, which is used in the same 
 modified sense. Piautus : " Mi- 
 sisti Sosiam, ut hodie tecum 
 conviverem." 
 
 Conns, a cone. Koovog. 
 
 Copa, a hostess. For caupa, 
 as Caupo, Copo. 
 
 Cophinus, a twig-basket. Ko- 
 <psvoc. 
 
 Copia, plenty, store, re- 
 sources. For coopia from co 
 opes. If Al. from coapia fr. 
 apio, I join. As Coago, Cogo. 
 See Copula. 
 
 Copiata, persons employed 
 to carry out dead bodies in the 
 night to be buried. Fr. xexo- 
 vioLtcu pp. of xo7n«a>, I labor. 
 Forcellini explains it by xo- 
 
 TTlGtTCii. 
 
 Copis, Mis, a kind of falchion. 
 Komg. 
 
 Copo, for caupo. As Cau- 
 dex, Codex. 
 
 Coprea, a jester, buffoon. 
 " Fr. xonpog, dung ; whence xo- 
 %pio$ uvrjQ, a man as vile as dung. 
 For such men do and suffer any 
 thing, if they can but get mo- 
 ney." F. 
 
 Cops, copis, abundant, rich. 
 See Copia. 
 
 Copta, a kind of hard bis- 
 cuit. K07TTY}. 
 
 Copula, a tie, band, fetter. 
 For coapula fr. coapio ; apio, 
 I join. Ula, as in Muscipula. 1 
 
 1 Al. for copia, transposed from ploca, 
 fr. ttXok}), a braiding. As iEscUlapius 
 from 'AcrtcXriTTios. f Al. for compula fr. 
 eompello, compuli. 
 
 Coquina, a kitchen. Where 
 
 things (coquuntur) are cooked. 
 
 Coquo, I cook or diess 
 victuals. Fr. xvxauo, xvxw, I stir 
 up, mix together, ^f Or fr. 
 9rs7rrco, I cook ; pf. mid. 7re7roira, 
 TroVa ; iEol. xoxoc, as xcb$ for 
 7ra;j. ^y Al. from xoVnw, to cut ; 
 fut. 2. X07TU), iEol. xQxw. % The 
 Anglo-Sax. coc, Germ, coch, is 
 cook. And Germ, cochen is to 
 cook. 
 
 Coquus, a cook. Fr. coquo. 
 
 Cor, cordis, the heart. Cor- 
 dis is for cardis (as dOmo from 
 tiApu)) fr. xagtilet, ^f Or cor is 
 fr. xYjg. z 
 
 Cora, the pupil of the eye. 
 KopYi. 
 
 Coralium, Cor allium, Cura- 
 lium, Coralium, coral. Kopu- 
 Xiov, xoptxWiov, xovpaXiov, xogatX- 
 Aoy, xoopctXXov. 
 
 Coram, in presence of, before. 
 Fr. xovpav poet, for xopctv, i. e. 
 xcnoL xopotv ; xogtx, the pupil of 
 the eye, being taken for the eye 
 itself. So that xura xdgctv will 
 be, " ob oculum;" or eye to 
 eye, as the French say Tete-Jt- 
 tete. U" Al. from ywpew, i. e. 
 xoltol ycupoLv, to the place. As 
 said of a person brought to the 
 place where another is, and put 
 before him. ^f Al. for corim 
 from co, and os, oris. That is, 
 Face to face. Compare Co- 
 minus. 3 
 
 2 Wachter refers to Anglo-Sax. heorte, 
 heart. 
 
 3 L'Eveque (as quoted with approba- 
 tion by Tooke) supposes coram to be a 
 Sclavonic word. He thinks it limited to 
 the presence of some particular person, 
 and that in a confined or closed place ; 
 
102 
 
 COR- 
 
 ■COR 
 
 Corbis, a twig-basket. Fr. 
 yvgb$, curved ; whence gurbis, 
 (as Pis in Cuspis,) curbis, then 
 corbis, as vTxrbc, nOctis. ^f 
 Al. for curbis fr. curvus. ^[ 
 Wachter notices Germ, corb. 1 
 
 Corbita, a large ship for traf- 
 fic. Fr. corbis, as Avus, Avi- 
 ta. " Qu6d in malo ejus wa- 
 pa<rr)[M)v sive signum esset corbis, 
 contra quam in aliis navibus 
 fiebat, quarum Tragacnjju,» erant 
 in prora." V. This is supplied 
 by Festus. 
 
 Corculum, a little heart. For 
 cordiculum. 
 
 Corda : See Chorda. 
 
 Cordatus, brave ; prudent. 
 Prseditus corde forti vel prudenti. 
 
 Cordax, acts, a dance used in 
 comedies. Kopdot%. 
 
 Corium, the skin or hide of a 
 beast. Fr. x°F iOV > which is 
 thought by Donnegan to mean 
 the same as corium in Theocr. 
 10, 11 ; but Kiessling translates 
 it " exta." Donnegan (in %o- 
 posi§Y;c) says that %opnv is applied 
 to several membranes; whence 
 corium might have been carried 
 on to mean a skin or hide, ^f 
 Al. from xsxopet, (xopct,) pf. mid. 
 of xdgco, to clip off, cut off. 
 Or even to strip off: see Cortex. 
 Corium seems used of hides 
 stripped from animals. Com- 
 pare Cortex from xixopton. 
 
 and to come from Korami or Mejdou 
 Korami. " Parceque," he says, «' la 
 cloture des habitations etoit souvent faite 
 d'ecorce, Kora." 
 
 1 Al. from n6<pivos, koQvos; whence 
 K6v<pos, conbus (as o/*<J»a>, amBo), corbvs, 
 as Genimen, GeNmen, GeRmen ; Ca- 
 nimen, CaNmen, CaRmen. 
 
 Gr. Up^a is a hide from Ugc*, 
 SefapfActi, to strip off. ^f Al. 
 from the north. Germ, kur, 
 kor, French cuir, is skin, hide ; 
 and Germ, kurassj Fr. cuirasse, 
 Engl, cuirass, is a breastplate of 
 hide, as Lorica from Lorum. 
 Wachter however refers the 
 German to the Latin word. 
 
 Cornicen, hits, one that blows 
 a horn. Cornicinis is from cor- 
 nu cano. As Fidicen, mis. 
 
 Cornicularius, a name of rank 
 in the army, a petty officer, 
 cornet. As distinguished by 
 the corniculum, a little horn, an 
 ornament presenled by their 
 generals to soldiers as a mark of 
 merit. 
 
 Comix, icis, a crow or rook. 
 Fr. xopwvYi, xopvr h whence cor- 
 nix, as from Mater, Matris or 
 from MYjTpot, is Matrix, icis. 
 
 Cornu, a horn ; anything 
 made of horn, as a hoof, lan- 
 tern, &c. So, a trumpet, horn, 
 as formerly made of horn. Any- 
 thing in the form of a horn, as 
 the horn of the moon ; the wing 
 of an army. " Quia tota acies 
 sa?pe ita disponitur, ut media 
 sinuata, curvalaque utrinque 
 extrema, Lunae in cornua cres- 
 centis flgura referatur." F. So 
 it is said of streams, as winding 
 like horns. Wachter: "Horn, 
 German ; a very ancient word. 
 Hebr. keren, Syr. karna, Arab. 
 karri, Gr. xegac, Lat. cornu, 
 Armoric com, cern, Goth. 
 haurn." As we find txxspoog, 
 axspvov, svxepcios, evxsgcov, from 
 xspaj ; so from a word xegoog, 
 neuter xepwv, transp. xigvoo, might 
 be formed cornu, as from KEp- 
 
COR 
 
 COR 
 
 10S 
 
 xvpu is formed COrcyra. Or 
 fr. xeposig, neut. xsposv, xspovv, 
 transp. xepvov. 
 
 Cornus, the cornel-tree. For 
 carrms fr. xpotvsioi, xxpvsla, as 
 from xAqlla is pea haps cOrdis. 
 ^f Forcellini seems to derive it 
 fr. corrm: i( Cornus est materiel 
 praedura? et cornu similis." So 
 Turton : " From the hardness 
 of its wood and branches, which 
 are like horn." 
 
 Corolla, a little crown. For 
 coronella. 
 
 Cbrollarium, something given 
 over and above what is due, so 
 named from its being customary 
 to present distinguished actors 
 and singers with a corolla over 
 and above their usual hire. 
 Hence it means a corollary to a 
 proposition, &c. 
 
 Corona, a crown, garland. 
 Donnegan gives a " crown" as 
 one of the meanings of xopoMYj ; 
 and says elsewhere : " Xopog pro- 
 perly imports the circular move- 
 ment of dancers in a ring. It is 
 interpreted by Hesychius xuxKo$ 
 and o-Tstpavo;. The derivative 
 Xogcovbg, a circular wreath or 
 crown, occurs in Atheneeus 15 ; 
 and from the same origin cho- 
 rona for corona, Cic. Orat. 48, 
 and Quintil. I. 5." 
 
 Corona, a ring or circling 
 crowd of people. A ring of 
 troops investing a place. A 
 chain of hills extending in a cir- 
 cle. See above. 
 
 Corona, the extremity of any- 
 thing, especially if curved ; as 
 the highest projection of a wall 
 or column, a cornice ; &c. Ko- 
 pwvYj, xopwvis. 
 
 Coronis, idis, the finish of 
 anything. Kogoovlg. 
 
 Cbrono, I crown ; surround, 
 &c. See the first and second 
 Corona. 
 
 Corpulentus, one of a large 
 (corpus) body. So Vinum, Vi- 
 nolentus. 
 
 Corpus, a body. Fr. xgoog, 
 a body; whence croPus, (as 
 A««£, laPis) transp. corpus. 
 f'.Al. from xogpog, the trunk of 
 a tree ; Mo\. xopnog. % Wachter: 
 " Corper, Germ., a body both 
 living and dead. With the 
 Welsh corf is a body or trunk 
 of a body. The Suecihave kropp 
 and the Islandi krqf'm the same 
 sense. The English use corps 
 of a dead body only. The 
 French of a living one also. It 
 is doubted whether the Latins 
 took it from the Barbarians, or 
 these from them. Pezronius 
 contends for a Celtic, Stiler for 
 a German, origin." Quayle re- 
 fers to Celtic corp. 
 
 Corrigia, the latchet by 
 which the shoe was fixed on, or 
 more properly (solebat corrigi) 
 was regulated. 
 
 Corrigo, I put straight or 
 right, direct. See Rego. 
 
 Corrogo, I bring or get to- 
 gether by entreaty. Fr. rogo. 
 
 Corruda, 
 
 Corrumpo pecunia, &c, I 
 bribe. That is, 1 spoil, con- 
 taminate by means of money. 
 
 Cors : See Chors. 
 
 Cortex, the bark or rind of a 
 tree. Fr. xoprog, 1 shorn, cut 
 off; or capable of being so. 
 
 1 Fr. «cKopTcu pp. of «eipw. 
 
104 
 
 COR- 
 
 COT 
 
 Or xoprog is stripped off. Bu- 
 deeus gives " erado, stringo" as 
 meanings of xelgoa ; which apply 
 better. 1 
 
 Cortina, a dying vat, a caul- 
 dron or kettle in which wood 
 was dyed. Hence, the tripod 
 from which the priestess of 
 Apollo prophesied. For crotl- 
 na fr. xs^poorai (whence ^pcorl- 
 £«>) pp. of yjpm or p£pcy£a>, I 
 colour, dye. 
 
 Corusco, I brandish ; quiver, 
 vibrate ; flash, glitter, in refer- 
 ence to the vibration of light. 
 Fr. xopvg, a helmet. From its 
 vibrations. Whence xogvQaX% 9 
 xopvQaioXog, translated by Don- 
 negan " a warrior wearing a 
 helmet with a waving plume." 1 
 
 Corvus, a raven. A grapple- 
 iron, pointed like a raven's 
 beak. For x6pa%, corVax, (as 
 arVum, sylVa,) hence corvus. 
 Or from xopxxsiog, whence co- 
 racivus, corcivus, corvus. 
 
 Corybantes, priests of Cy- 
 bele. KopufiuvTsg. 
 
 Cory/us, a hazel. Forcellini, 
 Ainsworth, and Turton refer it 
 to Gr. xopvXog, which is how- 
 ever not in Stephens. Vossius 
 in his Changes of Letters has : 
 "A mutatur in O. Corulus ei 
 xaguAog. 
 
 Corymbus, a bunch or clus- 
 ter of ivy-berries, &c. Kopvpfiog. 
 
 CoryphcFUS, a leader, head of 
 a party. Kopv<p<x~iog. 
 
 Corytos, a quiver. roopvTog. 
 
 Cos, colis, a rock, large 
 
 1 Others derive corticis from corium 
 tego. As covering the skin or inner rind 
 of the tree. 
 
 a Al. from Kopvffaw, to butt with horns. 
 
 stone ; a grindstone, whetstone. 
 Cotis is for cautis, as Cauda, 
 Coda. Cos for cots, cotes. 
 
 Cosmeta,% slave who had the 
 care of the wardrobe. Kocrpj- 
 
 TYjC, XOVpYfTU. 
 
 Cosmianus,be\ongmglo a per- 
 fumer called Cosmos. Juvenal : 
 " Cosmi toto mergatur aheno." 
 
 Cossim, on both the hips. 
 For coxim fr. coxa. 
 
 Cossis, Cossus: See Appendix. 
 
 Costa, a rib ; a side. From 
 coaxata, coassata, planked to- 
 gether; whence cossata, costa. 
 The ribs are planked together. 
 ^f Al. for compost a, or cougesta. 
 The costa are composites and con- 
 gest a. % Al. from xv<TTr) fr. 
 xsxvvtou pf. pass, of xvod, whence 
 xutqc, capacity, hollow ? ness, ca- 
 vity. As vTxrbc, nOctis. ^f Lhuyd 
 notices the Armoric kostenJ 
 
 Costum, spikenard. KoaTog. 
 
 Cothurnus, a buskin. Kokgvog. 
 
 Cotoneum, Cotdnium malum, 
 a quince. Altered from cyto- 
 nium, cydonium, xvlwviov, from 
 Cydon, a city of Crete. 
 
 Cottdbus, the sound made 
 by lashing hides with a whip. 
 Fr. xoTrafSog, the sound made 
 by dashing wine into a cup. Or 
 
 XOTTCtfZog (fr. X07TTCO, IEo\. X0TT00,) 
 
 was also the same as cottabus. 
 
 Cottana, Cotdna, Cotona, 
 &c, a kind of small dry fig. 
 From the Hebr. caton, small. 
 Martial : " Parvaque vene- 
 runt cottana" And, " Si ma- 
 jora forent cottana, ficus erat." 
 Hesychius has xottuvoc. 
 
 3 Al. from consto, costo, to stand firm. 
 Al. from oara, bones. 
 
COT 
 
 CRE 
 
 105 
 
 Coturnix, a quail. Fr. cprvg, 
 ogrvyo;, whence opTvymg, transp. 
 yoTvpwog, yoTvpvo$, whence co- 
 turnix, like Cornix. ^f AL 
 from yopTv%, (in Hesychius ; 
 same as ogrv^,) whence yorvpt;, 
 coturx. Compare Spinturnix. 
 
 Cotyla, a vessel or measure. 
 KotuXy). 
 
 Cotytto, the Goddess of im- 
 pudence and debauchery. Ko- 
 Tvg and Kotuttw. li Kotys deia, 
 says Rudbeck, is with us the 
 goddess of love. He derives 
 the name from Goth, kota, to 
 be lascivious." Jamieson. 
 
 Covlnus, a warlike chariot or 
 car in use among the Britons. 
 Therefore a British word. Vos- 
 sius says : " Sane cowain hodie- 
 que Britannis est, in vehiculo 
 vehere." 
 
 Coxa, the joint of the hip. 
 For coaxa, fr. coago, coaxi, to 
 drive together, to join, ^f Al. 
 from coaxo, coasso, I plank to- 
 gether. 
 
 Coxendix, the huckle-bone. 
 Apparently from the same root 
 as coxa. 
 
 Crabro, a hornet. For cera- 
 bro, fr. xepug, a horn ; whence 
 we call it a Hornet. Bro, as 
 Brus in Crebrus, that is Creber, 
 and Brum in Cribruni, Cande- 
 labrum, ^f Or for cracibro fr. 
 craceo, used by Ennius in the 
 sense of graceo, whence gracilis, 
 slender, slender-waisted. 
 
 Craceo, See Crabro and 
 Gracilis. 
 
 Crambe, a kind of colewort. 
 
 Crapula, a surfeit. Kguivtz- 
 Kyj. As <TTpoiyyA\w f strangUlo. 
 Etym. 
 
 Cras, tomorrow. Fr. xgxaig, 
 a mixing, coalescing. Some- 
 what as iyffes is " yesterday," 
 from 'iybrp a. 1. p. of 'i^oo ; so 
 as to express a holding or join- 
 ing on with the day present. 
 ^f Al. from xogu;, i. e. xara xo- 
 pctg, " ob oculos." 
 
 Crassus, fat, gross, thick, 
 coarse, big. Fr. ngug, x (as KpYi<r- 
 <ru from Kprjs) Doric for xg^g 
 from xgexg, flesh. " A multa 
 carne." V. If Al. from Germ. 
 gross, gross. 
 
 Crastinus* of tomorrow. Fr. 
 cras. As Diu, Diutinus. 
 
 Crater, Crater a, a bowl, 
 goblet, basin ; the basin or hol- 
 low on the top of iEtna. KpoL- 
 TYtg. 
 
 Crates, a hurdle. Fr. the 
 Germ, krtet, a wicker basket. 
 Compare our crate, grate, gra- 
 ting, ^f Or, if the German is 
 from the Latin, crates is (" baud 
 dubie," says Wachter) fr. xpot- 
 tsco, xga.700, to hold firmly. " A 
 xpctTsoo, teneo, vincio, apprehen- 
 do," says Dacier. From its 
 wattled nature. But the A in 
 xpaTw is short, ^f Al. from xixpa- 
 tui, pp. of xpotoo for xspaca, I mix ; 
 as made of twigs intermixed or 
 blended with one another, i. e. 
 wattled. 
 
 Creber, thick, close, frequent. 
 For creviber (as Crementum for 
 Crevimentum, Nomen for No- 
 vimen) fr. cresco, crevi, which 
 is said of things becoming 
 thicker or more numerous. Ci- 
 cero : " Mihi absent! creverunt 
 amici." Ber, as in Celeber ; 
 
 1 Donnegan has the word. 
 
106 
 
 CRE- 
 
 CRE 
 
 Facio, Faciber, Faber; Mul- 
 ceo, Mulciber. Compare also 
 brum in crebrum with Cribrum, 
 Candelabrum, Cerebrum. 
 
 Credo, I lend or trust money 
 to ; entrust or consign to one's 
 care ; I trust another's asser- 
 tions, &c. Fr. XP$"> f ut - %" °f 
 XPV&> same as %g«co, I give as 
 a loan, lend. 
 
 Credulus, easy of belief. Qui 
 facile credit. 
 
 Crementum, an increase» For 
 crevimentum fr. cresco, crevi, as 
 Novi, Novimen, Nomen. 
 
 Cremia, dry sticks for burning. 
 Fr. crerno. 
 
 Cremo : See Appendix. 
 
 Cremor, thick juice. From 
 xexpipou, xglpoti, pp. of xgivco, to 
 sever. H Proprie est pingue illud 
 quod a lacte secernituk." 
 F. ^f Al. from the north. Germ. 
 kreima,* Engl, cream. 
 
 Crena, 
 
 Creo, I make, create, form. 
 Fr. xs)g t the hand, gen. xepo S , 
 whence a word x s P*°°> X%* w > 
 creo, I form or model with the 
 hand, "tracto manu." Cereo (the 
 same as creo) is mentioned by 
 Varro. % Al. from xpuw, whence 
 xpaivco, (as fiotlvco from fZoico,) I 
 effect, complete, ^f Al. from 
 xspocoo, xgotca, 1 mix. That is, I 
 bring into being, by properly 
 mixing the constituent parts. 2 
 
 Creperus, uncertain, doubtful. 
 From xvtyas, obscurity ; changed 
 to crephas to suit the ear, (Com- 
 
 11 Todd's Johnron in Cream. 
 
 2 Al. from KTtfi», of the same meaning 
 as creo; fut. ktio-w, ktlSj, whence crio, 
 (somewhat as from KNe'^asiscReperus,) 
 treo. 
 
 pare Crisso and Groma) and to* 
 crepas by dropping the aspirate, 
 
 Crtpida, a slipper, sandal ; 
 shoe. Fr. xgqiri?, gen. xgij^nSoj. 
 % Al. from crepo. From the 
 noise of slippers. 
 
 Crepido, the foundation or 
 ground of a pillar. Kp^s, Ihg. 
 
 Crtptdo, the edge or brink of 
 a bank, the brow of a rock ; a 
 rock. Fr. x§yiir)$, Ihg, which 
 Donnegan translates (inter alia) 
 " the bank of a river." 3 On the 
 words of Festus, " Crepidines, 
 saxa prominentia," Dacier re- 
 marks : " Propria, basis saxo- 
 rum." Referring to xpi^vtg, a 
 base. If Or from crepo, as from 
 Libet is Libido. Against which 
 the waves (crepant) rattle as 
 they beat. " Littus ab undis 
 verberatum fragorem edit." W. 
 
 Crepitaculum, a child's rattle. 
 Fr. crepo, crepitum, crepito. 
 
 Crepo, I make a noise, rattle, 
 clatter, &c. Fr. xgexca, I beat, 
 knock. 4- P from K, as XvKo$, lu- 
 Pus. 
 
 Crepundia, children's play- 
 things, as bells, rattles, &c. Fr. 
 crepo. See Crepitaculum. 
 
 Crepusculum, the twilight. Fr. 
 xvetyctg, twilight. See Creperus. 
 
 Cresco, I increase. For eras- 
 sesco or crudesco. 
 
 Cressa, a Cretan woman. 
 KpY)<r<ru. 
 
 Creta, chalk. u From the 
 island of Crete ; either because 
 
 3 " Kp7j7ris dicitur etiamrb TrepiOe/xa tuu 
 £yX^ r(av irhaKovpTwv, ut docet Hesychius. 
 Qui'bus verhis videtur significare margi- 
 nem illarum placentarum." Steph. 
 
 4 " Bor]u TTTepoicn Kpheiv, To produce a 
 noise by striking with the wings." Dn. 
 
€RE- 
 
 CRU 
 
 107 
 
 the best chalk came from it, or 
 from places near it, chiefly from 
 Cimolus [whence Cimolia Terra 
 is chalk] ; or because, wherever 
 it came from, it was imported by 
 the Cretan merchants, which was 
 a sufficient reason for this name 
 to be given to it." F. Compare 
 Eretria. 
 
 Cretio, the formality of enter- 
 ing on an inheritance. Actus 
 cernendi haereditatem. Fr. cerno, 
 cretum. 
 
 Crttura, the sittings of corn. 
 Fr. cerno, cretum. 
 
 Cretus, born, sprung. <e From 
 creatus by syncope, if we consi- 
 der the meaning ; from cresco, cre- 
 tum, if we consider analogy." F. 
 
 Crtbrum, a sieve. For cer- 
 nibrum or crevibrum fr. cerno, 
 crevi, to sift. As Brum is added 
 in Cerebrum, Candelabrum, ^f 
 Or for crinibrum fr. xpivco, to 
 sift. Compare Crinis, Crimen, 
 Discrimen. ^[ " From Hebr. 
 crib." Tt. 
 
 Crimen, a charge, accusation, 
 arraignment; the fault or crime, 
 the subject of the charge. Fr. 
 xplpa, condemnation, fl Al. for 
 crinimen fr. xgivoo. 
 
 Crimmor, I accuse. Fr. cri- 
 men, inis. 
 
 Crinis, the hair. Fr. xglvoo, 
 to separate. Properly said of the 
 hair divided into locks and tresses. 
 "Proprie notat pilos discri- 
 
 M1NATOS." V. 
 
 Crispus, curled, wreathed, 
 waved. Tooke : " From the 
 Anglo-Saxon cirspan, [transp. 
 crispaii], to curl, wreathe ; 
 whence Engl, crisp." 1 
 
 1 «' Kraus, (Germ.) crispus, tortus. 
 
 CrissOf libidinos& lumbis 
 et femoribus fluctuo; propria 
 mulierum, ut Ceveo virorum. 
 " Omnino a xvlty, quod inter 
 alia notat, libidine prurio." V. 
 Kvl&, fut. Mi<ra) 9 unde cnisso, et 
 euphoniae gratis crisso. Seu a 
 xvlfa, xviardco, xv/So-co, xvlvew. If 
 Aut a xiv6<r(roo, moveo ; unde 
 xv6(T(tcjo, cnysso, cnisso, crisso. 
 
 Crista, the tuft or plume on 
 the head of a bird ; the crest or 
 plume on the top of a helmet. 
 For crysta, (as Sylva, Silva,) 
 from xopua-TY), (xguora), lifted 
 up, raised, ^f Al. from xopvg, a 
 helmet with a horse-hair crest; 
 whence xop6<r<rcv, I arm with the 
 xogvc' pp. xsxoguorTGti, whence 
 xopva-rvj, xpv<TT>}. ^f Todd notices 
 Sax. crista. 
 
 Criticus, a critic, KgtTixog. 
 
 Crobylus, a knot of hair on 
 the forehead. Kpw^vXog. 
 
 Crocio, I croak like a raven. 
 Fr. xpw%w, pf. xsxgui^u, xpu>x<x. 
 ^ Al. from x6pot%, xopaxo$, (xpo- 
 xo$), the raven, ^f Al. from the 
 sound. 
 
 Crocodilus, a crocodile. Kpo- 
 xofai\o$. 
 
 Ci'ticota, a woman's garment 
 of a saffron color. Kgoxcarog ; or 
 xgoxwTYj. 
 
 Crocotta, a mongrel beast in 
 ./Ethiopia. Written by the Greek 
 writers xpoxoTrocg, xpoxovTTct$. 
 
 Crocum, Crocus, saffron. Kpo- 
 xov, xpoxog. 
 
 Crotaium,a. kettle-drum, cym- 
 bal. KporaXov. 
 
 Crucio, I torture, afflict, dis- 
 
 Carab. crych, Belg. kroes. Cogaata cum 
 Lat. crispus." W. 
 
103 
 
 CRU CRU 
 
 tress. From the tortures (cruris) 
 of the cross. 
 
 Crudelis, savage, cruel. 
 Fr. crudeo fr. crudus, as Fides, 
 Fidelis. So cu^og is not only 
 raw, but cruel. Compare Atrox. 
 Crudus, raw, fresh, new-made. 
 For cruidus fr. cruor, as Algor, 
 Algidus. Properly said of a 
 wound yet flowing with gore. 
 " Qui est adhuc in cruor e J* V. 
 Pliny has : " Crudum adhuc 
 vulnus medentium manus refor- 
 midat." 
 
 Cruentus, stained with blood ; 
 delighting in blood. Fr. cruor. 
 
 Ci'umeua, Crumlna, a lea- 
 thern bag, purse. For crubena 
 fr. xpvfiw rut. 2. of xpunroi, to 
 hide. Somewhat as Habeo, 
 Habena. Or fr. xzxpvppoti, 
 
 (xpupfLOLl,) pp. Of XgUKTOQ. ^f Al. 
 
 for cremena fr. xgspuoo, xgst^u), 
 to suspend. Defined by No- 
 nius, " Sacculus e brachio aut 
 
 Collo DEPEND ENS." 1 
 
 Cruor, blood from a wound, 
 gore. Fr. xpuog, iEol. xgvop, 
 ice, congelation. The Glossary 
 of Philoxenus explains cruor by 
 aipa Trsnyyos, congealed blood. 2, 
 
 Crupellarii or Cruppellarii, 
 soldiers armed cap-a-pie. As 
 some say, for crubetlarii fr. 
 xpvfiw, fut. 2. of xpuium, I hide ; 
 hence, cover over so that the 
 body is hidden and protected. 
 
 1 Al. from KsKpovfiai pp. of Kpovca, to 
 beat. As, being suspended from the 
 body, it beat against the body, as per- 
 sons moved. 
 
 2 " Grau, (Germ.) sanguis, praecipue 
 effusus. Vox antiquissima. Lat. cruor, 
 Cambr. crau, Sorabis krei, Bohemis 
 Urew." W. 
 
 ^f But it is probably a Gaulish 
 word. They belonged to the 
 Hedui, a people of Gaul : " Ad- 
 dunture Servitiis gladiaturae des- 
 tinati, quibus more gentico con- 
 tinuum ferri tegimen, (crupella- 
 rios vocant) inferendis ictibus 
 inhabiles, accipiendis impene- 
 trabiles." Tacitus. 
 
 Crus, cruris, the leg. Fr. 
 xpuog, (as Mors from Mop Oe,) ice, 
 congelation ; by the same meta- 
 phor by which crusta, a crust of ' 
 ice frozen, is used for a shell or 
 external coat with which any 
 thing is enveloped. So that 
 crus will mean properly the 
 shell of the leg. 51 -A.L from 
 <rxvgog, hard, indurated ; whence 
 o-xpvog, xpvog, as Fallo from 
 2<poL\Xw 9 then crus. Or <rxvpog, 
 trxvgg, cxpvg, xgug. 3 
 
 Crusma, a timbrel. Kgouo-pct. 
 
 Crusta, a crust of ice frozen ; 
 hence a shell or external coat by 
 which any body is enveloped. Fr. 
 xpvo-TY) whence xpvo-TotWog, ice. 
 
 Crustulum, a wafer. "Qu6d 
 in tenuem crust am percoctum." 
 F. 
 
 Crustum, a cake with a hard 
 (crusta) case, as a bun, simnel. 
 
 Crux, cruris, a cross, the in- 
 strument of punishment. From 
 fut. rpu%M, or fut. 2. rpu^So, of 
 rpu^co, I torment. Tsrogsg and 
 KsTopsg were the same. So Kei- 
 vog and Trivog. So from Tig was 
 Klg, whence Quis. Somewhat 
 similarly T is changed to P in 
 
 3 Al. from cr/ceAos, the leg ; whence 
 cr/cAeos, ctkAovs, kAoDs, (as 2$aAAco, Fal- 
 lo,) clus, then crus, as from yAd/j.a is pro- 
 bably gRamia, and as the later Greeks 
 changed fLagellum into (pPdyeXAov. 
 
CRY- 
 
 CUI 
 
 109 
 
 libra for liPra from KlTpct. 
 Compare also Trans. *[f Al. 
 from the northern languages. 
 Welsh croes, 1 Angl. cross, Germ. 
 creuz. The German however 
 Wachter seems to deduce from 
 the Latin. 
 
 Crypta, a vault, grotto. 
 
 KpU7TTYl. 
 
 Cryptoporticus, a close or 
 covered gallery. Fr. xpunrog, 
 hidden ; and portions, 
 
 Crystallum, Cry stall 'us , xpvv- 
 
 Cubiculum, a bed-chamber, 
 Fr. cubo. 
 
 Cubile, a couch. Fr. cubo. 
 So Bovile. 
 
 Cubital, a cushion to lean on. 
 That is, for the cubitus. Some 
 understand it of a foresleeve for 
 the arm from the {cubitus) elbow 
 downwards. 
 
 Cubitus, the arm below the 
 elbow ; the elbow ; the measure 
 from the elbow to the end of 
 the middle finger, a cubit. Ku- 
 
 /3*T0V. 
 
 Cubo, I lie down. Fr. xu/3<£ 
 fut. 2. of HU7rTw, I bend my 
 head ; i. e. downwards on a 
 couch. I incline myself on a 
 couch. 
 
 Cubus, a cube. Kvfiog. 
 
 Cucullus : See Appendix. 
 
 Cuculus, a cuckoo. Gr.xoxxvg, 
 vxoc, Germ, guguck, Dan. kuc- 
 kuck, Welsh cwccw. Perhaps 
 immediately from xoxxvxog, or 
 xoxvxog, whence cococulus, cocu- 
 ulus, coculus, cuculus. 
 
 Cuculus, a debaucher of 
 other men's wives. For the 
 
 1 Todd's Johnson in Cross. 
 
 cuckoo is said to suck the eggs 
 of other birds and lay her own 
 to be hatched in their place. 
 Cuculus is a term of reproach 
 in Horace, Sat. I, 7, SI, where 
 Dr. Francis remarks : '/ Many 
 wise reasons are given why this 
 bird should be a term of re- 
 proach, for such it is in almost 
 all languages. The best account 
 of it is that the cuckoo sleeps 
 half the year, and leaves the 
 care of his family to others." 2, 
 
 Cucurna, a vessel of brass, in 
 form like a (cucumis) cucumber. 
 
 Cucumis, a cucumber. Fr. 
 xexvpai, pp. of xuco, to swell, to 
 be tumid ; whence cumis, cucu- 
 mis. % Al. from <nxvos, whence 
 cicuis, cicumis, cucumis. Vos- 
 sius adduces Gr. xixvo$. 
 
 Cucurbita, a gourd. A 
 cupping-glass, from the form. 
 For cucurvita, reduplicated from 
 curvus, (as IloXvg, Tlo^oKvg, Po- 
 pulus) from its curved form. 
 Pers. corbos: Germ, kurbs. 
 
 Cudo, ere : See Appendix. 
 
 Cudo) a cap of raw-skin used 
 instead of a helmet. Fr. xuroc, 
 skin, hide. As a?Des from 
 ouTog. 5f Al.from xwdiov, a skin. 
 As <pflp, fUr. If Al. from 
 xwfaiu, or xudiig (in Hesychius), 
 a head. As fitted for the head. 
 
 Cui, to whom. From qui, 
 gen. quiius or quius, cujus, dat. 
 quii, cui. % Or, (as cui was 
 anciently quoi,) qui may have 
 
 2 Pliny: "Cuculiim: Exprobratio foe- 
 da putantium rites per imitationem can- 
 t&s alitis temporariae, quam cuculum vo- 
 cant; dedecus enirn habetur opprobri- 
 umque merito falcem ab ill& volucre in 
 vite depreherjdi." 
 
no 
 
 CUJ 
 
 CUL 
 
 made in the dative quoi, from 
 Gr. \oyfi h i. e. Xoyfll. Valpy 
 states that Domino was ancient- 
 ly Dominoi. ^] Al. from cois, 
 dat. com: See Cujus. Or from 
 xw i. e. xoSi, quoi, 
 
 Cujas, of what country. Fr. 
 cujus. As from Noster, Nos- 
 tra, is Nostras. 
 
 Cujus, of whom, of what. 
 For cuius, quius or quiius, from 
 qui, quis, as from llle is lllius. 
 5T Or, as cujus was anciently 
 written quoius or quojus, from 
 an ancient nominative quos, 
 whence quoius, quojus. ^f If 
 quis is from xoio$, whence xoi$, 
 quis ; — then from cois we should 
 have coiius, quoius, quojus. ^f 
 Jamieson notices Mceso-Goth. 
 quhis, 
 
 Culcita, the tick of a bed, 
 mattress, cushion, pillow. Fr. 
 calco, as Lubricus from Labor. 
 As made up of wool, feathers, 
 &c. trodden down hard. Some- 
 what as a-T»/3«£ fr. (TTsifioo, hri- 
 /3oi/. 
 
 Culeus, a sack or bag ; a 
 liquid measure. Fr. xovXeos, as 
 [aOT<tci, mUsa. 
 
 Culex, wis, a gnat. For cu- 
 tilex, cutilicis, fr. cutis and lacio, 
 whence lacesso. As fretting the 
 skin. 
 
 Culigna, a bowl. KuAr^v>j. 
 
 Culiua, a kitchen, place 
 where meat is dressed. For 
 colina fr. xokov, food. Where 
 food is prepared. ^[ Al. for 
 coculina, coqulina, fr. coquo. 
 A place for cooking, ^f Al. 
 from colo. " Qudd ibi cole- 
 bant ignem," says Varro. Or, 
 quod ibi colebant (i. e. at- 
 
 tended to, were busy about) 
 cibos. 
 
 Culmen, the roof of a house, 
 as covered (culmis) with reeds. 
 Sidonius : ts Et casa cuiculmo 
 culmina tecta forent." Also, 
 the top or ridge of a house ; 
 the summit of anything. 
 
 Culmus, a stalk of corn. For 
 calmus fr. xaA«/xo$ or xenXotpr}. 
 As MccXodcqco, Mulceo. It would 
 seem that xuXapos and pctXcixbs 
 were changed to xo\opo$ and po- 
 Xoxbg (as we find both ^oXo^yj and 
 ftaXaxr)), whence Colmus and 
 Molceo, Culmus and Mulceo. 
 
 Culpa, a fault, offence; blame. 
 Fr. ttXoxy}, entanglement ; i. e. 
 in error. As u^Kuxica, to err, 
 is not ill derived fr. a. or ava and 
 kXsxu), a. 2. e7rkxxov, Fr. ttKoxy}, 
 vrhoxa,, transp. xKondt, (as Mop<poi, 
 Forma,) xoXitot, will be colpa, 
 culpa. Or thus : t:\oxol, %oXxot, 
 xoXna, culpa. % Al. from xXonv}, 
 explained by Donnegan, " theft 
 — an action performed by 
 stealth. " Hence xoXwyj, colpa, 
 culpa. " Fraus," guile, dis- 
 honesty, is explained generally 
 by Forcellini as "a fault, of- 
 fence, trespass, crime." ^f Al. 
 from the oriental chalaph, calph, 
 to pass beyond, transgress. 
 
 Cultello, I cut even or reduce 
 to a level by measuring with a 
 plumb-line, and cutting off the 
 higher parts (cultello) with a 
 knife. " Cultri enim nomine 
 intelligitur vomer, qui rectus 
 terram in arando secat." F. 
 
 Culter, a knife. Properly, 
 a pruning knife. Fr. colo, cul- 
 tum, to prune. 5F Al. from 
 xoXovco, to mutilate ; pf. xexo- 
 
CUL- 
 
 CUN 
 
 HI 
 
 Xovrcti, xsxoKrai, whence colter, 
 culter. If Al. from xsWco, to 
 drive; pp. xsxo\toh. For culter 
 is used of the coulter of a plough. 
 Hence some derive culter fr. 
 colo, cultum, i. e. colo terram. 
 
 Cultum, supine of colo. For 
 colitum, coltum. 
 
 Culullus, a pot, jug. Fr. 
 xuA*£, xv\ixo$, a cup ; whence 
 culiculus, culiclus, culillus, cu- 
 lullus. 1 
 
 Cuius, the fundament. Fr. 
 xooXyj, the haunch or hind-quarter 
 of an animal. So from <pflpo$ 
 is fUris. 
 
 Cum, when. For quum, 
 quom. That is, Secundum or 
 In quom diem. Somewhat as 
 ots is for 6'jTs, cots, i. e. x^ovcjo. 
 ^f Al. from xai ov, i. e. xou ov 
 xara xpovov. See Turn. 
 
 Cum . . . turn . . ., both . . . 
 and . . . Thus, " Cttm amavit 
 me, turn auxit beneficiis," When 
 he did the one, at the same 
 time he did the other. He did 
 both the one and the other at the 
 same time. 
 
 Cum, with. For com, as in 
 Commendo, Committo. Fr. 
 6/x,ou, together with ; whence o/x,, 
 com, as Ceterus from erepos, % 
 Al. from ciii/, whence sum, as in 
 libruM from AoyoN ; then cum. 
 
 Cum in composition increases 
 the force of the simple verb, as 
 in Comprobo, Collaudo. If 
 one thing is put (cum) with ano- 
 ther, that other thing is increased. 
 
 Cumera, a corn-basket, meal- 
 tub. Fr. xkyu\LOLi pp. of %uco, 
 to pour, or to heap up. Era, 
 
 1 Al. from cideus, a bag. 
 
 as in Arcera, Patera, *[f Or fr. 
 xsyoopcti pp. of %oa>, I heap up. 
 As from ^hpog is Humerus. 
 Cuminum, the herb cummin. 
 
 KV[MV0V. 
 
 Cumulus, a heap. Fr. cu- 
 mus fr. xkyupau pp. of •/}}<», 
 same as yew, ypw, to heap up. 
 If Or fr. %w/xa, a mound. As 
 from *flpo$ is Humerus, ^f Or 
 fr. xsxvpxi pp. of xvu), to swell. 1 
 
 Cunabula, a cradle in which 
 new-born iufants are wrapped 
 up. Some understand it of 
 baby linen. Fr. cuna. As 
 Venor, Venabula. 
 
 Cun&, a cradle. Fr. xoim)? 
 dirty, (as from IToivjj is Punio,) 
 or fr. cunio, I dirty. Facciolati : 
 " Cuna, in qua pueruli cuni- 
 unt" % Al. from xvo$, as be- 
 longing to infants. But xvog is 
 not an infant, but a fetus. 
 
 Cuncti, all together, the 
 whole. Fr. conjuncti, cojuncti, 
 council. 
 
 Cunctor : See Appendix. 
 
 Cuneus, a wedge. Haigh : 
 " Fr. xwvo;, a cone, anything 
 ending in a point," Eus, as in 
 Alveus, Ferreus. £1 into u, as 
 fyflpog, fiiris. 
 
 Cuniculus, a rabbit. Kovvi* 
 xXof, 3 xvvixXos. 4 - Hence a mine, 
 from the burrowing of a rabbit. 
 Martial : <s Gaudet in effossis 
 habitare cuniculus antris : Mon- 
 stravit tacitas hostibus ille vias." 
 
 Curiila, savory. KovlXr}. 
 
 Cunio, I make (ccenum) 
 dung. As pGEna, pUnio. 
 
 2 Al. from cum, together with. 
 
 3 Mentioned by iElian and Athen^us» 
 
 4 Mentioned by Polybius. 
 
112 
 
 CUP- 
 
 CUR 
 
 Cupa, the same as copa, cau- 
 pa. 
 
 Cupa, cuppa, a large cask, 
 butt, vat. Fr. xuwij, a hollow ; 
 whence xvnsWov, a bowl. Todd : 
 " Cupp, Sax. Cup, Welsh. 
 Kop, Dutch. Kupp, Iceland. 
 Kub and Kubba, Pers. Kw/3/3a, 
 Greek, in Hesychius." KvjSyj 
 in Greek is a head from its 
 roundness, to which cupa is 
 allied. 
 
 Cupedia, nice dishes, delicate 
 victuals. From cupa, copa, 
 caupa. As being sold at tav- 
 erns, &c. % Al. from cupedo, 
 strong desire, greediness. 
 
 Cupedo or Cuppedo, strong 
 desire. Fr. cupere, somewhat 
 as from Torpere is Torpedo. 
 Lucretius seems to double the 
 P, to make the U long. 
 
 Cupella, a kind of cup. Fr. 
 xunsWov. Or fr. cupa. 
 
 Cupldo, desire. Fr. cupio. 
 As Lubet, Lubido. 
 
 Cupio, I desire. Fr. xunTco or 
 xu7rw, or fr. xv(3w fut. 2. of xvir- 
 tco, I incline myself forwards. 
 As we say, To be inclined to a 
 thing, and as we speak" of one's 
 Inclination. 
 
 Cupressus, a cypress. Kwna.- 
 
 pKT(T0g. 
 
 Cuprum, a kind of copper. 
 For cyprum, as coming from 
 Cyprus. Whence it is called 
 JEs Cyprium. 
 
 Cur, why ? For quare, quar\ 
 gur, cur, as perQUAtio, per- 
 CUtio. 51 Or for cut rei. 
 
 Cura, care, anxiety, sorrow ; 
 thought, attention, study. Fr. 
 euro, and this from xovgeco, xovpob 
 for xopsco, xopu>, I take care of. 
 
 ^f Al. from xovpity, which Don- 
 negan explains, " to rear or 
 bring up boys, — to take care of, 
 to cherish." % Haigh : " From 
 xvpoc, authority, command." 
 ^f Al. from the Gothic kar, 
 kara, Saxon car, care, Armoric 
 cur. 1 
 
 Curculio and Gurgulio : See 
 Appendix. 
 
 Curetes, certain Cretan 
 priests. Rupees. 
 
 Curia, a place where the Sen- 
 ate bestowed its (cura??}) atten- 
 tion to the state, sat and con- 
 suited, ^f Or curia is fr. xou- 
 pi^co, to take care of; fut. xovpiaco^ 
 xovpioo. 
 
 Curia. Romulus divided the 
 people into three tribes, and 
 each tribe into ten curies, ; 
 which curia met together at the 
 Curiata Comitia to bestow their 
 (curam) attention to public 
 affairs, and to pass laws which 
 were called Leges Curiatas. 
 Some suppose that curia was 
 properly a hall or moot-house 
 which belonged to every one of 
 these divisions. Butcwna seems 
 to denote properly rather the 
 divisions of the people than 
 places where they met. % 
 Vossius supposes that these 
 curia were called from the curia 
 or chapels where the priests 
 bestowed their {curam) atten- 
 tion to sacred things; and from 
 priests being appointed to all 
 of these curia?. 
 
 1 Al. from Krjpdu), Krjpw, whence ta]pai- 
 v<a, I have care, anxiety after. But why 
 u for e ? f Al. from &pa, care. As 
 Caula from Av\d. 
 
CUR- 
 
 — cus 
 
 113 
 
 Curio, he who performed 
 sacred rites in a curia or tem- 
 ple. Also, lean, meagre. That 
 is, wasted (curd) with pining. 
 
 Curio, a crier, 
 
 Curiosus, one who is careful 
 or too careful and minute. Qui 
 multam seu nimiam adhibet 
 cur am. 
 
 Curo, I take care of. See 
 Cura. 
 
 Curriculum, a small (currus) 
 chariot. A chariot race. 
 
 Curro: See Appendix. 
 
 Curruca, 
 
 Currus, a chariot, car. Fr. 
 currc. Adam : ft The vehicles 
 used in races were called currus, 
 (a currendo) from their velocity, 
 having only two wheels, by 
 whatever number of horses they 
 were drawn." % Al. from the 
 North. See Carrus. 
 
 Curtus, curtailed, shortened, 
 mutilated. For cortus fr. xe- 
 xoprai pp. of xelpcio, to clip. 
 That is, from a word xopTo$, 
 clipped, % Al. for crutus, (as 
 Certus for Cretus,) fr. xexgouTxi 
 pp. of xpovco, to batter. If "An- 
 glo-Sax. scyrt, sceort, Engl. 
 short, Belg. kort, Lat. curtus." 
 W. ' 
 
 Curulis, belonging to a cha- 
 riot. For currulis fr. currus, as 
 Mamilla from Mamma, Farina 
 from Farris. " Juno curulis, 
 i. e. qua? curru per aera fertur. 
 Curuies triumphi, i. e. in qui- 
 bus triumphator curru Urbem 
 invehitur ; in ovationibus equo 
 utebantur aut pedibus. Cu- 
 ruies ludi, i. e. circenses, in qui- 
 bus currus maxime agitaban- 
 tur." F. The Sella Curulis, 
 Etym. 
 
 says Gellius, was a chair of 
 state, placed in a chariot, in 
 which the head officers of Rome 
 were carried into council. 
 Whence the term " Curulis 
 magistratus" is supposed to ori- 
 ginate. " But however right," 
 says Forcellini, " Gellius is in 
 the derivation, (though some 
 derive it from the Cures, 1 a town 
 of the Sabines,) in the fact he 
 seems to be mistaken. For 
 Pliny (vii. 43) relates that the 
 Roman people granted to L. 
 Metellus, a man who had filled 
 the highest offices of state and 
 was now old and blind, what 
 they never granted to any one 
 from the building of Rome, that, 
 as often as he went to the 
 Senate, he should be carried 
 (curru) in a chariot." However 
 this may be reconciled, Festus 
 writes : " Curuies equi, quadri- 
 gales. Curuies magistratus ap- 
 pellati sunt, quia curru vehe- 
 bantur." 
 
 Curvus, curved, crooked. Fr. 
 yupo$, whence gurivus, gurvus 
 (as arVum, sylVa), cur- 
 vus. % Al. from xvproc, iEol. 
 xvptths, whence curvus. Com- 
 pare Clivus. 
 
 Cuspis, the point of a weapon. 
 Fr. cusum. " For the end of 
 a spear (cuditur) is beaten so as 
 to end in a point. As Caesum, 
 Caespes; so Cusum, Cuspis." 
 V. fl Or, under the same no- 
 tion, ir. xexofyixi pp. of xo'tttw, I 
 
 1 " Obstat quod Florus et alii dicuut, 
 Tarquinium Priscum, ut alia imperii de- 
 cora insigniaque, ita et sellas curuies ab 
 Hetruscis sumsisse, non a Curibus." V. 
 
114 
 
 cus- 
 
 DAM 
 
 beat ; whence xo^/ig, copsis, cos- 
 pis, cuspis. % 6i From Chald. 
 caspa, a shell or bone, with 
 which spears were formerly 
 pointed," Tt. 
 
 Custodio, I guard. Fr. custos, 
 custodis. 
 
 Custos, a guard, keeper. Fr. 
 custo, cumsto, or for costos fr. 
 costo, consto, I stand with or by 
 another to defend or watch him. 
 So Assisto is to help, and wa- 
 pivTctpctA is to defend. 1 
 
 Cutis, the skin. Fr. xuto; 
 which is used as well as <tkvtqs 
 or (TKurog, whence some derive 
 cutis, as XtpuXka), Fallo. 
 
 Cydneus, of a bright blue 
 color. Kvuvsog. 
 
 Cy at hits, a cup, goblet; 
 liquid measure. KvaQog. 
 
 Cybea, a merchant-vessel. 
 Fr. xuhtj, (in Hesychius) a kind 
 of ship. % Or fr. xy/3>j, whence 
 xu/jt/3>3, cymba, a boat. 
 
 Cybebe, Cybele. Ku(3yj(Syj. 
 
 Cybele, Cybele. Ku^sKy. 
 
 Cybium, a square piece of 
 salted tunny fish. Kvfiiov. 
 
 Cyclas, a robe worn by wo- 
 men, of a round form. KvxXocg. 
 
 CycUcus, one who writes of 
 nothing but antiquated stories, 
 as the rape of Helen, &c. Ku- 
 
 Cyclops, a Cyclops. A'JxAanf/. 
 
 Cycnus, Cijgnus, a swan. 
 Kuxvo$. 
 
 Cydonia mala, quinces. From 
 the city of Cydon. 
 
 Cyguus. See Cycnus. 
 
 Cylindrus, a cylinder, roller ; 
 
 ' Al. from KvjSeo-T')??, used like KrjBefxwv, 
 protector. Hence K-qearr}S or Ki\ar-r\s. 
 
 a gem of a cylindrical form. 
 KuXivdgog. 
 
 Cyrna, a young shoot of cab- 
 bage. Fr. xufjiu, which is used 
 in this sense. 
 
 Cymatilis, of a cerulean 
 color. That is, of the color 
 (xvpoLToov) of the waves. " Hie 
 un das imitatur, habet quoque 
 nomen ab undis," says Ovid. 
 
 Cymba, a pinnace, skiff. 
 
 Cymbium, 2l cup resembling 
 a boat. Kvpfiiov. 
 
 Cyuicus, like a dog, snarling, 
 churlish. Kvvixbg. Hence Cy- 
 nici, the Cynics, Kvvixoi. 
 
 Cyniphes. See Cinifes. 
 
 Cynosura, the Lesser Bear. 
 Kvvocrovpu. 
 
 Cyparissus, a cypress. Kv- 
 7rapi(r<Tos. 
 
 Cyperos, the herb galingale. 
 Kuneipog. 
 
 Cyprus, the herb privet. Kd- 
 7rpog. 
 
 CytMrta, Venus. Ovid has 
 H Veneri sacra Cythera." 
 
 Cytisus, the shrub trefoil. 
 K6tkto$. 
 
 D. 
 
 Dactylus, a date, the fruit of 
 the palm. Also, a dactyl. J«x- 
 
 Tukog. 
 
 Daddlus, skilfully wrought; 
 skilful. AutiuXog. 
 
 Dcsmon, a good or evil genius. 
 
 Dalmatica vestis, a kind of 
 garment with sleeves. As first 
 woven in Dalmatia. 
 
 Dctma, a doe. Fr. faly,a, fear, 
 as xXadpov is a dialectic. form of 
 
DAM- 
 
 DEB 
 
 115 
 
 xXslQpov. Horace: "Pavid^ 
 natarunt iEquore darna." ^f 
 Some write damma fr. xsppoLs, 
 Mo\. Tsppcis, whence demma, 
 damma. 1 
 
 Ddmascena pruna, damsons. 
 As coming from Damascus, 
 
 Damno, 1 condemn ; give 
 over to another by judgment, 
 bind over. Fr. damnum. 
 
 Damnum, damage, hurt, loss ; 
 loss of goods or life by judgment 
 or condemnation. Fr. dunotvov, 
 cost, expense, waste ; whence 
 dapnum, damnum, as Supremus, 
 Supmus, Summus. Donnegan 
 translates 8a9rav>jT<xo^ by " rui- 
 nous." Forcellini thus explains 
 Dispendium : " Expense, cost, 
 charge, detriment, loss, damage." 
 If Al. for demntim fr. demo. 
 Dan, for Das?ie? 
 Ddnista, a usurer. Auvsktt^. 
 Daphne, a laurel. Ja<pvrj. 
 Daps, ddpis, a feast, banquet; 
 repast, meal, food. Dapis is for 
 dais fr. hou$, a feast ; as Aa«£, 
 laPis. 
 
 Dapsilis, sumptuous, liberal, 
 abundant. JarJ/iAi^. 
 
 Darddndrius, a forestaller 
 who buys up corn or other com- 
 modities to sell them dearer. So 
 called from Dardanus, a magi- 
 cian, mentioned by Pliny, Apu- 
 leius, &c. Columella : " Dar- 
 danice veniant artes." Turnebus 
 adds : " Quasi magicis artibus 
 
 1 " Dam-hirsch, caper alpinus, rupica- 
 pra. Lat. dama, Anglo-Sax. da, Angl. 
 doe, Suec. damhiort. Dam est a Scythica 
 thamb, arcus. Dicitur de rupicapra, quia 
 comua habet retrorsum curvata instar 
 arcus, non palmata aut digitata ut cer- 
 vus." W. 
 
 annonam in sua horrea conver- 
 tant et caritatem inducant ; eo- 
 rum instar qui in Legg. XII. 
 Tabb. fruges alienas excan- 
 tare dicuntur." 
 
 Daiius, a coin. Aapeio$, Ja- 
 peixog. 
 
 Ddtatim, by giving from one 
 to another, as in tossing a ball 
 from hand to hand. Fr. do, da- 
 turn. 
 
 Dattvus casus, ihe dative case. 
 That case which is put after 
 words signifying that we give to 
 any one. FY. do, datum. 
 
 De, from. Properly, at a dis- 
 tance from, separately from. 
 It is from h- — , as in Sj'/'cmjjou, I 
 place apart from ; foogl^oo, 1 se- 
 parate one from another, ^f Al. 
 from doiioo, (d&o) 1 sever, ^f Al. 
 from — Qs, (as 6eoc, Deus,) in ou- 
 pctvdQs, from heaven. 
 
 De — , as in Deamo, signifies 
 very much. It seems here to 
 mean " out," as we say To fight 
 it out, &c; and as Ex in Ex- 
 pugno. So De in Debello is to 
 finish a war. Or de is here fo, 
 i. e. Sia, thoroughly. 
 
 Dea, a goddess. Fr. flea. So 
 Daughter is allied toOuyotTYip, i. e. 
 SoLvyTYip. And Deer to Ofy. And 
 Door to Oupoi. So we have mur- 
 THer and niurDer, burTHen 
 and burDen. So our THank is 
 German Dank. 
 
 Debeo, I owe, am in debt. 
 For dehabeo, as Debilis for De- 
 habilis. De deprives : Non aut 
 miniis habeo. See Debiiis. ^f 
 Al. for de aliis habeo, de re aliena\ 
 habeo, 1 hold what is another's. 
 Somewhat as ^qoco^cti, to use, 
 is also to borrow. Phadrus: 
 
116 
 
 DEB- 
 
 DEC 
 
 " Reddidi quicquid debui," i. e. 
 de alieno habui, or de alio habui. 
 
 Debilis, feeble, infirm. Fr. de 
 and habilis, capable of or fit for 
 doing anything, as in Ovid : 
 u . iEtas bello habilis." De ex- 
 presses privation, as in Defectus. 
 It expresses taking (de) from. 
 
 Decanus, one who had the 
 charge of (decern) ten men, so 
 as to be himself the eleventh. 
 
 Decas, the sum of ten. Jsxa§. 
 
 Decern, ten. Fr. Uxu, as 
 'Emu, Septa, Septem. 
 
 December, the tenth month 
 from March. Fr. decern. As 
 Septem, September. Ber, as in 
 Faber, Mulciber. 
 
 Deceris, a ship with ten banks 
 of oars, JsxYjpYig. 
 
 Decermina, refuse. Fr. cerno, 
 1 sever : whence cernimen, cer~ 
 men. Compare Excrementum. 
 
 Decet, it is behoving, meet, 
 right, proper. Fr. Usi, as rireos, 
 speCus. 
 
 DecldOy I determine, decide. 
 That is, I cut off the causes of 
 dissension. Some understand it 
 of cutting off something on each 
 side from the parties at issue. 
 
 Decies, ten times. Fr. decern 
 or 8sxg. 
 
 Decimanus, one of the (de- 
 cimce) tenth legion. A gatherer 
 of the tenth or tithe. 
 
 Decimanus, Decumanus, the 
 biggest. Ovid : " Qui venit hie 
 fluctus, fluctus supereminet om- 
 nes : Posterior nono est undeci- 
 moque prior." The Greeks 
 called every third wave the 
 greatest ; whence they said me- 
 taphorically Tgixvplct xouctvv for 
 the greatest evil. Some suppose 
 
 decimanus so called from the 
 number ten being thought sacred 
 by the Pythagoreans. 
 
 Decimanus, of a viler or worse 
 sort. " For, what was collected 
 (decimando) in tithing, was of a 
 worse kind than that which re- 
 mained." V. The genuineness of 
 the reading is doubted. 1 
 
 Decimana porta, the gate in a 
 camp nearest to an enemy. As 
 being the biggest. See above. If 
 Or as being guarded by the 
 troops (decima legionis) of the 
 tenth legion. 
 
 Decimanus limes. Adam : 
 "Vineyards, as fields, were di- 
 vided by cross-paths, called Li- 
 mites. The breadth of them was 
 determined by law. A path 
 from east to west was called de- 
 cumanuslimes, from the measure 
 denum [i. e. deceni] actuum, of 
 ten furrows." 
 
 Decimo, I take every (deci- 
 mum) tenth man for punish- 
 ment. 
 
 Decimus, tenth. Fr. decern, 
 as Septem, Septimus. 
 
 Decipio, I deceive. Fr. capio, 
 to take, to take unawares. John- 
 son explains To take (inter 
 alia) "to catch by surprise or 
 artifice — to entrap, to catch in a 
 snare." De means thoroughly. 
 Or decipio is to seize and lead 
 (de) from the straight path. 
 
 Decipula, a snare, gin. Fr. 
 decipio. So Muscipula. 
 
 Declaro, I show clearly, say 
 expressly. Fr. clarus. 
 
 Decoctor, a spendthrift. Fr. 
 
 1 "Si modo sana est lectio," says For- 
 cellini. 
 
DEC- 
 
 DEG 
 
 117 
 
 decoquo, decoctum. From the 
 notion of boiling things down, 
 boiling away. 
 
 Decor, comeliness. Fr. decet. 
 
 Decora, I adorn, deck. Fr. 
 decus, decoris. 
 
 Decrepitus, very old, as De- 
 crepita anus, Decrepita aetas. 
 Fr. decrepo, decrepitum. Dacier : 
 *' A metaphor taken from lamps 
 or candles which, as they are 
 finally going out, make a crack- 
 ling noise. As Desterto in 
 Persius is To snore for the last 
 time. Thus Decrepitus is ele- 
 gantly explained by the Glossary 
 ex7rs7rvevxco$, one who has made a 
 last puff or noise." As Pope : 
 " Gives one puff more and with 
 that puff expires." ^f " Nor is 
 it inelegantly deduced from fra- 
 gile things, which from their age, 
 if moved about, (crepant) make 
 a ringing noise. 7 ' V. 
 
 Decretum, a decree. Fr. de- 
 cerno, decretum. See Cerno, I 
 resolve. 1 
 
 Decuplus, tenfold. JsxctnXovs. 
 
 Decuria, ten of anything. 
 Also, a number, company, or 
 society of persons whether more 
 or less than ten. So a troop of 
 horse, amounting at first to ten 
 men. Fr. decern, as Centum, 
 Centuria. 
 
 Decurio, the commander of 
 ten horsemen in a Roman legion. 
 At first in a (turma) troop there 
 were three decuriones ; a troop 
 consisting of 30 horsemen; or 
 of 33, including the decuriones. 
 
 1 Wachter : " Cernere est dividere, se- 
 parare. Hinc decretum videri potest id, 
 quo confecto et definite Senatus surgit et 
 diecedit." That is, se separat. 
 
 Afterwards, though only one 
 person commanded a troop, he 
 was called decurio. The De- 
 curiones Municipales were sena- 
 tors in the colonies, supposed to 
 be so called from every tenth man 
 being chosen in the establishment 
 of a colony to superintend public 
 affairs : or perhaps, one man 
 out of ten alternately. 
 
 Decus, oris, a grace, ornament, 
 beauty. That which (decet) is 
 becoming. " Quod quamque 
 rem decet." F. 
 
 Decussis, a piece of money of 
 the value (decern assium) of ten 
 asses, marked with the letter X. 
 Also, the crossing of two lines 
 in the form of X. 
 
 Dedignor, I think not (dig- 
 num) worthy, I disdain. 
 
 Dedo, I give up. That is, 
 (Do) I give (de) away from my- 
 self. Or de is thoroughly. 
 
 Defect-us, failing, wanting. 
 Er. deficio, which see. 
 
 Defendo, I hit off, ward off, 
 repel ; protect, defend, by ward- 
 ing off. Fr.fendo, ihit; whence 
 Offendo. 
 
 Deficio, I fail ; am wanting. 
 Fr. facto. De expresses priva- 
 tion, as in Debilis, Defloreo, &c. 
 I have no power to act, I sink. 
 As uno in Greek cnreTtoo. 
 
 Defit, it is wanting. Compare 
 Deficio. 
 
 Deformo, I disfigure. De 
 deprives. See Deficio. 
 
 Defrutum, new wine boiled 
 down one-half with sweet herbs 
 and spices to make it keep. Fr. 
 deferveo, I boil off; supine de- 
 fervitum, deferuitum, defrutum. 
 
 Degenero, 1 degenerate. I 
 
118 
 
 DEG- 
 
 DEL 
 
 decline {de meo genere) from 
 my birth or race. 
 
 Dego, I lead, pass, or spend 
 my life. For de-ago, i. e. vitam, 
 aetatem, tempus. De is tho- 
 roughly, entirely, as in Deamo. 
 Dejero, 1 take a solemn oath. 
 Tr.juro, whence dejiiro, dejero. 
 So Pejero. 
 
 Dein, after that. For deinde, 
 from thence. 
 
 Deinceps y successively. That 
 is, one taken after this or that ; 
 fr. dein, capio. Cicero: " Pason 
 oritur a brevibus deinceps tribus, 
 extrema producta, ut Doniue- 
 rant." 
 
 Delecto, I allure, delight. Fr. 
 delicto, delectum from lacio. ^ 
 Al. from lac to. 
 
 Deleo, I blot out, efface, de- 
 stroy. Fr. ho, whence levi. Lino, 
 same as Leo, is used in the sense 
 of Deleo. Ovid : " Plurima 
 cerno, Me quoque qui feci 
 judice, digna lini." % Al, for 
 deoleo, from oleo, whence aboleo. 
 ^f Al. from lv\\ecio, I destroy. 1 
 
 Delibero, I weigh, consider, 
 deliberate. That is, I argue, 
 (liber) free to choose one thing 
 (cfe)out of two or more. Vossius: 
 " Where this liberty is not, there 
 there is no deliberation. ' Neque 
 enim quisquam/ as Cicero says, 
 c deliberat qua ratione perpetuo 
 victurus sit; quoniam intelligit, 
 sibi moriendi necessitatem in- 
 cumbered " Or delibero is " li- 
 berty evagor," I go over an argu- 
 ment freely and unreservedly. As 
 
 1 Wachter mentions the Celt, dilon, and 
 quotes Boxhorn. in Lex. Ant. Brit. : 
 " Dileu, delere, loco movere." 
 
 Pope: " Expatiate free o'er all 
 this scene of man." ^[ Or libera 
 is to free a question from its 
 perplexities, resolve it. ^[ Al. 
 from libro, I weigh. But this 
 would be delibro. 
 
 Delibro, I take off the (li- 
 brum) bark, peel. 
 
 Deltbuo, I anoint, besmear, 
 whence delibutus. For delipuo 
 fr. \foo S , oil. ^ Or fr. Ai/3<5 fut. 
 2. of XelfZco, I shed, distil. 
 
 Delicatus, dainty, luxurious, 
 effeminate, neat, elegant. Fr. 
 delico, avi, fr. de-lacio f (as 
 Ante-capio, Anticipo, avi ; Mel- 
 li-facio, Mellifico, avi ; De-spe- 
 cio, Despico, avi,) whence 
 delicio, delicia, delecto. % Al. 
 for deliquatus, clarified, refined. 
 Or, dissolved, made lax or loose, 
 which agrees with the sense of 
 effeminate. Cicero : " Quos 
 nullaa futiles Isetitiae languidis 
 liquefaciunt voluptatibus." 
 
 Delicia, delights, luxuries, 
 &c. Quae deliciunt, i. e. allici- 
 unt, illiciunt. 
 
 Delico, I point out, explain. 
 For deliquo fr. liquo, I make 
 clear; a sense which is observed 
 in Liquet and Liquidum-facio. 
 
 Delictum,^ fault. From delin- 
 quo, delictum. A failure in duty. 
 Delineo, 1 trace out the (Ji~ 
 neas) outlines roughly. 
 
 Delinio, I smooth ; I charm, 
 seduce. Fr. lenio. 
 
 Deliquium, a failing, defect. 
 Fr. delinquo, deliqui. As Reli- 
 quiae. 
 
 Delirium, dotage. See Deliro. 
 
 Dellro, I dote, rave. That is, 
 
 I deviate (de recta lira) from 
 
 the straight furrow, as properly 
 
DEL- 
 
 DEP 
 
 119 
 
 said of ploughs moving awry, ^f 
 Al. from Arjpoi, nonsense. 
 
 Delphica Mensa was a table 
 made after the fashion of that on 
 which the priestess at Delphi 
 sat as she delivered her oracles, 
 and which was elegantly wrought. 
 
 Delphin, Delphinus, a dol- 
 phin. JsXtpiv. 1 
 
 Deltoton, a constellation 
 formed like the Greek J. JsA- 
 
 T00TOV. 
 
 Delubrum, an altar, temple, 
 or sacred place. Fr. deluo, as 
 purifying and cleansing the wor- 
 shippers. So Folluo, Pollu- 
 brum. Some understand it of a 
 fount or place before the chapel 
 or near the altar, where they 
 washed before they performed 
 sacrifice. Fronto : " Delubrum 
 in quo homines piacula sua de- 
 luunt" Among the Greeks 
 Xh vi ^ was a purification with 
 lustral water, made previously to 
 any religious ceremony/ 
 
 Demens, tis, out of one's mind. 
 De mente. 
 
 Demo, I take away. From 
 de; emo, I take. As Adimo, 
 Promo, Bximo, &c. 
 
 Demolior, I throw or pull 
 down, overthrow. As opposed 
 to molior, 1 build, raise. So 
 Desiruo. 
 
 1 "Quos Vitruvius memorat ' delphi- 
 nos aereos' in machina hydraulic^ credun- 
 tur esse pondera quaedam similia iis quaa 
 horologiis appenduntur ; ita dicta quia 
 delphinus capite est crasso et gravi, vel 
 fortasse a figura. Eadem ratione delphinos 
 vocat Plinius ornamenta tricliniorum, lec- 
 torum, vasorum ex auro, argento, vel 
 sere." F. 
 
 2 Some understand it of an image of a 
 Deity, made (a ligno delibrato) from 
 wood with the bark off. 
 
 Demum, at length, at last. Fr. 
 T^ffcoj, then. That is, not till then. 
 Demus was used by the ancients. 
 Demum is also used for only, 
 merely. Trajan : " Nobis autem 
 utilitas demum spectanda est." 
 Jn this sense some refer it to 
 demo, 1 take away, except. 
 
 Denarius, containing ten. Fr. 
 deni. Also, a silver coin at first 
 worth ten asses. 
 
 Deni, ten by ten, ten. For 
 deceni fr. decern» As Bis, Bini ; 
 Septem, Septeni. 
 
 Denicales Feriae were those 
 on which a family was purified 
 in consequence of a death in it. 
 Fr. denico, deneco ; or from de 
 and vexus, a corpse. 
 
 Demque, at last, lastly. For 
 deinque, i. e. et dein. % AL for 
 denuoque, denuque. 
 
 Dens, dentis, a tooth. Fr. 
 odovTog, of a tooth, whence 'Soj/- 
 rog, dentis, as yOw, gEnu. % A\. 
 from edens, edentis. 
 
 Densus, thick, close. For 
 dansus, (as tuXAvtov, talEntum) 
 for dasus, dccivg, thick. N added, 
 as in liNquo, paNgo, and in our 
 laNtern. 
 
 Dentale, the sharebeam of a 
 plough. Fr. dens, dentis, 
 
 Denuo, afresh. For de novo, 
 de nouo. 
 
 Deorsum, downwards. Fr. 
 devorsum fr. vorto, verto. De 
 is here as in " Susque deque," 
 and signifies down from. So in 
 Despicio. 
 
 Depdlo, I make clear. Fr. 
 palam. 
 
 Deploratus, past all cure. Fr. 
 ploro. Either, extremely be- 
 wailed, or for whom all bewail- 
 
120 
 
 DEP- 
 
 DES 
 
 ing is at an end, as useless. In 
 the latter sense de is the same as 
 in Defloresco. " Cui ultimus 
 luctus persolutus est/' says For- 
 cellini. 
 
 Deponentia verba, deponent 
 verbs. Fr. depono. As laying 
 aside their passive signification 
 or their active form. 
 
 Depso, I knead ; tan or curry 
 leather. Ar\t&. 
 
 Deputor. Macrobius : " Ad 
 deputatam sibi a natura sedem." 
 That is, cut off for them by 
 nature, appointed, chosen. Fr. 
 puto, as amputo. Hence Sulpi- 
 cius : " Turba colendis agris de- 
 putata" Cut off apart from 
 others, chosen out from others, 
 deputed. So Privy-counsellors 
 are from vpico, 1 cut off. Or 
 deputo is, I judge, determine, 
 appoint. 
 
 Deputor. Sulpicius: " Ac- 
 cusatores deputari leonibus pras- 
 cepit.' , To be cut off from their 
 fellow men and given to lions. 
 Or, to be appointed : See above. 
 
 Derivo, 1 turn off (rivum) a 
 stream or river (de) from its pro- 
 per channel into another ; hence, 
 I turn off one word into another 
 by different inflexion, &c, as 
 from Dico I make Dictio, from 
 Homo I make Homunculus, 
 &c. Forcellini explains derivo : 
 u Hivi more aquam deduco alio- 
 que deflecto." 
 
 Derogo, I take away, (rogan- 
 do) by making a motion, some 
 clause of a law by a new one ; I 
 take from, abate, lessen. See 
 Abrogo. 
 
 Descisco, I alter, change ; 
 change my opinion, place, &c. 
 
 De here as in Defloresco. 
 " Contrarium aliquid scisco et 
 statuo." F. 
 
 Desero, I abandon, forsake. 
 De expresses the contrary to sero, 
 Ijoin. 
 
 Dtserta loca, forsaken and 
 uninhabited places. See Desero, 
 Some consider sero to mean 
 here, I sow. Places not sown, 
 barren spots. 
 
 Deses, desidis, one who (desi- 
 det, desedet) sits down and gives 
 up exertion. 
 
 Dendtro, I miss the absence 
 of, long for, desire. Fr. desidere 
 infin. of desido, I fix my mind 
 on a thing. As from Considere 
 is Considero, from Recipere is 
 Recipero, Recupero. 1 
 
 Desidia, sloth. See Deses. 
 
 Designo, I trace out (quodam 
 signo) by some mark. 
 
 Desino, I leave off. That is, 
 I suffer a thing to be, 1 leave it 
 untouched further. 
 
 Desisto, I stand off from a 
 thing, give it over. 
 
 Desitus, laid aside. Fr. desino, 
 desitum. 
 
 Desolo, I desolate. Solum 
 relinquo. 
 
 Despicio, I look down from a 
 place upon, 1 look down upon, 
 despise. For despecio. 
 
 Despondeo, I despair of ob- 
 taining, as Columella has De- 
 spondere sapientiam. De here 
 negatives spondeo, I promise. I 
 cannot promise myself, I despair 
 
 1 "It is certain, says Fes tus, that it 
 coraes from sidus, sideris. How it came 
 to have its signification, is not so certain ; 
 different reasons, and those very far- 
 fetched, being assigned." F. 
 
DES- 
 
 DET 
 
 121 
 
 of. In the phrase " Despondeo 
 animum," animum seems to de- 
 pend on Secundum, koto.. But 
 not so thinks Varro : " Dictum 
 est eo modo quo Despondere 
 iiliam. Quia, quemadmodum, 
 qui filiam alteri uxorem promit- 
 tit, finem statuit suae spontis seu 
 voluntatis, h. e. omnem de fili& 
 voluntatem et curam deponit et 
 in sponsum transfert; ita, qui 
 despondet animum, omnem de- 
 ponit spem curamque sui." 
 
 Destino, I fix, make steady 
 or fast. Csesar : " Rates ancoris 
 destinabat, ne fluctibus moveren- 
 tur." Also, I fix the state, con- 
 dition of anything ; fix the time 
 of anything being done; destine, 
 doom, assign, appoint, elect, de- 
 pute. Also, I aim at. Livy : 
 " Non capita solum hostium vul- 
 nerabant, sed quern locum desti- 
 nassent oris." Perhaps from the 
 idea of fixing the arrow. Also, I 
 destine to my use by buying. 
 Plautus : " JEdes quanti denti- 
 nal V Forcellini explains it, 
 "suam facit constituto pre- 
 tio." Forcellini : U Destino is 
 perhaps from de and teneo, S 
 being inserted." As Occapio, 
 Occupo; so Deteneo, Detmo. 
 S added somewhat as in Absti- 
 neo and in Obstinax. De increa- 
 ses the force. If Some suppose 
 ino to be a mere extension of the 
 termination, and derive destino 
 from desto. Sto being here used 
 for stare facio. 1 
 
 1 Al. iovdestano (as fiaxAvh, machTna), 
 for de-istano from la-rdva, the same as 
 IffT-nfu, which means to fix, to make 
 steady. % Or from de, and ffrauicD, the 
 Cretan form of tariifu. % Or fr. ffrdco, 
 cralvw, (as Bda>, Bafiw,) fut. trrcwu. 
 
 Etym. 
 
 Destituo, I forsake. Ovid : 
 " Somnus me destituit." Statuo 
 is to fix, settle, establish ; desti- 
 tuo is the opposite, and means to 
 let be in an unsettled state, to 
 let go at random, to neglect. In 
 Suetonius, " Ingredientem po- 
 plites desiituebant" destituo is 
 the opposite of statuo, I fix, 
 make steady : " His knees failed 
 him as he entered." 
 
 Destituo, I cheat, defraud. 
 Thus in Livy, " Si spes desti- 
 tuat" if hope fail me, cheat 
 me. Or destituo is to forsake 
 or abandon one's promises or 
 obligations, and so disappoint. 
 Horace : " Ex quo destituit 
 Deos Mercede pact&." 
 
 Destruo, I overthrow. De 
 contradicts the sense of struo. 
 
 Deterior, worse. Fr. detero, 
 I impair. Horace : " Musa ve- 
 tat Laudes egregii Caesaris et 
 tuas Culpa deterere ingeni." So 
 Detrimentum from Detero. 
 
 Detestor, I detest. That is, 
 I imprecate by calling the Gods 
 (testari) to witness. Or de forms 
 the opposite of testor. Hill : 
 a Detestor^ supposes that the sen- 
 timent of aversion shows itself 
 by an unwillingness to witness 
 a deed or to see its author." 
 
 Detraho, I disparage, speak 
 ill of. That is, I draw or take 
 away from another's character. 
 
 Detrecto, I disparage. For 
 detracto from detractum supine 
 of detraho. 
 
 Detrecto, I decline to have 
 anything to do with. De con- 
 tradicts the sense of tracto, I 
 handle. 
 
 Detrimentum, loss, damage. 
 
12<2 
 
 DEV 
 
 DIC 
 
 Fr. detritum (as Monitum, Mo- 
 nimentum,) supine of detero, 1 
 wear away, impair. 
 
 Devexus, inclining down- 
 wards, sloping. As Devexi 
 monies. Properly, carried down- 
 wards, as De means downwards 
 in Deorsum and Despicio. Fr. 
 veko, vexi. 
 
 Deunx, uncis, an as wanting 
 an ounce. Properly, uncia de 
 asse. Hence, eleven twelfths 
 of anything. 
 
 Deus, a god; GOD. From 
 ©eoj, See Dea. */j Al. from 
 Aevg Mo\, for Zeb$, Jupiter. 
 ^f Al. from A io$, irregular geni- 
 tive of Zsvg. 
 
 Dextans, ten ounces. For 
 desextans, an as wanting {sex- 
 (ante) two ounces. See Deunx. 
 Dexter, era, erum, on the 
 right hand ; lucky, prosperous ; 
 fit, suitable ; apt, dexterous. 
 As%iTepo$, whence h^rsgog, dex- 
 terus. 
 
 Dexter a, Dextra, the right 
 hand. AegiTspcif h^Tsga. 
 
 Dextrorsum, towards the 
 right hand. For dextrovorsum. 
 Di — , expresses separation, 
 disjunction, displacing, scatter- 
 ing, and is from foot — or fo — . 
 
 Didbolus, the devil. Jja/3o- 
 Xo$. 
 
 Didconus, a minister, deacon. 
 Aiuxovo$. 
 
 Diadema, a white fillet with 
 which kings used to bind their 
 heads. AiufyfAot. 
 
 Diata, food, diet. Also, an 
 apartment, room to sup in. Any 
 room. Alotira. 
 
 Dialect tea, logic. JiaXex- 
 
 TiKYj. 
 
 Dialectics, a dialect. JiaAex- 
 
 T0$. 
 
 Dialis, belonging to Jove. 
 From Aiog, of Jove. 
 
 Didlogus, a dialogue. Aiot- 
 \oyo$. 
 
 Diana, Diana. For Dia Ja- 
 na, whence Dia-iana, Diana, 
 As Janus was Apollo or the 
 Sun, so Jana was the moon. 
 Dia is IIol, divine. 1 
 
 Diapason, a chord including 
 all tones, octave. From 8ia Tracwv. 
 
 Diarium, provision (unius 
 diei) for one day. The journal 
 of one day, of each day. 
 
 Diastema, a space, interval. 
 
 AtOtO~TYI[J.U. 
 
 Diatribe, a disputation, or 
 place where it is held. Ji«- 
 
 Dica, an action at law. Jjxq. 
 
 Dicax, witty, quick, keen (in 
 dicendd) in speaking. 
 
 Dicis causa, for form's or 
 fashion's sake. Dicis is S/x>j£. 
 
 Dico, am, 1 assign, give up, 
 dedicate, consecrate. Fr. di- 
 KaXp, fut. foxotvw, foxaca, foncb, to 
 judge, judge a thing over to a 
 person, adjudge. ^[ Al. from 
 dico. That is, dicendo defero, 
 attribuo. So the I in Dicax, 
 Prsedico, avi, Maledicus, &c. 
 is short. 
 
 Dico, dixi, 1 say, tell, speak. 
 Fr. hUo), I show. Thus, when 
 Cicero says, " Dicam quod 
 sentio," Dicam is, I will show 
 you. So in Ovid: "Ilia dies 
 fatum miserae mihi dixit," dixit 
 
 1 <( From Goth, dij, a teat ; or dij, the 
 earth, and ana queen." Rudbeck apud 
 Jamieson. 
 
Die- 
 
 DIG 
 
 123 
 
 is showed. Cicero : " Ut an- 
 nales populi R. et monumenta 
 vetustatis loquunt/ur." " Di- 
 cere is nothing else but to show 
 the thoughts of my mind/' V. 
 <Pocoo (whence (pctlvco and <p>j/x») is 
 both to show and to speak. So 
 Pando also is used. 
 
 Dicrotum, a light galley with 
 two banks of oars. Aixporov, 
 
 Dictamrms, the herb dittany. 
 
 AtXTCl[Jt,VO$. 
 
 Dictator, a chief magistrate 
 elected on extraordinary occa- 
 sions and vested with absolute 
 authority. Fr. dicto, dictatum ; 
 dicto being taken as a frequen- 
 tative of dico, dictum, " Quia 
 crebr6 diceret ediceretque quse 
 utilia essent reipublicae." V. 
 Dico is rather here to suggest, to 
 advise. 1 
 
 Dicterium, a sharp saying, 
 jest. From faixrypiov, says 
 Scaliger.* But surely it is from 
 fyxTypiov, translated by Donne- 
 gan "a cutting sarcasm." Ju- 
 venal: "JOCO MORDENTE fa- 
 cetus." 
 
 Dicto, I speak or dictate what 
 another may write. Fr. dico, 
 dictum. 
 
 Dictynna, Diana. Alxrvvvct. 
 
 Dido, I spread abroad. That 
 is, I put (See Abdo) in different 
 directions. 
 
 * " Rather, from the office of a mas- 
 tee in a school dictating lessons or in- 
 structions to his scholars. Whence a 
 Dictator is called Magister populi. 
 Hence the joke of Julius Caesar in Sueto- 
 nius : ' Syllam nescisse literas qui dicta- 
 turam deposuerit.' And Juvenal : ' In 
 tabulam Syllse si dicant discipuli tres.' " 
 
 2 See Vossius in Etymol. 
 
 Didymceus, Apollo. Ji&u- 
 
 Dierectus. Plautus : " Abi 
 dierectus." That is, Go and be 
 hanged. From di-e-rectd i. e. 
 vitt, in different directions and 
 from the straight road. As 
 Erro, I wander, is from eppco, 
 whence epps, go and be hanged. 
 If Or from f* sub dio erectus." 
 That is, hanged up in the open 
 air. ^f Or from diotppr\xTog t 
 burst asunder, disruptus. Plau- 
 tus : " Lien dierectus est/ 7 
 
 Dies, a day. From Ait>$, of 
 Jove, the author of light and 
 the father of day, whence he is 
 called Dies-pater, Diespiter. 
 Macrobius : "Jovem Luce- 
 tium Salii in carmine canunfc, 
 et Cretenses diem AIol vocant." 
 If A!., from the Punic dia, day.* 
 ^f Wachter refers to Welsh 
 diau, Armoric di, a day; and 
 Arabic daa, it shone. Tooke 
 refers dies to the Anglo-Sax. 
 dcegan, whence our dawn, day, 
 and our old word dawA 
 
 Diespiter, Jupiter. See 
 Dies. 
 
 Differtus, stuffed. Fr. far- 
 do, far turn. 
 
 Diffwilis, hard. For dis- 
 facilis. Dis contradicts, as in 
 Diffido, Dissimilis. 
 
 Digero, I distribute, dispose, 
 put in order, arrange. " In di- 
 versas partes gero." F. I carry 
 things to their separate and pro- 
 per situations. So Dispono, 
 Distribuo. 
 
 3 Caninius apud Voss. in Etym. 
 
 4 Drayton : *' The other side from 
 whence the morning daws" 
 
124 
 
 DIG- 
 
 DIP 
 
 Dlgestio ciborum, " non est 
 quidem concoctio, sed distribu- 
 tio cibi stomacho, excepti in 
 venas et membra corporis, sive 
 coucoctus fuerit, sive non." F. 
 From digero, digestum. 
 
 Digitus, a finger. From a 
 word $eixsT0$ fr. dsixco or foixeoo, 
 to point to. Asixrtxo$ daxrv- 
 \o$ was specially the forefinger. 
 Or fr. hxsTog fr. Uxco the same 
 as foixco. If Al. from a word 
 deixTY\$ or Ss/yrrjs, from hixoo, 
 tisfoiXTXi or UfaiyTcti. % Al. for 
 thigitus (as 6so$, Deus,) fr. 
 Qlyoo, I touch. 
 
 Dignor, I think {dignum) 
 worthy. I think a thing worthy 
 to do, I deign to do. 
 
 Digitus, worthy or deserving 
 of good or ill. For dicnus fr. 
 lixri justice. So dlxonog is used. 
 Sophocles: Alxaid$ slpi rwvS* 
 u^KKol^oli xotxtiv : Dignus sum 
 &c. 
 
 Dljovis, Jupiter. From 
 Dius-Jovis, as Diana for Diva- 
 Jana. 
 
 Dildpido, I consume, waste. 
 Forcellini: " More lapidum 
 hue illuc temere jacio. Vel, 
 jactis lapidibus discutio, cor- 
 rumpo." Or dilapido is pro- 
 perly applied to a building 
 spoiled of the stones which 
 composed it. *f Al. from A«- 
 7raSw fut. 2. of \mtu&, I waste, 
 whence ukenrcthos. I for A, as 
 machlna from fxa^Ava. 
 
 Diligens, diligent, attentive. 
 Properly, fond of, partial to a 
 pursuit. Compare Negligens. 
 See Diligo. 
 
 Diligo, 1 esteem highly. For 
 dilego, 1 choose one apart from 
 
 others, I choose one preemi- 
 nently as my friend. 
 
 Diluculum, the dawn. Fr. 
 diluceo* So oc^otTcS diuvyx^eiv 
 is, at the break of day. 
 
 Diluvium, a flood. Fr. diluo, 
 I wash away. See Alluvies, 
 Colluvies. 
 
 Dimico, I fight. For dimaco 
 (as [Lay^AyoL, machlna) fr. di and 
 jou*X>}, a battle. Or fr. hu^uyico, 
 diocfiotxa>, or Siajtxa^0ju,at. ^f 
 Forcellini : " A mico. Quia, 
 sicut micando digitis controversial 
 dirimi solent, ita micando gladiis. 
 Ut< cernere ferro' dixit Virgil." 
 Calpurnius : " Et nunc, alternos 
 magis ut distinguere cantus Pos- 
 sitis, ter quisque manus jactate 
 micantes. Nee mora, decernunt 
 digitis." Others understand dim- 
 ico of persons brandishing their 
 spears in different directions in 
 battle. 
 
 Dimidius, halved. Divided 
 (in medio) in the middle. 
 
 Dicccesis, the administration 
 of a district ; the district so 
 administered. Aioix^i^. 
 
 Diogmita, light-armed sol- 
 diers. AioyyATcti fr. hoyp.o$ t 
 pursuit. As equipped for pur- 
 suit. 
 
 Dionysia, a festival of Bac- 
 chus. Aiov6<ria. 
 
 Dionysus, Bacchus. Aiowvos. 
 
 Diota, a cask with two han- 
 dles. AiuiTr t , 
 
 DiphthonguSf a diphthong. 
 Al<p8oyyo$. 
 
 Diploma, a writing contain- 
 ing some public order, license. 
 Al^Xoi^u, 
 
 Dipondius, of two pounds. 
 Fr. di from Sis, twice; pondo. 
 
DIP- 
 
 DIS 
 
 125 
 
 It is written also dupondius, 
 from duo pondo. 
 
 Dipsas, a kind of viper. Aityu$. 
 
 Diptdta, nouns having but 
 two cases. AIktcotci. 
 
 Diplycha, registers in which 
 the names of magistrates were 
 inscribed. Alirrvyu. 
 
 Dira, curses. That is, dir& 
 preces, hwou upul. 
 
 Dlrcz, the Furies. That is, 
 Dirce Deae. 
 
 Directarius, a housebreaker. 
 Fr. §iotf>fY}XTYi$, (SippYixTYis,) one 
 who breaks through. 1 
 
 Diribeo, I distribute tablets 
 among the citizens in their as- 
 semblies, for them to mark their 
 suffrages on. For diripeo from 
 SictppiTTTeo), Ziappnreu), 1 cast in 
 different directions, disperse, 
 scatter. Or from fut. 2. foctppi- 
 <psui, dipupeco, as clpfpa), am Bo. 
 If Or diribeo is soft for dihibeo 
 or diibeo, as Dirimo for Diimo. 
 That is, I hold out or present in 
 different directions. 
 
 Dlrimo, I sever. For diimo, 
 diemo, from emo, 1 take, as in 
 Demo, Adimo. R is added 
 for euphony, as NuRus for 
 Nuus, MusaRum for Musaum. 
 
 Dims, dreadful, fell, direful, 
 cruel. For dlmis fr. faivog. As 
 poNoi, moRa. Vice verssi, do- 
 Num from SwPov. ^ Or from 
 dsog, h1o§, fear ; whence diRus, 
 as vvo$, nuRus. Or from falo$ 
 a word hispog, §eipo§, might have 
 been formed, % Al. from the 
 Anglo-Sax. dere, hurtful, mis- 
 
 1 Ulpian derives it from dirigo, direc- 
 tum : " Qui in aliena ccenacula se diri- 
 
 gunt furandi animo." 
 
 chievous. Shakspeare : " Would 
 I had met my dearest foe in hea- 
 v'n." 
 
 Dlrus, apt, ready, efficacious. 
 Like Greek hiyo$. See above. 
 
 Dis — , apart, asunder ; asun- 
 der on every side, in different 
 directions. From 8jj, twice, or 
 Sio-o-oi, two. Butler: " Dis 
 bears the sense of separation or 
 division, as is the case when a 
 thing is made into two pieces." 
 
 Dis, dltis, rich. For dives, 
 divitis. 
 
 Discdpedino, I part asunder. 
 See Intercapedo. 
 
 Discepto, I dispute, debate. 
 Fr. capto, \. e. argumentum. Or 
 capto is in a sense used by Plau- 
 tus, thus explained by For- 
 cellini : " Captare cum aliquo, 
 est captiosis verbis et callida\ 
 vafraque disputatione cum ali- 
 quo contendere/' Vossius thus 
 accounts for Discepto: " Nam 
 seorsim pars quaeque aliquid 
 capit ad sui defensionem." ^[ 
 Or is discepto from hua-KBTtrcQ, 
 &ct<rxs7rTopcti ? Or for dispecto, 
 from dispicio, dispectum? By 
 transp. discepto. 
 
 Discepto, I decide, judge, 
 arbitrate. From the idea of de- 
 bating with myself. Or capto, 
 like capio, is here to choose. I 
 choose between different opi- 
 nions. If Or from Siao-xeflTOJ. 
 See above. 
 
 Discerno, I distinguish be- 
 tween. Fr. cerno, I sift, separate. 
 
 Discidium, a separation. 
 From discido, whence discindo. 
 
 Discipllna, instruction. For 
 discipulina. As delivered {dis- 
 cipulis) to scholars. 
 
126 
 
 DIS- 
 
 DIS 
 
 Disctpulus, a learner. Fr. 
 
 disco. 
 
 Disco, I learn. Fr. htco, I 
 pursue; or, I penetrate, search 
 into. As Saw (same as 8/co) and 
 laloi are to learn, from the same 
 notion. From 8/co would be 
 &iVxa> or &j8/<rxa>, as from •nlca is 
 mvio-xto. Or from IolIw, to 
 learn ; whence 8«/<rxw, disco. 1 
 
 Discordia, discord. Cordium 
 dissidium. 
 
 Discrepo, I give inharmo- 
 nious sounds. Hence it is 
 said of persons varying and dif- 
 fering. Fr. crepo. Dis ex- 
 presses separation, as opposed 
 to union. Discrepo is much 
 the same as Dissono from So- 
 nus. 
 
 Discrimen, a division, part- 
 ing, differing, difference. Cri- 
 men for cernimen fr. cerno, I 
 sift, separate. Or for crinimen 
 fr. xplvco, I sift, separate. See 
 Crimen and Cribrum. Discri- 
 men is also risk, danger. Here 
 cerno is to decide a quarrel, to 
 come to a final issue by a fight 
 and so by anything else. Hence 
 the notion of risk and peril. 
 But Forcellini thus : " Quia 
 discrimen omne significat, quo 
 ab exitio, morte, &c. exiguo iii- 
 tervallo dividimur." 
 
 Discus, a quoit ; platter. Aid- 
 xog. 
 
 Discussio, an inquiry, ex- 
 amination. Fr. discutio, (i. e. 
 disquatio,) discussum, I shake 
 
 1 Al. for dasco fr. SiMaKw, I teach, or 
 SiSdffKofxai, I am taught. As from x^ ,<XK(a 
 some derive Hisco for Hasco. 
 
 about or sift in different di- 
 rections. 
 
 Disertd, expressly. That is, 
 clearly, expressively. See Di- 
 sertus. 
 
 Disertus, clear or expressive 
 in speech, elegant or eloquent. 
 Fr. disero, disertum. Sero is 
 to join. So that disero is much 
 the same as Dispono, I dispose, 
 arrange; and Digero, I put in 
 order. 
 
 Dispdro, I sever. Dis con- 
 tradicts paro, from par, paris. 
 I make unequal, I make to dis- 
 agree. So Separo. 
 
 Dispendium t expense, cost, 
 loss. See Compendium. 
 
 Dispenno : See Appendix. 
 
 Dispenso, Hay out, dispense, 
 distribute, direct, regulate. Fr. 
 pendo, pensum. See Expendo. 
 
 Dispertio, I give (partem) 
 part to one and part to another; 
 I distribute. 
 
 Dispesco, I sever. See Com- 
 pesco. 
 
 Dispono, I put in order, ar- 
 range. Properly, 1 place apart ; 
 place one thing here and another 
 therein proper order. "Res plu- 
 res diversis locis ordine pono" F. 
 
 Disputo, 1 debate, argue. 
 Said of persons who in dis- 
 course (putant diversa) are of 
 opposite sentiments. 
 
 Dissero, I debate, discuss. 
 Sero, as in Virgil : " Multa 
 inter sese vario sermone sere- 
 bant" Dis is expressed by 
 " vario sermone." Or, if dis- 
 sero means properly, to reason, 
 one person with himself; then 
 dissero is to disjoin ideas, i. e. 
 to separate such as are unlike, 
 
DIS 
 
 DIV 
 
 127 
 
 and (disponere) to put them in 
 their proper order. Cicero calls 
 Logic " Ars bene disserendi." % 
 Hill : " Fr. sero, I plant. Disse- 
 rere, in its primitive meaning, is 
 to plant at proper distances, so 
 that each seed may be duly nou- 
 rished, without interfering with 
 those that are next to it. Or fr. 
 sero, I plait. That is, I unplait, 
 unravel what is intricate, explain 
 what is abstruse." 
 
 Dissertatio, a disquisition. 
 Fr. dissertum supine o£ dissero, 
 which see. 
 
 Dissicio, the same as dissico, 
 dissecOy if indeed it is a true 
 reading. 
 
 Dissideo, I am at a distance 
 from ; I am at variance with, I 
 disagree with. Fr. sedeo. I sit 
 apart from. 
 
 Dissidium, disagreement. Fr. 
 dissideo. 
 
 Dissipo, I scatter here and 
 there. Festus explains sipo, or 
 rather supo, to throw. Whence 
 also Insipo, Obsipo. Perhaps 
 supo is from uveao, unco, the same 
 asy$»>jju,j, I send down, letdown, 
 let loose, and so let loose upon 
 one. ^f Or sipo might mean, I 
 shake about, sift ; and might be 
 allied to Germ, sieb, the same 
 as our sieve ; and Germ, seiven, 
 the same as our sift, " Gloss. 
 Pez. : Cribro sipe" W. Or 
 sipo might be from <teioo, as la- 
 Pis from X5iu$S 
 
 1 Hemsterhuis says : " 'Siirtri ab an- 
 tiquo fftirw, aut&u), unde sipo. ^'nreiv 
 notat, confertim ingerere et infarcire. 
 Hinc crnrvr] cistella, in quam edulia con- 
 fertim injuncta conservantur." But this 
 is unfounded conjecture. 
 
 Dissolutus, dissolute, pro- 
 fligate. " A legibus solutus et 
 recta vivendi disciplina." F. 
 
 Distichon, a couplet. J»- 
 
 Distinguo, I distinguish by 
 marks, I mark, punctuate, va- 
 riegate, adorn ; I discriminate, 
 divide, part. Fr. di and stinguo, 
 stingo, for stigo (as Frago, 
 Frango), fr. <rnya> fut. 2. of crn- 
 £a>, I prick, mark, ^f Al. from dis 
 and tingo, I tinge. " Tingendo 
 et colorando discrimino." F. 
 
 Disto, I am distant. Pro- 
 perly, I stand apart. 
 
 District us, bound fast. Di 
 is here the same as diu in 8<a5>j- 
 
 \LCL. 
 
 Dithyr ambus, a poem writ- 
 ten in honor of Bacchus. AM- 
 potpfioj. 
 
 Ditio, rule, power, dominion. 
 For dicio fr. 8/ioj. A prescrip- 
 tive or hereditary right. Or 
 the power of dealing (jus et jus- 
 titiam) justice. ^f " From 
 Celt, tit, terra. For ditto is 
 used of a territory." W. 
 
 Dito, I enrich. Fr. dis, di- 
 tis, rich. 
 
 Diu, in the day-time. Fr. 
 dies. 
 
 Diu, for a long time. Fr. 
 dies. That is, all through the 
 day. Forcellini understands it 
 of a continuation of many days. 
 
 Diverbium, the colloquial 
 part of a comedy, in which (di- 
 versi verba faciunt) more than 
 one speak. Opposed to the 
 chorus, where one only speaks. 
 
 Diversus, separate, distinct, 
 different. That is, turned dif- 
 ferent ways. 
 
}<28 
 
 DIV 
 
 DOD 
 
 Dives, rich. From Divas. 
 Like the Gods in ease and af- 
 fluence. Plautus: " Dei divi- 
 tes sunt, Deos decet opulen- 
 tia." 
 
 Dividia, grief, pain. As 
 (dividens) tearing the mind asun- 
 der. Virgil: " Animum nunc 
 hue celerem, nunc dividit illuc." 
 So jas^ijxva fr. usplw, psglZw. 
 
 Divido, I part, sever. For 
 difido fr. di and fido, findo. 
 % Al. from di, and vido, or vi- 
 duo. " The Latins seem to 
 have said first dividuo, then 
 divido." F. Viduo is fr. Uiog, 
 separate, distinct; or ?8jo», <5<w, 
 I make distinct. See Vidua. 1 
 
 Divino, I predict, divine. 
 For this is (divinum) the pro- 
 perty of the Gods and beyond 
 man. 
 
 Divinus, relating to or of the 
 nature of (Divi) the Gods. As 
 Libertus, Libertmus. 
 
 DTvitice, riches. Fr. dives, 
 divitis. 
 
 Dium, the open air, the sky. 
 From Aiog, of Jupiter. Horace : 
 " Manet sub Jove frigido Ve- 
 nator." ^f Or for dium ccelum 
 or domicilium. 
 
 Dlvortium, a divorce, by 
 which persons (divortuntur) 
 turn different ways. 
 
 Diurnus, pertaining to the 
 day. Fr. diu, as Noctu, Noc- 
 turnus. 
 
 Dius, divine. From Slog, as 
 
 1 Jones says : " The compounds of 
 vado retain the A, but with di it is chang- 
 ed to I ; divido, I go asunder, — divide." 
 We may observe that Juro makes Dejuro 
 or Dejero. 
 
 Juno is called by Homer Zlot 
 Qsaoov.* 
 
 Diutinus, lasting. Fr. diu, 
 as Cras, Crastinus. 
 
 Diuturnus, lasting. Fr. diu. 
 Somewhat as from Semper is 
 Sempiternus. 
 
 Dlvum, the same as Dium, 
 and put for it. 
 
 Divus, a God. For Dius. 
 That is, Divine. Thus Divus 
 is properly an adjective. 
 
 Do, I give. Fr. hoco, hw, 
 whence hUoo, Sftw/ti. 
 
 Doceo, I teach. Fr. Ufoxa, 
 (Iokol,) pf. mid. of Uxoo and folxoo, 
 I show. 5 The first meaning of 
 doceo given by Forcellini is, 
 " To show, point out." 
 
 Dochimus, a foot like maic- 
 dochmiac. For dochmius fr. 
 lo^iog. 
 
 Docilis, apt. to be taught. 
 Fr. doceo. 
 
 Doctrlna, instruction. The 
 art of making (doctum) learned. 
 
 Document urn, a pattern, warn- 
 ing. That which (docet) teaches 
 us. As Moneo, Monumen- 
 tum. 
 
 Dodra, a potion made up of 
 nine materials. Fr. dodrans, 
 a measure of nine ounces. Au- 
 sonius : " Dodra ex dodrante 
 est." 
 
 Dodrans, nine twelfths or 
 three fourths of an As. From 
 
 2 Al. from de?os. As Dea from &eh, 
 Deus from Qe6s. % Al. from Aibs, of 
 Jove ; whence Al'ios, A7os, pertaining to 
 Jove. But this is the derivation of dlos 
 above. 
 
 3 Al. from 8o/ce&>, I think; whence 
 86yfxaTa, the dogmas of the learned. The 
 sense here is too remote. 
 
DOG 
 
 DOS 
 
 129 
 
 de-quadrans, i. e. a quadrans 
 taken (de) from an As. Com- 
 pare Dexlans, Quadrans. 
 
 Doga, a boat called a dogger ; 
 also, a cup made in the form of 
 such a boat. From Icel. dugga, 
 a fishing vessel, ^f Or fr. loyri, 
 a vessel. 
 
 Dogma, an established prin- 
 ciple. Aoypci. 
 
 Doldbella, a little hatchet. 
 Fr. dolabra, as from Culter or 
 Cultrus is Cultellus. 
 
 Dolabra, a chip-axe. Fr. 
 dolo, I chip. As Tero, Terebra. 
 
 Doleo, I grieve. Fr. tuXxoo, 
 ] endure, suffer; whence doleo, 
 as from Aapuu) is Domo, or 
 even Domeo, whence Domui, 
 Domitum, Or fr. toKbm, the 
 same as toAc/j or roKKoo whence 
 Totyuj, and To\y,uoo, and tolero. 
 Or, if ToApj is, from rsXoo or 
 rikXco (pp. reroK^ai), doleo may 
 be from pf. mid. rsroXoi. (i Goth. 
 thulan, Anglo-Sax. tholian, 
 Franc, and Dutch tholen, dolen, 
 is to suffer, sustain, bear. Al- 
 lied are Gr. tolXkj, and Lat. 
 tolero from tolo. The Danes 
 still use tola, taala, while the 
 Belgians and the Germans say 
 dulden." W/ 
 
 Dolium : See Appendix. 
 
 Dolo,avi: See Appendix. 
 
 Dolo, orris, a staff with a little 
 rapier in it. AoXw. 
 
 Dolo, onis, the small sail next 
 the foresail in a vessel. AoKoov. 
 
 Dolor, grief. Fr. doleo, as 
 Algeo, Algor. 
 
 ' Haigh: « Fr. BoXbs, filth, dirt: 
 whence doK6w, [or Qo\£w,~] to trouble, to 
 disturb." 
 
 "Etym. 
 
 Dolus, craft. Ao\og. 
 
 Doma, dtis, a house-top. So 
 8wj«,a Matth. x, 27. 
 
 Domesticus, appertaining to 
 (domum) a house. 
 
 Domicilium, a house, place 
 of abode. Fr. domus. % Al. for 
 domicolium fr. domus and colo. 
 
 Dominor, I am lord and mas- 
 ter, bear rule. Fr. dominus. 2, 
 
 Dominus, a master (domus) 
 of a house ; master, lord, ^f 
 Al. from domo, I subjugate. 
 
 Domn&dius, a landlord. That 
 is, dominus tedium* 
 
 Domo, I subdue. Fr. Sajxaw, w. 
 
 Domus, a house. Aopog. 
 
 Donee, while, until. For 
 domcum. 
 
 Donicum, - 
 
 Dono, I give. See Donum. 
 
 Donum, a gift. For dorum 
 fr. Bwgov. ^f Or from c?o. ^f 
 Al. from Savog, a gift. As SApw, 
 dOmo. 
 
 Dorcas, a doe. Aopxtx$. 
 
 Dormio, I sleep. Fr. Ufop- 
 fxut pp. of 8eg», to strip a skin ; 
 whence a word doppu, a skin, 
 and dormio, I lie on a skin. 
 As from £8ap0ijv a. 1. p. of Se/sw 
 is SugQavco, the same as dormio. 
 Homer : iv xcoe(riv oloov "EdpuQsv 
 h 7Tpodg6[jt,a). Virgil : " Caesarum 
 ovium subnocte silenti Pelli- 
 etjs incubuit stratis somnos- 
 qvk petivit." ^f Or for dermio 
 fr. SegjiA», a skin. 3 
 
 Dos, dotis, a dowry, gift. 
 
 Dossuarius, said of cattle 
 
 2 Al. from StWjUCK, (transp. Shaven) 
 whence Swaarjjs, a ruler. 
 
 3 Al. by transp. from Kebr. radam, 
 obdormivit. 
 
 R 
 
130 
 
 DRA- 
 
 D U I) 
 
 which carry loads on their back. 
 Fr. dossum for dorsum. 
 
 Drachma, a drachm. Apu- 
 
 Draco, a dragon. Also a 
 vessel for heating water, from 
 its being tortuous like a dragon. 
 And an old hardened vine- 
 branch, for the same reason. 
 Apctxwv. 
 
 Drdconarius, the bearer of the 
 ensign to the cohort, the ensign 
 representing (draconem) a dra- 
 gon. 
 
 Drama, the representation of 
 a play. Apoipct,. 
 
 Drapeta, a fugitive. Apu- 
 
 Draucus: See Appendix. 
 
 Dromas, a kind of swift camel. 
 Apoi^ag. 
 
 Dromedarius, the same as 
 dromas. 
 
 Dromo, a cutter, yacht. Fr. 
 §gopo$, the act of running. 
 
 Dropax, a medecine to take 
 away hair. Apw7roi%. 
 
 DruldcE, the Druids, priests 
 of Britain and Gaul. A Celtic 
 word. 1 
 
 Drungus, 
 
 Drupa, an olive gathered 
 at the period when its color 
 begins to turn. Fr. dgvnsty, 
 baked or ripened on the tree. 
 ^f Al. from dpV7reTY)s, Ipvirsru, 
 ready to fall from the tree. 
 
 Dryades, the Nymphs of the 
 woods. Aqvabss. 
 
 Dualis, relating to (duo) two. 
 
 Dubito, I doubt. Fr. du- 
 bius. I am doubtful. % Or 
 
 1 See Wachter in Druiden. 
 
 from duo and bito, I go. I go 
 two ways, not knowing which to 
 prefer. 
 
 Dubius, doubtful. For dui us 
 from duo, two. The Greeks 
 say foiaty, I am doubtful, from 
 Soico, two. ^f Or for duvius fr. 
 duo and via. I stand in a way 
 where two roads meet, not 
 knowing which to choose. The 
 Greeks say $«n-«£co from 8if and 
 crraoo. 
 
 Ducatus, the office (ducis) of 
 a general. 
 
 Duceni, two hundred. For 
 ducenteni from duo centum. So 
 Triceni. 
 
 Duco, duxi for ducsi, I lead, 
 carry, draw. Fr. Ss/xw, I point, 
 show, i. e. the way ; pf. mid. 
 difoxu, whence doxeoo, $oxa> : 
 lengthened to Sovxeco, douxob, as 
 No<ro$, Nolktos. Or from pf. 
 mid. Uloixa, whence a word 
 dotxao, duco, as pUnio from nowy. 
 Or duco may come from dslxco 
 or Uxoo in the same way that 
 oSETxyis, unexpected, comes 
 from a. and Uxw, I expect. Or 
 duco may be traced to Mxco, 
 (as (pftpoc, fUris,) formed from 
 otiwxct pf. of bUw, I guide. O 
 dropt, as in Ramus. Or even 
 to 6t$Yiyu;, transp. Sovjyw, whence 
 dago, dugo, (as pCEna, pUnio,) 
 for softness duco. Duco is also, 
 1 esteem, hold, think, consider; 
 and in this sense either is to 
 be referred to loxu>, I think; or 
 is the same as Duco in the first 
 sense ; ayca being similarly used 
 for, I esteem, &c. 
 
 Dudum, for a long while, for 
 some time ; a long while ago, 
 some time ago. For diudum, 
 
DUE' 
 
 EBR 
 
 131 
 
 from din for a long time, dum 
 whilst. Or dum, as in Ades- 
 dum, Ehodum. 
 
 Duellum, war. Fr. duo. 
 Properly, as waged between two 
 men or two armies. 
 
 Duim, the same as dem. 
 From a word duo formed from 
 Sow whence didoofju. 
 
 Dulciarius, a pastrycook. 
 One who sells (dulcia) sweet 
 cakes. 
 
 Dulcis, sweet. Fr. yXvxbg, 
 transp. yv\x,u$, whence gulcis, 
 then dulcis, as J a for rSL. % 
 Al. for delcis, for delicis, from 
 delicto, I allure. First dolcis, 
 somewhat as pOndus from 
 pEndo ; then dulcis. 
 
 Dum, whilst. Cut down 
 from donicum, i. e. donee. As 
 Vis is contracted from Volis, 
 Imus from Inferissimus, &c. 
 
 Dumtaxat, Duntaxat, only ; 
 provided. That is, dum taxat 
 aliquis hoc unum, i. e. provided 
 one takes into the account this 
 only. Cassar : " Peditatu dum- 
 taxat procul ad speciem utitur ; 
 equites in aciem niittit." That 
 is, Peditatu, ut aestinies merum 
 peditatum .... or meram speciem. 
 
 Dumus, a bush, thorny rough 
 shrub, brier. For dusmus fr. 
 $e$v<rpou pp. of 8w», I go into a 
 place of concealment. " Quia 
 SUbeant eo animalia ut late- 
 ant." V. " Dusmoso in loco" 
 for " dumoso in loco" is quoted 
 by Festus from Andronicus. % 
 Al. from hgvpbs, a forest; 
 . whence durmus, then dumus, 
 somewhat as from 'Eperpog is 
 Retmus, Remus. 
 
 Duo, two. Auo. 
 
 Duplex, duplicis, twofold, 
 double ; doubleminded, crafty. 
 Fr. duo ; plico, 1 fold, ^f Al. 
 from SiVXaf . 
 
 Duplus, double. Ai7r\ou$. 
 
 Durdteus, wooden. Aoupa.Teo$. 
 
 Durius, wooden. Aovpiog. 
 
 Dwo, I harden ; am hardy or 
 strong ; stand firm, bear up. 
 Fr. durus. " Hebr. dor, duravit ; 
 Germ, dauren, durare." W. 
 
 Durus, hard. That is, hard 
 like (dovgu) timber, ^f Al. from 
 the North. The Welsh deivr is 
 bold, hardy, 1 allied to our Dare. 
 Iceland, thor is boldness. 4 In- 
 deed Gr. Qovpog is bold. But 
 these are only secondary senses 
 of Durus. 5 
 
 Dux, ducis, a leader, general. 
 Fr. duco, duxi. 
 
 Dynastes, Dynasta, a lord, 
 ruler. Awuvtyis. 
 
 E. 
 
 E, from. For ex, as A for Ab. 
 
 Ea: See Appendix. 
 
 Eapse, she herself. For ea 
 ipsa. Or pse is Gr. \[/e. 
 
 Ebenus, the ebon tree ; ebony. 
 "E(5svo$. 
 
 Ebrius, drunk. Fr. bria, a 
 cup. As we speak of a person 
 in his cups. E seems to 
 strengthen the sense, as in 
 Edomo, Emunio. Others ex- 
 plain ebrius, one who has 
 drunk deeply (£ brio) out of his 
 
 1 Wachter in Darfen and Abenteur. 
 
 2 Wachter in Abenteur. 
 
 3 " Fr. dvepbs, fr. 5ufy, calamity," says 
 Haigh. 
 
132 
 
 EBU- 
 
 EDO 
 
 cup. Thus Sobrius is referred 
 to Seorsim and Bria. % Al. 
 from ebibrius fr. ebibo. Or 
 from ebibere, ebibre. 
 
 Ebulus, 
 
 Ebur, ivory. Fr. l\£$xc, an 
 elephant; abbrev. e£ar, ephar, 
 (as arboS, arboR,) ebar, (as 
 ap<Poo, amBo,); then ebur, as 
 from r\itAp, yxAp is jecUr. ^f Al. 
 from e barro, from an elephant. 
 But E in ebur is short. 
 
 Ecastor, by Castor ! For en ! 
 Castor! Castor, be witness. 
 ^f Or for " per adem Castoris." 
 As it is written also JEcastor. 
 See Edepol. 1 
 
 Ecca, see here she is. For 
 ecce ea. 
 
 Ecce, behold ! For ence from 
 en. As Hie, Hicce. a 
 
 Ecctre, Ecere, by Ceres ! 
 For En! Ceres! As Ence, 
 Ecce. See Ecastor. It is sup- 
 posed to mean sometimes Ecce 
 res or Ecce rem. See ! behold ! 
 
 Ecclesia, an assembly, con- 
 gregation. s 'Exx\r)o-la. 
 
 Ecdicus, the solicitor of a 
 community. "Extiixoc. 
 
 Ecfero, same as Effero. J Ex- 
 <pspw. 
 
 EcMneis, a small fish, which, 
 by sticking to the rudder or keel 
 of a vessel, was supposed to 
 stop its sailing. 'JEJ^evjjif. 
 
 Echidna, a female viper. 
 "Ey&vct.. 
 
 Echinus, a sea-urchin ; hedge- 
 hog ; the rough prickly rind of 
 
 chestnuts. Also, a vase or 
 vessel. 'E^ivoj. 
 
 Echo, Echo. *Hyjo, 
 
 Eclipsis, an eclipse. "ExXsi- 
 
 Ecloga, a select piece or 
 small poem, an eclogue. 'ExAoyij. 
 
 Eclogarius, a book consist- 
 ing (ixAoy&v) of selections. Or 
 one whe writes or reads (IkXo- 
 yu$) selections. 
 
 Ecqnis? who? For ecce 
 quis, or en quis? Or for et 
 quis ? 
 
 Ecstasis, ecstacy. "ExorTa<n$. 
 
 Ectypus, embossed. "Ektv- 
 
 7T0$. 
 
 Edentulus, with few or no 
 teeth. From e and dentes. One 
 whose teeth are out. Vinum 
 edentulum in Plautus is very 
 old wine, in allusion to old men 
 who have lost their teeth, or in al- 
 lusion to the passage of Alexis : 
 Olvov tov 'JTuXaiOTUTOV (T7rou8a£o- 
 jifcsv, on OT AAKNEI ct\\<x \Kol- 
 
 pOUC TTOlfl. 
 
 Edepol, Mdtpol, by Pollux ! 
 For " per ad em Pollucis." 
 ^f Or for en! Deus Pollux! 
 Pollux, be witness. 3 
 
 Editus, high, lofty. Fr. edo. 
 That is, brought out into view, 
 fully exhibited, prominently 
 manifested. 
 
 "Edo, I eat. "Eta, 
 
 'Edo, I give out, put forth, 
 yield, produce ; set forth, de- 
 clare. From e and do. 
 
 Edomo, I utterly subdue. E, 
 as we say To fight it out, To 
 
 1 Al. for mecastor. See Mediusfidius. 
 % Al. for necastor from vfy, by. 
 
 2 Al. from efce?, there. All from t/ccure, 
 («'/cere,) there. 
 
 3 Al.for me Deus Pollux. See Medius- 
 fidius. If Al. for ve Deum Pollucem. 
 Ne from v)}, by. 
 
EDU- 
 
 ELE 
 
 13: 
 
 see it out, To beat a person 
 out and out. So Gr. two- 
 Xepeoo, exnovscio, &c 
 
 Educo, as, I bring forward, 
 bring up, nurture. Fr. duco. 
 % A I. from dux f ducis. 
 
 Edy Ilium, Idylliutn, an idyl, 
 short pastoral poem. EMvWiov. 
 
 Effertus, crammed. For ef- 
 fartus fr. far do, farturn. 
 
 Effetus, worn out by bringing 
 forth (factum) young; exhausted. 
 So Effleo in Quintilian : " Totos 
 efflevit oculos." Or, not capable 
 of bringing forth. Ex, far from. 
 
 Efficax, effectual. Fr. effi- 
 ciO) effacio. Having much 
 power in doing anything. So 
 Audax. 
 
 Effigies, an image. Fr. effi- 
 go, effingo. % Al. for efficies fr. 
 efficio. 
 
 Efflictim, desperately. Adeo 
 ut aliquis sit efflictus. 
 
 Effutio : See Futilis. 
 
 Egenus, needy. Fr t egeo. 
 
 Egeo : See Appendix. 
 
 Egestas, want. Fr. egeo. 
 Somewhat like Tempestas. 
 
 Ego, I. 'Eyoo. 
 
 Egregius, eminent, surpass- 
 ing. One chosen (egrege) out of 
 the flock, or apart from the flock. 
 
 Ehe or Hehe, ah ! From 1 1, 
 alas alas ! 
 
 Ehem, hah ! From hem, or 
 allied to it. 
 
 Eheu, alas ! From heuheu, he- 
 heu. Or e may be from Gr. e, 
 alas. The Greeks might say I, 
 <pev. Or e may be added to give 
 force to heu. 
 
 Eho, ho, holla ! From the 
 sound, as our ho, and the Welsh 
 ho ! The Greek w, being not 
 
 aspirated, is scarcely applicable. 
 
 Eia, Eja, ho ! away ! on ! 
 EU. 
 
 Ejulo, I wail. From hei, 
 alas ; whence heiulo, (as Postu- 
 lo, Ustulo ; see Jubilo,) then 
 hejulo, (as ejus for el us, eja 
 for eia,) and for softness ejulo. 
 % Al. for eiulo fr. l$o§, (>|Voj,) 
 doleful. 1 
 
 Ejuro, I give up, renounce or 
 resign, swearing that I have dis- 
 charged my duty. 
 
 Ejus, of him. For eius (as 
 eia, eja,) gen. of eus, (whence 
 ea,) as from Alterus (that is, 
 Alter) is Alterius. 
 
 Elecebra, a coaxer, wheedler. 
 Fr. elacio. So Illacio, Illicio, 
 Illecebra. 
 
 Electaria, electuaries, mede- 
 cines which dissolve in the 
 mouth. From exAsixra. As 
 from Emissa is Emissarius. 
 
 Electa, I wheedle. Fr. eli- 
 cio, electum, the same as Illicio. 
 
 Electrum, amber. */JAsx- 
 
 TpOV. 
 
 'EUgans, choice, nice, dainty; 
 fine, neat, elegant. Fr. elego, 
 I pick out, choose. Elego 
 seems to be here of the first 
 conjugation, as Praedico from 
 Dico ; Educo from Duco. In 
 ancient MSS. we find EUgans. 
 
 Eltge'ia, Elegta, an elegy. 
 'EXeysltz. 
 
 Elegus, an elegy. "EAsyof. 
 
 Eleleides, Bacchanals. From 
 'EXeksus, 'EXeXsog, Bacchus. 
 
 Elementa, first principles, 
 
 1 Al. from eheu, whence eheulo or ehu- 
 lo ; hence ejulo, as from IJTrap, %Kap, 
 Hecar is Jecur. 
 
134 
 
 ELE 
 
 •EMB 
 
 elements of things. For ole- 
 menta (as gEnu from yOvv) fr. 
 oleo, to grow ; or for alementa 
 fr. aleo, whence coaleo. " Quia 
 inde omnia crescunt et nascun- 
 tur." V. f Al. from a word 
 eleo, the same as oleo and aleo. 
 
 Elenchus, the index, or sylla- 
 bus of a book. Fr. eAsy^os, a 
 specimen. 
 
 Elenchus, a large pearl ob- 
 long- like a pear. Fr. sksy^os. 
 "Not because, as some say, 
 they are (e\ey%o§) a proof of 
 nobility ; but because they re- 
 semble in figure the labels or 
 billets 1 put on casks to mark 
 the age of the wine/' V. 
 
 Elephantus, Elephas, antis, 
 an elephant. 'EXeQcts. 
 
 Elephas, the elephantiasis, a 
 kind of leprosy. From its cov- 
 ering the skin with incrustations 
 like those on the hide of an (e/e- 
 phas) elephant. 
 
 Eleutheria, feasts kept by 
 slaves when set at liberty, in 
 honor of Jupiter Eleutherius. 
 y E\ev$sgict. 
 
 Elices, gutters intended (eli- 
 cere) to carry off water. 
 
 EUcio, 1 draw forth, fetch 
 out, elicit. Fr. lacio. 
 
 Elido, I crush, squeeze. Fr. 
 Icedo, I hurt ; like Collido. E 
 increases the force. See Edo- 
 mo. 
 
 Elimino, I publish abroad ; 
 i. e. (procul h limine) far from 
 my threshold. 
 
 1 Petronius : (i Amphorae allatae qua- 
 rura in cervicibus pittacia erant affixa 
 cum hoc titulo : Falernum Opiroiamum 
 annorum centum." 
 
 Elixus, boiled down. Fr. 
 elicio, elicsi or elixi, elixum, I 
 draw out, force out. That is, 
 having the virtues or properties 
 drawn out by boiling, ^f Or 
 from liqueo, to melt ; pf. licsi, 
 lixi, lixum. Or fr. liquor, eris, 
 part, liqsus, lixus. 
 
 Ellychnium, a wick. 'EMu^- 
 
 VIOV. 
 
 ElocOf immediately. That 
 is, from this very place. Plau- 
 tus : " Nunc ex hoc loco ibo." 
 The Greeks say auToQsv. See 
 Illico. 
 
 Elops, Helops, some fish. 
 "Ehcjoty, sXKooty. 
 
 Elogium, a brief saying or 
 sentence, a title, inscription, tes- 
 timonial in praise or otherwise. 
 For eclogium fr. exXoyew, same 
 as iKkoyltypui, I count over. 
 5f Al. for ellogium fr. eWoysoo, 
 I put down into my accounts, 
 take an account of. ^f Or 
 from hxXoyelov, a selection. As 
 being a selection of the most 
 prominent features of a person's 
 character. 
 
 Eloquens, eloquent. That 
 is, speaking out clearly and 
 plainly. 
 
 Elucus: See Appendix. 
 
 Elutrio, I cleanse by pouring 
 from one vessel to another. Fr. 
 elutus, washed, cleansed. 
 
 Eluvies, a sewer; torrent. 
 As {eluens) washing away filth. 
 See Colluvies. 
 
 Elysium, Elysium. 'H\6<riov. 
 
 Em, for eum. If It seems 
 allied to Goth, imma, Engl. 
 him. 
 
 Emblema, mosaic work in- 
 laid with pebbles of different 
 
EMB- 
 
 ENC 
 
 135 
 
 sizes and colors ; an ornamental 
 figure fixed to gold or silver 
 vases. "EpPXyipot. 
 
 Embolimceus, intercalary. 
 'EpfioXipouos. 
 
 Embolium and Emboliarius. 
 Greek words. See Forcellini 
 ad voce. 
 
 Embractum, panada or cau- 
 dle. For emphractum, (as a/x,<P«>, 
 am Bo; and some read emphrac- 
 tum,) fr. sfjiippixxTOv. "Ut in- 
 telligatur impeusa ex rebus ad- 
 mixtis et coactis atque obdura- 
 tis ; ab h^puTroi, sfA7re$gcixToii, 
 obstruo, obturo, infercio." F. 1 
 
 Emendo, I emend. That is, 
 I clear (e mendis) from faults. 
 
 Emico, I spring forth. For- 
 cellini defines Mico "crebro 
 celerique motu agitor, subsilio." 
 
 Ernineo, I stand out or over, 
 appear aloft, am conspicuous. 
 For emarieo. So Exsto, I stand 
 out. Ovid : " Signis exstanti- 
 bus asper Crater." So Promi- 
 nens. % Or from mineo. 
 
 Eminus, from a distance. 
 Cominus is said, when we fight 
 hand to hand. Eminus, when 
 we fling our weapon (e manu) 
 from our hand. " Gladius a 
 manu non recedit, lancea e ma- 
 nibus emittitur." F. 
 
 Emissarius, a spy. That is, 
 one (emissus) sent out, commis- 
 sioned. 
 
 Emo, I take, as in Demo, 
 Adimo, Promo, Interimo. Also, 
 1 buy. Fr. s/aoj, mine ; whence 
 epoca, ljw,w, I make mine, take to 
 
 1 Wachter derives it from the Germ. 
 einbrocken, " intritum facere." Which is 
 allied to our broken. 
 
 myself by purchase or otherwise. 
 So from <r<psTepo$ is o~<per?gi'£a>, 
 to make one's own. % Al. 
 from ctfAotco, Stpw, I reap, gather. 
 
 Emolior, I accomplish. See 
 Molior. E as in Edomo. 
 
 Emolumentum, labor and ex- 
 pense. From e and molimen- 
 tum. 
 
 Emolumentum, profit, ad- 
 vantage. From emolo, or from 
 e mold. As derived from 
 grinding. The grist of a mill. 
 Hence transferred to any gain. 
 ^f AI. from emolior. As arising 
 from much toil and labor. But 
 the first O in emolior is long. 
 
 Emphasis, emphasis. *Ejx- 
 
 Emphyteusis, the renting of 
 land upon condition to plant it. 
 Fr. ijx£ureu(7/£, the act of plant- 
 ing. 
 
 Empericus, an empiric. 'Ejx- 
 
 7TSipiX0§. 
 
 Emplastrum, a plaster, salve ; 
 a plaster of clay or wax to lay 
 on a graft ; whence emplastrare 
 is to graft. "EfinXourTpov. 
 
 Emporetica charta, coarse 
 paper used by merchants in 
 packing goods. Fr. Iprog^TiJoj, 
 used by merchants. 
 
 Emporium, a mart. 'Epno- 
 giov» 
 
 Emporus, a merchant. "E/a- 
 
 7T0p0$. 
 
 Emuncta naris homo, a man 
 of a correct taste. " Quia 
 emuncta nares acutius distinc- 
 tiusque odorantur." F. 
 En, behold ! From yjvL 
 Encaustus, a kind of picture 
 done with fire. Fr. syxcLV<TTb$, 
 burnt in. 
 
136 
 
 END 
 
 EPI 
 
 Endo, in. Fr. svhov, within. 
 
 Endoptrator, the same as 
 imperator ; endo being the same 
 as in. 
 
 Endromis, a coarse shaggy 
 garment, worn after gymnastic 
 exercises. 'Evdpo[xig. 
 
 Engondsi, the name of a con- 
 stellation. From h yovcuri, on 
 his knees. Maniiius: " Nixa 
 genu, et Graio nomine dicta 
 Engonasi." 
 
 Enim, for. For etnam, as 
 the Latins say also Namque, 
 and the Greeks xoti y&q. Et- 
 nam becomes etnim, some- 
 what as comAnus, emAnus be- 
 come com Inns, emlnus. So 
 cAdo, accldo; &c* Then enim. 
 
 Ennosigceus, Neptune. 'Ev- 
 voaiyaios. 
 
 Enormis, (e) out of all just 
 (norma) rule and proportion, 
 unsymmetrical, huge, enormous. 
 
 Ens, entis, being. Fr. sip), 
 I am ; particip. gfc, eWo$. 2 
 
 Ensis, a sword. Fr. sy^oc, 
 which is not only a spear, but 
 a sword. 3 From enchis is enhis, 
 as veCHo became vetlo. Enhis, 
 ensis, as A E£, Hex, becomes 
 Sex. Thus from Xuityi, Cha?ta, 
 is Haeta, Seta. 
 
 Entheatus, divinely inspired. 
 Fr. hQsxTog fr. evQeaoo. whence 
 evQeoL^oo. Or fir. eniheo, a verb 
 formed fr. entheus. 
 
 Entheca, a coffer, repository. 
 'EvQfjxYi. 
 
 ' Haigh : " From afirjv, certainly ; 
 transp. avfifx." But afirjv was of very 
 late introduction into the Greek language. 
 
 * Al. for ons, ontis, fr. &v, ovros. 
 
 3 Brunck ad Soph. A]. 658. 
 
 Entheus, inspired. "Evkoc. 
 
 Enucleo, I take (e) out («w- 
 clenm) the kernel. Hence, I 
 explain subtilely or logically ; 
 i. e. divest an argument of the 
 difficulties which cover it. 
 
 Enjjo, Bellona. 'Eww. 
 
 Eo, I go. v E«j, whence slpi. 
 
 Ed, thither. That is, in eo 
 loco. As we say There for 
 Thither. So Quo is Whither. 
 The Greeks say ol and noi, i. e. 
 6i, 7To t , i. e eo, ircS, which agree 
 with Eo and Quo. 
 
 Eos, the morning. 'Hcb$. 
 
 Eons, eastern. 'Hwog. 
 
 Ephalmator, a leaper. Fr. 
 aXpot, e$u\[t.u, a leaping. 
 
 Ephebus, a youth. * ' E<pf\- 
 
 fai 
 
 Ephemeris, a journal. 'E$>j- 
 
 Ephippium, a horse-cloth. 
 
 ' Etpiimiov. 
 
 Ephori, Spartan magistrates. 
 "Etpopoi. 
 
 Epibata, marines. 'E7r*/3a- 
 
 TCtl. 
 
 Epicaznus, common. *Eiei~ 
 
 xoivog. 
 
 Epicus, epic. 'Enixog. 
 
 Epigramma, an inscription ; 
 short poem or epigram. 'Evt- 
 ypctpfjioi. 
 
 Eptlogus, a winding up of 
 a speech or play. 'EniXoyog. 
 
 Epimenia, monthly presents. 
 'E7nfj(,y)VHx doopoi. 
 
 Epiriicia, songs of victory. 
 'Enivlxicx.. 
 
 Epiphora, a defluxion of hu- 
 mors. 'Emfoga, 
 
 Epirhedium, the harness of a 
 cart. Fr. lit), upon ; and 
 rheda. 
 
EPI' 
 
 EUG 
 
 137 
 
 Episcopus, an overseer, go- 
 vernor, bishop. 'Evio-xoiros. 
 
 Epistola, an epistle. 'Enur- 
 toKyj, 
 
 Epitdphium, an epitaph. 'Em- 
 
 TOt^iQV. 
 
 Epitheton, an epithet. E nl- 
 
 QsTOV. 
 
 Epitome, an abridgment. 
 'Entropy. 
 
 Epityrum, a kind of salad. 
 'Mnfavpov. 
 
 Epiurus, a peg or pin. 'JSsl- 
 ovpog. 
 
 Epodos, an epode, a kind of 
 poem. 'E7rcp§o$. 
 
 Epops, a puet, plover. "£- 
 
 Epos, an epic poem. "Enog. 
 
 Epul&, victuals, food. For 
 edipula fr. edo 9 I eat. As from 
 Disco is Discipulus. ^f Al. 
 from sTTco, whence apipsncQ, &c, 
 I prepare. A preparation of 
 food. 
 
 Eques, a horseman. Fr. 
 equus. Adam : " The Equites 
 at first did not form a distinct 
 order in the state. When Ro- 
 mulus divided the people into 3 
 tribes, he chose from each tribe 
 100 young men, who should 
 serve on horseback and 
 guard his person. Tullus added 
 300 from the Albans. Tar- 
 quinius Priscus doubled their 
 number. It seems that the 
 Equites first began to be 
 reckoned a distinct order before 
 the expulsion of the Kings. Af- 
 ter this all those who served on 
 horseback were not properly 
 called Equites or Knights, but 
 such only as were chosen into 
 the Equestrian order, and pre- 
 Etym. 
 
 sented with a horse at the pub- 
 lic expence." 
 
 Equidem, indeed. For et 
 quidem. So Etenim is Et 
 enini. So Etsi, Etiam. Te- 
 rence : u Etquidem jubebit 
 posci." Etquidem easily be- 
 came equidem. ^f Al. for ego 
 quidem, as it is usually joined 
 with verbs of the first person. 
 But the sentences, in which it 
 is joined to the other persons, 
 oppose this derivation. 
 
 Equiso, a groom. Fr. equus. 
 
 Equus, a horse. Fr. »Wof, 
 iEol. *lxxo$, whence icquus, (as 
 XedJoo, liQUi,) iquus, equus. ^f 
 Al. from byjh, 1 carry as a horse ; 
 whence oquus, equus, as yOvu, 
 gEnu. 
 
 Eram, I was. Fr. sr\v, iEol. 
 sav, whence eRaM, as from 
 fjt,ov(racov is musaRuM. 
 
 Erdnus, a contribution, col- 
 lection for the indigent. *Ega- 
 vo$. 
 
 Erato, the Muse Erato. 
 
 ' Ep tXTUi. 
 
 Erebus, Erebus. *Ege(3o$. 
 Erernus, a desert. "Epilog. 
 Eres, litres, a hedge-hog. 
 
 Fr - %h> § en - XW°S> cheros, 
 whence /teres (as <Pev, Heu) 
 and eres. So Anser for 
 Chanser. 
 
 Eretria, a kind of ceruse. 
 As found about Eretria in Eu- 
 boea. 
 
 Erga, towards. Fr. opsyco, 
 (ogyco,) I tend towards. So 
 from "Ogo(3o$, (Op(3o$,) is Ervum. 
 Or thus : opsyoo, 'geyco, sgyco. 
 
 Ergastulum, a place where 
 slaves were made to work in 
 chains. Fr. eipytuiTcti pp. of 
 
138 
 
 ERG 
 
 ESC 
 
 hpya.%0fA.ai, I work, whence ep- 
 ya<TTY)piov. 
 
 Ergo, on account of, by rea- 
 son of. Ergo seems to be 
 allied to erga, towards ; and to 
 mean, with a view towards, in 
 regard to, with reference to. % 
 Others refer ergo to Gr. egycp : 
 but the application is not obvi- 
 ous. 
 
 Ergo, therefore. That is, 
 ergo hujus or cujus rei : on 
 account of this or which thing. 
 See ergo above, ^f Al. from 
 olpays u>v, (i. e. ouv) whence 
 apay oov, argo, N omitted as in 
 Plato from IlKaTooN. 1 
 
 Ericius, Hericius, Ereceus, a 
 hedgehog. Also, an engine of 
 war full of sharp spikes. Fr. 
 eres, heres. As from Pellis is 
 Pellicius and Pelliceus. 
 
 Erigo, I set straight up, set 
 upright, erect. Fr. rego, whence 
 rectus. 
 
 Erinaceus, Herinaceus, a 
 hedgehog. Fr. eres, heres; 
 whence erinus, (as Mare, Maris, 
 Marinus) whence erinaceus. 
 
 Erinnys, a Fury. y Epivvu$. 
 
 Ero, I will be. For eso, sq-oo 
 fut. of eco, I am, whence ecropai. 
 Esit for erit is in the Twelve 
 Tables. If Or from IVoj, Iw 
 (as vo/juVw, voju,iw), whence eRo, 
 as vvos, nuRus ; svco, uRo. % 
 Or ero was formed from eram 
 on the model of Amabam, 
 Amabo. 
 
 Erogo, I lay out, expend. 
 Fr. rogo. Properly, 1 make a 
 motion in the Senate for laying 
 
 1 Al. from (y) £p7y, by which thing. 
 
 out the public money. Com- 
 pare Abrogo, Derogo, Prorogo. 
 
 Erro, I stray, wander up and 
 down, wander about ; stray, 
 err. Properly, I go ill, I go 
 wrong, and hence I go out of 
 my way. Fr. Bppco. 2, Jn Horn. 
 II. <r, 421, sppoov is translated by 
 Damm " asgre gradiens." And 
 in Od. x, 72, type he translates 
 " facesse hinc ocyus in rnalam 
 rem." ^f Wachter notices 
 Germ, irren, to wander. 
 
 Eruca, 
 
 Eructo, I belch. Fr. ypeuxTcti 
 pp. of kpevyw. 
 
 Erudio, I instruct. E rudi 
 doctum facio. 
 
 Ervum, a vetch. Fr. ogo/3o£, 
 opfios, whence orvus, orvum, then 
 ervum, somewhat as from yOvv 
 is gEuu. "Germ, erbs, erbes, 
 erbis, Belg. erwet." W. 
 
 Erythrinus, Erythmus, a 
 roach. 'EpuQpho$. 
 
 Es, thou art. Fr. el$. % Al. 
 for esis. See Sum. ^f Al. 
 from so-y, as Sum from "Ero- 
 
 [JLUl. 
 
 Esca, food. Fr. esum su- 
 pine of edo, 1 eat. Hence esica, 
 esca, as Manus, Manica; and 
 Manus, Manicus, Mancus. 
 5T Al. for vesca fr. vescor. ^f Al. 
 from earxa), from a». That by 
 which I exist, ^f The Anglo- 
 Sax, as was f* esca/' 3 
 
 Escit, or (as Faber reads) 
 Escet, shall be ; in Lucret. I, 
 6 6 20. Fr. €<7x.o), I am. 
 
 Esculus. See JEsculus. 
 
 2 Dormegan translates e/3/5a>, " I wan- 
 der about in sorrow or mournfully." 
 
 3 Wachter in As. 
 
ESI- 
 
 ETY 
 
 139 
 
 Esito, I eat often. Fr. edo, 
 esum. 
 
 Esox, Isox, a large fish found 
 in the Rhone, "Jcro£ is in Hesy- 
 chius. Yet these are probably 
 Gallic words. 
 
 Esse, to be. Contracted 
 from ecra-60-Qoti, * f futurum esse." 
 Herodotus has ra piWovra e<rs(r- 
 Qai, where eoso-Qcti is esse, ^f Al. 
 from essem, as formed on the 
 model of Amarem, Amare. % 
 Jamieson refers to Belg. wee- 
 sen, Anglo-Sax. wesan. 
 
 Esseda, a war-chariot used 
 by the Belgae and the Britons. 
 Virgil: " Belgica vel molli 
 melius feret esseda collo." Pro- 
 pertius : (( Esseda caelatis siste 
 Britanna jugis." Of course 
 therefore a northern word. 1 
 
 Essem, I should be. Fr. 
 6<rcro»/x»jv, or an active form 
 sWojju,», eWoia', essoem, essem. 7. 
 
 Essentia, the being or essence 
 of anything. Fr. esse, whence 
 a new participle essens, essentis. 
 ^f Al. for exentia, (ecsentia,) 
 from ex and ens, ends. 
 
 Est, he is. Fr. Iht(. ^ Al. 
 for esit. See Sum. 
 
 Est, , he eats ; estis, ye eat. 
 Perhaps, after edis was con- 
 tracted into es, edit and editis 
 were changed to est and estis, 
 after the example of Es, Est, 
 
 1 " Apud Bel gas, ait De laCerda, 
 nunc quoque hissen est incitare ad cur- 
 sura ; et his essedum est hessichdum, quo 
 sermone etiamnum aurigse Belgici utun- 
 tur." Bailey. 
 
 2 Jamieson states the analogy between 
 the Latin and the Mceso-Gothic : Essem, 
 wesj-din ; esses, weseis; esset, wes-ei ; 
 essem-us, weseim-a; esset-is, weseith; 
 essent, wesein-n. 
 
 Estis, of the verb Sum. Scheller 
 says : " Edo, I eat, takes all 
 the personal terminations of the 
 verb Sum, which begin or end 
 in es." 
 
 Estrix, a woman who is a 
 great eater. Fr. estum supine 
 of edo, I eat. See Estus. 
 
 Estus, eaten. As Comedo, 
 Comestus. Fr. edo, edsi, edsum, 
 etsum, transp. estum. % Or 
 fr. e§«>, pp. earroLi, whence vvj- 
 e<m$ 9 vvi<rTi$, one who has not 
 eaten, hungry. 
 
 Esuries, hunger. Fr. esurio. 
 
 Esurio, I am hungry. Fr. 
 esurus from edo. I will to eat. 
 As from §pu<rui is dpcMreico. 
 
 Et, aud, also. Transposed 
 from ts. % Or from hi, er , 
 yet further. 
 
 Et, even. This sense comes 
 from that of Also. Cicero: 
 " Qudm salutares non modo 
 hominum, sed etiam pecudum 
 generi." This sense agrees 
 well with h%% yet further, still 
 more. 
 
 Etenim, for. Et enim. Kctiyap. 
 
 Etesice, periodical winds. 
 'Etyio-Ioli. 
 
 Ethicus, relating to morals. 
 -Hkkd§* 
 
 Ethnicus, heathen. 'EQvixo$. 
 
 Ethos, ethics. *H0o$. 
 
 Etiam, also, likewise. For 
 etjam, and now, now further. 
 So Quonjam, Quoniam. 
 
 Etiamsi, even if. The same 
 as Etsi. 
 
 Etiamtnm, even then. That 
 is, at that time also. 
 
 Etsi, even if. As Gr. s\ xoti. 
 
 Etymon, the true origin of a 
 word. From srvpov, true, real. 
 
140 
 
 EU- 
 
 •EXA 
 
 Eu, well done ! El. 
 
 Evan, Bacchus. For Euan, 
 Evclv. 
 
 Evangtlium, the Gospel. 
 Evtxyyekiov. 
 
 Evax, hurra, huzza. For 
 euax, fr. eya|fa> fut. of ev<x%co, I 
 cry out Bacchus. 
 
 Eventus, an event. Fr. eve- 
 nio, eventum. That which 
 happens. 
 
 Everganea : See Appendix. 
 
 Everriculum, a draw or drag 
 net. Fr. everro, as sweeping 
 clean away. Camden uses the 
 word Sweep-net. SoTerriculum. 
 
 Euge, bravo ! Elys. 
 
 Eugenics, Eugeneae, an ex- 
 cellent sort of grapes. Fr. svysvsi- 
 cti plural of svyevsia, nobleness. 
 
 Eugepa, much the same as 
 euge. P(B is vy, mji, " quodam- 
 modo." Some write Eugepce 
 from 7rco, ttoi. 
 
 Eugium : See Appendix. 
 
 Evtdens, manifest. Qui 
 aperte videtur. See Edomo. 
 
 Evius, Bacchus, Evio$. 
 
 Eumenides, the Furies. Eu- 
 pevlfeg. 
 
 Eunuckus, a eunuch. Ev- 
 
 Euai, Evoe, a cry of the Bac- 
 chanals. Evoi. 
 
 Eurlpus, the strait between 
 Aulis and Eubcea, remarkable 
 for an irregular ebb and flow of 
 its tide. Hence used for any 
 strait, a moat, aqueduct, &c. 
 
 Evpl7T0$. 
 
 Eurus, the south-east wind. 
 Evpog. 
 
 Euterpe, one of the muses. 
 
 Ex, from. '££. 
 
 Ex — , (in composition,) tho- 
 roughly. See Edomo. 
 
 Exactus, perfectly done, ac- 
 curately done. Participle of 
 exigo, I carry through. Ex, as 
 E in Edomo. 
 
 Exagoga, an exportation of 
 goods. 'E%<xyooyY). Also, an 
 exporter of goods. 'Efaycoyeuj. 
 
 Examen, a swarm of bees. 
 Fr. e^apuet, fr. i£>jju,ju,ai pp. of 
 IfaTTTcy, I join or hang to, ap- 
 pend. As hanging to one an- 
 other, or joined together. So 
 Apes from Apio. ^[ Or exa- 
 men is for exapimen fr. exapio, 
 the same as e%cmTW. % Or ex- 
 aminis is the foundation of the 
 substantive, fr. e%ay,psvov. 
 
 Examen, the beam of a 
 balance. As that from which 
 the scales are appended. Virgil: 
 " Jupiter ipse duas aequato ex- 
 amine lances Sustinet." Hence 
 it means a test, trial, examin- 
 ation. Examen is fr. l£a7JTco 
 or exapio, I append, connect. 
 See above. Pliny has " Ex 
 quo pendeant exapta catenis 
 tintinnabula," connected by 
 chains. 
 
 Examino, I examine. See 
 the second Examen. 
 
 Exantlo, I empty, exhaust; 
 I bear, endure. 'EgavTheoo, s£- 
 avT\t», in both senses. % Some 
 write exanclo, for exanculo, fr. 
 anculo (whence ancula and an- 
 cilia), 1 attend upon, serve. 
 
 Exaspero, I provoke, exas- 
 perate. That is, I make (as- 
 peruni) sharp in temper. 
 
 Exauctoro, I dismiss from 
 military service. The contrary 
 to auctoro. 
 
EXC 
 
 EXl 
 
 141 
 
 Excanto, I charm anything 
 by song (ex) out of its place. 
 
 Excellens, excellent. See Ex- 
 cello. 
 
 Excello, I excel, outdo. Fr. 
 cello, 1 drive or urge forward. 
 Said properly of one person in 
 a row moving out of it and 
 getting before the rest. Or 
 said properly of one raised high 
 above others. See Excelsus. 
 
 Excelsus, high. Fr. celsum 
 supine of cello, I drive, move. 
 Moving up. Compare Editus, 
 high. 
 
 Excetra, 
 
 Excidium, ruin. Fr. excido, 
 I fall. 
 
 Excrementum, the refuse of 
 the sieve ; bran. Refuse, ex- 
 crement. For excretimentum 
 fr. excretum sup. of excemo, I 
 sift. Or for exceruimentum, 
 excremmentum, excreimentum, 
 as Superrimus, Supreimus, Su- 
 premus. 
 
 Excubice, watches by night, 
 and (improperly) by day. Fr. 
 excubo. 
 
 Excubo, I lie out of doors 
 all night ; keep guard. 
 
 Excuso, I excuse. For ex- 
 causo. I allege an excuse in 
 order to repel a charge. See 
 Causor. 
 
 Excutio, I shake off. For 
 exqutio, exquatio. 
 
 Execror, I execrate. For 
 exsecror, exsacror. I give up 
 as (sacrum) devoted to the wrath 
 of Heaven. 
 , Exedra, a hall, piazza. '££- 
 
 Exemplum, a sample, exam- 
 ple ; copy, model. Fr. eximo, 
 
 exemi, I take out, I select, as in 
 Eximius. Whence exemulum, 
 exemlum, exemplum. So tem- 
 Plum, and so <rl[x.B\ov, a hive, 
 for <ri[x\ov fr. cn/xa», bees. So 
 [xsa-Yi^Bplcn, and French nomBre 
 (whence our Number,) for 
 " nomre," concomBre for " con- 
 comre." Or from exemptum, 
 whence exemptulum, exemptlum, 
 exemplum. ^f Al. for examplum 
 fr. ex amplo. As taken out of 
 a large quantity. 
 
 Exentero, 1 disembowel. Fr. 
 e%£VTeg$vw, or a word IJevreglw, 
 
 CO. 
 
 Exerceo, 1 train, practise. 
 Soft for exergeo (as pio-rea), 
 misCeo,) fr. e%sgysoo, I work a 
 person, fr. egyov, work, ^f Al. 
 for exarceo. " Quia, quae ex- 
 erceniur seu excoluntur, sub 
 certa lege ac ratione co'ercentur 
 continenturque." F. 
 
 Exercitus, an army. Parti- 
 ciple of exerceo. As being 
 trained and exercised. Nepos : 
 " Effecit ut exercitatissimum ha- 
 beret exercitum." 
 
 Exero, I put or thrust forth. 
 Fr. kgelpa), fut. egepm. As in 
 Aristoph. : Tyjv yXcacrcrav etjelgotv- 
 re$. % Or, as exero is written 
 ^ also exsero, fr. sero, formed from 
 spco, whence epvoo, I draw ; and 
 whence egelpco above. That is, 
 I draw out. So Avienus uses 
 Prosero, to put forth. Hence 
 also Prsesertim. 
 
 Exhibeo, I hold out, hold 
 forth, display, exhibit. For 
 exhabeo. 
 
 Exigo, I exact, demand, en- 
 force. Fr. exago, I thrust or 
 force out. 
 
142 
 
 EXI' 
 
 EXP 
 
 Exiguus, slender, slight, small. 
 Fr. exigo, (as Ambigo, Ambi- 
 guus,) 1 drive out, beat out. As 
 eXot^vs fr. sXaco, I drive, pf. 
 eXoLxa. ; or fr. lAaJJco, pf. eXx^a. 
 ^f Al. for exicuus (as aniurCa 
 from apoprol) fr. exseco, execo, 
 exico, exicui, whence exicuus. 
 Cut thin. So Mutuus. 
 
 Exilis, faint, slight, slender, 
 small. For exiilis fr. exii pf. of 
 exeo ; or for exitilis fr. exitum 
 supine of exeo, I pass away, 
 become evanescent. Somewhat 
 as If/njAoj,- fading, from If/co, 
 s£jraj ; and Exitium from Exeo. 
 Cicero: " Nolo verba exiliter 
 exanimata exire" % A\. for 
 exigilis, (exiilis, exilis,) fr. exigo, 
 whence Exiguus, which see. ^f 
 Al. for exsecilis fr. exseco, to cut 
 thin ; whence execilis, exeilis, 
 exilis. % Al. for exinilis fr. 
 ince. From the fibres wasting 
 away. 1 
 
 Exilium, banishment. For 
 exulium fr. exul, exulis. % Al. 
 from exilio, exsilio, I escape, 
 fly away, fly. 
 
 Eximius, choice, excellent. 
 Fr. exemo, eximo, I choose out 
 from others. 
 
 Exin, from thence. For ex- 
 inde. So Dein. 
 
 Existo, I stand out, stand 
 forth, appear, rise into being. 
 For exsisto. 
 
 Existimo, I judge, repute. 
 For ex&stimo. 
 
 Exitium, ruin, destruction. 
 
 1 Hill: " Exilis comes most probably 
 from ex and He ; intimating the small- 
 ness of the flank ; and, of course, the 
 comparative thinness of the animal to 
 which it is applied." 
 
 For exeo, exitum, to go out, 
 expire. As we speak of a can- 
 dle going out. So !£/t>)Ao£, 
 fading, from ifyrcu pp. of s£lco. 
 
 Exochddium, tuberculum in 
 ano. Ab Vc,oy)\, eminentia. 
 
 Exodium, a dramatic enter- 
 tainment introduced at the end 
 of a play. \E£o'8iov. 
 
 Exoleo, Exblesco, I fade, 
 grow out of date. As contrary 
 to oleo, I grow. % Or fr. 
 egoXsco, I waste away. 
 
 Exorcismus, Exorcista, Ex- 
 orcizo. Greek words. 
 
 Exoro, I gain by entreaty. 
 Ex, as E in Edomo. 
 
 Exostra, a machine used on 
 the stage, which by turning 
 round exposed a change of 
 scene. Also, a bridge suddenly 
 thrust from a wooden tower on 
 the wall of a besieged city. 
 'E%oo<rTpot. 
 
 Exoticus, foreign. 'E%corixo;, 
 
 Expedio, I disentangle, rid ; 
 I rid a thing from its difficulties, 
 dispatch, accomplish ; get ready 
 necessaries for an army, furnish, 
 equip. That is, I take my (pe- 
 dem) foot (ex) out of confine- 
 ment. Contrary to Impedio. 
 
 Expeditio, a military expedi- 
 tion. Fr. expedio, I equip. 
 
 Expendo, I lay out, expend. 
 Properly, I pay out of my re- 
 sources, pay away. 
 
 Expensa, charge, cost. Fr. 
 expendo, expensum. 
 
 Expergiscor, I awake. Fr. 
 expergo. 
 
 Expergo, I rouse, excite. 
 Fr. pergo, I go, proceed ; 
 actively, i make to go or pro- 
 ceed. 
 
EXP- 
 
 EXS 
 
 143 
 
 Experientia, trial, experi- 
 ence. Fr. experior ; part, ex- 
 periens, entis. 
 
 Experior, I try, attempt. 
 Fr. perior, which fr. irspS) fut. 
 of vreipca, I go through ; wheDce 
 Trsigaca, 7reipa) } I attempt. 
 
 Expers, void of, without, 
 destitute. For expars. Being 
 without any part in a concern. 
 Ovid : " Expert em frustra belli, 
 et neutra arma secutum." 
 
 Expcto, I light, fall. Livy : 
 f< Ut in eum omnes expetant 
 hujusce clades belli." Fr. irirco, 
 I fall ; whence m7rsToo, mnrco. 
 ^f Or fr. peto, I aim or tend 
 towards an object. 
 
 Expleo, I fill up. Fr. nXsw, 
 £7rAi50>jv, whence nXyjQco. 
 
 Explicit liber, the book is 
 finished. These words are often 
 put at the end of MSS. Ex- 
 plico is here of the third conju- 
 gation, and has a neuter sense. 
 Or perhaps explicit is shortly 
 written for t( Expiicitus est," 
 and should have a stop after it : 
 EXPLICIT. LIBER. Mar- 
 tial : " Versibus explicitum est 
 omne duobus opus." ^[ For- 
 cellini thinks the expression may 
 be better derived from ancient 
 works being folded up in 
 volumes, which it therefore was 
 necessary (explicare) to unfold 
 before they could be read. 
 
 Expltco, I dispatch, finish. 
 That is, I disentangle, (op- 
 posed to implico,) rid a thing 
 from its difficulties. 
 
 Exploro, I search diligently, 
 spy out. Properly, I ask of 
 a person with tears, like im- 
 ploro, I implore, beg. Hence, I 
 
 beg another to give me informa- 
 tion ; I enquire of or ask anxious- 
 ly. Silius : " Mentesque Deo- 
 rum Explorant super eventu." 
 Hence exploro means generally 
 to spy out, search into. Daram 
 explains epeevQai in Od. £, 298, 
 ei QUffiREKE interrogando." 
 Homer joins ju-STaPyArjcraj xa» 
 epeo-Qtxi. And Hesychius ex- 
 plains egectiv by IpcOTijcrcov, &jt>j- 
 orojy. 
 
 Expono, I explain, declare. 
 That is, I set forth. 
 
 Express^, explicitly, express- 
 ly. Said properly of things 
 forced out so as to be clear to 
 the sight. Tacitus : t€ Vestis 
 stricta et singulos artus expri- 
 mens." 
 
 Expungo, I efface, expunge. 
 Contrary to pungo, I prick 
 marks on wax with a stylus. 
 
 Exqiiisitus, choice, rare, ex- 
 quisite. That is, sought out. 
 For exquasitus. So e£ctiTo$ fr. 
 I£«/T£«;. 
 
 Exstquicd, Exequice, a funeral 
 procession; funeral solemnities. 
 Properly, a following to the 
 grave. Fr. sequor. 
 
 Exsero: See Exero. 
 
 Exsors, peculiar, extraordi- 
 nary. Virgil : " Exsortem du- 
 cere honorem." That is, which 
 is not made to depend on (sor- 
 tes) lots. Forcellini explains it, 
 "qui est extra sortem, qui sorti 
 non committitur." 
 
 Exspecto, I look out for, wait 
 for. Wachter explains it <e de 
 loco in locum prospicio." 
 
 Exstemo, I terrify. That is, 
 sterno mentem. So Consterno. 
 
 Exstingno, Extinguo, I put 
 
144 
 
 EXT- 
 
 FAB 
 
 out, efface, extinguish. Opposed 
 tostinguo, for stiguo, stigo fr. 
 <myu> fut. 2. of (tti^co, I prick ; 
 specially, I prick marks on wax 
 with a stylus. See Expungo. 
 ^f Al. from tinguo, tingo. As 
 said of fire drenched in water. 
 Ovid : " Tingere in amne faces." 
 
 Exta, the bowels. For ex- 
 secta, execta, excta. (t Quod 
 ea Diis prosecentur ," says Fes- 
 tus. Or " exsecentur" ^f Al. 
 from sfsra, cast forth; fr. eferaj 
 pp. of I Jew, ££/)}fM. 
 
 Extemplo, immediately. For 
 extemplo, from the (templum) 
 spot.. As " E loco" is immedi- 
 ately, ^f Or for extempulo, 
 from tempulum dimin. of tern- 
 pus. We use Extempore in a 
 different sense, but from a simi- 
 lar reason. If Vossius supposes 
 that it was said by the Priests 
 in the temple at the end of the 
 ceremonies: ExTemplo i.e.abs- 
 cedite ; as, they said Ilicet, that 
 is, Ire licet. And that, as per- 
 sons went immediately after this, 
 extemplo was used to mean im- 
 mediately. Perhaps they said 
 at full : " Ex templo ilicet." 
 
 Externum, I drive (ex termi- 
 nis) out of the boundaries. 
 
 Externus, outward. For ex- 
 terinus fr. extents. 
 
 Exterus, Exter, foreign. Fr. 
 h%wTsgo$, (e%Tepos) further out, 
 outer, -^f A\. from ex, as Sub, 
 Subter. ^f Others refer exter 
 to ex terra. 
 
 Extimus, the uttermost. For 
 exterrimus» So Inferrimus, In- 
 fimus. 
 
 Extorris, banished (ex terra) 
 out of the country. 
 
 Extra, without. For extern 
 parte. 
 
 Extremus, the utmost, last. 
 For exterrimus, extreimus. As 
 Superrimus, Supremus. 
 
 Extrico, I free (ex tricis) from 
 impediment. 
 
 Exubero, I abound, am very 
 fruitful. Fr. uber, uberis. See 
 Edomo. 
 
 Exul, exulis, banished. For 
 exsul. Banished (ex solo) from 
 the soil. Plautus : " Omnes 
 scelerati exules sunt, etiam si 
 solum non inutarunt." ^f Al. 
 from \%z\au), h%s\co, I banish. 
 , Exulto, 1 exult. For exsulto, 
 exsalto. I leap about for joy. 
 
 Exundo, 1 overflow. See 
 Abundo. 
 
 Exuo, I strip off. Fr. IJea>, 
 sffyjfc», I cast off. ^f Al. from 
 hduoo, I strip off. But through 
 what process ? Rather, the ind 
 in induo was considered to have 
 been the same as in, (as in In- 
 duperator,) then ex took its 
 place. 1 
 
 Exuvics, a cast off skin ; cast 
 off clothes; spoils stripped from 
 an enemy. Fr. exuo. As Diluo, 
 Diluvies. 
 
 Fdba: See Appendix. 
 
 Faber, a workman, artificer. 
 Forfaciber fr. facio. As Tu- 
 meo, Tumiber, Tuber ; Mulceo, 
 Mulciber. 
 
 1 Al. from ex suo. I strip a person (ex 
 suo) of his own. 
 
FAB- 
 
 •FAC 
 
 145 
 
 Fabrica, a workshop. Fr. 
 faber, fabri. 
 
 Fabrico, Fabricor, I forge, 
 frame. Fr. faber, fabri. 
 
 Fabula, a report, the subject 
 of common talk ; a tale, story, 
 fable. Fr. for, faris, to talk. 
 So Exoro, Exorabulum ; Figo, 
 Figibula, Fibula. 
 
 Facela, Fdcclare, a salad. 
 Fr. facio, I make up. A com- 
 position. As Loquor, Loquela ; 
 Queror, Querela. 
 
 Facesso, I do, perform. Fr. 
 facio. As Lacio, Lacesso ; 
 Capio, Capesso. 
 
 Facesso, I go away. Te- 
 rence : " Haec hinc facessat." 
 Where Donatus remarks : " Pro, 
 hinc sefaciat, i. e. abeat. Hue 
 se faciat, hue accedat, signifi- 
 cat." Or, "facesso hinc" is 
 "facio iter hinc." 
 
 Fdcetus, witty, facetious. Fr. 
 (paca, to speak ; as Dicax from 
 Dico. Cetus seems to be a 
 termination, somewhat as Cun- 
 dus in Facundus. 
 
 Fades, the visage, counte- 
 nance, face. Fr. facio, as Spe- 
 cies from Specio. That is, the 
 make, form, figure, mien, and 
 hence visage, appearance, coun- 
 tenance. If Al. from tt£$olxcl 
 (<ptxxa) pf. of (paw, (whence 
 (pctivoo,) to show. That is, the 
 external appearance, aspect. 
 See Facio. 1 
 
 Fdcilis, easy (facere) to do ; 
 easy. So Habilis, Agilis, &c. 
 
 Fdcinus, a good or bad deed. 
 Fr. facio, 
 
 1 " Caninius derives fades from the 
 Punic vag?' V. 
 
 Etym. 
 
 Facio, I make ; I do. As 
 noiso» has both senses. Also, 
 I sacrifice, like Gr. ps£«>. That 
 is, facio rem divinam. Fr. 
 nstpoixoi, (<pa?ca,) pf. of Qtxoo, 
 whence <p»ivw (See Jacio); 
 or fr. Qctlco (whence (pot'ioo, fa'io, 
 and faCio, as (tttsos, speCus,) 
 whence directly is (potlvco, to 
 bring to light, show forth, put 
 forth, produce ; hence, like Pro- 
 duco, it is used for creating. 
 Lucilius : " Ducunt uxores, 
 producunt liberos." Hence 
 facio is, I make, invent, con- 
 struct. So from Pario is Re- 
 perio, to invent. Ovid : "Car- 
 minis et medica?, Phoebe, re- 
 pertor opis." So tskw, to 
 produce, is also to invent, con- 
 struct, as in StpxiTsxTcav, and in 
 rsu^oo, " facio, fabricor." tl Te- 
 xco, in lucem profero, pario, 
 creo," says Valckenaer. When 
 Plato says, 01 7roi.Tspeg tcoWoL xcti 
 xaKoi sgycx. a7rs<pijvoiVTO el$ tt<xvtoi$ 
 ocvQpw7rovg, otmz^vavxo in point of 
 sense answers to " fecerunt." 
 % Al. from 7rotyw fut. 2. of 7njy- 
 vvy*i, to construct. 27 into F, 
 as Fere from Hep/. Then j agio 
 became facio, as saCer is for 
 saGer, misCeo from jOucrjTgco. 
 
 Factio, a side, party, sect, 
 faction, conspiracy. Fr. facio, 
 factum. From the expression 
 Facere cum aliquo. Cicero : 
 " Si respondisset, idem sentire, 
 et secum facere Sullam." That 
 is, that he sided with him, was of 
 his party. Or from men being 
 united {factum) to execute some 
 project. 
 
 Factiosus, seditious. Fr. fac- 
 tio, a conspiracy. 
 
 T 
 
146 
 
 FAC- 
 
 TA M 
 
 Fdcultas, power, ability, 
 means of doing anything ; means, 
 property. Fr.facul for facilis ; 
 whence facilitas. 
 
 Fdcundus, eloquent. Fr. for, 
 fari. As from Iror, (whence 
 Irascor,) is Iracundus; from 
 Vereoris Verecundus. 
 
 Fax or Fex, feeds or fecis, 
 lees, dregs. Fex is fr. vyfe, a 
 condensation. As from lisp) is 
 Fere. The general preference 
 of fiEx to f Ex seems however 
 an objection to this derivation. 
 
 Fdgus, a beach-tree. <Puyos, 
 Doric for $nyo§. 
 
 Fd!a, a kind of round tower 
 erected on the walls of cities to 
 discharge weapons from. Fr. 
 <paoo, (whence Qotivoo,) to show. 
 Whence QuXog, conspicuous, 
 appearing aloft, high, " editus." 
 Hesychius has <Pot\xr opy, <rxo- 
 niai. Though the reading is 
 disputed. "The Saxons or 
 Germans,' 7 says Dacier, 1 " re- 
 tain (pdXai in fales or fels, a 
 rock." See Palatium. ^f Wacl> 
 ter notices Hebr. bala, " texit, 
 operuit." 
 
 Fdldrica, a kind of missile 
 weapon. As thrown from or 
 into afala. % Or from <px\o$, 
 or a word (pu\v)po$, shining. For 
 it was bound round with wildfire 
 and shot out of an engine. 
 
 Falco, a falcon. "Quod un- 
 gues more falcis habeat intror- 
 sum flexos." V. " Credo," says 
 Johnson, " a rostro falcato sive 
 adunco." Turton thus combines 
 these ideas : " From its hooked 
 
 1 Ad Festura in Falas. See also Wach- 
 tcr ia Fels. 
 
 talons and beak." fl Wachter 
 notices Germ, folk, Belg. valk. 
 
 Faltre, a pile or buttress. 
 Scaliger : " For Halere fr. «Xj, 
 ukoc, the sea. As piles for piers 
 on the seashore. Unless it is 
 that the Greeks called all high 
 things Qoihriga.." See Fala. 
 
 Fdliscus venter, and Fdliscus 
 simply, a hog's pudding made 
 after the manner of the Falisci, 
 a people of Etruria. 
 
 Fallo, I deceive. Soft for 
 sfallo, o-$«AAco, which is trans- 
 lated (inter alia) by Donnegan, 
 " to deceive, to lead into error, 
 mislead." ^f Al. from <p>jAoco, 
 tpvjAco, 1 deceive ; Dorice 4>aA«i. 
 
 Falsus, deceitful, false. Fr. 
 fallo, falsum. Pronus ad fal- 
 lendum. 
 
 Falx, falcis, a sickle, hedg- 
 ing-bill, reaping-hook ; an in- 
 strument of war, crooked like a 
 hook. From Hebr. phalach, 
 (jphalch,) he severed. 1 If It is 
 usually derived from 7reXsxv$, 
 whence with aspirate <ps\exv$, 
 <psXKv$, whence felcis, falcis. 
 But 7T£Asxu£ is not a sickle, but 
 an axe. 
 
 Fdma, report, rumor, fame. 
 0^u,>3, Dor. §a\t,0L. 
 
 Fames, hunger. Quayle re- 
 fers it to Celt. feim, need, want. 
 5f Perhaps it might be referred 
 to %aco, I want, crave, whence 
 "XJxTic, is a craving ; and whence 
 through Y-kya^oLi might have 
 been formed a word chames, 
 changed to hames, (as from 
 XopTog is Hortus,) and then to 
 fames, as from 'Eoria is Festus, 
 
 2 See Wachter in Halb. 
 
PAM- 
 
 PAS 
 
 U7 
 
 from Elpftb$ is Firmus. Or, as 
 the iEolians sometimes put H 
 for K, for lorCH they might 
 have said <P or PH. This change 
 of CH into F or PH seems to 
 appear in other Latin words, (as 
 in Flos, Fundo, Futilis,) and is 
 noticed in other languages by 
 Wachter. 1 ^f Al. for fagimes 
 from (poryco, to eat, as Foveo, 
 Fovimes, Fomes. Fames must 
 then mean a desire to eat. 
 
 Fdmilia, the slaves belonging 
 to a master, the servants of a 
 household ; the whole house- 
 hold, parents, children, and ser- 
 vants ; a family, sect, school ; 
 a family estate. For famulia 
 from famulus, ^j Al. for fa- 
 mil la (as oiXAog, alius,) fr. 
 a^iKKu, hamilla, (as from Elgpa. 
 is Firmus,) a combat ; hence 
 (like Gr. «0Ao$,) a crowd or 
 company of spectators ; hence 
 a crowd, or company generally/ 
 
 Fdmiliaris, belonging to the 
 same familia, intimate. 
 
 Famulus ; See Appendix. 
 
 Fdnaticus, inspired, enthusi- 
 astical, fanatical. " Propria de 
 iis qui circa fana bacchari et 
 vaticinari solebant." F. An 
 ancient Glossary explains it by 
 
 UgOLTlXG$, UpodQU\o$. 
 
 Fanum, a temple. Where the 
 priests were wont (fari) to 
 deliver the oracles of the Gods. 
 As Vates is <par>js. ^f Or fari is 
 here effari. l< Effatum templum, 
 dedicated or consecrated by a set 
 
 1 " The Engl, quiver sprang from 
 Germ, kocher, CH being changed into 
 If, or (which has the same power) into V." 
 Again : " Liftex, to lift. From Belg. 
 ljchten. CH is often changed to F." 
 
 2 Al. from 6(u\ia, a familiar intercourse. 
 
 form of words. Livy : Fanum, 
 id est locus templo effatus." F. 3 
 
 Far, j arris, a kind of wheat. 
 " From Hebr. bar, grain." V. 
 As Fascino from Bcurxuvco. 
 ^f Or from Germ, faren, to 
 generate, produce; the same 
 as our word To bear. So Hebr. 
 bara is, he created. 
 
 Farcimen, a sausage. Fr. 
 farcio. Apicius: i( Sic intes- 
 tinumjfames." 
 
 Farcio, farsi, I cram with 
 mingled ingredients. Fr. <Pgd<r~ 
 (tu), transp. <papa-crco. 
 
 Farferus : See Appendix. 
 
 Farina, meal, flour. Fr. 
 far, far r is. 
 
 Faris, fatur, you speak, he 
 speaks. Fr. cpaoo, (whence <p>jjou,) 
 whence <pw, fo, and Quo^ou, <pw- 
 \lol\, for. 
 
 Farrago, a mixture of far 
 and other grains or herbs, given 
 to cattle; any thing miscel- 
 laneous. Fr.y arris. As Plum- 
 bum, Plumbago. 
 
 Fartor, a fattener of fowls; 
 sausage-maker. Fr. farcio, far- 
 citum, fartum. See Farcimen. 
 
 Fas, what is just or right by 
 the rules of religion. That is, 
 what is spoken and commanded 
 by the priests. From for, faris. 
 
 Fascia, a linen or woollen 
 cloth for wrapping up infants or 
 wounds, a bandage, swath ; 
 hence applied to stockings, sto- 
 machers, &c. as wrapped round 
 parts of the body. Fr. fascis, 
 a. bundle. u Quod e& aliquid 
 mfascem colligamus." Ainsw. 
 <( Because by means of a band 
 materials are collected into bun- 
 
 3 Al. from vabs, transp. hvbs, ¥av6s. 
 
148 
 
 FAS- 
 
 FAS 
 
 dies." Tt. Bandage and Bun- 
 dle are allied to the same verb 
 To Bind. 
 
 Fascino, I enchant. Fr. /3a<x- 
 xavco fut. of (3 ol<j x a. iv ca. As Bpe- 
 jtwo, Fremo. A into I, as //,«- 
 X-Avx, machlna. 
 
 Fascinum, witchery, enchant- 
 ment. See Fascino. 
 
 Fascinum, veretrum. Horace : 
 " Minusve languet fascinum." 
 Vossius : " Quod antiqui figu- 
 ram veretri multum crede- 
 rent valere ad onuie fascini 
 genus averruncandum depellen- 
 dumqne. Sane puerisfiguray<z5- 
 cirii de collo suspendebatur, ad 
 amoliendas fascinationes. Et 
 ut aves inauspicatae, foribus 
 affixse, amoliri infortunium cre- 
 debantur; sic veretra, quo- 
 rum in effascinando usus erat, 
 fascinum etiam depellere existi- 
 mabant. £6 autem veretrum 
 fascinationem depellere puta- 
 bant, quia omnia turpia malos 
 invidorum oculos ab instituto 
 averterent atque avocarent. Id- 
 circo et prodesse judicabant, 
 siquis despueret. Theocritus : 
 'fig (irj fZourxaivQw 8e, rglg elg Ipov 
 
 STTTVdOL Xo'A7TOV." 
 
 Fascis, a bundle of wood, 
 twigs, &c. From vugis, (Doric 
 of itrfexg, a fastening together,) 
 paxis i. e. pagsis or pacsis, 
 transp. pascis, might be fascis, 
 as from lisp) is Fere. ^[ Al. 
 from (rQaxsWog T (which seems 
 to be used for QuxeWog, a bun- 
 dle), whence §a<rxs\o$, (as $u<r- 
 yuvov is thought to be put for 
 
 1 See Donnegan ad 2<pdne\\os. 
 
 c^ayavov,) shortened to <pa<rxo£. 
 ^f Al. from Germ, fassen, to 
 fasten, tie. 
 
 Fassus, particip. of faleor, 
 for fats us. 
 
 Fasti, annals, chronicles, &c. 
 in which were set down not only 
 the triumphs, the names of the 
 Consuls, &c, but the Dies 
 fasti and the Dies festi or ne- 
 fasti. " Hence called fasti, as 
 the Dies fasti were far more 
 numerous than the Dies nefasti." 
 V. ^f Or from a word Quarro), 
 formed fr. ire$ct<rTai pp. of <p«a>, 
 to say, relate. See Fasti dies. 
 
 Fasti dies, days on which the 
 Praetors were able to transact 
 public business, and to pro- 
 nounce the three words, Do, 
 Dico, Addico. Ovid : il llle 
 nefastus erit per quern tria verba 
 siientur ; Fastus erit per quern 
 lege licebit agi." From fas ; 
 as on these days the Praetors 
 were able to dispense justice. 
 As Jus, Justus, ^f Al. from 
 irstpcto-Toti pp. of <$>txco to speak, 
 pronounce. 
 
 Fastidium, disdain, loathing. 
 Fr. fastus. 
 
 Fastigatus, and Fastigiatus, 
 sloped, sloping. Fr. fastigium. 
 Narrowed gradually into a sharp 
 point like the roof of a house. 
 
 Fastigium, the top or highest 
 part of a building, the top or 
 roof; slope of a roof. Fr. fas- 
 tus, loftiness of mind, high dis- 
 dain. Hence fast igium is " al- 
 titudo domus/" Compare Ves- 
 tigium. 
 
 Fastigo : See Fastigatus. 
 
 Fastus, pride, haughtiness. 
 Fr. we<pct(TTOii pp. of <pau), ^ju,/. 
 
FAT- 
 
 FAU 
 
 149 
 
 " Quia superbi grandia fan- 
 TUlt." V. ^1 Or fr. neQcto-Toa 
 pp. of <puoo, (whence (pao-j&a,) to 
 show. As fr. Qalvta, fut. $otva> f 
 is v7rspYj<puvog, proud. 
 
 Fateor, I grant, own, con- 
 fess. Fr. weQuTai (whence $a- 
 tiifa, I declare) pp. of <pxco, 1 
 speak. More directly, from (purso- 
 poti or (poiTeoo, as jSaraw from /3aco. 
 
 Fdtlgo, I tire, weary. Fr. 
 fatim ago, 1 urge on incessantly. 
 Virgil : " Quadrupedemque ci- 
 tuaj ferrata calce fatigat." From 
 ago is asito. which is sometimes 
 used like fatigo.. 
 
 Fatim : See Appendix. 
 
 Fdtisco, I open or gape with 
 chinks. And, as things in decay 
 become full of chinks and chasms, 
 fatisco is also to.be dissolved, to 
 faint, to be exhausted. Fr. fatim 
 hisco. As Fatigo from Fatim ago. 
 But, asfessus belongs to fatis- 
 co, as Gressus to Gradior,y«- 
 tisco must have come from a 
 verb fatio, which is from fatim 
 Mo. Or, (if F, that is PH, is 
 put for CH : See Fames,) fatio 
 may be for chatio from yoLjiXpi, 
 yanWw, ^uriw, formed from xs- 
 Xutou pp. of xoLoo, to open or 
 gape. 
 
 Fatum, a prophecy, oracle, 
 as uttered by the priests, who 
 were hence called Fatidici. 
 Also, the determined or ap- 
 pointed will of Heaven. Either 
 as being usually communicated 
 to men by the oracles ; or be- 
 cause in the Roman Theology 
 Jupiter was wont to declare his 
 will to the Parcae whose office 
 it was to fulfil his decrees. 
 Hence fatum is used for any- 
 
 thing which befals us, for ca- 
 lamity or death, as being the 
 decree of Heaven. Fatum is 
 the participle offor,faris. 
 
 Fdtuus, silly, foolish, idle, 
 unprofitable. Transferred to the 
 taste, (like Gr. pcopbg, 1 ) insipid. 
 That is, frantic like a (<par>)s) 
 prophet, raving, delirious. Uus, 
 as in Mutuus. 
 
 Faveo, I favor, befriend. Fr. 
 QctEco, (as alco, aVeo ; %aea;, 
 caVeo,) fr. <paco, whence $vi[i) 9 
 to speak, i. e. in another's favor. 
 I favor by word. Ovid : " lin- 
 guis animisque favete" So 
 ouvos, from signifying a speech 
 or discourse, means a speech in 
 favor of another, a panegyric ; 
 whence alvsco, to praise. 
 
 Fdvilla, hot ashes or embers, 
 sparky of fire, cinders. For 
 failla from $ao§, light ; or from 
 <poLco s to shine ; or for fauilla 
 from <puuw, to shine. Virgil has 
 
 " C AN DENTEjftmV/a." 2 
 
 Fauni, 
 
 Fdvonius, the west wind. 
 Fr. faveo. As favoring, kindly, 
 mild. Forcellini : (i Qu\afavet 
 geniturae, siquidem est spiritus 
 genitalis mundi, quo plantae hy- 
 berno tempore enectae revivis- 
 cunt." Lucretius has, " Ge- 
 nitabilis ama Favoni." 
 
 Faustus, lucky, favorable. 
 Fr. faveo, favsi, fausi,faustum, 
 as Haurio, (Haursi,) Hausi, 
 Haustum. ^[ Al. from <$«uctto£ 
 fr. 7ikqav<TTcti pp. of <pau«j, <puoo, 
 
 1 Mcophs is evidently from fxaopos from 
 fidco, whence 'fxiryv. Nor is it necessary 
 that its sense of Insipid should be the 
 primitive one. 
 
 2 Al. for fovilla fufovio. 
 
150 
 
 FAU- 
 
 FEL 
 
 whence Faveo. ^[ Al. from 
 (puvarog, bright, (whence Quv(tty}- 
 gtog,) and so serene, auspicious. 
 
 Fautor, a favorer. Fr. ^a- 
 veo, favitum, fautum, as Avi- 
 ceps, Auceps. 
 
 Favus, a honeycomb. Favus, 
 i. e. phavus, seems to be put 
 for chavus (See Fames) fr. %aoc, 
 a chasm. As full of chasms. Xa- 
 0$, ChaVus,as /3o's$,boVes. IT Al. 
 from u$0£, anything woven. "Tex- 
 tum opus," says Vossius. Hence 
 huphiis, huvus, and fuvus (as 
 Elpfxbg, Firmus), then favus, as 
 x?vo£, cAnis ; xT\i%, cAlix. 
 ^f Ai. from <p«co, which Lennep 
 supposes to mean primarily 
 " findo, aperio." ^[ AI. from 
 Germ, wabe, a honey-comb, 
 and this from weben, to weave. 
 
 Faux,faucis, a jaw. Fr.$u6u), 
 <potoo, to speak. Virgil : et Vox 
 faucibus haesit." The C as in 
 speCus from <nr£og, or from 
 perf. neQavxct. |f Al. from 
 
 ^f Al. from ^auco, %aa>, to be 
 hollow. Whence chaucis, phau- 
 cis. See Fames. 
 
 Fax, fads, a torch. Fr. p«o$, 
 light, or 9«w, to shine. C as 
 in speCus from (nreog. Or fax 
 is fr. <paoo, <P<x<tu), iEol. <$a£ca. 
 
 Faxim, Faxo, may I do, I 
 will do. For faxerim, faxero, 
 fr.facio,facsi, faxi. 
 
 Febris, 1 a fever. Fr.ferveo, 
 ferbeo, (whence ferbui,) transp. 
 febreo whence febris. As -nu- 
 psrbs fr. 7rvg. 
 
 1 " Germ, fieber, Anglo-Sax. fefer, 
 Afar." W. * 
 
 Februa, expiatory sacrifices 
 offered to the Manes. Fr.fer- 
 veo, ferbeo, ferbui, transp. fe- 
 brui. For the purification was 
 made mostly with fire or hot 
 water. 
 
 Februarius, February. For 
 the februa were offered in this 
 month for twelve successive days. 
 
 Fecundus, Fxcundus, fruit- 
 ful, fertile. Fr. feo, I produce. 
 As from Vereor is Verecundus. 
 Feo is fr. $600 ; or fr. tpeco, allied 
 to <$>6uo, and <ploo, whence <pirv. 
 
 Fel 9 fellis: See Appendix. 
 
 Felis, a cat; a ferret. Fr. 
 ffiXog, deceitful, cunning. Pliny : 
 " Feles, quo silentio, quztm le- 
 vibus vestigiis obrepunt avibus ! 
 qudm occulte speculatae in mus- 
 culos exsiliunt." % Salmasius 
 supposes, I know not on what 
 authority, that the ancient 
 Greeks instead of aikovpog said 
 alKog, whence Fai\og,f(elis. 
 
 Felix seems primarily to mean 
 fruitful, fertile, productive. Si- 
 lius : " Felix uteri." Virgil : 
 " Frugibus infelix." Cicero : 
 li Quanta felicitas terrae, quae 
 tarn multa gignit." Felix is 
 from feo, like Fetus, Fecundus. 
 Feo,feix, (as in Beatrix, Cer- 
 vix, Cornix,) whence felix, as 
 the L is added in Filius and Fu- 
 lica. Hence felix is copious, 
 abounding, wealthy, fortunate, 
 na PP v ' IT Vossius: "Ab r{k\% 
 seu YjXixlu, quod aetatem notat, 
 at stride ponitur pro aetate flo- 
 rente. Ut felix proprie sit, qui 
 vegetae est aetatis, corpore ani- 
 moque valens." F, as from 
 Elppog is Firmus. Or fr. IpijAjj;. 
 
 Fello, I suck. Fr. 0>]Aa», 
 
FEM- 
 
 FER 
 
 151 
 
 $v)\a>, lEo\. $>jA«, as &r)p, iEol. 
 
 Femella,* little woman. For 
 feminella. 
 
 Femen, Femur, the thigh. 
 For ferimen,ferimur, fr. fero. 
 " As bearing the weight of the 
 body." Tt. 
 
 Femina, Fozmina, the female 
 in all animals. Fr.^eo, to pro- 
 duce ; whence Fecundus and 
 Fetus. From feo would be 
 femen, feminis, (as in Nomen, 
 &c.) then femina. 
 
 Femur: See Femen. 
 
 Fendo, 
 
 Fenebris, pertaining to usury. 
 Fr. fenus, as Salus, Salubris. 
 
 Fenestra, a window. Fr. 
 <puvi<TTpa. fr. TtzfyaviVTou pp. of 
 $av/?a>, to produce light, to 
 make to be seen, ^f Al. from 
 the north. Germ, fenster, 
 Welsh jfenestr, Belg. venster. 
 
 Fenus, Fcenus, the interest of 
 money. Fr. feo, I produce. 
 
 As TOKOS fr. TSKCO, TIKTW. 1 
 
 Feo : See Fecundus. 
 
 Fera, a wild beast. Fr. <pjj- 
 po$, iEolic form of 0>jpo$ gen. of 
 $yjp. ^[ Al. from ferio. We 
 have Parens from Pario. 
 
 Ferax, fruitful. Fr. fero. 
 As Fallo, Fallax. 
 
 Ferculum, a frame on which 
 several dishes were brought 
 in at once and set upon the 
 table ; a service, course. For 
 fericulum fr.fero, as Veho, Ve- 
 hiculum. 
 
 Ferh, about, nearly, almost. 
 
 Almost always, generally. Fr. 
 Trsp), pere, aspirated phere. 
 
 Ferentarii, light armed sol- 
 diers. Fr. ferentes. " Quia 
 ea tantum arma habebant quae 
 feruntur, non qua? tenentur, 
 quippe qui fundis lapidibusque 
 vel arcu et telis pugnabant." F. 
 
 Feretrius, a name given to 
 Jove by Romulus. Fr. fere- 
 trum, a frame for carrying spoils 
 in a triumph, which Romulus 
 consecrated to Jupiter, as is re- 
 lated by Livy I, 10. 
 
 Feretrum, a bier, coffin ; 
 frame for carrying images at 
 funerals or spoils in a triumph. 
 <PsgeTgov. 
 
 Ferm: See Appendix. 
 
 Ferio, 1 smite, hit. Fr. 
 TTsgco (as lisp), Fere,) fut. of 7re/- 
 pco, to pierce. Johnson gives 
 as the first meaning of Smite 
 "To strike, to reach with a 
 blow, to pierce." ^f Al. 
 fromjfera. As being the pro- 
 perty of wild beasts. 
 
 Ferme, almost, nearly. For 
 ferimb fr.fere.* 
 
 Fermentum, leaven, yeast. 
 For fervimentum ix.ferveo, i. e. 
 asstuo, bullio. 
 
 Fero, I bear, carry. &epco. 
 
 Feronia, ■ 
 
 Ferox, fierce, insolent, bold. 
 Fr. fera. 
 
 Ferrugo, rust (ferri) of iron. 
 
 Ferrum: See Appendix. 
 
 Ferrumen, solder, cement. 
 
 Properly, as joining (ferrum 
 
 ferro) iron to iron. Or joining 
 
 things with iron. Herodotus 
 
 1 Al. from irotvos, recompence, com- 
 pensation. As Tlepl, Fere. 
 
 2 Al. from apfioi, just as. 
 
152 
 
 FER- 
 
 FIB 
 
 has xpyTYigu xot) vTroxpyTYiplhov 
 
 (T&YjgSOV XOWYfTOV. 
 
 Fertilis, fertile. Fr. fertum, 
 supine of fero, as Alo, Altum, 
 Altilis. 
 
 Fertum, a cake of the best 
 kind brought to or offered at 
 the sacrifices. Fr. tpepTov, borne. 
 % Or fertum is the proper par- 
 ticiple of fero. (See Fertilis.) 
 That is, ad sacra fertum. % 
 Some read far turn fr. farcio. 
 And some, who read fertum, 
 suppose it put for refertum fr. 
 refarcio. See Fessus, Gressus. 
 
 Fertus, rich, plentiful. Fr. 
 fertum, whence fertilis. ^f Al. 
 for refertus. See Fertum. 
 
 Ferveo, Fervo, I am hot, 
 boil, rage. Fr. Qepeoo, (Jut. 1. 
 of & spco,) QegVsso, iEol. <psgFeoo f 
 as Qyp, JEo\. q>yp. ^f Or fervo 
 was the original word, (for it 
 was used anciently,) fr. Qspoo, 
 GegFoo, Mo\. tpegVa]. 1 
 
 Ferula, a rod or stick with 
 which boys were corrected, a 
 ferule. Fr. ferio. It is also 
 the herb or shrub called fennel- 
 giant. Perhaps as supplying 
 the rod. But Pliny seems to 
 derive it, at least in this sense, fr. 
 fero : " Nulli fruticum levitas 
 major; ob id gestatu faci- 
 lior, baculorum us urn senec- 
 tuti praebet." 
 
 Ftrus, savage, wild. Fr. fera. 
 
 Fescinriini versus, rude, ob- 
 scene and witty poems, invented 
 or much used at Fescennia, a 
 town of Etruria. 
 
 Fessus, tired. For fassus, (See 
 fatisco,) as Gradior, Gressus. 
 
 1 Al. from Germ./ewr, fire. 
 
 Festino : See Appendix. 
 
 Festlvus, festive. Fr. festus* 
 
 Festra. " Antiquis idem fuit 
 quod apud nos fenestra, tes- 
 te Festo. Non tamen quaelibet, 
 sed ostiolum minusculum in sa- 
 crario." F. For fenstra, fenes- 
 tra. 
 
 Festuca, a shoot, stem, stalk, 
 straw, reed. For fetuca fr.feo, 
 fetum, (whence Fetus,) to bring 
 forth. Uca, as in Fistuca, Ca- 
 duca. ^f Al. from eWa» pp. of 
 eco, to send, send forth, shoot 
 forth. 
 
 Festus, festive, jovial, merry. 
 Whence festum, a festival. Fr. 
 scTTidco, evTioo, to give a feast. 
 As from Elgpbg is Firmus. ^f Or 
 from the north. Armoric and 
 Germ, fest, Irish feast a, is a 
 festival. " Armorica vox rite 
 nascitur a festa, ordinare ; quia 
 dies festi sunt dies solennes per 
 annum dispositi." W. ^f Al. 
 from <pxKrTb$, bright ; and hence, 
 gay, cheerful, merry. 
 
 Fetia/es, Fecidles, — 
 
 Fetus, Fatus, an offspring. 
 Fr.feo, fetum, whence v\$ofemi- 
 na and fecundus. ^[ Al. from 
 <puTov, an offspring. 
 
 Fax: See Fex. 
 
 Fi, a sound of aversion. From 
 the sound, Fiji» So Germ.y?. 
 The Latin w r ord is not however 
 one of established authority. 
 
 Fiber, fibri, a beaver. Fr. 
 Qifipb$ s j£ol. <pifipo;, soft, fine. 
 From the softness of its hair. 
 Pliny : " Fibro est mollior plu- 
 ma pilus." ^[ u Because it inha- 
 bits (fibrum) the extremity of a 
 river." W. See Fibra. % The 
 Sax. is befer, Germ, biber. 
 
FIB- 
 
 FIG 
 
 153 
 
 Wachter says that these are 
 " omnium consensu*' from the 
 Latin. 
 
 Fibra, the point or extremity 
 of anything ; of certain of the 
 entrails, as of the liver, lights, 
 &c. ; also the whole entrails. 
 Also, said of the small sprouts or 
 strings like hairs hanging at the 
 roots of herbs. For finibra fr. 
 Jinis. As from Facio is Faciber, 
 then Faber, Fabri. 
 
 Fibula, a clasp, buckle. For 
 figibula (r.figo, as from Fari is 
 Fabula. 
 
 Ficedula, the beccafico or 
 fig-pecker. Fr. ficus; or from 
 ficus and edo. 
 
 Fictilis, made of earth or clay. 
 Fr. fictus, fashioned. As Alo, 
 Altus, Altilis. 
 
 Ficus, a fig. Fr. crtkov, a fig ; 
 or from a word crvxo$, whence 
 Qvxo§, (as vice versa 2io$ for 
 &£Q$,) and <£uxof, as Oyj§ in iEolic 
 is <pYip. Hence ficus, as <ppTyoo, 
 frlgo. If from a-vxoN, it will 
 be like nervuS from vsvgoN. 
 % " From Flebr. fag, [Turton 
 says fig,] an unripe fig." V. 
 % The Anglo-Sax. isfig, Germ. 
 feigeS 
 
 Ficus, applied to emerods or 
 piles. te A tubercle or wart, 
 rough on the top like ^fig^ Tt. 
 " Quia desuper fundit se ad simi- 
 litudinem jft'a fructus." F. 
 
 Fidelia, a pot, jar, jug. Fr. 
 viQog, a cask ; as Fido is allied 
 
 1 " Cum ficus sit fructus exoticus, recte 
 nomen ejus derivator a Lat. ficus. Nam 
 earum rerum, quibus Germani ab initio 
 caruerunt, multa a Francis reliquisque 
 populis Germ, in idioraa suum noniina 
 L'&tina translata esse, dubio caret." W. 
 
 Etym. 
 
 to IIslQoo. <[f Al. from fidelis. 
 ie Qudd fideliter servat recon- 
 dita." V. 
 
 Fidelis, faithful. Fr. fides. 
 
 Fides, reliance, credibility, 
 credit, faith ; integrity, veracity. 
 Fr. 9n0«i fut. %. of nsiQoo, 
 whence TrelQopoii, to rely on. A 
 double change of II to F, and 
 to D, as in Fidelia. % Or fr. 
 iria-Ti;, iEol. nrirTig, whence <p/d- 
 h$,fides. % Or fides is fr.fido, 
 and this fr. are/ftp. 
 
 Fides, fidis, the string of a 
 lyre ; a stringed instrument of 
 music. Fr. <t$i&ij, a string 
 made from gut. As X^a-KXon, 
 Fallo. 
 
 Fidicen, fididnis, one who 
 sings to or plays on a stringed 
 instrument. Fr. fides and cano, 
 
 Fidius. See Mediusfidius. 
 
 Fido, I trust to. See Fides. 
 
 Fidus, faithful. Cui fidi 
 potest. 
 
 Figlinus, belonging to a pot- 
 ter. For Jigulinus fr. figulus. 
 
 Figmen, Figmentum, an 
 image. For figimen fr. figo, 
 i. e. Jingo, I form. Compare 
 Figulus, Figura. 
 
 Figo, 1 fix, fasten. Fr. 
 itriyui, whence J ego, (as in Fere 
 from lisp),) and figo, as in rlma 
 from pHyfLot, liber from XEnog 
 i. e. Ae7ro£. <[[ " From the An- 
 glo-Sax. fegen," says Tooke. 
 •j| " From Welsh pigo, Germ. 
 picken, pungere, punctim ferire, 
 acutum figere in aliquid," says 
 Wachter. 
 
 Figulus, a potter or worker 
 in clay. Fr. figo, i. e. jingo, I 
 form. See Figmen. 
 
 Figura, a figure, form, shape, 
 u 
 
154 
 
 F1L- 
 
 FIN 
 
 Fr.figo, i. e. Jingo, I make. See 
 Figmen and Figulus. 
 
 Fllix, 
 
 Filius, a son. Fr. vlb$, hyios, 
 whence fyius, (as Firmus from 
 EtgiJ.bc) and fylius, as saLus 
 from <rao$. See Fulica. % Al. 
 from <pukov, a race, ^f Al. from 
 <pl\iog, taken in the sense of be- 
 loved, like <3iXoc_. Homer has $1- 
 Xstsxvov. But <$* in tplKiog is short. 
 
 Ftlum, a thread. Fr. stAeco, 
 giA», (as Firmus from Elgfx.bg,) to 
 twist up, wind up, roll together, 
 " convolvo, torqueo." As Todd 
 deduces Thread from a Saxon 
 word signifying To twist. ^[ 
 Al. from TriAew, 7nAw, to con- 
 dense. We say, A ball of 
 thread. " Dum trahitur duci- 
 turque, eadem opera torquetur 
 et condensatur," says Vossius. 
 ^f AL for fixillum fr.figo, fixi. 
 As from Veho, Vexi, Vexillum 
 is Velum ; and as from Pago, 
 Paxi, Paxilius is Palus. 1 
 
 Fimbria , the extremity of 
 anything ; the border or hem of 
 a garment; a fringe. Yr. finis, 
 whence fimbria, (Compare Fi- 
 bra,) finbria, fimbria, as siN- 
 plex, siMplex. 
 
 Fimus, dung, manure. Fr. 
 vpbg, moisture, ^f Or for pimns 
 (as Fere from lisp)) fr. 7rs7nju,a» 
 pp. of 7r/co, whence 7n/x,eA^, fat- 
 ness. Either from its fatness 
 or from its fattening the fields. 
 Virgil: " Saturare/jVrco pingui 
 sola." Forcellini defines fimus 
 
 " excrementa animalium quibus 
 agri stercorantur." Compare 
 Opimus. 51 Al. from nico or 
 <$>ico, (whence Gr. <piju.o$, a muz- 
 zle,) to press close. That is, 
 a mass or clod of dung, % Al. 
 from fyvpfjibc, dung; whence $yjx- 
 [idc. Hence fimus, as Mica 
 from Mixxy). 
 
 Findo, fidi, I cleave, cut, 
 sever. Findo for fido, and fido 
 from ar^idoo fut. 2. of <ry}K<», to 
 split; whence chido, (as ij^aAAco, 
 Fallo,) and phido, as Fames for 
 Chames ; &c. <ft Or findo is 
 from (rQYjV, <r<pYjvbg, a wedge ; 
 whence ct^vjj, <r$Y)vi$oc_, cr<p>jvj8oa>, 
 (rprjyjSco, (r<prjv§co, fendo, findo. 
 % " From Chaid.J'eda, scindere, 
 vulnerare." V. z 
 
 Firtgo, I form, fashion, frame ; 
 devise, feign. Fr. 7TYjyco, nyyvvw, 
 explained by Donnegan (inter 
 alia), to construct, build. 
 Hence, i. e. from 7n}vyco, is jingo, 
 as from /7>}ya> is Figo. Or the 
 N is added, as in Lingo. 
 
 Finis, the end or conclusion 
 of anything. Soft for fthinis 
 fr. tpQlvoo, to decay, come to an 
 end. <pQivQ7roopov is translated 
 by Donnegan u the end of au- 
 tumn;" and <pQivoig, "which draws 
 to an end." ^f Al. from^o, as 
 said of things completed. Or, 
 as Scaliger explains it : " Cum 
 sit id, cujus gratia aliquid fit" 
 5f Al. from (rxoivog, a rope ; 
 whence schinis, (as from 01 is 
 Hi), chinis, (as S&aWco, Fallo,) 
 
 1 Varro deduces it from hilum : " Fi- 
 lum, quod minimum est hilum. Id enim 
 minimum est in vestimento." % Al. 
 from pilus or fr. -nriXov. 
 
 2 If (paw, as Lennep supposes 
 marily signified ( ' findo, aperio, " 
 
 pn- 
 
 <pi<i> 
 
 might have been allied to it, and through 
 (ptST]u might produce fido, findo. 
 
FIN 
 
 FLA 
 
 155 
 
 and finis, as in Fames for Cha- 
 mes, &c. Boundaries being 
 marked out by ropes, ^f AI. 
 from %$, Ivog, a fibre, tendon, 
 and so transferred to a string or 
 rope. ^[ AI. from Q)g, Qlvo$, 
 JEo\. $\$ 9 <pivb$, (as Ovjp is in 
 iEolic <pY)p,) a shore ; i. e. the 
 boundary of the land. 
 
 Finitimus, bordering upon. 
 Qui fines nostros attingit. So 
 Affinis. 
 
 Fio, 1 am made or done, I 
 become. Fr. <pvu), fyo ; or fr. 
 <plco, whence <pjrpo£, <plTv f (piTvco. 
 
 Firmament um, anything which 
 confirms or strengthens, a stay, 
 support. Fr. firmo, firmavi, 
 for fir mavimentum. As Incre- 
 mentum for Increvimentum. 
 
 Firmus, firm, steady, sure. 
 Fr. eppos or eppa, (poetically 
 elpfAos and sippet,) a prop, stay, 
 support. Donnegan explains 
 sppcxZoo, " to make firm." 
 5f Al. from slppbs, a connexion. 
 Things connected being firm. 
 
 Fiscella, a little frail or bas- 
 ket. Also, a muzzle, made si- 
 milarly from twigs, &c. Fr. 
 fiscus. 
 
 Fiscina, a basket, frail. Fr. 
 fiscus, 
 
 Fiscus, a basket, frail ; a bas- 
 ket or bag for holding money; 
 the public chest, the treasury. 
 Fr. '^x 00 » ffl^X 00 » to n °ldj con- 
 tain. F prefixed like V. 1 
 
 Fissiculo, " findendo rimor." 
 F. From findo,fissum. 
 
 Fissura, a cleft. Fr. findo, 
 fissum. 
 
 1 AI. from a supposed word <pa<TKbs, 
 whence tpa<ricw\bs, a wallet. 
 
 Fistuca, a very large wooden 
 mallet, a rammer, which is lifted 
 in the air and falls down on any- 
 thing underneath with great im- 
 petuosity, to drive it in the 
 ground. Fr. la-raw, \<jtw, to 
 raise ; as from Cado is Caduca. 
 Properly, histuca, as Firmus for 
 Hirmus. 
 
 Fistula, a shepherd's pipe ; a 
 water-pipe. For fisttula, fr. 
 Trsipva-YiTca pp. of <pv(roLca. I blow. 
 As <pu<TTY), a cake of flour and 
 wine, is for $v<tyjtyi, as being 
 puffy or tumid. Or if 4>y<rr>j is 
 fr. <puco, the same as <pucraw ; 2 
 then fistula is from ns$v<7Tai pp. 
 of <p6co, same as <pv(racu. Hence 
 a word (puor^, fista, fistula. 
 
 Fistula, a fistula, a disease in 
 the anus. " Because it re- 
 sembles a pipe or reed." Tt. * 
 
 Flabellum, a fan. Fr. fia- 
 bulum fr. fio, as from For is 
 Fabula. 
 
 Flabrum, a blast, breeze. 
 Fr.fio,fiavi. As from Candela 
 is Candelabrum. 
 
 Flacceo, i flag, droop, grow 
 feeble. Fr. fihuxsvo» or fiXuxiw, 
 I am feeble or enervated. So 
 Fluo from BXvco. 
 
 Flagellum, a whip. Fr. fia- 
 grum. Soft for flagrellum. 
 
 Flagitator, a dunner. Fr. 
 fiagitor. One who demands his 
 money importunately. 
 
 Flagitium is thus defined by 
 Forcellini : " Acris turpisque 
 efflagitatio cum convicio ac tu- 
 multu. Hinc Plautus flagi- 
 tium vocat, cum puellae caus& 
 protervi juvenes aliorum ostia 
 
 2 Derived fr. ^{xru fut. of tpiu. 
 
156 
 
 FLA FLA 
 
 occentant. Merc. Q, S : ' Ne- 
 que propter earn quicquam eve- 
 niet nostris foribus flagitiij Et 
 fiagitium vocat acrem moles- 
 tamque creditoris petitionem de- 
 biti." Fiagitium is applied 
 also to the (fiagitatio) importu- 
 nate solicitation made by a man 
 to a woman to surrender her 
 virtue ; somewhat as Appello is 
 used. Livy : " Appellare ali- 
 quem de proditione," i. e. to 
 solicit or tempt to treachery. 
 Quintilian : " Solicitare aliquam 
 de stupro," i. e. to beset the 
 chastity of. So Appello ali- 
 quam is used simply in the 
 same sense. Flagito also is so 
 used : Apuleius : " Juvenem 
 execrandis uredinibus flagita- 
 bant" And is thus explained 
 by Forcellini : " ardenter ad 
 stuprum solicito." Hence fla- 
 gitium is transferred from the 
 solicitation to crime to the crime 
 so solicited ; and hence is any 
 disgraceful or shameful crime, 
 and also a reproach, disgrace 
 occasioned by such a crime. 
 ^f The sense of crime might be 
 drawn also from flagito, to ques- 
 tion, accuse. Tacitus: " Pe- 
 culatorem^flgitanjussit." Thus 
 ahlot, is crime, from alrsw, to 
 question, accuse. 1 
 
 Flagito, 1 ask importunately, 
 demand earnestly. Soft forfla- 
 grito as Flagellum for Fragrel- 
 lum, fr. flagro, as Mussito from 
 Musso. That is, I ask (mult& 
 flagrantid) with much eagerness, 
 
 as Imploro is, I ask (multo plo- 
 ratu) with much weeping. So 
 
 ?r)T£W is fr. ttyiTui pp. of ?ea>, fer- 
 veo. Flagrare cupiditate, desi- 
 derio, incredibili studio, are 
 common expressions. Pruden- 
 tius has " sedare omnem pec- 
 toris flagrantiam" i. e. cupi- 
 ditatem, desiderium, as ex- 
 plained by Forcellini. 
 
 Flagro, I burn, am on fire, 
 glow. Fr. <p\ayoo fut. *2. of <pAe- 
 yoo. Perhaps from <p\otyca was 
 <p\ayepb$, <p\otyspoco, <p\otyspa>, 
 <pXctypa>. 
 
 Fldgrum, a whip, scourge. 
 Fr. flagro. Plautus : " Quem 
 faciam ferventem flagris" 
 Horace: " Ibericis pehuste 
 funibus latus." % Al. for 
 plagrum fr. nsirXaya, pf. mid. of 
 7r\r)<r<roo, I strike. 
 
 Flamen, a blast, gale. Fr.fla- 
 vimen (r.flo,flavi. So Nomen. 
 
 Flamen: See Appendix. 
 
 Flamma, a flame. Fr. <p\£- 
 yoo, to burn, blaze ; pp. 7rs<pAey- 
 /xai and netyXctyficti, whence 
 (pkuyiua, flagma, flamma. Or 
 for flemma fr. QXsypct. % 
 Welsh fflam, Armor. flam, Sla- 
 von. plamen. 
 
 Flammeum, Flameum, a veil 
 worn by women and others. 
 That is, of a flame color, i. e. 
 of a bright yellow color. 2 
 
 Flaturarius, a minter. Fr. 
 flaturus. A blower of metals. 
 
 Flavus, yellow. For flac- 
 civus from flacceo, as Cado, 
 Cadivus. " Flavedo est color 
 
 1 Al. for plagitium fr. plaga. Quod 
 plagis puniendum est. 
 
 2 A1. from Flaminica, i. e. Flaminis 
 uxor. As worn by her. But it would 
 thus be jiaminicale or some such word. 
 
FLE- 
 
 FLO 
 
 157 
 
 plantarum pereuntium." W. ^f 
 Al. for flammivus fr. flarnmeo. 
 Of a flame color. Or for jla- 
 givus fr. <p\uyw fut. 2. of <pheyw, 
 to burn. 1 ^f Al. for falvus from 
 Germ, j alb, Anglo-Sax. fealw. 
 
 Flecto, I bend, twist. That 
 is, phlecto, aspirated from ne- 
 nXexTcti pp. of nXUc», to twine, 
 twist. ^f Al. from <p\exTo$, 
 burnt. As things burnt or 
 scorched become crumpled and 
 curled, ^f The Germ, flechten 
 is explained by Wachter " tor- 
 quere in latus." 2 
 
 Fltmina, urn, a swelling of 
 the ancles, attended with a dis- 
 charge of blood. For flegmina 
 fr. §\eyi*.QVYi, a fiery tumor. % 
 Al. for flegmina, from flecto, 
 flexi, whence fleximen, flexmen, 
 flegmen. « e Ut quag flexuosa 
 sint et obtorta." F. * 
 
 Fleo, I shed tears. Fr. <p\soo,* 
 to pour forth, make to gush 
 forth, ^f Al. from <pXvca, as Feo 
 perhaps from <Pua). % AL from 
 jSXsa;, (whence /3x^o-co,) to shed. 
 As Fluo from BKvoo. 5 
 
 Fllgo, I dash against. An- 
 dronicus : " Ipse se in terram 
 j#/gzYcadens."Fr.(pA/j6 co, (Homer 
 has <pAnJ/sT«i,) to crush ; whence 
 (pxiyoo, somewhat as rke<pupov for 
 B\e$agov, raXctvog for BccKavog. 
 % Or fr. Tt\Y t yui (fut. 2. of n\r r 
 
 1 " So," says Tooke, " Yellow is the 
 past participle of the Anglo-Saxon 
 Geaelan, to burn." 
 
 2 Al.frora TrA-fiffffco, iziitX^KTai, to beat. 
 
 3 lt From flecto, to incline downwards," 
 says Turton. 
 
 4 «frAe'cw is acknowleged by Donnegan. 
 
 5 Al. from 0p4w, iEol. <pp£w, to cry out. 
 AL from K\alw. See Flora. 4 
 
 <r<ra), to strike), aspirated ^Xrjyco, 
 whencefligo. So from IIHyca 
 is FIgo. 
 
 Flo, I blow. Fr. nveoo, ttvcu, 
 whence plo, (as nNsvpcav was 
 changed to IJAevpoov), with as- 
 pirate phlo, flo, as Flecto for 
 Plecto. Or thus : moo, <pv«5, 
 <p\w. ^[ Al. from $Aia), <pXw, to 
 gush forth, ^f Al. from the 
 Angle-Sax. blawan, 6 whence 
 our word To blow. 
 
 Floccns, a lock or flock of 
 wool; also, the nap of cloth. 
 Metaphorically used for a thing 
 of no value. From the north. 
 Germ.flock, Iceland, floka, An- 
 glo-Sax. flacea, Engl, flake, 
 fleak, flock. Referred to the 
 northern flaka, to divide; or 
 pluccian, to pluck. Floccus is 
 defined by Forcellini " lanarum 
 particula divisa a velleribus 
 inutiliter avolans." 
 
 Floces, the dregs or lees of 
 wine. Allied to floccus. " Quia 
 ei msmtflocci quidam et panni." 
 F. Thus Persius has: " Pan- 
 NOSAMfecem morientem sorbet 
 aceti." 
 
 Flora, the Goddess (florum) 
 of flowers. ^f.Al. from Greek 
 XXcogig. Ovid : ' ' Chloris eram 
 quae Flora vocor ; corrupta 
 Latino Nominis est nostri litera 
 Graeca sono." See Fames. 
 
 Flos,floris, a flower, blossom. 
 Like tzuTog, it is applied to other 
 things and is put for the most 
 excellent of their kind. Fr.flo. 
 Cicero : " Suavitates odorum 
 
 6 Wachter however refers blawan to 
 the Latin. 
 
158 
 
 FLU- 
 
 FOD 
 
 qui ajflantur e floribus." As 
 acoTO$ is perhaps fr. ucotcci pp. 
 of aoco, aco. % Or fr. x^oog, 
 X^S, verdure, bloom ; whence 
 chlos, then Jlos. See Fames. 
 Or floris is fr. ^Acups, verdant. 
 If Or from $Ao£, a flame. " Quia 
 emicat scintillatque ut flamma." 
 V. What is called by Euripi- 
 des <£Xo£ o'tvou is called by En- 
 nius Jlos vini. And the poets 
 call stars "flores." % Al. from 
 the Saxon blowan, to blow, i. e. 
 bloom, blossom. 
 
 Fluctus, a wave. Fr. fluo, 
 flucsi, ftuctum. 
 
 Fluentum, a stream. Fr. 
 fluo, asflumen. 
 
 Fluito, I float. Fr. fluo, 
 (i. e. fiuctuo) Jluitum. 
 
 Flumen, a stream. Fr. Jluo. 
 
 Fluo, I flow. Fr. pXuca, to 
 gush out. As Bpspoo, Fremo. 1 
 If Tooke : " From the Anglo- 
 Sax, fleuwan." 
 
 Flustrum. Dacier : " Turn 
 /lustrum dictum puto, cum post 
 tempestatem fluctus non mo- 
 ventur, quia tunc { Defluit saxis 
 agitatus humor.'" Flustrum fr. 
 fluo, as Luo, Lustrum. 
 
 Fluta, a floating lamprey. 
 V or fluit a fr. fluito ; or fr.fluo, 
 flutum. % Al. from ttAwt>jj, a 
 swimmer. 
 
 Fluvius, a river. Fr. fluo, 
 for fluius. Compare Alluo, 
 Alluvies. 
 
 Focale, a bandage or cravat 
 to keep the (faucem) throat and 
 
 1 The perfect fiuxi, i. e. flugsi, might 
 have come from a word flugo, fr. <pXvyio 
 fut. 2. of <p\vfy, $<o, whence <p\{>KTCuva. 
 
 neck warm. For faucale. As 
 Caudex, Codex. 
 
 Focillo, I warm, cherish. Fr. 
 
 Focus, a hearth, an altar. Fr. 
 $6a>s, whence focus, as o-Treof, 
 speCus. £>«)£ is translated by 
 Donnegan (inter alia) a blazing 
 hearth, ^f Or from oya P& m ^* 
 of t^co, to hold. Whence ochus, 
 Fochus, focus. Compare Fis- 
 cus. % Or for fovicus fr. foveo : 
 like Unicus, &c. As cherishing 
 the fire, or as cherishing other 
 things by the fire in it. Ovid : 
 " At focus a flammis et quod 
 
 fovet omnia dictus." ^f Al. 
 from %wyoo, to roast or boil. 
 
 Fodico, I pierce. Fr. fodio. 
 As Medeo, Medico; Velio, 
 Vellico. 
 
 Fbdina, a mine, quarry. Fr. 
 
 fodio. Ina, as in Regina. 
 
 Fodio, I pierce, goad, dig. 
 Also, 1 punch, push. Fr. /3o- 
 Quoo (whence (SoQvvoc, a pit,) same 
 as /3a0uco (whence /3a0u<7j«.«), to 
 excavate; properly, to make 
 deep. B into F, as in Fascino 
 from Bcvjkolvw. And 6 into D, 
 as in orDo from ogOog. The 
 two changes together are not 
 unlike those in FiDo from Ilel- 
 Qu). ^f Or from Qutsuoo, to 
 plant. The earth being pierced 
 in planting. Or from a word 
 tpvTi^oo, <pvT r KToo, cpvTico, whence 
 
 fudio, then fodio, as fOlium 
 is for fUlium. 2, 
 
 2 Some suppose fodi put for chodi, 
 (See Fames) fr. x^V v fr» X '"'» t0 ra ' se a 
 heap. But to dig is one thing, to raise a 
 heap another. Though x^a is transla- 
 ted by Donnegan "earth dug up." Haigh 
 
FCED- 
 
 FON 
 
 159 
 
 Fcedus, foul, filthy, loath- 
 some, ugly. Forfcetidus. ^f Al. 
 from hadus, a goat. Stinking 
 like a goat, ^f Al. from ms'ilr^c, 
 swinish, filthy ; whence uo/Srjc, 
 (the aspirated v changed to F) 
 Fo/S)j£. ^[ Al. for facidus fr. 
 faces, dregs. But thus it would 
 befMdus. 
 
 Fadus, a league, covenant. 
 Fr. o-tfs/Sco, 1 to make a treaty ; 
 pf. mid. eWoiSa, whence spozdus, 
 padus, (as Fallo from 2<Pu\X(o,) 
 then phxdus, the P being aspi- 
 rated as in Fere, Fides, Figo. 
 Or thus : spozdus, sphozdus,pho3- 
 dus. ^f Or from 7reiQw, to con- 
 ciliate ; or nslQopcti, to rely on ; 
 pf. mid. TreVojfla, whence poethus, 
 and fadus, as FiDo is allied to 
 JJsiOco. ^f Al. from hoedus, 
 (softened into phoedus, as <puoo is 
 derived by Donnegan from voo,) 
 a kid. A kid being sacrificed 
 as a ratification of a treaty. 
 
 Fcemina. See Femina. 
 
 Foenum, Fenum, hay. " From 
 the Celtic fan." Au\s\v. ^ Or fr. 
 feo, whence Fecundus. " Na- 
 turalis terr& fetus" says Festus. 
 
 Fcenus. See Fenus. 
 
 Fceteo, Feteo : See Appendix. 
 
 Foliatum, a precious oint- 
 ment made (ex foliis) from 
 leaves, as of the spikenard, 
 myrrh, balm, &c. 
 
 Folium, a leaf. For fulium, 
 and this for fulium fr. tpvWov, as 
 oiXAog, alius ; uKAoo, sallo. 
 
 Folium, the leaf of a book. 
 
 refers /odio to 68bs, a way. That is, to 
 make a way. 
 
 1 *' 2ir4vda>, fut. ffireiaw, as from crirdw 
 or ffireiSo)" Dn. 
 
 As anciently it was the custom 
 to write on the leaves of trees, 
 as of the palm. So our Leaf. 
 
 Foliis, a leathern bag or 
 purse. A pair of bellows, 
 which was apparently a bag 
 made of the hides of animals. 
 Virgil has " taurinis follibus," 
 and Horace " hirc'mis follibus." 
 Also, a ball for playing with, 
 made of inflated leather. Fol- 
 iis, from signifying a bag of 
 money, was used for money it- 
 self. Lampridius : " Cum ha- 
 beret in sorte centum aureos et 
 mille argenteos et centum folks 
 aeris." Crescentius : <( Gran- 
 dern piscem trecentis follibus 
 vendidit." Foliis is fr. MhXic, a 
 bag; iEol. <p6\\i$, whence fol- 
 iis, as qTXXov, fOlium. 
 
 F omentum, a fomentation, 
 application to assuage pain. For 
 fovimentum fr. foveo. Virgil : 
 " Fovit ea vulnus lympha." Co- 
 lumella : " Si genua intumue- 
 rint, calido aceto fovenda sunt." 
 
 Fames, fuel. For fovimes 
 fr. foveo. li Quia ignem fovet 
 et alit." V. 
 
 Fons, fontis, a well, spring, 
 fountain. From f widens, fun- 
 dentis, shortened into funs, fun- 
 tis, then softened into fons, fon- 
 tis. Or changed to fondens, 
 fondentis ; fons, fontis. We 
 have sOboles for sUboles, and 
 perhaps tOnsa for tUnsa. Var- 
 ro : " Fons, unde funditur e 
 terra aqua viva." % Or from 
 Qoovyeis, $cmy)svto$ which utters a 
 sound ; contracted to <$w$, <poov- 
 to$, fons, fontis. 2 ^f Al. for 
 
 2 Al. from x^Jwros fr. x^ vu > to pour 
 
160 
 
 FOR- 
 
 FOR 
 
 fors fr. <popo$, which carries or 
 hurries forward. As Pons from 
 
 n6po$. 
 
 For: See Faris. 
 
 Forago. " Filum quo textri- 
 ces opus diurnum distinguunt. 
 Aforando, qmaforabant eo filo 
 telam ut signo hoc distinguerent 
 pensa." F. 
 
 Foramen, a hole. Fr. foro. 
 
 Foras, out of doors, abroad. 
 Fr. foris. Rather, from Qvpa. 
 was a word fora, whence foras, 
 like Alias. Or fr. %*£, Q6- 
 
 Forceps, forcipis, tongs, nip- 
 pers, pincers. Also, from the 
 form, the claw of a lobster. For 
 ferceps (as KEgxvgu, COrcyra ; 
 extOrris for extErris ; and we 
 may perhaps add vOrtex for 
 vErtex,) for ferriceps fr. ferrum. 
 That is, f err urn quo capimus 
 aliquid. See Forfex. ^f Al. 
 for formiceps, fortnicipis, as 
 properly {forma capiens) grasp- 
 iug hot things. See Formus. 
 The Greeks say %vpuypot. fr. 
 Trvg, nvpos, tire, ctygiai, to sieze. 
 ^f Some refer for in forceps to 
 Germ, feur, fire, allied to nvp. 
 
 Forda, a cow with young. 
 Fr. <popag, <po§a.fo$ (QopUs), a 
 pregnant female. 
 
 Fore, fut. inf. of Sum. For 
 fure (as from QTgx. is fOres) 
 for fuere fr.fuo, whence/warn, 
 fui, &c. Or fore is formed from 
 forem on the model of Amare, 
 Amarem ; and forem is for fu- 
 
 out. X into «I», as in Fames. IF " A 
 <pus. Sic et Hebrsei oculum fontem di- 
 cunt." Isaac Voss. 
 
 rem fr. fuo, fuam, fuerem, fu- 
 rem* 
 
 Forensis, pertaining to the/b- 
 rum. 
 
 Forfex, forficis, a pair of 
 scissars or shears. Forficis seems 
 to be soft for forsicis ; and this 
 for fersicis,ferrisicis (as Forci- 
 pis is for Ferricipis) fr. ferrum 
 seco. Forcellini defines forfex 
 " instrumentum^erreMm quo fi- 
 lum, telam, &c. incidimus." 
 
 Fori is defined by Forcellini 
 " parva? illas semitas intra naves 
 per quas nautae ultro citroque 
 discurrunt ; ita loca ubi sedent 
 vectores ; item ubi nautce se- 
 dentes remigant." From 7ropo» 
 fr. Tropog, a passage. Compare 
 the derivation of Transtrum. 
 Al. from Qogeco, <pogu>, to bear, 
 support. From the senses above 
 given we pass to those of the 
 combs of a bee hive, and the 
 shelves of a book-case. Some 
 translate fori generally " the 
 gangways or hatches, the decks." 
 ^f Al . from foris, without. • ' Quod 
 foris essent ; h. e. non in carina 
 sive alvo navis, ubi velut domi 
 immuues essent a pluviis et ven- 
 tis, sed sub Jove frigido." V. 
 
 Foria, a diarrhoea. And fo- 
 ria, orum, liquid excrement. 
 Fr. tyopu i. e. Qogoi yuvrpo$, vio- 
 lens cursus ventris. 
 
 Forica, public jakes. Fr. $op- 
 v$, f podex;' whenceybn'o, ' caco.' 
 
 Foris, a door. Fr. Qupu, iEol. 
 <pvga, whence fora, as pT\Y), 
 mOla. 
 
 Forma, a shape, figure, form. 
 Transposed fr. y*op<pu. % Al. 
 from Sax. fremman, to frame. 
 In Germ, form, Armor, farm. 
 
FOR 
 
 FOR 
 
 161 
 
 Irish foirm, is the same as for- 
 m.a. x 
 
 Forma, a conduit or con- 
 veyance of water ; an aqueduct. 
 " Quia adhibitis ligneis formis 
 exstruitur." F. % Or fr. «r'l- 
 Qopfiou pp. of <psg'j}, to convey. 
 
 Formalis epistola, a circular 
 letter. As written according to 
 a certain {forma) form. 
 
 Formica, an ant,, Fr. \xvp- 
 r^?> pvpM*°$> JEol. fZvpmxos, 
 whence furmeca (as Fascino 
 from Bx<rxuvab), formeca, (as 
 fOris from QTgot,) formica, as 
 nHyoo, flgo. <j]~ Al. for formi- 
 ca, as in fOrceps, and perhaps 
 vOrtex. Quod fort micas, i. e. 
 farris. Virgil : " Ingentem/or- 
 micce farris acervum." 
 
 Formicans pulsus, a pulse 
 which is quick and short or 
 low, like the motion (formica) 
 of an ant. 
 
 Formicatio, the rising of the 
 body in small pimples, attended 
 with a tingling pain like the 
 stinging (formicarum) of ants. 
 
 Formido, fear, dread, terror. 
 Fr. iAop[Aos, z terror, whence \Lop- 
 |u,co, a hideous spectre. That 
 is, from iEol. jSo'gjxoj, as Formi- 
 ca is from MvppnfjKOc, through 
 Bvppyxos. Ido as in Cupido, 
 Lubido. ^f Al. from forma, a 
 form, i. e. a spectre. 
 
 Formido, a foil or net set 
 with feathers of different colors, 
 as a (formido) terror or scare 
 to wild beasts. 
 
 1 Al. from tipdfxa, whence F6pafia,fo- 
 rama, forma. As ElSos from EtSco, Species 
 from Specio. 
 
 2 A word inserted in Donnegan. 
 
 Etym. 
 
 Formosus, handsome. Qui 
 est bon&forma. 
 
 Formula, a set (forma) form 
 of words. 
 
 Formus, hot. Fr. reQoppcti 
 pp. of Qspoo, I heat ; whence 
 Qoppbs, iEol. Qoppbc, as ®Y\p, <Py)%. 
 % Al. for formus fr. Qegpos. 
 
 Fornax, Fortius, a furnace. 
 Fr. Tivqivos, pertaining to fire; 
 whence 7rupvo$, furnus, fortius, 
 as QT\\i$, fOilis ; vTxtoc, nOc- 
 tis. «[f "From Arab ./or//." Tt. 
 
 Fornix, a brothel, stew. Fr. 
 7ropvr\, a harlot. And, because 
 these places were in vaults and 
 wells under ground, hence for- 
 nix was a vault ; and an arch. 
 Gloss. Vett. : " Fornicaria, irop- 
 vy\, U7T0 xupLagotg y Tcrravrai." For- 
 nix was used also for a trium- 
 phal arch, ^f The first sense 
 of this word is usually under- 
 stood to be an arch or vault ; in 
 which some derive it from for- 
 mis, a furnace, as being arched 
 like it. Others refer it to foro, 
 to perforate. " Idem primd 
 fuere/ormces ac caverna?/' says 
 Pontanu?. Others refer it to 
 (popoo, to bear, sustain. As sim- 
 ply sustaining, or from the idea 
 of every part sustaining the 
 weight placed upon the arch. 
 
 Fortius: See Fornax. 
 
 Foro, I bore, pierce. For 
 poro (as Fere: from IJsp),) fr. 
 7rs7ropa. pf. mid. of itsipu), to 
 pierce. 
 
 Forpex, a barber's scissars. 
 For forphex, forfox. But the 
 authority of the word seems not 
 quite established. 
 
 Fors, fortis, chance, luck, 
 good luck. Fr. vtyopTcti pp; of 
 x 
 
162 
 
 FOR -FRA 
 
 tpsgco. Or at once fr. Qopog, that 
 which bears; as Mogog, Mors. 
 Id quod res secumferunt* The 
 Greeks say Tu 7rg<xypoiT<x. xuxw$ 
 QepsTctt, Things turn out unfa- 
 vorably. They use crvfi^opoL for 
 an accident or occurrence. Wach- 
 ter : " Fatum Graecis dicitur 
 $spov a <p'epeiv, Latinis fors afer- 
 re, quia fatum est ipsa series 
 causarum, quai omnes eventus 
 bonos et malos secum fert." 
 Virgil has " Me, fors si qua 
 tulisset, Proniisi ultorem." 
 
 Forsan, perhaps. That is, 
 fors an, chance whether. 
 
 Forsit, perhaps. That is, 
 fors sit. Or for forsitan, i. e. 
 fors sit an. 
 
 Fortasse, perhaps. For for- 
 tesse, forte esse. Si forte licet 
 esse. 
 
 Fortax. " Cato : * Forna- 
 cem bene struito : facito, fortax 
 totam fornacem infimam com- 
 plectatur/ Videtur fortax esse 
 substructio, quag fornacem in 
 imo cingit et munit ne arcus 
 ejus diducanlur et ruant. (The 
 sides, bottom or compass.) A 
 fortis." F. Or fr. ne^ogTctt pp. 
 of <pspco. % Or fortax is for 
 forctax fr. opx-rlg derived fr. 
 epxoo, (whence opxos) to defend. 
 
 Fortis, stouthearted, manful, 
 brave. Fr. veyoprcti pp. of <pepco, 
 fero, suffero. "Quia fortitudo 
 est virtus perferendarum re- 
 rum." F. 1 
 
 1 Yosaius supposes that fortis was an- 
 ciently forctis. He quotes the XII. 
 Tabu, where however we Uaxeforcli from 
 fortius, which might be put for kurctus 
 fr.ypKTcu pp. uf epKo>, to defend. 
 
 Fortuttus, happening (forte) 
 by chance. 
 
 Fortuna, fortune. Fr. fors, 
 fortis. 
 
 Foruli, bookshelves. See 
 Fori. 
 
 Forum, a market-place where 
 goods* are brought. Also, a 
 public place in Rome where 
 assemblies of the people were 
 held, justice was administered, 
 and other public business, par- 
 ticularly* what concerned the 
 borrowing and lending of money, 
 was transacted. Varro: " Quo 
 conferrent suas controversias, 
 et quae vendere vellent, et quo 
 queeque j err ent, forum appella- 
 runt." Rather, from <popsco, 
 (popw, same as fero. 
 
 Forum. Towns or villages 
 in the provinces where they met 
 for the sake of traffic or market 
 or law were called for a, as Fo- 
 rum Livii, &c. Forum alealo- 
 rium was a gaming room, from 
 its being a kind of traffic or 
 assembly. 
 
 Forus : See Fori. 
 
 Fossa, a ditch. Fr. Jbdio, 
 fodsum, fossum. 
 
 Fovea: See Appendix. 
 
 Foveo: See Appendix. 
 
 Fraceoj I grow musty or 
 mouldy. In allusion to the 
 thickness of (fr aces) lees of oil.* 
 
 Fraces, the grounds or lees 
 of oil, the mash of pressed 
 olives. For frages (which is 
 indeed found in some MSS.) (r. 
 frago, whence fragilis. For- 
 cellini defines fraces, " carnes 
 
 1 In German fratz is rancid, but is re- 
 ferred by Wachter to fracidus. 
 
FR.E- 
 
 FRE 
 
 163 
 
 oleic trapeto contuse et com- 
 minuta?," &c. ^ Or fr.paywfut. 
 %. of pu<r<rca, to dash to pieces. 
 
 Franum : See Frenum. 
 
 Fraga, strawberries. Soft 
 for fragra (as Fragellum for 
 Fragrellum,) fr. fragro. ^f AI. 
 from oa-^qayot. See Fragro. 
 
 Fragilis, brittle. Fr. frago, 
 frango. Easily broken. 
 
 Frogmen, a broken pieee. 
 V or fragimen fr. frago, frango. 
 So Ago, Agmen. 
 
 Frdgor, a crack, crash. Fr. 
 frago , frango. Properly, the 
 sound of anything breaking. 
 
 Frdgosus, craggy, rough, 
 steep. Fr.fr ago, frango. That 
 is, broken. 
 
 Fragro, I have a strong scent. 
 From a verb Q<rQpotTTO[i.ou, (same 
 as da-Qpotivopou, to smell,) pf. mid. 
 •oarQpayot, whence fragus, as 
 from 'Ofagbs is Serus. Com- 
 pare Flagro as to the termina- 
 tion ro. ^f AL from frago, 
 frango. As said of pounded 
 spices. 
 
 Frdmea, a short spear, lance. 1 
 A German word, as Tacitus 
 states. " From frumen, to 
 send. Allied to from, from." 
 W. " The Germans say to 
 this day fraim or friem or 
 pfriem, the Belgians priem" V. 
 
 Frango, fregi, 1 break in 
 pieces. For frago, fr. payca, 
 Fpuyw, (as plyoc, Fplyog, Frigus) 
 fut. 2. of pao-crco, to dash down. 
 Virgil : " Duo de numero cum 
 
 1 " St. Austin contends that it is not 
 a spear but a sword. Perhaps, because 
 in bis time or at least among the Afri- 
 cans it was used in this sense." F, 
 
 corpora nostro Frangeret ad 
 saxum." ^f Al. from /3g«%co, to 
 rattle, clash : as Bpipw, Fremo. 
 From the sound of things break- 
 ing, ^f " From ttebrfrag, rum- 
 pere, frangere." V. ^f Al. from 
 the Anglo-Saxon bracan, brea- 
 can 3 brecan, Germ, brechen, to 
 break. 
 
 Frater, a brother. Fr. <pgu- 
 TYjg, one of the same (ppurgoi, 
 which is explained by Donnegan 
 " the descendants of the same 
 father, a band of persons of the 
 same race, a subdivision of a 
 tribe." % " Welsh and Armor. 
 brawd, Germ, bruder, Gr. $pn- 
 TYjp, Lat. frater, Pers. berader, 
 Goth. brothr, Irish brathair. All 
 from the Celt, bru, the womb. 
 As the Latins say Uterinus." W. 
 
 Fraus, fraudis, guile, fraud, 
 deceit ; the being deceived ; 
 also, any fault, offence, trespass ; 
 also, punishment for such of- 
 fence, loss ; hence any harm or 
 detriment. Fraudis is for fra- 
 dis fr. Qpatyg, knowing, clever. 
 AoXotppatyg is used by Homer 
 for being clever in deceiving. 
 Or from <pgoivty$, poet, for 
 Qpadrjs, as vauog for vctog, &c. 
 Or from a word <ppa$vg, transp. 
 <ppotv$s. At least fr. fpo&co fut. 
 2. of <pgu&> whence <p/j«£ojx«<, to 
 project, plan, machinate. 
 
 Frausus. Plautus : " Ne 
 
 quam fraudem frausus sit." 
 
 Fr. fraus, fraudis, whence 
 
 fraudeo, frausus sum, as Audeo, 
 
 Ausus sum. 
 
 Frax: See Fraces. 
 
 Fraxinus : See Appendix. 
 
 Fremo, I make a great noise, 
 Fr. fipinco, as B\6co, Fluo. 
 
164 
 
 FRE- 
 
 FRI 
 
 Frendeo, Frendo, I gnash 
 with my teeth. Fr. fremo, 
 whence fremidus, fremdus,f ren- 
 dus. So Aveo, Avidus, A video, 
 Audeo. % Al. from the sound. 
 
 Frenum : See Appendix. 
 
 Frequens, frequent, constant, 
 numerous. For fere-coiens, 
 whence fere-cuens (as <pOIvU=o;, 
 pUniceus), whence frecuens, 
 frequens. Fere, commonly, 
 generally. Coiens from coeo. 
 
 Fressus, craunched, bruised. 
 For frensus fr. frendo, I grind 
 the teeth : as Pando, Pansus, 
 Passus. Properly, ground or 
 bruised by the teeth ; and then 
 by anything else. Accius : 
 " Saxo fruges frendes torridas." 
 
 Fretum, a strait, narrow part 
 of the sea. Fr. ferveo, fervi- 
 turn, frevitum, fretum. Varro : 
 " Quod eo semper concurrant 
 aestus et ejferve scant " Compare 
 iEstuarium. ^f Al. from fremo, 
 fremitum, cut down to fretum. 
 
 Fret us, relying on. Fr. fer- 
 veo, fervitum, whence frevitum, 
 freitum, fretum. As Superri- 
 mus, Supreimus, Supremus. 
 Fervor is the same as Qtxpcrog, 
 heat, confidence, (which is fr. 
 TsQcxgo-ai pp. of Qspoo, to heat), 
 whence 8c<g(rvvo$, relying on. 
 
 Frico, i rub, chafe. From 
 
 frio, to bruise into small pieces, 
 
 as from Fodio is Fodico. ^[ 
 
 " From the Syriac PHRK, to 
 
 rub." V. 1 
 
 Fiigeo, I am cold. Fr. piyioi, 
 Fpiyecu, to be stiff with cold. 
 
 1 Al. from, eif/t/ca pf. of iplw, taken in 
 the sense of ij/oc», to rub; whence psico, 
 for softness prico, (as from kNecpas is 
 cllepus,) then frico, as riepl, Fere. 
 
 % Or from <ppiy& fut. 2. of <pp/o-- 
 <roo, to shiver with cold. 
 
 Frigo, I fry, parch. <Pguyoo. 
 Frlgus, cold. Fr.frigeo, or 
 fr. piyo$. 
 
 Frigutio, Fringutio, Fri- 
 guttio, Friguliio, Fringultio, 
 to cry like afringilla. fience 
 to chatter, prate, &c. Forcel- 
 lini says that the word is written 
 in the above five ways, but that 
 the two first seem safer. The 
 two last appear to me to be the 
 best, since the word seems to 
 come either from Gr. (ppsyiKog 
 or $pvyi\o$ a chaffinch, or from 
 \js£.fringilla 9 a chaffinch. 
 
 Fringilla, Frigilla, Frin- 
 guilla, a chaffinch. Diminut. 
 of QgsyiXog or QqvyiXog, used by 
 Aristophanes. 
 
 Frio, I crumble, break into 
 small pieces. Fr. Qpvcjo (whence 
 QpvnTco), JEo\. Qgvw, as Orjp, 
 <PyJ%. If Al. from nqiu), to di- 
 vide by sawing, whence/Wo, as 
 in Fere from Ilepl. *j Al. from 
 jWco, to dash and break, Fpulco, 
 (as in Frigeo,) Fpico. ^ Al. 
 from \f//o;, psio, tor softness prio, 
 whence frio, as before. 
 
 Frit : See Appendix. 
 
 Fritillus, 
 
 Frivolus, worthless, trifling. 
 Fr. frio, to crumble. That is, 
 fragile, brittle. Olus a diminu- 
 tive, as in Sciolus, Aureolus. 
 Then frivolus is soft for friolus. 
 Unless, as from Ango, Anxi, is 
 Anxius ; so from Frio, Friavi, 
 is Friavolus, Frivolus. 2 
 
 2 Al. from <p\vapbs, transp. <ppva\bs, 
 -whence friValus, frivolus. 11 Al. for 
 
FRI 
 
 FRU 
 
 165 
 
 Frixus, from frigo, frigsi, 
 frixi. 
 
 From, frondis, a leaf; a 
 branch with leaves. Ancieutly 
 /runs, frundis. And J'rus and 
 fros without N. Whence frondis, 
 i. e. frundis, frudis, seems to 
 be derived from jBpvdr\v (as Bpepw, 
 Fremo,) fr. ppvoo, to germinate. 
 As from Moptyv (from Melpoo) is 
 Mordeo. Orfru ndis is from fipvov- 
 to$, fipuvToc. Thence fruntis, and 
 frundis, as menTax, inenDax. 
 
 Froris, frontis, the forehead, 
 brow. br. <peovr)$, thought, re- 
 flection. As indicating what we 
 are engaged in thinking.and re- 
 flecting on, or the real state and 
 nature of our thoughts. Some- 
 what as Voltus, Vultus from 
 Volo, Volitum. Plautus : " He- 
 rile imperium ediscat, ut, quod 
 from velit, oculi sciant." Ci- 
 cero: il Non solum ex oratione, 
 sed etiam ex vultu et oculis et 
 fronte, ut aiunt, meum erga te 
 amorem perspicere potuisses." 
 Cicero calls from " animi ja- 
 nua." ^[ Some understand 
 <ppovTi$ here as solicitude; and 
 suppose froris to be properly 
 applied to a forehead carrying 
 anxiety in it. " From solicita, 
 mcesta, gravis, turbida, nubila," 
 are common expressions. ^[ Al. 
 from typovig, (as Tkvoc,, Gens) 
 wisdom, intelligence, discern- 
 ment. As displayed in the fore- 
 head. 51 -A-l. from (pspwv, <pe~ 
 povTo;(<pp6vToc). Cicero: "Haec 
 ipsa fero equidem front e, sed 
 angor intimis sensibus." 
 
 Fronto, having a high, broad, 
 
 fntvalus. Valens tantum quantum frit. 
 
 or prominent (frontem) fore- 
 head. As Capito from Caput, 
 Capitis. 
 
 Fructus, the fruit or produce 
 of the earth ; the fruit or pro- 
 duce of trees ; also, profit, 
 emolument, benefit, use. Fr. 
 fruor, fructus sum. That which 
 we enjoy from the earth. So 
 in the Litany : " That it may 
 please thee to give to our use 
 the kindly fruits of the earth, 
 that in due time we may enjoy 
 them." Fructus horn fruor, as 
 Fluctus from Fluo. ^f Al. from 
 Qpvxros, parched. See Frux. 
 % A\. from fiefipvxTui pp. of 
 fipv^oo, to germinate. 
 
 Frugalis, thrifty. Fr. frugi. 
 
 Fruges : See Frux. 
 
 Frugi, says Donatus, is pro- 
 perly said of one who is useful 
 and necessary. That is, Is 
 unde frugem possis habere. 
 H ence frugi, like Gr. %f»j0-TO£, 
 (from xpuopai, to use ; whence 
 also xpYio-ipos), means good, 
 honorable, honest, worthy. Fru- 
 gi, as applied to a servant, 
 means useful to his master, 
 careful, thrifty, saving. It is 
 also applied to one who is use- 
 ful to himself, and is thrifty and 
 frugal with his own property. 
 It means also, moderate, sober, 
 discreet ; which senses easily 
 flow from the rest. Forcellini 
 defines frux (inter alia) l< recta 
 honestaque vivendi ratio." Ci- 
 cero : " Emersisse aliquando, 
 et se adfrugem bonam, ut di- 
 citur, recepisse." 
 
 Frumentum, corn or grain of 
 all kinds ; wheat, the best kind. 
 For fruimentum fr. fruor. See 
 
166 
 
 FRU- 
 
 FUL 
 
 Fructus. % Al. for frugimen- 
 tum fx.frux,frugis. 
 
 Fruniscor, I enjoy. Fx, fruor, 
 whence fruinor (somewhat as 
 Itiner from Iter), fruiniscor. 
 
 Fruor, I enjoy, reap the 
 fruits of. Fr. pvopcci, I draw to 
 myself; whence Fguopoii, (as 
 fiyog, Fplyog, Frigus,) fruor. 1 
 
 Frustra, to no purpose. Fr. 
 frudo, frusum, (as Rado, Ra- 
 sum, Hastxum ,) fox fraudofr au- 
 sum, as Claudo, Ciudo. Frau- 
 sus is here deceived, disap- 
 pointed, in a passive sense. Or 
 it may be in an active sense : 
 " Quod frustra fit, fraudat de- 
 siderium ejus qui id facit." V. 
 See Frausus. ^f Al. from Qpuva-- 
 toc, iEol. Qgavo-Tog, broken to 
 pieces. As said of hopes and 
 projects dashed. See Frus- 
 tum. 
 
 Frustum, a bit or piece of 
 anything. For fraustum (See 
 Frustra) fr. 8gotv<rTov, iEol. 
 (pgctv<rTov, broken in pieces. 2 
 
 Frutectum, Frutetum, a 
 shrubbery. Vox fruticetum. 
 
 Frutex, a stalk, stem, shoot. 
 Also, a shrub. Fr. fiefigvTou 
 pp. of fipvco, to germinate. As 
 Bgepw, Fremo. 
 
 Frux, frugis, the fruit or 
 produce of the earth ; the fruit 
 of trees. Fr. fruor, fruxus 
 sum. See Fructus. Fruxus, 
 
 1 Al. from (popov/xai, (tppovofxai) con- 
 sidered the same as 4/j.(popovi.iai, translated 
 by Dormegan, " I enjoy abundantly or 
 to excess." 
 
 2 " A frudo, fraud o. Nam, qui frus- 
 tum aufert, parte aliqua. fraudat eum 
 cujus erat integrum." V. This is mere 
 quibbling. 
 
 as Fluo, Fluxus. % Or from 
 <ppuyco, to parch. Virgil : " Fru- 
 gesque receptas Et torrere 
 parant flammis et frangere 
 saxo." Accius : " Nocturna 
 saxo fruges frendes torri- 
 das." % Al. from (Bpvxco, 
 Ppv£a3, fut. 2. (Spuyoo, to eat. 
 
 Fuam, I may be. Fr. Q>6w, 
 fuo, whence fui. 
 
 Fucus, a marine shrub from 
 which was made a dye or paint ; 
 dye, paint ; pretence. <Pvkos. 
 Also, a drone ; i. e. a bee in 
 pretence. " Quod fucum fa- 
 ciat homini, ut qui mentiatur 
 apem.'\ V. 3 
 
 Fucus, a kind of glue with 
 which bees daub their hives. 
 " Perhaps, as being in its color 
 an imitation of wax.*' F. 
 
 Fue, a sound of aversion or 
 contempt. N From the sound. 
 See Fi. 
 
 Fuerem, I would be. See 
 Fuam. 
 
 Fuga, flight. <Pvyvj. 
 
 Fugio, I fly. Fr. Qvyeco Ion. 
 fut. of Qsuyca. 
 
 Fugo, I put to flight. Verto 
 in fugam. 
 
 Fui, I was. Fr. tpvoo, I am. 
 
 Fulcio, I prop, support. 
 " From Hebr. falk, a staffs 
 Tt. If Or from QvKcmij, a 
 guard, whence (pvXotxi^oo, <pv\u- 
 yti&cti, <$v\omiw, (<pv\xta>,) to 
 guard, and so sustain, and sup- 
 port. ^[ Al. from oXxa., pf. 
 mid. of s\xca, to draw ; whence 
 Fokxu,zind folcio, fulcio. "EXxca, 
 from signifying to draw, might 
 
 3 Fucus is referred by Ainsworth to 
 Hebr. puch. 
 
PUL- 
 
 FUN 
 
 167 
 
 signify also to bear, sustain. 
 Horace: " Trahuntque siccas 
 machinae carinas." 
 
 Fulcrum, a prop. Fr. ful- 
 cio, fulturn, as Sepelio, Sepul- 
 tum, Sepulcrum. 
 
 Fulgeo, 1 shine. Fr. ireQtoyu, 
 7rs<po\yci pf. mid. of (pkeyco, I 
 blaze ; whence folgeo, fulgeo. 
 
 Fulgur, a flash of lightning. 
 Fr. fulgeo. 
 
 Fulica, Fulix, a coot. Fr. 
 7roov%, nwvxo$, acc. Trcjovxix, whence 
 fo'ica, (as lisp), Fere,) fuica, (as 
 icoiQt puer) and fuLica, as L is 
 added in fiLius. 
 
 Futigo, soot, smut. For^M- 
 miligo, fr. fumus. As Udus, 
 Udiligo, Uligo. 
 
 Fullo, onis, a fuller. From 
 Sax. fullian, 1 to full. If Vos- 
 sius : " From fivXXwv, participle 
 of/3yAAo'«), fiv\\a>, denso, op- 
 pleo." But /3uAAw is rather to 
 fill up, to stop up, to stuff, than 
 to beat so as to be thick or close. 
 Yet the ideas might flow from 
 one another. % Al. from 7roAiwv, 
 making white, as French filLe 
 from filla; and as vice versa 
 alius from aXAoc. 
 
 Fulmen, lightning. Fr. ful- 
 geo, (whence Fu\gur,) fulgimen, 
 fulmen. So Luceo, Lucimen, 
 Lumen. 
 
 Fulmenta, the sole of a shoe. 
 Fr. fulcimenta fr. fulcio . 
 
 Fulvus, of a deep yellow or 
 tawny color. Fr. fulgeo, fulsum, 
 whence fulsivus, (as Amo, Ama- 
 tum, Amativus ; Fugio, Fugi- 
 tum, Fugitivns,) fulvus. 
 
 See Todd on To Full. 
 
 Fumigo, I fumigate. Fr. 
 fumus. I perfume by smoke. 
 Or fr. 0Ojx*, iEol. <pD/x.#, fumi- 
 gation. So Laevigo, &c. 
 
 Fumus, smoke. Fr. <pv[x,og, 
 iEol. of Qupbs, vapor. 2 
 
 Funale, a candle or taper, 
 consisting of {funis) cord 
 smeared with pitch, tallow, or 
 wax. 
 
 Funales equi, horses bound 
 by a (funis) rope or trace to 
 each side of the two horses 
 which were yoked to a chariot. 
 
 Funda, a sling. Fr. fundo, 
 to throw. Qua funduntur la- 
 pides. Silius: " Volucrem post 
 terga sagittam Fundit." 3 
 
 Funda, a net* Fr. fundo, to 
 throw. (See above.) As Plau- 
 
 tus hi 
 
 rete jaculum from 
 
 Jacio ; and Gr. dtxTvov fr. oeS*?c- 
 rui pp. of Uxo). Also, a bag or 
 purse. From its likeness to a 
 sling ; or from money being 
 thrown into it. As Gr. fiakolv- 
 riov fr. fiaXu) fut. of /3aAAw. Also, 
 the bezel of a ring. From its 
 likeness to a sling. Whence 
 Gr. o-^ev&ovij, a sling, is similarly 
 applied. 
 
 Fundamentum, a foundation. 
 Fr. fundo, avi. 
 
 Funditus, from the very bot- 
 tom, utterly. Ab ipso fundo. 
 
 Fundo, avi, I lay (fundum) 
 the bottom of a thing. 
 
 2 Whence dvfiLaco, dufiiaffis, Qujju&Tbs, 
 translated (inter alia) by Donnegan, "to 
 cause to go off in smoke, — exhalation of 
 vapor, — smoking." So auaOv/judw he 
 translates " to produce exhalations, to 
 cause smoke to ascend," and ava6v[AiS>(icu, 
 '* to exhale, to smoke." 
 
 3 Al. from (r<psv§6vr} (QevSduri) by con- 
 traction. 
 
168 
 
 FUN FUN 
 
 Fundo f I pour, spill, melt, 
 fuse, cast ; let loose, relax ; 
 scatter, diffuse ; scatter abroad, 
 disperse, rout; scatter, extend ; 
 lay prostrate ; pour out, shed ; 
 bring forth ; pour forth, utter ; 
 send forth to a distance, hurl, 
 throw. Yorfudo, whence fudi. 
 Donnegan : ft Fudo is the Greek 
 oSco, (whence vdcop), with a labial 
 aspirate." Or judo is from 
 vfyv from uoo, to sprinkle, ^f Al. 
 from xofyv fr. yjjw ; whence 
 chudo, phudo. See Fames, ^f 
 A\. from crnevlcjo, to pour out a 
 libation; pf. mid. sa-Ttavtcn, aspi- 
 rated £cr<£ov§a, whence sphondo, 
 phondo, (as 2<pdh\a>, Fallo,) 
 fondo,j'undo. 
 
 Fundus, the bottom of any- 
 thing. Fr. ttuvSos, 1 whence irvv- 
 8a£. Hence it is used for the 
 bottom or ground which forms 
 the basis of buildings and houses. 
 (As Solum is so used. Servius : 
 " Unicuique rei quod subjacet, 
 solum est ei cui subjacet/') 
 And so for the whole of an es- 
 tate, "ager cum villa/' Our 
 word Ground, which was used 
 anciently 2 for bottom, and is so 
 still used in the plural Grounds, 
 is used also for earth, land, re- 
 gion ; and for possessions, as 
 " Our neighbour's grounds." 
 Festus says that fundus is so 
 called in this sense, " quod 
 planus sit ad similitudinem 
 fundi vasorum." And John- 
 son explains the use of Ground 
 
 in Matth. xv. 35, %i A multitude 
 sat on the ground," in this 
 manner, " the floor or level 
 of the place." 
 
 Fundus, the chief author of 
 a thing. Cicero : " Nisi is po- 
 pu\us fundus factus esset." That 
 is, the ground of it. 
 
 Funebris, pertaining to a (ju- 
 nus) funeral. As Salus, Salu- 
 bris. 
 
 Funesto, I pollute by the 
 presence (jutieris) of a dead 
 body. Virgil : " Quas nunc 
 artus avulsaque membra Et la- 
 cer umjunus tellus habet." 
 
 Funestus, deadly, fatal. Fe- 
 rensj'unus. Also, polluted by 
 the presence (juneris) of a dead 
 body. 
 
 Fungor : See Appendix. 
 
 Fungus, a mushroom; an 
 excrescence round the wick of 
 a candle. Fr. <r$oyyo$, a sponge ; 
 a mushroom being of a spongy 
 contexture. Hence j'ongus, fun- 
 gus. 
 
 Funis, a rope, cord. Fr. 
 vyfivos, whence schunis,(as pU- 
 nio from ttOIvyj,) chunis, (as 
 SQoiMcq, Fallo,) then phunis, 
 as in Fames, Flos, &c. 3 
 
 Funns, a funeral, funeral pro- 
 cession. As being conducted 
 by the light (jimium, i. e. fu- 
 nalium,) of tapers and torches. 
 ^f Funus is also a funeral pile. 4 
 Whence some trace it to /3ouvoj, 
 a mound. % It is said also of 
 
 1 Some trace fundus (for fudus) to fiv- 
 B6s. B to F, as in Fascino. And to D, 
 as ®ebs, Deus. Others to fievdos. 
 
 2 Johnson quotes au instance from Lib. 
 Fest. : " In the grounde of the sea." 
 
 3 Al. from h, ivbs, a sinew, tendon. 
 Al. from (poivii,, a palm tree. 
 
 4 Suetonius : " Evenit ut repenting 
 tempestate dejecto funere, semiustum 
 cadaver discerperent canes." 
 
FUO 
 
 FUS 
 
 169 
 
 slaughter, and is referred by 
 some to <$ovo$, poet. <povvo$. And 
 some refer it in the sense of a 
 funeral to the slaughter of vic- 
 tims at funerals. 
 
 Fuo : See Fui. 
 
 Fur, a thief. 4>wp. 
 
 Furca, a fork; anything like 
 a fork used as a prop or to bear 
 burdens on; an instrument of 
 punishment resembling a fork. 
 " From Hebr. farkah, to di- 
 vide." Tt. ^f Al. from netpopxa. 
 pf. of Qegoo ; whence a word 
 <popxY). Forceilini defines it 
 " instrumentum quo stramenta 
 moventur vel feruntur ; a fe- 
 rendo." If from fero, as For- 
 cellini supposes, it would be fe- 
 rica, ferca. % Al. from ogxu, 
 (Fopxot,) pf. of a word spao 
 whence eppu, a prop, stay. . ^[ 
 Wachter: " Furch, (Germ.) a 
 fork. Welsh ffwrch, Armor. 
 forch, Anglo-Sax. and Irish 
 fore, Belg. vork. In every body's 
 judgment it is a Latin word. 
 All these words might be re- 
 ferred to brechen, to break. As 
 being broken or split at the end." 
 
 Furfur, bran ; scurf, dan- 
 driff. "From Hebr. farfarah, 
 to break into small pieces." Tt. 
 5T Or from fiopfiogoc, filth ; 
 whence burburis, furfur is. Here 
 the meanings are reversed. 1 
 
 Furice, the Furies. Fr.furo. 
 
 Furnus, an oven. Fr. nvgi- 
 voc, (i:vpvo$,) pertaining to fire. 
 As Fere cum JJspi. % (< From 
 Arab./orn." Tt. 
 
 Furo, 1 rage, am mad. Fr.7rup, 
 nvpos, or Germ, feur j fire. That 
 
 ' Al. from far, redxupl.farfar, furfur. 
 
 Ety 
 
 m, 
 
 is, I am fiery, hot or inflamed. 
 % Al. from (popog, hurrying for- 
 ward, vehement, violent.* 
 
 Furor, I steal. Fr. fur, furis. 
 
 Furtim, by stealth. Fr. fur turn. 
 
 Furtum, theft. Fr.fur. Or 
 contracted from furatum. 
 
 Furunculus : t( A boil or 
 bile ; named from the violence 
 of its heat and inflammation be- 
 fore suppuration. 3 Fr. furo." 
 Tt. Or fr. nog, nvgo$, fire, ^f Al. 
 from fur, furis. See Note 3. 
 
 Furvus, dusky, swarthy, dark. 
 Fr. Trvpa», to burn, or fr. vvp, nv- 
 gog, fire. Hence purivus, pur- 
 vus, and furvus, as Fere from 
 IJsp), &c. Dacier : " Furvus 
 est color qui ex adustione 
 comparatur." ^f Terent. Scau- 
 rus says : '* Furvos dicimus 
 quos antiqui fusvos." Furvus 
 is hence referred by some to 
 fuscus, fuscivus, fusvus. 
 
 Jruscitia, 
 
 Fuscus, brown, tawny, swar- 
 thy, dusky, dark. Tooke : "All 
 colors in all languages must 
 have their denomination from 
 some common object, or from 
 some circumstances which pro- 
 duce those colors. Vossius well 
 derives fuscus fr. (puxncoo, ustulo : 
 ' Nam quae ustulantur ex albis 
 fusca fiunt/ " 
 
 Fusorium, a sink. Fr. fun- 
 
 2 Al. from Qupa, i£ol. <p6pta, to be 
 impetuous, whence Sovpos v Api7S, Impe- 
 tuous Mars. ^T Al. from <pipa>, to confuse, 
 confcnmd. '* Furentes omnia turbant," 
 sajs Vossius. 
 
 3 " In vitibus etiam furunculus dicitur 
 palmed juxta alium palmitem enatus, 
 quod veluti succum vicinis partibus/wre- 
 tur ; vel extuberatio qusedam in inodum 
 rerrucse." F. 
 
 Y 
 
170 
 
 FUS 
 
 GAL 
 
 do, fusum. Locus ubi aliquid 
 
 funditur. 
 
 Fustis, a stake, club, pole. 
 Fr. ev<TTog, scorched, singed. As 
 Firmus from Eip[x.o$. Virgil has 
 " Sudes praeustae." ^[ -A-l. from 
 
 fundo, fusum, to lay prostrate. 
 Virgil : " Nee prius absistit 
 quam septem ingentia victor 
 Corpora fundat humi." 1 
 
 Fusus, a spindle. Vr. fundo, 
 
 fusum. " Quia per ipsumyw^- 
 duntur fila." F. " Alii, quod 
 lanificium in tela attenuatur, 
 eoque in volvendo quasi lique- 
 fieri ac fundi videatur." V. 
 
 Futilis, leaky, easily running 
 out. Hence, prating, blabbing ; 
 and silly, trifling, of no moment. 
 Vr. futio, whence effutio. 
 
 Fut i o, I p o u r f o r th . Futio, i . e . 
 phutio, seems to.be put for chu- 
 tio, (as perhaps Fames, Flos, 
 &c. for Chames, Chios, &c.) 
 from %uto£, poured ; whence a 
 verb yuTiCp, ^vt'ktco, %vtioo. 
 
 Futo, whence Confuto, Re- 
 futo, I make null and void. It 
 seems to be allied to futio and 
 futilis. Futo from futio, as Fu- 
 go from Ftigio, Or from a verb 
 yyxm,yyToi. (See Futio.) If futo, 
 hke futio, is to pour, confuto is 
 to confound, like Confundo. And 
 refuto is to beat back, to repel, 
 as Refundo is used. Forcellini 
 says : " From fundo is futo, 
 futilis, and futum, a kind of 
 
 1 " Faust, (Germ.) Anglo-Sax. fyst, 
 Belg. vuist , Engl. fist. With this most 
 ancient and natural instrument of de- 
 fence, another, called fustis in Latin, 
 seems to have something in common. 
 Compare arm, whence arma." W. Others 
 refer fustis to fiaarbs (fr. /Je^acrrcu pp. of 
 /3c£w) whence fiacrTdfa, I carry. A 
 changed to U, as in /cAAc^tos, cUImus. 
 
 water vessel." But from fundo 
 would be rather fuso, viz. from 
 fusum. Unless, as Pello made 
 Pultum as well as Pulsum, and 
 Maneo Mantum as well as 
 Mansum, so fundo made futum 
 as well as fusum. 
 
 Futuo, i. q. (Sjvsw. A (pVTSUOD, 
 planto. Ut Graeci dicunt «goco 
 et G7reipoo. 
 
 Futurus. Fr. fui, fuitum, 
 whence fuiturus. 
 
 Gabdlus, a gallows ; a wretch 
 deserving the gallows. " From 
 Germ, gabel, a fork ; whence 
 it was applied to a gallows from 
 its likeness." W. % " From 
 Hebr. gabal, a boundary; be- 
 cause it was placed in the 
 boundaries of roads." Ainsw. 
 
 Gabata, - 
 
 G&sum, a heavy dart or jave- 
 lin used by the ancient Gauls. 
 Gr. yuia-Qv. " Chald. gisa. 
 Island, kesia. It was certainly 
 a Celtic invention." W. 
 
 Gagdtes, jet. rayotrvi$. 
 
 Galaxias, the milky way. 
 
 Galba, a mite or maggot in 
 meat. " From Hebr. chalab, 
 (chalb,) fatness. From its fat- 
 ness." Tt. If Others suppose 
 it called a galbo colore. 
 
 Galbanum, the gum on a 
 herb called Ferula. XotXjSuvv). 
 
 Galbdnum, a garment, worn 
 by luxurious women. Salmasius 
 and Vossius think it should be 
 written galbinum, fr. galbus, 
 as from Coccus is Coccinus, 
 and explain it, a garment of a 
 
GAL- 
 
 GAL 
 
 171 
 
 pale green or grass color. Mar- 
 tial : " Herbarum fueras in- 
 dutus, Basse, colores." Statius : 
 V Herbas imitante sinu." It 
 seems to have nothing in com- 
 mon with the gum called gal- 
 banum, unless its color was 
 the same. As the effeminate 
 wore the galbanum, " galbani 
 mores" were used for effeminate 
 manners. 
 
 Galbei or Calbei: See Ap- 
 pendix. 
 
 Galbula, a bird called a wit- 
 w r al or woodwall. A galbo co- 
 lore. It is called Vireo also a 
 viribi colore. 
 
 Galbulus, the nut of the cy- 
 press-tree. A galbo colore, says 
 Turton. 
 
 Galbus. Forcellini translates 
 it " qui colons est viridis vel 
 flavi." Here are two very dif- 
 ferent colors. If galbus be 
 yellow, it has an easy derivation 
 in Germ, gelb, yellow. Com- 
 pare also Gilvus. Some con- 
 sider it as meaning, of a blue or 
 azure color, and suppose it put 
 for galvus fr. y«X«, milk ; as fr. 
 uA>j, syla, is sylVa. 
 
 Galea, a helmet. Fr. yaXea, 
 a weasel. As made of its skin. 
 So xvvsyi is a helmet, as made of 
 (xvvog) dog's skin ; and has so 
 much the meaning of a helmet 
 in general that Homer uses 
 \ktiUyi xvvsy], a helmet of weasel's 
 skin. Properly, a dog's-skin- 
 helmet made of weasel's skin. 
 
 Galena: See Appendix. 
 
 Galericulum, a cap of false 
 hair, periwig. Fr. galerus. 
 
 GaUrita avis, a lark. As 
 having a tuft on its head like a 
 (galerus) cap or helmet. So 
 
 the Greeks called it xogv$ from 
 
 )§vg, 
 
 a helmet. 
 
 Galerus, a round cap or hat 
 like a (galea) helmet. Donne- 
 gan translates jct>vs>) " a cap " in 
 Od. 24, 230. 
 
 Ga/la, a gall, oak-apple. 
 Also, a kind or bad bitter wine. 
 From Germ, gall, bitter, whence 
 our gall i. e. bile. If Or from 
 yuXavog, (yu\vo$) an acorn ; 
 whence galna, galla, as xohoovbg, 
 colNis, colLis. Or from ya- 
 Xuvog was galanula, cut down 
 to galla. % " From Gallus, 
 the river in Bithynia, from whose 
 banks they were brought." Tt. 
 
 Galli, priests of Cybele. From 
 the Phrygian river Gallus, 
 which was supposed to have 
 the power of infuriating. Ovid : 
 "Arnnisit insana nomine Gal- 
 lus aqua. Qui bibit inde, fu- 
 rit." Or, because the temple 
 of Cybele was on the borders 
 of this river. Or there was a 
 Phrygian word gall, meaning 
 mad. Wachter : " Gall, 
 
 (Germ.) mad, raging. Island. 
 gall, Suec. galen. A Phrygian 
 word." ^f Or, if Galli was 
 a term derived from the north, 
 it might be from Germ, gall, 
 castrated ; allied to which is 
 the Suecian galla, to castrate, 
 and gffld, castrated ; and our 
 geld. For the Galli were cas- 
 trated priests. Hesychius ex- 
 plains yotkXog, eunuch, % After 
 all it seems likely that Galli 
 was a Greek word raKKoi. 
 
 Gallica, a kind of slippers, 
 which covered only the sole of 
 the foot and were tied above 
 with strings. As used by the 
 (Gall?) Gauls. 
 
172 
 
 GAL- 
 
 GAU 
 
 Galltna, a hen. Fr. gall us. 
 
 Gallus, a cock. Fr. xolK- 
 Aata, a cock's gills or comb. 
 If Al. from xwxctXoc, which 
 Hesychius says was a kind of 
 cock. Whence xwxaAXor, xa.K- 
 \o$. 5T Al. from Germ, ge?7, 
 libidinosus. Ob notam libidi- 
 nem. 1 
 
 Gamba, the joining of the 
 foot with the leg in animals. 
 Fr. %a\Li:'t\ y a bending. Vege- 
 tius has " i N flex i one geni- 
 culorum atque gambarum" 
 
 Gamma, the Greek letter F. 
 
 Gdnea, a brothel ; also, de- 
 bauchery, revelling. Fr. yavu, 
 Sicilian for yvvoi, a woman. As 
 cAnis from xTvog. ^f Or from 
 yuvog 9 yccveo$, gaiety, cheerful- 
 ness, merriment. Stephens says : 
 " ruvnoLi [perhaps he says, it 
 should be yavur«<] is explained 
 by Hesychius, spendthrifts and 
 profligates ; whence I think ga- 
 neones were called." ^f Al. 
 from yrfho$ 9 Dor. yaivos, transp. 
 yaviog, yuvlot. That is, sub- 
 terraneous, as yjlovios is used for 
 vnoyjoviog. ^f " A yctvciov, for- 
 nix," says Turnebus. But this 
 word seems to want establishing. 
 
 Ganeo, a frequenter (ganecz) 
 of a brothel. 
 
 Gangrana, a gangrene. Ta.y- 
 ypoavot. 
 
 Gannio, I yelp, whine, whim- 
 per. Properly said of dogs 
 rejoicing at the arrival of their 
 
 1 u Fr. ydXXos, castrated ; because 
 this bird was dedicated to Cybele, whose 
 priests were eunuchs. Or fr. galea, a 
 helmet, which its comb in some manner 
 represents." Tt. 
 
 master. Fr. yctvvco, yavvvw* Ho- 
 mer uses yuvvpui of a wife and 
 children rejoicing at a husband's 
 arrival : Tco 8' qvti yvvy xa) vyjtticc 
 
 TSXVCC O'lxc&S VQ(TTr\<Ta.V7l 7T«p/0"Ta- 
 
 Ttxi ovllyavuTOLi. *[f Al.fromyoaw, 
 yoavvufu, as xspaco, xspxvvupi. 
 
 Gargdrlzo, I gargle. rap- 
 yapl^ct). 
 
 Garrio, I talk much, prate, 
 chatter; chirp; croak. Fr. 
 yctpuoo, I speak, utter a sound. 
 Or fr. yrjpvg, yygvos, Dor. yupvoc, 
 the voice. J 
 
 Garrulus, chattering, chirp- 
 ing. Fr. garrio. 
 
 Gdrum, salt-rish, pickle. Ta- 
 pov. 
 
 Gaudeo, I rejoice. Fr.gavio 
 (whence Gavisus), whence gavi- 
 dus, gavideo, gaudeo, as Aveo, 
 Avidus, Avideo, Audeo. ^f AL 
 from yuvpiau), yctugiw, I exult 
 from arrogance or high spirits. 
 Cicero : " Meum factum pro- 
 bari a te, exulto atque gaudeo." 
 P into D, as in caDuceus from 
 xuPuxsov > 
 
 Gaudium, joy. Fr. gaudeo. 
 Gavio, (whence gavisus,) I 
 rejoice. Fr. yaico, ya'l'ca, whence 
 gaVio, as 7ra/«;, paVio. 
 
 Gaulus, a cup like a boat. 
 
 Gaundce or Gaundcum, a 
 thick shag or frieze. Fr. xav- 
 vaxYj, a Persian garment lined 
 with fur. 
 
 Gausdpa, a rough shaggy 
 cloth used for coverlets, &c. 
 
 2 'Eiriydvvvfu is in Donnegan. 
 
 3 Al. for gerrio fr. gerrce. 
 
 4 Al. from yydew, Doric yadeu, whence 
 gatheo, gadeo. But why the U ? 
 
GAZ- 
 
 GEN 
 
 173 
 
 Gaza, the treasures of the 
 Persian king ; riches, wealth. 
 
 Geenna, Gehenna, Hell. 
 
 Gelasianus, a buffoon. Fr. 
 ysXdicjo, ysXa<rco, to laugh. 
 
 Gelasini, dimples produced 
 by laughter. Also, the front 
 teeth, shown in laughter. 2V 
 AacrTvoi. 
 
 Gelidus, cold as (gelu) ice. 
 As Frigus, Frigidus. 
 
 Gelu, ice, frost. Fr. ysKcioo, 
 ys\co, which meant to shine, as 
 well as to laugh. Or nearer 
 thus, as Morin remarks : " Ac- 
 cording to Suidas, ye\ot sig- 
 nified gelu in the language of 
 the Siculi, an ancient dialect of 
 the Greek." f " from Arab. 
 gelid, ice." Tt. 
 
 Geminus : See Appendix. 
 
 Gemitus, a groan. Fr. gemo, 
 gemitum. 
 
 Gemma, the bud of a vine, 
 M vitis oculus." Hence trans- 
 ferred to a gem or precious 
 stone. Fr. geno or geneo, ge- 
 nui; whence genima,(as V ictus, 
 "Victima,) genma, gemma. So 
 Glubo, Glubima, Gluma. That 
 which the vine first produces. 
 This ima is a Greek termina- 
 tion : yovY), yovipo$, yovlpY). % 
 Al. from yepoo, I am loaded. 
 " Quia gemmce turgent," says 
 Jul. Scaliger. 
 
 Gemo, I groan, moan. Fr. 
 yspco, I am loaded or oppressed, 
 i. e. in my mind with grief. 
 Somewhat as «Syj^ovea; fr. aSyj^xaj 
 pp. of abeoo, aSco, I cram full. 
 Virgil has *' Gemuit sub pon- 
 dere cymba." This we may 
 
 translate, groaned under the 
 weight. 1 
 
 Gemonii gradus, Gemonice 
 scalae, Gemonia, a pair of stairs 
 whence condemned persons were 
 cast down into the Tiber. Fr. 
 gemo, A gemitu et calamitate. 
 ^f Al. from a person named 
 Gemonius, who invented them. 
 
 Gemursa : See Appendix. 
 
 Gena, a check, rivvg. 
 
 Gena : See Appendix. 
 
 Genealogus, a genealogist. 
 revsot\oyo;. 
 
 Gener, generi, a son-in-law. 
 Fr. genus, generis. As intro- 
 duced into the (genus) family of 
 the wife's father. " Quia ad 
 augendum genus adhibetur," 
 says Forcellini. ^f Al. from 
 gener o, or fr. geno, genui. 
 " Quia socer eum filia? dat 
 maritum ut liberos ex ea ge- 
 natr V. 
 
 Generalis, pertaining to the 
 race or kind; general. Fr. 
 genus, generis. 
 
 Genero, 1 beget, produce. 
 Fr. geno, genere. See Tolero, 
 Recupero, Desidero. ^f Al. 
 from genus, generis. 
 
 Generosus, born of a noble 
 (generis) race, excellent, noble- 
 hearted. So yvjvouos fr. ysvvoc. 
 
 Genesis, nativity ; the natal 
 hour. rsve<rig. 
 
 Genetrix, Gemtrix, a mother. 
 Fr. geneo, gene turn and genitum. 
 
 Genialis, dedicated to Genius, 
 
 1 Al. from yoJifioov, lamenting. 1F Al. 
 from the North. Germ, jammer is wail- 
 ing, jammern to wail. So Anglo-Sax. 
 geomrian is to wail. (Wachter in Jam- 
 mer.) 
 
174 
 
 GEN 
 
 GER 
 
 the deity who attended every 
 one from his birth to his death, 
 and whose kind influence was 
 supposed to shed happiness 
 around. The Roman adjura- 
 tion " Per Genium Caesaris" 
 the Greeks expressed by "O^vupu 
 Tt)V tov Kalo~ot.po$ Tv^y)v. Hence 
 Torus Genialis. Hence ge- 
 nialis is happy, cheerful, joyful, 
 mirthful. 
 
 Gernculum, a joint or knot in 
 a stalk of corn. Fr. genu. 
 row is used in the same sense. 
 
 Genimen, an offspring. Fr. 
 gerio, genui. 
 
 Genista, 
 
 Gerutor, a father. Fr. geno, 
 gentium. 
 
 Genius, the tutelary Deity 
 who was supposed to attend 
 every one from his birth to his 
 death, and to preside also over 
 places, as cities, fountains, &c. 
 Fr. geno, genui. Aufustius, as 
 quoted by Festus : " Genius 
 est parens hominum ex quo 
 homines gignuntur. Propterea 
 Genius meus nominator qui me 
 genuit." Or,subquogenitussum. 
 
 Genius, appetite ; gluttony. 
 " Perhaps because it was usual 
 to celebrate birthdays, which 
 were sacred to the God Genius, 
 with uncommon cheer/' F. Or 
 because, as was the case, some 
 supposed their own spirit was a 
 Genius. Terence has " suum 
 defraudans genium" 
 
 Geno, genui, I beget. Fr. 
 yivco, whence yiyevcu, ylyvco; or 
 fr. yevsoo, ysvco, whence yeyevY\- 
 pcti. 
 
 Gens, a race, tribe, people; 
 a clan or stock ; a herd, swarm. 
 
 Fr. ysvo;, a race. As Mevo$, 
 Mens ; Mo'poc, Mors. 
 
 Gentiles was applied to for- 
 eign (gentes) tribes or nations 
 by the Romans ; and by Chris- 
 tians to pagan nations. 
 
 Genu, a knee. row. 
 
 Genulni dentes, the back or 
 jaw teeth. Fr. yewg, yewo§, the 
 under jaw-bone. ^[ Al. from 
 gence. Qui sub genis sunt. Or, 
 qui genis dependent. 
 
 Genuinus, real, unfeigned. 
 Fr. geno, genui. As it is born, 
 without fiction. So Gr. yvr)Q~io$ 
 fr. yevvao), yvuco, yVYjO-ca. 
 
 Genus, race, kind, family, 
 species, Tkvog. 
 
 Geographia, geography. jTew- 
 ypufyici. 
 
 Geometra, Geometres, a geo- 
 metrician, rsoo ( asr pyi$. 
 
 Georgicus, relating to hus- 
 bandry, rswpyixoc. 
 
 Gerdius, a weaver, rip^iog. 
 
 Germanus, of the same stock. 
 Hence the expressions Germa- 
 nus frater, Germana soror. 
 That is, ex eodem germine. For 
 germinanus. Germanus is also, 
 true, real, not counterfeit. In 
 which sense it might flow from 
 germino or germen, as Genuinus 
 from Genus, and Gr. yvY)<rio$ fr. 
 ysvvuco, yvoca), yvY)o~w ; and yvv\T0$, 
 as in xctQ-lyvr}T0$. Perhaps this 
 last sense of germanus is the 
 original one. So that " ger- 
 manus frater" is a true genuine 
 brother. And perhaps, as Ger- 
 men is for Genimen, Genmen ; 
 so germanus may be fr. geno, 
 genui, whence genimen, genima- 
 nus, genmanus, germanus. Vos- 
 sius supposes (rather awkwardly) 
 
GEil- 
 
 GIN 
 
 175 
 
 that it arises from the greater 
 sincerity which there exists 
 among brothers than among 
 others. 1 
 
 Germen, a bud, shoot, sprout. 
 Fr.geno, genui, whence genimen 
 (Compare Nomen), genmen, 
 for softness germen. % Al. fr. 
 gero, whence gerimen, germen, 
 
 Gero, 1 take in hand, bear, 
 carry; I carry on, do; I bear, pro- 
 duce. Fr. x^P» X 6 P°S> tne nan o! ; 
 whence a word xepuoo or %eg£co, 
 X e p&> chero, gero. So Gutta is 
 from XVTY), Xvttyj. 
 
 Gerra, trifles, nonsense. 
 Festus says it is taken from the 
 folly of the Sicilians in using 
 (ysppu) wicker shields in their 
 battles with the Athenians. ^[ 
 Al. from yegcov, an old man. 
 
 Gerres, 
 
 Gtrulus, a porter. Fr. gero. 
 
 Gtrundia, gerunds. Fr. gero, 
 whence gerenda, gerunda. For 
 they express things to be taken 
 in hand or done by us : "* Le- 
 gendus mihi est liber." " Veni 
 legendi causa." Or they express 
 things which took place while 
 we were in the course of doing 
 other things : " Legendo mihi 
 contigit valetudo." Black : 
 " Gerund expresses an action in 
 the state of progression." 
 
 Gerusia, a senate-house. Te- 
 povcriot. 
 
 Gestatio, the being carried in 
 a litter. Fr. gesto, gestatum. 
 
 Gesticulor, I use {gestus) ges- 
 tures, gesticulate. 
 
 1 Isaac Vossius notes; " TepfiTjvrt, 
 ffvpijdcia, Arcadio." 
 
 Gestio, I express joy or desire 
 by some motion or gesture of 
 the body; I rejoice, I desire. 
 Fr. gestus. 
 
 Gesto, I bear, carry. Fr. 
 gero, gersi, gessi, gestum. 
 
 Gestor, a tale-bearer. Fr. 
 gero, gestum. 
 
 Gestus, carriage of the body, 
 action or posture expressive of 
 feelings, demeanour. Fr. gero, 
 gestum. So Deportment from 
 Porto. 
 
 Gibbus, bent outwards, con- 
 vex, protuberant. Fr. vfibg, 
 u/3/3o$, whence hibbus, gibbus. 
 ^f Or fr. xv$o$, xv<p<pos, whence 
 giffus (as Kvpsgvob, Guberno), 
 gibbus, as <xp<Pco, am Bo. 
 
 Gibbus, a bunch on the back. 
 See above. 
 
 Gigas, a giant, rlyag. 
 
 Gigno, I beget, produce. Fr. 
 ytyvw, whence ylyvopoti. 
 
 Gilvus, of a yellow color. 
 From Germ. gelb. ^f Al. fr. 
 xippo$, yellowish ; whence kir- 
 rus, kirVus, (as vsvpov, vevpVov, 
 nerVus,) then girvus, (as Ku- 
 fiepvw, Guberno) and gilvus, as 
 piLgrim from peRegrinus, peR- 
 grinus. 
 
 Gingiva, the gum in which 
 the teeth are set. For gigniva 
 fr. gigno, as Cado, Cadiva. 
 " A gignendis dentibus," says 
 Lactantius. 
 
 Gingrlna, a kind of small 
 flute. Feminine of gingrinus, 
 i. e. stridulus ; fr. gingrio, said 
 of geese cackling. *[f Or from 
 yiyyqoig, a kind of short Phoeni- 
 cian flute. 
 
 Gingrio, said of geese cack- 
 ling. From the sound, -^f Or 
 
176 
 
 GIN 
 
 GLE 
 
 from the melancholy sound of 
 the Phoenician flute called yly- 
 ygug. 
 
 Ginnus, a mule, rlvvog. 
 
 Gith: See Appendix. 
 
 Gldber, glabra, smooth, bald, 
 without hair or wool. Fr. yXu- 
 (pvgog, finel} 7 polished, and there- 
 fore smooth. Whence yXutppog, 
 glaphrus, glabrus, as up&w, 
 amBo. 
 
 Glades, ice. Fr. yXaoo, pf. 
 yiyXaxa, (yXuxct,) I shine. Or 
 fr. yXocico, yXci'iw, C introduced 
 as in speCus. % Al. for gela- 
 cies fr. gelo. But what au- 
 thority for this termination ? ^f 
 Al. for glaties from Germ. 
 glut, slippery. " Glacies seems 
 to be nothing but glat-eis, slip- 
 pery ice." W. Perhaps it is 
 allied to Germ, glas, glass. 
 
 Gladiator, a s wordplay er, 
 gladiator. Fr. gladius. 
 
 Gladiolus, applied to two 
 herbs, and so called from the 
 leaves representing a {gladius) 
 sword. One is called by the 
 Greeks %l<piov, qouryaviov, \lu,- 
 Xaigioov, which all signify a little 
 sword. 
 
 Gladius, a sword. For cla- 
 dius, (as Kvfizpvw. Guberno,) fr. 
 xXotiog, a branch. For these, says 
 Vossius, were first used by coun- 
 trymen for swords. Or rather 
 from xXaSaco, xXo&vi, to lop off 
 branches, and so to lop off limbs, 
 &c. If Al. from clades. But 
 A in gladius is short, ^f Quayle 
 refers to Celtic kloidheas. 1 
 
 Glandium, Glandula, a ker- 
 
 1 Classical Journal, vol. 3, p. 121. 
 
 nel in the flesh, a glandule. Fr. 
 glans, glandis. 
 
 Glans, glandis, an acorn; a 
 leaden bullet, in its form : the 
 glans of the neck or nut, from 
 its form. Fr. fixXuvos, iEol. 
 yaXotvoc, by contraction yXuvg. 
 
 Glarea, gravel, coarse sand. 
 Fr. yXoLph, which Hesychius 
 explains by xo^Xct^, a pebble on 
 the sea shore. ^f Al. from 
 xXxca, to break ; whence xXaepog, 
 glarus, broken, gritty. 
 
 Glastum, the herb woad with 
 which they dyed blue. A nor- 
 thern word. Pliny : " Simile 
 plantagini glastum in Gallia 
 vocatur, quo Britanniarum con- 
 juges toto corpore oblitze," &c. 
 Wachter: "From the Celtic 
 glas, sky blue." 
 
 Glaucoma, a disease in the 
 crystalline humor of the eye. 
 rXotvxoofLct. 
 
 Glaucus, azure, sea-green. 
 rxuvxog. 
 
 Gleba, a clod or lump of 
 earth. From xXuoo, to break, 
 might be cleba, (gleba,) some- 
 what as from 'Pww is perhaps 
 RoBur, aiid from nlco is BiBo. 
 That is, a broken piece of earth. 
 *[f A 1. from the north. As allied 
 to our verb To cleave, i. e. to 
 adhere, from its tenacity. Or 
 to our verb To cleave, i. e. to 
 break ; gleba being considered 
 as a fragment. The Gothic 
 klyfa, a segment, is mentioned 
 by Serenius. 
 
 Glessum, amber. A German 
 word. " The most simple and 
 primitive is the Danish glise, 
 whence the Islandic glys, splen- 
 dor. Hence the most ancient 
 
GLI 
 
 GLO 
 
 177 
 
 of the Germans derived gless, 
 amber, and glas, glass." W. 
 The Greek yXaua-troo is to shine. 
 
 Glis, gliris, a dormouse. Fr. 
 hksio$, JEol. yeXeib$, (like.Twoj, 
 yivvo$,) cut down to y\si$, some- 
 what as yxXavog to yXoiv$. ^f 
 A!, from glisco, I grow larger. 
 " Because it is always found 
 fat," says Turton. Martial : 
 " Tota mihi dormitur hyems, et 
 pinguior illo Tempore sum, 
 quo me nil nisi somnus alit." 
 Ausonius : " Die cessante cibo, 
 somnoquis opimior est ? glis" 
 
 Glisco, I desire greatly, aspire 
 to, strain after. Statius : " Et 
 consanguineo gliscis regnare su- 
 perbus Exuie." Fr. yxl%ca 
 (whence yxixopou), whence yhl- 
 
 ^X 00 ' ( as *X M > '^X 00 ) whence 
 yAur^oc. Hence in Virgil : 
 " Accenso gliscit violentia Tur- 
 no," glisco seems to mean me- 
 taphorically to mount, to rise. 
 Thus Nitor is explained by For- 
 cellini, " to strive, strain, exert 
 
 oneself to tend vigorously 
 
 towards, move, rise or mount 
 forwards, advance." Hence 
 again, glisco is to grow, increase, 
 become large. 
 
 Globus, a round body, ball, 
 bowl ; also, a troop, squadron, 
 crowd. Fr. glomus, whence 
 glomibus, globus. Bus, as Ber 
 in Saluber, Sec. Or, as Super- 
 bus is for Superivus, Supervus, 
 so from glomeris might be glo- 
 merbuSy contracted to globus. 
 % Or, as fiuXuvos among the 
 iEolians became yxXavog, so 
 /3oXi3oj might become yoXfiog, 
 yXofiog. BoXfiog is an onion, 
 and might thence mean any 
 Etym. 
 
 round body. Thus Johnson 
 defines Bulb " a round body 
 or root." 
 
 Glocio, said of hens clucking. 
 Fr. xXw^oo; pf.xsxXa)%ot., (xAdup^a), 
 whence clocio, glocio. ^] Al. 
 from the north. Germ, gluck, 
 Engl, cluck, Anglo-Sax. cloccan, 
 formed perhaps from the sound. 
 
 Glomero, 1 form into (glo- 
 mera) clews or balls. 
 
 Glomus, glomi ; and Glomus, 
 glomeris, a clue of thread. Fr. 
 xXob<ry,ct, thread or wool spun, 
 or a ball of thread ; whence 
 glosmus, glomus. The O in 
 these words is usually short, 
 but Lucretius has it long in 
 Glomere. 1 ^f Al. from globus, 
 whence globimus, glomus, as 
 Glubo, Glubima, Gluma. % 
 " From the oriental GLM, in- 
 volvere, glomerare." V. 
 
 Gloria, glory. Fr. yXuvgo$, z 
 (fr. yXuvoo whence yXavcrcru),) 
 shining, splendid, whence also 
 is Clarus. Forcellini explains 
 gloria " cl a Ritas nominis, 
 splendor." Herodotus has 
 K^irqoTOLTfi tsXsvty] Tov /3»ou, a 
 most splendid or glorious end of 
 life, ^f Al. from xXeog, xXeog, 
 fame ; whence a supposed word 
 xXsogloi. 
 
 Glorior, I boast. Fr. gloria, 
 vainglory. Cicero has " osten- 
 tationis et gloria." 
 
 Glos, a husband's sister. T*- 
 Xoog, contr. yXu>$. 
 
 Glossa, Glosslma, an anti- 
 
 1 " Nam si tantundera est in Ian» 
 glomere, quantum" &c. 
 
 2 See Wachter in Grell. 
 
 Z 
 
178 
 
 GLU- 
 
 GRA 
 
 quated or foreign word or ex- 
 pression. rX00(T<ra., y\W(T<TYI[Jl,OL. 
 
 Glubo, I peel, bark. Fr. 
 yXuQ'jo, (as cl[j.<Poo, am Bo,) I en- 
 grave, cut ; whence yXv^uvov, a 
 penknife. 
 
 Gluma, the husk of corn. 
 Fr. glubo, whence gluhimu, 
 gluma. 
 
 Glus, glutis, glue, solder. 
 Fr. yXoibc, (yXo);,) sticky, vis- 
 cous, ^f Al. from the north. 
 Welsh glud, Engl, glue. 
 
 Glut glut, formed from the 
 sound of a liquor falling from a 
 vessel with a narrow mouth. 
 
 Gluten, glue. Fr. glus, glu- 
 tis. 
 
 Glutio, I swallow. Fr. glutus, 
 the throat. % Or from yXv^oo, 
 (pp. ysyXvTui,) which Stephens 
 quotes from a Vet. Lex. 
 
 Gluio, a glutton. Fr. glutus. 
 % Or fr, y\6&. See Glutus. 
 
 Glutus, the throat. From 
 yeyXvToci pp. of yXv^oo, to swal- 
 low. See Glutio. ^[ Al. from 
 the sound glut made by the 
 throat in swallowing. See 
 Glut. 
 
 Glutus, compact (instar glu- 
 tis) like glue. 
 
 Gnaruris, anciently used for 
 gnarus. 
 
 Gnarus, knowing, skilful, 
 practised. Fr. yvoco, (whence 
 yvwo-Hco, yiyvwo~xco,) to know ; 
 whence yvospbg, yvcapoc, (whence 
 yvwgl^oo,) knowing ; iEol. yv<xgb$, 
 as ilp&Tog is in iEolic npoirog. 
 The O appears in ignOro from 
 ignArus, i. e. in-gnarus. % Al. 
 from Sax. cnazoan, to know. 1 
 
 1 Al. for narus from nans. As pio- 
 
 Gnascor, I am born. Fr. 
 gnaor fr. ysvvaojxaj, yvaojw-ai, I 
 am born. 
 
 Gndtho, a parasile. Fr. yva,- 
 Qo$, a jaw. 
 
 Gnatus, born. Fr. gnaor, 
 gnascor. Al. from ysvvYjTos, Dor. 
 yevvtxTOC, yvuTo$. 
 
 Gnavus, active, industrious. 
 For gnaus, (as cobv, oVum,) fr. 
 ysvvctio$, whence y voiio £, (as ysvvotco, 
 yvuoo, whence Gnaor, Gnascor,) 
 y 'v '610$, gnaus, as xpAhvXvi, xpAcirb- 
 Xyj, crApula. Stephens translates 
 ysvvaioj Strenuus, and Forcellini 
 explains gnavus Strenuus. 
 
 Gnomon, a dial-pin. Fvcojxwv. 
 
 Gnosco, I know. Fr. yivw<r- 
 xco, yvaxrxct). 
 
 Gnostici, Gnostics. rvcuo-Ti- 
 xo/. 
 
 Gobius, Gobio, a gudgeon. 
 Koo(3i6$. 
 
 Gomphus, a nail. rop<po§. 
 
 Gongylis, a turnip, royyv- 
 
 Gorgones, the Gorgons. r<*p- 
 yovsg. 
 
 Grabatus, a small couch. 
 Kpufiotroc. 
 
 Gracilis, slender, lean ; slen- 
 der-waisted ; light, easy. Fr. 
 ykypaxa, (ypuxot,) pf. of ygctw, 
 to consume. That is, wasted, 
 thin. Or fr. ypalco, (whence 
 yuyyguivx,) whence graCio, as 
 (77reo$, speCus. (See Jacio and 
 Facio.) Hence gracilis, as Facio, 
 Facilis. Or from a word ypusw, 
 whence graCeo and craCeo. 
 Ennius has cracentes. 
 
 Graculus, a jack-daw. Fr. 
 
 perly applied to the nose having a quick 
 scent. 
 
GRA* 
 
 GRA 
 
 179 
 
 xopoi%, xopctxog, (xpuxog,) a raven ; 
 whence gracus, and graculus, as 
 xopotxiug is a jackdaw fr. xopaxog. 
 ^f Al. from xpa£co, to croak ; 
 fut. 2. xpayw. 
 
 Gradatim, step by step, gra- 
 dually. Fr. gradus. 
 
 Grddilis panis, bread given 
 from the bake-house steps, 
 which were in every district of 
 the city. Prudentius : " Et 
 quern panis alit gradibus clis- 
 pensus ab altis." 
 
 Gradior : See Appendix. 
 
 Gradivus, Mars. Fr. xpot- 
 daoo, xpothco (whence xpo&oilvoo,) to 
 vibrate, i. e. a spear. Whence 
 cradivus, gradivus. Ivus, as in 
 Cadivus. ^f Or fr. gradior. 
 From his stalking (See Gras- 
 sor) in the field of war. Fes- 
 tus: " Agradiendo in bellaultro 
 citroque." Wachter combines 
 each reason: " Graviter ince- 
 dens et incessu hastam quatiens." 
 
 Gradus, a step, pace. In 
 the plural, steps, stairs. Gra- 
 dus is also a degree, rank, 
 condition. In relation to the 
 orders of men arranged one 
 above another, as boards in 
 stairs. Also, as much ground as 
 is dug by a single exertion of the 
 spade or pickaxe. Fr. gradior. 
 
 Grcecor, I use the soft diver- 
 sions or luxurious manners 
 (Grcecorum) of the Greeks. 
 
 Gracus, Grecian, rpctixog. 
 
 Grains, Grecian. Apparent- 
 ly from rpctixos, rgctios. 
 
 Grails, stilts, crutches. Fr. 
 gradior, whence grada, gradula, 
 gradla, grails. 
 
 Grdmen, grass. Fr. ylyqu- 
 ftai pp. of ygoico, to eat. Or for 
 
 grasmen fr. ysypoca-fxut, as from 
 yeypoMTToti is ypao-ris, grass, ^f 
 " For gradimen fr. gradior, to 
 creep along. From the exten- 
 sion of its roots." Tt. 
 
 Gramice, rheum in the eye. 
 For glamia, (we have vaRius 
 from fiat Ails, seRia from a-yAlcx,,) 
 from ykufAYi, same as gramia. 
 Festus : " Gramics, quas alii 
 glamas vocant." 
 
 Gramma, the four and twen- 
 tieth part of an ounce. Fr. 
 ypapfiot, whence ypappoiqiov in 
 the sense of gramma. Fannius 
 supposes it adduced from there 
 being four and twenty (ypap- 
 [icitol) letters in Greek. 
 
 Grammdteus, a scribe. Fpuy,- 
 ptXTsug. 
 
 Grammatica, grammar. Tpat^- 
 
 (JLUTlXr}. 
 
 Grdndrium, a granary, where 
 (grand) grains of corn are kept. 
 
 Grandis, big, large. Fr.gra- 
 num, granidis, (as Vireo, Viri- 
 dis,) grandis. As big as grain. 
 See Grando. Vossius explains 
 it: "qui habet granum ; " and 
 quotes u grandia farra," " gran- 
 dia frumenta," "vegrandes mes- 
 ses." % Al. from grando. As 
 big as hail. ^f Al. for gradis fr. 
 gradior, in the sense of Gras- 
 sor, I stalk. N, as in deNsus. 
 
 Grando, hail. Fr. granum. 
 (See Grandis.) From its simi- 
 larity in shape and size to grain, 
 ^| Al. from grandis, large. Fes- 
 tus : " Grando, guttae aquae 
 concrete solito grandiores. iy 
 If Quayle notices Celt. gran. 
 
 Granea. Jerome : * Primi- 
 tias spicarum quando defere- 
 bantur, torrebantur et grana 
 
180 
 
 GRA 
 
 GRA 
 
 comedebantur ; quod genus cibi 
 vulgo gra?ieas vocant." 
 
 Granum, a grain of corn, 
 Fr. ygxco, to eat. As Vossius 
 derives Hebr. bar, corn, from 
 barah, to eat. % " From 
 Hebr. gar an, [gran,] corn." Tt. 
 ^[ Wachter notices Belg. grain, 
 Germ, kern, and adds : " Gra- 
 num sic dictum volunt a geren- 
 do, quod fructum ferat." Thus 
 granum is for geranum. ^f 
 Todd : " From Icel. and Nor v. 
 grion, corn, fruits of the earth ; 
 from the Su. Goth, gro, to 
 germinate, to grow." 
 
 Granum, the seed or kernel 
 of fruit, as being somewhat 
 similar to grains of corn. 
 
 Graphicus, exquisite, done to 
 the life. rpu<pixo$. 
 
 Graphis, the designing of a 
 piece ; &c. rpctfl$. 
 
 Grdphium, an iron pen with 
 which the ancients wrote on 
 tablets covered with wax. rpu- 
 
 Grassator, one who goes up 
 to men and robs them. Fr. 
 grassor, i. e. aggredior. 
 
 Grassator, a parasite who 
 goes up and down in the streets, 
 and goes up to any rich man he 
 meets, to get victuals. Hence 
 poets from their poverty seem to 
 have been called grassatores. 
 See above. 
 
 Grassor, 1 go on, advance. 
 Also, I make advances and 
 come up to passengers to rob 
 them. Fr. gradior, gradsus or 
 grassus sum. 
 
 Grates, thanks. Fr. p^apiTsj, 
 whence xpuirss, spares, grates. 
 
 Gratia, thanks, gratitude. 
 
 Fr. gratus. Also, good will, 
 favor, grace ; pleasantness, agree- 
 ableness. Quae gratos facit. 
 Gratia and In gratiam, from 
 a good will to, from favor to, 
 on account of, for the sake of. 
 
 Gratite, the Graces. (i Ab 
 ea gratia notione, qua pro ve- 
 nustate ac lepore accipitur.' , 
 F. Xapireg is explained by Don- 
 negan " the Goddesses through 
 whose favor agreeable qualities 
 and personal charms are be- 
 stowed on mortals." 
 
 Gratis, freely, gratis. For 
 gratiis, from good will, from 
 kind offices, without prospect of 
 compens~ation. 
 
 Grator, I. congratulate ano- 
 ther. That is, I profess that a 
 person's prosperity is grateful to 
 me. Fr. gratus. 
 
 Gratuitus, given (gratis) 
 freely. 
 
 Graiulor, I congratulate. Fr. 
 grator. 
 
 Gratus, grateful, thankful ; 
 grateful, pleasing, agreeable, i. e. 
 deserving thanks. Fr. grates. 
 
 Or fr. x«?^> xk lT0 $> XP" iT0 S> 
 XpoiTo;, chratus. 
 
 Gravedo, a stuffing of the 
 head, catarrh. Quae gravis est 
 capiti. As Dulcis, Dulcedo. 
 
 Grdvidus, heavy, laden, big. 
 Fr. gravis. As Vivus, Vividus. 
 
 Gravis, heavy, weighty, &c. 
 Fr. (Soigvg, transp. f}§uvc, .(Com- 
 pare Grates,) iEol. ygotvc, (as 
 BXsQapov is in iEolic rAe'<p«- 
 gov,) whence graVis? 
 
 Grdvo, I burden, load. Fr. 
 gravis. 
 
 1 Al. from Germ. grob. 
 
GRA- 
 
 GUM 
 
 181 
 
 Graxo, I cry out. Fr. xgufa, 
 
 XpuZcD.^ 
 
 Grtrnium, a lap, a bosom. 
 Fr. gero, whence a word geri- 
 mus, (as from Alo is Alimus, 
 whence Almus,) thence a word 
 gerimium, contracted to ger- 
 mium, gremium, 
 
 Gressus, a step. For grassus 
 fr. gradior. 
 
 Grex, gregis : See Appendix. 
 
 Grlphus, a riddle. rp~i$o$. 
 
 Groma, Gruma, an instru- 
 ment to measure out the ground 
 for quarters and to fortify a 
 camp. Soft for gnoma (as 
 cReperus from xNs$a$) f fr. 
 yvui\L?i, same as yvcu/xcov, a rule. 
 
 Grossus, thick. From Germ. 
 gross. % Or, (if this is from 
 the Latin,) fr. xgvozig, xgvoso-<ru, 
 thick like ice ; whence xgvov<r<ja, 
 xpouvcrct. Or fr. xpvosig, xpvovg, 
 xpovg. As Crassus from KpStg. 
 
 Grossus, 
 
 Gruma: See Groma. 
 
 Grumus, a hillock of earth, 
 stones, &c. Fr. gruo, i. e. con- 
 gruo, to meet. Hence grui- 
 mus, (as in Alimus, Almus,) 
 grumus. Dacier : " Quod terra 
 multa et mulii lapides coeant 
 et congruant ad grumum effici- 
 endum." ^f Or fr. xpvpog, ice, 
 congelation ; hence applied to 
 any thick or concrete body. 
 
 Grundiles Lares : See Ap- 
 pendix. 
 
 Grundio, Grunnio, soid of a 
 hog grunting. Grwidio is for 
 grudio fr. ypvfyv fr. ypv^co, to 
 grunt. Or it is from the same 
 northern word whence our grunt. 
 Grunnio appears to be soft for 
 grundio. Or it is from Anglo- 
 
 Sax, grennian, or Sax. grunan. 
 
 Grus, gruis, a crane. Also, 
 the instruments called the crane, 
 from a likeness to a crane's 
 beak. 1 Fr. yepotvog, contracted 
 to yspog, whence gerus, grus. 
 Or contracted to yspctog, yigcog, 
 ypoog, whence grus, as <p£Lp, f Or. 2, 
 
 Gryllus, a cricket. rpuKKog 
 (which means a pig) may have 
 meant a cricket; from ygu^oo, 
 which, from meaning to mutter, 
 to utter a sound, may have meant 
 to chirp. 
 
 Gryps, a griffin, rputy, 
 
 Grypus, having a crooked 
 nose. rpV7rog. 
 
 Guberno, I steer a ship ; di- 
 rect. Kvfispvco. 
 
 Gula, the gullet, windpipe. 
 Fr. ysvoo, or yeuoiLoti, to taste. 
 As KoiUxoLvla fr. Xoivca, kekuvxa, 
 to enjoy, % Al. from yuoiXov, 
 (yu\ou,) a cavity. Or from a 
 word yvXrj, formed from yvoo, 
 whence yvaKov. % " From 
 Rebr. ghalah." Tt. 
 
 Gumen, the same as gummi. 
 
 Gumia, a glutton. Fr. yopog, 
 ballast, Lat. saburra, whence 
 Plautus : "Ubi saburratjs 
 swmus, largiloquae sumus," i. e. 
 stuffed or crammed with good 
 cheer. Hence gomia, gumia. 
 As xOjDtfu, gUmmi. ^f Or yo- 
 pog may at once be taken in the 
 sense of heavy loading, as it is 
 fr. yefjLoo, ysyopct. ^T -A I. from 
 ysysvpcii pp. of yevca, whence 
 yevu.cn, a taste. 
 
 1 Wachter in Kran. 
 
 2 Al. from Germ, krcehe, a clamorous 
 bird of any kind. (Wachter in voc.) The 
 Welsh crio, to cry out, has been com- 
 pared with gruis» 
 
182 
 
 GUM- 
 
 HAB 
 
 Gummi, gum from trees. 
 Koppi, whence gommi, gummi. 
 
 Gurdus, doltish. A Spanish 
 word. Quintilian : " Gurdos, 
 quos pro stolidis accipit vulgus, 
 ex Hispania duxisse originern 
 audivi." The Spanish, says 
 Vossius, use gordo to this day 
 for fat. 
 
 Gurges, a whirlpool. From 
 yopyoSi swift, impetuous, % Or 
 for gyrges, gy rages, from gyro 
 ago. Or fr. yvpo$, gyrus ; the 
 second G added, as the second 
 B in /3aX/3}^, and the second n 
 in TropnY}. 
 
 Gurgulio. See Curculio. 
 
 Gurgustium: See Appendix. 
 
 Gusto, I taste. Fr. yeysva-rcti 
 pf. of ysvopai, I taste. 
 
 Gutta, a drop. Fr. xvtyj, 1 
 j£UTTq, fr. xexvToti pp. of %uw, 
 to pour out. ^f Ai. from Goth. 
 giutan, to pour. 
 
 Guttdtim, drop by drop. Fr. 
 gutta. 
 
 Guttdtus, spotted with specks 
 like drops. From gutta or 
 gutto. Ovid : " Nigraque cce- 
 ruleis variari corpora guttis." 
 Chaucer : " In clothis black, 
 bedropped all with tears." 
 
 Guttur, the throat. Fr. yevo- 
 fiui, to taste ; (See Gula) pp. 
 yeysv<TTcti, ysycVTTOu, as tt/ot^, 
 
 Guttus, a vessel with a nar- 
 
 1 As x^H- a fr°m Kexvfiai. 
 
 2 Al. from x uT ^ s > X VTT ^ S > (See Gutta) 
 fr. xv® ', to pour out, or pour in. % Al. 
 from a sound gut made by the throat in 
 drinking. As some derive German Gut- 
 ter (a vessel with a narrow mouth) from 
 the same sound. 
 
 row neck ; a cruet. Vr. gutta. 
 Liquid being poured into it 
 drop by drop. The Greeks 
 call this action £?n\|/sxa£«; fr. \[/e- 
 xa$, a drop ; and the Latins 
 Irroro from Roris. ^f Or fr. 
 X VT °St (See Gutta) fr. xvco, to 
 pour, % " Est et Gr. yovTo$, 
 hrixuQov yevo$, Etym. Magn." 
 Isaac Voss. 
 
 Gymnas, the exercise of 
 wrestling. ru[iva$. 
 
 Gymnasium, a school for 
 wrestling ; a school, rvpvuaiov. 
 
 Gymnasticus, Gymnicus, 
 Gymnosophista, Greek words. 
 
 Gynaceum, a female apart- 
 ment. rma.iy.siov. 
 
 Gypsum, plaster resembling 
 lime. r6tyo$. 
 
 Gyrus, a circle, ring, maze. 
 rvpog. 
 
 H 
 
 Ha, a particle of ridicule or 
 censure. From « ; or, as some 
 write, a. Germ. ha. Yet all 
 might have been formed inde- 
 pendently from the sound. 
 
 Hdbena, a rein. Fr. habeo ; 
 as held by the hand. Or habeo 
 is inhibeo, prohibeo ; as check- 
 ing a horse. 
 
 Habeo, I hold, keep, have; 
 keep in, &c. From the north. 
 Germ, haben, Goth, haban, Ice- 
 land, hafa, Anglo-Sax. habban, 
 habban, Engl. have, ^f Or, 
 if all these are from the Latin 
 or the Greek, fr. k<puui or d$<xa),* 
 I handle ; or fr. d<pr), a hold ; 
 
 3 For cKpau is fr. Sittoj, pf. ^a, &(f>a. 
 
HAB 
 
 HAM 
 
 183 
 
 or rather from afco i. e. « 
 fut. 2. of an™, whence ap>j 
 Hence hapheo, habeo, as vs0sA>j, 
 neBula. 
 
 Habilis, fit to be held or 
 handled or worn or used. Fr. 
 habeo. Ovid : " Vestis bona 
 qua?rit haberi." That is, to be 
 worn or used. Hence habilis 
 is fit or suited to any purpose. 
 
 HdbiUter, easily. Fr. habi- 
 lis. That is, aptly. 
 
 Habit o, I inhabit. Fr. ha- 
 beo, habitum. Ennius : " Quae 
 Corinthum arcem altam habe- 
 bant? Plautus : " Quis istic 
 habet?" So Brunck explains 
 %yzi in Soph. Phil. 22. by xut- 
 oixel. 
 
 Habitudo, condition or con- 
 stitution of body. Fr. habitus 
 i. e. corporis. The Greeks say 
 e£i$ fr. s^co, e%co. 
 
 Habitus, plight, condition, 
 state, fashion. Fr. habeo, habi- 
 tum. Modus quo res se habent. 
 The Greeks say ff^pjjxa fr. s%oi), 
 
 Qew H&rtticus, heretical. Alpsri- 
 
 £ 
 
 e<rxco, ea-xecQ, pp. ecrp^ai, 
 
 bitus is also, dress, attire, fr. 
 
 habeo, to wear. See Habilis. 
 
 Hactenus, thus far. Hac 
 tenus. 
 
 Hcec: See Hie. 
 
 H&dus, Hadus, Hedus: See 
 Appendix. 
 
 Hcemorrhois, a poisonous 
 -African serpent, whose bite 
 caused blood to flow from all 
 parts of the body. Alpoppolg. 
 
 Hareo, I stick. Fr. alpsco, 
 to prefer, choose, and so cleave 
 to, cling to. 
 
 Hares : See Heres. 
 
 Haresis, a doctrine : sect. 
 .Aye<rt$. 
 
 xo$. 
 
 HcESito, I am perplexed, hesi- 
 tate. Fr. hareo, hcesum, to 
 stick. 
 
 Halcyon : See Alcyon. 
 
 Halec : See Alec. 
 
 Hdliceetus, the sea-eagle. 
 'AXictisTog. 
 
 Halitus, 2l breath, gasp ; ex- 
 halation, vapor, damp. Fr. 
 halo. 
 
 Halo, I breathe, breathe out. 
 Fr. aw or aa>, to breathe ; 
 whence hao, halo, as from aaog 
 is saLus for saiis. So L is per- 
 haps added in Filius and Fulica. 
 % Or fr. ^«Aaco, %aXw, to open, 
 expand, yield. Lucretius : " Et 
 nardi florem, nectar qui naribus 
 halat." 
 
 Halosis, a capture. "AXoo- 
 
 Halter, leaden weights which 
 prizefighters held in their hands, 
 while they jumped. That is, 
 u\TY}q, fr. olXtolx pp. of aWopai, 
 I leap. 
 
 Hdma, a water-bucket. Fr. 
 u\m\, which is so used by Plu- 
 tarch. 
 
 Hdmaxo, I yoke to (xpu%ci) a 
 waggon. 
 
 Hamus, a fisher's hook; hence 
 used for anything curved. For 
 hammus fr. a^cti pp. of uktco, 
 to connect, fasten one thing to 
 another. Forcellini explains ha- 
 mus " uncus ex quo piscatores 
 escam sdspendunt." % Or 
 from Celt. hame. " Both ha- 
 mus and hame are derived from 
 Celt, camm, curved." VV. % 
 " From «ju,»}, a reaping hook," 
 says Haigh. 
 
184 
 
 HAP- 
 
 ■HEL 
 
 Haphc, the yellow soft sand 
 which wrestlers in a patastrum 
 rolled themselves in, having pre- 
 viously anointed their bodies 
 with oil. 'A$y). 
 
 Hdra : See Appendix. 
 
 Hariolus: See Appendix. 
 
 Harmonia, harmony. 'Appo- 
 vIol. 
 
 Harpa, a harp. A word of 
 very late introduction into the 
 language. Probably from the 
 north. Anglo-Sax. hearpe, 
 Germ, harfe, harpfe. % Al. 
 from clpvYi, a scythe. As being 
 curved like a scythe at the end. 
 
 Harpdgo, a crook, grappling- 
 hook, drag. 'Apnoiyy). 
 
 Harpdgo, I seize, drag. Fr. 
 uQZoiyu) fut. 2. of dgncl^oo. 
 
 Harpastum, a kind of hand- 
 ball . 'ApTTCLVTOV. 
 
 Harpe, a falchion. "Aqitri. 
 
 Harpuice, the Harpies. *Ap- 
 Ttmcti. 
 
 Hdruspex: See Aruspex. 
 
 Hast a, a spear. From the 
 north. Suecian kasta* Engl, 
 to cast. % Or from x u<TT *l **"• 
 x's^aa-Tcti pp. of %a£w, to hold. 
 As zy/ps is f° r sx°s fr° m ^X 00, 
 Homer has eyx°S *X°° V ' 11 Or 
 from %aco, xex ci0 ' TCU > to make a 
 hollow, to pierce, whence cx^oo, 
 (rxu& f and x^P 00 » whence x aL ~ 
 pcc(r<ra), xoigx&poSf &c. 
 
 Hasta, an auction. For an- 
 ciently it was the custom, at the 
 sale of things taken in war, to 
 put up a spear in token of 
 their being taken. 
 
 Hastati, the first line in the 
 
 Wachter in Catcia. 
 
 Roman legion. As being anci- 
 ently armed with a spear. En- 
 nuis : " Hastati spargunt has- 
 tas." 
 
 Hastlle, the wood on which 
 the iron (hasta) of a spear is 
 fixed. 
 
 Hand, Haut, not. For houd 
 and hout. Fr. ouS' and out, i. e. 
 ouSe, outs. " The ancients said 
 and and aut." F. 
 
 Have : See Ave. 
 
 Haurio, 1 draw. Fr. Stpuco. 
 
 Haustus, a drawing. Fr. 
 haurio, haursi, hausi, haustum. 
 
 Haut : See Haud. 
 
 Hebdomas, ddis, a week. 
 'E^dofidg. 
 
 Hebe,Heb6. «Hfa. 
 
 Hebes, stupid, dull ; blunt. 
 For habes fr. a/3^, stupid. H 
 added, as in Haud and Haurio. 
 E for A, as brEvis for brAvis. ^f 
 "From i Hebr. jmff,Aick." V. 
 
 Hecate, Hecate. *Ex<xty). 
 
 Hecatombe, a hecatomb. 
 
 Hecyra, a mother in law. 
 'Exugd. 
 
 Hedera: See Appendix. 
 
 Hedychrum, a kind of sweet 
 ointment. 'Hdvxpovv. 
 
 Hei, alas. Fr. el, oh if, 
 would to God that ! H' added, 
 as in Haud. % Al. from ol. 
 % Al. from Hebr. HVY. 
 
 Helciarius, a hauler. Fr. 
 eAxco, I draw. 
 
 Helcium, a rope. "EXxiov. 
 
 Helepolis, a machine for 
 taking cities. 'EXeiroXig. 
 
 Helice, the Great Bear. 
 'EXUy). 
 
 Helteborus, hellebore. 'JEA- 
 \efSopo§. 
 
HEL- 
 
 HER 
 
 185 
 
 Helops, Elops, some fish. 
 
 Helvetia : See Appendix. 
 
 Heluo, Helluo, 5nis, a gor- 
 mandizer. For eluo, elluo, (as 
 H is added in Haud, Haurio, 
 Humerus,) fr. egoWucov, wasting, 
 consuming ; whence e%\6oov, sx- 
 Xuwv, ecluo, elluo. ^[ Al. from 
 IxKdoov, dissolving, destroying. 
 1f Dacier : " Ab eluendo est 
 eluo, qui bona sua eluit, i. e. 
 dissipat, perdit." % Al. from 
 e\oov, seizing. 
 
 Helvus : See Appendix. 
 
 Hem, an interjection of very 
 various uses. Apparently from 
 the sound. 
 
 Hemicyclus, semicircle. '/fyu- 
 xvxkog. 
 
 Herriiva, the half of a sexta- 
 rius. 'Hplva. 
 
 Hemisphcsrium,^ hemisphere. 
 
 Hemistichium, half a verse. 
 
 'HfJUlVTlXlOV. 
 
 Hemitheus, a demigod. 'Hpt- 
 Qeo$. 
 
 Hemitritaus, a semitertian 
 ague. 'H[UTpiTouo$. 
 
 Hepar, dtis, the liver. 7 Hvctp, 
 
 Hepteres, a galley with seven 
 banks of oars. 'EvrYip^g. 
 
 Hera, a mistress. Fr. he- 
 rus. 
 
 Htrcea, a festival of Juno. 
 *Hpouot. 
 
 Herba, a herb ; grass, herb- 
 age. Fr. <pep/3«;, (as <2>su, Heu,) 
 to feed, nourish, pasture. So 
 vox is a herb, fr. vow, same as 
 jSoco, to feed. And /3or«v>j is fr. 
 j3oa>, j8s/3oT«i. 
 
 Herbum, the same as ervum- 
 Etym. 
 
 Herceus, Jupiter the pro- 
 tector of a house. 'Epxsiog. 
 
 Her cisco, Ercisco, I sever, 
 part. Fr. hercio, fr. epxo$, a 
 fence, inclosure ; or spyct), etgyo, 
 to remove, separate, cut off. 1 
 
 Hercle, by Hercules. For 
 Hercule. 
 
 Herctum ciere, to divide an 
 estate. Herctum is kpxrov, cut 
 off, appropriated (See Her- 
 cisco) ; and ciere is fr. cio, to 
 divide ; which is from v/iXja, 
 fut. crp^/o-w, G-^ioo, to divide. X 
 omitted, as in Fungus, Fallo, 
 Tego. 
 
 Hercules, Hercules. From 
 'HpaxKYi$ f whence 'HgxotX^, Her- 
 cales, Hercules, as xdohvAKyj, 
 crapUla. 
 
 Here, Heri, yesterday. For 
 hese, hesi, whence hesiternus, 
 hesternus. So Esit (which oc- 
 curs in the Twelve Tables,) is 
 thought to be the original form 
 of Erit. Hesi is fr. %Qss or 
 %0ecr), chthesi, for softness chesi, 
 and hesi, as from Xs)p is Hir. 
 % Al. from spoo, or spec, to con- 
 nect. From the connexion of 
 yesterday with to-day. As Gr. 
 e%0££ is fr. e^co, e%0»jv, to hold on, 
 join on with, ^f Al. from hce- 
 reo or (as it is sometimes written 
 in ancient MSS.) hereo. From 
 the same notion of joining on. 
 But E in here would rather be 
 long. 
 
 Hires, Hceres, an heir. Fr. 
 h&reo, hereo, to join on with, 
 am close to. As immediately 
 
 1 Xenophon : Tovs vU'is ol vardpes 
 s'ipyovfftv airbrtav irovTiptov avdpdeTrcef. 
 <l A 
 
186 
 
 II E ti- 
 
 ll IE 
 
 succeeding the last possessor. 
 1f Al. from herus, a master or 
 owner. But E in herus is 
 short. 1 
 
 Heres, a hedgehog. See Eres. 
 
 Heri: See Here. 
 
 Hernia, Hermes, a statue of 
 Mercury. \EgjU%. 
 
 'Hernia, a rupture. Fr. sp- 
 vo$, a branch. " Quia, cum in- 
 testinum incidere incipit in scro- 
 tum, videtur kamum facere." 
 V. It is called also Ram ex 
 from Ramus. 
 
 Herolcus, pertaining to a 
 hero. 'Hpw'ix6$. 
 
 Heros, a hero, demigod. 
 "Hpcog. 
 
 Herpes, St. Anthony's fire. 
 
 ' Ep7TY}§. 
 
 Herus, the master of a family 
 or of slaves. From the north. 
 Germ, er, herr, Anglo-Sax. 
 hearra, Dutch heroro, herro. 
 ^f Al. from ega, earth. As 
 from Domus is perhaps Domi- 
 nus. H added, as in Haurio. 
 Horace hasTerrarum domioos.* 
 
 Hesperus, the evening star. 
 ' E<nrepo$ m 
 
 Hesternus, of yesterday. For 
 hesiternus fr. hesi, heri. See 
 Here, ^f Al. from Germ, ges- 
 tern, Anglo-Sax. gistra, allied 
 to which is our y ester in yester- 
 
 da y- 1 
 
 Hetarice, the social band, 
 a body of Macedonian cavalry. 
 
 'ETClipiXY). 
 
 1 " From Hebr. iaresch, to be an heir, 
 to possess." V. 
 
 2 Scheide : " Ab epw, necto, adsero." 
 Efpepoj is servitude, from cfyw, necto, 
 ligo. 
 
 Heu, alas! From <piv, pheu. 
 Also, an adverb of wonder. As 
 <pev also is used. 
 
 Heuretes, an inventor. Ev- 
 peTv)$: 
 
 Heus, holla ! ho there ! " Fr. 
 <pev," says Dacier. <&sv being 
 an adverb of wonder or amaze- 
 ment. Or fr. (psu <r , i. e. <psu as, 
 i. e. peD ! xot\cb ere. 
 
 Hexameter, having six feet. 
 
 ' E%tX(JLSTpO$. 
 
 Hexeres, a ship with six banks 
 of oars. 'EfygYis. 
 
 Htbernus, Hybernus, wintry. 
 Fr. hi ems or hyems, whence 
 hiemernus, hiebernus, hibernus, 
 somewhat as Gr. fiapBirog for 
 fiapMiTo;, and as TcgsBwSos is 
 stated by Donnegan to have 
 been a less ancient form of 
 T&gMivQos. Or of Tegefj,ivQo$. 
 
 Hibiscum, the marsh- mallow. 
 "ifiicrxos. 
 
 Hie, hcEC, hoc, this. From 
 
 <r <y 9 • <■/ > <■/ > 
 
 0$ XS, Yj XS, XS ; 1. e. 0(TX , Y)X , 
 
 ox'. Hoc is nothing but ox\ 
 Hie is soft for hisc, and this 
 for hose, i. e. oo~x, as Lmbris 
 from *Op(3go$, and perhaps Is 
 from f/ 0$. ii/^c however is 
 not so easily accounted for. " Hx 
 should produce hec. Was J}xe, 
 Dor. «x=, transposed to usx, 
 whence haze ? Or axs might pro- 
 duce hace, transp. haec. ^f 
 "From Chaldee HCH, this." V. 
 
 Hie and ^ezV, here. For 
 hoic, whence abl. hoc. In hoc 
 loco. The I in hoic is from 
 the I subscript in Koyoo, &c. So 
 Qui makes Qui in the ablative. 
 Or heic fr. J xs, yjx', $jx\ 
 
 Hiems, Hyems, winter. Fr. 
 Xsifjiuc, winter ; transp. ^isfioig, 
 
HIE 
 
 HIR 
 
 187 
 
 X^Wi whence hiems, as Xeip, 
 Hir. ^f Or fr. vssi, (same as 
 os*,) it rains ; pp. vspoti, whence 
 hyemis. From the rains of win- 
 ter. Whence %snx«£ and ^si^ouv 
 are derived fr. yzu), %s/w, xep^e*- 
 a«i, to pour. 
 
 Ultra, " From kpa, sacred. 
 Muretus interprets it a line in 
 the middle of the stadium, so 
 called because it was sacred. 
 Lipsius thinks it was the custom 
 to consecrate the crown to the 
 God in case of equality between 
 the combatants, which the 
 Greeks call lepbv noifio-Qou i. e. 
 <TTg<p«vov, and Seneca hence calls 
 ' hieram facere' i. e. coronam. 
 Hiera is also the name of an 
 antidote, so called to give it 
 effect." F. 
 
 Hitroglyphicus, Hierogra- 
 phicus, Hitroriicae, Hierophan- 
 ta, Greek words. 
 
 Hieto, I gape. Fr. hio, avi. 
 Somewhat as Halitus from Ha- 
 lo, avi. 
 
 Hilaris, cheerful, gay .' iXupo \ . 
 
 Hillce, the intestines of ani- 
 mals ; sausages. Fr. hires, 
 whence hirula, hirla, hillce. 
 
 Ililum : See Appendix. 
 
 Hinc, hence. Fr. hie, i. e. 
 ex hoc loco. As llle, Illiuc ; 
 and Iste, Istinc. 
 
 Hinnio, said of horses neigh- 
 ing. From the sound. Wach- 
 ter refers to Sax. hn&gan, Suec. 
 gn&ggia. % Or from hvog, 
 which Donnegan explains (in- 
 ter alia) a small horse. Or 
 from hinnus, an animal genera- 
 ted from a horse and she-ass. 1 
 
 1 Al. from xufov, to utter a sound. 
 
 Hinnulus, Hinnuleus, a young 
 hind or fawn. Fr. hinnus. 
 " From the Greeks, by whom 
 the offspring of animals were 
 called "inoi. Gloss. : "Ivvovg, 
 w«i8«j. Hesychius : ' hw), xopYj." 
 V. So his is a son in Euri- 
 pides. 2, 
 
 Hinnus, an animal generated 
 by a horse and she-ass. "ivvog. 
 
 Hio, I gape, yawn, open. 
 The Etymologists refer hio to 
 %aa>, (i. e. yetivta) whence we 
 should have hao, as Xsig, Hir. 
 But this does not give us hio. 
 Perhaps hio is from %a/a>, 
 whence p^cJi/a). Or perhaps from 
 a verb y}o>? supposed the same 
 as p£a<0. 
 
 Hipp — . All Latin words 
 beginning with hipp — , as Hip- 
 pagogi, Hippopotamus, are from 
 the Greek. 
 
 Hir, the palm or hollow of 
 the hand. Fr. %eȣ, chir, the 
 hand. As <Pev, Heu. 
 
 Hira, the intestinum jeju- 
 num or empty gut. From hio, 
 whence hiera, (somewhat as Pa- 
 teo, Patera,) hira. It is usually 
 found empty, says Turton. % If 
 a word ^/co (See Hio,) existed 
 in the sense of %««>, from p^/co 
 might have been x*ef«, thence 
 
 2 " Hinde, hindin, Germ, cerva. An- 
 glo-Sax. and Suec. hind, Franc, hint, 
 Welsh hydd. The Greek vvvb.s is^a wild 
 goat, whence hind might have originated, 
 though the sense was changed. For the 
 kinds of wild "beasts aie apt to be con- 
 founded in all languages by the vulgar." 
 W. 
 
 3 Valckenaer : " The verb had for- 
 merly five forms, x« w > X* 00 * X^» X^ w > 
 X&w. Xiu has perished, but xikv remains 
 from it." 
 
188 
 
 HIR- 
 
 HOM 
 
 hiera. ^f Al. from UpoL, sacred : 
 by some fanciful allusion. 
 
 Hircus, Hirquus, a he-goat ; 
 hence, the rank smell of the 
 armpits. Fr. hirtus, whence 
 hirticus, (as Tetrus, Tetricus,) 
 hircus, (Compare Focus.) Goats 
 having shaggy hair. 1 
 
 Hirnea, Irnea, a kind of 
 goblet. Scaliger : " From op- 
 vsov, as representing the figure 
 of a bird." As "0//,/3goj, Imbris. 
 % Nonius reads cirnea. Whence 
 it may be referred to xipvaoo, to 
 mix. As fr. xsptxca, (same as 
 
 XlgViXOQ,) pp. XcXSgOLTOU, XBXgOLTOtl, 
 
 is xpurrjp. 
 
 Hirrio, Irrio, 1 snarl like a 
 dog. From the pronunciation 
 of RR. Persius calls the R 
 the * canina litera/ Wachter 
 notices Arabic herr. 
 
 Hirsutus : See Appendix. 
 
 Hirtus, shaggy, hairy. Contr. 
 from hirsutus, 
 
 Hirudo, a leech. Fr. sipvw 
 or slgvco, to draw, tug. From 
 its drawing blood. Vdo as in 
 Testudo. H may be added as 
 in Haurio. 
 
 Hirundo, mis, a swallow. 
 
 1 Some suppose thatiu Virg. Eel. 3, 8, 
 hircus means the corner of the eye. ** Ab 
 oculis hircorum," says Forcellini, " qui 
 ardore libidinis, oblique aspiciunt, oculis 
 in angulos retortis." But Heyne and 
 Forcellini prefer here the meaning of he- 
 goat. Hircus never seems to be else- 
 where used in this sense. Turton how- 
 ever refers it in this sense to epKos, a 
 hedge : " The corner of the eye being 
 hedged in by the eyelids." Some believe 
 this to be the primary sense of hircus ; 
 and, in deducing from it the meaning of 
 he-goat, reverse the reasoning given above 
 by Forcellini. Isaac Vossius refers to 
 Ppiicos (transp. fHpicos) in Hesychius, who 
 however explains it of an ass. 
 
 Scaliger appears to have not 
 been mistaken, when he derived 
 this word from the Greek ; 
 though it is one of those which 
 have cruelly suffered by change. 
 The Greek is xeX&wv, ^sKilovoc, 
 transp. -^iKslovog, whence chile- 
 dinis, chilendinis, as N is added 
 in spleNdeo, deNsus, taNgo, 
 ciNcinnus, Sic. Hence hilen- 
 dinis, (as Xeip becomes Hir ; 
 &SV becomes Heu,) hilundinis, 
 (as suggrUndia i. e. suggerUn- 
 dia k suggerEndo, and as cata- 
 pUlta from xcitolizEKt^^) and 
 finally hirundiuis, somewhat as 
 cceRuleus for cceLuleus. 
 
 Hisco, 1 gape. Fr. hio, 
 whence hisco, as from nlao is 
 7rl<rxoo, 7ri7r(o-xco. So Rubeo, 
 Rubesco; &c. 
 
 Hispidus, 
 
 Historia, history ; story, 'Ic- 
 
 TQpltt,. 
 
 Histrio : See Appendix. 
 
 Hiulcus, gaping. Fr. r hio, 
 whence hiulus, hiulicus, as from 
 Populus is Populicus. So Pe- 
 to, Petulcus. 
 
 Hoc: See Hie. 
 
 Hbdie, to day. For hoc die. 
 
 Hoi, ah ! O?. 
 
 Holocaust um, a sacrifice, in 
 which the victim was wholly 
 burnt. 'Ox6xuv(ttov. 
 
 Homo, homiuis, a man. For 
 hurno, huminis, from humus, 
 (the adjective is humanus,) the 
 ground, from whence he came. 1 
 
 2 Lactantius : " Corpus hominis ex 
 hurno factum : unde homo nomen acce- 
 pit." But Quintilian laughs : " Quasi 
 vero non omnibus animalibus eadem ori- 
 go ?" Yet men were called fiporol and 
 
HOM 
 
 HOK 
 
 189 
 
 We have sOboles for sUboles, 
 and sOpor for sUpor. Or fr. 
 XafAog, (whence ^a/xo^sv,) the 
 ground ; whence perhaps hu- 
 mus also. Vossius states that 
 the iEolians said a-rgOrog for 
 (TTqATos, 'Ovyg for ' AvY)g : there- 
 fore they might have changed 
 X u ^5 i" to X c ^^> whence homo 
 would more naturally spring. 
 ^f Or fr. %«3j«.of, taken in the 
 sense of u humus," which some 
 derive from x^^°5' IT -Al. from 
 Xoopot or %wjw.oj, taken in the 
 sense of x°°$> ^ ust » being 
 formed from ^ow, xep^co/x-ai, as 
 Xoo$ fr. yj®> ^X 00t ' Tertullian 
 has " homo choicus." So in 
 Genesis : " Dust thou art." 
 If AI. from opov, together. As 
 man is a social being. 1 
 
 Homceomeria, likeness of 
 parts. 'O[jt,oioii.sgsia. 
 
 Homuncio, a sorry mean fel- 
 low. Fr. homo. 
 
 Honesto, 1 make (Jwnestum) 
 honorable, diguify, adorn. 
 
 Honestus, honorable, re- 
 spectable, noble ; becoming, 
 right, fit, graceful. Fr. honos. 
 As Funus, Funestus. 
 
 Honor, Honos, honor, re- 
 spect, reverence, regard, esteem, 
 worth. A post of honor, office. 
 
 OvrjTol by the Greeks from their corrup- 
 tible nature, though that corruption is 
 shared by all other animals. 
 
 1 Isaac Vossius says : " Since it ap- 
 pears that the ancients said hcmonem 
 [Priscian however reads homonern] for 
 hominem, it is likely that man was so 
 called from his intellect. For tjjucoj/ is 
 skilled, and ^oavvf] is skill." But ^ijxcav 
 and T)\xQovvt\ are skilled and skill merely 
 in throwing weapons : fr. rifiai pp. of 
 €o>, to throw. 
 
 For otior (as H is added in 
 Hand and Haurio,) fr. ovocoo or 
 6veoo, z 6vu>, to heap, augeo, accu- 
 mulo, ingero. As Cicero uses 
 the expression " augeri honore 
 aliquo." From this original 
 meaning of ovtxco it happens that 
 oWjxa; signifies not only to ad- 
 vantage and to gratify, but to 
 injure and abuse ; i. e. to heap 
 with good, or to heap with ill. 
 So from this double meaning 
 of dveto, oveiotg is advantage, and 
 ove&os is reproach. Compare 
 Onus. % Al. from ovaw, 6vw t 
 omjjiai, to gratify, ^f Al. from 
 mq$, iEol. wvop, pretium. 
 
 Honoro, I honor. Fr. honor, 
 honoris. 
 
 H oplomachus, a gladiator who 
 fought with military arms. 'Oitko- 
 potxog. 
 
 Hora, an hour. "ftpx. 
 
 Horceum, pickle made in the 
 spring from the tunny fish. 
 'Ilgctiov. 3 
 
 Horda, the same asforda. 
 
 Hordeum, barley. Fr. hor- 
 dus f for horridus, bristly, rough. 
 Caldus was said for Calidus, 
 Ardus for A rid us. 
 
 Horia: See Appendix. 
 
 Horizon, the horizon. 'Opl- 
 
 Hornotinus, the same as hor- 
 nus ; and from it, as Diutinus 
 
 2 'Oeco seems nothing but v4co, I heap, 
 with O prefixed ; as from vvcrcrco is hvvaa<a y 
 fut. ovvtyi, whence ovv\. So budoo seems 
 nothing but vaoi, I heap, whence vdffaco, 
 " properly," says Donnegan, ll to heap 
 up or pile ; " and perhaps vabs, a tem- 
 ple. 
 
 3 See Stephens Gr. The», in voc. 
 
190 
 
 HOPv 
 
 HOS 
 
 from Diu, Annotinus from An- 
 nus. 
 
 Hornus, of this year's growth 
 Fr. ago., a season, and a year ; " 
 whence a>pivbg, (as oVcwga, ottco- 
 givog,) horinus, hornus, of this 
 season or year. Or fr. copog, a 
 year. 
 
 Horologmm, a sun-dial, \f2go- 
 Aoy»ov. 
 
 Horoscope, 1 take the time 
 of my nativity, 'flpoo-xoirw. 
 
 Horreo is said properly of 
 things which stand erect or an 
 end, which set up their bristles 
 or are rough or prickly. Hence 
 it is referred to things which 
 from their hideous and dreadful 
 nature set the hair an end. Vir- 
 gil : u Obstupui steteruntque 
 comae." Ovid : " Horrue- 
 runtque comae." Hesiod : Tgl- 
 ysg opQul <$pl(r<TOV<riv. Hence 
 horreo, transferred to persons so 
 affected, is to tremble or shud- 
 der with fear. It is also to 
 shudder with cold, which pro- 
 duces the same effect. Horreo 
 is fr. wpopu, (wppct,) pf. mid. of 
 ogai, to stir up, raise up, rise ; 
 or fr. dpcjopWf 2, {oppoo,) which is 
 the same as open. Or. fr. ogw, 
 fut. opvoo, oppefj. Thus ogQog, 
 erect, is fr. ogoo, opQyv. The H 
 is added as in Haurio, or is from 
 the Greek; for from opoo are 
 opfirj and Hortor. % Al. from 
 6ppwSsu>, 1 fear ; contracted to 
 oppscti. 
 
 Horreum, a barn, granary. 
 Stephens: " 'flpsiov in Pandect. 
 Graec. for Lat. horreum. Sui- 
 
 1 Donnegan in voc. 
 
 2 'Opc6p« is in Donnegan. 
 
 das has it soft wpsuv, and ex- 
 plains it rccpeiov, i. e. a store- 
 house." Donnegan: "'flpeiov, 
 a barn. From this is horreum" 3 
 
 Horridus, standing an end, 
 rough ; hideous, frightful. Fr. 
 horreo. 
 
 Horsum, hitherward. That 
 is, hoc (hue) versum. 
 
 Hortor, I excite, encourage, 
 exhort. Fr. bgrog, (fr. oprui pp. 
 of opoo,) excited. 
 
 Horlus, a garden; pleasure- 
 ground ; farm. 4- Fr. ^ogrog, an 
 enclosed place. ^[ Al. soft for 
 horctus fr. opxrbg, (fr. spurn, pp. 
 epxTui and opxroii) hedged in, 
 inclosed. % Al. for orchtus fr. 
 opy^arog, ippyrog,) a vineyard or 
 garden. if Al. from Germ. 
 hurt, a guard, protection. 
 
 Hospes, itis, 2l stranger, so- 
 journer, guest. For hespes, (as 
 dEntes from oWvrsg ; Ervum 
 for Orvum,) fr. eo-Tiog, ZEol. ecr- 
 niog (as for o-To\yj the iEolians 
 said <tT1oXyi, and cIlaBiov for 
 a-Tadiov,) one at the hearth of 
 another. In Herod, i, 35, Tig 
 eoov Itt/otios spoi sysvso ; is trans- 
 lated " Quis tu es qui ad meos 
 lares supplex te receperis ? " 
 iEschylus : v E<rn yap Sopcov Jxe- 
 TY)g oS' avyp xoa hopoov e$e<TTio$ 
 
 Hospitium, the act of receiv- 
 
 3 'npe?ov is fr. «pecu, to take care of, 
 preserve. l Clpstov seems to be fr. upcua, 
 or fr. &pa, (i. e. &pa 8eV5p»v,) the fruits 
 of the season. 
 
 4 " Habet etiam sensum rod alSeiov 
 yvuaiKGiov, ut et Kr\-nos" F. 
 
 s Ainsworth refers Hostis to " Celt, osb 
 or osp." I know not whether (since Hos- 
 tis was anciently a foreigner) this Celtic 
 word has any connexion with hospes» 
 
HOS- 
 
 H U M 
 
 191 
 
 ing (hospites) strangers ; a place 
 for receiving strangers, a lodg- 
 ing ; &c. 
 
 Hostia, a victim, animal sacri- 
 ficed. Fr. Quo-Tog, sacrificed; 
 whence hustia, (as the first syl- 
 lable is dropped in Heu for 
 Pheu, and in Hir for Chir,) 
 then hostia, as fOllis for fUllis, 
 spOrta for spUrta. % Ovid 
 refers it to hostis : " Hostibus a 
 domitis hostia nomen habet." '' 
 
 Hostio, I requite, 
 
 Hostis : See Appendix. 
 
 Hostus: See Appendix. 
 
 Hu, a sound made by any one 
 perceiving a bad scent or smell. 
 
 "r. 
 
 Hue, hither. Fr. hoc, (as 
 Illuc, Istuc,) which is so used. 
 Virgil : (( Hoc tunc ignipotens 
 ccelo descendit ab alto." 
 
 Hui, an interjection of won- 
 der. From the sound, ^f Or 
 fr. $6ti, which is so used ; 
 whence <p6e, hue. Compare 
 Tui, Sui. 
 
 Huic, dat. of hie. If hie was 
 formerly hoc from one or oye, it 
 would make in the dative hoic, 
 as DominOI was the old form 
 of Domini from \6y£l h KoyfLI. 
 Then hoic became huic. •jf Or 
 huic is from cone, cln, hoic. 
 
 Hujus, of this. If hie was 
 formerly hoc from one, on\ or oye, 
 oy , hoc might make hocius, 
 somewhat as Alter, Alterius : 
 then hocjus, like Ejus, Cujus : 
 then hojus, and hujus, as Hue 
 was said for Hoc. 
 
 1 Al. from hostio, to strike ; a word 
 which Festus quotes from Ennius in this 
 sense. Whence then is hostio ? 
 
 Humanus, pertaining to man 
 or men. From homo, or allied 
 to it. See Homo. Also, hu- 
 mane, kind, courteous. That 
 is, having a feeling for men, 
 <Pi\xvQpct)7rog. Or, having the 
 feelings of a man. Terence : 
 ii Homo sum, et nihil humanum 
 a me alienum puto." Also, 
 learned, well-educated, polite. 
 That is, sciens rerum humarta- 
 rum. Humaniores Jiterae are 
 applied to polite learning, as 
 becoming and adorning a man, 
 or as making men (humanos) 
 courteous. Ovid : " Ingenuas 
 didicisse fideliter artes Emollit 
 mores nee sink esse feros." 
 
 Humecto, I moisten. That 
 is, humidum facio. Perhaps 
 ecto is acto from ago, actum, as 
 Mitigo from Mitis and Ago. 
 
 Humerus, that part of the 
 arm which lies between the 
 shoulder and the elbow ; the 
 shoulder. Fr. wjxoj, JEol. co/xop, 
 the shoulder ; whence omerus, 
 (Compare numERUS), home- 
 rus, (as H is added in Haurio 
 and Hand), and humerus, as 
 <pflpo$, fUris. % Al. from 
 Hebr. hamah, cubitus. 
 
 Humi, on the ground. See 
 Humus. 
 
 Humidus, moist. Fr. humor. 
 
 Humilis, low (humi) on the 
 ground, low. As ^ot^aKos, for 
 ya\i*aL>))$, (as /7oXi£, IIToXis,) fr. 
 
 Humo, I bury. Tego humo. 
 
 Humor, moisture, sap, &c; 
 any thing liquid, as water, 
 blood, &c. Fr. %uju.o£, ZEol. 
 
 xvp°p> sa p- H Q r fr* fy*** pp- 
 
 of vsi, it rains ; or of uw, which 
 
192 
 
 HUM- 
 
 JAC 
 
 Donnegan explains <l to make 
 wet." Donnegan : <tT T^u, that 
 which has been moistened. 
 r Tpo$, obsolete in Greek, exists 
 in Lat. humor.'* 
 
 Humus, the ground. For 
 chumus, chamus, (as vice versa. 
 xTvo$, cAnis ; and as cUlmus 
 from xAXupo; ; and as the iEo- 
 lians said <rTgx=$ for <rApxs$,) fr. 
 ^«jxoc, 1 the ground, whence 
 XotfxoQsv. If Al. from vpou pp. 
 of vw, to make wet. " Itaque 
 humus est terra ma did a et ir- 
 RiGATA," says Valckenaer. 2 
 
 Hum, accus. of hie. For 
 humc, Or from ovxs, ovx', or 
 ovys, ovy, for hone. 
 
 Hydcinthus, a hyacinth. *Tot- 
 xivQog. 
 
 Hyades, the stars called Hy- 
 ads. l Tdhg. 
 
 Hymia, a hyena. "Toavu. 
 
 Hyalus, glass. "TuXo^. 
 
 Hybrida, a mongrel ; of a 
 mongrel breed. "Tfipis, ihg. 
 
 Hydra, a water-serpent. 
 
 "n 9 l 
 
 Hydraules, a player on a 
 musical instrument which went 
 by water. 'TfyayA^. 
 
 Hydria, a ewer. 'Ttiploi. 
 
 Hydrops, a dropsy. "Tlpwfy. 
 
 Hydrus, a water-serpent. 
 
 "ripos. 
 
 Hyems: See Hiems. 
 Hygea, the Goddess of health. 
 
 Hylt, subject-matter. "T\v\. 
 Hymen, the God of marriage. 
 
 Hymtnceus, marriage. 'Tpe- 
 vctiog. 
 
 Hymnus, a hymn. "Tpvog. 
 
 Hyperboreus, far northern, 
 cold, wintry. 'TTrsgfiopeos. 
 
 Hypocausta, a stove. 'Tiro- 
 
 XCIUCTTOV. 
 
 Hypocrites, a stage-player. 
 'TiroxptTYis. 
 
 Hypotheca, a pledge, deposit. 
 
 Hyssopum, the herb hyssop. 
 f 'T<r<TCti7rov. 
 
 Hystericus, hysterical. 'iVre- 
 pixo;. 
 
 Hystriculns, covered with 
 hair. Fr. hystrix, hystricis, 
 whence hystricosus, hispidus. 
 
 Hystrix, a porcupine. "T<rrpi%. 
 
 i, j. 
 
 Iacchus, Bacchus. "lax^oc. 
 
 Jaceo, I lie down. That is, 
 jacio me. 
 
 Jacio, I throw, cast. Fr. 
 Idoo or ia'co,* I throw, (whence 
 IdWo), lanrco*) ; perf. Itxxa. or 
 Taxa, whence a new verb laxco 
 or laxco, (as hhlxoo fr. 8e8o»xa, 
 7r£<pux«; fr. 7re$vxa, s ) whenceja- 
 co, (as 'lyo-ovs, Jesus,) jacio. 
 Compare Facio. If Or fr. 
 Idea, I send, (whence its general 
 
 1 See Donnegan in Xa/xai. 
 
 2 Al. from x u M^ s ) considered as mean- 
 ing earth dug up, from x^«. Thus Don- 
 negan explains x^^s, " heaped up, as 
 earth dug from trenches." Or from x&>- 
 [ibs, (as (pripos, ffiris,) same as x^A 4 »* 
 earth dug up. 
 
 3 'law is fr. f«, I send ; as ida is fr. 
 %<a. 
 
 4 As tj/cfo, ^aAAco ; and as 5a<w, 8a7rra/-. 
 See Lennep in taAAa». So from Ida, 
 " remitto," is icuveo, Idofiai. 
 
 5 See Matthiae Gr. Gr. § 219, (1). 
 
JAC- 
 
 JAN 
 
 193 
 
 meaning, I let go, let be, " per- 
 mitto, dimitto,") perl", eluxa, 
 whence iaco,jacoS 
 
 Jacto, 1 throw. Also, I 
 throw to and fro, toss. Fr. ja- 
 cio, j actum. 
 
 Jacto me, I vaunt, boast. 
 That is, 1 cast or toss myself 
 about in a vaunting manner. 
 Hence jacto simply is to boast 
 of ; as in Jacto genus, nomen, 
 &c. Or here jacto is, I throw 
 in a person's way, display os- 
 tentatiously. 
 
 Jactura, a loss sustained 
 by throwing goods overboard 
 in a storm. Hence any loss 
 or damage. Fr. jacio, jac- 
 tum. 
 
 Jdculor, I throw (jaculum) 
 a javelin. 
 
 Jaculum, a javelin. Also, a 
 casting-net. Also, a serpent 
 which darts on passengers from 
 trees. Fr. jacio. 
 
 Jam, now. For iam (as 
 Jesus from 7ij<rouc,) from is, ea, 
 id. Jam, says Vossius, is a 
 dissyllable in the ancient Come- 
 dians : that is, it was pronounced 
 iam. As we have plural ii and 
 Us, so iam appears to be an 
 ancient form of earn. Iam or 
 earn is, " secundum earn horam 
 aut diem aut tempestatem," as 
 Unquam is for Secundum uni- 
 cam horam; and as Alias is for 
 Secundum alias tempestates. 
 Is is explained by Forcellini as 
 not only that, sxiivo$ ; but this, 
 o5ro£, and the same, uut6$. In 
 
 J Haigh : " From fcfc, an intensive 
 particle ; and xu«, to pour out." 
 
 Etym. 
 
 the sense of o(>to$, jam is " in 
 this hour." In the sense of 
 amis, jam answers to GK uvtUu, 
 and uvtoQsv and $%u6tyis. % Jones 
 refers jam to the Hebrew YM, 
 which he pronounces jam. 
 " From Hebr. jom. a day,' 7 says 
 Haigh.* 
 
 Iambus, an iamb, a foot like 
 iamb. "Iapfiog. 
 
 J ana, the Moon. In allu- 
 sion to Janus, the Sun. 
 
 Janitor, a door-keeper. Fr. 
 janua. For januitor. 
 
 Ianthina, garments of a vio- 
 let G.olor. 'I«v0<va. 
 
 Janua, a gate, door. From 
 Janus, who presided over gates 
 and entrances. Gloss. Philox- 
 eni : " Janus, Svpulog 6so;." 
 Macrobius : " Apud Grsecos 
 Apollo colitur qui Qvpctiog voca- 
 tur; ejusque aras ante fores 
 suas celebrant, ipsum exitus et 
 introitus demonstrantes poten- 
 tem. Idem Apollo apud illos 
 et 'Ayvisvs nuncupatur, quasi 
 viis (vias uryviu$ appellant) pro- 
 positus urbanis. Sed apud nos 
 Janum omnibus praeesse januis 
 nomen ostendit, quod simile 
 Oupalcp ; nam et cum clavi ac 
 virga figuratur ; quasi omnium 
 et portarum custos et rector 
 viarum." 
 
 Januarius, January. From 
 Janus, (as from Februo is Fe- 
 bruarys) to whom this month 
 
 2 " From iw, 1 go. So as properly to 
 belong to one who is unwilling to delay 
 his going. So Ilicet, for Ire licet, is im- 
 mediately." C. Scaliger. f " Je, 
 Germ. Ju, Goth. The Latins say jam 
 with a final increase." W. 
 
 <l B 
 
194 
 
 JAN 
 
 IDE 
 
 was dedicated. Ovid : " Pri- 
 mus ut est Jani mensis." 1 
 
 Janus, the same as Apollo 
 or the Sun. For Zanus (as Zu- 
 yov, Jugtim,) from Zav, Jupiter. 2 
 Jamieson : " Janus is said to be 
 the Jon of the Scandinavians, 
 one of the names of Jupiter, 
 which is given to the sun, as 
 signifying that he is the father of 
 the year, and of heaven and 
 earth. The sun was worshipped 
 by the Trojans under the name 
 oiJotia, as appears from one of 
 Gruter's Inscriptions." ^f Al. 
 for lanus from 'ico, to go. From 
 the procession or motion of the 
 sun. Thus sTog, a year, is from 
 hon pp. of eoo, to go. Ovid : 
 '*'* Eunt ann i more fiuentis 
 aquae." Anus, as in Humanus, 
 and perhaps Vulcanus. 
 
 Iapyx, ygis, a wind blowing 
 from the west to the east. 
 From the lapyges, the inhabi- 
 tants of a part of Apulia. 
 
 Iaspis, a jasper. "Iounnt. 
 
 Ibex, a kind of wild goat. 
 Forcellini puts down </3u£, as the 
 synonymous term in Greek. 
 Stephens does not give this 
 meaning to TjSuf, though it may 
 have existed in this sense, as 
 coming from \jS6a or Ifiuo-oroo, to 
 strike, and so butt. 
 
 Ibi, there. For ibu, ibu 3 , 
 ibus, old abl. pi. of is, and used 
 by Plautus ; as Hie, Hibus ; 
 Qui, Quibus. That is, in us 
 
 1 " A Celtic word, if it be not derived 
 from Janus. In Armoric ' mis jenver,' 
 i. e. the month of cold air ; from yen, cold, 
 u'er, air." W. 
 
 2 Donnegan in Zdv. 
 
 locis, in its rebus. ^ Or ibi is 
 in the singular, like Tibi. 
 
 Ibis, the ibis. *Jj3i$. 
 
 Ibiscum : See Hibiscum. 
 
 Ichneumon, the Egyptian rat. 
 'fyvsup oov. 
 
 Ico, I strike, hit. From a 
 verb eixco formed from slxa pf. 
 of sco, Tij/a», I smite. The as- 
 pirate dropt as in Ulcus from 
 "Ekxog. Indeed the aspirate is 
 dropt even in the Greek verb, 
 as appears from log, a dart ; 
 from \uKKca, Iutttco, &c. ^f Or 
 fr. iaxco, whence Jacio, which 
 see. 3 
 
 Icon, an image. Elxdov. 
 
 Ictericus, jaundiced. 'Ltrs- 
 
 Ictus, a stroke. Fr. ico, ic- 
 tum. 
 
 Id, neuter of is, and formed 
 from it. We have Ille, IlluD ; 
 Qui, QuoD. % Al. from the 
 north. Jamieson : ** To Lat. id 
 correspond Mceso-Goth. ita, 
 Anglo-Sax. hit, Icel. hitt, hid, 
 Franc, hit, it, Belg. het, Engl. 
 it, Scot, hit" 
 
 Idcirco, on that account. 
 Circa is about, concerning. As 
 we say To talk about a thing. 
 So Gr. «ju,$) and 7reg» are used. 
 
 Idea, an idea, notion. 'Ilea. 
 
 Idem, the same. For isdem 
 and iddem. Dem being a post- 
 fix, as in Tantundem, Pridem. 
 
 Identidem, now and then, at 
 intervals. For idemtidem, idem 
 it idem, ^f Al. for idem etidem. 
 Or item et item, for itemtitem. 
 
 3 Haigh : " Fr. cm'/cw for aiKifr, to beat 
 with stripes." 
 
IDE- 
 
 IGN 
 
 195 
 
 Ideo, on that account. That 
 is, Id eb spectat, evenit, evadit. 
 " Humanus es, ideo non ti- 
 meo :" that is, " Humanus es 
 — id eb evadit — non timeo." 
 If Or eo is, oti that account ; 
 and id depends on the sentence. 
 Thus, when Cicero says, u Fra- 
 ter es ; eo vereor," we may in- 
 troduce id : " Frater es ; id eo 
 vereor facere." So again, " Non 
 eo dico, quo mihi veniat in du- 
 bium tua fides," we may say, 
 44 Non id eo dico," &c. As 
 Plautus supplies Hoc: "Non 
 eo hoc dico, quin qua? vis fa- 
 ciam lubens." 
 
 Idio f a, simple, illiterate, ig- 
 norant. 'ifowTYjC. 
 
 Idiotismus, a mode of ex- 
 pression peculiar to a language. 
 
 ldololdtres, an idolater. EU 
 
 ldolothytum, a sacrifice to 
 idols. JEI8«Ao0wtov. 
 
 Idolum, an image or repre- 
 sentation. E'&aXov. 
 
 Idoneus, fit, meet, proper, 
 suitable ; fit for the purpose, 
 sufficient. Fr. ei&w, whence s'tio- 
 /xoh, to seem ; whence idoneus, 
 seemly. Shakspeare : " I am 
 a woman, lacking wit To make 
 a seemly answer to such per- 
 sons." That is, as Johnson ex- 
 plains it, ¥ decent, becoming, 
 proper, fit." Neus, as in Subi- 
 taneus, Consentaneus. ^f AL 
 from 'ihov> proper, peculiar, ^f 
 " From Chald. ny time, oppor- 
 tunity." V. 
 
 Idus, tduum, the ides of a 
 month. Fr. iduo, I sever. (See 
 Vidua.) Horace : ** Idus tibi 
 
 sunt agendas, Qui dies mensem 
 Veneris marinas Findit Apri- 
 lem." ^f Jamieson : " Vere- 
 lius derives it from Goth, ida, 
 negotium diligenter urgere; idia, 
 diligentia; whence our old 
 Scottish adjective ident, dili- 
 gent, industrious. At this time 
 the Romans gathered in the 
 money which had been lent 
 out." 
 
 ldyllium: See Edyllium. 
 
 Jtcur, the liver. Fr. \aap 9 
 iEol. Yixup, whence hecar, hecur, 
 jecur or gecur, as Twos and ylwog 
 are the same, and as perhaps 
 Gibbus is from 6/3j3oe. G and 
 J are much the same, as in 
 English Garden, French Jardin. 
 Hierosolyma becomes Jerusa- 
 lem. Genitive jecinoris, some- 
 what as Iter, Itineris. ^[ " From 
 Hebr.jaker." Tt. 
 
 Jejunus, 
 
 Jento, I breakfast. Fr. je- 
 junus, whence jejunito, I am 
 hungry and therefore break my 
 fast. Hence jeiunito, jenito, 
 jento. Jento is applied speci- 
 fically like our Breakfast. 
 
 Igilur, therefore. From si 
 ys t ap, igetar, igitur. If such 
 be then the case. T' for re. 
 
 Ignarus, ignorant. For in- 
 gnarus. 
 
 Ignavus, idle. For in-gna- 
 vus. 
 
 Ignis, fire. Fr. favo$, a stove, 
 furnace ; iEol. ixvoj, whence 
 icnis, ignis, as KvKvog, cyGnus. 
 We have " a furnace of fire" in 
 the New Testament. % Haigh : 
 " From uiyKyj, brightness, splen- 
 dor." That is, as for yAQov the 
 JEolians said yNftov, so for uiyAy 
 
196 
 
 1GN- 
 
 •IMA 
 
 they might have said aiyiVij, 
 whence aignis, ignis. Or 
 from a word aly\ivb$, shining ; 
 whence uiyvog, ignis, ^[ Al. for 
 ingenis fr. ingeno, ingenui ; but 
 with little meaning. 
 
 Ignitabulum, wood rubbed 
 with wood to kindle (ignem) 
 fire. 
 
 Ignobilis, unknown, low, 
 mean. For in-gnobilis. Gno- 
 bilis is the same as nobilis, from 
 gnosco as nobilis from nosco, 
 
 Ignominia, disgrace, igno- 
 miny. For in-gnominia, the 
 deprivation of a good name. 
 Griomen is the same as nomen, 
 as Gnobilis in Ignobilis is the 
 same as Nobilis. 
 
 Ignoro, I am ignorant of. Fr. 
 ignarus. See Gnarus. 
 
 Ignosco, I overlook, forgive, 
 spare. For in-gnosco, 1 do not 
 know, I determine to know no- 
 thing of what has passed. We 
 say, " Forgive and forget." 
 
 Ileus, a twisting of the small 
 gut. El\s6$. 
 
 Ilex: See Appendix. 
 
 Ilia, the flank where the 
 small guts are. Fr. elAso), J roll. 
 From their convolutions. 
 
 Iltcet, you may go. For ire 
 licet. Compare Videlicet. Also, 
 instantly. " In dismissing the 
 Senate and on other occasions 
 the public crier hollowed out, 
 Ilieet, as ' Actum est' was said 
 at the end of the sacrifices. 
 Hervce, since the assembly in- 
 stantly dissolved after this notice, 
 ilicet was used for, instantly." F. 
 
 Ilithyia, Diana. ElAe/0u»a. 
 
 I/le: See Ollus. 
 
 lllecebra, allurements. Fr. 
 
 inlacio, illecio, whence illectus. 
 So Verto, Vertebrae. 
 
 Illex, illicis, a decoy-bird. 
 Fr. illicio. 
 
 Illico, in that place, illoco, in 
 hoc loco. Also, instantly. That 
 is, on the spot, without changing 
 place; like aur/xa, i. e. h too 
 uvtoo roircp. " Quasi in eo loco, 
 ubi res agitata, statim fiat." F. 
 Somewhat similarly w$ el%s, (as 
 he was,) is used by the Greeks 
 for immediately. 
 
 Iltido, I dash against. Fr. 
 Iccdo. See Collido. ^f Al. from 
 A/0o£, a stone. I come (in) 
 against (A/0ov) a stone. 
 
 Illustris, clear, bright; con- 
 spicuous, manifest, famous. Fr. 
 luceo, lucsi, lucsum, whence 
 lucstrum, (as Rado, Rasum, 
 Rastrum,) for softness lustrum, 
 % Al. from lustro, to purify. 
 " Puto lumini lustrationem tri- 
 bui, quia tenebrae polluere men- 
 tes credebantur." V. In Vir- 
 gil : " Postera Phcebe& lustra- 
 bat lampade terras Aurora," 
 Forcellini translates lustrabat 
 " enlightened : " yet this sense 
 is not a necessary one. % For- 
 cellini explains lustro " observo, 
 circumquaque aspicio." Shall 
 we say that hence illustris is, 
 clearly surveyed, open to view, 
 manifest ? 
 
 Illumes, filth, dirt. Fr. il- 
 luo, as being washed away. 
 Or in here is, not. " Sordes 
 non lotce in corpore animalis." 
 F. See Alluvies, Diluvies, 
 Colfuvies. 
 
 Im, him. Fr. is. As Du- 
 ruS, duruM. 
 
 Imaghior, I picture in my 
 
IMA- 
 
 IMM 
 
 197 
 
 mind (imaginem) an image, I 
 fancy, imagine. 
 
 Imago, an image, figure, re- 
 presentation. For imitago fr. 
 irnitor. As Voro, Vorago. ^f Al. 
 from gty/xa, transp. slpoty. Or 
 fr. elypoi, whence igmago, ima- 
 go. 
 
 Imbecillis, weak, feeble. 
 That is, resting (in bacillum) on 
 a stick, ^f Or for irnvecillis 
 from vacillo. Here m is much. 
 
 Imber. imbris, a shower. Fr. 
 ojXjSgoff. As Hie for Olle. 
 
 Imbrex, a gutter-lile for car- 
 rying off (imbres) showers. 
 
 Imbr-icatus, crooked (more 
 imbricis) like a gutter-tile, laid 
 above one another or sticking 
 together like tiles. 
 
 Imbulbito, I bedung. Fr. 
 /3oA/3*tov, dung. 
 
 Imbuo, I steep, soak, moisten. 
 " Buco, buo, is, I fill, Pleo ; 
 whence s^voo, imbuo, is Im- 
 pleo. But the Latins used im- 
 buo in a confined sense, for Im- 
 pleo liquore." V. 
 
 Imito, Imitor, I imitate. Fr. 
 ely/xa, eiypciTOs, a representa- 
 tion ; whence elyjotaro'cy, slypot- 
 tw, igmato, igmito, (as ju,«^va, 
 machlna) for softness imito, as 
 Piimilus for PuGmilus, Sti- 
 mulus for StiGmulus. See 
 Imago. 1 
 
 Immanis : See Appendix. 
 
 Immensus, immeasurable, im- 
 mense. Fr. metior, mensus. 
 
 Immineo, 1 hang over. Fr. 
 
 1 Al. from bfioca, I liken ; pp. '6/j.otou, 
 whence a verb dfiordco, ojuotcD. Hence 
 imito, as "G/^Spos, Imbris. If Haigh says : 
 " From !)ua, 'Ifxcvros, a garment." Why ? 
 
 mineo. % Al. for immaneo, I 
 remain upon or over. 
 
 Immo or Imo, nay, yes, yes 
 rather. Scheller : " Imo seems 
 to come from imus, the low- 
 est, as Certo, Tuto, from Cer- 
 tus, Tutus. That is, in imo, 
 on the ground, fixed, certain. 
 Whence it means, yes." As 
 gjuwrs&ov is firmly. In this way, imo 
 i. e. immo may be made up of 
 in imo, inmo. Or M may be 
 doubled, as imo is put for infi- 
 mo, inmo, immo. Vossius : " For 
 imo i. e. postremo loco. That 
 is, Lastly I add this which is 
 more. Cicero : ' Hie tamen 
 vivit. Vivit ? Imo ver6 etiam 
 in senatum venit/ Or imo is 
 the same as Prorsus. Quia/' 
 adds Vossius, ff quae ima, 
 etiam intima esse solent." But 
 Scheide more to the purpose 
 compares imo to the French 
 " au contraire," supposing imo 
 to refer to a thing reversed and 
 so contrary. For Ex imo. 
 Thus in Terence : " Paucis te 
 volo — Dictum puta : nempe 
 ut curentur recte haec. — Immo 
 aliud." Immo aliud is funditus 
 aliud. So Donnegan translates 
 up^v, (from aipoo, xprai,) " lifted 
 up, — from top to bottom, — ut- 
 terly." 
 
 Immolo, 1 sacrifice. That 
 is, I sprinkle (molam) a salted 
 cake (in) upon a victim. "The 
 ancients either offered the cake 
 alone, or sprinkled victims with 
 it." F. 
 
 Immunis, free from a public 
 office, burden, or charge. Free 
 from, generally. From in and 
 munus. 
 
198 
 
 IMP- 
 
 IMP 
 
 Impactus, dashed against. 
 See Impingo. 
 
 Impedimentum, a hindrance. 
 Fr. imped io. 
 
 Impedio, I hinder. Fr. in 
 and pedes. That is, 1 throw 
 anything against the feet of ano- 
 ther, and hinder his progress. 
 So Gr. ejX7ro$/£a>. 
 
 Impedo, I support. 'jE/jcTreSoco, 
 £/X7re8a;. 
 
 Impendio, very greatly. See 
 Impense. 
 
 Impendo, 1 Jay out money 
 upon. Pendo is to pay. 
 
 Impensa, expense, cost. Fr. 
 impendo, impensum. 
 
 Impense, at great charge or 
 cost. At great cost of labor 
 and pains, earnestly, greatly, as 
 Magnopere from Magno-opere, 
 See Impensa. 
 
 Imperator, a commander-in- 
 chief of an army. Fr. impero, 
 imperatum. Hence Julius Cae- 
 sar was styled Imperator or 
 Emperor. 
 
 Imperiosus, possessed (imp e 
 rii) of command ; and of su- 
 preme command, tyrannical. 
 
 Imperito, I command. Fr. 
 impero. As Halo, Halitus. 
 
 Imptro, I command, order. 
 Fr. paro. Paro is to set in 
 order, dispose, arrange, and 
 hence, like raWw, seems to be 
 used for ordering and command- 
 ing. Donnegan : " Ta<r<rco, to 
 place or put in order — to order, 
 command or decree." Thus 
 Johnson explains To Order : 
 " To regulate, to adjust, to 
 manage — to procure — to dis- 
 pose fitly — to direct, to com- 
 mand." 
 
 Impertio, 1 impart. That 
 is, I give (partem) a part. 
 
 Impel ibilis, not to be suffer- 
 ed. Fr. patiur. 
 
 Impetigo, a kind of eruption 
 on the skin. Quod impetit cu- 
 tem. As Orior, Origo. 
 
 Impeto, 1 assail. That is, 
 peto in, I aim at. 
 
 Impttro, I accomplish ; ac- 
 complish the object of a request, 
 obtain by request. 
 
 Impetus, an assault, or fury 
 with which we assault. Fr. im- 
 peto. 
 
 Impilia, woollen socks. 'Ejx- 
 nlXia.. 
 
 Impingo, I jam, dash one 
 thing against another. Fr. pan- 
 go, I fasten, make fast. Plautus 
 has " impingere alicui compe- 
 
 Implago, I ensnare. In pla- 
 gas conjicio. 
 
 Impleo, I fill. Fr. nXeco, 
 whence (from a. 1. p. i^A^rjv) 
 7tXyj$oo. So Repleo, Compleo. 
 
 Imploro, I call upon with 
 weeping, beseech with tears ; 
 beseech. Fr. ploro. 
 
 Imp/uvium, a place open at 
 top in the middle of a Roman 
 house, (in) into which (pluvia) 
 the rain fell. 
 
 Impono, I impose upon, de- 
 ceive. That is, impono fraudem, 
 fallaciam, alicui. We say, To 
 put upon. 
 
 Importunu.s, who without dis- 
 tinction of limes, places or per- 
 sons, is troublesome to others, 
 and suffers them no more to be 
 at rest than a sea which lacks 
 (portum) a harbor. Importu- 
 nate. Troublesome, grievous. 
 
MP 
 
 NC 
 
 199 
 
 Unseasonable, inconvenient. 
 " Importunissimee libidines" in 
 Cicero are desires which are 
 perpetually soliciting us to yield 
 to them, outrageous. Impor- 
 tunus is also restless, uneasy, 
 not placid, peevish, surly. It is 
 also, outrageous in one's de- 
 mands, arbitrary, tyrannical. 
 
 Impos, impotis, having no 
 power over. See Compos. 
 
 Impostor, an impostor. Fr. 
 impono (which see), impositum, 
 impostum. 
 
 Imprecor, I pray for ill to 
 fall on another. 
 
 Impune, with impunity, that 
 is, without punishment. See 
 punio, 
 
 Imputo, I count, reckon, 
 compute ; I put to the account 
 of, lay the blame on. See puto 
 and computo. 
 
 Imus, the lowest. For infi- 
 mus, inmus. 
 
 In, in, into. *Ev. 
 
 In — , not, as in Inaequalis. 
 From Goth, in — ,saysJamieson. x 
 '* Goth. Anglo-Sax. Franc, and 
 Dutch un, Belg. on, Welsh an." 
 W. So our ww — . ^f If not 
 from the north, in may be from 
 vy\ — , transp. en, in, as from 3 Ev 
 is In. But hardly from «v — , 
 as has been proposed. 
 
 Ina, a vein. Fr. t$, hog. 
 
 Inanis, empty, void. Fr. 
 ivaoo, to empty. Hence inais, 
 inanis, as <rao$, saNus. ^f Al. 
 from the infinitive IvSlv. 
 
 Incanto, I enchant. That is, 
 cantando duco in aut ad. 
 
 1 Hermes Scyth. p. 50. 
 
 Incassum, in vain. Fr. cas- 
 sus. 
 
 Incedo, I go against or to- 
 wards See cedo. 
 
 Incendo, I set fire to, burn. 
 From cando, as Accendo. See 
 Candeo. 
 
 Incentivus, which incites. A 
 military word. Fr. incano, in- 
 cantum. " Quia incentione tu- 
 barum milites ad pugnandum 
 incitantur." F. ^f Or, as In- 
 tendo makes IntenTum, incendo 
 might make incenTum, whence 
 incentivus. That is, inflaming, 
 accendens. 
 
 Inceptum, a beginning'. Fr. 
 incipio, inceptum. 
 
 Incesso, I go against. Fr. 
 incedo, incedsum, incessum. 
 
 Incessus, a going towards. 
 Fr. incedo, incessum. 
 
 Incesto, I pollute, defile. Fr. 
 incestus. 
 
 Incestus, impure, polluted, 
 incestuous. Fr. castus. 
 
 Inchoo : See Appendix. 
 
 Inciens, tis: See Appendix. 
 
 Incite, a kind of ditch or 
 trench for carrying off water ; a 
 kennel or canal. For incidile 
 fr. incido, I cut. % Al. h. 
 incio, I rouse or call into ; me- 
 taphorically applied to water 
 turned off. As Cubo, Cubile. 
 
 Incilo: See Appendix. 
 
 Incipio, I begin. Fr. capio. 
 I take in hand. 
 
 Incitus. Ad incitas redactus, 
 i. e. calces, means, reduced to 
 the last straits. From in, not; 
 citus, moved. That is, im- 
 moveable, fixed. In allusion to 
 a draught-board, where the men 
 are brought to a point beyond 
 
200 
 
 INC- 
 
 IND 
 
 which they cannot be moved 
 without losing the game. 
 
 lnclytus, renowned. Fr. xXv- 
 Tog, much heard of; whence 
 eyx\vT0$. Or in is the Roman 
 prefix. 
 
 Incola, an inhabitant. Fr. 
 colo, 1 inhabit. 
 
 lncolumis, safe. See Colu- 
 mis. 
 
 Incommata, notches for mark- 
 ing feet and inches, made on an 
 instrument for ascertaining the 
 height of soldiers. 'EyxoppaTu. 
 
 Inconsultus, imprudent. Fr. 
 co?isulo, consultum. " Qui con- 
 silio non utitur." F. 
 
 Incrementum, an increase. 
 Fr. incresco, increvi, whence in- 
 crevimentum, incrementum. 
 
 Increpo, I make a noise at, 
 upbraid. Fr. crepo. 
 
 Incubo, Incubus, the night- 
 mare. As (incubans) lving on 
 persons in sleep. 
 
 lnculco, I inculcate. Fr. calco. 
 Properly, I tread or ram in by 
 treading. 
 
 Incus, incudis, an anvil. On 
 which smiths (incudunt) forge 
 iron. 
 
 Incuso, I charge (causam) 
 blame to. See Accuso. 
 
 Indago, I trace out as hun- 
 ters do ; I investigate. For 
 induago, from indu, within ; and 
 ago. That is, I drive wild 
 beasts from their lurking places 
 into nets ready to entrap them. 
 Or D is put in, as in lndigeo. 
 IF Al. from inde and ago. 
 Scaliger: " Quia inde, i. e. ex 
 loco suo, agimus quas vena- 
 mur." 
 
 Indago, a series of nets 
 
 placed round a wood or forest 
 (indagere) to drive wild beasts 
 into and so caich them. Hence 
 also, a chain of fortifica- 
 tions. The A may be long 
 from indeago. Vossius refers 
 indago to indago, as: "Non 
 quidem ut feras indaget, sed ut 
 capiat indagatas." Indago is 
 also a diligent search or enquiry, 
 from indago. 
 
 Inde, from that place, from 
 that time. That is, de eo loco 
 in quo quid sit. Or, de eo 
 tempore in quo quid fiat. % 
 Or fr. evfiev, ev0e', whence ende, 
 (as Behg, Deus), inde, as 'Ev, In. 
 Or fr. Usvh, Us. 
 
 Index, indicis, one who shows 
 or discovers ; a sign or mark ; 
 an index, summary of a work, 
 as showing what it embraces. 
 Fr. indico. 
 
 Indicativus modus, the in- 
 dicative mood. Fr. indico, in- 
 dicatum. Black : " A certain 
 modification of a verb, showing 
 either the time present, past, or 
 future, and asserting what we 
 think certain : and therefore 
 sometimes called the decla- 
 rative mood." Scheller : 
 " When one merely shows or 
 says that a person does some- 
 thing, or that something is 
 done to him, or that he will 
 do or suffer something, it is 
 the indicative or narrative 
 mode." 
 
 Indicium, a discovery ; mark, 
 sign. As made by an index, 
 indicis. 
 
 Indico, as, I show, discover, 
 disclose. Fr. dico, I say, tell. 
 As Educo, as, from Duco. 
 
1ND- 
 
 JND 
 
 201 
 
 % Or from IvSexco, (i. e.svfcUa, 1 ) 
 1 show. Hence indeco, indico, 
 as uvEpo$, animus. 
 
 Indictio, a tax (indicturn) ap- 
 pointed and imposed. 
 
 Indidem, from the same 
 place, from thence also. For 
 inditem from zWe item. Livy : 
 " Falsi testes, falsa signa ex 
 eadem officina exibant ; venena 
 indidem intestinseque caedes." 
 % Al. from inde idem. The 
 exact meaning of indidem it 
 seems difficult to ascertain. 
 
 Indiff.erens, not very curious 
 or nice. That is, to whom 
 one thing differs little from ano- 
 ther. Also, neither good nor 
 bad. That is, one between 
 whose good or bad conduct the 
 difference is not great one way 
 or the other. 
 
 Indighia, a native of a place. 
 For indugena, fr. indu, in, and 
 geno, genui. Genitus in loco. 
 
 Indigeo, I want, need. For 
 inigeo, inegeo. D added for 
 softness. Somewhat as in pro- 
 Deo. 
 
 Indiges, Indigetis, a man 
 worshipped as a God after 
 death. Fr. indigeto or indigito, 
 to invoke, ^f Or indiges is for 
 indages, from inde (as in Indi- 
 gena) and ago. That is, qui in 
 loco aliquo agit seu habitat. 
 Called in Greek ey^oogiog or h- 
 T07rio$. ^[ Al. for indices, fr. 
 indico, considered the same as 
 dedico, to consecrate.* 
 
 1 Herodotus in his opening has air65e^is 
 and a7ro&€X0eWa in the sense of ewrd8ei£is 
 and airofeixdevra. 
 
 2 Al. for indigenes, contracted to indi- 
 
 Etym. 
 
 Indigeto, Indigito : See Ap- 
 pendix. 
 
 Indigit amenta, a work of the 
 priests containing the names 
 of the Gods and the rites and 
 modes (indigitandi) of invoking 
 them. See indigeto. ^[ Al. 
 from digitus, whence indigito, 
 to point out with my finger, 
 point out, show, explain. 
 
 Indignor, I disdain, am of- 
 fended or incensed with, am in- 
 dignant. Indignam rem censeo. 
 
 Indipiscor, 1 get. For ini- 
 piscor, as Indigeo for Inigeo. 
 See Adipiscor. 
 
 Indoles, natural disposition 
 or abilities. For inoles (as In- 
 digeo for Inigeo) fr. inoleo, in- 
 olesco, to implant. The disposi- 
 tion, &c. implanted by nature. 
 Gellius : " Natura induit nobis 
 inolevitque amorem nostri et 
 caritatem." 
 
 Indu, within. Fr. hlol, whence 
 endu, as from kOIvy) is pUnio. 
 Or fr. Uov, hh\ But the 
 reading of indu is not certainly 
 established, and indo is perhaps 
 the correct reading. 
 
 Inducite: See Indutiag. 
 
 Inducula, a kind of under-gar- 
 ment worn by women. Fr.induo. 
 
 Indulgeo, I allow, indulge, 
 gratify. Soft for indurgeo, 
 (as piLgrim is for piRgrim 
 from peRegrinus, and as 
 Germ. baLbier for baRbier 
 from baRba,) from in and wr- 
 geo, as Indigeo for Inegeo. In 
 in this case is negative. " Nam 
 
 ges, from inde and geno, genui. As being 
 the native God of a place. But the ge- 
 nitive would be indigenis, not indigetis. 
 2 C 
 
202 
 
 ND- 
 
 INE 
 
 qui indulgem est, non urget 
 aut severe exigit, sed remittit 
 facile et condonat." F. % Al. 
 for indalgeo, (as Insalto, Insul- 
 to,) I am not cold to, I do not 
 treat a request with coldness 
 and indifference. Seneca : " Ju- 
 lius et amicitia, Tiberii notus et 
 frigore." Horace: "Metuo 
 ne quis amicus Frigore te fe- 
 riat." f Al. for indulceo fr. 
 dulcis. Tracto more dulci. 1 
 
 Induo, 1 put on. 'Evlvw. 
 
 Indusium, a garment worn 
 next to the skin. For intusium 
 fr. intus. % Or from induo» 
 But this seems hardly particular 
 enough. 
 
 Industria, industry. Hill : 
 " Industrius, with which the 
 Greek QiXonovos corresponds, is 
 derived by Festus from indos- 
 truo, contracted to instruo : 
 and signifies a steady and con- 
 siderate improvement of some 
 talent or advantage given us by 
 nature." Instruo is to build up, 
 and may mean to put together, 
 establish, improve, in opposition 
 to destruo, to destroy. Indus- 
 tria then will be that talent by 
 which instruimus men tern doc- 
 trina aut instruimus i. e. am- 
 plificamus res. Persius : "Rem 
 struere exoptas." The words 
 of Festus are : " Industrium, 
 quasi qui quicquid ageret, intro 
 strueret et studeret domi." Fes- 
 tus seems to understand indu 
 here to be equivalent to Intus, 
 or Domi. But indu may mean 
 
 1 Al. from £v$ov\evu) ; pf. eVSeSowXev- 
 kcc, eVSoDA/ca, whence £vSov\kzu, indul- 
 
 In, that is, Valde, as in Indu- 
 perator. Dacier explains in- 
 dustrium thus : " Laboriosum, 
 qui semper aliquid struit, id est, 
 agit." If Al. for inustria (D 
 added as in Indigeo) fr. inuro, 
 inustum. Quod urit labore. 
 Livy : " iEtolos propter pauci- 
 tatem dies noctesque assiduo 
 labore urente." ^f Or may 
 industrius be put for in- 
 dustarius from industo, i. e. 
 insto, as Tnduperans for Impe- 
 rans ? Instatitia is explained 
 by Forcellini " sedulitas, assi- 
 duitas." 2 
 
 Indutia, Inducite, a truce. 
 Fr. indu, within, and otium, ease 
 or peace. Otium inter arma. 
 ^f Sche'ller : " Perhaps it comes 
 from ducere bellum, to lengthen 
 out, carry on, war. Then in- 
 ducia is the not lengthening out 
 war, the cessation of it for a 
 time, a truce. Now a truce 
 among the ancients in early 
 times was a kind of peace or 
 suspension of hostilities for many 
 years." 
 
 Induvice, apparel put on. Fr. 
 induo. As Exuviae. 
 
 Inedia, hunger. Fr. in, not ; 
 edo, I eat. 
 
 Ineptia, fooleries, trifles. Fr. 
 ineptus. 
 
 Ineptus, unsuitable to the 
 time and circumstance, unfit, 
 absurd, foolish. Non aptus. 
 
 Iners, inactive, indolent. Qui 
 nullam artem exercet. Luci- 
 lius : " Iners, ars in quo non 
 erit ulla." 
 
 2 Al. for induntria, fr. indurgeo, in- 
 dursum. That is, valde urgeo opus. 
 
1NE- 
 
 NF 
 
 203 
 
 Inertia, idleness. Fr. iners, 
 inertis. 
 
 Infandus, not to be expressed, 
 inexpressibly bad. From for, 
 faris, part, fandus. 
 
 Infans, an infant. Fr. for, 
 fans. One who cannot speak. 
 Homer : JV^/a Texva. 
 
 Infect us, un wrought ; dyed. 
 See Inficio. 
 
 Infensus, angry, enraged, hos- 
 tile. See Offensus. 
 
 Inferi, the Gods below, the 
 Shades. Fr. eveqoi, svFepoi. 
 % Al. for inferi Dei, from in- 
 ferus. 
 
 Inferia, sacrifices to the (in- 
 feri) infernal Deities or to the 
 shades of departed friends. 
 
 Inferium vinum. " Colligas 
 inferium universe* dictum, quod 
 Jovi inferretur." F. 
 
 Infernus, below. Fr. inferus, 
 whence inferinus. So Supernus. 
 
 Inferus, which is below, be- 
 neath. As pertaining to the 
 inferi. ^f <e I believe it to be 
 called from infero, so as to sig- 
 nify Kctru^oviog, because the 
 dead (inferuntur terras) are 
 committed to the earth." V. 
 Then inferi are Dii inferi. 
 
 Infesto, I annoy, molest. 
 Infest us sum in. 
 
 Infestus, hostile to, hateful or 
 vexatious towards. From fes~ 
 tus, merry, lively, pleasant. That 
 is, unpleasant, disagreeable, 
 troublesome. ^] Al. from fastus, 
 pride, contumely. Contumeli- 
 osus in. 1 
 
 hificice : See Intitias. 
 
 1 Gellius deduces it from festino : 
 ** Nam qui instat alicui, eumque prope- 
 rdins urget, et opprimere studet festinat- 
 
 Inficio, I stain, dye ; I cor- 
 rupt. In is negative: I undo, 
 spoil, corrupt; and hence, I 
 stain. Forcellini explains Ma- 
 cula " quicquid alicujus rei pro- 
 prium colorem inficit et cor- 
 rumpit." % Others consider 
 inficio to mean, I work in. In > 
 i. e. intus. " Color enim indi- 
 tus se immittit et intro perva- 
 dit." F. 
 
 Infimus, lowest. For infer - 
 rimus fr. inferus. 
 
 Infiriitivus modus, the in- 
 finitive mood. Black : " It 
 does not denote any precise 
 time, nor does it determine the 
 number or person, but expresses 
 things in a loose manner, as To 
 teach." Yet the time is often 
 precise, as is manifest from the 
 difference of Vivere, Vixisse, 
 Victurum esse or fuisse. Schel- 
 ler : " The infinitive is the 
 undefined mode ; since, ~ at 
 times, it is not connected with 
 a person. As ' Discere est dul- 
 ce,' To learn is sweet; where 
 it is not defined who learns. 
 Yet this mode is often defined. 
 As ' Soleo scribere/ I am wont 
 to write. And still more defi- 
 nitely, when the accusative of 
 the subject accompanies it, as 
 ' Audio patrem vivere/ I hear 
 that my father lives." 
 
 hifit, he begins ; he begins 
 to say, he speaks. As opposed 
 to defit, he fails, leaves off. 
 
 Infztias ire, i. e. ire ad infi- 
 tias, to go to deny, to deny. 
 See Infitior. 
 
 que, is infestus dicitur." Rather from 
 the word which produced festino, and 
 festim also whence confestim. 
 
204 
 
 INF INI 
 
 Infitior, Inficior, 1 deny. 
 For infateor, non fateor. % Or 
 for infacior from in-facio, non 
 facto. " Quasi quis aiat, se 
 non fecisse." F. Compare 
 Nego from Ne-ago. 
 
 Infra, below. For infera, 
 i. e, infarct parte. So Supra. 
 
 Infrumtus, silly. Fr.fruni- 
 or. As wanting common sense, 
 and not knowing how rightly to 
 enjoy things. 
 
 Infula, a fillet, turban, gar- 
 land. For infila, (as reclpero, 
 recUpero ; bidlum, bidUum,) 
 fromjfilum, a thread. Festus : 
 " Infula sunt filament a lanea." 
 Vossius : " Infula ab infilando" 
 So Fillet is fromfilum. But the 
 I infilum is long ? Yet we have 
 Dejero and Pejero from Juro. 
 ^f Al. for imfula (as siNciput 
 for siMciput) fr.epQvco, whence 
 spfyvpi, to cling to, fasten upon. 
 Ingeniosus, endued with good 
 natural talents. Fr. ingenium. 
 
 Ingenium, natural disposition 
 or capacity. Fr. ingeno, inge- 
 nui. Vis natura ingenita. 
 
 Ingens, great, large. Fr. 
 gens. Festus : " Quia gens 
 populi est magnitudo, ingentem 
 significat valde magnum." Vir- 
 gil has " Ingentes populos." 
 Dacier : " Quod in gentem suf- 
 ficiat." That is, as much as 
 would do for a whole nation. 
 Compare Oppido, much, from 
 Oppidum. % Al. for incens. 
 So great (ut non possit censeri) 
 that it cannot b*e reckoned. 
 
 Ingenuus, native, natural. Fr. 
 ingeno, ingenui. Also, lawfully 
 begotten, as Gr. yvy<rio$ fr. ysv- 
 voico, yv&w, yvYJcrw. Hence free 
 
 born, free from one's birth ; and 
 so, like or becoming a free-born 
 person, liberal, candid. 
 
 Ingluvies, the craw or crop 
 of a bird ; the gullet or swallow ; 
 gluttony. From a verb gluo, 
 formed from y\u%co, to swallow, 
 whence Glutio. Then inglu- 
 vies, like Alluo, Alluvies. ^f Al. 
 from inglutio, inglutivi, inglu- 
 tivies, ingluvies. fl" Al. for in- 
 gulies, from gula ; whence in- 
 gluies, ingluvies. Or for ingu- 
 luvies. 
 
 Ingruo, I fall violently on, 
 assail. Properly, as cranes, 
 which fly in a large band and 
 with a great noise. Fr. grus, 
 gruis. See Congruo. Milton : 
 " That small infantry, warr'd 
 on by cranes." % Al. soft for 
 inruo. 
 
 Inguen, the groin. " Ab 
 eyxvov, quia ibi in sexu sequiori 
 est xvoToxlct. Aut ab sv et yovrj, 
 semen. Aut pro ingen ab in- 
 geno. Quia ibi partes geni- 
 tales." V. 
 
 Inhio, 1 covet. That is, I 
 gape for. 
 
 Inimlcus, unfriendly, hostile. 
 Fr. amicus. 
 
 Iniquus, uneven, unequal, un- 
 just. Fr. aquus. 
 
 Initio, I admit (ad initio) to 
 the sacred rites, initiate, ^f Or 
 fr. ineo, initum. Facio ut ali- 
 quis ineat, I introduce. 
 
 Initium, a commencement, 
 beginning. Fr. ineo, initum. 
 An entrance on a thing. The 
 Latins say "ab ineunte natura." 
 Hence initia, the sacred rites of 
 Ceres. " Because these rites 
 were the beginning of or intro- 
 
INJ- 
 
 •INS 
 
 205 
 
 duction to a better life. Or 
 because from Ceres is the be- 
 ginning of life." F. 6( Or initio, 
 is for initio sacrorum. Virgil : 
 Turn Stygio regi nocturnas in- 
 choat aras." V. Or initio is 
 lt initiamenta." 
 
 Injungo, I enjoin> order. 
 That is, I join a burden on to a 
 person, I lay upon, impose. 
 Pliny : il Mihi Bassus injunx- 
 erat ut defensionis fundamenta 
 jacerem." Pliny: " In iis of- 
 ficiis quae injunxeratis." 
 
 Injuria, injury, wrong. Fr. 
 jus, juris, Quod won jure fit. 
 
 lnnuo, 1 nod. Fr. nuo, vevca. 
 So Annuo. 
 
 Inoculo, I insert the (oculum) 
 eye of a bud into another stock. 
 
 InopSf inopis, poor. Qui est 
 si fie ope. 
 
 InqutUnus, a lodger, renter; 
 a stranger. For inculinus, fr. 
 incolo. 
 
 Inquino, I defile, befoul. Fr. 
 xoivw, whence syxoivw, inquoino, 
 I profane, pollute. % Al. from 
 cunio, 
 
 Inqitio and Inquam, I say. Fr. 
 
 6VS7T00, iEol. SVEXC0, (aS ?7r7T0?, 
 
 f Uxos,) transp. Ii/xla?, inqueo. 
 Compare linQUo from As/ilcw. 
 " Inquam" says Vossius, " ap- 
 pears to be put for inquiebam." 
 If Al. from sy^voo, to pour forth, 
 to send forth, i. e. words. % 
 Some refer to Goth, quithan, 
 whence our quoth. 
 
 Inquiro, 1 seek for, ask. Fr. 
 quaro. 
 
 Inseco, I say. Fr. %nw 9 iEol. 
 exco, (See Inquio,) whence seco, 
 inseco. ^f Al. for insequo, in- 
 sequor. Persequor oratiouem. 
 
 Insecta, insects. Fr. inseco, 
 insectum. Like Gr. evrojw,a. 
 Locke : " They are called from 
 a separation in the middle of 
 their bodies, whereby they are 
 cut into two parts, which are 
 joined together by a small liga- 
 ture, as we see in wasps." 
 
 Insicio, a sausage. " Ex 
 carne concisa." F. 
 
 Insidia, an ambush, lying in 
 wait. Fr. insedeo, insideo, I 
 post myself on a place with a 
 view to assault. Tacitus : " Juga 
 insedere ut Romanis desuper 
 incurrerent." So Gr. hilpot, from 
 efya, a seat. 
 
 Insigne, a sign or mark of 
 distinction, a badge, ensign, sig- 
 nal. Fr. signum. 
 
 Insignis 9 distinguished by some 
 (signum) sign or mark, distin- 
 guished, remarkable. 
 
 Insilia, the treadle of a wea- 
 ver's loom. For the weaver 
 (insilit) leaps on it. 
 
 Insimulo, I pretend or feign a 
 charge against; I accuse gene- 
 rally. " Crimen confingo in ali- 
 quem, sive verum sit sive fal- 
 sum." F. 
 
 Instnuo, I wind gradually, in- 
 troduce myself gradually. Fr. 
 sinus, 
 
 Insipo, I throw into. See 
 Dissipo. 
 
 InsolenSy arrogant, insolent. 
 Insolito more agens, solitum 
 morem excedens. 
 
 Insolentia, insolence. Fr. in- 
 solens, entis. 
 
 Instantia, earnestness, urgen- 
 cy. Actus instandi urgendique. 
 
 Instar : See Appendix. 
 
 Instauro, I renew, restore. 
 
206 
 
 INS- 
 
 INT 
 
 Fr. (TTuupow, crtuupcb, I fix pales 
 or palisades, i. e. with a view to 
 prop up things which are fallen. 
 " Restauro, a <rravpco, palum 
 depango. Ex antiquo rusti- 
 corum aevo, qui palis aedifi- 
 cia, septa, aliaque reficiebant." 
 Ainsw. Compare Vallo from 
 Vallus. ^f Or, shall we sup- 
 pose that from trruco were orae- 
 gb$, crraupog, stable, and crruspoco, 
 (TTuvQouiycrTuvQU), To make stable, 
 steady, or firm ? Srctvpos, a stake, 
 is indeed for crctspos from 
 OTaco. 
 
 Instigo, I stimulate. Fr. 
 early a. pf. mid. of <tt1^co, I goad. 
 
 Instittguo, I instigate. For 
 instiguo, fr. (myth, as instigo. 
 
 Instita, the broad border put 
 round the lower part of a wo- 
 man's robe ; a bandage, garter. 
 Fr. insto, or insisto, institum. 
 Because it (instat) stands over 
 the feet. Or because it stands 
 or rests upon the robe. 1 
 
 Institor, a retailer, huckster. 
 Fr. insto or insisto, institum. 
 Forcellini : " Qui a mercatore 
 negotiationi est propositus. Ab 
 insistendo, quod negotio gerendo 
 insistat." Nonius : " Instat 
 mercaturam ; credo rem faciat ; 
 frugi est homo." 
 
 Instrumentum, furniture, ef- 
 fects, equipage, utensils, im- 
 plements, tools. Fr. instruo, I 
 furnish, equip, fit out, provide, 
 arrange. 
 
 Insubidus : See Appendix. 
 
 Insula, an island. From Cel- 
 
 tic insh. % % Or insula is, 211 
 salo or in sale posita. As In- 
 salsus, Insulsus. ^f Al. from 
 vyjcroj, transp. jjvrog, (as Nixto, 
 'Ivxw, whence Vinco,) whence 
 ensula, then insula, as 'Evrbg, 
 Intus. 3 
 
 Insula: '* An insulated house, 
 not joined to the neighbouring 
 houses by a common wall. 
 These insula had often a good 
 many rooms which were let out 
 to families and those usually of 
 the poorer sort. Whence the 
 Glosses explain insula by <rvvoi- 
 xlu. Hence we may view insula 
 in another light, and thus dis- 
 tinguish it from Domus : That 
 that was a Domus in which one 
 family lived, whether joined to 
 other houses or insulated ; and 
 that that was an insula in which 
 many families lived, whether 
 joined to other houses or not." 
 F. 
 
 Insulsus, insipid. Non sal- 
 sus. 
 
 Insulto, I insult over, deride. 
 Properly, I leap or spring over 
 in a contemptuous spirit. 
 
 Intammatus, unsullied. See 
 Contamino. 
 
 Integer, whole, entire, sound, 
 uncorrupted. For intager fr. 
 in, tago, tango. Of which no 
 part is touched. So cc8ixto$ is 
 translated by Donnegan " entire, 
 whole," fr. Qlyoo, teOixtou. 
 
 Integritas, soundness, sound- 
 ness of feeling, uprightness. Fr. 
 integer, integra. 
 
 1 " From iuffTUrri from iyarrlfa.' 
 Isaac Voss. 
 
 2 Classical Journal, Vol. 3. P. 122. 
 
 3 " For ifula fr. isa. Heaychius 
 'Itra, aAes, 6d\a<r<xa." Isaac Voss. 
 
INT- 
 
 INT 
 
 207 
 
 Intelligo, I understand, com- 
 prehend, perceive, feel. For 
 interlego. Perhaps the original 
 meaning is found in the following 
 passage of Nepos : ff Ut difficile 
 esset intellectu utrum eum ami- 
 cimagisvererentur an amarent. ,, 
 Here intellectu refers to a 
 
 CHOICE BETWEEN tWO tilings. 
 
 If Some understand inter in in- 
 telligo to be the same as intus : 
 Intus mecum colligo. 
 
 Intemperies, the state of the 
 air, when it is immoderately hot 
 or cold, moist or dry. That is, 
 when (non temperatur) it is not 
 tempered by the opposite state. 
 
 Intentio, exertion, effort. The 
 action of the mind when on 
 the stretch. Fr. intendo, in- 
 tentus. 
 
 Inter, between, among. Fr. 
 in, as Sub, Subter. ^J Al. 
 from hrog, iEol. hvrog. 
 
 Interamentum : " Quicquid 
 ad aliquid interius muniendum 
 vel instruendum requiritur." F. 
 From intero, avi, from interns. 
 
 Interanea, the intestines. Fr. 
 intera. As Extraneus from 
 Extra. 
 
 Interbito, I perish. The 
 same as intereo. Bito is Eo. 
 See Beto. 
 
 Intercdlo, I interpose or in- 
 sert days in a month to make the 
 civil year the same as the natural. 
 The Priests used (calare) to 
 call out or proclaim the nones, 
 ides, and calends of each month 
 to the people. 
 
 Intercdpldo, an interval of 
 time, intermission, pause. Da- 
 cier : <e Quod inter duo tem- 
 poris spatia intercipitur." 
 
 Intercedo, I interpose, op- 
 pose. Cedo, i. e. eo, inter. I 
 stop the proceedings by a Veto. 
 Also, I interpose and become 
 responsible for another, am 
 surety. 
 
 lntercipio, I take or seize by 
 surprise. Capio aliquid interea 
 dum aufertur. 
 
 Inter cus, cutis, the dropsy 
 (inter cut em) between the skin 
 and the flesh. 
 
 Inter dico, I interpose my opi- 
 nion and so prevent a law being 
 carried ; I forbid generally. See 
 Jntercedo. 
 
 Inter dum 9 now and then, 
 
 BETWEEN WHILE. 
 
 Interea, in the mean while. 
 Inter ea negotia. Or, inter 
 negotia facta ea tempestate. 
 
 Intereo, I perish, die. Eo 
 here, like oT^ojxai, is to go to 
 ruin and decay. Inter increases 
 the force, as in Interneco ; and 
 seems properly to have reference 
 to many circumstances of ruin ; 
 to one thing not being by itself, 
 but surrounded by many others. 
 Pereo is somewhat alike. 
 
 Interest, it concerns or im- 
 ports. Cicero : " Multum in- 
 terest rei familiaris tuae, te 
 quamprimum venire." It is 
 placed as it were in the very 
 center of your affairs. 
 
 Interest, there is a difference 
 between. Nepos : " Si quis 
 illorum legat facta, paria horutn 
 cognoscat, neque rem ullam ni- 
 si tern pus interesse judicet :" 
 That there is nothing between 
 them but time, that in all but 
 time they are coincident. 
 
 Interficio, 1 kill. See Con- 
 
£08 
 
 NT- 
 
 INT 
 
 ficio. Inter increases the force, 
 as in Intereo. 
 
 Interfio, I perish. See In- 
 terficio. 
 
 Intergerivi parietes, common 
 walls which (inter geruntur) are 
 carried and raised between 
 neighbouring houses. 
 
 Interim, in the meanwhile. 
 Inter im i. e. earn rem. Plau- 
 tus has " inter rem istam." 
 
 Inter into, I take in the midst, 
 intercept, take, take away ; I 
 take from the living, kill. Here 
 emo is to take, as in Adimo. For- 
 cellini explains interimo " e me- 
 dio tollo." That is, ex-inter- 
 emo. 
 
 Interior, more within ; inner. 
 Fr. interns. 
 
 Interitus, destruction. Fr. 
 intereo, interitum. 
 
 Interluco, I lop so that the 
 branches may be seen through. 
 That is, injicio lucem inter. 
 % AL from htcus. ^[ See also 
 Colluco. 
 
 Intermitto, I (mitto) dismiss 
 a thing (interim) for a time. 
 
 Internus, inner. Fr. inter or 
 interus, whence interinus, in- 
 ternus. So Supernus. 
 
 Interpello, I interrupt one 
 while speaking. See Appello, 
 Compello. 
 
 Interpolo, I whiten or furbish 
 up, patch up new things with 
 old. For interpolio, as Occa- 
 pio, Occupo. 
 
 Interpres, etis, an agent be- 
 tween two parties in making a 
 bargain or transacting business. 
 Hence, it means one who stands 
 between a writer and his reader, 
 and explains the meaniug of the 
 
 fo.mer to the latter ; an ex- 
 pounder, translator. Hence also 
 an interpreter between two per- 
 sons who speak a language un- 
 known to the other. Fr. inter 
 and partes. Whence interper- 
 tis, interprets. % Ox from in- 
 ter and pretium. One who 
 offers a price between contract- 
 ing parties. Or from 7rpotrr^, a 
 vender. " Graece ju,sero7Tf arai, 
 i. e. juicro* tyj$ 7rpacrsco$, mediato- 
 res venditionis. Nam et pre- 
 tium ex TTgctTM, et interpreter^ 
 Salmas. 
 
 Intersum. Cicero : " In his 
 rebus nihil omnino interest. 3 ' 
 There is no interval between 
 them, they are directly allied or 
 one and the same thing. 
 
 Intertrigo, a chafing of the 
 skin by rubbing against any 
 thing. Fr. intertero, inteterigo, 
 (as Jmpeto, Impetigo,) inter- 
 trigo. 
 
 Intertrimentum, waste. See 
 Detritnentum. 
 
 Intervallum, the space (inter 
 vallos) between the stakes of 
 the rampart of a camp ; any in- 
 terval. 
 
 Interula, a kind of inner 
 clothing. Fr. interus. Apu- 
 leius has " tunicam interulam." 
 
 Interus, which is within. 
 Fr. inter. As Super, Superus. 
 
 Intestabilis, execrable. Pro- 
 perly, so bad as not to be al- 
 lowed (testari) to give evidence 
 in a court of law, or to make a 
 will. 
 
 Intestmus, internal. Fr. in- 
 tus. 
 
 Intimo, I make known. In- 
 timum et familiare facio. 
 
INT- 
 
 1NU 
 
 209 
 
 Inlimus, innermost ; very in- 
 timate. For inter rimus fr. in- 
 terns. As Inferrimus, Infimus. 
 
 Intra, within. Fr. intera par- 
 te. So Infra. 
 
 Intrivtsccus, on the inside. 
 Fr. intra, in, secHs. See the 
 first Secus. 
 
 Intro, into a place. For in- 
 tero fr. interns. So E6, Ade6, 
 &c. 
 
 Intro, I enter. Intro eo. 
 
 Introrsum, inwardly. For in- 
 troversum. 
 
 Intubum, endive. Vossius 
 says : " Gloss, evrvfiov, intiba" 
 Possibly however this evrvfiov 
 might have been derived from 
 the Latin. % " From in and 
 tuba, a hollow instrument. 
 From the holiowness of its 
 stalk." Tt. 
 
 Intueor, I look stedfastly at, 
 fix my eye on. See Tueor. 
 
 Intus, within. *Evto$. 
 
 Invehor, I inveigh against, 
 upbraid. Properly applied to 
 an enemy riding against a place 
 and assaulting it. Livy : " Cum 
 pleraque castella oppugnata, su- 
 peratas munitiones, utrinque 2W- 
 vehi hostem, nunciaretur." 
 
 Invenio, 1 find. That is, I 
 come upon, light upon. 
 
 Investio, I sit round, sur- 
 round. Properly, I clothe, 
 cover. 
 
 Inveteratus, confirmed by 
 age. Fr. vetus, veteris. 
 
 Invideo, I envy. That is, I 
 keep my eye fixed on an object 
 with sentiments of secret jea- 
 lousy. " Ductum est a nimis 
 intuendo fortunam alterius," 
 says Cicero. 
 Etym. 
 
 Invisus,hated, odious. "Quern 
 aequo animo videre non pos- 
 sumus." F. Or fr. invideo, 
 invisurn. Envied, and so hated. 
 Donnegan has : <( 'Ayxtypoii, to 
 envy : to hate." 
 
 Invito, I ask, invite. Fr. 
 vocito, invocito, whence invoito, 
 invito. % Al. from in and nel$a>, 
 I persuade, whence pito, vito. 
 Or from a word e^Tre'iOv. ^f Al. 
 from in, and cthsco, uhw, whence 
 vito, as Ahiov, Vitium ; Oho$, 
 Vinum. 1 
 
 Invitus, unwilling. Fr. vito, 
 I avoid, decline, devito. ^f Or 
 from in and vieo, (which is from 
 /3<«co) I bind, force, part, vietus 
 and vitus* (Compare Vimen 
 and Vitis.) That is, much 
 forced, % Al. from ^iarbg, 
 forced ; whence epj3iaTo$, imvi- 
 tus, invitus. 3. 
 
 Inula or Enula, the herb 
 elecampane. Corrupted from 
 helenium, elenium, enelium; fr. 
 sksviov. 
 
 Involo, I filch, steal. That 
 is, I fly upon, invade. If Al. 
 from vola. In volam meatn 
 jacio. 
 
 Involucrmn, a wrapper. Fr. 
 involvo, involutum. As Sepul- 
 tum, Sepulcrum. 
 
 Involvulus, a small worm 
 that (involvit) winds itself round 
 the leaves of vines, &c. 
 
 Inuus, Pan. Ab ineo, sensu 
 
 1 Al. from vivo, vivitum. I call to a 
 meal. As Conviva (from vivo) is a 
 guest. 
 
 2 " From in, negative, and ireiQbs, 
 complying, obedient." Haigh. 
 
 <2 D 
 
'210 
 
 io- 
 
 RR 
 
 ctQpodio-ioKTTMa). Sic Vaco, Va- 
 cuus. 
 
 Io, an exclamation of sorrow 
 or of joy. 'loo. 
 
 Jocus, merriment, a jovial or 
 pleasant saying, joke, jest. Fr. 
 luyrj (or ]vyo$) a shout of joy, a 
 noise ; hence transferred to 
 noisy merriment, to " merriment 
 which is wont to set the table 
 on a roar/' Hence jugus, (as 
 'Jyjo-ous, Jesus), and jogus, (as 
 pTXv\, mOla,) whence for soft- 
 ness jocus. ^ Al. from lottos, 
 noise; whence jacus, jocus. % 
 Al. from juvo, I amuse, enter- 
 tain ; whence juvicus, jucus. 
 See Focus. 
 
 lota, the Greek name of the 
 letter I. Also, a jot or tittle. 
 
 'iwTU. 
 
 Jovis, of Jupiter ; anciently 
 (as Varro says) the nominative 
 case. From the Hebrew Jovah 
 or Jehovah. % Or from Zsbc, 
 Zsu§, whence Jeis 9 (as Zuyov, 
 Jugum,) and Jovis, as vEo;, 
 nOVus; evEa, nOVem. 
 
 Ipse, himself. For is-pse. 
 from \[/e, (i. e. <p<rs) Doric of tr$e, 
 which is not only Him, but 
 Himself, ^f Al. from \J/s sim- 
 ply. 
 
 Ira, anger. From epig, Poet. 
 elpis, wrath. 1 Or from slow, 
 (same as spca, whence spi$) may 
 have been a word elpct, much the 
 same as epi$, contention, an- 
 ger. ^[ Or from the North. 
 a j rre amon g the Anglo-Saxons 
 signifies as nearly as possible, 
 
 passion, irascibility, and irrita- 
 tion. Germ, irren is to irritate, 
 and to take ill." W. % " From 
 Hebr. chirah." Tt. % Al. 
 from the snarling sound ir. In 
 allusion to R, the '* canina 
 litera." 2 
 
 Iracundus, given to anger. 
 Fr. ira, whence iror, iratus. 
 So Facundus from For, Vere- 
 cundus from Vereor. 
 
 Irascor, I am angry. Fr. 
 ira, whence iror, iratus. 
 
 Ire, to go. From eo, or from 
 io, Gr.'l'jo, whence ire, as Audio, 
 Audire. 
 
 Iris, a rainbow; also, the 
 flower de luce. *Jf>*s. 
 
 Irnea: See Hirnea. 
 
 Ironia, irony. Elpcovslu. 
 
 Irpex, irpicis, a rake or har- 
 row. From ag7ra£, a§7rctyo$, 
 the same. Somewhat as v Ojx- 
 (3pog became Imbris. 
 
 Irrito, I provoke, enrage. 
 From irrio (or hirrio), irritum, 
 as properly applied to the irrita- 
 tion of dogs. Facio ut canis 
 irriat* Plautus : " Ne ca- 
 ne m quidem irritatam volet 
 quispiam imitarier." ^f Al. from 
 hpeQco, by corruption kppsQoo and 
 hppsiQoD. T for 0, as XuBsco, 
 laTeo. ^f " Verel. in Ind. has 
 reita ; irritare," says Wachter. 
 From this northern word might 
 flow rito, and inrito, irrito. 
 Forcellini has : " Irrito and 
 Inrito." ^f Or from puuu. See 
 Prorito. 
 
 1 So translated (inter alia) by Donne- 2 Tooke says : " Irasc-i is from An- 
 
 gan. The Etyraol. Magn. states that the glo-Sax. irs-ian." This is erroneous, as 
 
 Arcadians said ipivitiv for bpyl%e<xQai. 
 
 the S in irasci is fortuitous. 
 
]RR< 
 
 JUB 
 
 211 
 
 Irritus, of no effect. Non 
 rat us, not ratified. 
 
 Irrogo, I ordain against, in- 
 flict on. That is, rogo in, I 
 bring in a law against. See 
 Arrogo, Derogo. 
 
 Is, he, this or that. Fr. os, 
 which is not only who or which, 
 but he or this. As y 8' o$ in 
 Plato. So 0$ xai os, this and 
 that person. The aspirate is 
 dropt, as in Ulcus from "EXxos, 
 and Uti from "On. And I is 
 put for O, as in Imbris from 
 *Oy,(3pos. If The Mceso-Gotb. 
 is, Germ, es, is the same. 
 
 Ischiadicus, Ischidcus, apper- 
 taining to the hip. 'lo-xictlixbs, 
 
 lo-^lCLtiOS- 
 
 Isicium, a sausage. For in- 
 sicium. Athenaeus however has 
 Wixiov. 
 
 Isis, a Goddess of the Egyp- 
 tians. "Io-is- 
 
 Isocolon, lsodomon, Isopleu- 
 ron, Isosceles, Greek words. 
 
 Iste, this, that. From o$ rs, 
 as Is from "Os. f Al. from is, 
 with te affixed, as in Tute. But 
 in this case perhaps te would have 
 remained unchanged through the 
 cases. 
 
 Isthic : See Istic. 
 
 Isthmia, the Isthmian games. 
 
 Isthmus, an isthmus. 'Io-Qpo's. 
 
 Istic or Isthic, the self-same. 
 Fr. iste and hie. 
 
 Istorsum, thitherward. Istum 
 locum vorsum. 
 
 Ita, so, thus. Fr. elr«, trans- 
 lated by Donnegan (inter alia) 
 " thus, so." 
 
 Itaque, therefore. That is, 
 and so. Ehu is also " then." 
 
 Item, in the same manner, 
 likewise, also. Short for itidem. 
 If Al. from shot, after that. We 
 have decEM from UxA. But 
 this may not apply. 
 
 Iter and Itiner, itiner is, a 
 journey, way. Fr. eo, itum. 
 Itiner may be fr. ito, itino. As 
 Fruor, Fruinor, whence Frui- 
 niscor, Fruniscor. We have 
 Jecur, Jecinoris. 
 
 Itero, 1 do or go over again, 
 repeat. From iterum, again ; 
 and this from hspov, another, i. e. 
 another time. Aspirate dropt, 
 as in"EXxos, Ulcus; and E 
 turned to J, as in 3 Ev, In; 'Evtos, 
 Intus; If Al. from iter or 
 fv.itum. it I go often." Black. 
 " Per iter factum revertor." W. 
 
 Iterum, again. See Itero. 
 
 1 1 hi) phallus : a Greek word. 
 
 Itidem, in like manner, like- 
 wise. Fr. ita and dem, as in 
 Pridem, Idem. For itadem, as 
 pcf%Avoi, maehlna. ^f Al. for 
 ita and idem, or iterum and 
 idem. 
 
 Itiner: See Iter. 
 
 Ito, I go frequently; I go. 
 Fr. eo, itum. 
 
 Itus, a going. Fr. eo, itum. 
 
 Juba, a mane. Hence, the 
 feathers which a cock raises on 
 his neck ; the crest of a helmet ; 
 the silver train of a comet. Fr. 
 <po/3»j, phoha, whence hoba, (as 
 from <Pkp$& is Herb a,) and joba, 
 (as Jecur for Recur,) then juba. 
 Vossius : " The iEolians said 
 pTyic for pOyis, (rrTpst for 
 o-jO^a, &c." 
 
 Jubar, radiance, splendor. 
 " Jubce quandam similitudinem 
 referens." F. Juba is applied 
 
212 
 
 JUB 
 
 JUG 
 
 to numerous objects of a bright 
 or radiant color, ^f AI. from 
 <£o/3c£, to terrify ; hence astonish, 
 amaze. As Juba from <Pofiv\. 
 
 Jubeo, I command. As Juba 
 is from 3>o/3>j, so jubeo is from 
 4>o/3eco, to frighten, and so fright- 
 en with menaces, menace. 
 Then to command in a mena- 
 cing manner. Shakspeare has 
 *• An eye like Mars' to threaten 
 and command." * 
 
 Jubilo, I shout. For juilo 
 from lou, an exclamation, whence 
 ju. Compare Ejulo. B added, 
 as in BiBo, and perhaps roBur. 
 If Al. from Hebr. jobel, a trum- 
 pet. 
 
 Jucundus, delightful. Fr. 
 juvo, whence juvacundus, ju- 
 cundus, as Vereor, Verecundus ; 
 For, Facundus. 
 
 Judex, judicis, a judge. For 
 juridex, juridicis, from jus, 
 juris, and dico. One who states 
 the law. 
 
 Judico, I judge. See Judex. 
 
 Jugerum, the Roman acre. 
 Fr. jugo, jungo. The space 
 occupied in two " actus qua- 
 drati" joined together. *f Al. 
 from jugum. As much space 
 as could be ploughed by a yoke 
 of oxen in one day. 
 
 Jugis, perpetual, continual. 
 Fr. jugo, jungo. As referring 
 to divisions of time joined on 
 without intermission. So (rvvs- 
 yrfi, i. e. holding together. And 
 Latin Continuus. 
 
 1 Al. from jus hnbeo. Al. from fajSw, 
 i. e. diajSiw, SmjStaw. Haigh says : 
 " From inrew, to be above." But v7reco 
 should rather mean to he under. 
 
 Juglans, a walnut. For Jovis- 
 glans, Joiglans, Juglans, as 
 pUnio from -ttOIvyj. The acorn 
 or nut of Jove. So called from 
 its magnitude. 
 
 Jugo, I join, yoke. Fr. $*uya>, 
 fut. 2. Xpyoi. 
 
 Jugula : See Appendix. 
 
 Jugulo, I kill. Caedojwga- 
 lum. 
 
 Jugulum, that part of the 
 neck where the windpipe is. 
 " From jugum. Because the 
 yoke is fastened to this part." 
 Tt. If Al. from jugo, jungo. 
 As joining the head to the 
 body. 
 
 Jugum, a yoke, joining to- 
 gether the necks of two oxen. 
 Fr. tyyov. Or from jugo, jungo. 
 Hence a yoke of oxen ; a pair. 
 And the yoke of slavery or 
 thraldom. Also, a machine 
 under which vanquished enemies 
 were made to pass, consisting of 
 two perpendicular stakes joined 
 by a horizontal one. Hence, 
 from the same transverse form, a 
 frame for supporting vines, and 
 the beam on which weavers turn 
 their web. And, (like Kuyov) 
 the beam of a balance, and the 
 bench or seat of rowers. Also, 
 the ridge or top of a mountain. 
 Perhaps from its continuity. 
 (See Jugis.) i( Praecipu& dici 
 videtur de continuo montis 
 cacumine." F. Or from several 
 hills running on in continuity. 
 Or, jugum is the same as Jugu- 
 lum, and so we may compare 
 Gr. dsipvj, the neck, and faipoi$, 
 the summit of a mountain; Xq$q$, 
 a neck and the summit of a 
 mountain. 
 
JUL 
 
 JUS 
 
 213 
 
 Julius t July. In honor of 
 C. Julius Caesar, who was born 
 in this month. 
 
 lulus, the moss of plants. 
 "iovkog. 
 
 Jumentum, a beast of bur- 
 den. Fr.juvo, whence juvamen- 
 tum, jumentum, like Adjumen- 
 turn, f Quod nostrum laborem 
 vel onera subvectando vel arando 
 juvat" says Columella. So 
 VirgiL of the bull dying from 
 the plague : " Quid labor aut 
 
 BENE FACTA juvant ?" ^f Al. 
 
 for jugamentum fr. jugo, to 
 yoke. 
 
 J uncus, a bulrush. Fr. jun- 
 go. Useful in weaving and 
 binding. So Wachter derives 
 Germ, bintz, j uncus, from 
 bin den, to bind. 1 
 
 Jungo, I join. For jugo, 
 (as Frango for Frago) fr. £suyco, 
 or fr. tyyS) fut. 2. of fyvyco. 
 
 Junior, younger. Forjuve- 
 nior fr.juvenis. 
 
 Jumperus, a juniper tree. Fr. 
 junis, (whence junior) young ; 
 andpario. " Because it produces 
 its young berries, while the old 
 ones are ripening. ,, Tt. " Quia 
 perpetuo renascitur." W. 
 
 Junius, June. Perhaps in 
 honor of Juyiius Brutus, the 
 first consul, ^f Al. tor Juno- 
 nius. The month sacred to 
 Juno, ^f Al. from the juniores 
 who were the body-guard of 
 Romulus. Ovid says : '? Ju- 
 nius ajuvenum nomine dictus." 
 
 Junix, a heifer. Fr. juvenis, 
 
 whence juvenix, junix. Com- 
 pare Juvencus. 
 
 Juno, Juno. For Zuno (as 
 Zvyov, Jugum) from Zolv or 
 Zyv, Jupiter. Or rather from 
 Zolvw, Juno. Somewhat as 
 hUmus from yAy.t$* 
 
 Jupiter, Juppiter, Jupiter. 
 From Zsvg xotryp, whence Jus- 
 piter (as Zvyov, Jugum), Jup- 
 piter or Jupiter. Pythagoras 
 has in the vocative ZsD ttutsq. 
 % Or from Jovis-pater, {Jovis 
 being anciently found in the no- 
 minative,) Joipater, Jupiter, 
 as from ttOIioj is pUnio. So we 
 find Neptunus Pater, Janus 
 Pater, &c. Compare Juglans. 
 
 Jurgo, I sue at law, litigate, 
 dispute, brawl. For jurigo, from 
 jure ago. So Litigo is Lite-ago. 
 
 Juro, I swear. Fr. jus, juris. 
 " Nam, qui jurat, religiose 
 spondet se aliquid, ceu jus sit, 
 servaturum." V. When Caesar 
 says, " Juravit, se, nisi victo- 
 rem, in castra non reversurum," 
 the person who thus swore was 
 bound to consider his oath as a 
 law to himself. The Latins said 
 j us- jurandum, juris- jur audi. 
 
 Jus, juris, law, right, justice. 
 Jus is fr. jussi from jubeo. 
 That which is ordained by 
 laws human or divine. % Al. 
 from Uog, right, formed fr. Issi, 
 hi, it behoves ; as from XP* sl * s 
 XP*°S> debitum. AE being turned 
 to J, somewhat as in Soldiery 
 DI is pronounced J. 
 
 2 " Rudbeck derives it from Gio or Jo, 
 terra. He says that in Gothic ' Jo och 
 
 1 Al. from ax ^ *) whence x ott,os > J una ' signifies husband and wife." Ja- 
 transp. 1ovxos,joncus,juncus. mieson. 
 
214 
 
 JUS- 
 
 ■JUX 
 
 Jus, juris, broth. Juris is 
 fr. £cogoi/, which means u . pure, 
 unmixed," but seems rightly 
 supposed by Lennep to have 
 originally meant " fervens, fer- 
 vidum." Hence joris, (as Zv- 
 yov, Jugum,) and juris, as Qflpog, 
 fUris. ^f Or jus is from a 
 word £e'o£ formed from %£co, like 
 XQ*°$> $*°S' Cicero has " Jus 
 fervens," and Horace "te- 
 pidum jits" So Gr. gco/io?, 
 broth, is from £oo>, e&pou, same 
 as %£uo, to boil, ^f Or fr. $*fa 
 fr. ^uco, tyo-'co, whence {Jwflof, fer- 
 mented liquor, and £upj, leaven. 
 5T Al. from the north. " From 
 jas, * fervor, ebuilitio/ which 
 remains among the Welsh from 
 the ancient language of the Bri- 
 tons, the Germans have j&sen, 
 ' effervescere/ " W. 1 
 
 Jussum, an order. Fr.jubeo, 
 jubsi, jubsum, softened into 
 jussi, jussum. 
 
 Justitia, justice. Fr. Justus. 
 As Malus,Malitia. 
 
 Justitium, a total cessation 
 from law proceedings, ordained 
 in a public mourning. Fr. juris 
 statio, a standing still of the law. 
 So Solstitium. 
 
 Justus, just. Fr. jus, as 
 Onus, Onustus. Horace: "Qui 
 leges juraque servat." 
 
 Juvencus, a bullock. Fr. 
 juvenis, whence juvenicus, ju- 
 vencus. ^f Al. from juvo. " Quia 
 jamjuvare ad agrum colendum 
 potest." F. See Jumentum. 
 
 Jicvtnis, young, youthful. Fr. 
 
 1 " Fr. jus. Because it was distributed 
 in families (per justas portiones) in 
 equal portions." Tt. That is, ex jure. 
 
 juvo. One who is arrived at 
 that time of life which admits 
 of his being of use to his country 
 and to his family and to himself/ 
 
 Juventa, youth. Fr. juvenis. 
 As Senex, Senecis, Senecta. 
 
 Juvo, I succour, help, assist. 
 Fr. luu), (whence laopui) I cure, 
 remedy. Horace : " Qui salu- 
 t&njuvat arte fessos." Pliny: 
 " Graveolentiam halitus buty- 
 rum efficacissime juvat," reme- 
 dies. Hence jao, jaVo (as V 
 is added in Lavo), whence juvo, 
 as ^Jjicoj, hUmus ; and as vice 
 versa. cAnis from xTvog. Juvo 
 is also, to please, delight, amuse. 
 " Quia, quae prosunt, eadem 
 fere voluptati sunt," says For- 
 cellini. 'Iaiw (which is from 
 law) is to gladden and delight. 
 IT Haigh : " Fr. tytpooo, ?o$w, to 
 obscure, to shade, metaph. to 
 protect." Hence jopho, (as 
 Zvyov, Jugum,) jovo, (as v/^oj, 
 niVis), then juvo. 3 
 
 Juxta, immediately upon, 
 hard by, near. Also, nearly 
 alike, equally. Also, agreeably 
 with or according to something 
 else, as being nearly like it. Fr. 
 jugo, ( w hence jungo,) j uxi, jux- 
 tum, like Mixtum. As joining 
 on with. Butler : " When we 
 say, Sepultus est juxta viam 
 Appiam, the real expression is, 
 A parte juncta ad viam Appiam." 
 
 2 " Guicharto dici videtur quasi jubenis 
 ujuba, quasi Comatus ; vel quasi jupenis 
 ab iirf)V7j, barba; unde virr)wf)Tr)s, juve- 
 nis." V. 
 
 3 Some refer juvo to Jovis. Quia, qui 
 juvat, ille est quasi Jupiter ei quern juvat. 
 % Al. from x^ w » whence chu Vo, juvo. Ho- 
 mer has 'Exvdr] dvpbs, His soul was poured 
 out in joy. 
 
IYN 
 
 LAB 
 
 215 
 
 lynx, a wag- tail. v /uy£. 
 
 L. 
 
 Labarum: See Appendix. 
 
 Labdacismus, a fault in speech, 
 when the L (i. e. XafS^a same as 
 Ka^lcx) is repeated too often. 
 AafidaxKTpos. 
 
 Ldbefacio, I make to totter. 
 Labor e facio. 
 
 Ldbellum, a little lip. Fr. 
 labrum, as Flagrum, Flagellum. 
 
 Ldbeo, blobberlipped. One 
 whose {labia) lips are bigger 
 than usual. So Capito from 
 Capitis. 
 
 Labes, a great downfal or 
 sinking of the ground as in 
 earthquakes. Any great ruin, 
 destruction, damage. So a pes- 
 tilence. From labor, to fall ; 
 as Caedo, Caedes. That is, lap- 
 sus, casus. Virgil : " Stellas 
 praecipites ccelo labi" Also, a 
 blemish, spot, blot. Forcellini 
 defines labes " casus, ruina, vi- 
 tium quodiibet quo res de suo 
 statu labitur, deformatur- 
 QUe et corrumpitur." Some 
 explain labes in the latter sense 
 of a spot or stain which (labitur) 
 falls on a garment. 
 
 Labium, a lip. Fr. Aa/3sa> or 
 Aa/3i5, to take hold of. As we 
 take hold of food, of a glass, &c. 
 with the lips. 1 
 
 Ldbo, I totter, am ready to 
 fall ; I waver, hesitate. Soft 
 for blabo fr. fiXafica fut. 2. of 
 
 pXanTco, to maim or hurt a per- 
 son's feet so that he cannot go 
 on, to make to err, to trip. 
 Homer: Alois ph o\i<rQe Qboqv, 
 fiXafysv yap 'AQyjvyi. B dropt, as 
 T in Latus from TXaros. «[[ Al. 
 from crtpaXca, fut. of <r<paXXa), I 
 rendering tottering or unsteady. 
 Hence phalo, (as 2<paXXc/j, Fal- 
 lo,) transp. lapho, (as Mop$a, 
 Forma,) and labo, as cL[A<Poo f 
 amBo. 
 
 Labor, I faulter, err ; 1 fall, 
 fall down ; glide, as a stream, 
 i. e. fall down the channel. Ap- 
 parently of the same origin as 
 labo. 2 
 
 Labor, toil, labor. Fr. Xa- 
 jSe'co, Aaj3«3, to undertake. As 
 Xenophon uses kaix.fia.vuv spyov, 
 suscipere opus, ^f Al. from 
 labo. Quo membra et genua 
 labant. Or rather it means 
 properly that tiredness and fa- 
 tigue incident on constant slip- 
 ping or tripping. 
 
 Ldbos, the same as labor. 
 As Arbos, Arbor. 
 
 Labosus, laborious. Fr. labos* 
 
 Labrum, a lip. See Labium. 
 Hence the extremity, edge, or 
 brink of anything. Also, any 
 large open vessel. "Diductas 
 habens oras ; et in exteriorem 
 partem, in modum labrorum, 
 repandas." F. Others suppose it 
 in this sense to be put for lava- 
 brum, a bathing-tub, fr. lavo. 
 
 Labrusca : See Appendix. 
 
 Laburnum : See Appendix. 
 
 Ldbyrinthus, a labyrinth. 
 AafiupivQos- 
 
 Quayle notices Celt, libar. 
 
 Germ, lauffen is to flow. 
 
216 
 
 LAC 
 
 LAC 
 
 Lac, lactis, milk. Lactis 
 is contracted from yaAaxror. 
 
 Lacca, 
 
 Ldcer, torn, rent, lacerated ; 
 maimed, mangled. Fr. Xotxig, 
 a rent; or Aaxsw, Xuxvo, I rend. 
 
 Ldcerna: See Appendix. 
 
 Lacero, I tear. Fr. lacer, 
 lacera. 
 
 Ldcerta, Ldcertus : See Ap- 
 pendix. 
 
 Lacertosus, brawny, sinewy, 
 musculous. Fr. lacertus, the 
 sinewy part of the arm. Ci- 
 cero : " O lacertorum tori." 
 
 Lacertus, 
 
 Ldcesso, I rouse, stimulate, 
 invite, challenge, provoke, irri- 
 tate ; I importune, i. e. provoke 
 by my importunity. Fr. lacio, 
 as Facio, Facesso ; Capio, Ca- 
 pesso. Lacio seems here to be 
 from Xuxioo i. e. Xaxla-co fut. of 
 Aax/£a>, to rend, and hence tor- 
 ment, harass, like " lacero." 
 Lacio is here however usually 
 taken in its common sense, I 
 attract, allure, invite, &c. % Al. 
 from lacero. 
 
 Ldchatnzo, I am soft, weak 
 or faint. That is, Aa;^av/£a>, from 
 Xa^avov. <f Quid enim oleiie 
 mollius et languidius V asks a 
 Delphin Editor. 
 
 Lachamtm, eatable herbs. 
 Auyjxvov. 
 
 Lachcsis, one of the Fates. 
 Aotyzvig. 
 
 Ldcinia, the lappel, flap, or 
 fringe of a garment. Also, the 
 border or hem of a garment. 
 Apuleius often uses it for the 
 whole garment. " Proprie de 
 fimbriis seu segmentis quae 
 ad oram vestis assuuntur, et 
 
 alterum ab altero divisa pen- 
 dent. A Xuxig, scissura." F. 
 Or fr. Xuxig, whence latino and 
 lancino. Pliny has : " Porrum 
 et allium ferunt in laciniis col- 
 ligatum." From which Forcel- 
 lini concludes "resectam et 
 separatam particulam laci- 
 niam dici posse." 
 
 Ldciniosus, full of (lacinice) 
 borders, plaits, or folds ; crum- 
 pled, jagged. Also, impeded ; 
 properly applied to persons im- 
 peded in their walk by the flaps 
 and folds of their garments. 
 
 Lacio, (whence Elicio, Alii- 
 cio f &c.) I draw, attract, allure, 
 invite. Lucretius : " Quae la- 
 cere in fraudem possent." FY. 
 sXxoo or lAxuco, transp. Xexoo, and 
 Xsxvoo, whence lecio, (as from 
 'APnaoo is RApio,) then lacio, 
 as mAneo from pEvw or pEvsco. 
 ^[ Al. from Xuxiw fut. of Aax&o 
 which Hesychius explains (inter 
 alia) Qcwxevoo, to flatter, wheedle. 
 But the sense of wheedling is 
 derived from that of drawing, ^f 
 «« From Hebr. LKH, to al- 
 lure." V. " Germ, locken, 
 Belg. locken and lacken are to 
 allure." W. 
 
 Lacryma, Lacrima, a tear. 
 Soft for dacryma, fr. duxpvpct, a 
 weeping. 
 
 Lactdria, spurge or milk- 
 weed. Fr. lac, lactis. From 
 its milky juice. 
 
 Lacteolus, white as milk. Fr. 
 lac, lactis. 
 
 Lactes, the small guts, chitter- 
 lings. Fr. lac, lactis. " From their 
 milky color. Or because they are 
 as sweet as milk. Or because in 
 them the food turns into a milky 
 
LAC 
 
 LMV 
 
 217 
 
 moisture." Thus Forcellini, 
 who had just before explained 
 them " tenuiora intestina in 
 animalibus, lacieo pingui ob- 
 ducta, mollia." Priscian says 
 they are called in Greek ya\ax- 
 t/Ss£ fr. yu,\ct, yxkaxro§. 
 
 Lacto, I give milk ; I suck 
 milk. Fr. lac, lactis. 
 
 Lacto, 1 allure, wheedle. Fr. 
 lacio, lacitum, lactam. Com- 
 pare Delecto. 
 
 Lactuca, a lettuce. Fr. lac, 
 lactis. " From the milky juice 
 which exudes upon its being 
 wounded." Tt. 1 So Caduca. 
 
 Lacuna, a ditch, pool ; also, 
 any small chasm, cavity or hole : 
 also, a want or defect, from the 
 notion of a chasm or vacuum. 
 Fr. lacus, or Gr. Xtxxo; whence 
 lacus. 
 
 Lacunar, the empty space 
 left in ceilings between the dif- 
 ferent beams to be ornamented ; 
 a carved or fretted ceiling. 
 From the (lacuncs) chasms be- 
 tween the beams. 
 
 Lacuno, I fret or frit, varie- 
 gate with (lacunis) hollows. 
 
 Lacus, a lake, meer, cistern, 
 font, receptacle of waters ; any 
 receptacle, as a vat into which 
 the wine runs after it is pressed, 
 an oil-cooler, a corn-bin, &c. 
 Also, the same as Lacunar. Fr. 
 kuxos and Xaxxo$, translated by 
 Donnegan " a hollow, pit or 
 cistern where water is contained ; 
 a tank ; a pit for containing oil, 
 
 1 Wachter derives lactuca from Germ. 
 latlich, lettuce ; and this fr. letten, to let, 
 hinder : " Quia refrigeratrix est, et Ve- 
 neri maxime adversa, ut Plinius docet." 
 
 Etym. 
 
 grain, pulse, &c." Some refer 
 to Aax»$, " fissura," which is 
 perhaps allied to A«xo$. z " Lache, 
 (Germ.), Welsh llwch, Engl. 
 lake. Lache is also an incision, 
 a gap caused by incision." W. 
 
 Lcedo, I hurt, harm. Fr. 
 XaVSw Doric of PojV&w, fut. 2. of 
 Xyi'^oo, I devastate, ravage, 
 whence A.rjȣ, AyjVSo^, Dor. Xccl$, 
 Aa»£o£, prey, booty. 3 
 
 Lcena, an upper robe or man- 
 tle. For chlcena fr. ^Xaiva. 
 
 Lczta, public grounds. Auiroi 
 and Aaira. 
 
 Lafitia, joy. Fr. lcetus. As 
 Moestus, Mcestitia. 
 
 Lcetus, joyful, mirthful, cheer- 
 ful. For dcetus (as Licet for 
 Dicet) fr. $oug, daiTo;, a feast, 
 entertainment. From the festi- 
 vity and mirth of banquets. 
 Barnes translates svdsmvoi \ourzg 
 in Euripides " l^ta convivia." 
 ^f Al. from yeXuia), (considered 
 the same as ysAacy,) to laugh ; 
 pf. ysysXcuToa, yektziTui, whence 
 lcetus, as Lactis from r<x\ctxTo$. 
 ^[ Al. from Xaioo, (considered 
 the same as Xaco and Xotvoo), to 
 enjoy ; pf. XeXuiTut. % Al. from 
 the North. Germ, gelcechter, 
 Anglo-Sax. hleahtor, is laughter. 
 Anglo- Sax. glad* is glad. 
 
 Ltevis : See Levis. 
 
 Lcevus, left, on the left. Fr. 
 Kouls, Xat Vo$, as oi$ 9 oVis. " And 
 
 2 AdKos however may be referred to 
 AeAa/ca pf. of Aaw, I receive. 
 
 3 A!, from S^Ae'w, transp. AajSew, Atj8<2, 
 I plunder, lay waste, injure. But why 
 J£ in Icedo ? f Al. from AoiStjv fr. Kola, 
 I hurt; whence \oifj.bs, \oiybs, KoiSopos. 
 But we should thus have had iCEdo, 
 
 4 Wachter in Glat. 
 
 2 E 
 
21! 
 
 LAG- 
 
 LAN 
 
 because the left hand is slower 
 and duller in action than the 
 right, lavus is slow, foolish, 
 silly, infatuated." F. Lavus 
 is used, in reference to omens, 
 in the opposite senses of pros- 
 perous and adverse; for which 
 various reasons have been as- 
 signed. 
 
 Ldganum, a thin cake made 
 of fine flour, oil, &c. Auyavov. 
 
 Lagena, Laguna, a flagon, 
 flask. Aayvivo;, \ayvvo$, 
 
 Lagtos : See Appendix. 
 
 Lagois, a sea hare, a kind of 
 fish. Aayuii$. 
 
 Lagopus, a bird called the 
 white partridge. Atxyoonovg. 
 
 La'icus, belonging to the laity. 
 Auitcog. 
 
 LaUsio, the foal of a wild 
 ass. Pliny seems to suppose it 
 an African word : " Pullis eo- 
 rum Africa gloriatur quos lali- 
 siones appellant." * 
 
 Lallo, I sing lalla or lullaby 
 as a nurse to a child. " From 
 the easy pronunciation of L by 
 children." F. Or from the 
 sound lal lal. The Germ, lal- 
 len is translated by Wachter 
 " corrupte et impedite loqui, ut 
 solent pueri." AaXw is to prat- 
 tle or talk. 
 
 Lama, a slough, bog, ditch. 
 Fr. aAao/xa», £ err, I stumble ; 
 pp. yj\yi[j.ui, Dor. aAdjtx.ai, whence 
 
 1 " Martial says : Cum tener est onager 
 solaque lalisio matre Pascitur, hoc in- 
 fans, sed breve nomen habet. Hence, 
 since &\a\os corresponds to infans, 
 whence a\a\ifa, infans sum, from a\a- 
 Aifiwy might come (by dropping A, as 
 Rura from"Apoupa,) latisio." V. 
 
 lama, as Rura from "Apovpoi. 
 Or from olXypa, Dor. olxdfiot, a 
 wandering, ^f Al. from Ae7p,«£, 
 a moist meadow ; whence Avj'j- 
 /*«£, Dor. Xup,oL%. ^[ Al. from 
 A>jjXjU.«, Dor. Aa//,jxa, from A^/3a>, 
 to intercept, seize, *|J Al. from 
 Aafwj, a large cavity : u vorago 
 viarum," says A ins worth. 
 
 Lambero, 
 
 Lambo, I lick. For labo (as 
 Cumbo for Cubo) fr. Aa/3w fut. 
 2. of AaTTTW, I lap up. % AL 
 for Xafieco, XctjZw, I take, specially 
 with my lip, which is hence 
 called Labium, f The old 
 Germ, was labben, allied to our 
 word To lap. 
 
 Lamella, a thin (lamina) 
 plate of metal. For lami- 
 nella. 
 
 Lamentum, a lamentation. 
 Fr. lacrymor, 1 weep, lament, 
 whence lacrymametitum, (as 
 from Atro is Atramentum,) and 
 by contraction lacrymentum, 
 lamentum* % Al. from xXotvpct, 
 a weeping ; whence clamen, la- 
 men, lamentum. As Momen 
 and Momentum. 
 
 Lamia, a sorceress. Aw 
 
 Lamina, a plate of metal, 
 &c. Fr. YjXocpsvr), driven or 
 beaten out. Plutarch has As7r- 
 tw£ sXYiXctpevov <ri%Yipov. 
 
 Lampas, a torch; a fiery 
 meteor. AoL\hi:kq, 
 
 Lamyrus, a sea-lizard. For- 
 cellini quotes Gr. Xapvgos as 
 synonymous. 
 
 Lana, wool ; down. Fr. A>j- 
 voc, Dor. Xoivos. 
 
 Lancea, a lance, spear. 
 " Lanze Germ., lancf Armor., 
 
LAN' 
 
 LAP 
 
 219 
 
 langa Irish, lance French, Gr. 
 Aoy%>j, Lat. lancea" W. T 
 
 Lancino, I tear, mangle. Fr. 
 Xccxiw fut. of A«x/£«>; whence 
 /««o, latino, lancino, as N is 
 added in Frango, Pango. ^f Al. 
 from lancea. 7, 
 
 Langueo, I droop, faint, lan- 
 guish. Fr. Xayysvco or Xayysw, 
 I am remiss, am timid or indo- 
 lent. If Or fr. Avjycy, Dor. Aa- 
 yoo, 1 cease, leave off; whence 
 lageo, langeo, as N is added in 
 Pango, Frango. 
 
 Ldnio, I tear or cut in pieces. 
 From Celt, llain, a sword. See 
 Lanista. ^f Al. from Xuvo$, wool, 
 whence Xotvtfa, (fut. Xuv'ktw, Aa- 
 viw,) to divide wool, and thence 
 to divide generally. But A 
 should thus be Jong.? 
 
 Lanista, a trainer of gladia- 
 
 1 Wachter: "A word left by the 
 Celts, and thence transferred to other 
 languages.] Varro says that it is not 
 a Latin but a Spanish word. He says 
 ' Spanish,' because it was used by the 
 Celtiberians. The thing and its name 
 were known of old not only to the Spanish 
 Celts, but to the Gallic, British, and 
 German Celts. The Armories preserve 
 its root in langa, to dart, the French in 
 lancer, and the Spanish in lanza." How- 
 ever, these last verbs might have been 
 formed from the substantives, as Jaculor 
 from Jaculum. As Xolw formerly existed 
 (as is asserted by Blomfield, and as is 
 manifest from Xovyhs, Xoifxbs, &c.) in the 
 sense of hurting or destroying, I imagine 
 that \6o) (which is the same in fact as 
 X&Q>,) produced Xoiw, and that XeXoKa 
 perfect of X6(a produced x6kv, X6yn7j, Xo- 
 7x77. If so, the Greek word is the root 
 of all the rest. A change was made 
 somewhere. Why should the Greeks 
 have put O for A, any more than the 
 Celts should have put A for ? 
 
 2 " Al. from lanx, lands. As first 
 signifying to divide or distribute, then to 
 tear in pieces." F. 
 
 3 Haigh refers lanio to lanius ; and 
 this to " \divos, (Xautos,) stony, cruel." 
 
 tors. " From Celt, llain, a 
 sword, so as to mean ' prrefectus 
 gladiatorum ;' and not a lani- 
 ando, as they commonly and 
 foolishly say." W. It is pro- 
 nounced to be a Tuscan word 
 by Isidorus. 
 
 Latiius, a butcher. Quod 
 concidit laniatque pecudes. 
 
 Lanugo, the soft wool or 
 gossamer on fruits, leaves, he ; 
 the down on the face ; the down 
 on young birds. Fr. lana. So 
 Salstis, Salsugo. 
 
 Lanx, lands, a broad plate, 
 platter. Hence lances are the 
 scales of a balance. As rtxXccv- 
 tov, a scale, is from tst/xXuvtcu 
 pf. pass, of a verb ruXotlvco, 
 same as raXocoo, to support ; so 
 from TSTotXayxot, pf. act. of tol- 
 Xaivoo, might be a word T«Aay£, 
 raXayxoc, which might have 
 been shortened to lanx, lands, 
 as Lactis from FuXolktcs, Laxo 
 from XuXoL%ch. ^f Al. from AeA- 
 uy-Kat. pf. of a verb Xaivca 4 formed 
 fr. Aaco, (as raXalvoi above from 
 tuXuoo, fZulvco from /3aa>,) whence 
 Aa/3w, to take, or to hold, con- 
 lain, ^f Al. from Germ, plank, 
 a plank or thick strong board. 
 P dropped, as in Latus from 
 IlAoirug. 
 
 Lapathum, Lapathus, a kind 
 of sorrel. AamaAov. 
 
 Lapillus, a little stone. For 
 lapidiUus h\ lapis, lapidis. 
 
 4 These supposed words are not to be 
 rejected with disdain. From Acta» seems 
 to have come a verb Kaipw, (as from if/aw 
 is i^/aipca,) from whose perfect XiXaptia. 
 seems to have flowed Xapnos, a basket. 
 From the same verb Kaipai, or \dpvvf.u, 
 seems also to have come Aapvai;, a coffer, 
 box. 
 
220 
 
 LAP- 
 
 LAS 
 
 Lapio, I petrify. That is, 
 I make into a (lapis) stone. 
 
 Lapis, a stone. Fr. Aaaj, 
 whence lais, lapis. So from 
 lode, 8st«5 is daPis. V is com- 
 monly inserted, which is allied 
 to B, PH, and P. 
 
 Lappa, a bur, a kind of this- 
 tle. For labha fr. A«/3s», Aa/3«3, 
 to lay hold of. " From its seiz- 
 ing the garments of passengers/' 
 Tt. Actfioo, lahiva, (as Cado, 
 Cadiva,) labva, labba, lappa. 
 
 Lapsdna, a kind of colewort. 
 AwfyavYi, Xa^avYj. 
 
 Lapsus, a slipping, trip. Fr. 
 labor, labsum, lapsum. 
 
 Ldquear, the roof of a house 
 or chamber, fretted into raised 
 work. For lacuar of the 
 same origin as lacunar, which 
 see. 
 
 Laqneus, a noose, halter, 
 snare, trap. Also, a fraud, arti- 
 fice. Fr. Kvyocjo, to bind, tie. T 
 into A, as cAnis from xTvog ; 
 and rinto QU, as loQUor from 
 XoTog. % Al. for laceus from 
 lacio, to draw, used like Adduco, 
 to draw tight. Or lacio is to 
 allure, and so ensnare, irretio. 
 ^1 Tooke : " Laqueus is the past 
 participle lace or lacg of the 
 Anglo- Sax. ItBccean, latcgan, to 
 seize." Wachter refers to Germ. 
 lagen and Gr. Ao^av, to lay 
 snares. Vossius to Hebr. lakah 
 or laquah, to take. - 
 
 Lar, Ldris : See Appendix. 
 Lardum, bacon. For lari- 
 dum. 
 
 Largior, 1 grant (large) 
 largely, I lavish, give, grant, 
 permit. 
 
 Largus, large, extensive, copi- 
 
 ous. Fr. Aaco, whence Kcclpca, 1 to 
 take, hold ; pf. AeAapxa, whence 
 a word Xupxhg, larcus and lar-' 
 gus, like Capax from Capio. 
 So from Koc'jo, \ciua>, was Kctupog, 
 capax. % Al. from "kavpoc, 
 whence lauricus, (as Tetrus, 
 Tetricus ; Unus, Unicus,) laur- 
 cus, larcus, largus. If Al. from 
 X&spyog, of much effect or avail. 
 
 Ldridum, 
 
 Ldrix, the larch-tree. Aapi%. 
 
 Larva: See Appendix. 
 
 Ldsdnum, a chamberpot. 
 
 AtX<TtXVOV. 
 
 Lascivus, frolicksome, frisky, 
 wanton, petulant, lascivious. 
 For lacessivus fr. lacesso. As 
 Cado, Cadivus, Hence lacsivus, 
 lascivus. " Quia sine ulla cau- 
 sa lacessere alios solet." F. z 
 
 Laser, the juice of the herb 
 laserpitium, or which it appears 
 to be a contraction. 
 
 Laserpitium, laserwort or 
 mastervvort. From lac and sir- 
 pe, whence lac-si rpicum, lac- 
 sirpitium and by corruption la- 
 serpitium. 
 
 Lassus, weary, tired. Fr. 
 lacio, (See Lacesso,) to torment, 
 harass, " cut up." From lacio, 
 lacsi, lacsum is lassum (as Pa- 
 tior, Passum) and lassus. 3 ^f Al. 
 from xs^uXao-aoti, (^aAa<r<raj,) 
 pp. of ^«Aaco, to relax, make 
 languid. Xu dropt, as in Laxo 
 
 ' Like tydco, tyaipw. Aaipa certainly 
 existed, and produced Aapicos, Aapva\> 
 Xapvy£. 
 
 2 Haigh : " Fr. Ae(rx<«0S, Keo-xaiFos, 
 an idle prattler." 
 
 3 Vossius takes lacio in the sense of 
 elicio, and supposes lassus to be primarily 
 said of cows " eum diu nimis laciuntur." 
 
LAS- 
 
 LAT 
 
 221 
 
 from Xot\ct%w. ^f Al. for laxus 
 fr. laxo. As Assis was said for 
 Axis. 
 
 Lastaurus, effeminate, licen- 
 tious. Aucrruupog. 
 
 Lattbra, a hiding-place, den, 
 Sec. Fr. lateo. As Scateo, 
 Scatebra. 
 
 Lateo, I lie hid, lurk ; 1 lie 
 hid from the world, live a private 
 life. Hoc latet me, This es- 
 capes me, I am ignorant of it. 
 Fr. kaQsw, (whence Aa^rixoj), 
 same as Xrfivo, XavQavoo. Compare 
 puTeo from nuGco or nvGsoo. 
 
 Later, a brick or tile ; an in- 
 got of gold, being in its form. 
 Fr. nXctrus, flat ; or wide, broad : 
 as some derive it (k lata forma) 
 from its wide form, but wrongly, 
 *as A in latus (wide) is long. 
 II is dropped in later, as in 
 Latus (wide) which some refer 
 to IIkoLTv$. % Al. from itXuttcq, 
 to figure, form. 
 
 Laterculum, a register, note- 
 book. From its form which 
 was oblong like a (laterculus 
 coctilis) brick. 
 
 Later cuius, a biscuit shaped 
 like a {laterculus) brick. Fr. 
 later. 
 
 Lattrensis, a yeoman of the 
 guard. As staying (jk latere) 
 by the side of his Prince. 
 
 Laterna, a lantern. " Quia 
 in ea latet ignis." Though, as 
 Forcellini adds, A in lateo is 
 short. Some on the other hand 
 derive Lucerna from Luceo. 
 Or say that laterna is for lati- 
 terna, (laiterna,) from latito. 
 % Or laterna may be fr. XyjOcjo, 
 to lie hid, Dor. KoiOco. T for 
 TH, as in laTeo from KaQeoo. 
 
 Latex, spring-water, running- 
 water ; any water or liquor. 
 So latex Lyaeus is wine. Fr. 
 lateo* From its being concealed 
 within the veins of the earth. 
 ^f Or from Aa-raf, the remnant 
 of wine flung into a vessel or on 
 the ground in a game called the 
 xoTTotfiog ; or fr. KuTuyv), the 
 noise made by its fall. Lennep 
 translates Xctrafc, " strepitus li- 
 quoris delabentis." 
 
 Ldtibulum, a lurking-place. 
 Fr. lateo. 
 
 Latito, I lurk. Fr. lateo, 
 latitum. 
 
 Latrina, a private bath. For 
 lavatrina, as Tondeo, Tonsum, 
 Tonstrina. 
 
 Latrina, a privy. Fr. lateo, 
 latitum, whence latitrina, la- 
 trina. See Latrina above. 
 From its being in an obscure 
 or retired situation. So Schleus- 
 ner explains Sttystyoov *' la- 
 trina, cloaca, locus secretus 
 in quo homo ventrem exonerat." 
 The Greek uttotioitsco, to go 
 away from the path, is used for 
 going aside to evacuate the bow- 
 els. Scheide : e< Locus latendi, 
 quo abdunt se homines, quo 
 lumen conditur." 
 
 Latro, 1 I bark. From uAa- 
 XTYjp, vXaxTYjpog, (vXuxTpog, vXar- 
 rpoc), one that barks. U omit- 
 ted, as A is omitted in Rura, 
 Rarus, E in Lamina, Ruber, O 
 in Ramus, Denies. 4 
 
 1 "A in latro is very rarely shortened 
 by the Poets." F. 
 
 2 Al. from Xarpo^ui, explained by He- 
 sychius fiapfiaplfa, I speak in a barbarous 
 jargon-like manner. U ''A Karpevw, 
 
222 
 
 LAT- 
 
 LAU 
 
 Latro, orris, a soldier of the 
 Prince's body-guard. For la- 
 tero, fr. latus, lateris. From 
 guarding his side. % Or fr. 
 Xurpov, wages for service. 
 
 Latro, a marauder, one of a 
 banditti. Also, a highwayman. 
 Wachter: " Lotter, (Germ.) 
 latro. A Celtic word, which 
 derived its origin from lladd, 
 to kill. Hence latro" Quayle 
 mentions Celt, ladran. ^f Al. 
 from X&tqov, wages for service. 
 Festus says: " Quod a latere 
 adoriuntur. Vel quod latenter 
 insidiantur." Here Dacier re- 
 marks : u Frustra. Obsessores 
 viarum latrones dicti, quia id 
 milites conductitii factita- 
 bant, qui latrones proprie dicti 
 sunt." 
 
 Latro, a chessman. As being 
 a soldier on the chess-board. 
 
 Latrocinium, robbery. Also, 
 the game of chess. Fr. latro. 
 As Tiro, Tirocinium. 
 
 Latrunculus, a chessman. See 
 the last Latro. 
 
 Latus, borne, supported. 
 Soft for tlatm fr. tAtjtos, Dor. 
 tXo~to$, sustained. Euripides : 
 AovXslag rug ov rXaroig, Tag ov 
 QepTug. 1 
 
 Latus, broad, wide. Fr. 
 7r\ocTvg. But A in nXcirug is 
 short. % Or from latus, i. e. 
 dilatus. As svpv$ is broad fr. 
 epco, to draw, i. e., to draw out. 
 So rjvexris, Sojvex^, are " ex- 
 
 tended in breadth " from hexoo, 
 (whence yvsixa.,) to carry, ^f Or 
 from eXoLTog, driven out wide. 
 But here also A is short. 
 
 Latus, the side. Fr. n\uTo$, 
 breadth. So evpoL% is sideways, 
 fr. evpug, broad. See Latus, 
 " wide." *fi Al. from lateo. 
 " Quinjatet sub axillis." V. 
 
 Lavacrum, a bath. Fr. la- 
 vatum, as Sepulture, Sepulcrum. 
 
 Laudo, I praise. Fr. laus, 
 laudis. 
 
 Ldverna, a Goddess in whose 
 care robbers were thought to 
 be. For laherna fr. Xctfisco, Xot- 
 /3w, to seize. As Caverna, La- 
 terna, Lucerna. 5F Al. from 
 Aafpupcv, a spoil ; whence XaQv- 
 pivri, pertaining to spoils; whence 
 XotQvgw), laburna, as txp&oo, am- 
 Bo. ^f Al. from lavo, elavo, I 
 wash clean from a thing, strip a 
 man of his goods. As Lateo, 
 Laterna. 
 
 Ldvo, I wash, rinse. For 
 lao, (as oig, oVis,) for loo, fr. 
 Xovw, whence luo, diluo. Or 
 Xuco may have existed in this 
 sense, as Xoico, Xsou, Xica, Xoco, 
 Xvco, seem all 2 to have meant to 
 loosen or dissolve, whence the 
 meaning of to wash, i. e. to 
 loosen from dirt. 
 
 Laurus: See Appendix. 
 
 Laus, laudis, praise. Fr. 
 Xuo$, (laus, laus,) the people. 
 As given by the people, i. e. 
 popular applause. Or as ad- 
 
 faraulor. Quod canes faciunt latrando." 
 Ainsw. 
 
 1 Jones carries us to India : " The In- 
 dian root la, to bring, has produced lao, 
 latum, the adopted supine of Fero." 
 
 2 For fr. Aaw, is Aaas, a pebble, as 
 rubbed or dissolved by the sea ; fr. Ae'o> 
 is \e7os, smooth, i. e. rubbed ; fr. Afo> (a. 
 1. p. iXid-qv) is Ai0os, a stone : fr. \6co is 
 \ovco, to wash j and Avw is to dissolve 
 generally. 
 
LAU- 
 
 LEG 
 
 <M3 
 
 dressed to or spoken before the 
 people. As a Panegyric is from 
 IlavYiyvgis, an assembly of the 
 people, % Or from Kocco, Aauco, 
 to speak. As ^jjjw-vj, fame, from 
 <p<xoo, 7re<pYi(Acti, to speak. And Alvo$, 
 praise, is from Aho$, a discourse. 
 ^] ButTooke is vehement against 
 these derivations : " The Anglo- 
 Sax, loos or los is evidently the 
 past participle of hlisan, to ce- 
 lebrate. As laus also is. Of 
 which had the Latin Etymolo- 
 gists been aware, they never 
 would by such childish allusions 
 have endeavoured to derive it 
 from Aaoj, or Aaco, or from koiuoo, 
 1 enjoy J 9 ' 
 
 Lausus, a lamentation. Fr. 
 x\ctv<ri$. But the word is dis- 
 puted. 
 
 Lautia, presents to foreign 
 ambassadors. Fr. lautus, ele- 
 gant, sumptuous, ^f Al. for 
 dautia. Festus has : " Dautia, 
 quae lautia dicimus." Dautia for 
 dotia from a supposed word Iwtiol, 
 gifts. The change of AU to O 
 is common, but not vice versa. 
 AUrichalchum is however from 
 'Opsixcthxo;, and Aurea for Orea. 
 See Laurus. 
 
 Lautitia, elegance. Fr. lau- 
 tus, as Laetus, Lastitia. 
 
 Lautulce, hot baths. Fr. 
 lavo, lautum. 
 
 Lautumia, Latomice, stone- 
 quarries. Hence a gaol. Fr. 
 XctOToploti* and AaTOjxfai. 
 
 Lautus, washed, clean, dress- 
 
 1 Wachter (in Lauten) seems to refer 
 laus to k\4os. % Haigh ; " From 7Awttcc, 
 the tongue, discourse." 
 
 2 As Aaotfos, &c. 
 
 ed ; nice, neat, elegant, sump- 
 tuous ; nice, dainty, delicate. 
 The opulent Romans were wont 
 to bathe very frequently. Fr. 
 lavo, lavatus, lavtus, lautus, as 
 Aviceps, Avceps, Auceps. 
 
 Laxo, I loosen, relax ; I di- 
 late, expand ; I lengthen, pro- 
 long ; I loosen from toil, re- 
 fresh. Fr. p^aAaeo, I loosen ; 
 fut. %ot.\tx<roo, iEol. xaAa£«5, 
 whence laxo, as from JTaAaxros 
 is Lactis. ^f Al. from A>5£«>, 
 Dor. Aafco, fut. of Xyyca, 1 leave 
 off.* 
 
 Laxus, loose, &c. Fr. laxo. 
 
 Lea, a lioness. Fr. leo. 
 
 Leana, a lioness. Aeaiva. 
 
 Lebes, a kettle. Ae(3ris. 
 
 Lectica, a litter, sedan. Fr. 
 lectus, as Arnica from Amo. 
 
 Lecto, I read often. Fr. le- 
 go, legitum, legtum, ledum. 
 
 Lectus, a bed or couch. Fr. 
 AsAsxra* (whence Xsxrpov) pf. of 
 Xsyopcu, to lie down. % Al. 
 from Aexrgov. As some derive 
 Artus from* ApQpov. ^f Al. from 
 lego (i. e. colligo), lectum. <( A 
 collectis foliis ad cubitandum/' 
 says Festus. 
 
 Lecythus, an oil-cruet. Afav- 
 
 Legdtum, a legacy. Fr. lego, 
 atum a 
 
 Legatus, an ambassador ; a 
 deputy of the Emperor in war. 
 Fr. lego, atum, I depute. 
 
 Legi'o, a legion, body of sol- 
 diers. Varro : " Qu6d milites 
 in delectu leguntur" 
 
 Legitimus, lawful. Fr. lex, 
 legis. As Maris, Maritimus. 
 
 3 " The Welsh Uac is laxus." W. 
 
224 
 
 LEG- 
 
 LEM 
 
 Lego, avi, I send or depute 
 as an ambassador or as my de- 
 puty or lieutenant. Fr. Asya>, I 
 choose, select. But E in lego 
 is long. % Or fr. lex, legis. 
 Lego is properly said of those 
 who are publicly commissioned, 
 or commissioned (per legem) by 
 law. Ng^co is to establish 
 (vo/aw) by law. ^f U From Hebr. 
 LACH, he commissioned, 
 sent." V. ^f Or from Germ. 
 legen, explained by Wachter 
 " constituere, disponere, oidi- 
 nare." 
 
 Lego, I leave by will, be- 
 queath. Fr. lego, I send or 
 depute, and so 1 consign or in- 
 trust to. Plautus : u Quin po- 
 tius quod legatum est tibi nego- 
 tium, id curas r" % Or lego is, 
 1 give (per legem) by law. 
 
 Lego, is, I gather, cull, col- 
 lect. Asyco. Also, 1 follow, 
 trace, as in Lego vestigia. That 
 is, I pick them up as it were, or 
 I act like those who pick up 
 things from the ground in a 
 consecutive order. " Quasi in 
 modum e terra legentis quip- 
 piam." F. We say, somewhat 
 similarly perhaps, To pick one's 
 way. Also, I pass on by or in 
 a direction parallel to, as in 
 Lego oram. From the same 
 notion of tracing. So it means 
 to pass over, go through. Ovid : 
 u iEquoraque Afra legit" For- 
 cellini explains it here : " Ut 
 qui poma legunt, hue illuc dis- 
 currunt colligendi studio." Also, 
 I run over, read, peruse. That 
 is, lego or colligo literas et ver- 
 ba : I pick up letters and put 
 them together. Also, I read 
 
 commentaries aloud to scholars, 
 explain, illustrate. Also, I de- 
 scry, survey. Virgil : " Et tu- 
 mulum capit, unde omnes longo 
 ordine possit Adversos legere. 
 et venientum discere vultus." 
 That is, pick them out, single 
 them out. " Percurro oculis, 
 quasi qui scripta legit" 
 says Forcellini. Also, 1 steal. 
 " Quasi clam colligo" F. Also, 
 I choose, select, i. e. lego ex 
 aliis, seligo. It was the ofnee 
 of the Censors " legere Sena- 
 turn," to review the Senate, to 
 inspect the characters of the old 
 and to choose new members. 
 This sense follows from those 
 just preceding. Or lego is here 
 Aeyco, I count, reckon up. 
 
 Legula, aurium : See Ap- 
 pendix. 
 
 Leguleius, one acquainted 
 only with the little niceties of 
 law, a pettifogger. Fr. legula, 
 fr. lex, legis. 
 
 Ltgulus, a gatherer of grapes 
 or olives. Fr. lego. 
 
 Legumen, ail kinds of pulse, 
 as peas, beans, vetches, &c. 
 From lego. As being usually 
 gathered by the hand, and not 
 cut. Nicander : "Avsv Iqsituvoio 
 ksyovTui "0<rirpiet ^lgoitoc r «A- 
 Aa. 
 
 Leiostrea, a muscle with a 
 smooth shell. AeiotrTgeov. 
 
 Lema, a white humor in the 
 eye. Afar). 
 
 Lembus, a pinnace, skiff. 
 Aspfios. 
 
 Lemma, atis, a subject, ar- 
 gument, title ; a proposition. 
 Ar\piLct. 
 
 Lemniscus, a fillet or ribband, 
 
LEM- 
 
 LEP 
 
 2<25 
 
 a silken string ; a roll of lint 
 put into wounds. Ayipvlirxog. 
 
 Lemures : See Appendix. 
 
 Lena, a procuress, Fr. leno. 
 As Lea from Leo. 
 
 Lenis, a kind of vessel. Fr. 
 Xyjvos, a wine-vat. 
 
 Lenis, smooth, soft ; gentle, 
 mild. Fr. As7o$, for lets. So 
 saNus fr. crao$. % Or from 
 A>jvo$, wool. From its softness. 
 
 Leno, a pimp, pander. Fr. 
 lenio. Priscian : " Qu6d men- 
 tes deliyiendo seducit." Cicero : 
 " Animum adolescentis pellexit 
 iis omnibus rebus, quibus ilia 
 aetas capi ac deliniri potest." 
 
 Lenocinium, the trade or art 
 of a pimp ; enticement. Fr. 
 leno. As Tiro, Tirocinium. 
 
 Lens, lendis, 
 
 Lens, lentis, a lentile. " A 
 leniore. From their glutinous 
 quality." Tt. " Quod humida 
 et lenta sit/' says Isidorus. 1 
 
 Lenticula, a small lentil. Fr. 
 lens, lentis. Also, the same as 
 Lentigo. Also, some vessel. 
 Celsus : " In vasa fictilia (quas 
 a similitudine lenticulas vocant) 
 aqua conjicitur." 
 
 Lentigo, a freckly or scurfy 
 eruption on the skin, freckle, 
 pimple. Fr. lens, lentis. From 
 its likeness to lentile seed. So 
 <p«>co£ is both a lentile and a 
 freckle. 
 
 Lentiscus, the mastich-tree or 
 lentisck. (< From lentesco, to 
 become clammy. So called 
 
 1 " Pliny says : ' Tnvenio apud auc- 
 tores, aequanimitatem fieri lente vescenti- 
 bus.' Hence some derive lens from lenis 
 or lentus." F. 
 
 Etym. 
 
 from the gumminess of its 
 iuice." Tt. " Quod arbor fail* 
 tescat, dum resinam i. e. masti- 
 chen fuudit." F. 
 
 Lento, I bend, ply. Hence 
 lento remos, I ply the oars, I 
 row. " Impulsu enim remi 
 flectuntur." F. Lento is fr. 
 lentus, pliant. 
 
 Lentus, soft, pliant, flexible, 
 limber; of a soft or mild tem- 
 per, placid, calm, unruffled ; 
 and hence, heedless, careless, 
 reckless ; as also, apathetic, un- 
 moved, cold, dull, heavy, slow. 
 Cicero : " Lentus in dicendo, 
 et paene frigidus." Lentus is 
 also, clammy, sticky, tenacious, 
 which senses seem the reverse 
 of soft and flexible. It seems 
 properly here to mean, dull or 
 slow in being moved, heavy and 
 thick, immoveable. Lentus is 
 for lenitus fr. lenio, I soften. 
 
 Lenunculus, a young leno. 
 Also, a skiff. Fr. lenis, the 
 same. 
 
 Leo, a lion. Asoov. 
 
 Leo, levi, I anoint, smear, 
 daub ; I bernire. Fr. teioca, 
 Ksioo, I smooth, render smooth. 
 " Quia unguento aliquid leviga- 
 tur, factum est ut leo significant 
 UNGo." V. So Linio, says 
 Jones, e< is fr. Xsioclvoo, i. e. to 
 soften by ointment." Hesy- 
 chius : AeiulvsTctr tewvrcii, e£a- 
 Ae /<$>5rai. 
 
 Leopardus, a leopard. Fr. 
 XeonoipdctXis. Or fr. leo and par- 
 dus. 
 
 Lepas, a shell-fish. Aznus. 
 
 Lepidus, smart, witty, plea- 
 sant, gay. Fr. lepor. As Ni- 
 tor, Nitidus. 
 
 2 F 
 
226 
 
 LEF< 
 
 LEV 
 
 Lepista or Lepasta, a drink- 
 ing cup shaped like a limpet- 
 shell. Ae7roKTTr). 
 
 Lepor, Lepos, wit, humor ; 
 elegance, grace. Fr. \st:\$, a 
 scale or thin flake. Donatus : 
 i( Quia lepidus homo, quasi la- 
 mina, politus est." * 
 
 Lepra, the leprosy. Ampa. 
 
 Ltpus, lepor is, a hare. Fr. 
 Xenopis, an iEolian and Sicilian 
 word. ^f Al. from levipes, 
 (lepes,) light-footed. <J Al. from 
 Anglo-Sax. hleapan, to leap. 
 " Verel. in Ind. : leipa, hleipa, 
 to run." W. 
 
 Lessus : See Appendix. 
 
 Lethceus, pertaining to Lethe. 
 Arfouoc. 
 
 Lethargus, a lethargy. A^- 
 Qupyog. 
 
 Leto, I put to death. Do 
 leto. 
 
 Letum, Lethum, death. Fr. 
 Avjfl*), oblivion, which death in- 
 duces. " To die in oblivion," 
 is an expression of Shakspeare. 
 If Al. from letum supine of leo, 
 taken in the sense of deleo. 
 " Quia mors aufert ac delet om- 
 nia," says Priscian. See Litura. 
 
 Leuca, Leuga, a league, a 
 measure used by the Gauls. 
 Camden : " From Welsh lech, 
 a stone which was used to be 
 erected at the end of every 
 league." 
 
 Leucaspis, armed with white 
 shields. Asvx.ot<r7r($. 
 
 Leuconicum, flocks of wool 
 used in stuffing bedticks. From 
 
 1 Martini derives lepos from Ae?oj/ eiros, 
 " politum verbum." 
 
 the Leucones, a people of 
 Gaul. 
 
 Leucoribtus, the south-west 
 wind. AevxovoTog. 
 
 Leucoph&atus, of a gray or 
 russet color. Fr. leucophaus, 
 \evx.6$otio$. 
 
 Leucophryna, an epithet of 
 Diana among the Magnesians. 
 Fr. \svxb$, white, oQgvs, an eye- 
 brow. 
 
 Leucocrota : See Appendix. 
 
 Levidensis vestis, says Isido- 
 rus, "dicta quod raro f filo sit 
 leviterque deiisata" Cicero has 
 " munusculum levidense, crasso 
 filo." That is, " parum elabo- 
 ration atque expolitum," as 
 Forcellini explains it. 
 
 Levigo, 1 smooth, polish. 
 Fr. levis. So Mitis, Mitigo. 
 
 Levir, a man's wife's brother, 
 or a woman's husband's brother. 
 For devir, as Varro says it was 
 anciently written, and this from 
 Sotrjp, IolVy^o. D into L, as La- 
 cryma for Dacryma, &c. 
 
 Levis, light. Fr. Xe7ri$ t peel, 
 rind, husk. Horace : " Tu le- 
 vior cortice." Vice versa, 
 the Latins said, as some think, 
 oPilio for oVilio. 
 
 Levis, Lavis, smooth, po- 
 lished, soft, &c. Fr. \eio$, Ae» Vo$. 
 
 Levltes, a Deacon in the 
 Christian Church, the same in 
 rank as a Levite among the 
 Jews, 
 
 Levo, I lighten, relieve. Fr. 
 levis. Also, I lift or raise up, 
 I raise, take away. That is, J 
 make light by taking away. Or 
 it is taken from the easiness of 
 raising and removing what is 
 light. ** Quae levia sunt, sur- 
 
LEX 
 
 LIB 
 
 227 
 
 sum feruntur," is the explana- 
 tion of Ainsworth. 
 
 Lex, legis, a law. Anglo- 
 Sax, lah, laga, lauge, Iceland. 
 lag, lattg, log; Germ, lage. 1 
 H It is no other," says Tooke, 
 " than our ancestors' past par- 
 ticiple lag of lecgan, ponere : 
 and it means something laid 
 down as a rule of conduct." 
 Virgil has "ponere mores." 
 And the Greeks said tMso-Qou 
 vopovs» te In the mean time," 
 adds Tooke, " the reader may, 
 if he pleases, trifle with Vossius ; 
 who refers it to lego, because 
 laws were read to the people, 
 when they were being passed ; 
 who says that others refer it to 
 lego, because laws were meant 
 
 1 " Cuncta a legen, ponere, statuere, 
 constituere. Quid enim est Lex, nisi 
 statutum vel constitutio, sive ipsius Dei 
 et naturae, sive populi seipsum obligantis, 
 sive principis populura moderantis ? Ex 
 eodem fonte si censeamus Latinam vocem 
 (lex) promanasse, nee a sensu vocis, nee 
 a temporis ratione aberrabimus, cum Scy- 
 thica vocabula Latinis longe vetustiora 
 sint, et linguam. Latinam multis acces- 
 sibus auxerint. Errabimus autem a veri- 
 tate, si antiquissimam Saxonum linguam, 
 et Germanise indigenam, majorem voca- 
 bulorum suorum partem a nepotibus Ro- 
 muli accepisse existimemus. Quae sen- 
 tentia, etiamsi multos habeat fautores, me- 
 rito erroris damnata est a peritioribus. 
 Vulgo lex a legendo derivatur, quod leges 
 populo sint prcelectce ad observandum, 
 quasi ante literas inventas nullae fuissent 
 leges. Quod sane falsum. Nam. leges 
 scriptas ex consuetudine desumtae sunt. 
 Consuetudo autem est lex antiquior, et jus 
 moribus vel consensu publico institutum, 
 ac vetustate probatum, nee minus veri 
 nominis Lex, quam si Uteris prodita esset. 
 Hac Lege nunquam caruisse censendi sunt 
 Germani, quamvis adhuc literarum ex- 
 pertes, ob eximiam eorum Remp. a Cas- 
 sare etTacito tantoperelaudatam. Defec- 
 tum literarum supplere poterant praecones 
 et sacerdotes, vel etiam cantilenae." W. 
 
 to be read : &C." Ainsworth 
 refers it to Ai£<$, u dictio," as 
 ptosis, he says, was so applied. 
 And then adds : " Ad significa- 
 tionem legendi, colligendi referri 
 potest; cum indocile ac disper- 
 sum genus humanum leges in 
 civitatem pnmam legerunt, et 
 etiamnum conservant." After 
 all, as Edicts are from Edico, 
 Lex might flow from Ae'yw, Aefco, 
 " dico, edico," or from Ae£<;, 
 considered as signifying " edic- 
 tum." Compare the formation 
 of Rex. 
 
 Lexidium, a small or trifling 
 word. Aegfow. 
 
 Lexis, a word. Ae%i$. 
 
 Liaculum, a plane. Fr. lio. 
 Instrumentum liandi. So Pio, 
 Piaculum. 
 
 Libella, dimin. of libra. Like 
 Flagellum. 
 
 Libellus, a little book; a 
 chart, register, memorandum, 
 certificate, petition, charge in 
 writing against any one, satire, 
 libel. Fr. liber. 
 
 Libentina, Lubentina, Ve- 
 nus, the goddess (libentice and 
 lubentice) of pleasure. 
 
 Liber, Liberi, Bacchus. 
 " Quia liberum servitio cura- 
 rum animum asserit," says Se- 
 neca. As he is called in Greek 
 Auetlos from Avoo. ^f " Qudd vino 
 nimio usi omnia libere loquan- 
 tiir," says Festus. ^f Al. from 
 Ksi^cjo, to make a libation. Or 
 from Xo</3y), a libation. 
 
 Liber, free. For luber, as 
 we find Libet and Lubet, Li- 
 bens and Lubens. 2, Luber or lu- 
 
 2 We say in English List and Lust. 
 
228 
 
 LIB- 
 
 LIB 
 
 berus is fr. IXeuQspo;, Mo\. sksu- 
 <pego$, (as 6r t p, JEoYic <pY)p,) 
 whence lupherus, (as Lamina 
 from 'EXupsvot.,) then luberus, as 
 otjx0cjo, am Bo. So fr. eguBpog, 
 JEo\.spv<Ppo$ f isruBrusoi ruBer. 
 If Al. from licet, whence liciber, 
 liber, as Facio, Faciber, Faber. 
 Liber might have the I long, as 
 put for liiber. 
 
 Liber, a son. Properly, free- 
 born, in opposition to one born 
 a slave. 
 
 Liber, the inward bark or 
 rind of a tree. And, as the in- 
 ward bark of the palm and other 
 trees was used for writing on, 
 liber came to signify a book, 
 volume. For leber, (as nXExco, 
 pllco,) which Quintiiian states 
 was the ancient word ; and this 
 fr. Xsiro$, bark; iEo). keirop, 
 whence leber, as ollov, uBi. ^f 
 " From Hebr. leb." Tt. 
 
 Libera, Proserpine. The 
 sister (Liberi) of Bacchus. 
 
 Libcralis, befitting a {liberum 
 viruni) freeman or gentleman, 
 well-bred, gentlemanly, inge- 
 nuous, generous, liberal. 
 
 Liberi: See the third Liber. 
 Libtro, I free. Liberum 
 facio. 
 
 Llbertas, liberty. Fr. liber, 
 as Uber, Ubertas. 
 
 Libertinus, a freed man. Fr. 
 libertus, " Libertus is joined 
 with the patron, as libertus Ci- 
 ceronis, Citsaris, meus, &c. 
 Libertinus is put alone without 
 regard to the patron. In the 
 time of Claudius libertini were 
 put for the sons of liberti" F. 
 
 Libertus, a freed man. For 
 liber atus. 
 
 Libet, Lubet, it pleases, it is 
 agreeable. Fr. <pi\ew, I love or 
 like. ^jAst might answer to our 
 "it liketh me best," &c. 
 From $i\ei, transp. \vpei, is 
 liphet (as Decet from Am,) and 
 libet, as am Bo from ap<P(a. % 
 Or from a/tttw, to desire, fut. 2. 
 \i7rsa). If Al. from Germ, lieben, 
 to desire ; to love ; whence our 
 " I would as lieve" &c. «[f 
 " From Hebrew LB, [which 
 Wachter ■ writes lebh] the heart." 
 V. That is, cordi est. 
 
 Libethrides, the Muses as 
 inhabiting Libethra, a fountain 
 of Magnesia. 
 
 Libido, desire, inclination, 
 lust. Fr. libet. So Cupido. 
 
 Libit ma, Venus. Fr. libet, 
 libitum. That is, the Goddess 
 of pleasure and delight, or the 
 Goddess of desire. Whence 
 she is called also Libentina, 
 This derivation seems to suit 
 only her general character ; for 
 in the temple of " Venus Li- 
 bitina" such things were sold as 
 pertained to burials. Whence 
 Libitina is put for the sale of 
 funeral articles ; also for a bier, 
 and for death. "The most 
 ancient of the Romans," says 
 Forcellini, "thought that Libi- 
 tina was Venus. And Plutarch 
 has a problem why funeral ar- 
 ticles were sold in the temple of 
 Venus." As the Greeks called 
 the Furies Evpmhs, i. e. the 
 benign Deities, — and as perhaps 
 the Latins from the word Parco 
 called the Fates Parca?, — in order 
 
 1 Ad voc. Leben. 
 
LIB L1C 
 
 229 
 
 to propitiate them ; so we may 
 imagine that Venus, the God- 
 dess of funerals, was called Li- 
 bitina from libet, libitum, though 
 she was not at all in this charac- 
 ter the Goddess of pleasure. 
 
 Llbo, 1 pour out in sacrifice, 
 make a libation. Aslfiw, Hence, 
 I sacrifice : for no sacrifice took 
 place without a libatio. Also, 
 I consume, make less. Again : 
 before the priests poured the 
 wine out, they sipped or tasted 
 it themselves, and gave to those 
 about them to taste ; hence libo 
 is to sip or taste ; and hence to 
 touch gently ; to pass over slight- 
 ly ; and so to cull and extract. 
 
 Libra, a pound, twelve ounces. 
 From \iTpu, x iEol. A<Vpa, whence 
 lipra, libra. Also, a balance 
 or pair of scales, as properly 
 weighing a libra. On the other 
 hand tuKolvtov is thought to have 
 first meant a balance and then 
 a certain sum of money weighed 
 in it. Libra was also a weight 
 or plummet for ascertaining the 
 depth of the sea, of rivers, &c. 
 And the depth itself. 
 
 Librarius, a copyist, tran- 
 scriber, book-keeper; bookseller. 
 Fr. liber, libri. 
 
 Librile, the beam (libra;) of 
 a balance. 
 
 Libro, I weigh, balance, 
 poise; I weigh, ponder, examine. 
 Fr. libra. Also, I make level 
 or plane, i. e. ad libram exigo, 
 
 1 " Pollux says that Kir pa is used by 
 the old Greek writers : and Wetstein 
 quotes Eustathius on II. xxii. affirming 
 that it is found in Epicharmus, who flou- 
 rished in the 5th century before Christ." 
 Parkhurst. 
 
 I adjust by a plummet or rule. 
 Also, I throw, hurl, having first 
 poised the instrument. 
 
 Libs, Libis, the south wind. 
 Atyy Aifiog. 
 
 Libum, a kind of sweet cake. 
 Fr. libo. For particular use 
 was made of them in libations 
 or sacrifices, ^f Al. from Germ. 
 laib, bread ; Anglo-Sax, hlaf, 
 whence our loaf. % Donnegan 
 has "Xtfiov, a kind of cake." 
 
 Libuma, a light swift ship, a 
 pinnace. From their being used 
 by the Liburni, a people of Ulyria. 
 
 Liburnus, a sedan-carrier. 
 Madan : " The chairmen at 
 Rome commonly came from 
 Liburnia. They were remark- 
 ably tall and stout." 
 
 Licentia, licence, liberty. Fr. 
 licens, licentis, from licet. 
 
 Liceo, 1 am put up or ex- 
 posed for sale, have a price put 
 upon me, am valued. Adam : 
 " The buyer asked, Quanti licet? 
 sc. habere vel auferre. The 
 seller answered, Decern nummis 
 licet, or the like." So that, 
 according to Adctm, liceo stands 
 for licet mini : " Licet mini 
 vendi tanti." Forcellini says : 
 " A licet. Quia licet emere et 
 vendere qua? in auctione aesti- 
 mata sunt." ^f But perhaps liceo 
 is from dixy. As said of things 
 estimated Kara. 8/;ojv, i. e. xglt 
 afclav, according to their value. 
 L for A, as in Licet, &c. Or 
 liceo may be taken in the sense 
 of lUaiog elfu, 1 am justly en- 
 titled to or worthy of, i. e. such 
 a price. Or liceo is from bi- 
 xaio'co, hxoiicb, dic&o, I judge : in 
 a passive sense, I am judged. 
 
230 
 
 LIC- 
 
 LIG 
 
 Liceo is otherwise explained, 
 "aestimor tantum quantum licet." 
 
 Liceor: See Appendix. 
 
 Licet, it is just or right, it is 
 lawful or allowed. For dicet 
 fr. dUvj, justice, right. As La- 
 cryma from Auxgvpu, Levir for 
 Devir. 
 
 Licet, although. Perhaps 
 licet was anciently placed, as in 
 Cicero : " Fremant omnes, li- 
 cet ; dicam quod sentio." Let 
 them all make a noise ; it is 
 allowed them, they may do so 
 if they will ; but I will say what 
 I think. That is, Although 
 they do so, &c. Some however 
 understand Ut after licet in its 
 general use. 
 
 Lichen, a tetter. Aeixyv. 
 
 Liciatus, commenced. " Ut 
 tela inchoata dicitur, cum liciis 
 adjuncta sunt stamina, necdum 
 tamen texta subtemine." F. 
 
 Liciniana olea, an olive of a 
 capital kind, introduced or care- 
 fully cultivated by one Licinius. 
 
 Licinium, a roll of (licii) 
 thread to put in wounds. 
 
 Licit or, I bid a price. Fr. 
 liceor, licitus sum. Also, I con- 
 tend, fight. Properly, I bid 
 against another at an auction. 
 Festus : " Licitati, in mercando 
 sive pugnando contendentes." 
 
 Licium: See Appendix. 
 
 Lictor, a lictor or beadle. 
 Fr. ligo, whence ligator, ligtor, 
 lictor. Livy : " I lictor, deliga 
 ad palum." Again : u I lictor, 
 colliga man us." 
 
 Lien : See Appendix. 
 
 Lignum, wood. As £uAoj/, 
 wood, is fr. %vco, to scrape, 
 plane, polish, (whence also £u- 
 
 (ttov is the wooden part of a 
 spear, and £t^A>j is a chisel for 
 working in wood,) so lignum 
 (for licnum, as diGnum from 
 8/lfoj, and cyGnus from xvKvo$,) 
 seems to come from a word 
 Aocvov formed from AeAixa pf. of 
 Xico, (whence Xtcrrpov,) to plane, 
 polish. Lennep 1 explains xico, 
 " polio, rado." % Al. for leg- 
 numh.lego. Turton: " Because 
 its branches are gathered into 
 bundles for domestic uses." 
 And Varro explains it of timber 
 picked up or collected for fuel. 
 If Or is lignum short for ilignum, 
 i. e. oak timber ? If Or from a 
 word vkyyovov, (uAvjyvov,) pro- 
 duced in the woods . ? z 
 
 Ligo, I bind. Fr. Auyo'w, Au- 
 yco. So QpTyoo, frlgo. 
 
 Ligo, onis, a spade. Fr. 
 \icryo;, Xiyog. ^f Or fr. Kiycn 
 fut. 2. of Aj£«j, 3 considered the 
 same as A/w,pp. AeAicrraj, whence 
 Xio-Tpsvw, to dig. Indeed Xlcryog 
 (for xiyog) seems to be from the 
 same Aiyw. 4 
 
 Ligula, a little tongue. For 
 lingula fr. lingua. "In the 
 ancient MSS," says Forcellini, 
 Ct we find promiscuously ligula 
 and lingula." Also, the tongue 
 of a musical instrument. As 
 Gr. yKoiTTig. " A similitudine 
 lingua infra dentes coercitae." 
 F. Also, a shoe-latchet. " Pars 
 in calceis lingua exsertae instar 
 
 1 Ad voc. \ldos. 
 
 2 " A ligo. Ut ligna dicta sint £u\a Se- 
 Sefisva, non \e\vfj.eva." Isaac Voss. 
 
 3 «« Eustathius explains \ifev by cri* 
 S-fipcp j-eeii> ." V. 
 
 4 Al. from \iu>v, solvens ; whence lio, 
 UCo, (as ffirtos, speCus,) ligo. 
 
LIG- 
 
 LIM 
 
 231 
 
 fastigiata," says Festus. Others 
 refer it to ligo, 1 tie; but Mar- 
 tial has it lingula in this sense. 
 r\&<r<7a. is used for a shoe- 
 string. Hence ligula is a term 
 of contempt. Plautus : " Li- 
 gula, i in malam crucem : " 
 Thou that art of no more value 
 than a shoe-latchet. Ligula is 
 also a narrow neck of land. See 
 Lingua. Also a spatula. "Quia 
 habet figuram lingua ad pala- 
 tum retractae atque ita cavae." 
 F. Ligula is used in sundry 
 scientific senses from certain re- 
 semblances to the tongue. 
 
 Ligurio, Ligurrio, I lick up, 
 eat nicely, feed delicately. Fr. 
 ligo, lingo. As Scateo, Scatu- 
 rio. Or from Aei^co, ^ l X^t 
 whence a word Ar^ypo^, A^y- 
 pltp, same as Xiyyzuw, to lick. 
 *[ Al. fr. y\vxepbg, sweet. T 
 cast off, as Liquorice from .TAy- 
 xvppi^a. 1 
 
 Ligusticum, the herb lovage. 
 From Ligusticus, Aiyuarncbg, 
 appertaining to Liguria. As 
 abounding in the mountains of 
 Liguria. 
 
 Ligustrum, some herb sup- 
 posed to be the privet. It 
 seems to be also another herb 
 called withwind or bindweed. 
 " Fr. ligo. From its use in 
 making bands," says Turton. 
 The English term u bindweed" 
 seems to confirm the derivation 
 from ligo» Or, since Ayyi'£a> is 
 the same as ligo, from pp. AeAy- 
 
 1 Donatus refers ligurio to Xtyvphs, 
 which he says means " sweet." But 
 \iyvphs is, shrill, clear, harmonious. 
 
 yjorai might be Ayy/crgov, transp. 
 Xlyv<rrgov. 
 
 Lilium, a lily. Soft for li- 
 rium fr. Xelpiov. 
 
 Lima, sl file. Fr. AeAsijxa* 
 pp. of Ae/co, to smooth, polish. 
 Aeloo appears to have existed, if 
 we may conjecture from Asiow, 
 Xsittoo, As/%o>. ^f Or for lisma 
 fr. \i\ivpou pp. of A/co, (whence 
 through XsXia-Tcti is AiVt^ov,) to 
 smooth, polish. If Or fr. Ae- 
 Aeico ( aa* (contr. AsAs7j«,a<) pp. of 
 Asjow, to smooth. ^ " Ex li- 
 mus. Quod obliquis aciebus 
 secat." Ainsw. 
 
 Limatus, filed, polished, ele- 
 gant. Fr. limo. 
 
 Limax, a snail. Fr. As/ju.a£, 
 which word Donnegan has re- 
 ceived, ^f Al. from limus. From 
 its sliminess. 
 
 Limbus, the hem, border, 
 fringe of a garment. Tooke : 
 " Limb is the past participle of 
 the Anglo-Sax. verb limpian, to 
 pertain or belong to. Hence 
 and hence only is derived Lat. 
 limbus, under the notion of 
 holding to or belonging to." 
 if Al. from A/jxttco, i. e. A«p- 
 TTuvco, to leave, i. e. leave off, 
 terminate. 
 
 Limen, the threshold of a 
 door ; hence, a beginning. Fr. 
 AeAs/jaaj pp. of As/a), to smooth. 
 (See Lima.) " Quia nulla pars 
 domus limine tritior aut terendo 
 levigatior." Salmas. % Al. from 
 limus, transverse. Forcellini 
 explains limen " lignum aut la- 
 pis transversus in janua, 
 turn superius turn inferius." 
 
 Limes, a cross-road, cross- 
 path, by-road. Fr. limus, trans- 
 
232 
 
 L1M- 
 
 LIN 
 
 verse. Livy has, " Profectus 
 inde transversis limitibus, 
 terrorem prasbuit subitum hosti." 
 Here however, as was usually 
 the case, limes is put for a path, 
 road, way. And, because cross- 
 paths are usually the boundaries 
 of fields, limes was a boundary, 
 land-mark, limit. From the 
 notion of a path or road, limes 
 is also a track, furrow, line, 
 mark, ^f Al. from KsKsi^ui 
 pp. of AeiVco, to leave, i. e. leave 
 off, terminate. 
 
 Limito, I bound. Fr. limes 9 
 limit is. 
 
 Limma, a deficiency. Asl^- 
 (xa. 
 
 Limo, I file, polish. Fr. 
 lima. Hence, I take away what 
 is superfluous, remove, amend. 
 Also, 1 search out, examine, 
 discover. " Quia lima super- 
 ficiem aufert ; et quod subter 
 latebat detegit." F. 
 
 Limpidus, clear, transparent, 
 limpid. For lipidus (as M is 
 added in Aapfiuvu) and in Lam- 
 bo) fr. hfaos, oil, whence Xi7rupo$, 
 shining, sparkling. As Gelu, 
 Gelidus, ^f Or for limphidus i 
 lympliidus, fr. lympha. As 
 clear as water, % Al. for lam- 
 pidus, fr. Xapnco, to shine. As 
 vltricus is perhaps for vAtricus. 
 
 Limits, mud, slime. Fr. Ae- 
 Aeijaai pp. of Ksloo, to smooth. 
 (See Lima and Limen.) From 
 its smoothness or softness. Vir- 
 gil : " Tu tamen e Levi rimosa 
 cubilia limo Unge." Forcellini 
 defines limus " ccenum illud 
 mollius quod ab aquis deferri 
 solet." 51 ^ r fr° m *up*> filth. 
 As $gTyw, frlgo. ^f Or from 
 
 Ag//x,a?, a moist meadow, f Al. 
 from AeAs»/xju,a* pp. of \efaoo, to 
 leave. That which is left by 
 the waters, ^f Ai. from i'Aupx* 
 pp. of iKuoo, to bedaub with mud. 
 If The Germ, leim is mud. 
 But Wachter refers this to 
 the Latin. 
 
 Limus, a species of girdle. 
 Fr. limus. " Quod purpuram 
 transversam haberet." F. 
 
 Limus : See Appendix. 
 
 Linamentum, anything made 
 (e lino) from lint or linen ; litit 
 for wounds. 
 
 Linea, a string or cord made 
 (e lino) from flax ; a string or 
 row of pearls ; any row or line. 
 
 Lineamenta, the outlines, 
 prominent marks or features of 
 things. Fr. linen. From the 
 strokes or lines in a painting or 
 geometrical figure. 
 
 Lineo, I draw the figure of a 
 thing (in lineis) in lines. 
 
 Lingo, I lick. For ligo (as 
 N is added in Frango and Tan- 
 go) for licho fr. A^w fut. 2. of 
 
 Lingua, the tongue; hence, 
 the voice, speech, discourse, 
 language. Also, from the shape, 
 a promontory or narrow neck of 
 land. Fr. lingo. As the tongue 
 is the instrument by which we 
 lick. 
 
 Lingulaca, a gossip. Fr. lin* 
 gua. 
 
 Linio, the same as lino. 
 
 Liniphio, a linen-weaver. Fr. 
 A/vov, linen, and u<p«w, I weave. 
 
 Lino, 1 anoint, besmear, 
 daub, paint, bemire. Fr. Aeia- 
 yw, (Xsivco,) fut. of XeiotiM, I 
 make smooth. " Leve ac lubri- 
 
LIN" 
 
 LIT 
 
 233 
 
 cum reddo, ut unguento fit 
 quod illinitur." V. 
 
 Linquo, I leave. For liquo, 
 (as N is added in Lingo) fr. 
 Amu (fut. 2. of Ae/W), iEol. Ai- 
 xob, as from ellofuu, IEol. sKo- 
 pui, is seQUor. 
 
 Linter, a bark, wherry, ca- 
 noe. Priscian states that " En- 
 ter, which is masculine among 
 the Greeks, 6 Aivnyg, is femi- 
 nine among the Latins." Vos- 
 sius doubts whether Aivr^ was 
 a Greek word ; but whether 
 Priscian 's testimony is to be re- 
 jected from the absence of the 
 word elsewhere, the reader will 
 judge, ^f Al. for Under, fr. lin- 
 go, linctum. A lingendo 1 it- 
 tore. 
 
 Linteum, a linen cloth, &c. 
 Fr. linteus fr. linum. 
 
 Linum, flax, lint ; a flaxen 
 thread, string, or cord ; a gar- 
 ment from flax. Alvov, 
 
 Lio, I polish. Aeioco, Ae/w. 
 
 Lippus, blear-eyed. 1 For 
 libbus, fr. A//3w fut. 2. of kmfho) 
 to distil. As Lappa from Aotfico. 
 If AL from \k»s, a fat or unc- 
 tuous moisture. 
 
 Liquefdcio, I melt. Lique- 
 refacio. 
 
 Liqueo; Liquesco, I melt, 
 dissolve. Fr. liquor. That is, 
 fio liquor, fio liquidus. 
 
 Liquet, it is clear, it is ma- 
 nifest. See Liquidus, clear. 
 
 Liquidus, liquid, fluid. Fr. 
 liquor. Liquidus became par- 
 ticularly applied to such liquors 
 
 as drop purely, clearly, and pel- 
 lucidly ; and means, pure, clear, 
 limpid ; and so serene ; shrill, &c. 
 
 Liquis, oblique. See Ob- 
 liquus. 
 
 Liquo, avi, I make to melt, 
 dissolve. Allied to liqueo, as 
 Fugo to Fugio. See Liquor. 
 Liquo is also to strain or pu- 
 rify : properly to dissolve, and 
 by dissolving to separate from 
 a body its grosser particles. 
 
 Liquor, liquid juice, liquor. 
 Fr. Ai'wos/ oil ; iEol. Xlxos (See 
 Linquo) and Xixoq (whence Ar- 
 bos and Arbor are both found) 
 whence liquor. If Haigh : 
 " Liqueo from A» for A/ay, 
 much, and %eoo, to pour." ^f Al. 
 from Germ, lechen, (allied to our 
 word To leak,) to drop. 
 
 Liquor, I am dissolved, I 
 melt, drop, flow. Allied to Li- 
 quo, Liqueo, and Liquor, oris. 
 Aeifiopai seems allied. 
 
 Lira : See Appendix. 
 
 Lira, trifles. Aripoi, 
 
 Lis, litis, strife, dispute. Fr. 
 egig, whence ris, (E dropt, as in 
 Kixa from *Epi£ot,) and for soft- 
 ness lis, somewhat as HLium for 
 liRium. If Haigh : " Fr. Au<r- 
 <ra, [that is, Auo-cr',] rage." 
 
 Litdnia, a supplication, litany. 
 AiTuveict. 
 
 Litera : See Littera. 
 
 Liticen, inis, one who blows 
 a clarion. Fr. lituus and cano. 
 
 Litigo, I strive, debate. Fr. 
 litem or lite ago. 
 
 1 *' Lippa ficus apud Martial, est valde 
 matura et dulci humore fluens instar oculi 
 lippientis." F. 
 
 Ltym. 
 
 2 " Fr. Ae'w and Ala came Aeifiw, At/8o>, 
 At7T«, Xe'upw, &c. which signified to drop 
 or distil, and were applied to various li- 
 quors." Lennep. 
 
 2 G 
 
234 
 
 LIT- 
 
 LIT 
 
 Lito. I offer in sacrifice. 
 Propertius : " ILxtalitabat ovis." 
 Fr. Xity), a prayer. That is, L 
 aaore the Gods through the 
 medium of a sacrifice. Or, lito 
 agrees with Imprecor from Pre- 
 ces : I curse, devote to die. 
 ^[ Or lito is for Into (as Libet 
 and Lubet are interchanged) fr. 
 luo, lutum. Ovid : " Ponti- 
 fi ces, forda sacra lit ate bove." 
 Here u sacra litate" may be, 
 pay or discharge the sacred rites 
 to the Gods. As Persolvo is 
 used. Then -" Lito victimas" 
 will be said, as Virgil has : 
 <c Hanc animam pro morte Da- 
 retis Persolvo/' Litoisused 
 also in a neuter sense. Sueto- 
 nius : " Pluribus hostiis caesis 
 cum lit are non posset." Here 
 Sacra may be understood, ^f 
 Some translate it " appease the 
 Gods." Hence lito might be 
 referred to KsXitoh pp. of a/w, 
 (whence Kio-rgov and \ivo-o$,) to 
 smooth, and hence to quiet, 
 assuage, appease. 
 
 Littera, Litem, a letter, as 
 A, B, C. Hence, in the plural, 
 littera is a number of letters 
 running on, and forming words, 
 sentences, and books; and is 
 hence put for a writing or com- 
 position ; a letter, epistle ; a 
 memoir, &c. So also for letters 
 or learning, the arts, the sci- 
 ences. Littera is fr. aAsi7rroj fr. 
 utebpoo ; whence liptus, (as A is 
 dropped in Rarus from 'Apaios, 
 in Rura from "Apovpct,) whence 
 liptera, (as Era in Arcera, Pa- 
 tera, and Erus in Humerus, 
 Numerus,) and for softness lit- 
 tera. 'AtelQw is the same as 
 
 " lino, illino ; " and Horace has, 
 " Quodcumque semel chartis 
 illeverit," i. e. (says For- 
 cellini) atramento induxerit, con- 
 scripserit. Hesychius: MAein-- 
 Ttjpiov ypoctpelov.* ^[ Al. from 
 litum supine of lino. But I in 
 litum is short. Rather, for 
 letera fr. leo, letum. Or fr. 
 linio, linitum, whence liitum, 
 litum. % Al. from Xityj, thin, 
 slender. " Litera quid sunt 
 aliae qu&m tenues et exiles duc- 
 tus ?" V. IT. Al. from AsAiorai, 
 AsAirrai, pp. of Xiu),to attenuate, 
 scrape. 4 
 
 Litteratus, having (Jitteras) 
 letters written on it. Acquainted 
 (Uteris) with learning. 
 
 Littus : See Litus. 
 
 Litura, the blotting out a 
 letter or word. Fr. lino, litum. 
 
 Litus, Littus, a shore; a 
 bank. Fr. \i<t<to$, Aittos, smooth. 
 Euripide3 has kv \supu tyctpuQcp, 
 on the smooth sand. *[[ Or fr. 
 
 \£Xl(TTCll, A£A»TT«J, pp. Of Xta), 
 
 (whence Xia-abs) to attenuate, 
 wear, &c. As worn by the 
 waves. As om.t\ fr. ayco, ukto.1, 
 1 break. 
 
 Lituus, a clarion ; a staff a 
 little bent at the end, as being 
 in its form. Fr. Xnog, thin, 
 slender. " Gracilem edit 
 sonum," says Forcellini. " Ra- 
 ther from its form. For litui 
 are long indeed but thin." Isaac 
 
 1 Quoted by Isaac Vossius adlitera. 
 
 2 Al. from the Saxon lith, or Germ. 
 lid, a limb. " Quid enim," asks Wach- 
 ter, '* est lilera, nisi mem brum vocis 
 scriptae ? 
 
LIV 
 
 LOC 
 
 235 
 
 Voss. If Al. from xXvtq$, so- 
 norous. 1 
 
 Liveo, 1 am black and blue, 
 pale and wan. And, because 
 envy and repining at other's feli- 
 city produce this color in the 
 countenance, liveo is to envy. 
 From TreXio'j), neXico, or ttsAsioco, 
 irsXeica, to make livid; transp. 
 tei7r£co, whence liveo, as leVis 
 from Xsll{$. 5T Al. from zekeiog, 
 livid, whence peliVus, and pe- 
 liveo, then liveo, as from TaXax- 
 tos is Lactis. % Al. from AifZu$, 
 an African. From the dark or 
 swarthy countenances of the 
 Africans. V for B, as in seVe- 
 rus from <7e.B*jgo£. 
 
 Lividus,]i\id. Fr. liveo. As 
 Frigeo, Frigidus. 
 
 Livor, blackness and blue- 
 ness. Also, envy. See liveo. 
 
 Lix is understood differently. 
 Some translate it " cinders," or 
 " water mixed or impregnated 
 with cinders." But, as we find 
 f lixivio cinere," perhaps lix 
 means water simply, and is ab- 
 breviated from liquens or liquis, 
 (liqs,) allied to liquor, oris. % 
 Forcellini says : " Lixivius di- 
 citur de cinere in aqua cocto." 
 Hence perhaps lix is allied to 
 elixo, " aqua coquo," I boil. 
 Then " cinis lixivius" is boiled 
 cinders. 1 
 
 Lixa, a sutler, or victualler 
 in a camp, who cooked and sold 
 to the soldiers what they needed. 
 From lixo, whence elixo, to 
 boil, cook. % Al. from lix, 
 
 1 Al. from Germ, lauten, leuten, to 
 sing ; whence our lute. 
 
 2 Turton derives lix from Hebr. hs. 
 
 water. (See Lix.) It being 
 their peculiar business to deal 
 out water to the army. 
 
 Lixivia, ley, wash made of 
 ashes. See Lix. 
 
 Loco, I place, deposit ; place, 
 build ; J. place out on hire, let 
 out; I place out a job to be 
 done, bargain to have a thing 
 done; I lay out, expend. Fr. 
 locus. That is, in loco pono. 
 
 Loculamentum, a partition, 
 apartment, place for pigeons to 
 build their nests. Fr. loculus. 
 
 Loculus, a small place or re- 
 ceptacle ; a small box or chest ; 
 a bag, coffer, pouch. Fr. locus. 
 
 Locuples, opulent, rich. Lo- 
 cuples testis or auctor is a wit- 
 ness or author worthy of credit. 
 " Quemadmodum locupleti ho- 
 mini fides habetur in rebus cre- 
 ditis." F. Or here the full ex- 
 pression is ** locuples fidei." 
 Pies in locuples is short for 
 plenus, or for ttAsoj or nhscm^, 
 full, or is from pleo, whence 
 impleo, repleo, &c. And locu 
 is fr. loculus, a coffer : Cui ple- 
 ni sunt loculi. Or fr. locus, 
 taken in the sense of Ager. 
 Cui pleni sunt loci i. e. agri. 
 Or, qui plenus est locorwn i. e. 
 agrorum. 
 
 Locus, a place, &c. For 
 docus (as Licet for Dicet from 
 
 AUri) fr. fox°$> ^ on ' $ 0K °$> con " 
 taining or capable of containing. 
 
 As x®P°S (i- e « X*°P og ) ls fr* X* 00 » 
 X*&, to contain. % Al. from 
 roiros, Mo\. t6ko$, (Compare 
 linQUo from Xs/Hw ; &c.) 
 whence tocus, and locus, T 
 being as easily as D commuta- 
 ble with L. fl" Al. from XsAo%a 
 
236 
 
 LOO 
 
 •LOQ 
 
 (Ao%«) pf. of Xeyoo, whence Xsyo- 
 pou, I lay myself down, I lie 
 down. Somewhat as Sedes is 
 used for a spot, place, from 
 Sedeo. % u Boxhorn. in his 
 Ancient Brit. Lex. has : Lech, 
 sedes." W. 
 
 Locusta, a locust. Scheide : 
 <e An a Xo%e6ct) [pp. AeXo^sucrraj] ? 
 ut sit incubator, agminatim incu- 
 bans ?" Ao^svovTsg is explained 
 by Hesychius evedgeuoVTe$, lying 
 in ambush. But Xoxeuca (from 
 Xo^og, a cohort, band,) might 
 have also meant, to come in 
 troops or bands ? Pliny says of 
 locusts: "Gregatim volant 
 infests messibus." 
 
 Lodix : See Appendix. 
 
 Logicus, logical. Aoyixog. 
 
 Lovista, an accountant. Ao- 
 yiorfe. 
 
 Logus, a word, fable. Logi 
 are mere words, foolish sayings, 
 nonsense. Aoyog. 
 
 Loligo: See Appendix. 
 
 Lolium, darnel, tares. "A 
 herb like barley, of which it is 
 thought to be a spurious kind, 
 as from loXiov, adulterinum. It 
 springs from corrupted seeds of 
 wheat and barley." F. For 
 dolium, as Lacryma for Dacry- 
 ma. % " From Hebr. lolah, 
 useless." Tt. H Al. from oXXvw, 
 transp. XoXuca, to injure. 
 
 Lomentum, bean-meal used 
 for taking wrinkles from the 
 skin. For lotimentum fr. lotum, 
 as from Foveo, Fotum, is Fo- 
 mentum. For the body was 
 washed with it. Cicero : " Per- 
 suasum est ei, censuram lomen- 
 tum aut uitrum esse, nam sordes 
 eltjere vult," &c. Lomentum 
 
 was also a kind of paint or pow- 
 der. Perhaps because the face 
 was washed with it. But Pliny 
 seems of another mind : " Ex 
 cceruleo fit quod vocatur lomen- 
 tum ; perficitur id la van do 
 terendove." 
 
 Lonchus, a spear. Fr. A.oy%>j, 
 or from a word Xoy/os. 
 
 Longdno, Longao, Longabo, 
 the straight gut. " Quod in 
 longum protendatur, nullis orbi- 
 bus implicitum, ut cetera intes- 
 tinal F. 
 
 Longe, a long way off. Fr. 
 longus. 
 
 Longinquus, being a long way 
 off, distant ; of long duration ; 
 of great extent, spacious. Fr. 
 longus, as Prope, Propinquus. 
 
 Longurius, a long pole. Fr. 
 longus. 
 
 Lo?igus, long. Tooke : 
 " Long is the past participle of 
 the Anglo- Sax. lengian, to ex- 
 tend. Nor can any other deri- 
 vation be found for the Latin 
 longus." Wachter : " Lang, 
 Germ. Lang, Iceng, long, Anglo- 
 Sax. Lang, lane, Dutch. Not 
 from lancea, as some foolishly 
 say ; but from langen, to draw." 
 That is, to draw out. As 
 eugbg, wide, from spot), epvco, to 
 draw, ^f The Latin Etymologists 
 refer longus to Xnyyy\, a lance : 
 so as to mean properly, long 
 like a lance, ^f Or to hoXi^bg, 
 long; transp. Xoh%os, Xol^os, 
 whence lodgus, (as from oXXo$, 
 oXXo$, is vulGus,) and for soft- 
 ness longus, as the change of 
 "Twos into Sopnus called for 
 another change Somnus. 
 
 Loquor, I speak. Fr. Xo'yo;, 
 
LOR- 
 
 LUC 
 
 237 
 
 a word. Or from a verb Xoysoo 
 or Xoyeopoti formed fr. Xoyo§, 
 QU for G, as vice versa in 
 Erench 6Galite for eQUalite. 
 So German Quen (allied to our 
 Quean) is thought by Wachter 
 allied to rvvYj. % Or fr. Xsyoo, 
 pf. XsXs^u and XsXo^, (Xo%ct 9 ) 
 as 'KSfATTca makes TrsVsjtt^a and 
 
 Lora > a, 
 
 Lorica, a breast-plate. Hence 
 any protection or defence, as a 
 breast-work or intrenchment ; 
 the coping or head of a wall ; 
 the covering or upper crust of 
 a pavement. Fr. lorum. As 
 anciently made of leather or 
 leathern thongs. As Cuirass is 
 from French Cuir, hide. ^[ Al. 
 for thorica fr. Qmpr^Kei accus. of 
 $wgyi%. D is often interchanged 
 with TH, as Qsbs, Deus; and 
 D is often changed into L, as 
 in Lacryma for Dacryma. 
 
 Loripes, bandy-legged. That 
 is, having his (pes) foot distorted 
 or twisted like a (Jorum) thong. 
 
 Lorum and Lorus, a leathern 
 thong, strap ; reins ; whip made 
 of thongs. For dorum (as Licet 
 for Dicet,) fr. fovpv, lopv, taken 
 in the sense of dsppot, hide, 
 leather; dopv being from Zklopct 
 pf. mid. of dsgcOf to strip a hide. 
 % Al. from Sew, whence a word 
 faopo$, hogov f fovpo$, tiovgov, that 
 which binds, '^f Wachter no- 
 tices the Belg. leer, leather. 1 
 
 Lotium, urine. " Fr. lotum, 
 though the quantity is different. 
 
 1 Haigh says, from Gr. Kwpov. But 
 Stephens says : " The later Greeks used 
 Xupov or Awpos for the Latin lorum." 
 
 Because by it those parts of the 
 body (abluuntur) are bathed or 
 cleansed through which it flows." 
 F. " So called from its sprink- 
 ling the bodies of animals." Tt. 
 
 Lotophagi, an African people 
 who lived on the lotus. Awto- 
 (poiyoi. 
 
 Lotos, the lotos tree : a pipe 
 made of it. Au)t6$. 
 
 Lotus, washed. For lautus, 
 as Cauda, Coda. % Al. from 
 Xovrog fr. Xouco, XsXovtoh. 
 
 Lua, a Goddess who presided 
 over purifications. Fr. luo. 
 
 Lubet, the same as Libet. 
 
 Lubricus, slippery, smooth, 
 dangerous, difficult, variable, de- 
 ceitful. For labricus fr. labor. 
 As Culcita from Calco. 
 
 Lucamca, a sausage. As 
 made by the Lucani a Roman 
 people, from whom, says Varro, 
 the Roman soldiers first learnt it. 
 
 Lucar, money bestowed on 
 plays and players for one's seat 
 at the plays and games. For 
 ludicar fr. Indus, whence ludicer 
 and ludicrus. % Al. for lucrar, 
 (as Fraga for Fragra,) fr. lu- 
 crum* 
 
 Lucaria Festa, festivals at 
 Rome. Supposed by Festus to 
 be so called as being celebrated 
 in a (lucus) grove between the 
 Via Salaria and the Tiber, in 
 consequence of the Romans, 
 when overwhelmed by the Gauls, 
 having taken refuge in this wood. 
 
 Lucas bos, an elephant. Lu- 
 cas is for Lucanus, whence Lu- 
 cans, and Lucas, as Praegnas is 
 
 2 IF Al. for locar fr. locus, a place, 
 seat. 1f Al. from luo, to pay. 
 
238 
 
 LUC- 
 
 LUC 
 
 used for Praegnans. The Ro- 
 mans saw this animal first in 
 Lucania in the war with Pyr- 
 rhus ; and, as the ox was the 
 largest animal they knew, they 
 called the elephant Lucas bos. 
 Lucilius has : " Quern ueque 
 Lucanis oriundi montibu' tauri 
 Ducere protelo validis cervi- 
 cibu' possent:" whence it ap- 
 pears that the Lucanian bull 
 was the strongest of its kind. 
 
 Lucellum, a little gain. For 
 lucreilum fr. lucrum. As Fla- 
 grum, Flagellum. 
 
 Luceo, I shine. Fr. lux, lu- 
 cis. 
 
 Lucerna, a lamp, candle. 
 Fr. luceo. But the quantity is 
 different, ^f Whence it may 
 come from a word Auxo$ or Xuxrj, 
 light. See Lux. 1 
 
 Lucctius, a name of Jove, as 
 being the cause of light. Fr. 
 lux, lucis. Or fr. Xvxog. See 
 Lucerna. 
 
 Luci, in the day-time. Al- 
 lied to lux, lucis. 
 
 Lucina, the Goddess of child- 
 birth. As introducing us (ad lu- 
 cem) to the light of day. In the 
 words of Prudentius (which are 
 not however said of Lucina), 
 " Lucinas tribuitnascentibusho- 
 ras." Ovid: " Gratia Lucince : 
 dedit ha?c tibi nomina lucus; Aut 
 quia principium tu, Dea, lucis 
 habes." The derivation from 
 lucus is thus stated by Pliny : 
 " Qu6d Roma? lucus fuit Junoni 
 Lucince sacer, eo loci ubi postea 
 
 Luzern, (Germ.) a candle. Goth. 
 
 W. 
 
 eidem tempkm exstruxere." Lu- 
 cina, as Salina. 
 
 Lucius, a pike. Fr. Auxo?, a 
 wolf. From its voracity. Lu- 
 pus inter pisces. 
 
 Lucrum, gain. For lucrum, 
 (as hUmus from ^A^oc,) from 
 Xot^ioo, Kciyja, to get.* 
 
 Lucta : See Appendix. 
 
 Luctor, I wrestle ; contend, 
 strive. Fr. lucta. 
 
 Luctus, mourning; mourning 
 apparel. Fr. lugeo, lugtum, 
 luctum. 
 
 Lucubro, I work or study in 
 the night by lamp or candle 
 light. Fr. lux, lucis. Properly 
 from lucibra, as from Dolo, 
 are, is Dolabra ; from Lateo is 
 Latebra. From lucibra is lu- 
 cibro, (as from Terebra is Tere- 
 bro), lucubro, as Maximus and 
 Maxumus. 
 
 Luculentus, bright, clear, 
 plain. Fr. lux, lucis, as Lutum, 
 Lutulentus. 
 
 Lucuns, untis, a kind of cake. 
 Fr. Xsvxosig, \evxosvtq$, Xeoxovv- 
 to$, white, as Placenta from 
 nXctxovvTog. As sprinkled with 
 meal which is white, ^f Al. 
 from Xsvxov, the flour of millet. 
 If Al. from yXvjcus, sweet. 
 
 Lucus, a grove. From lux, 
 lucis. From the glare of lamps 
 or torches which were lighted 
 
 2 Al. from luo, luitum, Mum, to pay, 
 as from Fulturn is Fulcrum, from Sepul- 
 tum is Sepulcrum. Properly, a pay- 
 ment ; or that which comes from pay- 
 ments. Vossius gives this reason : "Be- 
 cause every fifth year taxes and tributes 
 were paid through the censors." % Al. 
 for ducrum (as Licet for Dicet) fr. 54So- 
 Xa (8o'x a ) pf- m id« of Se'xo/xot, to receive. 
 
LUD- 
 
 ■LUN 
 
 239 
 
 up in the sacred groves, fl" Or 
 for lugus fr. Auyq, darkness. 
 If Al. from \6y(p$ 9 an ambus- 
 cade. As being fitted for am- 
 buscades. Whence Koxw is a 
 thicket, ^f " Lucken, (Germ.) 
 claudere ; Goth, lukan, Engl, 
 to lock. Vide annon lucus sit 
 nemus clausum." W. 
 
 Ludibrium, a laughing-stock. 
 Fr. Indus. As Manus, Manu- 
 brium. 
 
 Ludicer, Ludicrus, apper- 
 taining (ad ludum) to play, 
 playful ; calculated to make 
 sport; or appertaining (ad lu- 
 dos) to plays. 
 
 Ludius, a play-actor, dancer, 
 &c. Fr. ludus or ludi. 
 
 Ludo, 1 play. Fr. Au'Srjv fr. 
 Ayco, to loosen, relax. That is, 
 I relax myself in play. So 
 Mordeo from Mopfyv. % Al. 
 from ludus, a public game ; 
 and this from Aufoi, the Lydians, 
 who are said to have settled in 
 Etruria, and to have introduced 
 their games amongst the Ro- 
 mans, ^f Wachter mentions 
 Germ, loiter, remiss, and luder, 
 idleness. 1 
 
 Ludus, play, sport, exercise, 
 game ; jest, ridicule, as we say 
 To make game of. Also, a 
 school. Properly, a place where 
 games and exercises are taught, 
 as a fencing or wrestling school. 
 And hence a school for litera- 
 ture. " Alii volunt, quia stu- 
 dium literarum liberalis ingenii 
 ludus est." F. Compare Gr. 
 o"X°^j Lat. schola. Ludi pub- 
 
 1 Haigh : (l From Acs, much, and j}5«, I 
 delight exceedingly." 
 
 lici, are games, sights, shows, 
 exhibitions. See Ludo. 
 
 Luela, punishment. Fr. luo 
 i. e. poenas. So Tutor, Tutela ; 
 Medeor, Medela. 
 
 Lues, a plague, pestilence ; 
 any heavy calamity. Fr. luo, 
 or Xuoo, to dissolve, destroy. 
 " Qudd ea corpora solvan- 
 tur," says Priscian. Also, 
 snow or ice melted. 
 
 Lugeo, I mourn. Fr. \6%oo, 
 to sob; fut. 2. Xvyoo, whence 
 Xvypbg, mournful. 
 
 Lugubris, mournful. Fr. lu- 
 geo. As Funus, Funebris. 
 
 Lumbricus, 
 
 Lumbus, the loin. For tu- 
 bus, (as M is added in Actppuvco, 
 &c.) fr. lubet, whence lubido. 
 As being the seat of desire. 
 Persius: " Cum carmina lum- 
 bos Intrant, et tremulo scalpun- 
 tur ubi intima versu." Juvenal : 
 " Cum tibia lumbos Excitat." 
 
 Lumen, the light ; a light, 
 lamp; &c. Forluczmenfr.luceo. 
 
 Luna, the moon. Fr. luceo, 
 whence lucina, luna. As from 
 (fiXdg is gsXyjvyi. ^f Or from 
 Kovvy). Hesychius has : Aovvbv 
 Ka^pov, i. e. bright, ^f " From 
 Hehr. lun, the night; in which it 
 is only visible." Tt. " From 
 Hebr. lun, pernoctavit." Ainsw. 
 
 Lunensis caseus, a kind of 
 large cheese. Martial calls it : 
 " Caseus Etruscae signatus ima- 
 gine lunce." If Al. as made at 
 Luna, a maritime city of Etruria. 
 
 Luno, I bend in the form of a 
 half-moon, form like a crescent. 
 Fr. luna. 
 
 Lunus. " The same God as 
 Luna. For, although the Pa- 
 
240 
 
 LUO- 
 
 LUS 
 
 gans called it Luna by a feminine 
 noun, yet they thought it mas- 
 culine. Whence Tertullian calls 
 it Masculus Luna" F. 
 
 Luo, I release. Also, I pay. 
 So, " luo pcenas" is, I pay the 
 punishment of a crime ; I pay 
 the penalty, be it a fine, or death, 
 or any thing else. Ave». The 
 sense of " to pay" however may 
 come from luo below, " to 
 wash away." 
 
 Luo, I wash ; I wash away, 
 expiate, as the Latins say " San- 
 guine luo perjuria." So " luo 
 peccata" is, I expiate my 
 crimes by some punishment. 
 Aovca. 
 
 Lupa, a she-wolf. Also, a 
 harlot, being as rapacious as a 
 she-wolf. Fr. lupus. 
 
 Lupanar, a brothel. Fr. lu- 
 pa, a harlot. Somewhat as La- 
 cus, Lacunar. 
 
 Lupatum, a sharp bit. See 
 the second Lupus. 
 
 Lupercal, a cave under the 
 Mons Palatinus consecrated to 
 Pan who was called Lapercus. 
 
 Lupercus, a surname of Pan. 
 For luparcus fr. lupus and arceo. 
 As driving away wolves from the 
 fold. The Greek Avxsict are 
 the Roman Lupercalia, from 
 \6xo$, a wolf. 5T Or from 
 lupus simply. As Nova, No- 
 verca. 
 
 Lupillus, a small lupine. Fr. 
 lupinulus, lupinlus. As Pue- 
 rulus, Puellus. 
 
 Lupinus, a lupine. Fr. Xunr,. 
 Forcellini : " Quia vultum gus- 
 tantis amaritudine contris- 
 tat." Virgil has " tristis- 
 que lupijii." 
 
 Lupor, i. q. scortor. A lupa, 
 scortum. 
 
 Lupus, a wolf. Fr. Auxoj. 
 As oxoiog and bi:oio$ were dia- 
 lectic forms of the same word. 
 
 Lupus, a sharp bit or snaffle, 
 with unequal jags, like the teeth 
 (lupi) of a wolf. 
 
 Lura, a, a leathern sack or 
 bag ; the belly, or an intestine. 
 Apparently of the same origin 
 as lorum, (a leathern thong,) 
 which see. 
 
 Lurco, a gormandizer. Fr. 
 lura, the belly ; whence lurico, 
 lurco, c< ventri deditus." Da- 
 cier explains lurcari <( cibos in 
 utrem, in ventrem ingerere." 
 Or, if lurco, the verb, is prior, 
 it will in some degree imitate 
 Fodico from Fodio. ^f Al. 
 from Xotupog, voracious. 
 
 Luridus, wan, grisly, livid. 
 Fr. luror. As Candor, Candi- 
 dus. 
 
 Luror, paleness, wanness, li- 
 vidity. From lura. As being 
 the color of leathern bags, ^f 
 Al. for loror. Dacier : "Qui 
 lori colorem refert." 
 
 Luscinia, a nightingale. For 
 luciscinia, as (canens in lucis,) 
 singing in the groves. Martial: 
 " Multisona fervet sacer at- 
 thide lucus" The Greeks 
 call it simply cbj&wv from aeltioo. 
 ^f Al. for lucsinia, fr. lugeo, 
 lugsi, htcsi. 1 
 
 Lusciosus, 
 
 Luscus, 
 
 Lustro, one who spends his 
 
 1 Al. for lugenscinia. 1f Al. quod sub 
 lucem i. e. aurorara canit. 
 
LUS LUT 
 
 241 
 
 time and property (in lustris) in 
 brothels. 
 
 Lustricus dies, the day when 
 an infant was purified and 
 named. Fr. lustro. 
 
 Lustro, 1 expiate, purify. 
 See Lustrum. Lustrare exer- 
 citum, is to review or count an 
 army. From the lustrum or re- 
 view of the Roman people. Or 
 here lustrare is properly, to go 
 round, traverse, (which is its 
 meaning in various passages,) 
 and hence to survey, to look 
 round, to view and review. The 
 sense of going round is derived 
 from the circumstance that in 
 the expiatory sacrifices the vic- 
 tims were led rouud the fields 
 previously to their being killed. 
 Forcellini supposes the sense of 
 reviewing an army to arise from 
 the general going rouud and 
 counting his troops before the 
 (lustratio) sacrifice. 
 
 Lustror, versor in lustris i. e. 
 ganeis. 
 
 Lustrum, a purifying sacri- 
 fice offered by one of the cen- 
 sors, after finishing the census 
 or review of the Roman people 
 at the end of every five years. 
 And, because a lustrum took 
 place every fifth year, lustrum is 
 put for a space of five years. 
 Fr. luo, to expiate; pf. lucsi, 
 (i. e. laxi : See Luxus,) lucsum, 
 lucstrnm, (as Rasum, Rastrum,) 
 for softness lustrum. 
 
 Lustrum, a den. Properly, 
 a muddy place where wild boars 
 or swine wallow. Otherwise 
 called Volutabrum. Virgil : 
 "Saepe volutabris pulsos syl- 
 vestribus apros Latratu turbabis 
 Etym. 
 
 agens." Varro : " Admissuras 
 cum faciunt, prodigunt in luto- 
 sos limites ac lustra, ut voluten- 
 tur in luto, quae est illorum re- 
 quies ut lavatio hominis." *[[ 
 Al. for dustrum (as Licet, Le- 
 vir, Lacryma,) fro'm a word 
 SJcrrpov fr. SeSuorai pp. of Ivoo, 
 (whence Sucr^ from tisduo-pcti,) 
 to descend into a place of con- 
 cealment. 
 
 Lustrum, a petty tavern or 
 pot-house; also, a stew, bro- 
 thel. Properly, a den or haunt 
 of low people. From lustrum, 
 a den or haunt of wild beasts. 
 
 Luteus, yellow, saffron-color- 
 ed, yellowish. As being of the 
 color of (lutum) woal 
 
 Luteus, made (e luio) of clay 
 or mud ; dirty. Whence lutea is 
 applied to a dirty drab, nasty slut. 
 
 Luira, an otter. "From 
 lutum, mud. Because it lives 
 amid water and mud." Tt. w Vel 
 quod frequenter se in aquis lu- 
 tet" Ainsw. % Or for dutra 
 from SvTYjpot. ace. of dvTvjg, a di- 
 ver : or from a word Surga. ^f 
 Or from evv$pi§, an otter ; or a 
 word evvtyot, 'vvtipct, whence 
 AuSga, as Xirpov and vhpov, vvp- 
 4>ol and lympha are interchang- 
 ed ; whence ludra, lutra. 
 
 Lutulentus, clayey, muddy. 
 Fr. lutum. As Lucus, Lucu- 
 lentus ; Opes, Opulentus. 
 
 Lutum : See Appendix. 
 
 Lutum, clay, mire, dirt. Fr. 
 luo, luitum or lutum. " Pro- 
 prie de sordibus quag abluuntur" 
 V. That which is washed off. 
 Or luo is the same as soluo, sol- 
 vo. Forcellini explains lutum 
 <( terra humore soluta." " Fr. 
 2 H 
 
242 
 
 LUX 
 
 LYR 
 
 Awtov. Terra aqua soluta. 
 Ancient Brit, llaid, Germ, lett." 
 W. 
 
 Lux, (i. e. lues,) lucis, light. 
 Macrobius states that the an- 
 cient Greeks called the first 
 dawn Xvxyj, and the sun Kuxog ; 
 and that hence lucem was 
 thought to be derived. So Ho- 
 mer has uu,<pt\6xYi vb%, the night 
 («jt/,$t Auxrjv) about the time of 
 the dawn. So kvxoQcog is (<$>a>$ 
 Xvxyg or Xvxov) the light of the 
 dawn. So \vxuvyr)$ is pertain- 
 ing to (auyjjy Xvxric) the shining 
 of the dawn. So At>jc«|3ac, a 
 year, is referred to Xuxog, the 
 sun, and /3«;, going; in regard 
 to the course of the sun. ^f Al. 
 from tevxog, bright, shining. 
 
 Luxo, I put out of joint. 
 And Juxus, disjointed. " Ao%b$ 
 is oblique, transverse, and so 
 distorted. Whence Lat. luxa 
 and luxata membra." Hemsterb. 
 ^| Al. from luo, luxum, (whence 
 luxus, us, and luxuria,) I loosen. 
 Festus: "Luxa membra, e suis 
 locis mota et soluta." For- 
 ceilini: " Luxo dicitur de rebus 
 quae a naturali statu seu rigore 
 solvuntur, autflectuntur." 
 Luxuria, luxury. Fr. luxus. 
 Luxurio, I riot in luxury. It 
 is applied to trees which wanton 
 in their growth, and to land 
 which wantons in its vegetation 
 and is exuberantly fruitful. Fr. 
 luxuria. 
 
 Luxus, luxury, excess, de- 
 bauchery ; extravagant costli- 
 ness or magnificence. Fr. luo, 
 luxum, as Fiuo, Fluxum. From 
 its dissolving and loosening the 
 powers of the body and mind. 
 
 Luxus, disjointed. See Luxo. 
 
 Lyceus, Bacchus. Avciiog. 
 
 Lycceus, Lyceus, an epithet 
 of Pan. Avxofiog, Auxstog. 
 
 Lyceum, the Lyceum at 
 Athens. Auxsiov. 
 
 Lychnuchus, a candlestick. 
 Avxvovxog. 
 
 Lychnus, a lamp, candle. 
 
 Lycisca, a wolf-dog. Fr. 
 Kvxog, a wolf. 
 
 Lygdinus, made of Parian 
 marble. Auyfovog, 
 
 Lympha, water. Fr. vupfyr,, 
 a nymph ; iEol. Auju.<p*j, as Airpov 
 
 for VlTpQV, 7TAS0jX0)V for 7TVSVfl00V. 
 
 Homer has NunQou xgyvouou, 
 Fountain Nymphs. Callimachus 
 calls the Thessalian Nymphs the 
 offspring of the river : NupQoti 
 &ecr<ra,\l$sg 7ror«jU.ou ysvog. Vir- 
 gil makes the rivers to be the 
 offspring of tbeNymphs : "Nym- 
 phg, genus amnibus unde est/' 
 The Nymphs then were easily 
 identified with the streams and 
 rivers ; and lympha could easily 
 become a symbol of the water 
 of the streams and rivers. Nym- 
 pha iu this sense is a reading in 
 some passages for lympha, 
 
 Lymphaticus, frantic, panic- 
 struck. Fr. lympho. 
 
 Lympho, I strike with panic, 
 1 make frantic. That is, I 
 seize as the Nymphs. Whence 
 in Greek vujU,(poA>j7rros is one 
 struck with frenzy by the 
 Nymphs. Fr. lympha, which 
 see, 
 
 Lyncurium, a precious stone. 
 AuyxovqiQV. 
 
 Lynx, a lynx. Avy%, 
 
 Lyra, a lyre. Avpot. 
 
LYR 
 
 MAC 
 
 1243 
 
 Lyrtcen, lyrichris, a player 
 on the lyre. Fr. lyra and cano. 
 So Cornicen. 
 
 Uyrica, orum, poetry sung in 
 concert with the (lyra) lyre. 
 
 Lyt<?, bachelors in civil law. 
 Fr. Aura* fr. Kuao, AsAurai. Said 
 of persons who after four years' 
 study in Law were able to solv e 
 questions put to them concern- 
 ing Law. 
 
 Lytrum, the price of one's 
 ransom. Avrgov. 
 
 M 
 
 Ma Dia, by Jove. Mu Ala. 
 
 Maccm, silly, doltish. Fr. 
 puxxoixoor paxKQco, to be dull or 
 stupid. If Al. from a woman 
 named Macco, remarkable for 
 her stupidity ; whither paaxoao» 
 is usually referred. 
 
 Macellum, a market. From 
 a public robber named A. Gnia- 
 nius Macellus, whose house is 
 said to have been confiscated 
 by the Censors iEmilius and 
 Fulvius, and given to the people 
 for shambles. % Al. from j*a- 
 yeipoc, a cook ; iEol. payeppog, 
 whence magerrulum, magellum, 
 macellum, a cook-shop, or col- 
 lection of cook-shops. ^] Al. 
 for mactellum fr. mactulum fr. 
 macto. 1f Varro : ** Macellum, 
 ubi olerum copia. Ea I oca 
 etiam nunc Lacedaemonii vocant 
 jxaysAAw-ms. Sed I ones osiia 
 hortorum et castelli jxaxs'AAou^ — 
 Macellum, ut quidani scribunt, 
 quod ibi fuerit hortus." Hesy- 
 chius explains jxaxeAAa by $pa.y- 
 po), inclosed places, which may 
 
 have led the way to the meaning 
 of markets. 
 Maceo, I am lean. See Macer. 
 Macer, lean, thin. Macer or 
 macrus is fr. paxpo$ } long. For 
 thinness seems to elongate the 
 countenance and the limbs. 
 Compare Tenuis from Teivco, 
 Tsvscjo, to stretch out at length. 
 ^f " From Hebr. mak, tabes, 
 macies." V. ^f Al. from Sax. 
 mager, magre, whence our 
 meager. 1 
 
 Maceria : See Appendix. 
 
 Macero, I soak, moisten, 
 soften ; I weaken, waste away ; 
 afflict. From pspayu pf. mid. of 
 juacrcrcy, " subigo, aqua subigo," 
 the word payspog might have 
 been formed, and puysgooo, pot- 
 yspw, (as from tztuxcx. is Totxepb$ 
 and Taxepooo, w,) whence magero, 
 macero. % Al. from /xvjxo^, 
 /Eol. poLKos, length ; allied to 
 which is macer. Macero would 
 be thus to make meagre, to 
 diminish the size or strength 
 of. 2 
 
 Machara, a knife, sword. 
 Mcf/cupci. 
 
 Machina, a frame, fabric, 
 work, plan ; a contrivance, stra- 
 tagem. Fr. wxjxvyi, Dor. /xa- 
 %ava , whence machana, machina. 
 
 Machinor, i frame, plan, 
 contrive, project. Fr. machina. 
 Or fr. }j.y\')(avoLQ\LOL\, pjp/avwjaaj, 
 
 1 " Germ, mager, Franc, magar, An- 
 glo-Sax. mcegre, Iceland, megur. All from 
 Lat. macer." W. 
 
 2 Al. soft for taccro fr. TaKep6a>,Tattepa>, 
 1 macerate. As Ta&s is usually believed 
 to have produced Pavo : since P and M 
 are of the same organ, it is thought that 
 T may have been litre changed to M, 
 
244 
 
 MAC 
 
 MAD 
 
 MAI in Greek answering to R in 
 Latin. 
 
 Mdcies, thinness. Fr. maceo. 
 
 Mdcilentus, thin. Fr. macer 
 or rnacies. As Opes, Opulen- 
 tus ; Lutus, Lutulentus. 
 
 Macir, mace, a kind of spice. 
 Pliny says it is brought from 
 India. It is therefore an 
 Indian word. Turton says : 
 " From Hebr. masa" 
 
 Mdcritas, thinness. Fr. ma- 
 cer, macra. 
 
 Macrochera, long-sleeved. 
 Mctxpoxsigct. 
 
 Macrocolum, parchment of 
 the largest size. MuxgoxooXov. 
 
 Macto is properly, I aug- 
 ment ; from mactus (i. e. rnagis 
 auctus), or from magis aucto ; 
 ■aacto, avi, being formed from 
 auctum, as Moto, avi, from 
 Motum. Hence macto (like 
 Augeo) is used for enriching, 
 advancing, honoring. Cicero : 
 " Ferunt laudibus, mactant ho- 
 noribus." Again: il Cum pue- 
 rorum extis Deos manes mactare 
 soleas." Arnobius: " Liberum 
 patrem fanorum consecratione 
 mactatis" Hence (< macto sa- 
 criflcia Divis" is to heap victims 
 to the Gods ; and by conse- 
 quence to sacrifice to the Gods. 
 Or, by supposing an hypallage, 
 t( 'macto victimas Divis" is, macto 
 (i. e. augeo) Divos victimis, [ 
 honor the Gods by victims, or 
 by sacrificing to them victims. 
 Whence macto in either case 
 may have been identical with 
 Sacrifice Hence macto is in 
 general, I slay, assassinate, kill. 1 
 
 1 " Germ, metzen, jugulare. Arab, maza, 
 
 Hence I harass to death, &c. 
 % Haigh : " From jui^axTai pp. 
 of jxaccrco, to pound or bruise, 
 and so to kill, to sacrifice." 
 Hence a verb pctxTooo, potxTcv. 
 But compare Mactus. 
 
 Mactra, a kneading-trough. 
 Maxrqct. 
 
 Mactus, augmented, in- 
 creased, blessed. For mauctus, 
 magis auctus; or, in majus auc- 
 tus. Virgil : u Made nova vir- 
 tute puer." That is, sis mac- 
 tus, auctus. Livy : " Made 
 virtutediligentiaque esto." Mac- 
 te appears to be a kind of voca- 
 tive. In sacrifices were used 
 the words : " Macte hoc porco 
 esto." That is, Deus auctus 
 et honoratus sit hoc porco. See 
 Macto. 
 
 Macula, a spot, blur, slur, 
 stain. The meshes of a net 
 are called macules, as appearing 
 a little way off like so many 
 dots or spots. Macula seems 
 to come from pvxXa. MvxKcii 
 are the black stripes on the 
 neck and feet of asses. MvxXcc, 
 macla, as xTvog, cAnis ; and 
 for softness macula, as U is 
 added in iEscUlapius from A\<r- 
 x\yittio$. ^f Germ, makel, and 
 Welsh magi is a mole or mark 
 on the body. But Wachter re- 
 fers these to the Latin. 2 
 
 Mddeo, I am wet or moist. 
 Mc&aw. 
 
 Mddidus, wet. Fr. madeo. 
 As Candeo, Candidus. 
 
 Belg. matsen, Lat. mactare, Ital. amaz- 
 zare, French massacrer, [to massacre]." 
 W. 
 2 "From Hebr. machala, infirmity." Tt. 
 
MAD 
 
 MAJ 
 
 245 
 
 Mddulsa, a drunkard. Fr. 
 madeo. One soaked or drenched 
 with wine. 
 
 Meander, Maandros, a wind- 
 ing river in Phrygia. Whence 
 it is used for any winding, maze, 
 labyrinth ; turn, shift. Also for 
 lace or welt set round in crooks 
 and turns about the border of a 
 garment. MoiioLv$po$, 
 
 Mana, some small fish. 
 MutvYj. 
 
 Manas, ados, a priestess of 
 Bacchus. Moiivoig, otiog. 
 
 M&nidnum, a building of 
 pleasure jutting out for pros- 
 pect ; a gallery, balcony. From 
 a person of the name of Ma- 
 nius. 
 
 Magalia, Carthaginian huts. 
 From magar or mager, which 
 Servius states to be a Cartha- 
 ginian word for a villa. Whence 
 he observes that Virgil should 
 have used the word magaria, 
 not magalia. l< It is certain 
 that the Hebrews called a house 
 magur ; whence came the Greek 
 fieyetgov." V. 
 
 Mage, rather. Same as ma- 
 
 Mdgia, magic. Mays/a. 
 
 Mdgicus, magical. Muyixog. 
 
 Magis, more. For megis (as 
 Magnus for Megnus, and Ma- 
 neo for Meneo) fr. petyv, 
 greater, whence mejis, (as Zu- 
 yov, Jugum,) and megis. Or fr. 
 \xsyioVf comparative of ^eyotg. 
 IT Or from magnus, whence 
 magnius, magius, magis. 
 
 Mdgister, a chief, president, 
 head, master; a master of chil- 
 dren, teacher. Fr. magis. Com- 
 pare Minister. % Al. from 
 
 jxeyjcrTO£, greatest ; JEol. jui- 
 ynTTog. 
 
 Mdgistratus, the office of a 
 head or president in political 
 matters, a magistracy ; a magis- 
 trate. Fr. magister, magistri. 
 
 Magndlia, mighty deeds. Fr. 
 magnus. 
 
 Magndrius, a wholesale mer- 
 chant. Fr. magnus. One who 
 sells goods in the gross. 
 
 Magnes, ttis, a loadstone. 
 MayvYis, yTig, 
 
 Magnopere, with much toil 
 and labor, earnestly, vehemently, 
 greatly. Cicero : " Dolabelia 
 magno opere arcessitus." Ac- 
 cius : " Ite actutum, atque opere 
 magno edicite ut" &c. Te- 
 rence : " Nos ambo maximo 
 opere dabamus operam." 
 
 Magnus, great. For megnus 
 fr. peyot$. Perhaps through a 
 word meginus. Somewhat as 
 Regnum for Reginum from Re- 
 gis. % Al. from psyaXog, jxs- 
 y^b$, iEol. psyvbs, asijiVfloviEol. 
 for yjAQov. 
 
 Maguddris, the seed or juice 
 of the silphium. Mctyvlupiq. 
 
 Magus, a priest or philo- 
 sopher among the Persians. 
 Also, a magician. Muyog. 
 
 Maia, the daughter of Atlas 
 and mother of Mercury. Mulu. 
 
 Majdlis, a barrow-pig, sus 
 castratus. For Maialis. From 
 the North. Anglo-Sax. mawan, 
 Belg. mayen, Germ, mahen, is 
 to cut. ct Quasi porcus ex- 
 sectus." W. % " Quia Maia 
 deae sacrificabant," says Isido- 
 rus. 
 
 Majestas, greatness, grandeur, 
 majesty. Fr. majus, for ma' 
 
246 
 
 MAJ 
 
 MAL 
 
 justas. Or fr. majus, great ; 
 whence Jupiter was called by 
 the Tusculani Majus Deus. 
 
 Major, greater. Fr. /xs/Jeoy, 
 whence jap^wv, Dor. pdfav. As 
 pYjoov is found for pslcov. 1 ^f Or 
 for magnior, whence magior, 
 major. % Al. from /xe^cov, 
 whence mejor, (as Zvyov, Ju- 
 gum,) and major, as m Agnus 
 for mEgnus. 
 
 Maius, the month of May. 
 As sacred to Maia, the 
 mother of Mercury. <§ •* In 
 Armoric,May is mis mat or mis 
 mai ; i. e. mensis floridus, 
 as Pezronius interprets it in bis 
 Antiq. Celt." W.* 
 
 Majus, great. Allied to Mag- 
 nus and Major. 
 
 Mala, the cheek-bone, jaw. 
 Also, the ball of the cheek, the 
 cheek. Contracted from max- 
 illa. As Paxil! us, Pal us ; Vex- 
 illum, Velum. % Or contracted 
 from mandibula. % Al. from 
 ftvjAov, Dor. paXov, a cheek. 
 
 Mdldcia, a calm at sea. 
 Languor; effeminacy. Languor 
 of the stomach, fastidiousness. 
 MctXaxlu. 
 
 Malacisso, I soften. MaXu- 
 xity, iEol. puXctxticrco. 
 
 Maldcus, soft. Mol\ux6$. 
 
 Mdlagma, an emollient poul- 
 tice. Mahay pet. 
 
 Mdlaxo, L soften. Fr. ft«- 
 X<x%oo fut. of jxaAaco-co. 
 
 MaHcorium, the rind or out- 
 ward coat (mali) of a pome- 
 
 1 Mattbiab Gr. Gr. § 135. 
 
 2 Al. from Germ, nuehen, Anglo-Sax. 
 matccn, Belg. may en, to cut. From the 
 cutting of grass iu this month. 
 
 granate. As being as hard as 
 
 gnus, badly-disposed, 
 
 (corium) leather 
 
 MdU 
 malicious. For maligenus, fr 
 malus, and geno, getmi. Mala 
 indole prceditus. 
 
 Mdlitia, craft, cunning; cir- 
 cumspection ; also, villainy, ma- 
 lice. Fr. malus. As Stultus, 
 Stultitia. 
 
 Malleolus, a small (malleus) 
 mallet. Also, the new shoot of 
 a vine, springing from a rod or 
 branch of the former year, cut 
 off for the sake of planting, 
 with a bit of the old wood on 
 each side of it in the form of a 
 mallet. Columella : u A si- 
 militudine rei, quod in ea 
 parte quse deciditur ex vetere 
 sarmento prominens utrinque, 
 malleoli speeiem praebet." Also, 
 a kind of fiery weapon or fire- 
 brand. " Qua parte malleoli 
 concavi et crassiores sunt, et 
 ignis alimenta continent, caput 
 mallei referre quodammodo vi- 
 deantur." F. " Manipulus aut 
 collectio spartea forma quadam 
 mallei ligata." V. The '* quo- 
 dammodo" and " quadam" lead 
 us to suspect that these explana- 
 tions are merely invented. Was 
 malleolus in this sense a collec- 
 tion (malleolorum) of new shoots 
 of vines daubed with pitch, 
 
 Malleus, a mallet, hammer. 
 From marculus, a mallet : 
 whence a word marculeus, (like 
 Alveus, Ferreus,) marleus, mal- 
 leus. % Al. from puXuui, whence 
 paXoKra-oi, to soften. Or from 
 /xaXXoc, wool, might have been 
 jxaAXew, to soften. Or for ma I- 
 
M A L- 
 
 MAM 
 
 247 
 
 ceus (See Collis,) fr. ^«Aax/^a;, 
 to soften ; fut. ju,aAax<Vco, ^«A«- 
 xia>, pctKxiw. ^f Goth, maw/- 
 J<m x is to beat or maul. 2, 
 
 ffi/o, I wish rather. For 
 magevolo, mavolo, whence ma- 
 vult, &c. 
 
 Malobdthrum, an aromatic 
 shrub, and an ointment produced 
 from it. MoiXofiuQpov. 
 
 Maltha, a compound of pitch 
 and wax. Muhba. 
 
 Malva, mallows. Fr. [/.uXrj, 
 which is stated by Hesychius to 
 be the same as jaaAo^oj. V, as 
 in Sylva, Arvum. % Al. for 
 malcha, puX&xri, as breVis from 
 fipoiXv$. 
 
 Malum, evil, mischief. Fr. 
 mains. 
 
 Malum, an apple. MyjKov, 
 Dor. paXov. 
 
 Malus, an apple-tree. Fr. 
 malum. Qua? mala fert. Or 
 from Gr. jumjAi?, Dor. [mx,\)$, an 
 apple-tree. 
 
 Malus, the mast of a ship. 
 Malus is here supposed to be 
 put the whole for the part ; and 
 also to lose its specific character 
 and to be put for any tree. 
 Vossius : tl Quod ex trunco 
 arborum fieri solet, inter 
 quas malus frequentissima." 
 Ainsworth : " Quod ex trunco 
 mali i. e. arboris fiat." This 
 tree might have been suf- 
 ficiently strong to answer the 
 purpose of a mast in the ancient 
 ships. Dryden thus speaks of 
 the tree : " Thus apple-trees, 
 
 1 Todd in To Maul. 
 
 2 Al. for molleus fr. mollio. 
 
 whose trunks are strong to bear 
 Their spreading boughs, exert 
 themselves in air." 
 
 Malus, bad. Fr. fiako§, soft; 
 or «jxaAo^, soft, feeble, weak. 
 As originally expressive of effe- 
 minacy or indolence or cow- 
 ardice. As Virtus on the con- 
 trary is from Vir, 'Apelcav from 
 "Apr,$, soc ; &c. So Lennep 
 asserts the proper meaning of 
 xajiog to be (f ignavus." Haigh 
 understands by jtx,aAo$ " siily, 
 pernicious." ^| As mAneo and 
 m Agnus are for mEneo and 
 m Eg mis, malus may be from 
 fxe\oc, (as in w /xeA',) the same 
 as psksog, vain, idle, unprofitab- 
 le, useless : as on the contrary 
 Xprjtrrbs, good, is properly use' 
 ful. See Bonus. So we say 
 Naughty, ^f Al. from ps\ag f 
 black. Horace: " Hie Niger 
 est ; hunc tu, Romane, caveto." 
 Here Niger is explained by 
 Forcellini ** improbus, dolo- 
 sus." 3 ^ 
 
 Mamilla, a small pap. For 
 mammilla (from mamma) which 
 is also used. 
 
 Mamma, the name by which 
 a child calls its mother or its 
 nurse. Mappa. A mother ; and 
 a wet-nurse. Also, the breast 
 or teat, which peculiarly distin- 
 guishes a mother. Hence, the 
 bump in a tree, from which the 
 branches sprout. 
 
 3 ** Bal, Germ., not good, bad. Gr. 
 <$>avKos, Lat. malus. These words are not 
 obscurely allied, as B F M are letters 
 of the same organ." W. *f Al. from Germ. 
 mal, a spot, stain. That is, corrupted, 
 debased. 
 
248 
 
 MAM- 
 
 •MAN 
 
 Mammdneus, pertaining to 
 mammon. From jxaju.jw.wyaj. 
 
 Mandcus, the ecliptic. Fr. 
 /x^y, Dor. pap, a month ; whence 
 a word jxayaxoc, monthly. Vitru- 
 vius explains manacus " men- 
 struus circulus." 
 
 Manceps, mancipis. Adam : 
 " Res mancipi were those things 
 which might be sold and alie- 
 nated, or the property of them 
 transferred from one person to 
 another by a certain rite used 
 among Roman citizens only ; so 
 that the purchaser {manic ca- 
 peret) might take them as it were 
 with his band. Whence he was 
 called manceps; and the things, 
 res mancipii." Manceps was 
 also a farmer of the public 
 Taxes, an undertaker of any 
 public work. From his tak- 
 ing them in hand i. e. 
 undertaking them. Or from 
 his taking them by raising 
 his hand and being the best 
 bidder. 
 
 Mancipiwn, the right (man- 
 cipis) of the purchaser, pro- 
 perty, dominion. The property, 
 the slave purchased. See Res 
 mancipi in Manceps. 
 
 Mancipo, I dispose of (man- 
 cipi) to a purchaser, transfer, 
 sell, subject to another. 
 
 Mancus, defective in any 
 limb. " Membro aliquo cap- 
 uts, et refertur ad manus, sicut 
 claudus ad pedes," says For- 
 cellini. We will reverse this, 
 and say that mancus applies 
 properly to the hands, and then 
 improperly to other limbs. 
 Hence mancus may be referred 
 to manus, whence manicus, man- 
 
 cus. ^[ Al. from Germ, mank, 
 laboring under a defect; allied 
 to which is French manquer. 
 
 Mandibulum, a jaw. Fr. 
 mando. As Venor, Venabulum. 
 
 Mando, I chew; hence, I 
 eat, devour. For mado, (as N 
 is added in Frango, Tango,) fr. 
 [x,a$w fut. 2. of jxaccra), fut. 1 . 
 jaoVco, whence /xaa-ao/xai, I chew. 
 
 Mando, am, I commit to 
 one's charge, commission, en- 
 join, order, recommend. For 
 manui do. Like Mansuetus. 
 
 Mandra, a pen for cattle, 
 stall. Muvbpa. Also, the cattle 
 themselves. Also, a little square 
 on a chess-board, as being the 
 inclosure for a chessman. 
 
 Mandrdgoras, the herb man- 
 drake* Metv$puy6gci$. 
 
 Manduco, 1 chew, eat. Fr. 
 mando. Or fr. manducns, and 
 this fr. mando. 
 
 Mane, the morning. Fr. /x«- 
 vo$, rare, thin ; hence, pellucid, 
 clear, bright. Cicero has " cce- 
 
 llim TENUE PURUMOUE." 
 
 Mdneo, I remain. Fr.ftgvEoo, 
 whence pf.jw.ejw,ey))xa,and fut. jtx.eyoy. 
 
 Manes, the ghosts of the dead, 
 the shades. Also, the abode of 
 the shades. Fr. /xayoj, thin. 
 Ovid calls them " tenues 
 animas." ■J Al. from an ancient 
 word manus, good. " Quasi 
 bon i genii." F. See Immanis. 
 % On the contrary, Wachter 
 says: " To Germ, mein, malus, 
 pravus, 1 can scarcely help re- 
 ferring the Lat. manes, spirits, 
 ghosts, which are usually thought 
 to be (malae et immites) bad 
 and pitiless." % Festus refers 
 it to mano : '■' Qudd ii per 
 
MAN- 
 
 •MAN 
 
 249 
 
 omnia astheria terrenaque ma- 
 nare credebantur." 
 
 Mango, one who trims and 
 sets out to the best advantage 
 any kind of ware to make it 
 more saleable. Also, a slave- 
 merchant, as decking out his 
 slaves. Mango, mangonis, is 
 short for mangano, manganonis, 
 fr. (jLayyavov, jugglery, illusion, 
 deception. Or, as jxayyavov is 
 also a drug, mango may be one 
 who uses drugs for trimming 
 and polishing things. If Al. 
 from Germ, mangen, to trade ; 
 allied to which is our fish-?non- 
 ger, &c. 
 
 Mania, the mother (nianium) 
 of the ghosts. Hence used for 
 a bugbear with which nurses 
 used to frighten children. 
 
 Mania, a disease of oxen 
 which takes away their senses. 
 Fr. [auvIol, madness. 
 
 Mariica, coverings (mambus) 
 for the hands and arms. Chains 
 for the hands. Grappling irons 
 for taking hold of ships. So 
 Pedis, Pedica. 
 
 Manifestos, manifest. il Held 
 so as it were (manu) by the hand 
 that it cannot be denied or dis- 
 sembled." F. Thus Brasse ex- 
 plains xeig&eixTOs, " pointed out 
 by the hand, manifest." But 
 what is festus? It can scarcely 
 be a termination. Some refer 
 it to fendo, to find, discover, 
 whence fensi, and fenstum, (as 
 Hausi, Haustum,) then for soft- 
 ness Jestum. Others refer it to 
 festim i.e. confestim, immedi- 
 ately. In manibus positus et 
 confestim cognitus. ^f Or, as 
 from slXvoo was formed e\Xu$aw, 
 
 Etym. 
 
 (through a word b\\6tttod, pf. 
 slAu<pa,) shall we say that from 
 [ayivuw, to disclose, make known, 
 was a word p)vu<$>«a>, whence 
 pjvu^a/co, and (through the pf. 
 pass.) |K))vupa/a"T0£, Dor. juavu- 
 <poii<TTog ? Like "Htpctia-Tos. 1 
 
 Manipulus, a handful, bundle. 
 Hence, a handful of troops, a 
 band of soldiers. Fr. manus. 
 As filling the hand. So Disco, 
 Discipulus. 
 
 Mannus, a nag, little horse. 
 Of Gaulish origin. Consentius : 
 "Gallorum manni, Medo- 
 rum acinaces," &c. 
 
 Mano, I flow, trickle down, 
 distil. Fr. ju.«vo£, rare, thin, 
 slender. Johnson explains To 
 Trickle, " to rill in a slender 
 stream." ^f Al. from vupoi, a 
 spring; whence vupaoo, transp. 
 ju.avaa>, jw-avoo. As JNum is from 
 Mcov, transposed Nobp. ^f u From 
 the Chaldaic maiin, waters." V. 
 
 Mansio, a staying ; place of 
 stay, inn, &c. Fr. maneo, man- 
 sum. 
 
 ' Mansuefacio,(mansuetumfa- 
 cio) I make tame. 
 
 Mansues y tame. Fr. manui, 
 and sueo, suesco. See Man- 
 suesco. 
 
 Mansuesco, I grow tame. 
 That is, manui-suesco, I accus- 
 tom myself to the hand of ano- 
 ther. Hence mansuetus, i. e. 
 manum patiens, in the words of 
 Virgil. The Greeks say yz\- 
 qo$yis fr. xsipo$, and vfio$, cus- 
 tom. 
 
 1 We may observe that <pai&Tbs, clear, 
 is a word which Schneider admits, tho' 
 with doubt. And/wwbs was rare, fine, clear; 
 
 2 i 
 
250 
 
 MAN 
 
 MAN 
 
 Mantcle, Mantelium, and 
 Manfile, Mantilium, a towel, 
 napkin, table-cloth. Fr. maims. 
 As used in wiping the hands. 
 IT Al. from pavduXiov, which 
 Hesychius gives as the expla- 
 nation of xeipofiotxTpotj which is 
 the same as mantele. But Vos- 
 sius supposes ^otvdvXiov to be 
 adopted from the Latin. 1 
 
 Mantelum, a mantle, cloak ; 
 a pretext. From the North. 
 Anglo-Sax. mantel. Germ. 
 Belg. Armorie. Welsh, mantel. 
 They are all perhaps allied 
 to pxv$vu§, a Persian woollen 
 mantle. 
 
 Mantwa, a wallet, cloak-bag. 
 For mantelica i'r. mantelum, a 
 cloak. As Manus, Manica. % 
 Al. from manus. e< Quia est ad 
 manum, ut promi facile possint 
 quas in ea recondantur." F. 
 ^f Casaubon refers it to the 
 Arabic. 
 
 Mantichora, a great Indian 
 beast. Mavrixcopa. Calpurnius 
 improperly makes the O short. 
 
 Mantuulor, I pick a bag. 
 Fr. manticuta, diminutive of 
 mantica. 
 
 Mantua or Mantissa: See 
 Appendix. 
 
 Manto, I stay ; I stay for, 
 wait for. Fr. maneo, manitum, 
 mantum. As Doceo, Docitum, 
 Doctum. 
 
 Manturna, the Goddess of 
 wedlock, to whom prayers were 
 offered that it might be stedfast. 
 Fr. manto. 
 
 1 Wachter refers to the Latin the word 
 tnandel, a handkerchief, used by the 
 
 later Persians. 
 
 Manualis, belonging to the 
 hand. Fr. manus, dat. manui. 
 
 Mdnubice, spoils taken {manu) 
 by the hand in war, or elsewhere. 
 Also, money arising from the 
 sale of such. Used also for 
 thunderbolts, as flung (a manu) 
 from the hand. Bidd appears a 
 termination, as perhaps bium in 
 Dubium, and bia in Superbia 
 from Superbus from Super. 
 Some derive it from vis, (i. e. 
 manuum vis,) or from /3/a. 
 
 Manubrium, a handle, hilt. 
 As held (manu) by the hand. 
 As Ludus, Ludibrium. 
 
 Manuciolum, a little bundle. 
 Fr. manucia fr. manus, like Ma- 
 nipulus. 
 
 Manuleus, a little sleeve or 
 flap covering (manus) the hands. 
 Manupretium, wages for ma- 
 nual work ; any wages or re- 
 ward. That is, manus pretium. 
 Manus t a hand. The dative 
 manui seems to direct us to 
 pavuoo, Dor. of pjvuco, to indi- 
 cate, point. As we point with 
 our hand. Thus Matthias thinks 
 that falxoo, to show, is to be re- 
 ferred to a prior sense of stretch- 
 ing out the hand, to point out 
 anything. And hands are used 
 as marks of pointing to any ob- 
 servation. But the .A in aavva) 
 is long ? Yet the E in Fera is 
 short from <Prjgo$, and the U in 
 Furis short from <Pcoq6g. % Or 
 manus is fr. fxavog, slack ; in op- 
 position to Pugnus, i. e. 7tvxvo$, 
 thick, close. (t Manus proprie 
 dicitur, cum passa deductaque; 
 Pugnus, cum clausa." V. ^f Or 
 from pevo$, force, might. As 
 the great instrument of exerting 
 
MAN 
 
 MAR 
 
 251 
 
 it. From pevog, as mAneo from 
 pEveco. ^f Al. for marus (as 
 perhaps doNum from SwPov) 
 fr. pupy, the hand. fl* " From 
 Chaldaic MN, an instrument. 
 Aristotle calls the hand opyctvov 
 opyuvaiv." V. f " From Chal- 
 dee manah, to prepare." Tt. 
 
 Martzer, spurious, bastard. 
 A Hebrew word. 
 
 Mdpdlia, the cottages of the 
 rustic Numidians. An African 
 word. Sallust: "iEdificia Nu- 
 midarum agrestia, quas mapa- 
 lia illi V OCA NT." 
 
 Mappa, a table napkin. For 
 mancupa, from manu capio ; 
 like Occupo. Mancupa, man- 
 pa, mappa, <§ Al. for manipa, 
 manpa, from manus simply, ^f 
 Quintilian : ff Mappam Pceni 
 sibi vindicant." 
 
 Marceo, I wither, fade. Fr. 
 potpuco (whence fxaguo-fxog), pf. 
 [A,s(/,oipa.xct, puepugxct, whence a 
 verb poLpxeo). ^f Or for macreo, 
 fr. macer, macra. That is, I 
 shrivel, pine away or droop, ^f 
 Or for malceo, fr. pctXxog, soft, 
 languid. Marcor is used for 
 languor, drowsiness, sloth. Cel- 
 sus : " In hoc marcor et inexpug- 
 nabilis dormiendi necessitas." 
 
 Marculus : See Martulus in 
 Appendix. 
 
 Mare, the sea. From the 
 North. i( Mer, Germ.; mor, 
 Welsh ; mere, Anglo-Sax. ; mar, 
 Iceland. ; more, Sclavon." W. 
 In Celtic mor 1 or muirr? % 
 Or from [xupcb fut. 2. of [tBipoo, 
 to divide. Horace : " Qu& 
 
 1 Wachter in Mauringia. 
 
 2 Classical Journal, Vol. 3. p. 122. 
 
 medius liquor Secernit Eu- 
 ropen ab Afro." 1f Al. from 
 pupoo, to flow. As xTvbg, cAnis. 
 ^f " From Hebr. marar, to be 
 bitter." V.* 
 
 Margarita, a pearl. Motpyct- 
 
 p(TV}$. 
 
 Margo, inis, an edge, border, 
 brink, brim. From the North. 
 Anglo- Sax. mearc is a bound- 
 ary or goal. Goth, mark is the 
 end or boundary of a region. 
 The Persian marz also is a 
 mark and a limit.* ^[ Or for 
 marco fr. pelpa), to divide ; pf. 
 fxepupxci. Said properly of that 
 which divides and separates one 
 land from another. Ovid : " Hae- 
 ret in imperii margine terra tui." 
 % Or for marigo from mare 
 ago. In quern mare se agit. 
 
 Mdrisca, a kind of large in- 
 sipid fig. Fr. mas, maris. " Qua- 
 si m ascula, ob magnitudinem/' 
 
 F.5 
 
 Mdrisca, a hemorrhoidal tu- 
 mor. From being in shape 
 like the marisca. £vxov, a fig, 
 is similarly used. 
 
 Mar it us, a husband. Fr. 
 mas, maris. As Avus, Avitus. 
 % Avy\q and Vir are used in the 
 sense of a husband. 
 
 Mdritus, a, urn, belonging to 
 marriage. Pertinens ad mari- 
 turn, maritalis. 
 
 Marmor, oris, marble. Map- 
 l^apov. Also, the sea. From 
 
 3 Al. from aXfj-vpbs, briny ; omitting 
 a\, and changing Y into A, as in kVvhs, 
 cAnis. 
 
 4 Wachter in Mark. 
 
 5 Fr. fiapocrvnr], says Isaac Vossius. 
 That is, from <rvK6/xopos, transp. /xopocrvicri, 
 
 flOpoaKT}. 
 
252 
 
 MAll- 
 
 MAT 
 
 its being plain like marble ; or 
 from its whiteness. Lucretius : 
 " Cur ea, quae nigro fuerint 
 paullo ante colore, Marmoreo 
 heri possunt candore repente ; 
 Ut mare, quom magni commo- 
 runt sequoia venti, Vortitur in 
 canos candenti marmore fluctus." 
 
 Marra, a mattock, weeding- 
 hook. Fr. pappov, which is ex- 
 plained by Hesychius IqyuKiiov 
 a-idvipQvv, an iron tool. It may, 
 however, be doubtful whether 
 the Greek word was not adopted 
 from the Romans. 
 
 Marrubium : See Appendix. 
 
 Mars, Mart is, Mars. Con- 
 tracted from Mavors, Mavortis. 
 ^f Al. from "Aqvfi, Vuptfi, (as 
 *Hpo$, Veris,) whence Vars, 
 and for softness Mars. Some- 
 what as Mons for Bons. 
 
 Marsupium, a purse or money- 
 bag. JWa^cru7rioy. 
 
 Martes : See Appendix. 
 
 Martulus: See Appendix. 
 
 Martyr, a martyr. Maprvp. 
 
 Mas, maris, the male of any 
 creature. Also, masculine, man- 
 ly, brave. " From Chald. mare, 
 i. e. dominus, whence the Ara- 
 bic MR, vir, maritus." V. 
 " Mar, (Germ.) princeps, do- 
 minus. In the eastern and 
 western languages it is variously 
 written mar, mer, mir." W. 
 ^f Sed quid si sit pro has, ut 
 Mons pro Bons ? A /3a£, quod 
 a /3//3>j/ju, idem ac /3a/vco, quod 
 de maribus ascendentibus usur- 
 patur ? Buty)s est equus ad- 
 missarius. II " A fortitudine. 
 jNam est e Mars, abjecta R." F. 
 
 Masculus, male; manly, &c. 
 Fr. mas. 
 
 Massa, a lump, mass. Fr. 
 //,«£«, dough or paste, or dough 
 kneaded into a cake. Hence 
 madsa, massa. So from 27a- 
 Tgȣco is Patrisso. See Musso. 
 
 Masso, 1 form into (massam) 
 a mass, condense. 
 
 Mastico, I chew. McLVTiyotw, 
 
 Masiiche, the herb mastich. 
 
 Mastigia, a slave deserving 
 the whip. Ma<TTiyloi$. 
 
 Mastos, the cock to a water- 
 pipe. Fr. fxua-rbg, mamma. 
 Forcellini explains mastos " tu- 
 bulus mammatus seu mamma, 
 quales in fontibus reperiuntur." 
 So Mamilla is used by Varro, 
 explained by Forcellini, " tu- 
 bus mammae figura" ■&c. 
 
 Mastruca, -itga, 
 
 Masturbo, i. q. ^sigovpyco. A 
 manu stupro, unde manustupro, 
 mastupro, masturpo, masturbo. 
 ^f Al. a manibus-turpo. Aut ma- 
 nibus-turbo, sc. t« «ISoTa. *[[ Al. 
 a pa<TTpoo7ros, (unde fjux<TTu)p7rb$,) 
 leno. Sed hoc scopum verbi 
 vix attingit. 
 
 Matella, a chamber-pot. Fr. 
 matula. 
 
 Matellio, a water-pot, ewer. 
 Allied to matella. Varro: "Hoc 
 nomine vas appellabatur, ubi a 
 matula figura longe recessis- 
 set." 
 
 Mateola, a small wooden 
 mallet. Perhaps for macteola 
 fr. (iu<r<rco, f/,s[xtxxTcn, to pound. 
 
 Mater, a mother. A^rrjp, 
 Dor. /xonjp. " Muter, Germ. 
 Mader, Peis. Meder, modor, 
 Anglo-Sax." W. 
 
 Materia, matter, stuff, ma- 
 
MAT- 
 
 MAV 
 
 253 
 
 terials, of which anything is 
 made, and which are {mater) 
 the mother of what is made 
 from them. Timber, whence 
 divers things are formed. Sub- 
 ject, argument, or matter, to 
 speak or write on. Source or 
 occasion of anything. 
 
 Mdterior, I build (materia) 
 with timber. Also, 1 provide 
 timber for trenches. 
 
 Materis, Mat ark, a Gallic 
 javelin or pike. Of Gallic ori- 
 gin. It is mentioned by Strabo : 
 Kui fjt,ctTsp\$ TrctXrou ri sUo$. 
 
 Mdtertera, an aunt by the 
 mother's side. Fr. mater, ^f Al. 
 from mater altera. 
 
 Mathemattcus, relating to the 
 mathematical sciences. MolQyi- 
 (jlutmos. As astronomy was 
 one of these, mathematici be- 
 came contemptuously applied to 
 astrologers and fortune-tellers. 
 
 Mathesis, the mathematics. 
 MxQy}<ti$. Also, astrology. See 
 Mathematicus. 
 
 Mdtrlcula, a roll or register. 
 Fr. matrix, Ids. 
 
 Matrimdnium, marriage. Fr. 
 mater, matris. As Pater, Pa- 
 trimonium ; Sanctus; Sactimo- 
 nia. " In omen et spem, quia, 
 cum prolis causa suscipiatur, 
 summum votum est ut ea, qua? 
 ducitur, mater fiat." F. 
 
 Matrimus, one whose mother 
 is alive. Fr. mater, matris. 
 
 Matrix, a female of any 
 kind kept for breeding young, 
 i. e. for becoming a mother. 
 Also, the matrice or womb, 
 through which females become 
 mothers. Also, a roll or regis- 
 
 ter. " Qudd ea velut matrice 
 continerentur milites." V. From 
 mater, matris. 
 
 Mdtrona, a married woman, 
 whether she has children or not. 
 Fr. mater, matris. As Patro- 
 nus from Pater, Patris. 
 
 Mdtruelis, a mother's sister's 
 son. Fr. mater, matris. So 
 Pater, Patruelis. 
 
 Matta, a mat or mattress. 
 Anglo-Sax. meatta, Belg. matte, 
 referred by Wachter to mei- 
 den, to cover, If " From Hebr. 
 mittah, a bed. As they were 
 wont to lie on the matta." 
 Martini. 
 
 Mattus, steeped, soaked. Fr. 
 poKTdvo, paTTca, to steep. Or 
 rather for mactus, paxTog, fr. 
 \i*i\LaLKTciLi pp. of pCMJVOi. 
 
 Mattya, Mattea, a high sea- 
 soned dish. Muttuoc. 
 
 Ma tula, • 
 
 Maturus, 
 
 Matuta: See Appendix. 
 
 Matutinus, belonging to the 
 morning. From Matuta, the 
 Goddess of the morning. Lu- 
 cretius : " Roseam Matuta per 
 oras iEtheris auroram defert, et 
 lumina pandit." 
 
 Mavolo, I had rather. For 
 magisvolo. 
 
 Mavors, Mavortis, Mars. 
 Fr. jx«w, (whence jasjaaco^,) to 
 be impetuous. Hence a word 
 potogog, impetuous; whence rna- 
 ors, maVors. As Homer, 8ov- 
 po$ "ApYi$. From this word jaao- 
 gbg was pcogog, mad, foolish. 
 ^[ Cicero : " Mavors diet us, 
 quia magna vertit" Or, quia 
 magna vortit. 
 
«54 
 
 MAU- 
 
 •MED 
 
 Mausoleum, a mausoleum. 
 Properl}', the sepulchre of Mau- 
 solus, king of Caria. 
 
 Maxilla, the jaw-bone. As 
 Paxillus was from Pago, Paxi, 
 or TLccyoo, Ilu^ca, so maxilla 
 seems to have come from mago, 
 maxi, or from p,a<rcra>, pu^ca, 
 " subigo, comminuo." From 
 pcHJGo), fut. fiua-co, is nucruofxcci, 
 to chew, ^f Or for massilla, 
 fr. mando, mansum, massum, as 
 Pando, Pansum, Passum. 
 
 Maximus, greatest. For mag- 
 nissimus, whence magsimus, 
 maximus. 
 
 Maza, frumenty. Maty, 
 Mdzonomus, a large dish. 
 Ma^6vo[Mog. 
 
 Me, me. Me. 
 
 Mecastor, by Castor ! Me 
 servet Castor ! ^ Others de- 
 rive me from pu, by. By 
 Castor. 
 
 Mechdnicus, relating to the 
 mechanical arts. M^avoto'j. 
 
 Medela, a remedy. Fr. me- 
 deor. Like Tutela. 
 
 Medeor, I cure, heal. Fr. 
 prfiopoLi, fAYfieopai, I take care 
 of; also, I plan and execute 
 with great art and skill. So 
 Fera from 4>Yjpo'$. Or psfopai 
 was used in the same sense. 
 Mftopoti, says Donnegan, is the 
 Ionic form of ju,e8o//,«j. 
 
 Mediastini, a mean slave, 
 drudge. Fr. medius, somewhat 
 like Clandestine. Al. from 
 medius and sto. " A medius. 
 Sive quia vel mediis vel aedibus 
 vel balneis esset, ad omnium 
 vilissima qua?que servitia para- 
 tus : sive quod medius esset in- 
 ter servos summos et imos, sum- 
 
 mos ut atrienses et dispensa- 
 tores, imos ut compeditos et 
 quales quales." V. So Me- 
 sonauta is explained by Turne- 
 bus " medius inter summos nau~ 
 tas ut gubernatores et proretas, 
 et imos ut remiges." 
 
 Mediator, a mediator. Fr. 
 medius. As acting between par- 
 ties. 
 
 Mediica, medic, a kind of 
 clover. MrfiixY). 
 
 Medicina, medicine. Fr. me- 
 dic us. 
 
 Medico, I heal, cure. Also, 
 I prepare ingredients for heal- 
 ing, I tincture with medicinal 
 juices. Hence, 1 tinge, dye. 
 Fr. medeor. As Fodio, Fodico. 
 Or from medicus. 
 
 Medicus, a physician. Fr. 
 medico or fr, medior. 
 
 Medimnus, a measure of corn. 
 Medifxvog. 
 
 Mediocris, middling, mode- 
 rate. Fr. medius. 
 
 Medioximus, middlemost. 
 For medioproximus. % Some 
 suppose it put for mediossimus 
 (as UlyXes for UlySSes,) which 
 they suppose to be an old form 
 of mediissimus, ^f Others sup- 
 pose oximus to be a termination. 
 
 M editor, I bestow thought 
 and care upon, give attention to, 
 practice. For melitor fr. pe\e- 
 rco/x-a/. As vice versa uLysses 
 from 6Av<r<rev§. ^f Or fr. jxs'So- 
 jtx,«j, same as jxijSo/xa*, I concern 
 myself about, take care of, plan, 
 &c. Homer : Kaxec U Tpw- 
 e<r<ri p.eU<r8viv. Hence medeo, 
 meditum, meditor. See Me- 
 deor. 
 
 Meditullium, the middle. Fr. 
 
MED 
 
 MEL 
 
 255 
 
 medius. Tullium being a ter- 
 mination, as Cicero is of opi- 
 nion, ^f Al. for meditellium, 
 fr. medius and tellus. 
 
 Medius, middle. Contracted 
 from jxe<r/8ioj. ^f Al. from the 
 northern mid, between. 
 
 M ediusfidius : See Appen- 
 dix. 
 
 Medulla, the marrow of 
 bones. Fr. pveXos, transp. jxeu- 
 Xbs, whence meulula, meulla, 
 then medulla, as proDeo, &c. 
 ^f Al. from medius. As being 
 in the middle of the bones. 
 
 Medullitus, entirely. Fr. me- 
 dulla. From the very marrow. 
 Plautus has (< amare medulli- 
 
 tusr 
 
 Meg&ra, one of the Furies. 
 Msyaipu. 
 
 Megdlensis, pertaining to the 
 festival (t% \heycnXf\s becks) of the 
 great Goddess. See Mega- 
 lesia. Ensis, as in Circe nsis. 
 
 Megdlesia, the day and games 
 dedicated to Cybele, the great 
 mother of the Gods. Fr. ju,e- 
 y&Xr\, great, or peyuXris, whence 
 a word Msya\Yi<riu. 
 
 Megistdnes, nobles. Meyicr- 
 Toiveg. 
 
 Mei, of me. Fr. epeo or juio. 
 Or rather fr. kpov, transp. ,asot>, 
 whence mei, as TavpOT, Taurl. 
 Or from iEol. kpev, p.ev, /x,ey, 
 mei/, mei. 
 
 Meio, I make water. Fr. 
 dpi%eco, trans. ofxeiyco, whence 
 l^si^oo (as O is dropt in Dentes 
 from "Ofovrs;), meiho, (as veHo 
 from oXui), meio. Valerius Pro- 
 bus states mexi to be the perfect 
 of meio. Mexi, i. e. mecsi, 
 would be from peiyo* or jui^co. 
 
 So Veho, Vexi. ^f Or meio is 
 from fieco, petco, to pass. As 
 we say, To pass water. For 
 d[/,i%sw or ju.J%eo; is from psfuxu 
 pf. of fiioo, the same as peco. 
 From this /xs/co (through /as//3«j) 
 is «ju,s»/3a>, to pass. See Meo. 1 
 
 Mel, honey. MeXt. 
 
 Melancholicus, oppressed with 
 melancholy. MeXay^oXixos. 
 
 Melandryum , a piece of salted 
 tunny fish. MeXavtigvov. 
 
 Meldnurus, a sea-bream. 
 MeXavovpog. 
 
 Meledgrides, guinea-fowls. 
 MeXeoty pities. 
 
 Miles, 
 
 Melicce gallina?, Turkey-hens. 
 For mediccB from prfiixa), as 
 brought from Media. L for D, 
 as 6dv(r<revs, uLysses. 
 
 Melichrus, of the color of 
 honey. MeXi%govs* 
 
 Melicus, tuneful, lyrical. Me- 
 Xixos. 
 
 MeTilotas, the herb melilot. 
 MeXiXcoros. 
 
 Melimela, drum, a kind of 
 sweet apple. MsAipjAa. 
 
 Melina, a purse. Fr. meles, 
 a badger. As made of badger's 
 skin. ^| Or fr. pjAov, a sheep. 
 As made of sheep-skin. 
 
 Melinum, a kind of white 
 paint. As principally dug from 
 the island of Melos. 
 
 Melinus, yellow like quinces. 
 MyXivos. 
 
 Melior, better. Fr. upslvwv, 
 transp. upevtuv, (indeed accord- 
 ing to Fischer apelvoov is for 
 upevloov,) Mo\. StpeXioov, (as sj8s- 
 
 1 Tooke refers meio, i. e. mejo, to An- 
 glo-Sax. micgan. 
 
256 
 
 MEL- 
 
 MEM 
 
 Aog and sfisNog were both said ; 
 and as Alrpov was put for Ni- 
 rpov, and in after times PaLermo 
 from PaNormos,) whence me- 
 lior, A being neglected as in Rura 
 from "Apovpoc, Rarus from y Aqa.l- 
 og. ^f Or from a supposed 
 word peXioov, sweeter, more de- 
 sirable ; formed from juix», 
 honey. Or at once fr. p,e\t. 
 % Or from /jteAsi, it is a care. 
 That is, more an object of care, 
 more valuable, ^f Al. from /3sA- 
 t/wv, omitting T, /SsA/wv, whence 
 belior, then melior as Mons for 
 Bons. 
 
 Melisphyllum, balm-gentle. 
 Ms\(<r<pvkkov. 
 
 Mellwulum, a sweet-heart. 
 Fr. mely metlis. As we say, 
 My little honey. 
 
 Mellilla, a sweet-heart. For 
 mellicula, ^f Al. for meltiniola, 
 fr. meilinia, a drink made from 
 honey. 
 
 Melo, 2l melon or pumpkin. 
 Fr. jutvjXov, an apple. 
 
 Melodus, melodious. MsXoo- 
 log. 
 
 Melos, a song, verse, tune. 
 Me\og. 
 
 Melpomene, one of the Mu- 
 ses. Ms\7T0(/,eVYl. 
 
 Membrana, a thin skin which 
 covers the (membra) members. 
 Any thin skin or film. Skin 
 taken from animals, and polished 
 for the purpose of writing on, 
 vellum, parchment. 
 
 Membrum, a limb ; a limb or 
 clause in a discourse. Fr. /xe- 
 \og, fxeksog, a limb ; whence me- 
 lebrum (like Cerebrum, Cande- 
 labrum,) melbrum and for eu- 
 phony membrum. 1f Or from 
 
 pspoc, redupl. pefiepog, (as P6- 
 pulus from IloXbg) whence me- 
 merum, memrum, and membrum, 
 as French nomBre (numBer) 
 for nomre (i. £. numerus,) &c. 
 
 Membri, I remember. Also, 
 I make mention of. From pevog, 
 explained by Hesychius vovg, 
 mind, (whence Mens,) appears to 
 have been formed a verb peveco, 
 or j&svaw, /X.SVW ; (pf. mid. /uijxova, 
 whence Moneo,) I put or I 
 bear in mind ; whence meno, 
 pf. memirii, as Disco, Didici. 
 And Reminiscor, Comminiscor. 
 So also supine mentum, whence 
 Mentio. Indeed pvav» is p ro- 
 bably contracted from jxsvaw, 
 whence pevw, meno. In an ac- 
 tive sense meno would mean to 
 put in mind, and hence to make 
 mention of any thing to another ; 
 in a neuter sense it would mean 
 to put myself in mind, to re- 
 member ; or, in a passive sense, 
 to be put in mind. f" Al. from 
 the northern meinen, minnen, 1 
 to remember. 
 
 Memnonid.es aves, birds 
 which were fabled to fly yearly 
 from ^Ethiopia to Troy, where 
 on Memnon's tomb they fought 
 till they killed each other. 
 
 Memnonius, black, swarthy. 
 From Memnon, from his being 
 king of ^Ethiopia, or from his 
 being reputed the son of Au- 
 rora, who was fabled to rise 
 daily from ^Ethiopia, when she 
 enlightened the earth, ^f Al. 
 from the Memnones, a people 
 of iEthiopia : Plin. vi. 30. 
 
 1 Wachter in Manen. 
 
MEM- 
 
 MEN 
 
 257 
 
 Memor, remembering, mind- 
 ful. Soft for mnemor fr. avjjjtx-wv. 
 As to quantity, compare fera 
 from <pHpo$. ^f Al.from memi- 
 ni. 
 
 Memor i a, memory. The 
 power by which (memores su- 
 mus) we remember. 
 
 Memoro, I mention. Pro- 
 perly, 1 make a thing (memo?) 
 lasting and durable. Memor is 
 so used in Horace : '* Impressit 
 memorem dente labris notam." 
 Memoro can scarcely mean 
 ''memorem facio aliquem alicu- 
 jus rei," as the accusative is 
 used of the thing : u Memor a 
 tuum nomen ;" not, " Memora 
 me tui nominis." 
 
 Menda, a blemish, blur. 
 From (jlsvsty), remaining and so 
 adhering ; whence menta, and 
 menda, as menDax for menTax. 
 As said of moles or warts ad- 
 hering to the skin. 
 
 Mendax, lying. For men- 
 tax fr. mentior. As Teneo, 
 Tenax. 
 
 Mendtcus, a beggar. Fr. 
 mentior, whence mentions, and 
 mendicus, as menDax for rnen- 
 Tax. From the notorious lies 
 of beggars. If Others from 
 menda, which they consider as 
 meaning properly what is want- 
 ing or deficient. Could menda 
 have meant a tatter r 
 
 Menis. Ausonius : " Quos 
 legis a prima deductos menide 
 libri." The ancients, says Tur- 
 nebus, seem to have prefixed a 
 little moon to the beginning of 
 their works, as they put a crown 
 at the end. Menis is then fr. 
 /x>jv>j, a moon, ^f Vinetus sup- 
 Etym. 
 
 poses that menis is taken from 
 Myviv, the first word of the Iliad. 
 Vossius objects that pjv*$ makes 
 /xvjvio^, whereas Ausonius has 
 meniDe. But Donnegan has 
 both [AYjviog and pyvidos. 
 
 Mens, the mind. Fr. pevog, 
 explained by Hesychius voug, 
 ifv^Yj. 1 So rivog, Gens. ^f 
 Others derive mentis fr. meno, 
 memini, mentum. See Me- 
 mini. Mens, the faculty by 
 which we remember. 
 
 Mensa, a board or table to 
 eat on. Also, any table. For 
 mesa (N inserted, as in Men- 
 sus, Densus, Frango,) fr. /xia->j. 
 That is, TpaL7rs^ci /xetn? xsi^evv}, 
 lying in the middle. As being 
 placed in the middle of the room 
 or house. Virgil: " mediis- 
 que parant convivia tectis." 
 Again: " Aulai in medio li- 
 babant pocula Baccho." Some 
 understand it of being placed 
 between those who are at table. 
 Plutarch : Mrjvcrav /uev tyjv rpoL7rs- 
 $av t% Iv /xej-o; Siaswc. ^f Al. 
 from metior, mensus. A table 
 on which provisions were mea- 
 sured out and dispensed to the 
 company. Or mensa may have 
 meant originally a platter given 
 to each person at dinner. Pe- 
 tronius : (< Jussit senex suam 
 cuique mensam assign a hi." 
 Forcellini understands mensa in 
 Virgil, 3, 394: "Nectu men- 
 sarum morsushorresce futuros," 
 of square platters made of crust- 
 
 1 Mivos is impetuosity of mind, and 
 is from a word pioo, allied to fida, I am 
 impetuous. In its sense of mind it may 
 be compared with Ovfihs from 6va. 
 2 K 
 
'258 
 
 MEN. 
 
 MEK 
 
 ed bread which were put on the 
 table and laden with food, ^f 
 "Al. from Hebrew MS AH, 
 portio, epulum." V". 
 
 Memis, a month. Fr. pjv, 
 [AYjvo$, pyvg. ^[ Or from metior, 
 mensus. Cicero : " Quia men- 
 sa spatia conficiunt, menses no- 
 minantur." 
 
 Menstruus, monthly. Fr. 
 mensis. 
 
 Mensura, a measure. Fr. 
 metior, mensum. 
 
 Mensus, measured. For me- 
 sas fr. metior. N added as in 
 Densus, Tango, Lingo, &c. ^f 
 Al. soft for metsus fr. metior. 
 
 Menta, Mentha, mint. MivQyj. 
 
 Mentlgo, a scab with which 
 lambs are seized about the 
 mouth and lips. As beginning 
 (al mento) with the chin. It 
 seems allied to the mentagra 
 (like Podagra) which begins 
 with the chin and spreads over 
 the face. 
 
 Mentio, a mention or speak- 
 ing of. Fr. meno, memini, men- 
 turn. See Memiiii. 
 
 Mentior, I lie. For metior 
 (as N is added in Frango, &c.) 
 fr. fXYiTioopcti, I contrive, plan. 
 % Or it is the same as comminis- 
 cor, whence cornmentum. 
 
 Mentula : See Appendix. 
 
 Mentum, the chin. Fr. mo- 
 veo, whence movimentum, and 
 (omitting ovim) mentum. So 
 from Inferissimus we have Imus, 
 from Donicum we have Dum, 
 &c. " For in speaking and 
 eating it is continually moving." 
 W. 51 Or for ementum fr. 
 emineo, eminui, emirdtum, emen- 
 tum. From its projecting. Or 
 
 rather from mineo, supine mi- 
 nitum, mintum, to overhang ; 
 used by Lucretius. For min- 
 tum, as mEntha from plvfy. 
 ^f Al. from pjvuTov, (pjvtov,) fr, 
 pjvuw, to show. As by it the 
 age is shown. 
 
 Meo, I go to and fro, pass. 
 From a verb jwia>, whence 
 (through j&eucy) is ajxeuw, to pass ; 
 and (through ju-e/co) is upelfioo, to 
 pass ; T and (through pf. pepexa) 
 
 is ^XP 1 > as ^ ar as » an< ^ (through 
 fut. jasVw) is [teo-Qot. Mew is the 
 same as /3eco, whence /3s/ojx«< ; 
 and jSaw, whence fiulvoo, &c. 
 
 Mephitis, a strong sulphu- 
 reous exhalation. " From Sy- 
 riac mephuhith, \rnephith,'} 
 afflatus." V. 
 
 Meracus, pure. Fr. merus. 
 
 Mercator, a merchant. Fr. 
 mercor, mercatum. 
 
 Mer denarius, a hired person. 
 For mercedinarius. Fr. merces, 
 mercedis. 
 
 Merces, hire, pay ; profit. 
 Also, the rent we gain from 
 another's hiring our farm, &c. 
 Also, cost, loss. That is, hire 
 paid to another for what he does 
 for us. Merces is for merices, 
 fr. mereor, somewhat as Me- 
 dicus from Medeor. So Ges 
 in Strages, Seges. % Al. from 
 jas/paj, pf. fispspxct (ftspxct), to 
 divide. " Quod dividitur opera- 
 riis," says Scheide. So fM<r$og 
 is perhaps from pco, (a. 1. p. 
 l/AiVflvjy,) to divide. 
 
 Mercor, I traffic ; I buy to 
 sell again ; I buy generally. Fr. 
 
 See Burgess's Edition of Dawes. 
 
MER- 
 
 MER 
 
 259 
 
 merx, mercis. Or merx is fr. 
 mercor. See Merx. 
 
 Mercuriales, merchants, &c. 
 and learned men. As under 
 the protection (Mercurii) of 
 Mercury. 
 
 Mercurius, Mercury. Fr. 
 merx, mercis. For Mercury 
 presides over traffic. 1 
 
 Merda, excrement. Fr. pelpco, 
 to divide, separate ; pp. (Aepsg- 
 TUi, whence i^zpl^v. So Ex- 
 crement is from Excerno, to 
 separate. Compare Muscerda. 
 
 Merenda is thought by Sca- 
 liger to have been food given (sere 
 merentibus) to labourers a little 
 before they were dismissed from 
 their work. Calpurnius : ll Se- 
 rm cum venerit hora merendce." 
 So Przebeo, PiEebenda. Da- 
 cier remarks : " Merendam ta- 
 men idem quod prandium fuisse, 
 monet Festus. Quaie dicen- 
 dum est priscis temporibus, 
 nondum inducto prandii nomine, 
 merendam pro prandio fuisse; 
 postea vero pro cibo qui post 
 meridiem dabatur, ut apud nos 
 fit." 
 
 Mtreor, I earn, acquire, de- 
 serve. Fr. pspeao, whence pepa, 
 fut. of [xelgco, to obtain a share, 
 and also, to take, receive. 
 
 Meretrix, a harlot. Fr. me- 
 
 1 Jamieson : " Rudbeck thinks that the 
 different attributes of Mercury, as the 
 father of letters, the god of money, the 
 inventor of geometry, of astronomy, of 
 numbers, of weights and measures, and of 
 merchandise, may be all traced to Goth. 
 merkia, which signifies to cut on wood, 
 to enumerate, to strike metals, to mea- 
 sure, to affix limits, to distinguish the 
 heavenly signs." 
 
 reo, meritum, to earn. Qua? 
 corpore meretur. Somewhat 
 similarly Whore or Hore is from 
 Hire ; and Hopw\ is from JJeitoq- 
 voc pf. mid. of Ilspvoo, to sell. 
 
 Merga, a fork, pitchfork. 
 Festus: "A mergis ; quia, ut 
 ill x se in aquam mergunt, dum 
 pisces persequuntur : sic mes- 
 sores eas in fruges demergunt, 
 ut elevare possint manipulos." 
 But Forcellini says that merga 
 is a ripple or kind of sickle. 
 And here it is perhaps to be 
 referred to iJLsgicmxY}, capa- 
 ble of dividing and severing ; 
 cut down to pspixy, (Jt<spxr), 
 whence merca, merga. Or /xs- 
 pixv\ might itself have had this 
 sense. 
 
 Merges, a sheaf or handful of 
 corn. That is, as much corn 
 as one can raise (merga) with a 
 pitchfork at once. 
 
 Mergo, I plunge, immerse. 
 For merco fr. pelpoo, pf. pepspxoi, 
 I divide, cause to divide i. e. a 
 liquid. As $6oo, lumw are to 
 dive from the original notion of 
 separating, as is observed in SJo, 
 two ; and in the allied forms 
 docoo, dtoo, Sec. Go, as from rpoco, 
 rerpooxct, is Tpwyoo, and from 
 ■ctpeco, apf\xa, is apyyco. ^[ A], 
 from " in mare ago." Whence 
 mar ego, mergo, 
 
 Mergus, a cormorant. Fr. 
 mergo, From its dipping into 
 the sea. Ovid: " iEquor amat, 
 
 NOMENQUE TENET QUIA 
 
 mergitur." 
 
 Mergus, a layer bent and 
 sunk into the earth a litile way, 
 then raised up again. Fr. mer- 
 go. 
 
260 
 
 M£R 
 
 MET 
 
 Mendies, mid-day. For me- 
 didies, medius dies. Cicero : 
 " Meridiem cur non medidiem ? 
 Credo, qu6d erat insuavius." 
 ^[ Al. from y*egto, fut. of jxeipM, 
 to divide, and dies. But this 
 would be a hybridous com- 
 pound. 
 
 Meritum, desert. Fr. mereo, 
 merit urn. 
 
 Merops, the bee-eater. Mipoty. 
 
 Merto, from mergo, mergi- 
 tum, mertum. So Pulto and 
 Manto. Mergo, mergitum, as 
 Parco, Parcitum. 
 
 Merula, a blackbird, merle. 
 It is said also of a kind of fish. 
 Fr. merits. As being separated 
 from others of its kind and keep- 
 ing alone. Festus : " Quod 
 solivaga est et solitaria pasci- 
 tur." ^f Or from merivola, 
 (from voto, as) merola, merula. 
 
 Merum, pure wine. That is, 
 merum vinum, wine alone with- 
 out adulteration. 
 
 Merits, alone, bare, solitary ; 
 unmixed, pure. Fr. jxepw fut. of 
 jx=/pco, to sever. Severed from 
 others. 
 
 Merx, mercis, any kind of 
 ware or merchandise. " Res 
 ipsa quie emitur venditurque." 
 F. From the Celtic mere, 1 
 merchandise, % Scheide : " Fr. 
 ixslpoo, pf. ixifAEpxa. As being 
 sold in parts." That is, Retail. 
 Or perhaps in some way from 
 mereo, to earn, gain, or from the 
 word which gave mereo. % 
 " Transposed from Hebrew 
 MCR, (MRC,) res venalis." 
 Ainsw. 
 
 Jamieson, Herm. Scyth. p. 132. 
 
 MespUus, a medlar-tree. Ms<r- 
 
 Messis, harvest. Fr. meto, 
 metsum, messitm. 
 
 M eta, a pillar in the form of 
 a cone round which chariots 
 turned in the race. Hence, any- 
 thing in the form of a cone. 
 Hence also, any limit, boundary 
 or end. Fr. metor, I measure 
 out. From the notion of mea- 
 suring out the ground, and so 
 fixing the limit. Thus in the 
 passage in the Psalms, " Lord, 
 let me know mine end and the 
 measure of my days," John- 
 son explains Measure " limit, 
 boundary." Thus also Wach- 
 ter explains the German Metz 
 " terra mensurata ; et synec- 
 dochice fines vel termini alicu- 
 jus regionis." ^[Dunbar: "The 
 pf. pass. (ju,s]u,rj Taj) of the obso- 
 lete verb fxsui, meo, to go, (pass,) 
 probably furnished meta." Both 
 ctjxsvca and uy,sl(3w (which are 
 from /xeco) signified to pass.* 
 
 Metallum, a mine; a metal. 
 MiTuKKov. 
 
 Metamorphosis, transforma- 
 tion. Msrx[j.op<pu)(ns. 
 
 Metancea, repentance. Ms- 
 
 TUVOICL. 
 
 Metaphora, a metaphor. Me- 
 
 TCitpOptZ. 
 
 Metai a, raw silk ; a clue or 
 skein of silk or thread ; a string, 
 rope. MeVa|f«, says Stephens, 
 was silk among the later Greeks. 
 Martini refers it to the Syrian 
 metaccas, ordinatus, ornatus. 
 
 2 " Fr. /xvrcs, whence jjlvtiXov which 
 Hesychius explains eaxaroy, last." Sal- 
 mas, f " Fr. the Syriac MTH, perve- 
 nit." Ainsw. 
 
MET- 
 
 MIC 
 
 26 i 
 
 Methodus, a method. Mi- 
 
 Qofog. 
 
 Meticuloms, fearful. Fr.me- 
 tus, whence meticulus, as Fu- 
 nis, Funiculus. 
 
 Mttior, I measure; I mea- 
 sure or deal out ; 1 measure out 
 a path in going forward, 1 pass 
 through. Ovid : " Celerique 
 carina JEgeas metiris aquas." 
 Hemsterhuis : " From pstico, 
 whence pih^vov, and (from pf. 
 mid. jw,l/jt,o§«) (xodiov and modus." 
 Rather from some word which 
 produced perpov, a measure. 
 Wachter : " Or. psTpfiv, Lat. 
 metiri, Goth, mitan, Anglo- 
 Sax. ?netcw, Belg.meeten, Hebr. 
 mad." 
 
 Meto, I mow, reap ; I cut 
 down, crop. From Goth, mai- 
 tan, 1 to cut. ^f Or fr. apji-oc, 
 harvest; or from apjrat pp. of 
 a.\Luo) y to cut. A dropt, as in 
 Rura from "Apovgct ; and e 
 changed into e 9 as in Fera from 
 c £ypog. 
 
 Metoche, participation. Me- 
 
 Metoposcopos, a physiogno- 
 mist. MsTwirovKoiros. 
 
 Metor, J measure. I mea- 
 sure out the ground for pitching 
 a camp or for building. See 
 Metior. ^[ Al. from meta. 
 
 Metreta, a measure of wine, 
 &c. MsrpYjTYjg. 
 
 Metricus, metrical. Msrgi- 
 
 Metropolis, the mother city 
 of any country. MqrgoVoAi£. 
 Metrum, metre. Msrpov. 
 
 1 Wachter in Maehen. 
 
 Metuo, I fear. Fr. metas, 
 dat. metui. 
 
 Metus, fear. Fr. perisco, ju.s~ 
 new, or psTsoo, [astm, to remit, re- 
 lax. As oxvos is fr. e^oo, to hold 
 back ; pf. mid. oj^a, whence 
 o%vo$, oxvo$. ^f Or for methus, 
 (as puTeo from ttuOsco, paTior 
 from notQsco,) fr. poQog, explained 
 byHesychius (inter alia) by <po'- 
 fiog, fear. O into E, as in 
 gEnu from yOvv. 
 
 Mens, my. Fr. me> as from 
 Tg is tso£, and from I is ko$. 
 
 Mica, a little piece, crumb, 
 grain. From mice a from joujcxos, 
 r h small. 
 
 Mico, I have a tremulous 
 motion, quiver, palpitate, vi- 
 brate. Applied to rays of light, 
 it means to sparkle, glitter, 
 flash. Mico was applied also 
 to a game in which persons 
 moved their fingers up and down 
 very swiftly, and guessed each 
 at the number of the other. Fr. 
 mica, which is explained by 
 Forcelliui (inter alia) lt minu- 
 tissimum auri ramentum, ut quag 
 in arena refulgent." In 
 this case the sense of quivering 
 will be secondary, arising from 
 the sparkling produced by the 
 vibration of helmets, spears, &c. 
 % But, as I in Mica is long, mico 
 will be better perhaps referred 
 to a verb pico, to move ; pf. /xi- 
 pixa, jft/xa. Mico would be allied 
 to pow, whence Blomfield de- 
 rives Moveo. That the notion of 
 motion is inherent in the verbp'co, 
 (whence [uvvb$, (jmvvQcq, &c.) may 
 gain further confirmation from 
 its being explained by Donnegan 
 "to wear by motion." Also, 
 
262 
 
 MI G 
 
 MIN 
 
 from this verb pica, pp. fxs^i^on, 
 is perhaps /xTjxoc, which is ex- 
 plained by Lennep, "genus car- 
 minis lascivi, quod gesticula- 
 tione et motu corporis expri- 
 mebant histriones." 
 
 Migdilybs, a Carthaginian of 
 Libyan and Tyrian extraction. 
 Fr. plylyv, in a mixed manner ; 
 and Aufc, Lybian. 
 
 Migro : See Appendix. 
 
 Mihi, to me. For mohi, from 
 /xot, /xoV, mot, mohi. Wachter 
 has noticed some German words, 
 where the H has been added in 
 the middle. So Lat. aPIenus. 
 % Or from jxo» was formed jtwipi, 
 (as in vavtpi,) whence moiphi, 
 mo'ihi, (as veHo is for veCHo,) 
 whence mihi. See Tibi. 
 
 Miles, a soldier. Fr. oplXoc, 
 a troop of soldiers. 'OfuAsw, 
 says Damra, is properly a mili- 
 tary word. Homer: h xpw- 
 toktiv bpiXsi. Thucydides : rov 
 •7f\s~httov opikov Tcov \J//Acov. And : 
 6 8= 7toXvc opiKo$ y.a\ <JTpa.Tia>TY\$. 
 O omitted, as in Dentes from 
 v 05ovtcj, Ramus from *0§up- 
 vog. 51 -Al* from mi lie or 
 mile. Eutropius : u Mille pug- 
 natores delegit Romulus, quos 
 a numero milites appellavit." 
 . Haigh : " Because the legion at 
 first consisted of three thousand ; 
 each tribe furnishing a thou- 
 sand." 1 
 
 Miliaria, a kind of linnet. 
 
 1 Al. from fa.77, a troop, whence £\.??|, 
 turmarius. M added, as some suppose 
 also in Mars, Mons. Dacier : " Mena- 
 gius ait miles esse a juiAa|, popularis. 
 In veteribus Glossis: Populares, orpa- 
 riurrai." But where is (xi\a^ found ? Is 
 it for fyu'Aa! fr. '6/*i\os ? 
 
 As feeding on millet. Varro : 
 u Ficedulee et miliaria dictae a 
 cibo, quod altera? fico, altera? 
 milio fiant pingues." 
 
 Militia, the service (militi) 
 of a soldier. 
 
 Milium : See Appendix. 
 
 Mille and Mile, a thousand. 
 Millia or milia appears to 
 come from pvpict, ten thousand. 
 As kslPiov, liLium. ^f Al. from 
 %/Aia. 
 
 Milliarkun, a mile stone. 
 Fr. millia, i. e. millia passuum. 
 As marking an interval of a 
 thousand paces. Also, a pillar 
 placed by Augustus at the top 
 of the Roman Forum ; from 
 which pillar the miles were 
 reckoned on the various roads. 
 
 Milliarium, oftener Milia- 
 rium, a caldron. As being of 
 immense [bulk, and of a (mille) 
 thousand pound weight. 
 
 Milvinus, ravenous, like the 
 (milvus) kite. 
 
 Milvus, Miluus, Milius, a 
 kite. Fr. apeba%p(? ungentle, 
 says Lyttleton. Hence amilchus, 
 and amilvus, as perhaps malVa 
 from jUrgAcLXV], and breVis from 
 (SgxXvg. Then amilvus became 
 milvus, as* Arams Rams, Arura 
 Rura. 
 
 Mimallones, priestesses of 
 Bacchus. A/jjxaAAcvs?. 
 
 Mimas, a mimic, gesticulator; 
 a mimical performance, buf- 
 foonery, farce, &c. iHiftoj. 
 
 Mma, an Attic com. Soft 
 for /xva. 
 
 Mines, threats. See Minor. 
 
 Mince murorum, pinnacles, 
 battlements. A minando, i.e. 
 eminendo. Virgil : " Hinc at- 
 
M1N- 
 
 -MIN 
 
 263 
 
 que hinc vastae rupes, geminique 
 minantur In ccelum scopuli." 
 Or from mineo. 
 
 Mineo, I hang over. Fr. 
 miii(Z. 
 
 Minerva, Minerva. " It has 
 been traced," says Jamieson, 
 *' to Gothic minni, ingenium, 
 sapientia, minnas, meminisse." 
 % Or, as Quintilian states that 
 it was anciently written Menerva, 
 it is perhaps fr. meneo, whence 
 memirri, and commiriiscor. As 
 the Goddess of memory or of in- 
 vention, ^f " Vel a jugo tex- 
 torio cui stamen circumvolvitur, 
 quod Hebraeis menor. Vel k\Lk- 
 <rci)$ a manar, texere." W. 1 
 
 Minerval, a present or fee 
 given to a teacher. From Mi- 
 nerva, who presided over genius 
 and learning. 
 
 Mingo, I make water. Fr. 
 ofju^sa), o^t^cio, whence micho (as 
 Dentes from v Ohvrsg,') then migo 
 and mingo, as in Lingo, ^f AI. 
 from Anglo-Sax. micgan. 
 
 Minimus, least. Fr. minor. 
 
 Minister, a servant. Fr. 
 minor, minus. Compare Ma- 
 gister. a 
 
 Ministro, I serve ; I supply, 
 afford. Fr. minister, ri. 
 
 Minitor, I threaten. Fr. 
 minor. 
 
 Minium, vermilion. Perhaps 
 a Spanish word. Propertius : 
 " UtMaeoticanix minio si certat 
 Ibero." Justin supposes that 
 
 1 '' Minerva, quasi fiwepyn. A fxvvn, 
 irpoffTpoir^, Arcadio. Hortatrix operum. 
 Lanificii enira prseses, ideoque ipydvr] 
 dicta." Isaac Voss. But why V for G ? 
 
 2 Al. for manister fr. mantis. 
 
 it gave the name to the river 
 Minho in Spain. Vitruvius re- 
 verses the reasoning : " Minium 
 et indicum nominibus ipsis in- 
 dicant, quibus in locis procre- 
 antur." 
 
 Mino, as, I threaten. «See 
 Minor. 
 
 Mino, as, I drive. " Nam 
 mince sunt etiam voces, quibus 
 bubulci increpant boves, et ad 
 progrediendum hortantur." F. 
 So Ovid : " Addiscam Getici 
 qua? norunt verba juvenci, As- 
 suetas il lis adjiciamque minus." 
 So Increpo is used. Tibullus : 
 " Aut stimulo tardos jncre- 
 puisse boves." Vossius ob- 
 serves that hence is Belg. men- 
 nen. 1 
 
 Minor, less. For mior, fr. 
 pslciov. As LeNis for Lei's from 
 Asloc. ^[ Al. from pivb$ i. e. 
 fuvvog, small. 
 
 Minor, I threaten. For menor, 
 as Liber for Leber. Menor from 
 pevo$ 9 rage, or from a verb psvao- 
 ftai,fAevcjQf/,a.i,or[AzvsoiJ,c(i,[j,svQVfAcii, 
 formed from it. ^f Al. from 
 Germ, meinen, (allied to our 
 word To mean, and perhaps to 
 jxlvo£, the mind,) explained by 
 Wachter : i* signilicare, cogitata 
 sermone vel alio signo demon- 
 strare." Minor is sometimes 
 used in a good sense. Horace : 
 u Atqui vultus erat multa et 
 prseclara minantis." Haigh re- 
 fers minor to ju,sv«a>, (whence 
 pvuco,) to put in mind. 
 
 Minotaurus, the Minotaur, a 
 
 1 Wachter refers mino to Celt, menn, 
 a place : *' Minare nihil aliud est quam 
 de loco in locum ducere." 
 
<264 
 
 M1N' 
 
 MIS 
 
 monster. From Minos and tau- 
 rus or Taurus. See the fable 
 as explained by Lempriere. 
 
 Minuo, I lessen. Fr. minus. 
 See Minor. % Or fr. pwvoc, 
 small ; or from a verb [aivucd, 
 whence pyuta, I lessen. 
 
 Minurio, Mmurizo, I chirp, 
 twitter. Miwpl^oo. 
 
 Minutal, anything very (mi- 
 nutum) small. Meat cut small, 
 minced meat. 
 
 Minutus, made less; made 
 small ; small. Fr. minuo. 
 
 Mlraculum, a wonder. Fr. 
 miror. As Speeto, Spectaculum. 
 
 Mirio, a distorted or de- 
 formed person. Fr. miror. 
 One whom we wonder at. Or 
 from mira, i. e. monstra. 
 
 Mirmillo, a kind of gladiator. 
 Fr. fU)p(jLv\0Sj which in iElian 
 is a kind of fish, which these 
 gladiators had engraved as a 
 sign on their shields. Festus 
 says that one gladiator was wont 
 to attack another in these words: 
 " Non te peto, piscem peto : 
 quid me fugis, Galle 1" 
 
 Miror, I wonder, am as- 
 tonished at. Fr. psipopai, I am 
 divided. That is, 1 am dis- 
 tracted in my mind, stupefied, 
 astonished. Virgil : " Animuru 
 nunc hue eel erem, nunc dividit 
 illuc." Homer has pippEpot ep- 
 yot, splendid works. Meppspu 
 appears to be a reduplication 
 for jtxspa fr. psipco, fut. fxspcu, I 
 divide. " Meplfyiv" says Hem- 
 sterhuis, u de cogitationibus di- 
 visis et distractis dicitur." 1 
 
 ' Haigh refers miror to mirus, and mi- 
 rus to Ifielpw, to desire, 
 
 Miscellus, mixed, promiscu- 
 ous. Fr. misceo. 
 
 Misceo, I mix. Soft for 
 misgeo fr. jxta-yeco. 
 
 Miser, wretched. From pJ- 
 <juqo$, (or perhaps a word [xvas- 
 go$,) abominable, detestable, de- 
 spicable, and therefore wretched. 
 One of the meanings given by 
 Johnson to Wretched is " de- 
 spicable, hatefully contempti- 
 ble." Compare a Wretch with 
 Wretched. 2 
 
 Miser eo, Miser eor, the same 
 as Miseror. 
 
 Miseria, wretchedness. Fr. 
 miser. 
 
 Miseror, I pity. That is, I 
 am (miser) wretched on account 
 of another, I am wretched with 
 one who is wretched, 1 weep 
 with one who weeps. 
 
 Misi, pf. of mitto. Soft for 
 mitsi. So missum for mitsum. 
 
 Misstcius miles : " Qui mis- 
 sionem honestam impetravit, vel 
 confectis stipendiis missione do- 
 nandus est." F. 
 
 Missus, a course or turn at a 
 fight of wild beasts. That is, 
 one sending or turning of them 
 out. From mitto, mitsum, mis- 
 sum. 
 
 Missa, the service of the Mass. 
 From Hebr. missah, an obla- 
 tion. 3 
 
 2 Al. from juktw, to hate. But I is 
 long. IF Al. soft for miger fr. /xvyephs, 
 i£oI. of fioyepbs, miserable. 
 
 3 This derivation, as Wachter observes, 
 is much more suitable than another, which 
 he thus states : " Ab initio erat missio 
 catechumenorum aliomnique, quibus S. 
 ccenamex disciplina veteris Ecclesias nee 
 parlicipare nee spectare licebat: quos, ut 
 
MIT- 
 
 MOD 
 
 0,65 
 
 Mitigo, I soften. Fr. mitis, 
 as Levis, Levigo. 
 
 Mitis, soft, tender, gentle, 
 meek. Fr. pefiiTcii pp. of fxla), 
 (whence pivvog, pivuQco,) which 
 Hesychius interprets by saQico, to 
 eat : properly, to make small by 
 biting. Or from a word ju,s/o>, 
 pefji.enai : or even from /x,sioa>, 
 
 [ASiCJO, 
 
 hence 
 
 (ItSlCOTOS, [X,SIT0$. 
 
 (See Lima.) Mitis is thus said 
 of things which are fit to eat. 
 Virgil : " Sunt nobis mitia po- 
 ma." % Al. for mithis, as la- 
 Teo from Ku&soo, puTeo from 
 wy ©ecu. Mithis from neiQoo, 
 persuasion, yieldingness, whence 
 pithiSy yielding, tender ; and, 
 applied to what is soft in eating, 
 yielding to the teeth. Hence 
 mithis, P and M being com mu- 
 table. Vossius: "The iEoli- 
 ans said Moltu> for I1cltu>, MuQov- 
 <rot for nuQouo-a." See Multus. 
 Or thus : pithis, pitis, mitis. ^f 
 Haigh : " Fr. ^ul^, from pei- 
 Saco, to smile/' In Homer we 
 have $jAojUfc6/&}5 'AQpotilrvi. % Al. 
 from fjt,ei\ixTo$, {[xeiKTog,) softened. 
 
 Mitra, a turban, &c. Mir pa. 
 
 Mitto, I send, send away, 
 &C Fr. jKsrtsa), (jletio), or pereco, 
 psTw, I cast. When Herodotus 
 says, 'jEwsav vaVrov hoc 8sAea<r>j %ep\ 
 clyKKTTgov, jxsr/st \c, jxeVov tov tto- 
 raju-ov, /xst/si is " casts or sends." 
 
 Mitulus, a limpet. MhuXog. 
 
 discederent, hisce verbis, quae etiamnum 
 obtinent, praemonitos ferunt, Ite, missa 
 est, i. e., discedite, missio vobis iadici- 
 tur. Postea vocera aiunt usurpari coep- 
 tam pro ipsis raysteriis, quorum causa: 
 catachumeni erant dimissi, h. e. pro ce- 
 lebratione sacrae Eucharistiae." 
 
 Etym. 
 
 Mixtus, mixed. Fr. migo, 
 mixi, from ft'iyca, fu£a>. 
 
 Mnemosyne, the mother of 
 the Muses. " Fr. jtx,v*j/x,ocruy>j, me- 
 mory, by the aid of which the 
 arts and sciences are learned 
 and preserved." F. Mnemosyna 
 is used for the Muses them- 
 selves. 
 
 Mnester, a suitor. Mi/yjor^. 
 
 Mobilis, moveable ; easy to 
 be moved or to move. For move- 
 bilis fr. moveo. Or for motabi- 
 lis fr. moto. 
 
 Mocosus, ludicrous. Fr. jhw- 
 xo$, ridicule. 
 
 Moderatus, temperate, mode- 
 rate. That is, governed, re- 
 strained within due bounds. Fr. 
 moderor. 
 
 Moderor, I regulate, restrain, 
 govern. Fr. modus. That is, 
 1 keep within due bounds. 
 
 Modestus, moderate; modest, 
 i.e. moderate in one's preten- 
 sions or desires. F7. modus, as 
 Funus, Funestus. 
 
 Modicus, moderate, sober; 
 also, middling, ordinary, little, 
 &c. Fr. modus. 
 
 Modius, Modium, a Roman 
 measure. Fr. p.6foog, which is 
 used by Dinarchus. ^f Al. 
 from jas/xoSa pf. mid. of pshcjo, I 
 rule, regulate. This is indeed 
 the derivation of potiios. % Al. 
 from modus. 1 
 
 Modo, only. Cicero : " Non 
 modo [non] facere, sed ne cogi- 
 tare quidem." Modo facere, is 
 " only to do :" and modo is pro- 
 perly the ablative of modus, 
 
 1 u Gr. (jloSios, Germ, mut , Belg. mud, 
 Welsh mi." W. 
 
 2 L 
 
266 
 
 MOD 
 
 •MCER 
 
 which expresses a limit and 
 bound. Again, modo is/ provi- 
 ded that, i. e. but only in such 
 and such a case. " He shall do 
 so, (modo) provided he acts 
 well." He shall do so only on 
 those terms and within that re- 
 gulation. Again, modo is but 
 just now. Cicero : " Nuper 
 . . . . : et quid dico nuper ? im- 
 mo vei6 modo ac plane paulo 
 ante vidimus qui forum orna- 
 rent." Here modo limits and 
 circumscribes the time. Vos- 
 sius explains it •* intra brevicu- 
 lum durationis modum." So 
 modo is only just for the present 
 time. So, when Terence says, 
 ■ e Modo ait, modo negat;" he 
 means, " He says so just for the 
 moment or hour, and just for 
 the next moment or hour he 
 says otherwise." 
 
 Modulor, I regulate, measure, 
 harmonize. Fr. modulus. 
 
 Modulus, a measure, rule. 
 Fr. modus. 
 
 Modus, a rule, measure, me- 
 thod, way ; measure in music, 
 tune, note ; measure, quantity ; 
 rule, limit, bound. Fr. ps^o- 
 Sapf. mid. of jbMe&», to rule, go- 
 vern. Whence Metiipvov and Me- 
 dimnus. ^f " From Hebrew 
 MDD, whence MDH, mea- 
 sure." Ainsw. 
 
 Modus, a mood or mode. 
 Scheller: "Verbs have four 
 modes. Properly speaking, the 
 verb has no modes, but ex- 
 presses the modes of the action 
 deuoted by the verb. The ac- 
 tion expressed by the verb may 
 happen in four ways or modes, 
 indicative, subjunctive, impera- 
 
 tive, infinitive. These names 
 are not very accurate." Black : 
 " Modus is used to signify the 
 different manners of conju- 
 gating verbs, agreeably to the 
 different actions or affections to 
 be expressed, as showing, com- 
 manding, &e." 
 
 Mozckus, an adulterer. Moi- 
 
 Mcenera: See Munus. 
 
 Mcznia, walls, rampart. " Fr. 
 maen, a stone, rock ; which 
 word has been left the Welsh 
 by the Celts." W. ^ Or mce- 
 nia is for niceria fr. mcere, the 
 same as mcerus. So doNum 
 is perhaps for do Rum fr. dwgov. 
 ^f Al. for munia fr. upuw, to 
 repel. Somewhat as A urea 
 for Orea. Some suppose that 
 Moerus also is for Minus. 
 
 Mcera, a degree of a sign in 
 the Zodiac. Fr. fxolpoc, a divi- 
 sion. 
 
 Mcereo, M&reo, I grieve, la- 
 ment. Fr. poipot, translated by 
 Donnegan (inter aiia) " hard 
 fate." That is, from a verb 
 [t,oipeco, I am under hard fate or 
 misfortune, I grieve. " Deplo- 
 ro tyjv fAoipav," says Scheide. 
 If Al. from apoipeco, I am un- 
 lucky, unfortunate. A dropt, 
 as in Rura from "Apovgot. ^[ 
 Al. from yApoiga, pf. mid. of 
 fielpco, to divide. Ovid : " Di- 
 vi dor baud aliter qudm si mea 
 membra relinquam." 1 
 
 Moerus, a wall. FY. peyoipci 
 pf. mid. of pslpco, to divide. 
 
 1 Al. from ixvpofiai, to weep. Goth. 
 mauman, allied to our mourn, is to 
 grieve. And Germ, murren. 
 
MCES- 
 
 MOL 
 
 26'7 
 
 This is, a partition. % But 
 Scaliger thus : " A potpu, pars. 
 Quod quisque pro parte sua 
 muros extrueret, reficeret, ser- 
 varet." 
 
 Mastus, sad. Fr. mareo, 
 marsi, marstum, mast urn, as 
 Torreo, Tostum. 
 
 Mola, a mill. MuXyj. Also, 
 a cake made of salt, and 
 corn bruised (mo/a) by a mill 
 and used in sacrifices. Also, 
 a mole or false conception. 
 Vossius : (i Ex gravitate et rao- 
 tus difficultate, quasi lapis ges- 
 taretur molaris." h is however 
 from Gr. ftoXq, which is so used. 
 
 Moldres (denies), the grin- 
 ders. Fr. molo, to grind. 
 
 Moles, a huge mass or bulk, a 
 huge pile or weight ; great toil 
 and difficulty. " Mul in Celtic 
 signifies a heap, a mound. 
 Hence Lat. moles, and Gaelic 
 mulan, a hillock." Sir VV. 
 Drummond. % Or for boles, as 
 Mons for Bons. And as fioXyoc 
 and y,o?s.yog are interchanged. 
 Boles from |8c5Ao^ a mass. ^J 
 A I. from poXog, toil ; whence 
 pokig, with difficulty. That is, 
 from jKoOAoc, poetic form of //,0- 
 Ao£, as vou<ro£ of voVof. Jn this 
 case toil is the primary meaning 
 of moles, and from it proceeds 
 that of a huge mass or bulk, 
 from its ponderousness and diffi- 
 culty of being moved. ^[Haigh 
 refers to pibkog, a mole, harbour. 
 
 Molestus, troublesome, pain- 
 ful. Fr. moles, toil. As Ne- 
 fas, Nefastus. But O here is 
 
 1 Al. from mola, a mill-stone. From 
 its massiveness. But the is short. 
 
 long. Yet some derive Liicerna 
 from Luceo. ^f Or from poKog, 
 toil. As Funus, Funestus. ^f 
 Or from mola, a millstone. 
 From the toil attendant on grind- 
 ing with the millstone. So Tionog, 
 toil, is derived fr. hoWco, fut. 2. 
 no™. Da mm : " Corn among 
 the ancients was broken by bat- 
 tering it : and from the trouble- 
 some labor of battering corn all 
 troublesome labor was called 
 
 XOTTOg. 
 
 MoTimen, attempt, effort. Fr. 
 molior. 
 
 Molior, I toil, labor, at- 
 tempt or aim at doing what is 
 laborious ; I move or stir any- 
 thing with great exertion. That 
 is, ago aut moveo aliquid magna 
 mole. Also, I build, raise. 
 That is, slatuo molem. Or it 
 is properly, I raise (magna mole) 
 with great toil. Virgil : " Tantae 
 molis erat Romanam condere 
 gen tern/' Hence, like Struo, 
 molior is to contrive, plan, pro- 
 ject. Molior has also the op- 
 posite sense of pulling down and 
 overthrowing. Here it seems 
 to be put for demolior. As 
 Populor for Depopulor. 
 
 Mollis, soft. For mobilis, 
 easy to be moved. That is, 
 pliant, flexible. ec Qudd mollia 
 facile trahanlur et moveantur 
 in quamcunque partem." Pe- 
 rott. In Virgil, Georg. % 389, 
 " Oscilla ex alta suspendunt 
 mollia pinu," Heyne inter- 
 prets mollia by mobilia. So in 
 3, 76, " Altius ingreditur et 
 mollia crura reponit," Ceruti 
 interprets mollia by mobilia. 
 In 3, 165, we have: «' Dum 
 
26S 
 
 MOL- 
 
 MON 
 
 faciles animi juvenum, dum 
 mobilis aetas." Mobilis,moblis, 
 mollis. 1 
 
 Mollusca nux, a kind of nut. 
 Macrobius : " Mollusca nux 
 dicta est, quod omnibus nucibus 
 mollior sit." 
 
 Molo, I grind. Fr. mola. 
 
 Mblossi canes, mastiffs, dogs 
 from the Molossi, a people of 
 Epirus. Xenophon has MoXot- 
 rixcti xvvs$. 
 
 Molossus, a foot like mol- 
 lesco. MoAoercro?. 
 
 Molybdis, a plummet. Mo- 
 XujS&fe. 
 
 Momen, motion, impulse. 
 For movimen fr. moveo. 
 
 Momentum, motion, impulse; 
 impulsive force, actuating power. 
 For movimentum fr. moveo. 
 Also, change ; inclination to 
 change position ; power operat- 
 ing to produce change. Weight, 
 power, influence, motive, as 
 tending to move and affect the 
 mind. A moment of time, as 
 being continually in motion. 
 Possibly some of the meanings 
 of momentum point to molimen- 
 tum fr. molior. 
 
 Mondchus, a monk. Mqvol- 
 
 Monas, unity. Movotg. 
 
 Monastcrium, a monastery. 
 MovcLQ-rygiov. 
 
 Monaulos, a simple pipe. Mov- 
 av\o$. 
 
 Monedula, a jack-daw. For 
 monetula, from its supposed 
 
 1 Al. from naXcuebs, soft ; whence juo- 
 Koichs, as Mo\6x>l is the same as MaXaxn- 
 See Culmus. From fjioAoubs, fioKicbs is 
 mollis, as from KoAwrbs, KoAvbs is Collis. 
 IT Al. from fxaXbs, soft. 
 
 fondness for (monetd) coin. 
 Cicero : u Non plus aurum tibi 
 quam monedula committebant." 
 Pliny : " Monedularum, cui 
 soli avi furacitas auri argentique 
 praecipue mira est." % Al. from 
 moneo. " Ab auguribus quos 
 moneret in captandis auguriis." 
 V. 
 
 Moneo, I put in mind, ad- 
 vise, admonish. See Memini. 
 
 Moneris, a ship of one bank 
 of oars. MovypYis. 
 
 Monet a, money coined ; also, 
 a mint for coining. As Rubeta 
 is from Rubus, so moneta may 
 be from moneo. The object of 
 stamping money must have been 
 to give information either of the 
 date or of the value of the money 
 coined, or of both. Vossius : 
 te Quia nota inscripta monet nos 
 auctoris et valoris." Ainsworth : 
 " The stamp was anciently the 
 effigies of some God, that look- 
 ing on it they might be put in 
 mind of the deity." ^f Tooke : 
 " Mint and money are the past 
 participle of the Anglo-Sax. 
 mynegian, myngian, notare, to 
 mark, or to coin. The Latin 
 moneta is the past participle of 
 the same Anglo-Saxon verb." 
 The Anglo-Sax. my net (whence 
 our Mint,) was coin, and mynet- 
 smitha was a place for striking 
 
 coin. 
 
 2 However, Wachter derives these from 
 the Latin. Whether his reason is valid, 
 the reader will judge : "j Nam primis tem- 
 poribus Germani aurum et argentum sig- 
 natum non habebant nee desiderabant ; 
 exceptis Rheno proximis, a quibus voca- 
 bulum hodiernum videtur confictum." 
 % Others affirm that moneta is called from 
 its being stamped in the temple of Juno 
 
MON- 
 
 MOR 
 
 2,69 
 
 Monile, a necklace. From 
 Celt, muinnal, 1 the neck. 
 ^f Isaac Vossius refers to povvbg 
 in Pollux, ^f Or it is from mo- 
 neo. " Quia virtutis et digni- 
 tatis monumentum et signum fo- 
 ret." V. Somewhat as the 
 Torques was given to Manlius. 
 Or monile may refer to some- 
 thing like the Catholic rosaries 
 or Jewish phylacteries. lie, as 
 Cubo, Cubile. 
 
 Mono : The words be- 
 ginning with Mono are all from 
 the Greek. Movog, alone : &c. 
 
 Mons, a mountain, high hill. 
 Fr. (Sovvog, a hill. Luke : U«v 
 opog xa) (Sovvog Tonr$woo$y]<rsTOLi. 
 Donnegan translates /3ouvos<5^, 
 " mountainous, hilly." Fr. 
 fiovvbg, JEol. /3covd£, (as povaroi, 
 iEbl. [xuxrot ; and /3ou£, iEol. 
 /3w£,) is bom, (as rivog, Gens), 
 whence for softness mons. BoX- 
 yog and pokyog were the same. 
 So (36g[j,Yil; and puppy^. ^[ Or 
 from mineo, minitum, minium, 
 as sOntis from cIvt^s. ^j Al. 
 from opog, Vopog, whence vors, 
 and vons, (as perhaps from Tlo- 
 gog, Pors, is Pons,) whence* for 
 softness mons. So some derive 
 Mars from" A p^. 
 
 Monstro, I inform, point out, 
 
 Moneta, who was called, t-hey say, from 
 admonishing the Romans to sacrifice a 
 sow. And Suidas tells the story, that, 
 when the Romans wanted money to carry 
 on the war with Pyrrhus, they prayed to 
 Juno, who instructed them that, if they 
 were just in their wars, they should not 
 want money : and that they thence called 
 her Juno Moneta, and decreed that the 
 coin of the repuhlic should be struck in 
 her temple. This is all fable. 
 
 u Classical Journal, No. 5, P. 122. 
 
 show. Fr. moneo, monsi, mon- 
 sum, whence monsitro, (as from 
 Calce is Calcitro,) then mon- 
 stro. 
 
 Monstrum, a prodigy, mon- 
 ster. Fr. monstro. As point- 
 ing out or indicating the will of 
 the Gods or future events. 
 The Gentiles, says Forcellini, 
 thought that everything extra- 
 ordinary and unusual portended 
 some future event. Cicero : 
 " Quorum vim verba ipsa, pru- 
 denter a majoribus posita, de- 
 clarant : quia enim ostendunt, 
 portendunt, monstrant, pro- 
 dicunt ; ostenta, portenta, mon- 
 stra, prodigia dicuntur." 
 
 Monumentum, that which 
 puts us in mind or advises us 
 of any event, as a statue, se- 
 pulchre, book, &c. From mo- 
 neo. So Documentum. 
 
 Mora, delay, hindrance. For 
 mona fr. \lovt\. As diRus fr. 
 faiNog. ^[ Or from pspogct pf. 
 mid. of pelpca, to divide, dis- 
 tract. From the distraction of 
 the mind from the object in pur- 
 suit. Or from the notion of 
 division of time, i. e. interval 
 and space. Valerius: " Deus 
 ipse moras spatiumque in- 
 dulged amori." ^f Teuton, mer- 
 ren is to delay ; Anglo-Sax. me* 
 ran is to hinder. 
 
 Mora, a division of the Spar- 
 tan soldiers. Mopa. 
 
 Mordtus, endued with (mo- 
 res) manners good or bad. 
 Also said of pieces in which the 
 manners of the characters are 
 well represented. 
 
 Morbonia } a place full (mor- 
 bi) of disease ; any horrid place. 
 
270 
 
 MOR- 
 
 MOR 
 
 Morbus, a disease. Fr. \lo- 
 po$, which Hesychius explains 
 (inter alia) by vo<ro$. Hence 
 popVog, morvus, for softness 
 morbus. Or from p6po$ is mo- 
 rivus, morvus, morbus, as Su- 
 pereo, Superivus, Supervus, 
 Supeibus. See Arvum. 
 
 Mordeo, J bile. Also, I 
 prick, sting ; hence, I say sting- 
 ing things about another, I 
 slander. Fr. pslpoo, 1 divide ; 
 especially, with the teelh ; pp. 
 ft.s[jt.Q(>Tou t whence jxofl&jv. Com- 
 pare ten Do. So ayJgAoo. And 
 thus, as Haigh observes, from 
 ya.va.ai and yavioa are yavZaw and 
 ycu/liw, whence Candeo. 
 
 Mordicus, with the teelh. 
 Fr. mordeo. That is, by biting. 
 
 31 or el urn, a kind of sal lad. 
 Fr. aapvfriv, divided, fr. /xoplw, 
 pspopviTai, The Latins call it for 
 a somewhat like reason Intri- 
 tum. 1 
 
 Morigeror, I humor, please. 
 That is, 7U01 em gero. 
 
 Morio, a fool. Fr. pctipiwv, fr. 
 pcupoc. 
 
 Morior, I die. Fr ^opog, 
 death. 
 
 Mormyr, a species of fish. 
 Moppvpoe. 
 
 Morologus, babbling. Mcopo- 
 Koyoc. 
 
 Moror, I delay. See Mora. 
 
 Moror, I am siiiy. Fr. pw- 
 poopzi, [j,wpovf£at. 
 
 Morosus, difficult to please, 
 fro ward, &c. Qui sui moris 
 est. 
 
 1 Al. from (jlv(T'xt6v. But the change 
 is too viulent. 
 
 Morpheus, Morpheus. Mop- 
 
 Mors, death. Fr. popo;, 
 which is explained by Hesychius 
 Qavurog. As rsvo$, Gens. *jj 
 Others refer it to mortis, this 
 to psfjiopTai pp. of pstpcji), to di- 
 vide ; pf. mid. [jjpopa, whence 
 pogo$. " Oplitne competit mor- 
 ti, quia animam e corpore se- 
 parat," says Wachter. z 
 
 Morsus, a bile, bit. Fr. 
 mordeo, mordsam, morsum. 
 
 Morta, fate. Fr. pop-)), ex- 
 plained by Hesychius poipot. 
 
 Morlalis, mortal. Fr. mor- 
 tis. 
 
 Mortarium, a mortar. Fr. 
 pepoprai pp. of pslpw, to divide. 
 Johnson defines a Mortar " a 
 vessel in which materials are 
 broken by being pounded 
 with a pestle." Others think 
 mortarium put for moretarium 
 from more turn. That is, a ves- 
 sel in which herbs are bruised 
 which are fit for making salad. 
 Mortarium is also a vessel in 
 which mortar is made. " A 
 similiiudine ejus, quod planum 
 lalumque habet fund urn." F. 
 So also it is ihe mortar itself. 
 
 Mortuus, dead. Fr. moritus 
 (mortus,) fr. morior. As Fa- 
 tuus 5 Arobiguus, Mutuus. Or 
 from moritus, mortius. ^f Al. 
 
 2 Yet Tooke lias the rashness to put 
 Mors in a catalogue of words, " of which," 
 he says, '' the serious and elaborate ac- 
 counts given by the Latin etymologists 
 will cause to those who consult them 
 either great disgust or great entertain- 
 ment, according to the disposition and 
 humor of the enquirer." Tooke himself 
 refers mors to An do -Sax. morel . 
 
MOR- 
 
 MUG 
 
 271 
 
 from mortis. % Al. from p.op- 
 to$, which Hesychius explains 
 Qvy,to$. 
 
 Morulas, blackish. Fr. jw«y- 
 pog, dark. ^T Or fir. morum. From 
 the color of the mulbeiry. 
 
 Morum, a mulberry; a black- 
 berry. Fr. yjpov. % Or from 
 fx,uvpov, dark. 
 
 Moms, a mulberry- tree. Fr. 
 fiopeot. % Or fr. morum. 
 
 Morns, foolish. Mwgog. 
 
 Mos, moris, a manner, way, 
 custom, fashion. Mores are 
 manners, character, morals. 
 Mos is contracted fr. modus, 
 somewhat as Vis from Volis, 
 and Ad from A pud. Modus, 
 mods, mos. So from Super is 
 the French Sur. Horace: "Apis 
 Matinse More modoque." 
 Cicero : " Multa sunt a nobis 
 Carneadeo more et mo do dis- 
 putata." ^[ Al. from vop,o;, vo 
 being neglected. 
 
 Mostellum, a little monster. 
 For monsiellum, from monstrum, 
 as Flagrum, Flagellum. 
 
 Motacilla, a wag-tail. Fr. 
 moto, I move often, wag. Some- 
 what as Navicella. 1 
 
 Moto, I move often. Fr. 
 moveo, movitum, motum. 
 
 Motus,a motion; motion of the 
 body, gesticulation; commotion, 
 tumult; affection of the mind by 
 which it is moved or agitated. 
 Fr. moveo, motum. 
 
 Moveo, I move. For moeo, 
 (as paVio for paio, wodw ; and 
 oVis for ois,) fr. y.ooo or yosco, 
 
 1 "Jnest isti motui libidinis significatio: 
 unrle nivaibov eapropter vocat Galenus. 
 Quid si igitur nomea, quia mutonem cille- 
 at, i. e. penem moveat ?" V. 
 
 allied to ykw, I move on. "The 
 primitive root of y.oyea)" says 
 Blomfield, 2 " was, if I conjec- 
 ture rightly, juoV, whence mo- 
 veo." At least ydQo$, tumult, 
 seems to come from yAco, hy*o- 
 Qyjv, to move, disturb. As Lat. 
 motus. Furthermore, Lennep 
 says : " Mo\ea>, I come ; fr. 
 y,oka), which compare with yJw, 
 pooo, and moveo." Compare 
 Meo. If Haigh : " Fr. yo$eco, 
 fr. yhfog, tumult, [disturbance]/' 
 That is, from yoQew, to disturb, 
 through an iEolic form /xg$sco. 
 
 Mox, immediately ; presently, 
 a little while ago. For movs (as 
 Nix for Nivs, whence Nivis) fr. 
 moveo. Properly, in as short a 
 time as one can move oneself. 
 ^f A\. for mods, i. e. modis, 
 same as Modo. 
 
 Mu, an expression of mut- 
 tering. Mv. 
 
 Muceo, said of things mouldy, 
 flat, or dead. " From the He- 
 brew MK, tabescere, corrum- 
 pi." V. " From Hebr. muk." 
 Tt. ^[ Or fr. yvlotco, whence 
 y,v$ot\io$, mouldy. From pf. 
 pLept,6$aK<x, may have been formed 
 /xu^ajisco, whence y,uxsco, muceo. 
 
 Mucidus, mouldy. Fr. mu- 
 ceo. 
 
 Mucinium, Muccinium, a 
 muckender. Fr. mucus. 
 
 Mucro: See Appendix. 
 
 Mucus, filth of the nose. For 
 mugus fr. ykyuya. pf. mid. of 
 p,i)cr<T(u, I blow the nose. Al. 
 from mugo, whence mungo. 
 
 MugU, a mullet. A s from /au£ a, 
 filth of the nose, is y*v%wv, a 
 
 2 Ad iEsch. Agani. 1614. 
 
272 
 
 MUG- 
 
 MUL 
 
 mullet, because, as Aristotle in- 
 forms us, the mullet fiovxeTcti tyjv 
 pugctv oi$' avTOv ; so from mucus 
 or mugus seems to have arisen 
 mugil. Turton says : " A mu- 
 co, from its viscidity." 
 
 Muginor, I dally, am tardy 
 in doing anything. From /xu?co, 
 pf. mid. pspvyct, to grumble, 
 murmur, f In Glossis Isidori 
 legas, Muginatur, caussatur. 
 Ubi caussari est causas inanes 
 nectere cur obsequi non possis. 
 Quod qui facit, obmurmu- 
 rare videtur." V. ^f Or 
 from mucus or mugus. As 
 fiXevvog is sluggish from /3Aevva, 
 filth of the nose. Or muginor 
 will then mean rather to be silly 
 or stupid in executing a thing. 
 For filth of the nose was 
 thought a mark of stupidity. 
 Hence Horace's expression, 
 " Emunctce naris." So Lucian 
 uses xopu£a (which is properly the 
 same as mucus) in the sense of 
 stupidity : nuvarei as pwqulvov- 
 ra, tyjv noXXyv tccvty\v xogv^xv 
 oc7roj;6<rct;. 
 
 Mugio, I bellow. From the 
 sound mu, whence Gr. [xvxaoo 
 and /xuxw. If Or for mucio fr. 
 pvxaM. G for C, as Lingo for 
 Lincho, Licho, Ai^w. 
 
 Mula, a she-mule. Fr. rnu- 
 lus, as Lupa from Lupus. 
 
 Mulceo, I soften, soothe, ap- 
 pease. Also, I touch gently or 
 stroke with the hand in a sooth- 
 ing manner. As from KuXctpog 
 is Culmus, so from fxakaxbg is 
 milieus, whence mulceo. Or fr. 
 puXcixdu) or paXctxeui is mulceo. 
 See Culmus. ^f s * From Anglo- 
 Sax, milescian" Tooke 
 
 Mulctber, Vulcan. Fr. mul- 
 ceo, i. e. mollio, I soften. " A 
 molliendo ferro," says Festus. 
 <s Quod ignis sit, et omnia mul- 
 ceat ac domet," says Macro- 
 bius. Mulciber, as Faciber, 
 Faber ; &c. 
 
 Mulco, I cudgel, buffet. Fr. 
 ^uXaxdca, /xaAaxw, I soften ; as 
 KuXupos, Culmus. Terence has 
 <f sandalio commitigare ca- 
 put." 5T O r fr° m molo, whence 
 molico, (as Fodio, Fodico,) mol- 
 co, mulco. That is, I grind, 
 bruise, beat. 
 
 Mulcto, Multo, 1 fine; pu- 
 nish. Fr. mulgeo, mulctum, 
 Scheller: " In popular discourse 
 Mulgere aliquem pecunia might 
 be used as Emungere, for Pri- 
 vare. Hence mulcta is properly 
 a participle, mulcta pecunia." 
 Mulgeo may properly mean to 
 squeeze out, as well as to milk, 
 since upzXyw has both these 
 meanings. 1 
 
 Mulctra, a milk-pail. Fr. 
 mulgeo, mulgitum, mulgtum, 
 mulctum. 
 
 Mulgeo, I milk. Fr. a/xsAyco, 
 psXya), pf. mid. juoe/xoXya, whence 
 molgeo, mulgeo, as from Ile<p- 
 Koya, UkqoKyoL is Folgeo, Ful- 
 geo. If " From Anglo-Sax. 
 meolcian" Tooke. 
 
 Muliebris, feminine. Fr. mu- 
 lier. 
 
 1 As from ir\e?(TTOS is irXeiffrripidfa, 
 I set up at a very high rate ; so from 
 multtts some suppose multo might mean 
 to set a high rate of punishment or fine 
 on a criminal action. Plautus has, 
 " Scio scire te Quam multas tecum mise- 
 rias multaverim." But this is a mere 
 pun. From multus how shall we account 
 for the spelling midCto 9 
 
MUL MUL 
 
 273 
 
 Mulier» A [xvWoo, [ivXco, i. q. 
 wtyvitxty- Qua voce utitur 
 Theocritus. Vossius : u MvWoo 
 fortasse olim honestum vocabu- 
 lum fuit, ut alia multa qua; 
 postea turpia facta sunt." ^f Al. 
 a pa\b$ 9 mollis, tener. Ut hU- 
 mus a xApos. 1 
 
 Mullens calceus, and Mullens 
 simply, a kind of shoe or buskin 
 of a red or purple color. From 
 the color of (mullns) the mullet. 
 Ausoniushas "puniceos mul- 
 los." And Ovid " tenui suf- 
 fusum sanguine mullum." 
 Dion, says Dacier, calls this 
 shoe egv$poxgov$ f of a red color. 2 
 
 Mullus : See Appendix. 
 
 Mulsus, mixed with honey. 
 We have Lac mulsum, Aqua 
 mulsa, Vinum mulsum. That 
 is, mulsus melle, softened 
 with honey. From mulceo. % 
 Others take mulsus in an ac- 
 tive sense, softening. Horace : 
 " Leni prajcordia mulso Pro- 
 lueris." 
 
 Multa, a tine. See Mulcto. 
 
 Multifarius, various. Fr. 
 multus, and fari, to speak, like 
 Nfefaiius. As said in many 
 ways. So Donnegan explains 
 
 1 AI. a molo, permolo. Horatius : 
 " Alienas permokre uxores." Sed hoc 
 verbum non satis erat honestum. f Al. 
 a fi6\os, labor. Ob partus laborem. 
 f " Al. ab Hebr. MLA, implere. Quia 
 concipiens impletur. Vel quia implet 
 mundum." V. % Shakspeare's deriva- 
 tion of mulier in Cymbeline is amusing : 
 *' The piece of tender air thy virtuous 
 daughter which we call mollis air; and 
 mollis a'er we term it mulier." 
 
 2 Al. from mullo, to sew; which seems to 
 be no word at all. And what distinction 
 is there in saying that a shoe is sewn ? 
 
 Etym. 
 
 §i<pa<no$ a which is said in two 
 different ways, double. " So 
 
 dlpctTog, Tpltyuios, Tpi$U(TlO$. 
 
 Multifidus, cleft into many 
 parts. ¥r.fido,jindo. As from 
 Figo, Fingo, is Figulus ; from 
 Frago, Frango, is Fragilis. 
 
 Multtplico, I multiply. That 
 is, multiplicem facio, I make 
 manifold, from plico. 
 
 Multttia or Multicia, thin 
 robes finely wrought. For mul- 
 tilicia fr. licium. As composed 
 of many threads. Forcellini 
 objects that, were that the case, 
 they could not have been thin 
 and tine. Some young ladies, 
 whom I have consulted, say that 
 this is not a real objection. In- 
 deed Samite was a vest made of 
 six threads, from ££«jouto£, (as 
 from Exemplum, Example, is 
 Sample,) andyet Spenser sings : 
 "In silken samite she was 
 light array ed." Multicia 
 would in Greek be voXviutu. 
 % " Al. ab ico. Quod genus 
 panni sit pectine probe ictum 
 seu pulsatum." F. 
 
 Multitudo, a multitude. Fr. 
 multus. As Solus, Solitudo. 
 
 Multo: See Mulcto. 
 
 Multus, much, much in num- 
 ber, numerous, many. Fr. mo- 
 les, a mass ; whence molidus, 
 as Gelidus from Gelu ; then mul- 
 tus, as from Stolidus is Stultus. 
 Multus was formerly written 
 moltus. Multus is thus properly 
 great, large; and then is great 
 in number, numerous. Thus 
 Multo labore, Multa nocte, 
 Multo mane, Multa cum liber- 
 tate notabant. So Forcellini 
 explains multus (inter alia) 
 2 M 
 
274 
 
 MUL- 
 
 MUN 
 
 " magnus, vehemens, ingens." 
 And moles u magnitudo aut 
 multitudo cujuslibet rei." 
 Johnson defines Much '* 1. 
 large in quantity, 2. many in 
 number." % Al. from ttoWo- 
 g-to$. And this may be true, if 
 7toX\o(TTOg is ever used for many. 
 But it admits of doubt. For, 
 though in Aristoph. Peace, 559, 
 Brunck translates ttoAAso-tw y$6- 
 vco, " longo post tempore," 
 it is capable of a different version. 
 It is certain that TroXXoa-jog means 
 usually, the very least, as in ovtie 
 noWoo-TOv pepog in Demosthenes. 
 However, from t:o\Xq<tto$, contr. 
 woXcttoj, ttoKtos, would bepoltus, 
 whence moltus. Thus from 
 Posse Wachter derives the Ger- 
 man Mussen, " posse :" and 
 adds : " P and M are letters of 
 the same organ, and consequently 
 commutable." We say Molly 
 and Polly, Meggy and Peggy. 
 If * From Hebr. ML J, pie- 
 nitudo." V. 1 
 
 Mulus, a mule. Fr. pob\v$, 
 dull, stupid. Mulus is used for 
 a blockhead or dunce. Catul- 
 lus : " Mule, nihil sentis." SI 
 into U, as <pflpo$, fUris. ^f Or 
 from poXog, labor, Poet. jxouAoj, 
 as v6(Tog, Poet, voucrof. Pliny 
 calls it " animal viribus in la- 
 bore eximium," ^ The An- 
 glo-Sax. and Welsh is mul : but 
 these are referred by Wachter to 
 the Latin. " Mulus, from 
 Hebr. mul" savs Turton. In 
 
 1 Dacier: " A mulcta, multa, est mul- 
 tus, quod numerando mulcta aestimaretur, 
 et mulctare nuraerare. Mulcta in primis 
 temporibus iu ovibus ct bubus acstimatis 
 constitit." 
 
 Richardson's Arabic Dictionary 
 bughl is a mule. 
 
 Munditia, cleanness. Fr. mun- 
 dus. So Stultitia. 
 
 Mundus, clean, neat. As 
 Mulcto was changed to Multo, 
 munctus might be changed to 
 muntus, which would naturally 
 fall into mundus,, as menTax into 
 menDax. Munctus, like emunc- 
 tuSy would be, emungendo pur- 
 gatus, purged, cleaned, clean. 
 •Forcellini explains emunctus, as 
 used of style, " qui purgat&, ni- 
 tid& nihilque sordidi habente 
 oratione utitur : ab - emunctis 
 naribus et sordium vacuis." 
 
 Mundus, the universe ; the 
 world. Fr. mundus, neat. From 
 the neatness and grace displayed 
 in the arrangement of things. 
 So xoo-pos is the world from 
 x6<rpo$, neatness, elegance. Pli- 
 ny : " Quern xoVju.ov Graeci no- 
 mine ornamenti appellavere, eum 
 nos a perfect**, absolutaque ele- 
 gantia. mundum" Seneca has : 
 " Dum nitidus certas mun- 
 dus evolvet vices." 
 
 Mundus, a lady's ornaments, 
 apparatus, or dress. ie Instru- 
 meutum quo mulieres mundio- 
 res et cultiores fiur.t." F. 
 
 Mundus. In mundo is used 
 for, at hand, ready. Plautus: 
 " Nempe habeo in mundo* 7 
 Forcellini thus accounts for it: 
 " Videtur ductum a mundo mu- 
 liebri ; quia, quae ad corporis 
 cultum pertinent, omnia mulie- 
 res in promptu habent, condunt- 
 que diligenter ut praesto ad usum 
 semper sint." Mundus had a 
 wider signification. Apuleius : 
 " Erant et falces et opera? messo- 
 
MUN' 
 
 MUR 
 
 275 
 
 riae mundus omnis." Here it 
 means apparatus, furniture, tools . 
 "In mundo" might therefore 
 mean, " among my necessary ap- 
 paratus," and therefore, at hand. 
 Or mundus is here an adjective, 
 and " in mundo" is sprucely, 
 nicely, neatly, in good order and 
 fit for use. 
 
 Muntro, I give {munera) 
 presents. 
 
 Mungo, 1 blow or wipe my 
 nose. For mugo, (as N is add-- 
 ed in Frango, Lingo,) ix, {xvyw 
 fut. £. of ju-ucrcra). 
 
 Munia, public offices. Al- 
 lied to munera. 
 
 Mumceps, municipis. Adam : 
 "Besides those who had settled 
 in the Roman territory, the 
 freedom of the city was granted 
 to several foreign towns, which 
 were called municipia, and the 
 inhabitants municipes, because 
 (poterant capere munia seu 
 munera) they might enjoy offices 
 at Rome." Municipes were 
 those also who lived in the same 
 municipium ; and was extended 
 to those who lived in the same 
 country, and meant country- 
 men. 
 
 Munificus, bountiful. Qui 
 munia aut munera facit. 
 
 Munio, 1 fortify, defend. Fr. 
 mcenia. As Punio from Poena. 
 If Al. from apuvu), I defend, 
 repel. A dro.pt, as in Rura from 
 "Agovgot. 
 
 Munis, grateful. That is, 
 doing what is incumbent on us, 
 doing what is our (mume) part 
 and duty. 
 
 Munus, a gift. Also, an 
 office, duty. Munus was for- 
 
 merly mcenus, as pUnio from 
 pGEna. Lucretius uses m(E- 
 nera for mUnera. Haigh: 
 tc Mcenus is from polgct, a por- 
 tion, lot, condition, honor, re- 
 ward, princely power." Molpa, 
 from signifying a portion or lot, 
 might signify either a gift or a 
 task allotted or assigned. Te\o$, 
 we may observe, is used in both 
 these senses. Or mcenus was 
 from a word poipo$ or poigov. 
 Mosnus is thus for mcerus, as 
 perhaps doNum from hcbPov, 
 pleNus from ttXyjPv};. Possibly 
 the N came first into the word 
 murus through the genitive mu- 
 reris, to avoid the repetition of 
 the R: muReris, muNeris. 
 Ainsworth remarks that munia 
 thus flowed : " Mceria, mania , 
 munia" 
 
 Munus, Shows, spectacles, 
 public sights were called mune- 
 ra. As being given as boons to 
 the people by the magistrates. 
 Tertullian explains the funereal 
 (munera) exhibitions as being 
 made as presents and favors to 
 the dead. Public buildings 
 also were called munera, as 
 being, apparently, built as boons 
 to the people, for their utility 
 and good. 
 
 Murcena, a lamprey. Mu- 
 qaivu. 
 
 Murcia, the Goddess pre- 
 siding over the slothful. Fr. 
 murcus. See Murcidus. f| 
 This epithet is applied also to 
 Venus, and some suppose it 
 here put for Murtia from 
 jxwpro^, the myrtle, which was 
 sacred to her. From the fasci- 
 nations then of Venus, which 
 
276 
 
 MUR- 
 
 MUS 
 
 relax the mind and dispose it to 
 an easy inactivity, the indolent 
 are supposed to be called mur- 
 cidi. 
 
 Murcidus, slothful. Fr. /*«- 
 Xaxog, soft, effeminate ; whence 
 mulcus, as Kakotfxog, Culmus. 
 Then murcus, somewhat as 
 siRpe from (riA$i, and as tuR- 
 ban for tuLban. Hence a verb 
 murceo, when murcidus, as 
 Frigeo, Frigidus. ^[ Hesychius 
 says that among the Syracusans 
 lAvpxo$ meant eveog, a<pu)vog, i. e. 
 dumb ; and thence Vossius car- 
 ries on the meaning to " impo- 
 tens, ignavus." 
 
 Murex, a shell-fish, from the 
 juice of which purple was 
 dyed ; hence used for purple 
 and a purple robe. Also a 
 shell in which ointment was put. 
 Also, a trumpet made of a hol- 
 low shell. Also, anything sharp 
 or jagged like the exterior of a 
 shell : as the point of a rock, a 
 jagged bit. So a caltrap, an 
 instrument made with spikes, so 
 that, which way soever it fell to 
 the ground, one of them pointed 
 upwards to wound horses' feet. 
 Fr. /xua£, the edible muscle. R 
 added, as wog, nuRus ; fA0u<r<xwv, 
 musaRum. 
 
 Muria, sauce or pickle made 
 from the tunny or other fish. 
 Also, salt liquor, strong brine. 
 Fr. uXfivpog, salt ; whence dx^v- 
 plu; and, neglecting aX, pvpioL. 
 ^f Or from pupa) or fi.6pofji.on, to 
 flow. Manilius : " Hinc sa- 
 nies pretiosa flu it, floremque 
 cruoris Evomit, et mixto gus- 
 tum sale temperat oris." 
 
 Murmur, uris, a murmur. 
 
 Fr. murmuro, and this from 
 [AoojAvpoo, mormuro. 
 
 Murrha, Myrrha, the mur- 
 rhine stone. Pausanias has 
 xp6(TTctXXo$ xct) poppa. Arrian 
 has ovu^»v>j XiQla Tied fj,ovpphv). 
 Whence murrKinus, made of 
 this stone. 1 
 
 Murus, a wall. From ma- 
 rus, as pUnio from pCEna. ^[ 
 Al. from pun, to block up, to 
 close. 
 
 Mus, a mouse. Mv§. In the 
 genitive muris, from ftuoj, as 
 vvbg, nuRus. 
 
 Musa, a Muse ; hence a song, 
 verse, poetry; and in general 
 learning or literature. Movcra. 
 
 Musagetes, a leader of the 
 Muses. Mov<rciyeTYi$. 
 
 Musca, a fly. Fr. fxvla, 
 whence dimin. /xt/*<noj, musca. 
 Anglo-Sax. mycg, Germ, mucke. 
 % " From Arab, maska." Tt. 
 
 Muscerda, mouse-dung. Fr. 
 mus, and cerno, whence Excre- 
 mentum. 
 
 Muscipula, a mousetrap. Fr. 
 mus, capio. 
 
 Musculus, a little mouse. Fr. 
 mus. Also, a sea fish in its form, 
 which protects the whale. It is 
 described by Claudian, in Eu- 
 trop. II, 425. Also a shed or 
 mantlet used in sieges. Vege- 
 tius : " Vocantur a marinis bel- 
 luis musculi. Nam, quemad- 
 modum illi, cum minores sint, 
 tamen balaenis auxilium admini- 
 culumque jugiter exhibent; ita 
 istae machinaebreviores, deputatae 
 turribus magnis, adventui ilia- 
 
 New Stephens, p. ccclii. 
 
MUS 
 
 MUT 
 
 277 
 
 rum parant viam, itineraque 
 praemuniunt." But Lipsius de- 
 duces this meaning from the 
 common mouse : " Quod instar 
 ejus animalculi foderent sub eo 
 terram. Aut qu6d milites, ut 
 mures, cavum id subirent." 
 Also, a muscle fish. Fr. jt/,S$. 
 And a muscle of the body. 
 Theocritus uses /xu£ in this sense. 
 
 Muscus, musk. Marcos, 
 
 Muscus, moss. Fr. ju-o'ct^os, 
 soft, tender. 1 Ovid: "Molli 
 tellus erat humida musco." ^f 
 Al. from po(Txo$, a young and 
 tender shoot. 
 
 Museum, a place consecrated 
 to the Muses, to learning and 
 the arts. Movcelov. 
 
 Musice, music. Mov<tixy). 
 
 Musicus, skilled in music 
 and in the arts. Mov<rix6$. 
 
 Musimo, Musmo. Pliny : 
 " Est in Hispania non absimile 
 pecori genus musmonum, caprino 
 villo quetm pecoris velleri pro- 
 pius." Strabo : rivovroti svtocvQu 
 ol rpl^u <p6ovTe$ aiysicLv uvt epeet$ 
 xpio), xuXovfAsvoi Se Movcrpovsg. 
 It is of course a Spanish word. 
 
 Musivum, mosaic, tessellated 
 work. For musium fr. ^ovoslov. 
 te A concinnitate et elegantia," 
 says Vossius. " Quasi Musa- 
 rum manibus elaboratum : vel 
 qudd sic saepe exornareutur Mu- 
 sea." Spon. 
 
 Mussito, same as musso. 
 
 Musso, I murmur, mumble. 
 Fr. ju,u£a), il61<tu) 9 mudso, musso. 
 Also, I am silent. Or rather, 
 1 mutter to myself, and not 
 
 1 So used by Homer, II. A. 105. 
 
 openly. However compare 
 Mutus. Mussito is also so 
 used. Terence : " Accipienda 
 et mussitanda injuria adolescen- 
 tium est." Musso is explained 
 by Forcellini, " submiss^ voce 
 loquor, clam murmuro." 
 
 Mustaceus or -urn, a bride- 
 cake. Cato : u Mustaceos sic 
 facito : farina? siligineae modium 
 unum musto conspergito," &c. 
 
 Mustela, a weasel. From 
 mus. From its shape. " Est 
 enim mus longior," says Bee- 
 man, who refers tela to tJjAs, 
 long£. But tela is rather a ter- 
 mination. 
 
 Muslelinus, in color like a 
 weasel. Fr. mustela. 
 
 Musteus, sweet or fresh as 
 (mustum) fresh wine. 
 
 MustuSy new, fresh, young. 
 Hence mustum, i. e. vinum, 
 fresh wine. As Merum for 
 Merum Vinum. Fr. f^oa-^og, 
 tender ; whence mosthus, as Gr. 
 xoCkXa. is Lat. calTHa ; hence 
 mostus, mustus. Wachter: "Per- 
 sian, Anglo-Saxon, Suecian, 
 must ; Belg. most : all from Lat. 
 mustum." 
 
 Mutilus, mutilated. Mlru- 
 Kog, transp. puriXog. 
 
 Mutinus or Mutunus, Pria- 
 pus. A muto, onis. 
 
 Mutio, I mutter. From the 
 sound mu, whence ju.u?o>. % Al. 
 from mutus. 
 
 Mutito, said of persons feast- 
 ing each other by turns. Fr. 
 muto, as Musso, Mussito. 
 From the notion of exchanging 
 or making returns. " Epulas 
 vicissim commuto" F. 
 
 Muto, I change, exchange, 
 
278 
 
 MUT' 
 
 NAC 
 
 interchange. Fr. moveo, movi- 
 tum, whence movito, moito, 
 muto, as Providens, Proidens, 
 Prudens. Motion is change. 
 So Momentum, that' is, Movi- 
 mentum, means change, % Al. 
 from ocfxeuco, I change ; pp. 
 «ftsuraj; dropping A, as in Rura 
 from "Apovpa. 
 
 Muto, onis : See Appendix. 
 
 Mutulus: (< A stay cut out 
 of stone or timber in building to 
 bear up the summer or other 
 part ; in masonry it is called a 
 corbel, in timber- work a bracket. 
 That is, mutilus. Trabs mu- 
 tilaT Ainsw. 
 
 Mutuo, I borrow. That is, 
 mutuum accipio. From the 
 notion of mutually accommo- 
 dating, and alternately lending 
 and borrowing. Cicero : " Mu- 
 tuum in amicitia hoc arbitror, 
 cum par voluntas accipitur et 
 redditur." Or mutuo is said of 
 such borrowing as amounts to 
 an exchanging. " Accipere mu- 
 tuum est ita utendum accipere 
 ut tantundem, non tamen idem, 
 reddatur; et dicitur de pecunia, 
 frumento, &c. quae non reddun- 
 tur eadem, sed idem genus." F. 
 % Varro deduces it, and per- 
 haps rightly, from a Sicilian 
 word /xoTtov, i. e. x<xpi$, a favor. 
 
 Mutus, dumb. Fr. pvlog or 
 ,auT>jj, which Hesychius explains 
 by aipoovog, 
 
 Mutuus, reciprocal, mutual. 
 Fr. muto, I exchange. So Pas- 
 cuus, Irriguus. 
 
 Mygalt, a field-mouse. Mu- 
 
 Myidgrus, a fly-catcher. Mul- 
 uypo$. 
 
 Myoparon, a pirate-vessel. 
 Mvowixpoov. 
 
 Myops, short-sighted. Muanp. 
 
 Myrica, a tamarisk. MvplxY). 
 
 Myrmice, slowly. Fr. /xwg- 
 M%f V-^i an ant « i n motion as 
 slow as an ant. 
 
 Myropola, a perfumer. Mu- 
 
 pOTTUlXviS. 
 
 Myrrha, myrrh. Mvppct. 
 Arab. murr. 
 
 Myrrhinus, scented (myrrhd) 
 with myrrh. 
 
 Myrteus, of a chesnut-bay 
 color. From that of a ripe 
 (myrti) myrtle-berry. 
 
 Myrtus, a myrtle. Mvpro^. 
 Arab, moord. Also, the handle 
 of a spear. Virgil : " At myr- 
 tus validis hastilibus, et 
 bona bello Cornus." 
 
 Mysta, a priest. Mu<mj£. 
 
 Mystagogus, one who showed 
 the remarkable things of a tem- 
 ple. Mu<rTctycsoy6$. 
 
 Mysterium, a mystery. Mys- 
 teria, the mysteries, celebration 
 of sacred mysteries. Mu<mjg»ov. 
 
 MU<TTY)PIU. 
 
 Mysticus, mystical. MvarTix6$. 
 Mytliicus, fabulous. MuQixos. 
 Myxa, a kind of plum. Mugot. 
 Myxa, the socket of a lamp. 
 
 N. 
 
 Nablia, Naulia, a musical 
 instrument. Na^Kia, Notufact. 
 
 Nactus: See Nanciscor. 
 
 Nacca, a person of a low 
 trade, as a fuller. Fr. vaxij, a 
 hide. But Nacta and Natta 
 are also read, which may be 
 
KM—. NAR 
 
 279 
 
 referred to vsvuxtcu pp. of vacrcra), 
 to press close or thick. Hesy- 
 chius explains volxtcX by Toitg 
 niXovg xot) ru epirlXiot. 
 
 Nee, Ne, certainly. Not), Ny. 
 
 NcEV?is, a mole, spot. For- 
 merly, gn&us and gnavus. Like 
 Natus, Gnatus. Fr. yevvcuog, 
 yvcuog, (See Nascor,) natural, 
 inborn, original. Forcellini ex- 
 plains it " kyj\)$ (rviAnsQivxvitt., 
 genitiva macula." Or it 
 may be taken as Excrescence 
 from Cresco. ^f " Kvctlog is 
 Greek from xvuico, and means 
 iruQog and (pupa. Hence gna- 
 vus." Salmas. 1 
 
 Na'is, Naias, a Naiad. Ncug, 
 NoCiotg, 
 
 Nam, for. From \lc\v, (Doric 
 of /x^v,) transp. vu\h, as from 
 Mwv, transposed iVcoj^, is Num. 
 Ka) [i.Y)V seems frequently to 
 answer to Etenim or Namque. 
 But indeed, as Hoogeveen ob- 
 serves that the primary power of 
 jwojv is /3s/3aian-»x>j, i. e. that it has 
 the power of establishing or 
 confirming ; and as the very 
 nature of the particle nam is to 
 introduce a sentence for the pur- 
 pose of establishing and con- 
 firming a previous assertion, it 
 seems to follow that ju.qv was a 
 peculiarly fit word to produce 
 the Latin nam* The sense of 
 pjv, truly, seems to appear in 
 utiNAM. 
 
 Nancio, Nancior, Nanciscor, 
 I light on, get, obtain. For 
 lancio from "haykvi, (whence 
 
 1 Quoted by Dacier on Festus ad 
 Gnaeus. 
 
 sXol'/qv,) I receive by some 
 chance. Or from Aay%co, whence 
 Xayx<zvoo. The Dorians said 
 YjNkv for yjAQov, /3liWicrro$ foj 
 ftsATi<rTO$. Vice versa Lympht 
 is from Nv^yj, and xlrpov was 
 said for vlrgov. % Al. for nacii, 
 (whence nactus) and this fir 
 gnacio (See Nascor, Noso, 
 Norma,) fr. yevvuu), yvctu>, f. 
 syvctxu, I produce. Mihi pari. 
 Donnegan gives * to acquire" 
 as one of the meanings of <pw. 
 If Al.for nacio from ovuoo, covctxi, 
 ovetxx ; dropping O, as in "Opa^ 
 vog, Ramus ; "Ofovrsg, Dents. 
 'Ovaco being taken in the sense of 
 ovapou, I enjoy, use. 2 
 
 Nanus, a dwarf. Nuvog. 
 
 Ndptsa, nymphs of the 
 woods. Neurotica . 
 
 Naphtha, naphtha. Nct^ct. 
 An Arabic word. 
 
 Napus, a n a phew or navew, 
 French turnip. " Fr. vomv, 
 mustard. In its leaves and seed 
 it is like, and somewhat too in 
 its root." V. % The Anglo- 
 Sax is nape, 3 
 
 Narcissus, the daffodil. Notg- 
 xiG-<rog. 
 
 Nardus, nard. Naptiog. Arab. 
 nard. 
 
 Nares, the nostrils. Fr. vaca, 
 to flow ; whence vuspog, flowing. 
 So fiveg is probably allied to 
 pica, and from pirn whence Ri- 
 vus. 
 
 Narro, I make mention of, 
 
 2 " Goth, nutan, Anglo-Sax. notian. 
 Franc, nozen, niozan. Gloss. Pez. capie- 
 bat, noz, Valde simile est nacio, unde 
 nancio, nanciscor." W. 
 
 3 Wachter in Hube. 
 
280 
 
 NAR. 
 
 NAT 
 
 relate. Fr. gnaruris, anciently 
 used for gnarus. Hence gna- 
 ruro, gnarro, then narro, as 
 Nascor for Gnascor. Narro is, 
 ?narum facio aliquem alicujus 
 ei. 
 
 Narthecium, a medicine- 
 hest. NxgQYjXiov. 
 
 Nascor, I am born. Nascor 
 ^as anciently gnascor, and natus 
 'as gnatus, whence Cognatus. 
 inascor is from gnasco, and 
 bis from gnao, as Btxca, Btxo-xw ; 
 •aco, <Pu<rxco. Gnao is fr. ysv- 
 kw, yvaco, (whence yv^<no$,) I 
 produce. Nascor, I am pro- 
 diued. 
 
 Nasica, having a sharp nose. 
 Fr. nasus. 
 
 Nasiterna, Nassiterna, a 
 pail, bucket. Fr. nasus and 
 ternus. As having three noses. 
 Juvenal : " Siccabis calicem 
 nasorum quatuor." 
 
 Nassa, a net made of twigs to 
 catch fish. "From Hebr. nas- 
 hah, seduxit, decepit." V. ^f 
 Or from the North. "Franc. 
 nezi is a net. Gloss. Pez. : 
 Retiacula, nezzi." W. 5T As 
 VYi<r<ru is a duck from vcioo, vyo-oo, 
 to swim; so perhaps vrjo-cra 
 might have been also a twig-net, 
 as swimming or floating on the 
 water. Dor. va<rcra is nassa. 
 ^f Or from vk(t<tco, to squeeze, 
 jam, stop up. 
 
 Nasturtium, the herb cresses. 
 For nastortium, nasitortium fr. 
 nasus and torqueo, tortum. As 
 twisting the nose by its sharp 
 scent. We call it Nose-smart. 
 
 Nasus, the nose. Fr. vaoo, 
 to flow; whence voia-ig, a flow- 
 ing. So Damm derives fiv and 
 
 p»S, the nose, from peca, [rather 
 from pica, the same as psoo,'] to 
 flow : " Quia per nares effluunt 
 humores capitis." ^f Al. from 
 the North. " Anglo-Sax. nase, 
 nase, nose, Franc, nasa." W. 
 " Germ, nase is from nass, wet, 
 moist." Damm. 
 
 Nasutus, having a large nose. 
 Also, jeering, satirical. As ma- 
 king a long nose by way of 
 ridicule. So from fAVXTyp, a 
 nose, is pvxTYigl^co, to ridicule. 
 
 Natalis, pertaining to one's 
 (natum) birth. 
 
 Nates, the buttocks. Fr. 
 vioLTOs, (yuTog,) ultimus, extre- 
 mus. We speak of the poste- 
 riors and the bottom, ^f Al. 
 from vsvctToti pp. of voao, to flow. 
 " Quia per eas diffluit hu- 
 mor." V. 
 
 Natio, a progeny, breed, race ; 
 a race of people, a people, na- 
 tion. Fr. nascor, natus. Cin- 
 cius explains it in the latter 
 sense : " Qui non aliunde vene- 
 runt, sed ibi nati sunt ubi inco- 
 lunt." 
 
 Ndto, I swim ; I float ; float 
 about, waver. Fr. no, natum. 
 
 Ndtrix, a water-serpent. Fr. 
 no, natum* From its swim- 
 ming. So Servatum, Servatrix. 
 
 Natta : See Nacca. 
 
 Natura, nature. Fr. nao, 
 natum, to produce. Which is 
 producing or is ready to pro- 
 duce all things. As <2>u<n$ from 
 <P6cu. 
 
 1 Wachter seems inclined to refer na- 
 trix to the North. Germ, nater, Welsh 
 neidr. " Extat," he adds, " in omnibus 
 veterum dialectis." 
 
NAT- 
 
 NE 
 
 281 
 
 Natus, a son. Fr. naor. See 
 Nascor. Or fr. yevvaTog, yvcaog. 
 
 Navale, a place in which 
 (naves) ships are built. 
 
 Navarchus, the captain of a 
 ship. For nauarchus, vctvoig- 
 
 Nauclerus, a ship-owner. JV«w- 
 
 Naucus or Naucum, variously 
 explained the kernel of an olive, 
 the peel of nut, the skin or 
 partition in the midst of a wal- 
 nut. Hence, anything of no 
 value. Whence "Non nauci 
 facio," I make not of so much 
 value as the peel of a nut. From 
 vod ov%\, verily not. So that 
 naucus means a thing so vile 
 that it is a nonentity, ^f Or 
 from a word VYjO^og, Dor. vao- 
 ^oj, not having anything, poor, 
 beggarly, paltry. 
 
 Naufrdgium, a shipwreck. 
 
 For navfragium fr. navis, and 
 
 frago whence Fragilis and Fran- 
 
 Ndvigium, a boat, ship, in 
 which one (navigai) sails. 
 
 Navigo, I steer or row a ship. 
 Navem ago. Also, I order a 
 ship to be steered or rowed. 
 " Refertur ad nautas, naucleros, 
 navarchos, gubernatores : hi 
 enim dicuntur navem agere vel 
 agi jubere." F. Navigo 
 means also to sail as a passenger. 
 This sense arose from the cir- 
 cumstance of all on board being 
 at first occupied in steering or 
 rowing. Or navigo is here to 
 be explained " in nam ago t em- 
 pus." 
 
 Navis, a ship. Fr. vav§, gen. 
 votog, whence nan, naVis, as 
 Etym. 
 
 o»V, oVis. Or for navs, nam, 
 fr. vaug. 
 
 Navita, a sailor. Fr. navis. 
 ^f Or from vauaTvjj, whence nau- 
 ata, navata, (as vuTctgxog, na- 
 Varchus,) then navita, as ]«,«- 
 %/4va, machlna. 
 
 Naulum, fare paid for pas- 
 sage in a ship. NuvKov. 
 
 Naumdchia, a sea-fight ; the 
 place where it is fought. Nav- 
 
 Navo, I perform anything or 
 exert myself (nave) strenuous- 
 
 Nausea, sea-sickness, qualm. 
 Naudla.. 
 
 Nauta, a sailor. Fr. vaunjf. 
 *[ Or from navita, navta, nau- 
 ta. As Aviceps, Avceps, Au- 
 ceps. 
 
 Nautea, explained by some 
 as filth issuing from the pump 
 of a ship. Fr. vuv$, whence 
 vaucna, vatma, which may have 
 existed in this sense. By others 
 as anything very offensive and 
 causing a (vau-na) qualminess, 
 as the water in which skins have 
 been tanned ; as curriers' black, 
 or the juice of a herb with black 
 berries, used by them ; or as a 
 dye with which priests' garments 
 were colored. 
 
 Nauticus, belonging to ma- 
 riners or ships. NcivTixo$. 
 
 Navus: See Gnavus. 
 
 Ne, not. Fr. vy, as in vfaoi- 
 vo§, v>j7ra%. " Ne, (Germ.) 
 non. A Scythis in Persia, Grae- 
 cia, et Septentrione proseminata. 
 Pers. neh, Goth, ni, nih, ne, 
 Anglo-Sax. na, ne," &c. W. 
 So Spenser : " Yet who was 
 that Belphoebe, he ne wist." 
 
 2 N 
 
282 
 
 NE- 
 
 NEC 
 
 In such compounds as Necesse, 
 Nefastus, E is short. 
 
 Ne asks a question. Cicero : 
 " Quaeritur sintue Dii necwe." 
 Here ne is If, and seems formed 
 from %v transposed. As from 
 T£ is perhaps Et. % Or ne is 
 not, as above. In Cicero, 
 " Jamwe vides, jamwe sentis, 
 quae sit hominum querela frontis 
 tuae?," Forcellini explains it as 
 well, rt Do you not see now ?" 
 as " Do you see now r" 
 
 Nebris, idis, the skin of a 
 fawn. Neppls. 
 
 Nebula, a cloud, mist, fog. 
 Fr. vs<piA>j, whence nebela, (as 
 ufjt,&u), am Bo,) then nebula, as 
 <rxonEKo$, scopUlus. 
 
 Nebulo, a rascal, knave, im- 
 postor. From ne and obolus, 
 whence nebolo, nebulo. (See 
 Exul.) Of not so much worth 
 as an obolus, vile, contemptible. 
 Forcellini explains it ovhvog 
 «?»°£« 1f Or from nebula. 
 And here various reasons are 
 given. As avoiding the light 
 and seeking {nebulas) darkness. 
 Lucilius has : " lucifugus 
 nebulo" Or as desirous of 
 throwing {nebulas) mist in 
 others' eyes, blinding and de- 
 ceiving them. So from Tene- 
 brae is Tenebrio, which Forcel- 
 lini explains, " nebulo, lucifu- 
 gus, qui tenebras sectatur, et in 
 his libenter delitescit flagitii cau- 
 sa. Item qui fraudibus et men- 
 daciis tenebras ob oculos homi- 
 num objicit, fallendi artifex." 
 Or as unsubstantial and unreal 
 as a mist. Terence : " Sane 
 quod tibi nunc vir videatur 
 esse, hie nebulo magnus est." 
 
 Or as trifling and empty as a 
 mist. Lucilius: " Nugatorqui- 
 dam, ac nebulo sit maximu' 
 multo." 
 
 Nee, neither. For neque, neq\ 
 So Neve, Nev, Neu. 
 
 Necdum, nor as yet. See 
 Nondum. 
 
 Necessarii, intimate friends, 
 relations. " In quos necessaria 
 officia conferuntur prseter cete- 
 ros," says ZElius. Or as being 
 indispensable to our wants. 
 
 Necesse, necessary. Fr. ne, 
 not ; cesso. So urgent and 
 pressing that we must not loiter 
 in it. Or fr. cedo, cessum. So 
 urgent that we must go on and 
 not yield our exertions. 1 
 
 Necessitas, fate. As acting 
 with a power which the nature 
 of things has rendered absolutely 
 necessary. Fr. necesse. 
 
 Necessitudo, intimacy, rela- 
 tionship. See Necessarii. 
 
 Neco, I kill. Fr. vexu$, dead. 
 Neco, I make dead. Or at 
 once fr. vixou. See Noceo. 
 If " From Anglo-Sax. hnacan" 
 Tooke. 
 
 Necromantia, necromancy. 
 iVsKpojxavTs/a. 
 
 Nectar, nectar. Nexrtxp. 
 
 NectOj I knit, tie, bind, join. 
 Tooke : " From Anglo-Sax. 
 cnittan [to knit] or nictan." 
 «[[ Or from veto, which Forcellini 
 explains, " filum torqueo." 
 Pliny : " Superque omnia netur 
 ac tex rru r lanae modo." 
 Vossius : " Neco et nere notat et 
 
 1 Al. from nee esse. Sine quo nee esse 
 i. e. vivere possumus. See Negligo. 
 
NED 
 
 NEM 
 
 283 
 
 congerere. Quia nentes turn 
 fila ducunt, turn ducta in fuso 
 conjungunt. Quare nectere pro- 
 pile sit nendo conjungere ; ge- 
 nerating vinculo aliquo jungere 
 ac colligare." As from via), to 
 swim, was v^%co ; so from via), 
 to spin, might have been vvi^oo, 
 pp. vsvviKToti. From nK^aa), ?re- 
 7rA>jKTai we have Plecto. ^f 
 Haigh : " From avaiiTa), 'vutttu), 
 iEol. \olktw" Then necto, as 
 grEssus for grAssus, pEssulus 
 for pAssulus. 
 
 Nedum, much less. Cicero : 
 " Vix in ipsis terris frigus vita- 
 tur, nedum in mari." Also, 
 much more. Valerius : " Or- 
 namenta legioni, nedum militi, 
 satis multa." Dum appears to 
 be a termination, as in Agedum, 
 Adesdum ; and ne to be put for 
 " ne dicam." 
 
 Nefandus, not to be said or 
 named, abominable. From ne, 
 not. Fandus from for, far is. 
 
 Nefarius, same as Nefandus. 
 Tr.for,fari. As Multifarius. 
 
 Nef as, unlawfulness, crime. 
 Quod non est fas. 
 
 Nefastus, wicked. Fr. nefas, 
 as Onus, Onustus. " Nefasti 
 dies " see in Fasti. 
 
 Nefrendes, pigs just weaned. 
 As not being yet able (frendere) 
 to break with their teeth solid 
 food. 
 
 Negligo, I disregard, neglect. 
 For necligo, neclego. As Ne- 
 gotium for Necotium, and 
 like Necopinus. Lego is here 
 to choose. Ovid: "Non mihi 
 servorum, comitis non cura le- 
 gendi." Cicero: " Omnia qua? 
 leget quseque rejiciet." So that 
 
 " non lego " is the same as, I 
 reject, pass by, neglect. The 
 Greeks say ovfiotpoog \iyo) ; but 
 it would not be safe to derive 
 the one part from the Latin and 
 the other from the Greek. 
 
 Nego, I refuse, say no, deny. 
 For neago. It is properly said 
 of one who is asked to do a 
 thing, and will not do it. See 
 Infitiae. ^f Or from ne-aio, ne- 
 ajo, nejo, nego. ^f " From An- 
 glo-Sax. nice, not, are Lat. nego, 
 Cam bro- Brit, nag, nagca, re- 
 fusal, repulse, Suec. neka 9 to 
 deny." W. 
 
 Negotior, ] transact (nego- 
 tiurri) business, traffic. - 
 
 Negotium, state of employ- 
 ment, business. Also, a busi- 
 ness of difficulty, as the Greeks 
 use Trpay^a, in KOLqiyiw %povy- 
 puTot. Also, a thing or matter 
 to be employed about, and gene- 
 rally anything whatever. For 
 necotium (as Negligo for Nec- 
 ligo), i. e. non otium. A state 
 opposed to ease or indolence. 
 
 Nema, a thread. Nypot. 
 
 Nemesis, the Goddess of re- 
 tribution. Ne(ie(n§. 
 
 Nemo, no one. Ne homo 
 quidem. So Semo. 
 
 Nempe, to wit, namely, truly, 
 surely. For nampe, as grEssus 
 for grAssus. Fr. nam ; and pe 
 as in Quippe, from 7r>j, in any 
 way. Nam is used here more 
 in the sense of pr t v, Dor. ju,av, 
 from which it is derived. % From 
 [tevnov, says Haigh. Rather, 
 from juii/7nj, transp. vsu,7r>). 
 
 Nemus, pasture land, forest. 
 Fr. vs/xo£. Homer : 'Ev vepei 
 
284 
 
 NEN- 
 
 NEQ 
 
 Nenia, Namia, a funeral song, 
 dirge. Cicero informs us that 
 it is a Greek word : " Honora- 
 toruni virorum laudes in con- 
 cione memorentur, easque etiam 
 cantu ad tibicinem prosequantur 
 cui nomen nenia: quo voca- 
 bulo etiam Gk^ci cantus lu- 
 gubres nominant." Ainsvvorth 
 quotes Pollux : To hs Nt\viu [But 
 Vossius has vvjv/arov] scm jtx,ev 
 <Ppvyiov 'l7T7rwvct% 8e avrou [ivy- 
 /xovsyet : " Nenia is a Phrygian 
 word : Hipponax mentions it." 
 From the same word apparently 
 is vY}vvpltyvTcti y which Hesychius 
 explains by pivvpltyvTu. Scali- 
 
 ger : 
 
 Nenia is from the He- 
 
 brew ni ni, plange plange." 
 
 Nenia, any trifling song or 
 common saying. The nenm 
 being in course of time cor- 
 rupted and changed from their 
 specific object, like the Hymns 
 to Bacchus: Tl irpbg Aiovvvov ; 
 Forcellini supposes it arose from 
 the funeral songs being sung by 
 hired persons, who were igno- 
 rant of literature and mixed many 
 strange and silly things with 
 them. 
 
 Nenu, not. For nene, ne ne, 
 no no. Or from v^ or ne, and 
 Gr. vv as an adjunct. Belg. 
 neen, Germ. nein. 
 
 Neo, I spin. New. 
 
 Neophytus, a convert. Fr. 
 veo'<pvTO$, newly planted. 
 
 Neotericus, modern. Nswts- 
 pixo's. 
 
 Nepa, Nepas, a scorpion ; a 
 crab-fish. An African word, 
 says Festus. 
 
 Nepos, a grandson ; a ne- 
 phew. Fr. v&ifovs, vsnohs, used 
 
 by Apollonius Rhodius, Theo- 
 critus, and Callimachus. 
 
 Nepos, a spendthrift. Dacier: 
 " Qu6d nepotibus semper in- 
 dulgent avi, connivent eorum 
 delictis, ac impediunt quin ea 
 in parentum conscientiam veni- 
 ant ; unde ii evadunt dissoluti." 
 Vossius : " Quia nee ipsi ne- 
 potes sudarunt in parandis divi- 
 tiis, nee sciunt quanto labore eas 
 avus acquisierit, prodigi esse 
 consueverunt." 
 
 Nepotor, I squander. Fr. 
 nepos, nepotis. 
 
 Neptis, a granddaughter. Fr. 
 nepos, nepotis. 
 
 Neptunus, Neptune. Wach- 
 ter : " From Celt, naf, lord, and 
 tonn, water. Scaliger derives it 
 fr. v\iztw, [somewhat as Portu- 
 nus from Portus,] from the sea 
 washing or laving the shore. 
 How poor, compared to the 
 former derivation." % Jamie- 
 son : " From Goth, nepsa, to 
 restrain, and tun, the sea." Fie 
 who restrains the sea. 1 
 
 Nequam, good for naught, 
 worthless, bad, profligate. For 
 nequidquam. That is, qui va- 
 let nequidquam. ^[ Or, qui va- 
 let ne aliquam rem : Compare 
 Unquam. 
 
 Neque, nor. That is, que ne, 
 and not. 
 
 Nequeo, I cannot. Non queo. 
 See Ne. 
 
 Nequidquam, Nequicquam, 
 not in any way, not at all. That 
 is, secundum quidquam, xutol ti. 
 So Nihil is used. Also, to no 
 
 1 Jamieson adds : '* Bochart traces 
 Neptunus to Hebr. pathah, dilatavit, 
 which in niphil is niphtha" 
 
NEQ- 
 
 NIC 
 
 285 
 
 purpose, in vain. Some prepo- 
 sition seems omitted, as we say 
 <( For nothing." Or a verb is 
 omitted. Thus " Nequidquam 
 implorat" may be " Implorat et 
 ne quidquam lucratur implo- 
 rando." So Nihil is used by 
 Plautus. 
 
 Nequiter, badly, wrongly. 
 Fr. nequam. 
 
 Nequitia, worthlessness, 
 
 wickedness. Fr. nequiter. See 
 Nequam. 
 
 Nereus, Neptune. Nvipeug. 
 
 Nervosus, sinewy, strong. Fr. 
 nervus. 
 
 Nervus, a sinew, tendon, 
 nerve ; and, because in these 
 consists the strength of the body, 
 nervi is used for force, strength, 
 vigor. Also, the string of a 
 musical instrument ; a bow- 
 string. A cord, thong. Fr. 
 vevpov, whence nevron, (as vuTctp- 
 %<>$, naVarchus) nervon ; then 
 nervus, the termination being 
 changed, as in vinUM from 
 olvOS. Or fr. vevgov, whence 
 vevgVov, (See sylVa, arVum,) 
 nervon, nervus. Or from vevpov 
 was neurivus, (See Arvurn,) 
 neurvus, nervus. ^f Wachter 
 derives it from the Celtic. Ner- 
 ven Armoric, nerve Germ. 
 
 Nervus, bonds, stocks, fet- 
 ters ; hence a prison. Properly, 
 vinculum e nervo, a thong. Vi- 
 truvius mentions " funes e nervo 
 tortos." Vegetius : " Nervo- 
 rum copiam expedit coiligi, quia 
 balistae ceteraque tormenta, nisi 
 funibus nervinis intenta, nihil 
 prosunt." 
 
 Nescio, I know not. Ne i. e. 
 non scio. 
 
 Neu, neither. For neve, nev', 
 neu. Or neve, neue, neu\ 
 
 Neve, neither. That is, ve 
 ne, or not. 
 
 Neurobata, a rope-dancer. 
 NevgofitxTYic. 
 
 Neuter, neither. Ne uter, 
 not either. 
 
 Neuiiquam, in no wise. For 
 ne-utique-quidquam, not at all 
 indeed. % Al. from ne, and 
 utiquam considered the same as 
 utique. 
 
 Nex, necis, violent death ; 
 death. Fr. neco, to kill. Or 
 fr. vexvg, a dead body. 
 
 Nexo, I bind. Fr. necto, 
 nectsum, necsum, nexum. 
 
 Nexus, a bond of obligation 
 by which the former owner was 
 bound to make good the title. 
 Also, a bond made by a debtor 
 to serve his creditor till he paid 
 the debt. Fr. necto, nexum, 
 
 Ni, if not, unless. For nisi. 
 
 Nictteria, rewards of victory. 
 
 NlXYlTYjplOt. 
 
 Nico, I beckon with my hand. 
 Fr. vevca, pf. vevevxa, I make to 
 incline or to tend downward. 
 Or fr. vvoo, pf. vevvxa, vvoo con- 
 sidered the same as veuco. See 
 Nicto. But the word is doubt- 
 ful. 
 
 Nicto, 1 wink. Fr. niveo, 
 nixi, (for nivsi : So Nix for 
 Nivs, Nivis,) nictum. See Con- 
 niveo. 
 
 Nictor, I exert myself. Fr. 
 nitor, nixum, and nictum for 
 nixum, they say. But why CT 
 for X ? On Lucretius vi, 836, 
 Faber remarks : " Nictarilege- 
 rat Festus. Sed haud dubie 
 legend um nixari, ut alibi pas- 
 
286 
 
 NID- 
 
 NIM 
 
 sim." And Gifanius remarks: 
 " Nixari omnes libri." The 
 passage in Lucretius is, u Hie, 
 ubi nixari nequeunt, insistere- 
 que alis" &c. Two lines before 
 be had said, " Claudicat ex- 
 templo pennarum nixus inanis." 
 Virgil: "Hie primum paribus 
 nitens Cyllenius alis Constitit." 
 
 Nidor, the smell or steam 
 arising from anything roasted or 
 burnt. Soft for cnidor, fr. ex- 
 vl8a pf. mid. of xvlty, to prick, 
 cause a pricking or itching sen- 
 sation ; whence (from fut. xv'ktco) 
 is xyiWa, li nidor." Compare 
 Odor. 
 
 Nidus, a nest; the young in 
 a nest. Also, a shelf or parti- 
 tion of a shelf in a library. From 
 Celt, nead. 1 ^f The Anglo-Sax. 
 verb cnittan, (cniddan) to knit, 
 join, may be mentioned. ^[ Al. 
 from vogtos, votto$, a new-born 
 animal; whence voffibc, then 
 niddus, somewhat as clnis from 
 xOvjj, and Imbris from "Opfipog. 
 Then nidus. % Al. from vctloo, 
 to dwell ; whence vxifyv. 
 
 Niger, black, sable. For ni- 
 grus from vsxpb$, dead ; whence 
 negrus, nigrus, or whence ne- 
 grus, neger, niger, as XEnog, 
 liber ; ttXEkm, pllco. Lucre- 
 tius : "Omnia sufFuudens mor- 
 tis nigrore." So death is re- 
 presented by the Latin Poets as 
 n nigra hora," " niger \\\e dies." 
 If Or from vu£, vu^ps, (whence 
 7ravvvxioc, &c.) the night ; whence 
 a word w%sgo$, vu^poc, black as 
 night ; thence nichrus, as QgT- 
 
 1 Classical Journal, Vol. III. p. 122. 
 
 yea, fr I go ; and nigrus, as 
 CH rates, Grates. % Al. from 
 nubiger. 
 
 Nihil, nothing. Fr. nihilum. 
 
 Nihilum, nothing. For ne 
 hilum. Or for ** nil nisi hilum" 
 
 Nil, for nihil. 
 
 Nimbus, a sudden shower. 
 Fr. vevipfxcti pp. of vhroo, I wash. 
 As Gpopfiog from TgeQoo, to co- 
 agulate, pp. TsQpofxpcti. Or for 
 ?iibus (M added as in Lambo) 
 fr. v/tttoj, a. 2. ev»/3ov, whence 
 Xspvifio;. As washing the earth, 
 the flowers, &c. " The rose 
 had been wash'd, just wash'd in 
 the show'r," &c. % Or for 
 nibus fr. vstpog, a cloud. Ains- 
 worth explains nimbus 4< a rainy 
 black cloud driven with 
 storms." NeQo$, nebus, (as 
 ap<Pw, am Bo,) nibus, as \Enog, 
 liber. Or from ve$o$, vs'^<pO£. 
 Or from vtyoo, to obscure ; 
 whence (from pf. mid. vsvo$a) 
 v6$og, yvoQog, darkness. Thus 
 nimbus is used also for a bright 
 cloud accompanying the appear- 
 ance of the Gods. Virgil : 
 " Pallas Insedit, nimbo efful- 
 gens." Where Servius explains 
 nimbo " nube divina." So 
 also nimbus is a kind of bright 
 shadow worn by women on the 
 forehead, made of cloth em- 
 broidered with gold.* 
 
 Nlmirum, the fact is, doubt- 
 less, surely, namely, like dy. 
 Terence : " Nimirum dabit hasc 
 Thais mihi magnum malum." 
 Donatus says here : " Solve ni- 
 
 2 Al. from vvfj.fr}, in the sense of hi/i- 
 <p-r), lympha ; whence nimba, as &(x$w, 
 amBo. 
 
NIM- 
 
 NOC 
 
 287 
 
 mirum, et statim consequens 
 erit tota sententia, quasi dixerit, 
 Non est mirum. [No wonder.] 
 Et subdistinctione interposita. 
 mox intulerit, Dabit bsec &c." 
 For nilmirum. Or ni is ne. 
 See Nihilum. 
 
 Nimis, too much. For ne 
 minus. See Appendix. 
 
 Nimius, too much. Fr. nimis. 
 Ningit, it snows. For nigit, 
 as N is added in Lingo, &c. 
 It would seem that not only vlQco 
 existed, but also vl^co, £00, whence 
 a. 2. eviyov, fut. 2. viyob. 
 
 Nisi, if not, unless. For 
 nesi, ne si. Or ni is from Goth. 
 ni. See Ne. 
 
 Nisus, a sparrow-hawk or 
 some such bird into which Nisus 
 was changed, Ov. Met. viii. 
 Forcellini deduces the name of 
 the bird from that of the man. 
 Turton refers it to the Hebrew 
 nt^ii from nazah to fly. 
 
 Nisus, an attempt. Fr. nitor, 
 nitsus, nisus. 
 
 Nittla, Nitedula : See Ap- 
 pendix. 
 
 Niteo, I look bright, shining, 
 fine, spruce, neat, clean. Fr. 
 vfcio, vjW», fut. 2. viBeoo, I wash. 
 As Lautus is used for, neat, 
 shining, splendid. Or, from pp. 
 vevitou, whence Lennep derives 
 virpov, 1 nitre. The Germ, nett, 
 neat, Wachter refers to Nitidus. 
 Nitidus, bright, fine, neat, 
 fat, &c. Fr. niteo. 
 
 Nitor, I endeavour strenu- 
 ously, make a strong effort, tend 
 or move vigorously towards. I 
 
 1 Referred however by Vossius to the 
 Chaldee NTRA. 
 
 am in labor, bring forth. Also, 
 I tend downwards, lean upon, 
 rest upon. Somewhat as jSao-ij 
 is not only an advance, but that 
 on which any thing rests, a base. 
 Fr. re/vojxai, transp. vs/to/mh. 
 " Telvoo, 1 direct effort towards ; 
 I strive, endeavour, strain." Dn. 
 % Or fr. ve/crcro/joai, vsitto^oh, I 
 move towards. % Al. from vucr- 
 (TOfxcn, vuTTo/jtai, I spur myself, 
 stimulate myself. 
 
 Nitrum, nitre. Nlrpov. 
 Niveus, pertaining (ad nivem) 
 to snow ; white as snow. 
 
 Nix, nivis, snow. Nivis is 
 fr. vj\[/, n<po$, snow. Nix is for 
 nivs. As viVo, viVSi, viXi. 
 ^f Al. from ningo, ninxi, nixi ; 
 or fr. nigo, (whence Ningo,) 
 nigsi, nixi. 
 
 Nixor, I endeavour. Fr. ni' 
 tor, nixum. But how nixumV 
 Perhaps through nitor, nitsum, 
 nissum, as ulyXes for ulySSes. 
 The lonians said rgiSbg, hBb$, 
 for rpiHSos, &2H6$> 
 
 Nixus, an effort. A leaning 
 on. Fr. nitor, nixus. 
 
 No, 1 swim, flow. New, vw. 
 Nobilis, known, well-known, 
 famous, distinguished. Fr. nos- 
 co, notum. As Moveo, Mo- 
 bilis. 
 
 Nobilitas, reputation, distinc- 
 tion ; distinction of birth, nobi- 
 lity ; ardor, pride, greatness of 
 soul, as belonging to men of 
 distinction. Fr. nobilis. 
 
 Nobilito, I make (nobilem) 
 illustrious. 
 
 Noceo, 1 hurt. As ju,TA>j be- 
 came mOla, so vvyew (fut. 2. 
 of v'So-crco, I pierce, puncture, 
 wound,) became nogeo, whence 
 
288 
 
 NOC 
 
 NON 
 
 noceo, as purreco, misCeo. ^f 
 Al. from vevoxa, (vo'xa), pf. mid. 
 of a verb vexco, 1 (whence vsxvg, 
 vsxpog, and perhaps neco,) I kill. 
 % " From the Syriac NCA, no- 
 cuit." V. ^f The Germ, nosen 
 is traced by Wachter to noceo. 
 
 Noctua, an owl. Ovid: "Lu- 
 cemque perosa? Node volant, 
 seroque tenent a vespere nomen." 
 
 Nodus, a knot, tie, bond, belt; 
 a knotty point, difficult case ; a 
 knob; the knitting or articula- 
 tion of the bones ; a hard tumor. 
 Tooke : " From knot, past par- 
 ticiple of Anglo-Sax. cnittan, to 
 knit, tie." % " From Hebr. 
 anad, to tie." Tt. " Convenit 
 Hebr. ganad, nodavit." W. ^f 
 Or perhaps for gnodus, like 
 Navus for Gnavus, Natus for 
 Gnatus. From yow, a knot, 
 might have been a word yovap§yj$, 
 yvcoBrjg, knotty. Or a verb yovow, 
 "whence yovcoSrjv, yvco^v.* 
 
 Nolo, I am unwilling. For 
 nojivolo, novolo. 
 
 Nomen, a name. For novi- 
 men fr. novi, as Momen from 
 Movi. That by which we are 
 known. Also, money borrowed 
 or lent, as the name of the per- 
 son intrusted was written in the 
 books. Also, name, reputation, 
 character. Alleged name or 
 title or account, pretext, excuse. 
 Also, a noun, i. e. the name of 
 any thing, what any thing is 
 called. *K Al. from ovojaa, O 
 omitted, as "Ofovrse, Dentes. 
 But O in Nomen is long. 
 
 1 " Ne/cus, a dead body. Th. ve/cw, 
 obsol. to kill." Dn. 
 
 2 Haigh : « From v*i and 65ck." Be- 
 cause a knot stops the way. 
 
 ISdmenclator, one who called 
 persons or things readily by their 
 names. For nomencalator fr. 
 nomen, and calo, calatum, I 
 call. 
 
 Nomino, I name ; hand up 
 the name of a person to a ma- 
 gistrate, accuse. Fr. nomen, 
 inis. 
 
 Nomos, a district. No[xo$. 
 
 Nomos, a tune. No[io$. 
 
 Non, not, no. For nun from 
 nenu, by eliding E and trans- 
 posing U. % The Ancients, 
 says Forcellini, seem to have 
 said neno as well as nenu. From 
 neno non would flow more im- 
 mediately. % Al. from vr], and cov 
 i. e. ovv. ^f Al. from vjj and ov. 
 If Germ, nein, Belg. neen. 
 
 Nonce, the Nones. Fr. no- 
 nus. As from the Nones to the 
 Ides are nine days. 
 
 Nonaria, i. e. meretrix, quae 
 circa nonam horam prostat. 
 
 Nondum, not yet. That is, 
 "non, dum expecto," "non, 
 interea dum haec fiunt," or such 
 like. Or, if dum is an adjunct, 
 as in Adesdum, Agedum, non- 
 dum is short for non-adhuc-dum. 
 We have also Vixdum. We 
 may observe that the Greeks 
 say QV7T0D for " not yet," without 
 precisely expressing the " yet." 
 
 Nongenti, 900. For non- 
 centi fr. noni and centum. 
 
 Nonna, a term of respect ap- 
 plied to nuns. Fr. volvvy}, aunt. 5 
 
 3 "Nun, (Germ.) monachus. Pro- 
 prie, filius : ab Hebr. nin. Quia sub 
 Abbatis tanquam patris cura et tutela est. 
 Postea, (ut fata sunt vocabulorum) non- 
 nus crevit honore, et priores tantum at. 
 que sanctiores denotare coepit." W. 
 
NON 
 
 NOV 
 
 289 
 
 Nonus, ninth. For novenus 
 fr. novem. 
 
 Norma, a square, rule ; also, 
 a rule, pattern, law of conduct. 
 For gnorma, (See Nascor,) fr. 
 yvcDpifJi.Yi, (yvwgfxr,) considered as 
 signifying " whichmakesknown." 
 Vossius explains norma, " in- 
 strumentum illud quo cognos- 
 ce it ur utrum anguli sint recti." 
 So yvoofioov is used, ^f Al. for 
 norima fr. now, whence ignoro. 
 Like Victima. 
 
 Nos, we. Fr. vw. S added, 
 perhaps as a Latin plural termi- 
 nation. Or in imitation of Vos, 
 which seems to have been formed 
 fr. <r<Qw, transp. Qa>$. VVachter 
 notices Belg. ons, Germ. uns. 
 
 Nosco, 1 know. For gnosco, 
 (whence Cognosco, Agnosco,) 
 fr. yivuxncvo, yvwoDcco. 
 
 Noster, our. Fr. nos. 
 
 Nostras, of our country, par- 
 ty, &c. Fr. noster, nostra. 
 
 Nota, a mark, sign ; a spot ; 
 a letter, character ; a writing in 
 cipher or short hand ; a critical 
 mark inserted in books where 
 anything occurs worthy of no- 
 tice ; a mark, remark, annota- 
 tion; a brand, ignominy; a 
 kind, sort, quality, which serves 
 as the distinction. Fr. nosco, 
 notum. Properly, that which 
 serves to make a thing known 
 and distinct. Livy : f Instruit 
 secretis notis, per quas haud 
 dubie agnoscerent sua 
 mandata esse." It is true that 
 O is short in Nota, long in No- 
 tus. But we have Cognitus, 
 Agnitus, that is, Cognotus, Ag- 
 notus, for Cognotus, Agnotus. 
 Comparealso Ducoand Diicem. 
 Etym. 
 
 Notarius, a short hand wri- 
 ter. Manilius: " Hie et scrip- 
 tor erit velox, cui litera verbum 
 est, Quique nota linguam supe- 
 ret, cursumque loquentis Exci- 
 piat longas nova per compendia 
 voces." 
 
 Nothus, of a mixed or spuri- 
 ous breed. NoQog. 
 
 Notesco, I become known, 
 notus fio. 
 
 Notio, an idea, conception. 
 Cicero: "In omnium animis 
 Deorum notionem impressit na- 
 tura." That is, an innate 
 knowledge or perception. Also, 
 the cognizance or trying of a 
 cause. That, the case being 
 heard and known, a decision 
 may be made on it. Fr. notus. 
 
 Notitia, knowledge. Fr. no- 
 tus, as Stultus, Stultitia. 
 
 Nolo, I mark, remark, &c. 
 Fr. nota. 
 
 Notus, known. For noscitus 
 fr. nosco, noscitum. Or from 
 noo, notum, from yvoco, whence 
 yvwaig. Like Nao, Naor, 
 (Nascor,) Natum. Or fr. yvcurog. 
 
 Notus, the south-wind. Noro$. 
 
 Novacula, a razor. Fr. novo. 
 " Qu6d innovat faciem," says 
 Isidorus. So Tertullian has 
 "vultus suos novacula mu- 
 
 TAEE." 
 
 Novalis ager, land newly 
 broken up for cultivation, sown 
 after being uncultivated or fal- 
 low. Fr. 710VUS. " Proprie de 
 agro novo, cui nunc primum 
 immissum est aratrum." F. 
 Or from its being renewed. 
 The Greeks say vsoito;. 
 
 Novello, I plant young vines. 
 Fr. novellus. 
 
 2 o 
 
290 
 
 NOV- 
 
 NUB 
 
 Novem, nine. Fr. ivvsct, svsx, 
 whence eneem, as UxA, decEM ; 
 then enovem, as vEog, nOVus ; 
 then novem, as E is dropt in 
 Remus, Lamina, Rubor. 1 
 
 "November, November. Fr. 
 novem. The ninth month 
 from March. So September, 
 &c. 
 
 Novetidialis coena, a funeral 
 dinner, which took place on the 
 ninth day after the ashes of the 
 dead had been conveyed to the 
 tomb. On this day the closing 
 rites were performed. For ?io- 
 vemdialis, fr. dies. 
 
 Novensiles Dii, certain Gods. 
 For novensides, (as in uLysses, 
 &c.) fr. novus and sedeo. " Quod 
 novissime in Deorum sedes re- 
 cepti sint." F. In confirmation, 
 Facciolali remarks that J. Na- 
 varre found on a marble the 
 words vsctirspag Osov, whom he 
 explains of JLivia, the mother of 
 Tiberius Caesar, ^f Al. from 
 novem and sedeo. On the sup- 
 position that the number was 
 nine, % Varro states it to be a 
 Sabine word. 
 
 Noverca, a step-mother. Fr. 
 novus ; erca being a termination. 
 % Al. from novus and erctum or 
 lierctum. " Quia nova accedat 
 hereditas," says Scaliger. % Al. 
 for novarca fr. novus and arceo 
 i. e. coe'rceo. " Nova uxor 
 quam maritus ducit ad coercen- 
 
 dam familiam/' says Festus. 
 ^f Al. from vsot oL^>yy\, a new rule. 
 
 Novicius, new, newly bought ; 
 a novice. Fr. novus. 
 
 Novo, I make (novum) new. 
 
 Novus, new. Fr. veog, whence 
 neVus, noVus, as 'E/xw, Vs^cb, 
 Vomo. 1 
 
 NoXj noctiSf night. 2Vu£, 
 vvxrog. 
 
 Noxa, hurt, harm. Offence, 
 trespass. Accusation of crime. 
 Punishment for crime. Fr. 
 noceo, nocsi, nocsum, noxum. 
 
 Noxia, same as noxa. 
 
 Noxius, hurtful. Fr. noxia. 
 
 Nubes, a cloud. Fr. nubo, 
 (whence obunbo,) to cover. 
 Varro : " Quia ccelum nubit, 
 i. e. operit." 
 
 Nuhilarium, a covered place 
 for keeping corn till it was 
 threshed. Fr. nubo, I cover. 
 
 Nubilus, cloudy. Fr. nubes, 
 
 Nubo, I cover. From the 
 obsolete vv$co or vu/3eo, whence 
 vuQy), vufx.4»}. 3 ^f Al.from veQooo, 
 vstpw, whence nebo, as olp<t>w, 
 amBo. But why nebo into nu- 
 bo ?• ^f Al. from yvo<p6oo, yvoQw, 
 whence griobo, gnubo, as vOjkkt- 
 jtx« becomes nUmisma. The 
 long quantity in Nubo is an ob- 
 jection ; though some refer dU- 
 co, 1 think, to Soxw; and vice 
 versa <p/2go$ becomes furis. Or 
 possibly yvovtpew, yvovQw, was a 
 poetical form of yvoQsco, as vov- 
 
 1 ,l Pers. nu, Welsh naw, Armoric 
 naou, Irish naoi, Goth, niun, Anglo-Sax. 
 nigan, nigen, nigon, Eng). nine, Germ. 
 neun." W. " From novus, [i. e. novissi- 
 mus, last,]. For it is the last of the nine 
 digits." f-laigh. 
 
 2 •' Pers. Armor. Germ, neu, Goth. 
 niujo, Anglo-Sax. neowe, niwe, Franc. 
 niuu, Belg. niew, nieuw, Engl, new, Dan. 
 nij, Irish ma, nuatk." W. 
 
 3 Lennep : " Nuju^tj for vv<pn,ix. vvfiw, 
 to cover, Lat. nubo." 
 
NUB- 
 
 NUM 
 
 291 
 
 wog of vo<ro$. From gnubo would 
 be nubo, as Gnosco, Noseo. 1 
 
 Nubo, I marry, as said of the 
 woman. That is, nubo caput 
 flammeo, I cover my head with 
 a veil, as women did, when pre- 
 sented to their husband at the 
 marriage rite, ^T Al. from vuQw 
 or vu/3co, pf. vevvQct, whence vu<p)j, 
 
 Nucleus, the kernel of a nut. 
 Fr. nux, uucis, whence nucu- 
 leus, nucleus. Plautus : " Qui 
 e mice nucleum vult, frangit nu- 
 cem." Hence, the stone of an 
 olive, plum, &c. 
 
 Nudius tertius, three days 
 ago. Cicero : " Nudius tertius 
 dediad te epistolam longiorem." 
 That is, Nunc dies tertius est 
 quo dedi &c. Cicero : " Re- 
 cordamini, qui dies nudius tertius 
 fuerit." Here dies is repeated. 
 
 Nudus, naked ; made naked, 
 stripped, bereaved. From a 
 word i/ij8uT0£,not clothed; transp. 
 v^uSros, neudtus, neudus, nudus. 
 Or from ne-dutus, or from ne* 
 indutus. 
 
 Nugce, verses sung by women 
 hired to make lamentation at 
 funerals. " From Hebr. nugi, 
 mcesti ; fern, nugoth, nicest*. 
 As Nenia also is from the East." 
 V. And hence, like Nenia, 
 nuga is said of idle stories, non- 
 sense, trifles, ^f Al. from ne or 
 lieu ago. Quae nihil agunt, nihil 
 valent. 
 
 1 Vossius refers nubes to the oriental 
 NPH, " stillavit :" and then from nubes 
 derives nubo : " Nubis instar tego." 
 
 2 Bp. Burgess refers nubo to veva, I nod 
 assent, whence nuVo,nuBo: lt Viri est 
 petere ; virginis est assentiri, annuere" 
 
 Nullus, none. Ne ullus. As 
 None is Ne-one. 
 
 Num, whether ? Fr. jxwv, 
 transp. vw/x,, whence num, as Qflp, 
 fUr. 
 
 Numella, stocks ; shackles. 
 Fr. vevsvfxon pp. of vsuco, to make 
 to bend forward. Or fr. vsvupoii 
 pp. of vvcd, same as vsuoo. As 
 Ku<poov from Kvtttoo, Ksxutpu. 
 % Becman : " A forma numo- 
 rum, quos articuli sive liga- 
 menta mutuo juncta reprassen- 
 tant. Sicut hoc tempore idem 
 quoque interdum conspicamur." 
 Numen, a nod. Fr. nuo, 
 whence Annuo, Innuo. As 
 Fluo, Flumen. Also, the will, 
 as expressed by a nod. The 
 will of the Gods. Homer : 
 'JSttevsucs Kpovlcov. And their 
 power, as by their very nod their 
 desires were accomplished. Jt 
 is applied also to the Gods 
 themselves, to whom power be- 
 longs. It is also applied to the 
 dominion and power of princes. 
 Numero, i count. Fr.nume- 
 rus. 
 
 Numero, full soon, very soon, 
 too soon. Vossius : " As things 
 are quickly numbered, numero 
 means quickly, i. e. as soon as a 
 thing can be numbered." Some- 
 what as Mox is as soon as one 
 can move. Or had numero a 
 reference to the expression " nu- 
 merata pecunia," money paid 
 down, ready money, whence 
 " in numerato habere*' was to 
 have in readiness, " praesens 
 paratumque habere." Or, as 
 numerus means (t copia," did 
 numero adverbially mean abun- 
 dantly, so as to stand for " nu- 
 
292 
 
 NUM 
 
 NUT 
 
 merb temporis," i. e. abunde 
 temporis ? Plautus : " Numerb 
 hue advenis ad prandium :" You 
 have come in full time, You are 
 full soon enough. 
 
 Numerus, number, quantity. 
 Numeri are feet or verses, airs 
 or tunes, depending on certain 
 numbers or quantities of sounds ; 
 certain proportions and harmo- 
 nies calculated by number. 
 Also, the motions used in the 
 exercises of the palaestra, regu- 
 lated by certain airs. Numerus 
 is fr. vevo/jta pf. mid. of ve/xw, to 
 divide. That is, measure which 
 is made by dividing an aggre- 
 gate into minute parts and so 
 counting it. Forcellini defines 
 Humerus " discrete quanti- 
 tatis mensura." Fr. vsvopot or 
 vojxx is v6(juo§j vopop, whence nu- 
 merus, as fiom^hfxoc, 'flpoq, is 
 Humerus. So Numida? from 
 Nopuhg, Numisma from No- 
 
 pH<T[XCl. 
 
 Numidce, the Numidians. 
 
 Numisma, a coin. Nofn^fiu. 
 
 Nummularius, a money- 
 changer. Qui nummos seu num- 
 mulos mutat, numerat, &c. 
 
 Nummus, Numus, a piece of 
 money ; money. Fr. vou^og, 
 used by Epicharmus, a Sicilian 
 poet. 
 
 Nunc, now. Fr. vvv ye, vvv y, 
 nung, nunc. Or fr. vvv xe f vvv 
 x', nunc. 
 
 Nuncubi, whether in any 
 place, in any thing. For num- 
 cubi, from num alicubi. 
 
 Nuncupo, I name, call. Fr. 
 nornen capio, whence nomen- 
 cupo, (as Occapio, Occupo,) 
 
 noncupo, nuncupo. That is, I 
 take out, select, or choose a name 
 for a person or thing. Compare 
 Nunrlinse. 
 
 Nundina, a fair held every 
 ninth day. For novendincz feriae, 
 whence nondina, nundirice. 
 
 Nundinor, I buy or sell. Fr. 
 nundina. 
 
 Nunquam, never. Ne un- 
 quam. So Nullus. 
 
 Nuntio, Nuncio : See Ap- 
 pendix. 
 
 Nuntius, Nuncius, a mes- 
 senger of news ; a message. 
 See Nuntio, 
 
 Nuo, (whence Annuo, Innuo, 
 Nuto,) I nod. Nsvoo. 
 
 Nuper, lately, recently. Fr. 
 novus, whence noviper, (as Pa- 
 rumper, Paullisper,) noiper, nu- 
 per, as Providens, Proidens, 
 Prudens. So Gr. vscoct/. 
 
 Nupta, a spouse. Fr. nubo, 
 nubtum, nuptum. 
 
 Nupticd, the marriage rite. 
 See Nupta. 
 
 Nurus, a daughter-in-law. 
 Fr. vvo$, whence nurus, as pvos, 
 muRis ; povo-aoov, musaRum. 
 The Poets use nurus in a gene- 
 ral manner for any woman. 
 
 Nusquam, no where. Ne us- 
 quam. 
 
 Nuto, I nod. Hence, I wave, 
 shake, totter, vacillate, am doubt- 
 ful or uncertain. Fr. nuo, nu- 
 tum. 
 
 Nutrio, I nourish, nurture. 
 Fr. vewTsgos, later, more recent, 
 younger ; whence veoorepity, I 
 attend on the t younger ones, 
 bring them up ; whence fut. 
 vsoorspla-oo, vscoTepiw, whence voo- 
 toio), then nutrio, as (pflpos, fU- 
 
NUT- 
 
 OBB 
 
 2Q3 
 
 ris. This is a new sense of vs- 
 wreplZco, it is true ; but, as from 
 wofig, iruttios, a child, is TraiSsuco, 
 to bring up or educate children; 
 so from vsuiTspog, younger, might 
 be vsoorsgl^oo, to bring up young 
 persons, juniores euro. Or 
 there might have been a word 
 veooTspsvco. ^[ Al. from vsorpo- 
 Qsco, contr. veorpsw. Or fr. vsoo- 
 Tpotyeco, vooTpiui. 
 
 Nntrix, a nurse. Fr. nutrio. 
 
 Niitus, a nod ; assent. Fr. 
 nuo, niitum. 
 
 Nux, nucis, a nut. Fr. v6%co 
 fut. of vu<r<roo, to break. Hesy- 
 chius : Nvovsi* nodei, pYjOvei, 
 Because a nut requires to be 
 broken. Plautus : " Qui e nuce 
 nucleum esse vult, frangit 
 nucem." ^[ VVachter asserts 
 that the nut is not a Latin pro- 
 duction, but that it sponta- 
 neously grows in Germany. 
 He gives it therefore a German 
 origin. " Anglo-Sax. hiwt, 
 Belg. noot, neut, Germ, nuss" 
 W.« 
 
 Nyctalops, purblind. Nuxtu- 
 Aanf/. 
 
 Nyctelius, Bacchus whose 
 rites were celebrated at night. 
 Nvxts\io$. 
 
 Nympha, a spouse. iVu//,<p>j. 
 It is perhaps used also for water. 
 See Lymph a. 
 
 O. 
 
 o, oh! *n. 
 
 1 Haigh : " Perhaps from 6vv£, ovv%os, 
 (Vu£, 'vvxos,) a nail, hoof, shell of a 
 fish." That is : ovvt,, from signifying a 
 hard horny substance, came to signify a 
 nut from its hard covering. 
 
 Oarion, Orion. From y Oxg(- 
 wv, which occurs in Pindar. 
 
 Ob. As Ab is for Ap, 'An ; 
 so ob is probably for op, op\ 
 from otto., i. e. xut oitct, in the 
 face of, before ; and hence it 
 means in compounds, in the 
 way of, against, and expresses 
 impediment and opposition. So 
 uvt) (whence Ante) is used in 
 these senses. Ob is used for 
 Ad, (says Festus) in Ennius : 
 " Ob Romam noctu legiones 
 ducere ccepit." That is, in 
 front of. Ob means also, like 
 uvt), in compensation for, as a 
 balance against. One thing be- 
 ing put against another. Te- 
 rence : " Arrhabonem a me ac- 
 cepisti ob mulierem." Hence 
 ob is, for, on account of. And 
 avT» is so used. Sophocles : 
 'Avt) 7rai$wv rwvSe IxeTsvopiv 
 <rs 0Ja,7ravTS£. Hence ob is for, 
 to the purpose of. Sallust : 
 " Id frustra an ob rem faciam" 
 &c. % Al. from s7tj, whence 
 ep, eb, ob. ^f Ob seems simi- 
 larly used in German. Wachter : 
 " Ob, ad, apud, coram. Ob 
 handen, ad manus, prae mani- 
 bus." Jamieson notes the Dutch 
 *' oba guate, pro bono." 
 
 ObceratiiSy given over to one's 
 creditors for debt. Obstrictus 
 are alieno, et addictus. 
 
 Obba, a bowl, jug, mug. 
 " From Hebr. ob." Becman. 
 " From Chald. oba." Ainsw. 
 If A J. for obbiba from obbibo. 
 For drinking from, ^[ Al. from 
 cc(jl(3i%, opfiij;, (as ayxo$ and oy- 
 xo; are allied ; and otxpog and 
 oxpi$; and perhaps upfioov, o^cov 
 with o/a$«Xoj,) ojSjSif . 
 
294 
 
 OUD 
 
 OBN 
 
 Obdo, I place against, bolt. 
 See Abdo and Ob. 
 
 Obduco, I cover. Here ob 
 is against or before. 
 
 Obedio, I give ear to, obey. 
 For obaudio, obudio, obedio, as 
 Juro, Dejero. ^f Or fr. 07r>j&ea>. 
 I follow. Sequor, Obsequor. 
 
 Obeliscus, an obelisk. '0/3s- 
 
 AuTX0£. 
 
 Obelus, a mark in the form of 
 a spit. 'OfaXos. 
 
 Obeo mortem, I go and face 
 death, I meet my death, 1 die. 
 See Ob. 
 
 Obesus, fat, plump. Dacier : 
 u From Hebr. abas, to fatten." 
 ^f If others are right in referring 
 obesus to edo, esus must be taken 
 in the sense of adesus, exesus, 
 wasted away, and so meagre : 
 and ob contradicts it. 1 
 
 Obex, obicis, objicis, a bar, 
 bolt, barrier. Obex, obicis is for 
 objex, objicis, from objicio, I 
 cast before or in the way of. 
 
 Objicio, I cast against a per- 
 son or argument, object against, 
 upbraid, &c. "Fr.jacio. 
 
 Obiter, as one goes along, in 
 the course of one's passage ; by 
 the way, incidentally. That is, 
 ob iter. Ob is in the face of, in 
 the way of. 
 
 Obitus, death. Fr. obeo, 
 obitum. From the expression, 
 obeo mortem. 
 
 Objurgo, I (jurgo) contend 
 against, scold, accuse, rebuke. 
 
 1 Jones refers obesus to uTjSos, which Pol- 
 lux explains " the finest part of the ox." 
 IF Wachter compares Germ, azen, ciba- 
 re, and as, food ; and Gr. foai, to sa- 
 tiate. 
 
 Oblatus, offered. That is, 
 brought in the way of. 
 
 Oblecto, 1 delight. See De- 
 lecto. 
 
 Obliquus, slanting, awry, ob- 
 lique. Fr. Ai£, which Hesychius 
 explains by TtXuyiog. A)% might 
 make hixog or Xixog- H Or 
 from liquo, whence linquo, li* 
 qui. Leaving the straight path 
 and turning sideways. See Li- 
 mits, a, urn. % " Fr. ob and 
 liquo. To flow aside." Tt. 
 Rather, from liquor. As I in 
 liquo is short. For ob, see Ob- 
 stitus. 
 
 Oblittero, Oblitero : I efface. 
 " Liter is aliquid superduco, ut 
 priores deleantur. Ob, ut in 
 Objicio, Obduco." V. f Al. 
 from oblino, oblitus, I smear 
 over, blot out. But here I is 
 short. 
 
 Obliviscor, I forget. " Fr. 
 lino, livi, whence livisco, obli- 
 visco, obliviscor." So Valcke- 
 naer, who explains obliviscor 
 " oblino et deleo quod cerse 
 erat impressum." Scheide : 
 " Oblirii incipio, vestigiis rerum 
 quasi deletis." Habeo mentem 
 obtttam, mentem sum obli- 
 tus. <§ Haigh : " Fr. livo, fr. 
 KsIttw, to be deficient, to fail." 
 As leVis from Xs2J*V. 
 
 Oblivium, forgetfulness. See 
 Obliviscor. 
 
 O/jlbquor, I speak so as to 
 be in another's way and hinder 
 him, I interrupt. Also, [ speak 
 against. 
 
 Obnoxius, who is (ob noxiarn) 
 in the way of hurt ; exposed or 
 liable to hurt or injury, to sick- 
 ness, &c. Also, who is in the 
 
OBO- 
 
 OBS 
 
 295 
 
 way of accusation or punish- 
 ment ; under fear or awe of a 
 creditor, magistrate, &c. ; given 
 over to punishment, in the pow- 
 er of a creditor or a magistrate ; 
 bound, subject, dependent, sub- 
 missive. These second mean- 
 ings may also be explained in 
 the sense of (noxia) hurt: as 
 being in the way of or exposed 
 to hurt from a creditor, magis- 
 trate, superior. 
 
 Oboleo, J stink (ob) in the 
 face of another. 
 
 Obolus, a small Greek coin. 
 
 Oborior, I rise up (06) be- 
 fore or in the way of another 
 unawares. 
 
 Obrogo, I invalidate an old 
 law (rogando) by moving or 
 bringing in a new one (ob) con- 
 trary to it. 
 
 Obrussa, Obrusa, Obryzum, 
 the essay or trial of gold ; trial, 
 test. "Oj3pv&, "OfipuKov. 
 
 Obs in comp., the same as 
 ob. On the model of Ab, 
 Abs. 
 
 Obscenus, Obscanus, Obscaz- 
 nus, unlucky, ill-boding, of bad 
 omen. And hence abominable, 
 (which is nothing but ill-omened, 
 male ominosus,) detestable, dis- 
 gusting, foul. For obsctevinus, 
 from ob and scava, an omen. 
 Plautus : " Bona scceva est mi- 
 ni." Ob here is, in the way of, 
 against. ^ Al. from obs and 
 caznum, filth ; or from ob and 
 the Sabine scoznum, as Sccelum, 
 Scoena, are said to have been 
 used by the Sabines for Ccelum, 
 Ccena. Virgil, who calls the 
 Harpies " obscenas volucres," 
 
 says also of them : " Contactu- 
 que omnia fcedant Immun- 
 do." But the meaning of ill- 
 boding does not seem so well to 
 follow from that of foul, as vice 
 versa/ 
 
 Obscurus, dark. Fr. ob and 
 scurus. Scurus from <rxiepo$, 
 shady. Or obscurus is fr. hm- 
 a-xispog. Or rather scurus is from 
 <rxvsgo$ or crxvpos from <rxvou, I 
 darken. Blomfield: 2 ". From the 
 ancient root <rxuco were o-xu£cu, 
 <rx68w, <ixubp!>$." So also (Txvl^ai- 
 voo, crxy/jtvoj, <rxvTog. Donnegan 
 has : " Sxvpog, a wood or woody 
 place, in Tabul. Heracl. p. 
 232." Germ, schuren is to 
 cover. ^[ Al. from obs and cut a. 
 As referring to intricate and 
 difficult subjects which oppose 
 and resist one's care and as- 
 siduity. But this is rather a 
 metaphorical meaning arising 
 from that of shady and dusky. 
 
 Obstcro, I beseech. For ob- 
 sacro. Peto ob sacra, i. e. ob 
 Deos eorumque sacra. 
 
 Obsequium, compliance. Fr. 
 obsequor, I follow in the way 
 of. 
 
 Observo, I watch, observe, 
 attend to. Fr. servo, I preserve, 
 protect, defend. 
 
 Obses, obsidis, a hostage ; a 
 
 1 Al. from the Opsci, used by Ennius 
 (as quoted by Festas) for the Osci. Fes- 
 tus : " Stupra inconcessae libidinis ob- 
 scena dicuntur,.ab ejus gentis consuetu- 
 dine inducta." % Al. from ob and scena, 
 the stage. As being in the way of, i. e. 
 as degrading, the stage. Or, as only met 
 with on the stage. 
 
 8 Ad iEsch. Agam. 726. 
 
296 
 
 OBS- 
 
 OBS 
 
 pledge. Fr. obsedeo. One who 
 is attentively and closely watched. 
 Cicero : " Speeulatur aique ob- 
 sidet rostra." 
 
 Obsideo, I besiege. That is, 
 I sit in front of, and I beset. 
 So Gr. etysfigevw, 'zegixa.Qltyp.cti. 
 
 Obsitus, sown so as to be an 
 impediment, set thick, overset, 
 thickly occupied, covered, op- 
 pressed. Fr. sero, satum. Ob. 
 as in Obsto. 
 
 Obsoleo, Obsolesco, I grow 
 out of use. From obs and 
 oleo ; or ob and soleo. Ob or 
 obs, denoting opposition and 
 contradiction. 
 
 Obsonium, fish, flesh, meat, 
 &c. For opsonium fr. otywviov, 
 same as o\J/ov. 
 
 Obsono, I purchase provi- 
 sions. '0\[/a)vsco, ovl/covw. 
 
 Obstaculum, an obstacle. Fr. 
 obsto. As Specto, Spectacu- 
 lum. 
 
 Obstetrix, a woman who as- 
 sists in child-birth. For obsti- 
 trix fr. obsto, or obsislo, obsti- 
 tum, I stand in front of or be- 
 fore. As Assisto, I assist. Hill: 
 " By some critics ob is taken 
 here as equal to Ad: but it 
 more properly means Before, 
 and refers to the station of the 
 accoucheur, when assistance is 
 necessary." 
 
 Obstinatus, resolved, reso- 
 lute, firm, obstinate. Fr. obstino. 
 
 Obstino, I resolve firmly. Fr. 
 obs and teneo. Somewhat as 
 Occupo from Obcapio. That 
 is, I hold out against. % Al. 
 from obsto. See Destino. 
 
 Obstipeo, I become doltish. 
 Stipes fio. 
 
 Obsilpus, bent awry and in a 
 stiff position. Fr. stipus, fr. 
 g-tv$o$, firm, rigid. Suetonius: 
 " Incedebat cervice RIGIDA et 
 obstipa." Ob is " ante," be- 
 fore. Forcellini explains obsti- 
 pum caput, " in anteriorem 
 partem deflexum, simulque rigi- 
 dum i mm ot unique." ^f Al. 
 from stipes. Stipitis instar im- 
 motus. 
 
 Obstitus, blasted with light- 
 ning. Fr. obsto, obstitum. 
 Dacier : " As having opposed 
 the Gods. Virgil : Diique 
 Deseque omnes quibus obstitit 
 llion." Obstitus is also trans- 
 lated oblique. Apuleius: "Lu- 
 na radios solis obstiti\e\ adversi 
 usurpat." Dacier explains ob- 
 stitus "obliquusab obsistendo" 
 Ob is in one's way, thwart, 
 (whence we say To thwart 
 another,) as in Obliquus. In 
 Lucretius iv, 517, " Omnia men- 
 dose fieri atque obstita neces- 
 sum est," the 1 is long and 
 therefore opposes the derivation 
 from obsto, obstitum. But the 
 proper reading seems to be 
 obstipa, and so Wakefield reads 
 it. 
 
 Obsto, I stand in the way of, 
 withstand. 
 
 Obstrigillo, Obstringillo , I 
 oppose. Fr. ob, in the way of; 
 strigo, I rest, stop, stand still. 
 Like Obsto. Strigillo, like 
 Scribillo. ^f Or from strigo, 
 stringo. I brush, scrape, or 
 rub against. "Strigillo ve- 
 teri Onomastico exponitur 
 #»." V. 
 
 Obstruo, I pile up in the way 
 of, block up. 
 
OBS- 
 
 ■occ 
 
 297 
 
 Obsum, I am in the way of 
 or against, hinder, oppose, am 
 injurious to. 
 
 Obtempero, I comply with. 
 Tempero me ob i. e. ad alterius 
 voluntatem. Ob, as in Obse- 
 quor. 
 
 Obtentus, a pretext. That 
 which is (obtentum) spread or 
 placed out before another, al- 
 leged. 
 
 Obtestor, I call solemnly to 
 witness. Also, I solemnly 
 entreat. Cicero: " Deos De- 
 asque imploro atque obtestor 
 &c." Hence obtestor is used 
 so generally. Cicero : " Per 
 omnes Deos te obtestor ut" 
 &c. 
 
 Obticeo, I am silent. Fr. 
 taceo. 
 
 Obtineo, I hold, possess, &c. 
 Fr. teneo. 
 
 Obtirtgit, it happens. See 
 Contingit. 
 
 Obtrecto f I disparage, tra- 
 duce. For obtracto. That is, 
 I treat a person to his disadvan- 
 tage. Ob is contrarily to, in 
 opposition to, as in Obsum, 
 Obsto. 
 
 Obturo, I block up. For 
 obthuro fr. Qupct. That is, I 
 place a door against. The u in 
 Qvga is short; but this does not 
 seem a strong. objection, ^f Al. 
 from thus, thuris. Varro : "At- 
 que etiam sacerdotes aures suas 
 thure replebant, ne peregrinis 
 verbis imercedentibus confusei 
 carminum memoria turbaren- 
 tur." 
 
 Obtusus, beaten, battered, 
 blunted. Fr. obtundo. 
 
 Obviam, in one's way so as to 
 
 Etym. 
 
 meet with, or to meet against 
 and oppose. Ob victm. 
 
 Obvioy i meet. Fr. obvius. 
 See Obviam. 
 
 Occasio, an opportunity. Ca- 
 sus se offerens, i. e. meeting us 
 in our way. 
 
 Occidens, the west. Where 
 the sun (occidit) falls or sets. 
 
 Occido, I beat, kill. Fr. 
 cccdo. 
 
 Occillo, I maul. Fr. occo, 
 I break or beat clods. As 
 Scribo, Scribillo. 
 
 Occiput, the hinder part of 
 the head. For occaput. Ob 
 is, ex adverso, e regione. 
 
 Occo, I harrow, break clods. 
 Wachter: " Eg, egge, (Germ.) 
 a harrow. A Celtic word. Lat. 
 occa, Welsh og. From ecke, 
 an edge, point." We may men- 
 tion too the Anglo-Sax. haccan, 
 to cut, to hack. So also Gr. 
 olxyj, a point, edge ; and perhaps 
 a word oxyj, whence oxgic, a 
 point. So from a verb oxoo, ogas, 
 Valckenaer derives ojus, 1 sharp. 
 'Ox)), oxxYj, Dor. oxxot, would 
 be occa, whence occo. 
 
 Occulo, I cover over, hide. 
 For obcelo, as vice versa from 
 Juro is Dejero. ^f Al. for 
 occolo. " Proprie dici volunt, 
 cum agrum colendo, arando, oc- 
 cando, semina aut plantas terra 
 condimus et contegimus." F. 
 
 Occulto, 1 hide. Fr. occulo, 
 occultum. 
 
 Occupo, I seize, take. From 
 ob and capio. Also, 1 take up, 
 engross, occupy. Horace:" .Nu- 
 
 1 Though Dainm does not ill derive 
 o^bs from |u«. 
 
 2 p 
 
2Q8 
 
 OCE 
 
 OFF 
 
 be polum, pater, occupato." So, 
 I take up the time of, I engage, 
 occupy, employ. Plautus: " Il- 
 ium Dii perduint, qui hac re 
 homines occupatos occupant " 
 Also, 1 employ money, lend it. 
 That is, I take it up and lay it 
 out. Also, I take before ano- 
 ther, anticipate. Here ob is, 
 ante. 
 
 Oceanus, the ocean. 'flxeavos. 
 
 Ocellus, a little eye. Fr. ocu- 
 lus. 
 
 Ocimum, the herb sweet basil. 
 
 Ocior, Ocyor, swifter. Fr. 
 coxioov, swifter. Or at once fr. 
 dxu$. 
 
 Ocrea : See Appendix. 
 
 Ocris, an eminence. "Oxpig. 
 
 Octavus, eighth. Fr. octo. 
 
 Octo, eight. 'Oxrco. 
 
 October, the eighth month 
 from March. As September, 
 
 Octophoron, a sedan carried 
 by eight slaves. 'OxTtx<pogov. 
 
 Octussis, eight asses. Fr. octo 
 asses. 
 
 Oculiss^imus, dearest. From 
 the expression, Dear as one's 
 eyes. 
 
 Oculus, an eye. An eye or 
 knob, whence buds spring. Fr. 
 ocus, as Servus, Servulus. Dod- 
 negan : <( "Oxo$ and oxxog, He- 
 sych., the eye." % Wachter : 
 " Martini attributes to the Scla- 
 vonians the word oho or ocho ; 
 Frenzel to the Sorabians woko. 
 And in the Lithuanian version I 
 find aki." 
 
 Ode, an ode, song. '/ItSij. 
 
 Odeum, a singing or music 
 room. 'Slfisiov. 
 
 Odi, I hate, detest, abhor. 
 
 Fr. wQew, coQu), I repel, reject. 
 Horace: " Odi profanum vul- 
 gus et arceo." So orDo 
 from 6pM$. See Dea. ^] Al. 
 from olvoo, whence oStWopx*, I 
 am enraged with. 
 
 Odium, hatred. Fr. odi. 
 
 Odor, a scent, smell. Fr. 
 olio fut. 2. of o$a), to smell. 
 
 Odoro, I smell at ; I smell 
 out, hunt out by the smell, trace, 
 track. Fr. odor, odoris. 
 
 (Economia, management of 
 household affairs ; management, 
 economy. Olxovoplot. 
 
 CEnophorum, a cask, flask. 
 Oivoipogoy. 
 
 CEnopolium, a place where 
 wine is sold. OlvowwXsiov. 
 
 Oestrus, the gad-fly ; fury, 
 frenzy. Glorgoj. 
 
 Qhsypum, greasy wool. OT- 
 crvirog. 
 
 Ofella, a small piece of meat. 
 For offella fr. offa, offula, as 
 Mamma, Mamilla. Offella, as 
 Ocus, Oculus, Ocellus. 
 
 Offa, a cake made of flour 
 and honey. Virgil : " Melle 
 soporatam et medicatis frugibus 
 off amy From oprrj, of/.woi f iEol. 
 omrct, whence oip^a; or from 
 0jU<7r«, whence opipot, o<p$ot. He- 
 sychius : "Opirotr QuptxTu nvpcp xou 
 piXiri dshvpeva. Also: "O^inar 
 new rod an a rgooyuhia. Offa is 
 also a mass or lump of meat, or 
 of any thing. 
 
 Offhido, I hit or strike against, 
 stumble against. I go or do 
 amiss. I stumble in my affairs, 
 am unfortunate. I light on, 
 find. I run against, and so 
 annoy, hurt, displease, offend. 
 And in a neuter sense, I meet 
 
OFF- 
 
 OLI 
 
 299 
 
 with a rub or stop, I run against 
 a thing and so receive hurt or 
 annoyance, I am displeased or 
 offended. Yr.fendo, I strike. 
 
 Offensa, a striking against ; 
 hurt ; displeasure, offence. Fr. 
 qffendo, offensum. 
 
 Offensus, striking or struck 
 against. Also, displeased, of- 
 fended. Fr. offendo, offensum, 
 
 Offerumenta, a stripe, cut. 
 Fr. offero, offeritum, whence 
 offerimenta. Quain offers faciei. 
 
 Officina, a workshop. Fr. opi- 
 Jicium, whence opijicina, opfi- 
 cina, officina. % Al. from offi- 
 cio, whence officium. 
 
 Officio, 1 hinder. That is, 
 facio ob, I do against. So Ob- 
 sum, Obsto. 
 
 Officiosus, ready to do {offi- 
 cium) a duty, ready to serve. 
 
 Officium, a duty, office. For 
 offacium. What we do (ob) in 
 service to another. As ob in 
 Obstetrix. ^[ Al. for opificium, 
 opficium. Where opi is from opus. 
 
 Offoco, I strangle. For of- 
 fauco, as *Cauda, Coda. Ob 
 implies hurt, as in Officio. 
 
 Offucia, paint ; disguise, 
 trick. Fr.fucus. 
 
 Oh, an interjection of various 
 import. */2, co. 
 
 Ohe, holla, ho ! '/2^. 
 
 Olea, an olive-tree. For elea 
 fr. sXoilcc. So "EXuiov, Oleum. 
 
 Oleaster, the wild olive. Fr. 
 olea. As Poeta, Poetaster. 
 
 Oleo, I smell. For odeo, (.as 
 6Av<r<rsvs, uLysses,) fr. o5w (i. e. 
 o$ego) fut. 2. of o£co. Festus 
 states that Odefacit was said for 
 Olfacit, i. e. for Olefacit. 
 
 Oleo } I grow. Allied to alo } 
 
 aXca, aleo, aXsca. So not only 
 ccyoo seems to have existed, but 
 oyw, whence oypo$, a furrow. 
 So we have axpog and oxgi?; 
 ctyxvXog and oynog ; oc^/Scav and 
 6fjt,Qot\os, So perhaps from the 
 obsolete verbs uXco, oXw, uXico, 
 6x(a), to roll, we have uXivlzca, to 
 roll ; oXur&sio, to slip. From 
 oXw, to roll, and so precipitate, 
 are oXecu, oWvfii, to ruin. Taci- 
 tus : " Multique fortunis pro- 
 volvebantur." I add a re- 
 mark of Lennep : '* Tria verba 
 vicina sunt, ex quibus ingens 
 verborum copia orta est, olXoo, 
 eXco, oXoi." 
 
 Oleo, I destroy. 'OXeoo. But 
 it is not certain that the word in 
 this sense ever entered the Latin 
 language. See Aboleo and 
 Deleo. 
 
 Oletum, an olive-yard. Fr. 
 olea. Or for olivetum fr. olea. 
 
 Oletum, a place of bad smell. 
 Fr. oleo. 
 
 Oleum, oil. See Olea. 
 
 Olfdcio, I make to smell, give 
 a scent to. For olere-facio. It 
 is generally used for, to smell, 
 to smell out. That is, I make 
 or cause a scent to come to 
 myself from an object. 
 
 Olidus, rank. Fr. oleo. 
 
 Olim, in time past, and in 
 time to come. Also, for a 
 long time past. Sometimes 
 olim expresses what has been 
 a custom and exists still. Ho- 
 race : " Ut pueris olim dant 
 crustulablandi Doctores." Olim 
 is soft for ollim fr. olle, ille. 
 Ollim seems to be an accusative, 
 as Im is of Is ; and to be con- 
 strued like Alias. Olim thus 
 
)00 
 
 OL1 
 
 OMA 
 
 means, in Mo tempore. As op- 
 posed to, in hoc tempore. 
 Horace: " Non, si male nunc, 
 et olim Sic erit." That is : Non, 
 si in hoc tempore male est, et in 
 illo tempore male erit. And, as 
 Nunc is opposed to both past 
 and future times, olim can have 
 both senses. Festus has " Ollic, 
 illic : ut Olli, illi." From oik 
 is also Ultra, as we shall see. 
 % " From the Hebr. oluvm or 
 gnolaum." Becman. " Olim, 
 from gnolaum, saeculum : quod 
 idem interdum significat." Ains- 
 worth. 1 
 
 Oliior, one who raises or sells 
 {olera) potherbs. For oleritor. 
 Oltva, an olive. Fr. hkalu, 
 whence IXctiVu, eliva, oliva, as 
 '£A«7a, Olea ; "EXaiov, Oleum. 
 Perhaps ekuU was corrupted to 
 sXssa. 
 
 Ollvum, oil. Fr. eXctiov. Or 
 fr. oliva, which see. 
 
 Olla, a pot, jar. Fr. obba, 
 whence obbula, obla, olla. % Or 
 from ohis, oieris, whence olera, 
 olra, olla. A pot in which 
 herbs are cooked. We say Pot- 
 herbs. Catullus : " Ipsa olera 
 olla legit." Qlus, oieris, olera, 
 as Opus, Operis, Opera. Com- 
 pare also Patera, Arcera. ^f Or 
 from aula, a pot ; whence ola, 
 as cAUda, cOda. Then oli- 
 cula, cut down to olla. 
 
 1 As TlaAat, formerly, is fr. ira\S) fut. 
 of Tcakkb), to shake, from the notion of 
 shaking backwards and forwards : so 
 Scheide brings olim from a verb #Aa>, (the 
 parent of oXXvfii, oKiados, '6\os, oAfios, 
 SX/xos,) to roll, to roll round. He sup- 
 poses olim to come from kclt* o\iv, as 
 ir&Ktv to be put for Kara irahiv from the 
 same word iraKu. 
 
 Ollus, that. Ancient form of 
 illus or Me, which was changed 
 from olle, as Imbris is for Om- 
 bris. Ollus or Me is opposed 
 to Hie. Hie, this: Me, that, 
 or the other, o uXXo$, contr. 
 cuXXog, or even wXXoc, ollus. 
 Donnegan and Hederic write it 
 wAAo£. ^1 Vossius derives Me 
 from Hebr. elle. 
 
 Olor, a swan. From »80 j, a 
 singer; iEol. cotbp, whence olor, 
 as oLeo for oDeo, uLysses 
 from oAuddBug. Ovid : a Sic, 
 ubi fata vocant, udis abjectus in 
 herbis Ad vada JNIagandri con- 
 cinit albus olor." It is true 
 that O in olor is short: but we 
 have fera from $Hpo$ ; &.c. 
 
 Olus, Holus, eris, any kind 
 of potherbs. Fr. oleo, to grow. 
 " Nam generatim sic appella- 
 bant, quicquid sativag herbae 
 CUESCERET, cujus foliis et 
 caule in cibum udmur^' V. 
 ^f Wachter notices Germ, kol, 
 " brassica, et omnis herba qua: 
 non immediate e terra, sed e 
 scapo supra terrain assurgit." • 
 Olympias, an Olympiad. 
 
 Olympionlces, a victor at the 
 Olympian games. 'OXyjX7rjo- 
 vlxyg. 
 
 Olympus, Heaven. "OXvfwrog. 
 
 Omasum, a bullock's paunch, 
 tripe. A Gallic word. The 
 Glosses add to their explanation 
 of this word, tyj tcov r<xXXcov 
 yXcjoTTYj, (t iii the language of the 
 Gauls'/' 3 
 
 2 u Helvigius refers olus or hohis to 
 Kebr. ochel, cibus, esca." W. 
 
 3 " Perhaps omasum is from VU]?, one- 
 rare." V. 
 
OME 
 
 OPA 
 
 SOI 
 
 Omen, an augury, omen. For 
 ommen fr. ojotjxa, that which is 
 seen, a sight. As depending on 
 seeing and observing birds, &c. 
 <([ Or from os, oris, whence oil- 
 men, omen. Voxfortuita. Livy: 
 " Centurio exclamavit, Statue 
 signum. Qua voce audita, Se- 
 natus accipere se omen esclama- 
 vit." Or fr. oro, or amen. Oro is 
 to utter. 51 Or from oscen,oscinis, 
 a bird which foreboded by singing, 
 &c. ; whence oscinimen, osmen, 
 omen. As Inferrimus becomes 
 Inmus, Iinus. Varro says that 
 omen was formerly osmen. 
 
 Omentum, the caul, thin mem- 
 brane which incloses the bow els. 
 The bowels themselves. The 
 membrane which incloses the 
 brain. Fr. operio, whence ope- 
 rimentum, oprnenlum, omentum. 
 % Or fr. vpYjv, a membrane ; 
 whence umentum,'(as Momen, 
 Momentum,) omentum, as r/ Tg«£, 
 Sorex. ^f Al. from omen. Omens 
 being taken from it. 
 
 Ominor, I augur. Fr. omen, 
 ominis. 
 
 Omitto, I send or throw 
 aside. For obmitto, where ob 
 means aside, as in Obliquus, 
 Obstitus. Or, 1 send behind, 
 as ob means in Occiput. 
 
 Ommfariam, in all kinds of 
 ways. See Multifariam. 
 
 Omnino, altogether. Fr. om- 
 nis. 
 
 Omnis, B.W. For homnis from 
 OjOtou, together ; whence bominis, 
 (somewhat as from Facio is Fa- 
 cinus ; and from Miyets Megi- 
 lius, Megnus, Magnus,) then 
 homnis. H dropt, as in Ulcus 
 from r, E\xo s . % Or from 6/ao- 
 
 vov$, (opvov$,) unanimous, all to- 
 gether. 
 
 Onager, a wild ass. *Ova- 
 ypoc. Also, a warlike machine 
 for hurling large stones. Suidas 
 seems to mention it in "Ovctypog. 
 Ammianus gives this account of 
 it : " Onagri vocabulum indi- 
 dit aetas novella, ea re quod 
 asini fert, cum venatibus 
 agitantur, itd eminus lapides 
 post terga calcitrando emittunt, 
 ut perforent pectora sequentium, 
 ant perfractis ossibus capita ip- 
 sa displodant." 
 
 Onagos, an ass-driver. 'Ovrj- 
 yog, Dor. ovciyog. 
 
 Onero, 1 load. Fr. onus, 
 oneris. 
 
 Onocrotalus, a cormorant. 
 'OvoxporctXog* 
 
 Onus, oneris, a load. Fr. 
 oveoo, ovw, to heap up. See 
 Honor, ^f Al. from ovo$, an 
 ass, as carrying loads. Or from 
 ovoc, a crane for lifting loads. 
 ^f Al. from ovo$, the lower mill- 
 stone, ^f " From Chaldee ones, 
 premens, urgens." V. "From 
 Hebr. oni." Ainsw. 
 
 Onustus, laden. Fr. onus. 
 As Jus, Justus. 
 
 Onyx, a kind of alabaster ; 
 an alabaster box of ointment. 
 
 Opacus, dark, shady. Fr. 
 Ticiyyc, thick. That is, thick 
 with shade. Pliny : " Locus 
 cupressis tegitur, densioee 
 umbra opacior nigriorque." O 
 added, as in Greek *Oo-tu$\$, 
 'OxsAAco, 'Ov6(7(roo (whence *0w%), 
 for <rTa.<p)g, xeXKiM, vucraoo. Com- 
 pare O pirn us, Oportet. Or, if 
 pacus existed, o is ob, as in Omit- 
 
302 
 
 OPA' 
 
 OPI 
 
 to. And ob, as in Obdo, Objicio. 
 ^f But, as thus it should be rather 
 opticus, possibly it might be re- 
 ferred to oirv), a hole, subterranean 
 cavity ; whence opacus, as from 
 Merus is Meracus. % Al. 
 from Ops, Opis, the earth. 
 Scaliger : " Nam umbras et fri- 
 goris captandi causa in sub- 
 teeraneos specus se abde- 
 bant." 
 
 Opalia, festivals in honor 
 {Opis) of Ops. 
 
 Opella, a little labor. Fr. 
 opera, operula. 
 
 Optra, work, labor, exertion, 
 service, help. Also, one who 
 does work, a workman. Fr. 
 opus, operis. See Arcera, Pa- 
 tera. 
 
 Operculum, a cover. Fr. 
 operio, whence opericulum. 
 
 Operio, I cover. For obpe- 
 rio ; as Obmitto, Omitto. Ob 
 opposes or gives a negative to 
 pario, I produce to the light» 
 See Aperio. 
 
 Operor, I work. Fr. opus, 
 operis. Or fr. opera. 
 
 Opertus, covered. Fr. ope- 
 rio, operitum, opertum. 
 
 Opes, opum, means, re- 
 sources ; powers, supplies, 
 wealth. Also, power, dominion. 
 Opes (like Opus) is from oira, 
 pf. mid. of exoo, to attend to, to 
 work. And means power (tov 
 «re*v) of working or of perform- 
 ing anything ; vis operandi. 
 Virgil : " Grates persolvere 
 dignas Non opis est nostra?." 
 Is not a part of our power of 
 action. Sallust: " Omnes om- 
 ni ope niti debent, ne vitam si- 
 lentio transeant." That is, with 
 
 all their power of exertion, all 
 the means in their power, all 
 the energy of which they are 
 capable. Hesychius : " Enovo-iv 
 hspyovcriv. So Cicero : " Ut 
 orniiem semper vim, quacum- 
 que ope possent, a vita sua pro- 
 pulsarent." With all their 
 means, with all their energy, 
 power or resources. Hence 
 then opes is in general, means, 
 resources, capabilities, power, 
 &c. And, like Facilitates and 
 our word Means, is used for 
 fortune and power, which con- 
 vey the grand means and re- 
 sources of life. 
 
 Ophites, the serpentine-stone. 
 
 Ophiuchus, Serpentarius, the 
 constellation. 'O^iovxog. 
 
 Ophthalmias, some fish with 
 large eyes. 'O^QotXpiotg. 
 
 Ophthalmicus, an oculist. 
 'O$8a\p,ixog. 
 
 Opicus, rude, ignorant, bar- 
 barous. Fr. 6-xY), a hole. As 
 living in holes of the earth, and 
 so not mixing with mankind. 
 In the words of the Epistle to 
 the Hebrews xi, c8 : y Ev epy- 
 plai$ 7r\uvw[jisvo$ xu) open xou 
 vnvihotlois xcti Tctic Snoti; tyj$ yrjg. 
 On Juvenal, in, 207 : "Ft 
 divina opici rodebant carmina 
 mures," Madan notes : " Opi- 
 cus is taken from the Opici, an 
 ancient, rude, and barbarous 
 people of Italy. Some suppose 
 opici to be applied to mice, fr. 
 07hj, a cavern : alluding to the 
 holes in which they hide them- 
 selves." And on vi, 454 : 
 " Opicus is from the Opici ; 
 and these from Ops, Opis, the 
 
OP1 
 
 orp 
 
 303 
 
 earth, from which they were 
 said to spring." ^f Isaac Vos- 
 sius says : " Ab ops, terra, est 
 opicus, rusticus." If ops meant 
 the country, this might be true. 
 Rather from opus. Belonging 
 to the working classes, and so 
 rude. 
 
 Opifex, opificis, a workman. 
 Fr. opus and facio. 
 
 Opilio, a shepherd. For ovilio 
 fr. oris. But thus it would rather 
 come from ovile, and so the 
 first 1 should be long, ^f Rather 
 then, from o;7roAso;v,tending sheep. 
 Leaving out I, we have ovoXscov, 
 opilio. Somewhat as ililco for 
 inlOco, inqullinus for incOli- 
 nus. And from ojttoAscov we 
 have upilio, (which is used by 
 Virgil,) as from ttOIvt} is pUnio. 
 
 Opimus, fat, plump, plentiful, 
 fruitful, rich. Opima Spolia 
 were so called from being in a 
 peculiar manner rich or co- 
 pious. Cicero : " Opima et 
 praeclara praeda." For pimus, 
 iri[n.os, a word* in formation like 
 TTi/xeA^, fat. n/wv, fat, is of the 
 same genus. All from tIco or 
 its pf. pass. TtsTn^at. Lennep : 
 " nloov, & tt/co, premo, coago, 
 constipo." O added, as in 
 Opacus, which see. ^f Al. 
 from opes, wealth. That is, 
 rich, fruitful, &c. Like Opu- 
 lentus. 
 
 Opinio, an opinion. Fr. opi- 
 nor. 
 
 Oplno, Oplnor, 1 judge, 
 think. By corruption from hi- 
 voioo, transp. Trstvosco, owsivsco, 
 oirsivcib, Or sttivosco, transp. quei- 
 veco, 07rsivu}. ^T Al. from ttivuco 
 or irtvvpca, I am intelligent or 
 
 wise, whence ttjvutos, wise, in- 
 formed. O added, as in Opa- 
 cus, Opimus, Oportet. 
 
 Opiparus, sumptuous. " Ab 
 opis sen opum apparatu" F. 
 
 Opis : Sec Ops. 
 
 Opiiulor, I help. Fr. opera 
 and tuli or tolo. See Tuli. 
 
 Opobalsamum, the juice of 
 the balsam. '07ro/3aA<7a/xov. 
 
 Oportet, it is expedient or fit, 
 it behoves. Fr. porto, to carry. 
 As we say, It is important 
 that it should be done, It im- 
 ports, from porto. So Refert, 
 arid <rvfi$sgei, it is expedient, 
 from tpspcu. And irpoo-Qepris, ad- 
 vantageous. O added, as in 
 Opacus, Opimus. Or it is 
 for ob, as in Omit to, in which O 
 is short as well as long. 1 
 
 Opperior, I wait for, expect. 
 Fr. perior, (whence experior), 
 I make trials. Virgil : " Hos- 
 tem opperiens." That is, ten- 
 tans hostem an venturus sit. 
 Hazarding the chances of his 
 coming. Looking out for. Te- 
 rence : " Opperiar ut sciam 
 quidnam haec turba afferat." 
 f" A3, from pario. u Assideo 
 parturient!, partumque expecto." 
 V. 
 
 Opp^ido, very much, altoge- 
 ther. " Quod vei oppido satis 
 est," says Festus. As Ingens 
 from Gens. 
 
 Oppidum, a town. Fr. !«■/- 
 7rs5ov i. e. aWu, a city, situated 
 in a plane or flat country. Ho- 
 mer I 'EV TTsBloO WETroXHTTO TTOAlf 
 
 fisgoncav avQpo)7rwv. Hence, ewe- 
 
 1 Al. from opus. How ? 
 
304 
 
 OPP- 
 
 OPT 
 
 §ov, eppidum, oppidum. O for 
 E, as in Oleum, cOrcyra, sOcer, 
 vOmo, for Eleum, cErcyra, 
 sEcer, vEmo. % Al. from -no- 
 Xig, noXtilov, transp. qXttlMov, 
 
 Opportunus, commodious, 
 seasonable, convenient. Pro- 
 perly said of a place in which 
 voyagers have {port urn) a harbor 
 at hand, and so fit for running 
 into in case of danger. Ob, 
 before one. Ovid : " Qui mini 
 confugium, qui mini portus 
 erat." But the following pas- 
 sage in Euripides seems more 
 to the purpose : Nuv $ \\%\s 
 s^Qobg Tovg kpovg rlosiv 8/jojv. 
 OvTOg yap ctvyp, ^ wahitjT exufj,- 
 voftsv, AIMHN 7rs$a]/Tcti Tcoy \\k&v 
 fiovXevpuToov. 'Ejc tovo* uvw\)6- 
 fjt,e(rQcc 7rgvfxv^TYiv TcaXoov, &c. 
 
 Opprobrium, a disgrace. Fr. 
 probrum. 
 
 Ops, opis, service, help, aid. 
 Here ops is much the same as 
 opus and opera, work, labor, ex- 
 ertion in behalf of another, ser- 
 vice done to another. Cicero : 
 " Omni ope atque opera eni- 
 tar ut Senatusconsultum fiat." 
 Pliny: "Omni ope, labore, 
 gratia juvare." Or opis is fr. 
 ona. pf. mid. of eVw, whence 
 cc^sttw, and wspieW», to attend 
 to, take care of. 
 
 Ops, Opis, the same as Cy- 
 bele, Magna Mater, Tellus, 
 Proserpina. u It seems derived/' 
 
 1 Al. for opidum fr. opis. Towns being 
 built for mutual aid and assistance. Or 
 fr. opus, a work, fortification. A fortified 
 town. But whence is the double P, or 
 why should O be long ? 
 
 says Lempriere, " from opus : 
 because this Goddess, who is 
 the same as the Earth, gives 
 nothing without labor." Rather, 
 because the earth supplies all 
 (opem) means and resources, or 
 all (opes) wealth and power. 
 Macrobius : " Opem, cujus ope 
 vitae humanas alimenta quaeruu- 
 tur." Unless it is from enco, 
 (pf. mid. on 01,) to attend to ; and 
 is particularly directed to the 
 earth " quaui colendo et exer- 
 cendo elaboramus." 
 
 Optimates, the principal men 
 in a state, the aristocracy, the 
 nobles ; or, their favorers and 
 defenders. Fr. optimus. As 
 "Apio-roi and J Agio~Toxpa.Tsioc among 
 the Greeks. 
 
 Optimus, best. Fr. opto. 
 That is, most desirable. As 
 Ao> urro£ from Xaco, Xu>, I wish. 
 % Al. for optatissimus. 
 
 Optio, liberty (opt audi) of 
 choosing. Also, a deputy or 
 substitute, whom another (optat) 
 chooses to supplya temporarily 
 vacant place. Vegetius : "Optio- 
 nes ab opt an do appellati : qudd, 
 antecedentibus asgritudine prae- 
 peditis, hi tanquam adoptati eo- 
 rum atque vicarii solent univer- 
 sa curare." 
 
 Opto, I wish, wish for, desire, 
 choose, ask, want. Fr. ko&eco, 
 7to0w, whence optho, opto, as 
 X«6=«), laTeo. ^f Or fr. mrrw, 
 whence oirTopoti, I look at, and 
 so consider and choose. Virgil : 
 " Pars optare locum tecto." 
 Hence, 1 wish for, &c. We 
 might observe that Xaco means 
 not only to see, but to desire. 
 But these senses are both per- 
 
OPU 
 
 ORB 
 
 305 
 
 haps derived from that of seizing 
 on (i. e. with our eyes or our 
 mind), expressed by \<xw, whence 
 
 Aa/3a>. 
 
 Opulens, Opulentus, rich. 
 Fr. opes. As Lutum, Lutulen- 
 tus. 
 
 Opulus, 
 
 Opus, optris, work, exertion. 
 Opera, public works or build- 
 ings. Fr. ova pf. mid. of moo, 
 to attend to, give attention to ; 
 whence ct^evoo, lievco, vsqiivoi, 
 
 VSplSfTVCJO. 
 
 Opus, need, occasion. Vos- 
 sius : " Quia, quod necesse 
 agere, hoc fit opus, soyov" So 
 the Greeks use epyov. 2ov egyov 
 tovto axovslv, It is your business 
 to examine this, it is binding on 
 you to do so, you must do so. 
 Aristophanes : Ouxst epyov hyxuQ- 
 svdeiv, oo~ti§ lor eXevSepog : It is 
 his business, who is free, to 
 sleep no more, It is neces- 
 sary that he should sleep no 
 more. 
 
 Ora, the extremity, border, 
 margin ; a coast ; a country or 
 region bounded by the coast. 
 Fr. ovpog, a boundary. Indeed, if 
 ovpa, a tail, is rightly derived 
 from oupog, a boundary, end ; 
 ovpa may have existed in the 
 sense of boundary. However, 
 declensions are not always pre- 
 served, as in Imbris from v O/x,- 
 figog. Or genders, as in Vinum 
 from Ohog. ^f Fr. x&ga, says 
 Haigh. That is, a tract or 
 country. X dropt, as in Anser 
 for Chanser. ^J Wachter no- 
 tices the Welsh or. 
 
 Oraculum, the reply of the 
 priestess of a temple. The 
 Etym. 
 
 temple itself where the reply 
 is made. Also, a prophecy. 
 Fr. oro, to utter. As Specto, 
 Spectaculum. 
 
 Oraria navis, a ship which 
 coasts along (oram) the shore. 
 
 Orarium, a handkerchief. Fr. 
 05, oris. For wiping the mouth 
 or face. 
 
 Ordta, a < gilthead, a fish. 
 From its golden color. For 
 aurata, as Cauda, Coda. 
 
 Oratio, an uttering, speaking; 
 speech, harangue, oration. Also, 
 an edict or mandate. Sueto- 
 nius : " De quibusdam rebus 
 orationes ad Senatum mis- 
 sas, preeterito qusestoris officio, 
 per Consules plerumque reci- 
 tabat." Fr. oro, atum, to utter. 
 
 Orator, a speaker ; an ora- 
 tor ; ambassador. Fr. oro, ora- 
 tion, to utter. 
 
 Orbis, a circle, ring, orb, 
 globe, wheel. Any thing round, 
 as a quoit, shield, coil, wreath. 
 Also, revolution ; revolving time, 
 as a period, year, &c. From po\L- 
 /3o$, anything which whirls round, 
 by transposition (as in Opto 
 from I7o0«3, and Sorbeo from 
 'Potpeco,) we should have ormbus 
 or orrnbis, (as from opfigOZ 
 is imbriS,) which would natu- 
 rally sink into orbis. ^f Bee- 
 man says : i( Fr. opo$ or ovpo$, 
 (B added, as in morBus, ver- 
 Bum,) a boundary. An orbis 
 is shut in by one boundary, 
 which is a circle." This is too 
 metaphysical. It would not be 
 more so to derive orbis from 
 pevoo, pf. mid. eppovu, (pova, 
 opva,) to tend to, verge to : 
 from the notion of every line 
 2 Q 
 
306 
 
 ORB- 
 
 ■ORD 
 
 in the circle verging to a cen- 
 tre. 1 
 
 Orbita, the mark of a wheel 
 describing (orbes) revolutions. 
 
 Orbus, destitute of parents 
 or children ; destitute. As am* 
 Bo is from ap&oo, so orbus is 
 from opQos, which Donnegan 
 has introduced in the sense of 
 opQotvbs, and also op$o/3oT>j£, one 
 who maintains orphans. 
 
 Orca, the ork, a fish. For 
 orga fr. opvya, (opyu,) ace. of 
 
 Orca, an earthen vessel, jar, 
 jug. And, from the shape, a 
 dice-box. Fr. vp^y, whence 
 urea, orca. As from vpu% is 
 sUrex, sOrex ; from vTxrb$ is 
 nOctis. 
 
 Orchestra, the orchestra in a 
 theatre. 'Op^trrga. 
 
 Orchis, Orchitis, a kind of 
 large olive. v Qpyi$. 
 
 Orcini liberti, men who were 
 presented in their masters' will 
 with their freedom ; which will 
 was of course not to take place 
 till his death, " donee Oreo tra- 
 ditus est et in Orci familia nu- 
 meratus." 
 
 Orcus, Pluto ; Hell. As be- 
 ing the God (opnov) of adjura- 
 tion. " Per Plutonem et Sty- 
 giam paludem jurare etiam Diis 
 rnos erat et magna religio." F. 
 ^f Or from opkoi pf. mid. of spxw, 
 coerceo, concludo. Horace : 
 " Satelles Orci . . . Tantalum 
 atque Tantali Genus coer- 
 
 cet." Again : te Plutona . , . 
 qui ter am plum Geryonem Ti- 
 tyonque tristi Compescit un- 
 da." * 
 
 Ordinarius, going on in re- 
 gular order, usual. Fr. ordo, 
 mis. 
 
 Ordino, I place (ordine) in 
 order, arrange, regulate, settle, 
 appoint. 
 
 Ordior, \ begin, set about. 
 From the North. " Ort, 
 (Germ.) beginning. Anglo-Sax. 
 ord, Franc, ort. In the Anglo- 
 Saxon Inscriptions, Adam is 
 called ord-mon, the commencer 
 of men." W. % Ot from ogfyv, 
 formed from ogoo, as uepfyv from 
 ctetpw. That is, I rouse myself 
 to an undertaking, excito me. 
 As the Latins say, Adorior rem. 
 If Al. from opUco, whence og- 
 fypa, explained by Hesychius 
 wool made ready for spinning. 
 Pliny : " Araneus orditur te- 
 las." Begins to weave. 
 
 Ordo, order, arrangement, 
 method. Series, course. Row of 
 trees. Order of men in a state, 
 as Ordo senatorius, plebeius. 
 Rank of soldiers. So ordines 
 are applied to banks of rowers, 
 and to benches at the theatres. 
 Fr. ogQos, straight, right on as a 
 road, &c. As Oeo$ y Deus ; and 
 as we say murTHer and mur- 
 Der, &c. If Or fr. op&>jv, form- 
 ed from egco, 3 whence (from a. 
 1. p. opfyv) is 6g$o$, and allied to 
 which is epco, pf. pass, ogpou, 
 whence 6pjxa0o£, a row. ^f Or 
 
 1 Al. from orbus or orvus, urbus or ur- 
 vus, round. It is clear that the same de- 2 " From Hebr. area, the earth." V. 
 
 rivation, which produces orbis, produces That is, x^ vl05 > v^oxO^vios. 
 these also. 3 Whence Sero and Series, a row. 
 
ORE- 
 
 OS 
 
 307 
 
 from opxoc, a row : iEol. opQog, 
 as tcolKXol, iEol. x«A0a, cal- 
 THa. ^f Germ, orden is a series. 
 
 Orecs, a bit. Quod ori in- 
 seritur. 
 
 Oreas, a mountain Nymph. 
 'Opeus. 
 
 Orexis, appetite. "Opefe. 
 
 Organum, an instrument, ma- 
 chine ; a musical instrument, 
 organ. "Ogyotvov. 
 
 Orgia, the rites of Bacchus. 
 "Opyiu» 
 
 Orichalchum: See Aurich — . 
 
 Oriens, the east. The place 
 where the sun (oritur) rises. 
 Like Occidens. 
 
 Orificium, an orifice. Fr. 
 os 9 oris, and facio. Quod fact- 
 tur i. e. fit 05. 
 
 Origo, beginning, origin. Fr. 
 orior. As Verto, Vertigo. 
 
 Orion, Orion, 'flploov. 
 
 Orior, I rise, spring. Fr, 
 ogu), I rouse. That is, I rouse 
 myself. % " From Anglo-Sax. 
 or, beginning." W. 
 
 Ornamentum, ornament. Fr. 
 orno. AsFundo, Fundamentum, 
 
 Ornatus, ornament, dress, &c. 
 Fr. orno, ornatum. 
 
 Orno, I prepare, set out, 
 adorn, deck, equip. Fr. wgot, 
 care, attention, provision. Hence 
 orlno, orno, somewhat as from 
 Ovpov is Urina. ^f Al. from 
 oopu, grace, beauty. *[f Al. from 
 aurum, whence aurino, aurno. 
 ^f Al. from ordino, as from 
 Modus is Mos. 
 
 Omus, a mountain-ash. Fr. 
 6pwl$, (o§vb$,) pertaining to a 
 mountain. Virgil: "Nascun- 
 tur steriles saxosis montibus 
 orni" 
 
 Oro, 1 speak, utter. Also, 
 
 I utter a request, beg, pray. 
 Fr. oapog, discourse, speech ; 
 whence oapeoo, octpob, contr. w^w, 
 oro, ^f Al. from os, oris. Ore 
 profero. But os, oris, is per- 
 haps better derived from oro, 
 than vice versa, fl" -Al. from 
 aqa, a prayer; whence apuoo, 
 apoo, (whence upuopcii,) I pray. 
 " The iEolians said (rrpoTog for 
 (TTpotTog, ovyg for ccvYjp, ovoo for 
 avu), &c." V. So dOmo from 
 
 Orsus, a beginning. Fr. or- 
 dior, ordsum, orsum. 
 
 Orthium carmen, a song sung 
 loudly and distinctly. "Opfao$ 
 vopog. 
 
 Orthogrdphia, orthography. 
 'OpQoypatyltx,. 
 
 Ortus, a rising, springing up. 
 Fr. orior, oritum, ortunu 
 
 Oryx, a kind of wild goat, 
 an ounce. "Opv%. 
 
 Oryza, rice. 'Ogvfy. 
 
 Os, oris, the mouth. Os for 
 ors ; and oris fr. oro, to speak. 
 Quo oramus. % Or fr. oetpos, 
 contr. wpo$, speech, discourse. 2 
 ^f Others derive os from oWa, 
 the voice. A quo vox oritur. 
 If Al. from o\f/, the voice ; 
 whence ops, os. ^f Al. from 
 aus, (as cAUda, cOda,) fr. avw, 
 ava-ca, to cry out. 
 
 1 It may be objected that oro is pro- 
 perl y to speak in general. But apb. also 
 seems properly to be a speech in general ; 
 as it is probably from &pw, necto, jungo 
 verba; as airvco and eiro> are from &iro/, 
 &irTca, %tt(i>, jungo. So Sermo from Sero. 
 And from epta, I join, are ipeu and p4a>, 
 I speak. So again from \4yeo, I collect, 
 is \4yct), I speak, i. e. I collect words. 
 
 2 Al. from ip£), I speak. Rather from 
 the pf. mid. 6pa, whence a word opos or 
 ovpos might possibly have been formed. 
 
;oa- 
 
 OS- 
 
 OST 
 
 Os, ossis, a bone. Ossis is 
 for ostis fr. 6<tt£0v, ogtovv, a 
 bone. So 'Ocrra becomes 
 Ossa. See Collis. 
 
 Oscedo, a disposition to yawn. 
 For oscitedo fr. oscito. As 
 Torpeo, Torpedo. 
 
 Oscen, oscinis, a bird which 
 foreboded by singing, chirping, 
 croaking, &c. Fr. os and cano. 
 " Avis quae ore canens facit aus- 
 picium." F. ^f Or from obs 
 and cano. As singing (obs) be- 
 fore you or in your way. Obs, 
 as in Ostendo. 
 
 Oscillatio, a swinging. From 
 oscillum. 
 
 Oscillum, a little mouth. Fr. 
 osculum. 
 
 Oscillum, an image hung on 
 ropes and swung up and down 
 in the air. Fr. os, whence oscu- 
 lum, oscillum, as above. ei Par- 
 va imago similitudine oris seu 
 figure humane." F. " Ima- 
 guncula in oris humani effigiem." 
 Servius. Oscillum is explained 
 by Heyne, 1 "larva e cortice 
 facta." That is, a mask, a re- 
 presentation of the face, made 
 from bark, ^f Al. from os, and 
 cillo, to move. " Quod in ilia 
 jactatione ora et capita sur- 
 sum deorsum moverent." F. 
 "Alii dicunt oscilla esse mem- 
 bra virilia de floribus facta qua? 
 suspendebantur per intercolum- 
 nia : ita ut in ea homines accep- 
 tis clausis personis impingerent, 
 et ea ore cillerent i. e. moverent, 
 ad risum populo commoven- 
 dum." Servius. ^f Al. for 
 obscillum; from cillo, and obs 
 
 On Virg. Georg. II, 389. 
 
 as in Ostendo for Obstendo. 
 From persons moving against 
 them. 
 
 Oscito, I gape, yawn ; I am 
 lazy. " Ex ore ciendo i. e. 
 commovendo," says Donatus. 
 That is, from os and cito, or do, 
 citum. So (roclpoo, to gape or 
 grin, seems to come from craw, 
 (whence cralvw and a-axog,) to 
 shake. As from \|/aco is ^algca. 
 
 Osculor, I kiss. Osculum do. 
 
 Osculum, a little, mouth. Fr. 
 os. Also, a kiss. " Nam 
 basiando 05 coarctamus atque 
 minuimus ; et quasi ex ore oscu- 
 lum facimus." F. 
 
 Osor, a hater. Fr. odi, od- 
 sum, osum. As Claudo, Claud- 
 sum, Clausum. 
 
 Ossifrdgus, the ospray. Fr. 
 os, ossis, andfrago, whence fra- 
 gilis and frango. si Because 
 it takes up bones and other hard 
 substances, and letting them fall 
 upon rocks breaks them." Tt. 
 
 Ostendo, I stretch or hold 
 forth before another, show. 
 That is, tendo obs i. e. ob. So 
 Obtendo. *[[ Al. from tendo 
 ad os i. e. faciem alicujus. 
 
 Ostentatio, an ambitious dis- 
 play. Fr. ostento. 
 
 Ostento, I show, display. I 
 show vakily, display ostentati- 
 ously. Fr. ostendo, ostenditum, 
 ostentum. 
 
 Ostentum, a prodigy, omen. 
 As showing something future. 
 Cicero : " Praedictiones et prae- 
 sensiones rerum futurarum quid 
 aliud declarant, nisi hominibus 
 ea, quae sint, ostendi, monstrari, 
 portendi? Ex quo ilia ostenta, 
 monstra, portenta dicuntur." 
 
 Ostium, a gate, door. The 
 
OST- 
 
 ovu 
 
 309 
 
 entrance or mouth of a river. 
 Fr. os. " Quia sit os domus," 
 says Priscian. In its sense of 
 the mouth of a river, it is ex- 
 plained by Forcellini crro/jta. 
 Could this have been its primary 
 meaning ? ^f Or for obstium fr. 
 obsto. On the passage in Vir- 
 gil : " Quo lati ducunt aditus 
 centum, ostia centum," Servius 
 notes : " Non sine causa et 
 aditus dixit et ostia. Nam 
 Vitruvius ostium dicit, per quod 
 ab aliquo arcemur ingressu, ab 
 ostando dictum ; aditum ab 
 adeundo, per quern ingredimur." 
 Somewhat similarly 7ruX>] is fr. 
 wuoo, 1 to press or shut close. 
 1f Or, under the same idea, 
 from wVreco formed from w<rroa 
 pp. of w0a>, to thrust out of the 
 way. So the Scholiast on Ari- 
 stophanes : 'Poo^uioi wo-Tiot. ran; 
 Qupotg <pucr) irctpoL to I£«;0e7v rov 
 ensgxopsvov. Haigh says : " Fr. 
 toa-rbg, which may be pushed." 
 Ostracismus, ostracism. '0<r~ 
 
 TpOLKKT^O^. 
 
 Ostrea, an oyster. "Oo-rpsov. 
 
 Ostreatus, rough, hard. Like 
 the shell (ostrea) of an oyster. 
 
 Ostrum, the juice of a shell- 
 fish which produced purple. 
 Purple. "Ocrrgov. 
 
 Otacusta, a spy. '£1tolkov<ttyis. 
 
 Otium, Ocium, ease, leisure, 
 idleness. Fr. uutqs, alone ; 
 whence autium, otium, (as Cau- 
 da, Coda,) retirement, quiet, 
 ease, ^f Al. from coj, wrog, an 
 
 ear. A state in which we can 
 lend an ear to others. So Sca- 
 liger in his Enigma on Otium : 
 " Quod pauci norunt, Gr^ca 
 ut dicatur ab aure, Detque ideo 
 studiis nomen et acta sua." ^j 
 Al. from owlet, iEol. ovria., pos- 
 sessions, property, as bringing 
 with them ease and leisure, ^f 
 Al. for odium fr. oybt\v a. 1. p. 
 of ex M > to restrain, hold back. 
 From o^Orjv is oy^t\, a bank or 
 mound; and from pf. mid. oyet 
 is oMog for oyyog, sloth. Odium 
 would produce ocium or otium, 
 as T or C was neglected.* 
 
 Ovile, a sheepfold. Any en- 
 closure. An enclosure sur- 
 rounded with boards, into which 
 the centuries of the people went 
 to give their votes. Fr. ovis. 
 As Cubo, Cubile. 
 
 Ovis, a sheep. Fr. oig, o'is, 
 oVis. So ooov, oVum. 
 
 Ovo, ovas, I triumph in the 
 lesser triumph ; I triumph, ge- 
 nerally. Plutarch refers it to 
 ovis. A sheep being sacrificed 
 in the lesser triumph, instead of 
 a bull which was sacrificed in 
 the greater, ^f Al. from «uco, 
 to shout. Whence uvPoo, auvo, 
 ovo, as Cauda, Coda. But thus 
 O would be long, ^f Al. from 
 svoioo (whence eu«£co), evw, to 
 shout the name of Bacchus. 
 Whence evo, then ovo, as ijxw, 
 vEmo, vOmo. J 
 
 Ovum, an egg. Fr. wov, o'tim, 
 
 1 Whence vvap, irvos> irvrivt], &c. 
 and (from pf. ireirvKa) irvicdfa, irvuvhs, 
 &c. Uiu is allied to jStfw and y.vw, to 
 shut close. 
 
 2 Al. from vacatium fr. vaco, as Sola- 
 tium from So lor. Hence uacatium, au- 
 catium, autium, otium. 
 
 3 Festus derives ovo from the sound of 
 victory O O. 
 
310 
 
 OXY- 
 
 PAG 
 
 oVum. See Ovis. Ova were 
 wooden columns, used for mark- 
 ing the rounds of the charioteers. 
 Adam : tf Either as being of an 
 oval form, or having oval spheres 
 on their top." 
 
 Oxygdrum, a sharp pickle. 
 
 Oxyporum, an article of food 
 attended with a quick digestion. 
 
 P. 
 
 Pabulor, I forage, collect 
 (pabulum) fodder. 
 
 Pabulum, food, fodder, fo- 
 rage. For pascibulum fr. pasco. 
 ^f Al. from 7racQ, to feed, as Fa- 
 bula from <P«co. But Fabula 
 can be deduced from For, Fari. 
 
 Pacisco, Paciscor, I make a 
 bargain or agreement. Fr. pacio, 
 whence pactus. Pacio fr. wa- 
 yco, pf. nenct^cc, %a^u. Or for 
 pagio fr. nayou, as misCeo from 
 pio-rsco. That is, pacio feed us. 
 I make firm, fix on sure grounds, 
 settle, ratify, a treaty. So we 
 have Pango fcedus, &c. 
 
 Paco, I bring into a state 
 (pads) of peace, I make still 
 and tranquil. 
 
 Pacta, covenanted and pro- 
 mised in marriage. See Pa- 
 cisco. 
 
 P actio, Pactum, an agree- 
 ment, covenant, contract. See 
 Pacisco. 
 
 P&an, Apollo. Also, a song 
 to Apollo, a song of triumph. 
 ILoliolv. 
 
 Padagogus, a tutor, guardian, 
 instructor. J7ai&aywyo's. 
 
 Pcedlco, puerumlasciviusamo. 
 A 7raiStxo£, idem quod itaafopa- 
 <TTr}$. Vel a irous, 7raiSoj. 
 
 Pcedidus, filthy. Fr. pador. 
 As Sordes, Sordidus. 
 
 Pcedor, filth for want of 
 dressing, &c. " Cum puerilis 
 aetas nee sibi a sordibus cavere 
 sciat ; et, ubi scit, sordes tamen 
 consectari soleat ; inde est qudd 
 padorem a iroulos esse putem, et 
 propria signare sordes et illuviem 
 puerorum." V. "It is said to 
 come from wal?, and to suggest 
 the dirtiness of children whem 
 not properly cared for [or looked 
 after]." Hill. % Al. for fcedor, 
 (phecdor,) fr.faidus. 
 
 Pagniarius, a kind of gla- 
 diator. The word is much dis- 
 puted. If genuine, it seems to 
 come from nouyviu, play. 
 
 Pane, Pine. : See Appendix. 
 
 Panula, Penula, a thick over- 
 all. From $aivo\Y), a Doric 
 word. Sappho uses $ctivoXl$. 
 
 P&on, a foot of three short 
 and one long, (as Paeonia,) the 
 long being any one of the sylla- 
 bles. TloLKJiV. 
 
 Pceonius, healing. From 
 Paon, the physician. Homer : 
 ft $ (p/xTO, xot\ IIchyjov otvwysi \v\- 
 troto-Qoti' Too 8' e7n IIuiyjcjov oSuv>j- 
 Qctrct <pap|U,a>ca 7racro"a>v 'Hxetrar. 
 
 P&tus, having a slight cast in 
 the eye. Fr. 7rs7raiToti pp. of 
 7ra/co, to strike. Percussus ocu- 
 lis. That is, from a word 7r««- 
 
 Paganalia, a festival kept by 
 the (pagani) country people. 
 
 Paganica pila, and Paganica 
 simply, a stow ball stuffed with 
 feathers, invented for the amuse- 
 
PAG- 
 
 PAL 
 
 311 
 
 nient ( paganorum) of the coun- 
 try folks. 
 
 Pagani, the peasantry. As 
 belonging to the (pagi) villages. 
 Pagani were opposed to the 
 soldiery, whether they dwelt in 
 the villages or in the city. ¥ In 
 pagis qui vivunt, otiosam secu- 
 ramque vitam ducunt, remoti a 
 curis publicis ac laboribus. Pa- 
 ganus ergo est qui non militat, 
 etiamsi in urbe vivat, u7ro\spos." 
 F. Pagani are also pagans or 
 heathens. Either because the 
 Christian Religion spread more 
 in the cities, and the villagers 
 were the last to embrace it ; 
 or because the pagans were 
 opposed to the Christian war- 
 fare. " Qudd non militarent 
 sub capite Jesu Christo." V. 
 Again : Persius applies to him- 
 self the epithet of semipaganus : 
 i. e. half rude and illiterate as 
 a peasant. Unless literature is 
 viewed here also as a warfare, and 
 the half unwarlike are half illite- 
 rate. Pliny : « Sunt ut in cas- 
 tris, sic etiam in literis nostris 
 plures cultu pagano" &c. 
 
 Pagella, a little page. Fr. 
 pagina. 
 
 Pagina, the page or leaf of a 
 book. Fr. pago, pango. te Quia 
 charta fit ex philyris seu tunicis 
 papyri compactis et compressis." 
 F. 
 
 Pago, (whence pango,) I fix, 
 &c. Fr. Tray co, whence (from 
 pp. 7Ti7raxTcii) are 7tcixto$ and 
 TtuKToco. Or, if A in pago is 
 long, from Tryyco, Dor. nclyto. 
 
 Pdgur, perhaps the same as 
 the pagrus, a sea fish : Qr. tt«- 
 ypo$, <p&ypo S . 
 
 Pagus, a village ; canton, 
 district. Fr. 7r«ya, Doric of 
 7r»jy^, a fountain. As drinking of 
 one common fountain. AsVicini 
 are the inhabitants of one (vicus) 
 village, ^f Blomfield: " Iluyo$, 
 a hill. From the ancient ntkyw, 
 whence pango. For in early 
 times they built their cottages 
 on eminences. Whence in the 
 more ancient tongue nayos was 
 the same as Lat. pagus." ^f 
 Others derive pagus from ituyog, 
 a hill, for a similar reason, ^f 
 Or was pagus a junction or 
 union of houses and villages, 
 joined together by a mutual con- 
 federacy and compact ? Fr. 
 pago, whence pango, compages, 
 pactum, &c. 
 
 Pala, a shovel or spade. For 
 paxilla (See Palus) or pagibula 
 fr. pago, paxi. Because {pan- 
 gitur) it is driven into the 
 ground : as 8/xeAXa is from $1$ 
 and xeXXco, to drive. Though 
 it seems somewhat of an ob- 
 jection that pango is said not of 
 merely driving things, but of 
 driving things so tight as to fix 
 them, as a stake or nail. Pala 
 is also the bezil of a ring. " In 
 annulo pars latior cui gemma 
 infixa est." F. Here the 
 exact meaning of pango is seen. 
 Vossius refers pala in this sense 
 
 tO 7TVS\l$. 
 
 Palastra, wrestling and other 
 exercises ; place or school for 
 them. Gesture or carriage of 
 the body, which was much at- 
 tended to in them. Ilu\cil<rTpot. 
 
 Palam, openly. Butler * 
 iC From 7raAa/x,>3, the open 
 hand." That is, from dat. 
 
312 
 
 PAL- 
 
 PAL 
 
 7raAajx>j. *J Or for phalam 
 fr. <pa\Y)V, Dor. «paAav, ace. of 
 <b<x\h$, shining, clear. % As 
 Certus, manifest, evident, is 
 from Cerno, to sift ; and as aa- 
 <$>cus, clearly, manifestly, is fr. 
 (tuco, (as 4/>j<pos is fr. ifyaw), to 
 shake, to sift; so perhaps pa- 
 lam is fr. %ctXu> fut. of vuX\a>, to 
 shake, and so sift. 1 
 
 Palatio, a foundation made 
 by driving in {pahs) piles. 
 
 Palatium, Pallatium, the 
 Palatine Hill, one of the seven 
 Hills of Rome. " From <pa- 
 XcivTiov" says Scaliger, " by 
 which word the Greeks call the 
 highest hills. For QotXoti are ci- 
 tadels and eminences." So 
 Iceland. fiall z is a mountain. 
 Teuton, phala ? is a wooden 
 castle. The Etruscan falantum 
 was heaven. <f>aAavnov, like 
 jSaAXavnov. Hence palantium, 
 palatium.* Or palatium might 
 
 1 " La surface de la terre en Slavon 
 est pole, qui par l'affinite de l'O avecl'A, 
 a pu se changer en pale. Ce qui me 
 fait presumer que ce mot se trouvoit 
 aussi en Latin, e'est qu'il reste un verbe 
 qui paroit form6 de ce substantif. C'est 
 le verbe palo ou palare, errer dans la 
 campagne : palans, qui erre de cote et 
 d'autre, qui court les champs. L'adverbe 
 palam tire son origine du meme mot. II 
 signifie manifestement, a decouvert. 
 Qu'est ce qui se fait a decouvert pour des 
 homines qui habitent des tentes ou des 
 cabannes? C'est ce qui se fait en plein 
 champs. Ce mot palam semble meme 
 dans sa formation avoir plus de rapport 
 a la langue Slavonne qu' -X la Latine. II 
 semble qu' on dise palam pour jmlami pas 
 les champs, a travers les champs." L'E- 
 veque, as quoted by Tooke. 
 . 2 3 Wachter in Pfalz. 
 
 4 Various derivations are given by the 
 old etymologists, from Pallas, Pallantia, 
 Pales, Palas, Palatia, &c. ; from pdlor 
 
 have been formed from <paA«w, 
 <puKw, to make ($aXov) high or 
 conspicuous, whence falo, as, 
 and falatium or palatium, as 
 Solatium is from Solor. See 
 Palatum. " And, because/' 
 says Forcellini, (( under the 
 Emperors large and magnificent 
 structures were built on it, 
 hence palatium came to signify 
 a palace or sumptuous edifice." 
 But, if <p<x\ui were both citadels 
 and eminences, <p«X>j might have 
 originated palatium as well in 
 the sense of a splendid citadel 
 or palace as in that of a high 
 hill. Or palatium might have 
 come in this sense from <pu\o$, 
 shining, and so splendid, and 
 magnificent. Wachter refers the 
 Germ, pfalz, a palace, to the 
 Teut. phala, a wooden tower. 
 " It is probable," he says, " that 
 the first kings of the Franks 
 lived in such towers ; and that 
 afterwards the name remained 
 and was applied to palaces." 
 This idea again might have 
 given the sense of palace to pa- 
 latium. Todd : " Palace : 
 Germ, and Sax. palast ; Welsh 
 palas, plds ; Cornish place, plds. 
 Serenius observes : Originem 
 Latinam vix admittunt linguae 
 antiquas, Camb. Brit. Angl. 
 Sax. &c. Deductum igitur ma- 
 vult Wachter & Teut. et Sueth. 
 aviiiq. Jala, turris lignea, quod & 
 Su. Goth. fala,fela, tegere," 
 Palatum, the palate or roof 
 
 and halo, from the roaming or bleating of 
 sheep on it in former days. Tibullus : 
 " Sed tunc pascebant herbosa Palatia 
 
 VACCJZ." 
 
PAL- 
 
 PAL 
 
 313 
 
 of the mouth. From <p«X>), an 
 eminence, might have been an 
 old word QolXoud, QctXw, phalo, 
 as, to raise high ; whence pha- 
 latum, palatum, raised high. 
 Or from <potXo$ t shining, might 
 have been formed phalo and 
 phalatum, as said of the bright 
 heaven. Ennius has " cceli pa- 
 latum, 79 Thus palatum would 
 mean the" palate, in the same 
 way that the Greeks called it 
 
 Pdldtus, enclosed (palis) with 
 stakes. 
 
 Pale, a wrestling. I7aX>j. 
 
 Paha, chaff. Fr. 7ruXu> (i. e. 
 trocXecy) fut. 2. of vaXX®, to shake 
 about. From its being tossed 
 by the fan. Virgil : *' Surgen- 
 tem ad Zephyrum palete jac- 
 tantur inanes." 
 
 Palece, the gills of a cock. 
 Fr. Troika), like Palea. From 
 their shaking about. 
 
 Palear, the skin which hangs 
 down from the neck of oxen, 
 dewlap. As resembling the {pa- 
 lea) gills of a cock. 
 
 Pales, the Goddess of shep- 
 herds and of feeding cattle. Fr. 
 tract), to feed. 
 
 Pdlilia, a festival in honor 
 (Palis) of Pales. 
 
 Pdlimpsestus, a kind of paper 
 on which what was written, 
 might be easily erased, so as to 
 be written on anew. IluXl^- 
 
 \[/>J0T0£. 
 
 Pdlinodia, a recantation. IJa- 
 A<vw8/a. 
 
 Pdliurus, Christ's thorn. TIu- 
 Xiovpot;. 
 
 Palla, an upper garment 
 reaching down to the ankles. 
 Etym. 
 
 Fr. %otXXui, to vibrate, toss about. 
 Forcellini explains palla " vestis 
 amplaet fluens." Sidonius : 
 " Tegit extima limo Circite 
 palla pedes, qui cum sub veste 
 moventur, Crispato rigidae crepi- 
 tant in syrmate rugae/' ^f Al. 
 from <p<xpos, an outer garment; 
 whence pharula, phalla, palla. 
 See Ralla. ^f Al. from the 
 North. Saxon p&ll is, pallium, 
 amictus ; whence our pall, 
 *' From the ancient Sueth. fala, 
 fela, to cover," says Serenius. 
 Compare also the remarks on 
 Pellis. 
 
 Palldca, a concubine. 
 
 Palladium, a statue of Mi- 
 nerva. TlaXXahoy. 
 
 Pallantis, Pallantias, Au- 
 rora. As being the sister of 
 Pallas, and the daughter of 
 Hyperion, who was often taken 
 for the Sun. 
 
 Pallas, Minerva. UolXXol$. 
 
 Palleo, I am pale. Fr. neX- 
 Xo$, the same as 7rsXb$ and ^sXiog. 
 Donnegan translates neXialvo}, 
 " to render whitish, pale 
 or livid." E into A, as in 
 m Agnus for mEgnus. Wachter 
 explains Hebr. baal " lividus 
 fuit." ^[ Al. from ttuXXco, to 
 shake or palpitate i. e. with fear. 
 Sophocles has wuXXcov (pojZcp. 
 Palleo would thus mean pro- 
 perly, I am pale with fear, ^f 
 Al. from 7tyiXo$, clay ; Dor. 
 wuXos. That is, I am of the 
 color of clay. ^f Al. from 
 TrctXotcjD, whence TraAacrtrco, to 
 whiten, ^[ Al. from the North. 
 Germ, fal, Belg. ml, Anglo- 
 Sax, fala, mean pale. 
 
 Pallium, the outer robe of 
 2 R 
 
314 
 
 PAL- 
 
 PAL 
 
 the Greeks. Of the same origin 
 as palla, or from it. 
 
 Palma, the palm of the hand. 
 Fr. 7raA»/A)j, 7ra\fLY). Also, the 
 palm-tree ; and the date, its 
 fruit. Ci For its branches when 
 expanded are like a man's hand 
 when expanded." F. " Because 
 its leaves are extended from the 
 top like the fingers on the 
 hand." Tt. And, because crowns 
 of it were given to victors, it was 
 used for the mark or token of 
 victory, the palm or prize. Also, 
 the greater shoot or leader of 
 a vine. " Because grapes go 
 forth from it, like the ringers 
 from the palm of the hand." V. 
 Also, the broad end of an oar. 
 So Ormston deduces rapa-og, 
 the broad part of the oar, from 
 Toip<ro$ } the palm of the hand : 
 " Because it spreads from the 
 narrow part, as the palm does 
 from the wrist." 
 
 Palmarius, deserving (pal- 
 mam) the palm, most excellent. 
 
 Palmdta vestis, a robe in- 
 woven with the leaves (palma) 
 of the palm tree. 
 
 Palmes, the shoot or young 
 branch of a vine. •* Festus says : 
 * Pahnites appellantur quod in 
 modum palmarum humanarum 
 virgulas quasi digitos edunt.' 
 Palmes is not directly from the 
 palma of the hand, but from the 
 palma of the vine, which re- 
 ceived its name from the palma 
 of the hand." V. " Palmes, 
 materia ilia, quae quotannis ex 
 vitis brachio emergit, et gem- 
 mas producit, et indurescit ; 
 quae deinde in ramusculos abe- 
 unt, et palma cujusdam digitos 
 
 faciunt." F. 1 Palmites are used 
 also for the lesser branches 
 of other trees. 
 
 Palmo, I make the print or 
 mark (palma) of the palm of 
 my hand. 
 
 Palmo, I tie (palmas) the 
 branches of a vine to the stake 
 which supports them. " Per- 
 haps fr. palma, the branch of a 
 vine. Or from the Hebrew 
 BLM, to bind." V. 
 
 Palmula, the broad part of 
 an oar. Also, a date. See Pal- 
 ma. 
 
 Palmus, a palm, hand- 
 breadth. Fr. palma. 
 
 Palo, I prop (palis) with 
 stakes. 
 
 Palor, I wander about, strag- 
 gle. Contr. from pabulor, I 
 forage. ^[ Or from palus. As 
 said properly of soldiers strag- 
 gling about in the woods to cut 
 (pahs) stakes for the camp. 2 
 
 Palptbra, the eye-lids. Fr. 
 palpo, somewhat as from Dolo 
 is Dolabra, from Lateo is Late- 
 brae. " Quia palpant i. e. levi- 
 ter et blande tangunt oculos." 
 F. ^f Or for palpitebra fr. 
 palpito. Forcellini explains 
 palpito " leviter ac frequenter 
 moveor," Compare Cilium. 
 
 Palpito, I beat quick, pant, 
 throb. Fr. palpo, (as Musso, 
 
 1 Forcellini explains palma lt majus 
 flagellum in vite unde uvae nascuntur ;" 
 and palmes, ** sarmentum, flagellum, vi- 
 tis ramus utilis ad fructum." Palmes 
 then he explains Flagellum, and palma 
 Majus flagellum. Yet in Palma he states 
 that palma is the same as palmes. 
 
 2 See a Northern origin in the Note to 
 Palani. 
 
PAL- 
 
 PAN 
 
 315 
 
 Mussito,) taken in the sense of 
 palpito ; fr. nraAAco, I quiver, 
 vibrate, fut. icolKw, whence 7rct\Fu> 9 
 pa/fo, i. e. palpho, palpo. Com- 
 pare sylVa, arVum. 
 
 Palpo, 1 touch softly, feel 
 gently, stroke ; and hence, I ca- 
 ress, fondle, wheedle, cajole. Fr. 
 ^>jAa<|>aa>, \(/>}Aa<p«3, Dor. \|/aAa<po;, 
 \[/«A$a>, i. e. 7T(raA(pa;, transp. 
 <ntotk$w, whence 7raA<|>a>, (as 
 H(poiK\co, Fallo,) i. e. palpho, for 
 softness palpo, If Al. from 
 itaCkoLpy d$w, palma tango ; cut 
 down to TraApw. ^f Al. from 
 &txX7roo, I cherish ; i£ol. <$>oiX%u), 
 as Syjp in iEolic is <Pr\p. " Quia, 
 quos fovemus, moiliter contrec- 
 tamus." V. If Al. from TraAw 
 fut. of 7tu\Xu), I move with a 
 tremulous motion. See Pal- 
 pito. 
 
 Pallida, (whence paludatus, 
 paludamentum,) a military cloak. 
 " From Hebrew PL A, velare, 
 operire." V. Or from Su. 
 Golh.f ala, to cover. See Pa- 
 latium. ^f Al. from 7raAw fut. 
 of TraAAco, to shake. From its 
 vibrations. If Al. from p alia. 
 
 Palumbes, a wood-pigeon, 
 ring-dove. Fr. 7raA«3 fut. of 
 7r«AAco, to shake i. e. with fear. 
 As Sophocles has 7raAA«;v <po(3w. 
 So Tpypoov is a dove from Tpew, 
 to tremble. From TraAw then 
 is palubes and then palumbes. 
 Perhaps through a word 7raAu\Jr, 
 9raAu/3oj. 
 
 Palus, 1 a stake ; a peg. For 
 paxillus, as Vexillum, Velum. 
 
 1 " Anglo-Sax. pal, Franc- phal, Belg. 
 paal. Suec. pcela. Germ, pjfal. [Engl. 
 pale.] From Lat. pains." W. 
 
 ^f Al. for pagulus or pagibulus, 
 fr. pago, pango, 1 fix. This 
 is much the same. 
 
 Palus, udis, a marsh, pool. 
 From the North. Anglo-Sax. 
 pul, Irish poll, s Belg. poel, 
 Welsh and Armor, pwl, poul. 
 Germ, pf til. *[[ Al. from tt«Ao^, 
 Doric of 7T>jAo£, clay, mud. 
 From its muddy nature. But A 
 in palus should thus be long. 
 ^f Or from sAo^, Fs\o§ ; whence 
 falus, (as mAneo from fxEvsca, 
 and mAgnus for mEgnus,) 
 thence (i. e. from phalus) palus. 
 
 Pampino, I lop off the (pam- 
 pinos) leaves or tender shoots 
 of vines. 
 
 Pampinus: See Appendix. 
 
 Pan, the God of shepherds. 
 Iloiv. 
 
 Pandca: See Appendix. 
 
 Panacea, Pdndces, Panax, 
 the herb panacea. TLmuxsiu, 
 isoLVat.Y.ze,, -navott;. 
 
 Panaritium, a whitlow. " A 
 barbarous word, corrupted from 
 paronychium" F. 
 
 Panarium, a bread-basket. 
 Fr. panis. 
 
 Pancarpus, made up of va- 
 rious materials. Properly, made 
 up of all fruits, fr. 7rayxa£7ro£. 
 
 Panchrestum medicamentum, 
 a sovereign remedy. From 7r«y- 
 Xpv\<FT0V, all-useful. 
 
 Panchristdrius. What is 
 meant by it, is not clear. Ar- 
 nobius: " Fullones, lanarios, 
 phrygiones, coquos, panchrista- 
 rios." Turnebus supposes it to 
 be pastrycooks : " Nam veluti 
 nayxpYjo-Tog, omnino utilis vel 
 accommodus est dulciarius pa- 
 nis." This is a sorry account 
 
316 
 
 PAN- 
 
 PAN 
 
 of the word. It may come 
 from wayxpKTTog. However, it 
 is evidently of Greek extraction. 
 
 Pancratium, a contest in 
 which boxing and wrestling were 
 united. IlayxpxTiov. 
 
 Panda, some Goddess. Sup- 
 posed by ForcelHni to be the 
 Goddess of Peace, because in 
 the time of peace the Gates of 
 the city (panduntur) are or were 
 thrown open. Quae pandit ja- 
 nuas. 
 
 Pandecta, books treating of 
 all kinds of subjects ; or com- 
 prehending the whole of any 
 science, n<xv$£XTcti. 
 
 Pandiculor, 1 stretch and 
 yawn as one awaking from sleep. 
 That is, pando me et mea mem- 
 bra. 
 
 Pando, 1 set or throw open, 
 stretch out ; I set forth, pub- 
 lish, relate. For phando fr. 
 <J>av8>jv, <p»vdov, or <pav$a, (whence 
 aya^avBov, ava<pav5a,) fr. irsfyuv- 
 toli pp. of Qaivco, I disclose, ex- 
 pose to view. Compare tenDo, 
 morDeo, &c. ^f Al. for pado, 
 (as N is added m Lingo, &c.) 
 fr. fl-eraSjjv, TrraSijv ; dropping t, 
 as in Penna from ITrevva. J7e- 
 TaS>)v being formed from kstoiw, 
 1 open. 
 
 Pando, as, I bend, bow. 
 From Sax. bendan, to bend. 
 Allied is our Bandy, % Vos- 
 sius says: if Pandus, bent: 
 quia se pandit, extendit." So 
 Ainsworth : " Pandus, qui se 
 pandit" On the contrary, pan- 
 dus is " qui se contrahit?' Un- 
 less it is a metaphor taken from 
 a bow, which, the more it is 
 stretched, the more it is bent. 
 
 Pandurizo, I play on a pan- 
 dura or instrument with three 
 strings. Ilctvfovpi^a). 
 
 Pandus, bent. Fr. pando, 
 as. Or vice versa. 
 
 Panegtfricus, laudatory. I7av- 
 i)yvgixo$. 
 
 Pango, for pago, (See Mun- 
 go, Lingo,) whence pepigi, and 
 (pagtum,) pactum, I drive in, 
 fix in; fix into the ground, 
 plant. Fr. nciyuo, (whence kux- 
 tooo, &c.)same as %Yjyco, iryiyvvfju. 
 Pango versus, I write verses. 
 Because the stylus fixed letters 
 into the wax. Pango fcedus, 
 pacem, I make a treaty. That 
 is, I make firm or fast, I con- 
 firm or ratify, as ^yw^i is used. 
 
 Pariicula, gossamer on mil- 
 let, pannic, reeds ; a long round 
 substance growing on nut-trees, 
 pines, &c. And, from its like- 
 ness, a pappy tumor in the 
 body. From panus. From 
 its likeness to {panus) the woof 
 about the quill in a shuttle. 
 
 Panicum, the herb pannic. 
 " A panus. Panicum est*LA- 
 nugine obsitum." V. % Others 
 less correctly from panicula, 
 which itself is from panus. So 
 Turton : "A herb whose spike 
 consists of innumerable thick 
 seeds disposed in many pani- 
 cles/' % Al. from panis. 
 Miller : " Pannic is sown in 
 several parts of Europe in the 
 fields as corn for the sustenance 
 of the inhabitants. It is fre- 
 quently used in particular places 
 of Germany to make bread." 
 
 Panis, bread. Fr. nocco, to 
 feed. Unless 7ravo$ is a Doric 
 word. Atbena3us has volvos 
 
PAN 
 
 PAP 
 
 317 
 
 ugro$, and seems to say that not 
 only the Romans used 7ravo$ for 
 bread, but the Greek writers 
 Blaesus, Archilogus, and Rin- 
 thon. 
 
 Panisci, little Pans. I7av»<rxo*. 
 
 P annus is explained by For- 
 cellini " textum ex quo vestes 
 liunt; item ipsa vestis." It is 
 referred to ndvog, Doric of thj- 
 vog, a web or tissue. It seems 
 to have meant not a garment, 
 but a piece of cloth ; and thence 
 to have been specially applied 
 to a piece of cloth put into a 
 garment to mend it, a patch, 
 piece. Hence panni were 
 patches ; and pannosus, clothed 
 in patches, ragged, tattered, 
 meagre, &c. Panni were also 
 rags put into wounds, ^f Wachter 
 explains Germ. Jane, " pannus 
 laneus vel lineus." But refers 
 it to pannus, 
 
 Panomph&us, the source or 
 manager of all oracles. fiavoju,- 
 Qoiiog. 
 
 Pansa, splayfoot. Qui est 
 pedibus pansis, i. e. latis et ex- 
 tensis. 
 
 Pantheon, a temple. Ilotv- 
 8eov. 
 
 Panther, eris, Panthera, a 
 net. Fr. vecvQyipos, all-catching. 
 
 Panthera, a panther. I7av0>j£. 
 
 Pantices, um, the paunch, 
 belly. For pandices from ticlv- 
 doxslg, the all- receivers ; i. e. 
 pandoces, pandices, as reppOvog 
 produces terminus. Or sup- 
 pose a word Travro^sTj, the all- 
 holders. ^f Al. from pando. 
 From its property of dilatation. 
 <c Pantices, intestina. Quia in 
 ventre jaceant expanses extents- 
 
 que." V. % Vossius states that 
 the Belgic and Celtic panse, and 
 Ital. pansa, mean the same 
 thing. So our paunch. But 
 these seem contracted from pari- 
 tices. 
 
 Pantoniimus,2i mimic. Ilav- 
 
 T0fJt,lft,0$. 
 
 Panus, the woof about the 
 quill in the shuttle. Fr. noivog, 
 Done of %rjvog, yarn wound 
 on a spindle for a woof. Also, 
 a spreading bile or swelling. 
 From likeness of form, says 
 Nonius. " Shaped like a wea- 
 ver's roll." Tt. 
 
 Papa, father, a term of res- 
 pect given to the Christian 
 Bishops, and thence to the 
 Pope. Ua-Ttag. 
 
 Pdpcz, strange ! wonderful ! 
 JB«/3a» and iromul. 
 
 Pdpaver, a poppy. Fr. papa, 
 children's food. " Pappo vel 
 Papo, ad pueros pertinet, cum 
 velcibumpetuntvel papain com- 
 edunt." F. See Papula, Pa- 
 pilla. " Because nurses used 
 to mix this plant in children's 
 food to relieve the colic and 
 make them sleep." Tt. Papa, 
 Papaver, somewhat as Cado, 
 Cadaver, % " An ob similitu- 
 dinem a papa, caput mammil- 
 la»?" Scheide. See Papilla. 
 % Al. from pappus. " Quasi, 
 flos lanuginosus." W. 
 
 Pdpaverata vestis. " So Gr. 
 fc^xcov, a poppy, is also a byssine 
 or linen tissue. Some believe 
 it so called, because there was a 
 species of poppy from which, 
 says Pliny, ' candorem lintea 
 praecipuum trahunt/ Others, 
 because the soft down of the 
 
318 
 
 PAP 
 
 PAR 
 
 poppy was spun and garments 
 woven from it." V. 
 
 Papilio, a butterfly or moth. 
 Fr. ynfoXos, which is used in 
 this sense by Aristotle ;" iEolic 
 Fcc7rlo\o$, (as F in Firmus 
 and Festus,) whence fapilio, 
 i. e.phapilio, papilio. Or soft 
 for vapilio, V being prefixed as 
 in numerous words. 2 
 
 Papilio, a pavilion. " Quia 
 expansa vela habet ad similitu- 
 dinem alarum papilionis." F. 
 
 Papilla, a little pimple. Fr. 
 papula. 
 
 Papilla, a nipple. From 
 papa, child's food, (whence 
 Papo, Pappo,) which it pro- 
 duces. ^J Or, as from Disco 
 is Discipulus, so from nxcm, to 
 feed, might be papula, whence 
 papilla, ^f " Quia papules si- 
 milis est," says Festus. But see 
 Papula. 
 
 Papparium, pap. See Pappo. 
 
 Pappas, a foster-father to 
 children. Fr. •nountcis, a father. 
 
 Pappo, I call for pap. Fr. 
 papa, pappa, imitated from the 
 sound of children calling for 
 food. Varro : " Ciim cibum 
 ac potionem buas ac papas vo- 
 cent, et matrem mammam, pa- 
 ttern tatam." Aiusworth men- 
 tions the Celtic pap. 
 
 Pappus, a grand- father. Uai:- 
 
 1 Vossius in Etymol. ad Papilio. 
 
 2 Al. for papirio, as XeiPtov, liRium, 
 liLium. " Fr. papyrus. From the paper- 
 like texture of its wings." Tt. But thus 
 the quantities of the first two syllables 
 should be reversed, f Wachter notices 
 pawelun in one of the Geinian dialects. 
 
 Pappus, the down of thistles. 
 
 Papula, a pimple, pustule. 
 From its resemblance to a nipple. 
 Supposing that papula was an- 
 ciently the same as papilla, a 
 nipple, ^f Al. from itcun, to feed, 
 to feed upon, as from Disco 
 is Discipulus. Celsus: " Pa- 
 pularum duo genera sunt. Al- 
 terum, in quo cutis exasperatur 
 leviterque roditur. Alteram, 
 in quo magis cutis exasperatur 
 exulceraturque ac vehementius 
 
 RODITUR." 
 
 Papyrus, an Egyptian plant 
 of which paper was made. Pa- 
 per ; a book, &c. A rope made 
 of it. JJocrrvpos. 
 
 Par, paris, equal, like, even, 
 suitable. Hence proper, meet, 
 like iEquus. u Ut par fuit," 
 as was meet, i. e. as was suitable 
 to and as tallied with the occa- 
 sion. Hence pares, a pair, i. e. 
 two equals. From itaga,, by the 
 side of, whence UupctKKr{K^, 
 Parallel, said of lines going on 
 evenly and equally by the side 
 of each other. The following 
 phrases in Greek express the 
 idea of equality : 'Hpepav nap 
 tjfxspotv, 'Exctrepap 7rA*jyqv naga 
 nXYiyrjV evTeivopevo$, repoVTe$ xetl 
 veuvioti nap eva guiXTrogivofJ.evoL. 
 So irapoi duvujxiv is suitably to 
 one's might, equal to one's 
 might. 3 
 
 Parabola, a comparison, si- 
 mile. nagot^oXy). 
 
 3 Uapa expresses comparison, and 
 therefore expresses unlikeness as well aa 
 likeness. Hence irapa Swa/xiy is also un- 
 suitably to or beyond one's power. 
 
PAR- 
 
 PAR 
 
 319 
 
 Pdrdbolus, one who fought 
 with wild beasts at the shows. 
 naptxfio\o$. 
 
 Pdrdcletus, the advocate, or 
 comforter. The Holy Ghost. 
 IIocpux\riro$. 
 
 Pdrdda : See Appendix. 
 
 Pdrddigma, an example. 
 notpafoiypct. 
 
 Pdrddisus, Eden. Fr. Trctpu- 
 §ei(ro$, a pleasure-garden or park. 
 
 Paragauda, a gold band, in- 
 woven in a garment. Scaliger 
 refers it to the Persian, Casau- 
 bon to the Syriac. 
 
 Pdrallclus, parallel. HagaX- 
 
 Paralysis, Paralyticus, Pa- 
 ranymphus : Greek words. 
 
 Pdrapsis, a vessel or dish 
 containing sauces. IJagottyig. 
 
 Pdrdrius, a money- broker. 
 Forcellini explains it M conci- 
 liator, jxs<rmjs," and adds from 
 Lipsius : " Quia parat utrinque 
 amnios et conjungit [et con- 
 ciliat]." Paro might be here 
 parem facio, as so used by 
 Plautus. 
 
 Pdrdsitus, a sponger, flatterer. 
 napoKriTOs. 
 
 Pdrastichis, an alphabet, in- 
 dex. TJupauri^i^. 
 
 Pardtus, preparation, equip- 
 ment, dress. Fr. paro, paratum, 
 
 Parca, the Fates. As the 
 Greeks called the Furies Evpsvl- 
 $e$ by a weak desire of appeasing 
 their fury, so the Latins seem 
 to have called the Fates Purees, 
 from parco, as if they spared 
 and were merciful. 1 ^f Al. from 
 
 1 Julius Scaliger says with too much 
 conceit : " Paras, quia parcant, Una 
 
 iiiTtot.QY.ct, pf. of Tretpco, to pene- 
 trate, separate, divide. As Ja/- 
 jxwv, Fate, from tiitieupMt pp. of 
 8a/», to divide, i. e. dispense to 
 each man his lot. If Al. for 
 particae from partior, to divide. 
 
 Parco, I am sparing, grudge, 
 spare, use moderately ; I spare 
 expence or pains ; I forbear, 
 give over ; I spare to hurt, re- 
 frain from hurting, favor, bear 
 with ; I spare to punish, I 
 pardon. Fr. parens, sparing. 
 Parens sum. ^f Al. from itk- 
 TTctpxu pf. of Trelpu), I pass over, 
 pass by, forgive, spare, &c. 
 
 Parens, scanty, moderate ; 
 also, sparing, thrifty, careful, 
 penurious. Fr. parum, whence 
 paricus, (as Medeor, Medicus; 
 Manus, Manica ; and compare 
 Focus,) then parcus. Qui p#- 
 rum habet seu parum dat. ^f Or 
 from (TTrelpoo, pf. t(nrupxu, whence 
 spar ens and parcus, as 2$uX\w, 
 Fallo. So from (nrelgoD, fut. 2. 
 
 (TTTOLpW, is O-TTUglVOS, (TTtCtpVO^ 
 
 scanty, indigent, &c. Or from 
 a word crnapixos. If Al. from» 
 parco, Sumtibus parcens. 
 
 Parddlis, a female panther, 
 Tlotp^uXic. 
 
 Pardus, a panther. Ilaphc, 
 
 Pdreas, a kind of serpent. 
 Ilctpe(ot$. 
 
 Parens, etitis, a parent. Foir 
 pariens, parientis, fr. pario. So 
 Gr. roxsug fr. rex», tstoxoc. Pa~> 
 reus, as Viviparus from Pario„ 
 
 enim tantum dicitur filum incidere ; duae 
 vero, altera vitam dare, altera vita? trac- 
 turn continuare. A pluribus igitur fit; 
 nominatio. Quin ilia quoque parcit ;; 
 sustinet enim aliavum opus, quoad fato- 
 rum jussibus pareat." 
 
320 
 
 PAR- 
 
 PAR 
 
 Parentalia, feasts or sacrifices 
 at the funerals (parentum) of 
 parents or near relations. 
 
 Pdrento, I perform the fune- 
 ral rites {parentum) of parents 
 or near relations. 
 
 Pareo, I am at hand, am by, 
 present myself near, make my 
 appearance, appear ; and hence, 
 I seem, like Videor. Also, I 
 am at hand to wait on and at- 
 tend to another's orders or 
 wishes ; I obey, or I humor, 
 gratify. Fr. irapsvi, (whence 7rag- 
 e»ju,i,) I am near, or I come 
 near. Yet thus the A should 
 be short. Yet Brachium is 
 from Bpaxicov. ^f Al. from irapog, 
 before, ^f Or from £««>, whence 
 Qaspo$, <pcigo§, manifest ; hence 
 $apew, I manifest or show my- 
 self, i. e. phareo, pareo. 
 
 Paries, a wall. As tsI^os and 
 toT^oj 1 are from T£i%a>, the same 
 as Te%oo and Texco, 2, to produce, 
 create, make, and so construct, 
 form, build ; so from pario, to 
 produce, and so build, is paries, 
 as from Specio is Species, ^f 
 Or from wotpco fut. 2. of weigca, 
 (See Pars) to penetrate, and so 
 divide, separate. See Mcerus. 
 Haigh refers it to irepas, a 
 boundary, which is from 7reipco, 
 frspw. ^f Al. from paro, to pre- 
 pare, arrange. If Al. from itu- 
 go$, in front of. As huma. (from 
 h co7ti) are translated " parietes" 
 by Clarke in II. 0. 435. 
 
 Pdrietaria, the herb pellitory. 
 Fr. paries, parietis. ?' Because 
 it grows upon old walls and 
 
 1 See Valckenaer in Lennep on Teux<*>. 
 
 2 As 5oco/*cu is the same as Sexo/xai. 
 
 among rubbish." Tt. It is call- 
 ed Muralis by Pliny. 
 
 Parittiritf, ruinous walls, rem- 
 nants of walls. Fr. paries, pa- 
 rietis. 
 
 Pdrilia, the same as Palilia, 
 and for euphony, as CceRuleus 
 for CceLuleus. 
 
 Parilis, like. Fr.par, paris, 
 
 Pario, 1 bear or bring forth, 
 produce ; 1 produce to myself, 
 acquire, get. " From Hebr. 
 bara, be created." V. Allied 
 is Germ, bceren, and our bear. 
 " Tatian in our Lord's Genea- 
 logy : ' Abraham gibar lsaken ;' 
 that is, Abraham begat Isaac. 
 The people of Lombardy have 
 fara for generation." W. % Or 
 fr. Qetpo) fut. 2. of Qepco, to bear. 
 Whence QupsTQct, a quiver, and 
 l(To<pocpl%(o. % Or rather from 
 7tapu> fut. 2. of irslpoo, to pierce, 
 divide, and so open, lay open, 
 make manifest. See Pareo. 
 These last senses agree well 
 with Aperio, Operio, Reperio. 
 % Wachter refers also to Germ. 
 bar, conspicuous : " Quia pa- 
 rtre est in lucem edere." 
 
 Pario, I make my accounts 
 even. Fr. par, paris. 
 
 Pdritor, one who is ready 
 and in attendance. Fr. pareo, 
 paritum. So Apparitor. 
 
 Parma, a small round shield. 
 Clemens states it to be a Thra- 
 cian invention : &pdxse ivp&TOi 
 tyjV xuXoufisvYiv %enqi^v eugov. It 
 was therefore probably a Thra- 
 cian word. Yet Suidas writes : 
 
 JJuqiLOU" & V g§ffcaTJVOi Qupto) 7TC<pol 
 
 Kapxr$ovloi$ : JJap^cn, shields of 
 hide among the Carthaginians. 
 % Varro : " Quod a medio in 
 
PAR- 
 
 PAR 
 
 321 
 
 omnes partes par." That is, 
 from paris is parima, parma, 
 like Gemma, Gluma. Homer 
 has, aa"7r/8a Travrocrs Tcnjv. JBut 
 this is not distinctive enough. 
 
 Paro, I acquire, get, procure, 
 buy, furnish, provide, get ready. 
 Fr. noipu. That is, J bring any- 
 thing near one, so as to be ready 
 for use. In Od. K, 9, nap* Se 
 <r<piv oveiura fLvpicx. xfirou, TtctpoL 
 xeirai is " apposita sunt et 
 parata." In II. I, 90, we have 
 napoL $e <r$J rlQei psvosixea. hsuru, 
 and in 91 Homer joins %go- 
 xslpsva. to hoipot. ^f " Paro 
 and pario are both from Hebr. 
 bam." V. See Pario. % Or, 
 if the proper meaning of paro is 
 to adjust, settle, dispose, (as in 
 Sallust : ■' Consules provincias 
 inter se paraverant") it may be 
 from s7r<xpco, 'napco, to adjust or to 
 fit into. E being dropt, as in 
 Remus, Rufus, Ruber, Liber, 
 &c. ^f A\. from iropog, a means 
 of providing anything ; whence 
 iropity, to provide, supply. As 
 sApor from 'Onog, '07r6g. And 
 somewhat similarly cAnis from 
 xTvo$. ^f Wachter mentions the 
 Armoric para, to adorn. 
 
 Paro, onis, a kind of bark. 
 Ilcx.puiV. 
 
 . Parochia, a parish, That is, 
 the possession of an ecclesiasti- 
 cal parochus. 
 
 Parochus, a providitor whose 
 business it was to provide what 
 was afforded by the public to 
 ambassadors, &c. From nup- 
 °X a pf* m ^« °f "^ctqi^oiy to fur- 
 nish. ¥ Hence those are called 
 parochi in the Church, who 
 undertake the care of souls, and 
 Etym. 
 
 supply what is necessary to the 
 salvation of the faithful." F. 
 
 Parodia, a parody. Ilotgu)- 
 liu. 
 
 Paronychia, whitlows. I7ag- 
 
 Pdropsis, a platter. nctpotyl$. 
 
 Parr a , 
 
 Parricida, the murderer of a 
 parent. For patricida. Hence, 
 the murderer of near relations, 
 as the sense of Parents was ex- 
 tended. And finally, a mur- 
 derer in general, % It is writ- 
 ten also paricida. Festus states 
 that paricida is not one who 
 kills a parent, but one who kills 
 any body ; and adduces the 
 Law of Numa: " Si quis ho- 
 minem liberum dolo sciens 
 morti duit, paricida esto." 
 " Whence it is manifest," says 
 Wachter, " that par signified 
 a man, and was derived from 
 the Barbarians. It was the 
 same as bar, a word of common 
 use in the ancient laws of the 
 Franks and Dutch, and of Lom- 
 bardy. Lex Alamann. : ' Si 
 quis morttaudit barum aut foe- 
 minam.' Again: * Si ancilla me- 
 rit, solvat solidum unum. Si 
 barus fuerit, similiter. Si ser- 
 vus, medium solidum.' Here 
 barus is a freeman, opposed to 
 a slave." 
 
 Pars, partis, a part, portion, 
 division ; a party, faction ; a part 
 or character in a play ; the part 
 which we are to perform in life, 
 or in an action, an office, duty. 
 Partis is fr. irevotpTou pp. of 
 Trsigca, to make to pass through, 
 perforate, and so divide. Ho- 
 mer has 7re7r«gj«iva from irenap- 
 2 s 
 
322 
 
 PAR" 
 
 PAS 
 
 ju,«*. Compare Portio. Scheide 
 quotes from Hesychius : Tlup- 
 <ro$' y.\a.(T\La. n<x§<ros would be 
 from the second person iriitup- 
 <rai, and would produce pars, 
 ^f Al. from <pag<ro$, a piece or 
 portion, ^f " From Hebr. pa- 
 ras, to divide." Tt. 1 
 
 Parsimdnia, sparingness. Fr. 
 parco, parsum. As Queror, 
 Querimonia ; Sanctus, Sancti- 
 monia. 
 
 Parthenia, sons of unmar- 
 ried women. TlupUvtcn. 
 
 Parthenice, Parthenium, the 
 herb pellitory. IIotpkvixY), Uap- 
 Qeviov. 
 
 Particeps, participis, taking 
 a part or share in, partaking in. 
 From partem capio. 
 
 Parncipium, a participle. 
 Fr. participis. As having cases 
 and tenses, and so partaking the 
 qualities of nouns and verbs. 
 
 Participo, 1 share. Fr. par- 
 ticeps, cipis. 
 
 Partim, partly. Fr. pars, 
 partis. 
 
 Partio, Partior, I part, share, 
 distribute. Fr. pars, partis. 
 
 Parturio, I desire to bring 
 forth. Fr. pario, partum. Like 
 Esurio. 
 
 Partus, a birth. Fr. pario, 
 paritum, partum. 
 
 Pdrum, a little. For parvu- 
 lum, whence parulUm, parilm. 
 If Al. from navgov. 
 
 Pdrumper, for a little while. 
 Fr. parum. Per as in Paulis- 
 per, Tantisper, from nsp, as in 
 oXtyov mp. 
 
 1 Wachter notices Hebr. patar, parti- 
 tus est, peter, pars. 
 
 Parus,' 
 
 Parvus, little, small. As 
 Nervus is from Nevpov, so par- 
 vus is from nofipos, small. 
 
 Pasceolus, a leathern bag. 
 Fr. $ao->caXo£. ^f Or for pe- 
 sceolus fr. ire<rxo$, a skin, hide. 
 
 Pascha, the passover. J7a<r- 
 
 X 01 - 
 
 Pasco, I feed, give food to, 
 
 nourish ; 1 feed myself, graze. 
 
 Fr. 7raa>, whence wacrxco, as $<xoo, 
 
 <p<x<rxcti ; /3aw, /3«<rxw. 
 
 Pascuum, a pasture. Fr. 
 pasco. 
 
 Passer: See Appendix. 
 
 Passer marinus, an ostrich. 
 So a-rpovQog peya;, and <TTpov8b$ 
 simply, is an ostrich. 
 
 Passim, loosely, here and 
 there. Fr. panrlo, pansum, pas- 
 sum. " Quasi late et expan- 
 dendo se." F. So we have 
 " passi capilli." 
 
 Passiva verba, passive verbs. 
 Fr. patior, passum. As ex- 
 pressing what we suffer or is 
 done to us, in opposition to 
 what we do. Amo, Amor. 
 
 Passum, sweet wine made 
 (ex uvis passis) of grapes dried 
 in the sun. 
 
 Passus, having suffered. Fr. 
 patior^ patsum, passum. Also, 
 being spread out. Fr. pando, 
 pansum, passum. Uva passa is 
 a dried grape. As having suf- 
 fered the heat of the sun, when 
 laid out to dry. Or as being 
 stretched out in the sun. "Uva 
 ad solem expansa." F. Passi ca- 
 pilli is applied to the hair spread 
 out loose, in opposition to its 
 being tied and confined. 
 
 Passus, a pace, step ; foot- 
 
PAS- 
 
 PAT 
 
 323 
 
 step. Fr. pando, pansum, pas- 
 sum. A throwing wide of the 
 feet. 
 
 Pasticus, a grass-lamb. Fr. 
 pasco, pastum. 
 
 Pastillus, a roll or ball of 
 medicine or perfume. "Pasta, 
 votary, [i. e. sprinkled,] a loz- 
 enge or small cake sprinkled 
 over with some dry powdered 
 substance. Hence pastillus" 
 Tt. If AI. from vaarog formed 
 from votoo, (whence vrjyco, vot^vg, 
 &c.) to press close; allied to 
 /3aa>, whence (5ao\o$, /3«SAo£. ^f 
 Al. from pasco, pastum. "Quia 
 pascit, utpote cibus." V. 1 
 
 Pastinaca, a parsnip. Tur- 
 nebus : " Quia referat et quasi 
 habeat pastinum"* 
 
 Pastinaca, a fish with a poi- 
 sonous sting in the tail. Tur- 
 nebus: "Quod telum quasi 
 pastinum habeat." 
 
 Pastinum, a two-pronged tool 
 to set plants with or to dig up 
 and prepare the ground with 
 for planting. For pacstinum, 
 i. e. paxtinum, from pago, paxi, 
 somewhat as from Vexi is Vex- 
 illum. Tinum, as in Cras, 
 Crastinum. Columella defines 
 it " ferramentum quo semina 
 
 PANGUNTUR." ^f Al. from 
 
 votaaoo, Doric of vrjaaco, I fix. 
 
 Pastophori, priests of Isis 
 and Osiris. IIctaTo<popoi. 
 
 Pastor, one who feeds ani- 
 
 1 " Fr. panis, whence paniculus, pani- 
 cillus, pastillus," says Dacier. But pa- 
 mcillus will not produce pastillus. If 
 from patiis, it must be for panistillus. 
 
 2 Al. from pasco, pastum, to feed. But 
 this is too general a sense. 
 
 mals» a shepherd, goatherd. Fr. 
 pasco, pastum. 
 
 Pastus, a grazing, &c. Fr. 
 pasco, pascitum, pastum. 
 
 Patagium : See Appendix. 
 
 Patagus, some disease. Per- 
 haps from vuTotyo;, a stroke or 
 blow, as Apoplexy is fr. wA^yw, 
 v\rfcu), to strike. 
 
 Patcfacio, 1 lay open. Pa- 
 tere facto. 
 
 Patella, a dish, platter. And, 
 from a likeness in form, the 
 knee-pan. Fr. patina, whence 
 patinula, patinella, patella. Or 
 fr. patena, patenula. 
 
 Patina, a platter. Fr. pateo, 
 as Habeo, Habena. "Vas la- 
 tum et patens." F. 
 
 Pateo, I lie open, am mani- 
 fest. Fr. vstuco, transp. vutsco, 
 1 expand. Used in a neuter 
 sense. 1f Al. from /3 ottiv$, deep. 
 T for 0, as in Lateo from Aol- 
 Qico. ^f "Or from Hebrew 
 PTT, to open, or PTA, to be 
 large or broad." V. 
 
 Pater, a father. U«Tr^. J 
 Patres are fathers or forefathers. 
 Also, the senators. Sallust: 
 "Vel aetate vel curae similitu- 
 dine patres appelJabantur. ,> 
 
 Patera, a broad cup or bowl 
 used for drinking from, and 
 making libations. Fr. pateo. 
 " Poculi genus planum ac 
 patens," says Macrobius. Era, 
 as in Gr. eaviga. 
 
 Pater nus, paternal. Fr. pa- 
 ter. 
 
 Pdtheticus, pathetic. J7«- 
 
 3 "Pers. pader, Anglo-Sax. fader, 
 Franc. /ater, Germ, voter." W. 
 
324 
 
 PAT PAT 
 
 Pdfhicus, a pathic. nuQixog. 
 Pdtibulum, a kind of gibbet 
 made of a stake .vertical at bot- 
 tom, but open at top and 
 branching out right and left, 
 like the letter Y. Fr. pateo, 
 as Lateo, Latibulum. ^f Al. 
 from patior. As an instrument 
 of suffering. 
 
 Pdtientia, patience. Fr. pa- 
 tiens, patientis. 
 
 Patina , a dish. Fr. 7raTav*j, 
 as ^u^Avu, machlna. 
 
 Patior, 1 suffer, endure, put 
 up with. Fr. 7ruQsoo, as puTeo 
 from nvOeoo. Perhaps immedi- 
 ately from a verb vaQl^oo, nciQity- 
 jxui, iEol. fut. 7ra(3»oDjw,a<. 
 
 Patratus pater, a herald cho- 
 sen from out the Feciales to 
 demand satisfaction from an 
 enemy. Supposed to mean a 
 father who had a father. Such 
 a man, says Hooke, was thought 
 by Numa to be more inclined 
 to be faithful to his country. 
 Some understand pater as re- 
 ferring to his being chosen head 
 of the Feciales, and patratus 
 to his having a father, or having 
 been made a father. % Some 
 understand patratus of being 
 sanctioned and agreed on to 
 carry the message. But is 
 patro in this sense used of per- 
 sons ? They said, Patro rem : 
 could they say, Patro homi- 
 nem ? 
 
 Pdtria, i. e. terra, one's na- 
 tive country. Fr. patrius. 
 
 Pdtriarcha, the author of a 
 race or people or church, a 
 patriarch. ilarpja^>jf. 
 
 Patricii, descendants of the 
 ( Patrum) senators. 
 
 Patrimoniumj property left 
 (a patre) by a father ; hence, 
 property arising from any quarter. 
 So Matrimonium. And Parsi- 
 monia, Sauctimonia. 
 
 Pdtrimus, one whose father 
 is alive. So JVlatrimus. 
 
 Patrius, belonging to (pa- 
 trem) a father or (patres) one's 
 fathers, paternal, hereditary. 
 
 Patro, I effect, perform. 
 Fr. TrpaiToo, transp. Tiaxrpw, ita,- 
 
 TgOO. 
 
 Patro, liberis do operam. A 
 pater, patris. Id est, pater fio. 
 ^f Nisi transiatum est a generali 
 sensu tou patro ad rb ^ootTreiv to, 
 
 Pdtrocinor, I protect, defend. 
 Fr. pater, patris, like Sermoci- 
 nor. Patrem ago. See Pa- 
 tronus. Festus: " Patrocinia 
 appellari ccepta sunt, cum plebs 
 distributa est inter Patres, ut 
 eorum opibus tuta esset." ^f 
 Or for patronocinor fr. patro- 
 nus. 
 
 Pdtronus, a protector, patron; 
 an advocate in causes. Qui pa- 
 trem agit erga alterum. So Ma- 
 trona. 
 
 Pdtrutlis, the son or daughter 
 (patrui) of an uncle. 
 
 Pdtruus, an uncle (ex parte 
 patris) on the father's side, or 
 the brother (patris) of a father. 
 Others say, because he is in the 
 place of a father, when the father 
 is dead. Also, a severe repro- 
 ver, like a morose uncle. 
 
 Pdtulcius, Janus. Fr. pateo. 
 Because in the time of peace 
 the gates of his temple were 
 open. Something like Hiulcus 
 from Hio. 
 
PAT- 
 
 PA U 
 
 325 
 
 Patulus, open, wide, broad, 
 flat. Fr. pateo. 
 
 Pava, a peahen. Fr. pavo. 
 As Leo, Lea. 
 
 Pauci, a few. Fr. TreirxvKct 
 (7rauxa) pf. of navco, whence a 
 word navxog. From rruvca we 
 have irotupoi, few. IF Or fr. 
 paulus, whence paulicus, (as 
 Unus, Unicus,) then paucus. 1f 
 AL. from navpos, whence pau- 
 ricus, paucus. 
 
 Paveo, I fear, dread. Fr. 
 <pa/3w or <p«/3ico ' fut. 2. of $e/3a>, 
 whence $e/3o|xai, I fear. From 
 <$a/3ai is spavj/, <pufib$, a dove, as 
 Tprjpwv from Tplw. ^[ Al. from 
 pavio, as Jaceo from Jacio. 
 That is, pavior cor metu. Or 
 from pavor, and this from pavio 
 or 7ra/co. Qui pat;z7 cor. 4 
 
 Pavicula, an instrument with 
 which the floors of houses or 
 barns were beaten to make them 
 plain and hard. Fr. pavio. 
 
 Pavidus, fearful. Fr. paveo. 
 As Splendidus. 
 
 Pavimentum, a pavement, 
 floor. Fr. pavio, I ram down. 
 Cato : u De testa arida pavi- 
 menium struito. Ubi structum 
 erit, pavito fricatoque," &c. 
 
 Pavio, I beat, strike. Fr. 
 7ra»«, pa'io, pa Vio, as "Oi$, ois, 
 oVis. 
 
 Paulatim, by little and little. 
 For pauculatim. 
 
 Paulisper, for a little while. 
 Fr. paulo or paulum. As Pa- 
 rum, Parumper. 
 
 1 Others refer to $oj8e'«, which is more 
 remote. 
 
 3 Al. from a word iraeca same as iraico. 
 
 Paulo, a little, somewhat. 
 For pauculb or pauxillb. If 
 paullo, from pauculo, pauclo, 
 paullo ; or pauxillo, paullo. 
 
 Paululatim, by little and 
 little. Fr. paulum, paululum. 
 
 Paulus, little. For pauculus, 
 or pauxillus. 
 
 Pavo, onis, a peacock. For 
 /?#o, paonis, as oVis for ois. 
 Poo, paonis, for tao, taonis, fr. 
 racov, Tatovoj. So we have both 
 Teropsg and IIsTopes, four. Com- 
 pare abo Spatium, Spolium. 
 ^f " Eric us derives it from oiium, 
 an attendant. As being the at- 
 tendant of Juno, avis Junonia. 
 Anglo-Sax. pawa." W. 
 
 Pavor, fear. See Paveo. 
 
 Pauper, poor. Yr. paveo, as 
 Trrcop^oj from tttoocctco, ^s^tm^ol, 
 which is explained by Valcke- 
 naer u metu contractus cado." 
 Hence paviber, (as from Facio 
 is Faciber, Faber : from Salus 
 is Saluber), whence pauber, (as 
 aVIceps, aUceps), for softness 
 pauper. 
 
 Paupertas, poverty. Fr. pau- 
 per. 
 
 Pausa, a pause, stop. Ilctv- 
 <rig. 
 
 Pausarius, an officer in a ship 
 who directed the rowers wheu 
 to stop. Fr. pausa. 
 
 Pausea, Pausia: See Ap- 
 pendix. 
 
 Pauso, I pause. Fr. pausa, 
 or 7ra,voo } 7ra.6<Too. 
 
 Pausus, a God of peace. Qui 
 vult belium pausare. 
 
 Pauxillus, very little indeed. 
 Fr. paucus, whence paucissi- 
 mus, paucsimus, pauximus, (as 
 Magnissimus, Maximus); hence 
 
3<26 
 
 PAX 
 
 PEC 
 
 pauximulus, pauximlus, pauxiU 
 lus. 1 
 
 Pax, pads, peace. Fr. pago, 
 paxi. Either from joining toge- 
 ther parties, or from making a 
 treaty or compact. See Pa- 
 ciscor and Pactum. Marcell. 
 Comes Indict. : "Pax cum Par- 
 this depacta est." If AI. from 
 pacio, whence paciscor. 
 
 Pax ! hush, peace ! J7af . ^f 
 Al. from pax, peace. Sit pax. 
 
 Paxillus, a small stake. Fr. 
 pago, paxi, whence paxulus, 
 paxillus. From being driven into 
 the ground. So Vexi, Vexil- 
 lum. 
 
 Pecco, I do wrong or amiss, 
 err, sin. Tooke: " From Anglo- 
 Sax, pcecan" Quayle: "From 
 Celt. peajiym or peceym." 2 If Or 
 from pecus, whence pecuco, (like, 
 Fodio, Fodico), pecco. Or fr. 
 pecus, pecudis, whence pecu- 
 dico, pecco. By a metaphor 
 from sheep, or other cattle. 
 Isaiah : "All we like sheep 
 have gone astray." 
 
 Pecten, a comb. Fr. pecto. 
 Hence, from likeness in form, 
 the slay of a weaver's room ; a 
 rake ; a harrow. So it is ap- 
 plied to things which are inter- 
 woven together, like the teeth of 
 a comb in the hair. As the 
 mazes of a dance, and the veins 
 
 1 Al.from paucus, pauculus, paucillus. 
 But why X for C ? 
 
 2 " This verb peakym or peccym may 
 be deemed of recent introduction from 
 the Latin. But it appears in every dia- 
 lect of the Celtic ; and it is improbable that 
 the same corruptions should take place in 
 all." Quayle in the Classical Journal, 
 Vol 3, p. 122. 
 
 in wood. Also, the quill with 
 which they played on a stringed 
 instrument. " Instrumentum ad 
 fides peclendas seu pulsandas," 
 saysForcellini. Rightly, if pec- 
 to can be employed in the sense 
 given to it by Plautus : " Leno 
 pugnis pectilur." Pecten was 
 also a scallop or similar shell- 
 fish, from their indentations re- 
 sembling the teeth of a comb. 
 It is also used for Lat. pubes, 
 like the Greek xts)$, xtsvo$. 
 
 Pectino, I comb. Fr. pecten, 
 pectinis. 
 
 Pecto, I comb, dress the 
 hair; I card, hoe. Also, I 
 thump, give one a dressing. Fr. 
 nexTsa), 7tsxtco, I card or comb. 
 
 Pectorale, a breast-plate. Fr. 
 pectus, oris. 
 
 Pectus, the breast. Fr. thjx- 
 to$, compact, firm. So vrepvov 
 is (TTEpwov, firm. And trryjflos is 
 fr. ecrnj0>jv a. 1. p. of crraw, I 
 make to stand firm, I make 
 firm. 
 
 Pecu, the same as pecus. 
 
 Peculiaris, pertaining to the 
 {peculium) private property of a 
 son or slave ; private, personal, 
 peculiar, especial. 
 
 Peculiatus, cujus «ISoTa (quae 
 sunt peculium cujusque et pri- 
 vata possessio) bene sunt in- 
 structa. 
 
 Peculium, the stock which a 
 son with the consent of his fa- 
 ther, or a slave with that of his 
 master, had of his own ; private 
 property, money put by in any 
 way. For this stock consisted 
 in {pecu) cattle. Varro : " Non 
 solum adimis domino pecus, sed 
 etiam servis peculium, quibus 
 
PEC 
 
 TED 
 
 327 
 
 domini dant ut pascant." Hence, 
 says Forcellini, we perceive that 
 the peculium of servants was first 
 and properly a quantity of cat- 
 tle given them by their mas- 
 ters. 
 
 Peculor, I rob or embezzle 
 the public goods or money. For 
 depeculor, as Populor for De- 
 populor, Molior for Demolior. 
 That is, de pecu publico aliquid 
 subiipio. Among the ancients 
 cattle was the chief property. 
 
 Pecunia, money. Fr. pecu. 
 For the first coin at Rome was 
 stamped with the figure of cattle. 
 % Al. as being given in ex- 
 change for cattle which was the 
 principal commodity. In the 
 Iliad Glaucus exchanges his 
 golden armour, worth one hun- 
 dred head of oxen, with Dio- 
 mede for his brazen armour, 
 worth only nine, kxaTopfioicx. sv- 
 vsafioiwv. *[[ Al. as being first 
 made of the hide of cattle. Se- 
 neca: " Qui aureos debet, et 
 qui corium formal public^ 
 percussum, quale apud JLace- 
 da?monios fuit, quod usum nu- 
 meratae pecunice praestat." 
 
 Pecus, pecoris, cattle. Sup- 
 posed to have been properly 
 said of sheep. Ovid: "La ni- 
 GERUMque pecus ruricola?que 
 boves." Fr. nixos, a fleece. As 
 bearing it. % Or fr. ttsxoo, to 
 shear. If Becman : " From 
 Hebr. bakar, pecus, armentum, 
 bos." Pecoris gives reason to 
 suppose that pecor once existed. 
 ^f The Northern feho andjfo f 
 
 Wachter in Vieh. 
 
 is cattle. C might be inserted, 
 as in Xnzos, SpeCus. ^[ Or 
 pecus is connected with %ocui, to 
 feed ; and itoiii, a herd. 
 
 Pecus, pecudis, a beast, ani- 
 mal. Properly, a sheep. Then, 
 any cattle. See above. 
 
 Pedamentum, a stake fixed to 
 support vines. Fr. pedo. As 
 Fundo, Fundamentum. 
 
 Pedanei Judices, judges who 
 took cognizance of minor of- 
 fences. As sitting (ad pedes) 
 at the feet of the Pra2tor in 
 the subsellia. % Al. as not 
 riding in their carriages like the 
 chief magistrates, but going on 
 
 FOOT. 
 
 Pedarii. Adam : " Those 
 senators who only voted, but 
 did not speak ; or who had the 
 right of voting only, not of 
 speaking, were called pedarii, 
 because they signified their opi- 
 nion {pedibus) by their feet and 
 not by their tongues. Or, ac- 
 cording to others, because, not 
 having borne a curule magis- 
 tracy, they went to the Senate 
 on foot." 
 
 Pedatura, a measuring (pe- 
 dibus) by feet, and the space 
 measured. 
 
 Peddtu tertio, at the third 
 onset. That is, accessu pedis. 
 
 Pedes, afoot-soldier. Fr. pes, 
 pedis. 
 
 Pedetentim, step by step, 
 gradually. From pede tettto, 
 to try with the foot. As said 
 of persons feeling their way 
 with their foot before they ven- 
 ture on. Cato : " Earn viam 
 pedetentim tentabam." Cicero : 
 " Timide et pedetentim. 3 * 
 
PED 
 
 PEL 
 
 Pedica, a fetter, Fr. pes, pe- 
 dis. As Manus, Manica. 
 
 Pediculus, a little foot. Fr. 
 pes, pedis. Also, the footstalk 
 or pedicle of a flower or leaf. 
 Also, a louse. " So named 
 from its many small feet." Tt. 
 Somewhat as a shrimp is called 
 in Greek xctgig from its large 
 (xupu) head. Pes, pedis is used 
 in the same sense. 
 
 Pedhequus, a footman, lac- 
 quey. Qui pedem sequitur. 
 
 P edit at us, infantry. Fr. pe- 
 des, peditis. 
 
 Pedo, as, I prop up vines 
 with stakes. " Pede statu mi- 
 no." V. ^[ Or from is&auo, ne- 
 8», I bind, hold. % Al. from 
 sfiTTsdoco, s^7rsda>, I make firm. 
 
 Pedo, is, I break wind. Fr. 
 $Ux, transp. /315«;. % Or fr. 
 
 Pedo, onis, splay-footed. Fr. 
 pes, pedis. Like Capito, Na- 
 so. 
 
 Pedum, a shepherd's crook. 
 " As supporting (pedes) the feet 
 of the shepherd." V. Or from 
 its performing the office (pedis) 
 of a foot, ^f " A crooked stick, 
 by which (pedes) the feet of 
 sheep are restrained," says 
 Taubman. 
 
 Pegasus, Pegasus. Ilr)ya.- 
 
 Pegma, a wooden frame or 
 machine for books, &c. Spe- 
 cially a wooden machine con- 
 sisting of stories, which were 
 raised and depressed in appear- 
 ance spontaneously, IVr\y\hOL. 
 
 Pejero, I forswear, perjure 
 m) self. For perjero, and this 
 for perjuro, like Dejero. Per 
 
 seems to signify through, so as 
 to pass through a boundary and 
 step beyond it. And pejero, 1 
 act so as to go beyond my oath. 
 So Perfidus is one who goes 
 beyond his good faith. Or per 
 is lightly, loosely, heedlessly, as 
 in Perfunctorie. 
 
 Pejor, worse. Fr. pessHm, 
 whence pessimus, and compara- 
 tive pessior, pezior, pejor, 
 somewhat as from Magior is 
 Major. % Al. from tts^«, the 
 extremity of anything. That is, 
 lower, inferior. 
 
 Petdgius, belonging to the 
 sea. IIi\uyio$. 
 
 Peldgus, the sea. IleKuyoc. 
 Pelamis, Peldmys, a young 
 tunny. IIri\cifug, IIvi\afjLv$. 
 
 Pelecanus, Pelicanus, a pe- 
 lican. I7eXsxavo£. 
 
 Pelldcia, enticement. Fr. 
 pellax, dcis* 
 
 Pellax, enticing, deceiving. 
 For pellicax fr. pellicio. ^f Or fr. 
 pello. Livy : " Ipsum in His- 
 panic juvenem nullius forma pe- 
 pulerat captiva?." 
 
 Pellectus, allured. Fr. pelli- 
 cio, or rather pellecio. 
 
 Pellex, pellicis % a concubine. 
 Fr. pellicio, to entice. % Al. 
 from nuWctxls. 
 
 Pellicdtus, a concubinage. 
 Fr. pellex, pellicis. 
 
 Pellicio, I draw, allure, en- 
 tice. For perlacio. 
 
 Pelliculo, I cover the mouth 
 of a vessel (pellicula) with a 
 skin. 
 
 Pellio, a tanner. Qui pelles 
 conficit. 
 
 Pellis, a skin or hide ; gar- 
 ment made of hide ; a tent made 
 
PEL- 
 
 PEN 
 
 329 
 
 of skins. tl Fell t (Germ.) the 
 natural covering of an animal. 
 A Celtic word. Welsh pi I, 
 Goth, fill, Anglo-Sax. fell, 
 Lat. pellis. From Goth, filhan, 
 to hide or cover in any man- 
 ner. So Iceland, feta is to 
 hide. The Celtic pil signifies 
 not only the stripped skin or 
 hide of a beast, but the bark 
 which covers trees as hides cover 
 the bones and flesh of animals. 
 In this sense the Welsh still use 
 fill and the Greeks so used 
 4>sXXoV W. From Pollux 
 Donnegan cites TreXXa, a skin, 
 leather. 
 
 Velio, I drive, drive away. 
 Also, I drive at, strike, as in 
 Terence : " Tune has pepu- 
 listi fores?" And so, I strike 
 the mind, affect, touch it. Per- 
 haps the sense of striking is the 
 primary one ; and so pello may 
 be from /3sXXco, I strike ; a verb 
 which is seen to have existed 
 by /3sXo£, which cannot be formed 
 from jSaXXco, but from /3sXXa>, 
 jSsXoo. So fioXY), /3oX»$, /3oXsa>, 
 &c. are from /3s/3oXa pf. mid. of 
 /SeXXw, not of /3aXXco. ^f Or 
 from neMco, which seems to 
 have existed formerly. From 
 the pf. pass. 7re7re\Tai seems to 
 be xaravehTviSa a catapult; which 
 Donnegan erroneously traces to 
 iruKXco, as /3eXo$ to /3aXXo>. So 
 from tfsKXw, ireXcu or TreXea;, 
 seems to have been formed 
 wXeco, fut. n\Y)cra), whence TrXvjtr- 
 arca, I strike, ^f Some trace 
 pello to nuWw, I shake, and 
 hence, like Percutio, I strike. 
 Rather, to 7rlxXa> ; from whose 
 pf. pass. TteveXTM seems to be 
 Etym. 
 
 7reXT)j, a small shield. Homer 
 has <raxea"7raXo£, a shaker or 
 brandisher of a shield. And 
 cnxxog itself is from <ruoo, (recaxa, 
 to shake, ^f Al. from a7reXXo>, 
 I exclude, shut out. A dropt, as 
 in Rura from "Apovpct. 
 
 Pellonia, a Goddess powerful 
 in repelling an enemy. Fr. pello. 
 
 Pelluceo, I shine through. 
 For perluceo. 
 
 Peloris, a shell-fish. 27eXcop/f. 
 
 Pelta, a small buckler. ITsXtij. 
 
 Pelvis, a vessel for washing 
 things. Fr. irikvg, a bowl ; 
 whence itkxV\)$, (as in Sylva, 
 Arvum,) pelvis. If Or for 
 peluis, (as solUo, solVo,) pel- 
 luis fr. pelluo i. e. perluo 
 (like Pelluceo), to bathe tho- 
 roughly. % Al. from pede- 
 luis, as properly washing the 
 feet ; whence pedelvis, pelvis. 
 
 Penarius, a pantry, larder. 
 Ad penum pertinens. 
 
 Penates, household Gods. 
 As presiding over the (penus) 
 provisions and stores of a house. 
 As Magnus, Magnates. 51 ^ r 
 fr. penes, within. As inhabiting 
 and being worshipped in the 
 inner part of the house. See 
 Penes. 
 
 Pendeo: See Appendix. 
 
 Pendo, 1 weigh. That is, I 
 suspend in a balance. From 
 pendeo. Pendere facio. As 
 from Fugio is Fugo, fugere 
 facio. Hence, I weigh in my 
 mind, I estimate, esteem, value. 
 Also, I pay : because money 
 was anciently weighed, not 
 counted out. So pendo pcenas 
 is to pay a penalty, to be pun- 
 ished or fined. 
 
 2 T 
 
330 
 
 PEN- 
 
 PEN 
 
 Penes, in the power of, in 
 the hands or possession of. 
 From Hebr. penim, within, says 
 Becman, and adds : " Quod 
 penes te est, non est extra, aut 
 externum ; sed intus, ut quasi 
 possideas, aut firme teneas." 
 Terence : '* Isthaec jam penes 
 vos psaltria est? Ellam intus." 
 From penes is penitus, inward; 
 and penetro. 11 % See Penus. 
 
 Penetrate, the interior of a 
 place. Fr. penetralis. 
 
 Penetralis, interior. From 
 penetro, i.-e. penitus intro. 
 
 Penetro, I go within or into, 
 pierce or penetrate. For peni- 
 tro from penitus. Eo penitus. 
 % Al. from penes, within. 
 
 Penicillum, a painter's brush ; 
 a plasterer's brush. A rubber, 
 wiper. Also, a roll of tent put 
 into wounds. From Peniculus. 
 
 Peniculus, a little tail. Fr. 
 penis. It was said of the hairy 
 or shaggy tail of certain animals, 
 as of oxen, horses, and foxes ; 
 and was used for brushing or 
 rubbing off dirt, and applied to 
 other things besides tails. A 
 brush, rubber, wiper made of 
 sponge, &c, a dish-clout. A 
 painter's brush or pencil. 
 
 Penis, virile membrum. A 
 irlog,' 1 unde pe'is, penis, ut 7r\so$, 
 pleiis, pleNus ; Xsiog, lei's, leNis. 
 Dicitur et de cauda animalium. 
 Quia aeque pendet ac penis. 
 Sed alii priorem sensum a pos- 
 teriori ducunt. Et referunt pe- 
 nis pro cauda ad pendeo, quia 
 dependet. Pro pendis ergo. 
 
 1 Al. from irckas. 
 3 Al. a ffivew, fiivw. 
 
 Sed quo D evasit? Wachter 
 memorat Belg. |?ee$, nervus. 
 
 Perntus, inward. Fr. penes, 
 which see. So Funditus, Coe- 
 litus. 
 
 Penitus, inwardly, to the in- 
 terior or inmost parts, to the 
 very bottom, entirely, wholly. 
 Fr. penes. 
 
 Penna, a feather, wing. An 
 arrow, to which feathers are put 
 at one end. Fr. %t6Wy), iEol. 
 of 7TTe*v^, 7t?t£»v^, winged. Hence 
 pierina, for softness penna. 
 
 Pense:, same as Impeus&. 
 
 Pensilis, hanging. Fr. pendo, 
 pensum. 
 
 Pensio, a payment ; a stated 
 payment, rate, pension. Fr. 
 pendo, pensum. 
 
 Pensito, same as penso. As 
 Musso, Mussito. 
 
 Penso, I weigh. Fr. pendo, 
 pensum. Also, I weigh one 
 thing against another, 1 counter- 
 balance, requite, recompense, 
 make good. Also, I pay. Also, 
 1 abridge. See Compendium. 
 
 Pensum, a small portion of 
 wool or flax {pensum) weighed 
 out to female slaves to be dressed 
 or spun. Hence any piece of 
 work, task, office. 
 
 Pensus, weighed, valued, es- 
 teemed. Fr. pendo, pendsum, 
 pensum. 
 
 Pentameter, having five mea- 
 sures or feet. IIevTa[x.eT§o$. 
 
 Pentateuckus, Pentecoste: 
 Greek words. 
 
 Penteris, a ship of five banks 
 of oars. TIsvTYjp^g. 
 
 Penuria, P anuria, want, 
 need. Fr. niivct, famine. % Al. 
 from nevus, poor. But E is 
 
PEN- 
 
 PER 
 
 331 
 
 short. Hev>js and nelvx are words 
 of near alliance. 1 
 
 Penus, Penum, Perm, provi- 
 sions, stores, victuals. Pickled 
 provisions. And some of the 
 ancients thought that even frank- 
 incense and tapers, wood and 
 coals, were a part of the penus 
 of a family. Butler says : " Pe- 
 nes is from penus, the store- 
 house ; and signifies the abso- 
 lute possession and power of a 
 thing, as if it were laid up at 
 our disposal." Rather, penus 
 is from penes; and means those 
 provisions which are in our pos- 
 session and at our disposal, quae 
 penes nos sunt. Or, if penes 
 (See Penes and Penitus) means 
 " within," penus may mean the 
 provisions which are laid up 
 within, in intimis locis domtis 
 seposita. ^T Al. for phenus ft. 
 ■a^svog, 'tyivog, income, produce. 
 
 Peplus, a woollen embroidered 
 robe, which on solemn occasions 
 was put on the statues of Mi- 
 nerva. Any magnificent robe. 
 
 Pepo, a pompion or pumkin. 
 IIsTrcuv. 
 
 Per, through. Fr. irepaco, 
 nepa), to pass through ; whence 
 ireptx is quite through, and over 
 or beyond, ^f A J. for par from 
 TTotpoi, as Trctpoi tcocvto, tov xpdvov, in 
 the course of, during, through. 2. 
 
 Per , very. As in Per- 
 
 absurdus. From mp), as in 
 
 1 Al. from airavla, want, lack ; transp. 
 Giraiva, whence pcena, as 5*aA.Ae«j, Fallo. 
 
 2 Al. from irepl, which has nothing to 
 do with per. Jamieson refers to Iceland. 
 fyver, anciently fyre; and Su. Goth. /oer. 
 
 TregixctXXfjg. OrfromTrsp. "lisp, 
 much, very. Formed from vep), 
 same sense as TrepKrtrobs" Dn. 
 5f Al. from per, through, whence 
 throughly or thoroughly. 
 Pera, a wallet. Ilypot. 
 Pet ago, I drive through. 
 Ovid : " Peragit freta ccerula 
 remo." 1 pass through in rela- 
 tion, f relate. I pass time. 
 Peragere causas, is to plead : 
 properly, I go through them. 
 Also, I go through, accomplish, 
 complete. Also, I settle, dis- 
 patch, kill. " Peragere reum, 
 deferre inter reos, accusare, et 
 omnia peragere quae ad eum 
 damnandum pertinent." F. Per- 
 ago may mean here, vehemen- 
 ter ago seu agito. Or ago, 
 agito, per judicium. 
 
 Peragro, I wander over, tra- 
 verse. Per agros circumeo. 
 
 Peratim due tare. " Argen- 
 tum quod in pera est, alicui 
 caute et fraudulenter surripe- 
 re." F. 
 
 Perhito, I go through. See 
 Beto. Also, I perish, like Pereo. 
 Perca, a perch. IiipY.r\. 
 Perceilo, i forcibly drive on, 
 thrust, or strike. 1 strike or 
 beat down, overthrow. I strike 
 with astonishment, amaze. I 
 drive a person to do a thing, 
 impel, excite. See Cello. 
 
 Percipio, I perceive, under- 
 stand, feel. That is, (capio) I 
 take with my mind or senses. 
 
 Percontor, 1 enquire, investi- 
 gate. See Contor. 
 
 Perculsus, participle of per- 
 ceilo, per cull. 
 
 Percussus, struck. Vox per- 
 quassus, perquussus. 
 
332 
 
 PER- 
 
 PER 
 
 Percutio, I beat, strike. 
 From perqnatio. The sense of 
 beating is frequently perceived 
 in that of shaking. As in " So- 
 nitu quatit ungula campum." 
 Forcellini explains quatio, " a- 
 gito, pulso." 
 
 Perdagatus, searched tho- 
 roughly. Falsely formed, as it 
 seems, on the model of Indaga- 
 tus. 
 
 Perdix, a partridge. Z7lp8<£. 
 Perdo, I ruin, destroy. I 
 lose, i. e. throw away in vain 
 and so destroy: "jacturam fa- 
 cio." Fr. vepQco, whence perdo, 
 as we say murTHer and mur- 
 Der. ^f Or from per and do. 
 This seems established by per- 
 duis, perduint from duo the 
 same as do. Jones: " I put 
 through, i. e. put a nail through : 
 this being the ancient form of 
 cancelling a deed. Hence, in 
 general, to destroy." Or in 
 reference to waxen tablets : I 
 put my stylus through a word, 
 erase, ^f Al. from per negative, 
 as in Pereo. So ihatperdo is the 
 opposite of do, I place. That 
 is, I remove out of its place, 
 take away. 
 
 Perduellis, a determined ene- 
 my. Fr. duellum, i. e. bellum. 
 Perduellio, the crime of one 
 who commits anything hostile 
 against the king or the state. 1 
 
 Perduim, fovperdam. From 
 duo, loco, lco. Perhaps rather, 
 
 1 '' Sed illo aevo videtur quodvis faci- 
 nus, capitali poena dignum, perduellionis 
 lege comprehensum fuisse. Alioquin 
 Iloratius ea lege reus agi non potuissct." 
 Crevier ad Liv. I, 26. 
 
 for perduerim. From duo, 
 did. 
 
 Pertgre, abroad, from abroad. 
 Peregri, abroad. That is, per 
 agros, over the fields. In oppo- 
 sition to being in the house. 
 Plautus : " Peregrique, et do- 
 mi." See Peragro. 
 
 Ptrtgrlnor, I go or live 
 abroad. Fr. peregrinus. 
 
 Pertgrlnus, coming from 
 abroad, foreigner, stranger. Fr. 
 peregre. Hence, raw, unex- 
 perienced. Properly, in the 
 customs and manners of the city 
 the stranger comes to. 
 
 Peremne, a kind of augury, 
 which took place when the ma- 
 gistrates passed (per amneni) 
 through a river or fountain after 
 consulting the augurs. 
 
 Perendie, the day after to- 
 morrow. For peremdie. " Qua- 
 si peremtd die," says Charisius. 
 That is, the day after a whole 
 day has passed. 
 
 Ptrenna. " Dea cui sacri- 
 ficia fiebant ut annare et peren- 
 nave prospere liceret," says 
 Macrobius. Or a Goddess to 
 whom the Romans prayed that 
 (pertnnaret) she would make 
 their prosperity lasting. 
 
 Perennis, unfading. For per- 
 annis. Durans per annos. 
 
 Pereo, I perish, die. That 
 is, in totum eo, 1 go totally 
 away, disappear. Or, eo in 
 pessimam rem. % Al. from 
 <pQs§e<ti, tpQelpw, I destroy : taken 
 in a neuter sense. 
 
 Perfectus, completely and 
 exquisitely done, or who does 
 so. Perfect. Fr. perjicio, I 
 do thoroughly. 
 
PER- 
 
 PER 
 
 333 
 
 Perfidus, faithless, perfidious. 
 See Pejuro. 
 
 Perfrico frontem, I cast off 
 shame. "We say in Yorkshire, 
 To rub one's face over with a 
 brass candlestick. " So Bailey, 
 the able Editor of Forcellini, 
 who gives this explanation : 
 " Nam, cum in pudore sanguis 
 in os diffundatur, qui erubescere 
 nolunt, hi solent faciem manu 
 perfricare ad ruborem ilium de- 
 tergendum, et sanguinem ad in- 
 teriora repellendum." 
 
 Perfrictioj a violent shivering. 
 Fr. perfrigeo, perfrigtum, per- 
 fricium. 
 
 Perfunctorie, carelessly, 
 
 slightly. Fr. fungor, Junctum. 
 Per seems to mean here the 
 same as 7rsgj in nspi&ilv and 
 nepioqclv, to overlook, ^f " Cum 
 quid non serio accuratur, sed ut 
 officio perfuncti videamur, et 
 quantum satis sit aut ad repre- 
 hensionem vitandam aut ad ve- 
 niam emerendam." F. 
 
 Perfusorius, superficial. Fr. 
 fundoyfusum. That is, lightly 
 sprinkled. See Perfunctorie. 
 Also, dark, obscure. For per- 
 fundo is to sprinkle over and so 
 to cover or daub. 
 
 Pergamena charta, parch- 
 ment. Adam: "The exporta- 
 tion of paper being prohibited 
 by one of the Ptolemies out of 
 envy against Eumenes, king of 
 Pergamus, who endeavoured to 
 rival him in the magnificence of 
 his library, the use of parchment 
 or the art of preparing skins for 
 writing was discovered at Perga- 
 mus, hence called pergamena." 
 In Suidas we have 7repyap)va/, 
 
 Per go, I go right on, advance, 
 go on. For perrego, whence 
 perregsi, perrexi. That is, per- 
 rigo me. Forcellini explains 
 rego, " to keep straight or from 
 going wrong." 
 
 Pergracor, 1 carouse like 
 (Graci) the Greeks. See Gra?.- 
 cor. 
 
 Pergula, a balcony, gallery. 
 " Quia extra parietem pergit 
 seu porrigitur." F. So Tego, 
 Tegula. Or for porgula (as 
 dEntes for dOntes, Ervum for 
 Orvum,) for porrigula. It is 
 explained also " coenaculum," 
 a garret or attic, with steps 
 leading down to the street. Fes- 
 tus : " Ccenacula, ad quae scalis 
 ascenditur." Did these garrets 
 project like balconies ? In vine- 
 yards it is an arbour formed by 
 a vine. " Ramorum porreo 
 ta dispositio in mod um pergu- 
 la" F. It is also a hut. Au- 
 sonius : " Vilis arundineis cohi- 
 bet quern pergula tectis." The 
 Delphin Editor says : " Hlc est 
 tuguriolum arundinibus tectum, 
 a similitudine pergula seu vitis 
 jugatae, Gall, treilie." 
 
 Pergulana, an arbour-vine. 
 " Vitis quarn nuper sibi cognitam 
 esse ait Columella. Ita fortasse 
 dicta quod in modum pergula 
 ejus palmites disponebantur." 
 F. 
 
 Ptrhibeo, I hold forth. Fr. 
 habeo. 
 
 Periclitor, I hazard, try. Fr. 
 periclum. 
 
 Periculum, Periclum, a trial, 
 risk, hazard, danger. Fr. pe- 
 rior, whence experior. So Ter- 
 reo, Terriculum. 
 
!34 
 
 PER 
 
 PER 
 
 Perimo, I take thoroughly 
 away ; I take out of the way, 
 kill. Fr. emo, 1 take. 
 
 Perinde, in a like or equal 
 degree. When Pliny says, 
 " Utilissimum munus, sed non 
 perinde populate," inde is, on 
 that account, in consequence, 
 in the manner you would ex- 
 pect from it, " pro eo quod ex 
 ea re suspiceris." And per in- 
 creases the force of the dissimi- 
 larity : Very useful, but not at 
 all so popular in consequence 
 as you would expect. Terence : 
 " Haec perinde sunt ut ilhus 
 animus qui ea possidet." Hill 
 well observes : " Inde has an 
 immediate reference to the sup- 
 posed origin of the latter from 
 the former quality. And per to 
 the thorough resemblance be- 
 tween them." hide seems fuller 
 expressed in proinde. 
 
 Periocha, a summary. Ilepio- 
 
 Ptriodus, a period, Ileplofoc. 
 
 P trior : See Experior. 
 
 Perzpateiici, the Peripatetics. 
 nspiTrotTYiTixoi. 
 
 Ptripttasmata, hangings or 
 arras. TIspnrsTad^oLTu. 
 
 Periphrasis, circumlocution. 
 IIspl<ppa(rtc. 
 
 Periscelis, tdis, a garter. /7e- 
 
 QKTXe\l$, 
 
 Ptristroma, arras. Ilegi- 
 
 Peristylium, Peristylum, a 
 cloister. IlegHTTvXiov. 
 
 Perltus, experienced, expert. 
 Fr. perior. See Experior. 
 
 Perjurus, forsworn. See 
 Pejero. 
 
 Permitto, I grant, allow, in- 
 
 trust, yield. In composition 
 mitto has often the sense of 
 giving. Indeed we may fre- 
 quently perceive this meaning 
 in the simple. M Mitt ere cor- 
 pus sepulchro" is to give, con- 
 sign, commit to the tomb. So 
 Virgil uses the compound: 
 " Rogum permittere flammag." 
 So from eoo, I send, is saoo, I 
 permit. 
 
 PerriUy the ham, shoulder, or 
 leg of a pig. A gammon of 
 bacon. Tlspvct. It means also 
 the heel, and is then from nTspvot. 
 T dropped, as in Penna for 
 Ptenna. 
 
 Peniicies, destruction. From 
 per and neco or necis. 
 
 Pernuiosus, destructive. Fr, 
 pernicies. 
 
 Pernio, a chilblain on the 
 heel. Fv.perna, a heel. 
 
 Pernix,permcis, speedy, fleet. 
 Fr. pernixus, fr. pernitor, I tend 
 forwards vigorously. (( Qui 
 multo nisu se movet." F. 
 
 Pero: See Appendix. 
 
 Perofiga, Proriga, 
 
 Peroro, I speak, harangue. 
 See Oro. Here per is very. 
 Also, 1 wind up a speech, con- 
 clude. Properly, I sum up the 
 heads of my preceding discourse ; 
 I harangue and go (per) over 
 the most important particulars. 
 
 Perosus, hating greatly. Fr, 
 odi, osum. Osus is here de- 
 ponent. 
 
 Perpendiculum, a plumb-line 
 or level. Fr. perpendo. "Quo 
 rectitudo aut obliquitas operis 
 perpenditur et examinatur, 
 plumbo a filo pendente." F. 
 Perptram, rashly, inconside- 
 
PER 
 
 PER 
 
 335 
 
 rately, unsteadily ; and so amiss, 
 wrongly. Gloss. Fbiloxen. : 
 " Perperus, Trepnepoc, vgoirsTYjS. 
 Perperam, svoif^agroog, 7rpo7rsToog. 
 Perperam ago, itepvepeuoiiMi, 
 TrpOTTSTsvopai" Suidas : " Ilsg- 
 %egs6e(r$oa' ngoitzTsiv." Schleusner 
 thinks this sense agrees better 
 than others with 1 Cor. 13, 4 : 
 'H <xyoL7TY) ov Trspirt-gsueTtxi, " non 
 praecipitanter agere solet, ne 
 aliis noceat." We may translate 
 it « vana efTutit, loquitur te- 
 mere," speaks unadvisedly and 
 without thought. Polybius : 
 crrw^uKog Kou XaXog xct) 7rsp7rspo$. 
 Schleusner says that TrspTcegeuo- 
 (lon and %sqirspog were formed 
 from the Latin. Perperus was 
 used by Accius. And, though 1 
 have not found so early a use of 
 the word in a Greek writer, yet 
 it is improbable that such a word 
 as perperus could have been in- 
 troduced into the Greek from 
 the Latin. Technical words, 
 
 SUch aS (TTTSKOVXctTWQ, KYIVGQS, CTOV- 
 
 §>xgiov, are of a very different cha- 
 racter. Salmasius thinks the word 
 was peculiar to the Cilicians. 
 
 Perpes, perpetis, uninterrupt- 
 ed, continual. Hence Nocte 
 perpeti is, the whole night with- 
 out any interruption. Taken 
 from the flight of birds who 
 (petunl) make for places and 
 stop not till (pertirtgunt) they 
 reach them. Cicero : " Grues 
 loca calidiora petentes" &c. Or 
 from men pursuing any object 
 and pursuing it without inter- 
 mission till they obtain it. Com- 
 pare Praepes. ^f Al. from wsrca 
 or 7r£T0|U,a/, to fly. ^[ Al. from 
 pes, pedis. As said of those 
 
 who linger not while on foot. 
 So perpelis would be put for 
 perpedis. 
 
 Perpelim, continually. Fr. 
 perpes, perpetis. 
 
 Perpetro, I achieve. Fr. patro. 
 
 Perpetuus, continual. Fr. 
 perpes, perpetis. As Perspi- 
 cuus. 
 
 Perplexus, ambiguous. That 
 is, twisted, involved, intricate. 
 
 Perquam, very. Cicero : 
 " Perquam breviter perstriuxi." 
 That is, tarn perbreviler quam 
 maxime. 
 
 Persephone, Proserpine. Ileg- 
 
 Persevero, I persevere. 
 "Cum constanlia animi et qua- 
 dam quasi severitate persto." F. 
 
 Persica, a peach-tree. Ilsg- 
 
 Persolata, Persollata : See 
 Appendix. 
 
 Persona, a mask used by 
 players, representing the human 
 face. Hence an image or figure 
 in chalk, &c. And, as players 
 used these persons to represent 
 particular characters, hence per- 
 sona is applied to playing a 
 part or supporting a character, 
 and means a character, part, 
 office so supported. And, be- 
 cause the persona represented 
 the face and character of some 
 particular individual, hence it 
 meant also a person, individual. 
 Fr. persono. Because the 
 voice of the actor passed 
 through the aperture in the 
 mask which corresponded with 
 the mouth, so that the actor 
 spoke through it. We should 
 have expected persona. '* lua- 
 
)S6 
 
 PER- 
 
 PES 
 
 merito," says Burgess on the 
 other hand, " viris doctis displi- 
 cuisse putem mutatam quantita- 
 tem. Namque in derivatis, suis 
 etiam, nou semper quantitatem 
 observant Latini." ^f Al. for 
 perzona fr. wepifyvvva), 1 gird 
 round ; or a word irepityvrj, 
 a girdle which goes round. 
 Hence perizona, perzona. 
 
 Personata : See Persolata. 
 
 Perspicax, acute. Qui per- 
 spicit. 
 
 Perspicuus, clear, evident. 
 Fr. perspicio. So Muto, Mu- 
 tuus. 
 
 Persulto, I leap about, bound. 
 For persalto. 
 
 Pertica, a long staff, pole. 
 For pertiga (as saCer for saGer) 
 fr.pertigo, pertingo, to reach to. 
 As from Frago, Frango, is 
 Fragilis. Or from pertigi. Per- 
 tica seems properly to be along 
 pole for reaching to objects. 
 Ulpian : '.* Pertica quibus ara- 
 neae deterguntur." Here the 
 pertica was used for reaching to 
 spiders and removing them. 
 
 Pertinax, very tenacious, ob- 
 stinate, persevering. Fr. per 
 and tenax. 
 
 Perversus, turned very much 
 the wrong way, distorted, awk- 
 ward, froward, perverse. Fr. 
 perverto. 
 
 Pervicax, obstinate, stubborn. 
 Fr. pervico, pervinco, as from 
 Frago, Frango, is Fragilis. One 
 who will go on till he conquers. 
 Ad vincendum perseverans. 
 
 Pervius, easy to be passed. 
 Per quern est via. 
 
 Pes, pedis, a foot. From the 
 iEolic 7Tg$, nehbg, whence weS»), 
 
 nshkov, itklov. Wachter refers to 
 Celt. pedd. Also, a foot in 
 verse, because a verse goes on 
 so many feet. Also, the mea- 
 sure of a foot. Also, like Gr. 
 7tou£, nolog, the halser in a ship. 
 Also, a louse. See Pediculus. 
 
 Pessimus, worst. Properly, 
 lowest in degree or kind. Fr. pes- 
 sum, down, down to the bottom. 
 The Latins say Pessum eo, to 
 go to destruction. And Pes- 
 sumdo is to destroy. 
 
 Pessulus, the bar or bolt of 
 a door. Fr. nua-o-ukog, whence 
 passulus, (as xpainAXri, crapUla,) 
 pessulus. % Or suppose that, 
 as itourvaLXos is from 7ra<r(roo, 
 so 'nfova.KQs was formed from 
 7TYi<r<ra). 
 
 Pessum, down, down to the 
 bottom. Lucretius : " Multae 
 per mare pessum Subsedere suis 
 pariter cum civibus urbes." 
 Whence, if a state is said " ire 
 
 pessum, 
 
 it is meant that 
 
 such a state is going to the 
 bottom, or going to be ruined. 
 Pessum is for pedessum, fr. 
 pedes versum. In a direction 
 towards the feet, fl" Al. from 
 /3u<rcrov, depth, whence bessum 
 and pessum. Y into E, as <rTv- 
 stiu), vTvtiw, sEntio. Or fr. 
 /3«cro-ov, deeper. % Al. from 
 pendo, pensum, pessum, as Pan- 
 do, Pansum, Passum. From 
 the notion of bodies weighing 
 and sinking by their weight. 
 Compare Pondus from Pendo. 
 
 Pessum, Pessus, a pessary. 
 IIs<r<ro$. 
 
 Pessumdo, Pessundo, I give 
 or send {pessum) to the bottom, 
 I ruin, destroy. 
 
PES- 
 
 PET. 
 
 3:37 
 
 Pestilens, pestilent. Fr. pes- 
 tis. Like Opulens. 
 
 Pestis, a ruin or destruction 
 by plague, lire, &c. For per- 
 estis fr. peredo, I eat away, con- 
 sume ; supine peresum and per- 
 estum. For edo makes esum 
 and estum, whence estricc. ^f 
 Al. from ws7rY}o-Toti pp. of Taw, 
 whence (from TreVyj/x-aj) was Tnj/jta, 
 detriment. 1 
 
 Petalium, an ointment made 
 from the leaves of nard. JJstol- 
 Xiov. 
 
 Petdminarius, a tumbler or 
 juggler. Fr. •ntTupsvog, flying. 
 
 Petdso, a gammon of bacon. 
 Ueracrcov. 
 
 Petdsus, a covering for the 
 head like a broad-brimmed hat 
 to keep off the heat of the sun. 
 
 Pttaurista, one who darted 
 his body from the petaurum. 
 JIsruvgiorTYjg, 
 
 Petaurum, a machine used in 
 the spectacles from which men 
 were raised to a great height, 
 and then seemed to fly to the 
 ground. Usravpov. 
 
 PefigOy same as Impetigo. 
 
 Petiolus, a little foot; the 
 stalk of fruits. Fr. pediolus fr. 
 pes, pedis. 
 
 Peto, I desire, beg, request, 
 covet, seek for. 1 desire to 
 reach, make for, go towards. I 
 desire to reach in fencing, I aim 
 at, thrust at, seek. Fr. wofleco, 
 7to0«;, whence petho, (as yOvv, 
 gEnu), and peto, as Aa8gco, la- 
 Teo; trade», puTeo. % The 
 
 1 Al. for pastis from pasco, pastum. 
 i[ Al. from irecw, to fall. 
 
 Etym. 
 
 Latin beto was to go, which 
 might be changed to peto. Or 
 peto might be even from irctco or 
 ttsoo, to press, to press on. For 
 /Saw, jSa/vw, is properly to press 
 on, as /3ao*£, a base, is from 
 fSuu), j5d(Tcjo, to press down. ^f 
 A I. from cnrctiTtQ or InuiTw, I 
 beg. Dropping A, as in Rura 
 from "Apovgct ; or E, as in Ru- 
 ber, Ruius. But then E should 
 be long. ^f Al. from TrsSaw, 
 7reS«3, I bind, and so compel, bid, 
 &c. % Tooke : "From Anglo- 
 Sax, biddan, to bid." The 
 Germ, beten and bitten, and 
 Dutch pitlan are also ment oned 
 by Wachter : who mentions also 
 Germ, bieten, porrigere. 
 
 Pttoritum, Pttorritum, a 
 Gallic carriage or waggon. 
 From its four wheels. ** By 
 the Welsh and Armories, the 
 guards of the ancient Gallic and 
 British language, four is to this 
 day expressed by pedwar or 
 petoar. Hence petoritum." W. 
 The iEolic vhopeg, four, bears 
 a strong resemblance. But it 
 seems likely that ritum is from 
 the Celtic. For Irish rit, rho- 
 tha, Welsh rhod, Germ, rad, 
 Armoric rat, mean a wheel.* 
 
 Petra, a rock, stone. Ukrpa. 
 
 Petro, a ram. Fr. petra. 
 From the hardness and rough- 
 ness of its flesh. 
 
 Petulans, freakish, skittish, 
 saucy, wanton, lustful. Yr.peto. 
 " Qui quoslibet sine discrimine 
 petit et lacessit." F. Said pro- 
 perly of rams butting. See Pe- 
 tulcus. 
 
 2 Wachter in Rad. 
 
 Q, v 
 
138 
 
 PET- 
 
 PHR 
 
 Ptlulcus, apt (petere) to butt 
 or strike, frisking, wanton. Fr. 
 petulus, then petuiicus, (as Po- 
 pulus, Populicus,) petulcus. So 
 Hiulcus. 
 
 Pexatus, clothed (pexd veste) 
 in a new garment, with the nap 
 on and combed or dressed. 
 
 Phtccdsium, a kind of shoe 
 worn by the Greeks. #a»x«- 
 
 (TIOV. 
 
 Phanon, the planet Saturn. 
 4>ctlvcov. 
 
 Phdtthon, Phaethon. 0a=- 
 
 Phdgo, onis, a glutton. 3>a- 
 ywv. 
 
 Phalcccum carmen, the hen- 
 decasyllabic verse. From the 
 inventor Phalcecus, say Teren- 
 tianus and Servius. 
 
 Phalange, Pdlangce, rollers 
 to put under ships to roll them 
 forward. Hence, levers to 
 carry or raise weights with. 
 And large clubs. <Pu\ctyycti. 
 
 Phalanx, a phalanx. 0«- 
 
 Phdlem, trappings for horses. 
 Any ornaments or finery. <Pu- 
 Xctpcx.. 
 
 Phallus, ligneus penis. <Pu\- 
 Xo$. 
 
 Phantdsia, fancy, notion, 
 idea. <Puvtcx.it la.. 
 
 Phantasma, a spectre. <£av- 
 Ta.crfji.ot. 
 
 Phdrttra, a quiver, <PupBTpct. 
 
 Pharmdcopola, a druggist. 
 0ap/xaxo7raJXrjj. 
 
 Pharmdcum, a drug. 4>ag- 
 
 Pharmdcus, an execrable 
 wretch. <Puppuxos. 
 
 Phdaelus, a gaily, pinnace. 
 
 Also, a kidney-bean. Both 
 from $a<ri}Xof. 
 
 Phdseolus, a kidney-bean. 
 
 <PQKTY10\0$. 
 
 Phasidnus, a pheasant. <Pu- 
 (Tioivog. 
 
 Phengltes, a pellucid stone. 
 <Peyyhris. 
 
 Phidla, a cup. 0i«A>j. 
 
 Phiditia, Spartan dinners. 
 <PstiiTia. 
 
 Philema, a kiss. <2>»A>)ju,a. 
 
 Philologus, a philologist. #<- 
 Xo\oyo$. 
 
 Philosophia, philosophy. <Pi- 
 Xo<ro<pla,. 
 
 Philosophies, a philosopher. 
 <Pi\6cro<po§. 
 
 Philtrum, a love-potion. <Plk- 
 
 TpOV. 
 
 Philyra, the linden tree. 0i- 
 Xvpot. 
 
 Phimus, a dice-box. tpipos. 
 
 Phoca, a sea-calf, ^coxrj. 
 
 Phcebas, a priestess of Phoe- 
 bus. <Poi(3ols. 
 
 Phoebe, Diana. 3>o»'/3*j. 
 
 Phoebus, the Sun. #o?/3o£. 
 
 Phoemceus, Pcernceus, of a 
 scarlet color. <Poiv(xeo$. 
 
 Phoerncopterus, a bird called 
 the phenicopter. tpowiKonTspos. 
 
 Phoenix, a phenix, the fabu^ 
 lous bird. <£omf. 
 
 Phonascus, a teacher of elo- 
 cution ; the leader of a choir. 
 <Powx.<rxds. 
 
 Phormio, a mat. <Pogfj<lov. 
 
 Phosphorus, the morning star. 
 *t>m(T<p6pog. 
 
 Phrdsis, diction, style. <Ppdt- 
 
 Phrhiesis, frenzy. 0gs'v>j(n£. 
 Phrygiones, persons who 
 embroidered clothes with nee- 
 
PHR PIG 
 
 339 
 
 die-work. From the Phrygians, 
 who were skilled in it. Pliny : 
 " Acu facere Idaei Phryges in- 
 venere." Virgil has " Phry- 
 gian! chlamydem." 
 
 Phrygius, appertaining to 
 Cybele who was worshipped 
 chiefly on Ida, a mountain of 
 Phrygia. 
 
 Phu, a sound of aversion 
 from a bad smell. From the 
 sound. Or from Gr. 5. 
 
 Phy, a sound of surprise. Fr. 
 
 Phy Idea, a prison. #uAa- 
 Phylacttrium, an amulet. 
 
 4>V\otXTY)plOV. 
 
 Phylarchus, the head of a 
 tribe. ^uAap^of. 
 
 Physeter, the whirlpool, a 
 fish. 0ucr>jrijp. 
 
 Physicus, relating to natural 
 philosophy. <Pv(rix6s. 
 
 Physiognomon, a physiogno- 
 mist, ^uerioyvoujttcov. 
 
 Physiolbgia, physiology. <Pu- 
 cioXoyiot» 
 
 Piaculum, an expiatory sacri- 
 fice. A crime which needs 
 expiation. Fr. pio. As Spec- 
 to, Spectaculum. 
 
 Pica, a magpie. " Oninino," 
 says Ainsworth, "kinase, pi- 
 cus." As Lupus, Lupa. % 
 Or from the same derivation 
 with picus. ^f Al. from 7tojx»A>j, 
 contr. ttoIkyi, various-colored. 
 
 Picaia uva, a grape which 
 had the smell and taste (pick) of 
 pitch. 
 
 Picea, the pitch tree. As 
 shedding (picem) pitch. 
 
 Piceus, black (instar pkis) 
 like pitch. 
 
 Picris, idis, bitter lettuce. 
 Iltxpig. 
 
 Pictor, a painter. Fr. pingo, 
 pingtum, pinctum, pictum. 
 
 Pictum, a painting. Fr. 
 pingo, pictum. 
 
 Picas, a woodpecker. Fr. 
 vs'iKca, same as %uivco, to pluck 
 wool ; hence to pluck generally. 
 ^[ Or from Germ, picken, bicken, 
 to beat with the beak, to peck. 
 Or from Germ, picken, bicken, 
 Welsh pigo, to pick, or pierce. 
 
 Pietas, piety, affection, &c. 
 Fr. plus. 
 
 Piger, unwilling, loth, list- 
 less, slothful. Fr. piget. Quern 
 piget, quern dolet, cui molestum 
 est, to whom any thing is pain- 
 ful, wearying, irksome, trouble- 
 some. " Piger scribendi ferre 
 laborem" is one to whom the 
 bearing of the labor of writing 
 is painful, wearying, or irk- 
 some. 1 
 
 Piget, it pains, causes regret 
 or sorrow, grieves, troubles, 
 wearies ; it is painful, unplea- 
 sant, troublesome, wearisome, 
 irksome. For pigret from wi- 
 xgb$ ; or at once from nixbg, 
 which Hesychius states to be a 
 dialectic form of nixgo$, bitter, 
 pungent. That is, pungit me, 
 Saxeflu/Aov ecm. Piget seems to 
 have reference rather to regret 
 than to irksomeness. Sallust : 
 " Dum me civitatis morum piget 
 TiEDETQUE." It gives me re- 
 gret and it wearies me. Dona- 
 tus : " Pudet quod turpe est ; 
 
 » << From Hebrew PGD or PGR, de- 
 bilitari, tardari, pigrescere." V. 
 
340 
 
 PIG- 
 
 P1L 
 
 pi get quod do let." ^[Al.from 
 evetyei, Wye», urget. ^f Others 
 refer piget to piger, and piger or 
 pigrus to nwpb$ which Hesy- 
 chius explains by ocpyotXiog. 
 % Haigh supposes piger put for 
 pager, (as sllex from %AX.ilj 9 ) 
 from a word iru^vpog, same as 
 •Rayys, thick, dull. Rather from 
 
 7rap£U£, ZEol. TTU^Vp. 
 
 Pigmentum, a paint, rouge. 
 Disguise. Fr. pigo, pin go, as 
 from Figo, Fingo, is Figmen- 
 tum. 
 
 Pignus, a pledge, pawn ; a 
 stake, wager; a forfeit or fine 
 paid as a pledge of future good 
 behaviour ; a pledge, proof, 
 assurance. For picnus fr. ttux- 
 vo$, firm. As making a con- 
 vention firm, or establishing it 
 on a firm footing, ^f Or fr. 
 pepigi irom pango, whence Pac- 
 tum and Compact. A pledge 
 being necessary to the agree- 
 ment or compact made. 
 
 Pila, a mortar. Fr. 7ri\6co, 
 ?nAw, to condense, ^f Or for 
 pisula fr. piso, pinso. As from 
 Figo, Fingo, is Figulus. 
 
 Pila, a pillar formed of a 
 heap of stones or bricks. Also, 
 a mole or pier by the sea-side. 
 Fr. tti\ou), fl-jAw, to stuff closely. 
 % Or, as oAju,o£ signified not only 
 the mortar, but the pestle or 
 cylinder employed in the mortar, 
 so pila acquired the sense of 
 pillar through the same transi- 
 tion. ^[ Al. from Saxon pil, 1 
 moles. The Welsh piler, Germ. 
 pfeiler, are a pillar. 
 
 Todd in Pile. 
 
 Pila, a ball to play with or 
 vote with. Anything round as 
 a ball. Also, a ball of wool or 
 rags, or stuffed with, straw, made 
 to represent the human head, 
 and placed in the way of wild- 
 beasts to irritate them. Fr. 
 iri\og 9 wool stuffed. But the I 
 should thus be short. Yet we 
 have fera from QHpog. Indeed 
 Eustathius states that ifikog sig- 
 nified a ball, and quotes Suidas : 
 *H Aapwaai. <r<paipl^ou(ra 7rl\cp. 
 Though Vossius seems to object 
 that Suidas here states that for 
 vfyoupa. the Greeks said also 
 TvaKKoL, and that hence the Latins 
 formed their pila. ^f Or from 
 itoKog, the globe ; which might 
 be transferred to a globe or 
 globular body. Or fr. ttoAsco, 
 •jtoKw, to roll round. Hence pila, 
 as jcOvjj, clnis. ^f Al. from 
 pilus. As stuffed with hair. 
 Or, (as T is neglected in Penna 
 from TTrevva,) from ttt/Aov, a 
 downy feather. 
 
 Pilentum, a soft easy chariot. 
 As covered with (iSiXog) wool 
 stuffed together to make it easier. 
 Virgil: " Pilentis in molli- 
 bus." % Macrobius states that 
 formerly in the sacred proces- 
 sions the sacred instruments used 
 to be placed in the pilenta, and 
 adds, u pellibus aut lana coactili 
 (quae Tclkog Graece dicitur, unde 
 pilentis no men) contegi consue- 
 visse ne vulgo conspicerentur." 
 
 Pileus, a hat. Fr. n~iko$ or 
 ttjA/ov, a hat. 
 
 Pilo, I pull off (pihim) the 
 hair from. Also, I begin to 
 have hair. 
 
 Pilo, I rob, pillage. Fr. $1- 
 
P1L PIN 
 
 341 
 
 Ae'a>, <pZA«;, I rob. As Poenus 
 from ^oil/if. Blomfield x seems 
 to wish to expunge this word 
 from the Greek language. But 
 it occurs in too many places and 
 Edds. to allow us to excom- 
 municate it. z However, if it is 
 to be expunged, pilo may be put 
 for pelo fr. <p>jAeco, <£»jAa3. As 
 nHyca, flgo ; pHypa, rlma. So 
 ttXEkui, pllco; XEirop, liber. 
 % Al. from mkeco, thAw. " Quia 
 fures STiPANT ea quae furan- 
 tur," says Dacier. 
 
 Pilo, (whence Oppilo,) I 
 block up. /LAoco, niKco. 
 
 Pilula, a pill. That is, a 
 little ball. Fr. pi/a. 
 
 Pitum, a pestle. Fr. ttiXqco, 
 7riAw, to beat close and thick. 
 ^f Or contracted from pistil- 
 lum, somewhat as Velum from 
 Vexillum. 
 
 Pilum, a javelin. As being 
 in shape like a (pilum) pestle. 
 1T Al. from the North. Welsh 
 bilan is a spear ; Germ, pfeil is 
 a dart. Belg. pyl is an arrow. J 
 
 Pilum primum, the first com- 
 pany of soldiers armed with the 
 pilum. 
 
 Pilus, a hair. " Fr. htiAov, a 
 downy feather. For what scales 
 are in fish, and feathers in birds, 
 that hairs are for the most part 
 in terrestrial animals," V. The 
 T dropt, as in Penna from 
 Hrevva. If Or from Goth. jiU 
 hart, to hide, cover : to which 
 Wachter refers the Celtic Fell, 
 
 1 AdJEsch. Agam. 475, Choepb. 988. 
 
 2 See Ernesti ad Horn. Hymn, in Mer- 
 cur. 159. 
 
 3 Wachter in Pfeil. 
 
 the hide or natural covering of 
 animals ; and the Celtic Pil, 
 which, he says, means bark, as 
 it surrounds and covers a tree. 
 So hair covers the head, and 
 indeed nearly all the body. 
 
 Pimpled, a Muse. As in- 
 habiting the mountain Pimpla 
 in the neighbourhood of Olym- 
 pus. 
 
 Pinarii and Potitii, two fa- 
 milies chosen to preside over 
 the sacrifices made to Hercules. 
 Livy says of them : " Adhibitis 
 ad ministerium dapemque Poti- 
 tiis ac Pinariis, quae turn fami- 
 liae maxim& inclytae ea loca in- 
 colebant." The account then 
 of Servius is fictitious : " Fer- 
 tur Potitius dici, quod eorum 
 auctor epulis sacris potitus sit ; 
 Pinarius, quod eis fames epu- 
 larum sacrarurn indicta sit. 
 Hoc enim eis Hercules dixisse 
 dicitur, TjiteTj Se fl-eji/acrsTs." 
 
 Pincerna, a cupbearer. One 
 who (xipvci e$ to irlvsiv) mixes 
 wine for drinking, ^f Or for 
 picerna (as N is addec^ in Fran- 
 go, Lingo) from £7r<x/pv>jj, (Vi- 
 xlpvyg) from smxipvaco. Pincer- 
 na is a word " cadentis Latini- 
 tatis." 
 
 Pingo, I represent by lines 
 and colors ; I color, dye, paint; 
 I adorn, deck. Fr. Qeyyoo, I 
 illuminate. Hence pkingo, (as 
 rEyyco, tlngo,) and pingo, as 
 Poenus from <Po'm%. Seneca : 
 " Stel lis pingitur aether." % Or 
 from vYjya), 1 fix, set in ; whence 
 pigo (as from itHyco is also fl- 
 go), and pingo, as N is added 
 in Lingo. So Fingo is from 
 nyyw. Jones explains pingo, 
 
34<2 
 
 PIN 
 
 PIN 
 
 "I Fix colors on anything." 
 % Or from ttIvo%, %lvuxo$, a ta- 
 blet on\vhich a picture has been 
 painted, and also a picture. 
 Hence kivolkqw, 7nvaK«3, I im- 
 print on a tablet ; whence pin- 
 co, pingo. ^f Al. from stxoo, I 
 resemble; taken in| the active 
 sense, I make to resemble. 
 From Feixco, phico, is phi go, 
 (as plaGa from 7r\uKct),phingo, 
 (as N is added in Lingo,) and 
 pingo, as Pcenus from 3>o7v*£. 
 
 Pinguis, fat, thick. From 
 7tvxvo$, thick ; transp. nwKos, 
 pinkis, pinquis (as seKor, 
 seQUor ; linKo, linQUo), pin- 
 guis. Or, if the N be added, 
 from 7re7ruxa, whence 7rvxo$, 
 thick, and the known 7ruxa, 
 thickly, ^f As from $A<rb$ is 
 dENsus; so from ar«%yg might 
 be penchis, whence penguis, (as 
 from A<Xw is liNGUa), for soft- 
 ness pinguis, as from 'Evrbg is 
 Intus. 1 
 
 Pinna, a shell-fish called a 
 naker. IJlvvu. 
 
 Pinna,it\\e pinnacle of a 
 wall or tower. It is, says 
 Wachter, from the Celt, perm, 
 pinn, a summit, top. But Vos- 
 sius deduces it from pinna, a 
 wing ; comparing the Greek 
 TTTsgov and vreguytov used for the 
 wing of a building. Schleusner 
 translates nTepvyiov rou Upov 
 
 1 AI. from Trie», I make plump, whence 
 irlwv, fat, and irt/ieA.??, fatness. As from 
 i(6.oi, Trdyoi, ireiraxa was formed iraxvs ; 
 so from 7rtw, might have been formed irt- 
 7«, -xenixa, tix^j whence piNchis, pin- 
 guis. But it is safer to take a word ab- 
 solutely existing. 
 
 " fastigium seu superior pars 
 templi." Whence then is pin- 
 na, a feather, wing ? From 
 7TTHVY), winged, iEol. Trrevva, 
 whence ptinna, (as TEyyoo, tin- 
 go ; 'Evto$, Intus,) then pinna, 
 as Penna is also for UTzvvol. 
 But Vossius thus : " From the 
 ancient pinnus, acute, which is 
 from Hebrew PNA, angulus." 
 Pinnus, acute, is deduced by 
 Wachter from the same Celtic 
 word pinn, a summit, mentioned 
 above. Pinna is also the wing 
 of a fish, or fin. Sax. Jin, 
 Dutch vin. 
 
 Pinnaculum, a pinnacle. Fr. 
 pinna. 
 
 Pinriicillus, a pencil. As 
 made (e pinnis) of feathers. 
 
 Pinnirapus : "A gladiator 
 who aimed at and tried (rapere) 
 to seize (pinnam) the summit 
 of the helmet of his opponent." 
 Forcellini. See Pinna. Ma- 
 dan explains pinna the crest of 
 the helmet as being adorned 
 with peacock's (pinnis) plumes, 
 and adds : " The figure of a 
 fish was on the helmet. As 
 pinna also means a fin, perhaps 
 the pinnirapus was called from 
 his endeavouring to catch this in 
 his net." 
 
 Pinnoteres, a fish, the guard 
 of the pinna fish. TIivvoTYigYi$. 
 
 Pinso, I bray, bruise, beat. 
 For piso, as N is added in Lin- 
 go, &c. Piso is even read in 
 some copies or edd. of Varro 
 and Pliny. It is fr. wnVeo fut. 
 of 7mWco or tcrlw. T dropt, as 
 in Penna from 77revva. Indeed 
 Donnegan states thatthe original 
 form of itriavm was 7nV<r#. 
 
PIN 
 
 PIT 
 
 343 
 
 And truly, as irl<r<rto is from nica, 
 7ti<tco, to press close. So ttToAij 
 for 7roXij. 
 
 Pinus, a pine tree. For pi- 
 tus fr. niTu$. Or rather fr. Ttl- 
 rug, whence iriTv'ivbs, 7rnvo$, and 
 pinus, as Remus for Returns. 
 ^f Hemsterhuis and Valckenaer 
 supposed that there was an old 
 word 7nvo£,which produced 7r/va£, 
 a plank as made of pine wood, 
 and pinus. 
 
 Pio, I appease or propitiate 
 by sacrifices ; I purge or ex- 
 piate by sacrifices. Fr. Qvco, I 
 sacrifice ; JEol. $vco, (as 6^>, 
 <£^£,) whence phio, and pio, as 
 Pcenus from <Poivi%. ^f Al. 
 from piws. Pfe colo. 1 
 
 Piper, pepper. Ileiregi, 
 
 Piperatus, peppery, biting. 
 Fr. piper. 
 
 Pipio, to peep or cry as a 
 chicken. Fr. icmitjo», fut. wwiVw, 
 
 Pipio, the young of birds, as 
 (pipiens) peeping. 
 
 Pipo, same as Pipio. 
 
 Pipulum, a crying out or 
 railing against any one. That 
 is, by imitating the mournful 
 cry of birds. Fr. pipio. The 
 Latins said also Occentare ante 
 ostium. 
 
 Pirata, a pirate. IIsipa.Tr}g. 
 
 Pints, Pyrus, a pear-tree. 
 Fr. et-mog, whence apiRus, (as 
 (xova-dwv, musaRum,) and pirus, 
 as "Apovpu, Rura. % Al. from 
 itvpog gen. of nog, fire. Pears 
 being conical like the ascent of 
 fire. % " Anglo-Sax. per. 
 
 1 Al. from irlu), same as irdoo, iravw, I 
 restrain, still, appease. 
 
 Welsh peren. From Celt, per, 
 sweet." W. % " From Syriac 
 peri" Tt. 
 
 Piscina, a fish-pond. Fr. 
 piscis. Also any pond or place 
 for holding water. Also a 
 bathing place. " Quoniam in 
 piscinis etiam homines natabant, 
 invaluit consuetudo ut omnes in 
 hunc usum collectze aqua?, sive 
 frigidae, sive calida?, piscina di- 
 cantur, quamvis in his nihil 
 piscium sit." F. 
 
 Piscis, a fish. Fr. it'm, 7r/crx«), 
 7r»7r/crxco, to drink. We say, He 
 drinks like a fish. % Al. from 
 the North. " Goth, fisk, An- 
 glo-Sax. fisc, Armor, pesc, 
 Welsh pysg." W. z 
 
 Pisinnus: See Appendix. 
 
 Piso : See Pinso. 
 
 Piso, a mortar. Fr. piso, pin- 
 so. 
 
 Pistdcium, a pistachio nut. 
 niVTolxiov. 
 
 Pistiltum, a pestle to pound 
 with, Fr. pinso, pinstum, pis* 
 turn. Or fr. piso, pistum. 
 
 Pistor, a pounder of corn ; 
 also, a kneader of corn, a bread- 
 maker, baker. See Pistillum. 
 
 Pistrilla, a hand-mill. Fr. 
 pistum, whence pistrina, pistri- 
 nula, pistrilla. See Pistillum. 
 So Tonstrilla. 
 
 Pistris, Pistrix, for Pi istis. 
 
 Pisum, pease. TIIo-qv. 
 
 Pithecium, an ape. I7i0^xioy. 
 
 Pithos, Pitheus, a meteor in 
 
 2 <{ From Chald. pusha, to multiply: 
 because of their vast increase." Tt. 
 " From Chaldee PSF, defecit. As being 
 in appearance mutilated, having no feet." 
 Martini. 
 
344 
 
 PIT- 
 
 PLA 
 
 shape like a cask. I7/0o$, iri- 
 6eu$. 
 
 Pitisso: See Pytisso. 
 
 Pittacium, a billet or scroll 
 fixed to something else by 
 means of pitch. Also, a billet 
 generally. Also, a plaster. IIit- 
 rdxiov. 
 
 Pituita, phlegm, rheum. 
 Torptuita fr. tttuoo, I spit. But 
 Schneider supposes ttitvco to 
 have been either the original or 
 a lengthened form of nruco. ^T 
 Or fr. TTuri^ca, to spit out ; fut. 
 in>Ti<roo, iruTicb, transp. ttjtuw. ^[ 
 " Fr. vhTot, pitch. Because 
 the humor is of the consistence 
 of pitch." Tt. Rather, from 
 mrvis» resin. 
 
 Pius, devout, pious. Qui 
 piat, one who propitiates the 
 Gods by sacrifice. But this 
 sense of plus is very rare. Jt 
 usually means, one who is well 
 disposed to and treats with reve- 
 rential regard his parents, rela- 
 tives, and country ; one who 
 is kind, humane, and courteous, 
 just and upright to all. Is it 
 because a person, who was de- 
 vout to the Gods, was considered 
 as likely to fulfil his duty to all 
 in a becoming manner ? Thus 
 Johnson, after defining Godli- 
 ness to mean piety to God, 
 explains it " a general observa- 
 tion of all the duties prescribed 
 by religion." % Or from Qslog, 
 pertaining to God ; iEol. $s7oj, 
 (as 6yp, <Pr,q,) whence pius, as 
 Pcenus from <Polvi%. As we say 
 Godly, i. e. godlike. And hence 
 it was applied to duty to man. 
 Damm : " Oeovhrjg, qui Dei 
 reverentiam ob oculos ponit : 
 
 non exclusa tamen efi notione 
 qua similitudo moralis innuitur. 
 Od. ?, 121 : \ffe piAo'feivoi xa/ 
 cr^i v6o$ 1cm Qeovdfo, i. e. et ex- 
 emplo divino respondens. Di- 
 vinurn enim quam maxime est 
 bene facere indigis." 1 
 
 Pix, picis, pitch. Fr. 7rl<r<rot, 
 7ri<r(r. 22 being changed to 
 X, as ulySSex, ulyXes, and 
 perhaps niXor for niSSor. ^f 
 Or, as ?ru£ is fr. 7tvca, nknvxa., 
 xvxto, ttu^o) ; so pix may be fr. 
 TTico, xenixa, nlxco, iti^m. For 
 TTiVcra is itself from tt/oj, 7r/crw, to 
 make thick, % Or for pcx fr. 
 TTyyoOf nrfew, to make compact. 
 % Others derive picis from the 
 North. "Anglo-Sax. pic, Welsh 
 pijg, Belg. pik." W. 
 
 Placenta, a cake. Fr. a-Aa- 
 xovg, gen.7rAaxoWo$, (7rAaxevT0j). 
 % Al. from gen. k\uxovvto$. 
 
 Pldceo, I suit the taste or 
 temper of, please. Fr. 7rs7reAax« 
 (7T£7r\oixot) pf. of ireXotoo, I come 
 near to. "Non propter acces- 
 sum ad locum, quod soleamus 
 jungi iis qua? placent, aut sepa- 
 rari ab iis quae displicent : sed 
 propter accessum tropicum, 
 qui convenientia naturae, indolis, 
 voluptatis et morum definitur." 
 W. So the Greeks use tt^oct^co- 
 gioo, I come towards. Euripi- 
 des : Xpr\ 8= %svov fxsv xagrot Trpocr- 
 X M p-~w notei' " Oportet hospi- 
 tem valde se accommodare 
 civitati," is Barnes's version. 
 % Al. from 7r\axcJo(i. e. TrAaxeco,) 
 
 1 Haigh says : " Fr. irabs, feeding, 
 nourishing." Rather, from iribs, from 
 irlu), whence irialvw, to fatten, and so 
 nourish. 
 
PLA 
 
 PLA 
 
 345 
 
 fut. %. of 7rXexco, I weave. As we 
 say To insinuate oneself into 
 the favor of. ^f Al. from w'l- 
 <phxxa pf. of <px«£a>, whence 
 Blandus and Blandior. 
 
 Placidus, rnild, gentle, placid. 
 For placitus fr. placeo. That 
 is, pleased. Or from placeo, 
 as Fulgeo, Fulgidus. That is, 
 acting so as to please, amiable. 
 
 Pldcitum, an opinion, decree. 
 Quod placet seu placitum est. 
 
 Placo, 1 make quiet and 
 placid, calm, allay. From pla- 
 ceo, whence placidus. So Sedo 
 from Sedeo. ^f Or from 7rAa£, 
 TrXotxog, a tiat surface ; whence the 
 idea of evenness. 1 make even. 
 
 Plaga, a blow. Fr. i:\ay u, 
 Dor. of "nKriyYi. 
 
 Plaga, a space, region, tract. 1 
 Fr. irXdxa. ace* of 7rXcc%, a flat 
 surface. 
 
 Plaga, a net or toil used by 
 hunters for catching wild beasts. 
 For placa fr. nXaxcb fut. 2. of 
 kXexoo, to weave, twine. That 
 is, from a word nXotxY}.*- 
 
 Plagium > the crime of kid- 
 napping. Fr. nXoiyiog, crafty. 
 Hesychius: TlXxyioi' 80X101. Sui- 
 das : nXzyloQ$' fo\tto$. ^f Or fr. 
 TtXuyco (whence also irKotyiQi) fut. 
 2. of 7rAa?co, I make to wander or 
 go from the straight path, I decoy. 
 
 Plagula, a leaf or sheet of 
 paper. For placula fr. 7rXa%, 
 •nXaxog, a leaf. 
 
 1 In Livy 9, 41, where some suppose 
 plaga to be used in a new sense, Crevier 
 remarks : " Plagam Lie cum Dujatio in- 
 telligimus regionem." 
 
 2 " Ulitius states that plaga are smaller 
 nets, and such as are used in narrow 
 places, and derives them from irhdytos : 
 Quia obliqua? objiciuntur." F. 
 
 Etym. 
 
 Plagula, a curtain or hanging. 
 As being net-work. Fr. plaga, 
 a net. Forceliini explains " pu!- 
 vinares plaga in Nonius, " ke- 
 TicuLA fjuibus pulvini invol- 
 vuntur." ^[ O p fr» w *«?> ir\axo$, 
 a plank, table. So as to answer 
 to Tabulatnm, drapery. 
 
 Planca, a plank. Vox placa 
 fr. fl-Afiff, 7r\axh$, a plank. N 
 added, as in Flango. '* Germ. 
 plank, Welsh plange." W. % 
 Or fr. planus, whence planica, 
 (as Manus, Manica,) planca. 
 
 Planctus, a beating of the 
 breast. Fr. plan go, plangtum, 
 planctum. 
 
 Plancus, having broad feet. 
 For placus fr. nXxxoeig, nXuxov;, 
 broad. N added as in deNsus. 
 ^f Or for planicns fr. planus. 
 
 Pldneta, a planet. nAavjjnjj. 
 
 Plango, I beat, strike ; 1 beat 
 my body for grief on account of, 
 I lament. For plago, (as Pago, 
 Pango,) fr. •nXu.yo) fut. 2. of 
 n\Y)<r<rct), I strike. 
 
 Planguncula, a little puppet. 
 Fr. nXayyoov. 
 
 Planiptdes, actors of a low 
 order, who acted " non in sug- 
 gestu scena?, sed in piano," on 
 the floor. Others understand 
 them of such as acted with bare 
 feet, and not in socks or biukins. 
 
 Planities, a plain surface. Fr. 
 planus. 
 
 Planta, the sole of the foot. 
 Fr. planus, flat; whence planita 9 
 planta ; or rather planida, plan- 
 da, for softuess planta. Or for 
 planata. 
 
 Planta : See Appendix. 
 
 Plantarium, a nursery (plan- 
 tarum) of young trees. 
 
346 
 
 PLA 
 
 PLA 
 
 Planto, I plant, transplant. 
 " Per plantam arborem sei o aut 
 transero." F. 
 
 Planus, an impostor. n\&vo$. 
 
 Planus, plain, flat, level. 
 From ?rAa£, irXuxog, whence 
 tAojxjvoj, flat like a plank. Hence 
 placinus, plainus, planus, ^f 
 Al. from a word 7r\cwo§ from 
 t:\cIoo, whence perhaps kXoltv;, 
 flat. JJXoioo seems to be put for 
 neXctcu, whence (through TrsAa^o) 
 is possibly 7rskuyo§, the wide sea, 
 and -nsXctvog, a wide cake, ^f 
 AI. from %xdravoc, (from irXetros, 
 breadth,) taken in the sense of 
 broad, though it is used to sig- 
 nify the plane-tree from its broad 
 leaves. Or plain and flat like 
 the leaf of the plane-tree. Hence 
 platnus, planus, ■ f Ai. from 
 TrKctTvvu), to make broad. ^1 AI. 
 from ireXavos, (?rAavo£ s ) a cake of 
 blood or of any thing concrete. 1 
 
 Planus, plain, manifest, clear. 
 Fr. planus, level. As opposed 
 to things which are rough, rug- 
 ged, and difficult to go over. 
 
 Plasma, a thing formed or 
 feigned. Also, a gargle for the 
 throat to form the voice and to 
 make it liquid and clear. IlXoia^oL. 
 
 Plasmo, I form of earth. Fr. 
 plasma or nXcia^a. 
 
 P lasso, 1 form. IlXolcraw. 
 
 Plasles, a potter, caster in 
 moulds, maker of figures in earth 
 or plaster. UXu<tt^. 
 
 Pldtdlea, Pldtea, the spoon- 
 bill. Fr. ttXxtvs, i\a, broad, flat. 
 Grew: "The shoveller or spoon- 
 
 1 Al. from cnr\ai'7)s, 'irXavrjs, taken in 
 the sense of not causing to err, and so 
 level. 
 
 bill : the former name the more 
 proper, the end of the bill being 
 broad like a shovel; not con- 
 cave like a spoon, but perfectly 
 
 FLAT." 
 
 Pldtanon, a plantation of 
 plane-trees. nXotTotvwv. 
 
 Pldtdnus, the plane-tree. 
 IlXaTctvog. 
 
 Pldtea, a broad street or 
 court. IlXoLTsict. 
 
 Pldtessa, a fish like a sole. 
 Fr. 7r\uTu$. As being flat. 
 
 Plaudo, I make a loud noise 
 by beating or striking; I ap- 
 plaud by clapping with my 
 hands. From <pXaw, to strike ; 
 or from a verb QXuuoo, <pAau8>jv. 
 Compare ten Do, roDo, mor- 
 Deo. % Or from nXctTvylty, I 
 strike the water with an oar ; 
 whence, I make a noise gene- 
 rally by striking. So irXuraysui 
 is to beat and to clap. From 
 fut. 2* nXoiTvyidw, cutting off T 
 and r, we have KXctvidw, nXuvSco. 
 ^T Or, suppose a word wAaxua- 
 %oo, in the sense of nXtxTvyifa. 
 Then from fut. 2. vXcitvo&u), we 
 have TrXuvotivo, 7rAauSw. Some- 
 what as Plautus from UA«tu«j- 
 to£. Or from %Xa.T\Jct(ilu), (same 
 as 7rXaTvu%co,) we have plausdo, 
 plaudo. ^[ Al. from perlaudo, 
 whence pellaudo, plaudo. Here 
 the noise of clapping with the 
 hands is the original meaning, 
 and then follows that arising 
 from anything else. But the 
 conjugations are different. 
 
 Plausibilis, worthy of or re- 
 ceiving applause, pleasing. Fr. 
 plaudo, plausum. 
 
 Plaustrum, a. heavy waggon. 
 Fr. plausum, as from Claudo,, 
 
PLA- 
 
 PLO 
 
 S47 
 
 Clausum, is Claustrum. Plaudo 
 is to make a noise in any man- 
 ner. Ovid : " Plaudit crepi- 
 tante ciconia rostro." Virgil 
 has "stridentia plaustra." 
 
 Plautus, having broad flap- 
 ping ears. Fr. ttXcitucotos, contr. 
 
 Plebes, Plebs, the common 
 people. Fr. 7tXyjSo§, Mo\. 7rA>]<po£, 
 (as ovQap, iEol. ov ( Petg,) whence 
 plebis, as otp<Pw } am Bo ; ov<Pap, 
 uBer. 
 
 Plebs : See Plebes. 
 
 Plecto, I strike, beat. Fr. 
 , 7re7rKr l KTcn pp. of tAjjo-ctw. 
 Hence a verb 7tXy}ktooo, ttA>j?ct«3. 
 
 Plecto, I twist, twine. Fr. 
 7rs7rX=}trcn pp. of 7rksxco. 
 
 Plectrum, a quill for striking 
 the harp. I7A>j?cTpov. 
 
 Pleiades, the Pleiades. IZAsj- 
 otfeg. 
 
 Plenus, full. For pleus fr. 
 nkso$. So Xslog, leis, leNis. ^f 
 Or fr. pleo, to fill. ^[ Ai. from 
 nkrigYjC, or Tripos, (whence 7rA>j- 
 §oco,) as perhaps doNum from 
 fiobPov. 
 
 Pleo, I fill. JIA<^. 
 
 Pleonasmus, pleonasm. UAso- 
 vacrju,o£. 
 
 Plerique, most, the greater 
 part. Plerumque, for the most 
 part. Plerique omnes, is ex- 
 plained by Scaliger: Vel ple- 
 rique vel omnes. As " Sex 
 septem " is Vel sex vel septem. 
 Our Almost is, Or All or 
 Most. Plerique is fr. plerus 
 from irhrjpos, full, crowded, al- 
 lied to which is 7rA*jdo$, a multi- 
 tude. Pacuvius : " Plera pars 
 pessumdata est." Que added, 
 
 as in Uterque, Quisque, Abs- 
 que. 
 
 Plerus : See Plerique. 
 
 Pleunsis, the pleurisy. Fr. 
 nXsvgu, the side. 
 
 Pleuriiis, a pleurisy. 1 Ilkev- 
 pmg. 
 
 Plexus, woven. Fr. plecto. 
 
 Plico, 1 fold. Fr. 7rAlxa>, as 
 liber for lEber. f if ttAjWo- 
 \lm is from a word vXico, itXlaw, 
 to fold ; from pf. ireTrXixu we 
 may have ttA/xw. 
 
 Plinthus, a brick. nxlvQo$. 
 Also, a piece of land in its 
 form. 
 
 Plodo, for plaudo, as Cauda, 
 Coda. 
 
 Ploro, I weep. It properly 
 refers to excessive weeping. 
 Seneca: " Nee sicci sint oculi, 
 amisso amico; nee fluant. La- 
 crymandum est, non ploran- 
 dum" It seems to come from 
 tyXvagico, tyXvoipcb, transp. <£A«y- 
 pw, whence phloro, (as cAUdex 
 becomes cOdex,) for softness 
 ploro. It is true that tyXudigos 
 and (pAuapsco are used of in- 
 dulging in an overflow of idle 
 talking; but they were capable 
 of being particularly applied to 
 indulgence in an overflow of 
 tears. For (pXuoo is to gush 
 forth and to overflow, and me- 
 taphorically was applied to any- 
 
 1 " Pleuritides apud Vitruv. sunt in, 
 hydraulicis organis regular inter tabulam 
 et canona interposita;, et ad eundem mo- 
 dum foratas quo tabula, et oleo subacta?, 
 &c. AnAevpa: quia sunt parvae quae- 
 dam costae per canonera etsub tabula por- 
 rectae." F. 
 
348 
 
 PLO- 
 
 PLU 
 
 thing overflowing or excessive. 
 See Fleo. 1 
 
 Plostellum, a little waggon. 
 For plaustellum. 
 
 Ploxemum, Ploximum, a 
 kind of chest. Festns explains 
 it " capsa in cisio." Fr. nXogt- 
 pbv, formed from ne-xXo^ai pp. 
 of nXixw ; as being wattled. A 
 twig-basket. 
 
 Phut, it rains. Fr. /3Au«j or 
 <pXvco, to spring or gush out. 
 % Al. from %Xvoo, whence 7rXvvw, 
 to wash. 
 
 Pllima, a small or soft fea- 
 ther. Plumed were the scales 
 on corslets, being like feather- 
 work. Fr. tttIXov, a downy 
 feather ; whence 7rnAoa>, 1-miXui- 
 [jlui, and 7TTl\oofj.c< > whence tttXvo- 
 [i,ct, for softness TtXwpci, whence 
 pluma, as from <pflg is fUr. a 
 
 Plumbeus nummus, money 
 (e plumbo) of lead, i. e. of no 
 value. 
 
 Plumbum, lead ; a leaden 
 ball or pipe. For palumbum 
 fr. palumbes. As being dove- 
 colored, ^f Or shall we have 
 recourse to the transforming 
 alembic ? From pohifag, transp. 
 Xotu(2o$, Xo[a@o$, whence /3Ao'ju,- 
 (3og, (as puxog, fipocxog ; pmnsg, 
 fawns;,) then blumbus, for soft- 
 ness plumbus. Or fr. (AoXiffiog, 
 transp. fiXoptiog, fiXopZog, for 
 softness fiXopfiog, blumbus, plum- 
 bus. ^] Wachter notices the 
 Welsh and Armoric plwm? 
 
 1 Al. from irAripSo), irXrjpca. Al. from 
 o\o(pvpofxai, 'ho(pvpu/Aai, <pAovpoy.cu. 
 
 2 Haigh : " Fr. <p\vfj.^, fr. (p\va, to 
 trifle." 
 
 " Iluigh : (l Fr. -xeAAwfjia, blue:;ess 
 
 Pluralis numerus, the plural 
 number. Fr. plus, pluris. As 
 containing (plura qu&m unum) 
 more than one. 
 
 Plurimus, very many, most. 
 Fr. pluris. 
 
 Plus, pluris, more. P lures 
 are the dead, as being more 
 than the living. So the Greeks 
 use %oXXo) and irXslovsg. Pluris 
 is for plunis, fr. -rtXsvvog, iEol. 
 of irXeovog, gen. of nXiaiV, more. 
 So fciNog, diRus. % Or plus is 
 from itXzvvog, contr. nXsug, as 
 from Modus is Mos. % Al. 
 from noXvg, contr. nXvg. But 
 phis is more than ttoXvg,* 
 
 Pluteus, a shed, shelter, gal- 
 lery, covering besiegers on their 
 approach to a town. The word 
 is applied to other things, and 
 the proper meaning of it Dacier 
 thinks to be a plank or tablet. 
 Having observed that Festus ex- 
 plains plutei (inter alia) " ta- 
 bula omnes quibus aliquid 
 praesepitur," he adds : " Et ha?c 
 forsan prima notio. Nempe a 
 TrAaf, tabula." Rather, from 
 nXaTvg, broad or flat, gen. 7rXa- 
 reog, iEol. mXorzog. Vossius : 
 " The iEolians said QpOvioog for 
 QpA<reoi>c, fipOUug for fipAUoog, 
 &c." Then we have ploteus and 
 pluteus, as nUmidae iromvOpafieg, 
 nUmerus for nOmerus, hUme- 
 rus for hOmerus. Forcellini 
 gives the following senses of 
 pluteus, connected with Tabula : 
 " Sponda lecti interior quae ta- 
 
 wanness." Hence Trhuixa, pluma, (See 
 Pluma,) then plumbum, like Superbum. 
 
 4 Al. from TrAeW, irXws, full ; whence 
 plus, as <pClp, fUr. 
 
PLU 
 
 POL 
 
 349 
 
 bula claudebatur. Lecti tri- 
 cliniaris tabula qua ejus pars 
 exterior et a mensa. remota mu- 
 niebatur. Tabula affixa parieti, 
 et repositorium librorum, sta- 
 tuarum, &e." Pluteus is also a 
 balustrade, u septum quo inter- 
 columnium claudi et sepiri solet." 
 5f Al. from itKoltIov, Dor. for 
 7rA>j<r/ov, near. As the pluteus 
 was used in approaching towns. 
 But A in kXutiov is long. And. 
 the general sense of pluteus is 
 against it. 
 
 Pluto, Pluto. IIXovtcov. 
 
 Plutus, Plutus. IlXovTog. 
 
 Pluvia, rain. Fr. pluo, as 
 Alluo, Alluvies. 
 
 Pocilldtor, a cup-bearer. Fr. 
 pocillum, fr. poculum. 
 
 Poculentus, fit to drink. For 
 poticulentus fr. potus, somewhat 
 as Meticulosus from Metus. ^f 
 Al. from poculum, a draught. 
 
 Poculum, a cup. Vox pot a- 
 culum fr. poto? 
 
 Podagra, gout in the feet. 
 noddy pa. 
 
 Poderes, a garment which 
 came down to the feet. Fr. 
 Troops?, descending to the feet. 
 
 Podex, the fundament. Fr. 
 pedo. Ex quo pedimus. So 
 pEndo, pOndus. 
 
 Podium, a balcony. Also, a 
 place which projected over the 
 wall which surrounded the arena, 
 where the Consuls, Praetors, &c. 
 sat. Also, any elevated place. 
 Fr. Tiouq, 7rodo$, whence ttoS/ov. 
 Because it projects as a foot 
 
 1 Y Pocal, (Germ.) vas potorium. Lat. 
 poculum. Grajc. infer. fSavitakiov. A 
 bauca, vas ventrosum, et hoc a bauch, 
 venter." W. 
 
 does from the body. The reader 
 may remember the expression 
 of Euripides : y A<ncoo tov 7rpou- 
 yovxa. Xvq-xi no§u. 
 
 Poema, a poem. /lotVj^ta. 
 
 Poena, 2l compensation, pu- 
 nishment. Reward. Pain. IIqivyj. 
 Poena, the Furies, flowed. 
 
 Pccnitentia, regret, repent- 
 ance. Fr. pcenitet or poeniteo, 
 fr. pamitens, entis. 
 
 Pcenitet, it causes me pain, 
 torture, trouble, vexation, dis- 
 pleasure, it makes me to sorrow 
 and to regret, it repents me. 
 Fr. poena. " Interdum poena 
 est labor, molestia," says For- 
 cellini. And vowy) is explained 
 by Donnegan (inter alia) " pain, 
 torture." Or pcenitet may refer 
 properly to that after concern 
 and pain which acts as a re- 
 tribution and punishment for 
 offences. 
 
 Pcenitet. Piautus : '* Duas 
 dabo, una si parum est. Et, si 
 duarum pcenitet, addentur duae." 
 That is, if it causes you dissa- 
 tisfaction and displeasure, if you 
 are not satisfied or pleased with. 
 Pozna is here deprived of its 
 retributive meaning, and con- 
 veys the simple idea of " labor, 
 molestia," mentioned above. 
 
 Pomus, a Carthaginian. For 
 Phocnus from <Po1vi%. 
 
 Poesis, poesy. Uo/^trjj. 
 
 Poeta, a poet. Hoojr^. 
 
 Pol, by Pollux.^ Per Pol- 
 luce m. Perpol is also used. 
 
 Polenta, coarse food made of 
 toasted barley-meal. Fr. 7r«- 
 Xvvoa, to sprinkle with meal or 
 Hour, or to sprinkle flour with 
 anything; whence (from pp. 
 
350 
 
 POL- 
 
 POL 
 
 TtsTtdXuvrai) 7rct\vvTog, TretXvvTr\, 
 iEol. ttoXvvty), as the iEolians 
 said fipOUois for (3pA$=a)c, and 
 the Latins dOmo from dApio. 
 " Polenta a 7rctKvvcu. Id est, 
 farina conspersa. Quae con- 
 spersio aqua fiebat." V. 
 
 Polimenta : See Appendix. 
 
 Polio, I furbish, polish, make 
 clean and neat, scour, harrow. 
 Fr. TtcXiow, noXico, 1 make gray, 
 white. Donuegan : «< JJoKiog, 
 hoary, gray, white." ^f AI. 
 from 7toXscjo, I turn round. From 
 the turning of the turner's 
 wheel. 1 
 
 Poliorcetes, a besieger of 
 cities. no\iopxYiTr,$. 
 
 Politia, form of government. 
 Z7oA»Te/a. 
 
 Politicus, pertaining to civil 
 government. II0X1TLK05. 
 
 Politus, furbished, refined ; 
 refined in manners. Fr. polio. 
 
 Pollen, Pol/is, the dust which 
 flies about in a mill ; fine flour ; 
 the small dust of anything. u Fr. 
 pello. Because it is easily 
 wafted." Tt. As pO nd us from 
 pEndo, pOdex from pEdo. 
 5T Or for pallen fr. ttuWco, to 
 shake about. So pOrrum for 
 pArrum, cOrdis for cArdis. 
 % Al. for polen,polis from 7raArj, 
 same as pollen. So 8 A/aw, 
 dOmo. See Polenta. L is per- 
 haps doubled thus in Tollo, 
 Mille, Palleo, Pullus. 
 
 1 Al. from trSkios gen. of tt6\is, a city. 
 Politus being tl polished," like Urbanus 
 from Urbis, 'Aareios from "Acrrv. But 
 this sense flows from that of furbishing 
 and embellishing. % Al. from (pa\bs, 
 white ; whence phoiio, as SAfxu, dOmo ; 
 and polio, as *otvj|, Poenus. 
 
 Polleo, I prevail much, am of 
 much avail, am of much power 
 or force. Fr. noWos, much. 
 
 Pollex, the thumb ; the great 
 toe. Properly, pollex digitus, 
 which Caesar joins. Fr. polleo. 
 Being of great efficacy, as com- 
 pared with the other fingers. 
 The Greek uvTiyjip, a thumb, 
 is generally explained tf manus 
 altera." 
 
 Polliceor, I offer, engage, 
 promise. Fr. liceor, I offer a 
 price. Hence, I offer to do 
 a thing, hold it out, and (like 
 Promitto from Pro and Mitto) 
 I engage, promise. Polliceor 
 is for porliceor fr. porro, as in 
 Porrigo, I stretch out. That 
 is, I hold out my hand and offer 
 a price. As Lucretius uses 
 Porgo for Pergo. Others un- 
 derstand it as put for pelliceor 
 from per. 
 
 Pollicitor, I promise. Fr. 
 polliceor, pollicitum. 
 
 Pollinctor, the anointer of a 
 corpse with perfumes, preparer 
 of it for burial. The sense is 
 extended to one who, having 
 prepared a body for burial, 
 carries it out to be buried. Fr. 
 pollingo, pnllinctum. 
 
 Pollingo, 1 anoint a corpse 
 with perfumes, prepare it for 
 burial. Fr. lino or linio, whence 
 linico, as Fodio, Fodico ; Velio, 
 Vellico. Pollingo, (See Polli- 
 ceor,) is from porro and linico, 
 Unco. That is, I put a body 
 out and anoint it. Or, if Polli- 
 ceor is for Pelliceor from Per 
 and Liceor, then pollingo may 
 be for pellhtgo for per Unco, 
 pelUncOy pellingo. ^f Al. for 
 
POL- 
 
 POM 
 
 351 
 
 polligo, (N added as in Frango, 
 Lingo,) from ligo. That is, 
 corpus ligo et involvo vestibus. 
 
 Polluceo, I offer in sacrifice 
 to the Gods. " Quod in eo 
 sacrificii genere lumina admo- 
 dum lucerent ; sen quod splen- 
 dor epulis pelluceret." V. Or 
 from porro, to a distance, and 
 luceo. But luceo is here rather 
 used in an active sense, I make 
 to shine. 
 
 Pollucibilis coena, a costly 
 supper. Fr. polluceo, to pre- 
 pare for and sacrifice to the 
 Gods a costly banquet. See 
 Polluctum. 
 
 Polluctum, a costly banquet 
 as was usual in the sacrifices to 
 the Gods. Fr. polluceo, pol- 
 luctum. It was also what, re- 
 mained of the sacrifice and was 
 given to the people. 
 
 Polluctum, good cheer. See 
 Pollucibilis. 
 
 Polluctus, entertained with 
 good cheer. Hence, in a jo- 
 cose use, soundly drubbed. Fr. 
 polluceo. Also, common, ex- 
 posed to all. Plautus : te Non 
 ego sum pollucta pago." For, 
 what was left of the sacrifices, was 
 communicated to the people, 
 " commune factum est." Or 
 this sense follows from that 
 of consecrated to the Gods. 
 Hence, consecrated and devoted 
 to the service of any one. Also, 
 imbued. Arnobius : " Hoccine 
 de Diis quisquam vel exigua 
 dixerit eorum opinione polluc- 
 tus V That is, communicata 
 praeditus. 
 
 Polluo, I defile, taint, pol- 
 lute. Torpoluo (r.^oXvoo, whence 
 
 $o\uvcti, I defile. As Pcenus 
 from ^o7i/jf. H Or from luo, 
 I dissolve, rot, putrify, whence 
 lues. Then polluo is for pelluo 
 for perluo. See Polliceor, Pol- 
 lingo. 1 
 
 Pollux, Pollux. From IIoXv- 
 fcuxris, whence IloXfovxs, Poldux, 
 Pollux. See Collis. 
 
 Polus, a pole on which the 
 heavens turn ; the pole-star. 
 Also, the heavens. TLoKog. 
 
 Poly . All words, begin- 
 ning thus, are from the Greeks. 
 As Polyhymnia, 
 
 Polypus, a polypus, a sea- 
 animal. And a disease in the 
 nose. IlQ\v7rovs. Also, a grip- 
 ing fellow. Pliny says of the 
 polypus fish : " Adhajret flr- 
 missim£ petris, nee avelli inde 
 potest." 
 
 Pomarium, an orchard. Fr. 
 pomum, 
 
 Pomeridies, the afternoon. 
 Fr. post meridiem. 
 
 Pomozrium, Pomerium, a 
 space on the inside and outside 
 of the Malls of a city left free 
 from building. Fr. post ma- 
 rum i. e. murum. 
 
 Pomona, the Goddess of 
 fruits. Fr. pomum. So Annus, 
 Annona. 
 
 Pompa, a solemn procession ; 
 train, equipage ; pomp, show, 
 pageantry. TlQ^r). 
 
 Pompilus, the pilot fish. JIo/x.- 
 
 7T<A0£. 
 
 Pomum, any fruit, as an ap- 
 
 1 Al. from luo, I wash. But Vossius 
 justly remarks : " Qui polluit, non sor- 
 dida abluit, sed munda inquinat." 
 
352 
 
 POM- 
 
 PON 
 
 pie, pear, plum, peach, cherry, 
 grape, olive, nut. A fruit-tree. 1 
 Fr. 7rwju,a, drink. Fruit being 
 in general more of the nature of 
 a liquid than of a solid. Scal- 
 iger says: " Quia sitim tolle- 
 rent eorum plurima, simulque 
 essent cibo et potui." ^f Or 
 from a word fic/i^u, food, formed 
 (as %aofj.ct from now, veiroofxoti,) 
 from fiow, PsficofLui, to hed. 
 From /So» are /3oVxco, /3o<n$, /3o- 
 Tuvr}. ^f Ai. from pomus, a 
 fruit-tree; and this from the 
 North. "Anglo-Sax. beam, 
 beom, Belg. boom. Germ, baum, 
 a tree. Helvig deduces these 
 from Hebr. bom, excelsus fuit, 
 eminuit. Martini from the 
 Germ, buuen, to build ; as we 
 build with wood." W. 
 
 Pomus, a fruit-tree. See 
 Pom urn. 
 
 Pondero, I weigh. Fr. pon- 
 dera, the weights of a balance. 
 
 Pondo, weight. Also, a 
 pound weight. " Quia \mc 
 ponderis quantitas notissima 
 omnium et usitatissima est." F. 
 From pendo, like Pondus. 
 
 Poridus, weight; anything 
 weighty. Fr. pendo, to weigh. 
 That which is weighed or 
 weigh't. As pOdex from pE- 
 do. So the Greek nenOpdcc 
 from 7rEg$co, Sec. 
 
 Pone, behind. Butler: "This 
 preposition, as well as Post 
 [from Positum, Postum], is 
 evidently derived from pono ; 
 and expresses the situation [or 
 position] of a thing behind or 
 
 1 Fuerunt et poma colei seu testiculi 
 ob fonnam. 
 
 after another in point of place." 
 Compare Sin£ and Sino. See 
 however Posterus as to Post. 
 
 PonOy I lay, set, place ; set 
 up, erect, build ; 1 lay down, 
 for depono ; 1 lay aside ; I lay 
 a wager ; I put out to usury ; 
 I put down to the account of, 
 as "Quod consolation» loco 
 pono." Hence, J consider, re- 
 pute. I set down in writing, 
 write of, state, describe. I lay 
 down for a truth, assert. 1 put 
 a case, suppose. Fr. fioweco, 
 fiovvw, same as fiovvityj, I heap 
 up, pile. iEol. fioovw, as Movaa, 
 JEolic Maura. Hence bono, 
 pono. As properly said of 
 heaping up stones, and laying 
 them one above another for 
 building. But this meaning 
 appears hardly simple enough, 
 as that of merely laying or 
 placing is more agreeable to 
 the uses of pono. ^f The same 
 reason militates against a deri- 
 vation from the Hebr. baunauh, 
 he built, ^f Suppose then that 
 pono is for poo, as leNis for 
 leis. For the N in pono is lost 
 in posui. And suppose that 
 poo is from xooo, (as Koo$ and ]loo$ 
 are interchanged,) whence are 
 /CWj^a, xcofjLV}, Kvopos, and nolo), 
 xoityj, xoipaco. Koco z is the same 
 as xeco, I place, whence xeioo, 
 xsipui, which Donnegan trans- 
 lates " to be laid or placed." 
 
 Pons, a bridge. Soft for 
 pors fr. Trogog, a bridge, as it is 
 
 2 These verbs /ce'w, k6u), /cola), are es- 
 tablisbed by Valckenaer as quoted by 
 Scheide on Lenncp ad v. koi//.k«. 
 
PON- 
 
 POP 
 
 353 
 
 used by Herodotus 4. 136. 
 Hesychius : JJopo^ yetpupct. ^f 
 Or contracted from pendens, 
 pendentis ; as Fons, Fontis, from 
 Fundens, Fundentis. E might 
 be changed to O, as in pOndus 
 and pOndo. So in pOdex. 
 
 Pontifex, a high priest. Var- 
 ro : "A ponte etfacere. Nam 
 ab iis sublicius est f actus pri- 
 mum et restitutus [dixerim, re- 
 fectus] saepe, qu6d eo sacra et 
 uls et cis Tiberim non mediocri 
 ritu fiant." So Dionysius: 
 Ovtoi l<p evb$ rcov epywv o npax- 
 tovviv, s7ri(ntsvc£ZQVTe$ tyjv fjuAj'v>}V 
 yeQvpav, IIovtIQixss npOQ-ayoqzv- 
 ovtch. This bridge was held so 
 sacred, that, if it fell to decay, 
 the Pontifex could not repair it 
 without sacrifices. Pontifex, 
 as JEdifex, Aurifex. 
 
 Pontifzcium, the power, of- 
 fice, and authority of a Ponti- 
 fex in sacred matters. Hence, 
 any power, office, authority. 
 
 Ponto, a floating bridge used in 
 transporting cavalry. Fr. pontis. 
 
 Pontus, the sea. The Fuxine 
 sea. IldvT0$. 
 
 Popa, a priest who slew the 
 victims. Fr. 0ur>j£, Mo\. <Poty}$, 
 (as Qyjg, iEolic tyg,) and p&n}.; 
 (as Pavo for Tavo, sPatium for 
 sTatium): hence phopa, (as y.ThY), 
 mOla; <$Tgu, fOres,) and popa, 
 as Pcenus from 3>on/if . Scheide : 
 " Fr. 7re7T07ra pf. mid. of 7reVra>. 
 That is, coctor carnium." But 
 the popa was the slayer, not the 
 cook of the sacrifices. "Popa 
 venter" in Persius Scheide simi- 
 larly explains, "venter qui cibos 
 concoquit." But thus For- 
 cellini : " Venter gulosus, deli- 
 Ett/m. 
 
 catissimis epulis saginatus, ut 
 popce solebant victimarum car- 
 nibus expleri ; vel qui tot paene 
 credit pecudes ad mensam in- 
 struendam, quot popa sacrorum 
 causa. 
 
 Popanum, a round wide cake. 
 
 TlOTtOLVOV. 
 
 Poplna, a cook's shop, eating- 
 house. Fr. 7rE7t07roi (nonet) pf. 
 mid. of TilnTQ), to cook, % Al. 
 from popa. As thither men 
 resorted, led by the "popa ven- 
 ter." Or as the victuals there 
 rivalled those prepared by the 
 popa. See Popa. 
 
 Popino, a frequenter of ta- 
 verns, glutton. Vr.popina. 
 
 Poples, the ham of the knee. 
 For postplices, poplices. " Quia 
 post genu plicetur ac curvetur." 
 F. Or poples is soft for poplex, 
 like Supplex. 
 
 Poplicus, public. For popu- 
 licus. 
 
 Poppysma, a smacking of the 
 lips as in kissing, a caressing, 
 made as a token of applause. 
 noWiKTjU-a. 
 
 Popularia, the place where 
 the (populus) common folk sat at 
 the games. 
 
 Popularis, belonging to a 
 people ; born among a people ; 
 one of the same country, city, 
 or even party ; one who courts 
 or is admired by the people. 
 Fr. populus. 
 
 Populnus, of a poplar tree. 
 For populinus. 
 
 Populo, for depopulo, I waste 
 (populum) a people or country, 
 lay waste. Wachter otherwise : 
 " Perdo manu militari et immis- 
 so populo. " 
 
 2 Y 
 
354 
 
 POP- 
 
 POR 
 
 Populonia, some Goddess. 
 i( Ex Seneca colligis non esse 
 Junonem, et videri dictam non 
 a populo tuendo, sed a popu- 
 lando, aut certe mali aliquid 
 nomine continere : ait enim mi- 
 rum non esse quod ei petitor 
 defuerit." F. 
 
 Populus, anciently popolus, a 
 people, common people, mul- 
 titude. Fr. ttoXvc, many ; re- 
 dupl. no7ro\vs. As T/AAco, Titillo. 
 % « Pobel, pofel, Germ. Pobl 
 Welsh. Populus Lat. A people, 
 multitude. A Celtic word. From 
 the British pob, omnis." W. 
 
 Populus, a poplar. As 
 nctis, nuis, became Trolg, irm$, 
 whence voip and puer; so ncti- 
 t:u\<x> (fut. of 7ra{77aAAco, to shake, 
 vibrate,) could become 7roj7raAw, 
 whence popalus, then populus, 
 as xpui7rA\r), crapUla. 
 
 Por, a servant. As Marci- 
 por, Ca'ipor. Fr. nctis, iEol. 
 7ro~ig, 7rolg, as arboS, arboR. 
 
 Porca, a sow pig. Fr. por- 
 ous, as Leo, Lea. 
 
 Porca, to uMoloy yvvaiKSiov, ut 
 Gr. ^olpov. 
 
 Porca, a ridge. For porga 
 fr. porgo, to lay along, stretch 
 out, in longum extendo. ^f 
 Germ, furch is a furrow. 
 
 Porcellio, a millipede insect 
 called a sow. So the Latin 
 word is from porcellus. 
 
 Porceo, I keep off, drive 
 away. For porro arceo, I drive 
 off at a distance. 
 
 Porcilaca, purslain. Fr. por- 
 ous, as xoipofioTuvov from y(o~ipo$» 
 JNicomedes latrosophista : Xoi- 
 pofioTcivov, kvlpoi'/y^. ' 'Av'dgu^vY] 
 is purslain. 
 
 Porculus, a little {porous) pig. 
 Also, an implement belonging 
 to the oil-press which held the 
 rope which wouud round the 
 sucula or windle. See the note 
 on Sucula. 
 
 Porous, a hog, pig. Fr. n6px.o;, 
 which is used by Lycophron. 
 " Germ, bork, bar oh, barg." W. 
 Pork Engl. 
 
 Porgo, I stretch out. For 
 porrigo. Also, I go on. For 
 pergo. Like Verto, Vorto. Or 
 here porgo is porro ago (me). 
 
 Porphyrites, porphyry. TIop- 
 
 <pvpi7Yl$. 
 
 Porrectus, stretched out. Fr. 
 porrego, porregtum. See Por- 
 rigo. 
 
 Porricio, I cast or stretch 
 forward, offer, &c. From por- 
 rojacio, I cast to a distance; 
 whence porrojicio, porricio, as 
 Amjacio, Amjicio, Amicio. 
 
 Porrigo, scurf or scales in 
 the head, dandruff. " Fr. por- 
 rigo. From its spreading about." 
 Tt. Or from its stretching out 
 wide. But I is short in the 
 verb porrigo, says Vossius. 
 True : but, as from lmpeto is 
 Impetigo, so from porrigo is 
 porrigigo, contr. porrigo. ^f 
 Al. from porrum. " Ut por- 
 ru?n in tunicas involucra, ita 
 cutis velut in squamas resolvi- 
 tur." V. 
 
 Porrigo, I stretch out. Fr. 
 porrorego, porrorigo, as Porri- 
 cio. Rego is opsyoo, 1 stretch out. 
 
 Porro, forwards, right on, to 
 a distance, far off. At a time 
 in advance, in future, hereafter. 
 Also for, porro age, come on ! 
 help help ! Jloppw. 
 
POR 
 
 POR 
 
 355 
 
 Porrum, a leek, scallion. Fr. 
 Trgacrov, transp. koiquov, iruppov, 
 (as npocoo, itoqcvi, noppco,) whence 
 parrum and porrum, as perhaps 
 Pollen for Pallet], Domo for 
 Damo, Actptb. Vossius ob- 
 serves that the iEolians said 
 (TTpOTog for (TTpAros, f}pO$ioo$ for 
 figAdeoos, &c. 
 
 Porta, a gate, door, outlet, 
 narrow pass, defile. Fr. Trsnog- 
 roLi pp. of irelpce, to penetrate 
 through, whence (from pf. mid. 
 irsTroQOL) is %6po$, a passage. 
 Compare Portio. % Al. from 
 porto. Because, when a founder 
 of a town marked out its pre- 
 cincts with a plough, he raised 
 and carried the plough at the 
 place where he meant that the 
 entrance should be. Or simply, 
 because through it things are 
 carried. 
 
 Portendo, I foreshow, beto- 
 ken, presage. That is, (tendo) 
 I hold out or show what will 
 happen (porro) hereafter. Plau- 
 tus : i( Malum quod in quiete 
 tibi portentum est." 
 
 Portentum, an omen, prodi- 
 gy. Fr. portendo. See Os- 
 tentum. 
 
 Porthmeus, a ferryman. IIopO- 
 
 Porticus : See Appendix. 
 
 Portio, a portion, part ; a 
 proportion. As Partis is from 
 nelpco, 7rs7rugTui, so portio is 
 from Trs/pco, TrsVo^ra*. See Pars. 1 
 
 Portisculus, 
 
 Portitor, a porter. Fr. porto, 
 
 1 Al. for partio, from partitio or froi 
 partis or from iriirapTcu. 
 
 somewhat as Musso, Mussito. 
 Also, a ferryman. Qmportat navi. 
 ButForcellini explains it : " Qui 
 ex uno in alium portum navi 
 transducit." Also, one who 
 watches (port us) the harbours 
 and exacts the customs, a cus- 
 tom-house officer. Vossius says: 
 " Dicere liceat etiam a portan- 
 do : quia pro mercibus expor- 
 taridis non in portu solum, sed 
 etiam in pontis transitu solva- 
 tur." Or port us (from porto) 
 is any place whatever where 
 goods are imported and ex ported, 
 and portitor is one who has the 
 care of it. 
 
 Porto, I bear, carry. Fr. 
 ne^opToti pp. of <pspoo, I carry. 
 Hence phorto, and porto, as 
 ^oTvif, Pcenus. ^[ Al. from 
 qoqros, a load ; whence QoprocQ, 
 (pogTco, I carry a load. 
 
 Portorium, toll paid for 
 goods imported or exported, 
 customs, &c. For portitorium 
 fr. portitor, oris. Al. from 
 portus or porto. See Portitor. 
 
 Portunus, the God (por- 
 tuum) of harbours, or ( porta- 
 rum) of gates. Neptune or 
 Janus. 
 
 Portus, a harbour. Fr. por- 
 to. That is, a place of import 
 and export for goods, or for 
 carrying ships into. Also, a 
 place where customs for goods 
 imported or exported are paid. 
 This also seems to be fromporto. 
 Or, if this latter sense is derived 
 from that of a harbour, then the 
 meaning seems to have gone 
 farther and extended to bridges, 
 &c. It is also said to mean 
 a house, as in Angiportus. But 
 
356 
 
 POS- 
 
 POS 
 
 Dacier says : " Portus antiquis 
 viam significabat." If then 
 portus in angiportus is properly 
 a way or pass, not a house, it 
 will come from nslpcu, irs-rropTai, 
 to pass ; or from <pepca, neQog- 
 rai, to carry, as o'/p) from o'lco, 
 ottroo, olpou. 
 
 Posca, wine mixed with vi- 
 negar. " Fr. noto, to drink : 
 as from Edo is Esca," says 
 Forcellini. And Plautus has, 
 " Alii poscam potitant." But 
 Esca is from Esum. How 
 shall we account for S in posca 
 from 7row ? From Troa-tg, drink ; 
 whence posica, posca, as Esum, 
 Esica, Esca. So Manus, Ma- 
 nicus, Mancus. 
 
 Posco, I call for, call upon, 
 invoke, ask, supplicate, demand. 
 As from aaco is caxa-xca, so from 
 /3o«a;, (L call out,) would be 
 /3oa<rx«;, contr. fioocrxw, as from 
 /3oao-Tgeco is by contraction /3so<r- 
 rpsoo. From fiw(nc<jo then is bosco, 
 posco. 
 
 Positus, 2l mode of placing 
 or disposing. Fr. pono, posui. 
 See Pono. 
 
 Possessiva nomina, posses- 
 sive nouns, as showing by whom 
 a thing is possessed, as Meus 
 liber. Fr. possideo, possessu?n. 
 
 Possibilis, possible. Fr. 
 possum,, as Tango, Tangibilis. 
 
 Possideo, I possess, am mas- 
 ter of. For potissedeo, as Pos- 
 sum for Potissum. Potissedeo 
 is from polls and sedeo i. e. in 
 aliquo loco, 1 sit down in a 
 dwelling and have power over 
 it. Dacier : " Ita alicubi 
 sedeo ut loci pos i. e. potens 
 sim." Or simply, potis sum 
 
 seder e in aliquo loco. Si- 
 lius : " Quando terrasque fre- 
 tumque Emensis sedisse dabis ?" 
 Ovid : " Hac profugos posuis- 
 tis sede Penates." Vossius : 
 <( So the Belgians say Besitten 
 [i. e. to sit] for to possess; 
 which is nothing else than e in 
 re quapiam sedem habere/ ,: 
 Or, in loco quopiam. Micah : 
 " They shall sit every man 
 under his vine and under his 
 fig-tree, and none shall make 
 them afraid/' 1 
 
 Possido, same as possideo ; 
 and from sido as possideo from 
 sedeo. 
 
 Possum, I am able. For 
 potissum, i. e. potis sum, I am 
 able. So potis-es becomes po- 
 tes ; potis-est, potest; potis-su- 
 mus, possumus ; potis-estis, pot- 
 estis ; potis-sunt, possunt. So 
 potis-eram, poteram ; potis-ero, 
 potero; potis-fui, potui ; &c. 
 Virgil : " At non Evandrum 
 potis est vis ulla tenere." 
 
 Post, after. See Posterus 
 and Pon£. 
 
 Posted, afterwards. That is, 
 post ea negotia. Or post nego- 
 tia facta ea tempestate. 
 
 Posterior, properly, more late 
 in time or order. Fr. posterus. 
 
 Posteritas, posterity. Fr. pos- 
 terus. 
 
 1 Hill : " It comes from pro and sedeo: 
 and suggests the possessor as sitting be- 
 fore his property with a view to secure 
 it." That is, prosideo, porsideo, possi- 
 deo. 1[ " Or fr. porro sedeo. So as to 
 mark the perpetuity of the occupation."' 
 V. Porro would thus mean " in porro," 
 in futurum. Sedeo et occupo nunc et oc- 
 cupabo olitn. 
 
POS 
 
 POS 
 
 357 
 
 Posterula, a back door. Fr. 
 posterus. 
 
 Posterus, coming after. Pos- 
 teri, descendants as coming after. 
 Fr. o\[/oVgpo£, later; i.e. oir<ro- 
 Tspo;, transp. o7ro(TTsgog, whence 
 posterus, as Ramus, Dentes, for 
 Oramus, Odentes. ^f Or from 
 post, if post is not shortened 
 from posterus, as Citra from the 
 adjective Citer, &c. See Pone\ 
 
 Posthabeo, I (habeo)ho\d one 
 thing in estimation (post) after 
 another, I undervalue in com- 
 parison. 
 
 Posthac, after this. For post 
 negotia facta hac tempestate. ^f 
 A\. for posthac. Or for posthanc. 
 See Quapropter. 
 
 Posthumus : See Postumus. 
 
 Postlca, Postlcum, the back 
 part of a house. A back door. 
 The fundament. Fr. posticus. 
 
 Posticus, which is behind. 
 Fr. post. As Amo, Amicus. 
 Compare Anticus. 
 
 Postidea, after that. For post 
 id factum ea tempestate. ^f 
 Some suppose it put for posted, 
 as formed on the model of An- 
 tidea, though it cannot be traced 
 to post ea, as Antidea may be 
 traced to ante ea. 
 
 Posiilcna, a horse's crupper 
 which reaches from the saddle 
 to the tail or hinder part of a 
 horse. Fr. post, as Cantus, 
 Cantilena. u Lorum e clitella 
 sub caud& et posterioribus ju- 
 menti coxis alligatum, ne sarcina 
 in anteriorem partem decidat." 
 F. 
 
 Postis, a door-post. Hence, 
 a door, gate. Fr. positus,postus 
 from pono, to place, erect. 
 
 u Lapis erectus ab utroque la- 
 tere portae." F. If Al. from 
 post. " Proprie in janua dicun- 
 tur antes et postes: antes 
 ante, postes post stant." V. 
 " Quod post ostia stat." Ainsw. 
 If The Sax. is post. 1 
 
 Postliminium, the return to 
 his own country, rights and 
 estates, of one who had gone to 
 sojourn elsewhere or had been 
 taken by the enemy. From 
 post and limen, liminis. Dictum 
 de eo qui post aliquod tempus 
 ad sua limina redit. Some un- 
 derstand limen here in the sense 
 of limes. Dacier : " Limina 
 sicut in domibus linem quen- 
 dam faciunt, sic et imperii tineni 
 limen esse Veteres voluerunt." 
 
 Postmodo, shortly. That is, 
 modb post hoc tempus. 
 
 Postquam, after that. See 
 Antequam. 
 
 Postremus, last. Fr. posterus, 
 posterrimus, transp. postreimus, 
 postremus. So Supremus. 
 
 Postridie, the day after. For 
 posteridie, i. e. poster o die. 
 
 Postverta Dea, the Goddess 
 of perverse births, where not the 
 head, but the feet come first into 
 the world. Quae vertit res ut 
 sint post quae ante esse debent. 
 
 Postulo, I ask, demand ; I 
 demand a writ from .a magis- 
 trate to prosecute ; hence, I ac- 
 cuse. Fr. posco, poscitum, pos- 
 tum, whence postulo, as Uro, 
 Ustum, Ustulo. 
 
 Postumus, last, late. For post- 
 
 1 Todd, ad voc. Scheide refers postis 
 to irciroffrai pp. of it6w i to press. 
 
358 
 
 POT- 
 
 PRiE 
 
 imus, as Intumus, Extumus, 
 Maxumus are Intimus,Extimus, 
 Maximus. Postimus for post- 
 errimus, as Inferrimus, Infimus. 
 Postumus was also one born 
 after his father's death. Some 
 write posthumus, i. e. natus post 
 patrem humatum. Forcellini : 
 " A person born after his father's 
 death was called postumus, be- 
 cause he was born (postumus) 
 the last of his father's children. 
 Among the lawyers postumus 
 was one born during the life- 
 time of his father after he had 
 made his will." But says 
 Scheller : " The last son is not 
 always born after his father's 
 death." True : but postumus 
 might have come to be used by 
 common consent in this sense. 
 Our word Breakfast is just as 
 applicable to dinner, but came 
 by common consent to be used 
 in the sense it bears. 
 
 Pote, for pote\ i. e. potest. 
 Or pote, with " est" understood, 
 is from stoti. See Potis. 
 
 Potens, being able, being 
 powerful, being powerful over, 
 master of. Fr. potis ens. See 
 Possum. 
 
 Potentia, power. Fr. potens, 
 entis. 
 
 Pottrium, a cup. IIoTrjpiov. 
 
 Potestas, power, ability ; do- 
 minion, authority, office. Fr. 
 potis, as Majus, Majestas. 
 
 Potiri, canst thou ? For po- 
 tisne es ? 
 
 Potior, I am master of, have 
 the power over. Fr. potis, able, 
 powerful, powerful over. fl"AI. 
 from -norica, i. e. 7rgoasi^, I come 
 to, assequor. 
 
 Potior, of more authority or 
 avail. " Potior dicitur is qui 
 jure aliquo, auctoritate, potentia, 
 gratia, aliave re prajstat et po- 
 tentior est." F. So Cicero : 
 " Plus pollet potiorque est 
 patre." Also, preferable, better, 
 i. e. superior, of more avail, 
 superior in importance, more 
 commanding or important. Fr. 
 potis. 
 
 Potis, able, possible. Fr. 
 nor), just by, near, at hand, 
 within our reach and power. 
 
 Potissimum, principally, chief- 
 ly. Said of things of greatest 
 consequence. See the second 
 Potior. 
 
 Potitii: See Pinarii. 
 
 Potius, rather. Cicero: "Cato 
 magnus homo, vel potius sum- 
 mus vir." That is, quod potius 
 vel pra?stantius est. See Po- 
 tior. 
 
 Poto, I drink. Fr. ttooj, ttw- 
 coo, pp. nkittoToii. So from7re7r«;/xai 
 is eWco/jta, a cup. Or at once 
 from jooo, whence supine potum; 
 thence poto, potus, potor. So 
 perhaps Loo, Lotum. 
 
 Potor, 2l drinker. See Poto. 
 
 Potus, having drunk a good 
 deal. See Poto. 
 
 Potus, a drinking, draught. 
 See Poto. Also, urine. That 
 is, potus humani excrementum, 
 as Pliny explains it. So " hu- 
 man» dapes" are the same as 
 "merda." 
 
 Potus : See Appendix. 
 
 Pre, before. Butler : "Pro- 
 bably from wpb, which may have 
 been turned into ngu), as ano 
 and vno are sometimes read 
 ana.) and v?ra(." ^f Or from >na- 
 
PRiE- 
 
 VRM 
 
 359 
 
 pu), the poetic form of vuga. 
 UapoL, which means properly 
 " by the side of," has often 
 much the same meaning as wpo, 
 Herodotus : ^Hyev napoi Kcipfiv- 
 <rs(x : led him by the side of or be- 
 fore Cambyses. In Pindar, Pyth. 
 3, 108,yvo'vTaT0 7rag7ro8o£, Damm 
 in his Lexicon translates it " an- 
 te pedes." Again : pro, is, in 
 comparison of. Cicero : " II- 
 los veros Atticos pro, se paene 
 agrestes putat." This sense of 
 Kc*.qaL is notorious. Again : pro, 
 in compounds is often used for 
 prater, which comes from pro, 
 and suits well with wapa, which 
 indeed is the very preposition 
 by which Forcellini explains 
 prater. Perhaps pro, will come 
 from 7rpou for wpo in some cases, 
 from Ttuqcii for napa in others. 
 
 Prcebeo, I show, exhibit ; I 
 offer, give, supply. For pra- 
 habeo, I hold out before another. 
 Prahibeo is often used by 
 Plautus. 
 
 Prabita, drum> an allowance. 
 Fr. prabeo, prabitum» 
 
 Prcecedo, I go before ; I 
 surpass. Fr. cedo, 1 go. 
 
 Pracello, I excel. See Ex- 
 cello. 
 
 Praceps,pracipitis, headlong. 
 From pra and caput, capitis. 
 With the head foremost. In 
 Greek irpo^apr^vog. 
 
 Praceptum, a command, in- 
 struction. Fr. pracipio 
 
 Pracia. Fes t us : " Pracias 
 dicebant qui a Flaminibus prae- 
 mittebantur ut denuntiarent opi- 
 iicibus, manus abstinerent ab 
 opere : ne, si vidisset sacerdos 
 facientem opus, sacra pollue- 
 
 rentur." From pra, and cio, to 
 rouse, excite. Or cio is to call 
 out to. 
 
 Praadaneus, going before, 
 preceding. For pracedaneus 
 from prcecedo. Thus Ferise 
 pracidanea, holiday eves which 
 preceded the solemn festivals. 
 So Porca pracidanea, which 
 Scaliger compares to 7rpOTe\sitx, 
 sacrifices preliminary to a mar- 
 riage. But in this sense others 
 refer it to pracido i. e. pracado. 
 Gellius : " Pracidanea hostise 
 dicuutur quae ante sacrificia so- 
 lemnia pridie c&duntur." And 
 perhaps at the Ferive pracidanea 
 sacrifices were made ; and these 
 likewise may be referred to pra- 
 cido. For pracido for pracedo 
 seems uncommon. 
 
 Pracipio, I suggest, advise, 
 instruct, command. That is, 
 (capio) I take a thing and throw 
 it (pra) before a person. Some- 
 what as the Greeks say 7rpo/3aA.- 
 Aco, HpoTiflijjxi, U7ro/3aAAo>. Prce- 
 cipio is also the same as Anti- 
 cipo, I take a thing into my 
 mind before it happens, I fore- 
 see. 
 
 Prcecipitium, a precipice. As 
 hurrying down (prcecipitem) 
 headlong. 
 
 Prcecip\to, I throw (pr&cipi- 
 tem) headlong. Also, I press 
 on, urge. 
 
 Prcecipuus, particular, spe^ 
 cial ; principal, chief. Fr. prce- 
 capio. That which is taken and 
 selected in preference to others. 
 
 Precise, briefly. Fr. prceci- 
 do,pr<zcisum. Pracido, I cut 
 off from the forepart ; hence, I 
 cut off generally. 
 
360 
 
 PRfli- 
 
 ■PR/E 
 
 Prceclarus, very clear, &c. 
 Clarus prce aliis. 
 
 Prceco, a public crier. For 
 prcecio, prcecionis, from prcecio, 
 to rouse before hand. So Pa- 
 rens for Pariens. % Or for 
 prcedico, orris, from prcedico. 
 Plautus : " Ubi prceco prcedi- 
 cat." % Al. for prcecino. 
 
 Prceconium, the office or 
 voice (prcecoJiis) of the common 
 crier ; a proclaiming ; hence, a 
 celebration, praising, renown. 
 
 Prcccordia, the diaphragm. 
 Pliny : " Exta homini ab in- 
 feriore viscerum parte separantur 
 membrana, quae prcecordia ap- 
 pellant, quia cordi prcetenditur." 
 Turton : " Because it separates 
 the heart as if by a curtain from 
 the intestines.'* Vossius : " Im- 
 mo et ita appeliantur partes 
 laterales prcecordiis subjectae, 
 Gr. U7rop£ov$gia." 
 
 Prcccox, prcecocis, ripe be- 
 fore the usual time, premature. 
 Fr. prcecoxi fr. prczcoquo, pro- 
 perly used of things baked or 
 matured by the sun before the 
 time. Or prcccox is fr. prccco- 
 quus, which is also used. Prce- 
 coquus, prcecoqs, prcccox, as 
 Quum, Cum. 
 
 Prceda, a prey, booty. Fr. 
 pario, whence parka, pra'ita, 
 prceta, prceda. Cicero has * ' prce- 
 da improbe parta." ^f Haigh : 
 " For prceddta bestia ; i. e. 
 which is laid in one's way." 
 
 Prcedico, I publish, pro- 
 claim. From dico, I tell ; prcr, 
 before others. See Abdico. 
 % Al. from Ssxco, I show. See 
 lndico. 
 
 Prccdttus, endued or gifted 
 
 with. For prcedatm. That is, 
 datus, donatus, aliqu& re pro. 
 aliis. Unless prcz has reference 
 to the previous endowments of 
 nature, which are dependent on 
 no labor or exercise of man. 
 
 Prczdium, a farm, estate, pos- 
 session. From press, prczdis. 
 That is, any real property which 
 we can make into a good secu- 
 rity, or which may serve to give 
 us a title to credit. Tacitus : 
 " Facta mutuandi copia sine 
 usuris per triennium, si debitor 
 populo in duplum prcediis cavis- 
 set." Forcellini : " A prces, 
 prccdis. Ut proprie sit, bonum 
 quo quispiam alteri se obligat, 
 et pro re aliqua eidem cavet, 
 pignori id opponendo." 1 % Al. 
 from prceda. As the ancients 
 
 1 Vossius : " Bonum, quo quis, velut 
 prcede, potest se obligare. Aliud prce- 
 dia, aliud bona prcedia. Asconius : 
 • Bona prcedia dicuntur boua satisdationi- 
 bus obnoxia, sive sint in mancipiis sive in 
 pecunia numerata : prcedia vero domus, 
 agri.' Sed haec res minime impedit quo 
 minus origo eadem sit. Sane prcedia 
 quoque, qua vox ea signat domus et 
 agros, a prcedibus dicta esse, abunde 
 fidem facit turn quod apud Ciceronem 
 legere est ' prcede s vendere,' i. e. bona 
 prcedia addicere auctioni, (ut Budasus 
 interpretatur) ; turn quod, a quibus prce- 
 des non exigerentur, prcedio se tanquam 
 prcedibus obstriugerent, contra quara alii 
 solent qui creditoribus male credulis et 
 prcedio et prcedibus cavebant. Hinc sane 
 vetus formula : ' Prcediis prcedibusque 
 cavere.' Cicero : ' In bonis prcedibus 
 prcediisque vendendis.' Livius de Can- 
 nensibus captivis : ' Alii dandam ex aera- 
 rio mutuam pecuniam, prcediis prcedibus- 
 que cavendum populo censerent.' In- 
 scriptio vetus : * Lex parieti faciendo, in 
 area qua? est ante jEdem Serapi trans 
 viam qui redement prcedes dz.to prcediaqve 
 subsignato, Duumvirtim arbitratu.' " 
 
PRIE- 
 
 VRM 
 
 )6\ 
 
 considered as a booty the terri- 
 tory they acquired in war. 
 
 Prado, a plunderer. Pra- 
 dor, I plunder. Fr. prada. 
 
 Prcefatio, a preface. Fr. for, 
 fat us. 
 
 Prcrfectura, the office of a 
 project us. 
 
 Prafectus, one set over, a 
 superintendant, director, prefect. 
 Fr. praficio, I make a person to 
 be over others. 
 
 Prceftro, I prefer. I carry 
 or hold in my mind one thing 
 above another. 
 
 Prcefxca, a woman hired to 
 lament at funerals. Fr. pr&- 
 ficio. As set over the mourners 
 to direct their mourning. 
 
 Pnsfiscine, Prcefischii, give 
 me leave to say, let me say, 
 without any bad effects result- 
 ing. Used when one person 
 praised another. Sit prater 
 fascinum. Titinnius : " Paula 
 mea, ad laudem addito Prcefis- 
 cini, ne pueMafascinetur" 
 
 PrcefocO) I choke. For prce- 
 jauco, as Caudex, Codex. Prce- 
 cludo fauces. 
 
 Prcefractus, rigid, severe, ob- 
 stinate. Said properly of stones 
 very much broken, craggy, &c. 
 So Prccruptus. 
 
 Prtegnans, big, - pregnant. 
 From gm, (whence gnatus and 
 gnascor), from yevvaw, yevvw, 
 yvw. Said of a female before 
 she brings forth. 
 
 Prcejudicium, the judging of 
 a case beforehand to the detri- 
 ment of the case ; detriment, 
 harm. 
 
 Prcdabor, i glide (prcete?') 
 by. 
 
 Etym. 
 
 Prceliganeum vinum, wine 
 made from grapes before the 
 vintage. From pralego. The 
 grapes being gathered before the 
 time. 
 
 PrcBlium: See Prcelium. 
 
 Premium, any profit or ad- 
 vantage derived from anything ; 
 prey, booty ; prize, reward ; 
 money or property derived in any 
 way. For pr&bium from prcz- 
 heo. % Or for praemium from 
 pr&, and emo, to take. Properly 
 a prize ; that which one person 
 takes or receives in preference 
 to others. Cicero : " Pramia 
 proposita sunt virtutibus, sup- 
 plicia vitiis." % Al. for prce- 
 dimium from pr&da and emo, to 
 take. As properly a booty. 1 
 
 Pranum, 
 
 Prcepedio, 1 obstruct. That 
 is, I go (prce pedibus) before 
 another's feet, and block up his 
 way. 
 
 Prapes, etis, swift in flying, 
 nimble. Hence used for a bird 
 or fowl. Qui petit loca pr& 
 aliis, one who makes for places 
 quicker than others. See Per- 
 pes. Some explain it as an au- 
 gural word of a bird which seeks 
 the regions above, and opposed 
 to an inauspicious bird which 
 seeks the regions below in its 
 flight, % Al. from wJto?, whence 
 ffgTO/xa*, to fly. % Al. from tts- 
 tw, to fall ; whence vpoireTvjs, 
 headlong. Ennius has t{ prce- 
 
 1 Al. from (SpaBeiov, a prize of combat ; 
 transp. /3paij8eoi/, brcebium,prcebium, pra- 
 mium. f Haigh : " Fr. irpiwfia, (7rpwi- 
 pa,) a segment, a purchase." 
 
 2 Z 
 
362 
 
 PRiE- 
 
 VRM 
 
 pete portu," and * prtepete men- 
 to." 
 
 Prapilatus, blunt at the point. 
 " In obtusum desinens et instar 
 pilce, rotundus ne lasdat." F. 
 
 Prcupositio, a preposition. 
 Fr. propositus. As generally 
 set before its case. 
 
 Praposterus, having that last 
 which ought to be first, or vice 
 versa. Fr. pr& and posterns. 
 
 Pr&putium. Pro prapotium, 
 a potus, penis. Penis anterior 
 pars. Vide Potus. Aut a prcz 
 et TroVfoj, penis. Unde w©0% 
 tfotty}, a quo derivant potus. 
 ^[ Aut a praputo. Ob Judae- 
 orum circumcisionem. Oblo- 
 quitur Vossius : " Prceputium 
 vocarunt Romani, antequarn de 
 Judaica circumcisione scirent," 
 At nescio quis usus sit nisi Ju- 
 venalem, qui ipse de Judaeis in 
 Sat. xiv. 99 hoc verbo utitur. 
 At U debet esse brevis ? Per- 
 sona tamen habet O longam a 
 Persono. 
 
 Prarogativus. The Tribe 
 or Century was called praroga- 
 tiva, which (rogata est) was 
 asked its opinion first, or which 
 voted first. Hence pr&rogati- 
 va was a peculiar privilege 
 granted to one person in pre- 
 ference to or before others. 
 Also, a word or deed on the 
 part of one who intends to do 
 us good, significative that he will 
 do us this good. Because the 
 vote of the Tribus Prarogativa 
 was generally the vote of all the 
 rest, and therefore presignified 
 it. Hence any favorable sign 
 or omen. 
 
 Pras, pradis, a surety, bail 
 
 For prcestis, whence prcests, 
 pros, somewhat as Praeses is 
 for Praesides, and from Modus, 
 Mods, is Mos. " Quia, altero 
 non stante pacto, cogatur prce- 
 stare alienam culpam." V. See 
 Pra?sto. Or because he stands 
 as it were before another, and 
 protects and covers him. So 
 Antistes. Pras, prcedis, as 
 Haeres, Haeredis. In such cases 
 the D may be inserted as in 
 Prodeo for Proeo. Praeis, Hae- 
 reis ; Praedis, Haeredis. 1 
 
 Prascribo, I bring an ex- 
 ception or objection against an 
 action in law. That is, I write 
 down something (pro) in the 
 way of it. 
 
 PreEsens, present. For prce,- 
 ens, as otherwise D is added for 
 euphony. Or S is added on 
 the model of Absens. 
 
 Prasentia, presence ; presence 
 of mind. Fr. prcesens, prcdsentis. 
 
 Prasepes, PrcEsepe, a stall, 
 manger, crib, bee-hive. From 
 prasepio, to put anything be- 
 fore something else so as to 
 fence it. 
 
 Prcesertim, especially. Fr. 
 prcBsertus fr. pr&sero. As Ex- 
 ero and Prosero are to put or 
 thrust out, or to draw out, so 
 prcesero may be to put one 
 thing before another, to select. 
 Compare Excellens, Excelsus. 
 
 1 Scaliger reads in Festus: " Press, 
 qui a magistrate interrogates in publicum 
 an prasest, dicit press :" and suppose» 
 that prces was put for prces-sum. As 
 perhaps prcesens is prces-ens. So Au- 
 sonius has : rf Spondere qui nos, noxa 
 quia prcesest, vetat." 
 
VllM- 
 
 PRJE 
 
 363 
 
 <fl Or it is from sero, to join ; 
 and said, when many things are 
 joined together in a row, of 
 such as stand before the rest. 
 Quando ex rebus plurimis und 
 consertis unam pre aliis sumas. 
 *' Quando quid serie est ante 
 alia," says Vossius. Or, as 
 Desero is to forsake, abandon, 
 so sero may be to adhere to, cling 
 to. Then pr&sertim is said of 
 things to which we attach our- 
 selves beyond all others. 
 
 Pr&ses, presidis, one who 
 presides. Fr. presedeo, 1 sit 
 before another. 
 
 Presidium, a guard, garri- 
 son, defence. From prcesedeo. 
 As sitting before a place. Pre- 
 sidium is also a station or post 
 before which a garrison sits. 
 
 Prcesignis, illustrious. Fr. 
 signum, a mark. One who is 
 remarkable above others. 
 
 Prestantia, excellence. Fr. 
 prestans, antis. 
 
 Prestega, a kind of porch. 
 Fr. o-Tsyri, a roof. 
 
 Prcestes, prestitis, a presi- 
 dent, guardian. From sto, ste- 
 ti. Qui stat prce aliis. 
 
 Prestigie, jugglers' tricks, 
 sleight of hand. Soft for pre- 
 strigie. As Fragilis from Fra- 
 go, Frango, so prestrigie is 
 from prestrigo, prestringo. 
 As dazzling the eyes by their 
 rapidity. " Quod oculorum 
 aciem prestringunt ." F. 
 
 Prestino, I buy. Properly, 
 I buy up before others. Apu- 
 leius : i( Emtor is, mnuo presti- 
 nandi studio, praeconem rogat 
 cujatis essem." See Destine 
 
 Presto, at hand. Fr. pre- 
 
 sto, I stand before one ready. 
 Or, we will say, for prestito, 
 fr. presto, prestitus, like Op- 
 tato, Sortito. 
 
 Presto, I stand before, sto 
 pre. 1 am superior to. Also, 
 
 I make a thing to stand before 
 another, show, exhibit, prove, 
 offer, give. Also, I do, per- 
 form, that is, 1 show or exhibit 
 before a person. Cicero : " Per- 
 ferto et ultima expectato, qua 1 
 tibi et jucunda et honesta pre- 
 stabo" So in the preface of 
 Herodotus rdBotp^agoKyi cbroSs^- 
 SevTa is, the things displayed 
 or performed by the Barbarians. 
 So, 1 perform, keep to, make 
 good, abide by. Cicero : 
 " Quamcumque ei fidem de- 
 deris, *ego prestabo." So, I 
 maintain, preserve. Cicero : 
 " Prestat tibi memoriam be- 
 nevolentiamque quam debet." 
 Also, I stand to it, 1 affirm, 
 maintain. Cicero : " Praedones 
 nullos fore, quis prestare po- 
 terat?" Or presto is presto 
 fidem, 1 give my word. Hence 
 J warrant, answer for. Cicero : 
 " Impetus populi prestare nemo 
 potest/' Forcellini explains it, 
 " in se recipere moderatos futu- 
 ros." Or we may explain it, 
 
 II Impetus populi [non fore], 
 prestare nemo potest." So, I 
 warrant the conduct of a person, 
 I stand to it that a person shall 
 act in such a manner. Cicero : 
 " Quem ego prestare non po- 
 tui : erat enim rex perpauper." 
 Hence " presto alicui damnum, 
 noxam" is to warrant a person 
 that he shall not suffer loss or 
 harm, to be responsible for him, 
 
364 
 
 PR/E pr;e 
 
 to take on myself for him the 
 hurt or harm if any happen. 
 That is, prasto [non fore] alicui 
 damnum. Perhaps prasto is 
 here, prasto firiem. That is, 
 prasto meam fidem alicui, non 
 fore sibi damnum. 
 
 Prtestolor, I wait for, expect. 
 Fr. prasto, at hand. I am at 
 hand and ready to receive a per- 
 son. % Or perhaps fr. gtoA^, 
 equipment. 
 
 Prastringo oculos, I dazzle. 
 iC For, when the sun's rays, for 
 instance, strike the eye, they 
 keep them tight and close them/' 
 F. Prastringo aciem ferri, 
 is to blunt or dull the edge of 
 iron. This phrase Forcellini 
 thinks is taken from the for- 
 mer. 
 
 Prasul, prasulis, the chief of 
 the Salii or priests of Mars, who 
 used to caper through the city. 
 Qui salit pro, aliis, who dances 
 at the head of the others. 
 Hence prasul is in general one 
 who is at the head of or presides 
 over others. 
 
 Prasum, I am (pra) at the 
 head of others. 
 
 Prasumo, I presume. That 
 is, (sumo) I take to myself (pra- 
 ter jus) beyond my deserts. 
 Also, I dare too much, i. e., I take 
 on me to do what is beyond me. 
 Also, 1 conjecture, imagine, 
 believe will be. That is, I take 
 into my mind a thing (pra) be- 
 fore it happens. 
 
 Pratetulo, I stretch or lay 
 out before another, show, allege, 
 allege as an excuse. 
 
 Prater, before, close by, be- 
 side, along, past ; beyond, con- 
 
 trary to ; beside, except ; be- 
 sides, over. Fr. pra, as Subter 
 from Sub. See Prae. 
 
 Preeterea, besides. Prater 
 ea. 
 
 Prateritus, passed by. Fr. 
 pratereo. 
 
 Prcetermitto, I send, cast, 
 put aside ; I neglect. Also, I 
 forgive, cast aside from my 
 mind. 
 
 Prcetexo, I cloke, disguise, 
 allege as an excuse. That is, 
 I weave, contrive excuses for. 
 Or from the notion of weav- 
 ing things on garments, and so 
 disguising what is underneath. 
 
 Prcetexta, a white toga (pra- 
 texta) woven in front or bor- 
 dered with purple. It was 
 worn by boys of family till they 
 were 15 or 17, and is put for 
 boyhood. Also a kind of play 
 in which magistrates and persons 
 of dignity, who used the pra- 
 texta, were introduced. 
 
 PratextuSy a disguise, pre- 
 tence, excuse. Fr. pratexo. 
 
 Prator, a chief commander, 
 magistrate, officer. For prce- 
 itor fr. praeo, prasitum. 
 
 Prcetorium, the tent of the 
 general in a camp. Fr. prator 9 
 the commander of an army. 
 Also, a palace or magnificent 
 villa in the country. " Perhaps, 
 because it was as much superior 
 to the neighbouring huts and 
 cottages, as the praetorian tent 
 was to the other tents." F. Or 
 because these palaces were 
 usually the residence of magis- 
 trates and chief officers. For 
 prcetor (for pr&itoi) was used in 
 a very wide sense. 
 
PR7E- 
 
 PRE 
 
 365 
 
 Pr&tura, the office (prte- 
 loris) of a praetor. So Quaes- 
 tura. 
 
 Prcevar-icor, I am very crook- 
 ed in my legs, 1 go crookedly 
 or irregularly ; I deal crookedly 
 in my conduct, play fast and 
 loose, betray the cause of my 
 client while by neglect or col- 
 lusion I assist his opponent. Fr. 
 varus. 
 
 Prcevins, going before. Qui 
 prceeundo viam monstrat. 
 
 Pragmdticus, relating to bu- 
 siness, or to state affairs ; skilful 
 in managing the business of the 
 law, a practitioner in the law. 
 IJgstypciTixQs. 
 
 Prandium, a repast which 
 was taken formerly in the morn- 
 insf, but afterwards at noon. 
 " Fr. 7rpctv, Doric of Trgco'l, in the 
 morning," says Vossius. But 
 npav is notion, but Trgwyv, lately, 
 whence Trp^v, wguv. Neither ngoiv 
 nor TTgwYiv seem ever used for, in 
 the morning. Prandium would 
 be better referred to Trgcti'iuv, 
 mattftinam : this being cut down 
 to 7rpuv. Then dium might be 
 formed from dies. Or rather it 
 would be a termination, as in 
 liso-foiov. % Or prandium is for 
 prendium (as Ardea for Er- 
 dea, mAgnus for mEgnus,) from 
 TTgoevSiav from 7rpo (tou) evBiov; so 
 as to mean a meal taken at any 
 time before noon. Or from a 
 word 7rapsvS*ov. ^f Some refer 
 prandium to prandeo, this to a 
 verb itcLQivfosM, 7ftxpev^ia>, (jrgavfiiu)) 
 from ev$io$, at noon. 
 
 Pransus, having dined. Fr. 
 prandeo, prandsum, pransum. 
 See Prandium. 
 
 Prdsmus, of a green color. 
 YIpa.<iivo$. 
 
 Pratum, a meadow. As 
 7rag8a>co£, wet, moist, seems to 
 come from irapl^v formed from 
 TreVa^Ta» pp. of Tre/pw, to pene- 
 trate, hence penetrate with wet, 
 (as Swrrco is from §600) ; so pra- 
 tum may be from irepuoo, tipcioi, 
 which is formed from itzpw fut. 
 of irslpco. From 7rp«a>, pp. %e- 
 n-pdraj, might be pratum, which 
 would be so called from its 
 general moisture. Propertius : 
 -' Et circumriguo surgebant 
 lilia prato." Thus Trpaog, mild, 
 gentle, is probably from 7repao>, 
 negate», irpotico. Qui facile pene- 
 trari potest. As opposed to one 
 who is impenetrable and unkind. 
 ^f Haigh : " From weparbv, nga- 
 tov, passable, open." ^f.Al. from 
 ngoLTivov, Dor. of ^pacjyov, of a 
 green color. 
 
 Pravus, crooked, distorted; 
 untoward, perverse ; going 
 wrong, bad, depraved. For 
 prabus from Trupaifiuo}, (7rpuifiaa), 
 ngafiaco,) to transgress. But 
 7ra£«i/3«co will rather mean here, 
 to go {-Kuqu) contrary to what 
 one should. 1 
 
 Prtcarius, precarious. Fr. 
 preces. Obtained by petition, 
 and therefore dependent on ano- 
 ther's will and pleasure. 
 PrecicE vites, — 
 
 1 Vossius: "Pravus fr. -wpaos, mild, 
 tame. It will be said that such men 
 should be- rather called good than 
 bad. True : but we must take into the 
 account the age in which all virtue con- 
 sisted in .courage,, and meekness was 
 condemned." The original meaning of 
 pravus opposes this derivation. 
 
566 
 
 PRE 
 
 PRI 
 
 Precor, I pray, beseech. From 
 /3pe^o/xat, I arn bedewed i. e. 
 with tears. So precor agrees 
 with Imploro. ^f Al. from a 
 verb fl-ageup£Oju,a», whence Ttqe^o- 
 put, precor. 51 O r was ngoex°- 
 p,ui used for holding up one's 
 hands before the Gods or be- 
 fore another in supplication ? 
 Hence vgsxopai, precor. Some- 
 what as Procer from IIpoB^g. 
 Or, as e^opou was used of laying 
 hold of a person's limbs or gar- 
 ments in supplication, (as 6%o/xai 
 yovarcav, X s 9°$> ^t^wv), was %po- 
 BXOfuu used in this sense F ^f 
 u From Hebrew BRK, whence 
 BRKH,, (brecah,) precatio, 
 benedictio." V. And elsewhere : 
 u They derive precor from Hebr. 
 BRK, to fall on one's knees/' 1 
 
 Prehendo, I lay hold of, seize. 
 From prce aud hando. Hando 
 
 from xp&™> f llt * ^" °f X*&> I 
 receive, hold, contain. Hence 
 chando, (as N is added in Tan- 
 go, Pango,) and hando. Or at 
 once from %«vSco, whence x uv ~ 
 Saveo. % Ah from hendo. Tooke : 
 " From Anglo-Sax. hentan." 
 So Goth, henda, to lay hold of. 
 Fairfax : " With that the ser- 
 vants hent the young man stout." 
 Allied is our hand. 
 
 Prehenso, I take hold of so 
 as to solicit one's vote, 1 can- 
 vass. Fr. prehendo, prehensum. 
 
 Prelum, an oil-press, vine- 
 press. For premulum h\ premo. 
 
 1 Al. from "irpoiKOfxai, I come before 
 another in supplication, whence irpoiKTris, 
 a beggar. But then it would be prCE- 
 cor. % Al. from irpottcbs, poor ; or irpotl-, 
 Trpo't'Kbs, a gift. H Al. for procor. 
 
 Premo, I press, squeeze, 8cc. 
 From pxpYipu, (fipYipct,) a weight. 
 Hence bremo, premo. E should 
 thus be long. But we have 
 fera from <pHgo$. 
 
 Prendo, tor prehendo, 
 
 Premo, for prehenso. 
 
 Presbyter, an elder, priest. 
 nge<rfiuTego$. 
 
 Presso, 1 squeeze. Fr. pre- 
 mo, premsum, pressum. 
 
 Prester, a fiery whirlwind. A 
 species of poisonous serpent. 
 
 IlpY}<rTY)g. 
 
 Pretiosus f costly, precious. 
 Qui est magni pretii. 
 
 Pretium, the price of any- 
 thing sold ; price, value; price 
 paid for wages or hire ; a reward ; 
 price paid for vicious actions, 
 punishment. Operas pretium 
 est, there is a price and reward 
 for one's pains, it is profitable. 
 Salmasius : " From 7rptxTiov, the 
 price paid (too %qa.Tr) to the sel- 
 ler." Vossius : " The iEolians 
 said xpErog for xgAros, IgExoov 
 for IpAxwv." We have pEssu- 
 lus from irA<rcrct\o$, lEvir i. e. 
 dEvir from Mr t p. ^f Haigh : 
 " From vgeiTsov, to be sold." 2 
 
 Prex, precis, prayer. Fr. 
 precor. 
 
 Pridpus, Priapus. npictnos. 
 
 Pridem, lately, awhile ago. 
 Pri is ft. iiplv, before, previ- 
 ously. See Prior. Dem is a 
 termination, as in Idem, Tan- 
 turidem. ^f Al. for prius- 
 dem. 
 
 Pridie, on the day before. 
 
 2 " Pretium is like Germ, wert, worth. 
 For R is easily transposed; and W and 
 P are commutable." W. 
 
PRI 
 
 mi 
 
 3fi7 
 
 Priori die» Or from pri, (as in 
 Pridem,) and die. 
 
 Primicerius, a prime minis- 
 ter or officer. " De ejus ety- 
 mologic varii varia; sed plures 
 et saniores ita dictum putant, qui 
 primus scriberetur in cera, h. e. 
 in tabul& ceratd seu catalogo 
 alicujus ordinis." F. 
 
 Primipilus, a centurion (pri- 
 mi pill) of the first rank. 
 
 Primttice, the first fruits of 
 anything. Fr. primus. As Stul- 
 tus, Stultitia. 
 
 Primitivus, the earliest. Fr. 
 primitils fr. primiim. 
 
 Primoplastus, first formed. 
 Fr. TrXacrroj, formed. 
 
 Primordia, the beginning. 
 Prima exordia. 
 
 Primotinus, ripening early. 
 Opposed to Serotinus. 
 
 Primus, the most first. Su- 
 perlative of the word of which 
 prior is the comparative. 
 
 Princeps, chief, foremost, 
 principal. A prince. For pri- 
 miceps, fr. prima capio. Hence 
 primceps, princeps. 
 
 Principatus, the chief place. 
 Fr. princeps, principis. 
 
 Principium, the beginning. 
 Fr. princeps, principis. 
 
 Prior, former, earlier, older, 
 former in rank. Fr. pr&, whence 
 prceior, prior, % Or fr. vgrjlcov, 
 former, whence preior, prior. 
 Hesychius: JJgYjiov, nporepov. % 
 Al. from 7rp)v, formerly ; whence 
 irpl. See Pridem. % Al. from 
 pris. See priscus. 1 
 
 Priscus, ancient, out of date 
 or use. From priils, contr. pris. 
 Scheide supposes that np)$ was 
 a nominative, whose accusative 
 was wpiv* See Pristinus. ^f Al. 
 from Trspvat, last year, formerly ; 
 whence a word 7repv<nxos, irpv- 
 <rxo$. 
 
 Pristinus, former, ancient, of 
 some time standing. Fr. pris, 
 as Cras, Crastinus. See Priscus. 
 
 Pristis, transp. pistris, and 
 pistrix, (as A'u.2, AjaX,) some 
 large fish. Also, a ship of war 
 of a long shape. Ify/ori?, tti- 
 (rrpig, 7rprj(rTi$, •7tp{<ny\$. z 
 
 Privatus, private, one's own, 
 particular. Fr. privus. 
 
 Privignus, a step-son. " Pri- 
 vignus dictus, quod ante qudm 
 mater secundo nuberet, est pro- 
 genitus." F. For priignus, from 
 prius, whence priignus, some- 
 what as from Aper, Apri, is 
 Aprugnus ; from Abies is Abi- 
 egnus. The Greeks said kqq- 
 yovos. ^f Or for privigenus. Fr. 
 privus, single ; or prive, singly, 
 " seorsim." Where a person is 
 born not of both the father and 
 the mother existing, but of only 
 one of them. So the Greeks 
 said cLp$o$ from ap<p), seor- 
 sim. 
 
 Privilegium, a law inflicting 
 an extraordinary punishment, 
 or conferring an extraordinary 
 favor or privilege on an indivi- 
 dual. Fr. lex, legis, and pri- 
 vus. 
 
 Privo, I deprive, take away. 
 
 1 Jamieson mentions the Iceland, fyr, 2 Donnegan gives a Greek deriva- 
 
 (whence our First) prius j which trans- tion in nplaris and nlarpis, Vossius in 
 posed is fry. Pristes. 
 
36S 
 
 PR I- 
 
 PRO 
 
 Fr. vploa, (as oig, oVis,) I cut or 
 divide by sawing ; I cut away. 
 If Al. from privus. Privum 
 facio, I make mv own individual 
 property. 
 
 Privus, individual, each, par- 
 ticular, one's own. Fr. privo. 
 Cut off from others, by oneself. 
 Somewhat as extx<rro§ is from 
 lxa$. ^f Al. from nptoo, to cut 
 off. Scaliger : " Quia in fa- 
 milia herciscunda, qua? ante 
 communia erant haeredum, haec 
 SECANTUR in portiones, ut 
 quaeque priva et propria fiat." 
 
 Pro, before, in front of : for, 
 instead of, in defence of ; for, 
 equivalently to, according to, in 
 comparison of. Livy : " Castra 
 metatus latius quam pro copiis." 
 IJgd. 
 
 Pro, in compounds, at a dis- 
 tance. For porro. ^ Al. for 
 procul. 
 
 Pro, Proh, o ! For per o ! 
 per oh ! Cicero : " Proh Deum 
 atque hominum fidem." That is, 
 " Per, oh! Deum," &c. Then 
 proh came to be used generally 
 for oh. Proh Jupiter, &c. Pro- 
 perly, Per te, oh Jupiter. 
 
 Proagorus, a Sicilian high 
 magistrate, UpoYiyopo$. 
 
 Proavus, a great grandfather. 
 As going {pro) before a grand- 
 father. 
 
 Probabilis, probable, likely 
 to be truth. Fr. probo. Such 
 a supposition is worthy of being 
 approved of or is probable. 
 
 ProbZ. " Pereo probe," in 
 good honest truth, really, in 
 fact. Also, excellently ! good ! 
 very well done! For probus is 
 said of any thing which is good 
 
 in its kind. Proba merx, proba 
 clava, probum argentum. 
 
 Probttus, probity, &c. Fr. 
 probus. 
 
 Problema,. a problem. IIpo- 
 
 Probo, I approve, praise. 
 That is, I judge to be (probum) 
 good. " Meo judicio probum 
 esse judico." F. Also, I 
 show, prove. That is, probum 
 esse monstro. We say, To make 
 good. Also, I try or examine 
 whether a thing be (probum) 
 good. So loxipa^w is to judge 
 if a thing be (foxipov) appro- 
 vable. ^] Haigh : " Fr. (Sga- 
 /3=uj, he who awarded the prize 
 of victory. Hence probo is to 
 examine." As tiApco, dOmo. 
 If there was a word fipctfSeoo, as 
 well as /3p«/3e'j«, this would be 
 well, ^f Tooke : <l From An- 
 glo-Sax. projian." So Icel. 
 prof a is to try, prove ; and 
 Germ, prufen, which however 
 Wachter refers to probus or 
 probo. " Prufen" he says, 
 " examinare an probum sit." 
 
 Probole, a throwing out, &c. 
 
 Proboscis, the trunk of an 
 elephant, npofiocrxlg. 
 
 Probrum, a disgrace, disgrace- 
 ful action, rape, &c. ; disgrace- 
 ful language, abuse. " Pro 
 prohibrum. Quod prohibere a 
 nobis debemus," says Dacier. 
 Rather, Quod prohibent leges 
 et vetant. So that probrum an- 
 swers to Vetitum. Lucretius 
 has probeat for prohibeat : 
 " Nam sive est aliquid quod 
 probeat officiatque." Pro is 
 here long: but III may be 
 
VRO- 
 
 PRO 
 
 36g 
 
 wholly omitted. fl" Haigh : 
 " From 7r£S7rpoi/, for nspTtspw, 
 light, rash." 
 
 Probus, good, honest, up- 
 right, worthy, &c. For prohi- 
 bits fr. prohibeo. " Quia se a 
 delinquendo prohibet" says 
 Festus. ^f Al. from probo. Quern 
 probes. And, if Tooke is right 
 in referring probo to the North- 
 ern languages, this is a correct 
 derivation of probus. <([ Al. 
 from Tteirpovot pf. mid. of ixpkizoi, 
 whence npevov, eminence, dis- 
 tinction, merit, worth. Hence 
 propus, probus. % Al. from 
 •npctv^, iEol. Trpo-og, (as 7ra<£, 7raig, 
 JEo\. iroii), whence proVus, 
 pro Bus. But npcLv$ is meek, 
 mild ; a meaning too remote 
 from that of probus. 
 
 Procax, cacis, wanton, skit- 
 tish, frolicksome. Fr. proco, 
 I ask, woo. " De meretrice, 
 quas usque ingerit, Da mihi, 
 Affer mihi." F. ^ Or from 
 procus. ^f Or fr. 9rf>o£, npoxos, 
 a fawn. Like a fawn, ^f Or 
 from procio, i. e. provoco et la- 
 cesso. So Parens from Pario. 
 
 Procella, a storm. Fr. pro- 
 cello, to drive. A driving storm. 
 
 Procello, 1 drive forward, 
 strike, upset. See cello. 
 
 Proceres, the nobles, leading 
 men. From sing, procer, and 
 this from irpoexys, having the pre- 
 cedence ; iEol. 7rpos%Y}p, whence 
 npoxyp, procer. But from npo- 
 yyq should we not expect procu- 
 res? No more than Celeres 
 from xe?^£, xsXyP. 1 
 
 Procerus, long, tall. Fr. 
 vpoexys, jutting forward; iEol. 
 
 npoexhq, vpnxfy, as xi^X, 
 xeArjP, celer. 
 
 Procestrium : See Appendix. 
 
 Procirictus, Us. A soldier is 
 said to make his will " in pro- 
 cinctu" when he makes it being 
 at the time girt with his armour 
 and ready for battle. Pro is 
 before the time or before the 
 enemy. 
 
 Prodivis, said properly of a 
 (clivus) hill inclining forwards, 
 sloping, steep ; easy to descend ; 
 easy, in general. 
 
 Proco, Procor, I ask, beg, 
 woo. Fr. 7rgoi^oo i. e. x^P 01 ' I 
 hold up my hand before ano- 
 ther in petition. Hence irpo^m, 
 proco, as from npos^rjg, Ilpo-^p 
 is Procer, Proceres. ^f Or from 
 procio, I call to, as Occapio, 
 Occupo, as. If Al. from npoixoD, 
 7rpotxo[xca, whence -Kpolxr^, a 
 beggar. Hence Ttpoxw, v§6xo[ian, 
 proco, procor. 
 
 Procrastwo, I put off (ad 
 crastinum diem) till tomorrow. 
 
 Procul, far off. For pro 
 (i. e. porro) ab oculis. ^f Or 
 from procello, proculi, I drive 
 or send off* to a distance. 
 De iis quae lcngei & nobis 
 amandantur. So Facul from 
 Facio. 
 
 Procurator, one who (curat) 
 takes care of things (pro) for 
 another, an agent, manager. 
 
 Procuro, 1 manage things, 
 properly for another. " Ad- 
 ministro, praasertim rem ali- 
 
 1 A I. from progero. Qui gerit se pro From the metaphorical notion of setting 
 (i, e. prae) aliis. f Al. from ncpas. up one's horns on high. 
 
 Etym. 3 A 
 
370 
 
 PRO 
 
 PRO 
 
 ENAM. 
 
 See Procurator. 
 
 Also, I expiate, avert by sacri- 
 fices. " Curo et exequor ea 
 qua? ad expianda prodigia perti- 
 nent/' F. Perhaps pro is 
 porro : curo ut expellam porro 
 i. e. procul. Or pro is instead 
 of, as an equivalent for. Curo 
 piacula pro prodigiis, ut prodi- 
 gia compensentur piaculis. 
 
 Procus, a wooer, suitor. Fr. 
 proco. 
 
 Procyon, a star which rises 
 before the dog-star. IIpoxvcov. 
 
 Prodeo, 1 come forth, go out. 
 Soft for proeo, as Reeo, Redeo ; 
 Meulla, Medulla. 
 
 Prodigium, a prodigy, omen. 
 Fr. prodico, whence prodicium, 
 prodigium. Or fr. prodico, 
 like Przedico, Abdico. f Or 
 from prodigo. That which we 
 cast to a distance, ct7ro7rs[x,7rd[As(}a. 
 ^[Al.from 7Tgo&s/xa>,pramionstro. 
 
 Prodigo, 1 drive forth, to a 
 distance. Por prodago, proago, 
 as Proeo, Prodeo. Also, I 
 squander. That is, I cast forth 
 and dissipate. " Patrimonium 
 foras ago et perdo." F. 
 
 Prodigus, prodigal. Fr. pro- 
 digo. 
 
 Proditor, a betrayer. Fr. 
 prodo, proditum. One who 
 gives out, discovers, discloses 
 the secrets of another. 
 
 Prodo, I give out, produce, 
 disclose, discover, publish. Fr. 
 pro for porro, and do. Also, I 
 cast out, throw away, abandon. 
 
 Prodromus, a forerunner. 
 Ilp6Spo[jt,o$. 
 
 Produco, I lead or bring forth. 
 Pro for porro. 
 
 Productus, lengthened. That 
 
 is, led or brought out to a dis- 
 tance. Pro for porro. 
 
 Prozlium: See Appendix. 
 
 Profano, I profane. From 
 prof anus. 
 
 Prof anus, not initiated in the 
 sacred mysteries. Qui est pro- 
 cul kfanis. Virgil : " Procul 
 o procul este profani, Excla- 
 mat vates." Hence, impious. 
 Also, common, secular, not sa- 
 cred. So Profestus is procul 
 a festts, non festus. 
 
 Profectio, a going. See Pro- 
 ficiscor. 
 
 Profecto, indeed, assuredly. 
 For pro facto. As from Fac- 
 tum is AfYecto. We say, It is 
 so for a fact. 
 
 Profectus, an advancement 
 in anything, profit. Fr. proficio. 
 
 Profestus, not holy, not kept 
 holy. See Profanus. 
 
 Proficio, 1 make progress, 
 get on, succeed, profit. Facio 
 iter pro i. e. porro. 
 
 Proficiscor, I set out or on- 
 ward, go away. Fr. proficio, 
 whence the perfect profectus 
 sum. That is, facio iter pro 
 i. e. porro, as in Proficio. 
 
 Profiteor, I confess openly. 
 Fr. fateor. 
 
 Profiigo, I dash to the ground, 
 destroy, injure. Also, I throw 
 an enemy into complete dis- 
 order, that is, crush, overwhelm. 
 Also, I bring a thing almost to 
 its conclusion. That is, 1 nearly 
 dispatch it. Generally, what 1 
 bring to an end, I crush or de- 
 stroy. See Fligo. 
 
 Profugus, fleeing far. Qui 
 pro i. e. porro fugit. 
 
 Profundus, deep. Having its 
 
PRO- 
 
 PRO 
 
 371 
 
 (fundum) depth (pro i. e.porro) 
 at a great distance. 
 
 Profusio, extravagance. Quae 
 profundit divitias, casts them 
 forth and dissipates them. Fr. 
 prqfusus. 
 
 Progenies, an offspring. Fr. 
 progeno, or progeneo, progenui. 
 Pro, as in Prodo, Produco. 
 See Geno. 
 
 Prognostwum, a token. JJpo- 
 
 yVOOGTTtXOV. 
 
 Prograxe, to have bawled 
 out. For procraxe, procraxisse 
 fr. xgsc^oo, xga%a>, I bawl out. 
 But the reading is dubious. 
 
 Prohibeo, 1 keep off, hinder, 
 &c. Fr. habeo, I hold, and pro 
 i. e. porro or procul. 
 
 Prohinc, therefore. As Pro- 
 inde. 
 
 Projectura, a jutting out. Fr. 
 projicio, projectus. A casting 
 or putting forward. 
 
 Proin, for proinde. 
 
 Proinde, therefore. Fr. pro, 
 for porro, hereafter ; and inde, 
 on this account. Cicero : " Pro- 
 inde aut exeant aut quiescant." 
 Also, just so, equally. See Per- 
 inde. 
 
 Prolato, I defer. Fr. pro- 
 latum. That is, I carry for- 
 ward, put off to a distant time. 
 
 Prolecto, I allure. Fr. lacio, 
 lac? turn, lactum. I draw forth, 
 entice. 
 
 Proles, an offspring. Fr. 
 pro (as in Progenies) and oleo, 
 to grow. As springing forth 
 and growing. See Soboles. 
 
 Proletarius, one of the lowest 
 of the people. As being usually 
 not called to serve in war, and 
 so good for nothing else than to 
 produce (prolem) children. 
 
 Prolixus, long, tall, big ; long 
 in speech, prolix. From 
 pro and laxus. " In longi- 
 tudinem laxus, protentus." F. 
 From the notion of metals re- 
 laxing and extending themselves. 
 So from raa), tstyixx, to extend, 
 is Tvjxoo, to melt. Hence pro- 
 lixus is also bountiful, lavish of 
 presents. That is, loose and 
 unconfined in one's bounty. 
 Also, prosperous, " affluens." 
 
 Prblogus, a prologue. I7po- 
 Aoyof. 
 
 Prolubium, whim, humor, 
 inclination. Vv.lubet. Where 
 the will puts itself forth. Or 
 pro is according to. 
 
 Prolusio, a florish, prelude. 
 Fr. ludo, lusum. Where we 
 play merely, before we come to 
 something serious. 
 
 Proluvies, a flood ; flux. See 
 Alluvies. 
 
 Promineo, I hang over. See 
 Mineo. 
 
 Promiscuus, mingled without 
 order or distinction. Fr. mis- 
 ceo. 
 
 Promissum, a promise. See 
 promitto. 
 
 Promissus, suffered to grow 
 to a great length. Pro is porro, 
 to a distance ; missus the same 
 as prcetermissus. 
 
 Promitto, I send or cast 
 (pro) to a distance. I suffer to 
 grow to a great length. See 
 Promissus. Also, I promise, 
 engage, vow. That is, I put 
 forward, hold out, hold forth a 
 promise. So npoTslvco is to pro- 
 mise. 
 
 Promo, I take out, bring 
 forth, produce, show. Fr. pro 
 i. e. porro, and emo, I take. 
 
S7C 
 
 PRO 
 
 PRO 
 
 Prbmontdrium, a promontory, 
 high land jutting into the sea. 
 Fr. promineo, whence promini- 
 torium, promintorium, promon- 
 torium. So sOntis for slntis. 
 Or for promuntorium, as recU- 
 pero for reclpero. ^f Al. quia 
 est pro monte, loco month. 
 
 Promoius, advanced. Moved 
 {pro) forward. 
 
 Promtuaria cella, a cellar 
 whence eatables {promt a sunt) 
 are brought out 
 
 Promtus, drawn out. Vr. pro- 
 mo. Set forth, manifest, clear. 
 Ready to be brought out, pre- 
 pared, at hand. Hence sasy. 
 Ready, prompt, active. Things 
 "in promtu" are things ready 
 at hand. 
 
 Promulgo, 1 publish abroad, 
 for provulgo fr. vulgus. In 
 vulgus promo. V and M are 
 commutable. So proMuscis is 
 read for proBuscis. ^f Or fr. 
 7rcco ( aoAoylaj, y£, I avow openly. 
 Hence promolgo, promulgo. 
 ^f Al. for probulgo fr. bulgn, a 
 bag. Or from jxoXyog, a bag. 
 
 Promufsis, a whet to the ap- 
 petite. Fr. mulsum. w Not 
 given instead of the mulsum, 
 but before it." F. 
 
 Promus, a steward, butler. 
 One who {promit) brings out 
 eatables from the pantry, 
 
 Promuscis, a trunk of an ele- 
 phant. Fr. irpofZirKic, whence 
 promoscis, promuscis. But 
 others read proboscis. 
 
 P roadmen, a pronoun. As 
 being {pro nomine) instead of 
 the name of a person. 
 
 Proniiba, presiding over mar- 
 riage. Fr. nubo. Quae praeest 
 nuptiis. Also, one who pre- 
 
 ceded the bride to her husband's 
 house. 
 
 Promts, bending forward, in- 
 clined downward, headlong, 
 bent, prone. Inclined to a per- 
 son, favorable. Easy of de- 
 scent, easy in general. Fr. 
 Kpxv, ngiovosy the prominence of 
 a rock. That is, bending for- 
 ward like it. ^f Al. from 7rpr}v>jr, 
 same as pronus. Rather, from 
 7rgctiiv^c, which Isaac Vossius 
 states w 7 as the same as rgyjv^. 
 % Al. from pro, forward. 
 
 Proozmium, a prelude, preface. 
 IIpooi}xiov. 
 
 P?opago i a layer; branch of 
 a tree bent down and fixed in 
 the earth without disjoining it 
 from the parent stock, that new 
 shoots may spring from it. 
 Hence a shoot; offspring. Fr. 
 pago, pango, to drive in. Pro 
 seems to mean, laid out at 
 length. 
 
 Propdgo, I propagate {pro- 
 pagine) by a layer, increase, 
 extend. 
 
 Propalo, I make manifest. 
 So that it shall be (propalam) 
 in sight of all. 
 
 Prope, near. From npori, 
 just by : RLo\. %go7r), (See poPa 
 from QvTyjc, QuTyjs), whence pro- 
 pe, as TTsgl, ferE. ^[ Al. from 
 7T£7rp07ra pf. mid. of nqsTroi, to 
 suit, ^f Al. from pro and pes. 
 Before the feet. 
 
 Proptdiem, shortly, within a 
 few days. That is, we are pro- 
 pe diem, near the day. Or, 
 {diem) on a day which is (prope) 
 near. 
 
 Propensus, hanging forward, 
 bending down, inclined towards, 
 favorable to, proue to, ready to 
 
PRO 
 
 PRO 
 
 373 
 
 please or benefit. Fr. propen- 
 deo. 
 
 Proper o 9 I make haste with a 
 thing, get it ready. For pro- 
 paro. J get ready one thing be- 
 fore anything else, ^f Al. from 
 prope. " Quia, qui properat, 
 hoc agit ut magis et magis ap- 
 propinquet" V . ' 
 
 Properm, quick. Fr. pro- 
 per o. 
 
 Propheta, a prophet. Upo- 
 
 Propino, I taste a little of a 
 cup and then give it to another 
 to drink. Also, 1 drink to any 
 one. nponlvcQ. 
 
 Propinquus, near in habita- 
 tion or in race. Propinqui, re- 
 lations. Fr. prope. As Longe, 
 Longinquus. 
 
 Propilio, I make (propi- 
 tium) propitious. 
 
 Propitius, propitious, favor- 
 able. Fr. prope, as Fictitius, 
 Insititius. Qui prope est ac 
 prsesens. Virgil : '.' Praesentia 
 numina, Fauni." That is, pro- 
 pitia, says Servius. Where O 
 is long, it is lengthened from the 
 number of short syllables, as I 
 in Italia, % Al. from vpov6rvjs 9 
 prompt. 
 
 Propola, a retailer. TLqoTtui- 
 ty$. So Pro is sometimes long 
 in Prologus from UpoXoyoj. 
 
 Propolis, the honey made in 
 the fore-part of a hive, of a 
 thicker and coarser substance, 
 to keep out the cold. Fr. %po- 
 7ro\i$, the fore- part of a hive. 
 
 Propono, I propose. That 
 
 1 Al. from irpdna, Mo\. irpfaa, in- 
 stantly. 
 
 is, I put before myself or before 
 another. As Gr. n-goTi'flijjfci. 
 
 Proportio, a proportion. From 
 the frequent expression propor- 
 tione. 
 
 Propositum, anything pro- 
 posed. See Propono. What 
 I propose to myself, a purpose, 
 intention. A way or course of 
 life which we have set before 
 ourselves and adopted. 
 
 Proprius, one's own, personal, 
 private, peculiar. Also, fit, 
 suitable, proper. Scribonius : 
 " Remedia propria ad singula 
 sumere." Which belong pecu- 
 liarly to each case. So also, 
 apposite, pertinent. Cicero: 
 " Res ut omnes cerlis ac pro- 
 priis vocabulis nominentur." 
 Also, absolutely and lastingly 
 one's own, stable, permanent. 
 Lucilius : " Cum sciam nihil in 
 vitei, proprium mortali datum 
 esse." From prope. That which 
 is at hand, in our power. So 
 Potis is from Hot/. R added, as 
 in putRis, putReo. So per- 
 haps Rius in Ebrius. 
 
 Propter, near. For propeter 
 fr. prope, as Sub, Subter ; Prae, 
 Praeter. Also, by reason of, on 
 account of. Butler: " As that, 
 which is contiguous to anything, 
 may produce an effect on it ; 
 hence propter signifies the 
 cause or reason of a thing or ac- 
 tion." 
 
 Propugnaculum^ a fortress. 
 Pro quo, gratia cujus, pugna- 
 tur. 
 
 Propylaum, the porch of a 
 temple. npoiruXouov. 
 
 Prora, the prow of a ship. 
 Ilgwgct. 
 
374 
 
 PRO- 
 
 PRO 
 
 Prorlta, the keeper of the 
 
 prOW. JlgOOgYjTYlS. 
 
 Pronto, " I irritate, pro- 
 voke. Also, 1 allure, invite. " 
 F. The second sense suggests 
 a derivation from eppurai pp. of 
 puco, I draw, whence pvryp, a 
 rope to draw with, t) into 1, 
 as QpTyco, frlgo, ATyw, if go. 
 From rito is perhaps also Inrito, 
 Irrito, which is used in the first 
 sense of prorito above. From 
 the sense of drawing forth, 
 drawing out, we havo that of 
 irritating, as Provoco is to irri- 
 tate, i. e. to call out. ^f See 
 Irrito. 
 
 Prorbgo, 1 adjourn, put off. 
 That is, (rogo) I move that a 
 motion before the House shall 
 be put (pro i. e. porro) off, and 
 considered another time. Also, 
 1 carry forward, carry on, con- 
 tinue. 
 
 Prorsa (i. e. proversa) Dea 
 isopposed to Postverta. 
 
 Prorsum, Prorsus, straight 
 on. For pr over sum , proversus. 
 Turned straightforward. Also, 
 in a word, in short, in fact. That 
 is, to say a thing straightfor- 
 ward, without circumlocution. 
 So in the expression " Prorsus 
 perii," I am undone direct; to 
 say no more about it, I am 
 utterly undone. Hence prorsus 
 in general is, totally, wholly. 
 
 P/osa oratio, Prosa, prose. 
 For prorsa, (i. e. proversa,) 
 which is also found. That is, 
 which runs on straightforward, 
 not fettered and impeded by 
 long and short syllables. Or 
 which in reading we read straight 
 on ; not going back to get 
 
 the sense, as we do in Latin 
 verse. 
 
 Prosapia, a race of ancestors 
 going back for many genera- 
 tions. Fr. 7rgo<rct$Yj$, continu- 
 ous ; whence 7rpocra<£>ia, or irpo- 
 (r«<psja, (like <ruva$eia) a con- 
 tinuity. Hence prosaphia, pros- 
 apia. The quantities of the two 
 first syllables oppose this deri- 
 vation. Whether so as to de- 
 stroy it, the reader will judge. 
 ^f Al. from a word w^oVawwoj 
 formed from amroj, like Atavus, 
 that is Adavus, from Avus. 
 
 Proscenium, the stage. Ilgo- 
 crxyviov. 
 
 Proscribo, I write up, post 
 up, as a sale ; and particularly 
 the sale of the effects of a per- 
 son banished or outlawed. 
 
 Proscriptio, confiscation. Fr. 
 proscribo. 
 
 Prosecta, the entrails cut up 
 and laid out for sacrifice. Fr. 
 proseco. 
 
 Proseda, a harlot. Fr. sedeo. 
 Compare Prostibula. 
 
 Prbselytus, a proselyte. Jlpoa-- 
 r}\vrog. 
 
 Prosero: See Exero. 
 
 Proserpina, Proserpine. Fr. 
 Ilspo-sQovYi, whence by corrup- 
 tion npS(TE<p6vYl, np£<TSp<P0VYj, TIpO- 
 
 <rep<$>Qvr„ Proserphina, Proser- 
 pina. 
 
 Proseucha, a Jewish syna- 
 gogue, npoasu^rj. 
 
 Piosicice, the same as Pro- 
 secta. Fr. proseco, prosico. 
 
 Prosodia, accent. /Jgoo-wS/a. 
 
 Prosperus, Prosper, favor- 
 able, prosperous. Fr. Trpotrfo- 
 po$, advantageous. Hence pros- 
 porus, and prosperus. 
 
PRO- 
 
 PRO 
 
 375 
 
 Prostibula, Prosttbulum, a 
 prostitute. Fr. prosto, whence 
 prostabulum, (as Sto, Stabu- 
 lum), prostibulum. Or for 
 prosistibula fr. prosisto, as In- 
 fundo, Infundibulum. Proslo, 
 to stand exposed before the 
 public gaze, to stand to be hired. 
 
 Prosum, I am on the side of, 
 exert myself for, am profitable 
 to. Sum pro. Opposed to 
 Obsum. 
 
 Protego, I protect. That is, I 
 stand {pro) before a person and 
 (jego) cover him. 
 
 Protelo, I push or draw for- 
 ward by a continuous and unin- 
 terrupted impulse, I draw on. 
 Hence, I extend, prolong. Also, 
 I push or draw off, repel. Apu- 
 leius : " Mutu6 ut exitum com- 
 munem protelarent, cohortati." 
 Terence : " Ne te iratus suis 
 saevidicis dictis protelei." 1 From 
 protelum. Compare Tractim. 
 % Al. from pro, and r>jAe, at a 
 distance. 
 
 Protelum, a continuous un- 
 interrupted pulling of oxen un- 
 der the yoke. Also, a continual 
 pushing forward of any thing. 
 Hence proteld is in rapid and 
 ceaseless succession. Fr. telum. 
 " It means properly the conti- 
 nued flight (teli) of a weapon 
 impelled from a sling, or the con- 
 tinued movement onward of any 
 thing thrust forward like such a 
 weapon." V. Compare Perpes. 
 If AI. from rvjAs, to a distance. 
 
 1 Forcellini needlessly explains prote- 
 let here '' vex or gall." Dacier explains 
 it * l longe propellat, ejiciat, fuget." 
 Compare however Provoco. 
 
 If AI. for protemulum from 
 temo. Temonis contiuua pro- 
 jectio. 
 
 Protervus, wanton, skittish, 
 saucy, wayward, lascivious. For * 
 proterlvus fr. protero, as Cado, 
 Cadivus. As beating down or 
 bruising every thing in its way. 
 Compare Petulans and Petulcus 
 from Peto. ^f Al. for proter- 
 rivus fr. terreo. ^f Al. from 
 torvus. 
 
 Protinam, Protmus, directly 
 on, continually forward. With- 
 out pause or interruption, im- 
 mediately. Also, far onwards. 
 From tenus, which expresses a 
 reaching onward from one spot 
 to another, ^f Or at once from 
 te?ieo, to hold on. 
 
 Protomysta, Frotoplastus, 
 Prototomus : Greek words. 
 
 Protrepticum, an exhortatory 
 discourse. IIpoTps7rTu6v. 
 
 Proventus, a produce, crop, 
 productions, revenue. That is, 
 a coming forth. Fr. veriio. 
 
 Proverbium, a proverb, say- 
 ing. As being (pro verbo) in 
 the place of a word of advice. 
 Or as being a word or speech 
 commonly used (pro) before the 
 people. Pro somewhat as in 
 Proscriptio. 
 
 Providus, provident. Fr. 
 provideo. 
 
 Provincia, a conquered coun- 
 try governed by a Roman ma- 
 gistrate, a province. Hence 
 any distant country governed by 
 a Roman officer. The govern- 
 ment of it. Hence any office, 
 business, or employment. Fr. 
 vinco. Pro is here, at a dis- 
 tance off. 
 
376 
 
 PRO- 
 
 PS! 
 
 Provoco, I call forth ; I chal- 
 lenge ; I rouse, stir up ; hence, 
 I stir up the passions, exaspe- 
 rate, provoke. 
 
 Proxeneta, a go-between in 
 making bargains. I7gofsv)jT^. 
 
 Proximus, nearest, next ; 
 nearest in kin. Fi\ prope, whence 
 propissimus, propsimus, and 
 proximus, somewhat as niVS 
 becomes niX. ^f Or for pro- 
 pissimus, prossimus. As UlvXes 
 for UlySSes. 
 
 Prudens, seeing or knowing 
 beforehand ; provident, prudent. 
 Torprovide'ns, whence proidens, 
 prudens, as cpOhUsoc, pUni- 
 ceus. 
 
 Pruina, hoar-frost. Fr. vpoo'i- 
 vy), of the morning. Ovid has 
 " Matutinjeve pruina." 
 
 Pruna, a burning or live 
 coal. Fr. wvpivv), belonging to 
 fire,iiery; whence ngvlvYj, pruna. 
 ^f The Iceland, brune is heat ; 
 Anglo-Sax. bryne is a burning; 
 and by man, to burn. These 
 seem allied to 7rv§lvr,, Trupyr). 
 
 Prunum, a plum, prune. 
 Prunus, a plum tree. u From 
 Gr. ngouvy, if irpoovYj is the same 
 as xoxxo{iYi\iot, as Stephens thinks. 
 But I think he is mistaken. Jt 
 is rather from 7rgovpvov, an Asi- 
 atic word for the fruit of the 
 plum, or at least of the wild 
 plum." V. " IJgovpvog, the wild 
 plum tree. Also, the cultivated 
 species. Flpov^vov, the wild 
 plum. IIpovvY), the plum tree : 
 prunus domestical' l)n. 
 
 Prurigo, an itching ; the ilch. 
 Fr. prurio. As Orior, Origo. 
 
 Prurio, I itch or cause an 
 itching ; I have an itching or 
 
 propensity for. Fr. peruro, 
 whence perururio, (as Scateo, 
 Scaturio), contr. prurio. From 
 the burning and irritating fe el- 
 
 ing. 
 
 Prytanes, a chief magistrate. 
 IJp6ra.vi$. 
 
 Prytarieum, a place where 
 the Prytanes tried causes, &c. 
 UpvTuveiov. 
 
 Psallo, I play on a musical 
 instrument ; I sing to the sound 
 of one. SPukXw. 
 
 Psalma, the music of the 
 lyre ; a song sung to the sound 
 of it. $"aA/*a. 
 
 Psalttrium, a kind of harp; 
 a song sung to it. ^aXr^giov. 
 
 Psaltes, a minstrel. iu\Tr\e. 
 
 Psaltria, a music-girl. *aA- 
 
 TplCt. 
 
 Psecas, a female slave who 
 dressed the hair of her mistress. 
 Gr. ^sxus is a drop. Madan : 
 " Juvenal gives the waiting- 
 maid the name of one of chaste 
 Diana's nymphs, who attended 
 on the Goddess and assisted at 
 her toilet in the grotto of the 
 vale Gargaphie : Ovid, Met. 3, 
 172." Forcellini: " So called 
 perhaps, because she sprinkled 
 light drops of ointment on the 
 hair of her mistress." 
 
 Psephi&ma, a decree. &r r 
 
 (pi(T[XOL. 
 
 Pseudo : Words begin- 
 ning with pseudo are of Greek 
 origin, (at least in part) from 
 \J/=D£<3£, falsehood. 
 
 Pslla, velvet. #iA>j. 
 
 Psilothrum, an ointment to 
 take away hair. tyiXwQpov. 
 
 Psittacus, a parrot. ¥itt«- 
 
PSO' 
 
 PUE 
 
 377 
 
 Psolois, a 4/wA^, to aioViov ap- 
 vevixov. Auct. Priap. Carm.: 
 ts Psoleon ille [Homerus] vocat 
 quod nos psoloenta vocamus." 
 Prima O videtur brevis fieri ex 
 metri necessitate. 
 
 Psyche, the sous. Psyche. 
 
 Psych — — ; The other words 
 also beginning with psych are 
 Greek. 
 
 Psythia, a kind of vine which 
 produced the best grapes for 
 sweet wine, ^ufl/a, 
 
 Pte, as in Susapte. Fr. irors, 
 7TTS, as in Tkrs. 
 
 Ptisdna, barley-broth ; bar- 
 ley. IlTKTCiVq, 
 
 Puber: See Pubes. 
 
 Pubes, the down or soft hair 
 which begins to grow on young 
 persons when they come to the 
 age of puberty ; youth, young 
 men. 1 Fr. <po//3rj, hair.* Hence 
 puba, as from <POIvUso$ is PUni- 
 ceus. The termination changed, 
 as in Pausa from Uaixri^ Vinum 
 from Olvog. Or pubes is fr. $01- 
 Prjsig, 4>o<j6%. ^f Or from /3oy/3coV, 
 the groin or inguinal glands. 
 Whence babes, pubes. % Or 
 from notis, iEoh nolg, 7roi$, 
 whence po'ibes, pubes. Bes, as 
 Pes in Caespes. " Pili qui in 
 pueris anno xiv., in puellis 
 xi l. circa inguina enascuntur." 
 F. % Al. from nsQvs vjfiYi, pu- 
 deudorum lanugo. 
 
 Pubes, Puber, arrived at 
 the age of puberty. See 
 above. 
 
 Publicauus, a farmer (publi- 
 corum) of the public taxes. 
 
 Publico, I make public pro- 
 perty, confiscate. I make pub- 
 lic, Fr. publicus. 
 
 Publicus, public, belonging 
 to the public, common. Fr. po- 
 pulus, whence populicus, pop- 
 licus, (which is still found) po- 
 blicus, publicus. 
 
 Pudenda. Ut Gr. alhlcx. ab 
 
 Pudet me, it shames me, I 
 am ashamed of. Fr. InutisiTcu, 
 i£ol. fc-7rojoVn-ai, (as waTj, jEol. 
 5ro7$ ; nutio$, iEol. ttojSoj,) whence 
 epacdet, (the middle being turned 
 into an active,) epudet, (as pU- 
 nio from kOIvyj,) and pudet, as 
 E is dropt in Ruber, Rufus, 
 Liber, Renins. But U should 
 be long ? Yet we have fera from 
 QHpog, furls from <$>flpo$. Or 
 suppose that liroilsiTcti was cor- 
 rupted to eTrofohcti. *ft Or pu- 
 det is from pudor, and pudor is 
 from nous, 7roudb$, JEol. nois, 
 notion voidog. As being a qua- 
 lity belonging peculiarly to boys. 
 *jj « From Chaldee PHT, pu- 
 duit." V. If so, the D in Pu- 
 det is for T. 5 
 
 Pudlcus, chaste. Fr. pudor, 
 as Amo, Amicus. 
 
 Pudor, shame, modesty. See 
 pudet. 
 
 Puella, a girl. Fr. puer, 
 whence puera, puerula, puerla, 
 puella. 
 
 Puer 9 a boy; *a servant, &c. 
 Fr. Troiis, notis, JEol. it&ip and 
 
 1 Also, locus ipse in quo pubes nasci- 
 tur, inguen. 
 
 2 So explained by the Etymol. Magn. 
 
 Etym. 
 
 3 Lhuyd refers the Armoric pyudyr, 
 pudor, to the Latin. 
 
 o JB 
 
378 
 
 PUE- 
 
 PUL 
 
 ■xo'ip, whence po'er, puer. See 
 Por. 
 
 Puerptra, a woman lately 
 delivered. Quae nuper peperit 
 puerum aut pueram. 
 
 Pugce, the buttocks. Ilvyul. 
 
 Pugil, a boxer. For pugnil, 
 pugnilis, (like Agilis) fr. pugnus, 
 as Figulus from Fingo, Figo. 
 The N in pugnus is dropt also 
 in Pugillus. ^f Or fr. 7roJ, with 
 the fist : i. e. 7r6y$. 
 
 Pugillares, tablets covered 
 with wax on which they wrote 
 with the stylus. Fr. pugillus. 
 As being a kind of manuals. 
 " Ita ut pugillo facile teneren- 
 tur." F. In Juvenal "pugilla- 
 res testiculos" is explained by 
 Forcellini "grandiores et pug- 
 num implentes :" who adds : 
 " Prudentius shortens the U : 
 but he is a bad prosodian." 
 Facciolati remarks that Pruden- 
 tius is right, and Juvenal wrong : 
 as PU in pugillus is short. % 
 Al. from pugo, pungo. " Quia 
 stylo in his pungendo scribatur." 
 V. ^f Al. from 7rs7rruya pf. mid. 
 of 7nw<ra;, to fold. Soft for 
 ptugillareSy as Penna from 
 IlTsvvtz. Homer himself uses 
 •nvKTcti for ktvxtou for folded 
 tablets. 
 
 Pugillus, a little fist. For 
 pugnillus. As Flagrum, Fla- 
 geiium. 
 
 Pugio, a dagger, stiletto. Fr. 
 pugo, pungo, to pierce. % Al. 
 for pugtiio fr. pugnus. As 
 grasped by the fist. See Pugil. 
 The Greeks say ly^ziqlhov . 
 N omitted as in Pugil, Pugil- 
 lus. 
 
 Pugna, a single combat; 
 any combat, battle. Properly, 
 
 fought (pugno) with the fist. 
 Horace : " Uuguibus et pugnis, 
 dein fustibus, atque ita porro 
 Pugnabant armis." 
 
 Pugno, I fight. Fr. pugna. 
 
 Pugnus, a fist. Fr. nvwos, 
 solid, close. That is, the hand 
 closed or close. Hence pucnus, 
 pugnus, as xvKvog, cyGnus. 
 
 Pulcher, beautiful. For pul- 
 chrus fr. noXvxgovs, having much 
 color or complexion. Hence 
 polchrus, pulchrus. % Al. from 
 7roXup^apjj, having much grace 
 and elegance. Hence pol- 
 chris, pulchris. ^f Al. from 7ro- 
 Kuy^eiq, considered as meaning, 
 having much avail in the hand, 
 strong. Florus: "Turn etiam 
 manu pulcher apparuit." Vir- 
 gil : " Satus Hercule pulchro 
 Pulcher Aventinus." Heyne 
 says here: " Noli nee de Her- 
 culis nee de Aventini pulchritu- 
 dine dubitare. Rem satis de- 
 clarant signa vetera. Sed cogi- 
 tandum est de pulchritudine he- 
 rois, qui robore corporis omnes 
 superavit." As pulcher is ap- 
 plied to the other virtues of the 
 mind, why not to that of bravery ? 
 Especially as bravery was rec- 
 koned the greatest virtue. So 
 that we have no need to fly to 
 noXvxsig, and give it a meaning 
 it never bears. 
 
 Pulegium, Pule'ium, the herb 
 pennyroyal. For pu ledum. il Fr. 
 pulex. Because the smell of 
 its leaves burnt destroys fleas." 
 Tt. This is taken, I suppose, 
 from Pliny : " Flos pulegii re- 
 centis incensus pulices necat 
 odore." These derivations are 
 usually suspicious. I leave this 
 as I find it. 
 
PUL PUL 
 
 379 
 
 Pulex, a flea. Fr. tyvMot, 
 psulla, psula, for softness pula. 
 Or fr. ^fuKKa, iravKKct, (mvWot, 
 spula, pula. The termination 
 is changed. So in Pausa from 
 J7«u<nj, Nervus from Nsvpov, 
 Vinum from Oho$. We have 
 Cornix from Kopwvv). 
 
 Pullatus, clothed in black or 
 mourning; in dirty black such as 
 is worn by the poor, or, as others 
 explain it, clothes naturally of 
 black wool which the poor had 
 no means to get whitened. Fr. 
 pullus, adj. 
 
 Pullus, the young of any 
 creature. Fr. ttwAos, a foal, colt. 
 Polulus, pollus. Hence any 
 young animal. Damm explains 
 ircoXos " pullus, maxime equinus." 
 Donnegan : " IIwXoTgoQos, that 
 rears horses. Applied also to 
 other animals. noohixbs, of 
 colts. Sometimes also said of 
 
 YOUNG OXEN." Pullus IS 
 
 applied to boys, in which sense 
 itciiKog is used. Though some 
 derive pullus here from puellus 
 for puerulus. Or from pupulus, 
 whence puplus, pullus. 
 
 Pullus, blackish, dun, brown. 
 Fr. ttsXAos, livid, brownish. As 
 "EXxog, Ulcus, f Al. from pu- 
 rus, whence purulus, pullus. As 
 said of wool in its natural color, 
 unwhitened by art. 
 
 Pulmentum,the same as puis, 
 pultis, for pultimentum. Also, 
 any food which was eaten first 
 with puis, then with bread, ex- 
 cept fish and tlesh. " Appella- 
 tio iis orta temporibus, quibus 
 usus panis nondum erat, sed pro 
 eo pulte utebantur." F. 
 
 Pulmo, the lungs. Fr. 7rAsu- 
 
 ju,cJv, transp. 7rsuKfj.wv. Or 7rAsw- 
 /xwv, plumo, pulmo. 
 
 Pulpa : See Appendix. 
 
 Pulp amentum, delicate food. 
 u Cibus e pulpa concisafactus." 
 F. 
 
 Pulpitum : See Appendix. 
 
 Puis, pultis, a food com- 
 posed of flour and pulse, pottage. 
 /loArof. 
 
 Pulso, I beat. Fr. pello, 
 pelsum, pulsum. 
 
 Pulsus, the pulse. Fr. pello, 
 pulsum. From its beating. 
 
 Pultarius, a pan in which 
 pottage was made. Fr. puis, 
 pultis. 
 
 Pultiphagus, a pottage-eater. 
 Fr. puis, pultis, and $ayw, to eat. 
 
 Pulto, I beat. Fr. pello, 
 pellitum, peltum, pultiim. See 
 Merto. E to U, as in sepUltum. 
 Or U is fr. pepUli. 
 
 Pulver, same as pulvis. 
 Hence Pulvereus, &c. 
 
 Pulvillus, a little cushion. 
 Pulvinulus. 
 
 Pulvinar, a cushion ; pillow, 
 couch. A couch on which the 
 images of the Gods were placed 
 on solemn occasions. See Pul- 
 vinus. 
 
 Pulvinus, Polvlnus, a cushion; 
 pillow : a flower-bed raised in 
 the form of a cushion ; a sand- 
 bank. Fr. QvKX)$, JEol. <poX\)s, 
 (whence Latin Follis,) a bag, 
 pod, &c. Whence <pohV)$, like 
 ferVo, pulVis. Then pholvmus, 
 (as Incolinus, &c.) then polvi- 
 nus. If Or from waAAa, a ball, 
 iEol. TroAXa. % Al. from /3oA/3o£, 
 a leek. " Quia instar bulbi tu- 
 inet," says Martini. ^ Al. from 
 Germ, bol, the head, whence 
 
580 
 
 PUL- 
 
 PUN 
 
 our Bolster, ^f " Fr. pulvis, 
 dust or chaff with which it was 
 filled." Tt. 
 
 Pulvis, Polvis, dust. The 
 dust of the arena ; hence, the 
 arena, place of exercise. Fr. 
 7r«X>], flour, small dust ; whence 
 palVa, (as sylVa,) and pulva, as 
 cUlmus from xAXapog. Or fr. 
 TTuty, JEol. TroArj, polVa. The 
 termination is changed, as vice 
 versa pa us A from 7ra.ua- IX '. 
 
 Pumex, a pumice-stone. A 
 rock full of holes. Fr. %wy.a, 
 same as nopx ; whence Troopr^. 
 From drinking in or imbibing 
 moisture, ^f Al. for ptumex fr. 
 
 'JTSTTTUfX.ai pp. Of 7ITU00, tO Spit. 
 
 " As being generated from the 
 foam of the sea." V", Or as 
 being the foam or dregs of lique- 
 factions. % Or for spumex ir. 
 spuma. 
 
 Pumilio, a dwarf, pigmy. Fr. 
 pumilus. The U made long, as I 
 in Italia. Or from a Greek 
 word nvyuLoiXlctiv. 
 
 Pumilus, a dwarf. Fr. a word 
 TTuyftaAoj formed fr. wy^y, 
 whence nvypouoc, a pigmy. Or 
 at once from 7rvyprj. G dropt, 
 as in Stimulus for StiGmulus. 
 
 Punctatim, briefly. By lay- 
 ing before the reader the (puncta) 
 chief points of the argument. 
 
 Punctum, a prick, point, spot, 
 dot ; the principal point in an 
 argument ; a point of time, 
 moment. Also, a vote, suffrage ; 
 for waxen tablets were handed 
 to the voters containing the 
 names of the candidates ; and a 
 voter put his mark to the name 
 of the candidate he voted for. 
 Also, a point in dice. Hence, 
 
 the game of dice. .Fr. pwwgo, 
 pungtum, punctum. 
 
 Pun go, I prick, pierce ; sting ; 
 penetrate ; gall or fret the mind. 
 For pugo, whence pupugi. So 
 N is added in Pango. Whence 
 is pugo? As nyy vujm (to make 
 tight or firm, to drive in or fix 
 in a nail or stake so as to make 
 it tight or firm, to fix in,) i&. 
 from 'kocoo, kekyixci, tt^kcjo, nf)i;cjt> f 
 
 Trsirriyot, it^yoo so from ttvco, 
 
 7re7ruxcx. was formed ttuxoo, 7rv£w, 
 7rs7rvyot, whence 7ruyoo, pugo, and 
 hence pungo, properly to drive 
 or fix in, as a sting, point of a 
 dart, 8cc. From this 7ruxco, 7rvyco 
 or TTu&o was formed 7royi«,>j, a 
 fist, (from 7re7ryyju,ai) ; vrvgos, the 
 box-tree, (from TreVuJai) ; -nvyy], 
 the buttocks; &c. &c. IIccco, 
 new, nvoo, &c. meant to press 
 close or tight, to make thick, 
 compact, &c. ^[ Others de- 
 rive pugo at once from 7rYjyco, 
 But this change of >j into U does 
 not seem satisfactory, ^f Tooke : 
 " From Anglo-Sax. pyngan" 
 And Wachter refers to Welsh 
 pigo, Germ, picken, to pick. 
 % Al. from 7TSUX0S, bitterness. 
 Hence a verb nevxoca, nsvxa), 
 puco, pugo, as said properly of 
 pungent things. 
 
 Pumceus, of a reddish color, 
 not so deep as purple. But it 
 is used also for purple. Fr. 
 <pomxsog, dark red, purple. 
 
 Punicum malum, Purncum, 
 a pomegranate. ** As being 
 very plentifully found in Africa 
 about Carthage. Or because 
 its bark, flowers, and grains were 
 (purrico colore) of a red color." 
 F. 
 
PUN 
 
 PUS 
 
 381 
 
 Pumcus, same as puniceus. 
 Fr. (poiviycog. 
 
 Pumcus, Carthaginian. From 
 Panus, whence Punicus, as 
 from nOIvr) is pUnio. % Or 
 from 3>o7v<£, <Po(vixos. As Pce- 
 nus is from <Polvi%. 
 
 Punio, I punish. Fr. pana, 
 for poznio. Or at once from tto*- 
 vyi, punishment : as Providens, 
 Proidens, Prudens. % Tooke : 
 " From Anglo- Sax. pinan." 
 
 Pupa, a young girl ; image 
 of a little girl. Vr. pupus. 
 
 Pupilla, a little girl. Fr. 
 pupa. Generally, a young or- 
 phan girl. Also, the pupil of 
 the eye. For the figures seen 
 in it appear to be little boys and 
 little girls. So Gr. xopvi, which 
 Ormston explains, u a girl; a 
 small image of one, a doll ; the 
 pupil of the eye, from its present- 
 ing a small image of the observer." 
 
 Pupillus, a boy. Specially 
 applied to one under age, who 
 bas ceased to be in his father's 
 power either by death or by 
 emancipation ; a ward, orphan. 
 Fr. pupus. 
 
 Puppis, the stern of a ship. 
 From ilonoi, (poetically TlowKoi,) 
 the Gods. For their images 
 were painted on the stern. 
 Ovid : " Puppique recurvae 
 Insilit, et pictos verberat un- 
 da Deos." ^f Al. from sttcjo- 
 irig, (Vmmtij,) fern, of enawvn, an 
 overseer. Isaac Voss. : "Pup- 
 pis est prospectus navis et in ea 
 oculi." Hence puppis, as IlcbXog, 
 Pullus. Or fr. sn-ornjj, Wbtijs, 
 whence VoWijff, poppis, puppis. 1 
 
 1 Al. from eV omVa, behind ; whence 
 
 Pupus, a young boy. Bee- 
 man : " From Hebr. bob, pupus 
 fuit." And Wachter refers to 
 Germ, bub, " puer, parvus et 
 magnus." % " From fiouiraig, 
 [iEol. fiouTrois,'] valde puer." 
 Ainsw. Hence bupus, pupus. 
 But fiounaig is rather a large 
 full-grown boy. ^[ Al. from 
 pusus, whence pusivus, puvus, 
 pupus. 
 
 Purgamentum, diet, refuse. 
 Quod ex purgatione oritur. 
 
 Purgo, I make pure, clean ; 
 cleanse; I make clear of a 
 charge. For purigo fr. purus. 
 As Mitis, Mitigo. 
 
 Purpura, the shell-fish from 
 which purple-die was produced ; 
 purple ; the purple-dress of 
 kings and magistrates ; kings, 
 magistrates, &c. so drest. Fr. 
 7ro^(pupa, whence porphura, por- 
 pura, purpura. 
 
 Purpuro, I die {purpura) 
 with purple. 
 
 Purus, pure, clean, fine, 
 clear ; pure in mind. Pure, 
 simple. Purum i. e. caelum, 
 the clear sky. Purus is pro- 
 perly pure as (ocmo nvpog) by fire. 
 
 Pus,puris, the corrupt matter 
 of a sore. Fr. vuog, as 6vog, 
 Thus. Puris, like Mus, Muris. 
 
 Pusillus, tiny. Fr. pusus. 
 We have Mamilla from Mam- 
 
 ma. 
 
 Pusio, a little boy. Fr. pusus. 
 % Or IV. nuig, Mo\. irolg, whence 
 iroiiG-lwv, /Eol. irourtoov, whence 
 pusio, as from nOIvr} is pUnio. 
 
 'ttottIs. Or iwl TovvlffO), whence iiroviriav, 
 ^Trowels. 
 
382 
 
 PUS- 
 
 PUT 
 
 Pustula, a blister, pimple. 
 " Fr. pus. Because it contains 
 it. Though it is said as well of 
 things which have it not." F. 
 1f Or fr. 7T£^uo-Ta* pp. of Qvco, 
 fut. Qvcroo, whence <pu<raa>, to puff 
 out. From this <pvco appear to 
 come <pv<TTY) and <pu<nt>j. ^f Or 
 fr. <pv<TYirr), bloated ; contr. «pucrT^. 
 See Fistula. 
 
 Pusula, same as pustula. 
 
 Pusuldtum argentum, very 
 refined. " So called from the 
 (pusulce) blisters which silver 
 receives in melting, and by 
 which the silver becomes rug- 
 ged ; or from those which the 
 graving and recent impression 
 have raised." F. 
 
 Pusus, a little boy. Fr. ttous, 
 iEol. 7ro7j, whence poisus, pusus, 
 as pUnio from ttOIvy). Compare 
 Crassus from Kpa$. 
 
 Puta, for instance. Persius: 
 •* Hoc putd non justum est, 
 illud male, rec'tius istud." Puta, 
 imagine this case. 
 
 Putamen 9 a husk. Fr. puto. 
 As being cut off or taken off. 
 
 Puteal, the cover (putei) of a 
 well. A place in the forum 
 where usurers met. Adam : 
 " Because that place, being 
 struck with thunder, had been 
 expiated by Scribonius Libo, 
 who raised over it a stone cover- 
 ing, the covering of a well, open 
 at the top, in the Forum ; near 
 which the tribunal of the praetor 
 used to be, and where the usur- 
 ers met." 
 
 Puleo, I stink. Fr. 7t6Qod or 
 wuflea;, to putrefy. Hence are 
 putris and putreo. 
 
 Puteus, a well or pit. " It 
 
 was also a punishment by which 
 slaves were thrown into a well : 
 whether it was a real well in 
 which they were suspended and 
 kept in the water, or whether it 
 was a place sunk like a well." F. 
 From fioQeos, JEo). of jSade'oj, 
 gen. of f$M$, deep. So Plu- 
 teus from IIXutso$, UAotsoj. T 
 for 6, as in puTeo, laTeo. If 
 Or fr. (3vQog, depth, or j36Qio$ f 
 deep. % AL from voto$, drink- 
 able, ^f Al. from the North. 
 " Anglo-Sax. pit, pyt, Belg. 
 put. From Celt, bod, deep." W. 
 
 Putidus, nasty, foul. Also, 
 disgusting, unpleasant, affected : 
 i. e. offending the ears, as bad 
 smells the nose. Fr. puteo. So 
 Rancidus is used. 
 
 Putillm, vox blandientis. " A 
 puta [aut putus], a woVflij, unde 
 etiam praputium. [Quod vide.] 
 Apud Plautum Libanius Phile- 
 nium ea ratione poscit ut se ap- 
 pellet putillum, qua Augustus 
 Horatium vocavit putissimum 
 penem." V. The reading how- 
 ever of putillus here, and of pu- 
 tilla in Horace Sat. 2, 3, 21 6, 
 is very dubious. 
 
 Puto. I find these senses in 
 Forceilini : " 1. To lop, prune, 
 cut off the superfluous branches. 
 2. To clean. 3. To clear, set- 
 tle one's accounts. 4. To con- 
 sider, ponder, reflect. 5. To 
 think, conjecture, imagine. 6. 
 To value, estimate." Do all 
 these senses come from one 
 root ? If so, what is the mean- 
 ing which embraces them all? 
 Puto may be i'r. iruQco, 1 I enquire 
 
 1 Whence is irwddvonut ; and (from 
 
PUT- 
 
 PYT 
 
 383 
 
 into, examine, essay, try. The 
 three last senses easily belong to 
 this. And by examining our ac- 
 counts we clear or settle them. 
 This is the third sense. Does 
 the first agree with these ? 
 When we prune, we examine 
 what branches are to be retained 
 and what rejected, Gellius : 
 " Putare veteres dixerunt, va- 
 cantia ex quaque re ac non ne- 
 cessaria auferre et excidere, et 
 quod esset utile ac sine vitio 
 videretur relinquere. Sic nam- 
 que vites, et sic etiam rationes 
 putari dictum." The second 
 sense is closely allied to this. 
 Or, (as from Ileua-Tog examined, 
 essayed, and so separated and 
 purified, is Putus, pure,) so puto 
 from JJuQw may mean generally, I 
 purify, cleanse, clean, clear, clear 
 away, and so prune. Vossius : 
 "Putare rationes est quod Grasci 
 dicunt sKxctQotipoii koyicrpov. Item 
 putare dicimur vites ; quia, cum 
 id quod impedimento erat reci- 
 sum est, remanent pur^." If 
 Others refer puto to putus, pure, 
 clean. That is, putum facio. 
 But pu in putus is long. l 
 
 pp. treirvcr/Mai and ireirvarai) are irvcfia 
 and icvaris. Or say that puto is fr. irvQG> 
 fut. 2. of 7T6v0a>. 
 
 1 Al. from ireVoro, (whence are ir6r~ 
 fios and tt6tvios,) pf. mid. of 7T€to>, taken 
 actively, I make to fall. Or to k6ittw, iEol. 
 k6tt(>), I cut off; whence tt6ttu>, as Ky 
 and Itri are interchanged ; and as luPus 
 is from XiKos. Then, from causing 
 branches to fall or cutting them off, we 
 have the sense of discriminating and judg- 
 ing. Gellins: " Puto non significat pro- 
 fecto aliud, quam id agere nos in re duhia 
 ut, decisis amputatisque falsis opinioni- 
 bus, quod videatur esse verum et inte- 
 grum retiaeamus." % Haigh : (i Fr. </>u- 
 
 Putreo, I rot. Fr. putris. 
 
 Putins , rotten, fetid ; crumb- 
 ling, limp, lax. Fr. puteo. 
 
 Putus, pure. Fr. 7r sucttoj, 
 iEol. ireurrbg, (as nla-rig, iEol. 
 ttittis), essayed, refined. Theo- 
 critus : Xpvcrov ttsuQovtoh £j»oij3of. 
 
 Putus, i f same as potus, i. 
 
 Pyctes, a boxer. iTuxTrjj. 
 
 Pygargus, a bird and a beast 
 with a white tail. Ringtail : 
 rein-deer. Tluyapyog, 
 
 Pygiaca, k nvyou, nates. 
 
 Pygm&iy Pygmies. Ilvypaioi. 
 
 Pyra, a funeral-pile. /lupa. 
 
 Pyramis, a pyramid. Ilupa- 
 
 Pyrethrum, some herb. IIu- 
 psQpov. 
 
 PyrguSy a tower. Ilupyog, 
 A dice-box in its shape. 
 
 Pyrio, I heat. Fr. ?ru§»«a>, 
 nvpico. 
 
 Py rites y the fire-stone. Hu- 
 
 PyroiSy the planet Mars. 
 tlvposig. Columella has RUTI- 
 lus Pyro'is. 
 
 Pyropns, an opal, nupoonog. 
 
 Pyri'hicha, a dance in armor. 
 
 nvpplxV' 
 
 Pyrrhichius pes, a foot like 
 chiiis. Uuppl^iog, 
 
 Pyrus: See Pirus. 
 
 Pythaules, one who plays the 
 Pythian air on the flute. 17u0- 
 
 GtuXY}g. 
 
 PTjthia, the priestess of 
 Apollo. IlvQioi. 
 
 Pythia, the Pythian games. 
 
 raw 
 
 aw, «pvrSiy to prune : from fyvrbv, a 
 plant, shoot." But <p\nua> should mean 
 to plant or transplant. 
 
384 
 
 PYT- 
 
 QUA 
 
 Pythius, Apollo. Il6Qio$. 
 
 Python, the serpent. IIvQmv. 
 
 Pytisma, spittle. n6TKr[ia.. 
 But the reading is much dis- 
 puted. 
 
 Pytisso, I spit out. Fr. nv- 
 t*£co, wr'tirco, 7ruri(r<Too. Others 
 read pitisso, I sip. Fr. vitiZoo 
 from %'ivij iTBTriTcti. Vossius 
 quotes ix9nr/?«> from Athenseus. 
 But Donnegan has ttvtI^oh in the 
 sense of sipping also. 
 
 Pyxinum, the name of a salve, 
 mentioned by Celsus. " Per- 
 haps from its being contained 
 (pyxide) in a boxen vessel," 
 says Forcellini. Rather from 
 its being of a box-wood i. e. 
 yellow color. However, it must 
 be from Gr. nvgivov. 
 
 Pyxis, a box. 27u£<s. 
 
 Q. 
 
 Qua, which way, &c. Qua 
 via, ratione. 
 
 Quadantenus, to a certain ex- 
 tent. Quddam parte tenus. For 
 quadamtenus. So Aliquatenus. 
 
 Quadra, a square. A square 
 table. The fourth part of any- 
 thing, a bit, piece. For quatra 
 from quater. Or quatra is 
 quart a. Hence Quadrupes, 
 Quadrigae, &c. 
 
 Quadrdginta, forty. For 
 quatraginta. See Quadra and 
 Viginti. 
 
 Quadrans, the fourth part of 
 an as, for quadras, from quater 
 and as. Or at once fr. quadra. 
 Hence a fourth of anything. 
 
 Quadrantal, a solid square. 
 Also, a measure having a square 
 
 foot every way. " A quadrata 
 figura," says Dacier. So that 
 it is put for quadratal. It seems 
 to come from quadrans, qua- 
 drantis, which yet has nothing 
 to do with it. In Pliny 13, 
 29, "Magnitude* amplissima 
 fuit, quatuor pedum et semipe- 
 dis per medium ambitum, cras- 
 situdine quadrantali" quadran- 
 tali is one-fourth of a foot, fr. 
 quadrans, antis. 
 
 Quddrantdria res, a bath. 
 For a quadrans was paid for 
 bathing. 
 
 Quadrat arius, a stone-cutter. 
 Fr. quadratus. That is, a squa- 
 rer. 
 
 Quadratus, squared. Also, 
 well-set : as we say, A square 
 man. Quadratum, a square. 
 Quadrata litera, a letter made 
 in a rectangular form. We say, 
 To write a square hand. Qua- 
 dratum agmeo, an army formed 
 into a square. 
 
 Quadruftdus, cleft into four 
 parts. Fr. quater, andfido, fin- 
 do. See Quadra. 
 
 Quddrtgte, a team of four 
 horses. For quadriagce, fr. 
 ago. ^f Or for quadrijugce. 
 See Bigae. 
 
 Quddrimus, of four years. 
 See Bimus. 
 
 Quadro, I make square, 
 square ; I square with, suit or 
 fit with : for square stones easily 
 suit each other in a building. 
 Fr. quadra, or quadras. 
 
 Quadrupes, a four-footed ani- 
 mal. Fr. pes. 
 
 Quadrupldtor, one who gives 
 or takes (quadruplum) four times 
 as much. Also, a public in- 
 
QUA- 
 
 QUJE 
 
 385 
 
 former. As giving information 
 concerning crimes for which 
 persons were fined four times as 
 much as the sum in question. 
 Others understand it as if the 
 informers received a fourth part 
 of the conviction. But what 
 has this to do with quadrnplus? 
 
 Quadruplex, four-fold. Like 
 Duplex. 
 
 Quadruplus, four- fold. Plus, 
 as in Duplus. 
 
 Quadrus, square. See Quadra. 
 
 Quce, which, fern, of Qui. 
 From xou yj. (See Qui.) Hence 
 quaie, quae. 
 
 Quaro, I seek, search. I get 
 by seeking. I ask, enquire. 
 'Epeco, says Donnegan, is for 
 epsvvau). From speoo suppose a 
 compound xctTepsw, xci-epa), in 
 the same sense. Drop the T, 1 
 we have xaspw, qucero. We 
 have V dropt in Prudens from 
 Providens. % Or qucero is from 
 Xygeuoo, Dor. ^upsvoo, I am in 
 want of; transp. ^otsupaj, ^uspco, 
 qucero. Or from yr\poc, suppose 
 a verb xypico, %*jpw, Dor. yapm } 
 whence ya^h qucero. Or x as " 
 poo is fr. x<xzgo;, whence %>jpo£. 
 If Al. from raw, I stretch out 
 my hands i. e. to search for (See 
 Tento,) ; whence rotipoo, (as ^J/aco, 
 tyaipco,) ZEol. xctlpca, as Te in 
 jEolic became Ke, whence Que. 
 1F " From Hebrew KRJ, vo- 
 cat." Ainsw.* 
 
 1 The T is dropt in icavd£ais for nard- 
 (jais: but Matthias accounts for that 
 thus : KaraFd^ais, KarFd^ais, kolF Famous. 
 Kaf3d\\7)s is derived by Lennep from 
 Kara&dWoi). 
 
 8 Haigli : ,( Fr. weipaw, ireipwj to try, 
 to solicit; iEoI. Keipa." 
 
 Etym, 
 
 Quasitor, a judge. Fr. quce- 
 ro, or rather quaso, quantum. 
 An examiner of charges. 
 
 Quaso, I seek, &c. Fr. qua- 
 ro, qucersum, (as Curro, Cur- 
 sum,) qucesum. 
 
 Quastio, an enquiry, &c. Fr. 
 quaso, quasi turn, quastum. 
 
 Quastor, an examiner of capi- 
 tal charges, inquisitor. For 
 quasitor. See Quaestio. Also 
 a city and a provincial magis- 
 trate who busied himself in ma- 
 king enquiries into the state of 
 the treasury and into the method 
 necessary for filling it. Or qua- 
 ro is here " qucero compeilendi 
 et exigendi gratia." Vossius: 
 " Why the term was applied to 
 the Quastors under Augustus is 
 not clear. They read his edicts to 
 the Senate. Cujacius supposes 
 that they were made quastors to 
 enable them to come into the 
 Senate. For by the Cornelian 
 Law no one could arrive at any 
 honor till he had been questor. 
 Scipio Gentilis thinks them 
 called from their resembling the 
 ancient questors, to whom the 
 care of guarding the decrees of 
 the Senate was committed by 
 the Tribunes and TEdiles." 
 They were called quastores can- 
 didal, " because," says Adam, 
 " they sued for higher prefer- 
 ments, which by the interest of 
 the Emperor they were sure to 
 obtain. Quintilian : Petis tan- 
 quam Caesaris candidatus." Put 
 Quarts for Petis, and a third 
 reason of the name appears. 
 
 Quastura, the office (quasto- 
 ris) of questor. So Prastor, 
 Praetura. 
 
 S c 
 
386 
 
 QU^. 
 
 OUA 
 
 Quastus, a trade. Fr. quce- 
 so, qucssitum, quastum. A mode 
 of seeking a livelihood. Cicero : 
 " Qui honeste rem quarunt 
 mercaturis faciendis." Hence 
 gain, profit, accruing from trade. 
 Qualis, of what kind. Fr. 
 nY}\ixos, Dor. sraAoco^ and xaAi- 
 xo$, (as nag, xw£,) whence quails, 
 as from TukUog is Talis, ^f Al. 
 from qua, as Ohg from 01. For 
 quailis, as in Agilis, Virilis, &c. 
 ^f Al. from quam. See Talis. 
 if Jamieson : " From Mceso- 
 Goth. quhileiks, which is from 
 quhe, to whom or what, and 
 leiks, like." 
 
 Qualitas, the kind or quality. 
 From qualis. 
 
 Qudlus, a twig-basket. For 
 quasillus. So Velum, &c. 
 
 Quam, how much. Cicero : 
 " Quam cupiunt laudari ! " Pro- 
 perly, the accusative of quis, as 
 Trrj and %£$ are for 7H3 and Trolg 
 from nog. That is, secundum 
 ^Mrt?w rationem ? Or some such 
 ellipsis. So Alias is Secun- 
 dum alias rationes seu tempes- 
 tates. Compare Unquam. % Al. 
 for quantum. Valerius: " Quam 
 potuit, constanter cum populo 
 egit" &c. But there is an ellip- 
 sis : Tam constanter quam po- 
 tuit. And quantum itself re- 
 quires the ellipsis of tantixm. 
 In fact quantum is from quam. 
 % Jamieson: " If we look for 
 the Mceso-Goth. ablative, what 
 if it should be found in the Lat. 
 tam and quam, as abbrevia- 
 tions of th a mm a, in it, and of 
 quhamma, in what? " 
 
 Quam, as. Livy : " Nihil 
 aequ£ eos terruit quam robur 
 
 imperatoris." Here JEqu£ is 
 in the place of tam : Nihil 
 tam ... quam.... Or quam 
 is, ** secundum earn rationem 
 secundum quam" 
 
 Quam, than. Cicero : " Con- 
 tra faciunt quam professi sunt." 
 Contra seems to be in the place 
 of " non tam." Hence Secus, 
 Aliter, &c. precede quam. Or 
 say the above sentence is put for : 
 " Contra earn rationem faciunt 
 quam professi sunt." Again, 
 after a comparative. Cicero : 
 " Nobis nihil est timendum 
 magis quam ille consul." Ma- 
 gis is in the place of tam : only 
 it expresses something more. 
 
 Quamde, for quam. So 
 Tamde for Tam. De is per- 
 haps Gr. ds. 
 
 Quamobrem, why. Quam ob 
 rem. 
 
 Quamplures, very many. That 
 is, how very many ! 
 
 Quamprimilm, as soon as pos- 
 sible. That is, tam primum 
 quam maxime\ 
 
 Quamquam, Quanquam, al- 
 though. Properly, howmuch- 
 soever. (See Quamvis.) The 
 accusative of quisquis. As 
 Quam is the accusative of Quis. 
 Quamvis, as much as you 
 will. That is, tam multum 
 quam vis. Hence, ever so much. 
 Cicero : " Quamvis prudens ad 
 cogitandum sis, tamen nisi" &c. 
 Be you ever so wary, yet &c. 
 Hence quamvis is although. 
 For we may translate it: Al- 
 though you be wary, yet &c. 
 Cicero : " Res bello gesserat, 
 quamvis reipublicae calamitosas, 
 attamen magnas." Be they ever 
 
QUA- 
 
 QUA 
 
 387 
 
 so, suppose them ever so, al- 
 though they be. So lisp, from 
 signifying Very, signifies Al- 
 though : 'Oktyo$ wep sow, 'Ayu- 
 Qo$ Trsg eoov. 
 
 Quando, when. For qua 
 endo, i. e. in qua re, parte, hora, 
 &c. So qua depends on via, 
 ratione, &c. So Scheller thinks 
 Unquam, that is, Unicam, to 
 depend on Partem or Rem. 
 Compare Quam. Quando is 
 also, seeing that, since. That 
 is, in qua re, in which case. 
 The Greeks say ho 9 i. e. hot o, 
 because. 
 
 Quandoque, for quandocun- 
 que (See Quicunque), at what- 
 ever time, whensoever. Also, 
 at one time or other. That is, 
 at some time whensoever that 
 shall be. Also, sometimes. That 
 is, at some times whensoever 
 those shall or do arrive. 
 
 Quantillus, how little. Fr. 
 quantulus. 
 
 Quantitas, quantity, &c. Fr. 
 quantus. 
 
 Quantulus, how little. Fr. 
 quantus. Ulus diminishes, as 
 in Parvulus : and is from Greek 
 — uXog. 1 
 
 Qua?itus, how great. Fr. 
 quam. For quamtus, 
 
 Quapropter, why. For qua- 
 propter, ox {ox quam propter rem. 
 
 Quare, on which account, &c. 
 De qua re. 
 
 Quartana, a quartan ague. 
 Fr. quartus. As returning every 
 fourth day. 
 
 Quartus, fourth. Fr. quater, 
 
 J Blomfield ad iEscbyl. Prom. 214. 
 
 whence quaterus, quatrus, quar- 
 tus. % Al. from quatuor. 
 
 Quasi, as if. For quamsi, as 
 Quapropter for Quampropter. 
 Cicero : " Qui, quasi sua res 
 agatur, ita diligenter morem ge- 
 runt." That is, ita or tarn dili- 
 genter quam si &c. Or quasi 
 is '•' ea. ratione qua si." 
 
 Qudsillus, a small wicker 
 basket. For kasillus, (as lin- 
 QUo for linKo,) from a word 
 cans or casus, derived from the 
 same source as casa, which see. 
 % Al. for quassillus (as Mam- 
 ma, Mamilla,) fr. quatio, quas- 
 si. From its shaking about. 4 
 
 Quasso, I shake about. Fr. 
 quatio, quatsum, quassum. 
 
 Quater, four times. From 
 iEol. TTETopoc, xsTOpot, whence 
 xerop, quetor. Or thus : reV- 
 <r<xpe$, TSTTCtpss, Tsrape, iEol. xs- 
 raps, xkjy.p, transp. xctrsp, qua- 
 ter. % Al. from quatuor. 
 
 Quatio, I shake. As from 
 
 (TV'J) is XUTOKTUCti, XUTCTVOI), XCUKTVOO, 
 
 I sew ; so from gsico, 1 shake, 
 xutcktsIco, may have been xut- 
 G-elco, xaa-asico. But from xao-~ 
 oslvo may have been also xctr- 
 rsicjo, (as nquXXa, npaTTco,) 
 whence quattio, quatio. % 
 Haigh : " Fr. xafle'eo, xa0%u, to 
 cast down, to cast." % Tooke : 
 " From Anglo-Sax. quacian or 
 cwacian" 
 
 Quatriduum, the space of 
 four days. So Biduum. 
 
 Quatuor, Quattuor, four. 
 
 Fr. TETTOgSC, TZTTOpe, iEol. X6T- 
 
 2 Al. from qualus. But qualus is ma- 
 nifestly shortened from quasillus. 
 
388 
 
 QUE- 
 
 QTJE 
 
 rops, xhroep, quettuer. A for 
 E, as in prAndium, mAgnus. 
 
 Que, and. From re, iEol. 
 xe, que. As from Tig, iEolic Klg, 
 is Quis. This derivation gives a 
 reason why que is postponed, 
 for so is re. 5T Al. from xod, 
 quae, short que. 
 
 Quemadmodum, in what man- 
 ner. Quern ad modum. 
 
 Queo, I am able. Fr. xi^eui, 
 (%£«>,) 1 come up to, attain, 
 " assequor." ^[ Or from (r^iaa, 
 same as e^w, I am able ; whence 
 squeo, queo. S dropt, as in 
 Capisterium from ZxaQia-rypiov, 
 and in Cio from X^vo. 1 
 
 Quercus, an oak. (e Fr. xep- 
 yaChkog, rough. For its bark is 
 rough." V. So Foreellini explains 
 it (inter alia) " arbor corticis 
 asp Em." KsgxaXeog then is 
 cut down to xepykog, xep^ovg. 
 Or quercus may be from a word 
 xsp%6eig, xepyoug, formed (like 
 xep^aXeog) from xepyj» or xep- 
 %aca, &> to render dry or rough. 
 ^jf Dacier : " From xa%pvg, an 
 acorn, knob. For the oak is 
 reckoned by Theophrastus 
 among (cachryphora) the plants 
 which bear acorns. Fr. x<x%pvg, 
 changed to xe%pug, xkp-/yg, is 
 quercus" 
 
 Querela, a complaint. Fr.que- 
 ror. Like Loquela. 
 
 Querimonia, a complaint. 
 Fr. queror. So Sanctimonia. 
 
 Quernus, oaken. For quer- 
 cinus. 
 
 Queror, I complain, lament. 
 Fr. xivvgopoti, cut down to xlpo- 
 
 } " Plainly from Arab, mp." V, 
 
 ju,ai, whence quiror, queror. 
 % Or from xepovpai fut. mid. of 
 xelgoo, I clip off, cut, that is, I 
 cut the hair or limbs in grief. 
 Somewhat as 6\c<p6pOfuti fr. 6\6it- 
 roo, o\o$x, to pluck or tear off. 
 And Herodotus has apQityvQeoLg 
 (fr. dpvTTTM, tisdpvtpci, to tear,) 
 for wailing, vi, 77. % Haigh : 
 " Fr. xrspog, a funeral : taking 
 away T." ^f Jamieson : " The 
 Suio-Goth. kara is exactly syno- 
 nymous with Lat. queri." The 
 old Germ, kirren, quirren, gir- 
 ren, gemere, queri, is compared 
 by Wachter, but referred by him 
 to queror. Wachter elsewhere 
 notices " Germ, keren, queri ; 
 and kar, grief. Anglo-Sax. ce- 
 arian, queri." 
 
 Querquedula, a teal. From 
 Gr. xepxeplg. Varro : " Item 
 alia? a Graecis, ut Querquedula, 
 Cerceris: Halcedo, Halcyon/' 
 If this is true, querquedula is 
 from gen. xepxeg&bg, whence 
 querqueridula, querquedula. % 
 Fr. xegxiQci\h)g, says Scaliger. 
 That is, xepxiQu\)g, xspx$ot\\g, 
 querquidula. But xepxiQa\X)g 
 is explained by Hesychius Igw- 
 liog, a heron. 2 
 
 Querquera febris is under- 
 stood to mean a fever attended 
 with chillness and quivering in 
 the limbs. Fr. xctpxupoo fut. of 
 xagxalgoo, to shake or tremble ; 
 though many understand xctgxotl- 
 
 2 Al. from querquerus, which some 
 translate shaking with cold, chill. (See 
 Querquerus.) From its making its appear- 
 ance in the beginning of the cold weather. 
 Varro : " Aut frigidos imbres aquaa 
 caduciter ruentis Praeinnuere aquatiles 
 querquedulce natantes." 
 
QUE- 
 
 QU 
 
 389 
 
 pa to mean to resound. Homer : 
 Kagxoups $s yoda. 7roh<r<riv 'Ogvu- 
 psvoQV. Festus : " Santra quer- 
 queram ex Grasco deducit, qui 
 TREMOitEM ejusmodi xupxctpov 
 dicunt." fl" Dacier : " Fr. xep- 
 Xakeog, explained by Hesychius 
 (rxK^gog, fapog, d^aXeog, rough, 
 dry, thirsty : all which agree 
 with a fever. Hence cerchelus, 
 cercherus, querquerus." fl" Al. 
 from xag^apog, rough, sharp, 
 acute. 
 
 Questus, a complaint. Fr. 
 queror, querstum, questum. 
 
 Qui, who, which. From xou 
 6, and he. Homer : 'O yap 
 y}\$s : For he came. Hence 
 quaio, quaoi, qui. % Or for ^mos, 
 quus, from xca og. <J Al. for 
 quos from %hg y iEol. xog. 
 
 Qui, by which. Formerly 
 perhaps quoi, from the Greek 
 termination m i. e. ooi, as in ho- 
 yco. Qui is also, how ? That is, 
 By what thing ? 
 
 Quid, because. Fr. xofy, xola, 
 explained by Donnegan, in what 
 manner ? how ? but capable of 
 being explained, for what reason, 
 why ? As Donnegan explains >? 
 not only How, but Why'? 
 Hence quoia, quia. If I say : 
 " I drink, because I am thirsty :" 
 this may be expressed thus : " I 
 drink — why ? — I am thirsty." 
 The A was shortened for rapi- 
 dity's sake, as in Puta. Quia- 
 nam means why ? ^[ Al. for xjj, 
 Dor. xa, whence quai, quia. 
 If Al. for qua-via, cut down to 
 quia. % Al. from qui, or Hebr. 
 hi. But whence the A? 
 
 Quicumque, whosoever. Cum 
 is perhaps alicum or aliquum, 
 
 as we have Aliquando. (See 
 Quondam.) Qui aliquum, he 
 who at any time. Que seems 
 the Gr. xs, as for quicumque 
 they say qvtis xs. Or it is the 
 same as que'm Absque, Uterque. 
 
 Quid, what? Allied to quis, 
 as Quod to Qui. ^f Or, if quis 
 is from rig, quid may be from ti 
 ds, tI §', rib*, iEol. xi&', as from 
 Tig, iEolic Kig, is Quis. 
 
 Quidam, a certain one. For 
 quisdam, i. e. aliquisdam. So 
 quoddam and quiddam are ali- 
 quoddum and aliquiddam. Darn 
 added, as in Quondam, and as 
 Dem in Pridem, Idem. Dam 
 may be formed from V civ. N 
 to M, as pouvctN, imisaM. 
 
 Quidem, indeed. It seems to 
 be properly a qualifying particle, 
 and to be put for quiddem, i. e. 
 aliquiddem, in some manner, 
 somewhat, somehow, (dem being 
 added, as in Idem, Pridem, &c.) 
 and to refer to some particular 
 case inapplicable to others. Cif 
 cero : " Misera est ilia quidem 
 consolatio, sed tamen necessa- 
 ria." Again : " Non video cau- 
 sam cur ita sit, hoc quidem tem- 
 pore." Forcellini explains it 
 here by Saltern. Plautus : 
 " Unum quidem hercle certum 
 promittotibi." Cicero: "Hoc 
 quidem certe manifestum erit." 
 
 Quies, repose, rest, quiet. Fr. 
 quieo, whence quiesco. 
 
 Quiesco, I repose, take rest. 
 Fr. quieo, (whence quievi,) fr. 
 xsioo, (xiea),) I lay down ; in a 
 neuter sense, 1 lay myself down, 
 1 lie down, like xs»/a«i. 
 
 Quietus, quiet, calm. Fr, 
 quies, quietis. 
 
;go 
 
 QUI 
 
 QUI 
 
 Quin> why not ? For qui ne c l 
 i. e. qui non ? In such senten- 
 ces also as, " Non dubito quin 
 sit venturus," quin is qui non, 
 i. e. cur non. Quin has a pe- 
 culiar sense in these sentences : 
 " Te nee hortor nee rogo ut 
 do.mum redeas. Quin hinc ipse 
 evolare cupio :" " Credibile 
 non est quantum scribam die. 
 Quin etiam noctibus : nihil enioi 
 sonmi:" " His miraculis nun- 
 quam ab ipso elusa fides est. 
 Quin potius aucta." Quin in 
 these seems to be a sudden turn 
 to answer a supposed questioner 
 of the propriety of what went 
 before : Qui non ? "Why 
 should I not say so ? — So far is 
 an objection to what I have said 
 just, that I will say yet further : 
 &c." Sometimes quin appears 
 to be put for quia ne, i. e. quia 
 non. Cicero : "Non quin ipse 
 dissentiam, sed quod " &c. 
 
 Quincunx, quincuncis, having 
 (qjuinque uncias) 5 ounces out 
 of 12. Generally, having 5 parts 
 out of a whole. Quincunx was 
 also a row or rank in this form : 
 
 •3r •?& ts* w 
 
 J£. J£* AU 
 
 / "TV" WW 
 
 * # * * 
 * # # 
 
 * # # * 
 
 " So called/' says Forcellini, 
 '* because each of its angles 
 made the figure of a V i. e. 
 five." Facciolati : " Rather, 
 because five ounces were thus 
 written formerly : 
 
 The mark of an ounce was «° , 
 
 or • , or A, or w. Hence a 
 Triens was written s ~"' w , or 
 S Z . A Quadrans If oT %> ." 
 
 Quincuplex, five-fold. For 
 quinqueplex, quinquplex. Or 
 quinqueplex, quinquuplex, as 
 scopUlus from <r)co7rEkog. 
 
 Quingenti, five hundred. 
 For quincenti, from quinquies 
 and centum. 
 
 Qiiini, five. For quinquini fr. 
 quinque. So Seni from Sex, &c. 
 
 Quinquatria, Quinquatrus, 
 uum, a festival of Minerva 
 which lasted (quinqtie) five days. 
 Festus says they were so called 
 as being celebrated the day after 
 the fifth of the Ides of March. 
 
 Quinque, five. Fr. 7rejfc7re, 
 five ; whence xspxs, (as onov and 
 oxov, oxoios and owoio.g, were said,) 
 quemque, quenque, (as quod- 
 cuMque, quodcuNque,) quin- 
 que, as TEyyoo, tlngo. 
 
 Quinquennis, of five years. 
 Fr. annus. 
 
 Quintilis, July. Fr. quintus. 
 The fifth month from March. 
 
 Quintus, fifth. For quinctus, 
 quinqtus, fr. quinque. 
 
 Quippe, because, for. Be- 
 cause forsooth. For quidpe. 
 Pe, as in Nempe. Quid, why ? 
 " I drink, because I am thirsty:" 
 for this we may say : " I drink 
 ■ — why ? — I am thirsty/' See 
 Quia. 
 
 Quirinus, Romulus. Sup- 
 posed to be called from curis, a 
 dart. (See Quirites.) That is, 
 hastarum potens. Others refer 
 it to xugioj, lord. And others 
 to the inhabitants of Cures of 
 whom he became king. Quiri- 
 nus having the same termination 
 
QUI- 
 
 •QUO 
 
 391 
 
 as Incolinus. Janus also was 
 called Quirimis. Suetonius : 
 " Janum Quirinum ter elusit." 
 Beroaldus : " Quasi bellorum 
 potentem. Ab hasta quam Sa- 
 bini curim vocant." 
 
 Quiris, a Sabine word for a 
 spear. Ovid : " Sive quod hasta 
 quiris priscis est dicta Sabinis." 
 These Sabine words generally 
 point to the Northern languages : 
 and Wachter notices that quiris 
 i. e. quir agrees with Germ. 
 wer, which signifies not only war 
 but arms. 
 
 Quirites, Romans. Supposed 
 to be called from their coales- 
 cing with the Cures, a Sabine 
 town. Others refer it to quiris, 
 a spear: Hastigeri. However, 
 with such names as Quirites 
 this work does not profess to 
 interfere. 
 
 Quirlto, I implore the aid 
 (Quiritium) of the Romans. 
 Hence, I implore, generally. 
 
 Quis, who ? From t/c, IEo\. 
 xt$. So Four was expressed by 
 both TsTTope and Kerrope, whence 
 Quatuor. ^F Al. from xoiog, 
 qualis ? Whence xolg, quois, 
 quis. ^f Wachter compares 
 Goth, hwas, and Jamieson 
 Mceso-Goth. quhas, 
 
 Quisnam, who ? That is, for 
 who ? Tig yap, 
 
 Quispiam, any one, some one. 
 For aliquispiam, piam being a 
 termination, as in Uspiam, Nus- 
 piam. Piam is perhaps from 
 7T*; or 7tw (7rctii t poi,) uv. N turned 
 to M, as poixruN, musaM. 
 
 Quisquam, any one. For 
 aliquisquam. Quam seems to 
 be a termination, as perhaps in 
 
 Neutiquam. It is possibly 
 formed from xuv, the Doric fern. 
 ace. of xog for nog : i. e. aliquo 
 ant ullo modo. Al. from xuv, 
 i. e. xu) «v. N to M, as $d\oN, 
 doluM. 
 
 Qjrisque, every one. Quis is 
 all quis. So Gr. ffg. Homer : 
 EO jw-ev Tig lopv 0>]J«a-0co, ev 8' acr- 
 nfoot Qeo-Qoo" Ev he Tig Sec. Clarke 
 translates Tig here '* quisque." 
 Que may be a termination, as 
 in Absque, Uterque. 
 
 Quisquilice, rubbish, riff-raff. 
 From a word xoo-xuXioti fr. o-xv\- 
 Aco, to tear in pieces ; fut. <txv\m, 
 redupl. xoo-xvXoo ; whence (from 
 pf. pass. xsxoQ-xvXpcti) is xocrxvK- 
 fuxrict, parings of leather, ^f Al. 
 from quisque. Quidquid obvium. 
 
 Quisquis, whosoever. Redu- 
 plication of quis. Who who ? 
 So o<Tog, as many as, is well sup- 
 posed by Parkhurst to be a re- 
 duplication of or. So Quotquot, 
 and Ut ut, and Ubi ubi. 
 
 Qiiivis, any one you please. 
 Quern vis. Or quivis is quisvis 
 (for we find quidvis), i. e. ali- 
 quis quern vis. 
 
 Quo, whither? See E6. 
 
 Quoad, as far as. Ad quo. 
 See Aded. 
 
 Quocirca, wherefore. See 
 Idcirco. 
 
 Quod, which (thing). For 
 xui o 8e, xai o V. See^Qui and 
 Qua?. Or quod is for quud from 
 qui, as illE, illUD ; istE, is- 
 tUD. But quud is rather for 
 quod: as lllud for Illod. 
 
 Quod, because. That is, 
 propter quod. As Gr. dib, i. e. 
 oY o. So o is said singly. 
 
 Quondam, at any time ; at 
 
392 
 
 QUO 
 
 RAB 
 
 some time, or sometimes, when- 
 soever it may be. At some past 
 time, formerly. " That is, quo- 
 dam tempore." F. Rather, for 
 quomdam, i. e. quumdam, i. e. 
 aliquumdam. Aliquum, like 
 aliquando, at some time. See 
 Quicumque and Quidam. 
 
 Qubuiam, since. For quom- 
 jam, quonjam, quoniam, as et- 
 Jam, etlam. Jam quom or 
 quum, since now. 
 
 Quoque, also. For quoique, 
 i. e. cui-que. Cut et hoc ac- 
 cedat. O made short for rapidi- 
 ty of speaking, as A in Quasi. 
 
 Quorsum, towards what place, 
 to what end. For quoversum. 
 Quo versum. So Retrorsum, 
 &c. 
 
 Quot, how many. Quot . . . 
 tot . . . : how many ... so many 
 . . . From 7roVa, iEol. xcVa, 
 (as oKcoc for ollwc ; &c.) and 
 xoTcc, as Tu was the iEolic form 
 of 2v, nptxTToo of Trpu^Soo. 
 From xotu, kot is quot. ^f Or 
 rather, as we find iroSSvifiap, 
 quot is from woWa, JEol. xo'tt«, 
 JdoVrV 
 
 Quotannis, every year. That 
 is, singulis amiis quotquot sunt. 
 
 Qubtidie, (Cotidie, dropping 
 the U, as Quum, Cum,) daily. 
 Short for quotidi.es. That is, 
 singulos dies quotquot sunt. 
 See Quotannis. ^J Al. for quoto 
 die. 
 
 Qttoties, Quotiens, how often. 
 Fr. quot. 
 
 Quotquot, how many soever. 
 See Quisquis. 
 
 Quot us, how many. Fr. quot. 
 Or from kotto$. See Quot. 
 Also, what in number, and so as 
 
 well how few, as how many. 
 " Hora quota est ? " what num- 
 ber is the hour ? 
 Quum : See Cum. 
 
 R. 
 
 Rdbidus, mad. Fr. rabio, as 
 Rapio, Rapidus. 
 
 Rabies, madness of dogs ; 
 madness. Fr. rabio, as Specio, 
 Species. 
 
 Rabio, Rabo, I am mad as a 
 dog, am mad. Rabo is from 
 ap7raco, ag7rcu, I seize ; whence 
 rapo, rabo, and rabio, like rapio. 
 For a mad dog seizes at every 
 thing. Wachter mentions u So- 
 rab. rabu, Germ, rauberi, ra- 
 pio." ' 
 
 Rabo, a token. For arrhabo. 
 
 Rabula, a wrangler, brawler, 
 forward noisy speaker. From 
 rabo, I am furious. Like 
 Radula from Rado. Gellius: 
 " Clamator tantum, et facundift 
 rabidd jurgiosaque pollens." 
 Seneca : " Clamosi rabiosa fori 
 jurgia vendens improbus, iras et 
 verba locat." % Al. from pa^oo, 
 to bark. Dacier : " Nam ve- 
 rius rabulam latrare dixeris 
 quam loqui : quare et eorum 
 facundia canina etiam dicta." 
 ^f Al. for ravula fr. ravus, 
 hoarse. But RA should be long. 
 
 Rabulana pix, pitch of a 
 color approaching to yellow. 
 For ravulaua fr. ravus. But 
 the word is doubtful. So 
 
 1 Al. from fidfa, to snarl, bark. But 
 whence is B in rabo ? f Al. from f>a- 
 PcLttid, to go up and down stamping with 
 the feet. 
 
RAB- 
 
 RAM 
 
 393 
 
 Rabuscula vitis, is explained 
 a vine having leaves of a tawny 
 color. For ravuscula fr. ravus. 
 
 Rdclmor, I glean after a vint- 
 age. Racemos colligo praeteri- 
 tos. 
 
 Racemus: See Appendix. 
 
 Radio, I cast out (radios) 
 beams or rays, glitter, shine. 
 
 Radius, a rod or staff used in 
 mensuration, &c. From pa/3- 
 liov, a small rod ; whence paViov. 
 We have nervUS from vevgON. 
 Radius is also a ray or beam 
 shot from the sun, long and 
 pointed like a rod. Also, the 
 spoke' of a wheel. A weaver's 
 shuttle. " As terminating each 
 way in a point." F. Also, a 
 prick or thorn on the tail of the 
 skate. A cock's spur. And a 
 kind of long or oblong olive. 
 
 Radix, a root. " Fr. pa8ȣ . 
 But pa&ij is a branch or twig. 
 True : but, as the higher part of 
 a tree spreads out into branches, 
 so the lower part spreads out 
 into fibres and little branches." 
 V. " Ex ram is fiunt radices," 
 adds Isaac Vossius. Ainsworth 
 says : " \Pa&<£ est ramus i in- 
 ferior." Whence did he get 
 this information ? % " An ab 
 aph%, ab afi», humecto," says 
 Is. Vossius. Because the tree, 
 I suppose, derives its moisture 
 from the roots. % The Danish 
 is roed, allied to which is our 
 root. 
 
 Radix, a radish. " Per ex- 
 cellentiam, quia ejus usus in 
 radice praecipuus." F. 
 
 Rado 9 I graze, rub, scrape, 
 shave ; I coast along, i. e. al- 
 most graze the coast. I glide 
 Etym. 
 
 along. Bailey compares Mil- 
 ton : u Shaves with liquid 
 wing the deep." From xg«w, 
 whence %pauw, I graze ; hence 
 Xp&fyv, and (dropping the gut- 
 tural) paS>jv, whence rado. Com- 
 pare ten Do, morDeo, roDo, 
 afjisgJco. Our verb To grate 
 may be allied. % Al. from xs- 
 Xupadct pf. mid. of xotgua-o-a), to 
 carve. Hence a verb %otgc$eco, 
 XFgoifiw, whence rado, as Lac- 
 tis from laAaxTO?. Wachter : 
 " Hebr. gar ad, sculpsit. Gr. 
 XupocTToo, sculpo. Rado often 
 means scalpo, seco." ' 
 
 Rata, a ray or skate. " From 
 Celt, rae" Ainsw. 
 
 Ralla, a thin fine garment. 
 Fr. rara, rarula, ralla. From 
 its thin texture. ^f Tooke : 
 " From Anglo-Sax. ragel, to 
 cover." 
 
 Rallum, a ploughstaff by 
 which the earth is scraped from 
 the share. Fr. rado, whence 
 radulum, rallum. 
 
 Ramale, a useless or withered 
 (ramus) branch. 
 
 Ramentum, a little piece 
 scraped from any thing, a chip, 
 filing. Fr. rado, whence radi- 
 mentum, ramentum. So Mo- 
 mentum, &c. 
 
 Rarnex, a rail or bar set across 
 a pale or gate. As being a long 
 (ramus) branch. Also, a rup- 
 ture or hernia. As Hernia is 
 from "Epvos, a branch, shoot. 
 " From its protruding forward 
 
 1 Al. from p&ffcru, apfoffto, ap&TTta, 
 which Wachter explains " scindo, seco." 
 But these verbs mean rather to dash and 
 break in pieces. 
 
 3 D 
 
394 
 
 RAM' 
 
 RAS 
 
 like a bud." Tt. fii The part 
 displaced seems to form a branch 
 in its elongation/' says Morin. 
 See Hernia. Also, the veins 
 of the lungs and breast. " jR«- 
 morum instar diducuntur: et, 
 cum vocem aut spiritum inten- 
 dimus, intiantur." F. 
 
 Ramnes, the knights. They 
 were properly one of the three 
 first centuries of Roman knights, 
 called Ramnenses, Luceres, Ta- 
 tienses. 
 
 Ramus , a branch. Fr. opafjt,- 
 vo;, as Remus from 'EpsTfjt,b$, 
 and our Rice from Oryza. That 
 is, from 'pajw-voj, ramnus, r ani- 
 mus. If Al. from paSa^xvoj, a 
 flexible branch. 
 
 Rana, a frog. Fr. Qgvvrj, a 
 toad ; (dropping <p,)puvYi ; whence 
 rana, as xTvo$, cAnis. % Al. 
 from yepvvos, (yguvo$,) frog- 
 spawn. If " From Hebr. ra- 
 nah, to croak.'* Tt. Or fr. ra- 
 vus, hoarse; hence ravina, rana. 
 ^f *' From Celt, ran" Ainsw. 
 
 Rana, a swelling in the 
 tongues of beasts. '* From its 
 resemblance to a frog. Or be- 
 cause it makes the patient croak 
 like a frog." Tt. If Turton 
 knew that the first reason was a 
 fact, why should he go to a 
 worse ? I fear to trust him. 
 However, the Gr. jSar^a^oj is 
 explained by Donnegan : " a 
 tumor under the tongue, im- 
 peding articulate utterance." 
 
 Ranceo : See Appendix. 
 
 Rancldus, affected. Fr. ran- 
 ceo. See Putidus. 
 
 Ranunculus, crow- foot. Fr. 
 rana, as Gr. ^a.rpot^iov. *' It 
 seems to be called from its 
 
 growing in places where frogs 
 abound." F. 1 
 
 Rdpax, ravenous. Fr. rapio. 
 As Fugio, Fugax. 
 
 Rdphdnus, a radish. The 
 singular punishment with a ra- 
 dish. 'Pu<Ptxvo$, 
 
 Rdpidus, rapid. Fr. rapio. 
 As Gelidus, Frigidus. Said 
 properly of torrents seizing and 
 bearing down quickly every thing 
 with them. Compare 'PlpQct 
 from Phroo. 
 
 Rdpina, robbery. Fr. rapio. 
 As Ruo, Ruina. 
 
 Rapio, I snatch, seize. Fr. 
 agTraco, transp. pontuo). ^f Tooke: 
 " From Anglo-Sax. reqfian, ra- 
 pere." Wachter: "Allied are 
 Arab, raphaa, Sorab. rabu, 
 Anglo-Sax. reqfian, bereqfian, 
 (bereave), Germ, raubefi, (rob)." 
 
 Rapto, I seize. Fr. rapio, 
 raptum. 
 
 Rapum, Rapa, a turnip. Fr. 
 poa:vg and poupvg. 
 
 Rarb, seldom. That is, thin- 
 ly. Fr. rarus. 
 
 Rarus, thin, not close or thick, 
 scanty. Referred to time, scarce, 
 seldom occurring. Fr. apoub$, 
 upuos, whence araus, araRus, 
 (as pwcracov, musaRum,) rarus, 
 as *Agov(ja, Rura ; 'Epsrpbs, 
 Remus. 
 
 Rastrurn, a hoe, rake, harrow, 
 drag to break clods. Fr. rado, 
 rasum, as Clausum, Claustrum. 
 Rado, I shave, rub. It is used 
 
 1 So also Turton in Ranunculus. But 
 under Batrachium he says : " From its 
 likeness to a frog." I fear such contra- 
 dictions are indications of ignorance of 
 his subject. 
 
RAT- 
 
 RE 
 
 395 
 
 with Marra. Pliny has " her- 
 bam marris ad solum radere." 
 If Al. from puicrrog, (pomrog,) 
 broken to pieces. This suits 
 well some senses of rastrum. 
 
 Ratarice, lighters, barges. 
 " Perhaps as having the form of 
 the ratis" F. 
 
 Ratio seems to mean the act 
 or consequence (rendi) of think- 
 ing and judging. Fr. reor, ra- 
 tus. JNepos: " Utilissimum 
 raius impendentem vitare tem- 
 pestatem." Hence ratio is the 
 reason of man, rationality. 
 Hence it means also reflect- 
 ing, reasoning, arguing, and sig- 
 nifies an argument or dispute. 
 Also a determination or plan 
 of action, intention, purpose, 
 scheme, thought upon and cho- 
 sen after reflection. Caesar : 
 " In praesentia Pompeii inse- 
 quendi rationem omittit: in 
 Hispaniam proficisci consti- 
 tuit." Also, a plan, expe- 
 dient, way, manner of bringing 
 about an object, resolved on by 
 reflection and judgment. Ne- 
 pos : " Ad hunc interficiendum 
 talem iniit rationem" Also, a 
 plan, mode, method. Cicero : 
 " Splendida dicendi ratio." 
 Also, a cause, reason, motive, 
 supposing judgment and reflec- 
 tion. Cicero : " Cur sic opi- 
 netur, rationem subjicit." Also, 
 a reckoning, calculation, ac- 
 count, which is one with thinking 
 and judging. Horace: " Lon- 
 gis rationibus assem In partes 
 centum diducere." That is, 
 by long calculations. Seneca : 
 " Ponitis rationem singulorum, 
 quibus pecuniam credituri 
 
 estis." You make calculations 
 respecting. Hence rationes red- 
 do, refero, I give in my accounts. 
 Also, an estimation, valuing, 
 regard, respect. And propor- 
 tion. Cicero : M Pro ratione 
 pecuniae liberalius est Brutus 
 tractatus quim Pompeius." 
 The Latins said Rata portio. 
 % Wachter refers ratio to Goth. 
 rathjo, Germ, rat, rede, Anglo- 
 Sax, rad, red, rad. 
 
 Ratiocinor, I consider, rea- 
 son ; calculate, compute. Fr. 
 ratio. As Sermo, Sermocinor. 
 
 Rdtis : See Appendix. 
 
 Rdtitus, stamped with the 
 figure of a ratis. 
 
 Rdtus, thinking, judging. 
 See Reor. Also, in a passive 
 sense, judged, decreed, deter- 
 mined, established by law, rati- 
 fied, fixed, valid. Rata pars, 
 or portio, a proportion deter- 
 mined on, fixed on. " Certa et 
 determinata." F. 
 
 Rauca, an earthworm injuri- 
 ous to the roots of trees. " Ex 
 colore ravo" says Ainsworth. 
 That is, as raucus is formed 
 perhaps from ravus in the sense 
 of hoarse, so it is in the sense of 
 tawny, &c. 
 
 Raucus, hoarse. Fr. ravus, 
 whence ravicus (as Teter, Tetri- 
 cus), and raucus, as Aviceps, 
 Auceps. If Al. from xgctvyYj, 
 a bawling. For craucus. 
 
 Raudus, eris, 
 
 Ravus, hoarse, 
 
 Ravus, tawny, 
 
 Re — , back. Fr. retro. Re- 
 moveo, I move back, withdraw, 
 remove. So Recedo, I go back, 
 recede. Hence Repono is, I 
 
396 
 
 REA- 
 
 REC 
 
 lay back in a retired part, lay 
 by. Re — is also, again, in return : 
 as in Reddo. So we say To 
 give back. Hence re — ex- 
 presses reciprocation. Hence 
 re — is, against. Pugno, I fight; 
 Repugno, I fight so as to give 
 back the blow of one who fights. 
 So Rebello, Resisto, Reluctor. 
 From signifying against or in 
 opposition, re — gives a con- 
 trary sense to a word. Claudo, 
 1 shut; Recludo, I open. Or 
 this sense flows from that of 
 reciprocation. Also, again, a 
 second time. Waller: " This 
 Caesar found, and that ungrate- 
 ful age With losing him went 
 back to blood and rage." So 
 Repuerasco is to go back to 
 childhood, to become a child 
 again. Re — is also anew. Re- 
 novOy I bring a thing back to 
 its old state and make it new 
 again. Again and again, often, 
 as in Repeto. 
 
 Reapse, in very deed. For 
 re eapse, Festus : " Eapse, ed 
 ipsa." Eapse was put for 
 eapsd, for brevity's sake. Or 
 regard was had to Gr. a|/6, 
 whence ipse. 
 
 Reatus, the state (rei) of one 
 accused. 
 
 Rtbello, I wage (bellum) war 
 against. See Re — . Forcellini 
 thinks it means properly, to wage 
 war again. 
 
 Rtbito, I return. See Beto. 
 
 Rtcdpitulo, I recapitulate. 
 That is, I go back again so as 
 to state the (capita) heads of 
 my argument. 
 
 Recens, rtcentis, fresh, new. 
 From re and cando, (whence 
 
 Candeo,) cantum, as Tendo, 
 Tentum. As said of things 
 made white and shining again. 
 Or say recens is for recandis, re- 
 cendis, recends, recens. 1 
 
 Rechamus : See Appendix. 
 
 Recidivus, recovering, restor- 
 ed. Fr. cadivus. Re opposes. 
 See Re — . 
 
 Recinium : See Ricinium. 
 
 Recipero : See Recupero. 
 
 Reciprocus, alternate, recipro- 
 cal. Fr. reciproco. From re- 
 cipero, recipro, I take in turn. 
 Somewhat as Praesto, Praesto- 
 lor. Or reciprocus is from re- 
 cipero, whence recipericus, (as 
 Tetrus, Tetricus), recipricus. 
 Then I into O, somewhat as 
 U for I in Recupero for Reci- 
 pero. fl Al. from re, and proco ; 
 that is, I demand back. Ci 
 being supposed to be inserted 
 here, and in Incitega, Conci- 
 pilo. But no reason is given 
 for this insertion. 
 
 Rtcito, I read aloud. Fr. 
 cito, I call to witness. Said 
 properly of barristers calling 
 to their aid manuscripts, wills, 
 &c. by way of testimony. Re 
 implies going back to past times. 
 Also, I say by heart. That is, 
 I call back to my memory. 
 
 Recludo, I open. See Re — . 
 
 Recoctus, well-practised, ex- 
 pert. Francis : " Properly, 
 double-dyed, who has fully taken 
 
 1 Others bring recentis from kpoi\evTos, 
 transp. pecrfievros, (as Rapio from 'Ap- 
 iraw), fiearjvTos. Hesychius explains 
 epafeis by veapbs, new. And, if recens 
 were written resens, this derivation 
 would be excellent. % Al. from re and 
 Koavhs, (koivs,) new. 
 
REC*- 
 
 REC 
 
 397 
 
 his color." i?£,asinRepeto. But 
 the word is differently understood. 
 
 Recolo, I prune or dress or 
 cultivate afresh. See Re — . 
 Hence, I renew generally. 
 Hence I call back to my mind, 
 bring to my remembrance. 
 
 Recordor, I call back to my 
 mind. Fr. cor, cordis. In cor 
 revoco, I recal to my feelings 
 and affections. 
 
 Recreo, I renew ; I recruit, 
 refresh, renew my exhausted 
 powers. Properly, 1 create 
 again. So Reficio. 
 
 Recta, a tunic wrought by 
 one standing (recto) upright. 
 "Salmasius docet duplicem fu- 
 isse texendi modum : aherum 
 quo stantes, et subtemen sur- 
 sum versum seu in altitudinem 
 spath& impellentes, texebant: 
 alterum, quo sedentes, et pectine 
 deorsum versus et in inferiorem 
 partem subtemen trudentes den- 
 sabant. Priori modo suspensis 
 ponderibus rectum stamen ex- 
 tendebant: idque fuit tela recta, 
 ex qua recta tunica? dictae sunt." 
 F. 
 
 Rector, a ruler. Fr. rego, 
 rectum. 
 
 Rectus, stretched out straight, 
 straight forward, direct ; being 
 directly upward, perpendicular. 
 Right, proper, correct, i. e. not 
 crooked or twisted, but straight 
 as it should be. 1 Horace has 
 
 1 " Recta coeua est lauta, intcgro appa- 
 ratu iustructa, quam ditiores dare sole- 
 bant clientibus et salutatoribus, ab ovo 
 usque ad mala legitimis ferculis eos be- 
 nigne excipientes et liberaliter. Nam 
 sordidi, loco integri rectique convivii, 
 sportulam praebebant ; quas, quamvis 
 coenae nomine daretur, non tamen coenam 
 integram, sed partem coenae continebat." 
 
 " curvo discernere rectum" 
 Our word Wrong is properly 
 Twisted from To Wring, i. e. 
 twist. So the French Tort, 
 wrong, is Tortus. And Droit, 
 right, is Directus. Of correct 
 manners or morals, upright, 
 honest. The Northern reckt, 
 richt, right, &c. are properly 
 referred by Wachter and Tooke 
 to rectus, which is for regtus 
 from rego, the same as dirigo. 2, 
 
 Recula, a little thing, &c. 
 Fr. res, rei, as Spes, Specula. 
 
 Recupero, Recipero, I get 
 back, recover. Fr. recipere, 
 whence recipero. Recupero, as 
 occUpo. Considero, Desidero, 
 Tolero, are similarly formed 
 from Considere, Desidere, To- 
 lere. fl" Al. from re and paro ; 
 whence repero, recipero : as CI 
 is thought to be added in Reci- 
 procus, Incitega, Concipilo. 
 
 Recuso, I refuse. Fr. causa. 
 That is, I allege reasons against. 
 See Excuso. 
 
 Recutitus, having (cutem) the 
 skin grown again. But, when 
 
 Thus Forcellini : who states a different 
 reason on the words of Suetonius : Con- 
 vivabatur et assidue, nee unquatn nisi 
 rectd : " Rectam hie ideo vocari putant, 
 quia ordine discumbentibus praeberetur; 
 cum sportulae sine drdine ac discrimine 
 promiscue clientibus auferendae objice- 
 rentur." 
 
 2 This is a pretty clear proof that 
 the northern nations took this word from 
 the Latins, and not vice versa. A useful 
 work might be written by accumulating 
 such proofs. I now go to the Greeks. 
 Wachter states that Germ, losen, Engl. 
 hose, is allied to Gr. \ieiv, \vacu, Kiais. 
 Is not the S a plain indication that the 
 northern words are from the Greek, since 
 2 does not appear in the present of At5w, 
 but comes into the future merely as a 
 temporal adjunct ? 
 
398 
 
 RED- 
 
 RED 
 
 it is applied to the circumcised 
 Jews, re seems to mean the 
 same as in Recludo, and to give 
 an opposite sense. Forcellini 
 understands it thus : " Cui pras- 
 putium prafcisum fuit : quia eo 
 loci cutis quidem utcunque re- 
 fecta est, glandem tamen non 
 amplius tegit, cum sit ilia bre- 
 vier." 
 
 Redamo, I love in return. 
 Soft for rearno, as Reeo, Redeo. 
 But why should D be chosen ? 
 Perhaps, for T in Retro. So 
 Retro-do, Ret-do, Reddo ; Re- 
 tro-liquia?, Ret-liquia?, Relli- 
 quiae. 
 
 Reddo, I give back. See 
 Redamo. 
 
 Redemtor, a contractor, un- 
 dertaker, farmer of the public 
 taxes. Fr. redimo, redemtus. 
 Emo is to take, to take on one- 
 self. And re denotes the re- 
 turn or gain made in return for 
 such an undertaking. 
 
 Redeo,! return. See Redamo. 
 
 Redigo, I drive or force back, 
 repulse. Fr. ago. See Redamo. 
 Also, 1 force a person who 
 wishes to go {retro) back, I 
 bring forcibly, as in Redigo sub 
 potestatem, &c. 
 
 Redirniculum, a fillet, rib- 
 and. Fr. redimio. 
 
 Redimioy 1 bind, crown. For 
 redimicio from amicio, taken in 
 its pure sense of amjicio, I cast 
 round. ^[ Al. for redipio from 
 re and apio, I bind, % Al. 
 from re and depu, a binding. 
 % Al. from re-am-eo. 
 
 Redimo, I buy back or in re- 
 turn. Fr. emo. Also, I con- 
 tract for. See Redemtor. 
 
 Reditus, a yearly return, pro- 
 fit or produce. " Quia quot- 
 annis reditu F. 
 
 Redivia, Reduvla, a whitlow. 
 Redivia for reduvia, and this 
 for reluvia, as meDitor is re- 
 ferred to peteTobfioti. Festus 
 says that some call it r eluvium. 
 Turnebus : " Est reduvia quum 
 se reluit ac resolvit cutis circa 
 ungues." So Diluo, Diluvies. 
 Or we will suppose that these 
 words are put for rediluvia, fr. 
 rediluo, formed somewhat like 
 Redivivus. Then we have re- 
 divia or reduvia, according as 
 we reject LU or IL. Again: 
 Sidonius calls u reduvias esca- 
 rum" the remnants of food stick- 
 ing in teeth. That is, escae quae 
 reluuntur. He calls " redu- 
 vias conchyliorum" fragments of 
 shells thrown up by the sea. 
 As being in a state of resolution. 
 Some read reluvias. 
 
 Redivivus, springing up again. 
 Qui redit ad earn conditionem 
 ut vivat. 
 
 Redo, some fish in the Mo- 
 selle, mentioned by Ausonius. 
 Probably a Gallic word. See 
 Alosa. 
 
 Reductus, sequestered. That 
 is, removed back. So Repono. 
 
 Redundo, L overflow. Taken 
 from (undce) waters checked in 
 their course and going back in 
 consequence of being too co- 
 pious to flow down the channel. 
 Virgil: " Ceu pingui flumine 
 Nilus Cum refluit campis." 
 Forcellini supposes re here to 
 mean " valde," without assign- 
 ing a reason. 
 
 Reduvia : See Redivia. 
 
RED 
 
 REG 
 
 399 
 
 Redux, reducis, who has re- 
 turned safe. That is, one whom 
 some conveyance (reducit) brings 
 back. So we have Dicax from 
 Dico, Ediico from Duco, &c. 
 Redux is also, bringing back 
 safe. 
 
 Refello, I refute. Fr. fallo, 
 which is fr. <r$<x\Kw t I upset. 
 1f Al. from fello, as. " Cum 
 fello propria sit, mammam su- 
 go : refello est, ex ore exspuo, 
 respuo, rejicio. Unde trans- 
 late dicitur pro, ostendere falsa 
 esse quae dicta sunt." F. 
 
 Refero, I represent, resemble. 
 That is, I bear the counter 
 mark, a mark corresponding to 
 another. So Refulgeo. See 
 Re—. 
 
 Refert, is of importance or 
 concernment, is conducive to 
 the interests of. Properly, it 
 leads back, carries us back, to 
 such a point. Plautus : " Quam 
 ad rem istuc refert V So Gr. 
 «ru/jKfilps*, $ict<pspei. So, It is 
 Important from Importo. Re 
 seems to be lengthened, because 
 refert is put for retro-fert, ret- 
 fert. See Redamo. Some 
 suppose refert put for res fert. 
 But refert has often a nomina- 
 tive expressed. Lucretius : 
 " Usque adeo magni refert stu- 
 dium atque voluntas." Others 
 refer it to refert, or reifert. 
 
 Refert us, stuffed. Fr. far- 
 cio. 
 
 Refixus, taken down. Re 
 expresses the contrary. See 
 Re—. 
 
 Refractdrius, refractory. Fr. 
 frango. " Tanquam obstantia 
 refringens." F. 
 
 Refragor, I oppose. The 
 opposite of suffragor, which 
 see. 
 
 Refriva faba. Pliny : " Nam- 
 que fabam e frugibus referre 
 mos est auspicii causa, quae 
 ideo refriva appellator." So that 
 refriva is for referiva, (as Cado, 
 Cadiva,) which some read. Fes- 
 tus : " JElius dubitat an ea sit 
 qua? prolata in segetem domum 
 referatur, an quae refrigatur, 
 quod est, torreatur." In the 
 latter case refriva is for refri- 
 giva. 
 
 Refulgeo, I send back or 
 reflect a shining brightness. 
 
 Refuto, I refute. See Futo. 
 
 Rtgaviolus, a wren. Others 
 think it a witwal!. Fr. rex, re- 
 gis, and avis. Rex avium. 
 So the wren was called /3a<n- 
 \l<rx.oi. 
 
 Regia, a palace. That is, 
 regia domus. 
 
 Regilla vestis. Supposed by 
 Forcellini and others to come 
 from recta, whence rectilla, re- 
 cilla, regilla. % Some under- 
 stand it a royal robe, fr. rex, 
 regis. If Tooke : " From the 
 Anglo-Sax. rcegel, to cover." 
 
 Regina, a queen. Fr. rex, 
 regis. Ina, as in Fodina. 
 
 Regio, a portion or tract of 
 land, district. " Quia per par- 
 tes seu provincias terra regi- 
 tur." F. Also, a part or quar- 
 ter of the city of Rome. A 
 quarter of the world, a clime. 
 E regione is, directly opposite 
 to. For the part immediately 
 opposite to a tract of country is 
 that just out of or beyond it. 
 Hence it seems to be that ** E 
 
400 
 
 REG- 
 
 ■REL 
 
 regione " means in a direct line. 
 Cicero : " Ut cum duo indivi- 
 dua per inanitatem ferantur, 
 alterum e regione moveatur, 
 alterum declinet." The one 
 moves in the direction just facing 
 it. 
 
 Regius, royal. Fr. rex, re- 
 gis. 
 
 Regno, I reign. Fr. reg- 
 num. 
 
 Regnum, a kingdom. For 
 reginum fr. rex, regis. 
 
 Rego, I stretch out straight. I 
 move in a straight line. Lucan : 
 " Tela regent per viscera Caesa- 
 ris." I lead straight on, as a ship, 
 horses, &c. Hence, I guide, di- 
 rect ; and hence, I govern, rule. 
 Fr. ogsyco, 'peyw, I stretch forth. 
 So opeyopca is to thrust forwards 
 a spear and wound. This pri- 
 mary sense of rego is clear in 
 the compounds Porrigo, Di- 
 rigo, Surgo, in Rectus the par- 
 ticiple of Rego, and in Regula. 
 The O is dropt in 'Opeyoo, as in 
 Remus and Ramus. Other 
 languages however afford words 
 cognate with rego and opsyco. 
 " Recken, (Germ.), tendere, ex- 
 tendere, expandere. Hebr. ra- 
 kag, Goth, rakjan, Franc, recc- 
 hen, Iceland, reckia." W. ^[ 
 " Caninius deduces rego for ra- 
 go fr. apxco, transp. potx 00 ' *^ u ~ 
 nius from the Babylonian rac, a 
 king." V. But these deriva- 
 tions do not at all agree with 
 the primary senses of rego. 
 
 Regula, a square or ruler by 
 which lines (reguntur) are led 
 straight on. Hence a pattern, 
 rule, example. So from Tego 
 is Tegula, 
 
 Regularis, regular. That is, 
 according to (regulam) rule. 
 
 Regulus, a petty king. Fr. 
 rex, regis. 
 
 Reiculus, Rejiculus, worth- 
 less, vile. Fr. rejicio. Dignus 
 rejici. Virgil has Reice for 
 Rejice : " Pascentes a flumine 
 reice capellas." 
 
 Relativa pronomina, relative 
 pronouns. Fr. refero, relatum. 
 Scheller : '* They refer gene- 
 rally to a word preceding, but 
 sometimes to one which is to 
 follow. As Qui, Is." " Qua? 
 antecedens nomen quodammodo 
 referunt, et velut in memoriam 
 reducunt." F. 
 
 Relego, I send out of the 
 way to a retired place, banish. 
 Fr. lego, I send. 
 
 Relicinus : See Appendix. 
 Relicuus, for reliquus. 
 Religio, Relligio, scruple, 
 fear in a religious sense, a scru- 
 pulous fear of offending the 
 Gods. Pliny : " Subit tacita re- 
 ligio animos." Awe and venera- 
 tion towards the Gods, piety, re- 
 ligion. Scrupulousness caused 
 by the obligation of duty ; exact- 
 ness, delicacy, sincerity, faith. 
 Fr. religo, avi, to bind and 
 keep back. Qua inhibemur 
 quippiam facere. Servius : 
 " Religio, metus, ab eo qudd 
 mentem deliget." Lactantius : 
 " Hoc pietatis vinculo obstricti 
 Deo et religati sumus. Unde 
 ipsa religio nomen accepit ; 
 non, ut Cicero interpretatus est, 
 a relegendo." Herald : " Quod 
 res divinae et humanam vim su- 
 perantes horrorem injiciant ani- 
 mosque quasi teneant constric- 
 
REL- 
 
 REO 
 
 401 
 
 tos. ,, ^[ Or retigio is from re- 
 licio, fr. lacio, to draw back, 
 SiirepuKCQ. % Cicero : " Qui 
 omnia, quae ad cultum Deorum 
 pertinerent, diligenter retracta- 
 rent et tanquam relegerent, dic- 
 ti sunt religiosi ex relegendo." 
 
 Religiosus, inspiring awe, 
 venerable. Scrupulous, con- 
 scientious. Religious. Fr. re- 
 ligio. 
 
 Reliquia, remains. Fr. re- 
 liquus. E long, as I in Italia. 
 Or see Redamo. 
 
 Rtliquor, 1 am in arrears. 
 " Reliqua debeo, reliquis ob- 
 noxics sum/' F. 
 
 Reliquus, remaining. Fr. re- 
 liquo, relinquo, as Fragilis from 
 Frango, Frago. 
 
 Reluctor, i struggle against. 
 See Re — . 
 
 Remasse, to return. For re- 
 medsse. But the reading is very 
 dubious. 
 
 Remediam, a remedy. Fr. 
 medeor. Re means bringing 
 back to health. 
 
 Remeligo, a fish said to stay 
 the course of a ship by sticking 
 to its keel. Fr. jxeAAco, to de- 
 lay. But this word rests on 
 the testimony of Festus. In 
 Plaut. Casin. 4, 3, 6, which he 
 adduces, the edd. read other- 
 wise. 
 
 Rtmex, remigis, a rower. 
 Qui remum agit. Or, qui remo 
 agit navem. 
 
 RemtgOf I row. See Re- 
 mex. 
 
 Remmiscor, I call to mind. 
 See Memini. 
 
 Rcmitto, I let go back, let 
 loose, slacken ; I give up, per- 
 Etym. 
 
 mit; I pardon, like Condono; 
 I dispense with ; I let go, for- 
 bear, desist. See Omitto, Prae- 
 termitto. 
 
 Remoro. a fish which sticks 
 to a ship and retards its pro- 
 gress. Fr. mora, 
 
 Rtmotus, remote. That is, 
 moved far back. See Reduc- 
 tus. 
 
 Remulco, I tow a ship. Fr. 
 pvfj.ovh.xsu), pvy,ov/\.xu). 
 
 Remulcus, a rope to tow a 
 ship with. Fr. remulco. Or 
 from a word pvpovXxog. 
 
 Rtmuria, days kept sacred to 
 Remus. 
 
 Remus, an oar. Fr. epsTfiog, 
 whence retmus, remus. E is 
 dropt, as in Rufus, Ruber, Li- 
 ber. % Quayle refers to Celt. 
 rama. 1 
 
 Ren : See Appendix. 
 Reriideo, I shine, am bright 
 or resplendent. Also, I laugh. 
 For laughter gives resplendence 
 to the face. As Niteo is traced 
 to v/£eo, veviTcti, to wash ; so 
 from the same vl&, fut. 2. vtUw, 
 is nideo, whence renideo, like 
 Refulgeo. 
 
 Rtnuo, I deny. Fr. nuo, I 
 nod assent. Re contradicts. 
 
 Renuncio, I N renounce. Re 
 contradicts. " Quasi contra- 
 rio nuncio irritum facio." F. I 
 send a contrary message; and, 
 the word I sent, whether of 
 news or promise, I now dis- 
 claim or renounce. 
 
 Reor, I judge, think. Rdtus 
 is for retus. Some refer ratus to 
 
 1 Classical Journal, No. 5, p. 123. 
 3 E 
 
402 
 
 REP- 
 
 REP 
 
 Germ, raten, to number or com- 
 pute". Then, to think, as Xoy/£o/x«i 
 from Xoyos, computation. But 
 whence is reor ? Shall we bring 
 it fr. epiopM, to question, en- 
 quire; and so by enquiry to 
 form an opinion ? E being ne- 
 glected, as in Lamina, Liber, 
 Remus, Ruber, Rufus. ^f Or 
 rather, as epsw was to speak, 
 could Ipeojxaj have meant, I speak 
 to myself, reflect, like (pgxtypcti 7 . 
 Or could reo have been a word 
 prior to reor : kpew being taken 
 in the sense of thinking, as 
 <$>jjx{ is often in Homer ? ^f Or, 
 as sgoo and elpw were to connect, 
 could egeu) and hgsopai have 
 meant to connect ideas in the 
 mind, and so to think and judge ? 
 As egsco, to speak, is from the 
 idea of connecting words. 1 
 
 Repagula, barriers, bars, 
 bolts. Fr. pago, pango. As 
 fastened in so as to oppose en- 
 trance. .Reisagainst. See Re — . 
 Reparo, 1 repair. Re is 
 again. 
 
 Repedo, I go back. Pedem 
 retraho. 
 
 Rtpens, sudden. " Fr. pent», 
 to verge, tend downwards. For 
 a body tending downwards does 
 so ail on a sudden or instanta- 
 neously, as we see in a pair of 
 scales. So the Greeks said sv 
 pony, in a moment/' V. 
 
 RtpenfinuSy same as repens, 
 entis. 
 
 1 From res, rei, says Sipontinus. That 
 is, I judge a thing to be (rem) a reality. 
 Tooke says: " Res, a thing, gives us re or, 
 that is, I am thing-ed : ve-reor, I am 
 strongly thing-ed." The Reader will 
 give these words meaning, if he can. */ 
 
 Reperio, I find out, discover ; 
 I invent. Fr. pario, as in Ape- 
 rio. Re means the tracing back 
 things to their remote or retired 
 situation and bringing them out 
 of it. 
 
 Repeto, I go back to the be- 
 ginning, trace back. Also, I 
 call back to my mind, recollect. 
 Repetundce, illegal exactions, 
 extortion. For repetenda pe- 
 cuniae. Or rather repetundarum 
 is for repetendarum pecuniarum^ 
 and repetundis is for repetendis 
 pecuniis. Crimen repetunda- 
 rum is a charge of repeatedly 
 demanding and extorting sums 
 of money. Re, again and again. 
 Repleo, I replenish, recruit. 
 Fr. pleo. That is, I fill again, 
 I fill a vessel which has been 
 emptied. Generally, I fill. 
 Replum: See Appendix. 
 Repo, I creep or crawl. Fr. 
 £g7rco, transp. psTroo, as Rapio 
 from 'ApTraca. Vice versa, we 
 have f era from Qypos. 
 
 Repotia, a banquet on the 
 day after marriage ; or, as others 
 say, on the seventh day after. 
 A renewal of the drinking bout. 
 " Quia quasi rejicitur potatio" 
 F. Thus Dr. Francis : " A fes- 
 tival in which they drank what- 
 ever remained of yesterday's 
 entertainment. Quia itertjm 
 potaretur" 
 
 Reprcesetito, I make present 
 to one, exhibit or lay before 
 one, represent. Prasentem fa- 
 cio. Re seems to mean much 
 the same as in Reperio. Also, 
 I draw or paint to the life. Also, 
 I do anything at the time pre- 
 sent, instead of delaying it till a 
 
REP- 
 
 RES 
 
 40< 
 
 future time. Frontinus : " Ut 
 a?stimet qua? represent a nda, 
 qu£e differenda sint." Hence, [ 
 pay or buy with ready money. 
 And I anticipate, or make that 
 to be at the present time which 
 was to be done at a future time. 
 Cicero : " Dies promissorum 
 adest: quern etiam reprasentabo, 
 si adveneris." 
 
 Reprehendo, I reprove. That 
 is, I lay hold of a person and 
 pull him back, I check. f* Ver- 
 bis ab agendo retraho." F. 
 
 Repto, I creep, Fr. repo, 
 reptum. 
 
 Rtpudio, I cast off, disown, 
 divorce. Rejicio pro pudore. 
 
 Requiro, 1 seek back. Fr. 
 qucero. So Acquiro. 
 
 Res, rei, a thing. Fr. %gs'o$, 
 (same as %^/^«) ? whence for 
 softness psoj. See Reus, ^f Or 
 from xpYi<ri$, taken in the sense 
 of^pvjaa. XqriUig from ^XP^' 
 con, as X^p* from >cep£gy},u,aj. 
 % Or fr. pyo-ic, properly, a thing 
 said ; and so a thing in general. 
 Plautus: " Feci isthasc dicta 
 quae vos dicitis." So p>j|U,a in 
 Luke 2, 15. Compare JEs 
 from Al<ris. *j[ Or from rear. 
 A thing thought. % Al. from 
 pe?«, to do. A thing done. 
 
 Reseda, dock, a kind of herb. 
 Fr. sedo, reseda. Re, as in Re- 
 medium. Pliny : " Discutit {re- 
 seda) inflammationes. omnes. 
 Qui curant ea, addunt luec ver- 
 ba : Reseda, morbos reseda. 
 Haec ter dicunt totiesque des- 
 puunt." 
 
 Rtevro, I unbolt, set open. 
 Fr. sera. Re contradicts. 
 
 Rhzduus,\dt, remaining. Fr. 
 
 resideo, I keep back and rest 
 still, 1 continue, remain. 
 
 Resigno, I break open what 1 
 had sealed and ratified, I disan- 
 nul, invalidate. Horace of For- 
 tune : u Laudo manentem : si 
 celeres quatit Pennas, resigno 
 quae dedit." It seems to mean 
 irritum facio, I nullify or can- 
 cel her gifts. Baxter's note is : 
 " Demto signo chirographum 
 dissolvimus." Some understand 
 it as equivalent to Rescribo. 
 Dacier : ". Rescribere, i. e. 
 sibi creditam pecuniam reddere. 
 Nam creditores scribe re sive 
 dictare dicebantur, cum crede- 
 bant. Debitores verd, cum sol- 
 vebant, rescribere. Resio- 
 nare igitur pro rescribere, 
 i. e. reddere." Others under- 
 stand it, I sign away from my- 
 self. 
 
 Resina, resin, rosin. Fr. p>j- 
 t/j/>j. Or say fr. pijcr/vij, which 
 could come from eppYjo-cn, as 
 far Ivy from Ufarou, perf. pass, of 
 peoo. 
 
 Resipisco, I recover my sen- 
 ses, return to a right understand- 
 ing, reform. Fr. sapio, resipio. 
 
 Resist o, I resist. That is, I 
 stand against. See Re — . 
 
 Respect o, 1 regard, respect. 
 That is, 1 look round to. Or 
 re is often. I look upon often, 
 and so consider and think of 
 much. Opposed to turning 
 away from. 
 
 Respondeo is properly, I en- 
 gage or promise in return. Hie 
 spondet ; ilie respondet se idem 
 facturum. Hence respondeo was 
 said of answering to what ano- 
 ther had said before, so as to 
 
404 
 
 RES' 
 
 RET 
 
 say something in correspondence 
 with it. Hence of answering 
 generally. Also, 1 agree or cor- 
 respond with. Also, I appear 
 in court, so as to answer to my 
 name. 
 
 Response), 1 oppose, resist. 
 Properly, I answer to a charge, 
 rebut or resist it. Fr. respondeo, 
 responsum, 
 
 Respuo, I spit back what I 
 have swallowed ; 1 reject, nau- 
 seate, dislike. 
 
 Restauro, I repair. See In- 
 stating 
 
 Restibilis, unintermitted, per- 
 petual. Pliny has " restibilem 
 foecunditatem." Also, cultiva- 
 ted year after year without in- 
 termission, as Ager restibilis. 
 Fr. resto, whence restabilis, re- 
 stibilis. Resto, I last, endure, 
 remain. 
 
 Restinguo, I put out, extin- 
 guish. See Exstinguo. 
 
 Restis, a cord, rope. Fr. 
 pvca, to draw, haul. That is, from 
 pvvTYrf, transp. p>joTW£. If with- 
 out this transposition, E will be 
 for U, as in sEntio : and as 
 some derive pEssum from /32V- 
 <rov. If Al. from resto. " Quod 
 restes ligata stare faciunt." V. 
 
 Reta, Reto. Wachter : " Gel- 
 lius 1 does not hit on the right 
 
 1 Gellius: "In quodam edicto anti- 
 quiore scriptum invenimus : Qui flumina 
 retanda publice redemta habent. Re- 
 tanda quid esset quaerebatur. Dixit ami- 
 cus meus in libro se Gavii de Origine 
 Vocabulorum septimo legisse retas vocari 
 arbores, quae aut ex ripis fluminum emi- 
 nerent, aut in alveis eorum extarent, ap- 
 pellatasque esse a retibus, quod praeter- 
 euntes naves irapedirent et quasi irreti- 
 rent : idcircoque sese arbitrari retanda 
 
 sense of these words. Mosel- 
 lanus is nearer : * 1 suspect that 
 reias are not trees, but a kind of 
 reed springing up in rivers, 
 which, unless every now and 
 then removed, occasion trouble 
 to bargemen. The Germans 
 and Gauls call reeds roir. f He 
 was perhaps ignorant of the 
 northern words ried, red, ret, a 
 reed; for from these are reta 
 and reto." See Rete. 
 
 Rete, a net, gin, trap. Fr. 
 IpyjTuco, 'gyj-ruco, to keep in, stop, 
 hinder. % Or, — since I^tuw 
 is from %pr\roa pp. of a verb kgocco, 
 to draw, to draw back, allied to 
 spvco, whence spvKoo, to keep in, 
 — rete is from this spyjra*, i. e. 
 from a verb Ipvjrsco, pyreo», prjrw. 
 51 " From puai, to draw," says 
 Wachter. ^f Al. from pjTrrw, 
 iEoI. piTTto, to throw. As 8/ic- 
 tvqv from 8/xa>, M&xtm.* 
 
 Retento, I hold back, check. 
 Fr. retineo, retentum, 
 
 Rttiarius, a gladiator who 
 endeavoured to throw (retem) a 
 net over the head of his antago- 
 nist. 
 
 Reticulum, net-work ; a net- 
 ted bag, reticule. Fr. rete. 
 
 Retinaculum, that by which 
 a thing is tied or held back, ca- 
 ble, rein. Fr. retineo. 
 
 Retracto, I retract. Fr. re- 
 traho, retractum, I draw back, 
 recal. 
 
 Retractus, retired. See Re- 
 ductus. 
 
 flumina locari solita esse, id est, purgan- 
 da : ne quid aut moras aut periculi navi- 
 bus in ea virgulta incidentibus fieret." 
 2 " From Hebr. RST, rete." Ainsw. 
 
RET- 
 
 RH1 
 
 405 
 
 Retrimentum, dregs. Fr. 
 retero, retrivi, like Detrimen- 
 tum. Properly, dregs remaining 
 from olives after they have been 
 bruised. 
 
 Retro : See Appendix. 
 
 Retrorsum, in a direction 
 backward. Retroversion. 
 
 Returo, 1 open. See Obturo. 
 Re, as in Recludo. 
 
 Revelo, I unveil, uncover. 
 Re, as in Recludo. 
 
 Revimentum, a fringe. Fr. 
 vieo, I bind. Revieo, same as 
 Revincio. 
 
 Reus, one bound or obliged 
 to perform. Fr. xpioc, transla- 
 ted by Donnegan, " that which 
 has been contracted for, pro- 
 mised ; or which a person is 
 obliged to discharge." The 
 guttural is omitted, as in Laena 
 from XXaiva. Reus is also one 
 accused or impeached : and is 
 here thought to come from res, 
 rei. Hill : " Reus, from res, 
 denotes the person whose cause 
 is the subject of litigation, whe- 
 ther guilty or not. Cicero : 
 " Reos appello non eos modo 
 qui arguuntur, sed omnes quo- 
 rum de re disceptatur.' It ap- 
 plies equally to one concerned in 
 civil and in criminal processes." 
 Vossius : " Quia ejus res, h. e. 
 causa agitur. Res enim notat 
 causam seu litem." iElius says : 
 " Reus est qui cum altero 
 litem contestatam habet, sive 
 is egit, sive cum eo actum 
 est." 
 
 Rex, regis, a king. Fr. rexi 
 fr. rego. Or from regens, short- 
 ened to regns, regs. 
 
 Rha, rhubarb. As growing 
 
 on the banks of the Rha i. e. 
 the Volga. 
 
 Rhddine, slender, thin, ema- 
 ciated. 'Pc&tVY}. 
 
 Rhapsodia, a book of Homer. 
 'PccfycpVia. 
 
 Rheda, a carriage. " The 
 Germans and Belgians, whose 
 language was the same as the 
 Gallic, say to this day reden or 
 ryden, to ride on horseback or 
 in a carriage. Hence doubtless 
 is rheda." V. " Rad, (Germ.), 
 a carriage. An ancient-Gallic 
 word. Franc, reit, Iceland. 
 reid. Hence rheda. Quintilian : 
 Plurima Gallica valuerunt, 
 ut rheda." W. 
 
 Rheno, a thick garment made 
 of skins, peculiar to the Gauls 
 and Germans. Fr. /5»vo£, a skin. 
 ^f Or from the northern rhen, 
 whence our rein-deer. As made 
 of its skin. 1 ^f Wachter notices 
 the Anglo-Sax. reori, stragulum. 
 ^f Al. from the river Rhenus, 
 Rhine : as used by its borderers. 
 
 Rhetor, a rhetorician. 'P^- 
 Tcag. 
 
 Rhetra, a law. 'Prjrgot. 
 
 Rheuma, a catarrh. 'Psvpct. 
 
 Rhinoceros, a rhinoceros. 'Pi- 
 voKspoog. 
 
 Rhinthon. Forcellini : "A 
 Tarentine comic poet, a con- 
 temptible trifler, (nugator vilis- 
 simus): others say he was a 
 tragic poet. Varro uses the 
 
 1 Wacbter objects : •* Qui fieri potest 
 ut huic opinioni tot corporibus in Gallic 
 et Germania tegendis unum rangiferorum 
 genus sufficiat ? Admittamus rangiferorum 
 exuvias, sed aliarum feraruru pelles non 
 excludamus." 
 
406 
 
 R MO- 
 
 RI N 
 
 word for a contemptible, trifling, 
 or extravagant fellow : Quis 
 contra nunc Rhinthon non dicit 
 sua iuteresse, utrum iis piscibus 
 stagnum habeat plenum, an 
 ranis. Columella: Itaque Te- 
 rentius Varro, Nullus est, inquit, 
 nebulo ac rhinthon qui &'c." 
 Rhododaphtte, the rose-bay. 
 
 Rhombus, a reel or winder. 
 Also, a rhomb. And a birt or 
 turbot. 'Poppo;. 
 
 Rhomphaa, a kind of lance. 
 , Fou.<pciiot,. 
 
 Rhonchus, snorting, snoring. 
 P°yX°S' Also, noise through 
 the nose made by way of jeer 
 and scorn. It is applied also 
 to the croaking of frogs. 
 
 Rhus, a bushy shrub called 
 sumach. 'Pov$. 
 
 Rhythmus, harmony, propor- 
 tion, metre. 'PvQpog. 
 
 Rhythm, a kind of cup. 
 'Pvrbv, puTiov. 
 
 Rica: See Appendix. 
 
 Ricinum, Ricinium^ Reci- 
 niwn, Reicinium : See Appen- 
 dix. 
 
 Ricinus, 
 
 Rictus, a scornful opening of 
 the mouth in grinning ; the 
 whole part of the mouth thus 
 open, the jaw, mouth, &c. Fr, 
 ringor, ringtum, rigtum, ric- 
 tum. 
 
 Rideo, I smile, laugh. Ab- 
 breviated from renideo, I smile ; 
 whence reideo. rideo. Horace 
 has " dulce ridentem." IfAl. 
 from the North. " Rutten, 
 (Germ.) a trembling. Franc. 
 rido. Rutten, to tremble ; 
 Franc, ridon. Rutten is also to 
 
 shake." VV. Rideo then would 
 be called from the shaking or 
 quivering of the limbs in laugh- 
 ter. 1 
 
 Ridica, the prop of a vine. 
 Fr. spsfooo, 2, to fix firmly. Ica, 
 as in Manica. E dropt, as in 
 Lamina from 'Ehctpevr} ; and in 
 Ruber, Rufus. 
 
 Rldiculus, worthy to be 
 laughed at. Fr. rideo. 
 
 Rigeo, I am very chill, stiff 
 or benumbed with cold. *P<- 
 yscio. 
 
 Rigidus, stiff with cold ; stiff, 
 hard, firm, rigid ; severe. Fr. 
 rigeo. As Frigidus. 
 
 Rigo, I water, wet, moisten. 
 Fr. fipsx 00 ' vvneR ce brego, (as 
 from XiXa> is linCHo, linGo), 
 and brigo, as Leber became Li- 
 ber, and Pleco Plico. Hence 
 rigo, as perhaps B is dropt in 
 Rugio; and A in Ros from 
 Jpo<rog. ^f Germ, re gen is rain. 
 
 Rima, a cleft, fissure, Fr. 
 priypa, whence rigma, rimma, 
 rima. Compare Remus. 
 
 Rimor, J pry into, search 
 narrowly. That is, I look into 
 (rimas) chinks and crannies to 
 find. 
 
 Ringor, I grin or show my 
 teeth like a dog. Fr. pixvoopcii, 
 pixvovpai, I am wrinkled; transp. 
 pwxoZficti, whence rincor, ringor. 
 Forcellini explains ringor " na- 
 res coruugo," and adds: 
 " Translate dicitur de plantis 
 
 ' Al. from neidia. Why R for M ? 
 
 2 Julius Scaliger makes the first I in 
 ridica short, the second long. I know 
 not on what authority. I have followed 
 Ains worth. 
 
RIP 
 
 R1X 
 
 407 
 
 quae frigore astrictae cqrru- 
 GANTUR-et cortice finduntur." 
 1T AJ. from p)v, the nose. 1 
 
 Ripa, the bank of a river. 
 From pty, pmog, an osier. As 
 planted with osiers. Livy : 
 " Cum forte inter salicta in- 
 nata ripis laterent hostes." Or 
 from pity, purls, a reed. Sta- 
 tius has " ripa arundine;e." 
 Raleigh : " She caused it to be 
 hidden among the high reeds 
 which grew on the banks of 
 the lake." Gray : " Beside some 
 water's rushy brink." ^f 
 Al. from p»7T^, impetus. From 
 the violence of the waves beating 
 against it. This would be well, 
 if ripa were the sea-shore. Co- 
 lumella, it is true, uses it in this 
 sense, but it is very rare, ^f Al. 
 from egeixcOf 'pslxoo, to break: as 
 XuKos, luPus. Forcellini : "Lit- 
 tus depressum est atque humile : 
 ripa altior et prteruptior." 
 Or compare Gr. pyjyfxjy fr. pY)<r- 
 (Toi f epfayiJiMi. ^f Al. from psitoo, 
 vergo. 
 
 Riscus, a coffer. 'Pl<rxo$. 
 
 Risus, a laughter. Fr. rideo, 
 ridsum, visum. 
 
 Rite, in due form. Secun- 
 dum ritum. 
 
 Rttus, rite, ceremony, usage, 
 use, custom. Fr. p>)T0£,(as rlma 
 from pHypot), agreed on, deter- 
 mined, specified. Or, to be 
 spoken. In relation to certain 
 prescribed forms of words, ^f 
 Al. from Tplfios, custom, habit ; 
 transp. pl^rog. Hence ritus ; 
 somewhat as sperms, 'peTfxbg, 
 
 1 Al. from ppvxdofj.ni, I gnash my 
 teeth. 
 
 rem us. ^f Al. from pvrog, from 
 puoo, to flow, to flow on in a 
 regular order. Whence pubu.bg, 
 arrangement of parts according 
 to due order and proportion. So 
 <ppTyca, frlgo. ^f Or from f>urbg, 
 from puco, to guard, preserve. 
 Furipides : TpfaoSog ci§%caov vo- 
 (xov 2 colour <x. ^f Al. from 
 Anglo-Sax. riht, law. 
 
 Rivalis, a rival in love. Ri- 
 vales were, properly, persons 
 who got water from the same 
 (rivus) brook, and were liable 
 to contentions about the carrying 
 or using of it. Ulpian : " Si 
 inter rivales, i. e. qui per eun- 
 dem rivum aquam ducunt, sit 
 contentio de aquae usu." Or 
 from the contentions arising 
 from the changes of a river's 
 course, and its inroads on one 
 person's property to the detri- 
 ment of another's. Some refer 
 it to wild beasts coming thirsty 
 to a common fountain, and stir- 
 ring up strife together. Homer: 
 
 '/2f 8' OTS GUV UKUIXOLVTCI XSOOV 
 hftlYjGUTQ X^^M» Tw t 9 0§80$ X0- 
 
 pvQfyari pkya tpgovsovrs f%u%zG$GV 
 nfootxos ufxf Sxiyvig. Nonius 
 explains rivales " in unum amo- 
 rem derivantes" 
 
 Rivus, a stream, brook. Fr. 
 peog, poet, piiog, whence rius, 
 riVus. %\A\. from pva% : 3 
 changing to S, perhaps as <p\b3> 
 floS ; uXamrjS, vulpeS. 
 
 Rixo, Rixor, 1 bicker, con- 
 tend. Fr. Ipifw, iEolic form of 
 €pi<rco, fut. of egi^eo. E dropt, as 
 in Ruber, Remus. *fi Some 
 derive rixa from p>j£»?, a rup- 
 ture ; and hence a schism. As 
 pausA from iravGlg. U Al» 
 
408 
 
 ROB- 
 
 ■ROR 
 
 from ringor, ringsum, rinxum, 
 rixum. 
 
 Robigo, Rubtgo, rust, mil- 
 dew. Fr. robus, red. Festus : 
 " Robum rubro colore et rufo 
 significari manifestum est." 
 Johnson defines Rust "the red 
 desquamation of old iron." Igo, 
 as in Origo. ^f Al. from punoc, 
 dirt, filth. ^[ Al. from pvco, to 
 draw, attract, contract. 
 
 Rohlgus, a God whom the 
 Romans invoked to keep off 
 mildew from the corn, Fr. ro- 
 bigo, 
 
 Robins : same as Robus. 
 
 Robur, oak of the hardest 
 kind. Hence anything hard 
 and strong ; hardihood, strength. 
 Fr. robus, red. Haigh : " Be- 
 cause oak is full of red veins." 
 fl" If from poooo, (whence pwvvvfti, 
 puxrco, pcoju-rj,) to give strength to, 
 and in the middle, to be strong 
 — then the senses must be re- 
 versed. From poooo might be 
 roiir, roBur. Or from boo^og, 
 (same as poi/jtrj, strength,) iEol. 
 pwpog, we might have romur, 
 robur. 
 
 Robur, a cell for culprits. 
 Dacier : " As being formerly 
 made of strong oak." ^ 
 
 Robus, red. Compare Ru- 
 ber and Rufus. O for u, as in 
 /t*rA>j, mOla; <pTK^s, fOllis. 
 Robus was also the oak, like 
 Robur. And a kind of red 
 wheat. 
 
 Robustus, hard and strong 
 like oak. Fr. robus same as 
 robur. So Augustus. 
 
 Rodo, I gnaw. By the omis- 
 sion of the first letter, from 
 figoct), /3pw$>]v ; (See Rigo,) or 
 
 Tpoco, (whence Tpwyoo,) Tpwhrjv^ 
 or ygoco, (whence perhaps ygoju,- 
 <$o$ and ypoor^og,) ypwfyv. Or, 
 — supposing rodo to be put for 
 raudo, as Coda for Cauda, — 
 from rgauoo, (whence rpuvfjia), 
 rpctvdriv ; or %got6oo, ^gau8>jv. 
 Compare raDo, truDo, tenDo, 
 morDeo. 
 
 Rogo, 1 ask, beg. Rogare 
 legem, to propose a law, i. e. 
 to ask of the people to let it 
 pass. So rogare magistratum, 
 to elect, i. e. to ask of the peo- 
 ple permission to elect. Fr. 
 ogyuco, opyw, I desire earnestly ; 
 transp. poya>, rogo. As Rapio 
 from 'AqTraai. ^[ Al. from opo- 
 ya. pf. mid. of ogiyoo, whence 
 opsyofxon, I long earnestly for. 
 Whence a verb opoysoo, opoyw, 
 poyco. 
 
 Rogus, a funeral pile. Fr. 
 pco%, pvyog, a cleft, split ; and so 
 applied to pieces of split wood 
 raised for a pile. Euripides: 01 he 
 ntoipovo-iv irvpoiv, Koppovg <pspovTs$ 
 7rsvx(vovs. We have fera from <$H- 
 po$, fiiris from <p£Lpo$. % Al.from 
 eyetpw, to raise ; pf. mid. eyopa, 
 transp. epoya, ('goyct). ^[ Hall : 
 " From rogo. Because, when 
 a dead body was placed on a 
 funeral pile, it was customary to 
 call upon the departed spirit 
 by name." 
 
 RompJusa : See Rhomphaea. 
 
 Ronchus: See Rhonchus. 
 
 Rordrii, light-armed soldiers. 
 " Fr. ros, roris. Because these 
 frequently preceded the regular 
 troops, as dew or a dewy show- 
 er frequently precedes rain." F. 
 
 Horatio, a blasting of vines 
 by the fall of a cold (roris) dew. 
 
ROR 
 
 ROT 
 
 409 
 
 Row, I bedew. Fr. ros, roris, 
 Ros, roris, dew. Tears, 
 which fall like dew. Fr. $po<ro$, 
 whence po<ro$, pog. ^f Or from 
 poog, pou$, a stream, fl AI. from 
 wp»?> (pw%,) dew. Fr. £«)£ is 
 7*05, as perhaps <pAo0 makes 
 floS. f Tooke: "Eos from 
 roris, and this from Anglo-Sax. 
 hror, dew ; from hryran, to 
 fall." Wachter : " So SgoVo^ is 
 from Gothic Drill san, to fall." 
 If " From the Oriental rasas, to 
 distil." Tt. 
 
 Rosa, a rose. " From Celt. 
 
 r6s." Ainsw 
 
 Rose, An- 
 
 glo-Sax. Rkos, Welsh. Rosa, 
 L»at. Whence bat from its 
 color, from rot, red I " W. 
 ^f From polw, says Varro. That 
 is, from poQov, (as our murDer, 
 miirTBer,) then pocrov, as 80^ for 
 So'6' i. e. 80&, and our loveS for 
 loveTH. But ros# is rather 
 from poloevGu, poZovcrarct, pertain- 
 ing to a rose : cut down to poarct. 
 
 Roscidus, dewy, Fr. ros. 
 
 Rosmarinus, Rosmarinum, 
 rosemary. Horace separates 
 rosmarinus : " Coronantem ma- 
 ritio Rare Deos." Ovid calls 
 it ros maris. Why then is it 
 called the dew of the sea ? Gre- 
 gory : <s These plants grow na- 
 turally on dry rocky soils near 
 the sea, where they thrive pro- 
 digiously, and perfume the air 
 so as to be smelt at a great dis- 
 tance from the land." It is then 
 a marine plant : but what has 
 ros to do with it ? I half suspect 
 that the word is a corruption. 1 
 Is it for rosa marina ? 
 
 1 Turton says 
 Etym. 
 
 '•'' Quasi rosa fffivpivij. 
 
 Rostrum, the beak of a bird, 
 snout of a fish. Fr. rodo, ro- 
 sum, as Clausun), Claustrum ; 
 Kasum, Rastrum. Pliny has, 
 " Corvi aratoris vestigia ipsa 
 rodentes : " where Forcellini 
 notes: " Hoc est, rostro tun- 
 dentes cibi exquirendi gratia." 
 Rostrum was also the beak of a 
 ship. And a pulpit in the Fo- 
 rum where those who addressed 
 the people stood. Because it 
 was adorned with the beaks of 
 the ships taken from the An- 
 tiates. 
 
 Rota, a wheel ; a car ; any- 
 thing round, as the sun's disk ; 
 a course or revolution; a wheel 
 or rack for criminals. " From 
 Celt, roth. 9 * Quayle. « Rad, 
 Germ. A Celtic word. Welsh 
 rhod, Armoric rat, Irish rit, 
 rhotha, Franc, rad. It signi- 
 fies properly a runner or a foot 
 running. For wheels are like 
 feet by which a chariot (poQsl) 
 runs. [As rpoyog (1. rgs^co, 
 rirgo^ot.^ Staden derives rad 
 from Iceland, rota, to drive 
 round." W. 'Po Sico jis to rush 
 with a loud noise and impetuo- 
 sity. Rota, if from poQew, is for 
 rotha. If " Plainly from Hebr. 
 ratah, rotavit, rotam gyravit," 
 says Becman. 
 
 Rotundus, round like a (rota) 
 wheel. Said also of periods 
 well rounded, full or equable. 
 Forcellini explains Vestis ro- 
 
 Because it smells like myrrh." . It 
 ought to be afivpvlvn, cut down to o-pvpivr). 
 But p68ov c-fivpvivov could scarcely have 
 been corrupted to rosmarinum. 
 
 3 F 
 
410 
 
 RUB 
 
 RUD 
 
 tunda "aequaliter ab omni parte 
 fluxa et undanti ambitu compo- 
 sita." 
 
 Rubellio, a roach. Fr. ru- 
 bellus, reddish. So Gr. epvGgi- 
 vo$ fr. egvQgog, red. 
 
 Rubeo, I am red; I blush. 
 Fr. ruber, ^f Or from hpv&w, 
 (whence ipuflyjjxa, redness, blush,) 
 JEol. egv<picti, whence 'qv^soo, 
 rubeo, as kjx^co, am Bo. 
 
 Ruber, red. For rubrus, 
 whence rubra. Rubrus from 
 spvQpbg, iEol. eputppbg, whence 
 *pu^pos, and rubrus, as ot[A<Pcjo, 
 am Bo. 
 
 Rubtta, a toad often found 
 among (rubos) brambles. Pliny : 
 " Sunt quae in vepribus tan- 
 tum vivunr, ob id rubetarum 
 nomine." 
 
 Rubia, madder, a herb with a 
 root which is red and used by 
 dyers. Fr. rubeo. 
 
 Rubidus, of a deep swarthy 
 red. Fr. rubeo. As Frigeo, 
 Frigid us. 
 
 Rublgo: See Robigo. 
 
 Rubrlca, red earth, red ochre. 
 Fr. ruber, rubra. Ica, as in 
 Arnica. Also, the title or head 
 of a law or book, as written in 
 red letters. 
 
 Rubus, the bramble or black- 
 berry bush. Pliny says of it : 
 " Ferens mora ante maturitatem 
 rubentia: unde fortasse nomen." 
 Turton : " Named from its red 
 fruit." ^f Rather from pwty, 
 pwno$, a bramble : whence rupus, 
 (as Qflpos, fiiris,) then rubus. 
 
 Ructo, to belch. Fr. egsux- 
 rcu pp. of speuyoo : whence a 
 verb epevxrou), epevjerco, 'psuxTw. 
 Or from tpsvyw, 'psvyco was ru- 
 
 go, whence rugsi, ruxi, ructum, 
 thence ructo, as from Motum is 
 Moto. Festus has the word 
 erugere. 
 
 Rudectus, full of rubbish. 
 Fr. rudus. As Humectus. 
 
 Rudens, a cable, rope. Pro- 
 perly, the participle of rudo, to 
 make a great noise. Virgil : 
 " Insequitor clamorque viriim 
 STRiDORQUE rudentum." Ov- 
 id:" Contentis tridunt aqui- 
 lone rudentes." Rudo is ap- 
 plied to Cacus by Virgil ; and is 
 said of lions and bears as well as 
 asses. In rudens it is applied 
 metaphorically. 
 
 Rudlmentum, first trial or 
 instruction in a science. For 
 in the first stage a learner is 
 (rudis) inexperienced. 
 
 Rudis : See Appendix. 
 
 Rudis, a rod or foil for fencing 
 with ; a foil with which gladia- 
 tors were presented when dis- 
 charged from fighting in the 
 arena. Also, a rod or spattle 
 for stirring a liquid when boil- 
 ing. " Virga 1MPOL1TA," says 
 Forcellini. That is, virga ru- 
 dis. ^f Or from potfitiog, whence 
 palo$, and this changed to rudis, 
 as hUmus from ^A^oc, plUteus 
 from ttXAteoc, cUlmus from xA- 
 \apo$, xAXpog. ^| Or it is a 
 northern word. Wachter ex- 
 plains Germ, rute, " virga, sur- 
 culus ; ferula ; decempeda." 
 Dutch rade, Engl. rod. 
 
 Rudo, I make a noise, as an 
 ass, a lion, a bear, &c. It is 
 applied to Cacus by Virgil. Fr. 
 wpvllv, CpvSbv,) in a howling or 
 roaring manner. Donnegan ex- 
 plains wgvyr, u a bellowing, low- 
 
RUD 
 
 HUM 
 
 411 
 
 ing, roaring, braying, hovvl- 
 
 11)2. 
 
 Rudus, eris, unwrought ore. 
 Prudentius has " aeris rudere." 
 For raudus, as Caupa, Cupa. 
 Kudus vetus, is rubbish, shards 
 and stone broken and shattered, 
 and is traced to ruo, whence 
 ruidus, *' Fragmina minuta la- 
 terum vel lapidum et duratae 
 calcis ex aedificiis prolapsis." 
 F. Kudus novum, is new rub- 
 bish coming from stones hewn, 
 &c. Rudas pingue in Colu- 
 mella is compost, a mixture of 
 various substances for enriching 
 the ground. 
 
 Rufus, reddish, tawny. Fr. 
 epvQsoo, epv8a>, whence 'igvQog, 
 (same as speuQoe, redness,) 'gvQog, 
 iEol. *gv<po$, as ovOctp, iEol. ou- 
 <Pctp. See Ruber. 
 
 Ruga, a wrinkle. From a 
 word ogvyr), ('guy})) formed from 
 oguyoc pf. mid. of opvacroo, to 
 dig. That is, a pit, trench, fur- 
 row. ^[ Al. from pvw, I draw, 
 contract, whence purig, a wrin- 
 kle, and pvvos, wrinkled. Fr. 
 pvoo then was pu?co, £«;, pf. mid. 
 sfpvyu. Wachter has '* pv^oi, a 
 wrinkling," ^f Quayle notices 
 Celt. rag. 
 
 Rugio, 1 roar as a lion. 
 Fr. oopuyrj, 'gvyy, a roaring, ^f 
 Al. from jSpti^co, pf. mid. /3s- 
 /3pyy«, (Ppvya,) to roar, bel- 
 low. 1 
 
 Ruidus, rough. See Rudis, e. 
 
 Rulna, a downfal, ruin, de- 
 struction. Fr. ruo. 
 
 Ruma, Rumen, a teat, dug. 
 
 1 Al. from potfcco. 
 
 Fr. p-topou, to draw to myself, 2 
 and so suck ; pp. eppv^on, whence 
 a word pvfxv). ^[ Al. from pcupu, 
 a flowing. 3 
 
 Ruma, Rumen, the gullet, 
 throat. Fr. psvpax, a flowing ; 
 or place of flowing. Where 
 the liquid flows which we take 
 into our mouths, ^f Or from 
 pupy, tractus, via. That is, >,a 
 canal or passage for the food 
 we take, ^f Al. from pvco, to 
 draw ; pp. sppvpoti. Thus 
 Festus derives subrumari 
 haedi, " quia rumine tra- 
 hunt lac sugentes." Turton 
 explains it differently: u From 
 pvoo. The hollow part of the 
 throat drawn in by sucking in 
 the breath." Forcellini explains 
 ruma, " cavus gutturis locus," 
 
 Rumex : See Appendix. 
 
 Rumina and Ruminalis fi- 
 cus, the figtree under which 
 Romulus and Remus were found 
 hanging (ruminibus) to the dugs 
 of the wolf. 
 
 Rumino, said of cows chew- 
 ing the cud, i. e. bringing the 
 food back (a rumine) from the 
 throat to the mouth. Hence 
 rumino is to bring back things 
 past to remembrance, reflect, 
 muse, ruminate. 
 
 Rumor, noise, murmur ; com- 
 mon report, rumor. From Germ. 
 rum, clamor, referred by Wach- 
 ter to Anglo-Sax. kryman, cla- 
 mare, and compared by him 
 
 2 " "Pvofxai, primary sense, to draw to 
 myself." Dn. 
 
 3 Al. from ruo, for ririma. " Quod 
 inde cibus ruit in stomachum." Ainsw. 
 
412 
 
 RUM 
 
 R U R 
 
 with Gr. copuo/xoci, to roar. In- 
 deed rumor might .come from 
 cbpvyfj.b$, a roaring ; iEol. copvy- 
 l^op/pvyixop. The F dropt as 
 in Rima from 'Pjjy/Aa. ^f Or 
 fr. peupoi, a flowing. Horace : 
 (S Frigidus a rostris ma net per 
 compita rumor ." But the sense 
 of noise in general does not seem 
 well deducible from this, ff 
 On Virg. JEn. 8, 90, " Ergo 
 iter inceptum celerant ?'umore 
 secundo," Heyne notes: " Ru- 
 mor a ruendo : ruitur seu erui- 
 tur aqua remo, adeoque ex 
 impulsu strepitus oritur. Inde 
 de quovis strepitu et murmure, 
 imprimis fa mas." ^[ Ainsworth : 
 "Quod celeriter in omnes par- 
 tes mat." ^f Al. from pu^rj, a 
 street. A noise in the streets. 
 As Amo, Amor. 
 
 Rumpia, corrupted from 
 rhomphcea. 
 
 Rumpo, 
 
 Rumpus: See Appendix. 
 
 Runa, a javelin. 6t Fortasse 
 quod rueret (i. e. sterneret) ad- 
 versa." V. That is, for ruina. 
 
 Runcina, a plane. Fr. puxavtj, 
 whence pvyxtxvYj, and runcina, as 
 pw^Avky machlna ; 7rar^v>], pa- 
 tina. Hence 1 is short : and 
 they are wrong who consider it 
 long, as if it was the same as 
 Colo, Culina ; Popa, Poplna." 
 V. It is true, Varro derives 
 runcina U. puy^og. But what 
 has pvyx°$j a snout or beak, to 
 do here ? 
 
 Runco, a weeding-hook, 
 hedging-bill. Fr. f>vyx°S> a 
 beak. As being curved. 
 
 Runco j I weed. See above. 
 
 Ruo. Forcellini has these 
 
 senses. u Active : I throw 
 down, upset, pull down, over- 
 throw, level ; 1 pull up, root up, 
 dig up. Neuter: I rush head- 
 long, I tumble, fall ; I rush 
 forth furiously ; I go with blind 
 impetuosity, trip, err, make 
 mistakes, incur loss ; J rush for- 
 ward or sally forth in a body." 
 The latter part of these senses 
 agrees with opovco, which Donne- 
 gan translates, " to rush upon, 
 to rush forward, to hurry for- 
 ward ;" and Brasse, (t to hurry, 
 rush, attack." Fr. opouca, 'povco, 
 is ruo. The former part of 
 these senses agrees with puco, 
 whence (from pp. eppvpTut) is 
 pucrra?a), I draw, drag, pull, 
 seize. Ruo in its neuter sense 
 also might be referred to pvw or 
 puojxai, whence is pup), the impe- 
 tus of a moving body, violence, 
 impetuosity. Ruo might mean 
 to drag oneself on, and so to 
 hurry forward, to hurry impetu- 
 ously. As ays is ciys <rs } bring 
 yourself on ; and <&ips is Qsps ere. 
 So To Withdraw supposes "one- 
 self" understood, and the French 
 Retirer similarly. 
 
 Rupes, a rock, crag, cliff. 
 Fr. rupi pf. of rumpo. Rocks 
 were called by the Latins Ab- 
 ruptae and Praeruptae. 
 
 Rupex, a clown. Fr. rupes. 
 One whose manners are as rough 
 as a crag. So Petro from Pe- 
 tra. 
 
 Rupico, same as rupex, ids. 
 
 Rupina, a place full (rupi?im) 
 of crags. 
 
 Rursum, Rursus, backward; 
 again. For retroversion, whence 
 retrorsum, rorsum, rursum. 
 
RUS- 
 
 SAB 
 
 413 
 
 Rus, ruris, the country. Hu- 
 rls is fr. agovpot, tilled ground : 
 whence *povpu, rura. Donnegan 
 translates apoupcaoc, " rural, rus- 
 tic, relating to the country." 
 
 Rusco, I weed. Fr. Iguco, 
 I draw, drag; whence spvcrxco, 
 'puo-xca. ^| Some explain it, I 
 take away the prickly shrub 
 called ruscum. 
 
 Ruscum, Ruscus, a rough 
 prickly shrub of which they 
 made brushes. iC Fr. ruscus. 
 From the carnation color of its 
 berries." Tt. Russus, russicus, 
 (as Unus, Unicus ; Teter, Te- 
 tra, Tetricus,) ruscus. 
 
 Ruspor, I scrape as a dog, or 
 root in the ground as a pig. 
 Fr. pva), I draw, draw up ; 
 whence punTx, (as Jyco, Jvtttm,) 
 fut. putycti, rupso, ruspo. Or 
 from fut. putyopou, rupsor, rus- 
 por. 
 
 Russus, of a kind of red or 
 carnation color, russet. From 
 a verb epsvQco, (allied to tigeuQog 
 and epufypa) to be red ; pp. 
 epev<r<rou, 'psua-(rcn. Or from 
 spsvQog, redness ; by a dialectic 
 pronunciation sgsva-<rog, *psv(r(rog. 
 
 Rusticus, pertaining to the 
 {rus) country. 
 
 Rut a, rue. 'Pvtyj. 
 
 Ruta, drum, all things (eruta) 
 drawn or dug out of the earth, 
 as stone, sand, gravel, chalk, 
 lead, coals. Moveable goods, 
 opposed to fixtures. " Ruta 
 ca?sa, i. e. res erutcB et caesae, 
 h. e. avulsa? et separata? ab aedi- 
 bus vel fundo venali, ita ut am- 
 plius cum eo conjunct® non 
 shit, et excipi sibique retineri a 
 venditore possint." F. 
 
 Rutabulum, an instrument 
 for stirring up the coals; and a 
 ladle for stirring up things. Fr. 
 ruo, ruitum, rutum, I dig up ; 
 or rather fr. ruto, avi, from ru- 
 tum. 
 
 Rutilo, I am of a fiery red 
 color, I shine. Fr. rutilus. 
 
 Rutilus, explained by For- 
 cellini " rufus, russus, ruber, 
 flavus ad rubrum accedens, ful- 
 rus." Fr. zpufog, redness ; 
 whence epv$6\og, 'gvQuhog, ruthu- 
 lus, rutulus, rutilus. Or from 
 epvQgog is epvQgvXog, whence ru- 
 Ihrilus, ruthilus, rutilus. Com- 
 pare Rufulus from Rufus. % 
 Wachter mentions the German 
 "rot, ruber; rote, rubor ; rotel, 
 rubrica." 
 
 Rut rum, a mattock, pick- 
 axe, spade. Fr. ruo, (i. e. eruo,) 
 ruitum, rutum, to draw or dig 
 up. Also, an instrument with 
 which sand and lime are stirred 
 up together to . make mortar. 
 See Rutabuium. 
 
 S. 
 
 Sabbatum, a sabbath. Xufi- 
 
 Sabulum, gravelly soil. For 
 saiibulum fr. sero, satum,ns Sto, 
 Staium, Stabulum. "Arena is 
 thin and barren; sabulum is 
 more thick and moist, and is 
 more fit for producing seed." 1 
 F. That is, it is more fit for 
 sowing. % Or sabulum is a 
 diminutive of sabus for samus fr. 
 
 1 " Est arena liinc inde jacta sparsaque 
 et quasi seminata." V. 
 
414 
 
 SAB- 
 
 SAL 
 
 iiupos, tyafifios, sand. % " From 
 Arab, zabeL" Tt. 
 
 Sdburra, sand for ballast. 
 Fr. sabulum. ^f " From Celt. 
 sabr." Ainsw. 
 
 Sacchdrum, sugar. Xotxp^et» 
 pov. 
 
 Saccus, a sack. £axxo$. 
 
 Sacer, sacred. Fr. clyo$, sa- 
 credness, whence ayspo$ 9 dypos; 
 hence sagrus, sagra, sagrum, 
 and sacrus, sacra, sacrum. S 
 as g£, Sex. 
 
 Sdcerdos, a priest. Fr. sacer. 
 Compare D nice Jo, Vmdis, Pal- 
 Wdus. % Or fr. sacra do. 
 
 Sacnltgus, sacrilegious. Qui 
 sacra legit. Virgil : " Vel quse 
 sublegi tacitus tibi carmina nu- 
 per." 
 
 Sceculum, an age. For secu- 
 culum or seququlum fr. sequor, 
 from one age following or suc- 
 ceeding another. ^ Or a di- 
 minutive of scecum fr. a\m 9 (an 
 age) whence aum, 1 ceCum, (as 
 <T7reo£, speCus), scecam, as epoj, 
 Sero. 
 
 Sape, often. Fr. <xU) or «lev, 
 (als',) perpetually. Hence cee, 
 s&e, (as El, Sei, Si,) whence 
 s^pe, as Zouc, daPis. ^T AI. 
 from sccpes or sepes, a hedge. 
 Scaliger : " A rustic word of 
 ancient date; for, as (sapes) a 
 hedge is thick, they expressed 
 often by s&pe, thickly/' So 
 vuxvos is first thick, then fre- 
 quent. So Raro, seldom, is 
 properly " thinly." ^f '* From 
 Hebrew SPd, copia, affluen- 
 tia." V. 
 
 Sccpes: See Sepes. 
 
 1 Compare cevum fr. aJiuv. 
 
 Scevus, cruel. ** For sccevus." 
 F. Sccevus is, untoward, per- 
 verse ; s&vus was primarily ap- 
 plied to one of untoward, ma- 
 lignant, temper. A scavum fa- 
 tum was also a s&vum fatum. 
 Vossius says on Dierectus : 
 " Festo dici videtur dies minime 
 rectus, sed scevus ac s^vus." 
 ^f " From osuoo, 1 am furious.'' 
 Ainsw. That is, <rsu Vco. 
 
 Saga, a wise woman, witch. 
 From sagio, (whence prasagio,) 
 I have keen perception or dis- 
 cernment. 
 
 Sdgax, quick-scented. Ap- 
 plied to the mind, sagacious. 
 Fr. sagio. So dico, dicax. 
 
 Sdgena, a fishing net. 2u- 
 
 Sdgina, meat for cramming 
 animals. And the place where 
 they are fattened. Fr. cay&o, 
 fut. 2. of o-«ttco, I cram, stuff. 
 
 Sagio: See Appendix. 
 
 Sagitta, a dart. Fr. uxktty], 
 pointed, fr. axl^o». Arista, acitta, 
 (as 7tItti$ for w/o-ns) sacitta (as 
 epco, Sero), sagitta. Vossius 
 compares Segesta from 'Axs<ttoi. 
 
 Sagmen, vervain, herba pura. 
 For sagimen fr. ciyiog, pure. So 
 Regimen. 
 
 Sdgum, Sdgus, a soldier's 
 cloak. 2uyo$. 
 
 Sal, sdlis, salt. Fr. dxb$ gen. 
 of uKg. As If, Sex. 
 
 Sdldcon, a poor man boasting 
 of riches. Xahxxcov. 
 
 Sdldmandra, a salamander. 
 JZct\ot[x<xvdgot. 
 
 Salar, a salmon peel ; and 
 salmo, for salimo, a salmon. 
 Fr. salio. Our term, Salmon 
 leap, agrees with this. 
 
SAL SAL 
 
 415 
 
 Sdlarium, a salary. Fr. sal. 
 " A stated allowance of meat, 
 of which salt was a necessary 
 part." JF. " For nothing is a 
 more necessary part of food than 
 salt." Ainsw. 
 
 Sdlax, lecherous. Fr. salio. 
 Varro : " Cum equus matrem 
 ut saliret adduci non posset." 
 ^[ Al. from vuhos, motion of the 
 sea. From libidinous motions 
 of the body. 
 
 Sdlebra, ce, rough places. 
 Fr. salio, as Latebra from La- 
 teo. Over which it is necessary 
 to leap perpetually. 
 
 Sdiii, priests of Mars. Fr. 
 salio ; from their leaping and 
 capering as they carried the 
 sacred bucklers. Livy : " Sa- 
 lios duodecim legit, ac per Ur- 
 bem ire canentes carmina cum 
 tripudiis solennique saltatu 
 jussit." Hence Saliares Epulae 
 in Horace. 
 
 Salio, I leap. Fr. aXXco, 
 whence aKKo^ui, I leap. As 
 oihAoz, alius. 
 
 Saliva, spittle. Fr. <ria\ov, 
 whence aoiiXov, cruhiov, salia, 
 saliVa. Or whence sialiva. 
 ^f Or fr. sal, salis, from its 
 briny nature. As Cado, Cadi- 
 va. 
 
 Salix, a willow. Todd : 
 " Salh Sax. The Sax. sal, 
 black, is considered by Thwaites 
 as the root. Morin remarks 
 that salix is properly selix fr. 
 ski*}), signifying the same thing." 
 That is, salicis is from Ia/xij, and 
 salix abridged from salicis. Or 
 salix is fr. e\i%, which Haigh 
 says is the same as salix, E 
 into A, as pEviw, mAneo. ^f 
 
 Quayle refers to Celt, saileog. 
 % " From Hebr. tsala." Tt. 
 
 Salio, I salt. Fr. sal. 
 
 Salmactdus, briny and sour. 
 Fr. uXfxYj, brine ; and acidus. 
 
 Salmo : See Salar. 
 
 Salopygium, a wag-tail. Fr. 
 oraAOj, motion ; iruyr], rump or 
 tail. 
 
 Salpa, a stock-fish. Xa.\-nt\. 
 
 Sa/pincta, Salpicta, a trum- 
 peter. J£uh7riyxTYi$. 
 
 Saltern, at least. From aAA' 
 Scrag, whence altar, saltar, (as 
 'Aprioo, Sartio, Sarcio,) whence 
 saltern, as Autem from AuTotp. 
 ^f Al. for sautem, (as vice versa 
 the Cretan auxa for «Ax«) sin au- 
 tem : But if not this, at least 
 that, ^f Donatus derives it from 
 the cry of Salutem by captives : 
 Spare my life, if nothing else. 
 
 Saltus, a wood ; or, a lawn in 
 a park. Fr. salio, saltiim, from 
 the leaping and frisking of ani- 
 mals in a lawn or open space in 
 a grove, ^f Or from <x\rca pf. 
 pass, of ahluj, to cause to grow, 
 whence aAcroj, a grove. S ad- 
 ded, as in Sagitta, Si, &c. 
 Wachter notices a word aASoj. 
 
 Sdluber, healthful. Fr. salus. 
 
 Sdlum, sea, deep sea, rough 
 sea. 2xXog. 
 
 Sdlus, safety, health. From 
 cruos, safe. 
 
 Sdluto, I greet. I wish (sa- 
 lutem) health to. 
 
 Salvia, sage. Fr. salvus, from 
 its salutary qualities. " Cur 
 moriatur homo, cui salvia cres* 
 cit in horto ?" Schola Salentina. 
 
 Salvus, safe, whole. Fr. 
 salus, whence salivus, like Cado, 
 Cadivus: then salvus. 
 
416 
 
 SAM- 
 
 SAP 
 
 Sambuca, a sackbut ; a draw- 
 bridge. ZapfiuxYi. 
 
 Sambucus, an alder tree. Fr. 
 sambuca, a sackbut, which was 
 made of it. 
 
 Sdmia, a kind of cake. From 
 the island Samos, where the 
 best samia were made and used 
 in the sacrifices of Juno. 
 
 Sancio, I decree, ordain. For 
 sacio fr. sacer. Or fr. dyioco, 
 uyivo, I consecrate. I conse- 
 crate a law by the offering of 
 a victim. 
 
 Sanctus, made sacred by de- 
 cree or law ; sacred. Fr. sancio, 
 sancitum, sanctum. " Deo aut 
 rebus divinis sancitus, ut sunt 
 tempora et loca." W. 
 
 Sanctis: See Appendix. 
 
 Sanddlium, a sandal. £o>vl&- 
 Ajov. 
 
 Sandapila : See Appendix. 
 
 Sanddrdcha, a kind of red 
 paint. Sav^aga.^, 
 
 Sandix, Satidyx, a kind of 
 red pigment. 2avh%, <rccvlv%. 
 
 Sane, truly, of a truth, indeed. 
 ]t seems properly to mean, fide 
 integra et incorrupta, integre, 
 oninino. Without any reserva- 
 tion. a Sane dicitur quod sand 
 mente dicitur, a cujusmodi dic- 
 tis mains dolus abest." V. Or 
 sane may mean, soberly and 
 discreetly speaking. Or sanh is 
 wholly. Thus u Non sane 
 intelligo" means, I do not 
 wholly know. Terence: 
 " Nempe ergo aperte vis, quae 
 restant, me loqui ? — Sane qui- 
 dem/' Yes wholly so, entirely 
 so, unreservedly, &c. 
 
 Sanguindrius, blood-thirsty. 
 Gaudens sanguine et ca?dibus. 
 
 Sanguineus, of the color (san- 
 guinis) of blood. 
 
 Sanguis, Sanguen, 
 
 Sanies: See Appendix. 
 
 Sanna : See Appendix. 
 
 Sdno, I heal. Sanum facio. 
 
 Sanqudlis avis, an ospray. 
 As being under the protection of 
 the God Sancus or Sanquus. 
 So the pie was devoted to Mars, 
 the eagle to Jove, the peacock 
 to Juno, &c. 
 
 Santonica herba, wormwood. 
 From the Santones, a people of 
 Aquitanian Gaul, where it vege- 
 tated. 
 
 Sdnus, sound, whole, in a 
 sound state of body or mind. 
 For sails fr. traog. So IJXeog, 
 PleNus. 
 
 Sdpa, 
 
 Sdperda, some fish caught in 
 the Euxine. £ct7repdY}g. 
 
 Sapiens, wise. Fr. sapio. 
 
 Saplnus, Sapptnus : See Ap- 
 pendix. 
 
 Sapio: See Appendix. 
 
 Sapio, I am discerning, dis- 
 creet, am judicious, sensible, or 
 wise. Hill : " The mental ta- 
 lent is held analogous to the 
 sense of taste, which, when ex- 
 quisite, catches the slightest 
 differences subsisting among its 
 objects. Both are equally acute 
 in apprehending and scrutinising 
 their respective objects." % Al. 
 from orofla, wisdom. 
 
 Sdpo, soap. A Gallic word. 
 Pliny : " Prodest et sapo. Gal- 
 lorum hoc inventum." Wach- 
 ter : " Anglo-Sax. sape, Suec. 
 sapa, Belg. zeep, Welsh se- 
 bon." 
 
 Sapor, relish, savor, smack. 
 
SAP- 
 
 SAT 
 
 417 
 
 Wit or raillery, from its high 
 zest or gout. See Sapio. 
 
 Sapphicum carmen, a verse 
 imitated from Sappho. Sav- 
 <pixov. 
 
 Sapphirus, a sapphire. 2om- 
 
 Saraballa, a Persian gar- 
 ment. Becman : " From the 
 Chaldee sarabalim" Saraba- 
 ra also exists in the same sense, 
 and is found in the Septuagint. 
 Daniel 3,21: Ka) ja <rapa^a- 
 
 Sarcasmus, a sarcasm. Xap- 
 
 Sarcina, a bundle, pack, 
 baggage. Fr. sarcio. As made 
 of pieces botched and patched 
 together. 
 
 Sarcio, I patch, mend, re- 
 pair ; i make amends for, com- 
 pensate. Fr. StpTico fut. of ap- 
 ti^co, I repair. Hence sartio, 
 sarcio. 1 
 
 Sarcophagus, a sarcophagus; 
 a tomb. £apxo<payos. 
 
 Sarculum, a hoe, rake. For 
 sarriculum fr. sarrio. As Ver- 
 ro, Verriculum. 
 
 Sarda : See Appendix. 
 
 Sardinia, Sardina, a kind 
 of fish. "From the island of 
 Sardinia:' F. 
 
 Sardonius risus, a sardonic 
 grin. Hotp§covio$ ysXcos, 
 
 Sardonyx, a sardonyx. Xap- 
 dovv%. 
 
 Sardoa herba, a herb resem- 
 bling smallage. Xapftwu. 
 
 Sargus, an Egyptian fish. 
 Sapyos» 
 
 Sdrissa, a Macedonian spear. 
 
 Sarmadacus : See Appendix. 
 
 Sarmentum, the lopping of a 
 vine, twig cut off. For sarpimen- 
 turn fr. sarpo, I prune, lop. 
 As Moneo, Monimentum. 
 
 Sarpo, I prune. Fr. cLpitv\, a 
 sickle. Or fr. dp-vaca, apnea. 
 Hesychius : ' Apncibpai, Ipznavoa 
 x.s%pyifActi. 
 
 Sarracum : See Appendix. 
 
 Sarrio, Sario, I weed, hoe, 
 rake. Fr. (rapoco, or o-apco fut. 
 of aralpuo, explained by Donne- 
 gan, " to sweep, brush, or clean 
 in general." That is, I clean 
 or clear the ground. 
 
 Sartdgo, a frying-pan. Hence 
 a motley mixture. For sarco- 
 tago, from crap?, (rapxbg, flesh ; 
 and rkaya Doric pf. mid. of 
 tyjxco, to melt. That is, aflesh- 
 melter. ^f Or for sarmentago 
 fr. sarmentum, a twig. Some- 
 what as Craticula is a gridiron 
 from Crates, a hurdle. 2 
 
 Sartus, patched, repaired. 
 Fr. sarcio, sarcitum, sartum. 
 
 Sas, for Eas. Sos for Eos. 
 Sum for Eum. For has, hos, 
 hum. Has and hos are the ac- 
 cus. pi. of hie, and hum may 
 be for humc, hunc. As Sic for 
 Hie. % Or from as, ous, ov, 
 whom. As Homer uses o$ for 
 He. ^f Jamieson refers nom. 
 sa to Mceso-Goth. si, so, soh, 
 Franc, sia, Icel. su. 
 
 Sat, for satis, 
 
 Satdgo, I have my hands full 
 of business, sat habeo quod 
 
 ' Al. from ffdw pdnea, I make good or 2 " Casaubon thinks it of Syriac ori- 
 repair rags ; whence saracio, sarcio. gin." V. 
 
 Etym. 3 g 
 
418 
 
 SAT 
 
 SAT 
 
 agam. I am busily occupied, 
 busy. 
 
 Satan, Satanas, Satan. 2a- 
 t«v, XaTavag. 
 
 Sat elks, — 
 
 Sdtias, sufficiency, satiety. 
 Fr. satis or satio. Or for sa- 
 tietas. 
 
 Sdties, Sdtietas, satiety. Fr. 
 satis or satio. 
 
 Satio, 1 satisfy, satiate, cloy. 
 Fr. (tuttu), I stuff. The second 
 T turned to I, as the second L 
 in "AXXosj Alius. % Al. from 
 satis, 
 
 Sdtior, better. Fr. satis. 
 That is, more sufficient for any 
 purpose, more adapted. Or, 
 more satisfactory. 
 
 Satis, enough. Fr. satio. ^f 
 Al. from ados, satiety. For 
 sadis. 5f Al. from the North. 
 " Goth, sad itan, is to eat to 
 satiety, Matth. vii, 27." W. 
 
 Satisdo, I give a sufficient 
 security for the performance of 
 anything, give bail. Satis do. 
 
 Satrapes, a satrap. Xa- 
 rganYis. 
 
 Satur, stuffed, well-fed. Bear- 
 ing a full crop, fertile. Well 
 dyed, saturated. Fr. satis. 
 
 Satura i. e. lanx, a platter 
 (satura) crammed with various 
 kinds of fruits. Also, a law em- 
 bracing various distinct parti- 
 cul rs. 
 
 Sdtureia: See Appendix. 
 
 Saturnalia, festivals (Saturni) 
 of Saturn. 
 
 Satumus, Saturn. Jamieson : 
 u The Saxons, a nation of Scy- 
 thic origin, worshipped Saturn 
 under the name of Seater. The 
 same day of the week was con- 
 
 secrated to him, which bore his 
 name in the Roman calendar. 
 in the Anglo-Sax. version, 
 Matth. xvi, 1, it is called s&- 
 temes-decg. It has been deduced 
 from the Phrygian word sadorn, 
 strong or potent. But the scythe 
 or reaping-hook given to Sa- 
 turn, and the handful of ears at 
 his feet, evidently refer to the 
 cultivation of the soil, which 
 men were supposed to be taught 
 by this deity. Anglo-Sax. sce- 
 dere, Goth, sadur, signify a 
 sower, from sceda, to sow, 
 whence seed, seed. Varro assigns 
 a similar origin to the Latin 
 name : Ab satu est dictus Satur- 
 nus" Wachter: "Baxter re- 
 fers Turnus and Satumus to 
 the Celt, teyrn, tyrannus, king, 
 and the Celtic article sa. The 
 latter is not so plain. This I 
 know, that sa is the Gothic, and 
 se the Anglo-Saxon article." % 
 Jamieson states in a note : " Our 
 fathers, says Macrobius, called 
 Saturn napa t^v crafojv, virile 
 membrum. Goth, sater is syn- 
 onymous with <r«0>}." ' 
 
 Sdturo, I sate, fill full. Fr. 
 satur. 
 
 Satus, sown, planted. Fr. 
 sero, say all. But satus and sero 
 are not very like. Is satus for 
 set us, as rEor, rAtus. Setus 
 for seritus. Goth, sceda is to 
 sow. Wachter mentions the 
 Beig. saatj seed, Pers. sade, a 
 son, Slavonic siati, to sow. 
 
 Satyra, a satire. " There 
 
 1 Vossius refers Satumus to Hebrew 
 STR, to hide oneself : whence the god 
 Latius. 
 
SAT- 
 
 ■SCA 
 
 419 
 
 were two kinds. The first was 
 used for open reproof and cen- 
 sure of vices ; the other con- 
 sisted in the variety of things and 
 measures of verse. The one is 
 referred to the (Satyri) Satyrs, 
 from their wit and raillery ; or 
 because it treated of ridiculous 
 and obscene subjects, like the 
 topics chosen by the Satyrs ; or 
 because in the ancient satire the 
 characters of the Satyrs or per- 
 sons like them were introduced. 
 The other to satura, a medley." 
 F. 
 
 Satyrion, the herb ragwort. 
 
 Sdtyrus, a Satyr. 2&Tvpog. 
 
 Saucius, wounded. From ov- 
 tio$, formed from out«co or ovtsoo, 
 to wound. Hence autius, (as 
 OuS*, HAud) and saucius, as 
 Sarcio from agriw. % Wachter 
 notices the Scythian "sak, noxa ; 
 saka, nocere." Whiter notices 
 the Scotch seuch, to cut. 
 
 Savium, for Suavium. 
 
 Saxum, a rock, crag ; a rock, 
 stone, flint. Fr. a£u> fut. of 
 ayw, uyvvpi, to break : as Sar- 
 cio from 'Apriw. So Rupes from 
 Rumpo. % Al. from crafw fut. 
 of (tuttw, onero 
 
 Scabellum, a little bench. For 
 scamellum, (as hyBernus for 
 hyMernus,) from scamnum. As 
 Flagrum, Flagellum. 1 
 
 1 " Scabellum est etiam instrumentum 
 musicum, quod atibicine in scena. pede 
 pulsabatur, dum manu et ore tibiam 
 inflaret : simile parvo suppedaneo Hgneo 
 concavo quod lignea itidem sole& aut 
 ferret pedi indita percutiebatur, vel lig- 
 neas sculponeae altiori et fissae quae agita- 
 tione et ictu pedis strepebat, certisque 
 
 Scaber, rough, rugged, scaly ; 
 of a rugged skin, and so scabby. 
 Fr. scabo, to scratch. Rough 
 as if scratched and clawed. 
 
 Scabies, roughness ; rough- 
 ness of skin, scab, scall, mange, 
 itch ; and hence excitement, al- 
 lurement. See Scaber. 
 
 Scabo, I scratch, claw. Fr. 
 o-xaj3«3 fut. 2. of orxot7TTco, I dig. 
 As Fodico is allied to Fodio. 
 Germ, schaben. 
 
 Scabres, roughness. Fr. sca- 
 ber, scabra. 
 
 Scava, an omen. Fr. scceva, 
 left. Scceva was an omen bad 
 or good, but usually bad. The 
 ancients augured not always in 
 the same manner from the same 
 hand. 
 
 Scamtas, perverseness, unto- 
 wardness. Fr. sccevus, left, and 
 hence awkward, untoward. 
 
 Sccevus, left. For scaus fr. 
 crxaio'f. As \uio$, laeVus. 
 
 Scales, a ladder. For scan- 
 dulcs, scandla, fr. scando. If 
 Vossius thinks it a Gothic word. 
 
 Scalenus, uneven, scalene. 
 
 Scalmus, a thowl, a round 
 piece of wood to which an oar 
 was tied. XkuX^os. 
 
 Scalpo, I cut, carve. Fr. 
 yXufyco, <ryXot<pot), (as X is added 
 in 2imx§Is, SxanTcu, &c.) thence 
 sclapho, scalpho, scalpo. So 
 Sculpo is from rx6<pu, whence 
 ZyXvtpco, Sclupho, Sculpho, 
 Sculpo. 2, 
 
 ictuum intervailis non ingratum sonitum, 
 semper tamen eundem edebat." F. 
 2 Al. from <TKd\\o>, to dig. 
 
420 
 
 SCA- 
 
 SCA 
 
 Scambus, bowlegged. Xxctfjc- 
 
 Scdmilli, steps on the pedes- 
 tals of columns. For scamnilli 
 fr. scamnum. So Flagellum 
 for FlagRellum. 
 
 Scamma, dtis, the pit of a 
 stage for wrestlers. Xxol^ol. 
 
 Scammonia, scammony .Xxap.- 
 
 fX'JOvlot. 
 
 Scamnum, a pair of steps for 
 mounting a high bed; a stool. 
 Stephens : " £xapvu, scamna, 
 apud Isocr. Unde o-xajuv/a, 
 apud eundem. Vulg. lex." I 
 do not find this word in the 
 Index to Isocrates. ^f Or per- 
 haps from g-xy)7too, to lean or 
 rest on ; whence a word <rx>j- 
 ttjvov, Dor. (TXU7TIV0V, gxclitvov, 
 scapnum, then scamnum, as 
 daMnum for daPnum. 
 
 Scanddlum, astumblingblock. 
 JfxavSaAov. 
 
 Scandidna mala. " Pliny 
 says they are called from one 
 Scandius, as Manliana from 
 Manlius, Matiana from Matius, 
 &c. Hence they are not to be 
 heard who derive the name from 
 Scandia, an island of the North- 
 ern Ocean/' F. 
 
 Scando, I climb. Fr. scado, 
 (as FraNgo for Frago ; and in- 
 deed the Greeks said o-xav$aAov 
 from (rxoc^oo,) fr. crxaSw fut. 2. of 
 crxaQjo, to limp. For one, who 
 climbs, represents the motion of 
 one who limps. 1 
 
 Scandula or Scindula, a lath, 
 shingle. Fr. scindo, if we ad- 
 
 1 Haigh : " Fr. aKa8u>, JEolic for crira- 
 6'2, from (nr&dr), a spattle, a comb, to 
 which a ladder bears some resemblance." 
 
 mit the latter writing. Those, 
 who write it scandula, derive it 
 fr. scando, from the notion of 
 one lath mounting above ano- 
 ther; in which case, says Vos- 
 sius, it must have been first 
 said of laths used for roofing 
 houses. 
 
 Scdpha, a skiff. Xxk^. 
 
 Scdphe, Scdphium, a cham- 
 berpot. A vessel to drink out 
 of in shape like a boat ; &c. 
 SxolQy), &xa.<plov. 
 
 Scapula, a shoulder-blade. 
 For scaphula fr. crxa^jj, consi- 
 dered as meaning generally any- 
 thing hollowed or hollow. 
 That is, a little hollow. Thus 
 Ainsworth derives it " ob cavi- 
 tatem." Or crxaf>j may be 
 taken as a skiff. Thus Turton 
 explains Scapha " the internal 
 circumference of the ear : so 
 called from its resemblance to 
 the inside of a skiff." Gregory 
 indeed stages the scapula to be a 
 flat bone, and the Greeks call 
 it oufji,07r\oLTY). But I have be- 
 fore me at this moment a human 
 shoulder-blade, the surface of 
 which forms a little hollow or 
 cavity, and may most justly be 
 called a scaphula, a little boat or 
 a little cavity. ^[ Al. from 
 o-kuttu) fut. 2. of o-xiwct), to cover, 
 protect. ^[ "From Hebr. 
 schipha" Tt. 
 
 Scdpus, the stalk or stem of a 
 herb. Anything in its form. 
 From <rxr)7Tu)v, Dor. <rxu7rwv ; or 
 <rxr]7ro£, Dor, crx5»ro£. 
 
 Scdrdb&us, a beetle. Fr. 
 xxgapog, (Txotpa^og, a beetle. 
 
 Scdrifico or rather Scdrifo, 
 I make an incision. Sxagnput. 
 
SCA 
 
 SCI 
 
 421 
 
 Scarus, a char fish. 2x<xpo$. 
 
 Scateo, I bubble or flow 
 forth like water from a spring. 
 Transposed for staceo, as Specio 
 for Scepio. Staceo is soft for 
 stageo, (as misCeo from purree»,) 
 from array ew or crrayco fut. 2. of 
 cra^co, I drop, distil. 
 
 Scaurus, having projecting 
 ankles. Fr. o-xotvpog, which 
 word Donnegan has admitted. 
 
 Scdzon, a limping iambic 
 verse. XxotZpv. 
 
 Sceletus, a skeleton. 2xe\e- 
 
 Scelus, wickedness. Fr. <rxe\- 
 Ao£, (<rxe\o$,) perverse, allied to 
 <rxohio$, oblique. Compare the 
 senses of Pravus. 
 
 Sccna, a bower ; a stage 
 shaded by foliage. Zxyivyj. 
 
 Sceptrum, a spear, staff, scep- 
 tre. Xxriitrpov. 
 
 Sceptuchus, one who holds a 
 sceptre, a ruler. Sx^tttov^os. 
 
 Scheda, a scroll or leaf. %x*~ 
 
 Schedios, made in haste or at 
 the instant. £yjfoos. 
 
 Schema, a habit, garb ; figure 
 of speech ; &c. XxW u * 
 
 Schidice, chips. Fr. <rp£i&« : 
 
 or a word 
 
 *X 
 
 Mou. 
 
 Schisma, dtis, seism, Xxurpa. 
 Schcenobdtes, a rope-dancer. 
 
 Schcenum, a rush. X%o7i/o£. 
 Schola, a school ; &c. -5%o- 
 
 Sciaticus, for ischiadicus. 
 
 Scilicet, you may know; to 
 wit ; you may be sure, surely ; 
 ^ &c. For scire licet. So Ilicet, 
 Videlicet. 
 
 Scilla, a squill, sea-onion. 
 £xl\Xx, 
 
 Scimpodium, a small couch. 
 
 XxipTTO^UiV. 
 
 Scindo, I rend. For scido, 
 (as N is added in Lingo,) fr. 
 (r^jSw fut. 2. of vyjZp. The 
 Greeks themselves introduced 
 the N in «r^vSaAju-oV. Wachter 
 notices Germ, scheiden. 
 
 Scindula: See Scandula. 
 
 Scintilla, a spark. Fr. <rvivQv)p, 
 a spark ; iEol. o-xivQyg, whence 
 scintherula, scintella, scintilla, 
 or scintherula, scintherilla, scin- 
 tilla. 
 
 Scio, 1 know. From "urxo>, 
 
 (TXICO. 
 
 Scipio, a staff. Hxi7ra)v. 
 
 Scirpus,n rush withouta knot. 
 Fr. o-xapKpog, a reed, straw, &c. 
 whence <rxgl<$Q$ 9 <rx(p<pos, scir- 
 phus. 
 
 Sciscitor, I enquire. Fr. 
 scisco, sciscitum. 
 
 Scisco, I know, learn, ascer- 
 tain ; enquire that I may know. 
 So Cognitio is used for hearing 
 that we may know and judge. 
 Fr. scio, as Hio, Hisco. 
 
 Scisco, I vote, decree. That 
 is, I know the merits of a case, 
 and therefore give my opinion 
 and vote on it. For voting and 
 decreeing suppose the presence 
 of information and knowlege, 
 and the absence of ignorance, in 
 the subject voted and decreed. 
 Forcellini : " Quia non solet 
 dici sententia, neque decerni, 
 nisi de iis quae plane sciuntur" 
 So yivw<rxw is both to know and 
 to decree. Compare Notio. 
 ^f Al. for sancisco from sancio. 
 
 Scissus, for scidsus, from scido 
 whence scindo. 
 
 Scitdmenta, dainties. Fr. set- 
 tus, fine, elegant, delicate. 
 
422 
 
 SCI- 
 
 SCR 
 
 Scitor, I enquire that I may 
 know. Fr. scio, scitum or scis- 
 co, set scitum. 
 
 Scitum, an ordinance. Fr. 
 scisco, sciscitum, sciitum. 
 
 Scitus, knowing, skilful, dex- 
 terous, clever ; exquisitely or 
 finely done ; fine, elegant. Fr. 
 scio, scitum. 
 
 Sciurus, a squirrel. Hxiou- 
 
 Scobs, scobis, sawdust, scra- 
 pings. From a verb ctxotjtco, 
 (formed from xoWw, to hew : 
 as from 2y\u<pw for JTAa^co is 
 Scalpo, and from £yXu<poo for 
 r\v$u> is Seulpo,) fut. 2. arxo7ru> 
 or <rxo<p<j>. Or for cobs, cobis, 
 from K07TTU), xo<\tw. If Al. for 
 scabs, scabis. That which comes 
 a scabendo. 
 
 Scolopendra, a scolopendra. 
 ^xoXoTrsvdpu. 
 
 Scomber, t% a mackerel. 
 JUxopfipog. 
 
 Scopes, 
 
 Scopio, Scopus, — — — - 
 
 Scopulus, a high rock. £xo- 
 
 Scopus, an end, design. Xxo- 
 
 7T0$. 
 
 Scorddlus, swaggering, va- 
 poring. For scorodalus fr. o~xo- 
 polov, garlic. Salmasius: " it 
 is used for bold ; for garlic was 
 giveu to gamecocks to make 
 them fight with greater bold- 
 ness." 
 
 Scoria, dross. 2xcaplu. 
 
 Scorpio, a scorpion. Xxop- 
 
 7110$. 
 
 Scortum, a skin, hide. Fr. 
 xopTov, cut off or drawn off. 
 See Corium and Cortex. S 
 added as in Scalpo, Sculpo. 
 If Al. from yoopvrov, ycogTov, a 
 
 quiver made of skin, supposed 
 to have signified originally any- 
 thing made of leather. Hence 
 sgortum, scortum. See Scal- 
 po. 
 
 Scortum, meretrix. Pro scor- 
 dum, a Q-xogoQa> 9 (trxoghu),) coeo. 
 ^f Alii referunt ad prius scor- 
 tum, ex variis causis. " Qudd, 
 se prostituentes, pellem nu- 
 dam ostentent." V. " Quod 
 solerent dicere se attulisse pro 
 scorto [seu scortea veste] pel- 
 licula m," says Festus. 
 
 Screo, I hawk, retch. Fr. 
 Xgzw whence xpspt.7rTOfjt.oti. % 
 Al. from the sound. 
 
 Scriblita, a kind of tart. Fr. 
 scribo. From marks or cha- 
 racters inscribed on it. But 
 others read striblita and strebli- 
 ta fr. <TTgej3Xoj, twisted. As our 
 Tart is from Tortus. 
 
 Scrzbo, I write. For scripho, 
 (as olpt,<Pai, am Bo,) fr. vxapifyui 
 {vxqouQw), I make a scratch, 
 trace or mark with a pencil, 
 pin, &c. The Germ, schreiben, 
 Belg. schryfen, are referred by 
 Wachter to scribo. 
 
 Scrinium, an escritoire, desk. 
 For scribinium fr. scribo. % 
 Al. for secernium or secerni- 
 uium a secernendo. Or under 
 the same notion for crinium 
 from xqtvoo. 
 
 Sctiplum, a scruple. Writ- 
 ten also scriptlum, scriptulum 
 fr. scribo, scriptum ; as ypappu 
 from ypu<pu) is so used. 
 
 Scrobs, scrobis, a ditch, fur- 
 row. From the North. "Germ. 
 grube, Goth, grobs, Anglo-Sax. 
 graf, grap, Franc, gruobo, 
 kruopa. With which agrees 
 Lat. scrobs. All from graben, 
 
SCR SCU 
 
 423 
 
 to dig." W. Grahen is much 
 the same as ypa<pw, ^f Or scro- 
 bis may be from a word ygoco, 
 ypo7TTcu or ygoQoo, to cut, grave, 
 furrow ; whence appear to come 
 ypo<r<po$, a javelin,' and yp6fx<po$, 
 a sow. rpoa) is allied to ypacu, 
 whence ypcupoo. Scrobis from 
 rpo<pcjo, as Sculpo from rXvtpw. 
 ^f Or ypctfyw was written ygdtyco, 
 as Vossius states the iEolians 
 said (rrgOrog for (TTpAro^ &c. 
 ^f Al. for scrabs, scrabis, (as 
 some think Scobs, Scobis, is put 
 for Scabs, Scabis,) from ypuQca, 
 or from ^apaca, (whence ^upoKr- 
 coo,) %paco, y^pairjoo, &C. 
 
 Scrofa, a sow which has had 
 pigs. Soft for scromfa fr. ypo^- 
 <pa?. See Scalpo. Or for scrom- 
 fa, scroffa. 1 
 
 Scrofula, the king's evil. Fr. 
 scrofa. Because swine are sub- 
 ject to it. So Gr. palpus fr. 
 X<>~tpoc. 
 
 Scrotum, Pro scortum, pel- 
 lis. ^f Seu a yoopvTQg, (ygcorhs 
 seu ygvros,) theca sagittarum. 
 Sic Sculpo a r\v$(jo. 
 
 Scrupulus, a small stone ; an 
 obstacle; a doubt, difficulty. 
 Fr. scrupus, 
 
 Scrupus, a rough stone or 
 pebble. 2xvpa$Yi$ is stony, 
 rocky, from a-xugo§, a hard sub- 
 stance, and so a stone or rock. 
 From a-xvgog might have been a 
 word (rxvpcKpog, as from vxlpos 
 is <rxipoi<po$ 9 a die. From crxupa- 
 <$o$ we should have <rxpv<poc, 
 scruphus, scrupus. 
 
 Scruta, drum, old trash or 
 
 1 Al. for scroba. From the scrobes 
 which it makes. 
 
 trumpery. Fr. ypuTY h See Scal- 
 po. 
 
 Scrutor, 1 seek diligently. 
 That is, I hunt after {scruta) the 
 veriest minutiae. 
 
 Sculcatorice naves, ships of 
 observation. From Goth, skiol- 
 ka, to skulk. 
 
 Sculna, the same as seques- 
 tris ; and for seculna or se- 
 quulna, fr. sequor, like seques- 
 tris. So Ficus, Ficulna. ^f Al. 
 from seco. ,( Quod lites secet 
 ac dirimat." W. 
 
 Sculpo : See Scalpo. 
 
 SculponecB, wooden shoes or 
 clogs. Fr. sculpo, somewhat 
 as Scribonius from Scribo. 
 Rustic shoes hollowed out 
 from solid wood. 
 
 Scurra, a buffoon. Fr. vxcop, 
 dung. Being as vile as dung, 
 or jesting on low and filthy sub- 
 jects. It was often applied, 
 however, to men who enter- 
 tained the rich with elegant wit 
 and humour. *j[ Hence it is 
 rather for securra, sequwra, 
 from sequor, Sequor, i. e. colo, 
 morem gero. Or scurra may 
 be explained one who keeps 
 close to the rich and amuses 
 them with his conversation for 
 the sake of good living. An 
 assecla. ^f Wachter notices 
 Germ. scheren, illudo, subsanno. 
 
 Scutale, the thong of a sling. 
 SxvTakYj. 
 
 Scutella, a trencher or platter. 
 From scutra, or scutula, ^f Al. 
 from Celt, scutell, scuttle. 
 
 Scutica, a leathern thong. Fr. 
 (tkutixy] fr. (Txvrog, hide. 
 
 Scutra, a chaffern, vessel to 
 warm water in. " Perhaps from 
 
424 
 
 scu- 
 
 •SEC 
 
 its being in the shape of a (scu- 
 tum) shield." F. If Al. from 
 X^ T P U > a P ot ma de from earthen- 
 ware. 
 
 Scutula, a rod ; roller, cylin- 
 der. SxvTahYj. 
 
 Scutula, from signifying a 
 rod, signifies (iike 'Potffiog and 
 Virga,) a stripe or streak. 
 Hence scutulata vestis is ex- 
 plained by Forcellini " streaked, 
 striped, checkered like a cob- 
 web." As in Virgil, " Virgatis 
 lucent sagulis," he explains Vir- 
 gatis " distinctis maculis et pla- 
 gulis in modum retis et cancel- 
 lorum distinctis ; diamonded, 
 checkered." From this checker- 
 ing in the form of cobwebs, 
 nets, and balustrades, scutulce 
 were applied to little pieces of 
 stone or marble inlaid in tessel- 
 lated pavements and cut in the 
 form of diamonds and lozenges. 
 ^[ Al. from scutra. ^f Al. from 
 scutum. But the first U should 
 thus be long. 
 
 Scutum, a buckler. As cover- 
 ed with (trxvTof) hide. 
 
 Scymnus, a lion's whelp. 
 2xvpvo$. 
 
 Scyphus, a large cup. £xv- 
 
 Scytdla, a staff used by the 
 Lacedaemonians in sending pri- 
 vate orders to their generals. 
 
 Se, himself. From I, as Sex 
 from"E£. 
 
 Se — , six, as in Sejugi. For 
 sex, 
 
 Se — , privately. For seor- 
 sum. 
 
 Se — , half. For semis. 
 
 Sebum, Sevum, tallow, suet. 
 
 For suebum, suevum, fr. sus, 
 suis. Cl Quod plus pingui- 
 tudinis hoc animal habet." 
 Ainsw. We say, As fat as a 
 pig or a hog. ^f Welsh sebon 
 is soap. See Sapo. 
 
 Secespita, a long knife used 
 in sacrifices. A secando. W T e 
 may in some measure compare 
 the termination pitis in Caespitis. 
 
 Secius, more or less other- 
 wise ; not otherwise for that, 
 not the less for that, neverthe- 
 less. Fr. secus. 
 
 Seco, I cut. Fr. few, i. e. 
 cseo, transp. seco. On the other 
 hand, Scio is from *I<rxw, Xxica. 
 " Gr. %zeiv, Lat. seco, Germ.s^- 
 gen, Bohem.se/cam, Engl.sao?." 
 W. 
 
 Secors, same as Socors. Fr. 
 seorsim and cors. We have 
 secors or socors, as we neglect 
 the O or the £. 
 
 Secretus, separated ; retired. 
 Fr. secretum supine of secerno, 
 to sift, separate. 
 
 Secta, an opinion, way ; sect, 
 party. Fr. sector, as we fol- 
 low an opinion or party. Or 
 for secuta, taken in a passive 
 sense: That which is followed, 
 ^f Al. from seco, sectum. From 
 the notion of splitting into par- 
 ties. 
 
 Sector, I follow. Fr. sequor, 
 secutum, sectum. 
 
 Sector. Adam : w f f any one 
 was indebted to several persons 
 and could not find a cautioner 
 within 60 days, his body lite- 
 rally according to some, but 
 more probably his effects, might 
 be cut in pieces and divided 
 among his creditors. Thus sectio 
 
SEC 
 
 SEC 
 
 425 
 
 is put for the purchase of the 
 whole booty of any place, or of 
 the whole effects of a proscribed 
 person; and sectores for the 
 purchasers, because they made 
 profit by selling them in 
 parts." 
 
 Secundum, immediately after, 
 behind ; just by, nigh ; along ; 
 in conformity with, according 
 to. For sequundum fr. sequor. 
 That is, in that situation as to 
 follow close with. 
 
 Secundus, second. For se- 
 quundus,(\\ke Gerundus, whence 
 Gerunds,) because one who is 
 second follows the first. 
 
 Stcundus, helping and assist- 
 ing. As applied to things fol- 
 lowing us, going after us as 
 we go, and coinciding with our 
 wishes. See above. 
 
 Securis, an axe. Fr. seco. 1 
 
 Securus, careless ; without 
 care. Qui est seorsim a curd. 
 So Secors. % Quayle notices 
 Celt, sokair. Wachter : " Germ. 
 richer, Anc. Brit, sicer, Belg. 
 zeher, seeker. All from secu- 
 rus." 
 
 Secus, the same as secundum, 
 and for sequus fr. sequor, whence 
 secundum. " In this sense it 
 occurs in intrinsecus, extrinse- 
 cus." V. 
 
 Secus, in another way, other- 
 wise. Also, otherwise than 
 what could be wished, unsuc- 
 
 1 " Al. for semi and curis, a spear 
 (though se for semi is long, and cu in 
 curis is short) : from its being on one 
 side sharp, on the other fit for digging 
 with ; whereas, if it is sharp on both sides, 
 it is called Bipennis. Or, because it has 
 a hilt half as short as that of a spear." i\ 
 
 Etum. 
 
 cessfully, in vain, as Gr. aMoog. 
 Fr. exag, far. That is, far dif- 
 ferently, ^f Al. from seco, to 
 cut, divide, separate. 
 
 Secus, a sex. Fr. secus, other- 
 wise. The sexes having their 
 formation different from each 
 other. " Quia aliter se ha- 
 bet corpus fceminae ac maris." V. 
 
 Sed, Set, but. Scaliger : 
 " For se, apart from, diversely, 
 and et. Thus, f Tu curris, sed 
 ego sedeo' is : You run, and 
 1, differently from you, sit." % 
 Or from 8g, transp. 18, whence 
 sed, as from El is Sei, Si. % 
 Al. from sed-eo, for se-eo, i. e. 
 seorsim-eo, as in Seditio. z ^f 
 Jatnieson refers to Suio-Gothic 
 saet, satt, truly ; as the Latin 
 Vertim is used for But. 
 
 Sedeo, I sit. Fr. l$o$, a seat ; 
 as*E?, Sex. 
 
 Seditio, dissension, broil. For 
 se-itio (as proeo, pro Deo), a 
 going separately or in diverse 
 ways. 
 
 : Sedo, I allay, settle. Fr. 
 sedi pf. of sedeo. 1 make to 
 sit. Virgil : <( Cum venti posu- 
 ere omnisque repente resedit 
 Flatus." 
 
 Sedulus, attentive. Fr. sedi 
 pf. of sedeo, like Assiduus. % 
 Some translate it also, faithful, 
 honest : for se-dolus, apart from 
 deceit. So Securus, Secors. 
 
 Seges, land fit for sowing; 
 land sown, a cornfield ; corn ; 
 crop. For seriges fr. sero. 
 Compare Strages. 
 
 Segestre, a straw-mat, coarse 
 
 2 Haigh refers sed to sedo, so as to 
 make it a qualifying particle. 
 
 3 H 
 
426 
 
 SEG 
 
 •SEN 
 
 coverlet. Soft for stegestre fr. 
 erreyaorgov, by which it is ex- 
 plained in Vett. Gloss. That 
 is, from o-rsyco, as Teges from 
 Tego. <f[ A I. from seges, as 
 made of chaff or straw, the re- 
 fuse of corn. 
 
 Segmen, a cutting, shred. 
 For secmen, secamen fr. seco. So 
 Nomen, 8tc. 
 
 Segment um, a band, fringe, 
 flounce. Fr. segmen, as Mo- 
 men, Momentum. A particle 
 gut off from gold, silk, &c. 
 
 Segnis, slothful, cowardly. 
 Fr. qkvo$, sloth, fear; or, as 
 Haigh observes, from an adjec- 
 tive oxvu$. Hence sognis, (as 
 Signum is from v l%voj,) then 
 segnis, as vEster for vOster, 
 dEntes for dOntes from q$Ovts$. 
 % Al. for se-ignis, without tire 
 and ardor of mind. 
 
 Seliquastrum, an old-fashion- 
 ed seat. For sediquastrum fr. 
 sedeo. As oJucrcreuj, uLysses. 
 Or from sella. 
 
 Sella, a seat, chair, sedan ; 
 close-stool. For sedula fr. sedes. 
 
 Sembella, for semilibella, half 
 a libella. 
 
 Semel, at once, once. Allied 
 to simul. " Things, which are 
 effected with one effort, are 
 done simul and semel. 1 ' V. 
 
 Semen, seed. For serimen 
 fr. sero ; or for sevimen fr. sevi 
 pf. of sero. See Nomen. ^f 
 Al. from the North. " Franc, 
 samo, Polon. siemie, Bohem. 
 semeno, Russ. seime, Germ. 
 same, samen" W. 1 
 
 ' Wachter gives a refined northern de- 
 rivation in voc. Same. 
 
 Semestris, half yearly. For 
 se-menstris, fr. sex-mensis. 
 
 Semi — , half. Fr. %[u r as 
 *E£, Sex. 
 
 Semis, half. "'H/amfo. 
 
 Semissis, the half of an as. 
 Semiassis. 
 
 Semistertius : See Sestertius. 
 
 Semita, a narrow path. Fr. 
 semis, as Navis, Navita. That 
 is, half a way. Martial: "Jus- 
 sisti tenues, Germanice, cres- 
 cere vicos ; Et modo quae fuerat 
 semita, facta via est/' % Al. 
 from semi, and eo, itum. 
 
 Semo, a man transferred to 
 the gods or deified. For semi- 
 homo. So Ne-homo, Nemo. 
 
 Semper, continually, always. 
 For samper, (as grEssus for 
 grAssus,) fr. ccfXTrsplg, ha^Tzeqlg, 
 continually. S added, as in 
 Sagitta, Signum, Sidus. Or 
 hvctp.Ttefcs existed, whence V«ja- 
 
 Sempiternus, continual. For 
 semperiternus fr. semper, ^f Al. 
 for semper- cetemus. 
 
 Senaculum, a Senate-house. 
 For Senaticulum from Senatus. 
 
 Senatus, a Senate. Fr. se- 
 nex. From being composed of 
 old men. Ovid : " Nomen et 
 iETATis mite Senatus habet." 
 
 Senecta, old age. Fr. senicis, 
 the old gen. of senex. As Ca- 
 recta from Carex, Caricis. 
 
 Senex, old. Fr. hog, a year. 
 One in years or full of years. 
 So Vetus from *Eto$, Annosus 
 
 2 Scaliger : '* Semper is semi-opere, as 
 Toper is Toto-opere. Toper is expedi- 
 tiously, so that the whole is finished. 
 Semper is only half-done, and so in a 
 state of continuation." 
 
SEN' 
 
 SEP 
 
 427 
 
 from Annus. Waciiter notices 
 Celt, hen, old. ^[ Al. for semi- 
 nex, gen. semi-necis. 
 
 Seniy six. Fr. sex, as Bini 
 from Bis. 
 
 Senica, a hag, beldam. Fr. 
 senicis, the old gen. of senex. 
 See Senecta. 
 
 Senium, old age. Fr. senex, 
 senis. 
 
 Sensim, by little and little. Fr. 
 sentio, sensnm, as Rapio, Rap- 
 tum, Raptim. By small de- 
 grees, so that we only just per- 
 ceive it. We however say 
 ln-sensibly : and Forcellini ex- 
 plains sensim " paulatim et 
 quasi motusensum fallente." 
 But this would be insensim. 
 Sensim is rather leisurely, slow- 
 ly, and so by little and little. 
 Priscian : '* Quia ea maxime* 
 faciunt sensum, quae morantur." 
 
 Sensus, the faculty of per- 
 ceiving. Fr. sentio, sentsum, 
 sensum, 
 
 Sententia, sentiment, feeling 
 of the mind, thought, opinion, 
 judgment ; and hence a giving 
 of our opinion by a vote. Also, 
 what is meant, meaning, signifi- 
 cation, sense. Also, a sentence 
 as conveying a thought or senti- 
 ment. Fr. sentio. For sentien- 
 tia, fr. sentiens, entis. 
 
 Sententiosus, full of pithy 
 (sententia) sentences. 
 
 Sentina, the bottom of a ship 
 where the bilge-water is. Fr. 
 w&og, dung; whence a word 
 senthis, as Segnis from v Oxvo^; 
 then senthina, sentina. 
 
 Sentlno, 1 work at the sen- 
 tina. Also, I avoid danger. A 
 naval metaphor, taken from 
 
 sailors in a storm emptying the 
 sink of the ship to preserve them- 
 selves from impending danger. 
 
 Sentio, I discern, perceive. 
 " For syntio fr. cruvenw fut. of 
 ctuvst/JJco, i make to understand." 
 Ainsw. In Donnegan we have 
 '* cvvsTsa), to perceive or re- 
 mark." ^J " It is properly said 
 of hearing, if it is fr. sunitus" 
 V. As Audio from Auty, a 
 voice. 
 
 Sentis ; See Appendix. 
 
 Sentus, prickly. Fr. sentis. 
 
 Seorsum, apart. For se-vor- 
 sum, i. e. vorsum ad seipsum, et 
 ab aliis. So Quorsum is Ver- 
 sum-qu6. % Or, as Priscian 
 thinks, se is for secus. Vorsum 
 secHs, turned in a contrary direc- 
 tion, in a direction contrary 
 to others. 
 
 Separ, avis, separate, apart. 
 That is, seorsim par. Compare 
 Impar. 
 
 Separo, I sever. Fr. separ, 
 separate. That is, 1 make se- 
 parate. % Al. from se and 
 paro. 
 
 Sepelio : See Appendix. 
 
 Sepes, a hedge. For sekes, 
 (as XvKog, luPus,) fr. (rqxo?. ^f 
 Haigh : " Fr. sepio, i. e. scepio, 
 fr. cx\%vs, high." % " From the 
 oriental SB, to surround." 
 Ainsw. 
 
 Sepia, a cuttle-fish; ink from 
 it. Xrptia,. 
 
 Sepio, I hedge in. See Sepes. 
 
 Seplasia, perfumes. From 
 Seplasia, a street or market- 
 place of Capua. Festus : " Se- 
 plasia, forum Capua?, in quo 
 plurimi unguentaiui erant." 
 
 Seps, sepis, an eft or small 
 
428 
 
 SEP- 
 
 SER 
 
 serpent whose bite causes the 
 Jimbs to putrefy. Fr* cr^7rco, to 
 make to putrefy. 
 
 Septem, seven. Fr. far», 
 whence heptem, (as UxA, de- 
 cEM,) then septem, as 4 \E£ makes 
 Sex. 
 
 September, September. Fr. 
 septem. The seventh month, 
 reckoning from March. 
 
 Septentrio, orris, the seven 
 stars forming the constellation 
 of the Bear. Fr. septem triones, 
 as resembling seven yoked oxen. 
 The Seven-ox. Others con- 
 sider trio a termination. 
 
 Septiciana libra, the Septi- 
 cian pound weight. Forcellini : 
 " Dicta creditur a Septis, quo 
 loco Romae negotiatores versa- 
 bantur, et ad pondus vende- 
 bant." ^f Unless it was from 
 one Septicius. 
 
 Sepiicus, putrefactive. ^>j7r- 
 Tixog. 
 
 Septum, a place hedged or 
 fenced in, an inclosure ; an in- 
 closure for selling merchandise ; 
 a damstake. Fr. sepio, sepitum, 
 septum, 
 
 Sepulcrum, a tomb.- Fr. se- 
 pelio, sepelitum, sepeltum, then 
 sepultum, as pEllo, pUlsum. 
 So Fulcrum from Fultum. 
 
 Sequester, ris, re, an umpire, 
 referee ; one in whose hands 
 anything agreed between parties 
 is deposited. Fr. sequor. One 
 whose decision either party 
 follow. % Al. from snoo, I 
 say, speak; as seQUor fr. e'Uo- 
 
 fUSCl. 
 
 Stquestro, I deposit, put 
 down, put by, lay aside. See 
 above. 
 
 Sequior, worse, inferior. Fr. 
 sequor. For the worse follows 
 the better, as a servant, &c. ^[ 
 Al. from secus, otherwise, i. e. 
 otherwise than it should be, like 
 oiXkcog. 
 
 Sequor, I follows Fr. s7ro- 
 ftcti, l iEoI. sKOfxcn, whence he- 
 quor, (as Ksillco, linQUo,) then 
 sequor, as Ej, Sex. ^f " From 
 Anglo-Sax. secan, ,> says Tooke. 
 
 Sera, a bar, bolt. Fr. astpoi, 
 a chain, rope ; which is defined 
 also by Scapula " sera et obex 
 forium : eo quod antiquitus 
 fune communire januas sole- 
 rent." Or sera was a door- 
 chain. 
 
 Serenus, fair and dry, serene. 
 For xeremis fr. %sgoc, dry. Vir- 
 gil : " Serenas Ventus agat nu- 
 bes." ^f Al. from sew, as ap- 
 plied to weather fit for sowing. 2 
 
 Stresco, I grow dry. For 
 xeresco fr. fjego$ f dry. ^f Al. 
 for serenesco. 
 
 Seria, a jar, cag, pot. For 
 selia fr. o-yXict, a meal tub, &c. 
 So fiaAiog, vaRius. 
 
 Serious, silken. As exported 
 by the Seres, a people who 
 dwelt in the eastern parts of 
 Asia. 
 
 Series, a row, order, course. 
 Fr. sero, to connect. 
 
 Serius, grave, in earnest, se- 
 
 1 " Between «rojucu and sequor there 
 is an extraordinary disagreement in syn- 
 tax. It is to be remarked in explanation 
 of this that the Greek verb governed the 
 accusative in the dialect of the language 
 from which the Latin was derived. Pin- 
 dar: 7eVOS okfios ecrirsTQ." Classical 
 Journal, No. 70, P. 288. 
 
 3 Haigh : " Fr. «i/n^Tj, peace, tran- 
 quillity." 
 
SER- 
 
 SES 
 
 4<29 
 
 rious. Abbreviated from seri- 
 sius, (as perhaps Abstemius for 
 Abstemetius,) fr. se and risus. 
 Being without laughter. Com- 
 pare Securus. 
 
 Sermo, discourse, talk. Fr. 
 epfx.bg, elgpbg, a connexion, series 
 i. e. of words and sentences. Gr. 
 sgoo, to speak, is from epco, to 
 connect. So Ittco and ccnvw, to 
 speak, are nothing but ewco and 
 una, to join. And Ae'ycw, to 
 speak, is xiyco, to collect, ^f 
 Or for serimo fr. sera, to con- 
 nect. As Salio, Salmo. % Or 
 from sero, to sow, plant : as in 
 the expression sero sermones. 
 Virgil : " Multa inter sese vario 
 sermone serebgnt." 51 Al. from 
 epoo, to speak ; pp. egpui. 
 
 Sero, I connect, join ; knit, 
 plait. Fr. egoo or epoo, I con- 
 nect. 
 
 Sero, I sow, plant. Fr. We/- 
 pco, fut. (TTTsgcJOj transp. 7t<regu>, 
 psero, whence for softness sero. 
 If Or from sero, to join in a 
 row. From the notion of a 
 row, series, or continuation of 
 things in one line one after the 
 other as observed in sowing. 
 % Jones: "Sero is the Hebr. 
 zaro, to sow." 
 
 Serotinus: See Annotinus. 
 Serpens, a serpent. Fr. serpo. 
 A creeping thing. Forcellini 
 explains serpo te anguium 
 more incedo." And Donnegan 
 explains egirco " to wind along 
 like a serpent." 
 
 Serperastra, drum, 
 
 Serpo, I creep. Fr. epirco, as 
 Sex from "E£. 
 
 Serpyllum, wild thyme. "Eg- 
 nvXXov. 
 
 Sena, a saw. For secerra fr. 
 seco. Or thus : from seco is 
 secera, (like Patera,) then secra, 
 serra. 
 
 Serta, a rope. As being 
 (serta) plaited or twined. See 
 Sero. 
 
 Serta, drum, wreaths. As 
 being (serta) plaited. 
 
 Serum, whey. Fr. ogbg, whey ; 
 whence sorum, (as epoo, Sero), 
 then serum, as yOw, gEnu. 
 Gender changed, as in vinUM 
 from ohO 2. 
 
 Servo, I save, preserve. Fr. 
 hpvoo, whence ervo, (as solVo for 
 solUo,) and servo, S being added 
 as in Signum, Sidus, Sagitta. 
 
 Serus, late. Fr. o^Yjpoc, 
 whence '^Yjpbg,pserus, (as Dentes 
 is from "Odovrsg), and for soft- 
 ness serus. 1 
 
 Servus, a slave.. Fr. servo, 
 A captive preserved in war. 
 *[f Al. a\ servando res heriles. 
 If Or from epos, (as arVum, 
 sylVa,) whence eipeov and eigspov, 
 slavery. 
 
 Sesamum, sesame. X^ct^v. 
 
 Sescenaris bovis: See Ap- 
 pendix. 
 
 Shells, hartwort. XsasXig. 
 
 Sesqui, as much and half as 
 much more. " For semi squi i. e. 
 semisque," says Vossius. That 
 is, (a whole) and a half. The 
 reason of the I for the £ seems 
 to appear in the compounds. 
 Thus sesquepes might become 
 
 1 Haigh : " Fr. 6rjpos, (in the time) of 
 wild beasts : because they begin to prowl 
 in the evening." f " Fr. 6phs, an end. For 
 serum is that which regards the end. As 
 Livy speaks of serum diei." V. 
 
430 
 
 SES- 
 
 S1C 
 
 sesquipes, as animus is for anE- 
 mus, protlnus for protEnus, &c. 
 ^f " Fr. semis-eequum, i. e. se- 
 mis-totum, ij/xi-oAiov," says Sca- 
 liger. 
 
 Sessio, a sitting. Fr. sedeo, 
 sedsi, sessi, sessum. 
 
 Sestertius, a sesterce, two 
 asses and a half. 1 For semis- 
 tertius. The first an as, the se- 
 cond an as, the third half an as. 
 So Gr. rpirov ig/xi-raXavTov is two 
 talents and a half. Sestertius 
 was used also in mensuration for 
 two feet and a half. 
 
 Seta, bristle. Fr. x a * ret > 
 mane : whence chata, chela ; 
 then heta, (as Hyems for Chy- 
 ems,) and then seta, as Heptem 
 became Septem. Forcellini 
 explains seta by yet'iru. 
 
 Setania, Setanium, 
 
 Setanius, Sitanius, of three 
 months' growing. 2Y\Totvsio$. 
 See Donnegan. 
 
 Seu, or. For sive, as Neu for 
 Neve. Sive, Siue, Sieu, Seu. 
 Virgil : ss Sive errore viae, seu 
 tempestatibus acti." 
 
 Severus, grave, rigorous. For 
 seberus fr. os^pos, august, fr. 
 asficD, to venerate. 
 
 1 Adam : " The Romans usually com- 
 puted sums of money by sestertii or ses- 
 tertia. Sestertium is the name of a sum, 
 not of a coin. When a numeral noun is 
 joined with sestertii, it means so many 
 sesterces, as Decern sestertii. When 
 joined with sestertia, it means so many 
 thousand sestertii. Thus, Decern sester- 
 tia, 10,000 sesterces. When a numeral 
 adverb is joined to sestertium, it means 
 so many hundred thousand sestertii. 
 Thus Quadragies sestertium is the same 
 with Quadragies centena millia sester- 
 tiorum nummorum, or Quater millies mille 
 sestertii, four millions of sestertii." 
 
 Stvum: See Sebum. 
 
 Sex, six. Fr. t£, as*E, Se. 4 
 
 Sextans, the sixth part of an 
 as. Fr. sextus. % Or for sex- 
 tas, from sextus and as, 
 
 Sextarius, the sixth part of a 
 congius. Fr. sextus. 
 
 Sexfilis, August. Fr. sex- 
 tus. The sixth month from 
 March. 
 
 Sexus, a sex. Fr. efye, habit 
 or constitution of body. <([ " Fr. 
 the ancient supine sexum for 
 sec turn; (i. e. seco, secsum, 
 sexum,) for animals are di- 
 vided into male and female." 
 V. 
 
 Si, if. Fr. si, whence sei, the 
 ancient form of si. S added, as 
 in Sidus, Signum. 
 
 Sibi, to himself, to them- 
 selves. Soft for sbi, sphi, <r<pl. 
 As Mina from Mvoi. £$\, says 
 Matthias, is used in the Poets 
 as a dative singular. ^T -^1. fro m 
 kol, whence sei, seBi, siBi. 
 
 Sibilum, a hiss. From the 
 sound of S. Or rather fr. <riyco, 
 fut. 2. of 0-/&0, to hiss ; whence 
 sigibulum, sibulum. As Vena- 
 bulum. 
 
 Sibylla, a Sibyl. Jf/jSuAX*. 
 
 Sibyna, a hunting pole. -5V 
 
 fivVY). 
 
 Sic, thus, so. For hie i. e. 
 hoc, as Qui is the same as Quo. 
 As Hie " here" is ** in hoc 
 loco;" so here sic is " in hoc 
 modo ;" as ovtcu$ is fr. outo$. S 
 is put for the aspirate, as i£, 
 
 2 " Hebr. shesh, Pers. ses, Goth, saihs, 
 Germ, seeks, Anglo- Sax. six, Suec. sex." 
 W. 
 
SIC- 
 
 ■SIG 
 
 431 
 
 Sex. % Or from jjxs, Jx', fyx', 
 heic, whence seic, sic, 1 
 
 Sica, a dagger, poniard. 
 Wachter refers it to Germ, scc- 
 geriy scindere, and sage, omne 
 secandi instrumentnm. And he 
 notices Germ, sichel, a sickel. 
 If But sica is rather fr. seco, 
 whence secica, (as Manica, Uni- 
 ca, Tetrica,) then seica, and sica, 
 as Sei became Si. 
 
 Siccus, dry. Quayle refers 
 to Celtic sich. Wachter: " Sych, 
 dry, remains among the Welsh." 
 If Or it is from sitio, whence 
 siticus, like Unicus, Tetricus; 
 then sitcus, siccus. 2 - 
 
 Sicera, strong drink. ,37- 
 xspct. 
 
 Sicilicus, two drams, the 
 fourth part of an ounce. Hence 
 the fourth part of anything. Fr. 
 «n'xAos, the Heb. shekel. Fac- 
 ciolati : " Scaliger rightly thinks 
 that sicelicus may be deduced 
 from the siclus of the Jews, 
 which equalled half an ounce : 
 and that the half of the siclus, 
 the fourth part of an ounce, was 
 called in the diminutive form 
 sicelicus" 
 
 Sicilio : See Appendix. 
 
 Sicilis, is, or Sicilex, icis, the 
 broad head of a javelin. Sici- 
 lex appears to be put for secilex 
 fr. seco. Sicilis appears to come 
 from sica, a dagger : so as to 
 mean that which cuts like a 
 dagger. 
 
 1 Haigh : " Fr. clicks, fr. eticeo, to be 
 like." 
 
 2 Al. from t^x 6 '» t0 dry- ^ Al. from 
 ffavKbs, a Sjrracusian word for dry. 1T 
 Haigh : " Fr. amxbs, troublesome, weak, 
 thin." 
 
 Stcilisso, I ape the manners 
 of the (Siculi) Sicilians. Or fr. 
 (TiKsXt^oo, <rixsAi'6\ra;, o-ixeXiWa>. 
 
 Sicinnium, a kind of funeral - 
 dance. 2ixim$. 
 
 Sicubi, if in any place. For 
 sialicubi. So Sicunde for Si 
 alicunde. 
 
 Sideratus. See Sidus, the 
 dog's-star. 
 
 Siderites, a loadstone : as at- 
 tracting (crtirigov) iron. 
 
 Sido, J settle ; settle to the 
 bottom, sink. Fr. Ida (whence 
 ISpeuu)) fut. 2. of T(oo, I make to 
 sit. So Sedeo from f, Efo$. 
 
 Sidus, eris, a constellation, 
 or cluster of fixed stars. Fr. 
 eldog, a form or figure. S added, 
 as in Signum. Ovid calls the 
 stars forms of the Gods : " As- 
 tra tenent cceleste solum for- 
 mjeque Deorum." Crispi- 
 nus * defines Sidera i( signa 
 ccelestia, pluribus stellis figu- 
 rata." And Vossius, " for- 
 mm sive figure coelestes e 
 stellis." Or sl§o$ is an appear- 
 ance. That is, a heavenly spec- 
 tacle. 
 
 Sidus, specially Sirius or the 
 Dog's star. Whence " sidere 
 percussus" is, blighted or blast- 
 ed. And sideratus. 
 
 Sigalion, Harpocrates. Fr. 
 crtyY), silence. For he was re- 
 presented as pressing his lips 
 with his fingers to command 
 silence. 
 
 Sigillaria, um, a festival at 
 which (sigilla) little images or 
 puppets used to be sent as pre- 
 
 Ad Or. Met. 1. 71. 
 
432 
 
 SIG 
 
 SIM 
 
 sents, especially by parents to 
 their children. 
 
 S^igil/atim, individually. For 
 singillatim fr. singuli. 
 
 Sigillum, a little image or 
 figure. For signillum fr. . sig- 
 num. As Tigillum from Tig- 
 num. 
 
 Sigla, drum, short notes, 
 ciphers. For sigilla fr. signum. 
 Little signs or notes. 
 
 Sigma, atis, a couch for re- 
 clining on at supper, in the 
 form of the Greek letter (Sig- 
 ma) % or C. 
 
 Sigriinum opus, a kind of 
 plastering made with shreds and 
 tiles beaten to powder, and tem- 
 pered with mortar, resembling 
 our plaster of Paris. As made 
 at Signia, a city of Latium. 
 
 Signum, a mark, sign, trace, 
 vestige 
 
 token ; figure, image 
 
 seal ; standard ; &c. Fr. <xvos, 
 a trace ; whence sictmm, (S 
 added as in Si and Sidus), then 
 signum, as cy Gnus for cyCnus. 
 U AJ. for slcnum fr. elxovo$ (sIk- 
 vq£) gen. of slxcov, an image. 1 
 
 Sil, 
 
 Silanus : See Appendix. 
 
 Silenus, the fosterfather of 
 Bacchus. HiXyvos. 
 
 Sileo, I am silent. Fr. viya.- 
 Xeo$, silent, whence or/ctXectco, or 
 (riyuksoca, ariyotXeco, lam silent; 
 contr. (TiXecb. But I in sileo 
 should thus be long. Rather 
 then from cnyaXsw, contr. <riy- 
 hsw, thence sileo, as Igmitor, 
 
 imitor ; Stigmulus, Stimulus. 
 Or from <ny>)Xo£, silent ; contr. 
 <ny\og, whence sigleo, sileo. 
 
 Siler, 
 
 Silex, a flintstone. Fr. %«Ai£, 
 transp. ;£&«£, whence silax, as 
 Seta for Cheta. % i( For seci- 
 lex, i.e. lapis sectus," says C. 
 Scaliger. % " From Hebr. 
 selagr Tt. 
 
 Siliccrnium: See Appendix. 
 
 Siligo : See Appendix. 
 
 Sitiqua, the husk of a bean. 
 Soft for xiliqua, xyliqua, fr. 
 %v\ixy}, wooden ; as properly ap- 
 plying to a kernel*. So from 
 Example, Xample, we say 
 Sample. 
 
 Sillographus, a writer of lam- 
 poons. HiWcypuQos. 
 
 Silo: See Silus. 
 
 Silurus, the shadfish. 2l\ovpog. 
 
 Silus, Silo, having the nose 
 turned upwards, snubnosed. Fr. 
 (TiXog, which Donnegan explains 
 " having a cocked nose, flat- 
 tened towards the root." 
 
 Sima, the blunt part on the 
 top of a pillar. From simus. 
 " Instar nasi caprarum, unde 
 nomen." F. 
 
 Simia, an ape. From its 
 being (sima) snubnosed. a 
 
 Simila, Swiilago, fine meal 
 of corn. For simidala fr. <re[At- 
 
 Similis, like. Fr. 6pa\h$, 
 whence somalis, (as *E£, Sex,) 
 somilis, (as ^a^Avci, machlna,) 
 
 1 Al. soft for stignum (See Segestre) 
 fr. ariyw fut. 2. of trrifa, <o make a prick 
 or mark, f . Al. from scco. 
 
 2 (< Ex omnibus brutis nullum est quod 
 ad speciem humanam magis accedat, aut 
 facta liominum magis imitetur quiim 
 simia. Hinc fortasse simia a Scytk. 
 sum, similis." W. 
 
SIM- 
 
 SIN 
 
 433 
 
 then similis, as xOng, clnis ; 
 *Op.fyos, Imbris. ^ " From 
 Moeso-Gothic samaleiks," says 
 Jamieson. The Germ, sam is 
 like, like as. 
 
 Simitu, at the same time, 
 at once. For simitu\ simitus, 
 contracted from similitus fr. si- 
 milis, as Funditus, Radicitus. 
 
 Simplex, icis, single, simple. 
 From sine plica, without a fold. 
 
 Simpulo, one who indulges 
 in potations. Fr. simpulum. 
 
 Simpulum, a cup used in sa- 
 crifices. For sipulum, (as runct- 
 vov, TvMirotvov,) soft for siphulum 
 (as scaPula for scaPHula,) di- 
 minutive fr. <r($oov, a vessel for 
 tasting wine. Dacier : " Fr. 
 cr/<pajv, whence simpo, and sim- 
 pulum" ^ " From Hebrew 
 sephel, any wine vessel." V. 
 
 Simpuvium, 
 
 Simul, together. For simule 
 or simile fr. similis, as Facul 
 from Facilis. Said of persons 
 using like efforts in doing the 
 same thing. 
 
 Simulacrum, an image. Fr. 
 simulo, as Lavo, Lavacrum. 
 That is, a fictitious appearance. 
 
 Simulo, I feign. Fr. simulis 
 or similis. I make like the 
 reality. 
 
 Simultas, grudge, malice. 
 Fr. simulo, for simulitas. Pro- 
 perly, a dissembled or disguised 
 malice. % Al. from similis or 
 simulis (whence Similiter,): as 
 founded on likeness of pursuits. 
 Hesiod : Ka.) xepapevg xspotftel 
 xotssi xct) aoitibg ctoidw. 
 
 Simulter, in like manner. 
 For simuliter, similiter» 
 
 Simus, flatnosed. £ffAog. 
 Etym. 
 
 Sin, if not ; if not this, but 
 that ; but if. For si-ne or si- 
 non. 
 
 Smapi, mustard. 3»oj7ri, <rl- 
 vomi. 
 
 Sinctrus, genuine, pure. Fr. 
 sine cerd, as honey without wax. 
 As Simplicis from Sine-plicis. 
 If Or fr. <rhv xypi, with the heart. 
 
 Sinciput, one half of the 
 head. Fr. semi- caput, semciput, 
 simciput,(as tlngo,) then sinci- 
 put, aspriNceps for priMceps. 
 
 Sindon, fine linen. 2iv$wv. 
 
 Sine, without. Butler : u The 
 imperative of sino, I let alone, 
 [do without a thing]. It signi- 
 fies privation or being without 
 a thing." So Pone from Pono. 
 1T Al. from oivsv, as Sino fr. 
 uvea. 
 
 Singlariter, for singulariter. 
 
 Singultus, a sobbing. As 
 made singulatim, (singultim,) 
 one by one or at intervals.. 
 
 Singulus : See Appendix. 
 
 Sinister, left. Fr. sino ; as Mi- 
 nor, Minister. So Martini derives 
 German Link (left) from Lin- 
 quo (" commode et ingenioseV 
 says Wachter), and so Tooke 
 derives the Left hand from the 
 participle of Leave : " The 
 right hand is that which cus- 
 tom and those, who have brought 
 us up, have ordered or directed 
 us to use in preference, when 
 one hand only is employed. And 
 the left hand is that which is 
 
 LEAVED, LEAV'D, LEFT; Or 
 
 which we are taught to leave 
 out of use on such occasions." 
 ^f Al. for sinisterus for siristerus 
 fr. api<TTepo$, as Sino fr. uvea, Si- 
 charbas from 'Axugfas- 
 3 i 
 
434 
 
 SIN- 
 
 STS 
 
 Sino r I suffer ; suffer to be, 
 let alone. Sino is for sio, 
 whence sivi ; and sio is fr. ko, 
 or Hoo, ico, whence fy/xi; " mitto, 
 permitto, dimitto, omitto." % 
 Others derive sino from aveco, 
 avw, as Sicharbas from 'A%otp&x$. 
 
 Sinopis, a stone called sino- 
 per or ruddle. From Sinope, a 
 city of Pontus. Hence it was 
 called Rubrica Pontica. 
 
 Sinus, Sinum: See Appen- 
 dix. 
 
 Sinus, a bosom, lap ; any 
 cavity or winding. Also, a bay 
 or creek, as koXtzoc, is used in 
 Greek» " Velut sinum prae- 
 bens aquis incurrentibus." F. 
 Fr. c-j<$5vo£, (explained by Hesy- 
 chius xsvb$, hollow ; whence 
 <ri$vev$, the mole,) whence siph- 
 nus, for softness sihnus, (as 
 veCHo became velio,) then 
 sinus. % Or from huoo, Ivco, to 
 empty, make hollow : whence 
 Jnauis. S added, as in Sero, Si, 
 &c. 
 
 Siparium, the veil or curtain 
 of a theatre. For sipharium fr. 
 <r'«papo$, a sail, ^f *f From <p<xpo$, 
 an outer garment ; whence sepa- 
 rium, (i. e. semiparium, yiuQx- 
 ptov) or siparium." Hemsterh. 1 
 
 Sipho, a tube, pipe. SiQoov. 
 
 Sipo, Supo. See Dissipo. 
 
 Siquidem, since, seeing that. 
 That is, si-quidem, since indeed. 
 Si is fr. si, since. 
 
 1 Vossius derives it from sipo, to cast, 
 as Dono, Donariura. As being cast be- 
 fore the spectators to prevent them from 
 seeing what is going to be done within. 
 But the I in Sipo is short, and the A in 
 Ponarium is long. 
 
 Sirbenus, one who talks con- 
 fusedly. Fr. ovpfhi, tumult. 
 
 Siredones, Sirens. Seyrjboves. 
 
 Siremps, Sirempse, quite 
 alike, the same. For sireps, 
 sirepse : abbreviated fr. similis 
 re ipsa. Pse, as in Eapse. H 
 Or for similis secundum rem 
 ipsam. 
 
 Siren, a Siren. Hsiprjv. 
 
 Sirim, for siverim fr. sino, 
 sivi. 
 
 Sirius, the dogstar. Selpiog. 
 
 Sirpe, laserwort. For silpe, 
 silphe, fr. cn'x$i. We say tuR- 
 ban for tuLban. 
 
 Sirpea, a mat made (e sirpis) 
 of twigs. Or fr. sirpo : Quas 
 sirpatur virgis. 
 
 Sirpo, I bind or hoop with 
 twigs. Fr. sirpus, a twig ; for 
 hirpus (as %%, Sex) fr. Ipnog 
 transposed for f>i7rb$, gen. of 
 pn[>, a twig. As Sorbeo from 
 'Poipsco. ^f AI. from stpco, I 
 bind. 
 
 Sirpus, a net made of twigs. 
 See Sirpo. Also, a riddle ; 
 either from the involutions of a 
 net, or from its entangling men 
 as a net entangles fishes. 
 
 Sirus, a subterraneous granary. 
 
 Sis, if thou wilt. For si vis. 
 
 Siser, the white carrot or 
 yellow parsnip. Zhctgov. 
 
 Sisto, I cause to stand still, 
 stop. Fr. iVraco, \<ttu>, as *E%, 
 Sex. 
 
 Sistrum, a timbrel used in the 
 rites of Isis. Hs1<tt§ov. 
 
 Sisurna, a common coverlet. 
 Hiavpvcc. 
 
 Sisymbrium, water-mint. -5*»- 
 
 VVpfiplQV. 
 
SIT SOC 
 
 435 
 
 Sitauius: See Setanius. 
 Sitarcia, provisions for a 
 voyage. ^iTupnU. ^f Others 
 read sitarchia from (mupyioL. 
 Sitella. A little situla. 
 Siticines, persons who used 
 (canere) to sing mournful songs 
 among (sitos) the dead and bu- 
 ried. Situs, as in the epitaph 
 by Ennius : u Hie est ille situs 
 cui nemo" &c. ^f " From 
 Icel. syta, to wail, sut, mourn- 
 ing. Siticines are Lucticines." 
 W. 
 
 Sitis, thirst. Fr. ?$o$, which 
 Wachter explains " heat and 
 sweat." Wachter notices Germ. 
 sieden, to be hot. And eiten, to 
 be burnt or hot. ^f Al. from 
 •Supo?, transp. ^/80$, whence psi- 
 tis, as niTeo for niDeo, and 
 muTus from pvdog, uTerus 
 from oJspog. Then sitis, as the 
 Greeks said Sirroi, Huyduc, for 
 *irr«, Vkylac. ^ Haigh: " Fr. 
 Wv§, violent impulse ; from U600, 
 to be carried with violence." 
 S added, as in Sidus* But the 
 I should thus rather be long. 
 ^f " Fr. situs.. The situs of 
 fields is oLuyQLos, drought. Hence 
 fields are said sitire" Isaac 
 Voss. 
 
 Sitonia, the office of prove- 
 ditor. SiTwiot. 
 
 Sittyba, the covering of a 
 book. -5Vttu/3>j. 
 
 Situla, 
 
 Situs, situation. Fr. sino, 
 situm. For everything is there 
 placed where it was (situtoi) suf- 
 fered to be or where it was 
 left. 
 
 Situs, filth or mouldiness 
 arising from things which are 
 
 (jsita) suffered to be left alone, 
 and neglected. 
 
 Sive, whether. That is, ve si, 
 or if. 
 
 Smdragdus, an emerald. Xpa.- 
 payZog, 
 
 Smarts, some small fish. 
 2papi$. 
 
 Smecticus, abstersive. JSpjx- 
 
 TiXoV. 
 
 Smegma, atis, a wash ball. 
 
 Smintheus, Apollo. 2fuvQsu$. 
 Soboles, Suboles, an off- 
 spring. Soholes is soft for sub- 
 oles, Fr. sub and oleo, to 
 grow. Sub is, from under, up. 
 That which grows up. We 
 speak of children grown up. 
 Tibullus : " At tibi succres- 
 cat proles, quae facta parentis 
 Augeat." Vossius : H Suboles 
 propria vocantur stolones seu 
 pulli arborum stipitibus accre- 
 scentes." 
 
 Sobrini, Consobrini : See 
 Appendix. 
 
 Sobrius, sober. Fr. seorsim 
 and bria. Apart from wine 
 vessels, % Or for sobibrius* 
 See Ebrius. % Al. from (rwfpcov. 
 Soccus, a sock, kind of low- 
 heeled shoe. Fr. cru.-e^oj, a 
 Phrygian shoe. Todd : " Sock, 
 Lat. soccus, Sax. socc, Teut. 
 socke, Icel. sockr. A word 
 common to most languages, 
 very ancient, and of Phrygian 
 origin." Vossius : "From He br* 
 SKK, texit, operuit." 
 
 Soctrus, Socer, a husband's 
 father, &c. Socer is for secer 
 fr. exvpo$. We have vOmo for 
 vEmo, nOvus for nEvus, vOveo 
 for vEveo. 
 
436 
 
 soc- 
 
 SOL 
 
 Socius, a partner, fellow. 
 Haigh : " Fr. tyyws, yoked, 
 united." Hence for softness su- 
 gius, then sogius, (as sO boles 
 for sU boles,) and socius, as 
 misCeo from purr&co. ^f Or 
 from olxeio$, (oxsToj,) : S added, as 
 in Sagitta, &c. We have Fami- 
 liaris from Familia. ^f Al. from 
 sTro/xai, to follow, pf. oVa, iEol. 
 oxol, whence socius, as *££, Sex. 
 
 Socors, heartless, lazy ; dull, 
 heavy, senseless, stupid. Socor- 
 dis is from seorsim and cordis. 
 Without heart or soul. 
 
 Sodalis, a comrade, com- 
 panion. Fr. sodus fr. bUg, a 
 way. One who is the com- 
 panion of another's way. Alis, 
 as iEqualis, Lethalis. 
 
 Sodes, I pray you, 1 beseech 
 you, as Die sodes. For si audes, 
 if you can prevail on yourself. 
 
 Sol, solis, the sun. Wachter : 
 « Hell, (Germ.) light, is allied 
 to the most ancient tongues. 
 Hebr. halal is Splenduit ; helel 
 is Lucifer. "HKtos is the sun, 
 ekrj is the splendor and heat of 
 the sun. [2e\#$ is splendor.] 
 Goth, ml is the sun ; and Welsh 
 and Armoric haul, Pers. el. 
 Hence too Lat. sol, the aspirate 
 being changed to S." Rather, 
 sol is from 6 ukio$, (Doric of 6 
 riKiog,) the sun : contr. u>Xio$. 
 So Solus is perhaps for Solius. 
 If Jones : u 2q\qs, a round 
 plate or quoit. Hence sol, the 
 sun, a plate of fire." 26\o$ is 
 a quoit or discus ; and we speak 
 of the sun's disk. 
 
 Solanus, the east wind. Fr. 
 sol, solis, as awr^iuT^g from 
 
 Solarium, a sundial. Fr. So- 
 laris fr. sol. 
 
 Solatus, sun-struck. Fr. sol, 
 solis. Also, desolate. Fr. so- 
 lus. 
 
 Soldurii among the Gauls 
 were retainers devoted to the 
 service of some great men. 
 Caesar : u Cum sexcentis de- 
 votis quos illi soldurios appel- 
 lant." Wachter: "These sol- 
 durii were in truth holdurii 
 from the German hold, devo- 
 tum." As we say Held i. e. 
 bound from Hold. 
 
 Soldum, the whole. For so- 
 lidum. 
 
 Solea, a kind of slipper co- 
 vering only (solum) the sole of 
 the foot and laced on. Also a 
 sole, a fish plain like the solea. 
 In German Plateis, which 
 Wachter explains " piscis latus 
 et planus." 
 
 Solennis, Sollennis, performed 
 at certain times with certain 
 rites. Fr. solius fr. o\o$, whole, 
 entire, and annus. That which 
 is done every year, no year 
 being omitted, as opposed to 
 biennial, triennial, &c. 
 
 Soleo : See Appendix. 
 
 Solers, Sollers, ingenious, 
 dexterous, shrewd, quick. For 
 solUars fr. solius (See Solennis) 
 and ars, a Qui omnem inte- 
 gramque artem novit." V. Or, 
 qui artem integre novit. 
 
 Solidus, massive, solid. Fr. 
 solus, (as Vivus, Vividus,) fr. 
 qXq$, whole, entire. 
 
 Solistimum tripudium, an 
 omen taken from the feeding of 
 chickens when they ate the corn 
 so greedily that some of it fell 
 
SOL- 
 
 SOL 
 
 437 
 
 from their mouths and struck 
 {solum) the ground, ^f Al. from 
 solus fr. o\o$, whole. 
 
 Solitaurilia (festa), a sacrifice 
 of victims. u Qudd iis soles i. e. 
 solidae, non castratae, praeberen- 
 tur hostiae, inter quas principem 
 locum obtinet taurus" V. ^f 
 Others write su-ove-taurilia 9 
 as made (per suem, ovem, et 
 taurum) by a sow, a sheep, and 
 a bull. 
 
 Solitudo, a lonely place. Fr. 
 solus. So Multitudo. 
 
 Solium, a regal seat. Fr. 
 solus, fr. oKog, as made of one 
 entire or solid piece of wood. 
 See Solennis and Solidus. ^[ Al. 
 for sodium (as oJucnreuf, uLys- 
 ses,) fr. ohov formed from oSa pf. 
 mid. of e&o, to seat. 
 
 Sollicito, Solicito, I displace, 
 disturb, harass. "That is, a 
 solo cito f 1 move from the ground. 
 So that the first syllable will be 
 long from the concourse of 
 short vowels. [As in 'AQuvoltos, 
 Italia.] Or fr. solium cito, I 
 move [or disturb] another en- 
 tirely or completely. See So- 
 lennis. Or for sulliciio, [as 
 sOboles for sUboles,] sublir 
 cito fr. sub and lacio." Thus 
 Vossius, who adds : " Sane 
 sollicitare dicuntur qui allici- 
 unt spe aliqua aut metu." So- 
 licitus may be the prior word ; 
 from solium or solum, entirely, 
 and citus, moved. And hence 
 solicito. 
 
 Sollus: See Solennis. 
 Soloecismus, a solecism. Xo- 
 Aojxjo-jxo'j. 
 
 Solor, I comfort, solace. Fr. 
 solus or sollus fr. oAo$, (See So- 
 
 lennis) whole. I make whole, 
 I refresh. 1 
 
 Solox, applied to a sheep 
 with its wool whole and entire, 
 as it is by nature, unshorn and 
 uncombed, and so thick and 
 coarse. It is applied also to 
 coarse wool. Fr. solus, fr. o\o$, 
 whole. 
 
 Solstitium> the solstice. Fr. 
 sol, solis ; and sto, statum. The 
 standing still of the sun. 
 
 Solum, the ground. For ho- 
 lum (as ej*, Sex) fr. o\og, whence 
 is Solidus. That which is en- 
 tire, solid, firm. By a meta- 
 phorical transition solum was 
 applied to that on which any- 
 thing rests as a foundation. Ser- 
 vius : " Solum navis est mare ; 
 et solum avium est aer." Hence 
 it was applied to the sole of the 
 foot, fl Al. from the north. 
 " Germ, saul, seul, Welsh sail, 
 Angio-Sax. syl." W. 
 
 Solvo, I loose. For soluo, 
 (as Voluo, Volvo,) whence so- 
 lutum. So as in Socors for 
 Seorsim, and luo, \voo, I loose. 
 
 Solus, alone. For so-alus 
 from seorsim ab aliis ; or from 
 seorsim and alis, which was 
 anciently used for alius ; or at 
 once for so-alius 9 whence the 
 genitive Solius. So — , as in 
 So-cors, Solvo (i. e. Soluo), 
 Sobrius. If Al. from oXog, 
 whole. €t For, as long as any- 
 thing is whole, so long it is (so- 
 lum unumque) alone and one; 
 
 1 Al. from solus. As properly ap- 
 plied to comforting persons {solos) bereft 
 and forlorn. 
 
438 
 
 SOM- 
 
 SOR 
 
 by division it becomes many." 
 V. 
 
 Somnium, a dream. Fr. som- 
 nus. As taking place during 
 sleep. Gr. evvnvM. 
 
 Somnus, sleep. Fr. virvog ; 
 whence sypnus, sopnus, (as vTx- 
 rog, nOctis,) for softness somnus, 
 assuPremus, suPmus, suMmus. 
 
 So?iivius, making a sound. 
 Fr. sonus, Pius, as Biae in Ma- 
 nubia?. 
 
 Sono, 1 sound. Sonum fa- 
 cio. 
 
 Sons, sontis, hurtful, noxious ; 
 guilty. Fr. (rivTYjg, hurtful. We 
 have promOntorium from prom- 
 Intorium. 
 
 Sonticus morbus, a noxious 
 or noisome disease. Fr. sons, 
 sontis, Sontica causa is a suffi- 
 cient excuse for absence from 
 the courts of justice, &c, when 
 a person was afflicted with the 
 sonticus morbus. 
 
 Sonus, a sound. For tonus, 
 fr. rovog. In Greek <ru and tu, 
 7T\r)(r<ro) and ttXyjttoo, (TYjfxsgov and 
 TYjfAsgov, <TYjTsg and ttjtss are in- 
 terchanged. ^[ Or for thonus, 
 (as Dor. bpXog for ogSog,) fr. 
 TeQovct pf. mid. of Qelvco, to strike. 
 1f Al. from a-rovog, a lamenta- 
 tion. T dropt for softness. 
 
 Sophia, wisdom. Zo$(oc. 
 
 Sophisma, a sophism. 26- 
 
 Sophista, a sophist. 5b$«r- 
 
 Sophos, Sophus, wise. 2o<p6g. 
 
 Sopio, I lull to rest. Fr. 
 sopor. Or allied to it. 
 
 Sopor, a deep sleep. For 
 supor, (as ftTArj, mOla,) fr. vnug, 
 a dream. 
 
 Soracum, a basket or chest. 
 
 2<»g0tX.0g. 
 
 Sorbeo, I sup up. Fr. fa$ia>, 
 transp. ogtpeco, whence sorpheo, 
 then sorbeo, as a^co, am Bo. 
 
 Sorbus: See Appendix. 
 
 Sordes, filth. Fr. crupS>jv (as 
 vTxTOf, nOctis,) fr. crvgoo, to 
 sweep or brush into a heap. 
 Sweepings, ^[ Al. from cr«p&>jv, 
 fr. (TuiqM, to sweep. % Al. from 
 a-apou), to sweep, ^f Al. from 
 agSa, filth, ^f " Fr. cr«;£0£, a 
 heap. That is, the filth of a 
 house collected into a heap." 
 V. So Ccenum is explained by 
 Forcellini " variarum sordium 
 collectio." 
 
 Sorex, a field mouse. For su- 
 rex, from ugaf. 
 
 Sorites, an argument where 
 one proposition is accumulated 
 on another. Swpehvig. 
 
 Soror, a sister. Wachter: 
 " Gra?cis elpw est necto, copulo : 
 unde recentioribus egog, con- 
 nexus sive propinquus." In a 
 feminine sense, epog would mean 
 " connexa sive propinqua," and 
 would apply well to a sister. 
 From epog might be soros, as 
 Socer or Socerus is from \Exu- 
 po'g. Then soror, as we have 
 arboS and arboR. ^f Or from 
 opu, pf. mid. of etgcOy to connect. 
 Hence bpog, as Xnopog from 
 Znslpa). ^f Al. for seror fr. sero. 
 As before, connected as a sister 
 to a brother. " Quidam & sero, 
 qudd eodem mecum semine 
 sata ac genita sit." F. 1 
 
 Sororiculata : See Appendix. 
 
 1 " From Hebr. SARH, caro, aut se- 
 cundum carnem propinqua." V. 
 
SOR- 
 
 SPE 
 
 4S9 
 
 Sors, sortis, a lot, die, or any- 
 thing used to determine chances. 
 Fr. opog ; whence hors, (as Mogog, 
 Mors,) then sors, as *E£, Sex. 
 Ainsworth here explains opo$ 
 "Finis qui res dubias definiat." 
 From opo$ is ogify, to determine, 
 settle. 
 
 £os,the same as eos. See Sas. 
 
 Sospes, safe and sound. Vos- 
 sius : " Fr. <reo§, safe and sound. 
 But whence is pes? Is it fr. 
 TTOvs, (iEol. %s$), pes, the foot? 
 Sospes, one who can go whither 
 he pleases." Salvis pedibus 
 praeditus. Rather, PES is a 
 termination here as in ca?sPES. 
 Caesipes, Caespes : Sosipes, Sos- 
 pes. 
 
 Sotadeum carmen, a poem 
 composed after the model of 
 those of Sotades, an obscene 
 poet. 
 
 Soter, a preserver. 2(*>TY)p. 
 
 Spadix, a palm branch with 
 the fruit on it. Also, of a bright 
 bay color. JSVaSif . 
 i Spado, a eunuch. 2wa$tmv. 
 
 Spargo, I scatter. Fr. <r?ra- 
 potyco (<r7rctpyca) fut. 2. of o-7ra- 
 pacro-oo, I tear in pieces, same as 
 Discerpo, which is used in the 
 sense of spargo. Virgil : " Mul- 
 ta patri porta nd a dabat mandata, 
 sedaurseOmniaDiscEHPUNT." 
 1f Or from ivitapKa. pf. of aW- 
 pw, 1 scatter. See Mergo. 
 
 Spargo, spray. From the 
 Verb. 
 
 Sparta. The expression 
 " Spartam sortitus es, hanc 
 orna," is from the Greek, 2itup- 
 ruv 'iXa^ss, tuvtoiv xotrpei. 
 
 Sparteoli, a name of contempt 
 given to the soldiers appointed 
 
 by Augustus to watch the city 
 by night for fear of fire. " Ei- 
 ther from their using shoes made 
 of spartum, or from the ropes 
 of spartum which were much 
 used in quenching fires/' F. 
 
 Sparti, a race of armed men 
 said to have sprung up from the 
 dragon's teeth sown by Cadmus. 
 %TroLpToi. 
 
 Spartum, a kind of Spanish 
 broom. Znagrov. 
 
 Spams, Spara, a missile 
 weapon. Fr. (Titaipca, (nrapcu, to 
 quiver, vibrate. Wachter men- 
 tions Germ. sper. % Al. from 
 nelgco, enctpw, to pierce ; 2 being 
 prefixed. 1 
 
 Spasma, a spasm. 2ttol(t^ci. 
 
 Spasticus, afflicted with 
 spasm. 2nct<TTiK6s. 
 
 Spdtha, a ladle, scummer ; 
 broadsword ; branch of a palm- 
 tree, &c. 2rroiQvi. 
 
 SpathMium, Spatalium, a 
 bracelet. Fr. CTraTaArj, luxury. 
 An instrument of luxury. 
 
 Spdthdlium, a branch of palm- 
 tree, with the dates hanging on 
 it. 2i:oAaKiOV. 
 
 Spatior, I rove, range. That 
 is, 1 traverse a spatium with my 
 feet. 
 
 Spatium, a raceground ; a 
 place to walk in ; any place of 
 extent ; space, room ; size, &c. 
 For spadium fr. vnoLhov iEol. 
 form of (TTudtov, a raceground. 1 
 
 Specialis, particular, peculiar. 
 Fr. species, a sort, species. 
 
 1 Varro : Ct It is called from its like- 
 ness to the fisli called spams, Gr. <nra* 
 pos." 
 
 2 Haigh : " Fr. airtiibv, wide, thick." 
 
440 
 
 SPE- 
 
 SPE 
 
 Species, an external form seen 
 by the eye ; form, figure, shape, 
 appearance ; vision, image, like- 
 ness ; pretty form, beauty. And, 
 because objects seen by the 
 eye are not generals but indivi- 
 duals ; therefore it is said of 
 any thing individual, and means, 
 a sort, species. It is applied 
 also to articles or pieces of 
 plate or of workmanship; to 
 any sorts of spices, drugs, &c. 
 It is also an idea as seen by the 
 mind. Fr. specio. 
 
 Specillum, a surgical instru- 
 ment for looking into or search- 
 ing wounds and ulcers. Fr. 
 specio. 
 
 Specimen, an instance, spe- 
 cimen, pattern. Fr. specio, as 
 Regimen. As in buying wares 
 (specimus) we look at particular 
 articles in order to estimate the 
 whole. 
 
 Specio, I see, view. For sce- 
 pio fr. <rxe7ra) (whence o-xewro- 
 jt/.a*), I view. So the French 
 JEtincelle, i. e. Estincelle, Stin- 
 celle, is for Scintelle from Scin- 
 tilla. 
 
 Speciosus, beautiful to the 
 sight, sightly ; showy. Fr. spe- 
 cies. Somewhat as Formosus 
 from Forma. 
 
 Specto, I view frequently or 
 much. Fr. specio, spectum. 
 
 Spectrum, the form or image 
 of a thing represented to the 
 mind, an idea, phantom. Fr. 
 specio, spectum. 
 
 Specula, a small hope. Fr. 
 spes, as Res, Recula. 
 
 Specula, a high place for 
 viewing things from. Fr. specio. 
 
 Specularis lapis, a kind of 
 
 transparent stone used for 
 glass. Fr. speculor, as being 
 seen through. Or fr. specu- 
 lum. 
 
 Speculum, a lookingglass. Fr. 
 specio. 
 
 Specus, a den. Soft for spe'us 
 fr. virsos. So Decet for Deet. 
 % Haigh : " Fr. (rxs7r>), a cover- 
 ing, protection ; transp. oWx^." 
 
 Spelaum, a den. Sn^Kum. 
 
 Spelt a, a kind of corn. An- 
 glo-Sax. and Germ, spelt. 
 " Martini derivat a spalten, fin- 
 dere, ob geminos utriculos. 
 Geminos negat esse Frischius, 
 et a divisione utriculorum nomen 
 arcessit. Mihi videtur granum 
 fissum denotare." W. 
 
 Spelunca, a den. For spe- 
 lunga fr. oTrjjAuyf, <J7ty)\vyyo$. 
 
 Sperma, dtis, seed. Snippet, 
 
 Sperno, I despise. For pterno 
 (as IJTvw, SPuo,) fr. isikqva, the 
 heel. That is, I tread on, in- 
 sult. % Al. from o-Qugw, the 
 ankle and the heel, ^f •' From 
 (rnepu) fut. of vnslpco, I scatter ; 
 as fr. TTslpoo or 7tepua) is nepvco. 
 So that is properly said sperni, 
 which is scattered in the way, 
 asTemno is derived from cutting 
 off. Or for separino fr. separo, 
 as from Nato is Natino, whence 
 Natinatio. Ennius uses sperno 
 in ihis sense : 'Jus atque aequum 
 se a malis spernit procul.' Or 
 for separno fr. separ. ,y V. No 
 in separno, as in Orno. Sparno 
 into sperno, as grAssus into 
 grEssus, &c. 
 
 Spero: See Appendix. 
 
 Spes, hope. Short for the 
 ancient speres, which is allied 
 to spero. 
 
SPH 
 
 SPO 
 
 441 
 
 Sphcera, a sphere, ball. JStyal- 
 
 Sphceromachia, a tennis- 
 match. SQeupouMxlot. 
 
 Sphinx, the Sphinx. 2fty%. 
 
 Sphrdgitis, a mark, impres- 
 sion. Xtypctyijig. 
 
 Spica : See Appendix. 
 
 Sptcio, I view. Short for 
 specio. ^f Pezronins refers it 
 to Celt, spi, an eye ; whence 
 our spy. 
 
 Spiculum, the point of a dart. 
 Fr. spica. 
 
 Spina, a thorn. Fr. spica, 
 whence spicinus, spicina, spina. 
 If Al. for spiculina from spicu- 
 lum, which is from spica. ^[ 
 Haigh : " Fr. <rnva,iEol. (^7rtya. ,, 
 Whence is otii/« ? Fr. crri^w, to 
 prick, fut. 2. <TTiy<h, whence 
 ariiymg, contracted <tt~ivo$ ?' 
 
 Spinter, a bracelet. Soft for 
 sphincter, trtyyxTYjp, a clasp. 
 
 Spinthria : " Kepertor mon- 
 strosas libidinis novique concubi- 
 lus. A ffinvfli^, scintilla. A 
 monstrosarum libidinum ardore." 
 F. 
 
 Spinturnix, a monstrous bird. 
 Dacier : " Avis iticendiaria, 
 (rwtvQotpig, a scintilla, quae Gra±c£ 
 o-rnvtyp. Plinius : ' Incendi- 
 a tu am avem alii spinturnicem 
 vocrmt.' Dicta qu6d de busto 
 sudem tectis inferret, atque ita 
 1NCEND1UM faceret." Com- 
 pare Coturnix. 
 
 Spinus, a sloe-tree or black 
 thorn. Fr. spina. 
 
 Spiofiia, 
 
 1 Al. from o-TTifw, to stretch out. 
 Quia in acumen extenditur." V. 
 
 Ett/m. 
 
 Splra, a curve, wreath, fold. 
 XnCipa. 
 
 Spiro, I breathe. Fr. <nralg<a, 
 I pant, breathe hard, ^f Tooke : 
 " From the Anglo-Sax. spirian" 
 
 Spissns, thick. Scheide says, 
 I* From the same root as *nWa, 
 pitch." That is, from fe-jo», itk- 
 vkto-ui, to make thick. Or at 
 once from v la-ret : that is, as 
 thick as pitch. S added as in 
 Scalpo, Sculpo, and in Gr. 
 <r)c»8v>jju,», vQctty), (Tfuxgog, &c. 
 ^f Al. for sepissus, fr. sepis, a 
 hedge. 
 
 Spithama, a span. SviQaip.^» 
 
 Splen, the spleen. 2vkfa. 
 
 Splendeo, 1 shine. For sp/e- 
 deo (as Frango, &c.) fr. an\Yi- 
 dsw, I burn. 2TT\r$Q$ was a 
 lighted cinder, or hot ember. 
 
 Sptenium, a patch, plaister. 
 
 Spodinm, dross. .^WSiov. 
 
 Spoliarium, a place where 
 persons going to bathe (spolia- 
 bant) stripped themselves of 
 their clothes ; and where gladia- 
 tors, who had died in the arena, 
 were brought and (spoliabantur) 
 stripped. 
 
 Spolium, the skin stripped off 
 a beast, a prey, spoil. Fr. axv- 
 Aof, a spoil : whence axv\l&, 
 to spoil, fut, axv\laa>, axuKiab, 
 iEol. (T7ruA«oo, (as \uKo-g, ZEol. 
 KvTlog, whence luPus,) whence 
 spolio, as fOlium is for fUlium. 
 ^ Al. from o-ttoXy), iEol. for 
 (ttoXyj, a garment. % Tooke re- 
 fers it to Sax. spi/ /an, to de- 
 prive. 
 
 Sponda, a bedstead. From 
 the North. The Germ, is 
 beddsponde and sponde ; and 
 3 K 
 
442 
 
 SPO- 
 
 sou 
 
 spond is a board or beam ; and 
 spunden, to plank together, % 
 Vossius says : " Properly a 
 bed-room fr. <r7rovS)j, a treaty, or 
 spondeo whence sponsa, a 
 spouse/' Hall: "The sponda 
 was a couch for married per- 
 sons. Fr. spondeo, to assure or 
 engage." 
 
 Spondaus, a spondee. Xtsov- 
 §ctio$. 
 
 Spondaulee, men who sang 
 in sacrifices. Xnov'SavXoii. 
 
 Spondeo, I pledge my word, 
 promise, engage. Fr. <ntovBvj, a 
 treaty, engagement. 
 
 Spondeum, a chalice used in 
 making libations. Xnovleiov. 
 
 Spondylus, a joint of the 
 spine ; &c. X-JtovluXoc. 
 
 Spongia, a sponge. Xnoy- 
 yid. 
 
 Sponsa, a spouse. Fr. spon- 
 deo, spondsum, sponsum. One 
 engaged or betrothed. 
 
 Spontis, Sponte, of one's own 
 free will. Spontis is soft for spon- 
 dis (as sporTa for sporDa,) 
 from GTTQvlyc, as Dicis from Ai- 
 xrjg. And sponte is from o-7rov&j). 
 SVovSijs and rwovtirj being consi- 
 dered as meaning by engage- 
 ment, agreement. Thus i( sponte 
 mea" means " pacto ineo, i. e. 
 me promittente et obligante me- 
 ipsum pactis, te non cogente 
 me et obligante me minis." ^f 
 Or spontis and sponte are from 
 spondeo, sponditum, spontum. 
 
 Sport a, a basket. Soft for 
 sporda (as stulTus for stulDus,*) 
 fr. trituqi^, ace. anvpfiu, (nrvqla., 
 whence sporda, as from vTxto$ 
 is nOctis. 
 
 Spretus, participle of sperno, 
 
 spernitum, sprenitum, spreitum, 
 spretum. 
 
 Spuma, foam. Fr. spuo, 
 whence spitima, spuma. Com- 
 pare Gluma, Gemma. 
 
 Spuo, I spit. Hesychius 
 has ¥uTTef itrusv. Supposing 
 that a word fyucio produced \fwr- 
 T£o, by transposition we have 
 ffwoco, spuo. If Al. from -xtvoo, 
 transp. twuco, whence <nruoa, X 
 and T being commuted in Xb, 
 Txj ; .2yJT££, T^rej : and Sonus 
 being perhaps put for Tonus. 
 Rather, from Igtstvw, I spit into 
 or upon : whence Vtttow, for 
 softness Va-Joo. % Al. from the 
 North. Anglo-Sax. speowian, 
 Goth, speiwan, Germ, spewen, 
 Eng. spew. 
 
 Spurcus, foul, nasty. Fr. 
 <7xoog, dung ; whence a word 
 <rx.cogixo$, iEoL <77rcog»Jto£, as from 
 <rK6\os, JEol. <rIlv\o$, is sPo- 
 lium. Hence sporcus, spurcus, 
 ^f Al. from nopxog, a hog: J? 
 being prefixed. That is, hog- 
 gish. ^ 
 
 Spurius: See Appendix. 
 
 Sputum, spit. Fr. sjp?*o, sptti- 
 tfw??2, sputum. 
 
 Squa/eo, Squalleo,\zm foul or 
 dirty from neglect, am rough or 
 horrid. Hill : " Squalor comes 
 from squama, and supposes dif- 
 ferent masses, resembling the 
 scales of fishes, creating the 
 dirt, and defiling the body. 
 Gellius says : In corporibus in- 
 cultis squamosisque alt a con- 
 gerie sordium, squalor ap- 
 pellator." From squama then 
 is squamilus, squamlus, squallus, 
 then squalleo and squallor, ^f 
 Al. from a(rp£aAAw, '<r%<x\Xa>, to 
 
sou 
 
 STA 
 
 443 
 
 mourn. Cicero : " Erat in luctu 
 Senatus, sq ualebat civitas." % Al. 
 fromcrxekKco, to dry up. Lucan : 
 *f Oraque projecta squalent 
 akentia lingua." Silius : 
 " Squalebat tellus vitiato fer- 
 vid a dorso." Dacier says : 
 *} A crxcAXoj, aridus, squalidus." 
 % Haigh : " Fr. crxaAXco, to 
 rake, harrow." 
 
 Squdlus, a skate or ray. Fr. 
 squalor or rather squales. From 
 the roughness of its skin. PJiny 
 thus mentions the Squatina, 
 which is the same as the squa- 
 lus : " Aspera cute ut squa- 
 tina, qua ligna et ebora polmn- 
 tur." 
 
 Squama, a scale. Fr. sca- 
 ber, scabra, whence scabrima, 
 (as Victima, &c.,) whence squa- 
 brima, squama. From squa- 
 brima we have also squabma, 
 whence squamma, as it is also 
 written. ^[ Al. from squaleo, 
 to be rough : whence squalima, 
 squama, ^ Al. from (rx«jXjx«, 
 an excavation. 
 
 Squarra, roughness of skin. 
 Fr. squama, whence squamera, 
 {as Patera, Arcera,) then squam- 
 ra, squarra. % Al. from ha-^ugsi, 
 crust adhering to hollow ulcers. 
 
 Squatirm : See Appendix. 
 
 Squilla, a sea-onion. For 
 skilla fr. crx/AXa. 
 
 St, hist, hush. From the 
 sound. 
 
 Stabilis, firm. For statibilis 
 fr. statum, 
 
 Stdbulum, a stall, stable. 
 Fr. sto, A place where cattle 
 stand. Homer has vtotqs r fa- 
 •xo$. Nepos has "stans ju- 
 mentum." 
 
 Stacta, an oil or gum distilling 
 from trees. Htuktyj, 
 
 Stadium, a place where they 
 contended in wrestling and in 
 the race. Also, l c 25 paces. 
 
 Stagma,stamma, ads, a drop. 
 Xrky^a., 
 
 Stagno, I stiffen. Fr. crey- 
 V6w. As m Agnus for mEg- 
 nus. 
 
 Stagnum, a lake, pool. Fr, 
 (TTsyvov, which keeps shut in 
 that which otherwise would flow 
 out. Dacier : " A o-reyvov, quod 
 minime rimosum est et fideliter 
 continet, a a-rsyoo, tego." ^f Al. 
 from sto. Standing water. But 
 how shall we account for the 
 termination ? Abiegnus, &c, do 
 not apply. 
 
 Stalagmia, drum, earrings. 
 ^TuXotyfjuiot. 
 
 Stamen, yarn, spun wool. Fr. 
 crra/xcov, yarn. Or fr. sto, like 
 Flam en ; as <TTa[iwv fr. <jt«o>, 
 
 (TT(0. 
 
 Stannum : See Appendix. 
 
 Stdtarius, steady, fixed. Fr. 
 sto, statum, 
 
 Stat aria Pugna is an engage- 
 ment in which the combatants 
 do not change their place, but 
 keep standing in one place. 
 Gr. (rra§a/a ^X^' 
 
 Stater, a weight. And a coin. 
 
 St at era, a steelyard. Fr. cru- 
 TYjp, acc. G-raTYipa, the word by 
 which Cyril explains %uyo$, the 
 beam of a balance. Statera and 
 GTUTrjg may be both from iVra- 
 Tctt pp. of (ttolco, to weigh, ^f 
 Al. from (TTUTrjpY), firm. 
 
 Staticulum, a little image 
 
444 
 
 ST A STE 
 
 or statue. For staluiculum fr. 
 statua. ^[ Al. from sto, statum. 
 
 Stdticulus, a kind of station- 
 ary dance, in which the dancers 
 remained on the same spot. 
 Forcellini explains it, " genus 
 saltationis statariae, oqyyi^a <rru- 
 crijw,ov." Fr. sto, statum. 
 
 Statim, firmly, constantly. 
 Fr. sto, statum, like Sensim. 
 In the manner of one standing 
 firm. 
 
 Statim, immediately. Fr. 
 statum. In the place or in the 
 position in which we stand, 
 without leaving the spot or the 
 position in which we stand, on 
 the spot. See Illico. 
 
 Stdtirm, the Goddess who 
 presided over children on their 
 first beginning to stand firm. 
 Fr. statum. 
 
 Stdtio, the act of standing ; a 
 place of standing, station, post, 
 place, Sec. Fr. statum. 
 
 Stdtlva castra, a standing 
 camp, station, quarters. Fr. sta- 
 tum. 
 
 Stator Jupiter. Livy repre- 
 sents Romulus as thus address- 
 ing Jupiter: "Tu pater Deum 
 hominumque, deme terrorem 
 llomanis, fcedam fugam siste. 
 Hlc ego tibi tern plum Statori 
 Jovi voveo." Seneca opposes 
 this derivation : " Et Jovem 
 ilium optimum ac maximum rite 
 dices et tonantem et statorem: 
 qui non, ut historici tradiderunt, 
 ex eo quod post votum suscep- 
 tura acies Romanorum fugien- 
 tium stetit ; sed, quod slant be- 
 neficio ejus omnia, stator stabi- 
 litorque est.'* 
 
 Statua, a statue. Fr. statuo, 
 
 to set up. Plautus : ** Huic 
 decet statuam statui ex auro." 
 
 Stdtumina, um, props of a 
 vine ; ribs of a ship ; coating of 
 a floor. Properly, things which 
 (statuunt) fix others or keep 
 them firm. 
 
 Statuo, I make to stand up, 
 set up, raise ; I make to stand 
 still, stop; I hold fixed in my 
 mind, am steadily resolved, am 
 of firm or decided opinion ; re- 
 solve, decree, &c. From sto, 
 statum. 
 
 Stdtura, size or bigness of 
 body. Fr. statum» Compare 
 Status, state or condition. 
 
 Status, a standing still ; a 
 standing up, standing position or 
 posture ; posture, attitude, man- 
 ner, air; posture of affairs, state 
 of affairs ; size of body, as shown 
 by a standing posture, &c. Fr. 
 statum. 
 
 Status, fixed, settled, stated, 
 determined. Fr. sto, statum, or 
 from Gr. (rroiTog. That is, made 
 to stand still, fixed. Status is 
 also presented, shown : i. e. 
 made to stand before another. 
 
 Stega, the deck of a ship. 
 
 Stela, a pilaster. ^r^Ar]. 
 
 Stella, a star. Fr. «cft^, «<r- 
 rspog, whence asterula, astel/a, 
 ' stella. 
 
 Stelldiura, a fraudulent gain 
 made by tribunes who appropri- 
 ated to their own use a part of 
 the pay or the provisions allotted 
 to the soldiery. " Fr. (rreAXco, 
 to dismiss. Temporary dismis- 
 sion of the soldiery being the 
 plea they held out for the fraud. 
 [Or fr. vjeXXw, to contract, and 
 
STE- 
 
 •STI 
 
 445 
 
 so diminish.] Or for stelliona- 
 tura fr. stellionatus, crimen stel- 
 lionis." V. 
 
 Stellio, a lizard having its 
 back variegated with spots like 
 (stellcc) stars. Ovid : " Aptum- 
 que colori Nomen habet variis 
 ste/latus corpore guttis." Gr. 
 
 CKTTSptctg. 
 
 Stellio, a knave. For the 
 skin of the stellio was thought 
 to be beneficial in curing the 
 Morbus Comitialis ; and the 
 animal was fabled to eat it when 
 it had cast it off, lest it should 
 fall into the hands of men and 
 heal that disorder. Pliny : 
 " Operae pretium est scire quo- 
 modo praeripiatur, cum exuitur 
 membrana hyberna, alias devo- 
 ranti earn, quoniam nullum ani- 
 mal fraudulentius invidere homini 
 tradunt : inde stellionem nomen 
 aiuntin maledictum translatum." 
 5f Al. from the northern stelan, 
 stela, to steal, rob. 
 
 Stemma, atis, a garland. 
 XTe^u, Also, a pedigree. For 
 with garlands the Romans used 
 to intwine the images and names 
 of their forefathers. The Swe- 
 dish term for pedigree is sta'em- 
 ma, the German stamina. 
 
 St era, matrix. Ab uoreaa, 
 '(TTepot. 
 
 Stercus, dung. Fr. <rrspyavo$, 
 dung, in Hesychius ; cut down 
 to oTspyo-g, or to arripyotog, <rrep- 
 yoo§, (See Grus,) whence stergus, 
 stercus. ^f Al. for stemicus, fr. 
 sterno, to strew, to scatter. For- 
 cellini explains Stercoro " ster- 
 cus per agrossPARGO." IT Al. 
 from (TTsgbs, or a word <TTsgiKQ$, 
 hard, firm. 
 
 StVrilis, barren. Fr. a-regog, 
 same as o-relgog, barren. 
 
 Sternax equus, a horse which 
 (stemit) throws or casts its rider. 
 As Vivo, Vivax. 
 
 Sternax, one who (sternit) 
 strews himself on the ground in 
 fear or supplication. 
 
 Sterno, I strew, spread ; 
 strew on the ground, lay flat, 
 overthrow, &c. Fr. a-ropswum, 
 cut down to (TTopvoo, whence 
 storno, and sterno, as vOster 
 became vEster. Or from <rro- 
 psvvueo might be sterno by trans- 
 position. 
 
 Sternuo, I sneeze. Soft, as 
 some say, for pternuo,fr.7TToipv6co. 
 Rather, from a word eWirrapvuw 
 or s<r7rTctpv6ci), to sneeze into or 
 upon ; whence V7rragvv«;, for 
 softness Vra-pvww, whence ster- 
 nuo, as pEssulus and grEssus 
 for pAssulus and grAssus. 
 
 Sterqullinium, a dunghill ; a 
 stinking fellow. For sterculi- 
 niurn fr. stercus, dung. 
 
 Sterto, 
 
 Stihddium, a kind of couch. 
 Xn/3Ǥtov. 
 
 Stibi, Stibium, antimony. 
 3V/./3*. 
 
 Stica allii, a clove of garlic. 
 Vossius asks: " Num stica ex 
 o-TixTYj, ut proprie sic dicatur 
 %itwv TcoiTeicrTixTos, tunica notis 
 variegata : atque inde generatim 
 de quavis tunica cceperit usur- 
 pari, et traductum ad tunicas 
 ccepae?" Stica might thus be 
 deduced from <rn£, <rsv/&s. See 
 Sticha. But Forcellim remarks 
 that Pontedera defends with 
 justice the old reading spica. 
 
 Sticha, a kind of grape. Fr. 
 
446 
 
 ST 
 
 STI 
 
 (rr\% t (TTtxkt a row. From its 
 bearing raisins striped with lines 
 or little veins. 
 
 Stigma, dtis, a puncture, 
 brand. Xn'y/xa.. 
 
 Stigmdtias, a slave branded. 
 2}Tiyp.ari*s. 
 
 Stigo, (whence instigo) I 
 prick. Fr. <rnyw fut. 2. or 
 sGTlya, pf. mid. of vti^o), 1 
 prick. 
 
 Stil/a, a drop. Fr. stiria, 
 whence stiriola, stirila, stilla, 
 as Asterula, Astella. % Or 
 from o-t/x>), a minute panicle, 
 and a drop. Heuce stilula, 
 Mill a, 
 
 Stillicidium, water falling in 
 drops. For stillicadium, fr. 
 stilla cado. 
 
 Stilus, Stylus, a stalk ; a 
 sharp pointed pencil made of 
 iron or brass; writing; style of 
 writing. XtvKo;. 
 
 Stimulus, a goad ; instigation. 
 Soft for stigmulus fr. ea-Tiypui 
 pp. of <tti%o), to prick. 
 
 Stitiguo, [erase. For stiguo 
 {as Pago, Pango,) fr. <myw fut. 
 2. of <tt1^oo, I prick. For ex- 
 stinguo. As Molior, Populor, 
 are used for Demolior, Depo- 
 pulor. " Pungendo deleo." V. 
 
 Stipa, the same as Sty pa, 
 St up a, 
 
 Stipatores, the bodyguard of 
 a king. For (stipant) they crowd 
 his person. 1 
 
 Stipendium, the pay of sol- 
 diers. For stipipendium. A 
 stipe pendenda. For, before 
 brass was stamped, it was weigh- 
 
 1 A 1. from their receiving (sfipeni) pay. 
 
 ed and not counted out. Hence 
 stipendium was used for a cam- 
 paign. And for tribute, for at 
 first tributes were imposed to 
 obtain (stipendium) pay for the 
 soldiery. 
 
 Stipes, Sty pes, a stake fixed 
 in the ground. Hrvnos. 
 
 Stipo, I stuff, cram ; throng, 
 encompass. Fr. stibo fr. cttsI^oo. 
 Or fr. <ttu$cq. 
 
 Stips or Stipes : See Ap - 
 pendix. 
 
 Stipula, the stem, stalk, or 
 blade of corn. Fr. VTvitos, a 
 stem. 
 
 Stipulor, I make a bargain 
 or contract in a set form. Fr. 
 stipula. For in their contracts, 
 which were chiefly about land, 
 the ancients used to hold a sti- 
 pula in their hand as a repre- 
 sentation of the whole estate. 
 ^f Al. from slips, stipis, money. 
 " Qu6d stipem posceret credi- 
 tor, debitor sponderet ; quod 
 erat stipulari et restipulari." 
 Ainsw. <([ Al. for stiptulor 
 (somewhat as Stimulus for Stig- 
 mulus,) fr. stiptulum, fr. crm-ov, 
 taken actively as that which 
 binds fast. 
 
 Stwia, a congealed drop of 
 water, an icicle. Fr. o-Tejgoj, 
 hard, solid. As Gloria from 
 r\civq6$. ^f Al. for stilia, (as 
 (ZtxAibs, vaRius ; (rr)Alci, seRia,) 
 fr. o-t/X>j, a minute particle. 
 
 Stirps is thus explained by 
 Forcellini : " Radix, et imus 
 truncus arboris qua haeret radi- 
 cibus: item totus ipse truncus 
 ex quo rami exeunt." In each 
 sense stirps may be from <m- 
 
 $p0$, ((TTlpfOS, <TTip<p$,) Or (TTljSoi- 
 
STI 
 
 ST ft 
 
 447 
 
 pos, (crTipgog, crngfios, cntyft,) 
 firm, solid, % Al. from ore- 
 geonov$, firm-footed. 
 
 Stiva, the plough-handle. As 
 from <ppTyw is frlgo, from cttv- 
 Qyj, Dor. <TTV^a, firm, hard, 
 solid, is stipha, whence stiva, 
 
 Stlata (navis), a kind of 
 broad pirate vessel. Festus : 
 " Genus navigii latum magis 
 quam altum, et a latitudine ap- 
 pellatum, ea consuetudine qua 
 Stlocum pro Locum, Stlitem 
 pro Litem dicebant." 
 
 Stloppus, the sound made by 
 blowing up one's cheeks and 
 striking them. From the sound. 
 
 Sto, I stand. Fr. (ftucjo, ore», 
 I make to stand. 
 
 Stoici, the Stoics. JStcoixoj. 
 
 Stola, a matron's robe. Fr. 
 (ttqXyj, a garment. 
 
 Stolidus, senseless, dull, sott- 
 ish. Fr. stolo, a useless stickler. 
 As Gelu, Gelidus. Hence sto- 
 iidus is as useless as a stolo; 
 good for nothing, insipid, sense- 
 less, dull, &c. Some read in a 
 passage of Ausonius, " Sed jam 
 i)on potes, O stolo, doceri :" but 
 the reading is disputed, ^f Al. 
 from (ttuXos, a pillar, as mOla 
 from pTkYi. As senseless as a 
 pillar. 
 
 Stolo, a shoot or scion spring- 
 ing out of the root or side of the 
 stock of a tree ; a useless sucker. 
 Vossius : * Ab Hebr. STL,' 
 plantare, surculos aut stolones 
 inserere. Vel a (tto\o$ a fts'XXco, 
 mitto : quia emittitur a radici- 
 
 1 Ainsworth says : " From ^nii>." 
 And Turton says : '.' From Hebr. VriD, 
 stila:* 
 
 bus aut caudicis lateribus." 
 Wachter says of a sprout, 
 " Propria est id quod motu na- 
 turali a frutice protruditur, et 
 quasi ejaculatur. Graecis /3Xacr- 
 to$ a /3«AAco, jacio." Donnegan 
 explains trroXos " a stalk" in 
 Aristotle Part. Anim. 
 
 Stomdchor, I am greatly dis- 
 pleased, out of humor. Pro- 
 perly, afficior stomachum, I am 
 ill in the stomach, loathe, am 
 displeased with particular foods. 
 Hence it is applied to persons 
 who loathe or are disgusted with 
 particular persons. Forcellini 
 says : " In the manner of the 
 stomach which loathes food, or 
 because the stomach is the seat 
 of the bile." 
 
 Stomdchus, the gullet ; sto- 
 mach, ^ro/jta^oj. 
 
 Stomdtice, a medecine for 
 sores in the mouth. .SYojxcmx^. 
 
 Storea, anything spread on 
 the ground ; a mat. Fr. <jio- 
 glx, to strew. 
 
 Strdbo, squinteyed. Srpu- 
 /3a>v. 
 
 Strdges, a scattering here and 
 there of things fallen and broken ; 
 havoc, carnage. For straviges 
 fr. stravi. See Seges. 
 
 Strdvulum, a cover or cover- 
 let for a couch. For stravi- 
 gulum. See Strages. 
 
 Strdmen, anything spread or 
 strewed on the ground for rest- 
 ing on ; straw, litter. For stra- 
 vimen fr. stravi. So Nomen 
 for Novimen. 
 
 Strangulo, 1 choke, strangle. 
 SrpayyaXco. 
 
 Stranguria, a strangury. 
 2,'Tpuyyovpiot. 
 
448 
 
 STR- 
 
 STR 
 
 Strut tgema, a stratagem. 
 HTpctTYiyrifAa. 
 
 Strdttgus, a general. Zrpa.- 
 ryyos. 
 
 Strdtor, one who saddles and 
 bridles a horse for his master to 
 mouut. Fr. stratum. Qui ster- 
 7iit equum stratis. 
 
 Stratum, a horsecloth, blan- 
 ket, packsaddle, &c. As be- 
 ing strewed or spread. See 
 Stravi. 
 
 Strdtura, the paving of cause- 
 ways, &c. Fr. stratum. Ster- 
 nendi opus. 
 
 Stravi, stratum, I have 
 strewed, &c. From a verb crrgoicjo, 
 frTpcb, whence crrparoj, a camp: 
 shortened from a verb a-ropaco, 
 which was allied to cTopico. 
 . Strebula cam, the flesh about 
 the hips. " Fr. <TTqs$\oc, cur- 
 vus : from the curvature of the 
 hips. Varro says: ' Graecum 
 est ab hujus loci vehsura.' 
 Whence Tumebus concluded it 
 is fr. <TTpe$co, to turn. But ana- 
 logy favors the former deriva- 
 tion." V. 
 
 Strena, a new year's gift. Fr. 
 (TTpYjvos, luxury. From the cost- 
 liness of these gifts. Adam : 
 " At first presents were but 
 rarely given among the Romans ; 
 but afterwards, upon the in- 
 crease of luxury, they became 
 very frequent and costly." 
 
 Strenuus, stout, active, ready, 
 valiant. Fr.or^v^, which He- 
 sychius explains (inter alia) by 
 \<rxypo$. So Mutuus, Arduus. 
 % Ai. for sternuus fr. sterno. 
 
 Strepo, I make a harsh sound. 
 Fr. (TTpstpci), to turn. From the 
 notion of a door turning on its 
 
 hinges. Fr. vrptyco is c-Tfo$ev$, 
 a hinge* 
 
 Stria, —— 
 
 Stribligo, a solecism. Fr. 
 <TTpe(3xb$, crooked, " a recto de- 
 fiexus." 
 
 Striblita : See Scriblita. 
 
 Strictim, closely, tightly, con- 
 cisely. Fr. stringo, stringtum, 
 strinctitm, strictum. 
 
 Strictura, a mass of iron in 
 the furnace. Fr. strictum. Be- 
 cause (stringitur) it is pressed 
 hard or beaten close by the ham- 
 mer. 
 
 Strictura, a flake or spark 
 which flies from a piece of iron 
 while (stringitur) it is pressed 
 hard with the hammer. Persius : 
 " Et stringere venas Ferventis 
 massaa crudo de pulvere jussit." 
 
 Striculus: See Hystriculus. 
 
 Strldeo, 1 utter a shrill or 
 grating sound. Fr. ot^jSw fut. 
 2. of <rrgi£o>. 
 
 Striga, 2l hag. The same as 
 strix, strigis. 
 
 Striga is explained an interval 
 between the rauks of an army, 
 in which the horses (stringuntur : 
 Compare Strigilis,) are rubbed 
 down,orare suffered (striga re) to 
 rest. Hence also a furrow drawn 
 at length in ploughing, and a row 
 or rank of things laid at length. 
 But Wachter refers striga to 
 Germ, streichen, to draw, to 
 draw out at length ; whence An- 
 glo-Sax. strice, a line, Germ. 
 strick, Engl, streak, Belg. streek. 
 
 Strlgtlis, a currycomb used 
 in baths for rubbing off filth 
 from the body. Fr. strigo, 
 stringo. ^f Wachter derives it 
 from Germ, streichen, fricare. 
 
STR« 
 
 STR 
 
 449 
 
 Strigmentum, filth scraped 
 from the body. Fr. strigo, 
 stringo. 
 
 Strigo, a sorcerer. See the 
 second Strix. 
 
 Strigo, as, " is the same," 
 says Forcellini, te as stringo, and 
 is said of horses or oxen when 
 they rest between while and 
 (stringuntur) are rubbed down 
 to give them time to stale and to 
 recover their strength." That is, 
 from strigo, whence Strigilis. 
 Hence strigo is to pause or rest 
 generally, ^f Gr. argsvyopcti is 
 to delay. 
 
 Strigosus, one who hesitates 
 and shifts or shuffles. Fr. strigo, 
 to rest or pause. 
 
 Strigosus, lean, lank. For- 
 cellini : " Said of beasts whose 
 bodies famine or toil (stringit) 
 pinches and makes thin." That 
 is, from strigo, stringo. Vossius : 
 M It is said properly of animals 
 which (strigant) take breath in 
 ploughing. And, because this 
 is done chiefly through leanness 
 or meagreness, hence strigosus 
 is used of oxen badly fed." 
 
 Stringo, I draw tight or close, 
 grasp, pinch ; grasp, clinch. 1 
 unsheath a sword by grasping the 
 hilt firmly. I strip off the bark 
 of boughs by grasping them 
 firmly. I scrape off, graze, 
 brush ; I skim along ; &c. I 
 wound slightly. Also, I lop off, 
 prune. This sense is perhaps 
 derived from that of passing over 
 a tree superficially or slightly, 
 and cutting off the least impor- 
 tant branches. That is, leviter 
 vulnero arborem. Stringo is for 
 strango from the obsolete orpay» 
 Etym. 
 
 yoo, which Donnegan explains, to 
 squeeze ; same as (rrpoiyyi^oo and 
 (TTgayyeuc». ^f Al. from Genu. 
 slrengen ; allied to winch is An- 
 glo-Sax. sirettg, Engl, string. 
 Wachter notices the connection 
 here between the German, 
 Greek, and Latin. 
 
 Strix, strigis, a channel, fur- 
 row or flute on a column. See 
 the second Striga. 
 
 Strix, a screechowl. 2rpiy%. 
 
 Strix, a hag, witch.' '■ For 
 it was supposed that hags chang- 
 ed themselves into the ill-omened 
 bird, the {strix) screechowl." V. 
 ?' Quia in eas aves figurantur. 
 Quare et Volaticae dicta? sunt." 
 Dacier. Perhaps too, because 
 they uttered their shrieks in the 
 night-time to terrify and alarm. 
 
 Stroma, dtis, a mattress. 
 
 Stropha, a strophe. A shift, 
 trick. ^Vpo^yj. 
 
 Strophium, a girdle, belt; a 
 garland. Hrpo^iov. 
 
 Stropus, Stroppus, Struppus, 
 a strap. Fr. Grrgofbs or Tponos. 
 Sax. stropp. 
 
 Structor, a provider of vic- 
 tuals, caterer. Fr. struo, struxi, 
 structum. One who piles up 
 food. 
 
 Struma, a wen or glandular 
 swelling. " Fr. struo, to heap 
 up." Tt. For struima. If * ' From 
 o-Tpmpot, Qu6d gutturi substrata 
 sit." Ainsw. 
 
 Strumea, a species of ranun- 
 culus. " Quoniam medetur 
 strumis,' f says Pliny. 
 
 Struo, I pile up, heap ; raise 
 up, build ; build up schemes, 
 plot. Fr. G-Tgwoj, I strew, and 
 3 h 
 
450 
 
 STR- 
 
 SUA 
 
 so 1 heap up by strewing one 
 thing on another. It is certain 
 that struo very nearly agrees 
 with (TTgcjoca and Sterno in some 
 of its senses. Thus Strues is 
 like Strages used of a carnage, 
 which is defined by Todd 
 heaps of slain. Struxi, as 
 Fluo, Fluxi. ^f Al. from a-Tspsco, 
 G-Tpsca, i make firm or solid. 
 
 Struppus : See Stropus. 
 
 Strut/tea mala, quince pears. 
 XTgovQla. pjAa. 
 
 Struthio, an ostrich. Hrpov- 
 
 Studeo, I pursue, attend to, 
 study. Fr. ottuSsw, crnvlcii fut. 
 2. of (jttsuIm. We have Pavo- 
 nis from Tawvog. 
 
 Stultus, foolish, silly, sottish. 
 Fr. stolidus, whence stoldus, 
 stoltus. Thus Soldan (Para- 
 dise Lost, I, 764,) we call Sul- 
 tan. % Tooke refers stultus to 
 Sax. sty It an 9 " obstupescere." 
 
 Stupeo, I am stupid, torpid, 
 motionless. Fr. c-Tunos, a trunk, 
 stock. I am like a. stock. Te- 
 rence : "In me quidvis harum 
 rerum convenit, qua? sunt dicta 
 in stultum; caudex, stipes, 
 asinus." 
 
 Stuppa, Stupa, tow, Srvmni, 
 
 CTV7TYI . 
 
 Stuprum: See Appendix. 
 
 Sturnus, a stare or starling. 
 ''Anglo-Sax. staer, staern, 
 Germ. star. Is it from sturnus i 
 Be it so, since Martini thinks 
 so. But whence is sturnus? 
 Perhaps from torno : as turning 
 or whirling round with its com- 
 panions. Pliny says of star- 
 lings ' quodam piiae 01 be circum- 
 agi.'" W. If Or possibly, from 
 
 \f/a£, tyctgbg, whence il/uptvog, 
 7rcrapivbg, transp. <T7irupmg, whence 
 oragivoj, (as sTudeo from <r/7u- 
 dsoo,) starnus, and sturnus, as 
 mUIceo from jmAXukw, cUlcita 
 from cAlco. Vossius : " Xup- 
 ku$ was in iEolic <r6gxu$." 
 
 Stylobdta, the pedestal of a 
 pillar. ZrvKofitxTYis, 
 
 Stylus : See Stilus. 
 
 Stypticus, astringent. Xtvtt- 
 rixog. 
 
 Styrax, the tree storax.^rwpa^. 
 
 Styx, Stygis, the river Styx. 
 
 Suadeo, I advise. Fr. uiftotoo, 
 I speak, speak to. S added, as 
 in Signum, &c. And A and T 
 transposed. Or from a word 
 sWavddco or h(ravlaco f 'cravtioiu), 
 'o-votddico. 51 Al. from suavis : 
 i. e. suavi more aut suavi allo- 
 quio inducere tento. But how 
 suadeo from suavis ? 
 
 Suasum and Insuasum are 
 applied to that which has tho- 
 roughly imbibed some color 
 and has been saturated. Sal- 
 masius : " Qua? h7riTSTupsM$ 
 colorata sunt et saturata, Graeci 
 ffsweio-jtteva dicunt ; Latina suasa. 
 Epigramma : Xyjfmg fiuppoiTi 
 nziQopsvog. (Yielding to.) Stra- 
 bo: JIsTTSKT^SVCOg enMSKotuG-QcciTYiv 
 Xpoav." The expression then is 
 taken from the Greek. Festus 
 explains it " qu6d quasi persua- 
 detur in alium colorem ex albo 
 transire." 
 
 Suavis, 
 
 Suavillum, a kind of cheese- 
 cake. Fr. suavis. From its 
 sweetness. 
 
 Suavium, a kiss. Fr. suavis. 
 From its sweetness. 
 
SUB- 
 
 SUB 
 
 451 
 
 Sub, under, &c. Fr. vnb, vn, 
 whence hub, as Ab from 'Ano ; 
 then sub, as Sex from"E£. 
 
 Sub in composition is used, 
 like otto, for privately ; privily ; 
 from under ; close to, just by ; 
 in the place of; somewhat, in 
 some little degree, &c. 
 
 Subdo, 1 place under. See 
 Abdo. 
 
 Suber, the cork-tree. Vos- 
 sius : " For suiber from suo, 
 as Facio, Faber; Tumeo, Tu- 
 ber. Pliny says that it was 
 used in the winter shoes of fe- 
 males. They used it not only 
 in winter time for purposes of 
 health, but in summer time to 
 make themselves appear taller. 
 Alexis the Comedian says : ' Is 
 any girl little ? Cork is sewed in 
 her shoes.' Or suber is from 
 o-y<pap, which is used of the outer 
 skin, as of the cast off skin of a 
 serpent, &c. Thus the tree is 
 called suber, like <ps\\b$, which 
 properly means the bark of the 
 tree, but is used for the tree, 
 because it has ^entirely the na- 
 ture of bark. Whence Pliny 
 says: <Non infacete Graeci 
 corticis arborem appellant/ Scal- 
 iger derives it from subeo : be- 
 cause it cannot sink, but (subit) 
 mounts up in water." Accord- 
 ing to the last derivation sub 
 should be short. 
 
 Subgrunda, the eaves of a 
 house which protect the walls 
 from the rain. For subgerunda, 
 subgerenda. From its being- 
 added or annexed. " Sugges- 
 tus terras" is a mound of earth. 
 
 Subices nubes humidee deum, 
 the clouds. Fr. subpcio, as 
 
 Obices from Objicio. As 
 being cast under the Gods. 
 Festus explains it Subjecta?. ^f 
 AI. from subeo, to ascend. 
 
 Subiculum, that which is cast 
 under. For subjiculum. 
 
 Subidus: See Appendix. 
 
 Subinde, close after that, con- 
 sequently on, thereupon, upon 
 that, afterwards ; upon occasion, 
 consequently on particular emer- 
 gencies, from time to time, now 
 and then. Sub is close to, just 
 by. Compare Deinde. 
 
 Subitus, sudden. Fr. subeo, 
 subitum. That which comes 
 privily and unexpectedly. See 
 the second Sub. 
 
 Subjunctivus modus, the sub- 
 junctive mood. So called, be- 
 cause it is necessary (subju/igere) 
 to subjoin something to it, to 
 complete the sentence. Thus 
 of the sentence " Cum clamem, 
 quare me tacere dicis?," the 
 words " Cum clamem" are of 
 no meaning, if the latter part is 
 not SUBJOINED. 
 
 Sublatas, lifted up. Borne 
 (sub) from under. 
 
 Sublestus, thin, slender, weak, 
 infirm. Dacier : " Scaliger ad- 
 mirably supposes it put for sub- 
 lespus, (as STudium for SPu- 
 dium,) fr. vttoXhtttoc, rubbed." 
 
 Sablica, a stake or pile of 
 wood driven into the ground for 
 building on. Fr. vnotisxca or 
 t»7roSe%ojaa», to receive. Whence 
 a word vnofoxr), subdoca, (See 
 Sublestus,) then subdica, as 
 terminus from TeppOvo; ; then 
 sublica, as uLysses from oJuc- 
 (rev$, aLacris from clduxgvg. For- 
 cellini explains it, a Trabs erec- 
 
4.52 
 
 SUB 
 
 SUB 
 
 ta ad sustinendum." Some- 
 what as loxog, a beam, is fr. 
 hexca same as Slp^o/tai. ^f Dacier : 
 " Placet quod monet Scaliger, 
 sublicam dictam ut obliquam, et 
 intelligi Trabem. Vetus auc- 
 tor : ' Omnem summitatem me- 
 tiundi observationes sunt duae : 
 enormis et liquis. Enormis, 
 quae in omnem actum rectis an- 
 gulis continetur: liquis, quae 
 minuendi laboris causa, et salva 
 rectorum ratione angulorum, se- 
 cundum ipsatn extremitatem 
 subtenditur.' " But would not 
 thus the 1 be long? ^f Al. for 
 subliga from subligo, to bind 
 together and keep (sub) up. 
 
 SubUmis, high, exalted. Fr. 
 limus. Sub is from under, up. 
 Horace: "Udam Spernit hu- 
 mutii fugiente penna." Where 
 udam is explained by the 
 Delphin Editor u ccenosam et 
 lutosam." ^f Al. from sublimen, 
 an upper threshold. 
 
 Submissus, low, lowly. Fr. 
 mitto. Placed under. See Com- 
 mitto. 
 
 Submoveo, I move to a pri- 
 vate place, out of sight, remove, 
 &c. 
 
 Subo, i. q. xcnrpuoi. Et est a 
 SUS, suis 9 ut xairpotia a xocnpog. 
 Aut h subus dat. pi. 5T Al. 
 a <ru/3a£, libidinosus. 
 
 Suboles : See Soboles. 
 
 Suborno, I bribe, suborn. Fr. 
 orno. 1 furnish with secret 
 instructions, equip for under- 
 hand purposes. 
 
 Subrigo, I raise up. Sub is 
 from under, up. Compare Ed- 
 go- 
 
 Subrogo, I put in the place 
 
 of, substitute ; I add to. A 
 senatorial term. For " rogare 
 legem" was used of introducing 
 a law. See the second Sub. 
 
 Subscus, udis, a form of join- 
 ing two pieces of wood together, 
 when that, which is inserted, ha3 
 the form of a wedge reversed ; 
 a dovetail. Fr. subs (like Abs 
 and Obs), and cudo» The wood 
 being beaten in with a ham- 
 mer as in forging. Turnebus : 
 ~* Quod lit cudendo scalpris 
 malieo percussis." Sub per- 
 haps means here, close to. 
 
 Subsecivus or Subsicivus is 
 applied to spare time or leisure 
 hours, considered as (subsectum) 
 cut off privately from more im- 
 portant ones. Also to land cut 
 off from the territory which was 
 assigned to the centuries : (< Sive," 
 says Yossius, " quia non ex- 
 pleret modum centuriae, eoque 
 extra subsecantem lineam in ex- 
 tremis assignations finibus re- 
 linqueretur ; sive quia in medio 
 quidem centuriarum esset, et 
 fortassis explere centuriam pos- 
 set, assignari tamen nulli posset, 
 idque ob maciem soli et sterili- 
 tatem." 
 
 Subsideo, I sit or lie privately 
 or in ambush. Fr. sedeo. 
 
 Subsidium, a body of troops 
 in reserve ; help, assistance. Fr. 
 sedeo. As sitting still and in a 
 retired situation against a mo- 
 ment of need. 
 
 Substantia, the essence or 
 foundation of anything, as stand- 
 ing under and supporting it. So 
 Gr. «jroaracnj. Also, subsis- 
 tence, goods, &c, as the basis 
 of supporting life. 
 
SUB 
 
 sue 
 
 453 
 
 Substantivum nomen, a noun 
 substantive, a word which (sub- 
 stat) stands firm by itself or 
 supports itself, as opposed to 
 an adjective which requires the 
 aid of a substantive. 
 
 Substituo, I put under ; I 
 put in the place of. Fr. statuo, 
 to place, fr. sto, statum, I make 
 to stand. 
 
 Substo, I stand firm, stand 
 my ground. Properly, I stand 
 from under, I stand up. 
 
 Subtemen. Adam : " The 
 threads inserted into the warp ; 
 the woof or weft. For sub- 
 teximen or substamen." For- 
 cellini unites both derivations: 
 " Filum molle et parum tortum 
 quod transversum in tela sub sta- 
 mine texitur." Varro : " Sub- 
 temen, quod subit stamini." It 
 is written also subtegmen, i. e. 
 subteximen, subtexmen, subtegs- 
 men, subtegmen, 
 
 Subter, under. From sub. 
 Compare Inter, Praeter. 
 
 Subiilis, thin, fine, small. Fr. 
 tIXoli, minute particles. Sub, 
 as in Subdolus. % Al. for sub- 
 telis, fr. tela. Scaliger : " It is 
 so called from the finer threads 
 which in a well woven (tela) 
 web are almost invisible." Or 
 cut down from subtextilis. 
 
 Subtus, underneath. Fr. sub. 
 Like Intus. 
 
 Subucula, an under tunic or 
 garment worn near the skin. 
 For subducula, (as Exduo, 
 Exuo,) fr. subduo. See Induo. 
 
 Subverbustus, a slave. Fr. 
 sub verber, (as Augur, Augus- 
 tus,) one who is under the 
 scourge. 
 
 Subula, a bodkin, awl. For 
 suibula fr. suo. An instrument 
 of sewing. 
 
 Subulcus, a swineherd. Fr. 
 sus, suis. See Bubulcus. 
 
 Subulo: " Dicitur paedico, 
 quasi subula perforans." F. 
 
 Subulo: See Appendix. 
 
 Suburra, Subura : See Ap- 
 pendix. 
 
 Succedo ,jl come or go under, 
 into, &c. See Accedo. 
 
 Succendo t I light up. See 
 Accendo. 
 
 Succenseo, I am angry. Ira 
 sum succensus. 
 
 Succidia, bacon or lard. As 
 kept for frequent use and so 
 wont (succidi) to be cut as oc- 
 casion required. See Subse- 
 civus. 
 
 Succinum, amber. Pliny : 
 " Arboris succum prisci nostri 
 credidere : ob id succinum ap- 
 pellantes." * 
 
 Succurro, I run up to ano- 
 ther's assistance. So Subvenio. 
 
 Succussator, a horse which 
 trots and jolts. Fr. succutio, 
 succussum. 
 
 Sucerda, swine's dung. See 
 Muscerda. 
 
 Sucula, a little sow. For 
 suicula fr. sus, suis. The Latins 
 called the Hyades Sucula; er- 
 roneously supposing that the 
 Greek vochg came from vug, 
 vcclos, a sow. Cicero : " Has 
 Graeci Stellas votiotg vocitare sue- 
 runt a pluendo : vsiv enim est 
 pluere. Nostri imperite sucu- 
 
 1 Wachter refers it to Welsh cynne, 
 to burn ; and translates succinum " lapis 
 ustilis. 5 ' 
 
454 
 
 sue- 
 
 SUF 
 
 las, quasi a suibus essent, non 
 ab imbribus nominatae." 1 
 
 Sucus, Succus, juice. For 
 sugus or sugicus, fr. sugo. That 
 which we suck. Or for suctus, 
 That which is sucked. % Al. 
 from 07rdf, 6xo$, dxxog. ^f 
 « From Hebr. sakah." Tt. 
 Others refer it to the Celtic. 
 
 Sudarium, a cloth for wiping 
 off (sudorem) the sweat, hand- 
 kerchief, napkin. 
 
 Sudes, a thick stake. Fr. 
 Zvlos, (transp. <rvfo$,) iEolic 
 form of otpc, a branch. "T<rh$ 
 is used by Sappho, ^f " From 
 (ru5>)v, impetuously: for with 
 these stakes they formerly rushed 
 impetuously to battle." V. 2, 
 
 Sudo, I sweat. Fr. vdo$,~ 
 moisture. Hence a word u$6oo, 
 v$w, sudo. ^f Al. from sudor, 
 which thus is referred to v$wp, 
 water. But sudo produces su- 
 dor, as Amo Amor. 
 
 Sudor, sweat. See Sudo. 
 
 Sudus, fair and dry. Fr. 
 se-udus, i. e. seorsum ab udo, 
 
 1 Sucula is also a winch or windlass, 
 and is thus explained and accounted for 
 by Budaeus : " Sucula est macliina trac- 
 torii generis. Constat tereli ligno, duo- 
 bus aut pluribus vectibus trajecto utrin- 
 que, aequa extantibus longitudine. H<ec 
 dura versatur, funis, qui ductarius dicitur, 
 circa earn obvolvitur. Sic vocata est a 
 scroph£ similitudine. Nempe quod 
 etiam haec machina suum pokculum ha- 
 beret. Nam in raedigL circiter sucul& 
 batillus aut uncus, qui figebatur, ut tene- 
 ret funera, qui, dum versabatur, sucula\ 
 circumplicabatur, porculus vocabatur." 
 Wachter explains sucula " machina 
 tractoria," and refers it to Germ, zug, in- 
 strumentum trahendi. 
 
 2 Al. from eSSrj»' fr. euw, to burn ; or fr. 
 evarbs, burnt; transp. avrSs. Virgil 
 baa'' PtuEvsTjzsudes." 
 
 without wet. If Al. from evlla, 
 fine weather. 
 
 Sueo, Suesco, 1 am wont. 
 Isaac Vossius : " From sueca, 
 evco, iEol. form of su), I put 
 on." Isaac Voss. Compare 
 Habit, a custom, from Habeo, 
 to wear. ^f Al. from suus. 
 To be made one's own by habit, 
 to be made familiar. If Rather, 
 from soleo was solesco, abbrev. 
 soesco, suesco. Then sueo was 
 from suesco, or it was from 
 soleo, so'eo. 
 
 Sufes, a Carthaginian chiff 
 magistrate. A Punic word. 
 
 Suffertus, stuffed. From suf- 
 fercio i. e. suffarcio. Compare 
 Refertus. 
 
 Sufficio, I substitute. Fr. 
 facio. I make to be in the 
 place of another. See Sub- 
 stituo. 
 
 Sufficio, I afford, or furnish. 
 That is, 1 make to be under 
 another's power ; or I place 
 under or by him. 
 
 Sufficit, it does or suffices. 
 
 Vossius : " Facit seu valet sub 
 
 ea conditione de qua actum." 
 
 Or is sufficit short for super- 
 
 ficit ? 
 
 Suffio, I perfume. For sub 
 Jlo. Fio (i. e. fyo) is fr. <pvw, 
 j£ol. form of 0uw, (whence Q6o$ 
 and Thus,) originally, I per- 
 fume. 
 
 Sufflamen, a catch to hold a 
 wheel on steep ground ; a drag- 
 chain. Vossius : " Properly 
 said of anything rushing with 
 impetuosity and stopped (flando) 
 by blowing in a contrary direc- 
 tion." Or it is properly said of 
 that which causes us to stop and 
 
UF SUL 
 
 455 
 
 (sufflare) take breath. <[[ Or is 
 sufflamen for subblamen (as 
 up<Pu), am Bo,) fr. l>/S/3a>j/^«, (i.e. 
 «WjSAijjxa,) Dor. vfifiXapoi, one 
 thing cast under another ? ^f 
 Or for sitffragimen, whence 
 sufframen, for softness suffla- 
 men? From breaking underneath 
 the force of the wheel. 
 
 Suffoco, I choke, suffocate. 
 For suffauco, (as Plaudo, Ex- 
 plodo,) fr. sub and y«w.r, /aw- 
 ns, the windpipe. I put my 
 hand under another's throat and 
 press it close. So our Throttle 
 from Throat. 
 
 Suffrago, the joint of the hin- 
 der leg of a beast. Fr. sub, be- 
 low ; and frago, frango. For 
 the continuation of the leg is 
 there divided and appears there 
 to be broken. " Natura, pli- 
 candi et vertendi pedis causa, 
 in medio cruris fracttjram 
 fecit, quam Graeci a flexu xocpt,- 
 7ty}V, Latini afrangendo suffragi- 
 nem, Saxones ab incidendo sec- 
 tionem vel incisum vocant." W. 
 
 Suffragor : See Appendix. 
 
 Suggero, I afford, furnish. 
 That is, I carry under or close 
 by another. See Sufficio, I 
 afford. Also, I put in mind, 
 prompt. That is, I carry or bring 
 under another's observation. 
 Also, I add, annex, heap. That 
 is, I carry or bear one thing- 
 close under or close by another. 
 
 Suggillo, Sugillo, I make 
 livid by a bruise; 1 beat, insult, 
 affront. For succillo from sub, 
 and xuKov, the hollow part under 
 the lower eyelid. The Greeks 
 say vnoi}7rid%cjQ from viro and c«\[/. 
 il Scaliger says : " From sub ; 
 
 and cinnus, cilium, palpebra ; 
 diminutiv. cillus." But Forcel- 
 lini observes that cinnus is not 
 yet supported by the use of a 
 Latin writer, ^f Al. from sub 
 and ocellus, whence subocello, 
 subcello, subcillo. % Al. from 
 sub and cilium, I strike under 
 the eyelid. ^f Al. from sub 
 and collum. A blow under the 
 neck. Hence succollo, then 
 succillo, as convlcia, illlco, in- 
 qullinus, for convOcia, illOco, 
 incOlinus. 51 Al. from sub and 
 cello, I strike. 
 
 Suggrunda: See Subgrunda. 
 
 Sugo, I suck. Tooke : "From 
 Anglo-Sax. sucan." Wachter 
 notices '* Germ, saugen, Anglo- 
 Sax, sycan, sugan, succan, su- 
 cian. Suec. suga, Franc, su- 
 gan." *[ Al. from oca, to let 
 fall rain ; whence a word v^co, 
 to make drop moisture, and 
 hence to suck ; fut. 2. vyw, (su- 
 go,) whence vypo$, moist. 
 
 Sui, of himself, &c. Doubt- 
 less allied to o5 or eo, S being 
 put for H, as in Sex from *E£: 
 but, how exactly it was formed, 
 itis not easy to say. Perhaps, — as 
 for (tov, JEol. too, was said tsojo, 
 (II. 0, 37, 468,) — so for o5 was 
 said koto, so?, contr. om, whence 
 hui, sui. So perhaps from 
 tsoIo, tsoT, contr. toui', is Tui. 
 
 Sulk, a hog-sty. Fr. sus, 
 suis. So Bo vile. 
 
 Sulcus, a furrow. For solcus 
 fr. o\x6g. 
 
 Sulphur, Sulfur. From 6\6- 
 nvpov, taken in the sense of all- 
 fiery ; whence ohnvgov, solpur, 
 solphur. % Al. from *>$, clKbg, 
 salt, and %vp } nvpos, fire. As 
 
456 
 
 SUL -SUM 
 
 
 composed partly of fossil salt, 
 and as being fiery. Hence sal- 
 pur, and solpur, as perhaps 
 cOrdis for cArdis. ^f Al. from 
 s\7ro$, (in Hesychius,) oil, iEol. 
 eXnop; for sulphur is bitumi- 
 nous. U for E, as in Ulcus. 
 
 Sultis, if you wish. For si 
 vultis. 
 
 Sum, I am. Fr. Ijctju-t, §ju,jx\ 
 S added as in Si or Sei from 
 El. And E changed to U, as 
 in Ulcus from "EXkos. Or, as 
 Valpy in his Grammar states 
 svvti to be an iEolic form of 
 e]<r), perhaps for s\[u or ey.) the 
 iEolians said ev^i, sup, whence 
 sum would more immediately 
 flow. ^[ Some suppose that 
 esum was the old form, and re- 
 fer it to £<rojw,«j, eo-ojx , I will be. 1 
 
 Sum, him. See Sas. 
 
 Sumen, a sow's belly with the 
 paps on it; a sow's udder cut 
 off and dressed for food. For 
 sugimen fr. sugo. As being 
 sucked. 2 
 
 Summa, the sum or aggregate 
 of anything. Fr. summus. For 
 that must be the highest number 
 which comprehends the whole. 
 H " Summe Germ., summa, 
 Lat. Each from the obsolete 
 sarnen, to collect. For what is 
 a sum but a collection of num- 
 bers ? The Welsh and Armo- 
 ries also say som, summ." W. 
 
 1 " The ancients thus declined the 
 present : esum, esis, esit, esumus, esitis, 
 esunt. Whence by contraction sum, es, 
 est, sumus, estis, sunt." V. 
 
 2 " Nonius Lucillium pro mulieris uber- 
 ibus usum docet. Sed proprie est ea 
 pars suilli ventris qua ubera continen- 
 tur." V. 
 
 Summano, I snatch away or 
 devour greedily. Properly as 
 greedily as (Summanus) Pluto. 
 "Omnia rapio ac devoro Pluto- 
 nis instar." F. But Carey re- 
 jects this sense of summano, and 
 understands it of gently flowing, 
 from mano, as. 
 
 Summanus, Pluto or Orcus. 
 For summimanus, i. e. summus 
 Manium. 
 
 Summus, topmost, highest, 
 greatest. For supimus superl. 
 of superus, as Inferus, Infimus. 
 Hence supmus, and then sum- 
 mus, as soPnus became soM- 
 nus. 
 
 Summus, last, opposed to 
 Primus. Cicero : " Ad summam 
 senectutem." That is, ad max- 
 imam. Virgil: "Yemt summa 
 dies." The last day, because 
 the day of death to each man 
 is the highest in computation of 
 those he has lived. See Sum- 
 ma. So " iEstate summa" &c. 
 Hence summus is directly oppo- 
 sed to Primus. Lucan : " In 
 fluvium primi cecidere, in cor- 
 pora summi." 
 
 Sumo, I take up, take in 
 hand, take ; take for granted or 
 for certain, presuppose, assume ; 
 I take to myself, arrogate, 
 vaunt» For subemo or subimo. 
 Subhere is from under, i. e. up. 
 Emo is, I take. Compare Adi- 
 mo. 
 
 Sumo, I lay out, buy, spend ; 
 1 waste. That is, 1 take up 
 and use, I take up money and 
 lay it out. See above. 
 
 Sumtuosus, costly, expensive. 
 Fr. sumtus, expense 5 fr. sumo, 
 sumtum, to spend. 
 
SUN SUP 
 
 457 
 
 Sunt, they are. Fr. suvr/ 1 an 
 JEolic form of slcrt. Hence 
 svvt, and sunt, as Sei from El. 
 % Or from sovti for gouci from 
 eco, (whence e<roo, stromal, &c.) as 
 XsyovTi for Aiyou<n. From eovn, 
 contr. oZvti, might be smw£. ^f 
 AI. from spovtou, (Vovt',) they 
 will be. See Sum. ^f Wachter 
 notices Anglo- Sax. synt. 
 
 Suo, I sew, stitch. Fr. a-voo, 
 whence xacrcrua> for xctTouruoo. 
 
 Supellex, supelleciilis, house- 
 hold furniture or stuff, moveables, 
 chattels, in which plate and rai- 
 ment are not counted. " As 
 being let, says Labeo, to ambas- 
 sadors [or simply, as being 
 used by ambassadors] as neces- 
 saries (sub pellibus) under their 
 tents. But it is as much taken 
 from the soldiery as from am- 
 bassadors : for the soldiery 
 wrapped in skins what they 
 took on their march. Tur- 
 nebus supposes that it first 
 meant what was placed {super 
 cubiculares vel tricliniares lec- 
 tos) on beds or couches, as co- 
 verlets, counterpanes, &c, and 
 that it afterwards assumed a 
 more general sense." V. 
 
 Super, above, over, upon, 
 &c. Fr. vnsp, as Sex from "E%. 
 
 Superbus, proud, haughty ; 
 distinguished, illustrious. Fr. 
 super. Being or carrying one- 
 self above others. We have per- 
 haps Acerbus from Acer. But, 
 as from Cado is Cadivus, so 
 from supero or super eo might 
 be superivus, whence supervus, 
 
 1 Valpy, Gr. Gr. p. 180. 
 
 Etym. 
 
 superbus. ^F AI. from wrspfiug, 
 going above others. ^f AI. 
 from uTcspfitoc, violent. * * 
 
 Supercilium, the ridge of 
 hair (super cilia) above' the eye- 
 lids ; eyebrow ; pride, gravity 
 as exhibited by the eye 1 brow. 
 
 Superficiaries, aedes, houses 
 built on another's ground, whose 
 property by civil right they are, 
 as being the master of the 
 ground : See Superficies. 
 
 Superficies, the surface, out- 
 side, or top of anything ; houses, 
 plantations, &c. as placed on 
 the surface of the ground and 
 raised above it. For super-fa- 
 des, the upper or outward face 
 of anything. 
 
 Superintendo, I superintend. 
 Super aliquid animum intendo. 
 
 Supero, I surpass, exceed, 
 excel. That is, I am (super) 
 above others. Supero is used 
 also like Supersum. 
 
 Supersedeo, I omit doing a 
 thing. That is, I sit over it 
 negligently, 1 loiter and leave it 
 undone. " Super aliqua, re 
 cunctor et sedendo nihil ago." 
 F. 
 
 Superstes, stttis, present. Fr. 
 sto, statum. One who stops or 
 stays over or over against another. 
 
 Superstes, surviving. One 
 who stays or remains over the 
 time that another dies. See 
 above. 
 
 Superstitio, false worship, a 
 groundless dread of the Gods. 
 Fr. supersto, superstitum. " A 
 worship which (super stat) ex- 
 ceeds the due bounds, or in 
 which any one exceeds the due 
 bounds." V. So Wachter : 
 3 M 
 
458 
 
 SUP- 
 
 SUP 
 
 " Super aliquid superfluum de- 
 notare videtur, quod modum 
 rectum excedit, et quasi super- 
 state Isaac Vossius under- 
 stands it otherwise : <l He is 
 superstitiosus who (stibsistit) 
 stands still and remains fixed in 
 the same place, fearing where 
 no fear is." 
 
 Supersum, I am (super) be- 
 yond another, I surpass, am su- 
 perior to ; I survive, remain 
 behind. See Superstes. Su- 
 perest is said of any thing re- 
 maining or left behind, remain- 
 ing to be done (super) over and 
 above what has been already 
 done; and of any thing being 
 over and above, superabound* 
 
 ing- w 
 
 Supervacuus, very idle, need- 
 less, unprofitable. Super is 
 " satis superque" over and 
 above. 
 
 Supervenio, I come on ano- 
 ther unexpectedly ; surprise; &c. 
 
 Superus, upper. Fr. super, 
 
 Supinus, with the face turned 
 upwards, lying on the back ; 
 indolent. Why Amatum, Vi- 
 sum, &c. were called supina, 
 supines, I must leave to the 
 acuteness of the reader to dis- 
 cover. 1 Supinus is from supus 
 
 1 Lyne says : " A Supine is a noun, so 
 named from its being always under [In 
 Greek inrb, whence virivos, supinus,~\ go- 
 vernment, having no nominative ; as a 
 Preposition is so named, because it al- 
 ways precedes or governs in construc- 
 tion." Or we may thus say that supines 
 are so far (supina) inactive and quiescent, 
 as they depend on other words for their 
 use. But, if supines are substantives, 
 how do we account for an accusative after 
 an active supine : " Vidimus Tiberim 
 
 or suppus, which last Lucifius 
 uses. Inus, as in Libertinus. 
 Dacier : " Suppus is from Gr. 
 uvTios, whence vmos, wro;, supus, 
 suppus." Or from otttjoj was 
 wtto$, vmrog, suppus. % Lennep 
 says : ""Twos is from the obso- 
 lete u7nvoj, Lat. supinus." ^f 
 Al. for subinus from sub, from 
 under, upward, as in Suspicio, 
 &c. Or for superinus from 
 super. % Al. from supo, to 
 cast, and so to cast prostrate, to 
 lay flat. 
 
 Supo: See Dissipo. 
 Supparum, Supdrum, Sipa- 
 rum : See Appendix. 
 
 Supptdito, I furnish, supply. 
 That is, I place (sub pedibus) 
 under or by the feet of another. 
 So in the Acts, Cl the possessors 
 of lands sold them and brought 
 the price of the things which 
 were sold, and laid it down at 
 the Apostles' feet." If Al. from 
 pedito sub aliquo. As applying 
 to lackeys, who, while they are 
 on foot themselves, supply their 
 masters, who are on horseback, 
 with what they want, ^f Al. 
 from the notion of furnish- 
 ing (peditem) infantry for a 
 campaign, which was afterwards 
 applied in a general way. 
 
 Suppttice, aid, succour. Quae 
 suppetunt, which are present to 
 us in distress. Hill : " Fr. sup- 
 peto. The simple verb denotes 
 keenness to get at the object to 
 be relieved : and sub suggests 
 
 Ire dejectum monumenta regis." Pris- 
 cian says that Supines are formed from 
 participles passive, which are called su- 
 pina. 
 
SUP 
 
 SUR 
 
 459 
 
 the nearness necessary to give 
 the aid required." 
 
 Suppetit is said of things 
 being present or at hand. Ho- 
 race : " Pauper enim non est, 
 cui rerum suppetit usus." Livy : 
 u Quibuscunque vires suppete- 
 bant ad arma ferenda." Cicero : 
 " Scribentur plura, si vita sup- 
 petet" Ammianus : 4C Archi- 
 tects, cujus nomen non suppe- 
 tit :" An architect, whose name 
 is not present to my memory, 
 does not occur to me. Nepos: 
 u Pecunia deesse ccepit, neque 
 quo manus porrigeret suppete- 
 batT Nor did it occur to him, 
 Nor did it suggest itself to him. 
 Vossius : " Because, what is 
 sought for, is often obtained, 
 suppetit is put for Adest, i. e. 
 quod petendo sit impetratuni." 
 It is observed by Scaliger that 
 Peto comes nearer in sense to 
 Nanciscor, than Volo does. 
 Peto, I aim at, arrive at; sub, 
 close to. ^f Or may petit be 
 from TrsTflo, to fall, vste*, it falls ? 
 
 Supplant o, I trip up one's 
 heels. That is, I upset (plant a 
 supposita) by putting my foot 
 under another's. 
 
 Suppleo, I till up or com- 
 pletely. Fr. sub, from under, 
 up ; and pleo. 
 
 Supplex, ids, suppliant. Fr. 
 supplico, I entreat. That is, I 
 fold my knees under, bend the 
 knees. 
 
 Supplicium, entreaty, prayer. 
 See above. 
 
 SuppUcium, condign punish^ 
 ment. Scaliger : " Cum sacrum 
 iieret pro eo, cujus caput de- 
 
 votum esset ; quo [sacro] sup- 
 plicarent Diis et deprecarentur 
 to vejtx-ecnjToi/, quia interficerent 
 civem ; propterea supplicium 
 dici cceptum pro poena capitali. 
 Sane ariete aut vervece solebant 
 amoliri piaculum contractum ex 
 nece alicujus." ' 
 
 Suppono, I put one thing or 
 person in place of another, sub- 
 stitute ; counterfeit ; bring up 
 another's child for my own. See 
 Substituo. 
 
 Suppus, Supus: See Supi- 
 nus. 
 
 Supra, above, over. For su~ 
 perd parte, fr. superus. See 
 Infra. 
 
 Supremus, highest, greatest. 
 Also, last : See Summus. For 
 superrimus, supreimus, superl. 
 of superus. As Exterrimus, 
 Extremus. 
 
 Sura, the calf of the leg. 
 For sura cruris. Sura is fr. 
 ovpot. The hinder part of the 
 leg. Kut ovpuv is, st tergo, at 
 the back, behind, % " From 
 Hebr. SAR, flesh. As being 
 a fleshy part." V. 
 
 Surculus, a small branch or 
 sprig. For suriculus fr. surus. 
 % "A surgo. Latinis omnia 
 vegetabilia, quae se sponte sua 
 tollunt in luminis auras, surgere 
 dicuntur." W. 
 
 Surdus, deaf. " For sordus 
 fr. sordes. From the notion of 
 
 1 Hill: "From denoting supplication, 
 supplicium has been transferred to pu- 
 nishment, probably from the person ex- 
 posed to it begging for mercy, or bending 
 under its severity." 
 
460 
 
 SUR- 
 
 ■suu 
 
 the ears being filled with dirt. 
 Hence Horace represents an ear 
 which hears well as cleansed 
 from dirt: * Est mihi purga- 
 tam crebrd qui personat au- 
 rem.' Or for seoridus, i. e. 
 sine ore or aure, whence oricula, 
 oricilla. Horace has Auritas 
 quercus." V. Se-auridus, Se- 
 urdus, Surdus. 
 
 Surgo, I raise or lift up ; 1 
 lift myself up, rise. For sur- 
 rego, (whence Surrexi,) fr. sub, 
 from under, up; and rego, 
 whence rectus. I raise right up. 
 See Erigo. 
 
 Surio, libidine prurio. A 
 sueris, apud antiquos in usu pro 
 suis & sus. Aut recta a suis, ut 
 vvb$, nuRus. 
 
 Surpite, for surripite. 
 
 Sursum, Sursus, upwards, on 
 high. For subversum, subver- 
 sils. So Retroversum, Rursum. 
 Sub is here from under, up, as 
 in Suspicio, Surrexi. % Or 
 sursum is for superiversum fr. 
 superus. 
 
 Surus, a stake. Isaac Vos- 
 sius quotes the gloss of Hesy- 
 chius : Zvctgov, tov kKwvol, a 
 branch. Surus then is for su- 
 arus/ 
 
 Sus, a swine. Xv$. 
 
 Susque deque, up and down. 
 For sursumque (or sursusque) 
 deorsumque. il Susque deque 
 fero or Susque deque habeo is 
 nothing but, I care not a jot 
 
 1 Isaac Vossius adds : i( Apud Dionem 
 legas 84aTpuv £k <rvp(ai>, ex palis aut tra- 
 bibus." But here aipwu or avp&v is un- 
 derstood by others in the sense oi<ri<rvpwu. 
 
 whether a thing goes up or 
 down." V. 
 
 Suscipio, I take up, take in 
 hand, undertake ; bear up, sus- 
 tain ; take up another's words, 
 reply. For subcipio fr. capio. 
 Sub is from-under, as Under in 
 our Undertake. 
 
 Suscito, 1 rouse up. For 
 sub-cito. 
 
 Susinus, made of lilies. For 
 (jQuaov, a lily. 
 
 Suspensus, in doubt, anxious. 
 Fr. pendeo. As hanging or sus- 
 pended between hope and fear. 
 Livy : " Tot populos inter spem 
 metumque suspenses." 
 
 Suspicio, 1 look from under, 
 I look up. For subspecio. 
 
 Suspicor, 1 suspect, mistrust ; 
 I suspect, imagine, conjecture. 
 Fr. sub and sptcio. The Greeks 
 use vxovoaj, vnofikeirofxcii, &c. 
 in the same sense of mistrusting. 
 
 Suspirium, a sigh. For sub- 
 spirium. A breathing up hea- 
 vily from the heart. 
 
 Sustento, I hold up, sup- 
 port, sustain, maintain ; hold up 
 against, resist, check ; &c. Fr. 
 substeneo, substentum. 
 
 Susum, upwards. Fr. sur- 
 sum, or subversum. 
 
 Susurro, 1 whisper. From 
 the sound. Or perhaps the 
 Greek ^IQugog, whisper, may 
 have led the way: psithirus, 
 sisirus. " Hesychius explains 
 (Tuva-apov by tyiQvpov." V. 
 
 Sutela, guile, craft. Fr. suo, 
 sutum, to stitch, stitch together. 
 Plautus has Consutis dolis. So 
 Medela, Tutela. 
 
 Suus, one's own. Fr. sui. 
 
SYC TAB 
 
 461 
 
 Sycammus, a sycamine or 
 sycamore tree. 2vxx[uvos. 
 
 Sycophant a, a false informer, 
 calumniator ; knave, cheat. Xu- 
 
 Sylldba, a syllable. 5VA- 
 
 Syllabus, a compendium. 
 
 Syllogismus, a syllogism. 
 
 Sylva, Silva, a wood. Fr. 
 uAa, whence syla, (as If, Sex,) 
 sylva, as arVum fr. «fw. Or 
 fr. syla, whence syliva, sylva. 
 % Or from £ uXov, wood ; whence 
 xyliva, (as Cado, Cadiva,) xylva, 
 sylva, as Siliqua for Xiliqua, 
 and our Sample for 'Xample, 
 and Spend for 'Xpend. 
 
 Symbola, one's share in a 
 reckoning. XvpfioXri. 
 
 Symbolum, a ring, ringseal, 
 signet ; impression, type. Fr. 
 (TUj^jSoAov, a sign, mark. 
 
 Symmttria, proportion. Xv/x,- 
 (xsrpici. 
 
 Symphonia, harmony of 
 mingled sounds. HufMpcovlet. 
 
 Sympinium : See Simpu- 
 vium. 
 
 Symposium, a drinking toge- 
 ther. XujW.7roVioy. 
 
 Syn&rcsis, the contraction of 
 two vowels into one. Svvuige- 
 
 Synagoga,a synagogue. Xuv- 
 
 Synanche, a quinsey. Hw~ 
 ayxn- 
 
 Synchysis, a confused order 
 of words. Fr. o-vyx v,Tl s> a con ~ 
 fusion. 
 
 Syncqpa, a cutting off in 
 words. ZvyxoTTYi. 
 
 Synedrus, a senator. J5w#» 
 hpo$. 
 
 Syngrdpha, any written obli- 
 gation or contract between two 
 or more parties. 2uyyqa<py). 
 
 Sy nodus, a synod. 2uvofo$. 
 
 Synonyrna, synonyms. 2uv~ 
 
 <Jt)VV[AOt. 
 
 Syntaxis, syntax. Fr. cruvra- 
 fif, an arrangement. 
 
 Synthesis, <r6vQs(n§, a com- 
 position of several ingredients as 
 in medicines ; a set or suit of 
 wearing apparel ; a supping 
 robe ; a set of vessels or plate. 
 
 Syrinx, a pipe ; a subterrane- 
 ous passage. £vpiy%. 
 
 Syrma, a loose flowing robe 
 with a long train. JSuppu. 
 
 Syrtis, sands, quicksands. 
 
 Syr us, a broom. Fr. <rupu), 
 to draw. From its drawing the 
 dirt together. 
 
 Tabanus., a gadfly, i* From 
 tabeo, to grow thin. From its 
 taper shape." Tt. " Quod 
 corpore tabeat, gracilis sit." 
 Ainsw. 
 
 Tdbella, a little plank, tablet, 
 board; writing tablet; a billet 
 or tablet used in giving votes, 
 hence a ballot, vote ; also a 
 writing on a tablet, bill, bond, 
 will ; any writing, letter. Fr. 
 tabula. 
 
 Tabellarius, a letter carrier. 
 Fr. tabella. 
 
 Tabeo, I melt away, waste 
 away, am dissolved, rot. Fr. Taxew 
 Doric of Tqxeco (whence rqkeScov,) 
 
462 
 
 TAB 
 
 TAC 
 
 same as t^xco. Hence tapeo, 
 (as \vKo$, IuPus ; <rriKb$, sePes,) 
 tabeo. % Or fr. tabes, and this 
 from tyjxu). Dor. tolxco, whence 
 tacibes, tabes, somewhat as Fa- 
 ciq, Faciber, Faber. 
 
 Taberna, a stall, shed, hut, 
 shop, tavern, &c. From tabula, 
 whence tabulerna, like Caverna, 
 then taberna. As made of 
 planks or boards, ^f Al. soft 
 for traberna fr. trabs, tra- 
 bis. 
 
 Tdberndculum, a tent, pa- 
 vilion. Fr. taberna. 
 
 Tabes, a melting, flowing, 
 wasting, dissolution ; rotting, 
 corruption, disease ; corrupt or 
 corrupting moisture, gore, poi- 
 son ; wasting, consumption. See 
 Tabeo. 
 
 Tablinum, a place where {ta- 
 bula) records or pictures were 
 kept. Also, a walk on the top 
 of a house covered over (ta- 
 bulis) with planks. For tabuli- 
 num. 
 
 Tabula, a board, plank, table. 
 Fr. rotoo, to stretch out, stretch 
 out in length. Forcellini de- 
 fines tabula " lamina arboris 
 in loDgitudinem et latitudinem 
 secta." Hence tabula, as from 
 For, Faris, is Fabula. Or from 
 rcuo was TctoXri or tuvXyj, ex- 
 tended, whence taola, taBola, 
 tabula. Or from rotvco fut. of 
 raivco (whence Tcxiviot) was tani- 
 bula, tabula, as Figo, Figibula, 
 Fibula. Thus from raw, TueXog, 
 TrjXos, is TriXla, a board, stand, 
 table, &c. Some refer tabula 
 to Qotco, to make to sit, to place, 
 whence Qu<x<T<roo, Qcoxog, a seat, 
 &c. The Germ, tafel Wachter 
 
 refers to Lat. tabula. 1 Tabula is 
 also a gaming-table, dice-board, 
 tablet, tablet covered with wax 
 for writing on ; tablet for paint- 
 ing, a picture ; tablet for ac- 
 counts ; tablet or plank fixed up 
 to advertise sales, &c. ; pro- 
 scription-table ; a tablet used 
 in giving votes. Also, what is 
 written on tablets, a law, edict, 
 register, will, bill, bond, deed, 
 vote, &c. Tabula was also a 
 square measure of land, from 
 the form of the tabula. Ta- 
 bula was drapery. " Quia in- 
 star tabularum aliae ruga? et 
 plicatura? in vestibus super alias 
 insident et superpositae sunt." F. 
 
 Tdbularius, an accountant, 
 registrary. Fr. tabula. 
 
 Tdbulatum, a boarded floor, 
 story in a building ; a deck ; a 
 layer or row. Fr. tabula or 
 tabulo. 
 
 Tdbum, gore, poison. See 
 Tabes. 
 
 Tdceo, I am silent, still. Fr. 
 craco, I stand, stand still ; pf. 
 Itrraxa, whence oraxeaJ, then 
 Taxe'co (as Zreyw, Tsyca,) taceo. 
 % Or from Quxsco, I sit. As 
 from fyou, Yi<rai, is ?<ru%0£, quiet. 
 % Al. from ctxsco, whence axecov, 
 quiet. Hence xcituxeod, Vaxeco. 
 \\ Al. from Germ, tagen and 
 decken, Goth, thahan, Franc. 
 thagan, Icel. thaka. 
 
 1 Wachter: " Sirailius nos a Latini» 
 banc vocem accepisse, quam illos a no- 
 bis." But Wachter elsewhere seems to 
 refer tabula to the Armoric taul, a plank. 
 Martini : " A Chaldaico TBLA, conjun- 
 gens, connectens : quia ad coassationes 
 ejus usus est." 
 
TAC- 
 
 TAL 
 
 463 
 
 Tdciturnus, silent. Fr. taceo, 
 taciturn, 
 
 Tada, the pitch tree from 
 which torches are made ; a torch, 
 brand ; nuptial torch ; the plank 
 of a ship, as made of the pitch 
 tree. Soft for dada fr. hottg, tiot&og, 
 ace. SaiSa ; which is not only a 
 torch, but the torch tree. 1 
 
 Tadet, it irks or wearies. Fr. 
 aMco, 1 am satiated ; whence 
 ho&zw, and 8ia8e7, it satiates ; 
 transp. tictifal, hence dadet, and 
 tadet as Taeda from JaTSa. ^f 
 Or from xoiTouhl, it shames or 
 repents. Hence catadet, and 
 tadet, as Laxo from Xct\ct%w, 
 Lactis from ruKuxrog. The 
 ideas of repenting and being 
 weary of, are not remote. Ci- 
 cero : t( Tadet ipsum Pom- 
 peium, vehementerque pceni- 
 TET. ,, ^ Or from Mfo, to 
 distress, cause anguish ; fut. 2. 
 da'ifiw, 
 
 lama, a woollen fillet or 
 riband ; a long bar of white 
 rocks in the sea ; a tape- worm. 
 Tutvlot. 
 
 Tagax, thievish. Fr. tango, 
 tago. That is, apt to touch, 
 light-fingered. 
 
 Tago : See Tango. 
 
 Taldria, the parts round (ta- 
 los) the ankles. Also, sandals 
 covering the ankles. 
 
 Tdlassus, Tdlassius, Tdlassio, 
 a name pronounced aloud on 
 nuptial occasions. Martial : 
 " Nee tua defuerunt verba, Ta- 
 
 lasse, tibi." Livy on the rape 
 of the Sabine women : " Unam 
 longe ante alias specie ac pul- 
 chritudine insignem a globo 
 Talassii cujusdam raptam fe- 
 runt. Multisque sciscitantibus 
 cuinam earn ferrent, identidem 
 ne quis violaret, Talassio ferri 
 clamitatum. Inde nuptialem 
 banc vocem factam." ^f Al. 
 from Tothu<nog, one that spins 
 wool. 
 
 Talea, the branch of a tree 
 sharpened like a stake and plant- 
 ed in the ground, a cutting, set, 
 slip, graff. Also, a branch, 
 stake, pile, &c. " Talea dicun- 
 tur graciliores trabes quibus 
 murorumcompages connectitur: 
 quia talearum instar sunt rectae 
 etteretes." V. Talea is fr. QxMog, 
 a sprig, branch, sprout, sucker; 
 or fr. QaXog, QuKsog, the same ; or 
 fr. QxWiot or QxXsix, which seem 
 to mean the same, ^f Al. from 
 flaXe/a, flourishing. % u From 
 Germ, teilen, Goth, dailjan, to 
 divide, to cut." W. z 
 
 Tdlentum, a talent. Tukav- 
 
 TOV. 
 
 Tdlio, retaliation. Fr. talis. 
 Like for like. 
 
 Talis, such. Fr. rr^xUog, Dor. 
 ruklxog, whence rating, t«A<£, 
 and talis, as uXwnYjS, vulpeS. 
 Or fr. TaXUog, by omitting xo, 
 is rcctig, talis. See Qualis. 3 
 
 Talitrum: See Appendix. 
 
 Talpa, a mole. Fr. ru<pA^, 
 
 1 " AySivos, made of pine-wood. Aa- 
 ZoQopeu), to produce the wood fit for mak- 
 ing torches." Dn. 
 
 2 " A tali similitudine." Perott. 
 
 3 Al. from tarn, for tamilis, as Agilis : 
 somewhat as Tantus is from Tam. Then 
 Qualis would be from Quam. «f Al. 
 from Goth, thalik, tholic, tolic. 
 
464 
 
 TAL- 
 
 TAN 
 
 tu$X«, blind ; transp. rvXQa., 
 tulpka, tulpa, whence talpa. 
 We have cAnis from xTvog, 
 cAlixfromxrXjg. Virgil: " Aut 
 oculis capti fodere cubilia 
 talpe" f " From the Chal- 
 daic TLP, to cleave. As Vir- 
 gil applies Fodere to them." 
 V.» 
 
 Talus, the pastern-bone of an 
 animal. The human ankle. 
 " From its likeness," says For- 
 cellini. Also, a game in which 
 four pastern-bones properly 
 marked were thrown like dice. 
 From taxillus, as Vexillum, Ve- 
 lum. 
 
 Tarn, so, so much. Fr. ryv, 
 Dor. t«v, whence tarn, as ju,oO- 
 caN, musaM. Tyv, for x«t« 
 ty)v, used like tJ, which Donne- 
 gan explains " in this way or 
 manner." So ovtoo$ ; and so 
 Sic is nothing but Hie. Quam 
 seems to be the accus. feminine 
 like Tam. ^ v From Hebr. 
 dam, likeness," says Jones. 2 
 
 Tdmdrix, Tamarlce, Tamd- 
 riscus, the tamarisk. " From 
 Hebr. tamaric, abstersion. 
 From its properties of cleansing 
 and purifying the blood." Tt. 
 
 Tdmen, notwithstanding. 
 From to. ph, i. e. xara, 7 a. ju-gj/, 
 Tturot TuvTct pev, i. e. ovrco$ pev. 
 Mh being considered the same 
 as in jtxivToi. «[ Al. transposed 
 from jxsvre, i. e. ts ju-e'v. 
 
 1 " From 6d\Trw, to dig/' adds Vos- 
 sius, and Forcellini repeats. Excellent : 
 if QaKiru) were but used in this sense. 
 
 2 See a northern origin of tarn in 
 Quam. 1T Al. for tantum. But tanlus 
 is from tam. 
 
 Tdmetsi, although. For ta- 
 menetsi. 
 
 Taminia uva : See Appendix. 
 Tandem, at length, at last. 
 For tamendemum, or tam demum. 
 1T -Al. for dandem fr. tyv, a long 
 time, Dor. Sav ; dem added, as 
 in Pridem. ^f Al. from tam 
 and tyv : or toLv (whence Tam) 
 and dvjv. 
 
 Tango , I touch. For tago, 
 as Pango for Pago. Tago fr. 
 rayw fut. 2. of ra£a>, I stretch 
 out, 1 stretch out my hand, I 
 stretch out my hand to touch or 
 take. Homer has no$b$ Tsruywv, 
 laying hold of by the foot. From 
 tago is tetdgo, tetigo, (as pot- 
 Xdvoi, machlna,) whence tetigi. 
 *ft Others suppose tago put for 
 tigo fr. Qiyco. Then tetigi is for 
 tethigi. *ft " From Anglo-Sax. 
 tekan," says Tooke. Whence 
 our take. Wachter refers to 
 Suec. taga, which is near to 
 tago. He refers also to Gr. 
 liyo^ax, I take. The fut. 2. of 
 Sep/w might be Sa^oo, which 
 might produce tago. But the 
 sense of touching is prior to that 
 of taking. 
 
 Tango, I steal. Tango is 
 here to take. (See above.) 
 Hence to take away, carry off. 
 Tango, I trick one out of, 
 chouse. Plautus : " Istis te 
 tetigi triginta minis." Perhaps 
 from tango, I steal, steal from, 
 rob. After the Greek construc- 
 tion atpaigovftcil as.' Forcellini 
 deduces this sense from the ex- 
 pression Tangere aves. Petro- 
 nius : {i Volucres quas tectis 
 arundinibus peritus artifex teti- 
 git." Secondly from tango in 
 
TAN- 
 
 TAX 
 
 465 
 
 the sense of Ferio. Ovid has 
 tangere chordas, to strike or 
 sweep. That is, tango, I sweep 
 one out of. Somewhat like 
 Emungo. Or, as Forcellini 
 explains tetigit in the passage of 
 Plautus, " Tetigit calicem clan- 
 culum," by Exbausit, tango may 
 be here to drain or empty. 
 
 Tanquam, just as, as it were, 
 just as if. That is, tarn, so, 
 quam, as. 
 
 Tantisper, for so long. For 
 tantis temporibus. Per added 
 as in Parumper, Nuper. So 
 Paulisper. 
 
 Tantopere, so earnestly, to 
 such a degree. Plautus : " Hoc 
 erat quod me vir tanto opere 
 orabat meus." 
 
 Tantilm, only. Sallust : 
 " Tantilm illud vereor ne," &c. 
 That is, I fear so much and no 
 more. 
 
 Tantus, so great. For tarn- 
 tus fr. tam. As Quam, Quan- 
 tus. 
 
 Tdpanta, a factotum. Ta 
 
 TtOtVTOL. 
 
 Tapes, Tapetum, tapestry. 
 
 Taplnoma, a sinking or low- 
 ering expression. Tonrehcopu, 
 
 Tarandus, a Scythian animal. 
 A Scythian word. 
 
 Taratalla, a pun in Martial 
 on Homer's words Mi<ttv\\qv 
 t apct TuKKa. 
 
 Tardus, slow. Fr. /3pa8u$, 
 whence rpo&us, (as vice versa li- 
 Bra from \ITqcl : and somewhat 
 as Trans is perhaps for Prans,) 
 transp. tǤ8w$. % Al. from 
 r<xplr\v, in a tired manner ; from 
 rhaqTou pp. of reigoo. See Tar- 
 Etym. 
 
 mes. % Al. from Tagfiwfys, dis- 
 mayed, timorous, from Tapji}os t as 
 Taga^og, Tctpux<jo?>Yi$. Tctpfioo$Yis 
 cut down to Ttxpfys, Gr. ojcvog 
 is both timidity and sluggish- 
 ness. 
 
 Tar mes, a woodworm. Fr. 
 TSTupi^oa pp. of Tsipao, to wear 
 out, fret. So Gr. regr^wv. 
 
 Tartarus, Tartarus. Tagroc- 
 qog. 
 
 Tasconium: See Appendix. 
 
 Tata, papa, daddy. Tara. 
 " The Germ, tatte is, pater, 
 tutor, nutricius." W. 
 
 Tatce, strange! wonderful! 
 Imitated from babce, and papa, 
 fictfia) and TroLitctl. 
 
 'J 'aura, a barren cow. Tuvpa. 
 
 Taurea, a leathern thong. As 
 made from the hide (tauri) of a 
 bull. 
 
 Taurii, Taurilia : See Ap- 
 pendix. 
 
 Taurobolior, I make a (rav- 
 gofioXiov) sacrifice of bulls. 
 
 Taurus, a bull. Tuvpo$. Also, 
 a bull-fly or bull-bee/ 
 
 Tax, the sound of a stroke 
 with a whip. Plautus : " Tax 
 tax tergo meo erit : non euro." 
 Formed from the whim of the 
 poet. " Vox fictitia," says For- 
 cellini. % Al. from taxi pf. of 
 tago, whence tango, to touch or 
 strike. Horace : " Sublimi fla- 
 gello Tange Chloen." 
 
 Taxillus, 
 
 1 "Taurus est item pars ea quae est 
 inter podicem et scrotum, Gr. ofyov. 
 Vel ipsum alHoiov." F. " 'Aravpwros, 
 expers viri. Reete Heinsius notavit 
 virginem sic vocari,quia ravpos est a&oiov 
 avdp6s." Blomfield. 
 
 3 N 
 
466 
 
 TAX- 
 
 TEL 
 
 Taxim, softly, gently, gradu- 
 ally. Fr. tago (whence tango), 
 taxi. " Quasi, sensim tangen- 
 do." F. 
 
 Taxo, I reproach, tax. Fr. 
 tago, (whence tango), taxi, tax- 
 urn. Johnson : " To Touch : 
 to censure, to animadvert on. 
 Hayward : Parker, in his Ser- 
 mon before them, touched 
 them for their living so near 
 that they went near to touch 
 him for his life." 
 
 Taxo, I fix the value of a 
 thing, rate, tax. Pliny : li Ta- 
 lentuoi Atticum denar. sex 
 mill, taxat Varro." Vossius: 
 " Budaeus refers it to Touj-oroo, 
 rafco. For among the Greeks 
 a seller is said ra(r<reiv ryv et^lstv 
 tcov cvvicov, to fix the price of 
 what he sells. So Thucydides 
 bas Tu£ctVTs$ apyvplov noWov, 
 cum taxassent argento multo 
 sive pretio ingenti." 
 
 Taxus, the yew tree. Fr. 
 la.Kca, lufa, which Donnegan 
 translates " to corrode ;" and 
 whence Saxerov, which he trans- 
 lates " an animal whose bite is 
 venomous." This tree bears 
 poisonous berries. ^| "From 
 Hebr. tacsa." Tt. «[[ Gaien 
 has Tafo$, which Stephens as- 
 serts to have been taken from 
 the Latin. 1 
 
 IV, accus. of tu. From <re, 
 .flEol. tL 
 
 Techna, a trick. Tkyyr^. 
 
 Tectorium, plastering or 
 plaster for a wall. Fr. tego, tec- 
 tum. As covering it. 
 
 Tectum, a roof; a house. Fr. 
 tego, tegtum. 
 
 Teda : See Taeda. 
 
 Teges, a mat or rug made of 
 sedge, rushes, &c. Fr. tego. 
 As used to cover with. 
 
 Tegmen, a covering, shelter. 
 For tegimen fr. tego. 
 
 Tego, I cover. Fr. Teyoo, 
 (same as oTeyco,) whence Teyoj 
 and riyy). 
 
 Tegula, a tile. Fr. tego. 
 As Rego, Regula. 
 
 Tela, a web of cloth ; thread 
 for weaving. Fr. texo, whence 
 texela, as Tutor, Tutela. Then 
 tela, as Vexillum, Velum.* 
 
 Ttldmones, figures of men 
 supporting cornices in buildings. 
 From TsAapSvej, which was 
 doubtless used in this sense. 
 As Vossius observes, rsXccco ex- 
 isted as well as raXa», to sup- 
 port ; then from TsXaca, pp. re- 
 THAaju,ai, was TeXoipcav. 
 
 Telance ficus, 
 
 Teleta, an initiation. TsXstyj. 
 
 Telis, fenugreek. T^Xig. 
 
 Tellence tricae. Arnobius : 
 " Tergiversari ; tricas, queroad- 
 modum dicitur, conduplicare 
 Tellenas." Heraldus : "Taken 
 perhaps from the Greek pro- 
 verb, Ta. rou Ts\\yjvo$ asfoeiv, for 
 repeating again and again the 
 same song." Others read 
 Atellanas. 
 
 Tellus, the earth. "The 
 Anglo-Sax. tilian, Belg. teelen, 
 is to generate. TeAw means the 
 same. Hence Gr. Qfav, femi- 
 
 2 Hemsterhuis refers tela to TaeKy, 
 1 AI. from t6£ov, a bow. As if bows rr)hrj, from tow, I extend : ** Extensum 
 were formed from it. linum." 
 
TEL- 
 
 •TEM 
 
 467 
 
 nine ; and Lat. tellus, the com- 
 mon parent of all." W. TeAAco 
 is explained by Donnegan, 1' to 
 make, to cause to exist, to pro- 
 duce." From tsAAw then is tel- 
 lus. Perhaps through TeAAoucra 
 (t£AAouo-') i. e. yvj. Some refer 
 it to Qfavs, (0ijAAu$,) fruitful. 
 And Joseph Scaliger refers tel- 
 lus to rsAaco, tsAgo, (whence re- 
 Xct[jt.cuv f ) same as raAaco, to sus- 
 tain, bear up : as it sustains 
 everything. Somewhat as At- 
 las from a, much, and rXoLg, 
 sustaining, % Tooke : " Tel- 
 lus is that which is tilled, from 
 Anglo- Sax. tilian." The Greek 
 t/AAo> is to pluck up or out, 
 and might have been trans- 
 ferred to tilling, ^f Quayle re- 
 fers to Celt, thalloo. % " From 
 the Punic tall" Caninius. 
 
 Ttlonium, a toll- booth. Ts- 
 Awvjov. 
 
 Telum, a missile weapon. 
 " Fr. T>jAi, afar," says Festus. 
 1f But telum is used also for 
 arms employed in close combat, 
 as a sword, dagger, &c. Whence 
 it is referred to tegulum fr. tego, 
 i. e. protego. 5f Or to Gr. x>j- 
 Aov, which seems capable of 
 being used of any weapon ; 
 iEol. tyjKov, as Tr,vog for Keivos, 
 that is, Kvfivog, Kjjvog. % Or to 
 raw, to extend, whence raeAov, 
 ■njAoy. " From t>jAov i. e. jSeAoj 
 was telum, jaculum in longum 
 protensum." Hemsterh. 
 
 Temerarius, rash. Fr. teme- 
 rl or temerus. 
 
 Temere, inconsiderately, in- 
 discreetly, without reason, rash- 
 ly. Carelessly, confusedly, here 
 and there. Lightly, readily, 
 
 easily. Plautus : * Rapidus 
 fluvius est hie : non hac temere 
 transiri potest." Fr. uQspepoog, 
 unsteadily, imprudently. He- 
 sychius : Os^epov' «renvoi/, /3e- 
 jSaiov, ev<TToiQe$. OBpspoQpoov* <ru- 
 vsrog, (rooQpwv. From uQepegog 
 was athemerus, atemerus, 
 whence temerus, as Lamina for 
 Elamina, Stella for Sterula for 
 Asterula. ^f Al. from Qupsgog, 
 ardent, hasty, from Qvpog. But 
 why v into e ? 
 
 Temero, I profane, violate, 
 pollute. That is, temere tracto, 
 J act towards, so as to betray 
 lightness of thought where con- 
 sideration and care are greatly 
 necessary. 
 
 Temetum, wine. Soft for 
 tmetum from Tpjrov fr. t^sco, to 
 cut. As Merum-vinum is from 
 Mepw, Msipoo, to divide. That 
 is, pure. 1 
 
 Temno, I despise. Fr. rejx- 
 voo, I cut, that is, I cut off from 
 my acquaintance. We say com- 
 monly " To cut a person," in 
 the same sense. 
 
 Temo, the pole of a carriage. 
 From a word rypcov formed fr. 
 Tmjjaai a pp. of tuod, to extend. 
 Forcellini explains temo " lig- 
 num longum et extentum." 
 So Wachter : " Temo est lig- 
 num longum." Or raco (through 
 raivoo) is here the same as Tircti- 
 vco, which is used of horses draw- 
 ing a carriage. For temo is the 
 draught-tree. 
 
 Tempe, pleasant spots or 
 
 1 Al. from rb fiiQv. 
 
 2 So from TCTTjTot are probably <njrcfe> 
 and iiriTJidys. 
 
468 
 
 TEM- 
 
 TEN 
 
 places. From Tempe, to, Tejtx,- 
 nr,, vl pleasant spot in Thes- 
 saly. 
 
 Tempcrans, temperate. Par- 
 ticiple of tempero, to refrain. 
 
 Temperies, a mixing .of differ- 
 ent things in due proportion. A 
 due proportion of heat and cold 
 in a climate ; a temperate cli- 
 mate. Fr. tempero. 
 
 Tempero, I mix things in due 
 proportion, I temper, qualify, 
 modify, mitigate, soften. I 
 govern or regulate in a due 
 manner, " quod fit non uno eo- 
 demque semper modo, sed va- 
 rias rationes miscendo, et nunc 
 hac, nunc ilia utendo, pro tem- 
 porum et rerum varietate." V. 
 Also, I moderate, check, re- 
 strain ; I restrain myself, re- 
 frain. From tempus, eris, sea- 
 son, opportunity ; whence tern- 
 peri. That is, I deal with things 
 according as it is seasonable 
 and meet, I adapt one thing to 
 another as it suits. Or tempus 
 (as being from rspvco,) was in 
 its primitive sense " quantitas 
 divisa et discreta ;" then tempero 
 is " divido et discerno," or 
 " quantitates dkisas et discretas 
 ccmmisceo." 
 
 Tempest as, time, season. Fr. 
 tempus, or temper, whence tem- 
 peris. Compare Majestas. The 
 time of the year, a fair or bad 
 season ; the state of the weather 
 at a given season or time, calm 
 and serene, or bad and stormy 
 weather; calm or tempest. Lu- 
 cretius : " Cum tempestas arri- 
 det, et anni Tempora consper- 
 gunt viridantes floribus herbas." 
 Tempestivus, seasonable, 
 
 timely, in season, ripe. Fr. 
 tempestas. 
 
 Templum, a quarter or por- 
 tion of the heavens cut off or 
 marked out by the augurs. A 
 portion of ground cut off and 
 marked out for a temple. Fr. 
 Tspw, to cut ; whence temulum, 
 temlum, for softness templum, 
 as Exemo, Exemulum, Exem- 
 lum, Exemplum. Or for temi- 
 pulum,(\ike Disco, Discipulus,) 
 whence tempulum, templum. 
 Or fr. tsju-svoj, whence temenu- 
 lum, temulum. fl" Al. from 
 tempto, to try, explore : whence 
 temptulum, templum. 
 
 Tempori, Temperi, in good 
 time, seasonably. Fr. tempus 
 and temper. 
 
 Tempus, space or portion of 
 time, season, day, hour ; time 
 in general ; time, occasion, op- 
 portunity. As B is added in 
 morBus from popog, so P ap- 
 pears to be added in tempus fr. 
 Tejctw, to cut, divide into por- 
 tions. That is, a division of 
 time. 
 
 Tempus capitis, the temple 
 of the head. So called, it is 
 said, because the temples indi- 
 cate the time or age of man. 
 
 Tlmulentus* given to wine. 
 For temetulentus fr. temetum, 
 like Lutum, Lutulentus. Com- 
 pare Abstemius. 
 
 Tenax, holding fast, firm, &c. 
 Fr. teneo. As Rapio, Rapax. 
 
 Tendicul/B, tenter-hooks for 
 stretching cloth. Fr. tendo. 
 
 1 Prudentius shortens the E, I suppose 
 for the metre. 
 
TEN 
 
 TEN 
 
 469 
 
 Also, nets, snares, gins. The 
 Latins say tendere retia, plagas, 
 &c. 
 
 Tendo, I stretch out, extend. 
 Also, I advance towards, direct 
 my course towards, tend to, aim 
 at. " Eo, pergo, quod fit pedes 
 gres9usque extendendo." F. 
 Tendo is from revfyv formed fr. 
 TSTsvToii, the regular perf. pass. 
 of rsivco. So from 'Apeipoo, 
 'Apegfyv is ''Afiiphca. Or from 
 TY)dqv (from raw, TenjTai,) thence 
 a verb TijSeco, rrj&a, and tedo, 
 teNdo. *i Al. from revm fut. 
 of re/vco: D being added. Or 
 for tenno, fr. two» iEolic form 
 of tsIvo). 
 
 Tenebrce, darkness. Fr. teneo, 
 to keep back, restrain. As 
 Lateo, Latebrae. ^f Rather, 
 from foocpepu), dark ; transp. 
 SsvoQpoi), denophrce, denobrce, (as 
 ap&co, am Bo), denebra, tene- 
 bra. 
 
 T melius, delicate. For iene- 
 rulus. 
 
 Ttneo, I hold, hold fast, oc- 
 cupy, hold back, restrain, de- 
 tain; hold fast, bind, engage, 
 captivate ; &c. Fr. tsveuo, rgvco, 
 fut. of Tehco, I stretch out, 
 stretch out my hand to take and 
 hold. Plautus : ** porrige 
 brachiuin, prehende. Jam 
 tenes ? — Teneo. — Tene" So 
 from Totoo, I stretch out, is T>j, 
 take, lay hold of. So from TaKw 
 is TeTuywv, having laid hold of. 
 Donnegan : " Tato, properly, to 
 stretch out the hand to take 
 hold of any thing." Again : 
 <{ 'Ogeyopotiy to stretch forth 
 the hands and take." f\ Al. 
 from Tsivw, in the sense of 
 
 Tendo, I aim at, come up to, 
 get, &c. 
 
 Ttner, tender. For tenerus, 
 (whence tenera) fr. rspevog gen. 
 of Ts'pjv; iransp. Tevspo$. Or 
 tener is reg^, transp. revijp. 
 
 Tenesmus, a bloody flux. Tei- 
 ve<rpo$. 
 
 Tenor, accent, tone. Fr. revw 
 fut. of re/vco, to stretch. " Quia 
 per tenorem vox tenditur." 
 F. So Gr. t6vo§, Quintilian 
 says that tenor was anciently 
 written tonor, which would come 
 from two;, iEol. rovop. Tenor 
 is also a tenor, continuance, 
 course. Said properly of things 
 extending in a row to some 
 distance. 
 
 Tensa, Thensa, a chariot 
 used in processions. Dacier : 
 (i Quia statua? Deorum, qua? 
 tensis ferebantur, velarentur cir- 
 cumquaque linteis ad cubiculi 
 seu delubri speciem tensis." 
 Compare Tentorium, ^f Wach- 
 ter refers it to Belg. teesen, 
 Franc, thinsen, to draw, be- 
 cause in the coins of the Em- 
 perors these cars are drawn by 
 mules. If such is the drift of 
 the word, it may be referred 
 again to tendo, tensum. For 
 from Tuoo (same as tendo), ralvca, 
 is riTctiVco : and the Greeks use 
 Tiruivsiv ap^ct for drawing a 
 chariot. 
 
 Tenilgo, ubi to, alfolct ten- 
 duntur. A tendo, tentum. Sic 
 Orior, Origo. 
 
 Tento, 1 explore by touching, 
 feel, examine, prove, try ; I try 
 by bribes, bribe. Fr. tendo, 
 tenditum, tentum. I stretch out 
 my bands to grope. See Te- 
 
470 
 
 TEN' 
 
 •TER 
 
 neo. ^f Al. from teneo, tentum, 
 " Est diu et multum tenere et 
 tractare, ut solent quippiam ex- 
 ploraturi." F. ^f Al. for temto 
 from temno, temtum, to despise, 
 make light of, and so venture 
 upon, as in Tentare pericula. 
 Some write tempto from temp- 
 tum. 
 
 Tentorium, a tent, pavilion. 
 Fr. tendo, tentum. " Extensis 
 velis contra solem coelique in- 
 jurias excitatum." F. 
 
 Tenuis, thin, slender, fine. 
 Fr. rsvui fut. of Tsivcu, to extend, 
 and so make thin as metal 
 lengthened out into plates. Te- 
 nuis, something like Mutuus. 
 
 Terms, a net, snare. Fr. tsvoo 
 fut of tsIvco. As Tendicula 
 from Tendo. 
 
 Tenus, as far as, usque ad. 
 Fr. tsvw fut. of ts/voj, to stretch 
 out, stretch as far as. ^f Al. 
 from teneo. Butler: " Its sig- 
 nification is that of contiguity or 
 holding on to a certain limit, 
 and no farther." 
 
 Tepeo, I am lukewarm, tepid. 
 ff Fr. Tuitico fut. 2. of Tutpco" 
 says Haigh. Rather, from TS7reco 
 or Ts<p£oo, tgQco, whence TsQga, 
 cinders. Lennep : " Teapot, from 
 tsQco, perhaps the same as tu&co." 
 Though Tu<pto is rather to burn, 
 than to heat gently. If Al. for 
 tepreo, tephreo fr. TeQgeu That 
 is, to be lukewarm like ashes. 
 Somewhat as from o-ttAvj&os, 
 ashes, is Splendeo. If " From 
 Arabic DPY, hot." V. f 
 Wachler notices Germ, deben, 
 to burn. 
 
 Ter, thrice. Fr. rg)g, transp. 
 Tip?, rip, % Or from tres, ters. 
 
 % The Armoric tri, Suec. tree, 
 three, may be mentioned. 
 
 Terdeni, thirty. For terde- 
 ceni. 
 
 Terebinthus, the turpentine 
 tree. Tspsf}ivQo$. 
 
 Terebra, a gimlet. Fr. tero, 
 as Salio, Salebra. So Gr. repe- 
 rgov fr. Tsigca, Tepw i. e. Tspeco. 
 
 Terebro, I bore. Fr. terebra. 
 
 Teredo, a wood-worm. TeptfuiV. 
 
 Teres, long, round, and 
 smooth ; tapering. Fr. tero. 
 That is, worn away and rounded 
 by a turning-wheel. Virgil : 
 " Hinc radios trivere rods." 
 Here Forcellini explains terere 
 " tornare, torno polire, quod fit 
 abradendo." So fr. rsipco, rhoga, 
 is Topvo;, a turner's wheel, and 
 ropvevco, torno, 1 turn. 1 
 
 Tergeo, Tergo, 1 scour, wipe, 
 clean. Fr. Tsigca, I rub ; pf. 
 rsTspxot, whence a new verb rsp- 
 xco or rep^a), tergo, vspysui, or 
 Tspysco, tergeo. So from Tpoco, 
 TSTpooxoi, we have rpwrfl. 
 
 Tergum, the back,- 
 
 Tergus, Tergum, the skin or 
 hide of an animal. As Tergo 
 is from rspya), to rub, &c. ; so 
 from the same rep%co seems to 
 come tergus, a skin well rubbed 
 or bruised, " pellis confecta et 
 subacta." As paa-fays is fr. 
 p<x<T<ru), Ipua-Qyv. ^f Or the Lat. 
 tergo may have been capable of 
 the same application. ^f Or 
 tergus is fr. hepca, to strip oft* a 
 skin, whence dspag and Ugpu, a 
 skin. From pf. Uhpxct is a new 
 verb tiepxoo, Ug%w, Ugyco, whence 
 
 1 Stephens thinks teres shortened from 
 KviehoTcpqs, round. 
 
TER- 
 
 •TER 
 
 471 
 
 dergus, dergum, and tergus, ter- 
 gum, as from Aeipog is Timor, ^f 
 Al. from Tsq$o$, a skin ; changed 
 to repxo;, terchus, tergus. Ra- 
 ther, there was a word Tep%o$ 
 allied to Tsg$o$. 
 
 Termentum, the same as De- 
 trimenturn. For terimentum fr. 
 tero. 
 
 Termes, the bough or branch 
 of a tree, particularly the olive. 
 Gellius applies it to the palm, 
 whence Becman refers it to 
 Hebrew TMR, the palm ; by 
 transposition TRM. *ft But it is 
 perhaps from defappai pp. of 
 §spu), to strip off; whence 
 (through pf. mid. Islopa) is dopv, 
 timber. That is, a bough peel- 
 ed or having its bark stripped 
 off. So we have Timor for 
 Dimor, Tesqua for Desqua. 
 If It may be allied to rsp^vog, a 
 branch or bough. 1 
 
 Terminus, a boundary, end. 
 Fr. rsp^ovos gen. of rsppoov, 
 
 Tero, I bruise, rub, wear; 
 wear away; rub away, round, 
 turn. Fr. rspw fut. of rslpoo. 
 
 Terpsichore, one of the Mu* 
 
 ses. Teqfyixfy^* 
 
 Terra, the earth ; a land, ter- 
 ritory. From Celt, tir, Drum- 
 mond mentions the Sanscrit tir, 
 a land or region. If Or from 
 rsMca, to cause to exist, to pro- 
 duce. (See Tellus.) Hence 
 tellera, (like 'Eanepa, Patera, 
 Arcera,) then telra, terra. % 
 Al. from rspcrco, to dry; Mo\. 
 
 ' Al. from repfxis, a boundary, end. 
 As placed to mark the boundaries of 
 fields, or as plucked from the extremity 
 of a tree. 
 
 tI^co. Wachter explains the 
 Earth " elementum aridum;" 
 Forcellini " elementum sic- 
 cum." 1f Al. for therra from 
 X*pp*> waste, uncultivated; 
 whence %ep^oj is a continent and 
 land. X changed to TH, as 
 xuXXcx. became calTHa. So 
 K was changed toT, as in Tr\vo$ 
 for Kslvo$. If Al. from tJ epa, 
 the earth.* 
 
 Terreo, 1 frighten. Fr. rslgco, 
 iEol. ikppw, I harass, perturb. 
 So from rslpoo, fut. 2. rapoo, is 
 Tciptxoo, whence rctpao-voo, to ter- 
 rify ; whence also Tapazrui, fut. 
 2. Tctpupw, Totgfico, I fear. And 
 from reipoo, fut. rspw or rspsca, is 
 rpeoo, I fear ; whence (from pp. 
 reTpsficu) is rpepoo, tremo. Cor- 
 rect then is the observation of 
 Valckenaer : u Latinorum tre- 
 mere, et Poetarum rotp^elv, et 
 Atticorum TergsfActlveiv, Latinum 
 etiam terrere, manarunt ex eo- 
 dem fonte." 
 
 Territorium, a territory. Fr. 
 terra. Compare Meditullium.* 
 
 Tersus, clean, neat, nice. Fr. 
 tergo, tergsum, tersum, to scour, 
 clean. 
 
 Tertius, third. Fr. ter. % 
 Al. from rqWog, rlpT0$. 
 
 Teruncius, a small coin of 
 
 2 Scaliger deduces terra from Aoetpo, 
 Proserpine ; iEolic Ade/ipa, whence dcer- 
 ra, derra, terra, as Timor from Ae2)uos. 
 But Proserpine was not the Earth. In 
 Lycophron, 2k«* KaXfyei ireppav, Herman 
 proposes ripftav, terram. 
 
 3 Siculus Flaccus : " Ab his populis, 
 qui sedes in aliqua regione constituerant 
 eorumque agros occupaverant, praemen- 
 sum quod universis suffecturum videbatur 
 solum, territis fugatisque inde civibus, 
 tenitoria dixere." 
 
472 
 
 TES- 
 
 TET 
 
 three ounces. Fr. ter and un- 
 cia. 
 
 Tesca, Tesqua, explained by 
 Forcellini ft loca umbrosa, as- 
 pera, inculta, deserta, inaraoe- 
 na." Fr. $<z<rxiu, very shady ; 
 whence dasquia, dasqua, and 
 then desqua (as grEssus for 
 grAssus, dEnsus for dAnsus,) 
 whence tesqua, as Timor from 
 Asipog. Dacier : " Festus in- 
 terpretatur agrestia et deserta 
 loca, sed qua? tamen Dei alicu- 
 jus sunt. Revera erant tesca 
 ilia loca undiquaque nemorosis 
 collibus cincta ; qua? quia prae- 
 rupta et aditu difficilia, inde 
 quasvis alia loca praecipitia et 
 aspera tesqua etiam dicta." 
 
 Tessella, a square piece of 
 stone, brick, wood, &c. for 
 making checker- work. For 
 tesserula fr. tessera. 
 
 Tessera, a cube, die ; broad 
 square paving tile ; a square 
 tally, ticket, watchword, &c. 
 Fr. Ts<r<rspcc, Ionic form of rsa-- 
 vupu, four. 51 Al. from 7rs<r<ro$, 
 
 iEol. TS(7(T0p. 
 
 Testa, an earthen vessel ; a 
 brick or tile; a fragment or piece 
 of a broken pot, brick, &c. 
 For tosta, baked. As vEster 
 for vOster. Testa is also the 
 shell of a fish, being hard and 
 brittle as a tile. Also, shell- 
 fish. And the shell of the head, 
 the scull. Also, a jingling of 
 shells or earthen vessels, resem- 
 bling perhaps the castanets. 
 
 Testament urn, a testament or 
 will. ]£r. testor. As witnessed 
 by the seal of the testator. 
 
 Testiculus, a testis, unde tes- 
 tes. Nam testatur virilitatem. 
 
 Juvenalis vocat sobolem " argu- 
 menta viri." 
 
 Testimonium, a testimony. 
 Fr. testis» As Patrimonium. 
 
 Testis, a witness. For thes- 
 tis from a word Osa-njs formed 
 from TsQsvToti pp. of Ssoo or ti- 
 0rjjxj. For the Greeks said fllcr- 
 0«j [AtxgTvpa and ^otpTVpug. 1 Or 
 testis answers to our expression 
 "one who deposes" from 
 Pono. 
 
 Testor, I witness. Fr. testis* 
 
 Testu, an earthern vessel ; au 
 earthern cover for a vessel. See 
 Testa. 
 
 Testudo, a shell-crab, tor- 
 toise. As covered (testa) with a 
 shell. Also, a shell, crust, cover- 
 ing. A lyre. So we use Shell. 
 Collins : " The Passions, oft to 
 bear her shell" &c. For 
 the first lyre was said to have 
 been made by straining strings 
 over the shell of a tortoise. 
 Lucian of Mercury : Xe\w- 
 vr\v wov vexpoiv evgcov, ogyavov 
 am uvtyis <rvve7TY)%a.T0. The 
 Greeks use %sAu? in the same 
 way. Testudo is said also of 
 the shields of soldiers held so as 
 to form a shell or covering in 
 making an attack, like Gr. %e- 
 Acuvvj. Also, like ^eXwvvj, a ma- 
 chine used in sieges to cover 
 soldiers while sapping or making 
 breaches. Also, an arched or 
 vaulted roof, as resembling a 
 shell. 
 
 Tetanus, a kind of cramp. 
 
 TeTCtV0$. 
 
 Titer, tetra, hideous, ugly, 
 
 1 Hesiod : Ko( re xaffiyvfjTCj) yeXdiras 
 $tt\ /xdpTvpa 6tadai. 
 
TET- 
 
 THR 
 
 473 
 
 foul, noisome. Fr. rrjTsgex. or 
 QrjTepa. from nn t>j Irepa, on the 
 left hand : in allusion to por- 
 tents which appeared on the left 
 hand and therefore were un- 
 lucky, as Gr. sirtie%ios (from £71-4 
 t£ 8e£/a) was lucky. The word 
 Abominable is similarly taken 
 from unlucky Omens. T£ hspa. 
 will produce tMter, as it is 
 sometimes spelt, ^f Al. from 
 tcedeo, taditum, whence tadi- 
 ter s teeter. That is, wearisome, 
 offensive, &c. 
 
 Tetra — . Words beginning 
 with tetra — are from the Greek, 
 as Tetrarches. 
 
 Tetrans, antis, the fourth 
 part. Fr. Terpag. N seems to 
 be added, as in Quadrans. 
 
 Tetricus, hideous, grim, &c. 
 Fr. teter, tetra. So Unus, Unicus. 
 
 Texo, I weave. Hence, I 
 put together, generally, frame, 
 build. Forcellini ; " A tego. 
 Quia trama stamen tegi- 
 tur. if That is, from tego, 
 tegsum, texum. Scaliger: "In- 
 vicem tegimus tramam et sta- 
 men : unde et texo.' 7 Perot- 
 ti : " Quia, in opere quod 
 texitur, filum filo tegitur." *fi 
 Or for taxo fr. t«£<w fut. of 
 TciG-<rco, I arrange, dispose. We 
 have grEssus and dEnsus for 
 grAssus and dAnsus. ^[ 
 Haigh : " Fr. reuses, I make, 
 I build." That is, from fut. 
 reuf 00. Or fr. r/fto fut. of tsxcq, 
 same as rsv^oo. Texo is used 
 of building. Cicero : " Pau- 
 lus in medio foro basilicam jam 
 pa?ne texuit." But the sense 
 of weaving does not flow natu- 
 rally from these senses. 
 
 Etym. 
 
 Thalamegus, a large pleasure 
 boat. &u\af*Yiy6$. 
 
 Thalamus, a chamber, bed- 
 chamber ; room, repository. 
 
 Thdlassicas, of the color of 
 the sea. 0otka(r<nxo$. 
 
 Thalia, one of the Muses. 
 OaXsia. 
 
 Thallus, a sprout. OaWoc. 
 
 Theatrum, a theatre. 0ea- 
 
 TfOV. 
 
 Theca, a case, sheath, box, 
 
 &C. 0YjXY). 
 
 Thema, an argument. Oepct. 
 Also, the (0s//,a) position of the 
 planets at one's birth. 
 
 Themis, the Goddess. 0s[Mg. 
 
 Theogonia, Theologia, Theo- 
 ria: Greek words. 
 
 Theriaca, medecines against 
 the bites of poisonous animals. 
 
 &Y}ploiKX. 
 
 Thermte, hot-baths. 0egpal. 
 
 Thermopolium, a place where 
 hot drinks were sold, tavern. 
 Bspii.O'nuiKiOV. 
 
 Thesaurus, a treasure, trea- 
 sury. 0Y]<ravpo$. 
 
 Thesis, a topic, thesis. 0eon$. 
 
 Thesmophoria, rites of Ceres. 
 
 0S(TfJ,O<p6plU. 
 
 Theta, Greek name of TH. 
 0Y\Tot. Theta is the title of ca- 
 pital conviction, because it is 
 the initial of 0ixvuto§ } death. 
 
 Thetis, a sea nymph. Ostjj. 
 
 Theurgus, a magician. 0eovp- 
 
 Thoes, certain wolves. 0obe$. 
 
 Tholus, a cupola, dome; a 
 round building. 0o\o$. 
 
 Thorax, the breast ; a breast- 
 plate. 0obpa%. 
 
 Thrax, Thracis, a sword- 
 3 o 
 
474 
 
 THR* 
 
 TIL 
 
 fencer, gladiator. As most of 
 them were Thracians. 
 
 Threnus, a funeral song. 
 
 Threx, the same as Thrax. 
 
 Thr6nus s a throne. Ogovog. 
 Thus : See Tus. 
 Thy a, the life-tree. Ouot. 
 Thyddes, Bacchanals. ©ua- 
 
 Thydsus, a dance in honor of 
 Bacchus, Ovacros. 
 
 Thymbra, savory. Ounfipst. 
 Thymelici, stage-singers. 6u- 
 
 Thymum, the herb thyme. 
 O6f/.ov. 
 
 Thynnus, the tunny. 6uvvo$. 
 
 Thyoneus, Bacchus. 6vwvev$. 
 
 Thyrsus, a sprout, stem, stalk ; 
 a staff or spear surrounded with 
 garlands of ivy carried by the 
 Bacchanals. 0up<ro$. Also, 
 frenzy. So 0uf>a-G7rA>j£ is ex- 
 plained by Donnegan " seized 
 by a Bacchanalian frenzy." 
 
 Tiara, a turban. Tixpct. 
 
 Tibij to you. Fr. to), whence 
 Toi$i. Matthiae : "In the gen. 
 and dat. sing, and plur. the poets 
 annex the syllable <pi" ToiQi 
 seems to have been shortened to 
 tI$i, whence tibi, as up<Pcti, am- 
 Bo„ Or fr. roiipi, toibi, is tibi. 
 See Mihi. 
 
 Tibia, the shin-bone, the 
 shank. Also, a flute, pipe. 
 From flutes being made from 
 the tibia of cranes,stags, or asses. 
 Tibia is fr. <ttv$q$, hard, rough ; 
 whence stiphus, (whence Ob- 
 stipus,) stiphia, (like Gloria, 
 Persia,) then stibia, (as ap&w, 
 am Bo,) and tibia, as Torus for 
 
 S torus, Tego or Teyoo from JV& 
 yea. If Turton : " For tubia, 
 from tuba, [or tubus,] a tube." 
 From the shin-bone resembling 
 a tube in its shape. But Tu 
 in tubus and tuba is short, 
 Ti in Tibia is long. 
 
 Tibicen, a piper. For tibii- 
 cen, tibiicinis, from tibia and 
 cano. Compare Fidicen. Ti- 
 bicen was also a pillar, prop, or 
 buttress. Festus : " A simili- 
 tudine tibiis canentium, qui 
 ut canentes sustineant, ita illi 
 sedificia." Can any better reason 
 be suggested ? 
 
 Tigillum, a little rafter. For 
 tignillum from tignum, as Sig- 
 num, Sigillum. 
 
 Tignum, a rafter, beam, 
 board. Fr. U^co or hexw, (whence 
 Uxpiiui,) to receive ; whence Se- 
 Xctvbg or fexavos, y, ov, (like %zk- 
 yco, Xreyuvos,) whence Izxvov, 
 degnum, tegnum, (as Timor for 
 Dimor, Tesqua for Desqua,) 
 then tignum, somewhat as rEy- 
 yco, tlngo. So Aoxo$, a beam, 
 is derived by Lennep from 8e- 
 Zokol pf. mid. of Uxw or Uxopcu, 
 and explained, " qui excipit 
 sc. pondus aedificii, trabs, adeo- 
 que tignum" % Al. from tego, 
 whence teginum, tegnum. As 
 used in covering houses. But 
 this is not its exclusive or pre- 
 vailing meaning. 
 
 Tigris, a tiger. Tlypig. 
 
 Tilia, the lime tree. Mar- 
 tini : M Fr. ri\ov, a feather. 
 Fromits white leaves being like 
 feathers. " t 
 
 1 Fr. irreAea, (re'Aea,) an elm, says 
 Ains worth. But these trees are very dif- 
 
TIM 
 
 •TIT 
 
 475 
 
 Ttmeo, 1 fear. Fr. 8sj/a«, 
 fear. As Taeda from AoC&a.. 
 Tesqua for Desqua. ^f Al. 
 from Tljxaa), to honor. Or from 
 a verb -n^ea;. 
 
 Tinctus, for tingtus fr. tin go. 
 
 Tinea, a tape-worm, moth- 
 worm. " Fr. Totivla, Twia, a 
 tape- worm." F. Or, as Schneider 
 has Tsvlot, the same as tuiviol, 
 transposed we have tivsoi. Clau- 
 dian uses tinea for a louse. 
 Perhaps as adhering to and eat- 
 ing like the moth-worm. 
 
 Tingo, 1 wet, dye, tinge. 
 Teyyw. 
 
 Tinnio, to tinkle, tingle, clink, 
 ring ; to chirp, chatter or prate 
 in a shrill tone. u - Said pro- 
 perly of metals sounding when 
 struck, and formed from the 
 sound, tin tin." F. 
 
 Tinnunculus, a castrel, a kind 
 of hawk. "Fr. tinnio. .Named 
 from its noise." Tt. 
 
 Tintinnabulum, a bell. Fr. 
 tintinno, to ring. 
 
 Tintinnaculus, " he who makes 
 a ringing, he who beats slaves 
 till they tingle again, or from 
 the noise of the jerks; or per- 
 haps a hangman who used bells 
 when he went to do execution." 
 Ainsw. <e Quia caedendo loris 
 corpora tinnitum quendam exci- 
 tabant." F. From tintinno. 
 
 Tintinnio, Tintinno, Titin- 
 nio, Titinno, J tingle, ring. 
 Formed from the sound, like 
 Tinnio. 
 
 Tin us, 
 
 ferent. ^ Al. from ri\ia, which Hesy- 
 chius explains by cuyetpos, a poplar. 
 These trees are different also. 
 
 Tippula, Tipula, a water-spi- 
 der, water-spinner. Fr. t~i$o$, 
 a marsh. As frequenting marsh- 
 es. Varro: "Levis Tippula 
 lymphoov frigidos transit lacus." 
 ^f Quayle refers to Celt, tiopail. 
 
 Tiro, a raw recruit, a novice. 
 Fr. Tslgoov, taken in the sense of 
 training or practising. Tpl(3w, 
 which is from Tsipw, has this 
 meaning. 
 
 Tirocinium, the state of a tiro. 
 Like Leno, Lenocinium. 
 
 Tisiphone, one of the Furies. 
 
 Titdnes, the Titans. TitoLvss. 
 
 Tithymdlus, Tithymallus, 
 milk-thistle. TM\lolXq$, tM- 
 p.aKKog. 
 
 Titillo, I tickle; hence, I 
 flatter, entice. Fr. rikXca, I 
 pluck out hair. That is, I flip 
 gently. Redupl. titIMco. 
 
 Titio, a fire-brand. Fr. ts0u- 
 Tdi pp. of Qua), to smoke : whence 
 (fr. Te'0Ujtt«*) is SufxcuXco^, a fire- 
 brand. Hence a word Qvticuv, 
 thitio, titio. '% Al. from a word 
 leriwv, allied to hry and SeW, 1 a 
 torch. 
 
 Titirillitium, 
 
 Titubo, I stumble, reel; 1 
 stumble in speech, stammer'. 
 Fr. rsTvtpoo, (as cc[ji,<Poo f am Bo) a 
 verb formed from reVv^a pf. of 
 TVTtTcti, 1 strike ; considered as 
 meaning, I strike against. Or 
 fr. Tvneoo, TU7roo, tupo, redupl. 
 titupo, (as Titillo from TiXXco), 
 titubo. % " From tuttqv (docm, 
 parum eo," says Martini. Ra- 
 ther from tvtQu @w, tutto, (3oq, 
 
 Donne^an ad Aa?ny. 
 
476 
 
 TIT- 
 
 TOL 
 
 or tvQ* /3c5. TotQoL is " with diffi- 
 culty" in Od. M, 388. We 
 have crapUla from xpotiirAhct. 
 ^f Al. from TV<p6'jo f Tv$a>, I be- 
 wilder, stun, used in a passive 
 sense. Redupl. titv$co. 
 
 Titulus, an inscription, su- 
 perscription, title, properly as 
 placed on the statue or tomb of 
 a great man, and marking his 
 dignity, honor, character, &c. 
 From TBTiTui (tit«i) pp. of tic», to 
 honor. Hence any inscription, 
 label, scroll. Also, title, no- 
 bility. Also, a cause, reason, 
 pretext. Here titulus is nota, 
 index. ^f " From Hebrew 
 TLB, to hang up." Parkh. 
 
 Toculio, Tocullio, a little 
 usurer. ToxvXkiwv. 
 
 Tqfus, a sand or gravel stone, 
 a rotten stone. As xco<po$, dpw- 
 •na.%, are from xo7ttco, xsxocpa, 
 and SgsVco, hsBgoiru ; so tqfus may 
 be from a word tw^oj from rk- 
 ro<pa pf. mid. of ts^oo, (whence 
 Te$pa), to burn. '• Lapis com- 
 bust us et cinereus." Isaac 
 Voss. 1 
 
 Toga, a loose flowing robe 
 which covered the whole body. 
 Fr. Toyv), a word formed fr. 
 TSToya. pf. mid. of reyeo, to co- 
 ver. Or for stoga fr. a-royy 
 formed from cneyuo, eorayct. 
 The toga was worn in the city, 
 and opposed to the Sagum 
 
 » "From Hebr. toph." Tt. "From 
 Hebrew TPS, to seize. From its imbi- 
 bing moisture." V. % Some refer it to 
 a Greek word rocpos. But Schneider as- 
 serts that no Greek authority lias been 
 adduced for it. Donnegan says : " To- 
 <piwv, a stone quarry, is in Tabula Hera- 
 cleensis; from r6(pos." 
 
 which was worn in war. Whence 
 toga was put for peace. 
 
 Tolero, I bear, support, suf- 
 fer; I support, maintain. Fr. 
 tolo (whence tollo, tuli), inf. 
 tolere, whence tolero, as Reci- 
 pere, Recipero ; Desidere, De- 
 sidero. 
 
 Toles, a disease of the tolce, 
 which is contracted from ton- 
 si I Ice. 
 
 Tolleno, an engine to raise 
 weights or water. Fr. tollo. % 
 
 Tollo , 1 lift up, take up ; I 
 lift up and take away. For 
 tolo (whence tuli) fr. t!toX« pf. 
 mid. of tsAAco, which seems to 
 have meant the same astollo. For 
 avotreWa) is said of the sun rising 
 i. e. lifting himself up : and of 
 one holding up a torch. Or fr. 
 TSTcAa pf. mid. of TsAaco. Hesy- 
 chius explains TsXacro-ai by toA- 
 fLr\crixi. Damin says: " TsAa/AcoV, 
 fr. t«A«co, A being changed to 
 E." Scheide says better: " Fr. 
 TsAaco, same as TaAaco." I must 
 add that the verb ToApaco comes 
 from T£ToAjU.ai pp. of a verb 
 ToKco or toAAco, the same as 
 tsKocco and T«Aaco. Or tollo is at 
 once fr. T#Aaa;, TaAw, as lApcb, 
 dOmo. % Or tollo is from 
 tolero, tolro. % Tooke says : 
 " From the Anglo-Sax. tilian. 
 Tollo' being anciently written 
 with only one L." If from the 
 North, some nearer roots than 
 tilian will be found in Doleo. 
 
 Tblutim, with an ambling- 
 pace. Fr. tolo, tollo. " Pedes 
 molliter tollendo." F. 
 
 2 AI. from KT)\<ov t K-f)Awvos ) JEo\. t^Aw- 
 vos, transp. r&Ktivos. 
 
TOM 
 
 •TOP 
 
 477 
 
 Tomdculum, a sausage. Fr. 
 toju.^, a cutting. As made of 
 hog's flesh or entrails cut up 
 small. Gr. xoppot. 
 
 Tomentum, all kinds of stuff- 
 ing for cushions or beds. For 
 tondimentmn fr. tondeo, I cut. 
 Martial: " Tomentum con- 
 cisa palus Circense vocatur." * 
 1T Al. for tumentum for tumi- 
 mentum fr. tumeo. Martial : 
 H Leuconicis agedum tumeat 
 tibi culcita lanis." ^[ Al. from 
 ropy, a cutting. But O is long 
 in tomentum. 
 
 Tomix, a cord. Fr. 0«^uy£, 
 0a>fu£. 
 
 Tomus, a piece of paper; 
 portion of a book ; a book, To- 
 
 Tondeo, I clip, shear, mow, 
 lop, crop. For tomdeo (as 
 priNceps for priMceps) fr. to- 
 M^v, (to/x&jv,) fr, T0ju,eco, same 
 as renvoi), i cut. Compare Mor- 
 deo and Tendo. ^f Al. from 
 rivlc/i, I eat, gnaw, as Spondeo 
 from JgWivSco. But these senses 
 do not suit tondeo. 
 
 Tonitru, thunder. Fr. tono, 
 tonitum. 
 
 Tono, to thunder. " A tovo$, 
 sonus intentus et vehemens." F. 
 That is, from tovoqo, tovoo. ^f 
 Wachter refers Germ, ton, 
 sound, to Qslvoo, to strike. That 
 is, from pf. mid. rekvot. He 
 mentions Celt, ton, sound ; An- 
 glo-Sax. dynan, Scand. dona, to 
 utter a sound. 2 
 
 1 Explained by the Delphin : <l To- 
 mentum Circense appellator ex concisis 
 arundinibus paludis." 
 
 2 Al. from rovdptfa or rovdpiiu. 
 
 Tonsa, the blade of an oar ; an 
 oar. For tunsa, (somewhat as 
 So boles for Suboles,) fr. tundo. 
 Qua aqua tunsa est. As xw7r/j 
 from xotttixi; xo7rw. *[ Or tonsa 
 is a branch of oak, &c. lopped 
 off and made into an oar. 
 Horace : " Duris ilex tonsa 
 bipennibus." ^f Or some un- 
 derstand tondeo here to cut, and 
 tonsa " qua aqua tonsa est" i. e. 
 secta. 
 
 Tonsillce, 
 
 Tonsor, a barber. Fr. ton- 
 deo, tondsum, tonsum. 
 
 Tonstrina, a barber's shop. 
 Fr. tonstrum, and this from 
 tondeo, tonsum, as Claudo, 
 Clausum, Claustrum. 
 
 Tonus, 2l tone, accent. .Tovo$. 
 
 Toparcha, the governor of a 
 district. Tovotpxris. 
 
 Topazon, a topaz. Tonu'Oov. 
 Arab, topaz. 
 
 Toper, Topper, immediately. 
 And, like rap^a, perhaps. Toper 
 i. e. toper 7 , from toto opere : as 
 Magnopere is Magno-opere. 
 Hence also we have totper', 
 topper\ 
 
 Topia, figures cut in trees. 
 Whence topiarius, one who 
 makes such figures and devices, 
 one who makes pictures with 
 trees. Vossius : "Some derive 
 topia fr. tovo$, a place : as re- 
 presenting certain places or 
 spots. But others refer it better 
 to toVj«, cords ; for shrubs, after 
 being plaited or braided to re- 
 present figures, they bound to- 
 gether with cords. Some think 
 that the figures represented 
 cords." ^f Perhaps in this word 
 there is an JEolic change of K 
 
478 
 
 TOP- 
 
 TOR 
 
 to T, as Trjvoj was the same as 
 Kfivo$. Then topia was from a 
 word xottux or xojreiu fr. xotttw, 
 fut. 2. xo7tu>, to cut. ^f Or K is 
 changed to P, as in luPus from 
 KuKoc. Then topia is from a 
 word Toma. or roxsia, fr. rexca, 
 rsToxci ; whence Teup^a>, to create, 
 frame, invent. 
 
 Topica, topics. Tonixa,. 
 
 Topice, the art of finding ar- 
 guments on any question. To- 
 
 7TIXY). 
 
 Toral, the furniture (tori) of 
 a bed, a blanket, &c. 
 
 Torculum, Torcular, a wine 
 or oil-press. A large vat in 
 which the grapes or olives to be 
 pressed were laid. For tor- 
 quulum fr. torqueo. As Quum, 
 Cum. 
 
 Toreuma, a vase chased or 
 embossed. Topevpa. 
 
 Tormentum, a machine for 
 hurling stones, darts, &c. For 
 torquimentum or torsimentum 
 fr. torqueo, torsi, I hurl. Also, 
 the dart thrown. Also a twisted 
 rope or cord, fr. torqueo, J 
 twist. Also, the punishment of 
 the rack, torture ; and the 
 machine of torture. Fr. torqueo, 
 I put on the rack. Hence any 
 torture, torment, or violent pain. 
 
 Tormina, a painful wringing 
 or griping of the bowels. Fr. 
 tormen, for torquimen or torsi- 
 men, (like IVJomen, Nomen,) fr. 
 torqueo, torsi. 
 
 Torno, I turn round with a 
 lathe, turn, polish. Togvooo, rop- 
 
 VU). 
 
 Tornus, a lathe or turner's 
 wheel. Togvoc. 
 
 Tbiosus, muscular, sinewy, 
 
 strong. Having strong (toros) 
 sinews. 
 
 Torpedo, the cramp-fish, 
 which benumbs those who touch 
 it. Fr. torpeo. 
 
 Torpeo, 1 am torpid, motion- 
 less. Torpeo is to have the 
 blood curdled and stiff, and is 
 fr. rpoqico (transp. rop^soo) fr. 
 TSTgotpct pf. mid. of TpeQoo, to 
 coagulate, whence rgo(paX)g, 
 curd, cheese. *J Al. from rap- 
 fiea), I am dismayed. Properly, 
 I am stupefied with fear. Hence 
 tarpeo, then torpeo, as pOrrus 
 fr. nAppov, and perhaps cOrdis 
 from xAg^U. If Some consider 
 torpeo to mean properly to be 
 motionless through extacy of 
 pleasure, and to come fr. reTop- 
 nct pf. mid. ofTsgnco, to delight; 
 whence Top7rea), 1 am delighted. 
 Horace : " Vel cum Pausiaca 
 torpes, insane, tabella." 
 
 Torqueo, I turn, bend, twist, 
 wind ; turn round, whirl round, 
 whirl. I twist the limbs of ano- 
 ther on a rack, rack, torture, 
 afflict, torment. I throw, hurl, 
 properly said of whirling round 
 a sling and then throwing from 
 it. Fr. rgoitsao, I turn ; iEol. 
 rpoxsco, transp. ropxsca. As from 
 \slnw, KsiKco, is liQUi. *ft Or 
 fr. rpo^og, a wheel ; whence rgo- 
 yioi, I whirl as a wheel ; trans>p. 
 rop^scji). 
 
 Torquis, a chain for the neck, 
 a collar ; a collar to yoke oxen 
 with ; a wreath. Fr. torqueo, 
 to twist, twine. So Gr. <rrps7r- 
 
 Torrens fluvius, unda, and 
 torrens simply, a torrent. Fr. 
 torreo. Dacier : "Qu6dprop- 
 
TOR- 
 
 TRA 
 
 479 
 
 (er rapiditatem exaestuat." As 
 Fretum is from Ferveo. 1 
 
 Torreo, I dry up, parch. As 
 Qotppsco is for Qag<recD from Qipoo, 
 TeQotp<rcti ; so torreo is for torseo 
 fr. rspa-oo, TeTop<rou, to parch. 
 If Al. from Qsgoo, TsQogrxi, to 
 make hot. ^[ Al. from rega-ca, 
 TBppaj, as pOndus from pEndo, 
 extOrris from tErra. ^f Wach- 
 ter mentions Belg. dor, dorre, 
 Suec. torr, Germ, durr, dry. 
 
 Torris, a firebrand. Fr. tor- 
 reo. As scorched or dried up. 
 
 Tortuosus, intricate, per- 
 plexed. Fr. tortus. As having 
 many windings. Or as having 
 many folds, as Complicated 
 from Plico. 
 
 Tortus, twisted. Fr. torqueo, 
 whence torqsi, torsi, tortum. 
 
 Torus, a rope or cord. A 
 small cylindrical ornament about 
 the base of a column, round and 
 oblong like a rope. A fibre, 
 sinew, muscle which is a small 
 thread or string. So Gr. rovo$ 
 is a rope, and a sinew or muscle. 
 Hence, like Nervus, torus is put 
 for strength. Torus is fr. re- 
 rope* pf. mid. of rslpco, whence 
 ropog, which might mean any- 
 thing round. See Teres. ^[ Or 
 for tonus, (as poNoi, moRa ; fai- 
 No$, diRus) fr. to'voj, a rope. 
 
 Torus, a couch, mattress, 
 bed; the marriage bed, marriage. 
 * ( Fr. torus, signifying anything 
 round, and specially grass or 
 
 1 Torrentis has been deduced fr. rpo- 
 X(Jets, whirling as a wheel ; gen. rpox^v- 
 ros, rpoxovPTos, transp. ropxovvros, rop- 
 povvros, whence torrentis, as Placenta 
 from UAaKovvros. 
 
 reed twisted into rope on which 
 the ancients strewed skins or 
 coverlets." Aiusw. See Torus 
 above. " Quia lecti tenderen- 
 tur toris i. e. funibus." V. ^f 
 Or for storus, (as SfyaWw, Fal- 
 lo,) fr. <7Topew, (TTOpoo, to strew. 
 Juvenal: " Sylvestrem montana 
 torum cum sterneret uxor 
 Frondibus et culmis vicinarum- 
 que ferarum Pellibus. ,, 
 
 Torvus, grim, stern. Fr. tau- 
 nts, whence taurivus, (as Cadi- 
 vus,) taurvus, torvus, as Caudex, 
 Codex. Having the counte- 
 nance of a bull. The Greeks say 
 TavgYjtibv e7riP\s7reiv. ^J Al. from 
 torsum, whence torsivus, torvus. 
 Having the countenance dis- 
 torted and unnatural, ^f Al. 
 for tervus for terrivus fr. terreo. 
 As pOndus from pEndo. 
 
 Tot, so many. Fr. To'crcra, 
 tqttcl, tott. See Quot. 
 
 Toties, so often. Fr. tot. So 
 Quo ties. 
 
 Totus, as many, as great. Fr. 
 tot. Or contr. from Too-ovrog. 
 
 Totus, whole, entire. Fr. tot. 
 That is, so much as there is of 
 anything. Caesar : " Naves to- 
 tm factae ex arbore." That is, 
 quantum fuit navium, tantum 
 factum est ex arbore. ^f Or 
 from toctoOtos, contr. to tovto$. 
 ^f Al. from to auro, tcluto, the 
 thing itself, the very thing, undi- 
 minished, unmutilated. AT into 
 O, as in Caudex, Codex. 
 
 Toxicum, poison. Togtxov. 
 
 Trdbdlis, as large as a beam. 
 Fr. trabs, trabis. 
 
 Trdbea, a kind of toga, adorn- 
 ed with stripes of purple which 
 ran across it like (trabes) beams. 
 
480 
 
 TRA 
 
 TRA 
 
 Trabs, trdbis, a beam, rafter. 
 A meteor in shape like a beam, 
 like Gr. doxog. Trabs for tra- 
 bes, which Ennius has. Trabes 
 fr. T£«<p>j£, traphes, (as aAw7njH, 
 vulpeS,) trabes ,as olp&w, am Bo. 
 
 Trachia, the windpipe. Tpu- 
 
 Tracta, a handful of spun 
 wool. Fr. traho (tractum) la- 
 nam, to spin. 1 
 
 Tractabilis, which may be 
 handled, managed ; manageable, 
 tractable. Fr. tracto, 
 
 Tractatus, a tract. Fr. trac- 
 to, to discourse of. 
 
 Tractim, without intermis- 
 sion. Fr. traho , tractum. By 
 perpetually drawing on. 
 
 Tracto , I drag. Fr. traho, 
 tractum. See Traho. 
 
 Tracto, I touch, feel, handle ; 
 I take in hand, undertake, ma- 
 nage, have the management of, 
 busy myself about. I practice, 
 exercise a profession. I dis- 
 course of, speak or write con- 
 cerning a topic, as we say To 
 handle asubject. I cultivate 
 the soil, i. e. manage it. 1 tease 
 or dress wool, i. e. manage it. 
 Also, I treat, behave to. Ci- 
 cero: " Me summa simulatione 
 amoris insidiosissime tractavit" 
 So we say To handle. Shak- 
 speare : " Talbot, my life, my 
 
 1 " In panificio tracta sunt partes fa- 
 rinae manibus bene agitata? et subactae et 
 in Jongum tracts in modum membrana- 
 ram, ut ea agitatione melius ferraententur. 
 Nam trahere panem apud Plinium est 
 subigere. Apud Apicium tracta est ge- 
 nus quoddam placenta? in modum mem- 
 branae facta?, deinde concisae." F. Traho 
 here is to draw out. 
 
 joy, again returned I How wert 
 thou handled, being prison- 
 er V Tracto is referred to traho, 
 tractum. That is, traho ad me, 
 tango. Or traho is here to draw 
 the hand backwards and for- 
 wards on a surface. Or is tracto 
 for dracto fr. Ipuvo-ui, Udpuxrou, 
 I take hold of? Tracto is also 
 to move or affect. Cicero : 
 " Hujus eloquentise est tractare 
 animos." That is, to manage 
 them, direct them, tractabiles 
 facere. Or tracto is traho ad 
 me et allicio. 
 
 Tractus, a serpent's drawing 
 on of its length of body. Also, 
 any thing drawn out long or fine. 
 A protraction. Any spot of 
 ground of long or wide extent, a 
 spot, place, tract, region. The 
 extent or space occupied by any- 
 thing. Claudian: ll Ccelilibus 
 ordine sedes Prima datur : trac- 
 tum proceres tenuere secundum 
 iEquorei." See Traho. 
 
 Tractus. Tracta oratio, a 
 smooth fluent style. il Conti- 
 nuataetextensa asquabili cursu." 
 F. 
 
 Trado, I give over, consign, 
 deliver. For transdo. Caesar : 
 'f Parte jam ohs'idum transdita." 
 So Traduco. 
 
 Traduco, 1 expose to ridicule 
 or contempt, traduce. For 
 transduco. Criminals were led 
 through the Forum, bearing the 
 causes of their condemnation 
 written on their necks. 
 
 Trdgdnus, a pig resembling 
 (rpuyov) a goat. 
 
 Trdgemdta, sweetmeats. T§a- 
 yYipcLTct. 
 
 Trdgicus, pertaining to trage- 
 
TRA- 
 
 TRA 
 
 481 
 
 dy; sublime, lofty ; cruel, atro- 
 cious, as forming a good subject 
 of tragedy. Tgoiyixog. 
 
 Trdgozdia, a tragedy. Tpu- 
 
 Trdgozdus, a tragic actor. 
 Tgctywtios. 
 
 Tragopan: See Appendix. 
 
 Tragula, a kind of javelin. 
 Fr. trajicio, traicio, whence 
 traicula, tracula, tragula. Cae- 
 sar : " Neque ullum telum 
 per pactiones colloquentium 
 transjiciebatur." Or trajicio 
 is to transfix. 
 
 Tragula, a dragnet. Fr. tra- 
 ho, whence trahicula, tracula, 
 tragula. See above. 
 
 Tragus, the smell of the arm- 
 pits. Fr. rpayog, a goat. 
 
 Traha, Trdhea, a sledge. Fr. 
 traho. 
 
 Traho, I draw, drag. For 
 traveho for transveho. Traxi 
 for travexi; Tr actum for tra- 
 vectum. ^[ Or from dpctyw fut. 
 2. of dpour<roo, I seize. Or from 
 a verb dpa^sco, Spu^co, formed 
 from hsdgu^oi pf. of dpucrvco. 1 
 
 Trajicio, 1 cast or throw 
 over. For transjicio. Also, I 
 ferry over, make to pass over. 
 Here jacio has the sense of 
 Mitto. 
 
 Trama, a web. " Qudd inter 
 stamen et subtemen trameat" 
 F. " Qudd trameat inter filum 
 et filum mutua superequitatio- 
 ne." Scaliger. ^ Or for tra- 
 hima, fr. traho, as Glubo, Glu- 
 bima, Gluma. The Latins say 
 trahere lanam. 
 
 Trdmes, itis, a cross-way, by- 
 path ; any path. Fr. trameo. 
 Qui trameat, i. e. transmeat. 
 Trans is over, across, then cross- 
 wise, as in Transversus. % A\. 
 for trahimes fr. traho. As 
 'AymoL from "Ayoo, and some- 
 what as OlpYj from O'loo, Oluca, 
 Olfiou. Virgil : " Qua te ducit 
 via." Compare mes in Fomes. 
 
 Tranoy 1 swim over. For 
 transno. 
 
 Tranquillus: See Appendix. 
 
 Trans, over, across. Fr. itk- 
 pav, says Haigh. As Obs for Ob. 
 Rather, from negav e$, whence 
 npolvs, then rpoiv$, as vice versa 
 XiTPu became xlllPct, whence 
 liBRa. From <rZ7u&£co was 
 sTudeo. ^f Al. from Tgoiv, to 
 perforate. 
 
 Transcnbo, I copy. That 
 is, I write so as to bring over 
 from one surface to another. 
 
 Transenna, lattice-work, trel- 
 lis. Vossius : " Fr. transeo. 2. 
 Because the woodwork crosses 
 itself. Trans, as in Transver- 
 sus. Or because we see through 
 it, contrarily to what we do in a 
 solid surface.'' Nonius takes 
 transenna to be a window. He 
 means, says Vossius, not any 
 window, but a trellised one. 
 " Transenna is also a net, 
 snare. As made of cross string 
 or rope. Hence deceit, treach- 
 ery. Per transennam aspicere, 
 is to look at in a cursory man- 
 ner, and seems taken from ven- 
 ders who expose their goods 
 
 2 " From rpdw, I perforate ; rpaivco, 
 ' The Anglo-Sax. dragan, Suec. draga, rpavw, rpdvaw, (as'Opw, "Op<ru>) whence 
 to drag, draw, Wachter refers to traho. rpav(Tiv6s. ,> Scheide. 
 
 Etym. 3 p 
 
482 
 
 TRA 
 
 TRE 
 
 through a lattice-work, to avoid 
 their being handled by every one 
 who passes by." F. 1 
 
 Transgressor, one who (trans- 
 greditur} goes beyond the limits 
 of the law, a transgressor. 
 
 TransigOyl complete. That 
 is, 1 drive right through. Or 
 ago is here to perform, and 
 trans is used metaphorically. 
 
 Translative, negligently. 
 " Quasi ut vulgo et passim so- 
 let." F. See Translatitius. 
 
 Translatitius, copied out and 
 brought over from one surface 
 to another ; borrowed, not new. 
 Hence, common, ordinary. Fr. 
 transldtum. 
 
 Transtrum, a cross-beam ex- 
 tending from wall to wall, joist. 
 Fr. transeo, transitum, whence 
 transitrum, transtrum. Also, 
 a bench in a ship for rowers, 
 which extends from side to side. 
 Some derive transtrum in this 
 sense from dpuvog, a bench ; 
 whence Qpuvl^oo, reOpuvio-Tcti, Qpu- 
 vivtqov, QpawTgov, 
 
 1 In a fragment of Sallust quoted by 
 Macrobius, transenna is of dubious mean- 
 ing: '« Praeterea cum sedenti in transen- 
 na* deraissum victoriae simulacrum cura 
 machinato strepitu tonitruum coronam 
 capiti imponebat," &c. Nonius supports 
 his interpretation of window by this pas- 
 sage. He omits " in ■.;" and so does Ser- 
 vius, who understands transenna to mean 
 here " extenso fune." Forcellini thus 
 accounts for this meaning : " Ducta for- 
 tasse similitudine a transenna, qua rete 
 signi6cat, quae funibus extensis tendeba- 
 tur." But Vossius thus : " Fateor trans- 
 ennam esse ostium circi unde quadriga? 
 emitterentur. Sed hoc eo factum quod 
 esset cancellatum. Haec circi transenna 
 dimittebatur fune. Transenna est Kara- 
 XPnvriKws funis ille quo demisso trans- 
 enna aperiebatur." 
 
 Transversus, athwart. Trans, 
 over, across, whence cross-wise. 
 
 Trdpttum, an oil-press. Tpct- 
 snjrov. 
 
 Trapezita, a banker. Tpa- 
 
 Trapezophorum, a statue 
 supporting a table. TpxmtyQo- 
 pov. 
 
 Traulizi, she lisps. Tgav- 
 
 Trebax, skilled in the ways 
 of the world, cunning. Tglfiug. 
 
 Trechedipna, a word of va- 
 rious interpretation occurring in 
 Juvenal 3, 6?. See Ruperti 
 and Gifford. It is the Greek 
 Tgep£e8ej7rva. 
 
 Tredecim, thirteen. Tres de- 
 cern. 
 
 Treis, Tres, Tris, three. 
 Tpslg. 
 
 Tremissis, a coin worth a 
 third part of a golden solidus. 
 " Casaubon rightly observes 
 that the word is formed without 
 analogy from tres and assis : 
 while semissis preserves its ana- 
 logy, formed from semi and 
 assis." F. 
 
 Tremo, I tremble, fear. Tpi- 
 
 [ACD. 
 
 Trepido r I hurry through 
 fear. Fr. trepidus. 
 
 Trepidus, hastening with fear 
 and alarm, alarmed. Trepidm 
 res, things full of fear and 
 alarm. Fr. trepo, as Frigidus, 
 Gelidus. Festus : " Trepit, 
 vertit. Unde trepido, trepida- 
 tio, quia turbatione mens ver- 
 tfiTUR." Or fr. TgiiFU), to 
 turn ; whence Tpeiroftoii, to flee 
 in battle ; then to flee, hurry 
 away in confusion. 
 
TRE 
 
 TRI 
 
 483 
 
 Ties, three. Tpsi;. 1 
 Tressis, the weight or value 
 of three asses. From tres as- 
 ses. 
 
 Triarii, old soldiers of ap- 
 proved valor who formed the 
 third line in battle. Fr. tres, 
 tria. 
 
 Tribas, fricans fcemina. Tpi- 
 P&s. ■ 
 
 Tribon, a thread-bare cloak. 
 Wgtfim. 
 
 Tribrdchys, a foot like tribu- 
 liis. Tgif}gcixv$. 
 
 Tribulatio, anguish. Pun- 
 gent as a (tribulus) ihorn. 
 
 Tributum, a threshing-ma- 
 chine. Fr. tero, to bruise ; 
 whence teribulum, treibulum, 
 trlbulum. % TglfioXog also is a 
 kind of threshing-machine. 
 
 Tribulus, a kind of thorn. 
 An instrument with spikes used 
 in war to impede the progress 
 of cavalry. TpifioKo$. 
 
 Tribunal, the seat (tribuni) 
 of the tribune where he gives 
 sentence. Any seat where sen- 
 tence is given. Any high place. 
 Tribunus, a tribune, a magis- 
 trate who first was set over 
 each (tribus) tribe. But Pom- 
 ponius gives as a reason that the 
 tribunes were created by the 
 vote (tribuum) of the tribes. 
 The term was afterwards widely 
 extended to any president or 
 officer, as in Tribuni aerarii, 
 Tribuni militares, Tribuni ple- 
 bis, &c. 
 
 Tribuo, [ assign, bestow. 
 
 W. 
 
 Armor- tri, Anglo-Sax. thry, &c." 
 
 Forcellkvi : u Fr. tribus. For 
 it was formerly said of those 
 things which were given to the 
 people (a tribubus) by the 
 tribes." But Forcellini thus 
 derives Tribus : " Either be- 
 cause Romulus divided the peo- 
 ple into three parts, or because 
 the Tribes paid tribute." So 
 here is the circular argument. 
 If Tribus is from tribuo, tribuo 
 is probably from Tglfioo, fut. 2. 
 rpiftw or T£t/3eco, 1 triturate, and 
 so split and divide. Cicero has 
 " rem universam tribuere in 
 partes." 
 
 Tribus, a tribe. Fr. tribuo, 
 whence dat. tribui. From pay- 
 ing tribute. % Or fr. rpiTTv$, 
 the third part of an Athenian 
 tribe : iEol. Tgwxvs, rpncvg, 
 whence tribus. As xiTpct 
 through \in§cc became liBra. 
 Or fr. Tplros, third ; whence 
 rgkos, tribus. ^f Al. from rgt- 
 <pvrjc, divided into three parts ; 
 whence rpifyvs, tribus, as up<Pa), 
 am Bo. 
 
 Tributum, money levied on 
 the people. Fr. tribuo. That 
 is, a levy of money divided 
 among the people, tributum in 
 capita. Cicero: " Omnis vis 
 loquendi in duas tributa est 
 partes." The Greeks say Qopos 
 fr. <pepoo, netpopu. ^f Some de- 
 rive it from tributim. Quod 
 datum est per tribus. 
 
 Tric^, trifles, fooleries, toys. 
 Martial joins trica with Apinae : 
 " Sunt APiNffi tricaque et si 
 quid villus istis." Pliny thus 
 derives both : " Diomedes ibi 
 delevit gentes Monadorum Dar- 
 dorumque, et urbes duas quae 
 
484 
 
 TRI- 
 
 ■TRl 
 
 IN PROVERBII LUDICRUM 
 VERTERE, AP1NAM et Tv'l- 
 
 cam." Trices are also hin- 
 drances, embarassments. " Be- 
 cause trifles impede one who is 
 seriously engaged." F. But 
 Nonius says that trices, are hairs 
 or threads which entangle the 
 feet of cocks. And thus trices, 
 is referred to Tp'^c, hairs, % 
 Or from a word Tp^yolX same as 
 rpv^su, rags, shreds. Or from 
 rpv^oo, to annoy. % Wachter 
 refers trices to the Northern 
 trega, to delay. ^[ What, if 
 trices is for tericcs, i. e. res fe- 
 nces? Tericcs being formed 
 from tero, as Arnicas from Amo. 
 And tero being taken for tero 
 tempus, to wear away the time, 
 delay. As hctrqlfiui is to loiter, 
 to put off, to retard. 
 
 Triceni, thirty. Fr. triginta, 
 whence triginteni, trigeni, tri- 
 ceni. So Viceni. 
 
 Tricesimus, thirtieth. For 
 triciesimus fr. tricies. Or for 
 trigesimus for trigintesimus fr. 
 triginta. We have Vicesimus 
 and Vigesimus. 
 
 Trichila : See Appendix. 
 
 Trichilum, 2l vessel with three 
 spouts. Fr. rp\yj-i\w, the £ of 
 the second syllable being neg- 
 lected. 
 
 Trichorum, a house divided 
 into three apartments. Tgl^cu- 
 pov. 
 
 Tricies, Trigies, thirty times. 
 Fr. triginta, whence triginties, 
 contracted trigies } soft tricies. 
 Or from triginties is trities, tri- 
 cies. 
 
 Triclinium, a couch which 
 held three persons, for reclining 
 
 on at supper. A room for sup- 
 ping in. TqmKlvM. 
 
 Trico, a shuffler, rogue. 
 " One who invents (tricas) hin- 
 drances to pacing his debts." 
 F. But trico seems to mean 
 rather a contentious person, one 
 who quarrels (de tricis) about 
 trifles. 
 
 Tricolum, a period consisting 
 of three members. TpUca\ov. 
 
 Tricor, I make use of (trices) 
 hindrances, evasions, subter- 
 fuges. Or tricor is tricas 
 loquor, I speak silly things, 
 make silly and trifling excuses 
 and evasions, ^f Wachter re- 
 fers to Germ, triegen, to de- 
 ceive. 
 
 Tridens, a three pronged 
 fork or spear, a trident. Fr. 
 tres, tria, and dens. 
 
 Triduum, for the space of 
 three days. Fr. tres, tria, and 
 dies. See Biduum. 
 
 Triens, the third part of any- 
 thing. The third part of an 
 As, four ounces. Fr. tres, tria. 
 
 Trieris, a trireme. Tpir)gri$. 
 
 Triettris, the space of three 
 years. A triennial festival. 
 Tgisrriplg. 
 
 Trifur, a great thief. Fr. 
 tres, tria. So the Greeks said 
 TplkhKTTOg, Tpixvplot, TpuraQXiog, 
 Tptpxxotipu.- So the French 
 Tres is very. 
 
 Trlga, a chariot drawn by 
 three horses. So Biga. 
 
 Trigesies, thirty times. Ap- 
 parently for trigintesies fr. tri- 
 ginta. 
 
 Trigesimus, same as tricesi- 
 mus, and put for it, or for tri- 
 gentesimus. 
 
TR 
 
 •TRI 
 
 485 
 
 Trtgies: SeeTricies. 
 
 Trlginta, thirty. Fr. tres, 
 4 ria, and gint a. See Viginti. 
 
 Trigon, orris, a ball tossed by 
 three persons forming a triangle. 
 From a Greek word rptywv, or 
 from trigonus, 
 
 Trigonus, triangular. Tpiycovog. 
 
 Trigonus, Trigon, onis, a 
 fish called otherwise pastinaca 
 marina. *' Fr, rpiycav, 6vo$. 
 From its noise : fr. rplKoo, (fut. 
 2. Tpiyvo), strido." F. " For tri- 
 gonus fr. rgvyoov, ovos" V. 
 
 Trlmus, of three years. See 
 Bimus. 
 
 Trims, three. Like Binus. 
 
 Triones, ploughing oxen. For 
 teriones fr. tero. Or fr. rpicav 
 participle of rplui, whence rp//3w. 
 Also, the greater and the lesser 
 Bears. For each Bear repre- 
 sents a waggon and oxen. 
 
 Triplex, ids, three-fold. Fr. 
 tres, tria, andplico. 
 
 Trlpudio, 1 leap, dance. For 
 terripudio, terripedio. Terrain 
 pede percutio. % Al. from tres, 
 tria, and pedis. Horace : " Gau- 
 det invisam pepulisse fossor Ter 
 pede terrain." ^f Al. for tripuvio 
 for terripuvio, terram pavio. 
 
 Tripudium, a dancing, leap- 
 ing. See Tripudio. Also, a 
 rebounding of the food dropt by 
 birds in taking the omens. Some 
 understand it merely of the food 
 dropping to the ground, for ter* 
 ripuvium, fr. terram pavio. to 
 strike the ground. 
 
 Tripus, odis, a three-legged 
 stool. Tgkovs, odo$. 
 
 Triquetrus, triangular. Ains- 
 worth: " For triquadrus, [fr. 
 quadrus, square], i. e. quadratus 
 
 in tres angulos." Rather, from 
 T £'X a > m three parts ; and eSpa, 
 a base. As being as it were 
 divided into three parts which 
 are bases. 
 
 Triscurria, great buffoone- 
 ries. Fr. tri, as in Trifur ; and 
 scurra. 
 
 Tristis, sad. Fr. TguoToj, 
 (as (ppTyco, frlgo,) afflict- 
 ed ; formed from TerpWToii pp. 
 of Tpvco, to vex, afflict. Donne- 
 gan explains Tgv<ri$ by affliction. 
 So tristis is also vexed, angry. 
 In an active sense rpv<TTo$ might 
 mean one who distresses or af- 
 flicts, and tristis is noxious, 
 baneful ; cruel, hard, severe. 
 Hence grave, serious. Applied 
 to the taste, tristis is painful, 
 disagreeable, harsh, bitter, &c. 
 As Lupines are derived from 
 Avttsoo fro n their bitter taste. 
 Applied to the touch, tristis is 
 rough, shaggy. 
 
 Tritdvus, a great-grandfa- 
 ther's great-grandfather. Fr. 
 Tplroc;, third. As Gr. Tp'iTra.inrQ$. 
 
 Triticum, wheat. Varro : 
 '.' Quod tritnm est ex spicis." 
 But, as the termination is Greek, 
 perhaps it is from a word rpv- 
 tixov formed fr. rpuco, TzrpvTui, 
 in the same sense. 
 
 Triton, a sea god. Tglrcov. 
 
 Trltonis, Pallas. Tpncovlg. 
 
 Trltura, threshing. Fr. tero, 
 tritum. So Natura. 
 
 Tritus, bruised. Fr. trio, 
 whence trivi. Trio fr. rploo, 
 whence Tplfiai. Tsgw, Tspico, 
 rglco, rplfito. 
 
 Trivia, Diana. As presiding 
 over (trivia) the high ways. So 
 in Greek TgioSnrij. 
 
486 
 
 TR] 
 
 TRO 
 
 Trivialis, common. As ap- 
 pertaining to (trivium) a k place 
 where three ways met, and so 
 common. 
 
 Triumphus, a triumph. Fr. 
 Qpiupfios, 1 whence thriamphus, 
 (as Fascino from Ba.<rxotvco) ; tri- 
 umphus, triumphus. Or fy/aju,- 
 /3o£ was first changed to $pio(jt,(3o$, 
 as Qpourvs, iEol. Qpoo-u$. Then 
 we have thr iambus, triombus, 
 triumbus, triumphus. 
 
 Trixago, Trissago, 
 
 Trochceus, a trochee, a foot 
 like Tpcoys. Tgoyalog. 
 
 Trochilus, a wren. Tgo%i- 
 Xog. Also, a round ring in the 
 juttings of pillars. Doubtless 
 from TpoxtXos, fr. rps^oo, rergo- 
 yu.> to run, ro run round. 
 
 Trochlea, a pulley, windlass. 
 Fr. Tgop^Xsa or rgo^Xaiot. 
 
 Trochus, a hoop. Tpo%oc. 
 
 Troja, a kind of exercise 
 supposed to have resembled our 
 tilts and tournaments. Virgil : 
 " Hunc morem, hos cursus, at- 
 que haec certamina primus As- 
 canius, longam muris cum cin- 
 geret Albam, Retulit et priscos 
 docuit celebrare Latinos, Quo 
 puer ipse modo, secum quo 
 Troia pubes, Albani dbcuere 
 suos : hinc maxima porro Acce- 
 pit Roma, et patrium servavit 
 
 Plutarch has rovs irpoaayopzvoixivovs 
 Trap' avroTs (the Romans) 6pid/x$ovs. 
 Paxkhurst hence concludes that Opiafifios 
 was formed from triumphus. The Reader 
 will determine this. In the mean time 
 epia/Apos may, I conceive, be derived 
 from rpidiTTw, (taken in the sense of rpt- 
 dfy,) fut. 2. rpiafiw, whence rplaftos, 
 -rpiafipos, epiafxfius. Compare "lajxfios 
 from 'Idirrw, 'lafiw. 
 
 honorem. Trojaque nunc, pueri 
 Trojanum dicitur agmen." 
 
 Tropcci, winds blowing from 
 the sea. Tpoiruloi. " Tropaus is 
 one who does a shrewd turn, and 
 runs away when he has done." 
 Ainsw. From Tg07rcuo$. 
 
 Trop&um, Troph&um, a tro- 
 phy. Tp07TOClOV. 
 
 Tropicus, tropical. Meta- 
 phorical. TgOTTixo;. Tropica, 
 changes. Tpowixu. 
 
 Trbpis. " Gr. rgomg is the 
 sink of a ship. Hence tropis 
 is taken for the bottom of a 
 flagon, and hence for vapid 
 wine at the bottom of a flagon." 
 F. 
 
 Tropus, a rhetorical figure. 
 Tpdnos. 
 
 Trossulus. Dacier : " The 
 old Glosses on Persius say: 
 ' Trossulum was a town of 
 Etruria, which was taken by the 
 Roman Equites or Knights with- 
 out the aid of the infantry. 
 Hence the Equites were called 
 Trossuli.' Pliny says the same, 
 and adds that the Trossuli, as a 
 name for the Equites, did not 
 remain in use much after the 
 time of Gracchus. For the am- 
 biguity of the word, which sig- 
 nified also delicate and soft, be- 
 came felt as a term of disgrace. 
 From the Greek Tgucrcroj, deli- 
 cate, soft, as Salmasius well 
 observes. Seneca : ' Idem quod 
 faciam quod t r os suli isti et ju- 
 venes.' Here trossuli are not 
 the knights, but delicate and 
 luxurious men. Nonius says they 
 were named from torosuli. The 
 Glossographer explains trusulus 
 6 h fMxgtj» iruyyc." Forcellini un- 
 
TRU 
 
 TRU 
 
 487 
 
 derstands the passage in Seneca 
 "de jactantibus nobilitatem et 
 divitias, Trojugenis, Troiadibus, 
 delicatam et mollein vitam a- 
 gentibus." The words " Tro- 
 jugenis, Troiadibus " may lead 
 us to think that Trossuli is a 
 diminutive of Tros, Trojan : i. e. 
 paltry fellows who aped nobility, 
 and wished to trace their genea- 
 logy to the Trojans. And in truth 
 many of these stories about 
 towns and battles, with which 
 the old etymologists abound, 
 are greatly to be suspected. 
 
 Trua, a ladle. Fr. rgvco, 1 to 
 rub or wear. So from ropuoo 
 (allied to rpvoo) is rogvvY}, a ladle. 
 
 Trucido, I massacre. Fr. 
 truciter ccedo, whence trucado, 
 trucido like Occido. ^f Al. 
 from trucis simply. 
 
 Tructa, a trout. Fr. Tpwx- 
 tyjs, a trout ; properly, a rave- 
 nous eater. TpwxTtig, says 
 Schneider, is not found in this 
 sense in ancient authors. 
 
 Truculentus, savage, grim. 
 Fr. trux, trucis. As Lutulen- 
 tus, Turbulentus. 
 
 TrudtSf a stake or pole for 
 pushing or thrusting. Fr. tru- 
 do. 
 
 Trudo, I thrust, shove. Fr. 
 rpvfyv formed fr. Tpuco, to vex, 
 molest. Hence, to justle, 
 shove. 
 
 Trulla, a ladle, spoon ; a 
 trowel. Fr. trua, whence truu- 
 la, truilla, (as Turtur, Turturis, 
 Turturula, Turturilla), trulla. 
 Trulla was also an earthern cup 
 
 Whence t/>vxo>, rpvois, &c. 
 
 or mug. Perhaps, as being in 
 its form. Forcellini describes 
 trulla, a ladle, as f* concha ma- 
 nubriata." Donnegan says : 
 t( Tpv(3\lov t a small bowl or 
 dish; dimin. of rphty, rguf^bg, a 
 "drinking-cup." From Tpufibg 
 then might have been trubula, 
 trubla, trulla. Trulla is used 
 also for a pan to put fire in, 
 and a chamberpot. From the 
 form. 
 
 Trulleum, a bowl or basin. 
 As being in the form of a trul- 
 la. 
 
 Trullisso, I lay on plaster 
 (trulla) with a trowel. 
 
 Trunco, I maim, mangle. 
 For truco, (as Lingo, &c.) fr. 
 T §vX°°> ^ afflict. Hesychius ex- 
 plains rpvx*w by (pQiipsiv. Or 
 Tpdyui is here to perforate, from 
 rpvoo, whence rpvjtoua, Tg6y,a, 
 rgvpotXiu. And hence to wound, 
 like rgcjocti which is allied to 
 rpuca : and so rpctuoo, whence 
 rpavptx. 2 ^f Al. from trux, 
 trucis. Truciter tracto. 
 
 Truncus, maimed. Fr. truw 
 
 CO. 
 
 Truncus, a tree (truncus) dis- 
 membered of its roots and 
 branches, the stump, stock, 
 trunk. So the body without 
 the limbs. Also, a branch cut 
 off from the trunk. And a dolt, 
 dunce, as senseless as a stock. 
 If " From rpfyms, (j^X ^ 
 which in Hesychius is the same 
 as truncus" says Vossius. But 
 Tps%vo$ is explained by Donne- 
 gan " a bough, twig, branch, 
 shoot." 
 
 2 See Donnegan on Tepw. 
 
488 
 
 TRU TUG 
 
 Trusus, pushed. Fr. trudo, 
 trudsum. 
 
 Trutina, a steelyard, ba- 
 lance. Fr. rgvTuvYi. As jxa- 
 yAvv., raachlna. 
 
 Trux, trucis, cruel, savage, 
 severe ; of a savage countenance, 
 grim, fierce. Fr. Tp6%a> fut. of 
 Tpvxco, to distress, afflict. See 
 Tristis. 1 
 
 Tryblium, a dish. TpvfiXw. 
 
 Tu, you. Fr. to, iEolic form 
 of cru. " Pers. tu, Dutch and 
 Germ, du." W. 
 
 Tuba, a trumpet. Fr. xtottoc;, 
 a sound ; or xTwnw, to sound. 
 ^f Al.from tubus, a pipe, tube. 
 In Vitruvius tuba is the pipe of 
 an hydraulic machine. 
 
 Tuber, a swelling; a knob, 
 bard excrescence ; a truffle or 
 mushroom. Fr. tumeo, whence 
 tumiber, tuber. As Facio, Fa- 
 ciber, Faber. So Verber. ^f 
 « From Hebr. tabur" Tt. 
 
 Tuber, 
 
 Tubicen, a trumpeter. Qui 
 tuba canit. As Fidicen. 
 
 Tuburcmor, 1 eat greedily. 
 Fr. Tufiotpig, a dish served at 
 dessert. Like Sermocinor. Al. 
 for tubercinor fr. tuber, a mush- 
 room. That is, 1 feast greedily 
 on the ru^ocgig or on mushrooms. 
 
 Tubus: See Appendix. 
 
 Tucetum, a kind of sausage. 
 For tudicetum fr. tudo, tundo, 
 whence tudes. As being brayed 
 or pounded. Compare Face- 
 tus. 
 
 1 Ai. from rpaxvs, rough ; whence 
 rpaxs, rpal ; or Tpvxs, rpi>£. H Al. from 
 0p^|, a Thracian. See Turn. 
 
 Tudes, a mallet. Fr. tud&, 
 tundo. 
 
 Tudlto, 1 thump, strike. Fr. 
 tundo, tunditum, tuditum. 
 
 Tueor, I look at steadfastly, 
 gaze on. Also, I look to r at- 
 tend to, watch over, guard, pre- 
 serve. Tuor still exists, and is 
 fr. Tyco, whence twVxco, tjtuctxco, 
 whence TiTuVxoju,a», I aim at an 
 object. Schultens : " TYrucr- 
 xecrflai was with the ancient 
 Latins tui, intui, and afterwards 
 tueri, intueri." Tvod is allied to 
 Taw, Tew, Tsivco. Virgil : " Ocu- 
 los pariter telumque tetendit." 
 From tvcd is also ruyyavco, I aim 
 at, hit, hit upon, light upon. So 
 from fiasco, i aim at, is p\e%co, I 
 look at. % Al. from QeuopctL, 
 Qecbpcti. 
 
 Tufa. Forcellini : " Legi- 
 tur tanquam nomen signi mili- 
 taris apud Vegetium. Sed pro- 
 fecto barbariem sapit, et est a 
 Latio amandandum." Faccio- 
 lati: " Erant tufa, Gr. tqvQo. 
 vel Toy<t«a, apices cassidi vel 
 galeae inserti, ex Indicorum 
 bourn caudis facti, ut probat 
 Ducang. At Lydus nos docet 
 lanceas fuisse promissis jubis 
 ornatas, quas Romani jubas, 
 Barbari autem, nonnihil cor- 
 rupta voce, tufas vocant." After 
 noticing the Anglo-Sax. top, 
 Iceh topper, Engl, top and tuft, 
 Wachter observes that the By- 
 zantine writers call the tuft of a 
 helmet tou$« from the Saxon, 
 and adds : " Inde Latino-bar- 
 baris tufa genus vexilli ex con- 
 fertis plumarum globis." 
 
 Tugurium, a cottage, hut. 
 For togurium, (as nUmidae from 
 
TUI- 
 
 •TUN 
 
 489 
 
 vOpcifag, &c.) fr. TSToyct pf. mid. 
 of Tsyw, to cover. See Toga. 
 
 Ttti: See Sui. 
 
 Tuli, I bore; I bore up, 
 raised. Fr. tob, whence tetoli, 
 tetuli, tuli. See Tollo. 
 
 Tullidnum, a part of the com- 
 mon prison at Rome, as added, 
 says Festus, by Servius Tullius. 
 
 Turn, then ; besides, and. 
 From tov, (as loKON, dolUM,) 
 i. e. xaru tov (i. e. toutov) %povov. 
 So Donnegan explains tw to 
 mean " then" in II. >j, 158, and 
 Od. jx, 501. Compare Tarn. 
 ^[ Al. from Typos, ryjju/. 
 
 Tumba, a tomb. Fr. Tup/Hog, 
 or rather fr. TUft/3« which is in 
 the Glosses. 
 
 Tumeo, I swell ; 1 am proud. 
 Fr. xvco, pp. xexvpai, whence a 
 verb xvpew, iEol. Tvpeca, as ifej- 
 vo$ is in iEolic Tijvoc, and as many 
 derive Telum from Kr\\ov, iEolic 
 TijAov. From xexvpcti in fact 
 xvfAct, a wave, is derived, ^f As 
 Tvco ( See Tueor) existed in the 
 sense of extending, it might 
 have meant also to expand ; then 
 from pp. TSTUjota* might be rupee», 
 tumeo. % Al. from (pupa, a 
 swelling ; whence 03ju,a, (as vice 
 versa 6r)p becomes <Prip,) hence 
 thumeo, tumeo. % Al. from 
 Qvpbg, anger. But tumeo in the 
 sense of swelling with anger is 
 metaphorical. 1 
 
 Tumicla, a little rope. Fr. 
 
 1 Al. from otSjUew, transp. Soi/xda), 
 whence dumeo (as pUnio from ttOIv^), 
 tumeo, as Timeo from Ae?/xa. 1f Muller 
 says that some etymologists derive rv/x- 
 /3os from rvfxeiv, tumeo: as Tumulus 
 from Tumeo. Donnegan under Tu$&> 
 gives a different derivation of Tfy*j3os. 
 
 Etym. 
 
 tomix, whence tomicula, tumi- 
 cla, tumicla. 
 
 Tumulo, I bury. In tumulo 
 condo. 
 
 Tumult uarius, done on the 
 occasion, unpremeditated. Fr. 
 tumultuor. Taken from the mi- 
 lites tumultuarii, who were en- 
 rolled at a moment's notice to 
 defend the state. 
 
 Tumult us j a tumult, uproar. 
 Fr. tumeo. Cicero : " Ne de- 
 serere viderer hunc rerum tumo- 
 rem." Virgil : *' Hie etiam coe- 
 cos instare tumult us Seepe mo- 
 net, fraudemque et operta tu- 
 mescere bella." So fr. xvw, to 
 swell, is xvfog, pride, insult, out- 
 rage ; whence xvtioifAog, uproar. 
 
 Tumulus, a little hill, mound; 
 a tomb. Fr. tumeo. 
 
 Tunc, then. For tumque, 
 tumq ', tumc (as Neque, Neq', 
 Nee,) for softness tunc. 9, 
 
 Tundo, 1 beat, strike. For 
 tudq, whence tutudi and tudi- 
 tans. If tutttcq is fr. tuw, as 
 Swtttw from Suw ; then from tu- 
 &V, formed from tuoo, may be 
 tudo. And in reality tuco did 
 exist, (as appears under Tueor,) 
 in the sense of aiming, hitting, 
 striking. % Al. from twoV, 
 formed from tstvtitui ; whence 
 Tuddr t v. Or fr. tutttoo, tvttm, 
 tvUco. ^f Al. from Selvoo, whence 
 TS0SVTCU and TeQovroti, Uvfyv and 
 Qovfyv. 
 
 Tunica, a tunic; metaph. a 
 coat, membrane. Fr. %rrwa 
 accus. of xitoov; transp. rwvix*. 
 
 2 Al. from turn and ye or 7', as Nunc. 
 But Nunc is from two Greek words NDz' 
 y\ % A!, from Tqvina, T^Wt\ s 
 
 3 Q 
 
490 
 
 TUR- 
 
 TUR 
 
 whence tunica, as <pw§o$ became 
 fiiris. % Al. from Suva), to put 
 on; fut. tvvoo; whence dunica, 
 (as Manus, Manica,)and tunica, 
 as Timeo from Asipu. % The 
 Germ, tunch Wachter refers to 
 tunica, 
 
 Turba, a crowd, uproar. 
 TupPy. Boxhorn mentions the 
 British tyrfa. 
 
 Turbidus, muddy, thick. Fr. 
 turbo, to disturb. Also, angry, 
 displeased, rebellious. " Com- 
 motus ira quae maxime omnium 
 perturbat." F. Also, full of 
 trouble, confusion, and disorder : 
 i. e. turba plenus. 
 
 Turbinatus, conical. That is, 
 in the shape (turbinis) of a top. 
 
 Turbo, a whirlwind, hurri- 
 cane. Apuleius : ** Turbo di- 
 citur, qui repentinis flatibus 
 prosilit atque universa pertur- 
 bat." Wachter : " Quod om- 
 nia turbet et summa imis mis- 
 ceat." But turbo is also a whirl 
 or reel, and a top which whirls. 
 Whence turbo would be better 
 referred to o-rpofiecav, o-Tpofioov, 
 whirling ; transp. o"rog/3wv, 
 whence torbo, (as 2<pu\Xco be- 
 comes Fallo,) then turbo. The 
 explanation by Vossius of turbo, 
 a top, seems frigid : " Nam 
 actus flagellis venti instar turbat 
 ac strepit." 
 
 Turbo, I disturb, confound. 
 Fr. turba. U Or from VTpofieoo, 
 <TTpo/3w, I whirl ; transp. (TTopBw. 
 
 Turbulentus, troubled, dis- 
 turbed. Fr. turba, i. e. plenus 
 turba. So Luculentus. Or. 
 fr. turbo, inis. Or fr. turbo, 
 avi. 
 
 Turdus: See Appendix. 
 
 Turgeo, I swell. Fr. nvprow, 
 xvgTub, (whence Kvprao^u, a round 
 tumor,) transp. rvpxa>, (as Mop$ot, 
 Forma,) whence turgo, and tu?- 
 geo, as we have Tergo and Ter- 
 geo. ^f Or from rapayea), (as 
 from Ka\upo$ is Culmus,) fut. 
 2. of Taga<r<roo, I disturb ; in a 
 neuter sense, J am disturbed. 
 In allusion to flour swelling by 
 mixing leaven. Jones, in de- 
 riving turgeo from rapotyob, ob- 
 serves that its primary sense must 
 hence have been to be agitated 
 or to swell with anger. But 
 this last sense seems naturally 
 to follow and not to lead that of 
 swelling in general. 1 
 
 Turio? 
 
 Turma, a squadron of horse. 
 Damm : "*A>j, agmen militum, 
 turma equitum. Ab eiAe'w, vol- 
 vo, condenso, conglobo." Ra- 
 ther, Ta>j is from »Asa>, and z\\v\ 
 from el\eoo. Similarly, turma 
 appears to come from torqueo, 
 which is the same as eikico and 
 l\ico, whence TAiyf, a whirlpool. 
 Fr. torqueo is torquima, torma, 
 (as Glubo, Glubima, Gluma,) 
 for softness turma. % Al. from 
 TSTOppui pp. of rslpoo, whence 
 Teres, round. See Torus. So 
 Scaliger from roppos, rotunditas. 
 5f Al. from dpow, cursus ; transp. 
 8ofttt>7, dorma, whence torma, as 
 Timeo from Jslfxa. Gloss. 
 
 1 Donnegan : " Tvpca, fut. rvptreo, [pf. 
 TeVy/j/ca,] to swell, to rise. This form has 
 been assumed from analogy, and to it are 
 referred Ovpffos, rvpffts, ripaos, as well as 
 the Latin Turio, Turgeo, Turns." I 
 fear all this is mere assumption. 
 
 2 See the Note on Turgeo. 
 
TUR- 
 
 TYM 
 
 491 
 
 Philox. : Turma, ho%o$, SiaSgo- 
 p,Y). % Al. from Tvpfiyi, a crowd. 
 £ changed to M. Or fr. rup^, 
 whence turbima, turma, Isaac 
 Vossius : " Turba and turma, 
 as Globus and Glomus." 1 
 
 Turpis: See Appendix. 
 
 Tunis, a tower ; a moveable 
 tower used in besieging cities. 
 Fr. Tvg<ri$, ruppig. 
 
 Tursio, a sturgeon or por- 
 poise, porcopiscis, a sea pig. 
 " From its pig's-beak. In 
 Welsh twrch is a pig. Hence 
 also this fish is called Hicca 
 from Hwch, which means a sow 
 in the same dialect ; and Hysca 
 from r T$, a sow ; and tursio from 
 turch, a sow. Jt is therefore 
 not a Gothic word, as Scaliger 
 writes : but a Celtic word." W. 
 Its beak is spoken of by Pliny. 
 
 Turtur, a turtle-dove. " H ebr. 
 thor, thur, Lat. turtur by redu- 
 plication. Anglo-Sax. turtle** 
 W. So Ainsworth : " From 
 the Hebrew doubled tur-tur" % 
 Or from Tpvopcti, to be afflicted ; 
 pp. T&TpvTai, transp. rervgrou. 
 Virgil: "Nee gem ere aeria 
 cessabit turtur ab ulmo." ^f 
 Or from rpdXp, to coo like a 
 dove (whence from fut. 2. rguyob 
 is Tpvyoov, a turtle-dove), pp. ts- 
 
 TpVTOtl, 2, tLtVQTOLI. 
 
 Turunda, a small ball of 
 bread; a roll of lint put into 
 a wound. For terunda, ierenda, 
 
 1 Varro : " Turma factum e terma : 
 quod ter deni equites ex tribus tribubus 
 fiebaut." 
 
 2 For, as rplfa makes rpi&w as well as 
 rp/£o>, so rpvfa probably made rpiffo as 
 
 well as rpvfc. 
 
 fr. tero ; somewhat as Gerunda 
 from Gero. Offa trita et sub- 
 acta manibus. Some form tU- 
 gurium immediately from tEgo. 
 % Or from Tspeco, rspco, or rogico, 
 rogw, to make round. Com- 
 pare Teres and Torus, fl Al. 
 from Tvpoei§, made with cheese 
 as a cake ; ace. TVgosvrot, tu- 
 povvToi, whence turunta, turun- 
 da.* 
 
 Tus, Thus, incense. Fr. Q6o$, 
 Qv§, as IJuos, Pus. 
 
 Tussilago, the herb coltsfoot. 
 Pliny: "Nomen habet a tussi 
 sananda." So Gr. (Zyxiov fr. 
 
 Tussis, a cough. Fr. vtuo-is 
 or TTTwcn^, a spitting. Catul- 
 lus : u Malamque pectore EX- 
 spui tussim" 
 
 Tute, yourself. Tu re. 
 
 Tuteta, a defence, protection ; 
 guardianship, wardship : &c. 
 Fr. tutor, as Luo, Luela. 
 
 Tutor, 1 defend. Fr. tueor, 
 tuitum, tutum. 
 
 Tutulus : See Appendix. 
 
 Tutunus, 
 
 Tutus, guarded, kept safe ; 
 safe. Fr. tueor, tuitus, 
 
 Tuus, your. Fr. tui, as Sui, 
 Suus. 
 
 Tympanum, a drum, timbrel, 
 tabret. * Tupiruvov. In Virg. 
 Georg. 2, 444, Quayle explains 
 tympana, "solid wheels resem- 
 bling drums." Donnegan : 
 " Tu^itdvov was ayy thing made 
 of wood, and resembling a 
 drum more or less in form. 
 
 3 If a verb rvpw, to swell, really ex- 
 isted, (See the Note on Turgeo,) turun- 
 da might be referred to it. 
 
492 
 
 TYP- 
 
 VAC 
 
 Hence in architecture, a pedi- 
 ment, Vitruv. 4. 6, 7. The 
 form of the ancient drum was 
 that of a kettle-drum, viz. flat on 
 one side, and convex on the 
 other, as appears from the form 
 of certain natural objects com- 
 pared to it by Pliny and Var- 
 ro." 
 
 Typhon, a hurricane, torna- 
 do. Tvipwv. 
 
 Typhus, arrogance. Tutpoe. 
 
 Typus, a stamp, impression, 
 image. Tunog. 
 
 Tyrannis, regal power; ty- 
 ranny, Tvgavvls. 
 
 Tyrannus, a king, priuce ; a 
 tyrant. Tupavvog. 
 
 Tyrianthmm, of a bright 
 violet color. TvpiavQivog. 
 
 TyrotarichuVj a kind of meat 
 made of salted flesh and cheese. 
 Tvgordgixog. 
 
 U, V. 
 
 Vacca, a cow. "From Hebr. 
 vakar.'* Tt. Rather, bakar. 
 " From the Syriac baccara." 
 V. ^[ Others from fiovg, /3ooj, 
 a cow ; whence they form a 
 word boacca, but apparently 
 without analogy. 
 
 Vaccinium, Vacinium, a hya- 
 cinth. At least, says Forcellini, 
 it is certain that it is a flower of 
 a dark violet color. Martin : 
 C( The vaccinitim mentioned by 
 Virgil is not different from what 
 in other places he calls Hya- 
 cinthus. The iEolians, who af- 
 fected to change the v into ou, 
 as Qvydryp into Qovycirrip, wrote 
 ovaxivQw aud owxivviov for the 
 
 diminutive wax/vfliov : and ova- 
 xtvviov in Roman letters is vaci- 
 nium. The line in Virgil, f Et 
 nigra? violas sunt et vaccinia ni- 
 gra,' is a literal translation of a 
 line of Theocritus : Kui to lov 
 jU,=Aav evr), xu) d ypaitra vclxivQog. 
 Here Virgil himself translates 
 vdLxivQog vaccinium" 
 
 Vacerra : See Appendix. 
 
 Vacerrosus, used by Augustus 
 for Cerritus. That is, silly, 
 stupid as a (vacerra) stake or 
 post. 
 
 Vacillo, I move to and fro, 
 waggle, reel. From the North. 
 Wachter: "Anglo-Sax. wagian, 
 Suec. hweka, Germ, wacken, 
 vacillare. Properly to fluctuate, 
 as taken from a wave, which in 
 all the dialects is called woge. 
 Allied is Hebr. puk, titubavit. 
 For W and P are interchanged." 
 Elsewhere he notices " Anglo- 
 Sax, and Suec. wag, Iceland. 
 vag, a wave ;" which he com- 
 pares with oilysg, waves. To 
 vag vacillo seems nearly allied. 
 % Or for vagillo from vago, 
 (which was formerly used for 
 vagal',) as Scribo, Scribillo. 
 Forcellini explains for their first 
 meaning vacillo " modo hue, 
 modo illuc inclinor," vagor 
 " hue atque illuc feror." Cice- 
 ro : <f Quorum vagetur animus 
 errore, nee habeat unquam quid 
 sequatur." That is, fluctuates, 
 wavers, ^f Al. from bacillus, a 
 stick. A metaphor taken from 
 infirm men, leaning on a stick, 
 and tottering. 
 
 Vdco, I am empty, void ; 1 am 
 free from ; I am free from busi- 
 ness, am disengaged, have leisure, 
 
VAC- 
 
 •VAG 
 
 493 
 
 am idle ; I have leisure to apply 
 to anything. Bona vacant, are 
 without a possessor, are vacant. 
 Fr. x"">9 or X^ M > X a ">> X*F">, 
 (whence Cavo), transposed Fct- 
 yw, whence faco, vaco. ^f 
 " From Hebrew BKK, eva- 
 cuare." V. 
 
 Vdcuna, the Goddess of the 
 idle. Fr. vaco. 
 
 Vacuus, empty ; disengaged ; 
 vacant. Fr. vaco. 
 
 Vadimonium, a recognisance, 
 bail. Fr. vas, vadis. So Pa- 
 tris, Patrimonium. 
 
 Vado, I go. Fr. /3«§«;. Eus- 
 tathius: 'O fiotfog \k tow <3a§co, 
 ou irapotyooyov to /3ao7£a;. Or 
 from a verb jSa&eco, /3a§w. Or, 
 as A is long in vado, it is fr. 
 /3aeo, /3g|3r}T«i, /3>j5>]V, Dor. /3cioV, 
 whence /3d§e«;, /3a3a>, vado. If Al. 
 from j3«Tea», /3arw. ^f Tooke : 
 " From Anglo-Sax. vadan." 
 
 Vadum, Vddus, a ford, shal- 
 low, shoal of the sea ; the bot- 
 tom of the sea ; and of a well ; 
 the sea in general. " Ubi aqua 
 brevis est, ac pedibus vadi ac 
 transiri potest." F. But, as A 
 is short, vadum is better referred 
 to /3«toj, BuTov, passable, or /3a- 
 fo$, a passage. 1 
 
 Va t alas. Fr. oval. So Vir- 
 gilius was written by the Greeks 
 Ompylkiog. So Strabo writes the 
 Gallic Vates OutxTei$. Wachter 
 notices Anglo-Sax. wa, wa, 
 Dan. v<e, Goth, wax, Welsh 
 gwae. 
 
 Vafer, crafty, knowing. Fr. 
 
 oiQspbg, formed fr. a<p^, fr. $$a 
 pf. of uiftco, necto. As the 
 Latins say Necto dolos. So 
 from «tttw, v}<pot, a<p#, is oMr«<pw, 
 to deceive. From uq>v\, as Ves- 
 pera from 'E<rvepa. % Al. from 
 PcttpYj, a dyeing, coloring, and so 
 tricking, deceiving. *J Al. for 
 vaber fr. facio, whence faciber, 
 vaciber, vaber, whence vafer, 
 as clp&oo, amBo. That is, dex- 
 terous, expert. See Faber. ^f 
 Al. from 4>«co ; to speak, whence 
 vaber, vafer. Dicendi peritus et 
 decipiendi verbis. % Al. for 
 varifer. " Qui varia semper 
 affert quibus norit se extricare." 
 V.* 
 
 Vagina : See Appendix. 
 
 Vagio, I cry as a child. Fr. 
 /3i/3dya pf. mid. of fiafy» same 
 as /3a/3a?co, to speak inarticu- 
 lately. Hence bagio, vagio. 
 ^f Al. from ayeca, Doric of fa* 00 » 
 I utter a loud sound. Hence va- 
 cheOfVageo, which seems to have 
 produced vagor (same as Vagitus) 
 in Lucretius, ^f Al. for valgio 
 from Germ, balg, an infant. 
 
 Vagor, I go to and fro, wan- 
 der, rove. From ve, much, and 
 agor (whence Agitor), I am 
 driven about, ^f Al. from ayo- 
 pou, Fayopai, I am driven, or I 
 drive myself. Hencejfagor or 
 vagor. Or from ve and uyopcti. 
 ^[ Wachter notices Goth, wagan, 
 to move, and Germ, wegen, 
 " movere, sive id fiat in loco, 
 sive de loco ad locum." 
 
 Vagus, wandering. Fr. vagor. 
 
 1 " Germ, waden, wadden, watten 
 Anglo-Sax. wadan, Belg. waaden, Engl 
 
 2 Al. from ve, very, and Afer. From 
 to wade, Lat. vado. All from vadum:' W. the crafty disposition of the Africans. 
 
494 
 
 VAH- 
 
 -VAN 
 
 Vah, ah ! An interjection of 
 grief, joy, admiration, wrath. 
 From a; V prefixed as in nu- 
 merous words, and H added as 
 in Oh from y ft. J[ Or for 
 vaha, which occurs in Plautus. 
 And this from a a. ^f " From 
 Hebrew HAW Ainsw. % 
 Or from the sound. 
 
 Valde, very much. For va- 
 lid^, strongly. So Gr. xapra, 
 
 fr. X£aT0£, XUpT0$. 
 
 Vale, farewell. Fr. valeo. 
 
 Valeo, I am in sound health 
 and strength ; I am well or 
 strong. Fr. QctXiao, I flourish ; 
 iEoi. QuXsco, (as fyp, JEol. 
 $rip,) whence valeo, as Vates 
 for Phates. % Al. from ouAeco, 
 whence vuleo, as in Oho$, Vi- 
 num ; and valeo, as in x.Tvo$, 
 cAnis ; xTKi%, cAlix. 
 
 Vdletudo, health good or bad. 
 Fr. valeo, valet um. 
 
 Valgus, bow-legged. Fr. 
 falx, folds, whence falcus,fal- 
 gus, valgus, bent as a scythe. 1 
 
 Vdlidus, in sound health, 
 strong, powerful. Fr. valeo. 
 As Frigeo, Frigidus. 
 
 Vallis, a valley. Fr. QaMco, 
 to be verdant ; whence a word 
 0aAAo£, JEol. <pu\\os, (as Or\p, 
 *Prjp,) in the sense of vallis. 
 So Helvigius derives Germ. 
 thai, dahl, (whence our Dale,) 
 from QaMcti: " Est enim locus 
 ot[j.$i(}ct\rjs, uudique virens/' ^f 
 Al. from the preceding thai. 
 If Al. from vallo. " Quod hinc 
 atque hinc vallata est." Ainsw.* 
 
 1 AK from &kyos, pain, calamity. 
 
 2 Al. from avKwpos, (gen. of av\bi>,) 
 aifXvbs, whence vaulnis, valnis, vallis, as 
 KoAwbs, KoKvbs, Colnis, Collis. 
 
 Vallo, I fence or fortify (val- 
 lis) with stakes. 
 
 Vallum, a fortification round 
 a camp or besieged town, made 
 of earth dug from the ditch, and 
 (de vallis) of sharp stakes stuck 
 into it. ^f Al. from /3«XXw, to 
 cast, cast up an entrenchment. 
 
 Vallus, a stake. Fr. varus, 
 whence varulus, vallus, as Pue- 
 rula, Puella. 
 
 Vallus, a little fan. Fr. van- 
 nus, whence vannulus, vanlus, 
 vallus. 
 
 Valvce, folding doors. 3 For 
 volvat, fr. volvo. " Quia in a- 
 periendo volvuntur et compli- 
 cantur." F. Somewhat as lAn- 
 cea from AOy^rj. Or from volva, 
 changed to vulva, and then to 
 valves, somewhat as tAlpa from 
 rT<pXa, tTXQol. So Culcita from 
 Calco, Lubricus from Labor. 
 
 Valvolus, 
 
 Vanga, 
 
 V annus, a fan, corn-van. 
 From the North. Sax. fann. 
 " Germ, wanne. Lat. vannus. 
 From Celt, benne, a hurdle. 
 For it is an instrument woven 
 from wicker rods, like a hur- 
 dle." W. So Wachter else- 
 where explains vannus " instru- 
 mentum vimineum quo fru- 
 menta ventilantur." ^f Al. for 
 ventulus, a little wind ; whence 
 venlus, vennus, then vannus, 
 as m Agnus for mEgnus. 
 
 Vdnus, unsubstantial, vain ; 
 
 3 " Valvarum nomine significatur 
 etiam ipsum x* "/-" 1 » cavitas, lumen ja- 
 nuae [valvarum] aut fenestra? : fiebantque 
 roaxime in tricliuiis amplab ac patentes, 
 ut coenantibus late prospectus e&set in 
 omnes partes." F. 
 
VAP' 
 
 VAK 
 
 495 
 
 futile ; false. Fr. wlpijva, Dor. 
 ittyoivu, pf. mid. of <pctlvofji.cn, to 
 appear ; whence <p«vo$, apparent, 
 i. e. apparent but not real. Sis 
 quod videris, is a well known 
 precept, ^f " From Germ. 
 wan, deficiens." W. 
 
 Vapidus, mawkish, vapid. 
 Fr. vapor or vapeo. " Qui va- 
 lorem emittit." F. Rather, 
 qui vaporem tetrum emittit, 
 as the Delphin Editor explains 
 it on Persius, 5, 148. Some 
 seem to understand it, qui vapo- 
 rem emisit suum, qui vapuit, et 
 est nil nisi liquor. But I doubt 
 that vapidus can be thus analo- 
 gically explained. 
 
 Vapor, exhalation, steam ; 
 smoke, mist. Also, warmth, 
 heat, for exhalation supposes 
 these. Fr. vapeo, whence va- 
 pidus, Vapeo fr. xotQsco, to ex- 
 hale ; whence wu<pew, (as kvKog, 
 luPus,) papheo, transp. pha- 
 peo, vapeo. % Al. from kocttoc., 
 iEol. xoarop, whence ironroq, va- 
 por. 
 
 Vdporo, I heat (vapore) with 
 hot steam, fumigate. I send 
 out (vaporem) hot steam. 
 
 Vappa, palled or insipid 
 wine. Hence, an abandoned 
 fellow : " Probrosum hominum 
 nomen," says Pliny, " cum de- 
 generavit animus." Or vappa 
 is useless like palled wine, and 
 hence bad, as the Greeks ex- 
 pressed a good man by x^trros 
 avvjg, a useful man. Fr. vapi- 
 da, whence vapda, vappa. ^f 
 " As for oju,jfca the iEolians said 
 07nrct, so for ]8«/xjxa they said 
 Patrnu, whence was vappa. 
 JNor does the meaning of J3«p. 
 
 pot oppose this derivation. Pro- 
 perly indeed it signifies f intinc- 
 tum :' but vinegar in particular 
 was used in the epfiuppa. ; and 
 Hesychius states that the Syra- 
 cusans said /3«jXjxa for g]a,/3aju,/xa. 
 Hence /3«/x,/xa was used simply 
 for vinegar. And hence the 
 iEolic /3aWa, and Latin vappa, 
 was used for wine becoming 
 acid." V. 
 
 Vapulo, 1 am beaten or 
 whipped. Fr. dnctXos, tender; 
 whence dvaXoto, cvkuXv), I make 
 tender by beating : used intrans- 
 itively. Compare Mulco. V, 
 as in Vespera from 'Ea-nspa. : and 
 U, as in crapUla from xgctnrA- 
 X>j. ^f Al. from StiraXooioo, cnrct- 
 Xovif 1 thresh. % Or from ttcu- 
 'jtaXca fut. of wouifcLx\co 9 I shake. 
 Used like Percutio from Qua- 
 tio. 
 
 Vara seem to mean erect 
 stakes on which others called 
 Vibia? are placed to stand upon 
 and build. Ausonius : " Se- 
 quitur [varam vibia." Some 
 however read " Sequitur vara 
 vibiam." And vara is used by 
 Vitruvius for the whole erection. 
 It seems allied to varus, a stake 
 on which hunting-nets are placed. 
 And indeed in Lucan 4, 439, 
 varis is taken by Forcellini as 
 coiring from vara. Or these 
 vara were placed obliquely in 
 regard to one another, from 
 varus, crooked, % Al. from 
 Germ, baren, to raise up, bear 
 up. 
 
 Vdria, a panther. From its 
 various colors. 
 
 Various, straddling. Fr. va- 
 rus, as Teter or Tetrus, Tetri- 
 
496 
 
 VAR- 
 
 VAS 
 
 cus. When the legs are bent 
 inwards, they are straddling. 
 
 Varius, of divers colors ; va- 
 rious in general ; versatile ; va- 
 rious in action, fickle. Fr. /3a- 
 \ib$, whence valius, varius. So 
 aYjAiot, seRia. 
 
 Varix, a swollen or dilated 
 vein. Fr. varus. Nonius : 
 " Quia venae in cruribus tumen- 
 tes inflexre sunt et obtorta?." 
 ^f Or fr. varus, which Forcellini 
 explains u . tuberculum exiguum 
 et durum in facie." 
 
 Varo: See Baro. 
 
 Varus, having the legs bent 
 inward ; crooked, hence wrong, 
 opposed to Rectus. Also, un- 
 like, dissimilar. In this sentence 
 of Bp. Hall, " If we walk per- 
 versely with God, he will walk 
 crookedly towards us," Johnson 
 explains Crookedly " untoward- 
 ly, not compliantly.'' Varus is fr. 
 pxifios, pa/3of, transp. (3ago$, ha- 
 rm, varus. So Baro and Varo 
 are interchanged. % Al. from 
 mipo$, Dor. Trap o s, injured in any 
 part of the body. 
 
 Varus, a little fork with 
 which hunting-nets are set up. 
 Fr. pa»|3o£, crooked. That is, 
 a crooked stake. See Varus 
 above. % Al. from Germ. 
 bceren, to raise up, bear up. 
 
 Varus, a speckle on the face. 
 "Quia varum corpus facit et 
 inaequale." Ainsw. Varus is 
 dissimilar, unequal, uneven. 
 
 Vas, vadis, a bail, surety. 
 Fr. <poig, participle of <pvjja», 
 which Donnegan explains (inter 
 alia) to affirm, assure, promise. 
 Or vas is for vads, vadis, and 
 this is fr. $«t>js, from <puw, %k- 
 
 Qutou. '* Qui promittit suo se 
 periculo aliquem judicio stitu- 
 rum." V. J[ Al. from j3«j. 
 Qui vadit seu it in jus. ^f Al. 
 from Germ, wetten, spondere, 
 stipulari. "The Anglo-Sax. 
 bad, wed, is a pledge." W. <[f 
 Spelman mentions the Turkish 
 bassa, sponsor. 1 
 
 Vas, vasis, a vessel. From 
 Germ. J assert, to take, hold, 
 receive, whence our adverb 
 Fast. Or from Germ, fass, 
 explained by Wachter " omne 
 receptaculum ventrosum." ^f 
 Or from /3aco, /3aVw, to support. 
 Thus /3»jw.o£, an altar, is for |3ao- 
 /xo£ fr. /3««; ; and from pp. /3e- 
 /3acrra» is /3a<rra£co, to bear, car- 
 ry. If Or, since CH is com- 
 mutable with PH or F, (See 
 Fames,) vas or fas is fr. %a?a>, 
 pC«Va>, I hold, contain. Thus 
 vasis or phasis will be for chasis. 
 % " From Hebr. vasah, ample." 
 Tt. 
 
 Vascus, 
 
 Vasto, I lay waste. Fr. 
 «Vcro'co, ai<TToo, uvrui, I destroy. 
 V, as 'iUu, Video, &c. f 
 Tooke : " From Anglo-Sax. 
 vestan." * % Al. from vastus, 
 waste. That is, vastum reddo. 
 " Vastus pro inani, vacuo, de- 
 serto, vastato. Nam quae vacua 
 sunt loca vasta et majora viden- 
 tur." F. 
 
 Vastus, vast, ample. Fr. 
 ctarrv, a city. Vast as a city. 
 Festus explains Oppido, much, 
 
 1 Wachter in Vasall. 
 
 2 "Gr. alffrovv, Lat. vastare, Franc. 
 ostan, Angl. to waste, Ital. guastare, 
 Gall, gaster, guter." W. 
 
VAS« 
 
 VEG 
 
 497 
 
 f* Quantum vel oppido satis es- 
 set." Compare Ingens. ^f Al. 
 for phastus, and this for chastus, 
 (See Fames,) fr. x^ M > xe%ao"Taj, 
 to hold, contain. That is, ca- 
 pacious. 
 
 Vastus, waste. See Vasto. 1 
 
 Fates, a prophet, diviner. 
 Fr. <pccco, Tik<$r\TOLi, to say, de- 
 clare ; whence Qyjtyjs, Dor. $d- 
 tyi$. Compare Gr. irpo^YjTrjg. 
 Donnegan : " <£aTT]$, a prophet. 
 Literally, one who announces. 
 Hence vates." 2, 
 
 Vatius: See Appendix. 
 
 Uber, a teat, dug. Fr. ov- 
 dotp, iEol. ovQotp, whence upher, 
 (as /*02Va, mUsa,) uber, as 
 a(jt,<Pco, am Bo. Uber is also 
 fertility, as ovQap also is used. 
 The " ubere glebae" of Virgil is 
 taken from the oMag apoupug of 
 Homer. Hence uber is fertile. 
 Some refer uber in this sense 
 to svipogog, or to svnogog. 
 
 Ubertas, fertility. Fr. uber. 
 As Liber, Libertas. 
 
 Ubi, where. Fr. oh, JEol 
 o<pt, whence uphi, as "On, Uti ; 
 and ubi, a$up<Poo, am Bo. Com- 
 pare Uber. Or, as <pi was a 
 formative as well as 0*, ubi 
 might come at once from a 
 word o<pi. % Al. from co, eJV, 
 ui, whence ubi, as B is added in 
 Bibo for Bio. f Al. from 
 
 07T0W. 
 
 Ubique, everywhere. For 
 ubicunque. 
 
 1 Al. from nravGTls, made to cease. 
 
 2 Wachter notices the Irish faidh, a 
 prophet, and the statement of Strabo that 
 the Ovdreis, that is, Vates, among the 
 Gauls, were employed in sacrificing and 
 contemplating the nature of things. 
 
 Etym. 
 
 Udo, 
 
 Udus, wet, moist. For uvi- 
 dus. 
 
 Vt, or. From \ ; the V pre- 
 fixed, as in'/c, Vis. % Or for 
 vel, somewhat as A for Ab. 
 
 Ve — , a negative prefix, as in 
 Vecors, Vesanus. From q — , 
 as in YJ7reipo$. V, as*Ig, Vis. 
 
 Ve — , an iutensitive prefix, 
 as in Vescus. Contracted from 
 valde. Whence possibly arises 
 the writing vce. ^F ^ r fr° m 
 y, undoubtedly. % Or con- 
 tracted from rjAita, abundantly. 
 So Se — is cut down from Seor- 
 sim. 
 
 Vecors, vecordis, without 
 mind, frantic, foolish. Cor is 
 here the seat of intelligence. Or 
 vecors is one who wants feeling, 
 insensible, stupid. 
 
 Vectigal, money paid for 
 freight or carriage, ob res tec- 
 tas. 
 
 Vectigalis, subject to pay 
 (vectigalia) taxes or tribute. 
 
 Vectis seems properly to 
 mean a bar used by porters in 
 carrying weights ; fr. veho, vec- 
 tum. Hence a bar used in 
 raising weights ; a bar or bolt. 
 Though it may be referred to 
 TnjxToj, fastened ; so that vectis 
 is that by which doors are fast- 
 ened. Virgil : " Centum aerei 
 claudunt vectes." 
 
 Vedius, Pluto. From A)$, 
 dibg, Jove. See Vejovis. 
 
 Vegeo, I excite, move, 
 quicken. For veceo from ve 
 and ceo, from xeoo, whence xix- 
 Xui, I impel. Thus xeco would 
 be allied to xioo, I go, whence 
 xmw, I move, and Lat. do, 
 8 R 
 
498 
 
 VRG 
 
 VEL 
 
 cieo. ^f Al. for vecieo, whence 
 veceo, vegeo. % Al. from a verb 
 syw 9 the same as ctyoo. Lennep : 
 " 'Evelyn, I urge, impel. It 
 seems compounded of sn) and 
 slyco, from syw, the same as 
 ctyco." Again : "'Eyslpoo, I ex- 
 cite, from syco, as uysigca from 
 ayo>." Donnegan : '* "Oy^og, a 
 furrow. Some derive it from 
 aya?." Rather, from syco, the 
 same as ayco ; from pp. oypcu, 
 or from pf. mid. oyot, whence 
 oyipog, oypog. Theocritus : Ou- 
 ts tov oypov ctysiv §6vct cog to np)v 
 etyeg. V is thus added in Ve- 
 geo, as in Video from 'lUco. 
 Or it is ve, much. % Al. from 
 ve and Sty son (whence «yyjjxa), 
 same as cLyoo. % Al. from Germ. 
 wegen, to move. ^[ A 1. soft forve- 
 greo from sygco, lygsco, 1 rouse. 
 If Al. from axeto, same as 
 «xa£co, I sharpen, stimulate. 
 Hence vageo, then vegeo, as 
 brEvis from fyAyyg. We say 
 To edge on. ^f The Anglo-Sax. 
 ecge, an edge, may be compared. 
 
 Vegeto, I make (vegetum) 
 strong, invigorate, refresh. 
 
 Vtgttus, quick, active, lively, 
 vigorous. Fr. vegeo, I quicken. 
 
 Vehemens, vehement, violent. 
 " From ve, an intensive particle, 
 and mens. The aspirate in- 
 serted, to give briskness and 
 strength to the sound." F. Ve- 
 mens would easily fall into vet- 
 mens, and then the H was 
 added, as in aHenum. ^f Al. 
 from veho and mens. Quern 
 mens vehit. Ovid : " Quae te, 
 germane, furentem Mens a git 
 in facinus ?" ^f Al. from ve- 
 hor, somewhat as Alimentum 
 
 through Alimens, Alimentis, 
 from Alo. Vehor being taken 
 in the sense of invehor, to 
 assault, assail. % Al. from ve, 
 and cupel, blood. By a meta- 
 phor somewhat allied we say 
 Sanguine from Sanguis. Ai 
 into e, as s\AIov, olEum. 
 
 Vehes, a waggon ; waggon- 
 load. Fr. veho. 
 
 Vehiculum, a carnage, &c. 
 Fr. veho. 
 
 Veho, I carry; hence convey, 
 draw. Curtius : " Currum ve- 
 hehant equi." Veho is for ve- 
 cho, whence vechsi, vexi. Vecho 
 is from s^co, I hold, bear, and 
 so carry. *[ Or from o%sco 9 
 lyjh, i carry. We have gEnu 
 from yOvv. 
 
 Vejovis. " Some understand 
 the little or infant Jove, because 
 ve diminishes. Others the bad 
 Jupiter, as having the power 
 not of helping, but of injuring. 
 So Vesanus is male-sanus." F. 
 
 Vel, or. From ^ «XAo, or 
 else; whence y '\\\ el, vel, as 
 Ver from *Hg, % Al. from ve- 
 lis or si-velis. % Jamieson re- 
 fers to Iceland, ella, else, other- 
 wise. 
 
 Velamen, a garment. Fr. 
 velo. 
 
 Velarium, a covering to keep 
 off rain or heat. Fr. velo. Like 
 Dono, Donarium. 
 
 Velificor, 1 exert myself to 
 procure orgain. From the phrase, 
 Ago velis remisque. Also, I 
 endeavour to gain the favor of, 
 make court to. 
 
 Velites, light-armed soldiers, 
 skirmishers. Facciolati : " Quia 
 sub velis seu vexillis militabant, 
 
VEL- 
 
 VET 
 
 499 
 
 non sub aquilis legionum : unde 
 et Vexillarii postea dicti." 1 
 
 Velitor, I skirmish. Fr. ve- 
 lites. Also, I quarrel, wrangle. 
 " Nam a verbis sa?pe ad manus 
 veniri solet, sicut a velitibus ad 
 gravis armaturae milites." F. 
 This is too refined. Festus 
 gives a simpler account: '* Ve- 
 litatio dicta est ultro citroque 
 probrornm objectio, ab exemplo 
 velitaris pugna?." 
 
 Vellico, I twitch, nip. Fr. 
 vello. As iVJedeo, Medico; 
 Fodio, Fodico. 
 
 Velio, I pluck or pull up; I 
 pull, twitch. Fr. verto, whence 
 vertillo, (as Scribo, Scribillo,) 
 vello, somewhat as Vexillum be- 
 comes Velum. Verto is to turn 
 up from the bottom. Horace: 
 " Bacelue valentes Proceras ma- 
 nibus vertere fraxinos." So ver- 
 tere terrain is to turn up, to 
 plough the earth, ^f Al. for 
 vexillo fr. vexo. % Al. from 
 eKXco or si\Koa, to turn round. 
 % Al. from eAw, elhov, to take 
 up. Or from apsAoo, 'psXoo. ^f 
 Al. from tjAAgo, JEol. 7nAAa>, 
 whence villo, as Veru from 
 Ilepa). 
 
 thelitis, wool ; wool with the 
 hide; the hair of any animal 
 with the hide. If the proper 
 meaning is the hide with the 
 wool or hair, then vellus is al- 
 lied to the Celt, fell, Gr. <psAAo$, 
 and Lat. pellis. See Pellis. 
 H If not, it is from vello. Be- 
 cause, says Pliny, it was once 
 
 the custom not to shear but to 
 pluck off the wool of sheep : 
 and he says it remained in some 
 places in his day : " Oves non 
 ubique tondentur : durat qui- 
 busdam in locis vellendi mos." 
 
 Velo, 1 cover, veil ; clothe. 
 Tego velo. Wachter compares 
 Goth. Jilhan, to hide ; and 
 Hebr. bala, he covered. 
 
 Velox, swift. Fr. velum, a 
 sail ; as Fera, Ferox. As swift 
 as a sail. Sails give swiftness 
 to ships. The Latins speak of 
 anything being done '* velis pe- 
 dibusque." See Velificor. If AL 
 from volo. How e for 6 ? 
 
 Velum, a sail ; hence, a cur- 
 tain, veil. From vexillum, a 
 flag, which was hence trans- 
 ferred to a sail, So Palus from 
 Paxillus. 2 
 
 Vtlut, Vtluti, like us. Vel 
 here is even. That is, even as. 
 Cicero ; " Per me vel stertas 
 licet." Virgil: " Vel Priamo 
 miseranda manus." 
 
 Vena, a vein ; artery ; a vein 
 in metals. Fr. %, \vo$, a sinew, 
 fibre; ace. hot. Hrnce vina, 
 vena. 
 
 Veriabulum, a hunting spear. 
 Fr. venor. 
 
 VenaUs, to be sold. Fr. ve- 
 neo. 
 
 Vendito, I expose to sale, 
 wish to sell ; hence, I set off 
 for sale, recommend, praise, 
 brag of. Fr. vendo. 
 
 Vendo, I sell. For venundo. 
 
 1 Al. from tyiX-fjTTjs, tyi\fis. % Al. from 
 ¥\?7, a troop. 
 
 2 Al. from \ai<pos, ft sail ; transp. (pat- 
 hos, (as Moptya, Forma,) whence pkelum, 
 velum. 
 
500 
 
 VEN- 
 
 ■YEN 
 
 Veneficus, one who makes or 
 uses poisons or drugs, a sorce- 
 rer. Also, poisonous. For ve- 
 nenificus. 
 
 Venerium, a poison, poisonous 
 drug. For phenenum fr. Qevao, 
 to kill ; whence a word $sv»jvov, 
 like apsvyvov. But such drugs 
 are prepared for medicinal uses, 
 and hence venerium is some- 
 times, though rarely, taken in 
 the sense of a medicine. Vale- 
 rius : " Vulnus quod nullis . . . 
 levet Medea venenis.* 9 x 
 
 Veneo, Vceneo : See Appen- 
 dix. 
 
 Veneror, I adore, worship ; 
 I pray to, beseech. Dacier : 
 " Properly, I sacrifice (Veneri) 
 to Venus, adore Venus. Hence 
 it was transferred to adoration 
 in general." So Hill: " Ve- 
 rier or comes from "Venus, and 
 denominates the worship paid 
 to every deity by that which is 
 addressed to one." But Scali- 
 ger explains it : " Observantia 
 prosequor ob venerem i. e. ve- 
 nustatem." ^f Or perhaps, 
 from hopacti, evopoiopai, svopw^ai, 
 whence venoror, veneror. Evo- 
 pa.00, I look at, being taken like 
 Respicio, I regard, respect. 
 If Al. from vereor, whence veri- 
 nor, verenor, veneror. % Al. 
 from hoc, a year. " Annorum 
 rationem habeo," says Scheide. 
 Venetus, sea-green. Proper- 
 ly, Venetian. Madan : *,' This 
 color is said to have been first 
 
 1 Al. from fiiXmvov, a dart; whence 
 PeXevvov, velinum, venenum. Darts be- 
 ing tipped with poison, 'lbs is both a 
 dart and poison. But why N for L ? 
 
 used by the Venetian fisher- 
 men." Vossius : " This color 
 was probably in use among the 
 Venetians." 
 
 Venia, indulgence, pardon, 
 favor, kindness ; permission, 
 leave. Fr. venio. " Quia facit 
 veniendi potestatem." V. So 
 hheuQspoc, free, is from skevQoo, to 
 go or come : " Free, inde- 
 pendent to go and come as he 
 pleases," says Ormston. % Al. 
 from aviso», uvix, remitto, per- 
 mitto. Hence vania and ve- 
 nia, as brEvis from fipAxyc. 
 
 Venio, I come, go. The per- 
 fect is veni, and seems to come 
 from jSJjvcu, to go. Or venio is 
 from fZuivw, (3uv(w. % Or venio 
 is fr. uvuco, whence avvopai, I 
 arrive at. As some refer Venia 
 to 'Aviw. 
 
 Venor, I hunt. Fr. Qvipuopou, 
 iEol. <p>jp«oj^ai, <pYj(>a>pcu, whence 
 pheror, phenor, (as perhaps &£- 
 Pov, doNum; ttXyjPyic, pleNus,) 
 venor. Or whence pheror, phe- 
 rinor, phenor. % Haigh : '* Fr. 
 Qoivaco, [QoivocofAoil, $oivo5jU,ai,3 for 
 ^ovacu, I desire to kill, i. e. to 
 go in quest of slaughter." But 
 it would thus have been rather 
 vCEtior. ^f The northern bana 
 was to kill, and ban'e, slaughter. 2 
 Venter, the belly; the womb; 
 the bowels. Fr. evroc, iEol. 
 IvTop, within. % Or fr. Kvrspot, 
 the intestines, As being the 
 place of them. 
 
 Ventilo, I fan, blow. <e Ven* 
 turn excito in aliquam rem." F. 
 Also, I expose to the wind, 1 
 
 2 Wachter in Ban. 
 
VEN 
 
 VER 
 
 501 
 
 air. Also, I wave anything to 
 and fro in the air. As properly 
 said of the wind blowing any- 
 thing backwards and forwards. 
 
 Ventito, I come often. Fr. 
 venio, ventum. 
 
 Ventus, the wind. Fr. otsvrog, 
 gen. of ustg, blowing. Hence 
 ventus, as Oho$, Vinum. ^f Al. 
 from the northern wind, 
 V which/' says Wachter, u is a 
 very ancient word, and common 
 to all the Celtic nations ; and 
 which Junius properly derives 
 from Goth, waien, to blow." 
 
 Venum, for sale. Allied to 
 veneo. 
 
 Venundo, I sell. Venum do. 
 
 Venus, the Goddess of beau- 
 ty, charm, allurement, grace ; 
 and of desire. Jamieson : " As 
 some read Succoth-benoth, i. e. 
 the tabernacles of Benoth, in 
 2 Kings, 17, 30, it is said that 
 under this name the Goddess of 
 Love was worshipped by the 
 Babylonians. By changing B 
 into V, and supposing TH to 
 be pronounced as S, Benoth 
 will bear the form of Venos. Jt 
 has also been supposed that 
 Binos, mentioned by Suidas as 
 ovojxa fleas, is the same Deity. 
 But the Gothic supplies us with 
 a more simple etymon. Bi 
 various dialects of it waen or 
 men signifies pulcher, elegans." 
 Wachter : " Fein, that which is 
 excellent in its kind. A Celtic 
 word, hi natural things it is 
 fine, pure, like gold. In man- 
 ners it is becoming, elegant, and 
 with this signification agrees 
 Lat. venustus, and venus, and 
 in the opinion of many Gr. 
 
 <potsivo$, shining." ^f Wachter 
 elsewhere mentions the Welsh 
 Gwener, Venus, % u From Hebr. 
 fonah, concubitus." Tt. " A 
 venio ea noiione qua Gr. /3awo, 
 ineo, coeo." V. Others refer 
 Venus at once to /3a/vco or /3iveco. 
 
 Venustus, fine, neat, elegant, 
 graceful. From Venus, as 
 Onus, Onustus. See Venus. 
 
 Vepres, Vepris: See Appen- 
 dix. 
 
 Ver, veris, the spring. From 
 Y)p t ypos, Fyp, Fygog. So *I$, Vis, 
 &c. 
 
 Veraculus, a fortune-teller. 
 Qui veracia praetendit. Qui 
 veracem se esse jactat. 
 
 Veratrix, a witch. Fr. verus, 
 whence vero, veratum, to speak 
 the truth. Tibullus : " Ut ruihi 
 verax Pollicita est magico saga 
 ministerio." Or vero is here 
 vera promitto. See Veraculus. 
 
 Veratrum, hellebore. Fr. 
 vero, veratum, as Aro, Aratum, 
 Aratrum. " Quod eo purgetur 
 und cum corpore mens, et vera 
 purius et acutius perspiciat." F. 
 See Veratrix. 
 
 Verba do, I deceive. That 
 is, verba mera; I give mere 
 words without deeds. 
 
 Verbascum, 
 
 Verbena, any sacred plant, 
 as laurel, myrtle, olive. Ser- 
 vius: " Verbena is properly a 
 sacred herb ; the rosemary, as 
 some think. Hence it was said 
 improperly of all sacred leaves 
 [or herbs], as the laurel, olive, 
 myrtle." Acron : " Verbena 
 sunt omnes herba frondesque 
 festae ad aras coronandas, dictas 
 quasi herben<£." That is, from 
 
502 
 
 VER- 
 
 VER 
 
 herba. Or it is from <plp/3>?, 
 which (coming from Qegfioo) 
 might mean a plant or herb, as 
 Borou/Y) from Boa), JBe/3oraj, <Psp- 
 fif]VYj, like ^eXijyrj. 
 
 Verber, a scourge, whip ; a 
 rod, stick, A beating with 
 them. Fr. ferio, whence feri- 
 ber,ferber, verber. So Tumeo, 
 Tumiber, Tuber, ^f Haigh : 
 " As made of small cords, twist- 
 ed and knit together. From 
 eipw." Or ego), whence Fspa), 
 whence veriber, verber. 
 
 Verbero, a scoundrel. Qui 
 verber a meretur. 
 
 Verbum, a word. From Ipsa), 
 spcb, to say, whence (with the 
 addition of V) verivum, vervum, 
 (as Aro, Arivum, Arvum,) and 
 for softness verbum, as from 
 popog is morVus, morBus. 
 
 Verbum, a verb. Black : 
 '.' Verb is a word which distinct- 
 ly marks the connexion which 
 we wish to give to our ideas, 
 or what we mean to say of 
 anything. Under some one or 
 other of its forms it is necessary 
 for the development of the dif- 
 ferent parts of speech ; without 
 it, either expressed or under- 
 stood, we can neither affirm nor 
 deny ; we can neither ask for 
 information, nor communicate 
 our desires." 
 
 Verecundus, bashful, modest. 
 Fr. vereor. As Iraor, (Irascor,) 
 Iracundus. 
 
 Veredus, a posthorse. For 
 veheredus, fr. veho, and reda or 
 rheda. It is sometimes written 
 verhedus. Dacier : " Hoccon- 
 firmat quod olim cursus publi- 
 cus crat vehicularis. Veredus 
 
 primo dictus equus cum curri- 
 culo; deinde, cum equis sin- 
 gulis ad cursum publicum uti 
 cceperunt, equi veredi dicti." 
 ![ Al. from $ipw, or Germ. 
 bar en. ^f Wachter compares 
 Hebr. pered, a mule ; and 
 Germ, perd, a horse. 
 
 Vereor, I respect, reverence, 
 fear. Fr. ve, and reor. I think 
 much of, I account much of. 
 Compare Rationes, accounts. 
 ^[ Todd adduces Teuton, var, 
 fear ; Norman French Jeer. 
 Wachter compares Germ, fa- 
 ren. 
 
 Veretrum, virile membrum. 
 A vereor, veritum seu veretum. 
 Ut t« aMola ab a&oos, ctl$oo$, 
 ouloiov. ^[ " A Germ, b&ren, 
 parere." W. 
 
 Vergilice, 
 
 Vergo, I verge, tend ; verge 
 towards an end. Also, I pour 
 out, i. e. facio liquorem ut ver- 
 gat. From versum ago, I drive 
 towards. ^[ Al. from ep^co, 
 whence iqyoy.on, 1 come towards, 
 or draw towards ; for Bpyo^cn is 
 from epoo, I draw, pf. epKot : as 
 we say To withdraw. 
 
 Veritas, truth. Fr. verus. 
 
 Vermiculatus, wrought in mo- 
 saic or chequer work, inlaid. 
 " Quandam habens vermiculo- 
 rum effigiem." F. 
 
 Vermina, gripings. Fr. ver- 
 to, as Torqueo, Tormina. So 
 Gr. <TTpo<po$. 
 
 Vermis, a worm. Fr. epiroo, 
 to creep ; pp. epppai, sppai. 
 As 'Eo-negu, Vespera. ^[ Al. 
 from eAjxivf, sX/u?, whence vel- 
 mis, for softness vermis. ^[ Al. 
 for verto, whence vertimis, ver- 
 
VEll- 
 
 VER 
 
 503 
 
 mis. Mis, as Men in Vermen, 
 Vermina. ^f A!, from opfux, a 
 little rope. " Ob manifestam 
 similitudinem. Sic Gr. Taiviu." 
 W. Or from og^bg, supposed 
 the same as op.aia. Hence vor- 
 mis, vermis, as vOster, v Ester. 
 If Al. from the North. Anglo- 
 Sax, wyrm, Germ, wurm, Belg. 
 worm. 
 
 Verna, 
 
 Vernaculus, born or produced 
 at home, not foreign. Fr. 
 verna. 
 
 Fertnlis, scurrilous. " Quia 
 vernas ad contumeliosas argu- 
 tias erudiebant." F. 
 
 Verriilitas, servility, affected 
 civility. Fr. verna, vernilis. 
 
 Ver no, to bud, to be verdant. 
 Fr. vermis. " Verno tempore 
 flores emitto." F. 
 
 Vernus, pertaining to spring. 
 From eagivbg, ypivog, ypvos, 
 whence vernus, as *Hg, Ver. 
 
 Vero, the same weapon as 
 veru. 
 
 Verb, but. Fr. verus. There 
 seems to be an ellipsis : Verb 
 id potius dicam, Nay rather. 
 
 Verpa, the same as veretrum ; 
 and, like veretrum, from vereor, 
 whence veriva, verva, verpa, 
 pretty much the same as Ipw, 
 Vepu>, Verivum, Vervum, Ver- 
 Bum. 
 
 Verpus, mutilatus verpam et 
 circumcisus. Sic Gr. yvibg est 
 mutilatus Ka.ta.roi yvla. Verpus 
 est etiam deditus verpa. 
 
 Verves, a boar-pig. From the 
 North. " Sax. ber, Germ, beer, 
 Longobard. pair. The West- 
 phalians still call it bar." W. 
 % Al. pro ver pes, (ut oara fit 
 
 ossa) & verpa. " A genitali quo 
 poller." V. 
 
 Verriculum, a drag-net. Fr. 
 verro. Silius : " Seu retibus 
 asquor V err ere" 
 
 Verro, I draw, drag; I sweep, 
 brush, clean. Fr. sgoo, 1 I draw ; 
 fut. egccQ, (as opw, op<roo,) /Eol. 
 eppoo, whence verro. *[[ Al. from 
 <pQsigoo, $hpo) or $8ep(ra), JEo\. 
 <pQeppu) 9 (<psppc0,) I destroy, ravage. 
 
 Verruca : See Appendix. 
 
 Verrucaria, the herb wart- 
 wort or turnsole. Pliny : M Ver- 
 rucas cum sale tollit succus e 
 folio : unde nostri verrucariam 
 herbam appellavere, aliis cogno- 
 minari effectibus digniorem." 
 
 Verrunco, Verunco, I turn 
 out. Accius : " Te invoco, 
 Portenta ut populo, patriae ver- 
 runcent bene." 'EpuKoo is to 
 drive away, to turn away. In a 
 passive sense to disappear, and 
 so to end, to turn out. Pacu- 
 vius : " Precor ut quae egi ver- 
 runcent bene." Livy uses it in 
 an active sense : *' Uti ea mini 
 populoque R. Dii bene verrun- 
 cent." Make them turn out well. 
 From epvxoo, lengthened to eppu- 
 xw, we have verruco, and ver- 
 runco, as N is added in ciNcin- 
 nus from xlxivvog, in paNgo for 
 pago, &c. Or from ansppuxoo, 
 whence 'wppuM, verruco, ver- 
 runco* 
 
 Verso, I turn, turn over ; I 
 
 1 Whence from pf. ep/cce is epxoficu. 
 (See Vergo.) Hence also ipvu, I draw, 
 ivpvs, drawn out wide, svpks, filth con- 
 tracted. Hence also ipdw, I draw out, 
 empty, evacuate ; whence Stepa/xo, and 
 (from pp. epical) tpypos, empty. See 
 Lennep. 
 
504 
 
 VER- 
 
 •VER 
 
 turn in my mind, revolve ; I 
 overturn ; I perplex, harass, i. e. 
 turn the mind upside down. Fr. 
 verto, vertsum, versum. 
 
 Versor, I frequent, haunt, 
 dwell. Fr. verso. That is, I 
 turn myself, go about, wander 
 in a place backwards and for- 
 wards. " Qui in aliquo loco 
 aut re immoratur, quodammodo 
 in eo hue et illuc sese versat, et 
 quasi volutatur aut corpore aut 
 mente/' F. So the Greeks use 
 (TTpeQopoti, (TTpca^txo^ai, noXevco, 
 and TrwA^aa;. Versor is also to 
 dwell among or have intercourse 
 with ; to dwell on a subject ; to 
 be employed or engaged about 
 a thing. 
 
 Version, Versus, towards. Fr. 
 verto, versum. So as to be 
 turned towards. Ad is some- 
 times added : Verstim ad. 
 
 Versura. Donatus explains 
 the phrase versuram facere, of 
 changing a creditor, or of bor- 
 rowing from one to pay another : 
 " a vertendo creditore, qu6d 
 debitor creditorem commutet." 
 Forcellini explains the phrase 
 otherwise : " Versuram facere, 
 nihil aliud significat qudm pecu- 
 niam mutuam cum fenore red- 
 dendam accipere. Hinc versu- 
 ram facere ab aliquo, est sim- 
 pliciter pecuniam ab aliquo su- 
 mere mutuam : versuram seu 
 versura solvere est aes alienum 
 aere alieno sive pecunia mutuo 
 sumta solvere et expungere." 
 
 Versus, a line of writing going 
 from the beginning to the end, 
 from left to right or from right 
 to left, and then (versus) turned 
 the opposite way from right to 
 
 left or from left to right, in a 
 manner called by the Greeks 
 fiovaTpoQvfiov. Or versus may 
 be understood of the stylus being 
 turned back to the next line to 
 the same side as that on which 
 the first began. Hence versus 
 is also a line of poetry, a verse : 
 a song. Also a furrow made 
 by oxen on the same principle. 
 Hence a row, rank. And a 
 kind of dance, from the rows 
 of dancers, or from their tuni- 
 ng in a particular manner. 
 
 Versus, towards. See Ver- 
 sum. 
 
 Versutus, quick, subtile, cun- 
 ning, crafty. Properly, turning 
 and shifting. " Qui facile men- 
 tem in quamlibet partem versat." 
 F. " Versutos eos appello," 
 says Cicero, " quorum celeriter 
 mens versaiur." Plautus has : 
 Versutior est qu&m rota figula- 
 ris." 
 
 Vertagus, a greyhound. 
 " From Germ, fert, a footstep," 
 says Wachter. ^f The Germ. 
 fertig, explained by Wachter 
 li promptus, expeditus," may be 
 mentioned. 
 
 Vertebra, the joints of the 
 spine. Fr. verto, as Lateo, 
 Latebrse. Because they enable 
 us to turn and bend the body. 
 
 Vertex, one of the poles. Fr. 
 verto. For about them the 
 heavens are said to turn. So 
 Gr. 7ro'Ao£ fr. rcoAecy. Also, the 
 crown or top of the head. Be- 
 cause the hairs turn there. 
 Hence, the head, and the top of 
 anything. 
 
 Verticillus, a whirl for a spin- 
 dle. Fr. verto. 
 
VER- 
 
 VES 
 
 505 
 
 Verticuhe, joints. See Ver- 
 tebrae. Also, screws in hydrau- 
 lic machines. " Vincula quae- 
 dam quibus pars una machinae 
 alteri adjungitur, ita tamen ut 
 flecti et verti possint." F. 
 
 Vertigo, a turning round ; 
 turning of the head, dizziness. 
 Fr. verto. 
 
 Verto, I turn. Fr. Tgs7roo } 
 transp. negroo, whence verto, as 
 Veru from Ilsgoo. Or, if vorto 
 is the more ancient word, fr. 
 Tg07rsoo, transp. 7ropTsa, noprvb. 
 % Al. from TreoQco, I destroy, 
 overthrow, change its natural 
 position. Hence perto, verto. 
 Or fr. Tropica, nopQw, whence 
 vortho, vorto. 
 
 Vertumnus, a God who (ver- 
 tebat) changed himself into all 
 kinds of forms like Proteus 
 among the Greeks. Some sup- 
 pose him to have been the God 
 of merchandise, fr. verto, to 
 turn goods into money. Others 
 suppose him to have been the 
 God of fruits: " qu6d anni 
 vertentis poma perciperet." F. 
 Compare Alumnus, Autunmus. 
 
 Veru, a spit. A short dart 
 with a head like a spit. Also, 
 from the form, a mark by which 
 spurious or incorrect passages 
 were noted. Veru is fr. nspw 
 fut. of iFsipoi), to transfix. Homer 
 has Tvsipav dfie\oi<ri, ofishoicri tts- 
 nctppiva. ^f Wachter mentions 
 Welsh her. 
 
 Vervactum, fallow ground 
 ploughed in the spring. Pliny : 
 " Quod vere semel aratum est, a 
 temporis argumento vervactum 
 vocatur." FY. vervago, verFago, 
 from vere ago, vere impello. 
 Etym. 
 
 Vervex : See Appendix. 
 
 Verus, true. " From the 
 Teuton, waer, weer" says Isaac 
 Vossius. " From Celt, fir" 
 says Quayle. " War, true. A 
 Celtic word. Fr. waeren, to 
 be. That which is. [As Gr. 
 hog, true, is fr. eVa» pp. of eco, 
 to be.] The same origin I at- 
 tribute to Lat. verus, the origin 
 of which is otherwise inexpli- 
 cable. See only the silly tri- 
 fling of the Latin Etymologists, 
 and this will be evident." Thus 
 Wachter. 1 However Haigh 
 makes a tolerable attempt : 
 " FY. eiga), to knit. Because 
 connected together." That 
 thing or story is generally true, 
 the parts of which are well con- 
 nected or hang well together. 
 Scheide has stumbled on the 
 same : " Verus, prim, sertus, 
 consertus, nexus." 
 
 Verutum, a kind of javelin 
 having an iron head formed like 
 a spit. Fr. veru. 
 
 Vescor,lfeed on, feed. Fr./3oV- 
 xopui, I am fed or feed ; whence 
 voscor, and vescor, as vOster, 
 vEster. % Or from /3eo/*ai, 
 whence fiso-xopou. Belopai in 
 II. X' 431, is translated by 
 Matthiaa " I shall live." «J Al. 
 from esca, or from ve esca, or 
 from vescus. 
 
 Vescus, eating much. Fr. ve, 
 
 1 Tooke, a great deriver of the Latin 
 from the North, here holds hack: " Ve- 
 rus, i. e. strongly impressed upon the 
 mind, is the contracted participle of ve- 
 reor." That is, Veritas, verms, verus. 
 But Tooke had his objects to serve, as 
 well as others : and his derivation is not 
 far from contemptible. 
 
 3 s 
 
506 
 
 VES- 
 
 VES 
 
 much, and esca. Also, eating 
 little, and therefore lean, thin, 
 weak. For ve diminishes as 
 well as increases. " Edendi 
 fastidio laborans ; atque adeo 
 minutus, gracilis, parvus." F. 
 
 Vesica, a bladder ; the skin 
 of a bladder. Fr. <pv<rct f 
 whence phusica or physica, (as 
 Arnica,) phesica, (as pTpov\xtv, 
 rEmulco,) then vesica. Wachter 
 compares the Germ, bausen, to 
 blow. 
 
 Vespa, a wasp. Fr. cr^f, 
 ace. cnpvjxa, iEol. <r<$>>j7ra, (as Au- 
 Ko$, hullo;, whence luPus,) 
 transp. <p>jcr7ra, whence vespa. 
 
 Vesper, Vesperus, the evening 
 star ; the evening. "Eo-nsqog. 
 
 Vespera, the evening. 'E<r- 
 
 Vespertllio, a bat. Ovid : 
 " Nocte volant, seroque tenent 
 a vespere nomen." Also, a 
 night-walker. 
 
 Vesperugo, the same star as 
 Vesperus. 
 
 Vespillo, one who carried out 
 dead bodies in the night. For 
 vesperillo fr. vesperus. 
 
 Vesta, the Goddess of the 
 hearth. Hence put for fire. 
 From 'Ecrriot. V prefixed, as 
 in \E<T7repa, Vesper a. Ovid states 
 that she is also the same as 
 Terra. In this sense Vesta is 
 referred to e<rraco, scttco, to stand, 
 to stand firm. 
 
 Vestdles, priestesses conse- 
 crated to the service of Vesta. 
 
 Vester, your, plural. Fr. 
 
 vos, whence voster, (as Nos, 
 
 Noster,) which is used by the 
 
 Comedians. % Al. from o~<psT£- 
 
 ansp. <ps<TTego$. 
 
 Vestibulum, a porch, court, 
 entry. 1 Perhaps, because an- 
 ciently it was usually decorated 
 with a statue of Vesta, or be- 
 cause in the porch a fire was 
 usually burning. Servius : 
 
 " Quoniam Vested consecratum 
 est." Ovid: " — Focus in pri- 
 mis asdibus ante fuit. Hinc 
 quoque vestibulum dici reor : 
 inde precando Dicimus, o Ves- 
 ta, quae loca prima tenes." 
 Vesta, Vestibulum, as from 
 Thus, Thuris, we have Thuri- 
 bulum. 
 
 Vesticeps. " Qui ad puberta- 
 te m pervenit, i. e. qui major est 
 14. annis, quod pube vestiri 
 incipiat. Cui opponitur Inves- 
 tis," F. 
 
 Vestigium : See Appendix. 
 
 Vestigo, I trace, trace out. 
 " Per vestigia inquiro." F. At 
 all events it is allied to vesti- 
 gium. 
 
 Vestio, I clothe, cover. Veste 
 te go. 
 
 Vestiplica, a lady's maid. Fr. 
 plico. As folding up and pre- 
 serving the clothes. 
 
 Vestis, a garment. Fr. scttoh 
 pp. of soo, to put on. ^f Or fr. 
 la-0>j$, whence vesthis, vestis, as 
 Xa0g«j, laTeo. 
 
 1 " Veterum de vestibulo dissensus fa- 
 cit ut suspicer, antiquitus, cum essent 
 Romuleas casae, idem fuisse Atrium et 
 Vestibulum : postea autem, cum luxuries 
 crevisset, non in atrio, sed area inter viam 
 et domum interjecta, homines, priusquam 
 admitterentur, consistere solere: indeque 
 Atrium et Vestibulum fuisse distincta, 
 quamquam diu fuerit, ut multi, re quoque 
 immutata, veterera retinerent loquendi 
 consuetudinem." V. 
 
VET- 
 
 Veterani, old or veteran sol- 
 diers. Fr. vetus, veteris. 
 
 Veterator, an old rogue, one 
 who has grown old or is long 
 practised in fraud. Fr. vetero, 
 veterasco. " Veter in astutia," 
 says Festus. 
 
 Veteretum, old fallow ground. 
 " Senio incultum et incultu ve- 
 ter atum." F. 
 
 Vettrinarius, one who cures 
 the diseases (veterinorum) of 
 beasts of burden. 
 
 Veterinus, fit for bearing bur- 
 dens or drawing carriages; ap- 
 pertaining to a beast of burden. 
 For vehiterinus fr. veho, vehi- 
 tum. iEternus (from iEtas) 
 seems to be short for iEterinus. 
 1T Al. for veclerinus fr. veho, 
 vectum. f Al. from ereu pp. 
 of sco, pono, impono. 
 
 Veternus, a lethargy. For 
 veterinus fr. vetus, veteris. il As 
 being an attendant on old age." 
 Tt. " Quod senibus potissi- 
 mum contingit." Ainsw. A me- 
 dical gentleman assures me that 
 it attacks the old in proportion 
 to the young as 10 or even 20 to 
 1. Veternus is used also of filth 
 long contracted, de situ diu col- 
 lecto ac veterato. And for anti- 
 quity. % Al. from veto, from 
 its preventing exertion. Ovid : 
 " Quern quoniam prohibent 
 anni bellare, loquendo Pugnat." 
 
 Veto, I forbid, prohibit. Fr. 
 aQsrog, dismissed, j rejected ; 
 whence a verb ucpersco, utpsrw, 
 '^erw, I dismiss or reject an 
 application. A omitted, as in 
 Rarus and Rus. % Haigh : 
 <e Fr. hog, in vain ; whence 
 Fstcxoo, Fstw, i render in vain, 
 
 VIA 
 
 507 
 
 frustrate." ^f " From ou, not, 
 and hbv, permitted." V. As 
 OT becomes V in Vae from Oucti. 
 
 Vetus, old. Fr. hog, a year. 
 That is, full of years. As Se- 
 nex from "Evog, a year. So An- 
 nosus. 
 
 Vetustas, antiquity. Fr. ve- 
 tus, as Liber, Libertas. Or 
 fr. vetustus, and this from vetus, 
 as Venus, Venustus. 
 
 Vexillum, a flag. Fr. veho, 
 vexi. Hence, a troop under one 
 flag. 
 
 Vexo, I drive up and down, 
 agitate, push, disturb, molest, 
 annoy. Fr. ve, and axo from 
 ago, axi, I drive. So Agito is 
 used. ^[ Al. from veho, vexi. 
 Gellius : " Factum a veho vi- 
 detur, in quo inest jam vis quae- 
 dam alieni arbitrii : non enim 
 sui potens est qui vehitur. Vex- 
 are autem vi atque motu procul- 
 dubio vastiore est : nam, qui 
 fertur et rapitur, atque hue illuc 
 distrahitur, is vexari propria di- 
 citur." <Pspoo was similarly used 
 in a vehement sense in ccyco xat 
 cpepoo. Brasse translates pucrrax- 
 rvg, (from puto, eppv<rrat, to drag,) 
 vexation, annoyance, ^f Al. from 
 Tnjyw, nvjlljoo, I drive in as a nail ; 
 hence punch, push, JLat. fodico. 
 
 Via, a way, road ; a mode, 
 method, which is the way by 
 which we go through a thing. 
 Fr. U, to go. V, as *Ig, Vis. 
 Or via is from vio, to go, and 
 this from Tco. ^f Or fr. oT>j, ola, 
 which (though it means a vil- 
 lage) may perhaps have meant a 
 road, like oTjxyj fr. otoo, o'la-ca, alpou. 
 H Al. for veha, (vea,) fr. 
 veho. 
 
508 
 
 VIA 
 
 VIC 
 
 Viaticum, a provision for a 
 
 journey. Fr. via. 
 
 Viator, a traveller. Fr. via, 
 
 whence vio, viavi, which is in 
 
 use. 
 
 Vibex, tcis, a weal, mark or 
 
 print of a blow or stripe. Fr. 
 
 InTc», to hurt, injure, a. 2. T/3ov. 
 
 If Or fr. 7jSu£, a print, mark. 
 
 Hesychius : "Ij3uxe$* oriypcti. 
 
 % Our word whip is allied. 
 Vibia, a stake. Fr. */3wa>, to 
 
 strike. Properly, a stick to 
 
 strike with, fustis. 
 
 Vibro, 1 brandish, move with 
 
 a tremulous motion ; hence, to 
 
 glitter, flash. Also, I hurl, 
 
 throw. Fr. piQob, (jut. 2. of 
 
 piWaj, I throw,) trarisp. Itypw, 
 
 (Compare Vinco,) whence vi- 
 
 phro, and vibro, as cly,<Pw, amBo. 
 
 'Pmr) (from phroo) is applied to 
 the twinkling of the stars, and 
 
 has every where, observes Blom- 
 
 field, the notion of vibration. 
 If Haigh : " Fr. v(3pS> for u/3p/?a>, 
 to behave with insolence. It 
 might also mean to brandish a 
 weapon in an insulting man- 
 ner." 
 
 Viburnum, the wayfaring 
 tree. For viurnum fr. vieo, as 
 Dies, Diurnum. Turton: "The 
 pliant mealy tree. So called 
 from its use in making bands." 
 Forcellini explains it " genus 
 fruticis lentum imprimis et flex- 
 ibile." B may be added as in 
 biBo. If Al. from ij3u», to 
 strike. " Quod aptum sit ad 
 caedendum." F. 
 
 Vicarius, one who supplies 
 the place of another, qui vicem 
 alicujus gerit. 
 
 Viccni, twenty. Fr. viginti, 
 
 whence viginteni, vigeni, viceni. 
 So Triceni. 
 
 Vlcesvmus, Vigtsimus, twen- 
 tieth. For vigintesimus, whence 
 vigesimus, vicesimus. 
 
 Vicia, a vetch, tare. " From 
 the Greek. Galen says it was 
 called j3/xiov by the Asiatics." 
 V. % " Bixiu, from ftfxos, a 
 pitcher ; from the shape of its 
 pods." Tt. ^f Quayle refers it 
 to Celt, pishean. % Wachter 
 notices Germ, wicke, and refers 
 to <paxY}, a lentile. 
 
 Vicies, Vigies, twenty times. 
 Fr. viginti, whence viginties, 
 contracted vigies, soft vicies. 
 Or from viginties is vities, vi- 
 cies. 
 
 Victims, neighbouring. Fr. 
 vicus. As being of the same 
 village or street as another. So 
 yshoov (for ysUrvov or ysiroov) is 
 one of the same country or re- 
 gion. We say, He is a country- 
 man of mine. 
 
 Vicis, a reciprocal succession, 
 turn. Vicibus, by turns. Red- 
 dere vicem or vices, to return 
 like for like. A nominative viz 
 formerly existed, and seems to 
 come from eTJw fut. of sUoo, to 
 be like. Or vicis is from Ikm 
 fut. 2. of s'Uoo, whence usXog, 
 like, and u-ixln, ol\x\ol, unseemly 
 treatment. Vicis implies the 
 likeness or suitableness of one 
 thing to another. Or vicis is 
 from sIkoq$, befitting : but then 
 VI should be long. If Jones : 
 H Fr. shco, to yield. That gives 
 way to another coming in order, 
 turn." f" Wachter notices the 
 Goth, wife, ordo. 
 
 Vicissim, by turns. Fr. vicis. 
 
V1C- 
 
 •VIE 
 
 509 
 
 Vicissitudo, vicissitude. Fr. 
 vicissim. 
 
 Victima, a victim. For icti- 
 ma fr. ico, ictum, to strike, ^f 
 Or fr. vinco, victum. As killed 
 on account of victory. Ovid : 
 " Victima, quae cecidit dextra 
 victrice, vacatur." ^f Or soft 
 for vinctima fr. vincio, vinctum. 
 
 Victor, a conqueror. Fr. vin- 
 co, victum. 
 
 Victoria, victory. Fr. victor, 
 oris. 
 
 Victoriatus, a silver coin. 
 Pliny: "Est signatus Victoria, 
 inde nomen." 
 
 Victus, food. Fr. vivo is 
 vivsi, vissi, then vixi, as ulyXes 
 for ulySSes. Or vixi is for 
 vivsi, as niX for niVS. From 
 vixi i. e. vicsi is victum. 
 
 Vicus, a street. Fr. olxog, a 
 house : as consisting of several 
 houses joined together. So Ol- 
 vo$, Vinum. Wachter notices 
 Anglo-Sax. wic. 
 
 Videlicet, the fact is, the case 
 is, the truth is, that is to say ; 
 hence, truly, for certain. For 
 videre licet. We say, To wit, 
 i. e. to know. 
 
 Video, I see. Fr. lUw, 
 (whence \Ua, aspect, form,) iSw, 
 fut. 2. of eTSa;, I see. 
 
 Videor, I seem, appear. That 
 is, I am seen by another in a 
 particular light. 
 
 Videsis, you may see. Vide 
 si vis. 
 
 Vidua, a widow. Fr. vi- 
 duus. 
 
 Vidulus, a leathern bag in 
 which travellers carried their 
 money and provisions. From 
 the North. " Belg. huidel, 
 
 Sax. Inf. by del, Germ, beutel. 
 From beiten, to hold, to take." 
 W. ^f Al. from <jA or qlZan, 
 whence Qeilopou and <plh^oii, to 
 spare, hence save. Ainsworth 
 has I short. 
 
 Viduo, I bereave, deprive. 
 Fr. ISiow, 'tiiub, I appropriate to 
 myself, and so take from another. 
 So bidUum for bidlum. % 
 Macrobius states that in the 
 Etruscan language iduare is to 
 divide, and thither refers viduo. 
 But iduo was perhaps nothing 
 but ]§tu> : viduo nothing but jF<- 
 §100. ^[ Wachter notices Germ. 
 ieder, unus per se ab aliis sepa- 
 ratus. 
 
 Viduus, bereft. Fr. viduo. 
 
 Vieo, 1 bind with twigs, 
 hoop. Fr. fiiotoo, I force, con- 
 strain. Or perhaps fiieoo existed 
 in the same sense, ^f Or from 
 *i$, force ; which perhaps made 
 lo$ as well as lvo$ in the geni- 
 tive. 1 
 
 Victor, a hooper, cooper. 
 Fr. vieo, vietum. 
 
 Victus, soft, flaccid, putrid. 
 Fr. vieo, vietum. That is, ca- 
 pable of binding with, and so 
 soft and flexible. Donnegan 
 translates Kuyuol^ " resembling 
 (\vyo$) osier, pliant, flexible." 
 Donatus explains vietus " flex- 
 ibilis corpore." But, as it 
 seems irregular that vietus should 
 mark a capacity, Dacier seems 
 more correct : " Vietus de vir- 
 gultis dicitur qua? marcida fiunt 
 etflaccida, postquam vientur 
 ut funium usum praastent. Glos- 
 
 1 Al. from Urn, typi, mitto, coramitto. 
 The Latins say Coramissura, a joining. 
 
510 
 
 VIG- 
 
 ■VIN 
 
 sse : Vietum, [lepugoKrpBVov, mar- 
 cidum." 
 
 Vigeo, I am brisk, vigorous, 
 strong, i thrive. For vegeo, as 
 liber on the authority of Quin- 
 tilian was formerly lEber. Var- 
 ro explains veget, " agilis, prom- 
 tus, alacris est." % Al. from 
 Icr^uw, I am strong; whence 
 i%uw, Vi%6a), viguo. 
 
 Vigies : See Vicies. 
 
 Vigil, watchful. Fr. vigeo, 
 to be brisk, fresh, lively. " Qui 
 «on est torpens, quales sunt 
 dormientes, sed in vigore et 
 actu suo est." F. So Ago, 
 Agilis. ^f ® r &§&** ls from ve 
 agilis, whence veigilis, (as Ago, 
 Ex Igo,) vigilis. Very active. 
 
 Vlginti, twenty. For biginti 
 from bis and ginti. Or for did- 
 ginti, whence biginti, as DUel- 
 lum, Bellum. Ginti seems of 
 the same orioin as pint a in Tri- 
 ginta, Sexaginta. Triginta was 
 for Trigonta from the xovrcx. in 
 rpKxxovrcx.. So Imbris was from 
 "Opfipog, and clnis from xOvig. 
 ^f Vossius supposes that viginti 
 is from the iEol. fislxuTi for 
 elxoai. Thus it will be put for 
 vicati, vigati, viganti : N being 
 inserted, as in Mando, &c. Or 
 it may be still for vigonti fr. 
 elxoTi. 
 
 Vigor, vigor. Fr. vigeo. 
 
 Vzlis, cheap, of little value, 
 vile. Fr. <pav\oe, whence <pv\oc t 
 phi/is, (as QpTycu, frigo,) then 
 vilis, as we say Vial for Phial. 
 A may be omitted in <$uv\o$, as 
 O is omitted in Musa from 
 Movo-a, Mv(ru. Our Fist is in 
 German Faust. 
 
 Villa, a country-seat ; a farm- 
 
 house with its appurtenances. 
 From vicus, whence vicilla, vil- 
 la. Villa was a number of 
 buildings joined together and 
 belonging to one person. Hence 
 it was a little vicus. ^f Al. from 
 ota, a street; whence oiula, 
 oiilla, villa, as Ohos, Vinum. 
 ^f Al. for vehilla. " Quod in 
 earn fructus ex arvis convehun- 
 tur." F. % Quayle refers to 
 Celt. bailU. 
 
 Villicus, the overseer (villa) 
 of a farm, steward. Also, rus- 
 tic, rural. 
 
 Villum, small wine. Fr. vi- 
 num, vinulum. 
 
 Villus, a tuft of hair, tufted 
 or shaggy hair. Forcellini : 
 " Non proprie pilus, sed multo- 
 rum pilorum collectio, et quidam 
 quasi floccus." Fr. 1x\w, to 
 roll or twist together. " Pilus 
 convolutus." V. % Al. from 
 7ri\dw, mXco, to stuff close. 
 Whence a word 7rlXo$, pilulus, 
 pillus, villus, ^f "A vinnus, 
 cincinnus, molliter flexus," says 
 Isidorus. Hence vinnulus, vil- 
 lus. But whence this vinnus? 
 
 Vimen, a wicker rod. (i Flex- 
 ile et aptum ad viendum i. e. 
 ligandum." F. Men, as in 
 JNomen. 
 
 Vinaceum, a grape-stone. 
 That is, acinum. Vinaceus is 
 pertaining to (vinum) wine or 
 that which makes wine. Vina* 
 cea are also the husks of grapes 
 which have been squeezed to 
 make wine. 
 
 Vinca pervinca, the herb pe- 
 riwinkle. Pliny : " Herba to- 
 piaria, perpetuo virens, humi 
 serpens, et in modum funiculi 
 
VIN- 
 
 VIO 
 
 51) 
 
 sese porrigens, tenuibus sar- 
 mentis quaeque vinciens, veteri- 
 bus inopiam florum supplere so- 
 lita. Ita dicta quia semper vi- 
 reat, aerisque injurias vincat et 
 pervincat." Turton : " Fr. 
 vincio. From its usefulness in 
 making bands." The words 
 above " tenuibus sarmentis quae- 
 que vinciens" may confirm this 
 last. 
 
 Vincio: See Appendix. 
 
 Vinco, I conquer, prevail. 
 Also, I show, prove. That is, 
 I conquer my adversary by ar- 
 gument, and so succeed in pro- 
 ving what I want. Plautus : 
 " Vincon' argumentis te non esse 
 Sosiam r'' Vinco is from vixaoo, 
 vixu>, transp. Ivxw, inco, vinco, 
 ^f AI. for vico, (the perfect is 
 vici,) from elxoo, whence ico, I 
 strike, beat. 
 
 Vinculum, a chain. Fr. vin~ 
 cio. 
 
 Vindemia, a gathering of 
 grapes to make wine. Also, of 
 other things. That is, qua de- 
 mimus de vinea . Or qua demi- 
 mus vineas ; for vinea is used of 
 a vine as well of a vineyard, ^f 
 Some explain it, qua demimus ut 
 vinum faciamus. If Al. for vit- 
 demia i. e. qu& demimus vites. 
 
 Vindex, vindicis, an avenger. 
 Fr. vindico. 
 
 Vindicm, a claim of posses- 
 sion, litigation to claim a right, 
 actual possession. Fr. vindico. 
 
 Vindico, 1 avenge, punish. 
 Also, I lay claim to. From a 
 word svhixeoo, hhxth, same as 
 extiixscoj IxSjxw, which is used in 
 all the above senses. Hence 
 vendico, vindico. Vindico is 
 
 also to rescue, liberate, protect. 
 Those, whom we avenge, we 
 protect and rescue from op- 
 pression. Vindico aliquem in 
 libertatem, is to rescue from 
 slavery and bring into liberty. 
 
 Vindicta, revenge. For vin- 
 dicata fr. vindico. Also, a de- 
 liverance. Also, a rod which 
 the lictor placed on a person's 
 head in order to make him free. 
 See vindico. 
 
 Vinea, a place planted with 
 vines, a vineyard. Also, a vine. 
 Contracted from vitiginea. ^f 
 Al. from vinum. As pertaining 
 to wine. As olvq from ohog. 
 
 Vinea, a shed or mantlet 
 under cover of which soldiers 
 besieged towns. Forviminea; 
 as made of osier twigs. Ca?sar : 
 " Tanta erat multitudo tormen- 
 torum, ut eorum vim nullae con- 
 textae viminibus vinea sustinere 
 possent." % Al. from vinea, a 
 vine. " Ad similitudinem vitis 
 compluviatse," F. It is called 
 Vitis by Lucilius. 
 
 Vinitor, a vinedresser. Vi- 
 nea cultor. 
 
 Vinnulus, Vinulus : See Ap- 
 pendix. 
 
 Vinolentus, given to wine. 
 Fr. vinum. As Lutulentus. 
 
 Vinum, wine. Fr. oho$. V, 
 as in */?, Vis. Vossius notices 
 the Hebrew and Punic jain. 
 Todd the Saxon win. 
 
 Vio, I go. Fr. via. Or fr. 
 lay. 
 
 Viola, a violet. A diminu- 
 tive from lov. Somewhat as 
 Parva, Parvula. 
 
 Violens, violent. Fr. /3/a, 
 force ; whence biolens, as Opis, 
 
512 
 
 vro 
 
 VIR 
 
 Opulens. ^f Al. from vis. Or 
 say from \$, gen. hog, and per- 
 haps log. 
 
 Violo, I injure, mar, spoil, 
 defile. Fr. /3/«, force ; as Vio- 
 lens is from |3/a. ^f Or, if Vio- 
 lens is from Vis, then violo can 
 be from vis. ■* Vi illata quae 
 integra sunt corrumpo." F. 
 
 Viptra, a viper. Fr. faroo, 
 Inov, FIttov, to hurt, ^f Or for 
 viripera : quod parit virus. Or 
 for vifera: qu6d fert virus. 
 ^f Al. for vivipara. (i Quia 
 sola e serpentium genere dicitur 
 parere vivum animal." F. 
 
 Vir, viri, a man in opposi- 
 tion to a woman; a husband in 
 opposition to a wife. The male 
 of other animals. A man of 
 bravery or other excellence. 
 Fr. % strength; iEol. % 
 whence vir, as *Ig, Vis. ^f Or 
 vir is to be sought elsewhere. 
 Wachter : <f Germ, wer, Lat. 
 vir. A very ancient word, dis- 
 seminated by the Scythians and 
 Celts in Asia and Europe. That 
 the Scythians called a man aor 
 appears from the compound u\- 
 ognaToi'm Herod. 4, 1 10. 1 Bax- 
 ter says that the Armenians call 
 a man or male alp. The Celts 
 call a man ur. The Welsh gwr 
 is vir, mas. That the Germans 
 in the most ancient times called 
 a man by the same or a similar 
 word, is manifest from the most 
 ancient dialects. In Goth, wair, 
 
 1 Tcts Se 'Afxafypas Ka\eovTi pi ~2,Kv6ai 
 OlSpirara' duparat. 8e rb ovvofia tovto 
 Kara 'EWdSa yXSoaaav 'ApdpoicrSvoi. 
 Olbp yap KaXiovm rbv avdpa, rb 5e Ilara, 
 
 Anglo-Sax. wer, Irish fair, 
 fearJ\ Quayle mentions the 
 Celtic ferr. 
 
 Virago, a woman having the 
 qualities of a man. Quse virum 
 agit. 
 
 Vireo : See Appendix. 
 
 Vireo, a witwal. See Galbu- 
 lus. 
 
 Vires, ium, strength. From vis, 
 as Mus, Mures ; Flos, Flores. 
 ^f Al. for vines, (as fciNhg, di- 
 Rus,) from hsg, plural of %$, 
 strength, ^f Or perhaps % made 
 in the genitive log, as well as hog, 
 and in the plural 'leg, whence 
 ViRes, as woe, nuRus. 
 
 Virga, a young or small 
 branch, whether attached to a 
 tree or not ; a switch, rod ; a 
 staff, wand. Hence a stripe or 
 streak, like Gr. paffiog. The 
 virga was carried by the lictor, 
 and was hence used for magis- 
 tracy. Virga is fr. vireo, whence 
 virica, virca, virga. As from 
 QuKXco is QtxWog, a sprig or branch . 
 % Al. from slgyoo, to drive or 
 keep off. 
 
 Virgo, mis, a virgin or dam- 
 sel. Sometimes, though very 
 rarely, it is said of one married, 
 as in Virg. Eel. 6, 47- As we 
 say Spinster, that is, Spinning- 
 woman, for damsel — so the 
 Greeks might say a working 
 woman under the same idea. 
 From epyw might be epyav)g, 
 (same as spyavvi,) which could 
 produce verginis, (as f^a^Ava, 
 machlna,) virginis. Or §pyoov 
 might be used as both mascu- 
 line and feminine, and from epycov 
 could be vergo, virgo. Homer : 
 Kovpqv 8* ou yu\hiQj 'Ayapep- 
 
VIR- 
 
 VIS 
 
 513 
 
 vovog, oo5' sl spy a, 'AQyimIyj y\atv- 
 xai7r$i l<ro<papiZoi. And in 11. I, 
 128, some editions read, Aaxrca 
 8' STtTot, yvvouxoig upvpovcig, spy 
 eftvixg. 1 % Al. from vireo, 
 whence viri go, virgo. Ob vi- 
 rentem aetatem. " Virgo inter- 
 dum dicitur de ea quae virum 
 passa est. Notat enim non tarn 
 integritatem quam viridem aeta- 
 tem." F. 
 
 Virgultum, a shrub. For 
 virguletum, fr. virgula. So 
 Salicis, Salicetum, Salictum. 
 Forcellini defines virgultum 
 " multitudo virgarum pullulan- 
 tium." 
 
 Viria, a bracelet. Pliny : 
 a Viriola Celtics dicuntur : vi- 
 ricz Celtiberica?." Hence viria 
 seems to be a Spanish word. 
 And Isidorus will be wrong who 
 deduces it fr. vir, viri: as being 
 a reward to the brave. And 
 those who refer it to stgco, to 
 weave, entwine. And others 
 who refer it to vireo, as made of 
 green precious stones. 
 
 Vinculum, 
 
 Viridis, green ; fresh. Fr. 
 vireo, to be verdant. 
 
 Virilis, manly. Fr. vir, 
 viri. 
 
 Viritim, severally. In viros, 
 per singulos viros. 
 
 Virtus, bravery ; any excel- 
 lent quality. Cicero : " Appei- 
 lata est a viro virtus: viri antern 
 propria maxime est fortitudo." 
 Vir is here used in a sense of 
 eminence. Cicero : u Te oro 
 
 1 I am obliged for the above derivation 
 to my learned friend, Mr. Monck, of 
 Reading. 
 
 Etym. 
 
 colligas virumque praebeas." 
 From viri is viritus, (as Servus, 
 Servitus,) virtus. The Greeks 
 say avtyslot for bravery. 
 
 Virus, vital juice, sperm. Ap- 
 plied to the juice of serpents, it 
 means poison, and is referred to 
 any poisonous juice, taste, or 
 smell. Fr. vires, power, vigor, 
 or from the same origin as vires» 
 Nagel : " His omnibus rebus 
 significatio quaedam roboris seu 
 principii vital is inest." Essen- 
 tial vigor, ^f Al. from log, poi- 
 son ; V prefixed as in Vis, and 
 R inserted as in nuRus, uRo. 
 But the first senses of this word 
 do not easily follow from hence. 
 
 Vis, force, might. Ft. '}$, as 
 'Idea), Video. 
 
 Viscum, Viscus, the mistletoe ; 
 birdlime made from it. Fr. 
 ]%bg, i. e. Ixtrbg, transp. Wx.bg, 
 whence viscus, as *Ig, Vis. 
 
 Viscus, his, a bowel or en- 
 trail. Viscera, the entrails; the 
 belly; the womb. An off- 
 spring, proceeding from the 
 womb. Fr. Tcrp^cu, to contain. Or 
 from Qurxog, considered the 
 same as <p6o-xY}, which is used for 
 the lower belly and also the 
 larger intestine. But viscera is 
 also the flesh. Servius: " Sunt 
 quicquid inter ossa et cutem." 
 As in Cicero : " Spartae pueri 
 sic verberibus accipiuntur, ut 
 multus e visceribus sanguis ex- 
 eat." In this sense viscus is 
 referred to \<ryyg, strength. Or 
 to Tcr%co, to adhere. Others sup- 
 pose it put for vescus from ves- 
 cor. 
 
 Viso, I see, come to see. Fr. 
 video, visum. 
 
 3 T 
 
514 
 
 vis- 
 
 V1T 
 
 Visula, 
 
 Visum, a vision, apparition. 
 Fr. video, vidsum, visum. 
 
 Vita, life. Fr. vivo, vivi- 
 tum, whence vivita, vita, that 
 which is lived. So Voveo, Vo- 
 vitum, Votum. ^f Al. from 
 
 filOTY}. 
 
 Vitellus, a little calf. Fr. 
 vitulus. 
 
 Vitellus : See Appendix. 
 
 Vitex, a kind of withy. Of 
 the same origin as Vitis and 
 Vimen. 
 
 Vitilena, a vile bawd. " Vi- 
 tiosa lena. A vitium et lena." 
 F. See Vitilitigo. 
 
 Vitiligo, a cutaneous erup- 
 tion called the morphew. Fr. 
 vitium, as Fumus, Fumiligo, 
 whence Fuligo ; Udus, Udiligo, 
 whence Uligo. % e< Fr. vitulus, 
 veal. Because of the whiteness 
 of the skin and flesh." Tt. The 
 Greeks, says Festus, call it 'A\- 
 <po£, we Albus. 
 
 Vitilis, good for tying or 
 binding with ; flexible. Hence 
 vitilia are twigs or wicker work. 
 For vietilis fr. vieo, vietum. 
 
 Vitilitigo, I wrangle for vi- 
 tious or base purposes ; I de- 
 tract basely. " Vitilitigator, 
 qui sola pravitate contentionem 
 quaerit, vitiosus litigator.' 9 F. 
 
 Vitio, I spoil, mar. Vitium 
 rei infero. 
 
 Vitis, a vine. Fr, vieo, vie- 
 tum, vitum. " Either because 
 it requires to be tied or bound 
 to something : or because it is 
 easily bent and useful for bind- 
 ing with." F. " Quia compre- 
 hensa vincit, et ligamenti instar 
 flexibilis est." Wachter, who 
 
 explains the old Germ, bieten 
 " cogere quocunque modo." Vi- 
 tis was also a vine sapling car- 
 ried by centurions, and therefore 
 the office of a centurion. 
 
 Vitium, fault, blemish, 
 wrong, vice, defect. Fr. cutm, 
 fault, guilt, used like alr/a, and 
 the neuter of curios, faulty, 
 guilty. So from 'Asvrog we have 
 Ventus, from Ohog Vinum. 51 
 Wachter notices Anglo-Sax. wi- 
 tan, to blame. 
 
 Vito, I beware of, shun. Fr. 
 Qs'tica, whence Qslfopcu, I spare, 
 spare myself. Parco is used in 
 much the same sense. 
 
 Vitreus, transparent or frail as 
 {vitrum) glass. 
 
 Vitricus, a step-father. For 
 vatricus fr. nctrpnco's. So some 
 derive llmpidus from XApirco. 
 ^f Al. for vitrigus, and this for 
 vicepatrigus, qui vicem patris 
 agit. 
 
 Vitrum, glass. Also woad, 
 as dyeing with a color like that 
 of glass. Isaac Vossius refers 
 to Hesychius : Alrvgov, vctXov. 
 From airvpov, curpov, will be vi- 
 trum, as from 'Aivros is Ventus, 
 from Olvos Vinum. ^f Or fr. 
 vireo, to be green ; whence viri- 
 tum, viritrum, vitrum. % Al. 
 from video, viditum, whence vi- 
 ditrum, (as Araturn, Aratrum ; 
 Rutum, Rutrum,) then vitrum. 
 As being seen through or trans- 
 parent. 
 
 Vitta, a fillet, ribband. From 
 vieo, say most of the etymolo- 
 gists. If so, from vieo, vietum, 
 whence vietica, (as in Manica,) 
 vitica, (as Vitilis for Vietilis,) 
 then vitca, vitta. Or from vi- 
 
V I I'- 
 
 ll LC 
 
 £15 
 
 tis, considered as meaning any- 
 thing flexible ; whence vitica. 
 ^] Or vitta is fr. jx/ttoj, ex- 
 plained by Hesychius <reipoi, a 
 chain. As Vix for Mix. *[f 
 Or from the North. " Germ. 
 wette, wied, weid, a chain, band. 
 Dan. vidde is a withy band. 
 Germ, wetten is to bind, tie: 
 allied to which is Engl, wed." 
 W. 
 
 Vitulor, I rejoice. Nonius : 
 " Dictum a bonse vita commo- 
 do : sicut, qui nunc est in sum- 
 ma laetitia, vivere eum dici- 
 mus." Dacier : " Vita inter- 
 dum laetitiam et lubentiam sig- 
 nat." We have Ustulo from 
 Ustum. Macrobms states that 
 Hyllus said that Vitula was a 
 Goddess who presided over 
 pleasure. But Vitula would 
 rather come from vitulor. ^[ 
 Al. from vitulus. That is, I 
 skip about like a calf, and so 
 exult, as Exult is from Salio. 
 But I is long, ^f Or from »ra- 
 Xog, a calf, was hotkoof&ou, hot- 
 Xovpou, to leap like a calf; whence 
 vitulor. 
 
 Vitulus, a bull-calf; a bul- 
 lock. A sea-calf. The young 
 of other animals. Fr. 'itu\o$, 
 which Hesychius explains vsog, 
 airuXog, young, tender, ^f Or 
 from hotKog, which Hesychius 
 explains a bull. Forcellini 
 says : " Ab huXbg, .bos." 
 Haigh says : " Fr. hot\og, from 
 fans, bold." 
 
 Vitupero, I blame, censure. 
 " For vitium paro." F. Some- 
 what as we sav, To find 
 fault. 
 
 Vivarium, a place where (vi- 
 
 va) live animals are kept, as a 
 fish-pond, warren, park. 
 
 Viverra, a ferret. For vi- 
 viterra, as living under ground. 
 
 Vividus, lively, vigorous. Fr. 
 vivo, as Frigeo, Frigidus. 
 
 Vivo, I live. Fr. /3io«, /3»w, 
 whence vio, and vivo, as oi§ 9 
 oVis. So Tim, Bio, BiBo. 
 Wachter refers to Armor, byw, 
 to live, and Wesh 'byw, life. 
 
 Vivus, alive. Fr. vivo. 
 
 Fix, scarcely. From poyig, 
 JEol. pvyig, pvys, whence myx 
 or mix, then bix or vix. Thus 
 MoKyog became BoKyog, Mup^ 
 Bupw%, whence Formica. For 
 M, B, F, V are letters of similar 
 organic sound, ^f As Gr. poyig, 
 scarcely, is from poyoig, with 
 toils : so vix might be expressed 
 by " cunctis viribus " or viribus 
 alone, by exertions. Now, as 
 perhaps from viVSi is viXi, and 
 as from nivis, niVS, is niX ; so 
 from viribus, cut down to vibs, 
 might be vix. " Vix fit quod 
 cum labore fit, ita ut summis 
 anniti viribus oporteat." V. 
 
 Vixi, I have lived. See Vic- 
 tus. 
 
 Ulciscor, I revenge. Fr. 
 oWvxco, I destroy; mid. 6k\6- 
 xofiui, whence ollucor, olcor, 
 ulcor, and ulciscor. " Vindiclae 
 gratia aliquem perditum eo." 
 V. fl Or ulciscor is from ul- 
 cus, a sore. As we say to be 
 sore about a thing, so ulciscor 
 might mean to be sore against, 
 and so to revenge. Ulciscor 
 would take an accusative, after 
 the Greek construction of xoV- 
 Tso-Qcti, TV7TTS(r$oii, t( to bewail." 
 So Plango, that is, Plango me, 
 
16 
 
 ULC- 
 
 ULU 
 
 takes an accusative. Ovid : 
 " Deplanxere domum." 
 
 Ulcus, a sore, ulcer. Fr. 
 sKxos, whence some read Hul- 
 cus. But the iEolians frequent- 
 ly dropt the aspirate, as in yXios 
 for yj\lO$. 
 
 Ulex, 
 
 Uligo, the natural moisture 
 of the earth. Fr. udus, whence 
 udiligo, uligo, as Fumus, Fu- 
 miligo, Fuligo. 
 
 Ullus, any. Fr. units, whence 
 unulus, unlus, vllus. Thus ul- 
 lus is any the least : They would 
 not bear any the least insult. 
 
 Ulmus: See Appendix. 
 
 Ulna, the arm. Also, a cubit 
 measure. Fr. «5Aev>j, cqXvyj, 
 whence olna, ulna. 
 
 Ulpicum, African garlic. Co- 
 lumella says that it is called by 
 some allium Punicum. What 
 if this should be its derivation ? 
 By cutting down we should 
 have al/ipunicum, alpunicum, 
 alpicum, then ulpicum, as from 
 "ApfiMv is Umbo. 
 
 Uls, beyond. " It was for- 
 merly ultis, whence ultra/' says 
 Foreellmi. Or uls was for ul- 
 tepis (locis), from ulter. But 
 rather, uls is from ollis i. e. 
 in lllis locis, opposed to " in 
 his locis." Hence oils, ols, 
 uls. 
 
 Ulterior, further, further off. 
 Fr. uls, whence ulster, as Sub, 
 Subter; Prae, Praeter. From 
 ulster, ulter, might be formed 
 ulterus, whence ulterior. So 
 Inter, Interns, Interior. 
 
 Ultimus, furthest, last. Fr. 
 ulter, ulterior, whence ulterri- 
 mus, ultimus. 
 
 Ultio, revenge. Fr. ulciscor, 
 i. e. u/cor or ulcior, ulctus, ul- 
 tus. 
 
 Ultra, on the further side. 
 For uliera parte. See Ulte- 
 rior. 
 
 Ultro, voluntarily. For vuU 
 tro from volo, volitum, voltum, 
 whence voltro, vultro. ^f Al. fr. 
 eXsvQegoo (TpG7rcjo) f freely ; cut 
 down to svXQepw, ulthero, ulthro, 
 ultro. 
 
 Ultro citroque, on this side 
 and on that, to and fro. That 
 is, ultero citeroque itinere, gres- 
 su, &c. 
 
 Ulva, sedge. Fr. eXsiog, IXe/«, 
 marshy ; whence eliva, elva, 
 ulva, as in "EKkos, Ulcus. For- 
 cellini explains ulva " herba 
 palustris, quae in fluvio ac 
 palude nascitur." If Al. from 
 udus, whence udiva, udva, ulva. 
 Or from oSoc, water, mois- 
 ture. 
 
 Ulula, an owl. Belg. uyL 
 " Ab ululo, flebilem mces- 
 tunique son u m edo. Ut Gr. 
 oAoXuywv ab okoXv^oo." F. 
 " Germ, eule, Anglo-Sax. ule." 
 W. 
 
 Ululo, I shriek, howl. Fr. 
 okoXu^oo. % Or, as ulula seems 
 properly said of dogs and wolves, 
 from vXacti, uXw, to howl ; re- 
 dupl. ululo, as from IloXvg is 
 Popolus, Populus. ^f Vossius 
 notices Hebr. jalal or yalal : 
 and Belg. huylen. VVachter 
 notices Icel. yla. 1 
 
 1 Quayle: tl Ululo is the exact ex- 
 pression of grief by an Irish mourner." 
 That is. it is a Celtic word. 
 
ULY- 
 
 UND 
 
 517 
 
 Ulysses, Ulysses. From 'OSucr- 
 vebg, whence Udys^es, (as in Ut 
 from "On,) then Ulysses, as in 
 Alacer, Oleo. 
 
 Umbella, a little shade. For 
 umbrella. 
 
 Umbilicus, the navel ; the 
 middle of anything. Fr. <fyt,$a- 
 Kog, whence ombilus, [as in 
 apfpia, am Bo; and in ^ot^Avoi, 
 machlna,] then umbilus, and 
 umbilicus, as in Amicus. Urn- 
 bilicus is also a kind of cockle, 
 wrinkled, says Ainswortb, like 
 the navel. " Marina cochlea, 
 cujus testa rotunda et contorta 
 similitudinem quandam habet 
 cum umbilico hominis." F. 
 Also, a taper stick made of cedar, 
 &c. round which a book was 
 rolled. Because, when the book 
 was folded, the stick was in the 
 middle of it. Forcellini adds : 
 i( Vel, quod psene eodem re- 
 cidit, umbilici dicta? sunt bacilli 
 partes extremze, quae hinc inde 
 exstabant, convoluto volumine." 
 Pliny uses this word in other 
 metaphorical senses. 
 
 Umbo, the boss of a shield ; 
 a shield. Also, any round pro- 
 minence. Fr. upfiwv, which 
 among the iEolians was written 
 opficov, as^Axpog^Oxpog ; "Ayxog, 
 "Oyxog. 
 
 Umbra, a shade, shadow. A 
 phantom, mere shadow. A 
 color, pretext. An uninvited 
 guest, who accompanied a great 
 man to a feast, and followed 
 him, as a shadow follows the 
 body. Umbra is fr. oppY}, op<pvct, 
 darkness, transp. ov(ppa, whence 
 for softness o^pot, ombra, (as 
 «jtA^co, am Bo), then umbra, ^f 
 
 Al. from oppgog, a shower, as 
 darkening the sky. 
 
 Umbra, some fish. "From 
 its black color, says Varro. Or 
 from certain oblique lines which 
 go fiom its back, and are mixed 
 up of gold and darker ones, 
 which seem shadows of the for- 
 mer. One is clear, then follows 
 a dark one ; and so on from the 
 head to the tail, as Rondolet 
 says. The Greeks similarly 
 call it vxiolivcl from <ix\k. Ovid 
 says of them : Corporis umbra 
 Liventis." F. By the Greeks 
 it was called also <rxiati\g and 
 a-xiuhug. Donnegan says it is 
 " a kind of flat fish, remarkable 
 for swimming rapidly, gliding 
 as it were like a shadow." 
 The Greeks called it also crxe- 
 7ravof, i. e. covered or shaded. 
 
 Umbraculum, a shady bower. 
 Fr. umbro, I shade. 
 
 Una, all together, all at once. 
 That is, una opera, una via, una 
 sede. 
 
 Uncia, an ounce. Hence the 
 twelfth part of any whole. Fr. 
 ovyxlu, which Pollux states was 
 a Sicilian word. Turton notices 
 Arab. ukia. And Lhuyd the 
 Irish unsa. 
 
 Uncinus, a hook. Fr. oyxi- 
 vog. Or from uncus, as Divus, 
 Divinus. 
 
 Uncus, a hook ; an iron drag 
 hooked at the end ; an anchor. Fr. 
 oyxog, which was so used. The 
 Greeks said also oyxy, oyxivog. 
 
 Uncus, hooked, curved. See 
 above. 
 
 Unda, a wave. Fr. o»8aa>, 
 oldciivoo, to swell ; whence o'ftotvog, 
 dltivos, oltoot, swelling; transp. 
 
518 
 
 UND- 
 
 ■UNI 
 
 olv&a, then unda, as pUnio from 
 7rOIvv}. Euripides has olfy' dXog. 
 So xupot is fr. xuco, to swell, ^f 
 Al. from oldfiot, same as unda. 
 Hence olphct, for softness olvSa. 
 If Wachter says : <e Latinos a 
 Celtica voce don, aqua, unda, 
 formasse per metath. (i. e. ond,) 
 unda, Francos und, quivis abs- 
 que monitore intelligit." 1 
 
 Unde, whence. Fr. evQevtis, 
 (which Donnegan translates 
 " from whence " as well as 
 " from thence,") whence evds, 
 and wide, as "E\xog, Ulcus, ^f 
 Al. from evQev, hQe. % Or from 
 d>v 8s. That is, If owv §s tokom. 
 
 Undecumque, from what place 
 soever. For undequocumque, 
 whence-soever. A quocumque 
 loco unde fieri potest. 
 
 Undeviginti, nineteen. Unus 
 de viginti. 
 
 Undique, from all parts, from 
 all sides. Fr. undecumque, un- 
 deque, then undique, as protE- 
 nus, protlnus. 
 
 Undo, I abound. From the 
 notion of waters rising in surges, 
 and spreading themselves around. 
 See Abundo. 
 
 Unedo: See Appendix. 
 
 Ungo, Unguo, 1 smear, daub ; 
 I bathe, moisten. Fr. ey%£w, 
 tyx®> or tyx^ 00 * ^ pour in, in- 
 fuse. Thus ruig sTTicrroXaig Sa- 
 xpvot &f/£iv is to bathe letters 
 with tears. U for E, as in^EX- 
 xo$, Ulcus. 
 
 Unguen, Unguentum, any fat 
 odorous liquor for anointing with. 
 Fr. ungo, unguo. 
 
 Unguis, a nail, claw, talon. 
 
 1 Al. from svSOw, (ev0«,) to agitate. 
 
 A vintage-hook. rt Also, a col- 
 lection of matter in the pupil of 
 the eye, in the shape of a man's 
 nail." Tt. Unguis is fr. ovv%, 
 ovu^og, transp. ov^vog, whence 
 onguis, unguis. % Al. from 
 oyxog, a hook. As being curved 
 or crooked. ^[ Quayle refers to 
 Celt, ionga. 
 
 Ungula, a hoof; also, a claw, 
 talon, like Unguis, which is 
 used also of a hoof. " Ungula 
 is not from unguis ; but, as un- 
 guis is from ovv^og, so unga is 
 from accus. ww/ct, and thence 
 ungula." V. Or from a word 
 unx, ungis, fr. ovuj, ovf. ^] Or 
 from uyx6\r„ curved. As "Ap- 
 /Scov, Umbo. 
 
 Ungula, an instrument of tor- 
 ture, resembling the (ungulas) 
 talons of wild beasts. 
 
 Ungulus, a ring. " From 
 uncus, whence unculus, ungu- 
 lus. Because it is curved." V. 
 Or fr. uyxvhog. See Ungula. 
 
 Unicus, only, alone, single ; 
 incomparable ; singularly dear. 
 Fr. units. As Tetrus, (that is, 
 Teter,) Tetricus. fl A\. from 
 kvixog, as Unus from 'Evo$. 
 
 Unio, the number one. Fr. 
 unus. Also, a union of many 
 things into one. Also, a species 
 of onion or scaliion. Colu- 
 mella : " Pompeianam caepam, 
 vel etiam Marsicam simplicem, 
 quam vocant unionem rustici, 
 eligito. Ea est autem quae non 
 fructicavit, nee habuit soboles 
 adhaerentes." Forcellini calls it 
 " unicaulis." Also, a pearl. 
 " Because," says Turton, " there 
 is never more than one found 
 in the same shell." This is not 
 
UNI- 
 
 VOL 
 
 5\g 
 
 true. Rather, because there 
 are never two alike in the same 
 shell. Pliny : " Dos omnis in 
 candore, magnitudine, orbe, 
 pondere, haud promptis rebus : 
 in tantum ut nulli duo reperian- 
 tur iNDiscKETi: unde nomen 
 unionum Romanae imposuere 
 deliciae." Vossius thinks it may 
 be called from its resemblance 
 to the scallion, mentioned 
 above. 
 
 Universus, entirely all, all 
 together. Ab omni parte ver- 
 sus in unum. 
 
 Unquam, at any time. Short- 
 ened from unam aliquam, or 
 unam quanquam, i. e. horam, 
 diem, or partem, or rem. Se- 
 cundum being understood. 
 Compare Ali&s. ^f Or for 
 unicam, whence uncam, un- 
 quam. 
 
 Unus, one, alone. Fr. olvoj, 
 alone. Hesychius explains ol- 
 vat^siv by povoi^siv, and oIvcovtix. by 
 fiovYipr). If Al. from evo$ gen. of 
 gȣ. As "E\xo$, Ulcus. But 
 then U should rather be short. 
 ^f Wachter notices Germ, ein, 
 Belg. een, Welsh un, Anglo-Sax. 
 an, Goth. ains. 
 
 Unxia, the Goddess who pre- 
 sided over anointings. Fr. un- 
 go, unxx. 
 
 Vocabulum, a name by which 
 a thing (vocatur) is called. A 
 noun. 
 
 Vocalis, having (vocem) a 
 voice ; having a loud voice. 
 
 Vociferor, I cry aloud. Vo- 
 cem longe fero. 
 
 Voco, 1 call to, call ; sum- 
 mon ; invite. Fr. /3oaco, fiooo, I 
 call upon, cry aloud to. Hence 
 
 voo, (as Biu>, Vivo,) then voco, as 
 
 <77T60£, SpeCuS. 
 
 Voconia pyra : See Appen- 
 dix. 
 
 Vola, the palm of the hand, 
 and sole of the foot. Fr. Ao/3>j, 
 a hand, transp. /3oA>j, whence 
 vola. Hesychius: Aofiotr %sipe$. 
 *] Wachter : " Loja occurs in 
 the sense of vola mauus among 
 the Goths in the version of Ul- 
 philas in Mark 14, 65. The 
 Suecian lofwen even now signi- 
 fies the same thing." Lofa 
 transposed is fola, vola. If Vos- 
 sius : " From @o\yj, a cast. Be- 
 cause, what is thrown, is laid 
 hold of by this part." Lf foXr) 
 could mean a hit or blow, then 
 vola might be compared with 
 Qsmp, the palm of the hand, fr» 
 0£vo> fut. of Qelva), I strike. Pe- 
 tronius: "Os hominis palm a 
 excussissima pulsat." 1f Al. 
 from tcolXw fut. of iraXXoo, allied 
 to which is 7raXapj, pal ma. 
 " The JEolians said orpOroj for 
 c-tqAtos, PpOUcas for J3§AUa>$" 
 V. 
 
 Volatica, a witch. Fr. volo. 
 As flitting about or fleeting. 1 
 
 Vofema, a kind of large pear. 
 <( According to Servius, because 
 it fills the (yolam) hand. But 
 Servius adds ' volema pira lin- 
 gua Gallica bona et grandia.' 
 Whence it is a Gallic or 
 
 1 " In Tertullian de Pallio * Qui vola- 
 ticam spectat/ some understand it a 
 soothsayer who conjectures (ex volatu) 
 from the flight of birds : others a geome- 
 trician who measures things by the (vola) 
 pal ra of his hand ; or who measures the 
 land, from vola, which in the Phoenician 
 language signifies land." F. 
 
520 
 
 VOL- 
 
 VOL 
 
 German word. Hence it is 
 rather from the German or Bel- 
 gic vol, full, whence vollen, to 
 fill. Virgil calls them gra- 
 
 VIA.'J V. 
 
 Volo, as, I fly. Fr. f3oXe<o, 
 /3oXw, in a neuter sense, pro- 
 jicio me. 'PipQuXsog, swift, is 
 from p/ft-rco, to throw ; pf.e^pj0«, 
 
 pl$Ct, f>l[A<Pot. % FT. TTOXUU), TTOXCO, 
 
 says Haigh. In the sense, I 
 suppose, of Verto me, I wheel 
 round and round, I flit, ^f Teu- 
 ton, voghel, Germ, vogel, is a 
 bird. 
 
 Volo, 1 wish. If /3ouAo]xaj is 
 properly deduced by Lennep 
 from /3oAsco, jSoXco, " i. e. ani- 
 mum meum adjicio ad aliquam 
 rem, adeoque volo,"-— from /3o- 
 Aw, i. e. /3oX« vovv, might be 
 volo. Others deduce volo from 
 /3ouA«, (whence |8ouAo//,aj,) for 
 voulo. Germ, zoollen is to will 
 or wish. If 0eXa> became <psAco, 
 as $})g became <pyg, from <psKco 
 might be velo, velim, and velo 
 might have been changed to 
 volo, as veo$, nEvus, became 
 nOvus, and l//,cw, vEmo, became 
 vOmo. Also from k\& we 
 might get velo, as from 'Emtegct, 
 Vespera : then volo. From vo- 
 lis is vis, from volit is volt, 
 vult. 
 
 Volones, volunteers in the 
 army. Fr. volo. 
 
 Volsella, a, tweezers. Fr. 
 vello, vulsum and volsum, as 
 Verto, Versum and Vorsum. 
 
 Volva, the secundine. Fr. 
 volvo, in the sense of involvo, 
 to wrap. Forcellini explains 
 volva " involucrum foetus et 
 fungorum." 
 
 Voluhilitas, readiness of 
 speech. FY. voluo, whence vol- 
 vo. Properly, the easiness with 
 which anything rolls on. 
 
 Volucer, flying; swift. Fr. 
 volo. 
 
 Volucra, a wine-fretter. Fr. 
 voluo, whence volvo. It is call- 
 ed otherwise Volvox, Convol- 
 vulus, Involvulus. 
 
 Volumen, a rolling, winding ; 
 a fold, wreath, spire. Also a 
 book or volume. For the an- 
 cient mode of making up books 
 consisted in pasting several sheets 
 together, and rolling them on 
 a staff. Fr. voluo, whence 
 volvo. 
 
 Voluntas, the will ; a wish ; 
 a will or testament. Fr. volo. 
 For volentas, fr. volens, entis. 
 Though in truth entis is iovontis 
 or untis from Greek ovto$, 
 
 Volvo, I roll. Volvo am- 
 ino, I roll or revolve in my 
 mind, ponder. Volvo is for 
 voluo, (as Soluo, Solvo,) whence 
 volutnm, volubilis. Voluo is 
 fr. 7TokeucD. 
 
 Volupe, Volup', agreeable. 
 Fr. volupis, and this from volo, 
 I wish, desire. That is, de- 
 sirable. 
 
 Voluptas, pleasure. Fr. vo- 
 lupe ; whence volupitas, volup- 
 tas. . 
 
 Voluta, the member of a 
 column. Fr. volvo, volutum, 
 Harris describes it as that part 
 of the capitals of the Ionic, 
 Corinthian and Composite or- 
 ders, which is supposed to re- 
 present the bark of trees twist- 
 ed and turned into spiral lines ; 
 or, according to others, the 
 
VOL- 
 
 URB 
 
 521 
 
 head-dresses of virgins in their 
 long hair. 
 
 Voluto, 1 ponder. Also, I 
 roll, wallow. Fr. voiuo, volu- 
 tum. See Volvo. 
 
 Vomer, a ploughshare, the 
 iron of the plough. Fr. vomo, 
 vomi, as emo, emi. Because it 
 casts up the earth. fC Vomo 
 metaphorice, large ejicio, ejec- 
 to." F. 
 
 Vomica, an imposthume. Fr. 
 vomo. As discharging sanious 
 matter. 
 
 Vomo, I vomit. Fr. epsoo, 
 iju-w, whence vemo, (as *Ig, 
 Vis,) then vomo, as viog, nEvus, 
 nOvus ; and sOcer for sEcer 
 from ''Exvgoc. 
 
 Vopiscus, one who of two 
 children conceived is properly 
 born, the other being an abor- 
 tion. " Fr. o^Atco. As left 
 behind," says Scheide. Or from 
 o«r»a-06 might be d7no-$ixo$, whence 
 
 OTlKTKOg. 
 
 Vorago, a whirlpool ; hence 
 a prodigal. Fr. voro. So Ima- 
 go, Origo. 
 
 Voro, I devour. Fr. fiopioo, 
 fiopc», whence fipoco, &c. 
 
 Vortex, a whirlpool, whirl- 
 wind. Fr. verto, vorto. See 
 Verto. 
 
 Vos, ye. Fr. <t$(jq, transp. 
 <poog, whence vos. 
 
 Volum, a vow; a prayer to 
 a Deity attended with a pro- 
 mise or vow ; a prayer ; a wish 
 or desire breathed in a prayer, 
 the object of a prayer. Fr. 
 voveo, vovitum, votum. 
 
 Voveo, I vow ; pray for a 
 thing, while I vow to do some- 
 thing to obtain it ; I pray for, 
 
 Etym. 
 
 desire, wish. Fr. fapotioco, (2e- 
 fiouib, whence bobeo, (exactly as 
 *E\AIov became OlEuin,) for 
 softness voveo. Donnegan : 
 (< Befiaiu), to assure, to affirm or 
 promise with certainty. Bsfiut- 
 oxrig, a firm promise." ^f Al. 
 from /3o£co, considered the same 
 as fiouco, I call out upon. Hence 
 bo'eo, bo Veo, voveo. As E*«3,ViVo. 
 
 Vox, vocis, the voice; a 
 sound or word uttered by the 
 voice. Qua quis vocat. Hence 
 vocis, vocs, vox. Or rather vox 
 is for vocans, vocns, vocs, as 
 Regens becomes Regns, Regs, 
 Rex. % Al. from fioaoo, fut. 
 /3o#(ra>, iEol. /3oa£eo, jSco'Jco. 
 
 Upilio : See Opilio. 
 
 Upupa, a houpoo, puet. Fr. 
 e7ro\[r, eirovos. % From the 
 sound, pu pu, says Varro. 
 
 Upupa, a kind of mattock. 
 " For it somewhat represented 
 the head and beak of a upupa." 
 Ainsw. 
 
 Urania, one of the Muses. 
 
 OvpUVlYI. 
 
 Urbanus, pertaining (ad ur- 
 bem) to the city, and so opposed 
 to the boorish and uncouth man- 
 ners of rustics. Hence refined, 
 courteous, polite, humorous, 
 witty. 
 
 Urbs, urbis, a city. Fr. or- 
 bis, orbs, a circle. Ovid : l< Ubi 
 dicitur altam Coctilibus muris 
 cinxisse Semiramis urbem." 
 So we speak of Round the 
 town, ^f Al. from urbus or ur- 
 vus, round. See Orbis. % Pom- 
 ponius Digest. : " Urbs ab wr- 
 bo appellata est: urbare est 
 aratro definire." Ainsworth ; 
 " Ab urbo, parte aratri quo 
 3 u 
 
522 
 
 URC- 
 
 URT 
 
 muri designabantur." The north- 
 ern orva, nrva, was to plough. 
 ^f Al. from iroXig, transp. faing, 
 fairs, whence orbs, (as tuRban 
 is for tuLban, and French 
 oRme for oLme from uL- 
 mus,) then urhs* 
 
 Urceolaris herba, [the herb 
 feverfew. From its uses in scow- 
 ering glass (iirceolos) vessels. 
 
 Urceus, a pitcher. Fr. vpyr\ } 
 an earthen vessel. 
 
 Uredo, a burning on the skin. 
 A scorching or blasting of trees. 
 Fr. uro. So Torpedo. 
 
 Urgeo, Urgueo, I press, drive, 
 impel. Fr. opco, I move, ex- 
 cite; pf. eopxct, whence sopxica, 
 eopyeco, orgeo, urgeo. ^f Or 
 from sgxco or sgyco, sopxa or 
 sopya, 1 shut up, and so press 
 in. Hirtius : <l Accidit ut pel- 
 lerent urgerentque in oppidum." 
 Cicero : " Urbem premere at- 
 que urgere" hem in. Or fr. 
 %ya>, slgyeo, 1 drive away, ^f 
 Al. from opeyca, opsyioo, opysco, I 
 stretch out my hand to thrust. 
 If Al. from spyov. I impel to 
 work. % A), from opyy, anger, 
 whence a word opysoo, I stimu- 
 late to anger, and I stimulate 
 generally. Or, as opyocco is to 
 feel an ardent incitement or im- 
 pulse, perhaps ogyuco or ogysca 
 was used for giving such an 
 impulse. 1 
 
 Urigo, a burning passion» 
 Fr. uro, as Orior, Origo. 
 
 Urina, urine. Fr. ovgov, 
 whence a word ovpeivo;, ovps(vv), 
 
 Al. from ovpayew, ovpyico, I lead the 
 rear. 
 
 ad urinam pertinens. Or ina, 
 as in Divina, Piscina. 
 
 Urino, Urinor, i dive. Cor- 
 rupted from epsvvtxca, epevvcv, I 
 seek, search ; transp. ugsevw, 
 contr. vpsivw, urino. 2, 
 
 Urina ova, addle-eggs. Ov- 
 givu (hot. 
 
 Urna, a waterpot, pitcher^ 
 urn, box, vote-box. Fr. vdtop, 
 water ; whence vlgivfi, transp. 
 vgtilvri, urdna, urna. Aspirate 
 dropt as in Ulcus, ^f Al. from 
 uro, whence urina, (as Piscina,) 
 urna. As prepared by burning, 
 ^f Al. from orca or vgx^» a kind 
 of vessel, whence orcina, orna, 
 urna, or urcina, urna J 
 
 Uro, I burn. Fr. evco, as 
 vvog, nuRus ; ftoucrawv, musa- 
 Rum. Also, I nip or pinch 
 with cold, the effects of which 
 are similar to those of fire. 
 Also, I sting so as to produce a 
 burning heat ; hence, I sting 
 the mind, gall, vex. 
 
 Uropygium, the rump. Ou- 
 poiruyiov. 
 
 Urruncum, ~ 
 
 Ursus : See Appendix. 
 
 Urtica, a nettle. Fr. uro, to 
 sting ; supine uritum, urtum. 
 So Mergo, Mergitum, Mertum, 
 whence Merto. Macer: " Nee 
 immerito nomen sumsisse mere- 
 tur, Tacta quod exurat digitos 
 urtica tenentis." Urtica is also 
 a sea substance between the 
 animal and the shrub. Pliny: 
 
 2 Al. from apvivoiy I dive. How ? 
 
 3 Al. from urinor. " Quod, subter 
 aquam demersum atque inde rursus emer- 
 gens, urinantis speciem pnebere videa- 
 lur." F. 
 
URU- 
 
 UT 
 
 523 
 
 "Vis pruritu mordax, eadem- 
 que quae terrestris urticce" 
 
 Urus, a kind of wild ox. A 
 northern word. Macrobius : 
 " Uri Gallic a vox est, qua 
 feri boves significantur." Germ. 
 aur, ur, is ferus, sylvestris. 
 Virgil calls them "sylvestres 
 uri." 
 
 Uspiam, in any place. Com- 
 pare Usquam. Piam, as in 
 Quispiam. 
 
 Usquam, in any place ; to any 
 place. For ullisquam i. e. lo- 
 cis : whence ulsquam, usquam. 
 Quam as in Quisquarn, and as 
 Piam is Uspiam, which seems 
 to be put for Ullispiam. % Al. 
 from ewe., wg, unto, and quam 
 i. e. aliquam. Hence " to any 
 place" is supposed the primary 
 meaning. 
 
 Usque, as far as, unto, to. 
 Fr. eoo $ or »$; que being for 
 x>j, aliquo aut ullo modo ; or for 
 xe. See Absque. Also, con- 
 tinually, incessantly. That is, 
 all the time reckoned from one 
 point to another. 
 
 Usta, burnt ceruse. Fr. uro, 
 ursi, ussi, ustum. 
 
 Ustulo, I burn all round, 
 singe. Fr. uro, ustum. 
 
 Usura, the use or enjoyment 
 of a thing ; interest paid for 
 the use of money lent. Fr. 
 utor, usum, usurus. 
 
 Usurpo, I use much ; I ex- 
 ercise, practice, execute, per- 
 form. Also, I call, name, i. e. 
 nomine, I use by a particular 
 name. Columella: " Hoc no- 
 mine usurpant agricolae ramos" 
 &c. Also, I make my own by 
 use or prescriptive right ; I ac- 
 
 quire. Also, I make use of 
 without proper claim, usurp. 
 Fr. usura, whence uxuripo, 
 usurpo. Po is possibly from 
 Gr. -7Tco, as in $u\7roo, eg7rco, peX- 
 iru), &c. Or it may be allied to 
 Pe in Volupe. 
 
 Usus, use, practice, enjoy- 
 ment of a thing, profit derived 
 by the use of a thing. Also, 
 use, custom, acquaintance, inti- 
 macy. Fr. utor, whence utsus, 
 usus. 
 
 Ut, as, like as, according as. 
 For uti, and this for ute, from 
 cuts i. e. TpoTco. Or from core, 
 which Donnegan states is Doric 
 for oocttb. The aspirate i3 
 dropt, as in "Ekxog, Ulcus ; and 
 XI changed to ii, as in humerus 
 from 5 jQ/xo£, T /2jxog, and in fiiris 
 from (pSlpoc. Again, ut is how. 
 Cicero : " Credo te audisse ut 
 me circumsteterint." 7 S1its 
 would mean the same. Ut is 
 also " how" in exclamations and 
 in interrogations. Also, how- 
 soever, although, like Quamvis. 
 So ut ut is howsoever, in what- 
 ever manner : ut being repeated, 
 as Quis in Quisquis. Ut is also 
 as soon as, or during the time 
 that. Cicero : a Ut haec audi- 
 vit," &c. Terence : " Ut nu- 
 merabatur argentum, intervenit 
 homo." Ut is here, Jts (xpo'vw). 
 Or it is here the same as before. 
 *For we should say, Just as he 
 heard this, Just as it was being 
 counted. Ut is also so that, in 
 order that, to the end that, and 
 may here be referred to core for 
 coVre. And where it means to 
 such a degree that, and is put 
 after Adeo, Sic, Talis, &c. 
 
524 
 
 UTC 
 
 UTO 
 
 But where ut is that, as in Ne- 
 pos : " Si verum est ut populus 
 It. omnes gentes virtute supera- 
 rit," there uti seems to come 
 from on. And so where it 
 means, I wish that, velim ut. 
 Yet it can be explained, Velirn 
 ita ut. Some refer uti and ut 
 in all their significations to oti : 
 but Vossius well observes that 
 ut is used in numerous senses in 
 which oti is not. 
 
 Utcumque, howsoever, when- 
 soever. Ut is how and when, 
 and cumque, soever. See Qui- 
 cunque. 
 
 Utensilia, utensils. Fr. utor. 
 As necessary for use. 
 
 liter, a bag of skin or leather 
 blown up like a bladder. Fr. 
 olfog, iEol. oldop, a swelling 
 tumor : hence it might be used 
 for a swollen bag. Fr. oltiog is 
 uder, uter. *ff Al. from ohgos, 
 the paunch. Or fr. uterus. 
 Ci Siquidem uter vinum, oleum, 
 uterus fcetum continet : uter 
 corio, uterus cute tegitur : uter 
 protuberat, ita et uterus" V. 
 
 Uter, whether of the two. 
 Uter i. e. uterus is fr. bnorsqos: 
 dropping no, oTsgo-s. We have 
 Ulysses from 'OZv<ros6s. % Or 
 fr. sTepos, other. Or from 6 hs- 
 po$, the other: whence ovrsgo$, 
 uterus. But then U should be 
 long. 
 
 Uterinus, born of the same 
 mother, ex eodem utero. 
 
 Uterque, both the one and 
 the other. For utercunque, whe- 
 thersoever of the two. This 
 sense of uterque seems properly 
 to require another uterque to 
 support it. As in Terence : 
 
 " Uterque utrique est cordi." 
 Caesar : " Cum uterque utri- 
 que esset exercitus in conspec- 
 tu." 
 
 Uterus, the paunch, belly ; 
 the womb. From o$epo$ or oSe- 
 go$, which is explained by Hesy- 
 chius yu<TTrip, which has both the 
 senses. Hence uderus, as 'O&ucr- 
 creus, Ulysses : then uterus. ^f 
 Al. from va-Tspa, (pTepot,) the 
 womb. If Al. from uter, a bag. 
 Uti : See Ut. 
 
 Utilis, useful, fit, &c. Fr. 
 utor. Fit to be used. As Gr. 
 %g>j<n|tA0£ from xptxoftoti, xgfoopoci. 
 Utinam, I wish that. Uti is 
 Velim uti or ut. Ut is used in 
 the same sense. Nam, as in 
 Quisnam, Quianam. It seems 
 here to bear distinctly the sense 
 of fiyv, (ZEoI. poiv, transp. va/x,,) 
 truly. 
 
 Utique, certainly, assuredly. 
 For uticumque, utcunque, as 
 Ubique is for Ubicunque. 
 That is, howsoever, in what way 
 soever, in every way, under any 
 circumstances. 
 
 Utor, I am in the habit of 
 using, I make use of. Also, I 
 am in habits of intimacy with. 
 Fr. eQa), I am accustomed ; pf. 
 mid. £oi0a, whence a* verb ioifle'a;, 
 eoiQw, whence eutho, (as pUnio 
 from nOIvr),) then eutho, utJio, 
 and uto,as laTeo fr. XoiOsoo. Al. 
 from pf. mid. ecoQu, whence a 
 verb ewQioo, swQw, whence eutho, 
 (as <pflpb$, fUris,) utho, then 
 uto. Or from iwflw, transposed 
 to «5-fiw, oetho, cetho, then utho, 
 as pUnio from pGEna. Or 
 evQu) was formed from eQco, as 
 the T is added in suSw, ev(lv$, 
 
UTP 
 
 VUL 
 
 525 
 
 svXct), eupv$, evptog. 1 Uto was 
 anciently used, as Priscian af- 
 firms. Indeed it is used by 
 Cato. 
 
 Utpote, as. Utpote properly 
 expresses such a likeness as is 
 (pote) possible in the nature of 
 the case. Piautus : " Satis ne- 
 quam sum, utpote qui hodie in- 
 ceperim amare." Again : " Si- 
 miliorem mulierem, magisque 
 eandem, utpote quae non sit 
 eadem, non reor." 
 
 Utriculdrius, one who plays 
 on a bag-pipe. Fr. uter, utri, 
 whence utriculus. 
 
 Utrinque, on both sides. It 
 seems formed from uterque, 
 utrumque, like Hinc and II- 
 Jinc. 
 
 Utrum, whether of the two ; 
 whether. Fr. uter, utrum. 
 
 Ut ut : See Ut. 
 
 Uva, a grape. Fr. uveo, to 
 be moist. As full of juice or 
 moisture. Varro : " Uvce, ab 
 uvore." Or it is from voo or 
 veoo, whence uveo. Or from 
 vlos, moisture ; whence udiva, 
 uva. Or uva is from dl$o$, a 
 swelling ; whence udiva, uva. 
 Uva is also said of bees hanging 
 like a cluster of grapes ; and of 
 the glandulous substance which 
 hangs down from the middle of 
 the soft palate, from its re- 
 semblance to a grape. 
 
 Uveo, I am wet, moist. Fr. 
 vsco, whence vsto$, rain. 
 
 Uvidus, wet. Fr. uveo, as 
 Frigeo, Frigidus. 
 
 Vulcanus, Vulcan. Fr. full- 
 
 1 See Lennep Etym. Gr. 
 
 go, whence Fuliganus, (like 
 Oppidanus, Arcanus,) Fulga- 
 nus, Fulcanus, Fulcanus. ^ 
 Al. from fulgeo, whence Ful- 
 ganus, &c. % Vossius refers 
 it to Tubalcain, Tu being 
 omitted. 
 
 Vulgo, I make common, 
 spread among the (vulgus) peo- 
 ple. 
 
 Vulgo, commonly, generally. 
 In vulgo. 
 
 Vulgus, Volgus, a crowd, 
 populace. Fr. oy\az, transp. 
 °^X°£> FoX^os, whence folgus 
 and volgus. Wachter notices 
 Anglo-Sax. folc, Germ, volk, 
 folk. 
 
 Vulnus, a wound ; mental 
 wound, calamity, grief. Fr. 
 ovKyi, a wound made whole, 
 whence ovXivo$, ouAvoj, vulnus. 
 5f Or from ouKwog, same as ov- 
 Xiog, destructive, fatal, ^f AI. 
 from e\xo§, a wound ; whence 
 a word sAxivof, eXvog, then vul- 
 nus, as "E\xo$, Ulcus. 2, 
 
 Vulpes, Volpes, a fox. Fr. 
 «AwtttjI, FaCkwirtfe, whence valo- 
 pes, volpes. Or fr. oChuwrfe, 
 transp. kuKTi-ffe, whence volpex, 
 (as 'Asvrog, Ventus,) volpes. 1F 
 Al. from volipes. Qui volat 
 pedibus. Or pes, as in Sospes, 
 Caespes. 
 
 Vultuosus, expressing too 
 much the feeling of the mind 
 by drawing in or distorting the 
 (vultum) countenance ; affected, 
 sour, louring. 
 
 Vultur, Voltur, a vulture. 
 Fr. oXstyjp, a destroyer ; whence 
 
 2 " Fr- aXodw, aXou, to bruise, beat. 
 Haigh. Hence tben aKoivos, ti,\vos. 
 
50,6 
 
 VUL- 
 
 ZJST 
 
 oXrrjp, volter, voltur. ^f Or fr. 
 vello, whence vultum, as Pello, 
 Pultum, whence Pulto. From 
 its plucking or tearing. ^[ Al. 
 from volo, whence volatum, vol- 
 tum. " Ob crebrum volatum. 1 * 
 F. *§ " A vultus. A perspicacis- 
 simo vultu." Ainsw. 
 
 Vulturnus, the east wind, or 
 south-east wind. Vossius sus- 
 pects that is so called, as blow- 
 ing from the Mare Vulturnum, 
 mentioned by Pliny, 35, 26. 
 % Or from volvo, volutum, 
 whence voluturnus, volturnus, 
 as Taciturn, Taciturnus. Isaac 
 Vossius : " Vulturnum inter 
 Deos recenset Dositheus, et in- 
 terpretatur <rrpo<piov, ut dici 
 possit a volvendo." % Al. from 
 volo, volatum, whence volatur- 
 nus, volturnus. 
 
 Vultus, Voltus, the coun- 
 tenance. Fr. volo, volitum, 
 voltum, whence voltus. As in- 
 dicating the wishes and desires. 
 
 Vulva, the matrice or womb. 
 From volvo, whence volva, vul- 
 va. Quae fcetum involvit. 1 
 
 Uxor, a wife. Uxoris is fr. 
 %vvaopo$, %vvcogos, whence unx- 
 oris, uxoris ; or whence £va>po$, 
 transp. uxoris. Or uxor is from 
 a word gvvuuip, %vvcop, transp. 
 unxor, uxor, or uxnor, uxor. 
 ^f Al. for unxor from ungo, 
 unxi. From smearing with fat 
 the posts of her husband's house 
 on her first entrance. Pliny : 
 " Proxima adipis laus est, max- 
 \mh suilli, apud antiquos etiam 
 religiosi. Cert£ novae nuptae 
 
 1 Al. from SeApvs, 2£o\. fe\<pvs. 
 
 intrantes etiamnum solenne ha- 
 bent postes eo attingere."* 
 
 X. 
 
 Xenium, a gift sent to a 
 stranger, guest, friend, &c. 
 
 Bsviov. 
 
 Xeramptlinus, of the color 
 of dried vine-leaves. Srigu^s- 
 
 Xerophdgia, the eating of dry 
 meat. Sypoipoiylot. 
 
 Xiphias, the sword-fish. Bi- 
 
 Xystus, a covered place, 
 piazza ; a covered or shady 
 walk. Bu<7To$. 
 
 Zdbulus, the devil. Za/3oAoj. 
 Zdmia, a loss. Z>jjtua, Dor. 
 
 Zdplutus, very rich. Za- 
 
 Zea, spelt, a kind of corn. 
 
 ZSOL. 
 
 Zelotes, jealous. ZyjAcorfc. 
 Zelotypus, jealous. Z>jXoru- 
 
 Zelus, zeal. ZijXoj. 
 Zema, a boiler, &c. Z>j/a>j 
 or Xfi^a.. 
 
 Zephyrus, the west wind. Ze- 
 
 <pvp0$. 
 
 Zeta, an apartment. From 
 
 2 Donatus adds : " Vel quod lotos raa- 
 ritos ungebant :" and quotes Ennius : 
 " Exin Tarquinium bona foemina lavit et 
 unxit." 
 
Z1N 
 
 ZYT 
 
 527 
 
 diata, whence zeta. The Greek 
 Za/3oAoj is the same as Jix(3o\o$. 
 We say solJer for solDIer. 
 
 Zingibtri, ginger. Ziyylfie- 
 gt$. 
 
 Zizania, tares. Z^ocvia. 
 
 Zodiacus, the Zodiac. Zco- 
 hotxog. 
 
 Zona, a girdle, zone. Zwvvj. 
 Also, a purse, which the an- 
 cients wore in their girdles. 
 Zona are the zones, or circles 
 which surround the sky and 
 earth, like girdles. 
 
 Zotheca, a chamber or recess. 
 Supposed by Salmasius to 
 mean properly (0^>oj) a place 
 where (?£a) animals were kept 
 and fattened for sacrifices, as in 
 the Temple of Jerusalem were 
 recesses for this purpose. But 
 some understand it as a room 
 where persons stay or live. Fr. 
 £<£, and 0^x13, aj repository. Jt 
 is at all events the Greek gcodijxi]. 
 
 Zygia, presiding over nup- 
 tials. Zvyiu. 
 
 Zythum, beer or ale. Zufloj. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 OF 
 
 THE MOST DUBIOUS DERIVATIONS. 
 
 Abies, a fir. " Fr. &ttios, a wild pear ; 
 the fruit of which its cones something 
 resemble." Tt. % From &/3is, says 
 Haigh. v Aj8ies is explained by Hesychius 
 a fir or pitch-tree. But Stephens says 
 that frfiies is nothing but Lat. abies. 
 
 Acerra, a censer, a chest or vessel to 
 burn incense in. Fr. deer, whence acere- 
 ra, (as 'Ecrirspa, Patera,) acerra. As 
 made of maple-wood. So Pyxis, a box, 
 is called from being made of box-wood. 
 And perhaps this derivation of acerra is 
 correct. ^ Al. from iax^pa, an a ^ tar 5 
 transp. aa%kpa, ax*P a - Festus calls it 
 an altar which was placed before a dead 
 person, and on which incense was burnt. 
 
 Ador, a kind of pure wheat. a From 
 a, not ; SSpv, a spear. This corn being 
 without the beard or spear." Tt. 1f Al. 
 for athor (See Deus) fr. &%>, a beard of 
 corn. 1f Al. from adoro, as Agger from 
 Aggero. As being used in adorations. 
 
 Adulo, Adidor, I fawn upon, soothe, 
 caress, flatter. As this word is applied 
 peculiarly to dogs, Mr. Barker 1 states 
 that he rejects every etymology of it 
 which does not refer to dogs. He favors 
 the following derivation of Martini : 
 " Malim ab aula significante ollam; ut 
 adulor sit, Sector ollam more canum iis 
 cauda, blandientium, a quibus catillones 
 esse sinuntur." He observes that Dacier 
 has omitted this reference to dogs in giv- 
 ing the same derivation : " Adolari pro 
 adollari, ad ollam ire, ollam sectari, quod 
 parasitis solenne." It appears that adu- 
 lor was written also adolor. 1f Al. from 
 ixdai, v\5>, to bark or yelp. For adhulo. 
 That is, to fawn upon by yelping. % Al. 
 for adosculor, cut down to adoulor. IF Al. 
 
 1 Classical Journal, No. 20, p. 387. 
 
 for aduro from ovph, a tail. That is, to 
 fawn upon by moving the tail. If Of 
 those who omit a reference to dogs, some 
 suppose adulor to be properly said of 
 those who ever wait (ad aulas) at the halls 
 and palaces of the great to flatter them. H" 
 Or of those who are (ad alam alterius) at 
 the wing of another. As contUbernalis 
 is from tAberna. ^ Al. from SoDAos, a 
 slave. From the servility of flatterers. 
 A added, after the Greek method : or 
 put for ad. Adulor for addulor, as Omit- 
 to for Ommitto. ^f Al. from adv\ifa, 
 Doric for ^8iMi£o>, I speak pleasant things 
 to another. But A should be long, and 
 U short. 
 
 JEscalus, Esculus, the beech, or bay 
 oak, or holm oak. Fr. esca, as ^rjybs from 
 $dyu. Turton : " Because its nut or 
 mast is edible." Blartini : "No age was 
 so ignorant as not to know the use of 
 corn : although at the same time men 
 employed for food those .things which 
 were attainable without any great labor or 
 preparation : and hence (prjybs might well 
 be called from <pa.ye?v," But this deri- 
 vation says nothing of the diphthong. ^ 
 Al.from alyiAaty, a kind of beech. Hence 
 cegilus, CBcilus, (as fiiaTeca, misCeo,) ce- 
 scilus, (as anciently PceSna for Poena,) 
 then cesculus. 
 
 Affanicp,, idle discourse, tittle-tattle, 
 sluff, nonsense. Fr. affor, dris. See 
 Fatuus. Ad, over-much. % Al. from 
 ' 'A<pdvvai, Aphannce, a paltry town in Si- 
 cily or in Attica, and proverbially used 
 for anything vile or low. See Apinae. 
 5T Al. for avvanicB from ad and vanus. 
 
 Agtinalia, um, some festival. Vossius: 
 " From &yova, libations to the dead. 
 Used in a confined sense. The LXX. 
 have aySvovs x ^-'* IT Varro seems to 
 deduce it from &yw, a leader : " Dies 
 
A L — A R 
 
 APPENDIX, &C. 
 
 529 
 
 Agonales dicti ab agone, eo quod interro- 
 gator princeps civitatis, et pp.inceps 
 gregis immolatur." 
 
 Alea, a die ; game of dice. From 
 oAea, Doric of 7}\ea, vain, senseless, silly, 
 unprofitable. 1[ Al.from^A7j, perplexity, 
 uncertainty. From the uncertainty of 
 dice, f Al. from la\4a> or ia\S> fut. of 
 idWw, to throw, ^f Isidorus dreams that 
 it was derived from the name of a Grecian 
 soldier who invented the game of dice in 
 the Trojan war. 
 
 Amellus, a herb or flower supposed the 
 same as star- wort. From Mella, a river 
 of Gaul. Virgil says of it : '" Et curva 
 legunt prope flumina Mellce." Martyn 
 says that one of the Arundelian MSS. 
 and the Cambridge MS. here read Amel- 
 ia:. 
 
 Amussis, a carpenter's rule. Forcellini 
 states that the more rational etymologists 
 derive it from am, about ; and assis, a 
 plank. Varro defines it " tabula qua 
 utuntur ad sax a leviganda." Is amussis 
 then a plank placed roundabout anything 
 to make it level ? That is, (assis) a 
 plane moved (am) about a surface. Isaiah : 
 " The carpenter stretcheth out his rule, 
 he marketh the god out with a line, he 
 fitteth it with planes, and he marketh it 
 out with the compass," &c. 
 
 AnanccBum. " A kind of larger cup 
 which those, who entered on a winematch, 
 were obliged to drink off. From amy- 
 kcuov, necessary. Casaubon remarks that 
 an old Greek poet calls the delirium oc- 
 casioned by too much drinking avdyttav 
 y\vn€?av, a sweet necessity, and that a- 
 nancceum was so called as inducing it. 
 And that, where Plautus uses it, he al- 
 ludes to the draught of hemlock which 
 culprits were obliged to drink in some 
 cities of Greece, or to that draught of the 
 river Lethe which all of us must taste. 
 Turnebus observes that avdyic-n in He- 
 sychius is a judicial urn, and that anan- 
 cceum was so called as being of the same 
 dimensions with it. Others read and ex- 
 plain the word otherwise." F. 
 
 Angerona, some Goddess. For Age- 
 rona, 'Aynpvun, from a, not; yrjpvs, the 
 voice. For she is represented with her 
 mouth sewed up and sealed, or, as others 
 say, with her finger on her mouth, as a 
 token of silence. % Al. from ango, an- 
 gere, to press close, to close. 
 
 Antemna, Antenna, the cross-piece to 
 which the sail of a ship is fastened. For 
 artemna from aprefi&v, ace. apTe/nai/a, 
 (&pr€[jLva). % A), from am, about, and 
 
 Etym. 
 
 tendo, or tivvot iEol. of TetVw, or te- 
 neo. 
 
 Antes, inm, rows of vines ; files or ranks 
 of soldiers. Fr. ante. Dacier explains 
 it " ordines antcriores." Ainsworth says : 
 44 the fork ranks or outmost ranks of 
 vines." Virgil speaks of " extremos 
 antes." % Isaac Vossius asks : " An ab 
 amites?" That is, from ames, amitis, 
 from ameo, amitum, to go round. From 
 amites would be amtes, antes, 
 
 ApolUnaris, henbane, nightshade. Apu- 
 leius : " Ab ipso Apolline qui earn inve- 
 nisse fertur." 
 
 Aprilis, April. Fr. aper, apri. As in 
 this month a boar was sacrificed, % Al. 
 for aperilis fr. aperio. The earth be- 
 ginning this month to open itself. But, 
 says Scaliger, this could not apply, as 
 there were but ten months, and so April 
 would fall in spring-time only every now 
 and then. 
 
 Area,* threshingfloor.barnfloor. Hence, 
 any open surface, field, plain, flat, area, 
 yard. Fr. areo. " Quia ibi arescunt fru- 
 ges." Ainsw. % Al. for alea (as onAia, 
 seFua ; 0aAtbs, vaRius,) fr. aXooa, a 
 threshingfloor. 
 
 Areo, I am dry. From aew, considered 
 the same as aijco, to dry. Hence areo, as. 
 evo>, uRo. f Al. for a'ereo fr. a'er, a'eris. 
 To be exposed to the air. We say, To 
 air. 
 
 Arista, a beard of corn ; ear of corn. 
 From Germ, aehr, an ear of corn, f Al. 
 from Goth, hrista, rista, to shake. A 
 added, as some think also in Adulor. 
 f " From Arab, arizah." Tt. 
 
 Armoracia, horse-radish. " Pliny says 
 that in the Pontic language it is called 
 armon. Or from Armorica, the country 
 from whence it was brought." Tt. % 
 The Greek ap/xopaKia is put down by 
 Forcellini. But Dioscorides says : 'Po- 
 <pav\s aypia, %v 'Vwpaioi apfiopaiciap Ka- 
 \ovo~i. 
 
 Artemisia, the herb mugwort. " From 
 a queen of that name who first used it. 
 Or from "Apre/xis, Diana: because it is 
 used in those disorders of women over 
 which she presided." Tt. 
 
 Arundo, a reed or cane ; a pipe made 
 of reed. For arndo (like Testudo) from 
 areo. Forcellini explains it " aquaticus 
 frutex in longam altitudinem excrescens, 
 cortice lignoso et inarescente," &c. But 
 A is short in Arundo, long in Areo. Yet 
 so A is short in Arena from Areo. And 
 in Dicax I is short from Dico. U Al. 
 for arudo, from Sax. m«/, a reed. 
 3 x 
 
530 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 AS — BL 
 
 As, assis, a pound-weight, or anj-thing 
 which may be divided into 12 parts. A 
 small piece of money. Fr. els, one ; el's, 
 %'is, Dor. ais, as. As being considered 
 as an integer or whole. 
 
 Asio, a horn -owl. " For ausio fr. avs, 
 Cretan form of o3s, an ear. As Gr. dbros 
 from (bra, ears. Or for asinio fr. asinits. 
 Its ears hanging down like those of the 
 ass." V, 
 
 Astula, a lathe, shingle, " assula." 
 For assectula, fr. asseco, assectum. And 
 perhaps this is true. 
 
 Atriplex, the herb orage. " Corrupted 
 from atraphax fr. a.Tpd(pa£is" V. 
 
 Arena, an oaten straw ; oats. Wach- 
 ter : " Haher, (Germ.) avena. Belg. 
 haver. Videtur esse ab aben, deficere : 
 quia avena est vitium frumenti, teste 
 Plinio. Eodem fonte avena derivatur." if 
 Isaac Vossius puts down object, as defined 
 by Hesychius " small sterile trees." Vir- 
 gil : " Stebiles dominantur avena." 
 
 Aula, a pot. Hesychius has : AuAa, 
 iravd€KT7]s. What we call, an omnium- 
 gatherum. But perhaps auha, is nothing 
 but aula Hellenized. 
 
 Autumo, I think, imagine ; I say, aver, 
 relate. If tumo is a termination, (as in 
 yEsturoo, and as Timus iu Maritimus,) 
 autumo may be from avo>, to speak out. 
 Then the sense of thinking is secondary : 
 as (prifil in Homer, which Donnegan ren- 
 ders "to announce as one's opinion of 
 oneself, or think, or suppose." if Al. 
 for avitumo (as aUceps for aVIceps) 
 from avis. I conjecture from the flight 
 of birds. Thus the sense of saying is se- 
 condary, as Censeo is to think, judge, 
 and express what we judge. if Al. for 
 auctorumo fr. auctor. Auctor sum, I 
 give my opinion. if Al. from avrbs, 
 oneself. I speak from myself. 
 
 Axicia, Axitia, scissars to clip the hair 
 with. For assicia, (as ulySSes, ulyXes,) 
 fr. adseco, assico. But the word is doubt- 
 ful. 
 
 B. 
 
 Babecalus, Babcecalus, a word believed 
 to be corrupt, for which babaculus is pro- 
 posed from /3aj6a£, /SajSa/cos, a servant's 
 name : and bacelus fr. fidic-nXos, a great 
 booby. 
 
 Bacca, a berry. Fr. pasco, whence 
 pascicu, pacca t bacca. if Al. from pario, 
 whence parica, pacca, bacca. So our 
 Berry is from To Bear. if Haigh : " Per- 
 
 haps at first a grape, fr. ftdnxos, mad, 
 from its intoxicating quality : and then a 
 berry of any other quality." if " It 
 seems to be from Hebr. baccah. ,, Tt. 
 
 Bacelus, Baceolus, foolish. Fr. jSa/wp- 
 Aos. But the word is doubtful. 
 
 Bdro, Varo, a blockhead, dolt. The 
 old Scholiast on Persius states, that in the 
 language of the Gauls barones were sol- 
 diers' fags, and hence that it was used of 
 stupid clowns, if Al. from varus, a fork 
 for supporting nets, a stake. Hence a 
 dolt, like Stipes, if Al. from fidpos, weight, 
 heaviness. But the quantity of A is an ob- 
 jection^ if Wachter contends that in the 
 passage of Cicero, " Apud Patronem et 
 reliquos barones te in maxima gratia po- 
 sui," barones is used for " viros princi- 
 pes," and refers it to Germ, bar, con- 
 spicuous. Others to ficpbs, so that baro- 
 nes are men of weight in a kingdom. 
 To barones in this sense our word Baron 
 or Barons is perhaps allied. " Some," 
 says Todd, •' derive Baron from ber, an 
 old Gaulish word signifying commander. 
 Others from Hebrew and Celtic words 
 of the same import. Others suppose it 
 originally to signify only a man ; in which 
 sense Baron or Varon is still used by the 
 Spaniards ; and our law uses Baron and 
 Femme, husband and wife." 
 
 Batiola, a goblet. " Perhaps it should 
 be written batioca or batiaca. Isidorus 
 has plainly : Batioca, Patera. Athe- 
 nseus mentions ParidK-n in the list of cups." 
 V. If Al. for batiacula. 
 
 Bedella. "It seems to be the same as 
 bdellium." F. 
 
 Bellis, the white daisy. Fr. bellus y 
 which has been supposed to be the origia 
 of another flower called Bellio. 
 
 Bestia, a wild beast ; any brute ani- 
 mal. For biestia from irzirUffrai pp. of 
 •ffte^cw, to squeeze, crush. As properly- 
 applied to tigers, lions, &c. if Al. for 
 vestia fr. vestis, or from eo>, eo-rai, to 
 clothe. As bestice do not so properly 
 feed as clothe man. 
 
 Blatta, purple-cloth. Purple, says 
 Vossius, being the color with which the 
 blatta, when taken by the hand, tinges it. 
 if Turnebus supposes blatta to be the 
 color not of purple, but of the coccum ; 
 from the grains of which little worms 
 come out, and dye with a very florid color. 
 if Others refer it to the color of blood 
 congealed. For in one of the ancient 
 Glossaries blatta is explained by 6p6fif3os 
 a'tfiaTos, a cake of blood. Whence then 
 is blatta in this sense ? 
 
BO GA 
 
 OF THE MOST DUBIOUS DERIVATIONS. 
 
 :>s\ 
 
 Boa, a large sea-serpent. Fr. &ovs, 
 /Jooy, anox. From its large size. Or, as 
 some say, because it was said to stick to 
 cows and suck them till they bled. % 
 Al. from fivTis, considered an JEolic 
 change of Sutjs, a diver. 
 
 Boa, a swelling of the legs from walk- 
 ingk Vossius : "From its resemblance 
 to that of a bite from the boa. But Sal- 
 masius traces it to fivv, iKol. for 5v??, 
 pain, distress." Dacier : " From its 
 large size, i. e. as large as an ox." See 
 the former Boa. Boa is defined also by 
 Pliny *.' morbus papularum cum rubent 
 corpora." 
 
 Brassica, cabbage or colewort. Wach- 
 ter notices the Welsh bresych, Germ. 
 wersich. % Hesychius mentions that 
 Ppdaicri was used by the Italians for updjx- 
 £7}. But this does not help us. ^T Al. 
 for prassica fr. irpao-ucr), pertaining to a 
 row or bed in a garden. This is much too 
 general a sense. 
 
 Burns, trifles. Vossius supposes it 
 was properly a common vile raiment 
 (burri coloris) of a red color. See the 
 second Burrus. 
 
 Ccesius, grey, sky-colored. Fr. cado, 
 ■ctzsum, to beat. Nonius explains Caesi- 
 cium "purum, candidum, a Csedendo : 
 <juod ita ad candoeem perveniat." 
 
 Cttlabrica, a kind of bandage used in 
 tying wounds. " If there is room for 
 conjecture, it was called perhaps from the 
 (Calabrce oves) Calabrian sheep." F. 
 
 Calamenta, the dry parts of a vine. 
 " From the ancient cala, Gr. kclKov, dry 
 wood." F. KaKov is properly burnt, from 
 kcmw, Kaiw. Some read culameta,tbe frag- 
 ments (calamorum) of reeds or stalks. 
 
 Calldicus or OalloXnus, of a purple, 
 Venetian, or sea-green color. Gr. koA- 
 Xaiuos. Salmasius : " The color of most 
 gems is derived from the name of the 
 gems, as the hyacinthine from the hya- 
 cinth. But the term callaica or calldina 
 was adopted from the color callainus." 
 What shall we say of callais, which is 
 explained by Forcellini " a precious stone 
 resembling a sapphire, and of a bright sea- 
 green color ?" Vossius : " From this color 
 calldicus, the gem -caKa is has its name." 
 Surely we should rather expect that from 
 callais was calldicus. The fact may be 
 that KaWafc existed in Greek and pro- 
 duced naWaivos, naWa'tubs, and calldi- 
 
 cus. Or that from KaWaivos, («oWdiw,) 
 was formed callais, thence calla'iew. 
 
 Cdmena, Cttmcena, a Muse. Fr. cano, 
 whence canima, (as Alo, Alima, whence 
 Alma,) then canimena, (as Habena,) then 
 camena. % Varro says it was anciently 
 written Casmena and Carmena. As Cano 
 from x av ^> so Casmena might come from 
 X«w, /ce'xacTjuat. Carmena would seem to 
 be allied to carmen. % Al. soft for ca- 
 nena fr. cano. But whence the CE ? 
 
 CHnalicolce, qui canalem colunt. " Fes- 
 tus : ' Canalicolcc forenses, homines pau- 
 peres dicti, quod circa canales fori con- 
 sisterent.' Scaliger monet dicendum ' cir- 
 ca canaleM,' non ' canaleS.' Fuit enim 
 locus in Foro Romano Canalis dictus. 
 Plautus : ' In infirao foro boni homines 
 atque dites ambulant : in medio propter 
 Canalem ibi ostentatores meri.' Sed 
 quid fuerit ille Canalis, non constat. 
 Quidam intelligunt viam demissiorem in 
 foro, canalis instar excavatam : alii fos- 
 sam quae corrivatas aquas acciperet et in 
 cloacam immitteret." F. " Loca luxu- 
 rise apud Veteres plerumque erant casae 
 et tabernas per ripas dispositse. Hinc et 
 ganeones et scorta et plebs quaeque vilis- 
 sima, cum in iisdem domunculis ad ri- 
 pas habitarent, dicti canalicolce." W. 
 
 Cancelli, lattices or windows made with 
 cross-bars of wood, iron, &c. ; balusters 
 or rails inclosing any place. Fr. KiynAis. 
 IT Al. from cancri, which Apuleius is 
 supposed to use in the sense of cancelli, 
 but which Forcellini thinks may be taken 
 in its common sense. From cancri in its 
 common sense Becman deduces cancelli: 
 " A discretis cancrorum pedibus." 
 
 Capronat, Caprdnece, forelocks. " Pro 
 caperona:. Quia frontem caperent, cor- 
 rugent." V. 5f Al. from caper, capri. 
 As having the appearance of goat&Miorns. 
 
 Cara or Chara, a kind of parsnip or 
 carrot. " Sunt qui putent herbam die- 
 tam careum, Gr. ndpov, eandem esse cum 
 ea quae cara aut chara dicitur a Caesare, 
 qua?, lacte admixto indeque effectis pani- 
 bus, inopiam militum multum levavit. 
 Hue facit quod Dioscorides cari radicem 
 coctam aeque edulem esse ait ac pastina- 
 c&." F. To this word seems allied Ca- 
 rota, a carrot. 
 
 Cardo, a hinge or hook. Used meta- 
 phorically for a variety of thing* on which 
 others turn. Fr. Kpctidoov, Kpaduv, transp. 
 napSebv, vibrating, shaking backwards and 
 forwards. 1[ Al. from updoy, (icdpSn,) a 
 hook or machine from which anything is 
 suspended, % Haigh : <f From ndpros, 
 
532 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 CA — CL 
 
 strength." ^[ See a northern derivation 
 in Carbo. 
 
 Carenum, Carcenum, wine boiled down 
 one third. Gr. aapoivov, which is thought 
 however to have been received by the 
 Greeks in later times from the Latins. 
 
 Cdrex, sedge. " Fr. caro, ere. As fit 
 to teaze or scrape with." V. " Fr. Keipou, 
 to abrade. From its roughness." Tt. 
 Caro indeed is from Kelpa. 
 
 Carpisculus, a kind of shoe or slipper. 
 Perhaps from Kpriirls, a slipper ; Dor. Kpa- 
 irls, transp. Kapiris. 
 
 Cascus, antique, out of date. Fr. 
 Xo-o'iiw, to have gaps or cracks. That is, 
 from age. ^T Al. from cado, casum, 
 whence casicus, (as Medeor, Medicus,) 
 cascus. 
 
 Casteria, a place in which the oars and 
 other tackling of a ship are kept, while 
 the ship is laid up. For schasteria, (as Fal- 
 lo from S^aAAw,) crxa(rT7]pia, fr. ax&fa, 
 &rX aa " ral > t0 l et l° ose » ' et down ; and 
 also, to stop, pause. Nonius: *,' Caste- 
 ria i locus ubi, cum navigatio conquiescit, 
 remus et gubemacula conquiescunt." 
 But neither the word nor its meaning is 
 certain. 
 
 Catomidio, I strike (tear tifAoou) on 
 the shoulders. Some read catamidio, i. e. 
 KOTa/tezSiftj, I laugh at. 
 
 Ckt&lus, a puppy, whelp. Also, the 
 young of other animals. For gatulus fr. 
 yeyarcu pp. of yaw, (whence in Homer 
 £icyeyav?a,) as ySvos and enyovov are an 
 offspring fr. yeivw, yiyova, same as y&w. 
 A little production. % Al. from catus. 
 A little sagacious thing. % Varro says it 
 is a diminutive of canis. Then it would 
 be canulus, not canitulus, catulus. 
 
 Catumeum, a kind of cake used in sacri- 
 fices. " It seems to mean a cake of flesh 
 cut from the neck of an animal. Fr. ca- 
 tomum, which some glosses render a 
 neck : icar* &iauv. This may be confirmed 
 from the fact that many of the cakes men- 
 tioned in this passage of Arnobius are 
 taken from various limbs of animals: as 
 Caro Strebula from the huckle-bone, 
 ./Erumnas from the gullet, Taeniae from 
 the intestines, Off a Penita from the tail, 
 &c." F. 
 
 Caudex, the stem or trunk of a tree. 
 From navw, kolw, (whence onairTiti, &c.) 
 to scoop, hollow. Caudicce were boats 
 made of hollow trunks of trees or of thick 
 hollow planks ; or of such trunks or 
 planks placed rudely together. % Al. 
 from navu), (allied to kcu'w, whence Caj- 
 des ; ) to cut, fell. As beifig severed from 
 
 the tree, as Kop/xbs from neipw, KtKopfiai. 
 Or as being cut into many thick planks, 
 a joining together of which was called 
 caudex. 
 
 Cella, a storehouse for wine, oil, honey, 
 and other provisions. Fr. celo, to hide, 
 keep secret ; whence celera, (like Patera,) 
 then celra, cella. And this seems the 
 true derivation. % Al. from x*7^ s » a 
 chest ; whence celula, cella. IT Vossius 
 notices Hebr. CLL, to hide. 
 
 Cires, Ceres. Jamieson : " Could we 
 view it as of Scythian origin, it might be 
 traced to Suio-Goth. ha'era, which is ex- 
 actly synonymous with Lat. queror. Be- 
 cause she went from place to place be- 
 wailing the loss of her daughter." Or 
 for queres from queror. f Al. for Geres 
 from Trjpvs, which is stated by Hesychius 
 to be one of her names. ^ Al. from ce- 
 reo, which is said to be an old word for 
 cra>, to create. As producing the fruits 
 of the earth. 
 
 Cerussa, white lead. Vossius: "Fr. 
 Krjpbs, whence Krjpoeis, KrjpSeacra, kr)pod(r- 
 aa. As being like wax." Why so ? % 
 Al. from KTjpdca, to hurt ; participle /07- 
 p6ovaa, Ki)povaa, cerusa. That is, per- 
 nicious. 
 
 Chalcidicum, a spacious portico, hall, 
 &c. " Genus sedificii, ab urbe Chalcidick 
 dictum," says Festus, and says no more. 
 1T Xd\xv was purple. 
 
 Cibus, food. Festus : " Fr. Kificanov, 
 a wallet in which they put food." A 
 manuscript reads here Kifiov, a word used 
 by Oms as quoted by Ursinus on Festus. 
 % " From Hebr. cibash, to eat." Tt. 
 
 Cicada, an insect which in the summer 
 months sits on the trees in southern coun- 
 tries and makes a shrill sound. Fr. kIkos, 
 a young grasshopper, in Hesychius. But 
 cicada is not this insect. 
 
 Ciconia, a stork. Also, the bending 
 of the fingers in the form of a stork's bill, 
 and so shaking them by way of ridicule 
 at a person behind his back. From the 
 Cicones, a people of Thrace, who are said 
 to have held it in great veneration, % 
 Lhuyd : " Armoric sikun." 
 
 Cinnus, a hodge-podge. Fr. mpvaw, 
 KipvS), to mix ; whence cirnus, cinnus. 
 
 Cisium, a kind of two-wheeled car. 
 Fr. KeKicrcu pp. of a verb whence KlcT-n, a 
 box. If Al. from /ace, k'ktw, to go, move. 
 
 Cluacina, Cloacina, a surname of Ve- 
 nus. Pliny : " Cum Sabini jam dimica- 
 turi adversiis Romanos propter raptas 
 virgines, in ipsa- acie, raptis concilianti- 
 bus, pacein fecissent, depositis armis 
 
CL— EL 
 
 OF THE MOST DUBIOUS DERIVATIONS. 
 
 633 
 
 myrtea verbena in eodem loco purgati 
 sunt : ibique postea sign una Veneris posi- 
 tum fuit, quae inde Cluaeina dicta est : 
 cluere (some read cluare) antiqui purga- 
 re dicebant." % Al. from cluo, to be 
 glorious. Plautus : " Qui perjurum con- 
 venire vult hominem, mitto in Comitium ; 
 qui mendacem et gloriosum, apud Clo- 
 acin<e sacrum." 1f Al. from cloaca. Lac- 
 tantius : " CloacincB simulacrum in cloaca) 
 maxima repertum Tatius consecravit j et, 
 quia, cujus esset effigies, ignorabat, ex lo- 
 co illi nomen imposuit." 
 
 Clunac&lum, a knife with which vic- 
 tims were sacrificed. Festus: "' Vel quia 
 dunes liostiarum dividit, vel quia ad du- 
 nes dependet." 
 
 Ctilostra, the first milk after the birth. 
 Fr. coalesco, coalescitum, whence coales- 
 trum, colestrum, and colostrum, somewhat 
 as U in Gerundia. It is particularly glu- 
 tinous ; whence some refer it to /cJAAo, 
 glue. % Al. from k6\ov, food. 
 
 Concipllo, I snatch at, tear. For con- 
 pilo, I pillage, rob. Ci being supposed 
 to be added here, and in Reciprocus, In- 
 citega, Recipero. 
 
 Cossis, Cossus, a worm which breeds in 
 wood. Fr. Keicopcrat, (iceKOGacu,) pp. of 
 Keipw, to devour. % Al. from ids. 
 
 Cremo, I set on fire, burn. From a 
 word Kpefiico, Kpefiu, formed from /ce/cep- 
 /icu (KeitpefLai) pp. of Kelpw, to devour, 
 consume. ^ Haigh : " Fr. depfiSco, to 
 make hot : transp. dpe/xdw, dpefjiw" 
 
 Cibcullus, a cornet or coffin of paper, 
 used by grocers and apothecaries to put 
 their spice in. And hence Vossius dedu- 
 ces its sense of a cloak with a hood : 
 " A forma, quia cucullus capitis refert 
 conum inversum, planeque chartaceo cu- 
 cullo similis est, ut ex palliis Hispanicis 
 et bardocucullis apparet." Wachter : 
 " Germ, kogel, tegmen capitis. Anglo- 
 Sax, cugle. Cucullnm fuisse gallicum 
 capitis tegumentum, ex Martiale, Juve- 
 nale, et Columella discimus. Posteris 
 Celtarum in Cambria cochl non amplius 
 mitram, sed pallium denotat, forte quia 
 cochl Celtica, lingua est nomen generale 
 et omnibus tegumentis commune. In- 
 terim vox ita concepta est, ac si tegmen 
 orbiculare sonaret, a kugel, globus : re 
 ipsa suffragium ferente, quae globi instar 
 caput cingebat. Sed fortasse -fallimur. 
 Nam Salmasio, qui Grascas habet aures, 
 et Gallicas voces ubique Graecis vindicat, 
 k6kkvs est apex, crista, et inde cucullus 
 tegmen capitis in summo acuminatum. 
 Et hoc sensu videmur vocem Gallicam 
 
 etiamnum usurpare in kogel-han, gockel- 
 han, gallus cristatus." Camden refers it 
 to Brit, cucul, pallium. Others to kv- 
 k\os, whence cuclullus, cucullus. 
 
 Cudo, ere, I strike as a smith, hammer, 
 forge. Perhaps allied to cado, to strike. 
 If ccedo was from a word Kaiu, possibly 
 cudo was from a word Kavca or Kofw. ^ 
 Al. from kSittq}, k6ttw, whence coddo 7 
 cuddo, cudo. 
 
 Cunctor, I hesitate, scruple, delay. 
 For contor from contus. Taken from a 
 sailor who sounds the shoals and depths 
 of the sea, and proceeds with hesitation. 
 Contor was said for cunctor. % Al. from 
 cunctus. Cuncta experior, I try all ex- 
 pedients and can settle on none. 
 
 Curculio, Gurgillio, the weasand of 
 the throat. Corrupted from yapyapedov. 
 Or from Germ, gurgel, the throat. Cur- 
 culio was also a small worm which eats 
 the pith of corn. As being, says Servius, 
 nothing but throat. The Greeks called 
 a shrimp KapXs as being all (icdpa) head. 
 
 Curro, I run. The Greek Etymologi- 
 con explains (under vwnap) Kaipco by rp4- 
 Xa. From Kalpw, fut. icapS) or Kctptro», 
 iEol. K&ppw, Vossius derives curro. The 
 iEolians, he states, said crYp/ces for <rAp- 
 /C6S. 1[ Al. from currus. 
 
 D. 
 
 Dispenno, I stretch out. Taken from 
 the (pennce) wings of birds. 1T Al. for 
 dispendo fr. pando. 
 
 Dolium, a cask, barrel. " Quia dolan- 
 do fabricatur," says Vossius. But O 
 should thus be short. 
 
 DUo, I cut smooth, hew, chip. " From 
 Hebr. dhal, I attenuate." V. 
 
 Draucus, qui alios subagitat. A rpavw, 
 Terpavtta, perforo : unde vox quaedam 
 rpavKSs. H Al. a dpda, ago. Qui agit. 
 Sed, unde U in prima ? 
 
 Ea, (whence eum, earn, eorum, &c.) 
 this. From t, it; whence a word lbs, 
 e^, pertaining to it. But this is far from 
 satisfactory. „ 
 
 Egeo, I lack, need. From o, not ; 
 *v« I have. Whence a word ae X ^> I 
 have not, I want ; hence 'e X e«, and egeo, 
 as Gutta for Chutta. Vossius quotes 
 Hesychius : 'Hx^es* Kivo\, tttw^- . 
 
 Elucus, a stupor, heaviness. As taking 
 
534 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 EV— FR 
 
 away (lucent) the light (e) from the eyes. 
 % Al. from %(a\os, of yesterday, as arising 
 from yesterday's wine. Hence a word 
 eaXiicbs, transp. eAmicSs. 1T Al. from 
 rjKvybs, full of darkness, f Al. from 
 aXica, I err, blunder. 
 
 Everganece Trabes, in Vitruvius. " A- 
 liis ita dicta? quod sint afxabre politee et 
 compactse, ab evepyfys ; aliis ab evergendo, 
 quod in aliquam partem vergant et pro- 
 pendeant." F. 
 
 Euglum. ''Medium foramen rod alSolov 
 yvvaineiov, et ipsum alSoiou. Ab evyeiou, 
 fertile. Vel ab evSicuov, eudiceon, fora- 
 men." F. 
 
 F. 
 
 Ftiba, a bean, or French bean. He- 
 sychius explains <pa$a by rb o-vvyjOes 6cr- 
 irpiov, the common pulse. But was <pdfia 
 merely faba hellenized ? 1f Al.from irdoo, 
 to feed ; or <pdy<a,to eat. % Cornish favan. 
 
 FUmklus, a slave, attendant. Haigh : 
 " From trapa, a possession." % From 
 the Oscan famel, says Festus. Whence 
 was famel? ^ Al. from ajxa. Unus ex 
 grege servili. f Al. from fames. 
 
 Farferus, some tree supposed to be the 
 white poplar. As flourishing on the 
 banks of the Farfarus, a Sabine river. 
 Ovid : " Araoenae Farfarus umbrae." 
 
 Fatira, abundantly. Fr. <parbs, to be 
 talked of. Of which much may be said. 
 So Sensim, &c. The Latins say Multi- 
 fariam, &c. And this seems true, f Al. 
 from acpdroos, ('(pdrcas,) inexpressibly. 
 
 Fel,fellis, gall. Fr. tpavAos, juice be- 
 ing understood. See Bilis. % Todd re- 
 fers to S&x.felle, gall, anger ; and quotes 
 Spenser : '* Untroubled of vile fear or 
 bitter fell." f Al.from x<»4 See Fa- 
 mes. 
 
 F'erice, holidays, festive-days. Fr. 
 tepal i. e. rjfiepai, sacred days. Hence 
 fierce, ferice. *ft Al. from the North. 
 " Germ, feyren is to celebrate, and feyre 
 a festivity." W. IT Al. from ferio. 
 From the killing of victims. But E should 
 thus be short. 
 
 Ferrum, iron. Wachter : " From 
 Germ, wer, arms, instruments of de- 
 fence." Haigh : " Fr. yeppov, a shield, an 
 instrument of defence : iEol. fieppov." 
 Or from Germ, wer, war : being the in- 
 strument of carrying it on. % Al. from 
 6epu, JEol. (pepoo, (See Ferveo,) to heat, 
 melt. 1F Al. from ferio. The instrument 
 of striking in war. 
 
 Festino, I hasten. Fr. festim, (whence 
 confestim,) fr. crirevarbs, (fr. o~irev8w, etr- 
 TrevffTcu,) aspirated o-cpevcrrbs, then <£>eucr- 
 rbs, (as from ^aAAw is Fallo,) and <pea- 
 ros. Wachter: " If we transpose o-irevda) 
 into xeucrSco, we have a word very near 
 festinus." f" Or festim is possibly for/era- 
 stim fr. fendo, fensi, fenstum, (like Hau- 
 si, Haustum,) to strike upon, and so sud- 
 denly. Hence festim will be suddenly, 
 and so quickly, f Al. from %ara.i pp. of 
 eo>, to hurl. As plix<pa, swiftly, from 
 piTTTca. F, as in Firmus. f Al. from the 
 north. " The Franks said lieist, keister, 
 for the German Hast, that is, Hasty." 
 W. 
 
 Flamen, a priest appointed to some 
 particular God. For qfflamen fr. affio. 
 Afflatus a Diis. f Al. from the fla- 
 meum, which was worn by the Flamen 
 Dialis. ^[ Al. fox filamen ir.filum. "Sive 
 quod filum esset annexum pileo sacerdo- 
 tali, sive quod solo filo, urgente asstu, ca- 
 put cingerent." V. IF A 1. for plamen for 
 pileamen. As distinguished by the pi- 
 leus. 
 
 Fceteo, Feteo, to stink. For foedeo or 
 fedeo fr. fcedus or fedus, which Varro 
 states the Sabines said for hoedus. To 
 smell like a goat. % Al. for foedeo fr. 
 fcedus, filthy. 
 
 Fovea, a pitfall. Fr.fodio, whence fo- 
 diva, (like Cadiva,) fodivea, (as Alveus 
 from Alvus for Alivus from Alo,) then 
 fovea. 1T Some suppose fovio was the old 
 form oifodio. 
 
 Foveo, I warm, keep warm, cherish. 
 For foeo fr. <p6ws. «fccDs is translated by 
 Donnegan (inter alia) a blazing hearth, a 
 fire, ^f Al. from focus, whence focivus, 
 fociveo, foveo. 
 
 Fraxinus, an ash. Fr. Opdffffw, 0pd^w, 
 Mo\. <ppd£o), (as @7]p, «Hp,) to disturb. 
 Ovid : " Ut quatitur tepido fraxina 
 virga Noto." f Al. from frago, fragsi, 
 fraxij as Ago, Axi. As strong in break- 
 ing. Hesiod derives the third age of 
 men from ash-trees, as being robust. % 
 " From <ppdl-is, a hedge. From its use in 
 forming hedges." Tt. 
 
 Frlnum, Frcenum, a bit, bridle. Fr. 
 frendo, whence frendinum,frendnum,fre- 
 num. Quod facit ut equus frendat. 1f 
 Al. from the northern renna, 1 constrin- 
 gere, whence our rein. F, as in Firmus. 
 
 Frit, a small grain at the top of an ear 
 of corn. " A frio f quia facile friatur. 
 
 1 See Todd ad Rein. 
 
FU — HE 
 
 OF THE MOST DUBIOUS DERIVATIONS. 
 
 35 
 
 Sed credibile est legendum frix a </>pl|, 
 horror : quia summa pars spicas horret 
 aristis." F. 
 
 Fungor, I discharge, execute. Haigh : 
 " Fr. vvis, a plough-share, and ago, [or 
 #7«], I drive. For funagor, to plough : 
 metaph. to perform any other thing." % 
 Al. horn, funis, a cord, and ago. I bound 
 or make a boundary by drawing a cord. 
 
 Galbei or Calbei, bracelets. Also, a 
 bandage girt round the arm like a brace- 
 let, and containing amulets. For garbei or 
 carbei, (as piLgrim for piRgrim from pe- 
 Regrinus,) fr. Kapirbs, the wrist. ^ Al. 
 from galbus. From the color. 
 
 Galena, the ore of lead and silver ; or 
 the ore which remains after the stannum 
 and the argentum are melted off. " Fr. ye- 
 Ae?z/, to shine." V. The Germ, gall is 
 to shine : and yaXdco probably existed in 
 Greek, as appears by the word yaX-fjvr]. 
 E?ia, as in Habena. 
 
 Getriinus, double, twin. Supposed to 
 be transposed from genimus fr. geneo, to 
 bring forth. Why ? It may be deduced 
 with a little more probability from dfxoye- 
 v})s, born together ; transp. dyefiopifs. O 
 dropt as in Ramus, Dentes : and the se- 
 cond O changed into I, as in terminus 
 from reppOvos. 
 
 Gemursa, a corn or swelling under the 
 little toe. Quod gemere faciat. 
 
 Gtna is said to have signified an eye- 
 lid among the ancients. This seems not 
 certainly established. Propertius has 
 " Exustaeque tuas mox, Polypheme, ge- 
 nce." Yet here the part under the eye- 
 lid may be meant. Cicero : '« Gence 
 oculos ab inferiore parte tutantur." The 
 part under the eyelids has a near alliance 
 with the upper part of the cheek. For- 
 cellini thus disposes the senses of gena : 
 (l Membranae tegentes oculos. Hinc de 
 loco oculorum vel de ipsis oculis. Saa- 
 pius sunt partes subjectae oculis, supra 
 malas. Itemque ipsae malas (nam ha?c 
 propter vicinitatem facile confunduntur) 
 exterius, ubi barba nascitur." Forcellini 
 here forgets the Greek y4vvs. 
 
 Giih, a kind of seed. M From Arab. 
 ketsa." Tt. This seems far from the mark. 
 
 Gr&dior, I step, go on, advance. If 
 it has primarily the notion of slow pro- 
 gress or of going step by step, — as gra- 
 dus in Seneca: "A cursu ad gradum 
 
 reduci:" which Forcellini explains "from 
 a quick to a slow pace," — gradior may 
 come from fSpadbs, slow, JEol. ypativs, as 
 B\e<papov was in iEolic TXi<papov : that is, 
 from a word fipctSl^ofiai, fut. fipaUcrofxai, 
 JEo\. fHpafiiovixai, ypaBiovfiai. Thus John- 
 son gives as one of the meanings of To 
 Step " to walk gravely, slowly, or reso- 
 lutely," and quotes Thomson: "Home 
 the swain retreats, His flock before him 
 stepping to the fold." f Al. from iyel- 
 po/tai, I rise ; pp. tfyaprai, whence iydp- 
 S7]v, transp. iypdtirjv, thence gradior, E 
 dropt as in Remus, Liber, &c. If " From 
 Hebr. DRG, incessit per gradus : transp. 
 GRD." V. 
 
 Grex, gregis, a flock, herd. For grax, 
 gragis, (as grEssus for grAssus, brEvis for 
 brAvis,) fr. Kpdfa, Kpa|«, to vociferate, 
 make a noise, f Al. from ayeipu, to as- 
 semble : perf. tfyepfca, tfypeica, 'ypeica. 
 
 Grundiles Lares are said to have been 
 appointed in honor of a sow which brought 
 forth thirty pigs. Fr. grunda, a sow ; 
 from grundio. 1F Al. for suggrundiles, 
 as presiding over such infants as did not 
 live forty days, who were buried in a 
 suggrunda. Fulgentius says that the 
 tombs of infants were called suggrunda- 
 ria. 
 
 Gurgustium, a mean obscure dwelling. 
 Its proper meaning is perhaps a stew, as 
 Forcellini translates it in Cic. in Pison. 6. 
 From gurges, a spendthrift : or a whirl- 
 pool of extravagance and dissipation. % 
 Festus : " Genus habitationis angustum, 
 a gurgulione dictum." 
 
 H. 
 
 Hcedus, Hcedus, H'tdus, a kid. Haigh : 
 " Fr. aldrjs, hell. Because goats and kids 
 were sacrificed to the infernal gods." ^ 
 "From Hebr. gedi." Tt. Quasi gedus, 
 says Vossius. % Al. from yolros, which 
 Hesychius explains dirt. % Al. from/a?- 
 dus, dirty. The Sabines said f 'edits of a kid. 
 
 H&ra, a hog-sty. Fr. x°~P 0S > a hog- 
 But this would make hCEra. 
 
 HUriolus, Ariolus, a diviner. Fr. ara. 
 In the ancient Glosses it is explained 
 fiafioo-icSiros. But A would thus be long. 
 % Perhaps it is connected with Haruspex, 
 Aruspex. 
 
 Hedera, ivy. Quayle refers to Celt. 
 eidhear. f Or it is for edera from edo, 
 like 'E<nr4pa, Patera, Arcera. As corro- 
 ding what it sticks to. f Al. for hetera 
 fr. erdpv, fem. of cto/jos, a companion 
 
536 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 HE — IN 
 
 As never growing by itself, but as ac- 
 companying something else. if Al. from 
 Kirrbs, through many changes. 
 
 Helvetia, a small kind of vegetable. 
 For heluella. " From the ancient helus 
 for holus or olus." F. if Or possibly 
 from helvus from its color. 
 
 Helvus, pale-red. " Fr. ire\bs, ex- 
 plained by Hesychius (inter alia) uxpbs, 
 pale." V. 
 
 Hilum, a black spot in a bean. Any- 
 thing vile or worthless. Fr. tyavXov, vile. 
 We have Heu from #eu. 
 
 Hirsutus, shaggy, bristly, rough. Fr. 
 horreo, horsum, (as Mordeo, Morsum,) 
 ■whence horsutus, (as from Versum is 
 Versutus,) then hirsutus, as Ule for Olle, 
 Imbris from "Oufipos. if Al. from <ppi<r- 
 <ra), ((pipo-ffu,^ to be bristly, if Haigh : 
 " Fr. ^Po^fojs, uncultivated, and so 
 rough.* 5 if Al. from elpos, (e?ps,) wool. 
 
 Histrio, a stage-player. Livy says it 
 comes from a Tuscan word hister, of the 
 same meaning. Whence then hister? 
 if Festus says that stage-players were so 
 called as having come first from Histria. 
 if Al. from Xarai pf. pass, of a verb lot, to 
 liken, represent ; whence proceed %<ros, 
 like, XffKa, and allied to which are efrcw, 
 iiaKCD, €jk<x£"«. % Al. from itrrwp, «tto- 
 pos, (larpos,) one who is skilled or 
 knowing. 
 
 Horia, a small skiff. Fr. Spos, a boun- 
 dary : whence dpia vavs, " quia ea lit- 
 tus legimus," says Vossius. 
 
 Hostis, an enemy. Fr. wcrrbs pp. of 
 £>6ta, whence wdlfruai and wdiaubs, ex- 
 plained by Donnegan "to contend with 
 any one, to dispute against," and " strife, 
 contest." Or wcrrbs is explained, thrust 
 out i. e. from the boundaries. Haigh 
 says : " Fr. ^otttjs, he that pushes." Cicero 
 remarks that hostis anciently signified a 
 foreigner. 
 
 Hostus, the quantity of oil which olives 
 yield at every pressing. Fr. warbs, thrust 
 out. if Al. from x<uor&s, fr° m X^ w 
 whence (or from x* w ) * s X^os, a certain 
 measure. 
 
 Ilex, the holm-oak. Haigh : " Fr. 
 €t\t|, etXiKos, whatever turns or is turned 
 round, small tendons, ivy, &c." But ilex 
 should thus mean rather the ivy, not the 
 tree. Unless e'/Ai£ could be taken, as 
 that round which ivy turns. We have in 
 Horace, " Arctius atque iiedera proce- 
 
 ra astringitUT ilex." if Al. for illex, illi- 
 cis, fr. illicio. From its attracting ivy. 
 if " From Hebr. alah or alon." Tt. 
 
 Immanis, huge, enormous; terrible to 
 look at, frightful, fierce. Fr. fxaybs, wide. 
 Haigh translates pavbs " clear, thin, 
 wide, soft." Pid immanis mean properly 
 terrible, /xavbs in the sense of Soft might 
 be adduced. And in would be negative. 
 if Al. from in, not, and manus. As pro- 
 perly applied to fragments of stones, 
 rocks, &c. too large for the hand to carry, 
 and opposed to Gr. ^ep/icSSia from x e ^P> 
 Xep<k. A is short in manus ? Yet Per- 
 sona has O long perhaps from Persono. if 
 Al. from ifxfiav^s, furious. But hugeness of 
 size seems to be the primary sense of im- 
 manis. This reason goes against a deri- 
 vation from an old word manus, good, 
 mentioned by Macrobius, and referred by 
 Wachter to jxaoa, 1 desire : i. e. desireable, 
 good, as Afpcrros from Acta, Aw. 
 
 Inchoo, I begin. Festus: "It seems 
 to be derived from the Greek, since He- 
 siod calls Chaos the beginning of all 
 things." if Al.from the ancient cohum, the 
 world. The word is spelt also incoho. 
 if Or from 67x0a pf. mid. of £yx*(0, to 
 pour, i. e. libations at sacrifices, which 
 was the first thing done at them. 
 
 Inciens, tis, being near the time of 
 bringing forth. Fr. iynvwv, ovros, preg- 
 nant, if " Ab inciere, incitare. Sese 
 ciens seu incitans et movens ad fcetum pa- 
 riendum." V. 
 
 Incilo, I chide. " Dictis asperis mor- 
 deo. Vossius vellet ab incieo, commo- 
 veo. Alii ab incido, concido." F. if 
 Al. from a word iyx^^ow, a), from x^Aos, 
 a lip. Then incilo is to ridicule. Valc- 
 kenaer : " XXevr), ridicule, is for x^vti 
 from x*^ 05 same as x e ^ os » a ^P* That 
 is, I move my lips in ridicule. As eVtA- 
 Atfw is to roll the eyes in ridicule." 
 
 Indigtto, Indigito, I invoke. For in- 
 diceto, indicito, from indi for indu, i. e. 
 in, (as in. Induperator,) and cito, I call 
 upon. But, if indigEto is the true read- 
 ing, as some write it, this derivation will 
 not account for the E. 
 
 Instar, i. e. ad instar, after the manner 
 of. Fr. insto, i. e. vestigiis. Pliny : 
 " Lsetaris quod honoribus ejus insis- 
 tam." if Al. for istar fr. eiarai pp. of 
 ito-o-a, to liken. See Histrio. 
 
 InsuMdus: " Inconsiderate, silly. Cui 
 nok subit quid agendum sit. Or fr. subi- 
 dus, in which case in increases the force. 
 Some translate it, unbecoming, inelegant, 
 uncouth." F. See Subidus. if Al. for 
 
jU— LE OF THE MOST DUBIOUS DERIVATIONS- 
 
 537 
 
 insupidus from sapio, as sAlsus, insUi- 
 sus : or from insipio, as reclpero, recU - 
 pero. Insubidus is exchanged by some 
 for insipidus and insolitus. *H Or, as 
 from Floreo is FloriDus, and from Subeo 
 is Subitus in the sense of sudden, so in- 
 subidus might possibly be formed in the 
 sense of very sudden, and so rash. 
 
 Jug&la, the constellation Orion. Varro : 
 " Hujus signi caput dicitur ex stellis qua- 
 tuor, quas infra dua? claraa, quas appel- 
 lant humeros, inter quas quod videtur ju- 
 gulum. Unde Jugula." 
 
 L. 
 
 L&btirum, the imperial standard, ban- 
 ner, or flag. Wachter : '* Signum militare, 
 panniculi vel laciniae instar ex liasta vel 
 pertica suspensum. Rem et nomen rei a 
 Barbaris ad Romanos venisse, ostendit 
 Cangius. Labarum Germanorum jam cer- 
 nitur in nummis Augusti cum inscriptione 
 PE GERMANIS. Omnis pannigulus 
 veteribus Britannis et Germanis appella- 
 tur larp, lapr, lap." % A writer in the 
 Classical Journal (Vol. 4, p. 228,) sup- 
 poses that, as S. P. Q. R. is a combina- 
 nation of letters to represent an equal 
 number of terms, (Senatus Populus Que 
 Romanus,) so Labarum is made up of the 
 initials "Legionum Aquila Byzantium 
 Antiqua Roma Urbe Mutabit." 
 
 Labrusca, wild-vine or bryony. il Fr. 
 labrum. As growing in the ridges or lips 
 of fields." Tt. 
 
 Laburnum, the laburnum. " Fr. la- 
 bium [or labrum]. Because it has la- 
 biated leaves." Tt. 
 
 LUcerna, a kind of overall, cloak or 
 great coat. Fr. lacio, to draw, drag, as 
 Lateo, Laterna. Among the Greeks crvp- 
 fia was a floating robe with a long train, 
 fr. cvp<a, a£<Tvpii.ai, to draw, drag. ** For- 
 ma lacernce fuit chlamydi similis, aperta 
 et laxa, longior tamen et fluxior." F. 
 % Al. for lacertina, as covering the (/a- 
 certos) arms. 
 
 Lticertus, Lltceria, a lizard. Vossius : 
 " Isidorus : ' Ita vocatus quod brachia 
 habeat.' Ubi pedes lacertorum brachiis 
 comparat ; partim quia pedes eorum tan- 
 quam e palmis sive volis in digitos fiu- 
 duntur ; partim quia pedes in obliquum 
 flectunt, ut homo manus, cum quadrupes 
 ingreditur." f Al. for laceratus. Why ? 
 1f Lhuyd : " Irish laghairt." 
 
 Ldg'eos, a kind of vine. Vossius : " Fr. 
 Xdyeios, pertaining to hares." Perhaps 
 from its color. Heyne (ad Georg. 2, 93,) 
 
 m. 
 
 Etyi 
 
 says of the word : " Commodam etymo- 
 logiamnon habet." 
 
 Lar, Lttris, a God of cities, fields, 
 dwelling-houses, &c. Traced to an E- 
 truscan word signifying prince or presi- 
 dent. Whence then this Etruscan word ? 
 IF Haigh : " From hapbs, agreeable, 
 pleasant." Why ? % Al. from \avpai. 
 As presiding over streets and ways. 
 Whither has the v fled ? 
 
 Larva, a spectre, goblin; a mask; a 
 self-moving puppet. " From Lar, a fa- 
 miliar spirit," says Turton. For lariva. 
 
 Laurus, a laurel. Fr. Katyvrj, which is 
 explained dd<pvrj by Hesychius. Or A is 
 changed to L, as in Licet, Levir, &c. 
 Hence labna, as &(jl$oo, amBo ; and launa, 
 as vaQXa and vatXa are interchanged, 
 and as aUfugio is for aBfugio. Or thus : 
 laphna, lavna, launa. Thence laura, as 
 /uoN^, moRa ; SeiNbs, diRus. The ter- 
 mination changed, as in pausA from irav- 
 <rI2, imbrlS from op/HpO^, &c. f Hesy- 
 chius has : Aavpov r-rjv Zdtyvnv. But this 
 Aavpov is probably from the Latin. % 
 Haigh : " Fr. x Aw P^ s > green." The % 
 being dropt, as in Laena from XXalva. 
 Laurus then is for lorus, as Aurea for 
 Orea. IT Al. from achW, whence a-rro- 
 Xaica, to enjoy. Laurels were eaten by 
 the priests and poets. Hence Gr. §a<pvi)- 
 (pwyos. Juvenal has in this sense " lau- 
 rum momobdit," and ddcpvw is perhaps 
 fr. tidiTTca, 5e'5a0a. f Al. from laus. 
 Being given as a meed of praise to con- 
 querors at the games. Servius states that 
 ii was formerly laudus. % Al. from lavo, 
 lauo. " Pollet enim singulari vi ad pur- 
 gandum sanguinem." Ainsw. 
 
 LegulcB aurium, the flaps of the ears. 
 " Quasi ligtilce" says Forcellini. Why 
 E for I ? 
 
 Lemures, ghosts, goblins. Soft for 
 Remures, and properly the manes of Re- 
 mus. Hence Lemuria, a festival to the 
 shades of departed friends. Properly, to 
 the manes of Remus. As instituted by 
 Romulus to appease the manes of his 
 brother whom he slew. Ovid ; " Romu- 
 lus obsequitur, lucemque Remuria dixit 
 Iilam, qua, positis justa feruntur avis. 
 Aspera mutata est in lenem tempore lon- 
 go Litera, quas toto nomine prima fuit. 
 Mox etiam Lemures animas dixisse silen- 
 tum : Is verbi sensus, vis ea vocis erat." 
 f Al. for levimures from levimur from le- 
 vis, as Femur for Ferimur from Fero. 
 
 Lessus, a lamentation for the death of 
 any one. Fr. H\rj(ris, KXytrais, a calling, 
 calling out to. 
 
 3 Y 
 
538 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 LE MU 
 
 Leucocrota, a pernicious Indian animal. 
 Perhaps an Indian word. Some read 
 leococrota from leo, and cocrota or co- 
 crotta, which see. 
 
 Liceor, I bid money for, offer a price 
 for. " That is, rogo quo pretio liceat au- 
 ferre," says Adam. But how do we get 
 liceor from this ? % Al. for diceor (as 
 Licet, &c.) fr. dinaiovf.iai, dicceor, in a 
 middle sense, I judge worthy. 
 
 Licium, thread, yarn; thread, string, 
 cord. Also, the warp of a web. Vos- 
 sius : " A Al£, obliquus. Quia obliquum 
 stamini implicatur. Al. pro ligium o.ligo. 
 Quia utrimque iis stamina ligantur. Pro- 
 bat Scaliger. Al. pro elicium ab elicio. 
 Quia nendo elicitur educiturque." But 
 the I in Ligo and Elicio is short. 
 
 Lien, the milt or spleen. " Fr. Aetos, 
 soft or smooth." Tt. " So the Belgians 
 call it Milte from Mild, i. e. mollis, le- 
 iris." V. 
 
 Limus, oblique, awry. " From \eipa, 
 an animal like a snail, mentioned by 
 Hesychius. That is, tortuous." Ainsw. 
 5F Al. from \4\eifu.fAcu (whence Gr. At- 
 /xbs,) pp. of Aeforco, to leave. Leaving the 
 direct way. 
 
 Lara, a ridge between two furrows. 
 Vossius: "From Hebr. nir, a furrow." 
 Hence then Mr, as Airpov and Uirpov are 
 interchanged. 
 
 Lbdix, a blanket or sheet. For lotix, 
 (a9 menDax for menTax,) fr. lotum. 
 f* As it is necessary to wash them from 
 time to time." V. 
 
 Loligo, the cuttle fish. And, because 
 it ejects a kind of blood black like ink, it 
 is put for the spite of a black-hearted ma- 
 levolent man. Fr. 66\os, the black sub- 
 stance ejected by it. © into L, as some 
 derive Lorica from ®<H>pnKa. D, which is 
 often confounded with TH, is often 
 changed in Latin to L. Igo, as in Rubigo. 
 But O should be short. 
 
 Lucta, a wrestling. From a word Acck- 
 fhs, whence \aKrlfa, to kick. U for A, 
 as in Culmus, Mulceo. 
 
 Lutum, the herb woad, of use in dye- 
 ing. Fr. Xevubv, shining, bright. From 
 the golden color of its flower. So mus- 
 Tum from fx6(rXov. We have AeuKeria 
 and LuTetia, Ke2Vos and Twos.- 1T Al. 
 from luitum supine of /mo, diluo. 
 
 M. 
 
 Mdctria, a garden-wall, park-wall. 
 For mageria, manugeria, i. e. manu ag- 
 
 gesta. % Al. from fiaicpbs, long ; whence 
 macer and maceries. % Al. from macer, 
 thin. As made of brick without mortar. 
 
 3Iantlsa or Mantissa, an addition. 
 Scaliger : " For manu-tensa, manu-tessa, 
 (as paSsum for paNsum,) mantessa, 
 mantissa. For the mantissa was given 
 by the hand, not contained in the weight." 
 Festus however says it is a Tuscan word 
 and Forcellini sides with him. 
 
 Marrubium, the herb horehound. 
 " From Hebr. mar rob, a bitter juice. 
 From its bitterness." Tt. 
 
 Martes, a martern, a large kind of 
 weasel. From Mars, Martis. Bestia 
 martia et pugnax. " Quod vi marti& 
 mures gallinasqae necet." F. IT " Mar- 
 der, matter Germ. Martre French. Mar- 
 tori Ital. Mcerd Suec. Marta Span." W. 
 
 Martulus, a mallet. Fr. fx^ipoo, fjJfiap- 
 rcu, to divide. Wachter refers it to 
 Germ, barten, to beat. Another reading 
 is marculus traced to fxdpw, fj.sfj.apKa. Or 
 supposed to be soft for malculus fr. ficc- 
 Kaaica, ixtfiakaxa», (/Ue)uaAxa,) to soften. 
 
 Matuta, the Goddess of the morning. 
 For manituta, from mane, the morning, 
 and tueor, tutum. As guarding the 
 morning. 
 
 Mediusfidius. Fidius was a name of 
 Hercules, and mediusfidius is Me servet 
 dius Hercules. But whence is Fidius ? 
 
 Mentula, virile membrum. *« A blan- 
 dientibus nutriculis, quae ut puerum Cor- 
 culum vel Animulam suam vocant : ita et 
 partem earn tractantes qua. masculi sunt, 
 Mentulam i. e. mentem suam nominare 
 eos soleant." Perott. See Putillus. 
 
 Migro, I change my habitation. *' From 
 Hebr. MGYR, peregrinatio." Ainsw. 
 IT Al. for megro (See Niger, Liber,) fr. 
 psyapov, fj,4ypov. That is, I establish my 
 house in a place. Somewhat as oltclfa is 
 used for settling a colony in another 
 country. If Al. from fxlo), fj.efj.iKa, to 
 move. See Mico. R, as in Flagro. 
 
 Milium, millet. Fr. eAu/ios, whence a 
 word e\vjj,iov, transp. ijxvKiov, 'fivAiov, as 
 Lamina from 'EAajueVa. % Al. from /xe- 
 Xiun. " But," says Dacier, " fieAlvw is 
 panic, which is different from millet. 
 Unless milium received it3 name from a 
 certain likeness between the two." 
 
 Mucrq, a sharp point ; the point of a 
 weapon, sword, &c. ; a sword ; an end, 
 i. e. the extreme point. Isaac Vossius 
 notes : " MdKpoova' rbv b^vv. 'Epv0pa7oi." 
 IF Al. from /xdxaipa, a sword, or fiaxai- 
 p&v ; whence fj.axa.pa or (xaxapccv, whence 
 mucro, as Culmus from KaAa/*os. But 
 
MU — PE 
 
 OF THE MOST DUBIOUS DERIVATIONS, 
 
 539 
 
 mucro is properly a point, f Al. for pu- 
 cro (M and P being letters of the same 
 organ : See Multus,) fr. pugo, pungo. 
 f Al. from fjiiKpbs, or fiaupbs, or mico. 
 
 Mullus, a mullet or barbel. Fr. mugil, 
 mugilis, whence mugilus, muglus, mullus. 
 1F Al. from [jliiWos, which was a fish, but 
 not the same as the mullus. 
 
 Muto, onis, rb aldolov avdp&ov. Vossius 
 reducit ad [ivrrbs, " quomodo Hesychio 
 teste vocatur rb ywaacelov." Sed hoc 
 immane quantum distat. % Addit Vos- 
 sius : «« Apud Hesychium est et fivrns, 
 6 npbs Tcfc acppodicria iKheAvfAtvos." ^ 
 Forcellini explicat Subagito (verb, ob- 
 scen.) per Concutio. Etforsan ad6r} apud 
 Grascos est a ado*, iadOrfv, (unde aaivca,) 
 quatio. Unde potest fieri ut muto (haud 
 aliter atque Muto, Mutavi,) sit a moveo, 
 movitum. 
 
 N. 
 
 Nimis, too much. Vossius : ** Ni- 
 mium, from vh} [isiov, non minus." So 
 Haigh and Ainsworth. Rather, nimium 
 is fr. nimius, this from nimis. Nimis 
 from tie mintls, which preserves the same 
 idea : Not too little, but on the contrary 
 too much. Nimis, ne dum minils. Fr. 
 ne minils is nemis, somewhat as Potes 
 from Potis-es : then nimis, as liber and 
 pllco for lEber and plEco. 
 
 Nitela, Nitedula, a field-mouse. Dale- 
 camp derives it fr. niteo, " a nitore pilo- 
 rum et cutis." Vossius objects that the 
 I is long in Martial V, 38. But it seems 
 agreed that this word has no business 
 there. In Horace Ep. I, vii, 29, Bentley 
 indeed reads nitedula for Vulpecula, 
 where I must be long. But this is mere 
 conjecture, f " Quia nitatur scandendo 
 arbores," says Vossius. 
 
 Nuntio, Nuncio, I bring news, report. 
 Nuncio for nucio, (as N is added in 
 Splendeo, Lingo, &c.) from a word veov- 
 Xos, one who has news ; whence a word 
 veovx'ifa, fut. veovx^o, reou^tcS, whence 
 neucio, nucio. % Scaliger : "As from 
 %v, kvbs, is oiiy/da, uncia : so from v4os is 
 vovymos, nuncius." 5T Nuncius has been 
 referred to nova scio, whence noviscitis, 
 noicius, nucius. Qui scit nova, or Per 
 quern nova scimus. 
 
 O. 
 
 Ocrea, a boot or greave. From a word 
 QKpos, same as &icpos, high. The Greeks 
 
 called a high shoe or buskin 'Ouplfias. 
 And this account seems true, f Al. from 
 obcrus, as Gr. Kvrjfxls fr. Kv-fj/nj. For ob- 
 crurea, (like Ferrea,) whence obcrea, 
 ocrea. *H Al. from oKpis, rugged. Festus : 
 " Quod sit insequaliter protuberata." I 
 suppose, crumpled like our military boots. 
 
 R 
 
 Pane, Penl, almost. Fr. -niXas, says 
 
 Vossius. How ? 
 
 Pampinus, the tender shoot or leaves 
 of a vine, vine-shoot, vine-leaf, vine- 
 branch. Martini: * From irda afiirl 
 cXvr\v, herba circa vitem." Hence poam- 
 pinus, pampinus. If Al. from 7r6a afnri- 
 Aiuos. 
 
 Panttca, a kind of earthern drinking 
 vessel. "Some state that the Panaci were 
 a people of Rhaetia, whence panaca." F. 
 TT Al. from ira.vA.Kns, all -healing. 
 
 Ptirada, the cover of a ship. "It 
 seems to be a Gallic word." F. It is 
 used by Ausonius and Sidonius. " Para- 
 da herba est notissima. An ex ea fieri 
 potuit teges ?" Delph. Ed. 
 
 Passer, a sparrow. Fr. tyap, rpapbs, ex- 
 plained by Hesychius a species of spar- 
 row. That is, from tyapbs, Ttaapbs, transp. 
 7racrcr6p. % Al. from anapdcnov, (transp. 
 Tra.ffaa.piov,) explained by Hesychius a 
 bird like a sparrow. % u From Hebr. 
 tsipor." Tt. 
 
 Patagium, an ornament sewed to the 
 top of a woman's tunic. Fr. <T7ra0a«, to 
 riot, to be prodigal ; pf. iairdQana, whence 
 airadaKLov, an expensive ornament. Hence 
 spathagium, spatagium, then patagium, as 
 from 2*c£a\« is Fallo. And this may be 
 true. % Scaliger thinks that patagus was 
 a disease which left behind no trace of it 
 but marks in the body ; and that the pa- 
 tagium was interspersed with such marks. 
 
 Pausea, Pausia, a kind of olive. " Si 
 Servio credere placet, a paviendo, tun- 
 dendo. Aliter enim ex se oleum non fa- 
 cit." F. For pavisea then. Crederenon 
 plaoet. 
 
 Pendeo, I hang, am poised or sus- 
 pended. I overhang. I am in suspense, 
 am uncertain. I hang on, depend, rest 
 on. I am placed up, as said of laws or 
 advertisements. Fr. penna, a wing ; 
 thence pennidus, pennideo, pendeo, some- 
 what as Aveo, Avidus, Avideo, Audeo. 
 As taken from birds poising themselves 
 on their wings. Ovid : *« Olor niveis 
 pendebat in aera penni$." 
 
540 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 PE — RE 
 
 Pero, a shoe made of raw hides. Fr. 
 pera, a sack. As being as inconvenient 
 and illshaped as a sack about the legs. 
 IF Al. from irripa, a wallet made of leather ; 
 and thence applied to other things made 
 of leather. 
 
 Persolata, Persolldta, the herb burdock. 
 Vossius : " In Greek Ttpocrdnnov from TrpdV- 
 wirov, a mask. In consequence of its 
 wide leaves it was used as a kind of mask 
 to keep off the heat of the sun. So from 
 persona, personula, persolla, we have per- 
 sollata." Personata is also said. 
 
 Pisinnus, a little child. For pusinnus 
 fr. pusus. Why I for U ? 
 
 Planta, a sprout, shoot, graft, scion ; 
 the whole tree, a plant. Referred to 
 fi\ao~Tbs, a young shoot. Rather, from 
 a word jSAckttoVtj, (like /lctj^ANH, ep- 
 kANH, &c.) whence blastna, for softness 
 blatna, transp. blania, then planta. % 
 Dacier : " What Festus says, may 
 be true, that planta is so called from the 
 similitude of the human foot, since Pes 
 is similarly applied. Varro has Betas 
 pedes." f Todd notices Sax. plant and 
 plantian. 
 
 Polimenta is explained by Festus, 
 " testiculi porcorum, cum eos castrabant." 
 Fr. pola, a ball. Festus : H Polit, pila. 
 ludit." Pola, allied to ir6\os, a circle or 
 globe. Some suppose pola put for polla 
 fr. irdXAa, which Hesychius explains a 
 ball. Compare pOllen and pOrrum. 
 
 PorticuS) a piazza, portico. Fr. <pepco, 
 ■nicpopTcu, to carry, bear, hence to sustain. 
 A portico was composed of a roof sup- 
 ported by marble, pillars. 
 
 Potus is explained by Forcellini, puer 
 delicatus. A iroVft?;, rb aldolov avdpelov ; 
 unde iroQQt), irorrt]. The word occurs in 
 Catalect. Virg. : " Dispeream nisi me 
 perdidit iste potus. Sin autem pragcepta 
 vetant me dicere, sane Non dicam : sed 
 me perdidit iste puer." That is, says 
 Vossius : If the lavv3 of metre prevent me 
 from saving potus, because O is long, 
 then I will say Puer. Heyne reads putus: 
 " Putus pro puero, prima syllaba longa, 
 in metri rationem peccat." 
 
 Procestrium: '* A kind of fortification 
 made {pro castris) before a camp. An 
 antechamber for the prince's guard." 
 Ainsw. It is explained by Festus "quo 
 proceditur in muro." He seems to de- 
 rive it from procedo, processum. The 
 word occurs in Pliny Ep. 2, 17 : but 
 others read a different word. 
 
 Prcelium, Pralium, battle. Jones : 
 " From irp6\is, a foot-soldier." Donne- 
 
 gan : " TlpvXees, heavy-armed infantry ; 
 or, according to others, standing in close 
 ranks. In Manelho, opposed to cavalry." 
 But how (E or 2E for U ? f "From 
 irpolKis, a dance in armor," says Isaac 
 Vossius. W r here is this word found ? 
 % Al. from irpb and tXrj, a troop. That 
 is, from a word irpo'iXiov. But how is this to 
 be understood? A battle fought by troop 
 opposed to troop, 1a?j irpb ^Atjs ? Compare 
 the expression In procinctu. 
 
 Pulpa, the pulp of meat, flesh without 
 the bone. Hence the pith or soft part in 
 trees. For palpa, (as cUicita, lUbricus, for 
 cAlcita, lAbricus,and as vice versa, vAlvae 
 for v01vae,)fr. palpo, considered the same 
 aspalpito, to quiver. "Quia mollis est 
 et tremula." V. 5T Al. from irdAAw, to 
 quiver. 
 
 Pulpitum, a gallery, raised floor, stage ; 
 desk, pulpit. Martini : " A fioAfibs, quia 
 instar bulbi tumet." if Al. from 7roAu- 
 fiarov, (iroXfiarov,} much walked upon. 
 Or from TroAvtparou, (Tr6A<pa.Tov,). Where 
 much is spoken. 
 
 R. 
 
 Rdcemus. Forcellini : " Proprie vi- 
 detur esse pars uvaa, paucis granis pecu- 
 liari pediculo pendentibus constans." Ser- 
 vius explains it "pars botryonis." And 
 Gloss. Philox. explains it napacpvas ttjs 
 aracpvAris. Forcellini adds : "In locis 
 poetarum allatis racemi possunt et acini 
 seu grana uvarum intelligi : in Plinii non 
 possunt." Fr. pa£, paybs, a grape-berry. 
 
 Ranceo, to get mouldy or musty. Fr. 
 fiapaivo), pf. fiefxapayKa, (/j-dpayica,) to 
 wither, make to decay. Ma dropt, as 
 Fa in Lactis from TdAaKros. 
 
 RUtis, pieces of timber fastened toge- 
 ther ; a float ; a boat. For patrrbs, (parbs,) 
 stitched, f Haigh : " Fr. fipadbs, slow. 
 As worked slowly and with difficulty." 
 
 Rechtimus, a pulley. " A pccxfibs, 
 scissura. Quia truncus, in quern orbiculi 
 inseruntur, excavatur et quodammodo 
 scinditur." V. Rather from p^jfia, a 
 crevice ; or a word pyyiu.6s. 
 
 Relicinus, drawn back. Forcellini ex- 
 plains Frons relicina " qua? reflexis in 
 verticem capillis nuda apparet." And 
 adds : " From re and lacio ; whence reli- 
 cio, to draw back, as Allicio, to draw to- 
 wards." 1f Vossius refers it to licinus. 
 Gloss. Vet. : " Licinus, avdQpi^." And 
 Servius explains licini boves " qui sursum 
 
RE — SA 
 
 OF THE MOST DUBIOUS DERIVATIONS. 
 
 541 
 
 versum cornua liabent." Whence then is 
 Ucinus ? 
 
 Ren, a rein. Renes, the reins. " Ren, 
 from <f)p}}v, whence fierdtypevov." Ainsw. 
 But the old word was rien. Plautus : 
 *' Glaber erat tanquam rien." % Whiter : 
 " We njust surely think that the Latin 
 ren belongs to Celt, aren." Quayle refers 
 to Celt, airne. The Belgic is nier, which 
 transposed is rien. 
 
 Replum. Baldus explains it " tota ilia 
 valvarum pars quae inter impages tabu- 
 lam totam interiorem replet." Forcellini 
 says: "In hac voce explicanda valde 
 sudant interpretes, nee inter se conve- 
 niunt." 
 
 Retro, behind, back. Fr. ipijrvu), 'pvj- 
 rva, to keep back. % Al. from pew, which 
 Donnegan translates (inter alia) " to pass 
 away, glide away, fall away." This 
 agrees with the sense of re in Recedo, 
 &c. " The world recedes — it disap- 
 pears — " 
 
 Rica, a little cloak or mantle or ker- 
 chief or hood with which women covered 
 their heads in sacrifices. Dacier : 
 " Fr. peKos, (pet/cos,) which Hesychius 
 explains £5>a, %&vr\. So that rica 
 properly meant a head-band, and was so 
 applied to kerchiefs, diadems, mitres, &c. 
 And then to a mantle or cloak covering 
 the head." % Al. for reica fr. reicio, re- 
 jicio. As throwing the hair back. Or as 
 thrown behind the back. 
 
 Ricinum, Ricinium, Recinium, Reici- 
 nium, a woman's short cloak. For reji- 
 cinium, fr. rejicio. Servius : " Recinus 
 dicitur ab eo quod post tergum rejicitur." 
 Varro : " Ricinio utebantur duplici. Ab 
 eo quod dimidiam partem retrorsumjacie- 
 bant : ab rejiciendo." % Others refer 
 these words to rica. 
 
 RUdis, in its natural state, unwrought, 
 unformed, rough, rude. Unskilled, un- 
 polished. Fr. raudus, tris, A being ne- 
 glected. ^[ Al. from ruo, as Viridis. In 
 a state of overthrow. Ruidus is used by 
 Pliny in the sense of rudis. 
 
 RmneXy sour dock, a kind of sorrel. 
 " From the oriental ramach, a spear. 
 From the shape of its root." Tt. Rumex 
 is indeed a weapon resembling a Gallic 
 spear in Gell. 10, 25, and Lucil. apud 
 Fest. f " Fr. rumo, to suck. (See Bu- 
 ma.) As they sucked its juice to quench 
 thirst. Or for strumex fr. struma. Pliny 
 calls it ' ad strumas efficacissimus.' " V. 
 
 Rumpus. Varro : " Ped amentum fere 
 quatuor generum . . . Quartum est pe- 
 d amentum nativum ejus generis, ubi ex 
 
 arboribus in arbores traductis vitibus vi- 
 nea fit: quas traduces quidarn rutnpos 
 appellant." Vossius : " From rumpo. 
 As being torn from a tree, to be taken 
 elsewhere. Whence it is called also Tra- 
 dux." 
 
 S. 
 
 Sdgio, I am quick-scented ; I have a 
 quick perception. From Pers. sag, a 
 dog. 
 
 Sancus, the Sabine name for Hercules, 
 and therefore probably of a northern 
 origin. 
 
 Sandttpila, a bier for the poor. Fr. 
 craviSo-TriieXos, i. e. from cravh, aavlSos 
 and TrveX6s. " Hoc est, asser sive tabula 
 loculi vel arcs. Erat enim sandapila lo- 
 culus ligneus, sive area ex tabulis et asseri- 
 bus compacta." V. Or from aavldaTrveAov, 
 a-avlfia being the accusative, f Al. from 
 &vTa tvAtjs, as placed before the door. 
 
 Sttnies, putrid blood. " From llebr. 
 SNH, to be changed. For sanies is 
 blood changed." V. TT Al. for sanguies 
 fr, sanguis. 
 
 Sanna, a wry mouth made in jeering 
 and scoffing. " From Hebrew SN, a 
 tooth." V. As To Taunt is referred to 
 Tand, a tooth. f " From Hebrew 
 SNYNH, aculeata oratio," says Ca- 
 saubon. 5T Al. from cravvas, a fool ; a 
 word used by Cratinus. That by which 
 we make another appear foolish or ridi- 
 culous. 1[ Al. from (Tavui fut. of aaivw, 
 to shake, move. " One mode of derision 
 is by putting one's thumbs on one's tem- 
 ples', and by moving the other fingers and 
 the rest of the hand as an ass moves its 
 ears." Ed. Delph. on the line of Persius : 
 " Nee manus auriculas imitata est mo- 
 bilis albas?' 
 
 Sapinus, Sappinm, the lower part of 
 a tree which part has no knots. It is 
 also the fir-tree itself. " Fuller refers it 
 to the Hebrew SPYNH, ships. Servius : 
 Est abietis species apta navibus quam 
 sapinum vulgo vocant." V. 
 
 Sapio, I have a taste, relish, or savor. 
 Fr. sapor (Compare Sopor and Sopio,) 
 fr. onbs, juice, ^Eol. ok op. When 
 Horace says " Ova succi melioris," Succi 
 is taste. S added as in Sagitta, Signum, 
 &c, and O for A, as Paro and Lavo are 
 thought to be put for Poro and Lovo. 1F 
 Al. from Saxon scepe, sap. f " From 
 Hebrew SPH, a lip, mouth, with winch 
 we taste." Ainsw. 
 
542 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 SA — SI 
 
 Sarda, a kind of young tunny. Per- 
 haps as being a native of Sardis, or of 
 Sardinia which in Greek is 5ap8w. 
 
 Sarmadacus. Augustin : " Ille planus 
 erat, de iis quos sarmadacos jam vulgus 
 vocat." Forcellini : " Acron on Horace 
 seems to say that there was one Samar- 
 da, who used to deceive the people in the 
 Circus : that from him were called the 
 sarmadaci whom he joins with the Sor- 
 tilege." % Al. from aap/xbs, explained by 
 Suidas a bank. We say Mountebanks. 
 
 Sarracum, a kind of waggon or car- 
 riage. Dacier : " Pollux explains crd- 
 paicos a vessel in which the instruments 
 of actors were put. Soracum and sara- 
 cum are the same. Saracum is explained 
 by the Glosses Vehiculum. We will say 
 then that soracum was called first a ve- 
 hicle in which was a basket or vessel for 
 containing things, and afterwards any ve- 
 hicle. Salmasius is not to be heard, who 
 makes them different. We find it va- 
 riously written soracum, saracum, sarra- 
 cum, serracum. But, wherever sarracum 
 or serracum is read, we must read sara- 
 cum or soracum" Forcellini : " The 
 penultima of sarracum is long in Juvenal, 
 that of soracum is short in Plautus." 
 They seem therefore to be different 
 words. 
 
 Sdtiireia, the herb savory. " Quia 
 saturet," says Vossius. As used for stuff- 
 ing food. Or as saturating food with its 
 taste. IT Al. for satyreia from the Satijri 
 who were lascivious. " Veneris incita- 
 tricem satureiam esse colligunt ex Ovidio 
 etMartiale." F. 
 
 Sentis, a briar. Fr. sentio. From the 
 acute sensation it produces, when touched, 
 " Quod a tangentibus quamprimum sen- 
 tiatur." V. f " From Arab, sena, 
 sharp." Tt. 
 
 Scpelio, I bury. Fr. <nrr\\atov, a cave : 
 0-7T77 being softened into sept, as perhaps 
 Sibi from 2</>i'. f Tooke : " To Bury, 
 Saxon Byrgan, means to defend. As 
 Gray expresses it — ' These bones from in- 
 sult to protect.' It cannot escape you, 
 that the Latin sepelio has the same mean- 
 ing : for sepes denotes what is cast before 
 a place to prevent an entrance." But 
 Se in Sepes is long. 1f '* From Chald. 
 SPL, humilem esse. That is, I lay in a 
 low place." V. 
 
 Sescendris Bovis in Livy is an ex- 
 pression, of which, says Crevier, the 
 sense is entirely unknown. "Alii, ut in re 
 admodum ob6cura, alia comminiscuatur." 
 
 Sicilio, I cut or mow what was not well 
 cut before. For secilio fr. seco. But 
 whence this peculiar meaning of sicilio ? 
 
 Slldnus, a conduit pipe or cock, a stone 
 image through which water was made 
 to run. Fr. silus, as Sylva, Sylvanus. 
 The nose of the image being turned up- 
 wards. 1F Al. for solanus fr. vasKty, au- 
 \v,vbs, Dor. aaXaubs, a tube. D. into I, 
 somewhat as O into I in Cinis from Kdvis, 
 % « From Arab. SYALN, a flowing of 
 water." V. Rather, from SYL, a flowing, 
 whence Vossius deduces SYALN. 
 
 Silicernium. Vossius : " It sometimes 
 denotes an old man, and is thought to be 
 derived from silex ceruo ; as, from having 
 his body bent, an old man observes the 
 flintstones as he walks : or from silens 
 cerno, as an old man was shortly to be 
 seen (silentibus) by the Shades. Phi- 
 lelphus derives it from silicea hernia, a 
 disease under which most old men labor. 
 [Or ernium is considered to be a termina- 
 tion, and an old man to be called silicer- 
 nium from his being as hardhearted as a 
 flint.] Festus speaks of a second signifi- 
 cation of this word : Verrius, he says, 
 thinks that silicernium was used of a (far- 
 cimen) sausage, by eating which a family 
 was purified. Philelphus thinks it was 
 so called from its being of a hardness as 
 (silicea) flinty as that of the fleshy hernia ; 
 Verrius from the person, on account of 
 whose death the family required to be 
 purified by it, seeing the Shades (a cer- 
 nendo silentes) ; others from the herb sil, 
 this sausage either being seasoned with it 
 or being of the color of it. Silicernium 
 signifies also a feast of the Dii Manes, 
 consisting of those piles of food which 
 were taken to the funeral pile to be burnt 
 together with the dead body ; for persons 
 were not allowed to eat or taste them. 
 Donatus accounts for the word, (a silen- 
 tes cerno) from the circumstance of the 
 Shades seeing these piles of food and en- 
 joying them ; or from those, who brought 
 them, being allowed only (cernere) to see 
 them, not to taste them ; for, whoever ate 
 or drank of the libations made to the 
 Shades, was polluted. Servius explains 
 silicernium by silicenium, a supper placed 
 on (silicem) a flintstone. Ovid calls a 
 Tegula and a Testa what Servius calls a 
 Silex, and confirms what Servius says, 
 that the Romans used to put funeral meats 
 on a flintstone, and that silicernium was 
 derived from this. A fourth signification 
 is a funeral feast made by old men, on 
 their departure from which they bade 
 
SI — so 
 
 OF THE MOST DUBIOUS DERIVATIONS. 
 
 543 
 
 farewell to one another, as being likely to 
 see each other no more. Some think it 
 so called from their dining (silentes) in 
 silence and without mirth, as being in a 
 melancholy mood. But they agree with 
 Servius as to the latter part of the word, 
 deriving it fr. cesna for cena, as Pesna 
 was said by the ancients for Pcena, and 
 Dusmosus for Dumosus. The S in sili- 
 cesnium was changed to It, as Valesii, 
 Fusii, Papisii were said at first for Va- 
 lerii, Furii, Papirii, and as Casmen was 
 said for Carmen. Others derive it in this 
 sense from se, without, and luceo ; for 
 selucesnium, i. e. aXvxvla, as for grief 
 they did not burn candles in this feast as 
 they did on birthdays. Others derive it 
 from sil and cesna for cena, as the herb 
 sil was much used in these suppers ; 
 as with its seed or root they seasoned 
 wine. I think Servius's opinion the most 
 probable that silicernium is fr. silex and 
 cesna for cena, and denotes (cenam ad 
 silicem) a supper by a flintstone. This 
 appellation was afterwards given to a kind 
 of sausage, from its being eaten at a fu- 
 neral supper to purify a family ; and to a 
 decrepit old man, as being likely to have 
 a silicernium soon made for him or as de- 
 serving to have one made for him." 
 
 Sitigo, a kind of fine wheat. The later 
 Greeks said aiXryvis, but this Vossius de- 
 duces from Lat. siliginis. Donnegan ob- 
 serves that it was made from a summer 
 wheat, the use of which was introduced 
 by the Romans, f " From Hebr. SLG, 
 snow, from its whiteness. Juvenal : Sed 
 tener et niveus (panis) mollique siligine 
 factus." Ainsw. 
 
 Sing&lus, one by one, one separate from 
 another. " For sigulus from Hebr. 
 SGLH, peculium, peculiare, singulare." 
 V. The N added as in Lingo, &c. f 
 Al. from sine, without, i. e. without an- 
 other, like "EtcaaTos from 'Eicds. Sind, 
 sinicus, (like Mordicus,) thence siniculus, 
 sinculus, singulus. f" " From ta, one ; 
 Xya ; whence Xyyia, one. Hesych." 
 Isaac Voss. 
 
 Sinus, Sinum, a milk-pail ; a wine- 
 bowl. Fr. Bivos, a kind of vessel. 
 Thence Vivos, (as vice verssi Deus from 
 ®ebs,) and vivos, as Doric 'Affdva for 
 3 A9-f)vn, and as our loveS for loveTH. So 
 some derive roSa from f>6Aov. IT " Or 
 fr. Biveo), oivS), to whirl. As that in which 
 milk is whirled round. For Isidorus re- 
 presents sinum to be a vessel in which 
 butter is made." V. 
 
 Sobrini, Consobrini, cousins. But the 
 
 words are variously understood.' Sobrini 
 is said to be put for sororini fr. soror, so- 
 roris: but, why B should be introduced, 
 is by no means clear. 
 
 Soleo, I am wont. For sodeo, (as oLeo 
 is for oDeo,) this for sotheo, (See Ordo,) 
 from 66a pf. mid. of |0«, I am wont, f 
 Haigh : " Fr. ^iAeco, I am wont." Thence 
 hileo, (as Heu from $eu) and holeo, (as 
 vice versa clnis from kOvls,) then soleo, 
 as Sex from"E£. f Al. from '6\os. That 
 which we are wholly engaged in, says 
 
 1 Vossius : " As the children of two 
 brothers are called Patrueles, and of a 
 brother and sister Amitini ; so the children 
 of two sisters are properly called conso- 
 brini. But Trebatius calls the children 
 of brothers and sisters consobrini. And 
 Cicero means by the consobrinus of Liga- 
 rius a son of his mother's brother. The 
 children of Amitini also were so called, for 
 Spartian makes Trajan and Adrian conso- 
 brini. Hence the Latin Glossary ex- 
 plains the word thus loosely: ' Consobrini 
 sunt, qui ex sorore et fratre, aut duobus 
 fratribus vel sororibus sunt nati.' Indeed 
 Donatus says that those, whom we usually 
 call properly consobrini, are properly so- 
 brini : * Sobrini sunt ex duabus sorori- 
 bus : consobrini ex fratre et sorore.' But 
 elsewhere he shows that others thought 
 differently : ' Sobrini sunt consobrinorum 
 filii : verum, ut alii putant, de sororibus 
 nati : ut sint sobrini quasi sororini.' And 
 indeed Festus says that the children of 
 consobrini are called sobrini : * Sobrinus 
 est patris mei consobrini filius, et matris 
 meae consobrince filius.' Here we must 
 take consobrini in a wide sense to com- 
 prehend brothers, whether Patrueles or 
 Amitini : for the children of all these are 
 called sobrini, as Caius tells us : * Item 
 patrui magni, amitae magna?, avunculi 
 magni, materterae magna? nepos, neptis : 
 qui ex fratribus patruelihus aut consobri- 
 nis aut amitinis, undique propagati, pro- 
 prie sobrini vocantur/ The degree of 
 sobrini, as Trebatius says, was the last 
 degree of relationship : whence also, as the 
 same author says, the children of sobrini 
 mutually call themselves sobrini from the 
 nearest name in alliance, as they have 
 no proper name of their own. Cicero 
 distinguishes these degrees : ' Sequuntur 
 fratrum conjunctiones post consobrinorum 
 sobrinorumque.' Where consobrinus is 
 aveipibs; but sobrinus is ave\piadovs,^ as 
 that word is explained by Philoxenus." 
 
544 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 so — su 
 
 \ ossius, we are said to be accustomed to 
 do. 
 
 Sorbus, the service-tree. " Fr. sorbeo. 
 Its fruit stops fluxes." Tt. 
 
 Sororiculata vestis. *f So all the MSS. 
 The Edds. have soriculata. The origin 
 of either word is uncertain, and the mean- 
 ing yet undiscovered." Thus Ed. Delph. 
 " Turnehus," says Vossius, " says it is 
 written in ancient MSS. sororiculata and 
 sororeclata ; and explains it Virgata suris 
 et latioribus regulis, for suroregulata 
 from suras, a branch., and regula ; or 
 from surus and rica or ricula. What if 
 the stripes, with which they were em- 
 broidered, represented the figure of field- 
 mice ; from sorex, soricis, whence soricu- 
 lus ? So from Vermis, Vermicu'.us, is 
 Verroiculatum opus." 
 
 Spero, I hope. " From Hebr. SBR, 
 to hope." V. Hence sbero, spero. % 
 Haigh : " Fr. arepeSa, to make firm, [to 
 assure oneself,] iEol. cnrepedu)." That is, 
 fr. (nrepeoo, cnreepia. % Scheide refers 
 spero to spes, and spes to airdoo, airco, to 
 draw, draw on. From the protractions of 
 hope. 
 
 Spica, an ear of corn. Fr. cnrdxvs 
 iEol. for ffrdxvs. But why spica for spti- 
 ca? IF Al. from ariyevs, any instrument of 
 pricking, as a spur, goad : ace. ffriyea, 
 any a, JEoI. any a. ^ Al. from spina, 
 whence spinicus, spinica, spinicum, (like 
 Tetricus,) contracted to spicus, spica, spi- 
 cum. The ancients, says Vossius, said 
 spicus, spica, spicum. *$ Isaac Vossius 
 refers to t|/l£, which in the accusative is 
 i|/?X<x, transp. crmxa. But how does tJ/*£ 
 apply ? ^f " From Germ, picken, to 
 prick," says Wachter, who refers to the 
 same source Gr. ireutbv and ttikdov, bitter, 
 i. e. pungent. 
 
 Spilrius. " Spurius est qui nascitur 
 scorto, in cujus nidum plures conspirant 
 amatores : adeo ut, licet non minus 
 quam ceteri uno nascantur parente ; ta- 
 men, quia is incertus est, natus videri 
 queat ex patribus conventiciis, ut loqui- 
 tur Plautus. Et haec causa est cur spu- 
 rius dicatur a criropa, ut Modestinus ait. 
 Nisi dictum malis a parte qua fceminae id 
 sunt quod sunt : nam ea vocatur spurium 
 a enrupd." V. 
 
 Squatina, a skate. For squalitina fr. 
 squaleo. See Squalus. 
 
 Stannum, pewter. Soft for stagnum 
 fr. CTayivov fr. craySe fut. 2. of GTafa, to 
 distil : or from pf. pass, iarayp-ivov. 
 Pliny : " Is qui primus fluit in forna- 
 cibus liquor stannum appellatur : qui se- 
 
 cundus, argentum : qui remansit, gale- 
 na." % Lhuyd compares the Cornish and 
 Armoric stean, and the Irish stan. And 
 Wachter refers stannum to the Welsh 
 ystaen, and this to " ystaenio, maculare : 
 quod, cum sit plumbum album, nigras ta- 
 men maculas in manibus attrectantium 
 relinquat." 
 
 Stips or Stipes, a small piece of money. 
 Fr. arvepos, gain, in Hesychius. Curtius : 
 " Ob inopiam suburbanum hortum exigua 
 stipe colens." Here Forcellini explains 
 it " lucrum, emolumentum." % Varro : 
 " A stipando : nam, quod asses librae 
 pondo erant, qui acceperant majorem nu- 
 merum, non in area, ponebant, sed in ali- 
 qua, cella stipabant i. e. componebant, 
 quo minus loci occuparet." 
 
 Stuprum, rape ; adultery ; fornication. 
 Among the Ancients it meant disgrace, 
 turpitude. Scaliger derivat a stupeo, ut 
 quod facit ut siupeamus. Quodammodo 
 ut Gr. p.vaos a p.vco, claudo oculos seu 
 linguam. % Al. a ctuw, tentigine la- 
 boro. 
 
 Subidus. " Vetus Poeta apud Gellium : 
 * Dicere cum conor curam tibi, Pamphila, 
 cordis, Quid mi abs te quae ram ? verba 
 labris abeunt. Per pectus miserum ma- 
 nat subido mihi sudor : Sic tacitus, subi- 
 dus ; duplo ideo pereo. 5 Subid us videXur 
 esse a subando, et significare libidine aestu- 
 antem, mollem, deliciis amorum deditum, 
 minime durum, aut rustieum. Ut sit sen- 
 sus : Amore quidem restuo, et tamen ta- 
 cere cogor: ideo duplici de causa pereo. 
 Alii interpretantur scientem, videntem, 
 peritum rei amatoriae. Unde insubidus 
 ponitur pro rudi, rustico, ignaro." F. See 
 Insubidus. 
 
 Subulo, a piper. '* A Chald. sibbul, 
 Syr. sebol, Arab, sunbul, spica. Sed <rw- 
 enBoxiK&s eo notatur cvpiy£ sive cala- 
 mus." V. Subulo has another meaning. 
 Forcellini : " SubuJones etiam dicuntur 
 cervorum quoddam genus rectis cornibus, 
 et in medum subulce acuminatis, simplici- 
 bus, et non ramosis : vel potius in modum 
 xmr^E rectis et simplicibus." Vossius : 
 u Subulce quoque dicuntur instrumenta 
 ferrea, quibus lapides excavantur ac poliun- 
 tur. Graeci opvyas vocant. Indeque ani- 
 mali quod Graeci vocant opvya, quia opv- 
 ya h. e. subulam cornu suo referat, itidem 
 subulonis nomen datum." 
 
 Suburra, Subura, a Roman street and 
 tribe. Some vain attempts have been 
 made at the derivation of this word : 
 but the investigation of the origin of the 
 names of places is generally ineffectual, 
 
SU— YE 
 
 OF THE MOST DUBIOUS DERIVATIONS. 
 
 545 
 
 and at all events does not fall in with the 
 plan of this work. 
 
 Suffragor, I support or recommend ; I 
 support by voting. " From the suffra- 
 gines which specially sustain an animal, 
 by which it sustains and supports itself." 
 Perot. Then Refragor is for Resuffragor. 
 % Al. from viro<ppd%ofiai, taken in the 
 sense of speaking after another or second- 
 ing him. But why G ? 
 
 Supp&rum, Supdrum, Sipttrum, a linen 
 sail fastened to the highest part of a mast, 
 a topsail ; a flag, streamer ; a linen gar- 
 ment. Festus says: " Velum omne quod 
 ex lino est, supparum dicitur." Dacier 
 derives supparum from vrrb and <pdpos. 
 Donnegan explains <pdpos " a cloke or 
 loose robe ; a veil or other covering for 
 the head and face ; a sail ; linen cloth." 
 But what is vivo ? Festus says that the 
 supparum is the same as the Subucula, 
 which is an under garment. Then virb is 
 explained. But Varro directly contra- 
 dicts Festus : " Capitium ab eo, quod 
 capit pectus : alterum quod subtus, a quo 
 Subucula: alterum quod supra a quo 
 supparus, nisi quod id dicunt Osce." Is 
 then vvrb here Up, as in vTroirTevco, vir6ir- 
 roficu, &c. ? f Vossius, Forcellini, and 
 Dacier notice a word o'upapos, a topsail. 
 
 T. 
 
 Talitrum, a rap or fillip with one's 
 finger. " Talus seems to have been an- 
 ciently said of the little bones not only of 
 the foot hut of the hand. Gloss. Philox. : 
 * Talares, k6v5v\oi irofiwv. Talarii, kov- 
 dvKoi XEIPnN.' Hence talitrum" V. 
 
 Taminia uva, a kind of wild grape. 
 Dacier : " Taminum sive tamina erat 
 macula, tabes. Inde attaminare. Inde 
 taminia uva maculis variegata, distincta, 
 quae ideo etiam Variana et Variola nun- 
 cupata, ut ex Plinio Macrobioque cogno- 
 scere est." 
 
 Tasconium, a kind of potter's earth. 
 " A loco Tasco" says Ainsworth. 
 
 Taurii, Taurilia, games in honor of the 
 infernal Gods. Dacier: " Taurii dicti 
 quod a ludimagistro disci pulus in crudo 
 bovis [i. e. tauri] corio impelleretur, do- 
 nee virtute talorum consisteret.'' 
 
 Tragopan, a bird thus described by 
 Livy : '' Major aquil&, cornua'in tempo- 
 ribus curvata habens, ferruginei coloris, 
 tantum capite phoeniceo." Dacier: "It 
 seems formed from rpdyos, a g9at, and 
 Tlav, Pan. As heing like Pan with goat's 
 
 rm. 
 
 Ely, 
 
 horns. Instead however of its having goat's 
 horns, Solinus says that it has rams' 
 horns." Vossius adds that the color of 
 the head was like the color of Pan, and 
 quotes Virgil : " Quern (i. e. Pana) vidi- 
 mus ipsi Sanguineis cbuli baccis minioque 
 rubentem." 
 
 Tranquillus, calm, still, smooth. Said 
 properly of a calm unruffled sea. Qui 
 transiri aut tranari quit. But power is 
 expressed in adjectives by Bilis, Iiis, &c. 
 
 Trichila, a covered walk made of vines, 
 &c. Or an arbor. Jos. Scaliger refers it 
 to rplxivos, " pilis densus et quasi impe- 
 ditus." Rather from a word rpixihbs 
 formed from rpix^s. But Scaliger's idea 
 seems not a happy one. 
 
 Tubus, a pipe, tube. Fr. tuba, a trum- 
 pet which is of that form. % Al. from a 
 word Twos formed from tutto; fut. 2. of 
 rvirroo. " Quia rercutiendo est exca- 
 vatus," says Scaliger, 
 
 Turdus, a thrush. From surdus, deaf. 
 Kw^orepos kIx^VS is a Greek proverb. 
 But why T for S ? Nor does the JEollc 
 Tv for 2i» seem to assist us here. 
 
 Turpis, ugly, hideous ; applied to the 
 conduct, base, disgraceful. For torpis fr. 
 rerpoira (riropira) pf. mid. of rpi-na>. 
 That is, perverse, awry, awkward. It is 
 otherwise explained as that from which 
 we turn in disgust. 
 
 T&tidus, a tower or high head dress ; 
 the peak or tuft of a priest's cap. Varro 
 says that tutulus means also the highest 
 part of a city, a citadel, which he refers to 
 tutus, defended. Hence a tower or high 
 head-dress. But Ennius shortens the first 
 syllable of tutulus. 
 
 V. 
 
 Vacerra, a stake ; palisade. For ba- 
 cerra from a word bacus, whence baculus. 
 
 Vagina, a sheath. Fr. irrjya, to fix 
 tight : Dor. ndyca, whence pagina, vagi- 
 na. 1F Al. from vaco. But VA should 
 thus be short, f Al. for valgina from 
 Celt, balg, a sack, bag, purse, pod, &c. 
 which is allied to Lat. bidga. H Lhuyd : 
 « Irish faighin:' . 
 
 Vatius, W- legged. Vossius : *r. 
 fiaras, which Hesycliius .states was used 
 by the Tarentines for Karaite, inclining 
 to one side more than to another." But 
 this seems hardly the meaning of Kara<pe- 
 
 ^ hneo, Varneo, to be exposed to sale, 
 to be sold. Fr. uvea, whence wveop.ai, 
 to purchase. Hence voneo, and veneo, 
 3 Z 
 
546 
 
 APPENDIX, &C. 
 
 VE — UR 
 
 somewhat as gEnu from 7<3j/y. IT Al. 
 from aiviv, to praise; alveofiaL, to be 
 praised, and hence to be set off, set off 
 for sale. 
 
 Vepres, Vtpris, a thorn, bramble, bush. 
 Fr. fj&if» pairbSy JEo\. fipovnbs, a bramble, 
 says Scaliger. I suppose, through trausp. 
 Pooirpbs, then bepris, (as some derive vE- 
 neo from 'fW«, and somewhat as gEnu 
 from yOvv,) and vepris. 
 
 Verruca, a wart. tl From Arab, veru- 
 kah." Tt. IF Al. for verrunca. " He- 
 liotropio, zacyntha, aliave herba verru- 
 cariQ, averruncatur, h. e. avertitur." V. 
 
 Vertex, a wether-sheep. From a word 
 4>epj8rj| fr. <p*p@a>, to nourish, feed. As 
 feeding merely and not propagating. % 
 Al. for verpex it. verpus. 
 
 Vestigium, the print of a foot, a print, 
 mark, trace. Hence the sole of the foot, 
 which makes the print. Also, a token, 
 proof. Vestigium temporis is an instant 
 or moment. Cicero : " Eodem et loci 
 vestigio et temporis." Time is com- 
 pared to space, of which a mere print oc- 
 cupies the smallest portion. Forcellini 
 otherwise : " Translatio a celeritate fa- 
 cientis vestigium, quod scilicet nihil pame 
 citius fiat quam vestigium." Hence " e 
 vestigio " is instantly. But whence is 
 vestigium? Here are guesses. As Fas- 
 tigium is from Fastus, Scheide refers ves- 
 tigium to eorcu pp. of e», I place, set, 
 i. e. my foot. V, as in Vespera. 1T Al. 
 from jBcfo, to go, pp. /SejS^trrcw ; as from 
 /BcjSjjo-o-oi is &rjff(m. So some derive %x?°* 
 from 'Ikw, Xx a ' 1T Al. from ve and stigo, 
 (whence Instigo,) to make a prick or 
 mark. 
 
 Vincio, I bind. From a verb irvicplfa, 
 (same as ttvkvoo), to press close together,) 
 fut. irvKvtcrw, ttvkviw, transp. ttvvkiw, 
 whence pincio, vincio. 1f Al. from ts, 
 fobs, a fibre, tendon, and so a string, cord. 
 1T Al.from iffxvo> to prevail over, somewhat 
 as KpaTeu is to hold or detain. Hence 
 tX»W, vicio, vincio- 1F Al. cut down from 
 vimine-amjicio, whence vimcio, vincio. 
 
 Vinnulus, Vinulus. Plautus : " Com- 
 pellando oratione vinulA, venustula." 
 The word Venustula gives much weight 
 
 to the opinion of Wachter who refers it to 
 Celt, fein, fine, neat. % Isidorus says : 
 " Vinnulata vox est levis et mollis et 
 flexibilis. Dicta a vinno, cincinno molli- 
 ter flexo." But whence is this vinnus ? 
 IT Dacier : " Vinulus, mollis, a vini di- 
 minutione. Nam vinum, quod genero- 
 sum non esset, vinulum et villum appella- 
 bant." 
 
 Vireo, to be verdant or green. From 
 %ap, iapos, spring. 
 
 Vitellus, the yoke of an egg. Turton : 
 " Fr. vita. Because it contains the life 
 of the chick." But I should thus be 
 long. Rather, from fpirov, an offspring. 
 For phitellus. 1f Al. from \4ki0os, the 
 yoke of an egg: iEol. \4m6os, transp. 
 videXos, whence vitelus f vitulus, vitellus. 
 
 Ulmus, an elm. Anglo-Sax. elm, 
 Belg. olm, Germ. ulm. (Also, Irish ailm, 
 if I understand Lhuyd rightly.) But all 
 these, says Wachter, are in the opinion of 
 Skinner from the Latin. ^[ Haigh : " Fr. 
 '6\p.os, a mortar, a pestle, a tripod, a kind 
 of a cup, a part of the leg, the trunk of 
 the body, a stupid fellow. The four first 
 significations have nothing in common, 
 but the wood of which they are made ; 
 and the remaining ones clearly allude to 
 the trunk of a tree. This is undoubtedly 
 the elm, the timber of which was in very 
 general use among the Greeks and Ro- 
 mans." But '6\fios is rather from a verb 
 SAo», '6Kfiai, to roll round, as Lennep sug- 
 gests. 
 
 Unedo, the fruit of the strawberry tree, 
 and the tree itself. Pliny : " Fomum in- 
 honorum, ut cui nomen ex arguraento sit 
 union tantum edendi." Turton copies 
 Pliny : " A kind of crab, so called be- 
 cause from its austerity only one can be 
 eaten at a time." 
 
 Voconia pyra. " Called perhaps from 
 one Voconius, who first planted them : 
 though Pliny ranks them among those, 
 the origin of which was not known. In 
 Harduin's MSS. it is vocima." F. 
 
 Ursus, a bear. Haigh : " Fr. xty* *? 
 uncultivated, rough." Hence hersus, then 
 ursus, as Helcus, Ulcus. 
 
ADDITIONS AND ALTERATIONS 
 
 /Erumna. " A stick on which pedlars 
 raised and carried their fardels." — Rather, 
 a stick raised for this purpose. 
 
 JEtas. JEvum, cevitas, as Bonum, Bo- 
 nitas. 
 
 Mvum. " Fr. a&v, whence aum," &c. 
 As 8(J\oN becomes doluM. 
 
 Alee. " Anglo-Sax. elch, Suec. elg." 
 W. 
 
 Altare. Lhuyd : " Irish altoir, Armor. 
 altor." 
 
 Ambulo. Jones: " Fr. afA<pe\d<i>, a/up- 
 «\£." That is, ago me circumcirca. 
 Hence ambelo, as fyx*», amBo ; then am- 
 bulo, as oToforEAos, scopUlus. 
 
 Amo. Al. from Arab, umm, a mother. 
 
 Anas. Al. from a va<raa, a vaaa. 
 
 Ancile. Compare Incile. 
 
 Animus. Cicero : " Humorem et ca- 
 lorem qui est fusus in corpore, animum 
 denique ilium spirabilem — ." 
 
 Anser. " For chanser." As Eres for 
 Cheres. 
 
 Apex. " As tied with thread." 
 Wachter explains it of binding the head, 
 and compares it with Goth, waip, a dia- 
 dem. 
 
 Apina?. Forcellini says on Apinarius : 
 " Salmasiu9 thinks it comes from Gr. 
 a<pdva or a<pdvr), which occurs in Suidas, 
 and signifies anything trifling or ridi- 
 culous." Apince may be referred to the 
 same. 
 
 Apis. Compare Examen. 
 
 Apud. " For adpud." Compare Gr. 
 ifiiroS&v. 
 
 Aqua. " Fr. aiicv?a, level." Xenophon: 
 Tlediov cfow c OMAAON "flSIIEP 0AAAT- 
 TA. Sir W. Drummond gives aqua to the 
 Orientals. 
 
 Aquila. Lhuyd : " Irish akuil, Armor. 
 ttekl." 
 
 Arbor. Al. from a word apropos, very 
 
 productive. Whence ap<p6pos, &p<pops, 
 and arbors, as fyt«l>«, amBo. 
 
 Ardeo. " From aridus, ardus." As 
 Caldus for Calidus. Virgil : " Postquam 
 exhausta palus, terrasque ardore dehis- 
 cunt." Ardore is dryness. 
 
 Armilausa. " A defectu manicarum 
 vestis quasdam militaris Latino-barbaris 
 dicitur armilausa, i. e. non manicata, abs- 
 que mania's, ab arm brachium, et los de- 
 stitutus." W. 
 
 Asellus* Dele " See above." 
 Asper. " Fr. &<riropos." Compare 
 prospErus from irpdarQOpos. 
 Assiduus. Compare Sedulus. 
 Auctor, (2). My learned friend Mr. 
 Quayle explains it thus : " He, who is 
 selling, adds to, increases the price." 
 
 Auctor amentum. Mr. Quayle explains 
 it : " That which is added to, given be- 
 yond, the stipulated reward." Fr. augeo, 
 nudum. 
 
 Augeo. tl Goth, aukan, Germ, auchen, 
 Icel. auka." W. 
 
 Auster. Wachter : " Plaga australis 
 est pars mundi sestiva et omnium calidis- 
 sima." Ovid has " tepido Noto." 
 
 Balteus. " Fr. /3c£AA«, pp. PeftaXrai." 
 Rather, from &Xnr£o$, Dor. QAarhs, 
 transp. /BoAreos. 
 
 Bes. Tacitus in Ann. vi, 17, has 
 " duas foenoris partes." The Delphin 
 Editor says : " Intelligo duas partes ex 
 tbibus partibus, vel duas tertias par- 
 tes." See Homer II. K. 253. 
 
 Blandus. Wachter: "Martinius ob- 
 servat quod Hebrasis una vox Planum, 
 Laevem et Blandum signi6cet. Hinc 
 blandum deducit a piano. Is blandus est, 
 qui plana, non aspera loquitur." One 
 who talks smoothly. Planus, planidus, 
 as Vivus, Vividus. Hence plandus and 
 blandus. 
 
548 
 
 ADDITIONS 
 
 BU FA 
 
 Bucca. Lhuyd : " Armor, boch." 
 Bufo. Lhuyd : " Irisli b&af" 
 Caduceum. " For caruceum." Vice 
 
 versa meRidies is for meDidies. 
 Ccecus. Lhuyd: " Irish hdoch." 
 Campus. Al. from Celt, hamm, crooked, 
 
 curved. 
 
 Capo. Wachter elsewhere refers it to 
 
 Germ, happen, to cut, which he compares 
 
 with K07TTW, K07T0J, tO CUt. 
 
 Carduus. Wachter refers to Celt. 
 carthu, to clear from dirt, and to Germ. 
 harden, to card. 
 
 Cartilago. So Tussilago. 
 Cams. Al. from xpelos, in want ; Ion. 
 Xpy'ios, Dor. XP& 0S > XP? 0S > transp. x$P 0S - 
 Caula. " For caveola." Or for cavula. 
 Centum. Lhuyd : " Brit. Armor. 
 Corn, hant, Irish heantr." 
 
 Cerno Haereditatem may he compared 
 with the Greek phrase No/iifw ©eovs. 
 
 Cippus, a sharp stake. Wachter com- 
 pares it with " Anglo-Sax. cyp, trahs, 
 lignum dolatum ; Engl. c/ii»,and chip-ax ; 
 and Gr. icoireiv, Germ, happen." 
 
 Clam. To the Slavonic derivations 
 given by L'Eveque of Palam and Coram, 
 should have been added that given by 
 him of clam: " Ckm*eutdire Secrette- 
 ment, en cachette : et me paroit aussi 
 Slavon. Clam se dit pour holami, et (par 
 une contraction tres conform e au genie de 
 la langue Slavonne) hlami, au milieu des 
 Pieux ; c'est a dire dans des cabannes 
 qui etoient formees de Pieux revetus 
 d'ecorces, de peaux, ou de branchages." 
 Clunis. Lhuyd : " Brit, hlyn." 
 Codex. Madan explains it " a table- 
 book, made of several boards joined to- 
 gether." 
 
 Ccena. Lhuyd : " Armor, hoan, Cor- 
 nish hon." 
 
 Cogo. " For coago." Whence co-egi, 
 co-actum. 
 
 Compesco. " So Dispesco " &c. Add 
 Segrego. 
 
 Considero. Ci . . . ifpiarrjfii rbv vovv." 
 Homer. II. k, 45 : 'Eirl <ppeva Qrjx' i€- 
 
 pO?(Tl. 
 
 Cor. Or fr. tceap, iEol. Keop. 
 
 Cresco. " For crassesco." That is, 
 to grow tbick, large, numerous, &c. Cru- 
 desco is explained " to increase " by 
 Martin on Georg. 3, 504. Tooke refers 
 cresco to Anglo-Sax. hersan, to grow, and 
 remarks that the Latin etymologist strug- 
 gles in vain to discover any other source. 
 Others refer it to Kpea? or creo. 
 
 Crusta. Lhuyd : " Irish hrusta." 
 
 Crystallum, crystal, &c. 
 
 Culex. Lhuyd : " Irish kuyl." 
 Cuneus. Lhuyd : " North Wales kyn." 
 Cuprum. Lhuyd : " Irish hopar, Brit. 
 hoppr, Corn, hoher, Armor, huevr." 
 
 Curtus. " Fr. KenpovTcu." Whence 
 Kpoxrrbs, Kovprbs, curtus. 
 Delubrum is fr. Aouw, luo. 
 Dens, dentis. Al. for tends, tendis, 
 from TeV5«, to eat. «« Goth, tunth, Belg. 
 tand." W. " Brit. Corn. Armor, dant." 
 Lhuyd. 
 
 Destino. " So Deteneo, Detino." So 
 Retinaculum from a verb Retino, avi. 
 
 Disco. Lhuyd : " Brit, dysgy, Corn. 
 deshy, Armor, dishi." 
 
 Dissipo. " Germ, seiven." Wachter 
 writes it sieben. He mentions Germ, su- 
 pen, and Sorab. sipu, fundere. 
 
 Dormio. " Fr. 84pp.a, &c." A verb 
 formed from a substantive often expresses 
 the use for which it is intended. Thus 
 OIkos is a house ; oIk4q) is to dwell in a 
 house. Templum is a space in the air 
 cut off mentally by the augurs for the 
 purpose of viewing ; Contemplor is to 
 view such a space. So from Aepfxa, a 
 hide — as hides were in the olden time spe- 
 cially used for lying on and sleeping on — 
 a verb might have been formed signifying 
 to lie on or to sleep on a skin, and so to 
 sleep in general. Add to the passages 
 already cited the following from Homer : 
 Avrap 07' ifipws Eu5'* inrb 8' earpoyro pivbv 
 /Sobs aypavXoio. 
 
 Dorsum, the back. " Quod devexum 
 sit deorsum," says Festus. Rather, quod 
 sit devorsum, as inclining downwards. This 
 is properly applicable to quadrupeds. 
 Dorsum is also a ridge of hills. In Sussex 
 are hills called the Boar's-back. 
 
 Duco — Dux. Wachter mentions Welsh 
 and Armoric dug, dux. 
 
 Ebrius. " For ebibrius." Compare 
 Proprius. 
 
 Equus. Lhuyd : " Irish each." 
 Exercitus. Gibbon : "So sensible 
 were the Romans of the imperfection of 
 valor without skill and practice, that in 
 their language the name of an army 
 was borrowed from the word which signi- 
 fies exercise. Military exercises were 
 the important and unremitted object of 
 their discipline." 
 
 Exta. " For exsecta." So Prosecta. 
 Exuo. The fact is, a Latin word duo 
 existed as formed from Gr. Svw ; then ex- 
 duo was formed, wmich was softened to 
 exuo. 
 
 Facesso. " Or facesso hinc, is facio 
 iter hinc." Compare Proficio, Proficiscor. 
 
FA— SA 
 
 AND ALTERATIONS. 
 
 549 
 
 Falco. Wachter mentions the northern 
 " valka, agitare, and/aZfce, circus." 
 
 Fanum. Haigh : " Fr. <$>av6v. Tem- 
 ples were richly ornamented." 
 
 Funus. " As being conducted by the 
 light of tapers." Compare Vespillo from 
 Vesper. 
 
 Furca. Or from <pope&, <popu>, whence 
 a word <popiK)i,forca, furca. 
 
 Gallus. Lhuyd: "Irish gall" He 
 elsewhere represents ^e&v-ghall to be the 
 Irish for Pea-cock. 
 
 Gloria. Lhuyd : " Irish gloir." 
 Hibernus. For himernus. Compare 
 scaBellum. 
 
 Hie (2). Read at the end ^/c' instead 
 of ?;«. 
 
 Honor. " Honor aliquando fuit vox 
 media, injuriam significans, teste Gel- 
 lio." W. 
 
 Hospes* " For hespes, as dEntes " &c. 
 Read " as vice versa." 
 Immo. Compare Penitus. 
 Industrie, purposely. Said of what 
 happens not accidentally on our part, but 
 with our exertion and taking pains to 
 bring about an event. 
 
 Labium : " Fr. Aa/3e&>," &c. Juvenal : 
 " Hujus Pallida labra cibum capiunt 
 digitis alienis." If " A Germ, leiben, di- 
 videre. Margo oris est natura in labium 
 superius et inferius divisa." W. 
 
 Latus, wide. Lhuyd : " Irish leathan." 
 Laurus. Lhuyd: "Armor, lore. Irish 
 lavras. Brit, lauryv." 
 
 Levo. So Kovcpifa is to lift up, from 
 Kov<pos, light. 
 
 Liber. Lhuyd : " Corn, liver, Irish 
 leavar, Brit. Ihyvyr." 
 
 Libra. "As properly weighing a libra." 
 Compare Pondo. 
 
 Littera. Lhuyd : " Irish litir, Corn, 
 and Armor, litheren." 
 
 Locusta. " German Sprinkel, a locust, 
 from Springen, to spring. So Lat. locusta 
 means a leaper, if derived from laken, to 
 leap." W. 
 
 Lustrum is from a word Xovcrpov from 
 Xovw, and perhaps in the first sense from 
 a word Xicrpov from Xvw. 
 
 Lustrum (1). In antepenult, read 
 " (i. e. luxi " &c. 
 
 Macero. " As from riraKa " &c. 
 Read " As from t^kw, is TyKepos, Dor. 
 Taicepbs" &c. 
 
 Manus. Lhuyd: "Irish man, main." 
 Metus. II. k, 121 : UoXXaKi yap 
 ME0IEI re Kal ovk ideXei irovesadai. 
 
 Mille. Lhuyd : " Irish mile. Brit, 
 and Corn. mil. Armoric mill" 
 
 Miror. Al. for mermiror fr. ptppaipo- 
 juot, to ponder anxiously, and so to observe 
 intently. 
 
 Mulier. Wachter : " Proprie est mo- 
 litrix a Germ, malen, molere." Or fr. 
 p.vXXa>, to grind ; fut. pvXw. 
 
 Murus. Lhuyd : " Irish mur, Brit. 
 myr." 
 
 Ollus. " Ancient form of illus or ilte." 
 So Ipsus was used. 
 
 Pallaca. From Gr. naXXaicfi. 
 
 Persona. Al. from irpSauwov, whence 
 irpovairlvri, Trpoawniva, transp. tropednriva, 
 whence persopina, as dEntes from 'SOires, 
 vEster for vOster : thence persona. 
 
 Pica. " Apparently from Anglo-Sax. 
 spacan, to speak, talk. It is called by 
 the poets Loquax and Garrula." W. 
 
 Platessa. Or from a word irKarSeis, 
 TrXa.TSecro'a. 
 
 Pondus. "As pOdex " &c. We say 
 mOlten from mElt. 
 
 Proecidaneus. " For pracido for pra- 
 cedo seems uncommon." See however 
 Praellganeum. 
 
 Prceda. " For prcedata." Whence 
 prcedta, prata or prceda. 
 
 Pratum. Al. from fipaTbv, eaten or to 
 be eaten : .^Eol. fiparbv, as TrpAros is 
 iEolic for irptlTos : thence bratum and 
 pratum. 
 
 Probo. As Destino, avi, and Retina- 
 culum, are from Teneo : so from pyohabeo 
 might be prohibo, avi, cut down to probo, 
 avi. Prohabeo, I hold out, I hold for- 
 ward, viz. that I may inspect and examine. 
 if Al. from irpo<pd&, 7rpo<pa>, in the sense of 
 irpo<paivoi>. 
 
 Propero. Al. from irpocpepw (pe), 1 ad- 
 vance. 
 
 Quasillus. Lhuyd : " Irish keishin." 
 
 Quesius. " Fr. queror." So Haustus 
 from Haurio. 
 
 Quisnam. Or nam is indeed. See Nam. 
 
 Ruga. Lhuyd : " Irish roka." 
 
 Saburra. " Fr. sabulum." Whence 
 sabulera, as Patera, Arcera. Then sabul- 
 ra, saburra. 
 
 Sctlmnca. Martyn says that it is the 
 Nardus Celtica, a species of Valerian, 
 and that it was named 'AXiovyyia. Is 
 then saliunca for saliunga ? 
 
 Sanguis, blood. " It may appear 
 strange," says Isaac Vossius, '* and yet 
 it is true that sanguen is analogically de- 
 duced from cu/xa." Does not the Reader 
 stare ? However, let us try to get san- 
 guis from aJfia. Gen. dtpaTos—aTpTOS— 
 apros, as aiWei hecomes affaei— hence 
 hamquos,as Tis becomes QUis— hamquis, 
 
550 
 
 ADDITIONS, &C. 
 
 SA — UL 
 
 for IS Latin answers to OS Greek in the 
 termination of the third declension — sam- 
 quis, as *E$ becomes Sex — sanquis, as 
 priMceps becomes priNceps and SaM- 
 skrit SaNskrit — then sanquis falls na- 
 turally into sanguis. Is the Reader re- 
 minded of London and Brutus ! 
 
 Saturnus. Lhuyd : " Irish Saturn, 
 British Sadurn." 
 
 Scisco» ** For voting" &c. Job: 
 " The cause,, which I knew not, I searched 
 out." 
 
 Somnus. AL from sopio, whence sopv- 
 nus, sopnus, somnus. 
 
 Sonus. Lhuyd : " Irish son r soin. 
 Biit. s6n r su"n." 
 
 Soror. Lhuyd : '« Corn, hor." 
 
 Sordrio. Forcellini : " Pariter cresco, 
 duarum sororum geminarum instar. Fes- 
 tus : ' Sororiare mammas dicuntur puella- 
 rum, cum primiim tumescunt, ut Frater- 
 culare pueroruro.' Pliny : * Mammas so- 
 roriantes.' Id est, nimis pariter turgentes 
 vel noxia lactis copia, vel alio aliquo vi- 
 tio." 
 
 Stera. " Ab vo~repa." So our Story 
 for History. 
 
 Stolidus, line 2. Bead " sucker " for 
 " suckler." 
 
 Suggillo. Al. from subigo, whence 
 subigillo, as Occo, Occillo — then subgillo, 
 suggillo. 
 
 Sylva, Silva. Silva seems to be the 
 
 true reading. It is sanctioned, says For- 
 cellini, by Gifanius, Manutius, Daus- 
 quius, Cellarius, Vossius, by the best In- 
 scriptions and by ancient Mss. Is then 
 the derivation of this word from S\if or 
 from |i5Aoj/ shaken ? No more than 
 the derivation of Fama is shaken, because 
 it is not written Phama. Forcellini re- 
 marks on Inclytus : " Some write Incli- 
 tus, because words, though they are of 
 Greek origin, in consequence of long 
 adoption gradually pass into the Latin 
 spelling, like Fama, Silva»" 
 Tellus. Lhuyd: "Irish tealla." 
 Testis. Lhuyd : " Brit, tyst." 
 Teter. For the first account of this 
 word I am indebted to an able scholar, 
 Alfred Phillips, Esq., of Jesus College, 
 Cambridge. 
 
 Tilia. Lhuyd : " Irish teileog." 
 Titulus. Lhuyd : " Irish tiotal, Welsh 
 
 an." 
 
 Tracto. " Or traho is here " &c. 
 Tracto is traho sjeye. 
 
 Tristis. Lhuyd : " Brit, and Corn. 
 trist." 
 
 Ultro means also far off. Plautus : 
 " Ultro istum a me." That is, to a point 
 removed. Compare Ulterior. Also, still 
 more, moreover. Virgil : " His lacrymis 
 vitam damus et miserescimus ultro." That 
 is, still further, as a further display of 
 mercy. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
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