2^^Si^ Qass. Book I A? >i? GAZETTEER OF THE mAm m w^w^'m^wmmm BY JOHN FARMER AN© JACOB B. MOORfc. ^ti ,— EMBELLISHED WITH AN ACCURATE MAP OF THE STATE, A>"D SEVERAL OTHER ENGRAVINGS : BY ABEL BOWEN. cokcord: PFBLISHED BY JACOIi E. ilOORF, NEW-HAMPSHIRE DISTRICT, TO WIT : District Clerk's Office. ******** T> E it remembered, that on the sixth day of IVIay, A. D. 1823,ftnd ^ L. S. S t3 hi the forty-s.eventh year of the Independence of the United * * States of America, JOHN FARMER and JACOB BAILEY ******** MOORE, of the said district, have deposited in this ofBce the title «f a book, the right whereof they claijn as authors, in the words following, to wit : " A Gazetteer of the State of New-Hampshire. By John Farmer and '* Jacob B. Moore. Embellished with an accurate Map of the State, and serer- ** al other engravings : by Abel Bowen." In conformity to the act of the Con- |;rtss of the United States, entitled " An act for the encouragement of learn- Jng, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and pro- prietors of such copies,during the times therein mentioned ;'' and also, to an act, (Entitled, " An act supplementary to an act, entitled an act for the encourage- ment of learning by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the au- thors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned, and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving and etch- ing historical and other prints." WILLIAM CLAGG^f T', Cferk of the District of ^eiv-tlranpshire, A *u« ^VT "f I'werd ;— . . Attest, WltttAM dLAGGfeTT, Cl^k. ^v ^ ^ PREFACE. THE citizens of New-Hampshire are now presented with a new Gazetteer of the State, compiled from original and authentic mate- \ rials, and embracing the following subjects : I. A general view of the State of New-Hampshire, comprehending the boun- daries and area ; divisions ; face of the country ; soil and productions ; cli- mate ; health and longeA-ity ; mountains ; lakes and rivers ; canals ; turnpikes and bridges ; geology and mineralogy ; government and laws ; revenue and ex- penses ; militia ; population ; manufactures and commerce ; literary institu- tions ; education ; manners and customs ; religion ; societies ; banks ; state - house ; penitentiary ; curiosities ; Indians, and history. II. A general view of the Counties, topographical and historical ; with statis- tical tables, exhibiting the number of meeting-houses, school-houses, taverns, stores, mills, factories, &c., in each. III. A general description of Towns, and of all the mountains, lakes, ponds, vivers, &c., comprehending 1. A concise description of the several towns in the State, in relation to their boundai*ies, divisions, mountains, lakes, ponds, &c. 2. The early histoi'y of each town ; names of the first settlers, and what were their hardships and adventures ; instances of longevity, or of great mortality ; and short biographical notices of the most distinguished and useful men. 3. A •oncise notice of the formation of the first churches in the several towns ; the names of those who have been successively ordained as ministers, and the time of their settlement, removal or death. Also, notices of permanent charitable and other institutions, literary societies, &c. It is unnecessary to offer an apology to the public for the appearance of a work, the utility of which, if well executed, no one will question. We rather claim indulgence, that so long a period has elapsed, since we first announced our intended publication. To have completed it at an earlier period, was originally our intention ; and it was not until several months of diligent inquiry had passed, that we understood the diificulty of the task in which we had engaged. Though in many cases, we have had prompt and able assistance, the difficulty of procuring the necessa- ry information in others, has caused ho inconsiderable anxiety and de- , lay. Few men are intimately acquainted with the early history of their own towns — the generation active in the first settlements having passed away, and little pains being taken to preserve their history. Few- er still have the leisure or patience necessary to pore over musty re- oords or ancient files, for the gratification of their curiosity, or the mere IV FREFACE. ' chance of finding perhaps some single fact, buried like the diamond in a mass of rubbish. While, on the one hand, our anxiety increased to finish the work, and be rid of its labor ; we felt, on the other, a strong obligation to retain it in our hands, until we could give it at least a tol- erable degree of accuracy. The book is at length completed. And em- bracing, as it does, a great variety of information, we cannot but hope it may be useful to the public. To escape errors entirely, was impossi- ble ; but we trust their number and magnitude will be found as •mall as the nature of such an undertaking will permit. In our biographical noti- ces, it was our intention to present facts,rather than estimates of charac- ter. Many worthy and eminent persons we may not have noticed ; and our excuse must he the want of necessary information. In the sev- eral statistical tables, we have conformed to the latest returns received* The population at the present time is in some instances given ; but more generally that of 1820. Distances are generally given from the centre of the towns, or from the principal village. They are stated from the most correct information we could obtain. When the distance is said to he from Concord, the seat of government is intended. The names of clergymen now in office are printed in italics. At the close of the work will be found some additional facts, relating to the several towns, which came to our knowledge after the book had been put to press ; and also some corrections. In the appendix is given a table of population at different periods, and also a list of the former names of the several towns. In the prosecution of our labors, we have been much indebted to the obliging attentions of Samuel SparhAwk, Esq., the Secretary of State ; to the Hon. William Plumer, Hon. Samuel Bell, Prof. James F. Dana, Gen. Joseph Low, Adijyo N. BRACKETT.Esq. and others. Wc would gladly tender our acknowledgments to our numer- ous correspondents individually ; but trust tliat a sufficient reason for the omission will be seen in the fact, that we have written, received and consulted more than a thousand letters and communications. We lay claim to no merit, other than that of patience and an unwearied ef- fort to be correct. How far we have succeeded in our labors, and wheth- er we shall receive an adequate reward, will appear, when the public shall have had time to ex-amine, and shall fe«l disposed to patroai^e the work. ©jiisfiMiL www OF THE COMPREHENDING boitndaries and area ; divisions ; face of the country, Soil and Productions; Climate; Health and Longevi- ty; Mountains; Lakes and Rivers; Canals; Turnpikes and Bridges; Geology and Mineralogy; Government and Laws; Revenue and Expenses; Militia; Popula- tion; Manufactures and Commerce; Literary Insti- tutions ; Education ; Manners and Customs ; Religion ; Societies; Banks; State-House; Penitentiary; Curi- osities; Indians; History. Boundaries and Area. — The state of New-Harapshire is situat- ed between 42°, 41', and 45°, 11', north latitude ; and between 70° 40', and 72°, 28', longitude west from Greenwich. Its extreme length from north to south is 168 miles — its greate?t width, 90 miles. North of lat. 43°, the state decreases iu width, and at the northern extremity is onlv 19 miles wide. This stale is bounded N. on the highlands between Lower Canada and the United States ; W. by the western bank of Connecticut river, from its northerly source to the south point of Hinsdale, below the entrance of Ashuelot river: S. by Massachusetts; E. by the Atlan- tic, a distance of eighteen miles, and by the state of Maine. This ter- ritory comprises an area of 9,491 square miles, or 6,074,240 acres, in- cluding about 110,000 acres of water. B NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. Divisions. — The state is divided into six counties, and two hundred seventeen towns, beside several locations and grants, and the public lands. STATISTICAL TABLE. COUNTIES. No. j POPULATION. j SEATS OF JUS- j Twns 45 1790. 1800. 1 1810. ! 1820. 1 TICE. 1 Rockinghara.. 43.169 45.427 50,1 75i 55.2461 Concord, Exeter. 1 Strafford 31 23,742 32.878 41,595 51.117 Dover, Gilford. Hillsborough.. 42 32,871 43,J99 49,249 53,884 Amherst, Hoi>k'n. Cheshire 37 28,772 38,825 40,988 45,376 Kcene, Churlesin. Grafton 37 12,449 20.171 23,462 32,989 Have rhill, Flymo. Coos 25 882 2,658 3,991 5,549 Lancaster. Total, 217ll41,R85!l83.85cS'214.460l244,161 Face or the Country, Soil and Productions.— The whole extent of our sea-ccast is but eighteen miles, from the S. E. corner of the town of Seabrook to the mouth of the Pascataqua. The shore is in most places a sandy beach, bordered by salt-marshes. For the distance of 20 or 30 miles back from the sea, the country is generally level, occasionally diversified with hills and valleys. Beyond this, the hills increase in size and number, and in many parts of the state swell into lofty mountains, particularly in the north, and along the heights between the Merrimack and Connecticut. The highest summits between these two rivers, are, the Monadnock, in Dublin ; Sunapee mountain, in Fishersfield ; Kcar- sarge, in Warner; Carr's mountain, in Ellsworth and Warren, and the Moosch.illock, or Mooshelock, in Coventry. But the highest mountains in the state, and the most elevated on this side the Mississippi, are the fVhite Mountains. The scenery about these mountains, and other nu- merous elevations— the lakes, cascades, &c. are exceedingly beautiful ; nnd the classic author of the state map has very properly styled it" the Switzerland of America." The soil cf NewHamps' ire is generally fertile, presenting in differ- ent sections all the varietiej common to New-England. The best lands are undoubtedly those on the borders of our larger rivers, which bein^' frequently covered by the waters, are enriched by the sediment left when they subside. Oui* wide spreading hill 3, being of a rocky, moist and warm soil, afford the greenest pasturag-e and support immense numbers of cattle and sheep. Barrens in any extent are unknown, and with the exception of the wild and unexplored regions of the north, the state is very generally capable of cultivation. The great pursuit of the inhabitants is, and must continue to be agri- NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 7 culture-,* and in this ait, improvements are constantly making. The in- troduction of gypsum, or ])laister of Paris, the establiahment and active exertions of agricultural societies, and the increased zeal of all profes- sions to promote the interests of the farmer, upon whom all ultimately depend — are circumstances highly favorable. Every opening which is made in our forests, displays for the use of man a soil that richly rewards cultivation. Maize, wheat, rye, oats, barley, flax, &c. are the common products; and vast quantities of pork, b«;ef, mutton, poultry, buttei and cheese are annually exported. Hemp has in sonie instances been suc- cessfully cultivated, and, it is believed, might be made a source of great profit to the farmer. The quantities raised of different productions on the acre are various. On the intervals which border our rivers, wheat often yields 20 or 30 b«shels, though from 15 to 20 is considered a good crop. Indian corn will average 30 or 40 bushels to the acre, and pota- toes fi-om 200 to 300. Instances of extraordinary crops, however, prove that with due cultivation our soil may in general be made to yield in far greater profusion. Of FRUIT we have a variety. No country in the world produces more abundant crops of apples, and our cider, by proper management, may be made of the first quality. Peaches, and other fruit requiring a warm climate, do not flourish here ; but pears, plums, cherries, and various ex- cellent wild fiuits grow in abundance. Prunes of fine flavor are found in the neighborhood of Lancaster. Our gardens, though less attention is paid to them than taste or usefulness would seem to require, still fur- nish a long list of fruits and vegetables that grow in abundance and in great variety. The Botany of New-Hampshire should of itself form the subject of a volume. Our native forest trees are lofty and luxuriant. No country pro- daces better timber, and vast quantities are annually exported. This state was originally an entire forest— the mountainous regions covered with a thick growth of oak, maple, beech, walnut, hemlock, fir, white pine, &c. ; the plains and valleys with the elm, cherry, ash, poplar, horn- beam, birch, sumach, locust, and many others. Of the pine we have several varieties. The white pine is perhaps the noblest tree in the world : its stem, though sometimes of the height of 200 feet, is perfect- ly straight, and crowned with a beautiful tuft of green. It sometimes ^ • The number engaged in agricuUuve in New-Haiupshire, in 1820, was 52,334; tu commerce, 1,068; in manufactures, 8,699. NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. exceeds six feet ia diameter.* The pitch pine, which also grows to a great height, is a beautiful tree. The hemlock is often a tree of great height and size. The fir and other species of pine grow to a more mod- erate height. Of the oak, elm, birch, maple, &c. we have varieties. — The hard, or rock maple, is the sugar maple of this region, and grows to a great height, yielding a sap which makes the finest sugar. The red and white maple also yield sugar, but in less quantities than the hard. Of wild plants and roots valuable for culinary and medicinal purposes, we have a great variety. The ginseng, so much esteemed by the Chi- nese, and long supposed to be found only in China and Tartary, is found in abundance and of good quality. The buck bean grows in Peterbor- ough and some other places; the true uvaursi, or bear's whortle-berry, and comus sericea, or large flowering dogwood, at Kingston and in oth- «r parts. Lobelia, henbane, cicuta, &c. are common in various parts of the state. Climate, &c. — The climate varies in temperature from a range of the thermometer of 15° below the zero of Fahrenheit to 95° above it. The mercury rarely descends to 20° below 0, except in an unusually cold winter. In the month of February, 1818, during several days, jt sunk from 20 to 30° below 0, and once, oa the 11th, at 7, A. M. it descended to 32°. In several winters since, in dift'erent parts of the state, it has been noticed at 20° below 0. The highest degree which has been no- ticed for the last seventeen years, wia^ii July, 1811, when the mercury was at 98°; and in July, 1820, when it stood at 100°. Such instance* very rarely occur. The air of New-Hampshire is pure and salubrious. During the winter months, the prevailing wind is generally from the N. W., the coldness of which has been attributed to various causes. — Kuropaan philosophers have supposed the cold of our N. W. winds to proceed/roni the great lakes, which lie in the interior of Nerth-America. But since it has been fully known that the great lakes lie westward of the true N. W. point, this opinion has been exploded. A second cause to which the coldness of these winds has been attributed is, a chain of high mountains running from S. W. to JV. E. in Canada and New- Britain, at a great distance beyond the St. Lawrence. A third opinion is that of the venerable Dr. Holyoke, of Salem, who supposes that the numerous evergreens in this country arc the source of the peculiar cold * " Anno 1736, near Merrimack livev, a little above Dunstable, was cut a whit« »ine, straight and sound, 7 ftet 8 inches in diameter at the butt end." *^ * Dmglais, V9l. tu p, SS, NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 9 which it ex]>eriences. A /fourth opinion is, that the coldness of these winds proceeds from the forested state of the country. The late Pres- ident D*vight enterl?>ined an opinion diflerent from all those we have mentioned, viz. that the winds which generate the peculiar cold of this country descend, in most cases, from the superior regions of the at- mosphere.^ The N. W. wind rarely brings snow, but when it does, the degree of cold is increased. The deepest snows fall with a N. E. wind, and «iorms from that quarter are most violent and of Jongest duration. On the mount»ins, the snow falls earlier and remains later than in the low grounds. On those elevated summits, the winds have greater force in driving the saow into the long and deep gullies of the mountains^, where it is so consolidated, as not to be dissolved by the vernal sun. — Spots of snow are seen on the south sides of mountains as late as May, and on the highest till July. A S. E. storm is often as violent, but com- monly shorter, than one from the N. E. If it begin with snow, it soon changes to ram. A brisk wind from the W. or S. W. with snow or rain, sonoetimes happens, but its duration is very short. Squalls of this kind are common in March. One of the greatest inconveniences suffered by the inhabitants of our country, is derived from the frequent changes in the state of the atmos- phere. At Portsmouth, in January, 1810, the change of temperature in about 24 hours was 44° of Fahrenheit. In other places it was equally great. Similar changes, which are disagreeable and cannot but be inju- rious to health, are frequent, though not in the seme degree. Changes from wet to dry, and from dry to wet, are at times unpleasant, and prob- ably unhealthy. There is no month in the year which is not sometimes very pleasant, and sometimes disagreeable. In a series of years, our roost pleasant months are June, September and October. Often the first two, and not unfrequently the first three weeks in September are, howev- er, very warm. From the 20th of September to the 20th of October, the weather is debghtful. The temperature is mild, the air is sweet, and the sky singularly bright and beautiful. This is the period denominated the Indian Summer. Some persons will think June to be a more pleasant month than either September or October. In June, there are usually a few days of intense heat. In all other respects, except the brilliancy and beauty of the heavens, this month itaust be confessed to have the su- • See Dwight's Travels, vol. i. page 65. B2 10 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. periorily over those last mentioned. The prog^ress of vegetation is vFon- derful ; and it seems as if the creative hand was, in the literal sense, re- nevving its original plastic efforts, to adorn the world vvith richness and splendor. All things are tlive and gay. " The little hills rejoice on ev- ery side. The pastures are clethed with flocks. The valleys are also covered wflh corn, and shout for joy." Health at the same time pre- vails in a peculiar degree. The Spring is often chilled by easterly wind* and rendered uacomfo.-table by rains. The Winter is the season for en- joyment to the active part of the community. The number of fair days in a year compared with the cloudy, is a? 3 to 1. We have had but few meteorological journals kept and published in this state. For several years past they have become more frequent, and it is hoped, that from the increasmg attention to the subject, com- parative results of the weather will become more numerous and exact. [For further remarks on this subject, the reader is referred to Belknap^s Hist. N. H. and Dwight's Travels in New-England, &c.] Health and Longevity.— New-Hampshire may be justly, qon8Jie a source of profit to the state. It is from this kind of ore *hat almost all the copper used in commerce and the arts is pro- cured. A vein oC sulphurct of had, or galena, has b«en explored in Lebanon, lut tioCs not afford suthcicnl quantities to defray the expense of smelting at the present price of labor and lead. Galena is also found at Orford, of fine texture. See Orford. A small mass, containing a large proportion o(nalia)e silver, has been found near Portsmouth ; and small quantities of /lorn. silver occur in the same mass. Diligent investigation has not yet discovered any more of this valuable metal. A rich iron ore is found at Franconia. — It is a magnetic ore, called by mineralogists magnetic oxide of iron. It yields from 60 to 75 per cent. At Franconia it is wrought, and atfords the mottled or grey cast iron : it would probably make excellent cannon. Some other ores of iron are also found in this state. The iron pyrites are found in many places. — Their fine golden yellow color has frequently led persons to suppose that they were gold. Such persons may be convinced that they are not gold, by reducing them te powder, and throwing it on a red hot iron : a strong smell of brimstone is immediately perceived, and its peculiar blue flame may often be noticed. The brotcn hematite iron ore is found in Chesterfield. — From this ore, a very good kind of steel may be manu- fectured at a small expense. Ochrey oxide of iron is found in Jaffrey on the Monadnock. Cwrbonate of iron in small quantity has been found in Hanover. At Lebanon, a vein of iron ore has been found, which ap- pears to be composed of the magnetic oxide, mixed with the pyrites. The substance called Plumbago^ or black lead, is found in several pla- ces in New-Hampshire. The most abundant locality is Bristol. It ap- pears to be of that valuable kind which is employed for making pencils. NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 21 •••f • - . " ' - ■' .- .. ■ — and might be used in the manufacture of crucibles and melting pots. It is equal to the celebrated BuiTowdale ore, and has been recently discov- ered. At Sutton it is also found, and of a quality adapted to the manu- facture of crucibles and anti-attrition paste. In addition to the above, it may be useful to noention the following lo- calities. Granular Limestone — Orford, Hanover ; it is used for the various purposes for which lime is employed. It is stratified with mica slate. Fetid imesfone— Orford; of a greyish white, distinctly crystallized. {Silliman.) Sienite — Hanover, in small quantity ; also at Charlc&town. (Hall.) Stauroiide, fine specimens, crystallized in primitive form — Franconia ; near Bellows-Falls, in argiilite. {Hall.) In mica slate, large crystalis, at Chesterfield. {Allen.) Quartz, very abundant, both crystallized and amorphous. At Amherst is a large quantity of uhiie opaque quartz, which may be found very use- ful in porcelain pottery. A manufactory of this kind was not many years since commenced near Boston, and relinquished for want of this mater- ial. The Amherst quartz is within eight or ten miles of the Merrimack, and might have been easily carried in boats almost into the kilns of the manufactory. Milky quartz — Andovcr, near the mountain, amorphous, and easily broken. Rose quartz- -Mount Washington. Ferruginous gwarf^-Gilmanton, red and yellow, in beautiful crystals —also at Francestown. /Zbrn^^one— Burton and Gilraanton. Jlfica— Grafton and Walpole, very fine; Gilmanton, good specimens ; aad at Alstead, in very large plates. /Sc/iorZ— Gilmanton, radiating on quartz, and darting through it in all directions ; Lime, very beautiful, imbedded in white semi-transparent quartz ; also at Chichefcler. Indicclite, at Hinsdale, large crystals, ia feldspar and quartz. {Allen.) Feldspar, abundant — Burton, Gilmanton, Taraworth, &c. Some spe- cimens approach nearly to au'ularia. Berylf is found in small quantities at New-Ipswich; also on the White HiUs. Garnet, very abundant in this state — the finest specimens, approach- ing the precious garnet, at Hanover. Common garnet, Monadnock. — C3 22 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. Amoiphous and in imperfect crystals, very elegant, at Franconia iron mine. Epidote—FrfiDConiSi, in the iron mine, ia light yellow acicular crys- tals \ at Portsmouth, in a porphyritic hornblende ; at Exeter, in beauti- ful groups of radiating crystals ; at GiJmanton ; at Bedford. ( Woodbury.) Tremoliie — Gilmanton ; Chester, near the Devil's den, bladed and a- bundaot. Hornblende— Uanover, Exet&r ; superb specimens are found at Fran- conia ; at Bedford. {Woodbury.) Steaiite—Ov^ovd, Francestown. Manganese, tuberous and manimillary, investing granite — Northwoo J. Magnetic iron, docleceedral crystals — Amherst. Fluate of Lime—neav the gap of the White Mountains, {Gihbs.) At Westmoreland, light green. (Hall.) AsbesiuS'^ Franconia. Amethyst— \yh\ie Hills, a feve rods S. E. from the Notch, in crystals; Hampton-Falls, in rolled pieces. (Cleaveland.) Jasper— Gilmanton, and White Hills, near the Notch, of a reddish color. (Gibbs.) Basanife— -North-Hampton, in scattered fragments. (Cleaveland.) JtfacZe— Bellows-Falls, Croydon, Charlestown, in argillite. (Hall.) Yellow Oc/ire— -Mew-Boston, Jaffrey, Rindge, Mason, Salisbury, Gil- manten. Alum — Bath. Emery — Lyman and Lancaster. Sulphate of iron, or Copperas — Gilmanton, Brentwood, Hopkinlon, PJymoutU and Rindge. Cyanite — Charlestown, abundant, of a dark blue color, imbedded in quartz. (Hall.) Finite — Near Bellows-Falls, in light grey cylindrical crystals, of 1-6 to 1-4 inch diameter, and sometimes 2 inches long. (Hall.) Kaolin, or porcelain-clay — New-Ipswich. Zoisite — Westmoreland. Mineral Springs. — Of springs thus denominated, we have a nnmber, though of no very great celebrity. The most noted are those at Amherst, . Milford, Jaffrey, Unity, Hanover, Concord,(Graftouco.) Lebanon. Little- ton, Meredith, Moultonborough and Wolfborough. Each of these has its visitors ^ and the waters of all have proved highly beneficial in some complaints. The mineral spring at Milford is not impregnated with any foreign substances tc so great a degree as to render it a hard water j but NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 23 like rain water aad river water, washes well, and is a pure good water. The spring at Amherst contains a minute portion of hepatic air, or sul- phuretted hydrogene. The spring at Lebanon contains a minute portion of sulphuretted hydrogene and of iron. The spring at Concord contains the same ingredients, together with a minute portion of muriate of soda, Jaffrey spring contains a small portion of carbonate of iron. None of these springs, however, are, strictly speaking, entitled to the name of mineral springs— their waters may be used in domestic economy. Government and Laws. — New-Hampshire has a written consti- tution, which was established by a convention of the people in 1792. It is founded upon the broad principles of rational liberty, and guarantees at once the safety of the stats and the personal rights of the citizen. — No person can be restrained in his freedom, until by crime he cuts off the obligation of society to protect him ; unless it be a matter of his own choice or sufterance. The supreme executive power of this state is ves- ted in the Governor and Council. The Governor is annually elected by the people : or, if there be no choice by the people, the Legislature chooses from the two highest candidates. The Council consists of five persons, chosen by the people. The Senate consists of twelve members, who are chosen by the people, in districts. Every town containing 150 rateable polls sends one representative, and lor every additional 300 polls, is entitled to another. The annual election is holdcn on the second Tuesday of March. The following extracts from the constitution, will sufficiently explain the nature and powers o( our government : Of the Governor and Council. — Every bill or resolve of the General Court, shall, before it become a law, be presented to the Governor ; if he approve, he shall sign it ; if not, return it, Avith his objections, to that house whex'e it originated, who shall reconsidftr it, &c. All judicial officers, the Attorney G«nerai, Solicitors, all Sheriffs, Coro- ners,Kegisters of Probate, and r.il officers of the Navy and Militia, shall be nominated and appointed by the Governor and Council. The power of pardoning offences, except such as persons may be con- victed of before the Senate, by impeachment of the House, shall be in the Governor, by and with the consent of the Council. No officer duly commissioned to command in the militia shall be re- moved from office but by the address of both houses to the Governor, or trial by court martial. No moneys shaii be issued out of the Treasury of this State and dis- posed of ( except such sums as may be appropriated for the redemption of bills of credit, treasurer's notes, or payment of interest arising there- on) but by warrant under the hand of the Governor by and with the ad- vice and consent of the Council. 24 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. Of the Senate. — The Senate shall consist of twelve members, who shall hold their office for one year from the first Wednesday of Jane next ensuing their election. The Senate shall be final judges of the elections, returns and qual- ifications of their own members, as pointed out in the Constitution, The Senate shall have power to adjourn themselves, provided such ad- journment do not exceed two days at a time. The Senate shall be a court, with full power and authority to hear, and determine, all impeachments made by the House of Repiesentatives against any officer of the State, for bribery, corruption, mal-practice or mal-administration in office, with full power to issue summons, on com- pulsory process for convening witnesses before them: but previous to the trial of any such impeachment, the members of the Senate shall be swsrn truly and imj)artiaily to try and determine the charge in question, according to evidence. Of the House of Representatives. — The House of Representatives shall be the grand inquest of the State, and all impeachments made by them, shall be heard and tried by the Seriate. Ail money bills shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senaft! may propose to concui with amendments, as on other billfi The House of Representatives shall have power to adjourn themselves, but no longer than two days si a time. No member of the Legislature shall be arrested or held to bail on mesne process, during his going to, returoing from, or attending upon the Court. The laws of this state, and the proceedings of the legislature, are by the constitution required t© be published, and are annually distributed to the several towns for the information of the people. The federal constitution was ratified by this state on the 2l3t of June, 1788, by a majority of eleven in the convention. Funds, Revenue, Taxes and ExPENSES.—The productive and unproductive fuiids of the state, invested in U. S. funded stock, bank stock and other securities, amount to $151,360 86. From these sources an annual revenue is realized to the state, amounting to <^8,110 07. Funds of the State. Seven per cent, slock of the Uailed States, . . . 17,605 00 Deferred six per cent, stock of do. . . . . 8,689 61 Three pei cent, stock of do 95,134 45 Fifty shares of stock in N. R. Bank, at present unproductive, 25,000 00 Bond executed by Treasurer of Dartmouth University, unpro- ductive, 4,000 00 Notes for consideration money of lands sold by Treasurer, 931 80 $151,360 86 Revenue. The annual revenue of the state may be estimated at $8,110 07, de- rived from the following sources : NEW-HAMPSHTRE GAZETTEER. 25 Interest on seven per cent, stock of the United States, . 1,232 35 Reimbursement of principal and interest on deferred six per cent, stock cf the U. S 3,967 79 Interest on three per cent, stock of the U. S. . . 2,854 03 Interest on notes for consideration monev of lands sold, 55 90 $8,110 07 Moneys received into the Treasury during the political year ending June 4, 1822. For taxes outstanding prior to the year 1821, $2,696 43 ; state tax of 1821, 30,000; for rents of rooms of medical building at Hanover, 18 92j principal and interest of notes given tor lands sold, 1,145 16; for reim- bursement of principal and interest on stock in U. S, funds, 8,054 17 ; for loans from banks, 17,000; for fines of militia exempts, 16 00; — mak- ing in all $58,930 68, Or, exclusive of loans to defray the expenses of the government, $41,930 68. During the year above mentioned, there were paid out of the Treasury, for money borro'.^ed, and to meet the current and ordinary demands on the government, sums amounting in the w^hole to $51,891 03 : — exhibit- ing the following state of the Treasury on the 4th day of June, 1822. Balance remaining in th« Treasury, June 4, 1821, . ^'''SS 44 Amount received into the Treasury during the ) ear ending June 4, 1822, , 58,930 68 63,696 12 Deduct disbursements during the year, . . . 61,891 03 Balance in the Treasury, .... $11,80509 Estimate of the expenses of government for the political year ending June 4, 1823. Salaries of the officers of governmeat, viz. governor, 1200; secretary, 300 ; treasurer, 600 ; altorney-general, 800 ; adjutant-general, 400; warden state pris5n, 800 ; justices superior court, 3800 ; for compensa- tion to members and otlicer*i of the legislature, including incidental ex- penses of the session, 16,145 75 : allowance to ceurt? martial, brigade inspectors and for military commisjions, 1100; for adjutant general's de- partment, 2234 ; compensation to commissary general, 190 t,8 ; sheriffs' accounts, 50 00; for printing, stationary and postage, 1250; encour- agement of agriculture, 250 ; for educating deaf and dumb children, 1000 ; bounties on wild cats, 190 ; expenses of eaquiry into the official conduct of Hon. Edward Evans, 263 72 ; contingencies, say 600. To which if the principal and interest of debts due banks be added, amount- ing — if payment can be made from the proceeds of the state tax as soon as the first of Feb. 1823 — to 11,450; and also certain unexpended bal- ances of appropriations for agricultural purposes, and for education of deaf and dumb children, amounting to $385, — ^there will be presented an aggregate amount of $43,009 45, for the expen'ses and disbursements of government, for the political year ending June 4, 1823, 26 NEVV-H-AMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. lAterai-y Fund. — This fund, which was establishftd by an act of the legislature, passed June 29, 1821, for the purpose of endowing "a col- lege for instruction in the higher branches of science and literature," consists of the proceeds of a tax of one half of one per cent, on the a- mount of the capital stock of the several banking corporations in this state. The aggregate amount of the tax for the last year was ^4,770 37. This sum has been converted into United States' six per cent, stock of 1815. Militia. — In New-Hampshire, the militia is composed of every able* bodied white male citizen, belvveen the ages of 18 and 45, except those exempted by law, among whom to the honor of the state, are those whose religious scruples render them averse to wai'. The militia of ibis state is divided by law into three divisions, sis brigades and thirty-nine regiments. Each division is commanded by a major-general who is al- lowed one division-inspector with the rank of colonel, and two aids with the rank of major. Each brigade has one brigadier-general, who is al- lowed one brigade inspector and one brigade quartermaster with the rank of major, and one aid with the jank of captain. To each brigade, the-re is a judge advocate. Each regknent is commanded by one colo- nel, one lieutenant-colonel and one major. The regimental staff con- sists of aa adjutant, quartermaster, paymaster, sijrgeon, surgeon's mate and chaplain, who are commissioned by the governor, one quarter-master- sergeant, one sergeant major, one drum major and one fife major,who are appointed by the colonel or commandant of the regiment. Companies of infantry consist of one captain, one lieutenant and one ensign, four sergeant*, four corporals, one drumraer, one fifer and sixty four rank and file. Companies of light infantry or grenadiers, of which two are al' lowed to each regiment, consist of forty eight rank and file. Compa- nies of artillery consist of one captain, two lieutenants, four sergeants, four corporal?, six gunners, six bombardiers, two drivers, one drummer, one fifer and sixteen matrosses. The cavalry consists of one captain, two lieutenanls, one cornet, four sergeants, four corporals, two musicians, one farrier, one saddler, and fifty privates. Thfc last annual return of the adjutant general furnishes the follo^ring abstract of ihe numbers of the militia, and of the arms and accoutre* ments. General officers and Staff. — Three major generals, 3 division inspectors, 6 aids-de-camp ; 6 brigadier-generals. 4 brigade inspectors, 6 brigade quartermasters, 6 aids-de-camp and 4 judge advocates. Field and Slaff.-~25 colonels, 35 lieutenant-colonels, 36 majors, 37 adjutants, NKW-HAMPSIIIRE GAZETTEER. 38 quartermasters, 37 paymaster?, 38 surgeons, 32 surgeons' mates, 32 chaplains, 37 sergeant majors, 35 quartermaster sergeants, 37 drnm^ma- jors* and 38 life-majors. Cavalry. — 41 companies, 40 captains, 74 lien- tenants, 38 cornets, 144 sergeants, 84 corporals, 81 musicians, 1450 pri- vates. Artillery. — 38 companies, 35 captains, 74 lieutenants, 141 ser- geants, 91 corporals, 99 musicians, 979 privates. Infantry, light infant- ry and granadiers. — 376 companies, 359 captains, 340 lieutenants, 336 ensigns. 1-270 sergeants, 518 corporals, 1043 musicians. 21,124 privates. Riflemen.—^ companies, 8 captains, 8 lieutenants, 8 ensigns, 30 ser^ geants, 18 corporals, 31 musicians, 287 privates. Arms and Actoutrements. Cavalry. — 1449 swords, 1446 sword sccbbards and belts, 2905 pistols, IGSShulsters, 1499 saddles and bridles, 1486 mail pillions, 1375 valises, 1491 cartridge boxes and bells, 1468 pairs of boots, 1468 pairs of spurs, 35 trumpets and bugles, 22 colors. Artillery. -W^l ^.woxd^, 28 pieces of brass ordnance, 1 piece of iron do, 53 drums and fires,.22 colours, &c. &c. Infantry, Sfc. — J 6,369 muskets, 15,967 bayonets, 16,104 iron ram- rods, 16,019 cartridge boxes and bells, 31.157 spare flints, 15,883 priming wires and brushes, 15,323 knapsacks, 15,414 canteens, 345 drums, 287 fifes. Riflemen. — 83 rifles, 51 powder horns, 83 pouches, 63 knapsacks, 40 canteens, 6 drums, 4 fifes. Books, Colors, Sfc. — 35 regimental colors, 1123 infantry regulations, 418 militia laws, 127 roll books, 308 orderly books. PoFULATioK. — The earliest enumeration which we find of the inhab- itants of this state, was a partial one, made in 1680, when the province contained only the towns of Portsmouth, Dover, Exeter and Hampton. There were then " between two and three hundred voters." Though no accurate survey was made until 1767, it has been estimated that the pop- ulation amounted to 30,000 in the year 1749. Table I. Shoioing the progressive population since 1749. 1749. 1767. 1775. 30,000 I 52,880 | 82,200 I 1790. I 141,885 1800. I 1810. I 182 0. 183,858 I 214,460 I 244,161 Table II. Exhibiting the average increase in different periods. $fo. Trs. Dr.ily inc. Tearly tm. Total increa. Remarks. The »nnii.al From 1749 to 1767. 18 3.4 1271 22,880 " 1767 to 1775, 8 10.0 3652 29,320 incr. tor the last 71 jrs. is 3016 :-daily " 1775 to 1790, 15 10.9 3979 59,685 " 1790 to 1800, 10 11.4 4197 41.973 inor, f-uring " 1800 to 1810, 10 8.4 3060 30,602 the same pe- " 1810 to 1820, 10 8.1 2970 29,701 riod, about 8. NEW -HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. The rapid increase of population between the years 1767 and 1800, was owing ia part to adventitious causes. After tLe peace of 1763, em- igrations became frequent from the neighboring states into the new town- ships ot New-Hampshire, and many also removed from the older settle- ments (o the new, under encouragements from government or the pro- prietors of the lands. In 1790, the population of the Union was princi* pally confined to the Atlantic states^ those west of the Alleghany moun- tains containing scarcely 100,000 inhabitants. Since that period the tide of emigration has set strongly to the west; great states have arisen bejoudthe mounuins, a great proportion of whose inhabitants were from New-England. New-Hampshire has furnished her full share of adventurers ; and the increase of her mhabitants has been proportion- ably less, within the last thirty years. From the returns of the census for the year 1820, it appears that there were in this stite. Under iO yea: s. From 10 to 16. 16 to 26. 26 to 45 AS & vfnv''dt. Males, 35.466 19,672 22,703 22,956 18.413 Females, 34,599 18,899 24,806 25,797 19,925 The txcess o{ female in our population is 4,816. There are 786 free persons of color in this state; but the footstep of a slave does not pol- lute our soil. ; Table HI. Shewing the proportion of Sexes at different periods; and of black end white population in 1820. [N. B. Ih thistable is included the whole of New-Eugland, taat the reader may at a glance see the proportion of the different states] STATES. jXo. of females fo 100 males. j Proportion— 182&.\ 1790. 1 1800. 1 1810. 1 1820. Blacks. Whitet. New-Hampshiie Maine 93.90ll00.52 95.391 96.27 104.07 102.92 102.19 101.92 102.66 105 46 101.44 97.15 102.53 101.92 104 ft3 104.051 99.36 104.83 104.26 0.32 0.31 1.28 2.89 434 99.68 99.69 98.72 9711 95.66 99.61 Mpssachuselts. ...... Rhode-I'land Vermout 90 48' 94 0'' 97 48'100 50" 0..'^9 The population of this state is 26 to a square mile. That of Massa- chusetlsis 74; of Maine, 9 ; Connecticut, 55 ; F>.hode-Isv their fostering patronage from an object de- serving so much encouragement. On the 19(h of De:erab*r, 1820, a Board of Agriculture was incorporated. It consists of six delegates, one to be chosen by ballot from each ©f the county agricultural societies within this state, who meet annually at Concord on the 2d Wednesday in June. In 1821, the Legislature granted $250 to be appropriated by the Board, in defraying the necessary expenses of procuring and preparing materials for the publication of a pamphlet, to contain such reports and returns from the county societies, and such essays relative to agricultural improvements as the Board n ay think will conduce to tlie advancement of agriculture. A similar grant for the same purposes was made at the last s6ssi^Jn of the Legislature. There ave, in this state, many religious and charitable i^strtutions, of which (he mere enumeration would extend this article to a dispropor- tiouaie leagth. The most prominent only can be noticed. The New- Hampshire Bible Society was organized in June, 1812. Its object is to supply the destitute 'vith Bibles, either gratuitously, or at reduced prices. It has upwards of 700 members, who are required to pay annually two dollars eack, and may receive one bible, or three dollars and receive t%vo bibles. It became auxilary to the American Bible Society in Sept. 1816, to which it has remitted $3216 for Uibl*s, and $1231 97 as dona- 40 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. tions. The New-Hampshire Missionary Society was instituted in .^ept. 1801, and is designed to furnish preaching and religious instruction to destitute churches in this stale. The amount of its funds is above $3000. The Rockingham, Hillsborough, Cheshire and Grafton Bible and Char- itable Societies are each of them u'eful institutions, and are extending their benefits to objects within their respecl've limits. There are 35 Musical Societies, which have had no small Influence in collecting and introducing into practice the best productions on music ; in acquiring and diffusing a correct taste for psalmody ; and in contrib- uting a large share towards the eipjoyment of the pleasures of sacred harfGony. The Grand Lodge of New-Hampshire was constituted July 8, 1789. — Under its jurisdiction, there are 37 Masonic Lodges, several of which have been incorporated. A Grand Royal Arch Chapter was instituted in 1820, and there are sis subordinate Chapters, viz. St. Andrews at Hanover, established 3^n. 27, 1807; Trinity at Hopkinton, Feb. 16, 1807; Washington at Portsmouth, Nov. 1815 ; Cheshire, at Keene, May 4, 1816; Franklin, at Bath, July 10, 1820; and Webb at Clare- mont, July 1M821. There have been incorporated in this state 31 academical associations, 169 social libraries, 117 religious societies and congregations, and 56 so- cieties of various denominatiens not classed. Banks. — There are in this state ten banking institutions in operation, and two others, one at Amherst and the other at Claremont, incorporat- ed in June, 1822, which have not yet gone into operation. Names of Mtrnks, IVhere located. Incorporated. Charters exliire. Capital. New-Hacnpshire, Portsmouth, Jan. 3. 1792. Jan. 3, 1842. 200,000 N. H. Union, do. June 18,1802. July 1, 1822. 200,000 Portsmouth, do. June 11,1803. July 1, 1823. 200,000 Rockingham, do. Nov. 5. 1813. Jan. 1, 1834. 200,000 Strafford, Dover, June 11,1803. July 4, 1823. 150,000 Exeter, Exeter, Dec. 19,1803. Jan. 1. 1824. 200,000 Coos, Haverhill, Dec. 24.1803. Jan. 1, 1824. 100,000 Cheshire, Keene, Dec. 24,1803. March 1,1824. 150,000 Concord, (Upper) Concord, (Lower) ; Concord, June 18, 1806. July 1, 1826. 200,000 Both the Concord Banks issue bills under and claim the same charter. The New-Hampshire Union, Portsmouth, Strafford, Coos and Cheshire Banks were re-incorporated, with certain restrictions and limitaticiw, Jun^ 28, 1821, for the further terra of twenty years. The name of the 003 Bank was altered to Grafton Bank, and all bills issued after the fir» NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 41 of January, 1822, were to assume that name. These banking institutions are subject to a tax of one half of one per cent, on the amount which shall, on the second Wednesday of June annually, constitute the actual stock of said banks. The object of this tax is to raise a fund to be pledg- ed and appropriated to the endowment or support of a college for in- struction in the higher branches of science and literature m this state, Ic be applied in such way and manner as the legislature shall hereafter direct. Q:^ The sums noted in the preceding table, as the capital of our bank?, are their allowed capital, ai.d not the amount actually paid in. — S€& Literary Fund, p. 26. The State House.— This beEuliful edifice is situate in Concord in the county ol Rockingham, upon a gently indijied plane between mp in and state streets, and has two regular fronts, east and west. Tbo centre of the building is fifty feet In front by fifty -seven in depth ; the wings are each thirty-eight feet in front by forty-nine in depth ; the whole making a parallelogram of one hundred and twenty -six feet in lengih by forty-nine in width, with the addition of a projecti-yu in the ce.ntre oT each front of four feet. It is two stories above the basement, which rises five feet above the surfece of the ground : the first story is nine- teen feet ; the second eighteen feet in the wings and thirty-one in the centre. The roofs of the wings are levelled at the outer ends and rise ten feet against the body of the centre ; the roof oi the centre rises thir- teen {e.ei, presenting gable ends in front ; from the middle of which, the cupola rises, eighleen feet square, to the height of fifteen feet above t&e ridge ; thence in an ociasgular form, thirteen feet in diameter, sevfenteen feet, and is covered vnlh a roof in the form of an inverted acorn rising to the height of nine feet, and surmounted with s gilt ball, thirtj^-three inches in diameter, on which stands an eagle six and a half feet in height, with its wings partially espaaded. Each front has in its lower story three doors and six windows, and in its upper story, nine windows with a semi-eliiptical window in each gable end : four windows in the south, and two in th» north end. The outside walls of the building are of granite sione, hammered, and built in a plain style— the only ornament being a Tuscan frontispiece of stone work at each central front door. The roof and cupola ar« ef wooden materials. The roof is ornamen- ted with a coviag appropriate to the Doric order, and a balustrade up- on the wings. The square part of the cupola is ornamented with twelve lauic columns, three at each corner.placed in a triangular position, with an appropriate Coving and balustrade. The octangular part has one lo. nic column at each corner, surmounted with an urn, E \ 42 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. In the second stoiy of the centre is the Representatives' chamber, with an arched ceiling rising thirty feet from the floor, elegantly finished with stucco-work. The north wing contains the Senate chamber, eigh- teen feet in height, with a beautiful ceiling of plaistering, ornamented with stucco-work, supported by four Ionic columns and an equal num- ber of pilasters. This room, for its neatness and elegance of finishing, is not perhaps inferior to any in the (Jnited States. In the south wing ate contained the Council chamber and anti-chaniber, both of which are finished in a handsome style. In the same wing, in the lower story, which is divided into two parts, are the Secretary's and Treasurer's offi- ces, over which is a suite of committee rooms. In the north wing un- der the Senate chamber is a spacious room intended for public hear- ings before committees of the legislature. This rpom is also conveni- ently arranged and is sufficiently commodious for the accomraodatioa of the Superior Court, when holding a law terra. Under the Represen- tatives' chamber is an open area, in which are eight Doric columns, sup- porting the flooring above. This area, with the adjacent passages in the wings, cooled by (he current of fresh air passing through the spa- cious doors and windows opening into them, affi>rds, in the warm month of June, a delightful retreat to legislators.when fatigued by long attention to their arduous duties, or heated by the ardor of debate, above stairs ; and it is by no means an uncommon cass to see them availing them- selves of the benefits of this pleasant retirement. The lot on which the State House stands contains something mijwe than two acres,enclosed on its sides with a solid wall of hammered stone about five feet high ; the front fences are of stone posts and sills and iron eastings, with gates of the same material. The expenses of building this house, including the fences, the lot of ground whereon it stands and the furniture of the bouse, amounted to nearly eighty -two thousand dollars. The amount drawn from the treas- ury of the state in pursuance of sundry appropriations for that pur- pose, %vas $67,372 M Labor done at the State Prison, as appears from the char- ges on the books there, amounted to the sum of $10,455 16 The lot of land whei-eon the house stands, the sto«e for the house, and drawing the same, all which was given by a few patriotic individuals of CoacoRd, amounted to 4,000 00 $81,827 60 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 43 In the construction of this building with its appendages, including the fencing of the lot, there' were required 37,000 (eet of hammer- ed stone. The facings of the walls and partitions of the basement, which are coarsely hammered, may be estimated at 4,800 square feet : the walls of the house, door poit«, threshholds, window sills, &c. which are finely hammered, at 16,200 fest ; steps, flagging, walk«, &c. at 6000 feel, and 10,000 feet for the fences. In addition to these quanti- ties, there were required 7,000 cubic feet of rough stone for the founda- tion of the building, and 5,000 feel for the foundation of the fence. There were also required 630 thousand bricks, 840 casks of lime, 12 tons of plaister, 7 tons of soap-stone, 7 tons iron, 4,000 pounds of steel, 8,000 bushels of coal, 500 thousand feet of lumber, two and a half tons of lead, 2000 feet of glass, one thousand dollars value of oil and paints, and five hundred dollars value of nails. . • State Prisojst. — The state prison or penitentiary is a handsomo building, situated in Concord, three stories high, built entirely of granite. It is 70 feet in length, 36 feet wide, the walls of which are three feet ia thickness. It contains in all 36 cells, the dimensions of which are 3 feet by 9, with the exception of six in the upper story fcr the accommodation of the sick, &c. which are 10 by 17. The yard is enclosed by a faced wall of 259 feet by 192, fourteen feet high, surmounted by a range of pickets ten feet in lengih. Connected with the prison, is a house for the accommodation of the warden, his family, guards, &;c. built «lso ©f gran* ite. four stories high exclusive of the basement, and is 49 feet by 22. The officers, &c. of this in?titution are a warden, physician, chaplain, depuly-'.varden, tour guards, two overseers of the work-shops — the whole of whom receive their pay dif ectly from the proceeds of the prison, with the exception of the warden, whose salary, $300, is drawn from the trea- sury. The governor and council for the time being conslitule the board of directors or visitors. The convicts are employed in stone-Cutting, coopering, smithing, shoe-making, weaving and tailoring. The prison was erected in 1812 ; and cost with the appurtenances about ^37,000 — since which time between $4000 and $5000 have been drawn from the treasury to defray the expense of additional buildings. The first com- mitment to this penitentiary was in Noversber, 1812— since which peri- od, 199 have been confined, four of whom were females, 19 foreigners. Of these, 24 were sentenced for horsestealing; for counterfeiting and forgery, 30-, assault, &c. 8 ; manslaughter, 3 ; perjury, 1; arson, 4; 44 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. burglary, 3 ; stealing, 126, The greatest number conSned at any one iiine, 74 — present nanober, 56. Previous to the establishment of our state prison, there were eight of- fences, that by a law of the stute subjected the offender to capita! pun'- i<»hment; but in that year they were reduced to two—treason and wilful murder.* If this benevolent change in our laws has not diminished, it has not increased, the number of crimes. The expenses of our state prison have greatly diminished since the Alterations made in the man- agement of its affairs, and the introduction of a new system — the ap- pointment of a new warden, and placing the institution under the imrac- fh'ate control of the governor and e©unc:l. The police of the prison is rigid and salutary. The convicts are dressed in uniform, ¥.n6 comforta- bly fed. The sexes are kept apart. Great care is bestowed by the offi- cers of 'the institution upon their morals — in the hope of reforming the offender, and fitting him to respect and observe those laws, for the \iola- lion of which he is condemned to suffer. In the year ending May SI, 1818, the expenses of this institution ex- ceeded the profits of the labtr of convicts, &c. in the sum of $4235 61. In June of that year, the legislature deemed it necessarj to alter the in- ternal system of the penitentiary ; and appointed new officers to man- age its concern?. For the year ending May 31, 1819, (he whole expense of the prison exceeded the profits in the sum of $862 72. In the year ending May 31, 1820— $345 45. In the year ending May 31, 1821— $232 89. During the year ending May 31, 1822, there was a net gain over the expense of $392 50. The sums drawn from the treasury for the support of the prison, since 1817, are as follow : For the year endiag May 31, 1818, . . . 7000 00 May 31, 1819. . . . 3152 34 May 31, 1820, . . . 2100 00 May 31, 1821, ... 963 00 May 31, 1822, . . . 1000 00 And it is confidently expected that no further aid from the treasury will be necessary for the support of the prison for a number of years, unless some unforeseen accident should change the aspect of its affairs. Curiosities. — As the?e will be described at some length in the ceurse of this work, the reader is referred to the heads under which they • The crimes forroeily punishable with death, were— f eason, murder, rape, so- domy, burglary, arson, robbery, and one spt'cies of forgery. Fines &nd imprison- ment, the lash and the pillory, were also bestowed, with unsparing severity, on minor offence*. The two latter m^des of punishment are now emirely abolished,. NEW.HAMP3H1RE GAZETTEER. 45 are noticed. See Amoskeag Falls, Atkinson, Harrington, Bellows Fal!s» Chester, Durham, Franconia, Hampton, Ossipee, Saubornton, White Mountains. Indians.— Whatever relates to the aboriginals of our country, those early proprietors of the soil which «ve inherit, must be interesting to pos- terity. The lands which we cultivate, the forests, the rivers and moun- tains around us, once swarmed with a distinct race of the human fami- ly. They, whose character was once so lofty and independent, are hardly seen among us, and if seen, are seen "begging the price of their perdition." They, who might have exterminated the Europeans on their arrival, have themselves become exterminated, and most of their memo- rials have perished with them. It is much to be regretted, that so little has been preserved respecting the Indians of New-Hampshire ; but there have been causes for this omission in recording their historj which could not easily have been removed. " In the first place, the hor. ror proceeding from the cruelties of their warfare forbade the calmness of investigation. As long as they were formidable, curiosity was over- powered by terror ; and there was neither leisure nor inclination, to contemplate their character as a portion of tht human family, while the glare of conflagraiion reddened the midnight sky, and the yelJs of the savage, mingled with the shrieks of the butchered victims, rode as por- tentous messengers, on every gale. But that state of things has ceased to exist. The white men in America have become too numerous to fear any longer the effects of savage barbarity, such as assailed the early inhabitants of our state, and carried terror to the stoutest heart." A spirit of sympathy should now be excited for this unfortunate race of beings. Pity for those that remain should fill our breasts. *' Indulge, our native land, indulge the tear, " That steals Impassioned oVr a nation's doom ; " To us each twig from Adam's stock is dear, " And teai-s of sorrow deck an Indian's tomb.'' The Indians who formerly inhabited New-Hampshire may be consid- ered under five separate divisions : viz. 1. Those tribes residing on Pas- catcqua river and its branches. 2, The various tribes on the Merrimack and its tributary streanw. 3. The Ossipee Indians on Lake Ossipee and the PequackelLs on Saco river, in the N. E. part of the state. 4. The In- dians on Ccnneclicut river. 5. The Coos Indians. When the first settlers arrived, they found on Squamscot river, in the viciiiity of Exeter, a tribe under Wahangnonawitt, as their sagamore j £2 4l> NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. on Cocheco river around Dover, lived the Newichwannock^, having s sagamore, named Howls, and on the Pascataqua were the Pascafaqua tribe. A'-l these tribes and several others, as tar cast as Kennebeck riv- «•, were generally called by the generic name of Abenaquies. On Mer- rimack river, there were numerous collections of Indians; as we have reason to suppose from the relics which are annually found on its bor- ders. In the summer of 1821, parts of three skeletons were found on this river, at Bedford, in the county of Hillsborough. One of them ap- peared to be interred in a sitting posture, and all their heads lay towards the south. During the present year, there was found in the garden of Mr. James Riddle of Merrimack, a skeleton supposed to be that of an Indian, which had probably been interred more than eighty years. The Penacook tribe, which lived in the vicinity of Concord, was the most considerable in numbers and importance of any tribe vvhich lived in this state on Merrimack river. In 1629, Passaconarvay was their grand sa- chem, who lived till the year 1660, and who ever remained friendly to the English, and at his death, strictly enjoined his son and successor, Won- a'anset, io maintain peace with his English neighbors. Around the falls at Amo'skeag, have been discovered many traces of Indians, and here probably was one of their best fishing grounds. The Ossipee and Pequackett Indians at the lime the first settlers of this state arrived, probably amounted to nearly 800 souls. On Connecticut river, there were doubtless many tribes, but we are lost in darkness and perplexity when we attempt to name them or point out their individual residence. The history of the Coqs Indians is involved in the same obscurity. The Indians, inhabitiiig this state, several times suffered from the Mohawks, a fierce and savage race living in the county of Montgomery in the state of New- York. Some of the small tribes were nearly exterminated by their ferocity and savage barbarity. They were more cruel to -the east- ern Indians than the eastern Indians were to the Europeans. The In- dians in this state inhabited those regions where the means of subsis- tence could be the most easily obtained. It w^s observed by the earliest inhabitants of this country, that they were most numerous on the banks of large rivers, where their wants were, in a great measure, supplied by the abundance offish, which, at former periods, those streams produced. In the gradual diminutTOn and final extinction of the aboriginals of New- Hampshire, we have a melancholy specimen of what has happened in like manner to all the Indian tribes, who once inhabited the territory of New-England, except a few feeble remnants in the south part of Massa- NEW-HAl\rPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 47 chusetts and some in Coniiecticut ; and of hundreds &( other powerful tribe?, once spread over the seitled parts of om* country. And such will be the inevitable destiny of ali Indians now rrjiogled among oui* white population, if a radical change in our treatment of ihem, be not adopt- ed. The monuments and relics of the Indians in this state have been accurately described by Dr. Belknap in (he 3J vol. of his Hist, of ?^. H. page 63, to which We refer the reader. History. — New-Hampshire was discovered by Capt. John Smith, an English navigator, in 1614. The name was givfn to it by Capt. John Mason, the original patentee. In the earliest grant made to Mason and Gorges in 1622, it is styled Laconia, and in some of our earliest histories it is called Capt. Mason's Patent and Pascataqua. The first settlements were made at Dover and Portsmouth in the year 1623. The first settlers, of whom the principal were Edward Hilton, William Hilton, and David Thompson, were sent from England by the original proprietors of Laco- nia, to found a plantation on Pascataqua river ; to cultivate the vine, dis- cover mines, carry on the fisheries and trade with the natives. The two Hiltons, with their associates, settled at Dover neck, about seven miles from Portsmouth. Thompson, with his company, set down nearer the harbor. In 1629, Rev. John Wheelwright purchased of several Sacbems the country between the Merrimack and Pascataqua, from the ocean a far back as the town of Amherst; about fifty miles. In 1638, Mr. Wheelwright, with a small company from Braintree, commenced the settlement of Exeter ; and the same year the town of Hampton was set- tled. These were the first towns settled in New-Hampshire. The in- habitants of these places met with many difficulties in their progress. Their land was granted over, and over again, in successive patents; and with different patentees, they had many perplexing disputes. The cli- mate was more severe, and their soilless fruitful, than that of Massachu- setts and Connecticut. In the beginning of their plantations, they were more divided in their principles, and less harmonious in their measures, than the people of those colonies. At the same time, they had no stable- government, of sufficient vigor to discourage dissentions. They were, also, not a little perplexed with loose Ministers, and Magistrates ; such as generally withdraw from regular, well principled society, to indulge their mischievous dispositions, and establish their influence in more imperfect communities. In 1641, sll these settlements, by a voluntary act, submit- ted to Massachusetts, and were comprehended in the county of Norfolk, which extended from the Merrimack to the Pascataqua. The govern* 48 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. ment of Great Britain, for many years, paid them but little attention. At length iu 1679, a new government was estabhshed, and New-Hamp- shire was made a royal province by commijsion from Charles II. The commission was brought to Portsmouth by Edward Randolph, January 1, 1680 ; but it was received with great reluctance by those persons nom- iaated in it to the Presidency and Council. The first General Assembly met at Portsmouth, on the 16th of March following, in which Portsmouth, Dover, Hampton and Exeter were the only towns represented.— In 16S6, a change took place, and all New-England was entrusted to a President and Council. After the imprisonment of Andros, the union with Massa- chusetts was revived in 1689, but in 1692, the old separate government was established. From 1699 to 1702, it was united with Massachusetts and New-York, and from 1702 to 1741, with Massachusetts. In 1741, the boundary lines were established by royal authority, by which New- Hampshire received from Massachusetts a tract of country, of fourteen miles in breadth, and above fifty in length, more than the former had ever claimed. The same year, Benning Wentworth was appointed Gover- nor and continued in office until 1767, when he was superseded by John Wentworth, who continued in office till the revolution. A tempo- rary government was established in 1776, to continue durirg the war with Great Britain. It consisted of a house of representatives, and a council of twelve, with the addition of an executive committee to act in the recess of the legislature. The number of this committee varied from six to sixteen. The president of the council was also president cf the executive committee. The Hon. Mesheck Weare filled this responsi- ble office throughout the war. A new constitution vas established in 1784; and this being altered and amended in 1792, is the permanent constitution of the state. We conceive it unnecessary to introduce more of the history of New-Hampshire into this general view, especially when we are in possession of such an invaluable history as that of the Rev. Dr. Belknap. ©tiitval Tim ot tfje ^ountim. ROCKINGHAM COUNTY. The county of Rockingham is situated between 42° 41' and 43° 27'' N. latitude. It is bounded N. and N, E. by Stsaftord county; E. by the Atlantic, from the mouth of the Pascataqua to the line of Massachusetts ; S. by Ma«g. ; W. by the county of Hillsborough. Its length is about 50 miles; its breadth, from the S. W. corner of Pelham to Portsmouth, is 36 miles. It is of a triangular shape, being no more than 6 miles wide at the N. W. part. It comprises an area of 661,640 acres, or 1.034 square miles nearly. There are no remarkable elevations in t|iis county : the surface, however, is uneven, and in the N. part, from the higher cminea- ces, affords fine views ©f the surrounding country. The highest points are. Saddleback mountain in Northwood and Deerfield, Fort, in Ep- som, Catamount in Pittsfitld, and Bean's hill in Northfield. The Winne- pisiogee river v^'^ashes the N. bouiwlary of this county, falling into the Merrimack at the N. W. corner. From thence the Merrimack foims the ^vestern lirje to the to'>vn of Concord, where it receives the vralers of the Contoocook from the county of Hillsborough. Meandering through Concord, it enriches some fine tracts of interval land, and re- ceivps the waters of the Soucook at the S. E. coroer of the town. The Suncook joins the Merrimack at the S. corner of Pembroke. The Lamprey, Exeter, Beaver and Spiggot rivers water the E. and S. E. parts of the county. The largest collection of water is the Great Bay, between Newington and New-Market, and connecting- with the Pascata- qua. Massabesick pond lies pr.ncipally in Chester, and is picturesque from its numerous islands and the surrounding elevations. The other principal ponds are, Island pond in Hampstead, Great and Country ponds in Kingston, Pleasant pond in Deerfield, Turkey, Long and Turtle ponds in Concord. 1 he soil of the county of Rockingham, having been longer under cultivation than that of any other county, is very fertile ; and agricultural pursuits are here crowned with much success. The number of persons engaged in agriculture, in 1820, was 10,522; in com- merce, 609 ; in manufactures, 1;973. Portsmouth has the only sea-porti^ 50 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. and is the largest town in the state. Exeter is an ancient town, and a place of much business. Concord is the seat of the state government, and is a flourishing town. Exeter and Concord are the seats of jus- tice. The population of this county in 1775, was 37,463 ; 43.169 in 1790; 45,427 in 1800; 50,175 in 1810: the population in 1820 was 55,246, or 53.4 to the square njiie. STATISTICAL TABLE. 5" CO o ? ^ ^ ^ Q S. Q o n -5 1= Towns. OS r 1 o c P a> 3 3 3 1^ 3 5' 1 1 i p _ 1 Allenstown T ~~r 4 2 I 5 2 1 Atkinson 1 6 3 2 2 3 1 1 Bow 1 8 8 3 e 2 1 1 1 1 Brentwood 3 4 3 5 5 31 4 1 4 Candia 2 12 12 1 5 5 6 2 1 1 1 Canterbury 3 9 8 3 4 4 3 1 1 2 2 Chester 2 16 16 7 8 18 10 1 1 4 Chichester 1 6 6 4 3 5 2 1 2 Concord 2 20 20 11 20 6 7 4 3 2 7 Dee. fit Id 2 11 11 8 6 10 8 2 3 4 6 East Kingsloa 1 4 4 1 2 4 1 1 Eppiwg 3 8 8 5 7 5 3 1 1 jEpgom 1 6 6 6 4 8 7 3 3 4 lExeter 3 6 6 8 19 4 5 1 1 1 Greenland 1 4 4 2 3 1 4 1 Hampstead 1 8 6 4 2 2 2 1 2 1 I Hampton 2 4 4 3 4 3 5 21 Hampton Falls 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 Ha'A-ke 1 3 3 2 1 Kensington 2 3 1 3 2 1 1 ffingsion 1 5 5 6 5 4 5 2 2 Londonderry 2 18 18 4 8 10 8 2 2 1 Loudon 2 9 9 3 8 6 6 2 i 3 3 New-Castle 1 1 1 3 1 1 Newin^ton New-Market 1 1 2 2 1 2 6 6 4 10 2 3 1 1 1 Newtown 1 2 2 1 1 1 Northfield 1 8 8 2 5 2 3 4 North-Hampton 1 3 3 1 1 3 4 Northwood 2 8 2 2 6 8 3 2 4 Nottingham 1 8 8 4 1 7 4 1 1 1 iPelham 2 5 5 4 3 3 1 1 1 i Pembroke 2 3 8 3 11 6 5 = '1 4 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 51 Towns. (11 o a" c 2. a, 1' cr ^ n P 1 1 O 1 ST 2. ¥ 9 9- 3 i' 3 Si 1 1 Pittsfield 2 9 9 2 3 7 3 2 2 3 3 Plai?tow 1 4 4 3 4 1 2 1 1 Poplio 1 3 3 1 1 3 3 1 1 3 Portsmouth 7 9 7 280 4 \ l!l2 12 Raymond 1 8 8 4 3 1 1 4 Rye 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 Salem 2 9 9 3 4 3 4 2 3 Sandown 1 3 4 4 2 1 2 3 Seabrook 3 3 3 3 3 5 ISouth-Hampton 1 4 4 2 3 1 1 1 Strathara 2 4 4 1 1 3 3 1 1 5 6 Windham J ' 6 1 2 1 1 1 45 towns 78 276 281 127 453 188 156 |47 i! 49 81 Besides the above, there are 4 distilleries, 3 woollen and 5 cotton fac. Dries, 4 oil mills, antl 6 paper mills, four at Pembroke, one in Northfield and one at Exeter. There are nine printing establishments in this county, four at Concord, two at Exeter, and three at Portsmouth. Four of these are newspaper oflices, from which about 5600 papers are issu- ed weekly. There a?e seven incorporated academies in this county, several of which are well endowed. That at Exeter is one of the beat institutions of the kind in the countr3\ The first settlements in New- Hampshire were made at Dover, Portsmouth, Exeter and Hampton. The first settlement at Portsmouth commenced in the year 1623. Until the formation of counties in 1771, all the courts were holden and all public business transacted at Portsmouth. On the 19th of March in that year this coimty was formed, and named by Gov. Wentworth, in honor of Charles Watson Wentworth. K. G. F. R. S. Marquis of Rock- ingham. On the! 6th of June 1791, the divisional lines wer£ defined and established by the new government of the state. STRAFFORD COUNTY. This county is situated between 43° 03' and 44° 02' N. latitude ; boua- ded N. by the county of Coos, E. by the state of Maine, S. and S. W 52 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. by Rocking^ham, W. by the Pemigewasset river, which separates it from parts of the counties of Grafton and llillsborougb, and N. W. by Graf- ton county. It is 63 miles in length, froni the mouth of Lamprey river to the N. line of Burton 5 33 rtiilei wide at the centre. Its shape, like that of all the other couolies, is irregular. It contains an area ol 861,171 acres, being 1345 1-2 square miles. This county, which extends to ihe neigh- borhood of the White Mountains, has several considerable mountains within its limits. Chocorua, in Burton, Sandwich mountain in the same range, Ossipee and Effingham mountains, Gunstock mountain in Gilford, Moose, in Brookfield and Middleton^ and other heights along the ridge denominated Blue Hills, are the most elevated. Bed Hill in Moultonborough has a commanding elevation, and has long attracted visitors. Below, the waters of the Winnepisiogee lie open to the eye, and its numerous islands and bays present a fine appearance. This lake IS much the largest body of water in the state, being 22 miles long, and varying from one to eight miles in width. Sullivan, or Squam lake, lies partly in this county, end is 6 miles in leagth and nearly 5 in width. Ossi- pee lake is also in this county. Great bay, Long bay and Merrymeeting bay, are connected with the Winnepisiogee lake. Smith's pond, in Wolf- borough, Sixmile, in Eaton, Merrymeeting, in New-Durham, and Love- well's, in Wakefield, are the principal ponds. The larger rivers are (he Pascataqua, Salmon-Fall, Cochecho, Saco and Swift rivers. The soil of Strafford county, though presenting a great variety, is generally good. Our lands are generally hard of cultivation, but the patient laborer finds (an ample reward for his industry. Persons in this county engaged in agriculture in 1820, were 10,28'^; in manufactures, 1,538 ; and in com- tnerce, 9. STATISTICAL TABLE • f I en f 9 ^ 9 D3 ? n ^ i s 2 P s 5 5' S Towns. r p ^ r 5 f 1. i g- 5" ? p !? Alton 3 20 14 1 1 5 11 5 1 1 11 3 3 Barnstead 3 11 11 3 1 10 7 5 2 A Berrington 1 10 7 1 1 3 4 4l 1 1 2 Brookfield 1 1 ' 4 4 I 4 1 ' 1 2 NEW-HARIPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 53 IS re Towns. ^ I r 3' -J g 5 3 C o S' n a. 1' 3 5 ■D r i 2. O C F" 1 3 o F • tr- 3 n 1 Biuton 4 3 2 4 Centre-Harbor 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 Conway 2 12 6 3 4 4 5 2 2 Dover 2 10 8 5 30 2 4 5 4 7 7 Durham 1 8 8 4 12 4 5 2 1 4 4 Eaton 1 9 6 2 1 7 6 1 1 Effingham 2 10 8 2 6 4 5 1 1 4 4 Farmington 1 12 11 1 4 4 6 1 4 Gihiianton 6 24 24 6 12 11 18 4 3 6 Gilford 2 10 10 1 5 5 4 1 1 5 Lee 2 7 7 2 3 7 6 1 1 3 5 Mactbury . 1 4 4 2 1 1 Meredith 3 15 15 3 10 6 3 4 6 2 2 Middleton 1 3 3 2 2 1 2 1 Moiiitonborough 1 9 9 2 1 5 5 1 1 1 1 Milton 1 7 7 5 5 5 4 1 2 1 New-Durham New-Hampton 3 12 12 2 2 8 4 2 2 3 Ossipee 2 17 11 2 8 7 7 1 1 3 Rochester 3 16 14 2 10 5 5 2 3 2 Sanbornton 3 19 18 3 8 15 24 5 8 10 10 Sandwich 3 11 10 1 3 6 6 3 3 3 3 Somersworth 1 6 6 1 2 3 3 Strafiford 1 14 12 1 4 5 4 Tamworth 1 11 9 3 4 5 5 2 1 2 2 Tuftonborough 1 7 6 3 5 4 5 2 2 1 Wakefield 2 10 9 2 10 7 10 2 4 5 Wolf borough 1 9 8 2 4 4 3 1 1 1 2 32 Towns, |5'o 1 321 1 282 1 67 j 174 1 let )| 170|48|53|57j65| There are in this county 7 woollen and 8 cotton factories. Two oi* three of the latter are not constantly in operation. Those at Dover, however, are extensive and profitable. There are 8 oil mills, 4 distiller- ies, and a paper-mill, the latter at Gilford. There is one printing office, at Dover. The academies at Gilmanton, Effingham, Sanbornton and New-Hampton are incorporated and respectable institutions. There is also an academy at Dover and at Gilford. The first settlement in any part of the State.was made at Dover by Edward and William Hilton, from London, in 1623. During the same year, a settlement commenced at Portsmouth. See Gen. View, p. 47. The county of Strafford was 54 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. constituted March 19, 1771. The counties being named after the friends of Gov. Wentworth, Strafford was probably named in honor of Wil- liam Wentworth, the Earl of Strafford. The population in 1775, was 12,513; in 1790, 23,742; in 1800, 32,614 ; in 1810, 41,595 ; and in 1820, 51,117. Population to a square mile, 37.9, HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. Hillsborough county is situated between 42° 4V and 43° 32' N. lati- tude. Its greatest length is 52 miles ; its greatest breadth, from the E. line of Manchester to the W. line of Hancock, is 32 miles ; and its least breadth, from the W. line of New-London to Pemigewasset river, is about 15 miles. It contains 1345 square miles, or 796,800 acres. It has Grafton county on the N., Rockingham on the E., the state of Massachu- setts on the S., and Cheshire county on the W. The surface of this coun- ty is generally uneven, though there are but few lofty mountains. The Kearsarge and Ragged mountains in the N. part are the highest eleva- tions, and from their summits, there is an extensive prospect. Lyndebo- rough mountain in the township of Lyndeborough, Sunapee mountain in Fishersfield, the Unconoonock in Goflfstown, Crotched in Francestown and Society-Land, are of considerable altitude. These will be noticed under the towns in which they are situated. This section of New-Hamp- shire is well watered. The noble and majestic Merrimack has a course of more than 20 miles in this county. In Boscawen, it receives the Con- toocook, a river of considerable length and importance, watering sever- al towns in the west part of the county. At Dunstable, the Nashua, a beautiful stream from Massachusetts, discharges its waters into the Merri- mack. Between the mouths of these rivers, the Souhegan and Piscata- quog, streams of much value and consequence to the manufacturing in- terests, discharge themselves into the Merrimack ; the former in the township of Merrimack ; the latter in Bedford. Part of two large col- lections of water denominated lakes are situated in this county. The southern part of lake Sunapee is in the N. W. part of the township of Fishersfield ; and the W. part of lake Massabesick is on the E. bounda. ry of Manchester. Besides these, there are numerous ponds interspers- ed through the whole extent of territory. Some of the largest of these are Chance pond in Andover, Pleasant pond in New-London, Todd's pond in Fishersfield, Gregg's pond in Antrim, Pleasant pond in Frances- town, Babboosuck pond in Amherst, and Potanipo in Brookline. There NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. are several mineral springs which have been found serviceable in cuta- neous affections, but no one has yet acquired general celebrity. Min- erals have been found in various places, but not in great abundance. The manufactures in this county in 1810, were as follows, viz. 56 tan- neries, at which 6150 hides and 12,000 skins were tanned ; 2 distilleries, producing 5000 gallons of spirit 5 1 paper-mill, making ^12,000 worth of paper ; 38 fulling mills, fulling 126,500 yds. of cloth, and dressing 90,000 yds. of thin cloths ; 10 shearing machines ; 35 carding machines, card- ing 158,000 lbs. of wool ; 2 oil mills, producing 6000 g.allons of oil ; 5 nail cutting machines, making 10 tons of nails ; 6 trip-hammers ; 16 hatters, making 4000 fur and 6000 wool hats ; 5490 looms, weaving 1,- 158,160 yds. of cloth. All these were produced annually. — This coun- ty possesses many advantages for manufacturing establishments, and it is gratifying to find that many of its citizens are turning their atten- tion to this branch of national and individual wealth. STATISTICAL TABLE. Towns. 5' as t 1 0' I 1 1 5 5' S f o" 3. cr 5' re 3 F 1 Amherst "T 12 9 4 4 4 3 ~T ~r ~T Andover 2 15 12 3 4 5 3 2 2 1 3 Antrim 1 10 8 2 2 7 6 2 2 2 3 Bedford 2 10 10 3 7 8 6 1 1 2 Boscawen 2 15 15 9 6 17 5 4 5 5 Bradford 1 7 7 1 4 3 3 1 1 2 1 Brookline 1 3 3 2 3 6 4 1 1 1 Deering 1 10 10 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 Dunbarton 1 8 7 4 5 6 2 1 1 Dunstable 1 9 9 6 5 3 3 1 1 2 3 Fishersfield 1 8 7 1 2 3 2 1 France stovvn 1 10 9 3 6 6 5 2 2 4 Goffstown 2 11 11 4 6 17 8 3 2 2 Greenfield 1 9 9 1 2 3 1 1 2 Hancock 1 9 8 2 3 6 6 1 1 2 Henniker 3 10 10 3 5 7 6 2 4 3 3 Hillsborough 1 13 13 6 7 8 5 3 3 3 6 Hollis 1 13 12 2 4 6 5 1 1 1 Hooksett 5 5 5 4 Hopkinton 3 17 16 3 7 5 5 2 2 6 6 Lyndeborough 1 10 9 2 2 4 3 1 2 NEW -HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 1 05^ 1 CA2 1 f o s. O 9 5, TO ^ Towjvs. t i' n s ^ 5 g i i. 1 3 1 Litchfield "l 3 3 1 4 2 1 Manchester 1 7 4 2 2 7 4 1 Mason 1 10 10 1 3 5 4 1 o 1 Menimack 1 9 9 5 5 8 5 2 2 2 Milford 2 7 7 3 12 4 2 2 1 Mont-Vernon 1 4 4 1 3 2 1 1 New-Boston 2 16 14 1 3 25 6 2 2 1 2 New-Ipswich 2 9 9 3 4 4 3 3 1 1 New-London 1 8. 8 3 4 3 2 2 2 Nottingham- West 2 10 10 1 3 4 4 2 1 Fsterborough 2 6 6 1 6 4 3 2 1 1 1 Salisbury 3 13 13 3 8 10 5 3 3 2 6 Sharon 3 2 1 2 1 Society-Land 1 3 1 Sutton 2 10 9 2 8 3 3 1 3 3 Temple 1 6 6 2 4 4 1 1 1 Warner 2 17 15 2 4 6 4 2 2 2 2 Weare 4 24 23 9 11 9 3 3 1 8 Wilmot 1 8 7 1 1 5 3 Wilton 2 9 9 1 1 5 5 2 2 2 o Windsor 3 2 1 2 1 1 42 Towns, | 60 399 |370 | 92 1 149 256 157 58_ 56 35|851 Besides the preceding mills, factories, &c. there are 2 paper mills, one at Warner, the other at Peterborough ; 11 cotton factories, 7 woollen factoiries ; 10 trip-hammers ; a number of distilleries and oil mills ; a starch manufactqry, which manufactures between 4000 and 5000 bushels of potatoes into the useful article of starch. — There is one printing es- tablishment at Amherst, which issues weekly more than 1000 papers. There are five incorporated academies in this county, three of which are in operation. That at New-tpswich is highly respectable, and has funds. Those at Francestown and Hillsborough have been in operation but a short time. Hillsborough has 42 townships, 34 post-offices, sends 44 members to the General Court. The Superior Court and Court of Ses- sions are holden alternately at Amherst and Hopkinton. The first per- manent settlement of this county was made at Dunstable, then consider- ed as belonging to Massachusetts, a few years before the war with King Philip in 1675. It was constituted a county by an act of the General As- NEVV-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. senibly of the province, on the 19th of March, 1771. Its name is supposed ro be derived from Wills Hills, the Earl of Hillsborough, who was one of the privy council of George III., and whose residence was at Hills- borough, in the county of Down in Ireland. The population in 1775, was 15,986; in 1790, 32,871 ; in 1800, 43,899; in 1810, 49,249, and in 1820, 53,884. The population to a square mile is 43.2. The number of persons engaged in agriculture, 13,197 ; in commerce, 238 ; and in manufactures, 2,400. CHESHIRE COUNTY. Cheshire, the western county in this state, extends from lat. 42'^ 43' to 43° 36' N. Its length is 54 miles •, its greatest breadth 26 miles ; and its least breadth 15. It is bounded N. by the county of Grafton, E. by Hillsborough, S. by the state of Massachusetts and W. by Vermont. It contains 802,638 acres, or a little more than 1254 square miles. Through- out the whole extent on the west, this county is watered by the Connec- ticut, the western bank of which forms the boundary between New- HauDpshire and Vermont. Ashuelot and Sugar rivers are considerable streams, and are tributary to Connecticut river. The former has its source from a pond in Washington, and after receiving two branches in Keene and Swanzey, and several smaller streams in Winchester, emp- ties into Connecticut river at Hinsdale. Sugar river issues from the west side of Lake Sunapee ; passes through Newport and Claremont, where it unites with the Connecticut. Lake Sunapee and SpafFord's Lake are considerable collections of water. The former is in the N. E. part of the county, lying principally in Wendell. Spafford's Lake, of about eight miles in circumference, is situated in Chesterfield. There is a pleasant island in this lake containing about eight acres. The Grand Monadnock in Dublin and JafFrey is the highest mountain, its al- titude having been repeatedly found to be more than 3000 feet above the level of the sea. Croydon mountains in the townships of Croydon and Grantham, are the next most considerable elevations. Bellows Falls in Connecticut river, in Walpole, have been regarded as one of the great- est natural curiosities in this county. A variety of soil is found in this county. Much of it is very good, and particularly the intervals on Connecticut river. In nineteen towns, containing 371,243 acres and 22, 958 inhabitants, the agricultural prod- ucts in 1820, were 406,900 lbs. of butter, 660, 500 lbs, of cheese, 1,480,- F2 58 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 500 lbs. of beef, 1,761,500 lbs. of pork, 110,200 lbs. of flax, 10,333 barrels of cider, and 27 tons of pearl ashes STATISTICAL TABLE 1 r < en o i 3 f7= O 5 5" 1 as a. a' 3 TOT^IfS. ^ ^ ™ • 3 5 3^ 3 i' r 1' o 7" 1" 2^ 3 P^ l^ = o' i 1 1 '.•^ o 5' ""2 Acworth "2 12 12 3 5 1 ~2 "T Alstead 3 14 14 2 3 5 3 1 2 2 Charlestown 2 11 11 6 6 6 3 1 1 4 Chesterfield 1 14 13 4 5 9 3 3 2 1 3 Claremont 3 15 14 7 7 6 4 4 3 2 4 Cornish 3 12 12 2 3 10 5 3 3 Croydon 1 8 7 1 3 2 2 2 2 Dublin 2 10 10 1 3 8 7 2 1 1 Fitzwilliam 1 12 12 2 2 4 2 1 1 1 Gilsum 1 5 5 1 2 2 1 Goshen 1 3 3 2 1 4 1 1 1 Grantham 12 12 1 3 2 1 Hinsdale 2 6 6 4 1 4 1 1 2 Jafifrey 1 12 12 2 4 3 3 2 2 2 Keene 2 12 12 6 8 9 4 2 1 Langdon 1 7 6 1 2 » 1 1 Lempster 1 7 7 3 2 5 3 1 1 1 Marlborough 1 6 5 3 3 4 2 3 2 2 Marlow 1 6 6 2 3 4 3 1 1 2 Nelson 1 8 8 1 3 4 2 Newport 3 14 14 4 4 9 3 3 2 2 Plainfield 2 12 12 5 5 3 2 3 3 3 3 Richmond 2 12 12 2 3 4 5 1 2 1 3 Rindge 1 12 12 3 3 2 2 1 3 Roxbury 1 3 3 2 1 Springfield 1 13 11 1 3 5 3 1 1 1 Stoddard 1 8 8 1 2 3 3 1 Surry 1 4 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 Sullivan 1 6 6 1 1 2 2 Swanzey 2 13 13 2 3 9 4 3 3 1 Troy 1 7 6 1 1 3 2 1 1 Unity 3 12 10 2 5 3 2 1 1 1 Walpole 1 13 12 6 6 3 4 3 3 2 3 Washington 1 8 7 2 3 6 4 1 2 1 Wendell 7 5 1 1 1 4 3 2 2 Westmoreland 3 12 13 3 6 6 q 1 1 2 Winchester 2 15 13 5 5 10 ^ i|.| ' i 37 Towns, 56|363 |347 1 90 |104 |179 jl08 |61|46|24 m NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 59 There are, besides the preceding, 5 cotton factories, several woollen factories, 5 oil mills, 1 paper mill, several distilleries and furnaces, and 20 trip-hammers. There is one printing press at Keene, which issues a weekly paper, and has in connection with it a large bookselling establish- ment. There are five incorporated academies, of which Union Acade- my at Plainfield, has funds to the amount of 40,000 dollars. Several of them are in a flourishing condition. The number of persons engaged ia agriculture in 1820, was 7,968; in commerce, 82; in manufactures, 1,620. Cheshire has 31 towns, 29 post-offices, sends 38 members to the General Court. The Superior Court and Court of Sessions are holden alternately at Keene and Charlestown. The earliest settlement in this county was made about the year 1682 at Hinsdale, then a part of North- field, and under the government of Massachusetts. The county was for- med March 19, 1771, and it probably received its name from Cheshire, one of the western counties in England. Population in 1775, 10,252; in 1790, 28,772; in 1800, 38,825 ; in 1810,40,988, and in 1820, 45,376. Population to the square mile, 36.2. GRAFTON COUNTY. Grafton county extends from lat. 43'^ 27' to 44° 22' N. It is 58 miles in length, and its greatest breadth is 30 miles. It contains 828,623 acres, besides a large tract of ujagranled land. It is bounded N. by the county of Coos, E. by Strafford, S. by Hillsborough and W. by the state of Vermont, Grafton is watered by Connecticut river, on which are several pleasant and flourishing towns ; by Pemigewasset, Lower Amonoosuck rivers, and by many smaller streams which will be here- after noticed. Squam and Nfevvfound lakes are the largest collections of water. The former, of which a considerable part lies in Strafford county, has been much celebrated for its picturesque beauties. Its nu- merous angular projections, the variety of its islands covered with wood, and the vicinity of lofty mountains, render i>t an object peculiar- ly interesting. There are numerous elevations which come under the name of mountains. Those of the most importance are Gardner's in Lyman, Peaked in Bethlehem, Moosehiilock in Coventry, Cushman's and the Blue mount in Peeling, Carr's in Warren and Ellsworth, Moose in Hanover, Cardigan in Orange, and some others which will be described under the respective towns. The soil of this county is very much diversified. A large portion of it is mountainous and hilly, but this circumstance does not prevent its 60 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. productiveness. It presents fine tracts for pasturage, a large proportion of arable land, and on the rivers, extensive and fertile intervals. STATISTICAL TABLE. § O '^ ^ c« C/2 S3 Q 91? ^ Towxs. 1 § § o 3. p. 5' 3 5 2. 5 n' D- o F" ~ s vi" O c - en o S ^ o' ffi ET ST I Alexandria 1 7 6 ~ r 1 4 2,f ~T 1 Bath 1 11 10 2 7 7 3 2 3 1 2 Bethlehem 2 5 4 2 2 1 1 1 Bridgewater 2 9 7 6 2 1 1 1 Bristol 1 8 7 1 2 3 2 1 1 1 4 Campton 1 10 9 1 5 3 2 1 1 1 Canaan 1 14 12 4 2 6 4 2 2 2 Concord 2 8 7 3 2 5 2 1 1 1 1 Coventry 3 3 1 1 Danbury 7 4 2 2 2 1 Dorchester 1 8 6 2 1 4 2 1 1 Ellsworth 2 2 1 1 Enfield 2 12 12 2 5 7 4 2 2 4 4 Franconia 3 3 3 1 2 1 Grafton 2 10 7 4 1 5 7 1 1 1 1 Groton 1 9 6 2 1 4 3 1 1 1 1 Hanover 3 12 12 4 7 5 1 2 1 3 Haverhill 2 9 9 5 9 12 4 1 1 2 1 Hebron 1 7 7 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 Holderness 2 12 6 1 5 3 1 2 1 2 Landaff 1 6 6 1 2 3 1 Lebanon 1 16 16 9 6 ' 7 4 6 6 1 3 Lime 2 14 12 9 4 11 4 3 2 2 Lincoln Littleton 1 11 8 4 2 4 2 2 2 1 Lyman 3 7 7 1 1 5 3 1 1 2 New Chester 2 14 10 2 3 5 2 2 1 1 Orange 3 2 1 Orford 3 12 10 3 3 7 2 2 2 2 2 Peeling 3 3 2 2 3 1 1 Piermont 1 8 8 2 2 3 3 1 Plymouth 1 9 8 1 5 5 2 1 3 Rumney 1 11 7 5 5 5 2 3 Thornton 2 10 8 3 1 3 3 1 1 2 Warren 1 7 7 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 WentV'orth 1 6 6 2 4 6 4 3 3 1 1 j 36 Towns, 45 306 257 87 Ts" 154 86 1 a 4r[28| 43 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 61 There are in this county 2 cotton factories, 2 paper mills, 3 oil mills, 2 distilleries and six trip-hammers. There are two printing establish- ments, one at Haverhill, the other at Enfield. From the former issues a weekly paper ; from the other a religious magazine, devoted to the dissemination of Freewill Baptist sentiments. In this county, are two incorporated academies. Holmes Plymouth Academy and Haverhill Academy. It contains 36 townships, 26 post-offices, sends 30 represen- tatives, and with the county of Coos, two senators to the General Court. The number of persons engaged in agriculture in 1820, was 8,653 ; in manufactures, 1,097 i and in commerce, 118. The number of rateable polls that year was 5764 ; the valuation $126 11. The sessions of the Superior Court and of the Court of Sessions 'are held alternately at Haverhill and Plymouth. The first settlement in this county was made at Lebanon, and this was the first settlement on Connecticut river north of Charlestown. It was constituted a county, March 19, 1771, and re- ceived its name in honor of Augustus Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Grafton. Population in 1775, 3597 ; in 1790, 12,449 ; in 1300, 20,171 ; in 1810, !28,462 ; and in 1820, 32,989. Population to a square mile, 25.7. COOS COUNTY. Coos is the largest county in the state, and within its limits are situ- ated the greater part of the ungranted lands — most of which, being very mountainous, cannot be cultivated, and will probably never be settled. This county extends from latitude 43° 58' to the extreme north part of the state— being 76 miles in length, and having a mean width of about 20 miles. The area of this county is estimated to contain IGOO square miles, or, in round numbers, 1,000,000 of acres. It is bounded N. by Lower Canada, E. by Maine, S. by the county of Strafford, W. by Grafton county and the state of Vermont. Besides the stupendous pile of the White Mountains, which distinguishes this county, there are several other mountains of no incoiisiderable height. Those in Shel- burne, Adams and Chatham, on the east of the White Mountains, are bold and abrupt. The Peaks and Bowback mountains in Stratford ; the elevations in Disville, Columbia and Kilkenny •, Pilot and Mill mountains in Piercy •, Cape Horn in Northumberland, and Pcndcherr;% S. W. of Jefferson, are all of considerable magnitude, and partake of the grandeur of the White Hills. A particular account of these won- ders of nature will be given under their appropriate heads. In the €2 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. neighborhood of high mountains are generally found the sources of our greater rivers. Three of the principal rivers of New-England, the Connecticut, Ameriscoggin and Saco, take their rise in this county. There are numerous other streams which become tributary to these riv- ers, the principal of which are the Mohawk, Amonoosuck, Israel's and John's rivers. The Margallaway, after receiving the waters of Dead and Diamond rivers, unites with the Ameriscoggin, near Umbagog lake. This lake lies principally in Maine. Lake Connecticut is situated N. of the 450 of latitude, and is a source of the Connecticut river. The largest pond in this county lies N. of Lake Connecticut, and is con- nected with it by an outlet. There are several small ponds, which will be noticed under the towns where they are situated. A great portion of this county yet lies uncultivated, and large tracts will probably never be settled. If the husbandman cannot behold wide-spreading cultivated hills and extensive plains — the lover of nature may here behold her seated in gorgeous splendor and beauty. There are, however, exten- sive tracts of fine interval and upland, and the soil in the vale of the Connecticut is very rich and fruitful. Persons engaged in agriculture in 1820, 1,760 ; manufactures, 71 ; commerce, 12. STATISTICAL TABLE. Towns. CO 1 1 i i 1 Q i 5 s. 5' CfP n Q. 5' 5 s s c c ?^ |;g v^ CO ft en c« 2". Adams ~T ~6~ 5 1 2 Bartlett 4 4 2' 2 3 1 Bretton- Woods Cambridge Chatham 1 3 3 1 3 1 1 Columbia 6 2 1 2 2 1 Colebrook 6 2 1 2 4 2 1 1 2 College Grant Dixville Diimmer Dahon 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 Durand * Erroll Hale's Location Hart's Location JeiFerson 2 2 1 1 Kilkenny NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 63 Towns. 1 in i % 1 o 1" B. 1 1 o 2i c S" ET 5 5" s^ i m rt 5' . Lancaster 1 8 4 1 4 2 4 9 3 Maynesborough Millsfield Northumberland 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 Nash & Sawyer's Loc. Paulsburgh Public Lands Piercy 1 1' Stratford 1 5 5 2 Shelburne 2 1 Stewartstown 5 4 Success Warner's Patent Whitefield 3 3 2 1 Winslow's Location 1 1 1 25 Towns, ± 47 34 11 ^0 21 20 6| 7| 1 3j There is a woollen factory at Colebrook, 2 distilleries at Adams and 2 at Colebrook. Lancaster is the principal town in the county, and there the courts are holden. The first settlement was made in 1763 at Lancaster. The county was formed by an act of the legislature Dec. 24, 1803. Coos* is the Indian name applied to the Connecticut in the vicinity of Lancaster, and was adopted as the name of the county. The population in 1775, was 227 ; in 1790,882; in 1800,2658; in 1810, 3991 ; and in 1820, 5,549. Population to a square mile, 3.4. •This wovd signifies crooked, and was pronounced by the Indians as if con= taining but one syllable. 64 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. Counties. Rocl iron (.re is also somewhat abundant, and was formerly wrought here. There is, about two miles from the centre of the town, a remarkable cavern or fissure in a rock, commonly cal- led the DeoiVs den. The entrance is on the side of a hill, and is suffi- ciently large to admit a person in a stooping posture. Having entered 5 feet in a horizontal direction, there is a descent of 4 or 5 feet, on an angle of 45°, large enough onljr to admit the body of a middling siz- ed man. After squeezing through this passage, you enter a chamber 60 feet in length, from 10 to 15 in height, and from 3 to 8 in width. — Commi^nicating with this, are sev- eral other fissures of equal height, and from 10 to 15 in length, which, wanting sufficient width, remain unexplored. In religious sentiment the inhabitants of this town are principally congregationalists and baptists. Over the congregational church, which was formed soon af- ter the settlement of the town, Rev. Joseph Prince was settled in 1755; dismissed in 1768. Rev. David Tenney was settled in 1771 ; dis- missed 1778, and soon after died. Rev. Benjamin Balch was settled in 1784, and died in 1815. The church is now vacant. Barrington was incorporated May 10, 1722, and the settlement commenced in 1732. The town is healthy — of the first settlers, fourteen, who were between 80 and 90 years of age, were alive in 1815. Barrington was originally 13 miles in length, 6 1-2 in breadth and in 1810 contained 3564 inhabi- tants ; but in 1820 the town was di- vided, and the western section ia- NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 77 corporatec] into a new town of the name of Strafford — thus reducing the territory and population more than one half. Present pop. 1610. Barroiv's Island. See Pler- mont. Bartlett, post-town, Coos tounty, is in lat. 44° 4', 45 miles from Lancaster, 75 from Concord, and 85 from Portsmouth. It lies at the foot of the White Moun- tains, with Adams on the N., Chat- ham on the E., Conway and the public lands on the S. and W. It has an area of about 13,000 acres. Its soil is various, and on the Saco, in some parts, good. Tins river meanders through the centre of the town, which is also watered by other streams. Bartlett was in- corporated June 16, 1790; and re- ceived its name in honor of Gov. Bartlett. Pop. 511. Bath, a post-township in Graf- ton county, on Connecticut river, in lat. 44° 10', is bounded N. by Lyman, E. by Landaff, S. by Ha- verhill, and W. by Ryegate, Vt., containing 22,827 acres. It is 42 miles N. E. of Dartmouth College, 82 N. N. W. of Concord and 148 from Boston. Bath is pleasantly situated in the vale of the Connec- ticut, between the Green moun- tains on the W., and the White Mountains on the E., by wliich it is effectually shielded from high winds and long storms. The Amonoo- suck river waters the S. E. part, affording many fine mill seats and water privileges. It falls into Con- necticut river at the S. W. angle of the town. It receives in its course, about 4 miles from its mouth, the Wild Amonoosuck river, which rushes down the lofty Moosehil- lock. The head of boat naviga- tion on Connecticut river is in Bath. It is interrupted by a very iBiajestic fall of water, at which a H dam is erected and several mills built. The Amonoosuck has a very convenient fall at the village, calculated to accommodate ma- chinery to any extent. At the principal village, there is a consid- erable bridge over the Amonoosuck, of 350 feet in length — built in 1807. There is a ferry across the river at the falls. Perch pond, having a surface of about 100 acres, is situated in the S. part of the town. At the S. W. corner of Bath, Gardner's mountain rises by a very bold ascent from the conflu- ence of Connecticut and Amonoo- suck rivers, and runs a N. course through the whole town, separating the inhabitants, who have no com- munication but by one pass in the mountain. Its height is generally about 500 feet. On this mountain, are various appearances of iron and silver ore. Strata of rock have been opened near the lower village, the most of which will dis- solve on being immersed in warm water. Alum and copperas have been made from this rock. The rocks here are principally granite, slate and flint. The soil on the hills is generally a reddish loam, on abed of marl or hard pan. In the valleys, it is alluvial. In some parts, are clayey soils ; in others, sandy. There are but few swamps. About one sixth part of the whole town is interval land. The native forests, in the valleys and on the flats, are white pine, hemlock, spruce, elm, and some cedar ; on the hills, maple, beech, birch, oak and mountain ash. Much improve- ment has l>een made in the agricul- ture of this place. Gypsum has been found highly useful on all the soils, except cold and wet land. The surplus produce is carried to Boston, Salem and Portland. In 1811, the spotted fever visited thii u NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. place, but did not prove very fatal. Tiie annual average number of deaths is about 20. There is aso- cial library, containing upwards of 200 volumes. The original charter of Bath was granted Sfept. 10, 1761, to Rev. Andrew Gardner and 61 others. In March, 1769, it was re-chartered to John Sawyer and others, on the assumption of the forfeiture of the first charter. The first settlement was made in 1765, by John Herriman from Haverhill, Ms. In 1766 and '67, Moses Pike and the family of Mr. Sawyer com- menced settlements. A presbyte- rian church was formed in 1778, which was dissolved in 1791, and a congregational church organized, embracing 19 members. Rev. Da- vid Sutherland, a native of Edin- burg, was installed Oct. 24, 1805. In 1811, a revival of religion oc- curred, which added to the church | 77 members ; and in 1820 and '21, a further addition of 101 members was made to the church. There are some baptists and methodists in this town. Pop. 1498. Bean Hill. See JVorthJidd. Be ARC AMP, a river, which is formed of several brahches rising on the south sides of Sandwich and Burton mountains. The two principal branches unite in Ossi- pee, and fall into the Ossipee lake on its western border. Beaver Brook, the name of several streams in this state. The largest has its source in a small pond in Unity, and running W. falls into the Connecticut in Charlestown. One other rises in Mont-Vernon, and falls into the Souhegan ; and another passes from Stewartstown through Cole brook. Beaver. River, has its princi pal source in Beaver pond, a beau t).[\{\ body of water, in London- derry. It passes S. through Pel- ham, and falls into the Merrimack in Dracut, nearly opposite the mouth of Coucord river, in Mass. Bedford, a post-township in Hillsborough county, is situated on Merrimack river, in lat. 42° 53'. It is bounded N. by Goffstown, E. by Merrimack river, which divides it from Manchester and the N. part of Litchfield, S. by the township of Merrimack, and W. by Amherst and New-Boston, containing 20,- 660 acres. It is 8 miles from Am- herst, 21 frasm Concord and 52 from Boston. Merrimack and Piscata- quog are the only rivers in this town. The latter passes through its N. E. corner, where there is a pleasant and flourishing village, which will be noticed under Pis- cataquog Village. In the W. part of this town, the land is une- ven and abounds with stones, but the qualities of the soil are warm and moist. The E. par't, border- ing on the Merrimack, is pine plain, with some very productive intervals. The principal forest trees are white, red, and black oak, walnut, chesnut, maple, birch, pine, hemlock, &c. Of the white oak, great quantities of ship timber have been obtained, and conveyed to Charlestown, Ms. by means of the river and Middlesex canal. Great attention is paid to the cultivation of hops ; and there are raised in some years, 100,000 lb?. The ag- ricultural and general condition of this town has of late become flour- ishing. Linen and woollen are the principal manufactures, of which there have been made cloths of a quality equal to foreign im- portations. On the W. line of Bedford, are a remarkable gulf and precipice, which are regarded as objects of curiosity. A consider- able brook passes over the preci- NEWHAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 73 pice, and falls about 200 feet with- in the distance of 100 yards. Here are found several excavations in solid stone, which are sufiiciently large to contain many persons. Sibbins' pond is in the E. part of the town. Strictly speaking, there are three ponds, wliich appear to be united by their waters beneath the surface of an extensive bog, which floats upon the surface and rises and falls with the water. These ponds, taken together, are about 80 rods in diameter, and abound with most kinds of fresh water fish. There is in BedforJ, a social library incorporated in 1802. Those who have recei- ved a collegiate education from this town, are, at Dartmouih Col- lege, Joseph Goffe, 1791 ; John Vose, 1795; Benj. Orr, 1798; Jo- seph Bell, 1807; John Walker 1808 ; William Gordon, 1811 ; William Orr, 1815 ; Adam Gordon, 1817; John Aiken, 1819; Thorn ton McGaw, 1820 ; Adams Moore 1822 : at Yale College, Isaac Orr 1818; Robert Riddle, 1818; Free- man Riddle, 1819; Robert Orr, 1820 : at Middlebury College, Isaac O. Barnes, 1820. In miner- alogy, this fown affords a great va- riety of specimens. Iron ore is found in different places and in sev- eral varieties. Sulphuret of iron, imbedded in common granite, and led oxide of iron combined with al- luviine, are common. Black lead, (graphite) pyritous copper, schorl, hornblende, epidote, talc, rnica, black, yellow and green, gneiss,crys- tallized quartz, &;c. are found here. Fifty years since, iron was manu- factured inconsiderable quantities at the m.outh of Crosby brook. Witliin a few years, iron ore in large quantities has been transport- ed to Billerica and other foiges out of town. Bedford was one of the Narraganset townships granted by Massachusetts in 1733, to the sur- viving officers and soldiers, and the heirs of those deceased, who were engaged in King Philip's war in 1676. The number of grantees was 120, all of whom except one belonged to Massachusetts. It was first called JVarraganset JVo. 5, or Souhegan East. The first settle- ment commenced in the winter of 1737, by Robert and James Walker, vi^ho, the ensuing year, were follow- ed by Col. John Goffe, Matthew Patten, Esq. and Capt. Sanmel Pat- ten. Several of the early settlers emigrated from the north of Ire- land. The first child born in town was Silas Barron, son of Capt. Mo- ses Barron — he was born Jan. 16, 1741. The town was incorporated by charier from Gov. Wentworth, May 19, 1750. Bedford was the residence of many Indians in for- mer times. In 1745, as James McQuade and Robert Burns, who had been to Penacook to purchase corn for their families, were re- turning home, they killed McQuade in Pembroke; but Burns escaped by running in a zig-zag direction, by which means, he baffled the fire of the pursuers, and returned in safety to his family. ' On the bank of Merrimack river,opposite Goffe's falls, is a spot of ground, about ten rods long and four wide, which is supposed to have been an Indian burial place. The surface of the bank is about 40 feet above the riv- er. Human bones at various times have been washed from the bank. In the summer of 1821, Drs. Wood- bury and Riddle obtained a part of three skeletons from this place. Some of the bark in which they had been deposited remained. One of them appeared to have been put in the ground in a sitting posture. All of their heads lay towards ijje to NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. south. One was supposed to be a female. The hair was entire, and was done up in a bunch on the back part of the head in a manner similar to that practised at the pres- ent day. A presbyterian church was formed in 1757. Rev. John Houston was ,ordained about the same time, and remained the min- ister till 1778. From this period the church was vacant, but enjoy- ed occasional preaching, till Sept. 5, 1804, when jRet). David McGreg- ore, who graduated at Dartmouth College in 1799, was ordained. Hon, Matthew Pattei?, a gen- tleman of very respectable charac- ter, the second judge of probate in Hillsborough county, and one of the first settlers, died in this town. Hon. John Orr, who died in Jan. 1823, at the age of 75, was a distin- guished citizen of this town. He was in the battle of Bennington under Gen. Stark, and received a wound in the early part of the en- gagement. Pop. 1375. Bellamy Bank, a river, one branch of which issues from Ches- ley's pond in Barrington, and the other from low and marshy lands in the vicinity ; these unite in Mad- bury, and after rfieandering through the town, the waters fall into the Pascataqua, on the W. side of Do- yet Neck, where the stream is cal- led Back river. Bellows Falls, a remarkable fall, in Connecticut river, in the township of Walpiole, and former- ly known by the name of the Great fall. The breadth of the river, above the fall, is 22 rods ; in some places not more than 16. A large rock divides the stream into two channels, each about 90 feet wide, on the top of the shelving bank. When the water is low, the east- ern channel appears crossed by a barof s»lid rock, and the whole stream falls into the western chan- nel, where it is contracted to the breadth of 16 feet, and flows with astonishing rapidity. There are several pitches, one above another, in the length of half a mile, the largest of which is that where the rock divides the stream. Notwith- standing the velocity of the cur- rent, the salmon pass up this fall, and are taken many miles above ; but the shad proceed no farther. Over this fall, in the year 1785, a bridge of timber was constmcted by Col. Enoch Hale, Its length was 365 feet,and was supported in the middle by the great rock. In 1792, this was the only bridge across Con- necticut river, and now, in 1823, there are, in this state, sixteen bridges. In crossing the bridge from this town to Rockingham, Vt. the traveller has an interesting and sublime view of these falls. Bethlehem, township,in Graf- ton county, in lat. 44° 15', is boun- ded N. by Whitefield and Dalton, E. by Bretton-Woods and ungrant- ed land, S. by Franconia and Con- cord, and N. W. by Littleton, con- taining 28,603 acres. It is water- ed by Great Amonoosuck river, which takes its rise at the notch of the White Mountains, and runs in a W. and N. W. direction through nearly the centre of this town. A branch of the same river runs through the southerly part into Franconia. The mountains are called Round and Peaked. The soil produces good crops of grass and grain. There is plenty of pine timber and sugar maple. Iron ore, both of the mountain and bog kind, has been occasionally found. Two mineral springs have been discov- ered. Bethlehem was settled in 1790, by Jonas Warren, Benjamin Brown, James Turner, Thomas and NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 81 John Hatch, Nathan and Anios| Wheeler, Nathl. Snow and Lot| WoodburJ^ It was incorporated Dec. 27, 1799. A congregational church was formed Oct. 15, 1802; a baptist church in Sept. 1800 ; and a freewill baptist, June 26, 1813. The number of members in each of the baptist churches is 46 ; in the congregational, 23. Pop. 467. Bishop's Brook rises in the S. E. part of Stewartstown, and me- anders N. W. through the town in- to Connecticut river. BlackwAter river, so called from its dark, appearance, is formed by two small streams, one of which rises in Danbury, and the other issues from Pleasant pond in New- London. These branches unite soon after crossing the W. line of Andover, and form the Blackwater, which passes v^^ith considerable ra- pidity through the S. W. part of that town ; from thence through the W. part of the towns of Salis- bury and Boscawen into Hopkin- ton, where it empties into Contoo cook river. Blind Will's Neck, is £ point of land formed by the conflu ence of the Isinglass and Cocheco rivers, in the south part of Roch- ester. Blind Will was a sagamore of the Indians liviog about the Co checo. During the war with King Philip, the enemy having made their appearance in the vicinity he was sent out by Maj. Waldron with seven other Indians, to make discoveries. They were all sur- prised by a company of Mohawks — two or tliree escaped, and the others were killed or taken. Will was dragged away by his hair, and being wounded, perished on the neck, which has since borne his name. Bloody Point, on the New- ington side of the Pascataqua riv- H2 er, is so called from a quarrel which took place in 1631, between the agents of the two companies of proprietors about a point of land convenient for both ; and, there being at that time no government established, the controversy would have ended in blood, had the par- ties not been persuaded to refer the dispute to their employers. Blue Hills, the name gener- ally appropriated to tlie first range of mountains in the state, commen- cing in Nottingham and extending through Strafibrd, Farmington and Milton ; the several summits are distinguished by different names, as Teneriffe, Saddleback, Tuckaway, &c. See towns just mentioned. Boar's Head. .S'ee Hampton. Boscawen, a post-township in Hillsborough county, is situated between Concord and Salisbury, on the W. side of Merrimack river, in lat 43° 19'. It is 7 miles in length and about the same in breadth, and contains an area of 32,230 acres. It is bounded N. by Salisbury, E. by the Merrimack, which divides it from Northfield and Canterbury, S. by Concord and Hopkinton, and W. oy Warnei-. Boscawen is 8 miles from Concord, 52 from PortSiViOuth, 68 from Bos- ton, and 514 from Washington I City. Besides the Merrimack, the I west part of this town is watered by Blackwater river, running near- ly parallel with the former, through the whole extent of the tov.-n and about five miles distant from it. It is not a large stream, but very important, both on account of the fertile fields of champaign on its borders, and the numerous water privileges it affords. It empties itself into Contoocook river in Hopkinton. Over this river and the various other streams, this town supports more than two miles 82 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. of plank bridges, including their abutments. There are two ponds of some note. Great pond, near the centre of the town, is 1 mile in length, and 1 mile in width. Long pond, in the west part, is 2 miles long and from 1-2 to 3-4 of a mile wide. There are mill seats at the outlet of each. The soil seems to admit of three divisions, the interval, plain and highland. The intervals on the Merrimack are, in many places, widely ex- tended and were originally very fertile ; the plains border on the intervals and have a thinner soil ; the highland, which comprises a- bout five sevenths of the whole town, lies in large swells extending from north to south. The natural growth is virhite oak and other hard wood. It is of a deep, productive soil, affording many excellent farms delightfully situated. The surface of Boscawen, when viewed from its highest parts, appears un- commonly level. There are few spots where sto nes abound. There are no morasses nor stagnant wa- ters. From the numerous streams of living water, and from the pe- culiar direction of the swells of the hills, this town probably de- rives that pure air and uniform temperature which are so condu- cive to health. The number of deaths for the eleven years ending January 1, 1819, was 269. There are 15 school districts, which have on an average about 35 scholars to each, and 15 school-houses. For the attention paid to education in this place, much credit is due to the Rev. Dr. Wood, who has entered at the different colleges between 30 and 90 young gentle- men, of whom 31 have been enga- ged in the ministry. The Bos- cawen social library was founded m 1792 : incorporated Dec, 2. 1797, and contains 220 volumes. This town has a musical society, an auxiliary to the American ed- ucation society, one for the educa- tion of heathen youth, two feraak gleaning societies, a moral, an ag- ricultural, and two female cent so- cieties, which are annually exten- ding their aid to the objects which they respectively embrace. The- principal village is in the east sec- tion of the town. It has between 30 and 40 dwelling houses, situated on a spacious street nearly two miles in length, very straight and level. Here the eye of the obser- vant traveller is attracted and de- lighted by the fertile intervals and windings of the river Merrimack. There is another village forming on a pleasant eminence near the west meeting-house. Boscawen was granted by Massachusetts in 1733, to 91 proprietors, who held their first meeting May 2, 1733, at Newbury. The proprietors gave to it the name of Contoocook, af- ter the Indian name of the river. It received its present name, when it was incorporated April 22, 1760, from Edward Boscawen, a cele- brated English admiral then on the American station. The first settlement commenced early in the season of 1734 by Nathaniel Danforth, Andrew Bohonnon, Mo- ses Burbank, Stephen Gerrish, and Edward Emery. Others soon fol- lowed to the number of 27 fami- lies. Abigail Danforth was the first child born in the town. These families were secured against the hostile encroachments of the In- dians by a log fort, 100 feet square and 10 feet high, built by the pro- prietors in 1739. In this fort the inhabitants lived in garrison more than twenty-two years. They had previously built a log house for relig- ious worship and their public meet- NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 83 ings. In 1746, the Indians made a predatory incursion on the in- habitants ; iiilled Thomas Cook, his son, and a man of color, and took Elisha Jones prisoner. In 1754, they killed Timothy Cook, and took Enos Bishop into captivi- ty to Canada, from whence he es- caped about a year afterward and returned home. Mr. Jones died in captivity. An island, at tht mouth of Contoocook river, be- tv/een this town and Concord was the scene of the well known ex- ploit of Mrs. Hannah DustoiM which may be described in this place. On the 15th of March, 1698, the Indians made a descent on Ha- verhill, Mass., vi'here they took Mrs. Duslon, who was confined to her bed with an infant only six days old, and attended by hei nurse, Mary Niff. The Indians took Mrs. Duston from her bed and carried her away with the nurse and infant. They soon despatch- ed the latter by dashing its head against a tree. When they had proceeded as far as this island, which has been justly called Dus- ton's island, on their way to an In- dian town situate a considerable distance above, the Indians inform- ed the womexi that they must be stripped and run the gauntlet thro' the village on their arrival. — Mrs. Duston and her nurse had been assigned to a family consist- ing of two stout men, three women and seven children, or young In dians, besides an English boy who had been taken from Worcester. Mrs. Duston, aware of the cruel- ties that awaited her, formed the design of exterminating the whole family, and prevailed upon the nurse and the boy to assist her in their destruction. A little before day, finding the whole company m a sound sleep, she aviroke her confedei"ates, and with the Indian hatchets despatched ten of the twelve. One of the women whom they thought they had killed made her escape, and a favorite boy they designedly left. Mrs. Duston and her companions arrived safe home with the scalps, though their dan- ger from the enemy and from fam- ine in travelling so far, must have been great. The general court of Massachusetts made her a grant of j£50 and she received many valua- ble presents. The time when the church was formed in this place has not been ascertained. The ministers who have successively presided over it have been as fol- lows : Rev. Phinehas Stevens, or- rlained October 8, 1740, and died Jan. 19, 1755. Rev. Robie Mor- rill, ordained Dec. 29, 1761; dis- missed Dec. 9, 1766 ; and died Sept. 23, 1813, aged 79. Rev. Nathaniel Merrill, ordained Oct, 19. 1768, and dismissed April 1, 1774. Rev. Samuel Wood, D. D. ordained Oct. 17, 1781. The se- cond congregational church was formed Sept. 10, 1804, and Rev. Ebenezer Price was installed on the 26th of the same month. George Jackman, Esq. of this town is entitled to respectful notice. He was the first town clerk and continued in office 36 years. He was appointed a justice of the peace under George II. and con- tinued such under all the succes- sive changes of government to 1818 — he was a selectman 22 years, a representative to the general court, and a delegate to the state conven- tion. He is still living at an ad- vanced age. Bow, a township in Rockingham county, lat. 43° 8', was granted May 20, 1727, to Jonathan Wig- gin and others, and was originally laid out nine miles square, coaa- 84 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. prehending a great portion of the territory now constituting Pem- broke and Concord ; but at present it contains about 16,000 acres, bounded N. E. by Merrimack riv- er which divides it from Pembroke, S. E. by Hooksett, S. W. by Dun barton, N. W. by Concord, and a part of Hopkinton. The soil is very uneven and hard, but produc- tive when well managed. There is but one pond of any size, called Turee pond. Turkey river emp- ties into the Merrimack at Turkey fells, near the N. E. part of Bow. About a mile below are Garven's falls, now passable by locks on Bow side. Bow canal is situated on the Merrimack 3 miles below Concord ; the perpendicular meas- urement around which it is carried is 25 feet — its length 1-3 of a mile. It passes through a ledge of gran- ite, and is for the most part im- perishable. Its cost was ^13,860 ; and about ^2000 of its first income were appropriated towards clearing channels through Turkey falls, &:c. The Londonderry turnpike passes through the E. part of this town ; and the Londonderry Branch turn- pike, through the centre of the town from Hooksett to Hopkinton. The baptist church in Bow was first organized in 1795 ; and Rev. Ben- jamin Sargent was ordained in 1797 over the church and society, where he continued till 1801, when he removed to Pittsfield, and has since died. Rev. Thomas Waterman ministered to the people from 1804 to 1807 ; during which period a new church had been formed of baptists and congregationalists, and subsequently dissolved, the two denominations forming distinct so- cieties. The latter is now very small. From 1807 to 1815, the baptist church was without any pastor. July 3, 1816, the baptist church was re-organized ; and on the 13th Feb. 1817, Rev. Hem-y Veaz&y was settled. — The church now consists of about 60 members. The meeting-house is situated on a commanding elevation, and is a handsome building. Bow is a very healthy town — the average number of deaths for ten years not exceed- ing 12. Pop. 935. The venera- ble Samtjel Welch, mentioned in page 12, among the instances of longevity in this state, was born at Kingston, N. H. September 1, 1710 i and is now (March, 1823) living in this town. His father was from Ipswich, Mass. ; his grandfather, one of the original emigrants from England to that place. This old man has outlived all his connex- ions — he has lived more than half the time since the landing of the pilgrims at Plymouth ! The early part of his life was spent at Kings- ton ; he subsequently lived at Pem- broke ; but for the last 50 years he has resided at Bow, in an obscure corner and steadily cultivated his little farm, till the frosts of a cen- tury had whitened his locks, and the chills of a hundred winters had benumbed his frame. His life has been marked by no extraordinary vicissitude — he was never in battle, or in any public service ; he has been a man of industry, temper- ance and health. In person, he is rather above the middle size — of Grecian features, with dark ex- pressive eyes ; and his locks are of a clayey ^^ hite, looking as if they had already mouldered in the grave. His face is fair, though wrinkled with the cares of a cen- tury and an eighth^ His frame is now feeble, and he is unable to walk. His mental faculties, how- ever, seem but little impaired, and he is an interesting person in con- versation. NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. BowBACK, a mountain. See Stratford. Bradford, a post-township in Hillsborough county, is situated about mid-way between the Mer- rimack and Connecticut rivers in lat. 43° 14'. It is bounded N. by Fisliersfield and Sutton, E. by AVarner, S. by Henniker and Hills- borougi), W. by Washington, con- taining nearly 19,000 acres, of which about 600 are of water. It is 31 miles from Amherst, 28 from Concord and 80 from Boston. This town is watered by small streams, whicli principally issue from ponds, of which the largest is Todd's pond, lying in Bradford and Fishersiield. Tiiis pond is suppli- ed with water from the hills and mountains in Fishersfield. In it are a number of floating islands, which are deemed objects of cu- riosity. Its outlet forms the north- ern branch of Warner river. — Pleasant, or Bradford pond, is on the E. side of the town. It is about 550 rods long and 150 wide. It communicates with Warner river by an cutlet at the N. end of it. In this pond are several isl- ands, whi-ch, with the rugged de- clivities on the E. bank, the waters below, and the cottages and culti- vated fields on the west bank, pre- sent to view, in the summer sea- son, a wild and variegated land- scape. Many parts of Bradford are hilly. A large proportion of the town, however, lies in a valley, about three miles in vidth. Near the Sunapee mountains, on the N. W., is an extensive plain more than a mile long, and about half a mile wide. The soil differs in quality. It is light, loamy or rough. In the easterly part are val- uable stone quarries. The num- ber of deaths from 1809 to 1817, iaclusive» was 146 ; the least an- nual number was 4 ; the greatest, 29. There is a number of socie- ties designed to aid in promoting charitable objects. There is also a respectable library. — Bradford was granted to John Peirce and George Jaffrey in . Its first settlement was made in 1771, by Deac. William Presbury, and his family. He lived here three yeara before any other families arrived. It was soon settled by several in- habitants from Bradford in Mass., from which circumstance it deri- ved its name. It was incorporated Sept. 27, 1787, and is mentioned in the act as including New Brad- ford, Washington Gore, and part of Washington. The congrega- tional church was formed in 1803. Rev. Lemuel Bliss was ordained March 5, 1805 ; died July 4, 1814, aged 38. Rev. Robert Paige was ordained May 22, 1822. There is a freewill baptist society, over which Rev. Jonathan Rowe was settled in 1821. There is also a small society of episcopalians. Pop. 1318. Breakfast Hill. See Rye. Brentwood, post town. Rock-' ingham co., in lat. 43°, is bounded E. by Exeter, N. by Epping, W. by Poplin, S. by Kingston ; and contains 10,465 acres. The soil is better adapted to grass than grain, although some improvements have been made in its qualities. Exeter river passes nearly through the cen- tre of the town, and there are oth- er streams of less magnitude con- necting with it. Pick-pocket falls, on Exeter river, are in this town, and near them are situated an ex- tensive cotton factory, and a num- ber of mills. A card factory has recently been established here, which promises to be of great utili- ty ; and also an iron furnace for casting machinery. Quantities ©f 36 NEVT-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. iron ore have been found, and it was formerly worked with success. Vitriol, combined in masses with sulphur, have also been found here. Brentwood was incorporated June 26, 1742. A congregational church was organized in 1752, and Rev. Nathaniel Trask ordained : he died in 1789. Rev. Ebenezer Flint suc- ceeded him, was installed in 1801, and died in 1811. Rev. Chester Cotton, the present minister, was settled in 1815. There isasociety of baptists here, over whom Elder Samuel Shepard was settled in 1775; died 1816. And also a num- ber of friends. Pop. 892, Brettojv-Woods, a township in Coos co., lat. 44° 17^ lies at the base of the White Mountains, on the N. W., having Jefferson and Whitefield N., Whitefield and Bethlehem \V., and the ungranted lands, and Nash and Sawyer's Lo- cation on the S. It has a territory of 24,640 acres ; and was granted Feb. 8, 1772, to Sir Thomas Went- worth, Bart. Rev. Samuel Langdon, and 81 others. Its surface is un- even, and its appearance dreary. There are but 19 inhabitants. Pon- dicherry mountain lies on the N. between this town and Jefferson. John's and Israel's rivers receive several branches from Bretton- Woods ; and the head streams oi the Amonoosuck from the surround- ing mountains unite in passin through the town. BridgewAter, a township in Grafton county, in lat. 43° 39', was originally part of New-Chester, and was incorporated Feb. 12, 1788. It is bounded N. by Plymouth and Hebron, on the E. by Pemigewas- set river, dividing it from part of Holderness and New-Hampton, c\\ the S. by Bristol, and on the Vv . by Newfound pond, which separates it from Alexandria. Bridgewaler has no rivers or ponds deserving notice. The soil is well adapted to grazing, and few townships in its vicinity exceed it in this respect. The May- hew turnpike passes thiough the W. part, near Newfound pond, and tire main road from Concord to Plym- outh through the E. part near Pem- igewasset river. There is a social library, small, but well selected. The first settlement was made in 1766, by Thomas Crawford, Esq. when the tract comprised the whole of New-Chester, Bridgewater and Bristol. He is still living at an advanced age. His brother Jona. Crawford and several others soon , became settlers. A congregational church was formed in 1817. Pre- vious to this time the members of it were in connexion with the one at Hebron. There are also baptist and freewill baptist churches. Pop. 727. Bristol, post township in the S. E. part of Grafton county, in lat. 43° 35', is bounded N. by Bridge- water, E. by Pemigewasset river, which separates it from N. Hamp- ton, S. by Smith's river, which sep- arates it from Nev^-Chester, W. by Alexandria; containing 9000 acres, exclusive of ponds. It is 90 miles from Boston, 16 S. from Plymouth, and 30 N. from Concord. The land is hilly, but has, in general, a good soil. Newfound pond, about 6 miles length and from 2 to 3 miles in width, lies in this town and in He- bron. Its waters are discharged through N^vfound river, a stream about 2 miles long and 100 feet wide, into Pemigewasset river. At the confluence of these rivers is a pleasant village, having 14 dwel- ling Louses, 2 stores, other buiid- irgs and a number of valuable mill seats. Bristol is connected by a toll bridge with New-Hampton. — The Mayhew turnpike passes NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 87 through this to'.vn. Here has latel)' been discovered, about 3 miles from the village, a large body of plum- bago, or black lead, (graphite,) of superior excellence. It has been examined by Drs. Mitchell and Da- na, Professors at New- York and Hanover, who pronounce it to be of the best kind hitherto discovered in our country. The land in which it is found, has been purchased by Mr. Charles I. Dunbar, of Massa- chusetts. Bristol was taken from Bridgewater and New-Chester, and incorporated June 24, 1819. The first settlement was made in 1770, by Col. Peter Sleeper, Benj. Em- mons and others. There is an in- corporated melhodist society. The church was formed in June, 1818. Pop. 675; polls in 1821, 133. Brookfield, township, Straf- ford county, lat. 43°32', is bounded N. W. by Wolfeborough, E. by Wakefield, S. E. by Middleton, the line passing in a zig-zag direction over Moose mountain, W, by New- Durham; and contains 13,000 ac. It is 45 miles from Concord, and 90 from Boston; was originally apart of Middleton, from which it was separated and incorporated Dec. 30, 1794. The soil is good. Cook's pond, about 1 mile long and 3-4 mile wide, is the source of the W. branch of Salmon-Fall river. There is also another small pond, cover- ing about 15 acres, directly on the top of Moose mountain, which has always about the same quantity of water, and a variety of fish in it. The first settler was Nicholas Aus- tin, and Richard Hanson built the first framed house— dates unknown. There never has been a minister settled in town ; but there is a small society of baptists. The inhabit- ants have a social library. There are no manufactories, taverns or stores. The number of rateable polls is 128. Pop. 740. Broorliive, a township on the S. line of tlie state, in lat. 42° 44', is bounded N. by Milford, E. by Hollis, S. by Townsend and Pep- perell, in Mass., W. by Mason, containing 12,664 acres, 240 of which are water. It is 7 miles from Amherst, 35 from Concord, and 43 from Boston. Nisitissit is the only river in Brookline. It ri- ses in the N. E. part of Mason ; passes through the S. part of Mil- ford into Brookline, pursuing a S. E. course to Potanipo pond. From the pond it runs S. E. to Hollis, passing through the S. W. corner of that town into Pepperell, where it empties into Nashua river. Po- tanipo, or Tanapus pond is situated near the meeting-house. It is about a mile long and one third of a mile wide. This town has but few nat- ural advantages for its improve- ment in wealth and importance. The population since 1790 has increased more than one third. The number of births for 5 years were as follows, viz. 1808, 25; 1809,22; 1810,23; 1811,12; 1812, 29; total. 111. The number of deaths the same years was, in 1808, 5; 1809, 5; 1810, 8; 1811, 4; 1812, 5 ; total 27. from which it appears, that the births in 1812 ex- ceeded the whole number of deaths for 5 years. Brookline formerly belonged to Massachusetts, and was included in the Dunstable grant. It was incorporated March 30, 1769, by the name of Raby. In Nov. 1798, the name was alter- ed by an act of the legislature to Brookline. A congregational church v/as formed about the year 1797. Rev. Lemuel Wadsworth, who graduated at Brown Universi- ty in 1793, was ordained Oct. 11, 1797; died Nov. 25, 1817, aged 48. Pop. 592. BuRNHAM's River S^e Ly 158 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. Burton, a township in Straf- ford CO., is in lat. 43° 56', and is bounded E. by Conway, S. E. by Eaton, S. by Tamworth, N. and W. by ungranted lands. It is 12 miles long from E. to W., and about 5 in width, containing about 36,700 acres. Distant from Concord, 75 miles •, from Gilford, 45 ; and 75 from Portsmouth. The principal river is Swift river, which passes from W. to E. through Burton, into the Saco at Conway. There are several small streams in different parts of the town, furnishing con venient mill privileges. These streams were once the residence of numbers of the beaver, otter, &c. There are several lofty hills and mountains in Burton, the highest of which is called Chocorua, and is visible from a great extent of coun- try. It received its name from Chocorua, an Indian, who was kil- led on the summit by a party of hunters in time of peace, before the settlement of the place. The predominant rock of these hills is granite — a soft, decomposing varie ty, in which the crystals and grains of feldspar are very large, and suf- fer a rapid decomposition, by which the whole is disintegrated and bro- ken down. The loose stones con- sist mostly of rolled masses of gran- ite, quartz, feldspar, and some spe- cimens of hornstone. A bed of bog ore of iron is also found here. The soil is fertile, being a sandy loam, mixed occasionally with coarse gravel. There are some fer- tile interval lands on the borders of the Swift river. The original growth here is maple, birch, ash, pine, &c. The prosperity of this town has been considerably retarded by a pe- culiar disease which afilicls neat cattle. Young cattle cannot be reared, nor can cows or oxen be kept here for a series of years, with-[ out being attacked by a singular and fatal distemper. It commences with a loss of appetite — the ani- mals refuse hay, grain and salt — become emaciated — an obstinate costiveness attends, but the abdo- men becomes smaller than in health, and is diminished to one third its original bulk. After these symp- toms have continued for an indefi- nite period, a brisk scouring comes on, and the animals fall away and die. Though superstition may have found a reason in the dying curse of the murdered Chocorua, philoso- phy has not yet ascertained a satis- factory cause for the disease. It is probably owing to the properties contained in the waters of Burton. This town was granted Nov. 6, 1766, to Clement March, Joseph Senter and others ; it constituted a part of Grafton county until Nov. 27, 1800, when it was annexed to the county of Strafford ; and is still numbered among those towns in this state which have never settled a clergyman. Pop. 209. CAMBRIDGE, in Coos county, lat. 44° 37', is an uninhabited town- ship, of 23,160 acres, granted May 19, 1773, to Nathaniel Rogers and others. It is bounded N. by the township of Errol and Umbagog lake, E. by the state of Maine, S. by Success and Paulsburg, and W. by Dummer. This tract has an uneven surface, but might be advantageously cultivated. Sever- al streams rise here, and fall into the Ameriscoggin, which passes through the N. W. part of the town. Campton, a post-township in Grafton county, in lat. 43° 49', is bounded N. by Thornton, E. by Sandwich, S. by Holderness and NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 89 Plymouth, W. by Rumney, con-| taining 27,892 acres. It is 50 miles i from Concord and 75 from Ports- mouth. Its surface is broken and uneven, abounding with rocky ledg- es, and having several mountainous tracts. Besides Pemigewasset riv- er, running N. and S. through near- ly the centre of the town, it is wa- tered by Mad and Beebe's rivers, which fall into the Pemigewasset on the E., and by West Branch riv- er and Bog brook on the W. The land in the valleys is generally good, and there is some good inter- val. The high land, when not too rocky, is good for grazing. The forest trees are mostly deciduous. There is some hemlock, pine and spruce. No white oak or pitch pine is found N. of the centre of the town. Iron ore of an inferior quality is found in some places. There are many orchards, but ap- ple-trees decay much sooner than in more southern situations. The towns of Campton and Rumney were both granted in Oct. 1761, to Capt. Jabez Spencer of East Haddam, Conn., but he dying be- fore a settlement was effectetl, his heirs, in conjunction with others, obtained a new charter, Jan. 5, 1767. The first settlement was jnade in 1765, by two families of the names of Fox and Taylor. The proprietors held their first meeting Nov. 2, 1769, and the inhabitants theirs, Dec. 16, 1771. From the circumstance of the first proprie- tors building a camp when they went to survey Campton and Rum- ney, this town derives its name. In the revolutionary war, this town, though in its infancy, furnished nine or ten soldiers, five of whom died in the service, and three were living in 1822. The congregation- al church was formed June 1, 1774. Rev. Selden Church, who gradua- I ted at Yale College in 1765, was ordained in Oct. 1774; dismissed in 1792. Rev. John Webber, who graduated at Dartmouth College in 1792, was installed in Feb. 1812 \ dismissed March 12, 1815. Rev. Amos P. Brown was ordained Jan. 1, 1817 ; dismissed in 1822. There are some baptists, regular and free- will, and some methodists. Pop. 1047. Canaan, post-tow^n in Grafton county, in lat. 43° 40', bounded N. by Dame's gore, which separates it from Dorchester, E. by Orange, S. by Enfield, and W. by Hanover. It is situated on the height of land between the rivers Connecticut and Merrimack. It is 16 miles E. from Dartmouth College, 30 S. E. of Haverhill, 25 S.W. from Plyns- outb, and 40 N. W. from Concord. Tlie only stream of consequence is the Mascomy, which rises in the N. W. part of Dorchester, and af- ter a meandering course of 8 or 10 miles, faHs into Mascomy pond in Enfield. Indian stream river rises in the S. E. corner of Dorchester, and running about 8 miles, mingles with the waters of Mascomy, near the centre of the town. Heart pond, so called irom its figure, is situated in the centre of the town, and upon a swell of land so eleva- ted, that at a distance, it presents the appearance of a sheet of water on a hill. It is about 500 rods in length and 200 in width, and the only natural cariosity of any note, is the mound or bank of earth which nearly surrounds this pond. It is from 4 to 5 feet high, and from its uniform height and regular con- struction, would seem to be the work of art ; but from frequent an- nual observation, it is found to have been produced by the drifting of the ice when breaking up in the spring. Besides this, there are 90 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. Goose,Clark's,Mud and Bear ponds. The Grafton turnpike passes with- in a few rods of Heart pond, on the west shore of which is the meeting-house and a pleasant vil- lage. The land is not so broken as in some of the adjoining towns. There is but little not capable of cultivation. The soil is tolerably fertile, and produces wheat, rye, corn, flax, &;c, Canaan was grant- ed by charter, July 9, 1761, to 62 persons, all of whom except ten belonged to Connecticut. It de- rived its name from Canaan in that state. The first permanent settle- ment was made in the winter, in 1766 or 7, by John Scofield, who conveyed what effects he possessed the distance of 14 miles over a crust of snow upon a hand-sled. Among others of the first settlers, were George Harris, Thomas Mi- ner, Joshua Harris, Samuel Jones and Samuel Meacham. The first proprietors' meeting was holden Ju- ly 19, 1768. The first church, which was of the baptist denomi- nation, was formed in 1780. Rev. Thomas Baldwin, D. D. was or- dained to the pastoral care of it, in 1783, and removed to Boston in 1790. Rev. Joseph Wheat was settled in 1813. There is a respec- table congregational society, incor- porated ill 1820, over which Rev. Charles Calkins presides. There is also a small society of metho- dists. Pop. 1198. Jonathan Dus-j ton, a native of Haverhill, Mass., a grandson to the intrepid Hannah Duston,mentioned under Boscaioen, died here, July 4, 1812, aged 93. CandiA, post-township, Rock- ingham county, was detached from the N. part of Chester and incor- porated Dec. 17, 1763. It was na- med by Governor Benning Went worth, who was once a prisoner on rhe island of Candia, (the ancient Crete) in the Mediterranean sea« Candia is in lat. 43°8' — is 6 miles long, 4 wide, and contains 15,360 acres, with 1273 inhabitants. Its >ioil is naturally hard of cultivation ; but the industry of the inhabitants has made it fruitful. It was orig- inally covered with a thick growth of oak, ash, maple, birch, &c. The site of this town is elevated, and commands an extensive view of the rich scenery of the adjacent country — the White Hills, the Wa- chusett, and other mountains, the lights on Plum-island, and the ocean being visible. From its ele- vation it probably derives its health ; and there are now living in the town more than 60 persons between 70 and 100 years of age. Annual average of deaths for six years past, 23. In the W. part of the town is a ridge of land extend- ing from N. to S. which is the high- est elevation between Merrimack river and the ocean. On the E. side of this ridge, two branches of Lam- prey river take their rise. The first settler was William Turner, who moved into the limits now comprising the town in 1748. In 1755, John Sargent and several others commenced settlements. This town among others contribu- ted largely to the attainment of in- dependence ; and the names of 69 soldiers of the revolution are found on its records. Tliere is a res- pectable congregational society in this town, over whom have been settled, Rev. David Jewett in 1771, removed 1780 ; Rev. Joseph Prince in 1782, removed 1789 ; Rev. Jesse Remington in 1790, died in 1815 ; Rev. Isaac Jones in 1816, dismissed 1818. Rev. Abraham Wheeler was installed in 1818. There is also a society of free-will baptists in Candia, and people of other de- nominations. Here are 12 schools NEW. HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 91 ;during about half the year ; and their regulations promise much usefulness. There are two social libraries ; a moral society ; a fe male charitable society, which con tributes annually 20 dollars for re ligious purposes. The inhabitants are mostly industrious farmers, ma ny of whom are ^/ealthy. Canterbury, a post-town, in the county of Rockingham, is lat. 43° 21' ; and bounded N. E. by Gilmanton, S. E. by Loudon, S. by Concord., W. by Merrimack river, which divides it from Boscawen, and N. by a rid^e called Bean Hill, separating the town from Northfield. Canterburj', though an uneven township, is not moun- tainous. The soil is generally good ; the more uneven parts af- fording excellent pasturage. There are no large streams in this town but several ponds give rise to smal ler streams, furnishing good mill sites, and near which are cut great quantities of hay. Two bridges over the Merrimack connect this town with Boscawen. Canterbury was granted May 20, 1727, to Rich- ard Waldron and others ; and for- merly comprehended Northfield and Loudon. It now contains an area of 26,345 acres. The town was settled soon after the grant was obtained ; and for a long time the inhabitants were exposed to the inroads of the savages. The hus- bandman cleared and tilled his land under the protection of a guard, uncertain whether the seed he com- mitted to the ground might not be watered by his blood, or that of an enemy. In 1738, two men of the names of Shepherd and Blanchard,| going a short distance from the garrison then kept in town, were surprised by a party of seven In- dians, who rose from behind a log fioi more than two rods from them, and all fired upon them, but with- out effect. Shepherd and his com- rade then fired upon their assail- ants, but to no purpose. Shspherd then made his escape ; while Blan- chard, less fortunate, fell into tlie hands of the Indians, who wound- ed and mangled him in such a manner that he survived but a few days. During the French and In- dian war, the latter made several attempts upon the inhabitants of this town. At one time they en- tered the house of Thomas Clough ; and finding no one within, they pilfered some of its contents. A negro belonging to Clough, and a lad of the name of Jackman, be- ing at work not far distant, the In- dians made them captives, and took them to Canada, where they re- mained till the close of the war, in 1749. Jackman was recently liv- ing in Boscawen. In April, 1752, two Indians, named Sabatis and Christi, came into Canterbury, where they were hospitably enter- tained by the inhabitants for more than a month. At their departure, they forced away two negroes, one of whom made his escape, and re- turned. The other was taken to Crown Point, and there sold to an officer. The next year, Sabatis, with another Indian, called Plau- sawa, returned to Canterbury ; where, being reproached for mis- conduct on his former visit, Sabatis and his companion behaved in a very insolent manner. Much ex- citement was produced against them. Some persons treated them freely wiih strong drink 5 one pur- sued them into the woods, and ta- king advantage of their situation, killed them, and, assisted by anoth- er person, buried them. They were so slightly buried, however, that their bodies were dug up by beasts of prey, and their bones 92 NEVV-HAMPSKTRE GAZETTEER. lay upon the ground. The two men concerned in the murder of these Indians belonged to Salisbii- r}' ; where they were soon after apprehended iind carried to Ports- mouth for trial. A bill was found against them by the grand jury, and they were confined in irons ; but on the night previous to their appointed trial, an armed mob from the country, with axes and bars, forced the prison and carried them off in triumph. Exertions were made to detect the ringleaders of the mob, but without effect. Al- though the people of Canterbury x-rere occasionally supplied with preaching from the earliest settle- ment of the place, no church was formed until 1761 ; when the Rev. Abiel Foster was ordained ; he was dismissed in 1779. Rev. Fred- erick Parker v.'as ordained in 1791, and died in 1802. Rev. William Patrick \va.s ordained in Oct. 1803 1 — at which time the church con-j sisted of about 20 male, and 40 j female members : it has since con-j siderably increased. Elder lVin-\ throp Young was settled over the free-will baptist society in 1793. The Hon. Abiel Foster de- serves a particular notice. He possessed in a great degree the es- teem jind confidence of the people : and soon after he left the pastoral care of the church, he was called to arduous duties as a magistrate and legislator. In 1783, lie war elected to Congress ; and for three years v/as a member of that body under tlie old confederation. He was successively returned a mem- ber for nearly all the time until 1804 ; when he retired to private life and domestic tranquillity. He was an ardent lover of his coun- try ; and faithfully served his con- stituents—by whom his memory will long be cherished. He died in Feb. 1806. Canterbury, from its elevated situation, has ever been a healthy town. The average number of deaths for the last 12 years has been 17 ; greatest num- ber in any one year, 24 ; least, 9. Pop. in 1820, 1696. Shakers' Village. — In the S. E. part of this town, on an elevated and beautiful site, is the village of the " Shakers" — a sect of chris- tians first known in this CG«ntry in 1774, when ^nn Lee, tiie founder of the sect, with several others, ar- rived at New- York from Liverpool, The church at Canterbury was gathered in the year 1792, under the ministration of Elder Job Bish- op, vrho is still then miiirister; al- though the society first embraced their religious faith about ten years previous to that time. At present it consists of more than two hun- dred members. They have a meet- ing-house open at all times of pub- lic worship, where any discreet and decent spectator is allowed to attend. They have a Deacons' of- fice, where all their public business is transacted, and where strangers are at first received on their visits to the society. They have also nine dwelling houses, of two and three stories, and several work- shops both for men and women. Their mills and various kinds of machinery are moved by water on an artificial stream. They manu- facture many articles for sale, which are remarkable for neatness and durability. Their gardens are perhaps the most productive of any in the country : and indeed all their improved lands exhibit the pleasing effects of industry and rural economy. They have for years supplied this section of the state with garden seeds, and take much pains to propagate those of jrhe best kind. They occupy more NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 93 than 1500 acres of land, lying prin- cipally in a body, which they have ' consecrated to the Lord,' and which they enjoy in common. They cheerfully pay their propor- tion of the public taxes, and share all the burthens of government, ex- cept the bearing of arms, which they deem to be contrary to the gospel ; and in return they claim from government only that protec- tion and support guaranteed to other citizens. The income of their manufactures, together with their agricultural products, yields their temporal support ; and what they become possessed of more than is necessary to their wants, they devote to charitable purposes, agreeably to their church covenant. Fifty-six persons, old and young, have departed this life in the soci- ety since it was first organized — a period of forty years. This num- ber is small, in comparison with the mortality of other parts of the state ; and furnishes strong proof how much temperate habits tend 10 prolong life. It should be men- tioned as a practice highly credit- able to this sect, that the members of their societies never make use of ardent spirits except in cases of sickness, being aware of the evils intemperance brings upon society. Another practice not unworthy of imitation is, they refuse to be trust- ed even in the smallest sum, Tliey transact their secular concerns with much probity and uprightness ; and though they may have suffered re- proach from their singularity of life and manners, they have be- come a proverb for industry, jus- tice and benevolence. The pecu- liar doctrines of this sect, which have often been misrepresented, are noticed in vol i. Historical Col- lections, to which the reader is re- ferred. 12 -See See Cape Horn, mountain. JVorthumberland. Cardigan, a mountain. Orange. Carr's Mountain. See Ells- worth. Carter's Mountain — be- tween Adams and Chatham. Catamount, mountain. See Pittsfield. There is also a hill of this name in Allenstown. Centre-Harbor, post-town, Strafford county, lat. 43° 41', is sit- uated between Winnepisiogee and Squam lakes, bounded N. E. by Moultonborough, S. E. by Mere- dith, S. W. by New-Hampton, N. W. lay Holderness and Squam lake. It has an area of 7,550 acres, and is distant 40 miles from Concord, 70 from Portsmouth, and HO from Boston. Measley pond and Squam lake are partly in this town ; the latter furnishes fine trout, and has several islands valuable for gra- zing. The soil is very good, most- ly a rich loam. The original growth is oak, maple, beech, birch and pine. The town is pleasantly situated, and its lo6al position prob- ably gave rise to its name. The first settlements v^^ere made by Eb- enezer Chamberlain in 1765, and Col. Joseph Senter, in 1767. A congregational church was formed here in 1815, over vihich Rev. David Smith was ordained 1819. There are portions of the inhalii- tants of other denominations. Pop. 486. Chadbourne and Hart's Location, in the county of Coos, s a narrow tract on both sides the river Saco, extending from the notch of the White Mountains to a tract granted to Mr. Royse — it con- tains 3446 acres. The grant was made April 27, 1772, to Thomas Chadbourne and George Hart of Portsmouth. The tenth N. H, 94 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. turnpike passes through this tract iVofii the Notch to the town of Bartlett. Pop. 65. Charl,E9-town, a post-town- ship, and one of the shire towns in Cheshire county, is situated on Connecticut river, in lat. 43° 15', and is bounded N. by Clareraont, E. by Unity and Acworth, S. by Langdon and Walpole, and W. by the W. bank of Connecticut river, on which it extends about 13 miles. It contains an area of 21,400 acres. It is 61 miles fiom Concord, 100 from Boston, 100 from Albany, 110 from Hartford, Conn, and 18 miles from Windsor, Vt. The only riv- ers in Chavlestown, are the Con- necticut and Little Sugar rivers. In the former, there are three isl- ands within the limits of this town, the largest of which contains about ten acres and is called Sartwell's island. The others contain about six acres each, and have a rich loamy soil. Sartwell's island is under a high cultivation. There are no falls in this river within the limits of Charlestown, which in terrupt the boat navigation, al though some little inconvenience is experienced in low water from \vhat are called " Sugar river bars." Little Sugar river waters the north part of Charlestown and empties ■'into Connecticut river about two miles south of the S. line of Clare- mont. This town has but few fac- tory or mill privileges. The soil is extremely various. West of the great road leading from Wal pole to Claremont, are not less than 1500 acres of fine interval land, generally of a deep, rich and loamy soil, and favorable for the culture and growth of most of the various kinds of grass and grain. In the east and northeast parts of the town, the soil of the upland is good — the natural growth of wood, consisting principally of birch, beech, oak, maple and hemlock. There is a ridge of hard, broken, and in sotae parts stony, land, east of the river road, extending almost the v/hole length of the town, and which is considered unfit for settle- ments. The south part of the town appears to have a different soil, and is favorable for yielding the lighter grains. The practical farmers here, for several years past, have used annually not less than 30 tons of plaster of Paris. It is generally applied with much bene- fit to interval lands. The agricul- tural products in 1820, were 25,- 000 lbs. of butter, 36,000 lbs. of cheese, 175,000 lbs. of beef, 180,- 000 lbs. of pork, 5000 lbs. of flax, and 895 barrels of cider. Charles- town contains two parishes, which are divided by a line running from Cheshire Bridge S. 87° E. to the corner of Acworth and Unity. In the south parish, there is a hand- some village, delightfully situated, at the distance of about half a mile from Connecticut river, and parallel with it. It contains an elegant brick meeting-house erec- ted in 1820, 70 feet by 60, and 32 in height, a court house and 56 dwelling houses, built with much taste and arranged with regularity. — In the north parish is a meeting house and a small village. There are 13 school districts, in whicii has been annually expended for the last ten years ^800, for the in- struction of about 500 scholars. In each parish is a social library. That in the south parish was in- corporated in 1812, and contains above 250 volumes ; that in the north parish was incorporated in 1818, and is but small. Ciieshire bridge, about two miles N. of the S. meeting-house, coninrects this town with Springfield, Vt. From NEW-HAMPSHIllE GAZETTEER. 95 this bridge, Cheshire turnpike leads southerly through the principal village to Keene. Charlestown turnpike passes from this village through Acworth, and intersects the 2d N. H. turnpike in Lenipster. Charlestown was granted by Mas- sachusetts, Dec. 31, 1735, by the name of JVumber 4, which is some- times applied to it at the present day. The grantees, 63 in number, belonged to Northampton, Hadley, Hatfield, Deerfield and Sunderland in Massachusetts. Their first meet- ing was hoiden at Hatfield, April 5, 1737. The first settlers were several families by the name of Parker, Farnswonh, and Sartwell from Groton, Mass. The next were the families by the name of Hastings from Lunenburg, and Ste- vens from Rutland. In 1743, a fort was built under the direction of Col. Stoddard of Northampton. In 1744, the first mills were erected. In l74o, they were burnt by the Indians, and were rebuilt in 1751. The Cape Breton war began in 1744. This town being more than thirty miles from any settlement suffered severely. In 1747, the inhabitants were compelled to aban- don the town. In April of the same year, Capt. Stevens ovas or- dered by Gov. Shirley to occupy the fort with thirty men to defend tlie frontiers. The boundary line between this province and Massa- chusetts was settled in 1741, and Charlestown was located in N. H. On the 2d July, 1753, No. 4 was in- corporated by the name of Charles- town. The charter was granted by Gov. Benning Wentworthto Jo- seph Wells, Phinehas Stevens and others who were purchasers under the old grantees. In 1754, the French wav commenced — and the inhabitants were obliged to take up their residence in the fort. In 1768, Mr. Samuel Stevens was the first wlio was chosen representative to the general court. The first meeting-house was built the same year. In 1771, Charlestown was made one of tlie shire towns of Cheshire county. In 1781, a num- ber of towns on tiie west of Con- necticut river seceded from New- Hampshire and joined Vermont, and one of the legislative sessions of the new state was hoi den at Charlestown. The Indian depre- dations on this town demand a few- notices. The first settlers of Charlestown, like the first inhabi- tants of almost every frontier town in New-England, were, prior to 1760, the victims of savage cruel- ty. For twenty years after the first settlement, their neighbors on the N. were the French in Canada, on the W. the Dutch, near the Hudson, on the E. the settlements on Merrimack river, and on the S. few were found until arrived at Northfiekl in Massachusetts, a dis- tance of more than 40 miles. The Indians were at peace but a small portion of that time. From their infancy, the settlers had been fa- miliar with danger and haJ acquir- ed a hardihood unknown to poster- ity. Vrhen they attended public worship, or cultivated their lands, they sallied from the fort prepared for battle, and worshipped or la- bored under the protection of a sentinel. In their warfare, the In- dians preferred prisoners to scalps, and few were killed but those who attempted to escape, or appeared too formidable to be encountered with success. The Indians, made their first hostile appearance in No. 4, April 19, 1746, when the mills- were burnt and John Spaf- ford, Isaac Parker and Stephen Farnswortli were taken prisoners and carried to Canada. May 4th, 06 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. the same year, Seth Putnam was killed; and on the 24th of the same month, a company under Capt. Paine, from the S. part of Worcester county, arrived for the defence of the place. A part of the soldiers had the curiosity to view the spot 'vvhere the unfortu- nate Putnam fell. The Indians rushed between them and the fort, and five w^re killed. August 3, 1746, a man by the name of Phil- lips v/as killed. In Nov., the town was deserted except by six men, who kept the fort until winter, and then left it. In the month of March, Capt. Stevens, with 30 men, took possession of the fort and de- fended it against the attack of 400 French and Indians. — June 17, 1749, Obadiah Sartwell was killed while ploughing, and Enos Stevens, a boy, son of Capt. Stevens, was taken prisoner. On the 29lh of August, 1754, the Indians made their first appearance after the commencement of the French war. At early dawn, they attacked the house of Mr. James Johnson, who, with his wife, her sister and three children, and two men, Peter Lab- arree and Ebenezer Farnsworth, lodgers in the house, were taken prisoners. On the 2d day, about 15 miles from Charlestown, in the wilderness, Mrs. Johnson was de- livered of a daughter, whom she named Captive, who afterwards married Col. George Kimball. Of the suff"erings, detentions and re- lease of Mrs. Johnson, a minute account has long been before the public, and has lately been re-pub- Ushed in the Historical Collections, for 1822. In 1756, Lieut. " Moses Willard, the father of Mrs. John- son, was killed. He was at work within sight of the fort with his son Moses. Him the Indians pur- sued and wounded with a spear. He made his escape, carrjing the spear with him into the fort. He lived respected until Aug. 17, 1822, when he was gathered to his fathers, aged 84 years. In 1757, the mills were again burnt, and Sampson Colefax, David Farnsworth and Thomas Adams were taken prison- ers. In 1758, Asahel Stebbins was killed, his wife, Isaac Parker and a soldier were captured. Sept. 8, 1760, Joseph Willard, his wife and children, were taken prison- ers. After a march of a few miles, their infant child was destroyed. Mr. Willard was son of Rev. Mr. Willard of Rutland, Ms. who was killed by the Mlians. It is be- lieved that this was among the last depredations of the Indians in New-England. The prisoners ta- ken from Charlestown were all car- ried to Canada by lake Champlain, and sold to the French. Nearly all of them were redeemed by gov- ernment or their friends. The first child born in Charlestown was Elizabeth, the daughter of Isaac Parker; — she was born 1744 ; died in 1806, aged 62. Charlestown has been favored with a number of eminent men, a few of whom will be mentioned. Capt. Phinehas SteveI?.? was one of the first set- tlers. The town, when in its in- fancy, was protected by his intre- pidity. He was a native of Sud- bury, Mass. from whence his fa- ther removed to Rutland. At the age of 16, while his father was ma- king hay, he, with three little broth- ers followed him to the meadows. They were ambushed by the In- dians, who killed two of his broth- ers, took him prisoner and were preparing to kill his youngest broth- er, a child four years old. He, by signs to the Indians, made them un- derstand if they would spare him, he would carry him on his back — NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 97 and he carried him to Canada, n They were redeemed and both re-lj turned. He received several com-'l missions from Gov. Siiirley, andjj rendered important services in pro-lj tecling the frontiers. In 1747, ij when Charlestown was abandonedji ()}- the inhabitants. Ire was ordered :| ft) occup}- the fort with 30 men.ij On the 4th of April, he was attack- ij ed by 400 French and Indians, un-jj der ^lons. Debeline. The assauitjj lasted three days. Indian strata- gem and French skill, with fire ap- plied to every combustible about the foit, had not the desired effect. The heroic band were not appal-; led. They refused to capitulate.. At length an interview between the ! commanders took place. Thej Frenclmian shewed his forces and' described the horrid massacre that! must ensue unless the fort was sur-| rendered. " My men are not afraid! to die." was the answer made byj Capt. Stevens. The attack con-] tinned with increased fury until the i end of the third day. when the en-.! emy returned to Canada, and left j Capt. Stevens in possession of the j fort. Capt. Stevens, for his gal-i lantry on this occasion, was presen- ! ted by Sir Charles Knowles with ; an elegant sword, and from this | circumstance the township, when j it was incorporated, took tire name of CharJestown. Capt. Stevens died in Nov. 1756, in the service of liis country. Samuel Stevens, Esq. the only surviving son of this brave ] man was the first representative, of the town to the general court,; and is at the age of 87 years, the J! present register of probate for^ Cheshire count}'. Col. William I Heywood. who was one of the i' ten males of the congregational • church formed in 1761, filled the j office of town clerk 42 years : liv- j ed to an advanced age and died in|! Feb. 1803. Col. SAMrEL Hr:vT, an active military officer in ihe French and revolutionary wars, settled here in 1759, and was sher- iff of the county till his death in 1779. Hon. SlMEOS Olcott, who graduated at Yale College in 1761, commenced the practice of law in tiiis town. He was chief justice of the court of common pleas, and of the superior court, and senator in Congress from 1801 to 1805. He died in 1815, aged 79. Hon. Bexjamix "West, son of Rev. Thomas West, and broth- er of Rev. Dr. Samuel West of Boston, resided here more than 40 years. He was born April 8, 1746, gi-aduated at Harvard Col- lege in 1763, settled here in the practice of law in 1772, and died in July, 1817, aged 71. At the bar, he ranked among the first of his profession. His application, learn- ing and integrity gave him great and merited influence. The eccle- siasucal history is brief. The first minister was Rev. John Dennis, who, on account of the Indian war, was ordained at Northfield, Mass. Dec. 4, 1754. He was dismissed March 31, 1758. Rev. Bulkier Olcott, who graduated at Yale Col- lege in 1.753. was ordained May 28, 1761, about which time the church was re-organized or a new one formed. He died June 26, 1792. Rev. Dan Foster, though not ordained here, supplied the pulpit from 1796 to his death, in 1809. Rev. Jaazaniah Crosby was ordained Oct. 17, 1810. The north parish has no church formed. Fop. 2110. CHATHA3f, township, Coos CO. in lat. 44^^ 8', is situated on the E. side of the White Mountains, and adjoining the line which divides this state from Maine. It has Con- way on the S.. Baitletl and Adams NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. pn the W., Mount Royse on the N. Chatham was granted to Peter Livius and others, Feb. 7, 1767 ; it now contains, in addition to its original territory, what was former- ly called Warner's location — in all about 26,000 acres. There are several ponds in Chatham, and some considerable streams. The surface is mountainous and rocky, and can never sustain a great pop- ulation. Between Chatham and Adams, Carter's mountain rises so high as to prevent the opening a road between the two towns; so that in holding an intercourse with the rest of the county, the inhab- itants are obliged to pass through part of the state of Maine. Pop. 298. Chester, a post-township of Rockingham county.in lat. 42° 59', is bounded N. and E. by Raymond, Candia and Hooksett, E. by Poplin and Sandown, S. by Londonderry, and W. by Manchester. Its great- est length is about 12 miles ; its greatest breadth is aboiit 6 1-2 xiiiles, and its least breadth, but lit- tle exceeds two. It is distant 17 miles from Exeter, and 30 from Portsmouth ; 17 from Haverhill, and 43 from Boston; 23 from Amherst, and 23 from Concord. A branch of Exeter river, called "The Branch," flows through the N.E. part of Ches- ter, beside which, there is no stream deserving mention. Massabesick pond is the largest body of fresh water in the county, and contains about 1500 acres. It consists of two nearly equal parts, each about 3 miles in length, and from 200 to 400 rods in breadth, united by a strait of about 250 rods in length, which is at one point so narrow, that the Londonderry turnpike passes it by a bridge. The line between this town and Manchester passes more than 2 miles through the westerly half of this pond. A considerable portion of this town possesses a good soil, and many of the large swells yield in fertility to none in the state. There are several large and valuable meadows. In this town are tv/o caves, sometimes visited by strangers. That which was earliest noticed, is situated in Mine hill, near the east ».de of Massabesick pond, on the old road from Chester to Concord. The entrance is about 5 feet high and 2 1-2 wide. The cavern extends into the hill in a northern direction about 80 feet, of sufficient dimensions to admit a per- son to pass. Its form is very irreg- ular, and its height and breadth various, from 2 to 12 feet and even more. After dividing into several branches, it is gradually lost in nu- merous small crevices in the rocks, which appear to be gneiss, and which possess in some parts a slight taste of alum. The other is in the westerly side of Rattlesnake hill, in the S. W. part of the town, in a ledge of coarse granite, nearly 40 feet high. It has two entrances. The north entrance is about 11 feet high and 4 broad. The width of the cave then increases gradual- ly for about 15 feet, where its height is 3, and its breadth from 6 to 12 feet. Its direction there changes to the right, and its width varies from 5 1-2 to 9 feet, and its height from 6 to 7, to the other entrance which is about 7 feet high and 9 wide. Its whole length is about 35 feet. Plum- bago or black lead is found in this town of good quality and in con- siderable abundance. Native sul- phur is also found in small quanti- ties, imbedded in tremolite. Gran- ite and gneiss are the prevailing rocks, and handsome specimens of graphic granite are sometimes found. The village in this town has about 35 dwelling houses, and a NEWHAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 99 meeting-house, beside otVier build- 1 ings, stores, fee, standing chiefly on ! a long street. It is the principal place of business in this part of the coun- ty, and is situated on an elevated rise, and commands one of the most extensive prospects in New-Eng- land. From this hill, the ocean, though more than 20 miles distant, may, in a clear day, be distinctly seen. There are in this town two meeting-houses, one for congrega- tionalists, erected in 1773, and fur- nished with a town-clock and a bell, and one for presbyterians, erected about 1735, but since much enlarged. The schools are usually taught here from 5 to 8 months in each year. A social library was incorporated in 1798, and contains about 325 volumes, many of which are well selected and valuable works. The Chester turnpike ex- tends about 15 miles from the vil- lage in Chester to Pembroke street. The mail passes and repasses three times in each week, and stages dai- ly, on these roads from Concord to Boston. A weekly mail from Brat- tleborough, Vt. to Portsmouth, pas- ses through this town. In October, 1719, about 80 persons, chiefly from Hampton and Portsmouth, asso- ciated for the purpose of obtaining a grant of a township in the "Ches- nut country" — placed three men on the land to keep possession, and pe- titioned for a grant. After some difficulty, they obtained a grant of a tract of land ten miles, square, Aug. 26, 1720. The settlement was immediately commenced by several persons from Rye and Hampton — of whom Samuel Ingalls, Jonathan Goodhue, Jacob Sargent, Ebenezer Dearborn, Robert Smith, B. and E. Colby, John and S. Robie, seem to have been most active and useful; and by several families which had recent) v emigrated from the north of Ireland. From 1722 to 1726, the settlement was retarded by an In- dian war. The Indians, however, did no injury to this town, except that they took Thomas Smith and John Carr, who, after travelling a- bout 30 miles into the Vt'oods, made their escape while the Indians were asleep, and arrived in safety at a garrison in Londonderry. Several garrison houses were maintained in this town till after the peace of 1749. On the 8th of May, 1722, the town, which had previously been called Cheshire, was incorporated by its present name. The charter includ- ed more than 120 square miles of territory. The first meeting under it was holden March 28, 1723. Un- til 1728, the town meetings were usually holden in one of the old towns in the province, and almost all the town officers, thdugh propri- etors, were not inhabitants of the town. Until 1735, the business of the town and of the proprietary was transacted at the town meet- ings. Separate meetings were after- wards holden. In 1729, the town voted to erect a meeting-house, which was so far completed, that the town meetings were afterwards usually holden in it. In the follow- ing year, they settled Rev. Moses Hale, who was removed in 1734. In this year, the first settlers, who were presbyterians, formed a socie- ty and settled Rev. John Wilson, after the rules of the Kirk of Scot- land. In 1738, they erected a meet- ing-house. They resisted every at- tempt to settle a congregational minister, and after the settlement of Rev. Ebenezer Flagg, which oc- curred in 1736, many of them re- fused payment of their taxes for his support. Two of them, James Campbell, and John Tolford, were arrested by the collector and com- mitted to jail in Exeter. After a 100 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. tedious lawsuit, they obtained a decision in their favor, and in 1740, the two congregations were author- ised to hold separate meetings wrth corporate powers. Rev. Mr. Flagg, of the congregational church died Nov. 14, 1796. Rev. Nathan Brad- street had been settled as colleague in 1793, and resigned in 1818. Rev. Joel R. Arnold succeeded March 8, 1820. Rev. Mr. Wilson, of the presbylerian church, died Feb. 1, 1779 : he was born in the county of Ulster, in the N. of Ireland — to which his ancestors had emigrated from Scotland. He came to Amer- ica in 1729, and preached 45 years to his church. After his death the church was vacant 24 years. Rev. Zaccheus Colby was installed Oct. 13, 1803, removed in 1809 ; and was succeeded by Rev. Clement Parker Feb. 19, 1817. A baptist church was organized in Cliester, Dec. 16, 1819. In 1740 the first school- house was built. In 1748, Capt. Abel Morse was chosen the first representative. In 1750, it was voted, that the S. W. part of the town should be set off with a part of Londonderry and the land next Amoskeag into a separate parish, which was incorporated in 1751 by the name of Derryjield. In 1753, the W. part of the town was set off as a distinct parish, and has been since known as the Long- Meadows. In 1762, that part of the town called Charmingfare was set off as a parish, and in the year following was incorporated by the name of Candia. 1763, the north parish, or Freetown, was set off as a parish or town, and in 1765, incor- porated by the name of Raymond. In 1822, a part of Chester was dis- annexed with other tracts to form the town of Hooksett — reducing the population to 1946. The abo- rigines had a settlement of 10 or 12 wigwams, on an island in Mas- sabesick pond, vestiges of which, it is said, may still be seen. — The throat distemper, which prevailed in 1735, and which proved mortal in 21 cases, is the only dangerous epidemic with which this town has been visited. The first child of English parents born in this place was a daughter of Samuel Ingalls ; she died recently in Candia aged over 90 years. John Sargent was the first boy born here ; he died in Candia between 70 and 80 years of age. The first framed house erected in this town, is still stand- ing and is now occupied as a tavern. Many of the first settlers lived to a very great age. Chesterfield, a post-town- ship in Cheshire county, in lat. 42° 53', is bounded N. by Westmore- land, E. by Keene and Svvanzey, S. by Winchester and Hinsdale, W. by Brattleborough and Dum- merston, Vt. containing 29,437 acres. It is 11 miles from Keene, 65 from Concord, and 90 from Bos- ton. This town is generally hilly and uneven. Few towns on Con- necticut river have so little inter- val land. For the whole six miles that it lies upon the river, the hills approach near the river's side. There is much good upland, well adapted for grazing, and the pro- duction of Indian corn. The chief articles carried to market are beef, pork, butter and cheese. Connec- ticut river passes through the wes- tern bounds of Chesterfield. Cat's- Bane brook is a stream of great importance, as it furnishes many mill seats. Spafford's lake is a beautiful collection of water, situ- ated about one mile N. of the meeting-house. It is about 8 miles in circumference, containing a sur- face of 526 acres. It is fed by springs in its bosom. Its waters NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEE^l. 101 are remarkably clear and pure, its bed being a white sand. In this lake, there is an island of about six acres, which forms a delightful retreat for students of the acade- my in the summer. 0« its E. side issues a stream called Partridge's brook, sufficiently large to carry the machinery of a cotton factory, sawmills, &;c. The factory has 800 spindles. Forty looms, opera- ted by water, have been lately built. West river mountain lies in this town and Hinsdale. It is sup- posed to have been once subject to a volcanic eruption, and there is at present a considerable quantity of lava near its crater. Some of the early inhabitants perceiving an aperture in the mountain, and sup- posing it led to a silver mine, ob- tained a lease of that part which contained the supposed mine. The lease requires the lessees to dig, at least three days in each year, that it may not become void. At this time, they have dug principally through a rock between 90 and 100 feet, following the course of the crater downward. It is said by those who live near the mountain, that it frequently trembles, and a rumbling noise is heard in its bow- els. Chesterfield has three villa- ges. The principal one, through which the stage road passes, lead- ing from Hartford to Hanover, is situated near the centre of the town and 3 miles E. of Connecticut river. Here are several dwelli/ig houses, the meeting-house and a flourishing academy, which was opened Aug. 14, 1794. It has no funds, but the school has continued every year since it commenced, un der the direction of a preceptor and 11 trustees. Until within a few years, this was the only acade- my in Cheshire county. Chester field was granted Feb. 11, 1752, to 12 persons of the name of Wil- lard and 52 others. The first set- tlement was made Nov. 25, 1761, on the banks of the Connecticut by Moses Smith and William Thomas, with their families. The next spring, Abel Emmons and Si- mon Davis moved into town. At that period, the river afforded abun- dance of shad and salmon, and the forests were well stocked with deer, bears and other game, so that the in- habitants did not experience those privations so common in the new settlements on the E. The first child born in town was Mary Thom- as — born in 1762, and is now liv- ing. The congregational church was formed in 1771. Rev. Abra- h-am Wood, who graduated at Har- vard College in 1767, was ordained Dec. 31, 1772. He is the oldest minister in New-Hampshire. There is a baptist society, incorporated June 21, 1819; also a universalist society, incorporated June 22, 1818. Mrs. Hannah Bayley, wid- ow of Josiah Bayley, formerly of Lunenburg, Ms. died here in Nov. 1822, aged 104 years and 3 months. Hon. Levi Jackson, who was for several years a representative and senator in the legislature, and a member of the executive council in 1816 and 1817, was a native of this town. He was born June 29, 1772, graduated at Dartmouth Col- lege in 1799, and died Aug. 30, 1821, aged 49. He was six years preceptor of the academy. Pop. 2110. CHICHE.STER, post-town, Rock- ingham county, lat 43° 15', is situ- ated 8 miles E. of Concord ; boua- ded N.E. by Pittsfield, S.E. by Ep- som, S. W. by Pembroke, N.W. by Loudon and a part of Concord, and comprises 11,978 acres. It was granted May 20, 1727 to Nathan- iel Gookin and others ; but the 102 NEWHAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. settlement was not commenced un- til 1758, when Paul Morrill settled in the woods. The soil is good, and richly repays the cultivator — there is little waste land, nor are there any considerable elevations. Bear hill in the N. part of the town, which is covered with a cul- tivated soil, is the principal emi nence. The E. of the town is v/atered by the Suncook river, which affords its mill seats and some productive interval. Sever- al smaller streams flow into this river from the S. side of the town Linkfield pond is in Chichester, from which flows a small stream S W. into the Soucook. The turn pike from Concord jto Portsmouth passes through this town. In 1791 a congregational church was organ^ ized and Rev. Josiah Carpenter or dained. There is also a religious society formed of members of dif- ferent religious sentiments, but agreeing in worship. In various parts of the town are still to be seen traces of Indian settlements ; and implements of stone, chisels, axes, &;c. have frequently been found ^he vicinity was once the resi dence of a powerful tribe, the Pen acooks, and their plantations of corn, &c. were made on the banks of the Suncook. Pop. 1010. Claremont, a post township in Cheshire county, situated in lat 43° 23', on Connecticut river, is bounded N. by Cornish, E. by New port, S. by Unity and Charlestown, W. by Weathersfield, Vt. contain ing 25,830 acres. It is 12 miles ^. of Charlestown, 47 W, of Con- cord, 97 from Portsmouth and 100 from Boston. This town is water ed by Connecticut and Sugar rivers besides numerous brooks and riv ulets. Sugar river originates from Sunapee lake ; passes through part of Wendell, the whole of New- port, and through nearly the centre of this town, where it unites with the Connecticut. Red-water brook waters the N. E. part of the town and empties itself into Sugar river. Claremont is a fine undulating tract of territory, covered with a rich gravelly loam, converted into the best meadows and pastures. The hills are sloping acclivities, crowned with elegant summits. The intervals on the rivers are rich and luxuriant. The agricultural products in 1820, were 30,000 lbs. of butter, 55,000 lbs, of cheese, 135,000 lbs. of beef, 170,000 lbs. of pork, 7,500 , lbs. of flax, and 1100 barrels of cider. Three tons of pearlashes were made the same year. The houses and buildings present a very favorable appear- ance, and indicate the wealth and prosperity of the town. There is but one elevation which comes un- der the name of mountain. This is near Newport and is called Green mountain. There is one small pond lying in this town and New- port. There is, besides the mills, &C. in the statistical table, a wool- len factory, owned by Dr. Leonard Jarvis, which manufactures be- tween 4000 and 5000 yards of broad cloth annually. There is al- so a valuable paper mill establish- ment, owned by Col. Stevens. — There is a communication with Weathersfield by means of Ash- ley's and Sumner's ferries. Just below Ashley's ferry, is Hubbard's island, 240 rods long and 40 wide. There are several bridges over Su- gar river. The second N. H. turn- pike extends from the lottery bridge in Claremont to the plain in Am- herst, a distance of about 50 miles. Claremont was granted Oct. 26, 1764, to Josiah Willard, Samuel I Ashley and 68 others. It received I its name from the country seat of NE W.HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 103 Lord Clive, an English general. The first settlement was made in 1762, by Moses SpaflFord and David Lynde. In 1763, and 1766, sever- al other inhabitants arrived. In 1767, a considerable number of the proprietors, and others from the towns of Farmington, Hebron and Colchester, in Connecticut, made settlements in different parts of the town. The fust n-ative of Claremont was Elijah, son of Mo- ses Spafiford — he was born in 1763. Among the early inhabitants, to whose enterprise the town was es- sentially indebted for its prosperi- ty, may be mentioned Samuel Cole, Esq. who graduated at Yale Col- lege in 1731, and was for many years very useful as an instructor of youth. He died at an advan- ced age. Dr, William Sumner, a native of Boston, who came to this place in 1768 from Hebron, Conn., was a resident several years in Claremont, where he died in March, 1778. Col. Benjamin Sum- ner, who was many years a civD magistrate, died in May, 1815, aged 78. Col. Joseph Waite, who was engaged in the French and Indian war, was captain of one of Rog- ers' companies of rangers, and commanded a regiment in the rev- olutionary war, died in Oct. 1776. Capt. Joseph Taylor, who was en- gaged in the Cape Breton, the French, and revolutionary wars, who was, with one Farwell, taken prisoner by the Indians, in the summer of 1755, carried to Cana- da, and sold to the French, resided in Claremont, and died in March, 1813, at the age of 84. Hon. Sam- uel Ashley moved to this town in 1782. He was in the wars of 1745 and 1755. He sustained several civil offices, and was judge of the court of common pleas. He died in Feb. 1792. The early inhabi- tants were about equally divided in their attachment to episcopacy and congregational principles. The churches of these denomina- tions may be considered as coeval. The first minister of the congrega- tional society was Rev. George Wheaton, who was ordained Feb. 19, 1772 ; died June 24, 1773, aged 22. Rev. Augustine Hibbard was settled in Oct. 1774 ; was dismis- sed i-n 1785. Rev. John Tappan, ordained March 7, 1796; dismis- sed Sept. 1802. Rev. Stephen Farley, ordained Dec. 24, 1806 ; dismissed April, 1818. Rev. Jon- athan J^ye, ordained June 6, 1821. The first minister of the episcopal society was Rev. Ramia Cossit, who sailed for England for holy orders in Dec. 1772. He was or- dained by tne bishop of London, and returned the next year, and took charge of the church in this town. He was recalled by the bishop to the island of Cape Bret- on in 1785. Rev. Daniel Barber succeeded him in August, 1775, and was dismissed in Nov. 1818. The charch, which is called Union church, one of the largest in the state, is in a flourishing condition, containing 120 communicants, and is under the care of Rev. James B. Howe, who was settled in April, 1819. The»e are two churches, one built in 1773; the other in 1812, in which public worship is attended alternately. A baptist society was formed in 1785, and the next year, Rev. John Peckens was ordained. He was dismissed in 1788. Rev. John Peake, now of Barnstajjle, Ms., succeeded Mr. Peckens. There is a method ist society, formed in the year 1309. Rev. Caleb Dustin, who died in 1821, was their pastor several years, and was highly respected. The.re is a number of universai- 104 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. ists, who have occasional preach- ing. A small society of Roman catholics, in this and the neighbor- ing towns, have lately received Rev. Daniel Barber, formerly the episcopalian minister here, who was ordained at the Roman catho- lic church in Boston, as a mission- ary for this state, Dec. 3, 1822. The late Hon. Caleb Ellis was a resident in this town. He was a native of Walpole, Ms., gradua- ted at Harvard College 1793. He read law principally in the office of Hon. Joshua Thomas of Plym- outh, Ms. ; came to reside in Clare- mont about 1800. In 1804, he was chosen a member of congress from this State; in 1809 and 1810, a member of the executive council ; in 1812, an elector of president and vice-president of the U. S. In 1813, he was appointed judge of the superior court, in which of- jfice he remained till his death. May 9, 1816, aged 49. Pop. 2290. Clear Stream, river, rising in the mountains of Dixville, N. of Millsfield ; it passes through the centre of Errol, into the Amer- iscoggin, about three miles W. of Umbagog lake. CocHECO, orQuoCHECHO, riv «r, has its rise from several small streams in New-Durham, which unite in Farmington, whence the river meanders through Rochester, there receiving the Isinglass, a trib- utary, and thence passes through Dover into the Newichwannock or Salmon-Fall river, the principal tranch of the Pas,cataqua. The Cocheco is a beautiful river, and very important to the inhabitants of Rochester and Dover. CoLEBROok, pogt-town, Coos conn'y, lat. 44^^ 51', is bounded N. by Stewartstown, E. by Dixville, S. by Columbia, W. by the Con- necticut river, and contains 25,000 acres. It is watered by the Mo- hawk river and Beaver brook. The soil here is rich, and very gen- erally capable of culture. In- tervals of good quality stretch along the Connecticut, and the up- lands, gentle of ascent, are also fertile. Colebrook was originally granted to Sir George Colebrook and others, and was incorporated Dec. 1, 1790. The people are ea- terprizing and happy. Pop. 46^. Cold River. See Acworth. College Lands, in the coun- ty of Coos, consisting of two grants by the state to the trustees of Dart- mouth College. The first was made Feb. 5, 1789, and contains 40,960 acres, situated on the Con- necticut river N. of Stewartstown. The second grant was made June IB, 1807, consisting of 23,040 acres, located N. of the tract granted to George Wentworth. The lands are of considerable value, but as yet have but 33 inhabitants. Columbia, post-town, in the county of Coos, in lat. 44° 48^ lies on the E. bank of Connecti- cut river, 30 miles N. of Lancaster. It has Colebrook on the N., Dix- ville and Ervin's Location on the E. and Stratford on the S. The surface of the town is quite une- ven, the mountains of Stratford ly- ing along the S. From these a number of streams descend north- westerly into the Connecticut, yielding an abundance of water for the soil, and furnishing many fine mill seats. There are also sev- eral small ponds in town — on the borders of one, called Lime pond, vast quantities of shells are found, from which a species of lime is made that answers for some uses. The forest trees in Columbia are what may be called hard wood, in distinction from evergreens. Some spruce, fir and pine, however, are NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 105 found in Columbia, but in no abun- dance. The want of the latter is felt by the inhabitants. This place was granted Dec. 1, 1770, and na- med Cockbume in honor of Sir James Cockbume, of London, a grantee. It was incorporated Dec. 16, 1797 ; and its name altered to Columbia June 19, 1811. This town originally comprised about 32,000 acres. Wales' Location, containing 5822 acres, has since been annexed. Pop. 249. Concord, post-town, in the county of Rockingham, is the seat of the state government. It is pleasantly situated on both sides the river Merrimack, along which spread some rich intei"vals. Con- cord is in lat. 43° 12', N. and is bounded N. W. by Canterbury and Boscawen, N. E. by Loudon and Chichester, S. E. by Pembroke and Bow, and S. W. by Hopkinton. It comprises 40,919 acres, of which about 1800 are water. There are 5 ponds in Concord, two on the E. of the Merrimack, and three on tiie W. The largest is Turkey pond in the S. W. part of the towr., containi-ng about 700 acres, the waters of which form the Turkey river, a stream of some importance, passing S. into Bow. Long pond, in the W. part of the town, con- tains about 500 acres, the waters of which pass into the Merrimack be- iovv Sewall's island. Turtle pond ijes E. of Long pond and near the line of Loudon ; it contains about 200 acres, and its waters pass into the Merrimack through the valley E. of the river. Tiie others are Snow pond, N. W. of Turtle pond, and Horse-shoe pond near the meeting-house. Tlie river Sou- cook forms the S. E. boundary of Concord, from Chichester to its junction with the Merrimack below Garven's falls. The Contoooook K2 is a considerable river, entering near the W. corner of the town, and uniting with the Merrimack on the N. W. line, forming at its junction the island celebrated as the spot where Mrs. Duston made a desperate escape from a party of Indians in 1698.* But the Merri- mack is the principal river in this region, and is not only the orna- ment and beautifier of the land- scape, but the source of health and profit to the inhabitants. It meanders nearly through the cen- tre of the town, enriching the tracts of interval on its borders. The intervals here are of no great width, and the remark is applica- ble, we believe, to the whole val- ley of the Merrimack, which is far inferior in extent and beauty to that of the Connecticut. Soon af- ter entering the tov/n, the river passes over the rapids called Sew- all's falls, below which is situated Sewall's island, thus called from an early proprietor. The current of the river from this island is not rapid, and has no natural obstruc- tions, until it reaches Turkey and Garven's falls at the S. E. extremi- ty of the town. Locks are here constructed, and the navigation of the river has been open during the boating seasons for several years. The river here is about 100 yards wide, but occasionally the spriiig and autumn freshes have covered the interval adjoining the principal village, presenting to the eye a body of water of a mile in width. Tliese freshes, though often des- tructive to crops, fences, &;c. are of no disadvantage to the soil, on which they deposit a rich sediment. During tiie greatest freshes, the river has risen nearly 20 feel above the ordinary level, but tliis is ua- •See Bisscasven, 106 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. eommon. Tliere are two bridges thrown across the river in this town : the Federal, or Upper bridge, and Concord, or Lower bridge. At these bridges are situated the store- houses of the Boating Company on the river. The intercourse with Boston, opened by way of the ca- nals on the Merrimack, has been of considerable advantage to the coun- try. The navigation to this town was opened in 1815, and the quan- tity of goods annually brought up has averaged from 1000 to 1500 tons. The freight downward has been more extensive, consisting of the produce of the countr-y, lumber, and other heavy or bulky articles. For the first Vnree years tlie busi- ness on the river exceeded that for the three last ; but there is a pros- pect that it will hereafter be much increased. The principal village, and the seat of most of the busi- ness of the town, extends along the western bank of the Merrimack nearly two miles from S.E. to N. W. It is very pleasantly situated, and from Its convenient situation has become a place of considerable trade. The state-house,* state-pris- on, town-house and meeting-house are sitaated in this village.— There are 170 dwelling-houses, 18 stores,? taverns, several machanic shops, 5 printing-offices, 5 bookstores and 2 binderies. On the E. of the river is another considerable village,very pleasantly situated ; and a village iS also forming in the W.part of the town. The soil of this town pre- sents all the varieties common to this region, and is in some parts fertile. The highlands extending back from the river are very pro- ductive, and were originally cover- ed with oak, chesnut, maple, &c. The plains are alluvial and cover- •See page 41. ed with a growth of pine. Large masses of excellent granite are found in Concord, and the public edifices there are erected of this material. Iron ore exists in small quantities, and was formerly wi-ought by the inhabitants. The tract comprising the town of Con- cord, (originally called Penacook,) was granted by Massachusetts, Jan. 17, 1725, to Benjamin Stevens, Eb- €nezer Eastman and others, and in- cluded seven miles square. In the following year settlements were commenced, and the tract divided into lots ; a block house was also erected, to serve for a place of wor- ship and as a garrison of defence. In 1727, Capt." Ebenezer Eastman moved his family into this place. In 1728, the S. boundaries of the town were extended, as an equiva- lent for lands within the limits be- fore granted to Gov. Endicott, and claimed by heirs of Judge Sewall. The first child born at Penacook, was Dorcas, a daughter of Edward Abbot, Feb. 15, 1728. Edward, son of the same, and the first male, was born Dec. 27, 1730. In 1733, the plantation was incorporated by the name of Rumford. From about this period till 1762, a controversy existed between the proprietors of Rumford and Bow, the latter claiming under a grant from New- Hampshire a great portion of the town of Rumford. The question was decided on appeal to the King in Council in 1762 ; and Rumford was incorporated by New-Hamp- shire, June 7, 1765, by the name of Concord. No considerable at- tacks were made by the Indians wandering in this region, until the commencement of the \»ar of 1 744. During several years thereafter, the inhabitants were in constant danger and alarm, and lived in gar- risons. On the 7th of Aug. 1746, NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 107 the Indians killed Jonathan and Samuel Bradley, Obadiah Peters, John Bean and John Lufkin ; and took several others into captiv- ity. The party were travelling toward Hopkinton. The conflict v.as obstinate, and a greater number of Indians were killed.* The enemy i hovered in the neighborhood du- ring the war ■, killed a Mr. Ester- brooks Nov. 10, 1746, and commit- ted various depredations upon the cattle and other property of the in- habitants. R.ev. Timothy Walker, the first minister, was settled Nov. 18,1730; and died Sept. 2, 1782, aged 77. P^ev. Israel Evans was ordained July 1, 1789 ; dismissed in 1797. Rev. Asa MTarland, D. D. was ordained March 7, 1798 ; and his church consists ef nearly 400 members. An episcopal soci- ty was formed here in 1818 ; and in the same year a baptist church, over w^hich Rev. William Taylor was settled in 1819. There is also a society of friends. The first pa- per established in this town was the " Courier of Nei\'-Hampshire," commenced by George Hough Jan. 6, 1790 ; discontinued Oct. 30.1805. •♦ The Mirror," by Moses Davis, was commenced in 1792 ; discon tinned in 1799. Elijah Russell es. tabiished the " Republican Ga zette,"Feb. 5, 1801, and discontin- ued it in 1802. The "Concord Ga zette," by Hoit & Tattle, commen ced July 6, 1806, and discontinued in 1819. Tlie "JVew-Hampshire Pat riot" by Isaac Hill, commenced Oct. 18, 1808. The " Concord Ob- server," since altered to " JWw; Hampshire Repository," was estab- lished by George Hough, Jan. 1 1819 ; and transferred to John W. Shepard, the present publisher, April 1, 1822. The " J^ew-Hamp •See History of Concord, published by Jacob B. Moore. shire Statesman" by Luther Roby, commenced Jan. 6, 1 823. A Liter- ary Journal, conducted by the au- thors of this Gazetteer, was com- menced in 1822, and is still publish- ed by J. B. Moore. This town has generally enjoyed an unusual ex- emption from disease. For the last 31 years, the deaths have been 845, averaging about 27 per annum. Of these about one 12th part have liv- ed to the age of 80 years and up- wards — several to nearly 100. Ep- idemics have scarcely ever pre- vailed here. The small pox ap- peared in 1775, but was checked by timely precaution. In 1812, 13, 16 and 17, the spotted fever made its appearance, and a number fell its victims. Among the early inhab- itants and distinguished citizens of this town, we may mention the Rev. Timothy Walker, the first minister. He was a native of Woburn, Ms., graduated at Har- vard Collc^«3 in 1725. During S2 years, which he spent in the minis- try here, his labors were abundant- ly successful. Hon. Timothy Walker, son of the preceding, was born in 1737; graduated at Harvard in 1756 ; was entrusted with various civil offices by his townsmen, and in 1776 was one of the committee of safety for the state. He commanded a regiment of minute men in New-Hampshire —was afterwards paymaster of the state forces, and served a cam- paign under Gen. Sullivan. He was a member of the convention which formed our constitution in 1784 — was afterwards several years a legislator ; and for some time sustained the office of chief-justice of the common pleas. He died May 5, 1822, aged 85. Benja- min ROLFE, Esq. an early and distinguished settler, died March 20, 1772. Dr. EzRA CARTER, the 108 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. first physician, and a person uni- versally esteemed, died Sept. 17, 1767, aged 48. Dr. Philip Car- RIGAIJV, an eminent physician and valuable citizen, died in 1806. Deacon John Kimball, esteem- ed for a life of unobtrusive useful- ness and piety, died Dec. 31, 1817, aged 78. Hon. Thomas W. Thompson, a distinguished inhab- itant, died Oct. 1, 1821, aged 67. Numerous other individuals, belov- ed for services to the community, might be mentioned, had we room in this brief sketch. The celebrated Benjamin Thompson, (known to the world as Count Rumford,) was a native of Woburn, Ms. and settled here in early life. In 1775, he went to England, was employ- ed as clerk in the office of an Eng- lish nobleman, who eventually pro- cured for him a colonel's commis- sion. He served in the British ar- mies until 1784, when his philo- sophical inquiries having attracted attention in foreign countries, he was promoted to the rank of lieu- tenant-general of horse, in the ser- vice of the Duke of Bavaria. Here he distinguished himself in intro- ducing discipline and economy among the troops ; and during his residence in Bavaria made success- ful efforts in the public service, and particularly in ameliorating the condition of the poor. On leaving the German service, the Duke ere ated him a count, taking his title from the name of the town where he had spent most of his youth. Count Rumford afterwards visited England, where he received the honors of knighthood, and enjoyed the favor of the public. He died in France in 1814, at the age of 60 years. More particular notices of Count Rumford and others may be found in tVie History of Concord before referred to. This tovi^n has for many years been the seat of the state government. Terms of the superior court, courts of sessions and probate courts are now to be holden at this place. Concord is 62 miles from Boston, 45 ffom Ports- mouth, 40 from Dover, 70 from Ha- verhill,55 from Keene, and 505 from Washington City. Pop. 2838. Concord, a post town in Graf- ton county, in lat. 44° 12', is boun- ded N. by Littleton and Bethlehem, E. by Franconia, S. by Landaff, and W. by Lym^, containing 29,130 acres. Its S. W. angle terminates at Bath. It is 20 miles from Ha- verhill, 28 from Lancaster, and 90 from Concord, the seat of govern- ment. It is watered by Amonoo- suck river, running through the whole extent of the town, and by several smaller streams. Across the Amonoosuck, the town sup- ports three bridges. There are several ponds, the most noted of which is called Mink pond, lying in the S. part of the town, afiording mill seats at its outlet. The soil admits of three divisions, the mead- ows or intervals on Amonoosuck river, which are generally very productive ; tlie plain land of a light, thin soil, requiring consider- able manure er plaister to make it productive 5 and the uplands of a strong deep soil, which afford many good farms. Blueberry mountain is the principal elevation. This town for several years increased greatly in population, hhving from 1800 to 1810, nearly doubled its numbers. The Franconia iron fac- tory lies near the eastern border of this town. All the ore which sup- plies the furnace is dug from a quarry in the S.E. part of the town, about 4 miles from the furnace. Two veins of ore have been open- ed, one of which is 300 feet in length and 120 in depth. The oth- i NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 109 er lies in horizontal strata, 50 feet of wliich are under an arched roof of stone, affording a convenient shelter for the miners against the inclemency of the weather. Large quantities of limestone are found here — lime-kilns have been erected, in which are burnt 500 hogsheads of lime annually. Maple sugar is manufactured and clover seed is raised in considerable quantities. This town was first granted Aug. 6, 1763, to Joseph Burt and others by the name of Concord. Afterwards it was granted to Leonard Whiting rwd others, Nov. 20, 1768, by the name of Gunthwaite, which name it retained several years. It after- wards assumed the name of Con- cord. There is a freewill baptist society, over which Elder Joshua Quimby was ordained in Sept.1800, and a methodist society under the pastoral cave of Ozias Savage. Connecticut, lake, the source of one of the principal branches of Connecti(;ut river, is situated N. of the 1st grant to Dartmouth Col- lege, in lat. 45° 2' ; and is 5 1-2 miles in length, and 2 1-2 in widtli. It is supplied by several small streams, rising in the highlands north of the lake. CoNNECTiCTTT, river, one of the finest streams in New-England, has two principal branches, both hav- ing their origin in New-Hampshire and the mountainous tracts on the north. The head of the N. W. branch is near the extreme north- ern limit of this state. This branch originates from a chain of moun- tains which proceeds northeaster- ly to the gulf of St. Lawrence. Between its source and 45° of N. lat., it is the boundary between New-Hampshire and Lower Cana- da, and in that distance is joined by the N. E. branch. The Con- necticut extends about 170 miles on the western border of N. H., and its western shore forms th« boundary between this state and Vermont. The different directions of this river and the towns which border it in these states, may be seen by referring to the map. The breadth of the Connecticut, when it first washes Vermont is about 150 feet ; and in the course of six- ty miles, it increases to about 390 fieet. In Massachusetts and Con- necticut, the breadth may be esti- mated from 450 to 1050 feet. The depth of the channel of the river below the head of boat navigation, may be generally stated to varj from 5 to 12 feet. This river is navigable for vessels drawing ten feet water, 36 miles to Middle- town ; for small sloops 50 miles to Hartford ; and by means of canals and other improvements, it has been rendered passable for boats to the Fifteen Mile falls, 250 miles further. There are many rapids in the Connecticut. Those of Bellows Falls in Walpole are the most distinguished, for a descrip- tion of which see Bellows Falls. The falls of Queechy just below the mouth of the river Waterquee- chy from the west ; the White River falls, a little below the vil- lage of Hanover ; and the Fifteen Mile Falls, the foot of which is near the head of boat navigation, are the other most considerable rapids in this state. In its course through Massachusetts, are falls at Mon- tague and at South Hadley, and in the state of Connecticut, are En- field falls. The perpendicular height of the falls which have been overcome by dams and locks be- tween Springfield in Mass., and Hanover in N. H., a distance of 130 miles, is about 200 feet. Bars of gravel and sand extend across this river in various places, over 10 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEEll. which, boats with difficulty pass in low water. Upon one of those gravel bars between the towns of Deeriield and Montague, it is even fordable during that period. In this state, Connecticut river re- o«ives as tributary streams, Upper Amonoosuck, Lower Amonoosuck, Israel's, John's, Mascomy, Sugar, Cold, and Ashuelot rivers. From Vermont, beginning at the north boundary, it receives Nulhegan, Pasumpsick, Welis, Wait's, Om- pomponoosuck. White, Waterquee- chy, Black, William's, Sexton's, and West rivers. There are from 20 to 30 bridges over the Connec- ticut between its source and its mouth, of which there are 16 in this state. The intervals are gen- erally spread upon one or both sides of this river, nearly on a lev- el with its banks, and extending from half a mile to five miles in breadth ; but its borders are in seme places high, rocky, and pre- cipitous. With respect to its length, utility, and beauty, this is beyond ail comparison, the finest river in the eastern states, and forms, indeed, a distinguished fea- ture of the country. In the spring, it overflows its banks, and through an extent of 300 miles, forms and fertilizes a vast tract of rich mead- ow. While it advances the fertil- ity, and serves to transport the produce, it is always adding beauty and grandeur to the prospect, by fis majestic movement through an extensive country, variegated with pleasant and happy villages. CoNTOOCOOK river, a stream of considerable length and impor- tance, waters most of the towns in the W. part of the county of Hills- borough. It has its origin from several ponds in Jaffrey and Rindge, and in its course north, re- ceives numerous streams fromDub- jlin, Peterborough, Sharon, Nelson, Stoddard, Washington, Antrim, JDeering and Hillsborough. In Hillsborough it takes a N. E. and easterly direction, and proceeds through Henniker to Hopkinton, where it receives Warner and Blac'nwater rivers. From Hopkin- ton, it pursues a meandering course through Concord, and discharges itself into the Merrimack between Concord and Boscawen. Near the mouth of this river is Duston's isl- and, celebrated as the spot where Mrs. Duston destroyed several In- dians in 1698. CowwAT, post-town, Strafford county, situated on Saco river, in lat. 43° 57', bounded N. by Chat- ham and Bartlett, W. by"^ Hale's location and Burton, S. by Eaton and E. by the State line, which separates it from Brownfield and Fryeburgh, Me. — is six miles square, — contains 23,040 acres, and is 72 miles from Concord, 75 from Portsmouth, 118 from Boston and 52 from Portland. Swift river, a considerable and very rapid stream, Pequawkett river, and a stream ta- king its rise in Walker's pond, the two last affording mill privileges, discharge themselves into Saco riv- er in this town. Saco river here is from 10 to 12 rods wide and about 2 feet deep ; its current rapid and broken by falls. This river has been known to rise 27 and even 30 feet in tlie course of 24 hours. At such times, it does great injury by destroying fences and cattle, which happen to be exposed to its fury. The largest collections of wa- ter in Conway are a part of Walker's pond, and Little Pequawkett pond, which lie in the south part of the town. The latter is about 360 rods in circumference. Pine, Rattle- ! snake, and Green hills, are consid- ' erable elevations on the north-east- NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. Ill etn side of the river. There is a detached block of granite on the southern side of Pine hill — the largest perhaps in the state. A spring near tlie centre of the town on the bank of Cold brook, strong- ly impregnated with sulphur, has been visited frequently by the in- firm, and in many instances found beneficial. There are also in this town large quantities of magnesia and fuller's earth. The soil may be divided into interval, plain, and upland. The interval along the river is from 50 to 220 rods wide, and was originally covered with white pine and sugar maple. The plain, when properly cultivated, produces large crops of corn and rye. The upland is rocky and re- quires much labor to subdue it properly. The natural growth was oak, beech, and maple. The "Conway and Bartlett library" was incorporated in 1802, and con- tains 175 volumes. The congre- gational church was formed Oct, 28, 1778, by Timothy Walker, Abi- el Lovejoy, Thomas Russell and Richard Eastman. Rev. Nathan- iel Poi'ter, D. D. was settled Oct. 28, 1778, and dismissed by the church in 1815. The baptist church was formed Aug. 26, 1796 Richard R. Smith was ordained Oct. 20, 1796 ; dismissed Sept. 5 1799. Roswell Means settled Sept. 1799; dismissed June 6, 1807, Samuel Simmons hired Dec. 7 1807; continued till Jan. 28, 1811 Elder Ebenezer Bray moved to Conway and took the pastoral care of this church in April 1813. The present number of members is 55. There is also a society of mctho- dists. James and Benjamin Os- good, John DoUoff, Ebenezer Bur- bank, and some others, formed set- tlements in Conway during the years 1764, 5 and 6. Oct. 1, 1765, Daniel Foster obtained a grant of this tov/nship on condition that each grantee should pay a rent of one ear of Indian corn annually for the space of ten years if de- manded. The first proprietors* meeting was holden in Chester, Dec. 10, 1765. Thomas Meriill, who was a,lso the first justice of the peace, was chosen town and proprietors' clerk, which office he held 20 years. Ten of the origin- al shares were re-granted in 1772. Three locations on the southern ex- tremity of the town containing 2000 acres each were annexed in ISOO. Pop. 1365. Cornish, a post-township in the N. part of Cheshire county,lat. 43° 28', is bounde* N. by Plain- field, E. by Croydon, S. by Clare- mont, and W. by Windsor, Vt. containing 23,160 acres. It is 17 miles from Charlestown, 50 from Concord and 108 from Boston. Connecticut river waters the W. part of this town, and by means of a bridge, connects Cornish with. Windsor. The soil is generally fertile. The town is hilly with fae exception of that part which lies on the river. Blow-me-down and Briant's brooks are the only streams of any magnitude — these afford a few good mill privileges. The ag- ricultural products in 1820, were 28,000 lbs. of butter, 65,000 lbs. of cheese, 122,000 lbs. of beef, 155,- 000 lbs. of pork, 8,300 lbs. of flax and 1056 barrels of cider. Cor- nish was granted June 21, 1763, to Rev. Samuel McClrntock, of Green- land, and 69 others. The first meeting of the proprietors was holden at Greenland August 15, of the same year. The first meet- ing of the freeholders and other in- liabitants was holden at Cornish, March 10, 1767. The town was settled in 1765, by emigrants chief- 112 NEWHAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. ly from Sutton, Massachusetts. When they arrived, they found a camp, for many years known by the name of " Mast Camp." It was erected for the accommoda- tion of a company employed in procuring masts for the royal na- vy. The first settlers found a Mr. Dyke and his family in this camp. Capt. Daniel Putnam, afterwards a respectable inhabitant and many years clerk of the town, had resi- ded here the year previous. Cor- nish was one of the sixteen towns which seceded from New-Hamp- shire, and joined Vermont in 1778. It was in this town, that a conven- tion of delegates from several towns on both sides the river, as- •sembled Dec. 9, 1778, and agreed to make the following proposals to N. H., viz. either to agree with them on a dividing line, or to sub- mit the dispute to Congress, or to arbitrators mutually chosen. The proceedings of this town in rela- tion to the controversy with Ver- mont may be seen by referring to Collections Historical and Miscel- laneous, No. 5, for May, 1823, A congregational church was formed, and Rev. James Welman was set- tled over it in 1763. He was dis- , missed in 1785. Rev. Joseph Row- ell was ordained in Sept. 1800. A baptist church was formed June 24, 1791, and Rev. Ariel Kendrick commenced preaching here in 1801. An episcopalian society was formed in Dec. 1793, by Rev. John C. Ogden. It was incorpo- rated Dec. 24, 1795, by the name of " Trinity Church." Rev. George Leonard has been the rector sever- al years. Pop. 1701. CoRwAY Peak, or Chocorua, a mountain. See Burton. Coventry, a township in Graf- ton county, in lat. 44^ 2', is bound- ed N. by Landaff, E. by Peeling, S. by Warren, W. by Haverhill, containing 33,290 acres. It is 70 miles from Concord and 100 miles from Portsmouth. This town is watered by branches of Oliverian brook and Wild Amonoosuck riv- ers. In the S. E. part of Coven- try is one of the most considera- ble elevations in Grafton county. Moose hillock mountain ranks among the highest mountains in N. H. Owl-head mountain lies in the W. part of this town an- on the E. boundary of Haverhill. Coventry presents a rough and mountainous aspect, and the soil in several parts is not capable of cultivation. There are however some very productive/arms. This town was granted Jan. 31, 1764, to Theophilus Fitch and others, and was settled after the commence- ment of the revolutionary war. In 1790, it contained but 80 souls, and from that time to the present, the increase of population has been very slow. Pop. 315. Croydon, a township in Chesh- ire county, situated in lat. 43° 27', is bounded N. by Grantham and Springfield, E. by Springfield and Wendell, S. by Newport, and W. by Cornish. It contains 26,000 ac. ; and is 100 miles from Boston, 44 from Concord. The N. brauch of Sugar rtver waters this town, and there are several streams which is- sue from small ponds and assist in forming this branch of Sugar river. Croydon mountain is of considera- ble elevation, and extends in a N. E. direction through the town frona its S. W. extremity. There are 2 .small ponds on this mountain. The soil of Croydon is moist and rocky, but it produces excellent grass, be- sides wheat, rye, corn, &c. The agricultural products in 1820, were 22,000 lbs. of butter, 30,000 lbs. of cheese, 51,000 lbs. of beef, 75,000 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 113 lbs. of pork, 4,400 lbs. of flax, and 400 barrels of cider. The Croydon turnpike passes through nearly the centre of this town. There is a social library, which contains 170 vols. There has as yet been but one native of the town educated at college. Croydon vas granted by charter to Samuel Chase and others May 31, 1763. It was settled in 1766 by inhabitants from Grafton and Sutton, Ms. A congregational church was formed Sept. 9, 1778. Rev. Jacob Haven was ordained June 18,1788. Pop. 1060. D. Dalton, post-township, in Coos county, lat. 44° 22', is situated on the banks of the Connecticut river, directly below Lancaster, by which and Whitefield it is bounded N. E. ; S. by Bethlehem, S. W. by Littleton, N.JW. by Lunenburgh, Vt. The great, or Fifteen-Mile Falls, in this river commence in Dalton, and rush tumultuously along the north-west boundary of this town, and of Littleton and Lyman. The town is also watered by John's river and several large brooks. The western and southern parts of this town are hilly. The land in its natural state was cover- ed with a thick growth of maple, beech, birch, ash, some hemlock and spruce ; and along the borders of John's river the majestic wiiite pine abounds. The soil on the highlands is deep and well adapted to grazing — is generally good and in some parts easy of cultivation. Blake's pond, the only one in town, lies at the S. E. corner. Moses Blake and Walter Bloss were the first settlers of Dalton, and with their families, for a long time the only inhabitants. Coffin Moore was the third settler. Dalton was incorporated Nov. 4, 1784, and re- ceived its name from Hon. Tris- tram Dalton, a grantee. It com- prises an area of 16,455 acres, and has 347 inhabitants. Danbury, a township in the S. part of Grafton county, in lat. 43° 33', is bounded N. by Orange, N. E. by Alexandria, S. E. by New-Ches- ter, S. W. by Wilmot, and N. W. by Cushing's Gore and contains about 19,000 acres. It lies in the form of a diamond. It is 93 miles from Boston and 30 from Concord. This town is generally hilly, al- though there are some intervals. In the N. E. part is a large hill. The eastern section is watered by Smith's river. The Grafton turn- pike passes through the W. ex tremity. The first settlement was made in Nov. 1771, and the first settler is still living. The settle- ments were first made in the E. part of the town and have extended over the whole tract of territory excepting the N. E. Danbury was incorporated June 18, 1795, Pop, 467. Dartmouth College. S«e Gen. View, p. 21, and Hanover. Dead river, in Coos county, ri- ses in the lands N. of the traot granted to Gilmanton and Atkin- son academies, and after receiving several branches, it falls into the Margallaway river near the S. E. comer of 2d grant to Dart. College. Deerfield, post town, Rock- ingham county, lat. 43° 8', was ori-*' ginally a part of the township of Nottingham, from which it was dis- annexed and incorporated Jan. 8, 1766. It is bounded N.W.by Epsom N.by Northwood, E.by Nottingham, S. by Raymond and Candia, W. by AUenstown — and contains 28,- 254 acres. Pleasant pond, a beau- tiful body of water, lies partly in this town and partly in Northwood ; its waters are very clear, and on 114 NEW -HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. the margin, especially at the west- erly end, are large quantities of fine white floor sand. Shingle pond lies at the S. W. part of this town, and affords fish of various kinds. Moulton's pond is situated at the W. part of the town : this pond, although small, is noted on account of its having no visible inlet, and therefore is supposed to be suppli- ed by a subterraneous passage, as the water is always of nearly an equal depth ; the outlets of this pond run in opposite directions, 006 N. into Suncook river in Ep- som, and the other into Lamprey river near the centre of the town. This pond is also remarkable on account of its having been often sounded without discovering any bottom. A branch of Lamprey river passes S. and S. E. through Deerfield. The surface of this town is uneven, the soil durable, and fertile, although hard to culti- vate. The growth of wood is rock- maple, white maple, beech, birch, red oak, pine, hemlock,^ elm, and various other kinds. The Tucka- way, between Deerfield and Not- tingham, the Saddleback between Deerfield and Northwood, and Fort mountain on the W., are the prin- cipal elevations. In the W. part of this town, on the southerly side of a ridge of rocks which extend 3-4 of a mile, is a natural forma- tion in the rock, for sixty years designated as the " Indian Camp." Its sides are irregular, and the top is covered by a canopy of granite projecting about 14 feet, aftbrding a shelter from the sun and rain. On the E. side of this camp is a natural flight of steps> or stones re- sembling steps, by which persons may easily ascend to the top of the rock. This town was once a place of favorite resort for deer and otlier animals — great numbers of which were taken. While the petition for the town was pending, a Mr. Batchelder killed a deer, and pre- senting it to Gov. Wentworth, ob- tained the act under the name of Deer-Jield. The town was settled in 1756 and 1758, by John Robert- son, Jacob Smith, Isaac Shepard, Benjamin Batchelder and others. During the Indian wars, the inhabi- tants lived in garrison, but no se- rious mischiefs were experienced. The names of 18 persons from this town who died in the revolution, are preserved. The congregation- al society was formed in Dec. 1772, and Rev. Timothy Upham ordain- ed ; he died Feb. 21, 1811, aged 64. Rev. JVathaniel Wells was ordained July 1, 1812; and his church consists of 82 persons. Rev. Eliphalet Smith, a follower of Whitefield, preached here before the settlement of Mr. Upham, but afterwards removed. The baptists here have a convenient meeting- house, but no stated preacher. A freewill baptist church was form- ed May 5, 1799, and consists of about 60 members, but they have no regular preaching, Tiie num- ber of deaths in this town for the last 21 years has been 456, aver- age 22 annually. The greatest mortality was in 1815, when the spotted fever prevailed, and 55 per- sons died ; the least, in 1806, '17 and '22 — 13 only occurring in each of these years. Wid. Sarah God- frey died here Feb. 7, 1821, at the age of 100 years 5 months. Hon. Richard Jejvness, respected as a magistrate, representative, sena- tor and judge of the common pleas, died July 4, 1819, aged 73. Jo- seph Mills, an officer in Col. Cilley's regiment during the revo- lution, afterwards a magistrate and representative, died in June, 1809, aged 60. Pop. 2133. NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 115 Deering, a post-township in Hillsborougli county, in lat. 43° 4', is bounded N. by Hillsborough and Henniker,E. by Weaie, S. by Fran- cestown and Society Land, and W. by Antrim, containing 20,057 acres. It is 23 miles S. 67° W. from Con- cord, 23 from Hopkinton, and 66 from Boston. It is diversified with hills and valleys ; is well watered, and its soil is favorable for the sev- eral purposes of agriculture. There are three ponds, Dudley, Pecker's, and Fulton's. Dudley pond near the N. line, is 140 rods long, and 50 wide, and receives part of its wa ters from a pond in the south part of Henniker. Pecker's, near the centre, is 180 rods long and 65 wide. These ponds are sources of the N. branch of Piscataquog river Fulton's pond, about half a mile S. S. W. of the outlet of Pecker's pond, is 50 rods long and 20 wide. Tlie 2d N. H. turnpike, and the road from Boston to Amherst,Mont pelier and Montreal, pass through the S. W. part of this town. Be sides the enumeration in the coun ty statistical table, there is an iron factory with a trip-hammer, in which hoes are manufactured. — Pot-ashes and bricks are made in a considerable quantity. The agri cultural products for the market are principally carried to Boston and Salem. There is a social libra- ry containing 140 volumes. There is a cent society, and a number of members belonging to the N. H bi ble and missionary societies. Deer- ing was incorporated Jan. 17, 1774. The name was given by Gov. John Wentvvorth, in honor of his wife, whose name before marriage was Frances Dering or Deering. The first permanent settlement was made in 1765, by Alexander Ptobin- son. Soon after, he was followed by William Mc'Kean, William Forsaith, Thomas Aiken, William Aiken, Francis Grimes and others. The first settleis were from Am- herst, Chester, Londonderry and Newbury. Some of them are still living. A congregational church was formed by Rev.Solomon Moore and Rev.Jona. Barns,in Dec. 1789. Rev. Messrs. Gillet, C. Page, and D. Long, preached here, but neith- er were settled. A second congre- gational church was formed in 1801, over which Rev. William Sleigh was ordained Oct. 22, the same year. He was dismissed in 1807. Rev. Jabez P. Fisher, though not settled, preaches in this place. — Pop. 1415. Deer Islands, in Connecti- cut river, between Lyman and Barnet, are five in number, and were granted Jan. 16, 1769, to John Hurd of Portsmouth. The largest contains 38 acres. DiAMOivD river,>as its principal source in Diamond pond in Stew- artstown. From thence it passes through Dixville, and after receiv- ing several tributaries, falls into the Dead river near its junction with the Margallaway. Dixville, a township, in Coos county, wasgrantedin 1805and '10 to the late Col. Timothy Dix, jr. of Boscawen ; and had in the latter , year 12 inhabitants. It comprises 31,023 acres, is an uneven to«Ti- ship, and bounded N. by the grants to Dartmouth College and Atkinson and Gilmanton Academies, E. by College lands and Wcnlworth's lo- cation, S. by Millsfield and Ervin's location, W. by Columbia, Cole- brook and Stewartstown. Numer- ous streams meander through this town from the surrounding heights. There were in 1820 but hvo inhab- itants. Dorchester, a township in Grafton county, in lat. 43° 46', is 116 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. situated on the highlands between Connecticut and Merrimack rivers, 12 miles from the former, and 8 from the latter. It is bounded N. by Wentworth, E. by Groton, S. by Dame's Gore, separating it from Canaan, W. by Lime, containing 23,040 acres. It is 23 miles from Haverhill, 50 from Concord, and 90 from Portsmouth. The princi- pal streams are the S. branch of Baker's river, a branch of Masco- my, and Rocky branch. The first rises in Groton, and has aN. course through this town. On the borders of this stream are some narrow tracts of interval. The branch of Mascomy flows from Smart's pond in a S. direction to Canaan, there uniting with the principal sU'eam. There are two considerable ponds, both in the W. part, the largest of which is about 1 mile long, and one fifth of a mile wide. There are two elevations called mountains, one at the N. W. corner ; the oth- er at the S. E. extremity. The soil in some parts is very fertile ; particularly the intervals on the branch of Baker's? river. The high- lands are very uneven, and the greater part rocky. The school districts, of which there are eight, average 25 scholars to each. There are three religious societies, meth- odist, baptist, and congregational- ist. The former has a meeting- house erected in 1800. The bap- tist church and society was formed in 1819. The two first charters of ^l^s town were forfeited by the non- fulfilment of the conditions they required. The third was granted May 1, 1772, to 72 persons, and the settlement began about the same time. The first settlers were Ben- jamin Rice and Stephen Murch from Hanover, originally from Con- necticut. The settlement advan- ced slowly, and there are now large tracts of vacant land in town. Pop. 584> Dover, is one of the principal towns and shire of the county of Strafiford, in lat. 43° 12', situated about 10 miles N. W. from Ports- mouth, and lies upon the great road leading through the eastern part of the state of New-Hamp- shire from Boston to Portland. On the E., it is separated from Elliot in Maine by the Pascataqua ; has the town of Somersworth on the N. E. and N., Rochester on the N. W., Barrington on the W. and Madbury on the S. W., running to a point in the S. Its two principal streams are the Cocheco, and Bel- lamy Bank river, more commonly- called by the inhabitants Back riv- er. They take a S. E. course through the town, and unite with other waters to form the Pascata- qua. Passing over this town in any direction, the traveller finds no rugged mountains, nor extensive barren plains, but occasionally as- cends gentle swells of land, from the height of which, the eye meets some delightful object ; a winding stream, a well cultivated farm, or a distant village. In the S. part of the town is a neck of land about 2 miles long and half a mile broad, having Pascataqua on one side, and Back river on the other. Along this neck, till of late, lay the prin- cipal road leading from this town to Portsmouth. From the road on either hand, the land gradually de- scends to the rivers. It commands a very delightful, variegated, and extensive prospect of bays, adja- cent shores, and distant mountains. On this neck, the first settlement of the town was made in 1623, by a compaay in England, who styled themselves the " company of La- conia." It was their design to plant a colony, and establish a fislv NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 117 ery around the Pascataqua ; for v/liich purpose they sent over witli several others Edward and William Hilton, fishmongers, of London. These men commenced their oper- ations on the neck at a place by the Indians called JVinicliahanai, which they called J^oriham, and afterwards Dover. For several years, this spot embraced the prin- cipal part of the population of the town ; here was erected the first meeting-house, afterwards surroun- ded with an entrenchment, and flankatts, the remains of which are still visible ; here the people of what is now7 called Somersvvorth, Durham, Lee, and Madbur}^ then Dover, assembled to worship, and to transact their public business. In process of time, the business and population of tht town began to centre around Cocheco fails, about 4 miles N. W. from the neck. These falls are in the river whose name they bear, and give to the water that passes over them a sudden descent of 32 1-2 feet. — Situate at the head of navigation, about 12 miles from the ocean, hav- ing a fertile country on the north, west, and south, they are consi'ier- ed among the most valuable in New-England. Around these falls the present village of Dover is sit- uated. It contains about 100 dwel- ling-houses, 2 meeting-houses, a court-house, jail, academy, 1 print- ing office, a library, bank, and man- ufactories of various kind?. The academy is pleasan^^ly situated on the S. bank of th.e Cocheco, bulk of brick, and well adapted for the accommodation of two schools. At present it is struggling with the dif- ficulties attending a want of funds. The newspapers published in Dov- er have been the " Political P.epos- itory Sz Strafford Recorder," c-mi- menced July 15, 1790; discontin- L2 ued Jan. 19, 1792. "The Phosnix," from Jan. 23,1 792, to Aug. 29, 1 795. "The Sun," &c. commenced Sept. 5, 1795, and was succeeded by the "Strafford Register" in . T'lie " JS'^ew- Hampshire Republican,'" by Chas. W. Cutter, commenced Jan. 8, 1823. The library here belongs to an incorporated society, and con- tains about 350 volumes. The j>jin- cipal manufactories in this place be- long to a company of gentlemen in- corporated in 1820, and styled the " Dover Cotton Factory Company." Tiieir capital is $500,000. About 3 miles above Cocheco falls, on tiie same stream, they have a cotton factory, which carries 2,500 spin- dles, employs 86 looms, 120 persons, and produces per week 10,000 yds. sheeting and shirting. At the falls a brick building was erected in 1820 to be used as a rolling and slitting- mill, a nail factory and a machine shop. About 1000 tons of iron are here rolled and slit, and 700 tons manufactured into nails annually. A new factory has just been erfct- ed, designed to contain 4,000 spin- dies, 120 or 130 looms, and calcula- ted to produce, when in operation, 20,000 yards per week. Near this, are six sites for factories or mills, equally as good as those now occu- pied. That these factories, and oth- ers in contemplation, ..will exert an important influence on the business and wealth of the town, is confi- dently expected. The friends were established iiere at an early period, and formerly comprised about one third of the population. The con- gregational society is the most an- cient of any in Dover. The church with which it is united in the sup- port of public worship was organiz- ed in 1633, about 15 years after the first settlement of the town. Accor- ding to the usage of many churches at that time, it elected as officers a 118 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. pastor, ruling elders and deacons. IVo account is found of ruling eld- ers in the church here later than 1662. At that time there were three — Nutter, Wentworth and Starbuck Wentworth preached occasionally and was ancestor to the several gov ernors of the name. There being no well defined and efficient gov ernment, civil or ecclesiastical, a- dopted by those who first settled N. Hampshire, the people of Dover were subject to a variety of trou- bles, — not the least considerable of which originated immediately from the character of their ministers. The first who appeared among them and probably the first who preach- ed the gospel in New-Hampshire, was Mr. Leveiich, a worthy puri- tan. He was sent from England by the Lords Say and Brooke, with a promise of support ; but tlie en- couragement given proving too small, he removed to the south. — Between the period of his removal and 1642, we find as preachers here George Burdet, Hanserd Knollys and Thos. Larkham ; all of whom appear to have been destitute of a moral character. Being relieved of these men, the people were for some time destitute of preaching. In 1642, Daniel Maud, a pious min- ister, was settled, who died in 1655. He was succeeded by Rev. John Reyner, who came from England, and was minister of the church at Plymouth from 1636 till 1654. He continued at Dover until his death, April 3, 1669. His successor vi^as Rev. John Reyner, jun., who grad- uated at Harvard College in 1663 ; was ordained in 1671. Rev. John Pike was his successor, and died in March, 1710. Rev. Nicholas Sever succeeded, but was soon dis- missed on account of an impedi- ment in his speech. Rev. Jonathan Gushing was ordained Sept. 1717; died March, 1769. Rev. Jeremy Belknap, the historian of New- Hampshire, was ordained colleague with Mr. Gushing Feb, 1767 ; and in 1786, was dismissed, and remov- ed to Boston. Rev. Robert Gray was ordained Feb. 1787; removed May,1805. Rev.Galeb H.Sherman, ordained May, 1807, was dismissed May, 1812 ; "at which time Rev. Joseph W. Clary was ordained. The methodist society in this town was incorporated in 1819. This town in its early years was greatly frequented by the Indians ; acd ex- perienced many sufferings in their repeated attacks upon the inhabit- ants. In 1675, Maj. Waldron by a stratagem secured about 200 In- dians at Dover, who had at times exhibited signs of hostility. Seven or eight of them, who had been guilty of some atrocities, were im- mediately hanged, and the rest sold into slavery. The Indians abroad regarded this act of Waldron as a breach of faith, and swore against him implacable revenge. In 1689, after a lapse of 13 years, they de- termined to execute their project. Previous to the fatal night (27th of June) some hints had been thrown out by the squaws, but they were either misunderstood or disregard- ed ; and the people suffered them to sleep in their garrisons as usual. In the stillness of night the doors of the garrisons were opened, and the Indians, at a concerted signal, rose from their lurking places, and nish- ed upon the defenceless inhabit- ants. Waldron, though 80 years of age, made a gallant defence, but was overwhelmed by the superior numbers of his adversaries, who literally cut him to pieces. In this affair, 23 persons were killed, and 29 made prisoners. Jan. 25, 1691, a young man in the woods near Do- ver was fired upon by a party of NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 119 Indians. A body of citizens imme- diately went in pursuit, and killed or wounded nearly the whole party. This excited a temporary terror a- mong the Indians ; but,July 26th, 1696, they attacked the people re- turning from worship, 3 were killed, several wounded and taken prison- ers. In Aug. 1704, Mark Giles was killed, and the people waylaid on their return from meeting. In 1706, William Pearl and Nathaniel Tib- bets were killed ; and in 1710, Ja- cob Garland met a similar fate. In the spring of 1711, this town was a- gain attacked by the Indians ; and I in April, 1712, a Mr. Tuttle was' killed. Aug. 29, 1723, the Indians again made their appearance at Do- ver, surprised the house of Joseph Ham, whom they killed, taking 3 of his children into captivity. As the particulars of the Indian attacks upon the inhabitants of this town are faithfully related by Dr. Bel- knap, whose history should be in the hands of every reader, we deem it unnecessary, even had we room, to go into detail. Garrison houses, having narrow windows, port holes, a projecting upper story and walls of solid timbers, are yet standing in Dover quite entire. Pop. about 3000. DrewSville, a pleasant village on Connecticut river, in the town of Walpole, containing 30 dwelling houses, 250 inhabitants i a large cotton factory in successful opera- tion, 3 stores, a school-house, a spa- cious hotel, and a post-office. Fif- teen years since, the place where this neat and pleasant village is sit- uated, contained but a single dwel- ling, surrounded by pines and oaks, and presenting to the eye of the traveller the secluded retreat of a hermit. Dublin, a post-township in Cheshire county, in lat. 45° 54', is bounded N. by Nelson and Han- cock, E. by Peterborough, S. by JafFrey, W. by Marlborough and Roxbury, containing 26,560 acres. It is 10 miles from Keene, 50 from Concord and 70 from Boston. — Dublin is situated on the height of land between Connecticut and Merrimack rivers. Its streams are small ; those on the W. side run into the Ashuelot, those on the E. into Contoocook river. There is a pond near the middle of the town called Centre pond, one mile in length and about the same in breadth. In the N. part is North pond. A large pori*on of the Grand Monadnock lies in the N. W. part of Dublin, and near the centre of the town is Breed's mountain. — Monadnock v)fes formerly covered with a growth of small timber and shrubbery, but fires having run over it at different times, it presents lit- tle more than ragged rocks. Be- tween the rocks,however, there are low whortleberry bushes, which produce great quantities of fruit of a very rich flavor. The season for ripening is the latter part of Aug- ust, and to those who ascend the summit at this season, they are pe- culiarly grateful. The soil is rocky and hard of cultivation. The land in general is much better for graz- ing than tillage. There is a hand- some congregational meeting-house built in 1818, standing on such an elevation, that the rain which falls from the W. roof runs into the Con- necticut, and that from the E. roof into the Merrimack. The baptist meeting-house is in the N. W. part of the town. There are 10 school districts, which average about 50 scholars to each district. The late Rev. Edward Sprague bequeathed nearly 8000 dollars for the support of public schools, the annual inter- est of which is to be applied to this 120 NEW-HAM /SHIRE GAZETTEER. object. He also left the town ^5000, the interest of which paid quarterly, is to be applied to the support of an ordained congrega- tional minister who shall statedly preach in Dublin. Besides this liberal provision for the support of the gospel.the town has $3000 aris- ing from the -sale of ministerial lands, and the interest of this sum is to be applied to the same purpose. There is a social library, incorpora- ted in 1797, and containing 110 volumes. There is a ladies' libra- ry instituted in 1802,containing 140 volumes. The Dublin musical so- ciety was incorporated in June, 1821. Dublin, originally called J\Io- nadnock JVo. 3, was granted Nov. 3, 1749 to Matthew Thornton, Samp- son Stoddard and others. It was incorporated by charter, March 29, 1771. The first settlements wcreinI762by John Alexander, Henry Strongman, and William Scott, who were natives of Ireland, from the capital of x\hich country, the town was called Dublin. Other settlers, principally from Massachu- sotts, soon arrived, of whom u'ere Thomas, John and Eli Morse, Ben- jamin Mason, Samuel Twitchell, Moses Adams, Silas Stone, and William McNee. The congrega- tional church was formed June 10, 1772, and Rev. Joseph Farrar was ordained at the same time. He xva.s dismissed Jan. 7, 1776. Rev. Edward Sprague was ordained No- vember 12, 1777, and died Dec. 16, 1817, aged 63. Rev. Levi W. Leonard was ordained Sept. 6, 1820. The baptist church was or- ganized Nov. 5, 1785. Rev. KtijaJi Vf'^illard was ordained June 5, 1793. This church is composed of mem- bers belonging to Dublin and sever- al of the adjacent towns. The following persons have received a pub ic education, all at Dartmouth. Asa Bullard, 1793 ; Amos Twitch- ell, 1802 ; Amos Allen, 1808 ; Eb- enezer Morse, 1810 ; Samuel Morse, 1811 ; Thomas Hardy, 1812 ; Daniel Elliot, 1813. The number of deaths for 6 years prece- ding 1822, was 94. Pop. 1620. DuMMEB., township, Coos co. is in lat. 44° 37', bounded N. by Mills- field and Errol, E. by Cambridge, S. by Paulsburgh, W. by Kilkenny, and comprises 23,040 acres. It was granted March 8, 1773, to Mark H. Wentworth, Nathaniel A. Haven and others ; is watered by the Am- onoosuck and Ameriscoggin ; and contains but 27 inhabitants. Dumbarton, a post-township in Hillsborough county,' in lat. 43° 5', is bounded N. by Hopkinton and Bow. E. by Bow and Hooksett, S. by Gofistown and W. by Weare, containing about 21,000 acres. It is 7 miles from Hopkinton, 9 from Concord, and 65 from Boston. The situation of this town is some- what elevated, though there are hut few hills, nor any mountains. The air is clear, the water is good, and the health of its inhabitants is seldom interrupted by sickness. The forest trees are principally chesnut, pine and oak. The soil is good, peculiarly suited for corn, wheat and orcharding. Almost ev- ery lot in town is capable of mak- ing a good farm. The farmers here have good buildings and are excel- lent husbandmen. There are few towns in the county, in passing j through which, we see so many good houses as in Dunbarton. The ad- vantages in point of water privileg- es are not great. There is a social library incorporated in 1793, con- taining about 180 volumes. There are several charitable and religious associations. The inhabitants are principally descendants of Scotch Irish, so called, from the N. of Ire» NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 121 land. Most of the first settlers came from Londonderry in this state, but several were originally from Scotland and Ireland. Their posterity still retain many traits of character peculiar to that people. Dunbarton was granted in 1751, to Archibald Stark, Caleb Page and others, by the Masonian Proprie- tors. It was first called Starks- Town, in honor of the principal proprietor. Its present name is derived from Dumbarton in Scot- land, from whence Stark emigrated. The first settlement was made a- bout 1749, by Joseph Putney, James Rogers, William Putney and Oba- diah Foster. These families settled in the E. part of the town. Capt. Caleb Page, from that part of Ha- verhill, now Atkinson, was one of the first settlers — was proprietors' clerk many years, and held several of the first offices in town after it was incorporated. Archibald Stark resided in Manchester. He was a man of considerable influence and possessed a large landed property. Two of his sons, William and Arch- ibald, were early settlers. Wil- liam held several civil offices and was colonel of the militia. Wil- liam Stinson was born in Ireland, came to Londonderry with bis fa- ther. He was much respected and was a useful man. James Rogers was from Ireland, and father to Major Robert Rogers. He was shot in the woods, being mistaken for a bear. [See Hist. Collections Vol. 1, p 240.] The congregation- al church was formed June 18, 1789, by Rev. Messrs. Waters and Cram. Rev. Walter Harris was ordained August 26, 1789. There have been two periods of attention to religion in this place, viz. in 1792—3, when 80 were added to the church, and in 1816, when there was an increase to its number of 40. Pop. 1450. Dunstable, a post-township in Hillsborough county, inlat. 42° 44', is bounded N. by the town of Mer- rimack, E. by' Merrimack river, which separates it from Notting- ham-West, S. by Tyngsborough and Dunstable, Ms. and W. by HoUis, containing 18,878 acres. It is 13 miles from Amherst, 34 from Con- cord, and 34 from Boston. The soil has considerable variety. It is easy of cultivation, and is general- ly productive. The east part of the town lying on the river presents a very level surface. The W. parts are more divided into hills and valleys, but the whole township may be considered far from being hilly or mountainous. It is wa- tered by the Nashua river, a fer- tilizing stream, which rises in the state of Massachusetts, and Sal- mon-Brook, a small stream which originates from several ponds in Groton. Both of these empty into Merrimack river, the former at Nashua village, the latter about one and a half miles below. On Sal- mon brook are 2 grist mills, 1 saw mill, 1 fulling mill, and 4 tripham- mer shops, at which are annually manufactured 1500 dozen of hoes, besides scytiies, axes, &c. The road form Boston to Amherst pas- ses through this town nearly paral- lel with the Merrimack. There is a handsome meeting house, erected in 1812, and a number of dwelling houses, which constitute a pleasant village. In the N. E. part of the town on Nashua river is the largest village in town, and the place of greatest business. (See JVashua Village.) There is a library con- taining about 300 volumes. Dun- stable is the oldest town in Hillsbo- rough county. It was granted about the year 1672 to five individuals, 122 NEW.HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. and included Litchfield, a cornerj of Londonderry, Nottingham- West, Tyngsborough and Dunstable in Mass., Pepperell, as far as the orig- inal line of Groton, Townsend, Hollis, Brookline, and all that part of Milford, Amherst and Merri- mack, S. E. of Souhegan river. It was settled about the time it was granted. Its name was given in compiinient to Mrs.Tyng, who, it is SHid, came from Dunstable, in Bed- fordsiiire, Eng. Her hust)and, the Hon. Edward Tyng, emigrated to New-England about 1630 ; settled in Dunstable soon after its incor- poration, and died in Dec. 1681, aged 90. The names of Weld, Blanchaid,\Valdo,Cumings,French, Lovewell, Farwcll, Lund and Col- burn were among the early inhab- itants of the town, which, in 1680, contained 30 families. Dunstable was for a long time a frontier town, and the first settlers were many times annoyed by the Indians in the successive wars in which this country was engaged with them. In the war with the famous Narra- ganset sachem, this town was much exposed, and some of the inhabit- ants fled to older settlements. In the spring of 1702, the town was attacked, and several persons, with the Rev. Thomas Weld, the fust minister, were killed. In 1724, two men being missing, a scout of eleven went in quest of them, who were faed upon by thirty of the en- emy, and nine of them were killed. The other two made their escape, though one of theni was badly wounded. In Lovewell's war, the company from this town under the brave Capt. John Lovewell, acqui- red an imperishable name. Their successes at first and misfortu..es afterwards have been often repeat- ed and are generally known. They vjexe for many years kept in fresh remembrance by a popular song, which, after the lapse of a century, has not yet sunk into oblivion. From this homely effusion of grat- itude to the memory of such hero- ic spirits, the praises of the "worthy Capt. Lovewell" and his coadju- tors, often resounded from the hum- ble cottage of the poor and the stately mansion of the opulent. Dunstable belonged to Massachu- setts till the divisional line between the two provinces of Mass. and N. H. were settled in 1741. It was incorporated by N. H. April 1, 1746. The congregational church was gathered in 1685. Its original members were Ptev. Thomas Weld, j Jonathan Tyng, John Cumings, jjohn Blanchard, Cornelius Waldo, i Samuel Warner, Obadiah Perry and Samuel French. Rev. Thom- las Weld, from Roxbury, who grad- luated at Harvard College in 1671, .was ordained Dec. 16, 1685, and was killed by the Indians in April I or May, 1702. Rev. Nathaniel i Prentice, who graduated at Har- vard College in 1715, was the suc- cessor of Mr. Weld. He died Feb. 25,1737. Rev. Josiah Swan, who graduated at Harvard college in 1733, was ordained Dec. 27, 1738, and was dismissed in 1746 Rev. Simon Bird, from Dorchester, was ordained Aug. 31, 1747; dismissed 1751. The settlement of Mr. Bird caused a division in the church and town. A new church was formed, and another meeting house erected. After his dismission the two church- es were united. Rev. Joseph Kid- der, from Billerica, a graduate from Yale College in 1764, was the next minister. He was ordained March 18,1767; his civil contract was dissolved June 15, 1796; he died Sept. 6, 1818, aged 77. Rev. Eb- enezer P. Sperry was ordained as colleague with Mr. Kidder, Sept. 3, NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 123 1813, and dismissed in April, 1819. Hon. Jonathan Blanchard, who was a delegate from N. Hamp- shire to the continental congress, during the confederation of the states, was a native and resident in this town. In conjunction with the Rev. Dr. Langdon, he published a map of New-Hampshire, which was inscribed to the Hon. Charles Townsend, Esq., his Majesty's sec- retary at war, and one of the privy council. He was the judge of pro- bate in Hillsborough county, and was much in public business till his death in 1788. Pop. 1142. DuRAND, an incorporated town- ship in tlie county of Coos, lat. 44°22'is situated directly under the north end of the White Mountains its S. E. corner boundmg on the base of Mount Madison, the E. peak of the range. It has Maynes- borough on the N.,Shelburne E.,and Kilkenny W. It contains about 26,680 acres. Branches of Israel's and Moose rivers pass through Du- rand. The soil is in some parts good, but the town increases slow- ly in its settlements. It was grant- ed Aug. 20, 1772, to John Durand and others, of London. Joseph Wilder and Stephen Jillson were the first settlers. Pop. 78. DuRHAM,a post-town in Strafford CO., adjoining Rockingham, in lat. 43° 7',is bounded N.E. by Madbury, E. and S. E. by Little and Great Bays, S. by New-Market, and W. by Lee, comprising 14,970 acres. The situation of this town upon the Pascataqua and its branches, is very favorable both as to water power and transportation. Oys- ter river, one of the branches of the Pascataqua, issues from Wheel Wright's pond in Lee, and after run- ing nearly its whole course in Du ham, furnishing in its progress sever- al convenient mill seats.falls into the main river near Pascataqua bridge. The tide flows in this branch up to the falls near the meeting-house in the village, where business to a large amount is annually transac- ted. This village contains 68 dwelling-houses, and about 550 in- habitants ; and is a very central depot for the lumber and produce of the adjacent country ; the water carriage hence to Portsmouth being as convenient as from the head of the tide of any other branch of the Pascataqua. Lamprey river, anoth- er branch of the Pascataqua, runs through the westerly part of this town over several falls remarkably well adapted for mill seats into the town of New-Market, where it falls into the Great Bay. The soil of this town is generally hard and sto- ny, lying for the most part through- out the town upon a chain of gran- ite ledges, which appear to be of primitive formation — but where it meets with proper cultivation, it is very productive in the usual crops adapted to this climate. Upon both sides of Oyster river, a deep argillaceous loam prevails, which is peculiarly favorable to the pro- duction of the grasses, of which very heavy crops are cut, and hay is an article of considerable export. The extensive ledges before allu- ded to have been the source of much profitable employment to the inhabitants of this town. From the excellent quality of the stone, the skill with which it is prepared, and the convenience of water car- riage, there has been a constant de- mand from many of the neighbor- ing towns for underpinning, step?, mill-stones, Slc. A large block of detached granite in the southeast part of this town was formerly pla- ced in a very singular situation. Its weight was 60 or 70 tons, and it was poised so exactly upon two 124 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. other stones as to be visibly moved 1 by the wind. It was some years i since dislodged from this extraor dinary position by the barbarous curiosity of some visitors, who after much labor succeeded in pry- ing it from its balance by levers. About one half of that part of Pascataqua bridge N. of Goat Isl- and is within the limits of this town. The town is very well ac- eoramodated with other bridges and roads. Durham was original- ly a part of Dover, and included in Hilton's patent ; but soon after its settlement was formed into a distinct parish by the name of Oys- ter river, from the stream which passes through it. From the abun- dance of excellent oysters found in its waters, this river probably de-j rived its name, and it was a famous] rendezvous of the Indians, eepec ially at the point about a mile from the junction of Oyster river with the Pascataqua. In September, 1675, the Indians made an attack at Oys- ter river, burned two houses, kill- ed several men and carried away two captives. Two days after this attack they made another, destroy- ed several houses and killed two persons. In 1694, when a large part of the inhabitants had march- ed to the westward, the Indians who were dispersed in the woods about Oyster river, having diligent- ly observed the number of men in one of the garrisons, rushed upon eighteen of them, as they were go- ing to their morning devotions, and having cut off their retreat to the house put them all to death except one, who fortunately escaped. They then attacked the house, in which there were only two boys beside the women and children. The boys kept them off for some time and wounded several of them. At length the Indians set fire to the house and even then the boys would not surrender till the Indians had promised to spare their lives. The latter however perfidiously mur- dered throe or four children, one of whom they fixed upon a sharp j stake in the view of its mother. The women and children were car- iried captive, but one of the boys made his escape the next day. The next spring the Indians narrowly watched the frontiers to determine the safest and most vulnerable points of attack. The settlement at Oyster river was selected for destruction. Here were twelve garrisoned houses, amply sufficient for the reception of the inhabitants, but not apprehending any danger, many of the families remained in their unfortified houses, and those who were in the garrisons were but indifferently prepared for a siege, as they were destitute of powder. The enemy approached the place undiscovered and halted near the falls. One John Dean, whose house stood near the falls, happening to rise very early for a journey before the dawn of day, was shot as he came out of his door. The attack now commen- ced on all points, where the ene- my was ready. Of the twelve garrisoned houses five were des- troyed, Adams,' Drew's, Edgerly's, Meader's, and Beard's. The en- emy entered Adams' without resis- tance, where they murdered four- teen persons, whose graves can still be traced. Drew surrendered his garrison on promise of securi- ty, but he was put to death. One of his children, only nine years old, was compelled to run through a line of Indians as a mark for their hatchets. Edgerly's garrison was evacuated, the people having fled to their boats, one of whom was mortally wounded in attempting to NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 125 escape. Beard's and Meader's were also evacuated and their in- habitants escaped. The unfortifi- ed houses were all set on fire, the people being either put to death or captured in them. Some escaped, concealing themselves in the bush- es and elsewhere. Thomas Edg- erly having hid himself in his cel- lar preserved his house, though it was twice set on fire. The house of John Buss the minister was des- • troyed, together with his valuable library. He was absent at the time, and his wife and family fled to the woods. Many other cruel- ties were perpetrated, when the Indians fearing that the inhabitants from the neighboring settlements would collect against them, retreat- ed, having killed or captured be- tween 90 and 100 persons and des- troyed 20 houses, 5 of which were garrisoned. In 1703, the Indians made another incursion and killed one man. In 1704, several per- sons were murdered bv them ; and in 1705, a small party attacked the house of John Drew, where they put eight people to death and wounded several others. May 22, 1707, two men were captured from Durham, and two others were mur- dered as they were on a journey from that tov/n to Dover. In Sep- tember following, a party of Mo- hawks attacked a company of peo- ple, who were at work in the woods under the direction of Capt. Ches- ley. At the first fire they killed 7 and wounded another. Chesley, with his few surviving companions, continued a brisk fire on the ene- my, and for some time kept them off, but at length fell, overpowered by numbers. He was deeply la- mented as Ji brave officer. In 1724, the Indians made another in- cursion into this town, formed an nmbush near the road and murdereci' M several persons. Minute accounts of these disasters are given in Bel- knap's Hist. N. H., to which the reader is referred. The first preach- er who statedly officiated in Dur- ham was John Buss ; but he never was ordained. He died 1736, at the age of 108. Rev. Hugh Adams set- tled March 26, 1 7 1 8 ; dismissed 1 739. Rev. Nicholas Oilman settled in 1741; died 1748. Rev. John Ad- ams settled 1748 ; dismissed 1778. Rev. Curtis Coe settled Nov. 1, 1780; dismissed 1806. Rev. Fed- eral Bv,rt was ordained June 18, 1817. There are also methodist and baptist societies in this town. Durham social library was incorpo- rated June 20, 1815, and contains upwards of 400 volumes. The av- erage number of deaths for ten years is 16. Maj. Gen. John Sul- livan, of the revolutionary army, was a resident of this town, and died here Jan. 23, 1795. He was a native of Berwick, Me. ; was a distinguished commander during the war ; was president of the state three years, and afterwards district judge of N. H. On all oc- casions, he proved himself the fijrm supporter of the rights of the coun- try. Hon. Ebbnezer Thomp- SOS' was a native of this town. He sustained several offices dur- ing the revolution, and was an ef- ficient legislator and a respectable lawyer. Col. Winborn Adams, of the revolutionary army, was a citizen of Durham. Hon. George FFROST.of this town was a delegate in Congress for 1776, 7 and 9 ; a judge of the common pleas in Straf- ford, and subsequently chief jus- tice of that court. He died at Durham, June 21, 1796, aged 77. Durham was incorporated May 13, 1738. Pop. in 1820—1538. im NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. E. East-Kingston, a township, in Eockingham county, in lat, 42° 57', is bounded N. by Exeter, E. by Kensington, S. by South-Hampton, W. and N. W. by Kingston, of which it formerly constituted a part — containing about 3 square miles. Its soil is of an excellent quality, and well adapted to the cultivat'ion of grain and grass. Powow river crosses the S. W. part of this town, having its sour- ces in the ponds of Kingston. The town was incorporated Nov. 17, 1738. Among the first settlers were William and Abraham Smith, who settled near the centre of the town. Rev. Peter Coffin was set- tled here in 1739 ; and was dismis- sed in 1772 — since which time they have had no stated preaching. They have a meeting-house, and several school-houses ; also mills and machinery sufficient for the use of the inhabitants. Pop. 443. Eaton, post-township, Strafford county, in lat. 43° 53', ; 71 railss from Concord, 41 from Gilford, 71 from Portsmouth ; is bounded N. by Conway, W. by Burton and Tamworth, S. by Ossi' ee and Ef- fingham, E. by the state of Maine, and comprises 33,637 acres. The soil of the uplands, which are quite uneven, is moderately good, and the plains furnish excellent pine- timber. There are no rivers in this town ; the mill streams are fed principally by springs and small brooks. Six mile pond is in this town, and is about 3 miles long and from one half to one mile in width "—its waters discharge into Ossipee lake. There are several other smaller ponds in this town. Eaton was granted Nov. 7, 1766, to Clem ent March and 65 others. A bap- tist church was formed here in 1800, which has now become ex- tinct. There are two free-will bap- tist societies, the first organized in 1803, the latter in 1821. There is a woollen factory for making sal- tinetts, &c. and several mills. Pop. 1071. This town is the only in- stance in the state where the pop- ulation has doubled within the last ten years. Iron ore in considera- ble quantity, exists among the ledg- es in this town, and is judged to be of good quality. Effingham, post-town, Straf- ford county, in lat. 43° 44^, is bounded N.,W. & S.W. by Ossipee, S. by Wakefield,E. by Parsonsfield, Me., and contains about 34,900 acres. There are several moun- tains of considerable elevation in this towru The Ossipee river pas- ses through this town, over which is a toll-bridge. There is a pond about 400 rods long and 270 wida» situated near this river. Province pond lies between Effingham and Wakefield. Effingham was settled a lew years prior to the revolution. It was then known by the name of LeaviWs Town. In 1775, it con- tained no more than 83 inhabita»ts. It was incorporated Aug. 18, 1778. Rev. Gideon Burt was settled pver the congregational church in 1803 ; dismissed in 1805; and the church is now vacant. A baptist chui'ch was formed here in 1808, and con- sists of 72 members. The Effing- ham academy was incorporated in 1819, and is a respectable institu- tion. Pop. 1563 Ellis' river, rises on the E. side of the White Mountains, In sever- al small streams, near the sources of Peabody river ; and separaiing ivuo two streams which unite ia Adams, it falls into the Saco a* Bartlelt. NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 127 Ellsworth, township, in Graf- ton county, in lat. 43° 54', is boun- ded N. by Peeling, E. by Thornton, S. by Rumney, and W. by War- ren, containing 16,606 acres. It is 52 miles from Concord and 84 from Portsmouth. It is a mountainous tract of territory — the most prom- inent elevation is Carr's mountain, situated in the N. and extending to the central part of the town. A small stream issues from West Branch pond in the S. E. part of Ellsworth, and runs into the Pem- igewasset at Campton. The soil, though in some parts sterile pro- duces wheat, rye, corn, oats, &c. The forest trees are various kinds, having a considerable proportion of hard wood. Maple sugar is made here, and clover seed is rai- sed in considerable quantities. This town, formerly called Tre- iothick, w^ granted May 1, 1769, to Barlow Trecothick. There is a small baptist society, over which Israel Blake has presided. Pop. 213. Enfield, a post town in the S. W. part of Grafton county, in lat. 43° 36', is bounded N.E. by Ca- naan, S. E. by Grafton, S. W. by Grantham, and W. by Lebanon, comprising 24,060 acres, of which about 2500 acres are water. It is ;[2 miles S. E. from Dartmouth Col- lege, 42 miles from Concord, and 105 from Boston. Its surface is fliiversified with hills and valleys, *nd watered by a variety of ponds and streams, stored with fish of every species common to the coun- try. Mascomy pond, which has ac- quired from travellers the appella- tion of Pleasant pond, is a beautiful collection of water, 4 miles in length and of various breadth, in- terspersed with islands and check- ered with inlets. Its eastern banks are eoyered with trees, which, as the hill ascends, gradually rise one above another for some distance. Along the western bank, betweea the pond and Mont Calm, within a fewrodsofthe water, extends the 4th N. H. turnpike, the whole dis- tance through a beautiful village, shaded to the north on either side by a second growth of trees. Mas* corny river, which takes its rise in Dorchester, and runs through Ca* naan, empties into this pond in the N. W. part. It is supposed to have been once much higher than it now is, and the plain and villages to the south, are supposed to have been the bed of it. This fact is sufficient- ly evident from the ancient shore still remaining round the pond, a- bout 30 feet above high water, and from logs having been frequently found 12feet below the surface of the plain once flowed. Its fall appears to have been sudden, by an altera- tion of the outlet. On the W. bank near the southern extremity, is the, Shaker's settlement, too much re- marked to need particular descrip- tion. It is raised on a fertile plain : the structure of the buildings,though not lofty, are neat and convenient : the inhabitants are peculiar in their manners and dress, in their econo- my and religion. They occupy ab- bout 1000 acres of land, and their number consists of about 200. — Fifty-eight persons have died since the formation of the society. — They are agriculturalists and me* chanics. Garden seeds, wooden ware, whips, corn brooms, leather, and various other articles are man- ufactured by them. They first made their appearance here in ■ 1782. They were gathered into the order of a church in 1792, under the ministration of Elder Job Bish- op. The religious sentiments of the different branches of this com- munity are similar, and the reader 12S NEWHAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. will find a more particular notice (see page 92,) under ttie head of Gaaterbury. In the east part of the town is East pond, 1 1-2 miles long and 3-4 of a mile wide. Mud pond is mostly in Canaan. Besides these, there are Spectacles pond, so called from its figure; George pond, and Mountain pond, on the summit of Mont Calm, 200 rods long, and 100 rods wide. At the outlets of these ponds are mills. — At the base of Mont Calm, a moun- tain in the southerly part of the town, iron ore has been found, which has be«n pronounced by Professor Dana to be of an excellent quality. The town was formerly called Relhan, and was incorpora- ted by charter, granted to Jedediah Dana and others, July 4th, 1761. — The first settlers were Nathaniel Picknell, Jonathan Paddleford and Elisha Bingham. Elias, the son of the last named, was the first male child born in town. The congrega- tional church had Rev. Edward Ev- ans for the first minister. He was settled in Dec. 1799; dismissed in, 1805. A free will baptist church was formed July 31, 1816, over which Elder John Sweat presided about 5 years. Elder Ebenezer Chase took charge of tliis church, Jan. 1, 1822, and of the Religious Union Society, formed at that time under the late act of the legislature. "The Religious Informer," and the '"'Masonic Casket," both conducted by Elder Ebenezer Chase, are pub- lished in this town. Jesse John- son, Esq. was among the first set- tlers, was a member of the legisla- ture and a justice of the peace till his death in 1800. The late Hon. Jesse Johnson, his son, was the first justice of the peace appointed in Enfield, the first representative to the legislature, and one of the 6r8t settlers. He was an intelligent and useful citizen. He came to this town when 17 years of age. — When 21, he was elected towa clerk,selectraan, representative,and was appointed justice of the peace. He was afterwards a member of the state- convention, which formed the constitution of N. H. ; judge of probate, and judge of the court of common pleas. He died Sept. 23, 1816, aged 53. Pop. 1370. Epping, a post-town, in the coun- ty of Rockingham, lat. 43° 3', lies 30 miles S. E. of Concord, 20 miles W. of Portsmouth, and 8 miles N. W. of Exeter, It is bounded on theN. by Nottingham and Lee, E. by New Market, Exeter and Brent- wood, S. by Brentwood and Poplin, and W. by Raymond and Notting- ham, ft was formerly a part of Exeter, and was incorporated Feb. 12, 1741 ; and in 1742 the inhabi- tants held their first meeting. The town contains 12,760 acres, being nearly 20 square miles. The soil, in general, is very good, and well suited to raise the various produc- tions that grow in the state. Lam- prey river, at the v/est, receives the Patu^kaway, and runs through the whole length of the town. Anoth- er river runs through the N. part of the town, and from that circum- stance is called North river. The principal roads are in good repair ; and the town is gradually making them better. By observations ta- ken at 6 in the forenoon, at 1 and 9 o'clock in the afternoon, from Fahrenheit's thermometer placed in the open air, 13 feet from the ground, and where the sun does not shine on the thermometer, the annual average of heat for 10 years ending 1818 was 44 1-12°. During that period the annual average that fell of [feet, inches, 10 20 40 80] rain, was 2 10 6 1 & of snow, 6 7 2 1 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. In September 1783, the town con- tained 201 dwelling-houses, and 21K) baj'ns and framed buildings. The congregationalists, quakers, baptists and methodists have now each a meeting-house. The first house of this kind was raised in the year 1750. The number of inhabitants are fewer than they were 40 years since. This is not owing to sickness or mortality, but to emigration. Most of the peo- ple are industrious, frugal agricul- turalists; the price of land, for many years, has been higher than in the adjacent towns ; and when a farm is sold, which is but seldom, it is usually divided amongst the adjoining neighbors : of course the number of inhabitants as well as farms has diminished. Pop, in 1820, 1158. The present popula- tion is 58 to the square mile. With- in the last ten years the number of deaths in town has been 161, aver- aging 16 in a year. Though one fourth of the number died under ten years, the ages of the whole averaged 36 years and 4 months to each person. The town is divi- ded into 8 school districts ; and there is a school house in each district suited to the accommoda- tion of the scholars. The money for the support of schools is raised by a town lax, and expended in the several districts in proportion to the tax they pay, and not in pro- portion to the scholars in the dis- trict. In one of the districts a school is kept 9 or 10 months in the year, but in some other districts not more than 3 or 4 months annu- ally. William Plitmer, late governor of this state and one of its most distinguished and estima- ble cizizens, resides in this town. A considerable portion of his life has been employed in the service M2 of the people, in the several sta- tions of representative and senator in the legislature, president of the Senate, speaker of the House of Representatives, representative and senator in Congress, and for fouE years as chief-magistrate of the state. Henry Dearborn, though not born in this town, lived here in early life with his parents for a number of years. He served as an officer in the army of the United States during the whole of the revolutionary war; was after- wards marshal of the district of Maine ; representative in Con- gress ; secretary of war of the Uni- ted States; collector of the customs of the port of Boston and Charles- town ; major-general of the army of the United States in the war of 1812, and is now minister of the U. S. at Portugal. John Chan- dler was born in this town, and lived in it many years. He has been representative and senator in the Massachusetts legislature ; representative in Congress ; briga- dier-general in the army of the United States in the war of 1812; president of the senate in Maine ; and is now senator in Congress. There are several religious so- cieties of different sects. They are here enumerated, not accor- ding to their numbers, but the order of time in which they were estab- lished. 1. The congregationalists were the first settlers of the town, and for a number of years all the inhabitants were of that sect. Rev. Robert Cutler was their first min- ister ; he was ordained in 1747, and in 1755 was dismissed. March 8, 1758, Rev. Josiah Stearns was ordained as his successor; he died .July 23, 1788 of a cancer, aged 57. In February 1793, Rev. Peter Holt was ordained ; and in 1821, at his 1«0 NEWHAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. own request, was dismissed. The members of this society are calvin- ists. 2. Quakers. — Though few in number they have existed in the town for more than half a cen- tury. As early as the year 1769, Jonathan Norris, one of their mem- bers, was imprisoned for not paying taxes to support the congregation- al minister ; but the town the next year released the constable from the tax ; and after that no distress was made upon the quakers for ministerial rates. Joshua Folsom, a native of the town, for many years was their preacher; he died December21,''1793, aged 72. His son, Benjamin Folsom, is now their principal speaker. 3. Baptists. — They formed a society and built a meeting-house about 50 years since. About that time the Rev. Dr. Sam- uel Shepard was ordained as a preacher over the society in Ep- ping, Stratham and Brentwood ; in each of those towns he preach- ed every third Sunday. He lived a number of years in Stratham, af- terwards removed to Brentwood, where he lived many years, and di- ed there November 1315, aged 77. For more than 50 years he was a useful practical physician. Since his death the society in Epping have had regular preaching a por- tion of the time. The members of this society are calvinists. 4, Methodists. — A society of this sect has existed in this town for about 20 years, and have had different preachers for a portion of the time 5. Free-will Baptists. — This sect has been in the town about 6 or 7 years — they are more numerous than the calvinistic baptists, but have n«> minister settled over them. Epsom, post-town, Rockingham eounty, lat. 43° 12', lies 12 miles E. of Concord., bounded N. by Pittsfield, E. by Pserfield and Northwood, S.by Al]enstown,W.by Pembroke & Chichester, & contains an area of 19,200 acres. The surface of the town is generally uneven. The principal eminences are called M'Coy's, Fort, Nat's, and Notting- ham mountains. The soil is in general good, and well adapted for grazing or grain. Great and Little Suncook are the only streams de- serving the name of rivers ; the former passing through the town from the N., the latter a branch from the E. uniting near the centre of the town. Here are three ponds, Chesnut, Round and Odi- orne's. The mineralogy and ge- ology of Epsom have been partial- ly explored. Brown oxide, and sulphuret of iron are found, the latter most frequently in its decom- posed state. Varieties of quartz, feldspar and schorl are found. An alluvial deposite has been discover- ed, which Prof. Dana has ascer- tained to be Terra de Senna — it constitutes a very handsome and durable paint for cabinet work. It is found in the N. part of the town. Epsom was granted May 18, 1727, to Theodore Atkinson and others, inhabitants of New- Castle, Rye and Greenland. Sev- eral families had previoKsly mov- ed into town. It received its name from Epsom in England. Rev. John Tucke was ordained here in 1761, and dismissed in 1774. He died while on his way to join the American army as chaplain. Rev. Ebenezer Hazeltine, who was or- dained Jan. 21, 1784, died Nov. 10, 1813, aged 59. Mr. H. was born at Methuen, Ms. Oct. 28, 1755, and graduated at Dartmouth Col- lege. Rev. Jonathan Curtis, who was born at Braintree, (now Ran- dolph) Ms. Oct. 22, 1786. and grad- uated at Dartmouth in 1811, was ordained Feb. 22, 1815 \ and his NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 131 church consists of 115 members. Like all the other frontier towns, Epsom was exposed in its early settlement to the Indians. No se- rious injuries, however, were sus- tained. The Indians who subse- quently committed some mischiefs at Canterbury, after laying in wait for some time, on the 21st Aug. 1747, took Mrs. McCoy from Ep- som, a prisoner, and sold her in Canada, from whence she returned at the close of the war. Depreda- tions were afterwards committed on the cattle in the neighborhood, the greater part of the inhabitants having fled to the garrisons in Not- tinghamo There is a social libra- ry in Epsom, containing 100 vol umes. The number of deaths from 1784 to 1813, was 286— an- nual average 9 1-2. Maj. An- drew M'ClARY, a native of this town, a gallant and meritorious of- ficer, fell at the battle of Breed's Hill, June 17,1775. Like the illus- trious Roman, he left his plough on the news of the massacre at Lexington, and in the action when he lost his life displayed great cool- ness and bravery. He was son of Andrew M'Clary, of Ireland, an early settler of Epsom. Hon. John M'ClART, an estimable cit- izen, was killed by the fall of a frame while raising, Dec. 13, 1821, at the age of 36 years. He was son of Gen. Michael M'Clary, and had been for several years a repre- sentative and senator in the state legislature. Pop. 1336. Errol, township, Coos county, in lat. 44° 43', is situated on the W. uf Umbagog lake, bounded N. by Wentworth's location, E. by the state of Maine, the line extending through the lake, S. by Cambridge and Dumnier, W. by Millsfield. It contains about 35,000 acres, of which 2,500 are water. Several considerable streams here unite with the Ameriscoggin, passing from the N. E. through this town. Errol was granted Feb. 28, 1774, to Timothy Ruggles and others. Pop. 26. Ervin's Location, in Coos county, is a tract of 3468 acres, granted June 2, 1775, toCapt. Wil- liam Ervin, of Boston. It is bound- ed N. by Dixville, E. by Millsfield, S. by public lands, W. by public lands and Columbia. It is at pres- ent uninhabited. ExETER,post-township,Rocking- ham county, in lat. 42° 59', is boun- ded N. by New-Market, E. by Strat- hara, S.E. by Hampton and Hamp- ton-falls, S. by Kensington and East-Kingston, and W. by Brent- wood and a corner of Epping. The ompact part of the town lies about the falls, which separate the fresh from the tide-water of a branch of the Pascataqua, called by the na- tives Squamscot, and now known by the name of Exeter river. Above the falls, this stream assumes the name of Great river, to distin- guish it from one of its smaller branches, called Little river. Great river has its source in Chester, whence it runs through several towns before it meets the tide-wa- ter in the centre of Exeter. On this river are many valuable mill orivileges ; and there are already erected upon it in Exeter, 1 cotton manufactory, 1 woollen, 3 corn mills, 3 saw mills, 2 oil mills, a pa- per manufactory and a bark mill : and on the same stream, just with- out the limits of the town, are a saw mill, a corn mill, and a cotton manufactory of 800 spindles, own- ed in Exeter. On Little river, there is 1 carding machine. In ad- dition to these, there is an estab- lishment for morocco dressing, where 20,000 skins are annually 132 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. prepared, and 6 tanneries, some of them extensive. The town is pleas- antly situated on the banks of tlie river, and contains two congrega- tional churches, one baptist, a court-house, two printing offices, a bank with a capital of $100,000 and an academy. Its soil is in general good, though comprehend- ing every variety, from that of the best quality to the least productive. Like most towns in the stale, it is essentially agricultural, and the improvement in the style of hus- bandry within the last fifteen years has been very great ; and within the same period, the number of in- dustrious and enterprising mechan- ics, to whom Exeter is now indebt- ed for her prosperity, has been very rapidly increasing. The sum rai- sed for the support of schools for many years, has been $1000 annu- ally ; and the average annual ex- penditure for the improvement of highways during the last ten years, $1300. The poor are supported on a farm purchased for that pur- pose in 1817 ; since which time, this new system has been in suc- cessful operation, and has not only rendered their condition much more comfortable, but reduced the expense of their support rather more than one third. The same establishment answers the purpo- ses of a house of correction. Phil- lips' Exeter academy was founded by the liberal donations of John Phillips, LL. D. in 1781, who at his death, in 1795, bequeathed to the institution a large portion of his estate. It is under the control of a board of seven trustees, three of whom only can reside in Exeter. Its instructors are a principal, a professor of mathematics and nat- ural philosophy, and an assistant. Lectures are delivered to the stu- <3ent8 by a theological instructor, who superintends this part of their education ; amd sacred music and writing, taught by separate instruc- tors. The number of students is usually between 80 and 90. No one under the age of 10 is admit- ted to the Latin department, and twelve is the age commonly requir- ed for admission to the English. The former embraces a full coarse of studies preparatory for college, with provision for those who choose to advance farther ; and the latter is arranged with a view to a com- plete education in English litera- ture and science. The present prin- cipal, Benjamin Abbot, LL. D. has discharged the duties of that office with distinguished ability for more than thirty years. The build- ing stands on a plain, near the cea- tre of the town, and is well provi- ded with accommodations for the different branches of instruction, and a large hall for declamation and the annual exhibitions. There are three terms in a year, with a vacation of three weeks each. A considerable part of the funds is de- voted to the purpose of aiding the poorer class of students. The set- tlement of Exeter commenced in 1638,byJohn Wheelwright and oth- ers, who formed themselves into a body politic, chose their magis- trates, and bound the people to obe- dience. Their laws were made in popular assemblies ; and the com- bination thus entered into subsist- ed about three years. Wheelwright in 1629 had purchased of the In- dians the country between the Mer- rimack and Pascataqua, extending hack about 50 miles. In coase- quence of his antinomian opinions, he had been banished the colony of Mass., and sought refuge here. In 1642, Exeter was annexed to the county of Essex ; and Wheel- right, who was still under sentcHce NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 133 of banishment, with a few adher- ents, removed to Maine. In 1643, upon a new arrangement of the tfounties, Exeter came under the jurisdiction of the county of Nor- folk. Various changes occurred until the final adjustment of the lines in 1741, suspended ail ex- citement on the subject of territo- rial limits between Mass. and IS. H. Exeter, like most of the early settlements, sufi'ered from the at- tacks of the Indians. In 1675, one person was killed between Exeter and Hampton, and another made prisoner; and other mischiefs were perpetrated. In 1695, two men were killed. In 1697, the town was providentially saved from des- truction. A body of Indians had lain in ambush, intending to make an assault on the following morn ing. By an accidental alarm, cau sed by a gun fired to frighten a few woman and children, who went in to the fields after strawberries con trary to tlie advice of their friends, the people were brought together inarms. Seeing this, the Indians supposed they were discovered, and precipitately retreated, killing one person, wounding anoth*r and tak- ing away a child. No further in- juries were committed until 1707, when another person was killed at Exeter. In the spring of 1709, Wiiliam Moody, Samuel Stevens, and two sons of Jeremy Oilman were taken at Pickpocket mill in Exeter, In 1710, they ambushed and killed Col. Winthrop Hilton, a meritorious citizen, with two oth- ers, taking two prisoners. Soon after this, they took four children and John Wedgewood from Exe- ter, and killed John Magoon. In April, 1712, a Mr. Cunningham was killed ; and depredations were made upon the property of the in- habitants. It does not appear that Exeter suffered much from the In- dians after this period. The first church in Exeter \Tas probably the first formed in this state ; it was founded in 1638, by Rev. Joha Wheelwright, a brother-in-law of the celebrated Anne Hutchinson, and cotemporary with Oliver Crom- well at the university. Wheel- wright reinc^'ed to Wells, Me. in 1643, was afterwards minister at Hampton ; and died at Salisbury in 1680. The church at Exeter was broken up ; and a new church was afterwards organized, at what period it is uncertain. Over this church were successively ordained Rev. Samuel Dudley in 1650, who died in 1683, aged 77 ;— Rev. Joha Clarke, graduated at Harvard col- lege in 1690 ; ordained 1698 ; died in 1705, aged 35 ;-- -Rev. John Od- lin, in 1706 ; died 1754, aged 72 ; Rev. Woodbridge Odlin, in 1743; died 1776, aged 57 ;— Rev. Isaac Mansfield, in 1776, who was removed in 1787; and Rev. Wil- liam F. Rowland in 1790. The second congregational church was formed in 1748, and Rev. Daniel Rogers, a descendant of the martyr John Rogers, ordained, who died in 1785, aged 79. His successor^ were Rev. Joseph Brown, ordain- ed 1792 and removed 1796; and Rev. /^aaci^Mrrf, ordained in 1817. Rev. Ferdinand Ellis is the or- dained minister of the baptist church in this place. Hon. SAM- UEL Tejvney, M. D. graduated at Harvard College in 1772; was an original member of the N. H. medical society,-and its vice presi- dent several years; a member of the Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sci- ences; an honorary member of the Mass. Med. Soc. ; was elected cor- responding member of Mass. Hist. Soc. Oct. 8, 1792 ; was elected a member of Congress in 1800, 1802, 134 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. and 18§4. He died in 1815, aged — . He was a man of science and learning. Gen. NATHANIEL PBA- BODY was an original member of the N. H. Med. Society; was a member of the old Congress ; a sen- ator in 1792 ; and speaker of the House in 1793. Hon. Nicholas Oilman was a member of the old Congress, a senator in 1804, and President of the Senate ; a sena- tor in Congress from 1805, to his death in 1814. He died in Phila- delphia ; and is the only member of Congress, from this state, who died in office. Gen. NATHANIEL FoL- SOM was a member of the old Con- gress ; and a valuable revolution- ary officer. Hon. Jeremiah Smith, a native of Peterborough, was one ef the first representatives to Congress under the federal gov- ernment, was appointed Judge of S. C. of N. H. in 1802, was chief justice, and continued such till 1809, when he was elected gover- nor. He was appointed chief jus- tice of S. J. C. in 1813. In 1804, he received the honorary degree of LL.D. from Dart. Coll. ; in 1807, the same from Harvard. Hon. John Taylor Gilman, a de- Scendent of one of the principal settlers at Exeter, was an active supporter of the revolution ; a member of the old Congress ; fil- led at times the offices of represen- tative and state treasurer ; and for fourteen years, between 1794 and 1816, was governor of the state In 1794, he received the honorary degree of LL. D. from Dartmouth College. Exeter has at all periods of its history possessed eminent and useful men ; and some of the first lawyers and jurists, anti- quarians and scholars, have re- ceived their early education at its literary institutioa. Pop. in 1820, 3114. F. FarMINGTON, post-town, Straf- ford CO., lat. 43° 20', was formerly a part of Rochester, but was incor- porated as a distinct town Dec. 1, 1798. It has Milton on the N. E. Rochester S. E., Strafford S. W., New-Durham N. W. — its area a- bout 21,000 acres. It is distant from Concord in a line E. N. E. a- bout25 miles, but by the road usu- ally travelled nearly 40 ; from Portsmouth, in a direct line, N. W. by N. 26 miles. This is rather a broken township, much of the soil being rugged, but found to be pro* ductive when properly subdued by human industry. The interval is inconsiderable, though very fertile on the banks of the Cocheco, which meanders through the N. E. part of the town. The Blue Hills or Frost Mountains, extend nearly through the town under different names from N. to S. From the summit of the ridge in the S. E. part, here called Mount Wash ing- ton, ships may be seen by the na- ked eye off Portsmouth harbor ; while to the north and west the White Hills and the Monadnock, with hundreds of smaller mountains meet the eye of the beholder. There is not far from the village itt Farmington, a rock supposed to weigh from 60 to 80 tons,so exactly poised on otlier rocks.that it may be caused to vibrate several inches by the hand. There is a decent meet- ing-house in Farmington ; and a congregational church has recently been formed under the care of Rev. James Walker. There are many other professing christians of different denominations, but no church has been organized except that of the congregationalists. At the baak of the Cocheco, a Utile NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 13S more than a mile S. E. from the principal village, is a place called the Dock — so named from the cir- cumstance that the first settlers us- ually deposited their lumber here to be floated down the river. This name is sometimes ignorantly ap- plied to the village. Hon. Aarojv WiNGATE, for many years a mem- ber of the legislature, a counselloi from 1797 to 1803, and for some time chief-justice of the com- poration, Nov. 27, 1778. It recei- ved its name from John Fisher, who afterwards went to England. The first settlement was . made in the year 1762 by Zephaniali Clark, E^q. — There is a society of fr«e- will baptists. Pop. 874. FiTzwiLLiAM, a post-township, in Chesi:ire county, in lat. 42° 45', is bounded N. by Troy, E. by Rindge, S. by Royalstcn and Win- i cr>endoR, in MassachiTsetts, and W. mon pleas in Strafford, died here | ivy PicUmotid. It originally con- in 1822, aged 78 years. Fop.illained 26,?00 ncres, but by an act 1716. jjuf the li;f\is]ature, passed Junr 23, FiSHERSFlELD, a post-town|| 1815, 4200 j^crfs of land i\'etc dis- in Hillsborough county, in lat. 43°!' .t iinexed from Fitzwiiliam, and now 18', is bounded N. by New-London, jjconsiuute part ui" Troy. Fitzwil- E. by Sutton, S. by Bradford, WJIiiriiT' is IS miles from Keene, 60 by Goshen and Wendell,contai)i"ngj|from Concord, and 65 from Boston. 19,332 acres. It is 23 miles Irom]' Canp and Priest brooks, running iu Hopkinton, 40 from Air.hersi, ^5j from Concord, and 95 from B< :jion.| Though this town has a large pro-j portion of water,yettho!ve i:. no con- siderable stream within itb limits, i The S. part of Sunapte lak in the N. W. part- Todd pono., situated at the S. E. angle, SOL* rods in length, and 60 in width, affords a small branch to Warner river. Chalk povid is in the N. part, from which issues a small stream communica- ting with Sunapee Kke. In the W. pari of the town, there is a considerable elevalion of hills, and the land in that section is broken, but is suitable for grazing. The growth of wood in Fishersfield is rock maple, beech,birch, spruce and hemlock. The land is generally mountainous, and the soil hard and rocky. This town, according to Dr. Belknap, was originally known by tlie name of Dantzick, and con- tained in 1775 only 130 inhabitants, Sutton being joined in the enumer- ation. It did not at first belong to Hillsborough count)^, but was an- nexed to it at the time of its incor a S. direction, are the principal streams. South pond, 230 rods long and of various width ; Sip's pond, 200 rods long and 100 wide ; Rockwood's pond and Collin's iesi'pond, are the only natural collec- tions of water. The surface of r.bis town is hilly. The soil is rocky. The natural growtr, on the upland is maple, heech, birch, oak, pine and hemlock ; on the low lands, pine, hemlock, and spruce. There is a considerable quantity of very productive and highly val- uable meadow land. The soil is suitable for grazing and tillage. Beef, pork, butter and cheese are the staples. The farmers have of late turned, their attention to the raising of sheep, and the making of woollen cloths, and this branch of industry is becoming an object of profitable attention. Near the centre of the town is a larp;e bill, remarkable for the beautifully "ro- mantic prospect it affords. Gap mountain, which, at a distance, appears to be part of the Monad- nock, and on which are found va- 136 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. rious kinds of stones suitable forf whetstones, lies partly in Troy andj partly in the N. E. part of Fitz William. Five turnpike roads meet at the village, viz. one from Keene and Winchester each, one to Templeton, leading to Worces- ter, and one to Rindge and Win- «henden each, both leading to Bos- ton. These roads have all been built within a few years, and for the projection and completion of most of them, the public is indebt- ed to the public spirit and cnter- prize of the late James Robeson, Essj. The village contains one meeting-house, 2 stores, an exten- sive tannery, several other me- chanic shops, and 20 dwelling-hou- ses. Fitzwilliam was originally called Monadnock JVo. 4, and was granted Jan. 15, 1752, to Roland Cotton and 41 others, but the gran- tees incurred the forfeiture of the grant, and it was re-granted to Sam son Stoddard and 22 others. The first settlement was made early in 1760, by James Reed, John Fas- sett, Benjamin Bigelow and others. It was incorporated May 19, 1773, when it vi'as named from the Earl of Fitzwilliam. A congregational ehurch wns formed March 27, 1771, on which day. Rev. Benjamin Brig- bam, who graduated at Harvard colleee in 1764, was ordained. He died June 11, 1799, aged 57. Rev. Stephen Williams succeeded Mr. Brigham, Nov. 4, 1800 ; dismissed Nov. 1802 ; died at Woodstock, Conn. 1822, aged 60. Rev. John Sabin, who graduated at Brown University in 1797, was ordained March 6, 1805. The number in his ciiurch is 150. In 1816, an el- egant meeting-house was erected at the expense of $7000; dedicated Nov. 6. On the night of the 17th Jan. 1817, it was struck by light- ning, and entirely consumed. In (jed as valuable. The highest lanf? the same year, another, 65 by 57 feet, was erected on the same spot and dedicated Nov. 1817. The number of deaths from 1802 to Nov. 21, 1822, inclusive, was 334. Brig. Gen. JAMES REED,a revolu- tionary patriot, whose merits as art officer and a man will be long re- membered, was a citizen of this town. Pop. 1167. Fox Point, in Newington, the place where a party of Indians un- der Hoophood, a sagamore,iQ May, 1690, destroyed several houses, killed 14 persons, and took 6 prison- ers. Francestown, a post-township in Hillsborough county, in latitude 42° 59', is bounded N. fey Deering, E. by New Boston and Weare, S. by Lyndeborough and Greenfield, and W. by Greenfield and Society- Land, containing 18,760 acres. It is 12 miles from Amherst, 55 from Hanover, 27 from Concord, and 69 from Boston. The two S. branches 01 Piscataquog river rise in this town ; the largest branch from Pleasant pond ; the other from Haunted pond. The former branch passes near the village in Frances- town. Pleasant and Haunted ponds are considerable collections of water, the former being about 350 rods square ; the latter 300 rods in length and 225 in width. The land is uneven, and in many parts stony, buttke qualities of the soil are warm and moist. There are some small intervals which are very productive. The original growth here was beech, birch, red oak, maple, hemlock and pine. The streams of water are not large, and almost every mill is situated on rivers that take their rise from hills and ponds within the limits of the town. But three of the mill privileges may be consider- NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 137 is Grotched mountain, the summit of wliica is more than 600 w-t a- bove the level of thp coinuni in the centre of the town. One of the summits of this mountain is covered with wood ; the other is almost a solid ledge of rocks, af fording a very extensive prospect to the S.W. There is, in the east- erly part of this town, on the farm of Mr. Daniel Fulier, a very ex' tensive and valuable quarry of free-stone (steatite.) It was ac- cidentally discovered by Mr. Ful- ler while ploughing in the field, and was first worked in 1804. It is of a dark greyish color, and when polished, strongly resembles the variegated marble of Vermont. It is soft, adhesive, and easily manu factuied. Its specific gravity, from recent experiments, is found to exceed considerably that of com- mon granite. When separated from the quarry, it is worth $2,60 per cubic foot. It is transported to Boston in large quantities, where, as well as at the quarry, it is manufactured into stove3,hearths, &c. In the N. part of this town, black-lead, (plumbago, or graph- ite) has been recently found of a good qualitj^ — and in the S. part, near Lewis' mills, some beautiliil specimens of rock crystal. The common garnet is met with in va- rious places. On the N. side of Haunted pond, there is a bar of 20 rods in lengthy 6 feet high, and 3 or 4 feet through, but for what pur- pose or by what means tbis barrier was raised, is a matter of conjec- ture only. The 2d N. H. turnpike passes through near the centre of Francestown. The local situation of this town is very eligible for bu- siness, being near the centre of the county, and on the great thorough- fare from Windsor to Boston, and Oft a leading road from the S. W. N of the state to Concord. There is a handsome village, consisting of an elegant meeting house, with a cupola and bell, an academy, two stories high, built of brick, and 25 dwelling houses. The number of deaths from the first settlement to 1790 was about 100. From that time to Jan. 1, 1819, the number was 463. A large proportion of these was infants. The dysentery prevailed in 1799, and 33 persons died of that disorder, which, with 12 other deaths, made the total that year 45, — the greatest number wliich ever occurred in one year. A congregational church was gath- ered by Rev. Samuel Cotton, of Litchfield, Jan. 27, 1773. It con- sisted at first of 18 members, and in 1790, of 143, and in 1821, of 328. Rev. Moses Bradford, from Rowley, Ms. who graduated at Dartmouth College in 1785, was ordained Sept. 8, 1790. No other religious society has ever existed here, excepting a small one of Scotch presbyterians, which, in 1792, united with the congrega- tionalists. Francestown derived its name from Frances, Uie wife of the last Gov. Wentworth. It was not granted to proprietors as most of the early townships were. It ift- cludes what was once called New- Boston-Addition and part of Socie- ty land, and was incorporated on petidon of the inhabitants of those places, as a distinct township, June 8. 1772. The titles were derived from the Masonian proprietors, the land being within the curve line. A part of Lyndeborough was after- wards added to this town. The first settlement was made about 1760,by John Carson, a Scotchman. This town passed several spirited resolves, Oct. 21, 1774, which were published Nov. 13th in the N. H. Gazette, signed by most of 138 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. the inhabitants then belonging to the place. Richard Batten, who died Aug. 25, 1822, at the age of 85 years, resided in this town more than 40 years. He was captured by the Indians during the last French war, in the year 1757. Al though guarded by two warriors, he was able, by superior strength and agility, to effect his escape, but not without the loss of all his clothes. He wandered entirely naked between the lakes George and Champlain for six days, eating nothing but berries and bark. To elude his pursuers, he was obliged to swim across Hudson river three times. Mr. James Woodbury, who died March 3. 1823, at the age of 85, closed his life in this town. He was an active soldier in the old Prench war, and engaged by the side of Gen. Wolfe when he was killed at the memorable siege of Quebec. He was one of the truly invincible rangers under the im- mortal Stark, and discharged every duty in a prompt and courageous manner. Pop. 1479. FrancojviA, a post-township in the N. part of Grafton county, in lat. 440 10', containing 32,948 a- cres, is bounded N. by Bethlehem, E. by ungranted land, S. by Lin- coln and Landaff, and W. by Con- cord. It is 28 miles from Haver- hill, 74 N. from Concord, the seat of government, and 140 miles from Boston, A large proportion of this town is mountainous. Its streams are branches of the Lower Amonoosuck river, and rise in the mountainous tracts on the E. There are two ponds in the notch of the mountain and but little low- er than the ground on which the public road now passes, both situa- ted in the S. part of the town. The lower gne, commonly called Fer- rin's pOHd, is 1-2 a mile long and 1-4 of a mile wide. It is the source of one of the principal branches of Pemigewasset river, called the Mid- dle Branch. The North pond, a- bout a mile long and from 1-2 to 3-4ths of a mile wide, is the source of one of the branches of the Am- onoosuck. Numerous elevations of land present themselves in this town. Those adjacent the Notch, are the most prominent. Here na- ture seems to have left only room for the road, which will probably become the great outlet of the Coos country. What has received the na'm« of the Profile in Franco- nia is regarded as a singular curios- ity. The peak on which it is situ- ated is estimated by some to be 1000 feet in height,rising at an an- gle of about 80°, presenting a bold and majestic front of solid rock, a side view of which exhibits the profile of the human face, of which every feature is conspicaous. At the foot of the mountain isFerrin's pond. There are two Iron estab- lishments in this town. The low- er works are situated on the S. branch of Amonoosuck rivar and are owned by the New-Hampshire Iron-Factory Company, incorpora- ted Dec. 18, 1805, which is com- posed principally of gentlemen in Salem and Boston. Their estab- lishment is very extensive, con- sisting of a blast furnace erected in 1808, an air furnace, a forge and trip-hammer shop. There are also near or connected with the estab- lishment, grain and saw mills, a large store, several shops, and oth- er buildings, with 12 dwelling hous- es, which make a small village. The ore is obtained from a moun- tain in the east part of Concord, three miles from the furnace, and is considered the richest in the Uni- ted States, yielding from 56 to 63 peif cent ; and the mine is said t» NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 139 be inexhaustible. About 12 or 15 tons of iron are made in a week, and 60 men on an average are em- ployed annually. There is a high- ly impregnated mineral spring, about two miles from the furRace. About one mile from the Lower works, are the Upper works, owned by the Haverhill and Franconia company, but their operation is not very extensive- Franconia, origi- nally called Morristovm, was granted Feb. 14, 1764, to Isaac Searle and others. The first per- manent settlement was made in 1774, by Capt. Artemas Knight, Lemuel Barnett, Zebedee Apple- bee, and others. Pop. 373. G. Geese islands, in Connecticut Hver, in the town of Haverhill, five in number, the largest of which con- tains about 49 acres. The others contain in all about 15 acres. They were granted to Benjamin Whi ting of Charlestown, Jan. 3, 1769. Gilford, township, Strafford county, in lat. 43° 32', is situated «n the S. of Winnepisiogee lake, which forms its N. boundary. On the E. lies Alton, S. Gilmanton,and W. Long bay and Winnepisiogee river, which separate the town from Meredith. It contains an area of about 23,000 acres, and has 1816 inhabitants. The soil is gen- erally productive. There are two ponds in this town, Little and Chaj- tleborough. Gunstock and Mile's rivers, rising in Suncookmountains and flowing N. into the lake, are the principal streams. The N. source of the Suncook river is on the S. of these mountains, which extend in a lofty pile over the E. part of the town, from Gilmanton line nearly to the lake. There are two islands in the lake belonging to Gilford, one of which has been connected to the main land by a bridge 30 rods in length. This town, which was formerly a part of Gil- manton, was incorporated June 16, 1812. It was settled in 1778, by James AHie« and S. S. Gilman. El- der Richard Mariin was settled here in 1798, over the first free-will baptist society. Elder Uriah Mor- risfon was ordained over a baptist society in 1808, and died in 1817, aged 36 years. Elder William Blaisdtll was ordained in 1809, and is tlie past«r of the christian bap- tist church. There are also socie- ties of congregationalists and ur»- versalists. Here are two meeting- houses, open to all denominations ; a aew and promising academy, in- corporated in 1820 ; 11 schools during almost 5 months in the year ; a valuable paper manufac- tory, established by Aaron Martin, besides other useful miils and ma- chinery. Four bridges across the Winnepisiogee connect the town with Meredith. The village at this place is thriving and pleasant, con- sisting of 30 dwelling houses, the court-houee, paper-mill, &c. A term of the superior court is nov/ held at this place annually. Pop. 1816. GiLLis & Foss' Grant, a tract of territory containing 33,272 acres, in Grafton county, in lat. 43° 54', is bounded N. by ungranted land, E. by Burton, S. by Sand- wich, and W. by Thornton. It was granted June 29, 1819, to JosiaJi Gillis, Moses Foss, jun. and others. It is watered by Mad river, which rises among the mountainous tracts on the N. ; runs S. W. about 2Q miles, and falls into Pemigewasset river in Campton. Swift river has its source in this grant, pursues au E. course through Burton into Con- waj', where it unites with Saco viv- 140 NEW-HAMPSfJIRE GAZETTEER. er. There are two ponds, and sev' eral considerable elevations, Mo' ses Foss, jun. commenced the set- tlement a few years since. It has but about 20 inhabitants. GiLMANTON, po9t-town, Straf- ford county, is situated in lat. 43° 25', 17 miles from Concord, 44 from Portsmouth, 78 from Boston, and 622 from Washington City. It is bounded N. hy Gilford, E. by Alton, S. E. by Barnstead, S.W. by Loudon, Canterbury and North- field, N. W. by "W'innepisiogeebay and river, which separate it from Sandbornton, and contains 63,500 acres. Beside the Winnepisiogee. this town is watered by the Sun- cook and Soucook riyers, which have their sources in this town. The Suncook rises in a pond near the top of one of the Suncook mountains, plevated 900 feet above its base. - The water of this pond falls into another at the foot of the mountain, of 1 mile in length and 1-2 mile wide. Passing from this, it falls into another, covering about 500 acres, from which, it me- anders through the town, receiving several streams in its course. The Soucook rises from Loon, Rocky and Shellcamp ponds, in the S. part of the town. This town is very hilly and rocky. The N. part bounds upon Suncook mountains, from which a chain of hills extends S., dividing the head springs of the Suncook and Soucook. The soil is hard, but fruitful, when properly cultivated. The geology of this town presents many varieties. Quartz, crystallized,yellow and red ferniginous, irised and granular, is frequently found. Hornstone, schorl, in their varieties, occur in several places. Mica slate, gneiss and sienite abound. Sulphur oc- curs on the W. bank of tlie middle branch of the Soucook ; red and yellow ochre are found in various parts. Iron ore exists here, and works were erected in 1768, at the Iron Works' Village^ but after a few years, were abandoned. There are several springs in this town, termed mineral — one of which has proved efficacious in cutaneous and, bilious afliections. This town wf^s granted May 20, 1727, to 24 per- sons of the name of Gilman, and 152 others. Its settlement was pro- tracted in consequence of the fre- quent depredations committed by- the Indians during the contimied wars of this period. After the re- duction of Canada, the fear of the Indians in a great measure subsi- ded ; and in Dec. 1761, Benjamin and John Mudgett with their fami- lies settled l»ere. Orlando Weed joined in 1762, and they were soon followed by several other families. Dorothy Weed, the first child, was born here Oct. 13, 1762. The baptist church was organized Nov. 16, 1773; Elder Walter Powers was ordained June 14, 1786, and dismissed in 1806. In 1811, the church was divided, one portion of which now constitutes the Gilford church. June 10, 1818, a new bap- tist church was formed, and is under the pastoral care of Rev. Phincas Richardson. The congregational church was formed Nov. 30, 1774, and Rev. I^aac Smith ordained. He died March 25, 1817, at the age of 72, and in the 43d year of his min- istry.' 'Rev. Ltike Ji. Spqffbrdwus ordained June 9, 1819. There are respectable societies of friends and methodists in Gilmanton, and 4 free-will baptist churches — three of which have stated ministrations. The one formed in 1810, is under the care of Elder Peter Clark ; the others, two of which were organ- ized in 1816, are under the care of Elders Abel Glidden and John NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 141 Knowles. The academy in this town, founded in 1794, and endow- ed with $5,500 and one fourth of a township of land, is a flourishing i'nstitution. " The social library of Gilmanton " was incorporated in June 1801, and contains 150 vol- umes ; the " Gilmanton Academy social library," incorporated June 1815, contains 160 volumes. The average number of deaths for 10 years past, is 40. Gen. Joseph Badger, one of the first settlers, was the first magistrate in town ; for many years representative, and for some time previous to his death judge of probate for the county of Strafford. He was an estimable and useful citizen. Pop. in 1810, 4,338. Gilford was disannexed in 1812; and the populafion io 1820 was 3527. GiLSUM, a small township in Cheshire county, situated about 10 miles from Connecticut river, in lat. 43° 1', is bounded N. by Al stead and Marlow, E. by Stoddard and Sullivan, S. by Keene, and W. by Surry. It contains 9,456 acre-s. The land is generally uneven and stony ; but there is some good ara ble land free from stone. The soil is, in many parts, fertile, and pro duces good crops of grass, grain, &c. The agricultural products in 1820, were 8,500 lbs. of butter, 11,- 000 lbs. of cheese, 19,000 lbs. of beef, 30,600 lbs. of pork, 2000 lbs, of flax, and 300 barrels of cider, Ashuelot river runs through this town and afibrds a good supply of water for mills. Gilsum was first granted Dec. 8, 1752, to Joseph Osgood, Jacob Farmer and others, and was called Boyle. It was re- granted by the name of Gilsum, July 13, 1763, to Messrs. Gilbert and Sumner and others. From the combination of the first syllables of the names of these men, it N2 rives the name of Gil-sum. The first settlement was made in 1764 by Josiah Kilburn, from Hebron in Conn. The other early settlers were Pelatiah Pease, Obadiah Wil- cox, Ebenezer Dewey, Jonathan Adams, &c. most of whom were from Conn. The congregational church was gathered in 1772. Rev. Elisha Fish was installed May 29, 1794; died March 28, 1807. Di- visions in religious sentiment suc- ceeded the death of Mr. Fish. In 1816, the congregational church and society were incorporated, the members of which have assumed no sectarian name, but call them- selves christians. There are some methodists and some universalists, which, with the other denomina- tions, live in peace and harmony. Pop. 601. Gltivville, or Littleton vil- lage, is pleasantly situated on both sides of Ainonoosuck river, in the S. part of the town of Littleton. It is 40 miles from Plymouth, 15 from Bath, 17 from Lancaster, and 5 from the Franconia Iron works. Here is a good situation for mills, &c., the bed of the river being for a considerable distance of solid rock, with a sufficient fall and a plenty of water. In this village, there are a store, tavern, post of- fice, and »uch professional men and mechanics as are necessary. There is a social library, called Glynville library, incorporated in 1813. GoFFSTOWN, a post-township, in Hillsborough county, in lat. 43® 2', is bounded N. by Dnnbarton, E. by Manchester and Hooksett, S. by Bedford, W. by New-Bostoi'. containing 29,170 acres. It is 12 miles from Arnherst, 16 from Con- cord, and 55 from Boston. Merri- mack forms part of the E. bounda- ry, Piscataquog river, the tribu- tary branches of which unite near 142 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. the W. line of the town, runs through its centre in an EL direc- tion, and falls into Merrimack riv- er at Piscataquog village- in Bed- ford. Large quantities of lumber are annually floated dovi^n this riv- er to the Merrimack, and most of the mill privileges are derived from this valuable stream. There are two considerable elevations in the S. W. part of the town, which ob- tained from the Indians the name of Un-can-nu-nuc. Douglass, vol. page 453, spells it Oncnnouit, but the orthography commonly adop ted, and which conveys the present pronunciation, is Unconoonock Excepting these elvations, Goffs- town is less broken by hills than most of the circumjacent towns. On the rivers abovementioned are considerable tracts of valuable in- terval. Back from the rivers, com- mence extensive plains, less rich in soil than the intervals, but easy of cultivation, and producing abun- dant crops of Indian com and rye. From these plains, the land rises on each side of Piscataquog river into large swells, in some part rocky, but affording excellent graz- ing land and good tillage. The principal forest trees are oak, pine of several sorts, hemlock, beech and maple. A great number of masts for the Eng. navy has been furnished from this place. They are still an article of export, but their stock is nearly exhausted. In this town, there is an extensive cotton factor3% There is a psblic school which has been in opera- tion two years. Three persons have received a collegiate educa- tion, viz. Kilburn Johnson, Charles F. Gove, L. B. and James Shirley. The two last were graduated at Dartmouth college in 1817 and 1818. The late Mr. James Aiken, •f this town, bequeathed $4000, which, on a certain contingency, is to form a permanent fund for sup- porting an academy here. In 1816, SI society, called the Religious Union Society, was incorporated lor the support of rehgious instruc- tion. To this society, Hon. Thom- as W. Thompson, deceased, devi- sed about 170 acres of land, to- wards a fund for supporting the gospel ministry in this town. A congregational church was formed in 1771. Rev. Joseph Currier, who graduated at Harvard college in 1765, was the first pastor. He was dismissed in 1774. Rev. Cor- nelius Waters, a graduate of Dart- mouth in 1774, was ordained in 1781 ; dismissed in 1795. In 1802, a presbyterian congregational church was organized, and Rev. David L. Morril, a native of Ep- ping, was ordained March 3. He was dismissed July 10, 1811, and has since been distinguished as a legislator, both in our state govern- ment and the government of the U. S. Rev, Benjamin H. Pitman^ from Newport, R. I. was ordained in Oct. 1820. A baptist church was formed in 1820, of which Rev. John B. Gibson was coiastituted pastor. There are two meeting- bouses, one built in 1765 ; the oth- er in 1815. The last is a iiandsome edifice, and is furnished with a bell. Goffstown was in former times a favorite resort of the In- dians, who found ample, means of support in the abundance of fish in its limits. It was granted by the Masonian proprietors in 1748, to Rev. Thomas Parker, of Dra- cut, and others. The year of its, first settlement we have not ascer- tained. It was incorporated June 16, 1761, by the name of Goffs- town, in honor, it is said, of Col. John Gofi'e, for many years a res- ident of Bedford, and the first NEW HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 143 judge of probate in Hillsborougb county. Dr. Jonathan Gove, a man distinguished for his urban- ity, his talents and professional skill, resided in this town. Hi was graduated at Harvaid college in 1768, and at the time of his[ death, was one of the oldest prac- titioners of medicine in thf coun- ty. He was many years an active member of the legislature. Pop. 2173. GositEN, a post-township, in Cheshire county, in lat. 43° 17', is bounded N. by Newport and Wen- dell, E. by Fishersfield, S. by Washington, and W. by Lempster and Unity, containing 12,023 aeves. It is 42 miles from Concord. Croy- den turnpike passes through Go- shen. From Sunapee mountain, lying in the E. part of this town, spring many small streams, which unite in forming Sugar river. Rand's pond is in the N. E. part of th.e town. The soil is particularly cal- culated for the production of grass. The natural growth consists of ma- ple, birch, beech, heir.iock and spruee, and some oak. From the maple, sugar is manufactuied in considerable quantities. The ag- ricultural products in 1800, w^ere 11,000 lbs. of butter, 15,000 lbs. of cheese, 22,000 lbs. of beef, 48,000 lbs. of pork, 8,100 lbs. of flax, and 200 barrels of cider. This town has a library of about 90 volumes. Goshen was formed of territory be- longing to Newport, Wendell, Fish- ersfield, Washington, Lempster and Unity. It was incorporated Dec. 27, 1791. The first settlement was made in that part taken from Wen- dell, about the year 1769, by Capt. Benjamin Rand, William Lang,and Daniel Grindle, whose sufi'erings and hardships were very great. — The crops of the first settlers were greatly injured, and sometimes en- tirely destroyee ma- lignant throat distemper prevailed here in 1735—36, and destroyed a great number of persons, principal- ly youth. Pop. 572. Hancock, a post-township in Hillsborough county, in lat. 42° 59' is bounded N. by Antrim, E. by Society-Land, and Contoocook riv- er which divides it from Green- field, S. by Peterborough and Dub- lin, and W. by Nelson, containing 19,372 acres. It is 35 miles from Concord, 22 from Amherst and 19 from Keene. The soil is various, but generally productive. The W. part of the town is mountainous, but affords excellent pasturing and many good farms. The other parts of the t own are agreeably di- versified with plains, hills and val- leys. On the Contoocook, and some of its tributary streams, there are several tracts of excellent interval. It may with propriety be said to be a good farming touai. There are two considerable ponds, one of which is in the centre, a few rods N. of the meeting-house, called Norway pond ; the other in the S. W. corner of the town, and, from its shape, is called Half-moon pond. Besides these, there is a small pond called Mud or Hosley's pond, lying be- tween Half-moon and Long, or Hunt's pond, the last of which is very large and situated in this town and Nelson. These ponds contain fish of various kinds. There is an elegant meeting-bouse erected ia 1820, on the same spot where the former one was accidentally burnt down, Oct. 28, IS 19. The pews in this edifice, exclusive of several re- served for public use, were sold at auction in one day for 7000 dollars. The meeting-house is pleasantly situated near the centime of the town, on a handsome plain, in a thriving village, in which are two taverns, three stores, and is well supplied with mechanics of different kinds ; two physicians and one attorney at law. In this town, there are one cotton factory, one potash manufactory, and one for the manufacture of elegant fowling pieces and rifles, many of which are annually made here, and from their excellence are in great demand. There are nine school- houses. That in the village, is built of brick two stories high, the upper I story of which was designed, and is well adapted for a public school or academy, to which use it is gen- erally applied. There is a social library containing upwards of 200 volumes. Hancock is justly con- NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 151 sidered a healthy place. There has been no prevailing sickness since the summer of 1800, when the dysentery, in the short period of nine weeks, swept off 56 persons, most of whom were children and youth. The whole number of deaths that year was 64. The annual av- erage number for the last 20 years has been about 14. For several years past, nearly one half of the deaths has be#n caused by consump- tion. Hancock was incorporated Nov. 5, 1779. It was named after Gov. Hancock of Boston, who was one of the original proprietors. The first settlement was begun by John Grimes in May, 1764. In the succeeding autumn, he removed with his family to Peterborough ; remained there through the winter, and returned in the spring of 1765, which may be considered the first permanent settlement. Within four or five years from that time, John Aspey, George M'Cloud, Mo- ses Morrison and William Lakin, with their families, settled in this place. From this period, the set- tlements greatly increased by emi- grants from Groton, Hollis, London- derry, New-Ipswich, Peterborough and other places. The first settlers suffered many of the hardships and privations incident to new settlers, but less, perhaps than some others, inasmuch as most of the towns ad- joining had been previously par- tially settled. The congregational church here was organized Aug. 28, 1788, and then consisted of ten males and seven females. It now contains about 100 members. Rev. Reed Paige, from Hardwick, Mass. was ordained Sept. 21, 1791 ; died July 22, 1816, aged 52 years. He was justly esteemed a learned, pious, able and faithful minister ; a good citizen, an honest and upright man ; a firm patriot, and zenlcus and able advocate of his country's rights, which very much endeared him to the people of his charge, who frequently elected him to rep- resent the town in the state legis- lature, of which he was a member at the time of his death. Rev. Archibald Burgess, was ordained as the successor of Mr. Paige,Dec. 25, 1822. Pop. 1178. Hanover, a post-township in Grafton county, in lat. 43° 42', is bounded N. by Lime, E. by Canaan, S. by Lebanon and W. by Norwich, Vt. containing 27,745 acres. It is 53 miles N. W. from Concord, 102 from Portsmouth, 114 from Boston and 495 from Washington city. In this town, there is no river not any considerable stream besides the Connecticut. Mink brook, run- ning in a S. W. direction. Slate brook in a W. course, and Goose- Pond brook in the N. E. part of the town, are among the principal streams. Neither of these are Urge enough for permanent mill privileg- es. There are several small islands in Connecticut river within the limits of Hanover, the largest of which is Parker's island containing about 20 acres. There are no na- tural ponds. The original growth of wood is maple, beech, birch, ash, bass, hemlock, spruce and pine. When the town was settled, the greatest proportion of forest trees was what is denominated hardu'ood^ The surface of Hanoifer is agreea- bly diversified with hills and val- leys, and the greatest part is suita- ble for farms. There is but a small proportion ef waste land, less, per- haps, than in any other town in Grafton county," It is estimated that nearly one half is under im- provement. Moose mountain is a considerable elevation, extending across the town from N. to S. at the distance of about five miles 352 NEWHAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. from Connecticut river. Grafton turnpike passes through the N. E. part of Hanover to Orford. A handsome bridge connects the S. W. part of the town with Norwich. The principal village is in the S. W ooinerof the town, on a beautiful and extensive plain, half a mile from Connecticut river, and 180 feet above the level of its waters. Vegetable substances are found in different parts of this plain at a depth of from 50 to 80 feet. The number of houses is upwards ef 70, the best of which are erected round a square level area of 12 acres. The remainder stand on different streets, leading from the green in all directions. On the N. side of the green is a spacious meeting-house ; on the S. a brick tontine, four sto- ries high, and 150 feet long. The number of deaths in tliis village, of which the population is 633, in 1821, was three. The annual aver- age for the last 16 years has been about seven. It is pechaps as heal- thy as any place of its size in New- England. A spring of excellent water was brought in 1821, a dis- tance of 1 3-4 mile in leaden pipes, at an expense of $3,500. There are 6 law offices, two taverns, two bookstores, one apothecary's shop and five English and W. I. goods' stores. In this pleasant village is located Dartmouth college, of which an account is given in the General View, page 31. The College buildings are a handsome edifice of wood, 150 feet by 50, three stories high, {See plate) con- taining 34 rooms for undergradu- ates,and 6 rooms for other purposes ; an edifice of brick, styled Medica] House, 75 feet long and 32 wide, three stories high, {See annexed View) containing a laboratory, an anatomical museum, a minerologi- naX cabinet, two lecture reoms, and six rooms for students ; and a con- venient chapel. A greenhouse has lately been erected, which will soon be furnished with an ample collection of botanical specimens. Though a more central situation for the only collegiate institution in the state would be on some accounts highly desirable, yet it has often been remarked, that the location of Dartmouth college is peculiarly favorable to study and the preserva- tion of morals. Circumstances conducive to these objects in addi- tion to establishments wisely arrang- ed for the pursuits of literature, are to be found in the salubrity of the situation, the uniform temperature of the climate and the pleasantness [of the village, which is neither too populous nor too solitary. Among the worthy men who have finished their earthly career in this place, may be mentioned Rev. EleAzAR Whejelock, D. D. who died April 24, 1779, aged 68 ^ Hon. John Wheelock, LL. D. President of the college 35 years, who died April 4, 1817, aged 63 ; Hon. Bez- ALEEL, Woodward, who died Aug. 1804; Rev. John Smith, D. D. who died April, 1809 ; Hon. John HuBBARD,who died in Sept. 1810; and Rev. Francis Brovtn, D. D. who died July 27, 1820, aged 36. These gentlemen were all connected with the college. The first newspaper printed in Hanover was published by Alden Spooner. " The Eagle or Dartmouth Centi- nel," was commenced July 22» 1793, by Josiah Dunham, A. M. and continued by different publishers till 1799. "The Dartmouth Ga- zette," by Moses Davis, commen- ced Aug. 27, 1799, discontinued in 1820. The "Dartmouth Herald," by Bannister & Thurston, commen- ced June 21, 1820; discontinued July 25, 1821. Hanover was grant* NEW-HAMP&HIRE GAZETTEER. 153 ed by charter, July 4, 1761, to eleven persons of the name of Freeman and 52 others, principally belong- ing to Connecticut. The first set- tlement was made in May, 1765, by Col. Edmund Freeman, from Mansfield, Conn. In 1766, Benja- min Davis and Benjamin Rice from the same place, and Gideon Smith and Asa Parker, became settlers. All of the first settlers were from Connecticut and most of ihem were from the towns of Mans- field and Coventry. In 1770, Dart- mouth college was established here by Dr. Wheelock. At that time there were 20 families in town. A church was gatl^red in the college by Dr. Wheelock in Jan. 1771. Those who have successively offici- ated in this church, which still ex- ists, are Rer. Messrs. Wheelock Ripley, Smith and Shurtleff. The first settled minister of tlie church and town was Rev. Eden Burroughs, who was installed in Sept. 1772. He continued in the miwistry until a division arose, which occasioned the foundation of a new church and society, over which Rev. Sam- uel Collins was installed in Nov. 1788. He was dismissed in 1795. Rev. Dr. Burroughs was dismissed in 1809. Soon after, these church- es were united, and now form one congregational church, over which Rev. Josiah Tovme was ordained in June, 1814. There is a baptist church, over which Rev. Abel Bridgman was settled in 1791 ; died 1800. Rev. Isaac Bridgman, set- tled in 1800 ; died 1815. Pop. 2222. Hart's Island, in Connecti- cut river in the township of Plain- field, contains 19 acres. Haverhill, a post-town, and the half shire town in Grafton county, in lat. 44° 3', is bounded N. E. by Bath, E. by Coventry, S. 02 W. by Piermont, and W. by New- bury, Vt. containing 34,340 acres. It is 31 miles from Plymouth, 70 from Concord, 27 from Dartmouth college, and 132 from Boston. It is watered by Oliverian brook, pas- sing through the S. part and falling into Connecticut river above Be- del's bridge, and by Hazen brook passing the centre of the town, and falling into the Connecticut near the Great Ox Bow, in Newbury. Haverhill is a pleasant town, though but thinly inhabited for several miles in the centre along the main road. The soil is loam mixed with gravel and suited to every species of cultivation. There is a quarry of granite suitable for mill stones, for buildings, &:c. and a bed of iron ore, on the W. side of Coventry bordering this town. Haverhill is divided into tv/o parishes, the south and north, in each of which is a congregational church and a meet- ing-house. The principal village is at the S. W. angle of the town, and known by the name of Haver- hill Corner. There is a beautiful common in this village, laid out in an oblong square, around vvluch the buildings regularly stand. The site is a handsome elevation, over- looking the adjacent country ma- ny miles N. and S., and not less than 6 or 7 miles E. and W. From the street, the ground slopes v^ith unusual elegance to the west ; and is succeeded by large intervals. Tlie prospect here is delightful. Tins village contains 46 dwelling- houses, 34 of which are two stories high, and one, three stories high, built of brick, and two of the oth- ers are built of brick ; a court- house which is a brick edifice, 53 feet by 43, with a projection 2© feet by 10; an academy, Grafton bank, printing office, post office, 8 stores. 2 tavern*, jail, &c. Five 154 NEWHAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. stage coaches now arrive at this villaj^e, twice in a week each, fo of which are mail coaches. There is a pleasant village forming at tht- N. W. angle of the town, on a street nearly a mile in length straight and very level. The Ha- verhill academy was opened in Sept. 1793, and incorporated Feb. 11, 1794. The lower story of the court-!;ouse is appropriated to it? use. There is a social library, in- corporated June 17, 1817. The newspapers puV)lished here have been " The Coos Courier," which commenced April 21, 1808, and lire " New-Hampshire Intelligen cer,'' which commenced in 1820 by Sylvester T. Goss, who also publishes the *' Evangelist," a relig- ious paper. Nathaniel Coverly published a paper for about 6 months prior to 1800 ; and 3 or 4 numbers of a magazine were pub- lished by Mosely Dunham. Ha verhill was granted by charter. May 18, 17G4, to John Hazen and 74 others. Its first settlement was made in 1764, by Capt. John Ha zen, who settled on the Little Ox Bow, near v.here there had former- ly been an Indian fort and burying ground, and where many Indian skulls and relics have been found. Several of the early settlers were from Newbury and Haverhill, Ms. and from the last place, this town derived its name. Its former name was Lower Cohos. The first court was holden here, Oct. 21, 1773. The first minister was Rev. Peter Powers, the first male child born in Hollis, who was settled over Haverhill and Newbury, Vt. in I765,and was dismissed in 1784. He died at Deer Isle, Me.in 1799. The first congregational church, in the S. parish, was formed Oct. 30, 1790. Rev. Ethan Smith was ordained Jan, 25, 1792; dismissed June 23, 1799. Rev. John Smith was or- dained Dec. 23, 1802 j dismissed Jan. 14, 1807. Rev. Grant Pow- ers, from Hollis, ordained Jan. 4, 1315. The church contains 93 members. There is a 2d church in the N. parish. There is a so- ciety of methodists, consisting of three classes. Hon. MoSES Dow was one of the most distinguished citizens of this place. He was born in Atkinson ; obtained a col- legiate education by his own exer- tions, was graduated at Harvard college in 1769. After studying the profession of law, he practised as an attorney five years at Haver- iiill, Ms. ; live years at Plymouth, N. H., from whence he removed to this town, where he practised until within a few years of his death He was, more than 30 years, register of probate, was a colonel, a brigadier general, speak- er of the house of representatives, senior senator in 1791, and one of the judges of the court in Grafton county, which of&ce he sustained till his death, March 31, 1811, at the age of 64. Hon. Charles Johnston, who died March 5, 1813, aged 76, resided here. He was a valuable officer in the revo- lution, and was many years, judge of probate in Grafton county. Hon. James Woodward and Hon. Ezekiel Ladd were among the ear- ly settlers, and were judges of the old county court. Pop. 1600. Hawke, township, formerly a part of Kingston, Rockingham co., is in lat. 42° 57', and bouaded N. by Poplin, E. by Kingston, S. by Kingston and Hampstead, W. by Sandown, and contains 7000 acres. It was incorporated Feb. 22, 1760, and derived its name from a Brit- ish admiral. In 1775, there v'cre 500 inhabitants more than there has been at any time since. The NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 156 soil is uneven, but in some parts good. Squamscot river passes ove) tiie N. W. corner of Hawke. Long pond lies in the E. part, and Cub pond on the W. side, adjoining Sandown. The first settlements were made by Jonathan Sanborn, Jacob Hook and others between 1735 and 1739. Rev. John Page was ordained over a congregation- al church here Dec. 21, 1763, and died of the small pox Jan. 29, 1782, aged 43. Since that time no minister has been settled. The av- erage annual number of deaths foi the last ten years, has been 5. Hawke has a convenient meeting- bouse, and three schools. Pop. 421. Hebron, a township in Grafton CO., lat. 43° 42' is bounded N. by Rumney and Plymouth, E. by Ply- mouti\ S. by Bridgewater, Alexan «lria and Orange, W. by Groton. It contains 1 3,350 acres, of which one eighth part is water. It is 9 miles from Plymouth and 40 from Con- cord. A considerable part of New- found lake lies in the S. E. part of this town. The Mayhew turnpike passes through the E. part, and for some distance near the lake and par- allel with it. It has no river,nor any important streams. Nearly one half of this town was included in the grant of Cockermoutb, now Groton. The remaining part was taken from Plymouth. It was in- corporated June 15, 1792. In 1801, the inhabitants erected a handsome meeting-house, but have had no settled minister. Pop. 572. Henniker, a post-township in HUlsborough county, in lat. 43° 10', is bounded N. by Warner and Bradford, E. by Hopkinlon, S. by Deering and Weare, and W. by Hillsborough, containing 26,500 acres. It is 27 miles from Amherst, 15 W. from Concord, and 75 from Boston. Contoocook river passes oasterly through its centre and di- vides the town into nearly equal portions of territory and population. Its course is rather circuitous, and in many places presents scenes of considerable interest and beauty. Few places afford better prospects for the successful operation of any sort of water machinery than this. There are several ponds of consid- erable size. Long pond is the lar- gest being between 1 and 2 miles in length, and from 40 to 80 rods wide— situated 1 mile N. of the centre village. Craney hill is the principal elevation, and embraces a large portion of territory on the S. side of the town. It is mostly in a state of cultivation. Henni- ker, in its soil and productions, can justly claim a character for as much variety and fertility as any town in the county. The soil of the hills is favorable for wheat — the valleys produce good crops of corn. The roads here have been much improved within a few years, and the bridges are kept in good repair. In 1818, a bridge across the Contoocook was constructed at an expense of <^000, having its abutments and principal pier of split granite, and fastened together with iron bolts. There is a social lihrai-y, incorporated Nov. 30, 1803, containing 170 volumes. Those who have received a collegiate ed- ucation are, at Dartmouth college, Tilly Howe, 1783 ; Elisha Morrill, 1799; David C. Proctor, 1818; James C. Goss, 1820: at Union college, Solomon Ward -. at Har- vard college, Timothy Darling, 1822. The number of deaths for 20 years preceding Aug. 1822, was 370, making an annual average of 18 1-2. The greatest instance of longevity was Mary Wallace, aged 9i. In 1815, 31 persons died of 156 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. the spotted fever. Henniker was granledJuly 16, 1752,t)y the Ma- sonian propiielors, under the name of JVumber 6, to James Wallace, Robert Wallace and others of Lon- donderry. Its settlement commen ced in 1761 by James Peters. A large proportion of its earliest in habitants were from Marlborough Mass. It was incorporated Nov. 10, 1768, when it received its pres ent name from governor Went worth, in honor of his friend Hen- niker, probably John Henniker Esq., a merchant in London and a member of the British parliament at that time. The congregational church was formed June 7, 1769, and consisted of 9 members. Rev Jacob Rice, a graduate of Harvard college, was ordained at the same time; dismissed Feb. 21, 1782, He is now the minister of Brown- field, Me. ; and at the age of 83, is active in the discharge of his parochial duties. Rev. Moses Saw yer, graduated at Dartmouth col- lege in 1799, was ordained May 26, 1802. Hon. Robert Wal l^ACE, who was one of the early settlers, was long known in the va vious capacities of representative senator, counsellor, and associate judge of the court of common pleas An unusual proportion of his life, which was continued to the age of 66 years, was employed in public service. The man is larely found who had fewer enemies at home or abroad, and who maintained through life a more unsullied repu- tation than Judge Wallace. He died in Jan. 1815. Pop. 1900. Hillsborough, a post-town- ship in Hillsborough county, in lat. 43° 9', is bounded N. by Bradford, E. by Henniker, S. by Deeringand Antrim, W. by Windsor and part of Washington, containing 27,320 acres. It is 23 miles from Amherst, 15 from Hopkinton, 24 from Con- cord and 70 from Boston. This towTi is well watered. Contoo- cook river passes through the S. E. corner, and affords several excel- lent water privileges. Hillsbor- ough river has its source from ponds in Washington ; runs in a S. E. course through the whole ex- tent of Hillsborough, receiving the outlets of several ponds on the E. and forms a junction with the Coa- toocook,on the S. line of this town. The largest pond, called Lyon pond, is nearly a mile in length, and two thirds of a mile wide. This, with other considerable ponds, make a surface of about 500 acres of water. The land here is une- ven, but it affords many good farms. There is a small pleasant village on the 2d N. H. turnpike which passes N. W. through this town, containing a number of dwelling- houses, stores, mills, a post office, and tavern. The meeting-house is 2 miles N. of this village. A post office was established here in 1803. There is a cotton and woollen fac- tor}^ which has been incorporated. Hillsborough was formerly known by the name of JVumber 7 of fron- tier towns. The time it was orig- inally granted is not ascertained. The first settlement was made in 1741, by James M'Calley, Samuel Gibson, Robert M'Clure, James Lyon and others,said to have been from Boston and its vicinity. James M'Calley was married, and his wife was the only woman in town the first year. The first childrenborn in Hillsboro' were John M'Calley & — Gibson,*who intermarried, and received as "a gift, a tract of land, from the principal proprietor. The Cape Breton war in 1744 was the means of breaking up the settle- ment ; which was not resumed un- til a few years prior to 1759. In NEW-HAP^PSHIRE GAZETTEER. 157 the interval, the town was granted by the Masonian proprietors to Col. John Hill, of Boston, liom whom it derives its name. It vas incor- porated by charter, Nov. 14, 1772. A congregational church was form- ed Oct. 12, 1769. Rev. Jonathan Barns, who graduated at Harvard college in 1770, was ordained Nov. S5, 1772 ; dismissed Oct. 20,1803; and died Aug. 3, 1805. Rev. Ste- phen Ciiapin,(nowD.D.) who grad- uated at Harvard college in 1804, was ordained June 19, 1805 ; dis- missed May 12, 1808. Rev. Seth Chapin, who graduated at Brown University, R. J., was ordained Jan. 1, 1812; dismissed June 26, 1816. Rev. John Lawton, from Windham, Vt. was installed Nov. 7, 1821. A baptist society was formed May 21, 1813, and the church gathered August 31, 1820, Pop. 1982. Hilton's Point, on the Pascat- aqua, forms the S. E. extremity of Dover ; and is so called from the circumstance of the original set- tlers, Edward and William Hilton establishing themselves at this place. See Dover. HiN6DAL£, a post-town in the S. W. corner of Cheshire co., in lat. 42° 48', is bounded N. by Ches- terfield, E. by Winchester, S. by Northfield in Massachusetts, and W. by Vernon and Brattleborough in Vermont, containing 14,000 acres. It is 75 miles from Con- cord, 96 from Boston, 86 from Hart- ford, Conn., and 86 from Albany. It is well watered with springs and rivulets of the purest water. The Connecticut washes its western border ; and the Ashuelot runs through the centre, forming a junc- tion with the Connecticut, a little below the great bend, called Coop- er's point. Kilburn brook rises in Fisgah mountain, runs S. and falls into Ashuelot river. Ash-swamp brook rises in West river moun- tain, runs a S. W. course, and falls into the Connecticut, near the site of Hinsdale's fort. There are sev- eral islands in the Connecticut in this town. On the N. line of Hins- date, is West river mounuin whick extends from the banks of the Con- necticut E. across the whole width of the town. Its greatest elevation is at the W. end. President Dwight states the height above low water mark to be from 800 to 900 feet. In this mountain is found iron ore, and some other minerals and fos- sils ; but to what extent or value they exist, it has not been ascer- tained. Some years since, there was a slight volcanic eruption, but nothing of that kind has appeared of late. N. of Ashuelot, on the E. line of the town, is Pisgah moun- tain. S. of Ashuelot, is Stebbin's hill, a tract of excellent land, and principally in a high state of culti- vation. The intervals here are ex- tensive, and of an excellent qual- ity. Between the intervals and the hills in the N. part of the town, is a large tract of plain, which is well suited for corn, rye and clover. The forest trees are yellow, pitch and white pine, interspersed with white and yellow oak, chesnut and walnut. The principal roads through this town, are the sixth N. H. turnpike which crosses in a W. and N. W, direction from Winchester to Brattleborough, and the stage road from Northfield to Chesterfield. In 1802, a bridge was built over Connecticut river opposite Brattleborough village. It was rebuilt in 1820, and is a firm, commodious and elegant structure. In 1818, a new bridge was built over Ashuelot river, in the centre of the town. On the point of a hill» not far from Connecticut river, 158 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. there is to be seen the remains of an Indian fortification, constructed prior to the settlement of the town. There is a deep trench drawn across, the hill to separate it from the plain back, and is continued to the river. All that is known respect- ing this ancient fortification is from vague and uncertain tradition. Hinsdale was incorporated Sept. y, 1733. it received its name from Col. Ebenezer Hinsdale, one of the principal inhabitants, who w as highly esteemed for his virtue and talents. It was originally a part of Northfield, and was granted by the government of Massachusetts, and was settled as early as 1683. It included in its limits, Vernon till Vermont became a separate state. The former name of this place was Fort Dummer and Bridgman's Fort. This town encountered all the difficulties of the Indian wars, and struggled with other hardships incident to frontier settlements, be- gun in the wilderness and remote from cultivated lands. The early settlers were protected by fort Dummer, Hinsdale's fort, Shattuck's fort and Bridgman's fort ; but these were insufficient to shield them from the hostile incursions of the Indians. On the 24 June, 1746, a party of 20 Indians came to Bridg- man's fort, 2 miles below fort Dum- mer, and attacked a number of mejd who were at work in a mead- x>\v. William Bobbins and James Parker were killed; Daniel How and JohnBeeman taken prisoners ; M. Gilson and Patrick Ray woun- ded, but recovered. How killed one of the Indians before he was taken. In 1747, they burned Bridg- man's fort, killed several persons and took others from that place. In Oct., Jonathan Sawtell was ta- ken prisoner. July 3, 1747, they waylaid a mill in Hinsdale. Col. Willard having come to the mill with a guard of 20 men, for the purpose of grinding corn, and hav- ing placed his guards, they were soon fired upon. The colonel gave such loud, and repeated orders to attack the enemy, that they fled with the greatest precipitation,leav- ing behind them their packs and provisions. On June 16, 1748, in crossing from Col. Hinsdale's to Ibrt Dummer, Nathan French, Jo- seph Richardson, and John Frost were killed ; seven others were captured, one of whom, W' illiam Bickford, died of his wounds. In 1755, they attacked a party, who were at w ork in the woods ; killed John Hardiclay and John Alexan- der, and took Jonathan Colby ; the others escaped to the fort. On the 27th of July, thej-^ ambushed Caleb Howe, Hilkiah Grout, and Benja- min Gaffield as they were return- ing from their labor in the field. (See Belknap vol. ii. p. 295, and ditto vol. iii. p. 277.) The con- gregational church was formed in 1763. Rev. Bunker Gay, who graduated at Harvard college in 1760, was ordained in 1763; died Oct. 19, 1815. A baptist church was formed in 1808, which has been under the pastoral care of Rev. Jeremy Parker. Pop. 890. HoLDERNESS, post-township in Grafton county, in lat. 4.3° 44', is bounded N. by Campton, E. by Sandwich, MouUonborough and Centre-Harbov, S. by Centre-Har- bor and New-Hampton, and W. by Peraigewasset river, separating it I from Bridge water and Plymouth. lit contains 24,921 acres. It is 65 [miles from Portsmouth and 40 from iConcord. The soi] is hard and not easily cultivated, but, when sub- dued, is tolerably productive. The [prevailing wood is oak, mixed with Ipine.beech and maple. From the sap NEW HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 159 of the sii*ar maple, {acer sacchari- num) a considerable quantity of su- gar is annually made. The Pemige- wasset imparts a portion of its ben- efits to this place, and there are va- rious other streams which serve to fertilize the soil, and to furnish mill seats. Squam river, the out- let of Squam ponds, runs in a S. W. direction and empties into the Pemigewasset near the S. W. angle of the town. This stream affords excellent mill privileges, having on it, 1 saw and grain mill, 2 paper mills, 2 carding machines, 1 trip- hammer and 1 bark mill. There are three ponds or lakes. Squam lake, lying on the borders of this town, Moultonborough, Sandwich and Centre Harbor, is about 6 miles long, and from 4 to 5 wide. Squam pond, lying wholly in Holderness, is about 2 miles long, and 1-2 a mile wide. White Oak pond is about 1 mile long. The road from Plymouth through this place to Winnepisiogee lake, and along the borders of that lake to Wolfebor- ough is highly interesting ; display ing scenery which is scarcely equalled in this part of our counttry. Holderness was first granted by charter, Oct. 10, 1751, to John Shepard and others, but this char ter was forfeited because its condi tions were not fulfilled l)y the gran tees. It was again granted Oct. 24, 1761, to John Wentworth and sixty-seven others, all of them, it is said, professing the doctrines of the church of England. The first Settlement was made about the year 1763, by William Piper from Dur- ham, or its vicinity. Others of the early settlers were from Barrington In this place, there is an episcopa ehurch, over which, Rev. Robert Fowle has ofiiciated for more than thirty years. He was graduated at Harvard college in 1786, and was ordained at Portsmouth by bishop Seabury, in 1791. Tliere are some congregationalists, baptists, and methodists. Hon. Samuel Liv- ERMORE commenced a settlement in this town in 1765 ; was one of the grantees, and by purchase, be- came proprietor of about half of the township. He was a native of Waltham, Mass., where he was born May 14, 1732, O. S. He grad- uated at Princeton college in 1754; studied law with the Hon. judge Trowbridge, and was admitted to practice in the S. J. C. of N. H. in Jan. 1757. He settled in N. H. in 1758, and in 1769 was appointed King's attorney general. After the assumption of government by the people, he was in the ofiice of at- torney general. He was, several years, a delegate to the old con- gress. In 1782, he was appointed chief justice of the superior court. From 1792 to 1802, he was a sena- tor of the U. S., which office he re- signed on account of declining health. He died in May, 1803, aged 71. Pop. 1160. HOLLIS, a post town, in Hillsbo- rough county, in lat. 42"^ 44', is bounded N. by Milford and Am- herst, E. by Dunstable, S. by the state line of Mass., W. by Brook- line, cpntaining 19,620 acres. It is 8 miles from Amherst, 36 from Con- cord and 42 from Boston. Nashua river waters the S. E. part, and Ni- sitissit crosses the S. W. extremity. There are four ponds, known by the name of Flint's, Penichook, Long and Rocky ponds. This town con- tains a variety of soils. On the Nashua is some excellent interval. In the N. and S. E. parts are con- siderable tracts of pine land. There is a pleasant village near the cen- tre of the town, on a site somewhat elevated, having a handsome con- Jgregational meeting-house, a nuni- 160 NEW -HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. ber of dwelling houses, stores, post office, an attorney's office, andj other buildings. Tnere is a socie ' ty, formed in 1801, and incorpoia ted in 1814, for raising a fund 'vhicb shall be adequate to suppoit the gos pel in this place. Its amount of funds is over w>uth college, in 1806. The old- est person living in the preceding list is the venerable Dr. Cumings of S'Uerica, who has been the minis- ter of that place more than 60 years. The number of deaths for 25 years ending in 1818, was 567. One in nine lived to the age of 80 years or upward*!. Mrs. Ulrick. a native of Ireland, died here in 1789, at the age of 104— was active till after she was an hundred. The original name of Hollis was JSTisitissit, its Indian name. It was afterwards the West Parish of Dunstable. The first settlement was made by Capt. Peter Powers in 1731. Peter Pow- ers, his son, was the first child born in town. It was incorporated April 3, 1746. The name is either deri- ved from Thomas Hollis, a distin- guished benefactor of Harvard col- lege, or from the Duke of New-Cas- tle, whose name was Hollis. The congregational church was formed in 1743. Rev. Daniel Emerson, from Reading, who graduated at ^ Harvard college in 1739, was or- dained April 20. 1743 ; died Sept. 30, 1801, aged 85. Rev. Eli Smith, who graduated at Brown University in 1792, was ordained as colleague with Mr. Emerson, Nov. 27, 1793. The number of communicants is about 270. The late NoAM Worcester, Esq, was a resident in this town. For a notice of liira, see Historical Collections for 1822, p. 260. Pop. 1543. HooKSETT, post town, in Hills- borough county, in lat. 43° 5,' is hounded N. by Bow and Aliens- town, E. by Deerfield and Candia, S, by Chester and Manchester, and W. by Goffstown. It is nine miles from Concord, 12 from Hopkinton, and 54 from Boston. The river Merrimack, whose course here is NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 161 nearly N. and S. passes throsgh] this town a little W. of the centre. ! Here are those beautiful falls, known by the name of Isle of Hook- sett Falls. The descent of water is about 16 feet perpendicular in 30 rods. A high rock divides the stream, and a smaller rock lies be- tween that and the western shore. From an eminence, called the Pin- nacle, on the W. side, there is a delightful landscape ; the water above and below the falls, the ver- dant banks, the cultivated fields, and the distant hills in the back ground, form a picturesque scene, \*hich relieves the eye of the traveller from the dull uniformity of a road not rendered remarka ably pleasant. The soil in a con- siderable portion of this town is not of the most fertile character, but there are some excellent farms under a good state of cultivation, and the interests of agriculture re- ceive more attention than formerly. There is a small village on the W. side of the river, containing two taverns, two stores and a number of dwelling-houses and mechanics' shops. The Londonderry turnpike passes through this village. There is a strong and well built bridge over Merrimack river. Hooksett canal is in this town. It is 1-4 of a mile long — the fall is 16 feet per- pendicular. It cost $6,210. Hook- sett w^as detached from Chester, Goffstown and Dunbarton, and in- corporated as a separate town in June, 1822. No enumeration has been made of the number of inhab- itants. The number of voters is 150. A large and extensive cotton factory is soon to be built on the E. side of the river, which will add to the business and wealth of the place. HoPKiNTON, a post town, and one of the seats of justice in Hills- borough county, is situated in lat. 43° 11', and is bounded N. by War- ner and Boscawen, E. by Concord, S. by Bow, Dunbarton and Weare, and W. by Henniker. It contains 26,967 acres. It is 28 miles N. of Amherst, 7 W. of Concord, 46 N.E. of Keene, 30 S. E. of Newport, 50 W. of Portsmouth and 65 N.N.W. of Boston. Contoocook river flows from Henniker into the southwest- erly part of this town, and mean- ders in a N. E. direction. In its course it receives Warner and Blackwater rivers and several large brooks, and empties into Merrimack river at Concord. On these streams are some valuable tracts of inter- val and meadow lauds, which were laid out in small parcels, and are principally owned by persons who have upland farms. Widely ex- tended hills comprise a coiisidera- blepart of the surface S. of Con- toocook river. They were former- ly covered with a heavy growth of deciduous trees, interspersed with evergreens ; but these swells now exhibit many well cultivated farms. The declivities and vales are now found the most easy lands for culti- vation, producing fine crops of grass, corn, rye, &c. The hills on the N. of the river were formerly covered with white, black, and yellow oak. The intervening grounds and some bordering on the S. side of the river, were well clad with the vari- ous kinds of pine and other trees. The inhabitants are accommodated with numerous well made common roads, which arc kept in very good repair; but those of the greatest public travel through the town have been located anew in many places and are not well made. The Lon- donderry Branch turnpike extends about two miles through the S. E. part of the town. There is a pleas- ant village, 7 miles from the state- 1,62 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. house ill Concord, containing a con- gregational meeting house, a spa- cious town and court house, a jail, 42 dwelling houses, 4 stores and 4 attorneys' offices. There are in the town a second congregational meeting house, a baptist meeting house, 5 grist mills, 5 saw mills, 2 clothing mills, 1 trip hammer, and 2 mills for circular sawing clap- boards. There is a social library, containing 130 volumes. Hopkin- ton was granted by Massachusetts, Jan. 16, 1735, to John Jones and others, of Hopkinton in that state, and was called JVumber 5, and af- terwards JVew- Hopkinton. The first settlement was made about 1740, by emigrants from Hopkinton, Ms. In consequence of the French and Indian war, which commenced in 1744, the inhabitants were compel- led to leave the place, and the set- tlement was not resumed till after the conclusion of that war. This town suffered from Indian depreda tions. On the22d of April, 1746, six Indians, armed with muskets, tomahawks, knives, &c., broke into a garrison, and took prisoners eight Sersons, while in their beds, viz. Ir. Woodwell, his wife, two sons and a daughter, Samuel Burbank, and his two sons, Caleb and Jona- than. , 1796, by the legislature oi' this state, and received its present name, in honor of the illustrious Jefferson. During the war of the revolution. Col. Whipple was here captured in P2 his own house by a party of In- dians, headed by a white man. He requested and obtained leave to go into another room to change his ap- parel, and to take some necessary- articles for his march to Canada. Seizing the opportunity, he esca- ped from a back window, fled to the woods, where he eluded the search of his pursuers, and srfely arrived among other inhabitants. A Mr. Gotham, who then lived with the colonel, made his escape at the same time, and taking directly for the river, was fired upon while cros- sing it on a log ; the ball, however, did net reach him. The party plun- dered the house, and supplying themselves plentifully with provis- ions, departed without further out- rage. There are two school districts in this town. There is no settled minister, though a regular baptist church was sometime since formed and now exists. Pop. 252. John's PiIver, has its princi- pal source in Pondicherry, a pond of considerable magnitude in Jef- ferson. Its most southerly branch- es rise in Bretton-Woods, White- field and Daiton, and its northerly in Lancaster. These branches unite with the main stream in Dai- ton, which falls into the Connecti- cut about 60 rods above the head of the Fifteen-Mile falls — where its mouth is about 30 yards wide. This river, and Israel's, in Lancaster, derived their names from John and Israel Glines, two brothers, who hunted beaver and other animals on these rivers previous to the set- tlement of any part of the coun- ty- K. Kearsarge mountain, in the county of Hillsborough, is in lat. 43° 22', and situated between the towns of Sutton and Salisbury, ex- 166 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. tending into both towns. Tlie line between Wilmot and Warner pas ses over tlit- sumniit. Kearsarge is elevated 2461 feet above the level of the sea, and is the highest moun tain in Hillsborough county. Its summits are now a bare mass of granite, presenting an irregular and broken surface ; the sides are cover- ed wHh a thick growth of vi^ood. The prospect from this mountain is in a clear sky very wide and beautiful. Keene, a post-town, and the halfchire in Cheshire county,in lat. 42° 57', is bounded N. by Surry and Gilsum, E. by Sullivan and Roxbury, S. by Swanzey, S. E. by Marlborough, W. by Chesterfiek. and Westmoreland, containing by charter six miles square. But its limits have been reduced by contri- butions to Sullivan and Roxbury. both receiving large tracts from this town. It is 80 miles from Bos- ton, 60 from Dartmouth College, 43 from Windsor,40 from Amherst, and 55 from Concord. The soil consists of three kinds, viz. meadow or interval, light sandy plains, and upland. The latter lies on the out- skirts of the town, bounding on the E., W. and N. a flat or valley, con- sisting of the first and second kinds, and 3 miles in width and the same in extent from N. to S. This valley is divided in the centre by the Ashuelot river, and from the un- usual extent of level which it pre- sents, variegated by cultivation, af- fords a fine prospect to the traveller approaching it from the high land,by which it is surrounded. Ashuelot liver has its source in a pond in Washington, and discharges itself into the Connecticut at Hinsdale, 20 miles distant from Keene. (^e Ashuelot river.) Keene has been called one of the "prettiest villages" in New-England ; and President Dwight in his travels, pronounces it one of the pleasant- est inland towns he had seen. The principal village is situated on a flat, E. of the Ashuelot, nearly equidist- ant from that and the upland. It contains the meeting house, court house, bank, post-office, and 120 dwelling houses, besides a number of large stores and mechanic shops. It is particularly entitled to notice for the extent, width, and uniform level of its streets. The main street, extending one mile in a straight line, is almosfa perfect lev- el, and is well ornamented with trees. The buildings are good and well arranged. There is another village in the W, part of the town, containing a baptist meeting house and 15 or 20 dwelling houses. — Keene is a place of considerable business. It has an extensive bookstore and bindery, connected with a printing establishment; two glass factories established in 1814; and several stores unusually large for the country. The first newspa- per published here was the "New- Hampshire Recorder," by James D. Grifiith. It commenced in 1787; discontinued March 3,1791. "The Cheshire Advertiser" succeeded Jan. 1, 1792 ; was published one year,by Mr. Griffith. "The Colum- bian Informer," by Henry Blake, commenced April 3, 1793 ; was followed August, 1799, by ."The Rising Sun," published by C. Sturt- evant, jr. & Co. till August, 1798. The " New-Hampshire Sentinel," by John Prentiss, commenced n March, 17199, and next to the Gazette and Journal at Portsmouth, is the oldest paper in the State. — Keene was originally granted by Massachusetts. Its first settlement commenced about the year 1734,by Jeremiah Hall, Elisha Root, Nath- aniel Rockwood, Seth Heaton, Jo- siah Fisher, Nathan Blake and oth- NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 1G7 ers. Its original name was Upper Ashuelot. Il was incorporated with its present name, April 11 1753, which is derived from an En glish nobleman, perhaps Sir Benja- min Keene, British minister ai Spain and contemporary with Gov B. Wentworth, who granted the charter. In 1736, the settlement had so increased that a meeting house was erected, and in two years after, a minister was settled. But the usual scourge, which attended the frontier settlements, visited this town. In 1745, the Indians killed Josiah Fisher, a deacon of the church ; in 1746, they attacked the fort, the only protection of the in habitants. They were howeve: discovered by Capt. Ephrain Dorman in season to prevent their taking it. He was attacked by two Indians, but defended himself suc- cessfully against them, and reached the fort. An action ensued, in which John Bullard was killed Mrs. M'Kenney, who being out ot the fort, was stabbed and died •, and Nathan Blake taken prisoner, car- ried to Canada, where he remained two years. Mr. Blake afterwards returned to Keene, where he lived till his death, in 1811, at the age of 99 years and 5 months. When he was 94, he married a widow of 60. The Indians burnt all the buildings in the settlement, including the meeting house. The inhabitants continued in the fort until April 1747, when the town was abandon- ed. In 1753, they returned, and recommenced their settlements. — In 1755, the Indians again attacked the fort. Their number was great, and the onset violent, but the vig- ilance and courage of Capt. Syms successfully defended it. After burning several buildings, killing cattle, &c. they withdrew. This was in June. In July, they again invaded the town, but with little success. The congregational church was formed Oct. 18, 1738. Rev. Jacob Bacon, a native of Wren- iham, Ms. who graduated at Har- vard college in 1731, was ordained when the church was gathered. He remained the minister until April, 1747, when the settlement being broken up, he went to Plymouth. He died at Rowley in 1787, aged 81. Rev. Ezra Carpenter, a grad- uate of Harvard college in 1720, was settled over Keene and Swan- zey, Oct. 4, 1753 ; continued his relation to Keene till 1760. Rev. Clement Sumner, who graduated at Yale college in 1758, was ordain- ed June 11, 1761 ; dismissed April 30,1772. Rev. Aaron Hall,who grad- uated at Yale college in 1772, was ordained Feb. 19, 1778 ; died Aug, 12, 1814 Rev. David Oliphant, ordained May 25, 1815; dismissed Dec. 1, 1817. Rev. Zedekiah S. Barstow, a graduate of Yale col- lege in 1813, was ordained July 1, 1818. The church consists of near- ly 200 members. There have been 1185 baptisms. A baptist church was formed in 1816. Rev. Ferris Moore was ordained over it, Dec, 30,1819; dismissed March, 1821. Col. Isaac Wtman, an active and influential man, marched the Inst detachment of men from this town in the war of the revolution, and was present at the battle of Breed's Hill. Pop. 1895. Kensington, township, Rock- ingham CO., lat. 42° 47', is bound- ed N. by Exeter, E. by Hampton- Falls, S. by South-Hampton, W. by East-Kingston — and is 45 miles from Boston, 40 from Concord. It is nearly of a square form, and comprises 7,045 acres. This towE has no streams of any note ; its urface is pretty even. There is but one pond, and that is small, but 168 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. deep and muddy. Kensington was settled at an early period, and was originally a part of Hampton, from which it was detached and incor- porated April 1, 1737. It contain- ed more inhabitants at the com- mencement of the revolution than it does at present. The congre- gational church was established about the year 1737. The pastors who have been successively settled over it, are Rev. Jeremiah Fogg, ordained Nov. 1737, and died Dec. 1,1789; Rev. Napthali Shaw, or- dained Jan. 30, 1793, dismissed in 1812; Rev. Nathaniel Kennedy, ordained Jan. 13, 1813, dismissed June, 1816. Beside the congrega- tionalists, tliere is a baptist society and some friends. There is a so- cial library, incorporated in 1798. The Rev. Timothy Hilliard, late pastor of the first church in Cam- bridge, was a native of this town, born in 1746. He graduated at Har- vard college, first settled at Barnsta- ble, and afterwards at Cambridge, where he died May 9, 1790. Po[). ,709. KiLKENKY, Coos county, lat. 44° 27', is an irregular township, bounded W. by Jefterson and Lan- caster, N. by Piercy, E. by Paiwls- burgh, Maynesborough and Du- rand, S. by ungranted land. It con- tains 15,906 acres. This place was granted to Jonathan Warner, Esq. and others June 4, 1774, and con- tains but 24 iniiabilants — they are poor, and for aught that appears to the contrary, must always remain 90, as they may be deemed actual trespassers on that part of crea- tion, destined by its author for the residence of bears, wolves, moose, and other animals of the forest ! An exception, however, may pos sibly be made in favor of a narrow strip of land along the S. bounda- ry of the town. Pilot and Wil- lard's mountains, so called from a dog and his master, cover a consid- erable part of 'lis town. Willard, a hunter, had been lost two or three days on these mountains, on the E. side of which his camp was situa- ted. Each day, he observed, his dog Pilot left him, as he supposed, in pursuit of game ; but toward* night he would constantly return. Willard being on the second or third day nearly exhausted with fatigue and hunger, put himself un- der the guidance of his dog, who in a short time conducted him ia safety to his camp. Kingston, post-townShip, Rock- ingham county, is situated in lat. 42° 55' 15", and bounded N. by Brentwood, E. by East-Kingston, S. by Newtown and Plaistow, W. by Hampstead and Hawke. It is dis- tant from Concord 37 miles,from Ex- eter 6, from Portsmouth 20; and contains 12,188 acres, of which 800 are supposed to be water. There are-- several ponds in this town. The largest is Great pond, which lies on the W. of the village, and contains upwards of 300 acres, with an isl- and of 10 or 12 acres, covered with wood. Country pond, in the S. E. and partly in Newtown, contains about 200 acres, and has also an island of 6 or 8 acres cov- ered with wood. The other ponds are called Little, Moon, Long and Barberry ponds. Near the centre of the town is an extensive plain, on which is situated the principal village, the meeting-house, and the academy. There are no high hills in Kingston ; those called the Great hill andRockrimmon are the highest The former is on the post-road to Exeter ; the latter on the W. of the plain near Hawke line, and is a body of granite extending ever 20 or 30 acres, mostly covered with soil and a growth of wood. On its NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 169 W. side is an abrupt descent of| nearly 100 feet to the plain. The soil of Kingston is generally loamy bottomed on sand and gravel.though in some places clay predominates The plain is a rich loam and very fertile. The rocks are mostly gran ite, although green porphyry, and fragments of many other kind may be seen. No metallic ores have been discovered excepting iron, and that principally bog ore, foitnd in Great pond and the swamps. This was formerly wrought in considerable quantities, but with no great success. In some places red and yellow ochre have been found of a quality suitable for paint. The natural growth of wood was principally of the various kinds of oak and other hard timber, with ce dar in the swamps. The charter of Kingston was granted by Lt. governor Usher, Aug. 6, 1694, to James Prescott, Ebenezer Webster and others, from Hampton. The grant also comprehended what now forms the towns of East-Kingston, Hawke, and Sandown. Soon after the grant was made, the proprietors erected garrison houses on the plain, and commenced the cultiva- tion of their lands. They were discouraged, however, from the dan- gers and difficulties of the succeed- ing hostilities, and many of them returned home within two years. After the war closed, they renewed their enterprize, hut it was not un- til 1725, that they were able to pro- cure the settlement of a minister. Before the settlement of Hampton, the Indians resorted there for the ■variety of fish found in the ponds. During the wars, they were ex- tremely troublesome to the inhabi- tants, and several were killed. In 1707, Stephen and Jacob Oilman, brothers, were ambushed between Kingston and Exeter, but fortunate- ly escaped to the garrison. In 1712, Stephen Oilman and Ebenezer Ste- vens were wounded at Kingston, the former taken and put to death. Sept. 7, 1724, Jabez Colman and his son were killed while at work in their field. Four children were also taken, one escaped, and the others were afterwards redeemed. Many Indian implements, with some ancient French coin, have been ploughed up in the vicinity of the ponds, such as jasper and quartz arrow-heads, axes, gouges, and hammers of different kinds of stones. This town is generally healthy, though it has aftbrded no remarkable instances of longevity. Rev. Ward Clark was the first settled minister of Kingston, though religious services had been regular- ly performed for several years pre- vious to his settlement by Rev, Mr. Choate from Ipswich. Mr. Clark was ordained in 1725, and died in 1737, aged 34. He was succeeded by Rev. Joseph Se- combe, a learned divine, who died in 1760. In the year following. Rev. Amos Tappan was ordained ; he died in 1771. In 1776, Rev. Elihu Thayer, D. D. was installed, who preached until 1812, and died aged 65. Rev. John Turner, was installed over a new congregation- al society in 1818. Major Eben- ezer Steveas, one of the eafly settlers, was a very distinguished and useful citizen ; and such was his integrity and benevolence, that differences among the people were submitted to his decision with per- fect confidence. He sustained ma- ny important public functions, and discharged every duty with ability and faithfulness. His descendants now live in Kingston. This town was also the residence of the Hon, JosiAH Bartlett, one of the first worthies of the state, and asv 17© NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. eminent physician. He commen- ced his practice in Kingston in 1761, and soon acquired a reputa- tion for great skill, particularly in the treatment of the cynanche ma- ligna, or throat distemper, then so prevalent and mortal. His public career commenced in 1763, and from that time to his death he was an unwearied advocate and sup- porter of the liberties of America. He was for some time chief justice of the colony, afterwards president of the state, and the first governor onder its free constitution. He di- ed May 19, 1795, at the age of 65 years. Pop. 847. Lamprey river rises on the W. of Saddleback mountain in North- wood. Taking a S. course it pas- ses into Deerfield and thence into Raymond, where it receives a W. branch from Candia. Taking a S. direction it receives the waters of Jones' pond in Raymond ; and thence, as it flows through Epping, the Patuckavvay river unites with it. In its course through Lee and Durham, it receives the waters of North, Little and Piscassick rivers, and meets the tide about 2 miles above the Great Bay. Lancaster, a post-town, in the county of Coos, is situated in lat. 44° 29', on the southeastern l^ank of Connecticut river, which forms and washes its N. W. boun dar}', a distance of ten miles. It is bounded S. VV. by Dalton, S. b\ Whitefiel ) and Jefferson, E. and N. E. by Kilkenny and Northumber- land ; and lies distant 110 miles W, from Portland, 130 N. from Ports mouth, 95 almost due N. from Con cord, and 75 above Dartmouth College — containing about 2?, 480 acres. Besides the Connecticut, which is deep and about 22 rods in width while it passes through Lan- caster, tlie town is watered by Is- rael's river and several considera- ble brooks. Across this river a bridge and three dams are thrown; the waters from the last of which turn four grist and two saw-mills, three carding machines.and two ful- ling mills. There are several ponda in Lancaster, the largest of which is called Martin-meadow pond,from Martin, a hunter. This communi- cates with Little pond. The one covers perhaps 150, and the other 40 acres ; and both are situated in the southern part of the town. Lan- caster is situated near lofty moun- tains, but is not itself mountainous. There are three hills in the S. part of the town, called Martin meadow Hills; and the land in the S. E.part lies too high up the mountains for cultivation. The soil along the Connecticut is alluvial, the mead- ows extending back nearly three- fourths of a mile ; and at the moutli of Israel's river much farther. To these succeed a border of white pine or spruce land, which is gener- ally level and productive when prop- erlycultivated. The next region was covered in its natural state with a thick growth of sugar maple,beech, bass, ash.and other deciduous forest trees. In many places, however, the spruce and tir abound, particu- larly in the low lands,with here and there a cedar swamp. The larch and mountain ash are not unknown to the inhabitants of Lancaster, as the one occupies considerable tracts lietween the mendows and the high lands, and the other is scattered a- mongtlie other timber and under- brush. The village, or most com- pact part of the town,lies on a street extending from the bridge across Israel's river northwardly. There is a considerable number of build- ings on the southerly side of the ri- NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 171 ver, and on that side stands the meeting-house. At the northerly end of tlie street stand the court- house and jail. Previous to their incorporation, Lancaster, Northum- berland and Stratford in this state, and Lunenburg,Guildhall and Maid- stone, Vt. were designated by the Indian name of C005, which signi- fies crooked, and was originally ap- plied to that part of theConnecticut on which tiiese towns are situated. Lancaster was granted to Capt. Da- vid Page and others, July 5, 1763. In the fall of that year, he, with his family, and Edward B,iCknam and Emmons Stockwell, moveti in- to the town. They w^re its first settlers, and suffered the hardships which always attend emierants to new countries. David Page, son of the gentleman first mention- ed, had marked a path throug*^? the woods from Haverhill to Lancaster, -^ distance of 43 mih s, in June of that year •, and thi.s path was followed by the fan>- ily in the month of September fol- lowing to Lancaster. At that time, there was not a single inhabitant on the whole route. The war of tl e revolution tended to retard the set- tlement of the town. Every per- son above Captain Stockwell's, be- fore mentioned as one of the first settlers, h ft the country, and fled for safety to the older settlements. He patriotically resolved to stay and abide the consequences ; and by his example induced several others to do likewise. After the war closed, the town settled wit! considerable rapidity, and has since gradually increased in wealth and population. The number of deaths in Lancaster, from Juh 1794, to June 1814, was 121. In July 1794, about thirty years after the settlement of the place, a con- gregational church was gathered, and on the 18ih Sept. following. Rev. Joseph WiUfn-dwas installed as pastor. The town at that time contained thirty-six families. Be- sides his church and congregation, there is a regular baptist, and a methodist church in town : but no minister is settled over either. There are also christians of other denominations in town, but none who have regularly organized chur- ches, or places of public worship. Pop. 644. LAN DAFF, a township in Grafton county, in lat. 44° 7', is bounded N. E. by Concord and Franconia, E. by Lincoln, S. W. by Coventry, and W. by Bath, containing 29,200 acres. Its distance fiom Haverhill Corner is about 12 miles, and from Concord 90 miles. Wild Amoiioo* suck river runs fvom S. E. to N. W. tbro(r)'j;h the S. part of the town and rieariy parallel the whole distance with the S. W. boundary line. — Tbrougi' the north-w»*sterly ex- tremity passes the Great Anionoo- si'ck liver. Landaff irountain in ;e E. part. Cobble Hill in the cen- ire, and Bald hill in the W. are the principal elevations. The meeting house is near the N. W. part of the town. Tiie soil in some parts is ve- y fertile, and there is a number of good farms. Landaft' was granted Jan. 3, 1764, to James Avery and others, but the grantees not fulfil- ling the conditions of the charter, it was, agreeably to the usage then practised, declared by the goveinor and council to be forfeited. It was then granted to Dartmouth College; but after the revolution, the first grantees renewed their claim, al- leging that the adjudication of the forfeiture was irregular. One or two cases were tried by the proper judicature, and the lands awarded to the first proprietors. Its settle- ment had commenced under the 172 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. patronage of the government of D. College, whicli was at considerable expense in building mills, opening Toads and clearing lands, when, by the decision of the proper tribunal, this institution was compelled to a- bandon all tr.eir improvements. - Subsequent giants to the college, however, in some measure made up their loss. A baptist church wan formed here in 17B8. There are freewill and methodist societies, which have occasional preaching. Pop. 769. Langdon, post-township, Chesh- ire CO., in lat. 43° 10', is bounded N. by Charlestown, E. by Acworth, S. by Alstead and Waipole, W. by Walpole and Charlestown, contain- ing 9,891 acres. It is 17 miles from Keene, 60 from Concord. The prin- cipal village is 3 miles E. from Con- necticut river, and 6 from Bellows Falls. The soil here is adapted to grain of various kinds, and flax. — The agricultural products in 1820, were 12,000 lbs. butter, 16,000 lbs. cheese, 46,000 lbs. beef, 65,000 lbs. pork, 6,200 lbs. flax, with 337 bbls. cider. Cheshire turnpike, leading from Charlestown to Keene, passes through Langdon. A considerable branch of Cold river passes S. W. through the whole extent of this town, and unites with the main branch near the S. line. Langdon, named in honor of the late Gov. Langdon, was incorporated Jan. 11, 1787. Its settlement commenced by Seth Walker, in 1773; Nathan- iel Rice and Jonathan Willard, in 1774. A congregational church w-as formed Nov. 8, 1792 ; and a univer- sal church April 5, 1805, over which Rev. Abner Kneeland was ordain- ed Oct. 30, 1805 ; dismissed in 1810. In 1817, Rev. Robert Bartlett com- menced preaching in this place. A new congregational church and so- ciety were formed in 1820. Pop. 654. Lebanon, post town, in Graftom* county, on Connecticut river, in lat. 43° 38', is bounded N. by Hanover, E. by Enfield, S. by Plainfield, W. by Hartford, Vt. containing 23,000 acres. It is 4 miles S. of Dartm. College, 49 from Concord, 90 from Portsmouth, and 110 from Boston. Besides the Connecticut on its W. border, this town is watered bj Mascomy river, running from E. to W. through its centre, and afford- ing many valuable mill seats and a constant supply of water. Over this river, the 4th N. H. turnpike corpo- ration supports 5 bridges, and the town 4. The soil here is alluvial. Th» intervals on the Connecticut extend back from the river about half a mile. There are meadows or intervals on Mascomy river. To these succeed a border of white pine and oak. The next division is sugar maple, birch, beech, bass, ash, hemlock, &c. The mountain ash is found in almost all the hilly parts of the town. The principal village is situated on a plain near the cen- tral part, at the head of the falls of Mascomy river. It contains be- tween 40 and 50 families, has a meeting-house, 2 school-houses, 3 stores, 2 taverns, and a number of mechanics. There is a social libra- ry containing upwards of 300 vols. The Croydon turnpike intersects the 4th N. H. turnpike in this village. The former runs S. E. ; the latter from E. to W. There are falls in the Connecticut in this town, which have been locked and canalled by a company called the White River Company. Lyman's bridge con- nects this town with Hartford. Vt. A medicinal spring has lately been discorered. A lead mine has been opened, and there has been lately found on Enfield line, near the out- NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 173 let of the Great pond, a vein of iron ore, composed of the magnetic ox- ide, mixed with the pyrites. Leba- non was granted July 4, 1761, to 62 proprietors, belonging to Norwich, Mansfield and Lebanon, Conn. The first settlers were William Downer, William Dana, Levi Hyde, Charles Hill, Silas Waterman, Nathaniel Porter, from the towns just men- tioned. It was the first town set- tled on Connecticut river to the N. of Charlestown. The first settlers were a hardy, brave people.tenacious of their principles ; many of them were men of strong minds, good habits, correct principles, and good common education. A congrega- tional church was formed in 1771. Rev. Isaiah Potter was installed in 1772, and died in 1817. A baptist church was formed in 1782 by Rev Jedidiah Hibbard. A universalist society was formed in 1813. Thorn as Waterman, Esq., now a resident in town, was the first male child born in Lebanon. Pop. 1700. Lee, post-town, in the S. part ol Strafford countjs is in lat. 43° 7,' and bounded N. by Madbury, E. by Durham, S. by New-Market and Epping, W. by Nottingham and Harrington, and comprises an area of 11,625 acres, 300 of which are water. In the N. part of the town lies Wheelwright's pond, contain ing about 165 acres, and forming the principal source of Oyster river. This pond is remarkable for the sea or white perch formerly taken here by angling in large quantities weighing 2 and 3 lbs. From the N E. extremity of Epping, Lamprey river enters Lee, and aftera serpen tine course of about 7 miles, it pas ses into Durham. Other parts of he town are watered by Little, North, and Oyster rivers. There are in Lee 3 bridges over Lamprey river, 3 over Little, 2 over North, and 6 over Oyster rivers. The N. H. turnpike from Portsmouth to Concord, ;^asses over the N. part of the town ; and there are 40 miles, 300 rods of public highway, mostly in good repair, supported by the in- habitants. Here is a woollen fac- tory, besides other mills and ma- chinery ; also a social library in- corporated in 1814, containing a- bout 100 volumes. The freewill baptists and friends have each a meeting-house. The first settled minister was Rev. Samuel Hutchins. Elders Elias Smith and Richard Martin, preached here subsequent- ly ; and Eld. John Osborne, is the present pastor. Lee was originally a part of Durham, and was incor- porated Jan. 16, 1766. Pop. 1224 Lempster, post-township in Cheshire county ,in lat, 43° 14', is bounded N. by Unity,E. by Goshen and Washington, S. by Marlovv and W. by Acworth, containing 21,410acres, It is 40 miles from Concord and 90 from Boston. The surface is, in general, uneven, ancj the eastern part is mountainous, it being the W, border of the height of land between Merrimack and Connecticut rivers. The soil is moist — and better suited for gra^ than for grain, The agricultural products in 1820 v.-ere 16,000 lbs. of butter, 25,000 lbs. of cheese, 55,000 lbs. of beef, 61,000 lbs. of pork, 2100 lbs. of flax, and 220 V-arrels of cider. The town is well watered, although its streams are small. One branch of Sugar river, and the S. and W. branches of Cold river afford conveniences for water ma- chinery. Near the W. boundary line is a pond 320 rods long and 80 wide. Sand pond lies in this town and Marlow. It is 420 rods long, and 70 wide. Dodge's pond, near the centre of Lempster, contains about 50 acres. There is a factory 174 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. for dressing cloth, one of the best in the county, which dresses about 8000 yards of cloth annually. Here is a social library, containing about 300 volumes. Lerapster was grant- ed by charter, October 5, 1761, to Richard Sparrow and 61 others. It was settled about 1770, by emi- grants from Connecticut. A con- gregational church was gathered in Nov. 1761, in which there have been 173 admissions and 614 bap- tisms. Rev. Elins Fisher was or- dained Sept. 26, 1787. There is a methodist society of about 30 mem- "bers. Pop. 950. Lime, a post township, Grafton CO., in lat. 43° 48', is hounded N. by Orford, E. by Dorchester, S. by Hanover, W. by Tlietford, Vt. con- taining 28,500 acres. It is 6 miles S. from Orford, and 54 miles from Concord. The soil here is similar to that of other towns on Connecti- cut river, v\«th this difference, that there is a less proportion of inter- val, and a less. difference between that directly adjoining the river and the other parts of the town. There are three small streams pas- sing through Lime and Emptying into Connecticut river. There are two small ponds, the largest of which is called Ports pond, lying W. of the turnpike and about one mile N. of the meeting-house. — There is a mountain, called Smart's mountaiti, lying in the N. E. part of the town. Near .the centre of Lime is the town-house, a large building, in which public business is transacted. There are 2 meeting houses, the congregational, built in 1811, at an expense of $6000, ex- clusive of the bell, weighing 13 cwt. —the baptist, which is situated on the turnpike leading through this lovvn, and is 2 miles above the cen- tre village. There is a handsome 'parsonage belonging to the congre- gational society. There is a social library of 300 volumes, incorporat- ed in Dec. 1797. The annual num- ber of deaths for 20 years past has varied from 12 to 32 — average 20 per anriam. Lime was granted by charter, July 8, 1761, to Theodore Atkinson and others. It was settled May 20, 1764, by Walter Fairfield, John and William Sloan and others from Connecticut. It received its name from Lyme in that state. The difference of orthography is owing to the mis-spelling of the name in the charter. The congregational church was formed in 1772. Rev. William Conant was ordained in Dec. 1773; died March 8, 1810, aged 67. Rev. Nathl. Lambert was installed Jan. 1811 ; dismissed Septem. 6, 1820. Rev. Baxter Perry was ordained Jan. 1821. There are 163 commu- nicants, of whom 78 were added to the church in one year. There is a baptist church which was formed in 1810. Capt. John Sloan and his wife, about 90 years of age each, were living in 1822. Hon. Jona- than Franklin, who has been a member of tlw3 council and rep- resentative in the legislature, has resided in this town 46 years. Pop. 1824. Lincoln, a mountainous tow'n- ship in Grafton county, lat. 44<^ 4', is bounded N. by Francohia, S. by Peeling, E. by Thornton and un- granted lands, W. by Landaff, cOn- taining 32,456 acres, and is 70 mil^s N. from Concord. The middle branch of the Pemigewasset passes through nearly the centre of the tovi^n. It has its source in Ferrin's pond, in the S. part of Franoonia. There are several ponds, viz. Bog, Fish and Loon ponds. There are many elevations, of which Kins- man's mountain is the most consid- erable. In the N. part of the town are ijvo large gulfs, made by an es- NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 17^ uaordinary discharge of water from the clouds in 1774. Tlie numerous! " slips," as they are called, from the mountain are worthy of no- tice. They coramence near the summit of the mountain, and pro ceed to its base, forcing a passage through all obstructions. The soil here iu many parts is unfit for cul tivation. The vegetable produc- tions are often injured or destroyed by frosts. Wild animals, such as bears, racoons, foxes, sables, otters, r many 5'ears a considerable source of their early •prosperity. Milis vvtre erected 178 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. immediately upon their first settle- ment, and within the first year a conv-enient dwelling-house, two stories high was built for their min ister. This house, the timber of which is entirely sound and the house in good repair, is now occu- pied by John Morrison, Esq., a de- scendant of one of the early set- tlers. Within two years from the first settlement, a meeting-house was erected, and within six years it appears, that four schools were kept in the town during half the year. Conclusive evidence of the rapid progress of the town exists in the fact, that within nine years from its first settlement, it paid more than one fifteenth part of the state tax although the old and then extensive towns of Portsmouth, Dover, Exeter, and Hampton had been settled more than a century, and several other towns had been long settled. Within five years Irom the settlement of the town, Mr. McGregore's church consisted of 230 members. Mr. McGregore died March 5, 1729, at the Jige of 52 years; he was distinguished for talents, a sound judgment, and great prudence, and was eminently useful to the town in regard to its civil concerns, as well as by the discharge of his professional duties. He was succeeded by Pi-ev. Matthew Clark a native of Ireland,' who had in early life been an officer in the army and distin- guished himself in the defence of the city of Londondwry, when be- sieged by the army of King James II. A. D. 1688-9. He afterwards relinquished a military life for the clerical profession. He possessed a strong mind, marked by a consid- erable degree of eccentricity. He died Jan. 25, 1735, and was borne to the grave at his particular re- quest by his former companions in arms, of whom there uere a con- siderable number among the early settlers of this town ; several of whom had been made free from tax- es, throughout the British domin- ions by King William.for their bra- very in that memorable siege. In 1733, Rev. Thomas Thompson, a native of Ireland, was ordained as the colleague of Mr. Clark, and died Sept. 22, 1798, aged 38. The Rev. William Davidson, a native of Ireland, succeeded him in 1739; and continued in the ministerial office till his death, Feb. 15, 1791, at the age of 79 years. In 1795, he was succeeded by Rev. Jona- than Brown, who was in 1804, dis- missed at his own request. Sep- tember 12, 1810, Rev. Edward L. Parker, the present minister of the original, or east parish, was settled. In 1735, the town voted, that the inhabitants of the W. part of the town should become a sep- arate parish ; and in 1737, this parish settled Rev. David McGreg- ore, a son of the first minister of the town. In 1 739, the parish was incorporated. Mr. McGregore di- ed May 30, 1777, at the age of 67 years : he was a man eminent for piety, talents, eloquence, and de- votion to the cause of civil liberty. He was succeeded in 1783 by Wil- liam Morrison, D. D. a native of Scotland, distinguished for his pie- ty, talents, and liberality of mind. Dr. Morrison died March 9, 1818, at the age of 70, and was succeed- ed Jan. 16, 1822, by Daniel Dana, D. D. The two parishes possess funds to nearly the amount of <^0,000, principally of the dona- tion of Maj. John Pinkerton, the same benevolent individual, who endowed the academy designated by his name. This worthy man, whose name and character deserve to be held in veneration, came from NEW-HAMPfeHIRE GAZETTEER. 17§ Ireland to Londonderry with his parents in infancy. He was through life distinguished for a laudable economy and persevering industry, and not less so for his charity to the poor and unfortunate. He died in 1818, at the age of 81. There have been in this town many re- markable instances of longevity. Of its early settlers and their chil- dren, born within 20 years after the first settlement of the town, more than 100 persons are known to have reached the age of 80 years and upwards. Of this number 25 are known to have been more than 90 years of age ; six of the natives of this town, above the age of 90 are now living. One individual, William Scoby, died at the age of 110, and when 100 years old,lravel- led on foot to Portsmouth, more than 35 miles in one day. A com- pany of 70 men from this town, under the com.mand of Capt. George Reid, were in the battle of Breed's hill, and about the same number were in that at Bennington, in which Capt. David M'Clary one of their citizens, a distinguished and brave officer, was killed. Thirt}-- one of the natives of this towii have received a collegiate educa- tion, ©f whom twenty-two are now alive. Of tliis number 12 have entered the professioH of divinity, and 10 that of the law. Of the natives of this town, who have sus- tained public offices, military and civil, are Maj. Gen. John Stark and Col. George Reid, officers of the army of the revolution. Joseph M'Keen, D. D. first president of Bowdoin college ; Arthur Liver- more, Jonathan Steele, and Samu- el. Bell, judges of the superior court ; the latter of v/hom, from 1819 to 1823, was governor of this state and discharged the duties of that station to the universal satis- faction of the people. He is now senator in Congress. Robert Wal- lace and Hugh Ramsay, judges of the court of common pleas ; George Reid, sheriff of the county of Rock- ingliam. Amongst the descendants of the early settlers, are Jeremiah Smith, late chief justice of the su- perior court; Gen. James Miller, and Col. John M'Neil, distinguish- ed officers in the late war with Great Britain. Amongst those, who, though not natives, were in- habitants from early life, are Mat- thew Thornton, a delegate from New-Hampshire, to Congress, and one of the signers of the Declara- tion of Independence, and one of the first judges of the superior court after the commencement of the revolution ; and John Prentice, for several years attorney general of the state. Pop. 3127. Long Bay, at the head of Win- nepisiogee river, lies between Gil- ford and Meredith. The waters of the lake Winnepisiogee pass through this bay into the river of that name. Loudon, post-town, Rocking- ham county, lat. 43° 19', is bound- ed N. W. by Canterbury, N. E. by Gilmanton, S. E. by Pittsfieid and Chichester, S. W. by Concord, and contains 28,257 acres. Sou- cook river passes from Gilmanton S. through Loudon, furnishing val- uable mill privileges. There is some good interval on its borders. The soil is various — the natural growth in the E. part of the towii sugar maple and beech ; in the S. and W. pine, oak and chesnut, Soucook village, the seat of the principal business in town, is i» the S. part of the town on a pleas- ant site E. of the river ; it contains 40 buildings, and is 4 miles from the centre meeting-house. Loudon was originally a part of Canterbu- 180 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. ry ; was incorporated Jan. 23,1773, and the first town meeting was liol- den March 23, same year. Settle- ments had been made in 1760, by Abraham and Jethro Bachelder and Moses Ordway. A congregation- al church was formed in 1784 ; and in 1789, Rev. Jedidiah Tucker was ordained. He was dismissed in 1810, and died in 1818, aged 57. Rev. Enoch Corser was ordained in 1816. There is also a freewill baptist society in Loudon. Pop. 1694. Lovewell's Pond. See Wake- Jield. Lymak, a township on Connec- ticut river, in Grafton county, in lat. 44° 15', is bounded N. W. by Barnet, Vt. N. E. by Littleton, S. E. by Concord, in Grafton coun- ty, and W. by Bath. It is 13 miles above Haverhill, 90 miles from Concord, and 155 from Boston. The soil . and productions are similar to those on Connecticut iriver in the N. part of the state. Pine and hemlock are among the prerailing forest trees. There is one considerable elevation, called on the Map of N. H., Gardner's moun- tain, but generally known fay the name of Lyman's mountain. It is in fact a continuation of Gardner's mountain, which extends from Bath through this town in nearly a N. and S. direction. The N. W. branch of Burnfeam's river has its source from this mountain. The N. E. branch comes from Partridge pond in Littleton and this town. There are several ponds in the E. part of Lyman, through the largest of which, Burnham's river has its course. The lower bar of the Fifteen-Mile falls is in this town. Carleton's falls "are several miles below, and below these is Ste- vens' ferrj', which communicates with Bamet. it is said thitt cop- per and emery, intermixed with iron ore, have been found here. Lyman was granted Nov. 10, 1761, to a number of proprietors,of whom was Daniel Lyman, from whom it probably received its name. Of the three first families who settled here, there were 20 sons, of whom 19 were living a few years since. Seventeen of them lived in Ly- man. The spotted fever in 1812» attacked 70 persons, of whom only one died. Pop. 1270. Lyme. See Lime. LYNDEBOROUGH.post-townshi p in Hillsborough county, in lat. 42'' 53', is bounded N. by Francestown, E. by N. Boston and Mont- Vernon, S. by Milford and Wilton, and W. by Temple and Greenfie]d,contain- ing 20,767 acres. It is 10 miles from Amherst,and 35 from Concord; — It is an elevated township, having a considerable mountain which divides it from E. to W. — There is, in the N. E. part of the town, below the mountain, a plain, over which the 2d N. H. turnpike passes, where there is a small vil- lage, pleasantly situated near Pis* cataquog river. The soil of this town, though stony, is deep and strong. For grazing it ife, perhaps, not exceeded by any town in the county. The sti'eams are small, originating principally from sourc- es in the town, and running N. a«iQ S. from the mountain. There is one small natural pond, not far from the meeting-house, which stands on an eligible spot S. of the mountain. There is a small foun- dry for casting articles of hol- lov/ ware. There is a social library containing from 200 to 300 volumes. One native, Caleb Hus- ton, has received a collegiate edu- cation — graduated at Williams' college in 1812. Lyndeborough was originally granted by Mass»« NEWHAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. l«l chusetts to Capt. Samuel King and 59 others, who went on the Canada expedition in 1690. From tl)is cir- cumstance and from some of the proprietors belonging to Salem, it was called Salem- Canada. In 1753, Benjamin Lynde, Esq. of Salem, purchased a considerable part of the townsiiij), and adjoining lands. F'rom him, tlie place, when it was incorporated, April 23, 1764, took the name of Lj-ndeborough. It was settled as early as 1750. The ear- liest names were Putnam, Cham- berlain and Cra.m, who emigrated from Massachusetts. The congre- gational church was founded in 1757. Rev. John Rand, wiio grad- uated at Harvard college in 1748, was ordained Dec. 3, 1757 ; dismis- sed April 8, 1762. Rev. Sewall Goodrich, who graduated at Har- vard College in 1764, was ordained Sept. 7, 1768 ; died in March 1809. Rev. A'^athaniel Merrill, a gradu- ate of Dartmouth college in 1809, was ordained Oct. SO, 1811. On the 15th Nov. 1809, three children were burnt in a barn, while their parents were attending an installa- tion at Mont- Vernon. In the winter of 1812, the spotted fever prevailed here, of whicli 13 persons died witii- in about as many days. The num- ber of deaths for the last 10 years has been 160. Pop. 1200. M. i Mad river rises among the moun- tains in the ungranted lands of Grafton county, about 10 miles N. of Sandwich. Talking a S. W. course, it crosses the S. E. extrem- ity of Thoraton, and falls into the Pemigewasset river near tlie centre of Campton. Madbxjry, Strafford county, lat. 43° 10', is a small township of about 12 square miles, bounded N, E. byh Dover, S. W. by Durham and Lee, N. W. by Barrington. Its greatest length is about 7 miles, the extreme easterly point extending to the tide water of a branch of the Pascataqua, about 5 miles above Portsmouth. The soil of tlxis town is generally productive. The valleys consist of a proportion of clay, and the high- er lands are a mixture of sand and loam, with very few stones. In some parts of the town, bog iron ore has been dug up in considera- ble quantities, and in some instan- ces red and yellow ochre. Bella- my bank river is the only stream of any magnitude, and Barbadoes pond the only considerable body of water. This pond lies between Dover and Madbury, and is 120 rods long, 50 wide. Madbury for- merly constituted a part of the an- cient town o{ Dover ; but was set off and incorporated May 31, 1755, by the present name. No church can with propriety be said to have been established. In 1758, Rev. Samuel Hyde commenced preach- ing, and continued until 1770, but no regular church was organized. Rev. Elipiiaz Chapman officiated from 1771 until 1773; when Eld. William Hooper, a baptist, former- ly of Berwick, commenced preach- ing and continued several years. There is one meeting-house in Mad- bury, but no settled minister. There are a considerable number of friends in this town belonging to the society at Dover. The inhabi- tants are mostly industrious agri- culturalists ; and as there are nei- ther stores or taverns in town, in- temperance is not frequent among them. Pop, 559. Manchester, a township, in Hillsborough county, lies on the E. side of ^Jerrimack river, by which it is bounded on the W. for 8 mile.ike and the Fitzwilliam Branch turnpike pass through this town. The annual number of deaths for the last 25 years has averaged about 13. Marlborough was grant- ed by charter, April 29, 1751, to Timothy D wight, Esq. and 61 oth- ers. The conditions of the grant not being seasonably complied with on account of the Indian and French war, the claims of forfeit- ure incurred by the grantees was suspended by another charter, Sept. 21, 17>.4. The first settle- oient commenced about 1760, by a Mc.AJistei, William Barker, Abel Woodward, Be«j. Tucker and Dan- iel Goodenough. The town was ucorporated Dec. 13, 1776. A congregational church was founded in 1778, and Rev, Joseph Cum- mings was ordained in Nov. the same year. He was dismissed in Dec. 1780. He graduated at Har- vard College in 1768. Rev. Hollo- way Fish was ordained Sept. 25, 1793. Lt. Col. Andrew Colbum, an officer killed in the revolutiona- ry war, belonged to this town. Pop. 766. Marlow, post-township, in Cheshire county, in lat. 43° 1', is bounded N. by Acworth and Lemp- ster, E. by Washington and Stod- dard, S. by Gilsum, W. byAlstead, containing 15,937 acres. It is 15 miles from Keene, and 45 from Concord. Ashuelot river passes through almost the whole length of the town. There are no ponds of note, nor any mountains. The soil is rather wet, but considerably productive. There are large tracts of meadow land on Ashuelot river and other streams, of an excellent quality. The land is generally un- even, but not very rocky. It pro- duces the various kinds of grain — is also very favorable for flax and 184 NEW HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. potatoes. The agricultural prod- ucts in 1820, were 14,400 lbs. of butter, 21,000 lbs of cheese, 40,000 lbs. of beef, 44,000 lbs. of pork, 3,400 lbs. of flax, with 150 barrels of cider ; also 5 tons of pearl-ashes. Marlow was chartered Oct. 7, 1761, to William Noyes and 69 others, residing principally in Lime, Conn. The first settlers were Joseph Tubbs, Samuel and John Giistin, N. Royce, N. Miller, Nathan Hunt- ley, Solomon Mack, Solomon Gee, Eber Lewis and others. The first town meeting was in March, 1766. In 1772, there were 29 families. — The first inhabitants were baptists. They soon formed a baptist church and in Jan. 1778, settled Rev. Ca- leb Blood, who was dismissed March 9, 1779. Rev. Eleazar Beckwith "Succeeded, and preached till his death in 1809. There is a method- ist society, over which Rev. Paul Dustiu was settled by a vote of the town, May 12,1807. He died Feb. 15,1811. Tliere is also a society of iiniversalists. Pop. 597. Mascomy, a river in Grafton county, rises S. of Smart's moun- tain, lying in Lime and the N. W part of Dorchester. It has a S course through Dame's Gore to Canaan, where it receives the waters of G(*ose pond and Heart pond, and also its E. branch. It proceeds to Enfield, receiving the waters of several ponds, and there empties itself into Mascomy pond. The outlet of this pond is at its W. extremity in Lebanon, where it becomes a considerable stream, which after a course of 7 miles, falls into the Connecticut r'ver a few miles below Lyman's bridge. See Enfield. MASC03IT pond lies principally ii» Enfield and partly in Lebanon. It contains a surface of between 2000 and 3000 acres. Su Enfield. Massabesick, a pond. Set Chester. Mason, a township in Hillsbo- rough county, in lat. 42° 45', is bounded N. by Temple and Wil- ton, E. by Milford and Brookline, S. by Townsend and Ashbyin Ms., and W. by New-Ipswich, contain- ing 18,860 acres. It is 15 miles from Amherst, 43 front Concord and 60 from Boston. The surface is uneven; the hills are chiefly large swells, with narrow valleys betweea them. The streams , are rapid. There are no natural ponds. The principal meadows were formerly beaver ponds. Souhegan is the principal stream affording many fine mill seats. The small streams run into Nashua river and into Ta- napus or Potanipo pond in Brook- line. The soil in the E. part is rather light — the forest trees,white, red and yellow oak, walnut, pine and chesnut. The W. part is mostly a strong deep soil, red or» dark loam, but stony. It is good for grass and grain.' The natural growth, red oak, hemlock, beech, maple, birch, &c. The soil »f the high lands was greatly injured by fires in the forests previous to its settlement. The 3d N. H. turn- pike passes through the S. W. part of this town about 3 miles. In Souhegan village, there is a cotton factory in 2 large buildings,one con- taining 500 spindles, with the ne- cessary apparatus for carding and spinning, including a* double speed- er ; in the other building are IB power looms. There is also a large woollen factory, containing 5 sets of cards, a spinning machine known by the name of a Brewster, 4 power looms for satlinett, and 6 broad looms, which can turn out 20 yards of broad cloth per day. There is also in this tovm a starch manufactory, which manufactures NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 185 4000 or 5000 bushels of potatoes into starch, per annum. In 1820, 30,000 lbs. and in 1821, 26,000 lbs. of this useful article were manu- factured. Eight pounds of starch can be made from one bushel of potatoes. Mason was granted by charter, Aug. 26, 1768. It was formerly known by the name of JVb. 1. The first effort to settle this place was in 1751, and the next year a permanent settlement was made by Enoch Lawrence, from Pepperell, Ms. Deac. Nathan Hall, who died May 7, 1807, aged 92, was an early settler. Jonathan Foster, another early inhabitant, lived to exceed 100 years. The congregational church was formed in 1772, and consisted of 12 males and 9 females. Rev. Jonathan Searle was ordained Oct. 14, 1772 ; dismissed about 1782. Bev. Eben- ezer Hill, who graduated at Har- vard college in 1786, was ordained in 1790. A baptist church was con- stituted in 1786, and Rev. William Eliot was ordained their pastor. Pop. 1300. MayneSborough, an uninhab- ited township in Coos county, lat. 440 27/, is bounded N. by Pauls- burgh, E. by Success, S. by Shel- burne and Durand, W. by Kilken- ny. It is 125 miles from Concord; contains 31,154 acres; and was granted Dec. 31, 1771, to Sir Wil- liam Mayne, bart., Robert, Thomas and Edward Mayne and others, of Barbadoes. The Ameriscoggin pas- ses through the E. part of this town, and the Upper Amonoosuck through the W. Meredith, a post-town, in Siraflford county, in lat. 43° 36', is bounded N. by Centre-Harbor and Winnepisiogee lake, N. E. and E. by said lake and river, S E. by Great bay, S. and S. W. by San- bornton, W. and N. W. by Nevr- R Hampton and Centre-Harbqr. This town was incorporated Dec. 30, 1768, and was first called JVew-Sa- km. It lies distant from Concord about 29 miles ; from Portsmouth, 63 miles; and from Washington city, 531 miles. Meredith contains 2 post-offices, 4 houses for public worship, 13 school houses, 2 distil- leries, and a convenient number of mills and machines. There is in this town a pond adjoining Cen- tre-Harbor, about 2 miles long and 1 wide, emptying into Great bay, near the village ; besides this there are several smaller ponds. There is probably no town in the country more pleasantly and advantageous- ly situated, or of a better soil, than Meredith. The waters of the Win- nepisiogee washing the boundaries of a great part of the town, convey many heavy mercantile articles to, and from almost the doors of sev- eral of the inhabitants in the sum- mer ; and in the winter, the ice serves as a level and easy road. Near the upper or N. W. part of the town, the traveller passing along the road, is presented with a very beautiful landscape. On the E. and S. E. the placid Winnepisiogee, the largest lake in New-Hampshire, with its numerous islands, arrests the eye, and bounds the circle of vision in a S. E. direction. On the N. E. Ossipee mountain rises boldly to view. On the N.,the prospect is intercepted by Red hiil, a pleasant and noted emisence in Moultonborough, only a few miles distant. At Meredith Bridge is a handsome and flourishing village, and the seat of much business. It is connected with the principal vil- lage of Gilford by abridge over th^ Winnepisiogee. There are socie-* ties of congregationalists and bap- tists in this town, the former under the care of Rev. David Smith i 1«6 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. the latter in charge of Elder Par- ker Fogg. Hon. Ebene^er Smith, moved into this town at an early period of its settlement, and was as a father to the new settlers for many years. He was for ttiany years a justice of the peace, and judge of probate ; and for two years president of the senate. He died at Meredith, Aug. 22, 1807, aged 73 ; and will long be remembered with veneration and respect. Pop. 2416. Merrimack, one of the prin- cipal rivers of New-England, is formed of two branches. The N. branch called Pemigewasset, rises near the Notch of the White-Moun- tains, and passes southwardly through a corner of Franconia,Lin- coln, Peeling, Thornton and Camp- ton, forming the boundary between Plymouth and Holderness, and also the boundary line between the counties of Strafford and Grafton from the S. corner of Holderness to its junction with the Winnepis- iogee. It receives several consid- erable branches in its course — Mad river in Campton, Baker's in Ply- mouth ; and streams flowing frora Squam and Newfound lakes, with numerous small tributaries. The E. branch is the Winnepisiogee, through which pass the waters of the lake of that name. The de- scent of this branch from the lake to its junction with Pevnigewasset is 232 feet. The confluent stream bears the name of Merrimack, and pursues a S. course, 78 miles, to Chelmsford, Mass. ; thence an E. course, 35 miles to the sea at New- buryport. On the N. line of Con- cord, the Contoocook di<;cV;arges its waters into the Merrimack. The Soucook becomes a tributary^ in Pembroke, and the Suncook be- tween Pembroke and AUenstown. The Piscataquog unites in Bedford ; the Souhegan in Merrimack, and a beautiful river called Nashua in Dunstable. The principal tribu- taries are on the W. side of the river, mostly rising in the highlands between the Connecticut and Mer- rimack. There are numerous falls in this river, the most noted of which are Garven's, in Concord, the falls in Hooksett, and Amos- keagin Manchester. See jimos- keag, 8fc. These falls are all i-en- dered passable by locks, and boat navigation has for several years been extended as far as Concord. There are several bridges over the Merrimack and its principal bran- ches, besides a number of ferries^ The Merrimack, whose fountains are nearly on a level with the Con- necticut, being much shorter in its course has a far more rapid de- scent to the sea than the latter riv- er. Hence the intervals on its bor- ders are less extensive, and the scenery less beautiful than on the Connecticut. It is, however, a majestic river ; its waters are gen- erally pure and healthy ; and on its borders are situated some of the most flourishing towns in the state. The name of this river was origin- ally written Merramacke and Monnowake, which in the Indian language signified a sturgeon. Its width varies from 50 to 120 rods ; and at its mouth it presents a beau- tiful sheet of half a mile in width. For notices of the canals and bridges on this river, see pp. 14, 17. Merribiack, a post-town in Hillsborough county, in lat. 42° 51', is bounded N. by Bedford, E. by Litchfield, S. by Dunstable and W. by Amherst, containing 19,361 acres. It is 6 miles from Amherst, 27 from Concord and 45 from Bos- ton. Merrimack river waters its E. border through its whole extent, opening a communication by water NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 187 from this place to Boston. Souhe gan enters this town from Amherst pursues a winding course to the Merrimack, where it discharges itself one mile above Thornton's ferry. There are fine water privi leges on this stream. At the mouth of it is a valuable factory, which was erected in room of one, owned by Isaac Riddle, Esq. & Sons which was consumed by fire, June 10, 1818, with a loss of $6000. This factory has lately enlarged it.' plan' of operation, and bids fair to become one of the best establish- ments of the kind in the county A small village is sitnated in its vi cinity, which is a place of consid erable business. Babboosuck brook issuing from Babboosuck pond in Amherst, empties into Souhegan river, and Penichook brook from a pond in Hollis, forms the southern boundary. Tliis town presents no remarkable peculiarity of surface It may be considered a level tract, having but few hills, and those not %vorthy of particular notice. The soil in various places is very fertile, but a considerable portion of the land is plain. There are some fine intervals on the Merrimack. The wealth and population have not in- creas«d as might have been expect- ed from its local advantages. Some of the best and most extensive wa- ter privileges the county affords, about 1 1-2 mile from the Merri- mack, on Souhegan river, lie un- improved. This town claims the first discovery in this region of ma- king what are called Leghorn bon- nets. They were first made sever- al years since by the Misses Bur- naps, who are deserving much credit for their eviterprize in this species of manufacture. Some of their bonnets have been sold at auction in Boston for $50. This f.own was formerly caUed Souhegan East. All that part S. of Souhegan river was included in the Dunstable grant. The remainder belonged to Number 5, of the Narraganset townships. (See Bedford.) It was incorporated by charter, April 2, 1746, having been settled about 13 years. A Mr. Hassell was among the first settlers, and his daughter was the first person born in town. The first house in this town was built many years before any perma- nent settlement was made. It was erected on the margin of the river for a house of trafiic withthe In- dians. It was called Cromwell's house, and was occupied by John Cromwell, originally from England, but last from Boston. For some time he carried on a lucrative trade with the Indians, weighing their furs with his foot, till, enraged at his supposed or real deception, they formed the resolution to mur» der him. This intention was com- municated to Cromwell, who bu- ried his wealth and made his es- cape. Within a few hours after his flight, a party of the Penacook tribe arrived, and not finding the object of their resentment, they burnt his habitation. The time when thif occurred is not positive- ly known, but it is inferred that it was after 1679, when it appears his house was standing. The name of Merrimack is derived from the riv- er on which it is situated. A con- gregational church was formed Sept. 5, 1772. Rev. Jacob Burnap, D. D. from Reading, Ms. who grad- uated at Harvard college in 1770, was ordained Oct. 14, 1772 ; died Dec. 26, 1821, aged 75, having ad- mitted to the church 194 members. He was eminently distinguished for his superior knowledge of the orig- inal languages, in which the scrip- tures were written. He was much esteemed for his piety, integrity 188 NEWHAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. patience and all the social virtues. Hon. Matthew THORWTON,.one of the signers of the Declaration of American Independence, resided many years in this town. He died while on a visit at Newburvport, June 24, 1803, at the age of 89. He was a member of the fust con- gress, and manyiji'ears a judge of the superior court of N. H. a rep- resentative, senator and counsellor^ and sustained other important offi- ces. For a memoir of him, see Historical Collections for I822,page 87—91. Pop. 1162. Merrymeeting bay, an arm of the Winnepisiogee lake, extends about 1800 rods into the town of Alton, and is 27 miles from the nav- igable waters of the Paseataqua. See AUon. Merrtmeeting pond. See J^ew-Durham. Middleton, post-to\vn,in Straf- ford CO. lat. 43° 29', is bounded N. by Brookfield, E. by Wakefield, S. by Milton, and W. by New-Dur- ham, comprising 9,840 acres. It is a very level township, having no high ground except a part of Moose mountain, which separates it from Brookfield. There are no rivers nor ponds ; the soil is rocky ; the growth of wood chiefly hemlock and spruce, with some maple and beech. There are 3 schools, and a meeting house. Rev. Nehemiah Ordway, graduated at Harvard col- lege in 1764, was settled here in 1778, remained a few years, and was dismissed. Elder William Buzzell, a free-will baptist, is the only preacher. Middleton was in- corporated March 4, ■:778. The first settlers were from Lee and Rochester. Pop. 482. MiLFORD, a post-town in Hills- borough county, in lat. 42° 59', is bounded N. by Mont-Vernon and Lyndeborough, E. by Amherst, S. by Hollis and Brookline. W. by Mason and Wilton, containing 15,- 402 acres. It is 2 1-2 miles fror?> Amherst, 31 from Concord, and 4T from Boston. Milfoid lirs on both sides of Souhegan river, r/hich nins through the town from W. t» E. forming a rich meadow or inter- val, from 1-4 to 1-2 a mile wide. The banks of this river are annual- ly overflowed, ty which means, the soil, which is black and deep, is much enriched. The forest tiees are, on the river, elm, walnut, but- ternut, &;c. ; on the highlands,white, red and black oak, chesnut, white and yellow pine, maple, hemlock, &c. This town has excellent wat- er privileges. There is a valuable factory in the village, containing 844 spindles. There are fine or- chards, and fruit of an excellent quality and flavor is produced. — Sixty two bushels of apples have been gathered from one tree the same season. The village, pleas- antly situated on both sides of the river, contains two meeting-houses, one on each side, one school-house 2 factory buildings, 51 dwelling houses, 3 stores, post-office, &c. — Milford was formerly known as th* S. W. parish of Amherst. It was corporated Jan. 11, 1794, and in- cludes what was anciently called, the Mile Slip and Dwxbury school farm. Eighty familif s were detach- ed from Amherst and several from Hollis,when it was incorporated.— The first settlers were John Burns, William Peabody, Benjamin Hop- kins, Caleb Jones,Nathan Hutchin- son, Andrew Bradford and other.s, whose descendants are numerous and respectable. Capt. Josiah Crosby and William Wallace were among the early settler?. The former, a revolutionary officer, died Oct. 15, 1793, aged 63 ; the latter in 1791, aged 73. There are two re- NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 189 iigious societies. The congregation- alchurchwasernbodied in 1788,con- sisting of 19 members. Rev. Hum- phrey Moore was ordained Oct. 13, 1802. The baptist churcli, consist- ing of 28 members, was constituted Sept. 5, 1809. It now contains a- bout 100 members. The baptist society have a very neat and hand- some meeting house, erected in 1816. Pop. 1243. MiLTOJV, post-tow?n,Strafford co. in lat. 43° 26', isboanded N. W. by Middleton and Wakefield, E. by Salmon Fall river, separating it from Maine, S. W. by Farmington, and contains about 25,000 acres The Salmon Fall river washes its whole E. boundary, a distance of 13 miles ; and a branch of the same river crosses from the S. part of Wakefield, and unites near the centre of the E. boundary. Tene- riffe, a bold and rocky mountain, extends along the E. part of Milton, near which lies Milton pond,of con- siderable size, connecting with the Salmon Fall river. This town was formerly a part of Rochester, from which it was detached, and incor porated June 11, 1802. There is a meeting-house here, but no settled minister. Pop. 1232. MiLLSFiELD, Coos county, is an uninhabited township, in lat 44° 43', 7 miles W. of Umbagog lake, and about 35 N. from the White mountains. It is bounded N. by Dixville, E. by Errol, S. by Dummer, W. by Ervin's location and ungranted lands. Clear stream waters its N. extremity, and Phil- lip's riverjvvith several small streams the other parts. Here are several ponds, the largest is about 300 rods long, 140 wide. Millsfield was granted March 1, 1774, to George Boyd and 81 others; and was na- med after Sk Thomas Mills, a R2 grantee. It contains an area of 23,- 200 acres. Mohawk river, in Coos county, has its source among the mountains of Dixville, and in its W. course through Colebrook, receives some considerable branches from Stew- artstown, among which is Beaver brook. It passes into the Connec- ticut below the centre of Cole- brook. MoNADNocK mountain, usually called the Grand Monadnock, is situated in the towns of Jafifrey and Dublin, in Cheshire county, about 22 miles E. from Connecticut river, and 10 N. of the southern bounda- ry of this state. The direction of the ridge is N. E. and S. W. The mountain is about 5 miles long from N. to S. and 3 miles from E. to W. Its base, according to Judge Wiii- throp's observations made in 1780,is 1395 feet,and its summit 3254 feet above the level of the sea. Ac- cording to Professor Dana, who vis- ited the mountain in 1816, its base is 1452.5, and its summit is 3450 above the level of the sea. Tlte mountain is composed of talc, mi- ca, slate, distinctly stratified. Gar- net, schorl, feldspar and quartz oc- cur in various parts. On the E. side, plumbago is found in large quantities. Crucibles and pencils have been manufactured from it, but for the latter, it proves not ve- ry good. The summit, when seen at a distance of 4 or 5 miles, appears rounded and destitute of those high cliffs and mural precipices belonging to granitic mountains. The prospect from the pinnacle is very extensive ; thirty ponds of fresh water, some of which are so large as to contain isl- ands of 8 or 10 acres, may be seen from it, in the immediate vicinity. Near the base of themountain,is the "Monadnock Mineral Spring." Sue Jqffrey. 190 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. Mont- Vernon, a pleasant ele- vated township in Hillsborough county, in lat. 42° 53', is bounded N. by New-Boston, E. by Amherst, S. by Amherst and Milford and W. by Lyndeborough, containing 7,976 acres. It is three miles,N. W. from Amherst, 28 from Concord and 50 from Boston. There is but one stream of any note, and this isvbut small : it rises near the north part of Mont-Vernon, and runs through Amherst near the E. extremity of the plain and empties into Souhe- gan river in the S. part of Amherst. That part of this stream near the mouth was called by the Indians Quohquinapassakessanannagnog:- The soil here does not materially differ from that of the circumjacent towns. The forest trees are maple, beech, birch, white and red oak. The situation is elevated, and to- wards the E. and S. E. there is a considerable prospect. There is a pleasant village situated near the highest point of elevation, having a congregational meeting house, 22 dvTelling houses, three stores, &c. The 2d N. H. turnpike passes through this village. There is a social library. This town was originally apart of Amherst, from which it was detached and incorpo- rated Dec. 15,1803. Its settlement commenced soon after that of Am- herst. Isaac Smith, aged 91, and Jonathan Lampson, aged 90, two of the early iniiabitants, died here in 1807 and 1815. A congregational church was formed in 1780. Rev. John Bruce,who graduated at Dart- mouth College in 1781, was ordain- ed Nov. 23, 1735 ; died March 12, 1809, aged 62. Rev. Stephen Chapin, who graduated at Harvard college in 1804, was installed Nov. 15, 1809. Having espoused bap- tist sentiments, he was dismissed in Nov. 1818. Rev. Ebenezei Cheever, who graduated at Bow- doin college in 1817,ordained Dec- 8, 1819; was dismissed April 8,1823. Dr.DANiEL ADAMS,who commen- ced and conducted the Medical and Agricultural Register, and is author of a popular system of Arithmetic, school geography, and a number of useful school books, has his resi- dence in this place. Pop. 729. MOOSEHILLOCK Or MOOSHE- LOCK, is a noble and lofty emi- nence in the S. E. part of Cov- entry, and ranks among the highest mountains in New-England. The altitude of the N. peak above tide water, as estimated by Capt. Par- tridge from barometrical observa- tions, is 4636 feet— that of the S. peak is 4536 feet. Baker's river has its source on its eastern side. Moose, the name of a mountain situated between Middleton and Brookfield, and also of the moun- tain in Hanover. See Brookfield and Hanover. Moose river has its rise on the N. side of the White Mountains nearDurand, through which it pas- ses, and unites with the Ameriscog- gin in Shelburne. Its source is very near that of Israel's river, which passes W. into Connecti- cut. MoRiAH, an elevated peak of the White Mountains, situated in the S. part of Shelburne. MOULTONBOROTJGH, pOSt-tOWn- ship, Strafford county, in lat. 43° 44', is situated on the N. W. shore of Winnepisiogee lake, bounded N. by Sandwich and Tamworth, N. E. by Ossipee, S.E.by Tuftonborougb, and W. by Centre-Harbor vind Squara lake. This town is broken by mountains and ponds. Red Hill, lying wholly within this town, commands notice from the E., S- and W. ; and extends about 3 miles from E. to W., between Red NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 191 Hill river on the N., Great Squam on the W., Great Squam and Long pond on tke S., terminating S. E. by a neck of fine land extending into the Winnepisiogee. Its sum- mit is covered with the uvoe ursi and low blueberry bush, which in autumn give the hill a reddish hue, from which circumstance its name was probably derived. A number of oval bluffs rise on its summit, from each of which the prospect on eithei hand is extensive and de- lightful. The N. bluff is supposed to consist of a body of iron ore. Slight attempts have been made upon the mass, and the results indi- cate that an effectual attempt would develope a very rich and valuable bed of ore. Bog ore is found in a brook descending from this bluff. Ossipee mountain extends its base into this town, and is a command- ing elevation. On the S. part of this mountain, in Moultonborougn, is a mineral chalybeate spring, the waters strongly impregnated with iron and sulphur, and efficacious in cutaneous eruptions. About a mile N. is a spring of pure cold water, 16 feet in diameter, through the centre of which the water, con- taining a small portion of fine white sand, is constantly thrown up to the height of two feet — the spring fur- nishing water sufficient for mills. On the stream nearly a mile below is a beautiful waterfall of 70 feet perpendicular. Descending on the left of this fal],a cave is found, con- taining charcoal and other eviden- ces of its having been a hiding place for the Indians. Red Hill river originates in Sandwich, and passes through this town into the Winnepisiogee. Long pond is a beautiful sheet of water, and con- nects with the lake by a channel 60 rods in length. Squam and Winnepisiogee lakes lie partly in Moultonborough. The soil of this town is fruitful, though in some parts rocky. The E. winds falling over Ossipee mountain are fre- quently destructive and always vio- lenL The N. W. winds falling over Red Hill are also violent, and frequently do much damage. Moul- tonborough was granted by the Ma- sonian proprietors, Nov. 17,1763, to Col. Jonathan Moulton and 61 others, principally from Hampton. Settlements commenced in 1764,by Ezekiel Moulton and a few others, and in the following year others joined them. The first house for public worship was erected in 1773, and was blown down by an E. wind in Dec. 1819. March 12, 1777, a congregational church was embod- ied, and in Oct. 1778, Rev. Samuel Perley was ordained, but continued only a few months. Rev. Jeremi- ah Shaw, from Hampton, who grad- uated at Harvard college in 1767, at the age of 20,was ordained IV ov. 17, 1779. In 1816, hi? civil con- tract with the town was annuiled ; yet he still preaches to his church, and people. He is one of the old- est clergymen in N.H.,andduringhis ministry has solemnized more than 400 marriages. Many Indian im- plements and relics have been found indicating this to have been once their favorite residence. In 1820, on a small island in the Winnepis- iogee, was found a curious gun-bar- rel much worn by age and rust, di- vested of its stock, enclosed in the body of a pitch pine tree 16 inches in diameter. Its butt rested on a f?at rock, its muzzle elevated about 30°. In I819,a small dirk 1 1-2 feet in length from the point to the end of the hilt, round blade, was found in a new field one foot under grxmnd, bearing strong marks of antiquity. On the line of Tuftonborough, on the shore of the lake, at the moutte NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. of Melvin river, a gigantic skeleton was found about 15 years since buried in a sandy soil, apparently that of a man more than seven feet high — the jaw bones easily pass ing over the face of a large man. A tumulus has been discovered on a piece of newly cleared land, of the length and appearance of a human gxave, and handsomely rounded with small stones, not found in this part of the country ; which stones are too closely placed to be separ- ated by striking an ordinary blow with a crow-bar, and bear marks of being a composition. The Ossipee tribe of Indians once resided in this vicinity, and some years since a tree was standing in Moultonbor- ough, on which was carved in hie roglyphics the history of their ex peditions. Pop. 1279. N. NarmarcttwgAwAck, a branch of the Ameriscoggin, rises in the township of Success, and unites with the main stream in Pauls- burgh. Nash and Sawyer's Loca- tion, in the county of Coos, lat. 440 13', is a tract of 2184 acres, granted May 20, 1773, to Timothy Nash and Benjam.in Sawyer, fo"r their labor and expense in explor- ing a route through the White Mountains. The pass through the notch, the only route by which the inhabitants beyond the mountains, can reach the eastern settlements, witliout a great circuit, was known to the Indians ; but to the peopb; of New-Hampsliire it was either unknowiv or they had forgotten it. Nash made the discovery, and after- wards admitted Sawyer to a share of the benefits. They were both- hunters, and the property was of little service to them. This tract is bounded N. by Bretton Woods,! E. l)y the White Mountains, S. by Chadbourne and Hart's Location, W. by lands ungranted. Pop. 22. Nash's stream, a branch of the Upper Amonoosuck, has its sourc- es in Stratford and the lands E., and unites with the river in the N. W. part of Piercy. Nashua river,a beautiful stream in the S. part of Hillsborough coun- ty, has its source in Worcester county, Mass. It is formed of two branches called the N. and S. bran- ches. The N. branch is formed of two streams,one from Ashburnham, the other from Wacliuset pond. — The S. branch is composed of Still river, issuing from the E. side of Wachuset mountain, and a small stream from Quinepoxet pond in Holden. These branches are unit- ed in Lancaster, from which the main river proceeds in a N. E. course to Harvard, Shirley, Groton, and Pepperell in Mass. ; and from thence into N. H. through Hollis, and nearly the centre of Dunstable, where it falls into Merrimack riv- er. Nashua village, on the preced- ing river, in Dunstable, is 11 miles from Amherst, 36 from Boston, and 32 from Concord. It is a place of considerable business, being situa- ted near the Merrimack river, and on the great road from Amherst to Boston, and on the road mostly travelled by teams from Concord to Boston. Its location is pleasant, and it has a number of handsome buildings. NELSON,post-township,in Chesh- ire county, in lat. 42° 59', is bound- ed N. by Stoddard, E. by Antrim and Hancock, S. by Dublin, W. by Roxbury and Sullivan, containing 22,875 acres, being 40 miles from Concord. This town is situated on the height of land between Con- necticut and Merrimack rivers. NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 193 The surface is hilly, but good for grazing. The streams are small. ?n the S. part, a branch of Ashue- !ot river rises, and from Long pond .a this town and Hancock, issues a branch of Contoocook river. The best mill privileges are furnished by streams, issuing from ponds in this town, of which there are four, containing a surface of 1800 acres. There is a cotton factory, in which property to the amount of $10,000 is invested. The principal articles of produce are beef,pork,butter and cheese. The inhabitants are prin- cipally farmers of industrious hab- its. This town was originally called Monadnock JVo. 6. It was granted by the Masonian proprietors ; and chartered Feb. 22, 1774, by the name of Packersjield, from Thomas Packer, who owned about one half of the township. In June, 1814, the name was altered to Nelson. The first settlements commenced in 1767, by Breed Batchelder, and in 1768, by Dr. Nathaniel Breed. The congregational church was formed Jan. 31, 1781, at which time Rev. Jacob Foster was installed. He was dismissed in 1791. Rev. Gad .^exoell, who graduated at Yale col- ifge in 1786, was ordained June 11,1774. The number of church members in 1822, was 152. Pop. 90?. New-Bostojt, post-township, in Hillsborough county, in lat. 42° 58', is bounded N. by Weare, E. by (ioifstown and Bedford, S. by Am- herst and Lyndeborough, and W. by Lyndeborough and Francestown, containing an area of 26,536 acres. It is 9 miles from Amherst, 22 from Concord, and 57 from Boston. It js watered by several streams, the largest of which is the S. branch of Piscataquog river, having its source in Pleasant pond in Fran- cestown. This town consists of fer- tile hills, productive vales, and some valuable meadows. The soil is favorable for all the various pro- ductions common to this section of the state, and there are many excellent farms under good culti- vation. In the S. part of New-Bos- ton, there is a considerable eleva- tion, called Jo English hill, on one side of which it is nearly perpen- dicular. Its height, taken from the road through the notch of the hill, is 572 feet. Beard's pond, in the N. E. part, and Jo English pond, in the S. part of this town and the N. part of Amherst, are the only ponds of note. The 2d N. H. turn- pike passes through the S. W. cor- ner of this town, near which are the Grisly mills. There is a social library, of 200 volumes, incorpo- rated June 16, 1801. The follow- ing natives of this town have re- ceived a collegiate education. Wil- liam Wilson, now a judge of the supreme court of the state of Ohio, William Ferson, Nathaniel Peabo- dy, Rev. Thomas Cochran, Peter Cochran, Robert Cochran, and Rev. Samuel Clark. There is a minis- terial fund, of which the annual interest is $344 55. New-Boston was granted by Massachusets, Jan. 14, 1736, to inhabitants of Boston, from which circumstance it receiv- ed its name. It was incorporated by N. H. Feb. 18, 1763. The fir&t settlement commenced about the year 1733. The names of some of the earliest settlers were Coch- ran, Wilson, Caldwell. M'Neil,Fer- son and Smith. In Sept. 1756, the settlement contained 1 saw and 1 grain mill, 31 dwelling-houses, in- habited by 27 men, 10 women, and 9 males and 10 females under the age of 14 years. The presbyteri- an church was formed about 1768. jThe first minister was Rev. Solo- (monMoor, a native of Newtown, 194 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. Limavady, in Ireland, who received his education at Glasgow, in Scot- land, and studied theology with pro- fessor Leechmanof that university. He was licensed to preach, July 26, 1762, and a few years after came to this country. In Feb. 1767, he arrived at New-Boston, and was or- dained Sept. 6, 1768; died May 28, 1803, aged 67. Rev. Ephraim P. Bradford, who graduated at Harvard college in 1803, was or- dained his successor, Feb. 26,1806. There are two baptist churches, over one of which, Rev. Isaiah Stone was ordained Jan. 8, 1806. Pop. 1686. New-Castle, township, Rock- ingham county, lat. 43° 5', is a rough and rocky island, situated in Portsmouth Harbor, and formerly called Great Island. A handsome bridge, built in 1821, connects this town with Portsmouth. Here is an ancient cliiirch, but no preacher. — Rev. Samuel Moody preached here previous to the commencement of the 16th century. He was succeed- ed by Rev. John Emerson, ordain- ed in 1704 ; Rev. William Shurt- leff, in 1712 ; Rev. John Blunt, in 1732; Rev. David Robinson, in 174-; Rev.StephenChase.in 1750; and Rev. Oliver Noble, in 1784. The church is at present va- cant. New-Castle was incorpora- ted in 1693, and contains 458 acres. This island was the seat of business, when ancient Strawberry Bank was the mere germe of the town of Portsmouth. Fishing is here pursued with success ; and the soil among the rocks, being of good quality, is made to produce a- bundantly. Fort Constitution and the light-house stand on this island. The position of each is very advan- tageous. Hon. Theodore At- kinson, for a number of years ciiief-justice of the province, secre- tary and president of the council, was born at New-Gastle Dec. 20, 1697 ; graduated at HaxTard in 1718 ; died Sept. 22,1789, aged 82. Nathan Priest, Esq. for many years a member of the legislature, died here in 1822. Pop. 932. New-Chester, post-township in Grafton county, in lat. 43° 31', is bounded N. by Bristol, Danbury, and Alexandria, E. by New-Hamp- ton and Sanbornton, S. by Ando- ver, W. by Wilmot, being 10 miles in length, and containing 20,000 acres. It is 24 miles from Con- cord, 44 from Haverhill, 25 from Hanover and 86 from Boston. It is watered by Pemigewasset and Blackwater rivers, and several small streams. Eagle pond is the only one of note. Ragged moun- tain is a considerable elevatian and but little inferior to Kearsarge. Viewed from the summit of the neighboring hills, this town appears very uneven, yet there are many fine tracts converted into produc- tive farms. The soil in some parts is rich and fertile — it is generally good. The forest trees are white pine, birch, beech, hemlock, ma- ple, &c. There is at the S. E. sec- tion of the town, a flourishing vil- lage, containing an elegant meeting- house, built in 1821, and 20 dwel- ling-houses, situated on a spacious street 1 hiile in length. There are several charitable societies ; also a musical society, a social library of 100 volumes, incorporated Dec. 10, 1800. The number of deaths for 3 years ending Jan. 1, 1822, was 47. A Mr. Emerson lived to the age of 96. This town was granted Sept. 14, 1753, to 87 proprietors, who held their first meeting at Clies- ter, and as the greater part of the first inhabitants belonged to that place, it was called New-Chester. The first settlement was in 1768* NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 195 by Capt. Cutting Favor, who di- ed March 8, 1822, aged 85, and by Carr Huse, Esq. who was a civil magistrate 35 years, town clerk 33 years, and representative several years, and is now the oldest man in town. New-Chester was incorpo- rated Nov. 20, 1778. In Dec. 1820, six children of Mr. Williaai Fol- lansbee were consumed in the flames of his house, while he and his wife were absent. There is a congregational society, incorpora- ted Dec. 11, 1816. Pop. 970. New-Durham, post-town,Straf- ford county, lat. 43^ 26', is bound- ed N. W. by Wolfeborough and Alton, E. by Brookfield and Miu- dleton, S. E. by Farmington, S. W. and W. by Alton; and contains 23,625 acres. The surface of this town is very uneven, a portion so rocky as to be unfit for cultivation. The soil is generally moist, an well adapted to grazing. Thei are 5 ponds in New-Durham, th largest of which is Merrymeeting pond, about 10 miles in circumfc ence, from which a copious and perpetual stream nans S. and ib.ei N. W. into Merrymeeting bay it Alton. Ela's river flows from Cold- rain pond into Farmiigton, on which is a fine waterfall. Tn Cocheco also has its source hett Mount Betty, Cropple-crown an Straw's mountains are the principal eminences. On the N. E. side of the latter is a remarkable cave, thf entrance of which is about 3 feet wide and 10 feet high. The outt^r room is 20 feet square ; the inner apartments grow smaller, until at the distance of 50 feet they become too small to be investigated. T\•'^ sides both of the galleries and the rooms are solid granite. They be.ir marks of having been once united, and were probably separated by some great convulsion of nature. There is a fountain, over which a part of Ela's river passes, which is regarded as a curiosity. By sinking a small mouthed vessel into this fountain, water may be procure^ extremely cold and pure. Its depth has not been ascertained. Near the centre of the town is Rattlesnake hill, the S. side of which is nearly 100 feet high, and nearly perpen- dicular. Several other hiils in this town contain precipices and cavi- ties, some of considerable extent. New-Durham war. granted in 1749, to Ebenezer Smith and otners. It was incorporated Dec. 7, 1762, by its present name. Col. Thomas TASH, who was active in forward- ing the settlement, resided here dur- ing the last 20 years of his life. — He was born in Durham in 1722 ; was a brave officer in the French and revolutionary wars ; and at the close of the latter, removed to New- Durham, where he died at the age oT 87. Rev. Nathaniel Porter was ordained over a coni^rrgational church here Sept. 8, 1773. and re» moved in 1777. Elder Benjamin Rundall, the founder of the s^ct of ireewill baptists, commenced ins la- bors iiere in 17S0, and organized a church. He died in 1808, aged 60. Elders Joseph Boody and Jonathan Kenney are tne presmt preacliers. The N. H. Charitable Society was formed here in 1813. Pop. 1168. New-Found, the name of a large pond, and a river, in the county of Grafton. See Bristol. New-Hamptojv, post-township, is situated in the N. W. corner of Strafford county, lat. 43° 37'; hounded W. by Pemigewasset riv- 8i-, N. by Ilolderness, E. by Centre- Horbar, S. by Meredith and San- hornton, and comprises an area of 19,422 acres. Pemigewasset river, which washes the W. boundary is the only stream of magnitude ; 196 NEWHAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. and over it is thrown the bridge which unites the town with Bristol. There is a remarkable spring on the W. side of Kelley's hill in this town, from which issues a stream sufficient to supply several mills, &c. This stream is never affected by rains or droughts, and falls into the river after running about a mile. Pemigewasset pond lies on the border of Meredith, and is about 200 rods in diameter. There is another, called Measley pond, and three other smaller ponds. The soil of New-Hampton, though the surface is broken and uneven, is remarkably fertile, producing in abundance most kinds of grain and grass. The industry of the inhab itants has enabled them in years of scarcity to supply the wants of other towns. In the S. part of the town there is a high hill of a con ical form which may be seen in al most any direction from 10 to 50 miles — the prospect from the sum mit of whicli is very pleasant. The first religious society was a baptist church formed in 1782, of members from Holderness, Bridgewater and New-Hampton, over uhich was or- dained the same year Eld. Jeremi ah Ward— he died in 1816. There are two societies of freewill bap lists, and several preachers of that denomination. In June, 1800, Rev Salmon Hibbard was ordained over a small congregational church, and dismissed in 1816. There is also a small society of methodists. There are 3 meeting-houses for different denominations ; a flour- ishing academy lately incorporated, and a social library. In 1763, Gen. Jonathan Moulton of Hampton, having an Ox weighing 1400 pounds fattened for the purpose, hoisted a flag upon his horns am: drove him to Portsmouth as a pres. ent to Gov. Wentworth. He refus ed to receive any compensation, but merely as a token of the Gov- ernor's friendship and esteem, he would like to have a charter of a small gore of land he had discover- ed adjoining the town of Moulton- borough, of which he was one of the principal proprietors. It was granted, and he called it J^ew- Hampton, in honor of his native town. It was incorporated Nov. 27, 1777. Gentre-Harbor was set off as a separate town in 1791. The first settler was Samuel Kel- ley , who moved here in I775~when the cry of war was heard on the sea-board, and the yell of the sav- age resounded on the north. The oldest person is Widow Sa rah Kel- ley: she is now 103 years of age Pop. 1500. NewichAwAnnock. See Pas- cataqua. Newington, a township. Rock- ingham county, in lat. 43° 5', is bounded N. E by the Pascata- qua, E. by Portsmouth, S. by Green- land and Great Bay, W. and N, W. by Great and Little Bays ; and contains 5,273 acres. The soil is generally sandy and unproductive ; excepting near the waters, where it yields good crops of grain and grass. At Fox point, in the N. W. part of the town, Pascataqua bridge is thrown over the river to Goat island, and thence to Durham shore. The bridge was erected in 1793, is 2600 feet long, and 40 wide — cost ^65,401. Newington was original- ly a part of Portsmouth and Dover, and was early settled. It was dis- annexed and incorporated in July, 1764. Rev. Joseph Adams, the first minister of Newington, was aduated at Harvard college in 1710; ordained herein 1715; was settled over the town Dec. 15,1774, and died May 26, 1783, at the age of 95. He was succeeded by Rev. NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEEfs. 197 Joseph Langdon, ordained Jan 9 1788, and dismissed in March, 1810 ; since which time tlie church has been vacant. Tiiere is a res- pec'.ible society of mechodists, who have occasional preaching. New- ingtoa was among the settlements early exposed to the ravages of the Indians. In May, 1690, a party of Indians, under a sagamore of the name of Hoophood, attacked Fox point, destroyed several houses, kil- led 14 persons, and took G prisoners. They were immediately pursued by the inhabitants, who recovered some of the captives and a part of the plunder, after a severe action, in v.'hich Hoophood was wounded. Richard Downing, Esq. who graduated at Harvard College in 1739, was a citizen of this town, and for nearly 40 years its repre- sentative. He died at the age of 78. March 5, 1765, Mrs. Elizabeth Hight died in this town, aged 100. Mrs. Sarah Dame was lately living here, at the age of 100, intolerable health, and able to walk about. Pop. 541. New-Ipswich, a post-town, in Hillsborough county, in lat. 42° 45', is bounded S. by Massachusetts and W. by Rindge, N. by Sharon and Temple, E. by Mason. It is 6 miles in length and 5 in breadth, and contains 20,860 acres. It is 50 miles from Concord, 70 from Ports- mouth, 50 from Boston, 452 from Washington City. The town is watered by many rivulets, hut prin- cipally by the Souhegan river, which is formed by the junction of two streams ; the W. is^iing from a small pond on the Pasture moun- tain, so called ; the S. from two ponds in Ashburnham, Ms. near the base of Watatick hill. The Souhegan takes a N. E. course through the town, and after passing several towns empties into the S Merrimack. Over it is a stone bridge built in 1817, by the propri- etors of the 3d N. H. turnpike. This turnpike, commencing at Bel- lows falls on Connecticut river, passes through Walpole, Keenc, Marlborough, JafTrey and New- Ipswich to Tovt'nsend, Ms. The bridge is 156 feet long, 22 feet wide and 42 feet high, resting in a single arch of split stone— cost ^3500. There are 2 woollen factories and 3 of cotton; 1 carding machine dis- tinct from the woollen fact" -'es ; 1 mill for grinding tanner's bark : 1 oil mill. The first cotton factory buiit in the state was in 1803, and is among the above mentioned ; the former building has been taken down and now rebuilt with brick, 84 feet in length, 40 in width, and 3 stories high ; contains 500 spin- dles, a double speeder, warper, dresser, &c. and 16 looms ftir weav- ing sheeting, and will shortly con- tain apparatus sufficient to employ 50 looms. The 2d factory contains 500 spindles without looms. The 3d, 250 spindles without looms. There are two small ponds, one called Pratt's pond, the other Hoar's pond, containing about 50 acres each. The soil is termed the soil of the Monadnocks, yielding excel- lent pasturage. Under cultivation, Indian corn, rye, oats, barley, po- tatoes, beans, turnips, &c. are pro- duced in abundance. The number of deaths for 41 years ending Jan. 1, 1822, was 426. The Ne\v-[p«- wich academy was incorporated June 18, 1789. Its funds amount to $3000. The annual average of scholars is 50. The library con- sists of 100 volumes, a donation of Samuel Appleton, Esq. a native of the town, who also presented the academy with a pair of globes. There is also an appendage to the library of 100 volumes belonging to 1^8 NEVY-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. the Detnosthenean society. Thei principal village is the centre of the j town, in a pleasant and fertile val-l ley running N. and S.,and contains between 30 and 40 dwelling houses. Here are the congregational and baptist meeting houses, town house and academy. The public houses are finished in handsome style. Man> of the dwelling houses are of brick, and are elegant in appearance. There are 3 houses for public en- tertainment ; four retailing stores, where an assortment of foreign and domestic merchandize is constantly supplied. New-Ipswich was fiisi granted by Massachusetts. It was settled prior to 1749, by Reuben Kidder, Archibald White,Joseph & Ebenezer BuUard, Joseph Stevens and eight others. It was re-granted in April 1750, by the Masonian proprietors, and was incorporated by charter, Sept. 9, 1762. The first settlers had preaching before 1760 — a church was gathered and occa ■ionally communed. The first min- ister was the Rev. Stephen Farrar, a native of Lincoln, Ms, where he was born Oct. 22, 1738. He grad- uated at Harvard College in 1735 ; was ordained Oct. 22, 1760; died June 23, 1809, aged 71. Rev. Richard Hall succeeded and was ordained March 12. 1812. The baptist church, which separated from the church in Temple, was formed in 1811. Rev. John Park hurst, who graduated at Harvard college, in 1811, was ordained in 1814; dismissed in 1820. Rev Ferris Moore succeeded Mr. Park hurst. Many worthy and good men have resided in this town. We have room to notice only a few of them. Reuben Kidder, Esq. one of the fi,rst settlers, and the first civil magistrate, died in Sept. 1793, aged 70. Dr. John Preston was the first physician— was eminent in his profession. He was a patriot of the revolution, several times a mem- ber of the General Court, and a use- ful magistrate under the new con- stitution of the state. He died in Feb. 1803, aged 64. Ephraim Ad- ams and Benjamin Adams, brothers and first settlers, and deacons of the church, were useful men and did much good in society. The former was at the taking of Louisburgh in 1745, was representative many years, and died March 1797, aged 72. Benjamin died May, 1815, aged 86. Hon. Charles Bar- rett, one of the principal donors to the academy, was a counsellor and senator several years. He died Sept. 21, 1808, aged 63. Hon. Ebenezer ChAmpney was the first lawyer in town. He graduateSBURGH,a township in Coos county.in lat. 44° 30', is 139 miles from Concord, and about 22 from Lancaster ; bounded N. by Dum- mer and Cambridge, E. by Success, S. by Maynesborough, W. by Kil- kcmvv and Winslow's location. This tract was granted Dec. 31, 1771, to the -^rantees of Maynes- borough, Sir William Mayne and others, and contains 31,154 acres. The Up|)er Araonoosuck and Am- eriscoggin rivers pass through this town. There are several ponds. and some considerable mountains. The town, however, is not very mountainous, and has some low lands. There are at present but 15 families. Peabody river has its source in the E. pass of the White Moun- tains, near the head springs of El- lis' river, a branch of the Saco ; and passes N. into the Ameriscog- gin. Peaks, names of mountains. See Stratford. Peeling, township, in Graf- ton county, in lat. 44°, is bounded N. by Lincoln, E. by Thornton, S. by Thornton and Ellsworth, and W. by Warren, Coventry and Lan- daff, containing 33,359 acres. It is 20 miles from Plymouth, and 60 from Concord. Pemigewasset pas- ses through its E. section. The 3 branches of this river unite in the N. part of Peeling, There are sev- eral brooks and rivulets which sup- ply this ijlace with a number of mill privileges. The ponds are Elbow pond, near the centre, Rus- [sell's pond, in the E., and M'Lel- lan's pond in the S. E. part of this jtown. Hills and mountahis, inter- Ispersed with valleys, give some va- riety to the surface. Cushman's mountain in the S. W., Black mountain in tlie N. W. and Blue mountain in tne W. are the high- est elevations. Among these moun- tains, branches of the Wild Amon- oosuck and Baker's rivers and Moosehillock brook, have their sources. On the last stream, there is a beautiful cascade. There are here two springs, which have been termed medicinal. Peeling was granted to Eli Demeritt, Sept. 23, 1763. Its name was afterwards altered to Fairfield, and from that to Peeling again. It was settled about 1773, by John Riant and oth- ers. Lindsey, Osgood, Barron^- NEWIIAMPSHIRE OAZETTEER. 109 Russell, and Bickford, were aiTiong the early settlern. Tliere is a bap tist society, to which Mr. Thomas Whipple has occasionally mini tered. Pop. 224. Pelham, post-township, at t|he S. W. corner of Rockingham coan- ty, in lat. 42° 43', is bounded N. by Windham and Salem, E., S. E. and S. by the state of Mas^rxhu- setts, W. by Nottingham- West ; is distant 37 miles from Concord, 45 from Portsmouth and 32 from Boston, and contains 16,338 acres. Here are 3 ponds, called Gumpas, Island and North ponds. Island pond is the largest, containing 178 acres. 30 acres of Long pond are in Pelham, the remainder in the N. W. corner of Dracut. Beaver river passes through the town, a little E. of the meeting-house. On this river and the tributary streams, there is much valuable meadow ; adjoining which are pine lands of an excellent quality for grain, and especially rye. To the E. and W. is hilly land, good for grazing, or- charding and the growth of timber, particularly oak. This land is of a strong soil, and richl}' repays cul- tivation. Beside other mills, here is a woollen factory; and 8 or 10 tons of nails are annually cut here But the inhabitants depend princi- pally on agriculture for the means of support. Much timber and cord-wood are carried annually to the banks of the Merrimack, and thence conveyed to Newburyport, or to Boston through Middlesex- canal. Pelham was included in Wheelwright's purchase and in Mason's patent. Although within about 30 miles of the-Gapital of New- England, no settlements v/ere here made during the first century after the landing'at Plymouth. The first .?ettlements were made in 1722, by John Butler, William Richardson land others. William Richardson |\v -s grandfather of the Hon. judge (Richardson ; was a native of IChelmsford, where he was born Sept. 19, 1701. The town was in- corporated July 5, 1746, about 5 years after the state line was es- tablished, by wiiich a part was sep- arated from Dracut. The first hotise for public worship was built in 1747. Rev. James Hobbs was ordained Nov. 13, 1751, and at the same time a church was formed. Mr. Hobbs died June 20, 1765, aged 40 : he \vas a native of Hampton, and graduated at Harvard College, 1748. Rev. Amos Moody was or- dained Nov. 20, 1765, and dismis- sed by mutual agreement in 1792 : he was born in Newbury, Ms. Nov. 20, 1739, graduated at Harvard, 1759— died March 22, 1819. Some years previous to Mr. Moody's dis- mission, the town became divided into two societies ; another house for public worship was erected,and several candidates employed to preach. But after his dismission the town again united in one soci- ety. Rev. John H. Church was ordained Oct. 31, 1798. There is a social library in Pelham, incor- porated in 1797, with about 200 vols. Pop. 1040. Pembroke, a post-town, Rock- ingham county, in lat. 43° 10', lies 60 miles N. W. from Boston, 6 S. E. from Concord. It is bounded W. by Merrimack river, N. W. by Soucook river, whicli separates it from Concord, N. E. and E. by Chicliester and Epsom, S. E. by Suncook liver, dividing the town from AUenstown ; and contains 10,240 acres. This town is gener- ally well watered. The Suncook on the S. E. boundary, furnishes many valuabl* water privileges ; and on the Soucook, are situated 4 paper mills, the cotton factory of 210 NEW.HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. Maj. Stark, and several mills, to- gether with a flourishing village. The public roads are mostly laid out in right angles, dividing the territory into squares. The main street extends nearly on a parallel with Merrimack river in a straight course about 3 miles, and is very pleasant. On this are situated the academy, one of the meeting-hou- ses, and the principal village. Pem- broke has a variety of soils, most- ly very productive. On the rivers are small but valuable tracts of in- terval, and from these the land ri- ses in extensive and beautiful swells, yielding in abundance when properly cultivated. The public buildings are a town house, two meeting-houses, and the academy, founded by the liberal donation of the late Dr. Abel Blanchard. It is situated on the main street, and is one of the most flourishing insti- tutions of the kind in New-Hamp- shire. Pembroke is the ancient Suncook of the Indians. It was granted by this name in May, 1727, by the government of Massachu- setts, to Capt. John Lovewell, and his brave associates, in con side i^a- ticn of their services against the Indians. The whole number of grantees .vris 60 ; 46 of whom ac companied Lovewell in his last march to Pcqu?>wkett — the remain- ing 13 were aiaong the 62 who at- tended him in his first enterprizes against Jhe Indians. The first -w . ■ vey was made in 1728; and in tb* following year settlements were commenced by several of the gran- tees. Tlie settlements increased slowly, in consequence of the fre- quent alarms from the Indians, who committed many depredations up- on their property. .Tames Car*, killed May },n4:8,{SeeAllen£tovm,) was the only inhabitant who lost his life by the Indians, The first child born in Pembroke was Ephraim Moore. This town was interested in the long dispute main- tained by the proprietors of Bow against the grantees of lands in this vicinity. Nov. 1, 1759, the town was incorporated by its present name. As the original settlers were composed of persons ©f Scotch and English descent, foundations were early laid for presbyterian and congregational churches. The congregational church was organ- ized March 1, 1737; and Rev. Aaron Whitteraore, of Concord, Ms. who graduated at Harvard college in 1734, was settled. He died Nov. 16,1767,aged 55. No re- cord exists of the organization of the presbyterian church ; but Rev. Daniel Mitchell, a native of Ireland, educated at Edinburgh, was ordained Dec. 3, 1760, and died Dec. 15, 1776, aged 69. Rev. •lacob Emery, a native of Ando- ver, Ms. who graduated at Har- vard college in 1761, succeeded Mr. Whittemore in the congrega- r'onal church, Aug. 3, 1768; and was dismissed March 23, 1775. Both churehes were vacant from the death of Mr. Mitchell until the ordina+ion of Rev. Zacciieus Colby, March 22, 1780 — soon after which the two churches were united. Mr. Colby was a native of Newtown ; inaduated at Dartmouth college, 1777 ; and was dismissed May 11, 1803. From this time to 1808, the 'hurch was vacant. March 2,1808, Rfv. Abraham Bu-nhavi, a native cf Dunbarton, graduated at Dart- mouth college in 1804, was ordain- ed over a newly organized cliurch, of 54 rneraberi,, whicii has since increased to more tha . 170. There -^re several religious, charitable l.md literary societies, which are annually extending their beneficial 'influence. Pop. 1256. NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 211 PemigewASSET river. This stream and the Winnepisiogee con- stitute the Merrimack. It is form- ed of three principal branches hav- ing their sources in Peeling, Fran- conia, and the ungranted lands S. W. of the White Mountains. Tirese branches unite in Peeling, from whence the main stream passes in a S. direction through Thornton, Campton, between Plymouth and Holderness ; Bridgewater, Bristol and New-Hampton ; New-Chester, Andover, and Sanbornton, and the S. W. part of Sanbornton and the N. part of Salisbury, where it unites with Winnepisiogee river, and the main stream becomes the Merri- mack. From Campton to the S., the towns that lie on the E. of Pemigewasset river, ate Holder- ness New-Hampton and Sanborn- ton; on the W., Plymoutb,Bridge- water, Bristol, New-Chester, Ando- ver and Salisbury. PEauAwKETT, written by Bel- knap, Pigwacket, and by Sullivan Pickwocket, but the true orthogra- phy is found to be Pe-quaw-kett ; an Indian name applied to a coa- siderable tract of country, now in- eluding Conway, Fryeburg and some of the adjacent towns. It is also the name of a river flowing into the Saco, from two ponds in Eaton ; and of a mountain between Bartlett and Chatham, formerly called Kearsarge. Peterborough, a post-town, in Hillsborough county, in lat. 42° 62', is bounded N. by Hancock and Greenfield, E. by Greenfield and Temple, S. by Sharon, and W. by Jaflfrey and Dublin, containing 23,- 780 acres. It lies midway between Amherst and Keene, being 20 miles from each. It is 75 miles from Portsmouth, 60 from Boston, 40 from Concord, and 510 from Wash- ington city. Peterborough lies in a N. E. direction from the Grand Monadnock, and is bounded on the E. by a chain of hills called Pack Monadnock. Contoocook river runs in a N. E. and N. direction through the centre of the town, af- fording several good privileges for mills and factories. The N. branch, from Dublin.originating partly from waters near the Monadnock and partly from Long, or Hunt's pond, lying in Nelson and Hancock, af- fords a never failing supply of wa- ter, and furnishes those noble falls, on which are situated several fac- tories, and particularly the long known mills and factories of Hon. Samusi Smith. There are exten- sive and valuable meadows on this branch above these falls; and the soil generally throughout the town is excellent. The forests in the vi- cinity of the S. branch of the Con- toocook, were composed of large and lofty pines ; the hills on the E. crowned with majestic oaks ; and the intermediate lands principally clothed with hard wood and other valuable timber. In the centre of the town is a high hill, on which is situated the meeting-house, at an elevation of 200 feet above the river. The chain of hills on the E. is distinguished by two princi- pal summits. Between these sum- mits is a depression of a quarter part of the mountain's height. About 60 rods W. of the ridge, or summit of this depression, on an embenchment of the mountain, is a pond of about 9 acres extent, very deep and replenished with fish, at an elevation of 200 (eel above the site of the meeting-house. There is another pond near the foot of the southern summit of 33 acres, from which, during the dry season, there is no visible outlet. The southern summit terminates abrupt- ly at its southern extremity with §12 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. marks of a violent disruption, form ing what is termed the JS''otch in the mountain. The county road pas ses through this aperture. The hill rises again in Sharon ; and the chain, with some depressions and variations, continues for several miles. There are rocks in several places, which afford indications of sulphur, and crumble on exposure to the sun and air. Iron ore of an excellent quality has been discov- ered, but, as yet, in email quanti- ties. Besides the common medi- cinal plants, the Cohush, Ginseng and Buck bean are found here. The surface of this town being much varied with hills, vales,mead- ows, great swells of land, brooks and rivulets, while the larger streams are broken by falls and rapid in their course — the air and waters are pure ; the inhabitants remarkably healthy. No sickness has ever been experienced to any considerable extent. The first settlers generally attained to more than 80 years of age — several to almost a century. The oldest persons who have died in town, were Mr. John Morrison in his 98th year, and Mrs. Cunningham in her 99th year. The former died June 14, 1776, retaining ihe full possessioH of his faculties till within a short time of his death. He, with his parents and family, was in the City, and his age 10 years, at the famous siege of Lon- donderry, Ireland. The principal village embraces about half a mile in extent. Here are 3 cotton fac- tories, including Mr. Smith's ex- tensive establishment, his cotton factory, oil mill, fulling mill and paper manufactor}'. His mansion on the eastern side of the main stream, commands a pleasing view of the principal buildings. Two miles S. are situated a cotton fac- tory and a woollen factory. About the same distance N., is another cotton factory. Besides these, there are on the various streams, several grain and saw mills. The public buildings are a congregational and baptist meeting-house, and six school houses. — There is a social library containing a handsome se- lection of books. There is a bi- ble society, established Oct. 2,1814. Peterborough was granted in 1738, by the government of Massachu- setts to Samuel Heyvvood and oth- ers. The first settlement took place in 1739, by William Robbe, Alexander Scott, Hugh Gregg, Wil- liam Scott, and Samuel Slinson. Some of them had brought their families into the settlement, but they were compelled to retire in 1744, on occasion of the war which then commenced, and did not ter- minate till 1748. On their return, a large accession of settlers from Lunenburg, Londonderry and other places joined them. In 1759,there were 45 families, and on the 1 7th Jan. the next year, the town was incorporated. The first settlers of Peterborough were Scotch pres- byterians, from Ireland, or their immediate descendants. Wholly unused to clearing and cultivating of wild lands, they endured great hardships. Their nearest gristmill was atTownsend,25 miles distant — their road aline of marked trees. The first child baptized was Cath- rine, daughter of Hugh Gregg, the now aged and venerable moth- er of general Miller, governor of Arkansaw. The first male child born here, was Joh)i Ritchie ; he was born Feb. 22, 1751, and died in the service of his country at Cambridge, in 1776. This town has produced a large number of worthy, and several highly distin- guished citizens. Men, who have NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 213 ado/ned the bench, the bar and the pulpit, the legislature, the hall of congress and the chair of state, have been natives of this town. Of those who have been celebra- ted for their heroism, may be men- tioned Col, Andrew Todd, distin- guished in the wars of 1744 and 1755, and Capt. William Scott, noted for his military enterprize in the French war, and in the war which achieved our independence. Of these worthy men, and of Lieut. William Robbe, an account may be seen by referring to the Collec- tions, published by the authors of this work, vol. 1, p. 134-137. The first settled minister was Rev. John Morrison, born at Pathfoot, in Scot- hind, May 22, 1743; graduated at Edinburgh, 1765 ; ordained at Pe- terbonugh, Nov. 26, 1766 ; resign- ed in March 1772 : died Dec. 10, 1782. Rev. David Annan succee- ded in 1778 ; dismissed, June 1792. He was born at Cupar of Fife in Scotland, April, 1754; died in Ire- land in 1801. Both of these were presbyterians. The congregation- al church was embodied Oct. 23, 1799, at v/hich time. Rev. Elijah Dunbar, who graduated at Harvard college in 1794, was ordained. Pop. 1500. Phillip's river, a considerable branch of the Upper Amonoosuck, rises in Dixvillc and Columbia, and after passing through Ervin's loca- tion, Millsfield, Dummer and Wins- low's location, unites with the main stream in Piercy. PlERCY, township, Coos county, lat. 44° 33', is situated on the Upper Amonoosuck river, about 3 miles from its mouth; bounded N. by Strat- ford and ungranted lands, E. and S. by Kilkenny, W. by Norihumber land — comprising about 20,000 a- cres. In the N. E. part of the town tiie N. and S. branches of the Amon- T2 oosuck form a junction. Nash's stream, flowing from Stratford, falls into this river in the N. part of the town. Piercy 's pond lies on the E. side the town, the waters of which fall into the Upper Amon- oosuck in Paulsburg. The soil of Piercy is extremely broken and un- even, though in the valleys there are some tolerable farms. Mill mountain is in Piercy, and a part of Pilot mountain. There is also a singular ledge opposite Mill moun- tain,called the DeviVsSliding-place. On the S. it breaks abruptly into a precipice of nearly 300 feet, while on the N., cattle may be driven to the top. The settlement of this town commenced in 1783, by Caleb and Benjamin Smith ; in the year following, several other families ar- rived, and their population is now 21 8> There are no settled minis- ters in this place. Pop. 218. PiERMONT, a post-township, in Grafton county, in lat. 43° 58', is bounded N. by Haverhill, E. by Warren, S. byOrford, W. by Brad- ford, Vt. containing 23,000 acres. It is 70 miles from Concord and 132 from Boston. The soil, espe- cially on the Connecticut, is good. The meadows or intervals, are ex- tensive, and in some instances highly cultivated. The plains, ad- joining the meadows, are compo- sed of sandy loam, and in some pla- ces inclined to marie, and are fa- vorable to the growth of wheat, corn and every kind of grain and of grass. Back from the river, the town is made up of swells of fine grazing and mowing land well wa- tered with brooks and springs. The forest trees on the river are white pine; E. from the river, sugar ma- ple, birch, elm, bass and every spe- cies of timber found in the country. In the N. E. part of the town are three considerable ponds> called 214 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. Eastman's ponds. On a plain, be- tween these ponds, and on Coos turnpike, 6 miles from Haverhill corner, is the seat of the late Col. Tarleton, formerly counsellor and sheriff of Grafton county. From these ponds, issues Eastman's brook, which passing in a S. E. di- rection, falls into Connecticut riv- er, forming a number of excellent mill seats. Indian brook, on which mills are erected, is in the S. part. There is a small island in Connec- nicut river in the S. W. part of this town, called Barron's island. In the N. part is an extensive quar- ry of stones disposed in layers, con- venient for mill stones and various uses in building. The charter of Piermont was granted Nov. 6,1764, to John Temple and 59 others. The settlement commenced in 1770. The congregational church was gathered in 1771. Rev. John Richards was settled in 1776. He continued his labors till 1802, when his advanced age deprived the church and socie- ty of his usefulness. He died in Vermont in 1814. Rev. Jonathan Hovey was settled in 1810 for 5 years. Rev. Robert Blake, a gen- tleman from England, commenced his services here in 1819. There is a society of baptists ; and also one of methodists, over which the Rev. Dan Young formerly presi- ded. Pop. 1000. PiGwACKET. See Pequawkett. Pilot, a mountain. See Kil- kenny. Pine river, is a small stream, issuing from a pond in Wakefield, and passing N.W. into Ossipee lake. PiSCATAauoG river is formed of two principal branches, one from Francestown, the other from Hen- niker and Deering, which unite and form the main stream near the W. line of Goffstown. It pursues a S. easterly course through Goflfstown and the N. E. corner of Bedford, where it falls into Merrimack river. PiscATAauoG village, on the river of the same name and near its mouth, in the N. E. part of Bed- ford, contains 20 dvi^elling houses, a neat and handsome meeting-liouse^ a post office, 2 attorneys' offices, 3 stores, 1 tavern and a number of mechanics' shops. A handsome bridge is constructed over the Pis- cataquog in this village, 60 feet ia length. Since the Union Canal commenced operation, the boating business to this place has been car- ried on with much success. Sever- al of the stores are so situated that by the assistance of a lock at the mouth of the river, the boats may be brought up underthem, and their freight hoisted from the boats into the stores — by which the v'.cinity is supplied with the heavy articles of salt, lime, iron, fish, plaster, &c. at the Boston prices with the addi- tion of a small sum for freight. — On the S. side of the river below this village, is a public landing place, extending to the Merrimack, and from this place lumber of all descriptions from the circumjacent country, is conveyed down the riv- er to market by rafts and boats to Newburyport, and through the Mid- dlesex canal, to Charlestown and Boston. The rise and present flour- ishing appearance of this village is owing, in a great measure, to the enterprize and industry of William Parker and Isaac Riddle, esquires, who were the first to commence the mercantile business in this place. William Parker, Esq. who died in July, 1819, and Hon. James Parker, a senator in the legislature, in 1819. who died in 1822, resided in this village. PiscASSicK, a Small river, rises in the N. E. part of Brentwood, and NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 21! passes through New-Market into the Lamprey river at Durham. PiTTSFiELD, post-town, Rock- ingham county, in lat. 43° 15', con- tains an area of 14,921 acres, 94 of which are water. It is bounded N. E. by Barnstead, S. E. by Strafford and Northwood, S. W. by Chiches ter and Epsom, and N. W. by Lou- don. Piltsfield has a very uneven and rocky surface, but its soil is generally fertile. Suncook river passes through this town from N. to S. furnishing numerous mill seats*. Catamount mountain stretches a- cross the S. E. part of the town, from the summit of which the ocean is visible. Berry's pond is situated on this mountain, being about half a mile ia length, and 50 rods wide — supplied by springs in the moun- tain. A stream issuing from it furnishes four mill seats. East of this is Wild-goose pond, 1 1-2 miles long, 1 wide. West of these ponds the inagnetic-needle varies materi- ally. There are also three other ponds in Pittsfield — Shaw's, Eaton's and Bachelder's. This town was settled in 17 — , by John Cram and others; and in 1789 the congr.church was formed, and Rev. Christopher Page settled. He was dismissed in 1795. Rev. Benjamin Sargent was settled over a baptist church in 1801, and died in 1818. There is a large- society of free-will baptists, over which Elder Ebenezer Knowl- ton presides. There is also a soci- ety of friends. Pittsfield social library was incorporated in 1804 — has about 100 volumes. The spotted fever raged here with much violence in 1813-14, duringwhich 84 persons fell its victims. Numi)er of deaths since the first settlement of the town, 483, Pop. 1170. Plainfield, a post-town in Chesiiire county, on Connecticut river, in lat. 43*^ 33', is bounded N. Iby Lebanon, E. by Grantham, S. by Cornish, and W. by Hartland, Vt. onlaining 23,221 acres. It is 12 rniles from Dartmoutli college, 55 from Concord, and 111 from Boston. The forest trees, on the river, are pine ; on the highlands, maple, beech, birch, elm. There is con- siderable valuable interval, onCon- iccticut river, and in other parts are excellent meadows. There are two ponds. At the S. W. part of thib town, in Connecticut river, is Hart's island, which contains 19 acres. Waterqueechy falls are in this town. A bridge was erected here in 1807. A small stream flow- ing from Croydon mountaiits, waters this town. Plainfield has a pleasant village, situated on a hand- some plain, through the centre of which the street passes N. and S. There are two meeting houses and two congregational churches. On a pleasant eminence in Meriden parish, is located " The Union Academy," incorporated June 16, 1813. It is endowed with a perma- nent fund, of $40,000, the liberal bequest of the late Hon. Daniel. Kimball, the interest of which as directed by his last will, is to be applied as follows, viz. — $150 an- nually to the support of a Calvinist- ic preacher, and the remainder for the instruction of pious young men for the ministry. This seminary is in a flourishing condition. Plain- field was granted Aug. 14, 1761, and was settled in 1764, by L. Nash and J. Russell. The name is de- rived from a place in Connecticut, where the proprietors held their first meeting. A congregational church was formed in 1765 and Rev. Abra- ham Carpenter was ordained the same year, and was afterwards dis- missed. Rev. Experience Ester- brooks was settled June 6, 1787; dismisseU April 19, 1789. Rev, 216 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. Siloam Short was ordained 1799; died Sept. 1803. Rev. David Dick inson was ordained July 4, 1804 ; dismissed in Feb. 1819. Rev Micaiah Porter was installed July^ 19, 1805. The second church,whiciV is in Meriden paiish, consists of members belonginji; to this town and Grantham. Rev. Dana Clayes was ordained July 4, 1821. There is a baptist society, of which the church was formed in 1792. Rev. Jona- than Cram was ordained in Aug. 1793. Pop. 1460. Plaistow, a small township, Rockingham county, in lat. 42° 50', is bounded N. W. by Hampstead, N. E. by Kingston and Newtown & E. and S. W. by Haverhill, Ms W. by Atkinson — contains 6,839 acres, and is 36 miles from Concord, 30 from Portsmouth, and 35 from Boston. Plaistow was originally a part of Haverhill, and included in the purchase of the Indians, Nov. 15, 1642, and its settlement com- menced early, but the precise time cannot be ascertained. Among the first settlers were Capt. Charles Bartlett, Nicholas White, Esq. Dea. Benjamin Kimball and J. Harriman. Their posterity now inhabit the town. After it became annexed to New-Hampshire, a charter was granted, Feb. 28, 1749. The soil of this town is good, being a mix- ture of black loam, clay or gravel. The N. W. part of the town is rocky, and mineral substances have been discovered. Clay abounds near the centre — and a great number of springs water the fields and pas- tures. The principal stream is for- med near the centre of the town by the confluence of two smaller streams, one from Kingston, the other from Hampstead. The con- gregational church was gathered here Dec. 2, 1730, and Rev. James Cushin^ settled, who died May 13, il 1764. Rev. Gyles Merrill succeed- ed him March 6, 1765, and died April 27, 1801, aged 62. Both were graduates of Cambridge, and emin- ent men. The congregational so- ciety is in connexion with the N.par- ish in Haverhill. There are small societies of baptists and methodists, each of which have occasional preaching. Rev. Messrs, True Kimball, formerly of Newbury; Rev. Francis Welch, of Amesburj'^ ; Rev. Asa Eaton, episcopal clergyman in Boston; Rev. Samuel Gile, of Mil- ton ; Rev. Moses Welch, of Ames- bury, and Rev. Johnson Chase, of New-York, were natives of this town. Deac, J. Harriman, said to have been the first man in N. H. who embraced baptist sentiments, died here in 1820, aged 97. Pop. 563. Plymouth, a post town, and the half shire of Grafton county, in lat. 43° 44^, is bounded E. by Holderness, from which it is sepa- rated by Pemigewasset river, W. by Rumney and part of Hebron, N. by Campton and S. by Bridgewater. It contains 16,256 acres. It is 75 miles N. W. from Portsmouth. 31 from Haverhill, and 40 from Con- cord. This town is well watered. Besides numerous smaller streams, there are two rivers, Pemigewasset and Baker's, both of which are of considerable importance. They take their rise in the height of land between the Connecticut and Mer- rimack, called the eastern ridge. Baker's river is 30 miles in length. The soil is tolerably good, and, in general, is well cultivated. The prevailing kinds of wood are beech, maple, birch, hemlock, and white pine. The land is divided into up- land and interval. The proportion of the former to the latter is about seven eighths. The upland is mountainous. There is a small, NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 21? but pleasant village in this place, containing 37 dwelling houses. The chwrch, a neat building, with t steeple, stands on a hill at the N E. corner of the town, and com- mands an extensive prospect. There is a social library containing 164 volumes. There is a musical so ciety, incorporated in 1808, and f religious tract society, formed in 1819. Plymouth was granted July 15, 1763, to Joseph Blanchard, Esq and others. The first settlement commenced in August, 1764, by Zachariah Parker and James HO' bart, who, before the succeeding winter, were joined by Jotham Cuniings, Josiah Brown, Stephen Webster, Ephraim Weston, David Webster and James Blodgett, all of whom except Mr. Weston were from Hollis. The congregational church was gathered in 1765. Rev Nathan Ward was ordained its pastor at Newburyport, July 10, 1765. He died in June, 1804, aged 83, having been dismissed April 22, 1794. Rev. Drury Fairbank was ordained Jan. 1, 1800 i dismissed March 18, 1818. In August the same year. Rev. Jonathan Ward commenced his ministerial labors. A methodist church was formed in 1803. Tfie intervals in this town were formerly the resort of Indians for hunting. At the mouth of Ba- ker's river, they had a settlement, where Indian graves, bones, &c have been found ; also gun barrels, stone mortars, pestles and other utensils. Here, it is said, the In dlans were attacked by Capt. Baker and a party from Haverhill, Ms. who defeated them, killed a number and destroyed a large quantity of fur. From him. Baker's river de- rives its name. Dea. Noah John- son, one of Lovewell's men, died in Plymouth in the 100th year of his age, David Webster, Esq. sheriff of Grafton county, and Dr. John Rogers, an emincHt physician, and somewhat distinguished for his po- etical powers, resided in this town. Pop. 1000. PoiVDiCHERRT, name of a mountain, &c. See Jefferson. PoPLiw, post-townsliip, Rocking- ham county, in lat. 43°, is 24 miles from Portsmouth, 33 from Concord, and 50 from Boston. It is bounded |N. by Epping, E. by Brentwood, Si ;by a corner of Kingston, and by Hawke and Sandown, W. by Ches- ter and Raymond ; and contains 10,320 acres. There is a small pond in the N. part of the town cal- led Loon pond ; and the tovrn is watered by Squamscot, or Exeter river, beside several small streams. The soil is generally of a good quality, and the surface of the town is not broken by high hills. Spruce swamp is in the E. part of the town. The meeting-house is situated near the centre of the town. A methodist church has existed here for several years, over which Rev. Orlando Hinds pre- sides. Poplin was incorporated June 22, 1764 ; the date of its first settlement is not ascertained. The inhabitants are principally indus- trious farmers. Pop. 453. Portsmouth, a post-township, in the county of Rockingliam.is the principal town in the state, and the oaly sea-port which it contains. It is situated in lat. 43° 5'; long. 6® 23' E. from Washington ; and bounded N. W. by Newington, N. E. by Pascataqua river, which sep- arates it from Maine, S. E. and S. by Rye, W. by Greenland and Newington. Portsmouth is buiit on a beautiful peninsula, on the S. side of ihe river; and, as seen from the towers of the steeples, the river, harbor, points, islands, and adjacent 1 country present a delightful assem'' 218 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. of objects. In the W. and N. parts of the town are som« beau- tiful and productive gardens. This town originally included New-Cas- tle, Rye, Greenland and a part of Hampton (now North-Hampton.) It was settled under the auspices of Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Capt. John Mason, in 1623, and was in- corporated by charter in 1633. That part of it which lies round Church hill, extending N. towards Rindge's wharf, and W. towards the academy was originally called Strawberry- Bank. The first house of which we have any account, erected in what is now the compact part of the town, was built by Humphrey Cbadbourne, and according to tra- dition, stood near the corner of Court and Pond streets. It was called the " Great house," and is frequently referred to in our early histories. Within the memory of the present generation, a garrison house stood in Water street, at the head of Jacob Sheafe's wharf, an- other in Fore street on Moffatt's wharf, and a third at the ferry-ways. These were probably the principal houses on " the Bank." The first meeting-house stood on Pleasant street, near Doct. Goddard's house. After a short time, it was taken down ; and another erected on the hill beyond the S. bridge. The S. mill was granted to John Pickering, on condition of iiis making a foot bridge over the mill-pond for per- sons to pass to and from meeting. On the erection of the present N. and S. meeting-houses, and a (divis- ion of the parishes, the old meeting- house was made a school house. Except the garrison bouses above mentioned, the earliest settlements were probably on the Scuth road. The creek, which flows across Water street (under Liberty bridge) formerly extended to Pleasant street, and at high tides flowed over Rogers' field to the S. s^ill pond. The channel of this creek, in Pleas- ant street, has been filled up within fifty years. The N. mill-pond for- merly extended from Nathaniel Adams'.S. E. through Vaughn street, to John Melcher's house ; and the S. mill-pond (or rather the marshes around it) extended through Jaffrey street to the Hay-market. From the peculiar advantages of its situa- tion, Portsmouth appears almost wholly to have escaped the ravages of the Indians. Secured on three sides by the Pascataqua, the ocean, and an inlet, it was accessible to the savages only by the isthmus which connects it with the main ; and across that a stockade fence was extended for defence. The settlements were also compact, and the number of inhabitants, at an early date considerable. There are in Portsmouth seven churches, 2 for congregationalists, 1 for inde- pendents, 1 for episcopalians, 1 for universalists. 1 for baptists, 1 for methodists ; a court-house ; jail ; a branch of the U. S. bank ; 4 other banks ; a loan office ; several print- ing-offices, and several extensive book-stores ; 2 insurance offices ; aa academy", alms-house ; 2 markets ; a custom-house ; 280 stores ; 2 ex- tensive rope-walks; 3 distilleries, &c. A large brick market, 2 stories high, was erected in 1800, near the centre of the town, the upper story of which, called Jefferson-Hall, makes a commodious town-house. This market is constantly supplied with good provision. Back of Mer- chant's Row stands the Fish-mar- ket. In 1822, thg wealthy and j enterprising citizens of this town I connected Portsmouth with Kittery jin Maine, by two bridges, one 480 'feet in length.supported by 20 fram- |ed sections of piers ; the otaer 1750 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 219 feet, supported by 70 framed sec-j tions of piers. Under the long bridge, for 900 feet, the water varies from 45 to .53 feel in depth at low water. The length of the sections supporting the bridge in this place varies from 61 to 72 feet. The -draw is 1336 feet from the island, and the water is 21 feet deep at ebb tide. This bridge greatly in- creases and facilitates the travel from Portland aad its vicinity to this town and Boston. The public have long felt the need of it; but owing to the depth of the river and rapidity of the tide, it was thought j impracticable. There have been difficulties overcome in erecting this bridge never before attempted in New-England. It was complet- ed in less than six months from Us commencement, at the expense of about $32,000 only. The town is also connected with New-Castle by a bridge built in 1821. There are in this town 63 streets, 41 lanes 13 roads, and 3 squares. The streets, though not laid out with much reg- ularity, are pleasant. Portsmou^^b aqueduct company was incorporat- ed in 1797 ; and commenced its op- erations in 1799. Water of excel- lent quality is brought from a foun- tain about 3 miles distant., and conducted into all the principal streets. Portsmouth pier, 340 feet in length, and about 60 feet wide, was incorporated in 1795. Ports- mouth Athengeum was incorporat- ed in 1817; and has a library ofi about 1600 volumes ; and cabinets of mineralogy and natural history, &c. The institution is rapidly in- creasing in value. The people of this town were at an early period ' friendly to literature ; and for seven years commencing 1669, paid £50 per annum to Harv. college. Ports- mouth is the centre of a consider- able trade directed by wealthy and enterprizing citizens. There be- long t© this port, 146 vessels, of which 36 are ships, 30 brigs, 8 sloops, 25 schooners, 53 fishing ves- sels. There are 58 wharves. The commerce of Portsmouth is already noticed in p. 30 of this work. The Pascataqua, as it passes ihis town, is from 1-2 to 3-4 of a mile wide ; and although the current is so swift as to prevent the river from freezing, yet it forms one of the most secure r.ad commodious harbors in the United States, into which ships of any size or burthen may enter with perffcct safety. It is protected by nature from the ravages of the N. E. storms, and can very easily be rendered inaccessible to enemies.* The harbor is protected by four batteries — Fort Constitution, on Great Island (New-Castle -,) Fort M'Clary opposite, about a mile dis- tant, in Kittery; Fort Sullivan, on Trefetiicn island ; and Fort Wash- ington, on Peirce's island. The two latter were manned in the late war but are now i^ i state of decay. Abo?.u one mile L'e;ow tiie town, the navigation is rendered some- n'hat difficult by tbe rapidity of the curreiv. ; tho nair body o'the river being lovced Uirourii a. chpnnel only about 4ii rccb' wide. There : re in the Harbor a nutriliero •-.ost consuierabj i'^iiand. IV: or'.' island, on which i- > leN v)f-Yard, one of the safest and m^A conven- ient on the coast 5 Baiter's i&land, * Tlie main entrrnce to the harbor is on th° N. bet- . eea ISTew-Csist'c and Kitti ry ; the oth , :• entranc , on the S. of Nev.--CastU :<; cah. .^ LifneHu-bory where the water is shor .nil ♦ i- c attorn saa.iy. At this place, jp the spri: g of 1623, '.'le first settle- . of iLin state, r.;ade their lauding, and iu the same year |eommenead settlements here and at : Dover. f iblauds, the of w'^icbisGreat 1: rirec'cirunentai S20 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. on which the JVorih Ameriea, (the first line of battle ship 1 lanched in the western heinisphere) was built during the revoluuonary war. Pcrts- mouth msrine society was incor- porated in 1808 ; and has a find of $2500. Tiie JVew-Hampshire Ga- zette, Portsmouth Journal and the Christian Herald, are published here. [A par.i'^alar notice of the different papers, &c. published in this town will be given in the Ap pendix.] Few tov/us in New-Eng land have sutlered so much from fires as Portsmouth. In 1781, the house, stable and a large store of Hon. Woodbury Langdon were destroyed, and a large portion of the town must have been laid in ashes, but for a sudden change of wind. Dec. 26, 1802, 102 buildings were burnt. Dec. 24, 1806, 14 build ings, including St. John's church, were destroyed. But the most ca- lamitous fire broke out Dec. 22,1813, when 397 buildings were burnt, of which more than 100 were dwell ing houses. The ravages extend- ed over about 15 acres. In Sept. 1798, a malignant fever prevailed here, and 55 persons died. About SO also died in this season of dysen- tery. This town has generally been healthy — its air is pleasant and salubrious. In Portsmouth, there exist different religious de- nominations, which we shall en- deavor tr arrange according to the time of their appearance. (1.) The first religious society in this town was a small one of Episcopalians, who built a church prior to 1638, and employed Rev. Richard Gibson to reach in it. Ho reaiained here till 642. From this period to 1680, and auerwards to 1732, there exist no autlientic records of this church. In 1732, a new church, called Queea's Chapel, now St. John's Church, was erected, and Rev. Arthur Browne became the first incumbent in 1736. He died in June, 1773, aged 73. Rev. John Cosens Ogden succeeded in 1786 ; removed in 1793; died in 1800. Rev. Joseph Willard succeeded in 1795 ; resigned in 1806. Rev. Charles Burroughs succeeded Feb. 1,1810. Number of communicants, 90, (2.) Of Congregaiionalists, there are three societies. The 1st congregational church was under the care of Rev. Joshua Moodey, who graduated at Harvard college in lo53; was ordained 1671; died July 4, 1697, aged 65. Rev. Na- thaniel Rogers, who graduated at Harvard college in 1687, was or- dained May 3, 1699; died Oct. 3, 1723, aged 54. Rev. Jabez Fitch, wl'O graduated at Harvard college in 1694, was settled in 1725; died Nov. 22, 1 746, aged 73. Rev. Sam- uel Langdon, D. D. afterwards Pres- ident of Harvard college, graduated 1740, was ordained Feb. 4, 1747 ; dismissed Oct. 9, 1774. Rev. Jo- seph Buckminster, D. D. who grad- uated at Yale college in 1770, was ordained Jan. 27, 1779; died June 10, 1812, aged 61. Rev. Israel W. Putnam, who graduated at Dart- mouth college in 1809, was ordain- ed March 15, 1815. Number of communicants, 140. The 2d con- gregational church (in the S. parish) was formed about 1715. Rev. John Emerson, who graduated at Har- vard college ill 1689, was ordained March 28, 1715; died June 21, 1732, aged 62. Rev. William Shurtlefi; who graduated at Harvard college n 1 707, was installed Feb. 21, 1733; died May 9, 1747. Rev. Job Strong, who graduated at Yale college in 1747, was ordained June 28, 1749; died Sept. 30, 1751, aged 27. Rev. Samuel Haven, D. D. who graduat- ed at Harvard college in 1749, was ordained May 6, 1752; died March NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 221 3, 1806, aged 79. Rev. Timothy Alden, now President of Alleghany college in Penn. who graduated at Harvard college in 1794, was or- dained colleague with Dr. Haven, Nov. 20, 1799; dismissed Aug. 11, 1805. Rev. J^athan Parker, who graduated at Harvard college in 1803, was ordained Sept. 14, 1808. dumber of communicants, 110. The 3d congregational, or indepen- dent church has had the following pastors ; viz. Rev. Samuel Drown, ordained Nov. 2, 1761 ; died Jan. 17, 1770, aged 49. Rev. Joseph Walton, ordained Sept. 22,1789; died in 1822, aged 80. (3.) The Sandemanians are a small society formed about the year 1764, to which, for many years, Daniel Humphreys, Esq. has statedly min- istered. (4.) There is a Univer- saiist society, the doctrines of which were first preached in Portsmouth, in Nov. 1773, by Rev. John Murray of Boston. The society was iu- corporated in Aug. 1793 ; the church was constituted in July, 1805, consisting of 12 members, The ministers have been, Rev George Richards, ordained in July 1799; dismissed in April, 1809- Rev. Hosea Ballou.installed in 1809 removed in 1815 — and Rev. Sebas tian Streeter, who succeeded Mr Ballou in Aug. 1815. Communi- cants, 44. (5.) The Methodists. who have a church, organized April 27, 1809, have had regular preach ing since 1803. Communicants, 100. (6.) The Baptists formed a society in 1802; and a church was constituted in March, 1803. Elder Elias Smith officiated here several years. Ainon^ the citizens of Portsmouth distinguished for their taleuts or public ser\'ices, we may mention GEORGE VAUGH AN, grandson of Maj. William Vaughan, the intrepid opposer of the &i*bitrary Cranfield, who was born u April 13, 1676, and in 1715 was appoint- ed lieutenant governor. I'his office he sustained but a short time, and died in Dec. 1725. His son, WILLIAM VAUGHAN, the original projector cf the expedition against Louisbourg, was bom at Portsiiiout}'., Sept. 12, 1703 ; ex- hibited much bravery in the siege of that fortress, and died in London in Dec. 1746. JOHN WENTWOKTH, the first governor of that name in N. H. was grandson of William Wentworth, who was an eider of the church at Do^er in 1662. In early life, he commanaed a ship, and acquired a fortune by mer- cantile pursuits. Without superior tal- ents, his industry and activity in busi- ness, together with an obliging deport- ment, recommended him to the esteem of the pecpie ; and in 1717, he was ap- pointed lieutemint governor, and after Shute's departure, commauder in chief. He died Dec. 12, 173u, aged 59. He had sixteen children. BENNING WENTWORTH, his son, graduated at Harvard college in 1715 ; was a mem- ber of the assembly and councxi ; went to London on some mercantile busint^s, where he solicited and obtained the commission of governor. He continu- ed in office about 20 years. He was supei-seded in 1767, by his nephew, John Went\rorth, and died Oct.14, 1770, aged 75. JOHN WENTWORTH, the second, was bred a merchant, possessed amiable qualities, and by his cuterprize and zeal for pub;ic improvements, soon became a favoiite of the people. Fa- voring the cause of the mother country, on the breaking out of the revolution, he was obhged to retire, and embarked for Nova-Scotia, where he Nvas govern- or several years. He was honored with the degree of LL. D. from the universi- ties of Oxford and Aberdeen, and from Dartmouth college. He was iuade a baronet before he left N. H. He died at Halifax, April 8, 1820, aged 84. DANIEL RINDGE, Esq. an eminent merchant, and member of the provin- cial council, died Jan. 12, 1799,ag d68. Hon. PEIRCE LONG, died in April, 1789 : during the revolution, he com- manded a regiment— was a member of the old congress, and frequently in the legislature of the state. Coi. GEORGE GAINS, a patriotic revolution luy sol- dier, died April 25, 1809, aged 73. Dr. JOSHUA BRACKETT, artistinguish- ed physician and founder of the Medical Society, died Juiy 17, 1802, age^d 69. Hon. SAMUEL HALE, a native of 22^ NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. Newbury ,Ms.g^aduated at Harvard col- lege in 1740; in 1745 commanded a com- pany of provincials at the siege of Louis- bourg ; and afterwards for more than 30 years taught a public school inPoi-ts- mouth. " His fame in the regions of the Pascataqua was equal to that of his cotemporary Lovell,in the metropolis of New-England." He was subsequently ^ judge of the common pleas, and died July 10, 1807, aged 89. Rev. SAMUEL HAVEN, D. D. was bom at Framing- ham, Ms. Aug. 4, 1727 ; graduated at Harvard college in 1749 ; settled at Portsmouth in 1752 ; received the de- gree of D. D. from the University of iidiuburgh in 1772 ; and died March 3, 1806, aged 79. He was an eminently useful man ; seven of his sermons have heen printed. Dr. AMMI R. CUT- TER, was born at North-Yarmouth, Me. in March, 1735 ; graduated at Har- vard college in 1752 ; studied the sci- ence of medicine, and was surgeon of a regiment at the capture of Cape Bre- ton ; was appointed to the charge of the northern medical department in 1777 ; and was a member of the convention which formed the constitution. For 60 years he was an eminent practitioner, and during life a firm supporter of his country. He died Dec. 8, 1820, agt d 86. Hon. JOHN PIC KERING. LL.D. was a native of Newington ; graduated at Harvard college in 1761 ; and having devoted some time to theological studies, was offered the rectorship of an episco- pal church in England. He decliuLd, and applied himself to the study of tht Jaw— m which he became eminent. Hl was a member of the convention which formed the constitution ; frequently a member of tht: legislature ; president of the senate in 1789 ; and governor ex- officio of the state, on the election of Gov. Langdon to the Senate of the U S. He was appointed chief-justice of the superior court in 1790, and contin- ued in office five yeais. He was after- wards district judge of fhe U. S. ; and died Apni 11, 1805, aged 67. Hon. JOHN LANGDON, LL. D. was born at Portsmouth in 1740. His father, who was a respectable farmer, resided about three miles from the compact part of Portsmouth. In the ear'y prirt of tht revolution we find this distiuguisli;d pati-iot boidly asserting jur rigUis and actively engaged in their def.nce. Since the attainment of our liberties, iie acted equally as conspicuous a part, in vigUantiy watching and pro- tecting them. In 1775, he was a dele- gate from this state to the congress which met at Philadelphia. In 1785, he was chosen president of the state. He was elected to the same office ii» 1788, and after the adoption of the pres- ent constitution, was governor six years. He ever discharged the duties of the offices to which he was elected faithful- y and acceptably. He possessed a good heart, a sound mind, and was re- narkabiy pleasing in his maimers. The object of his life was more to do good than to dazzle. Unlike many elevated to office, he remembered that the peo- ple clothed him with authority, ana his only study was to serve the people hon- estly and faithfully. He died Sept. 18, 1819, aged 79. Hon. WOODBURY LANGDON, only brother of Gov. L. was a member of the old congress, judge of the superior court several years, and through life a firm patriot and useful citizen. He died in Jan. 1805. Hon. RICHARD EVANS was born at Ports- mouth, May 13, 1777 ; commenced busi- ness as a merchant ; afterwards studied law ; was elected member of the legis- lature; and in 1809 was appointed judge of the superior court. He died July 18, 1816, aged 39. JONATHAN M. SEW- ALL Esq. counsellor at law, and a re- spectable poet, was born at Salem, Ms. in 1748 ; and died at Poi-tsmouth March 29, 1808. Rev. JOSEPH BUCKMIN- STER, D. D. a native of Rutland, Ms. was graduated at Yale college in 1770 ; was tutor at that institution four years ; s.ttied at Portsmouth in 1779 ; received the degree of D. D. from N. J. college in 1803 ; and died at Reedsborough, Vt. June 10, 1812, aged 61. Dr. B. was a distinguished scholar and eminent di- vine. Many other worthy men might be named, had we not already extend- ed this article to a great length. Ports- uouth contains an area of 9,702 acres ; and is 45 miles from Concord, 55 from Boston— maii-route 64 ; and 58 from Portland. Pop. in 1820—7,327. Powow river, has its principal source in Great and Country ponds in Kingston, and passes over tiie S. W. part of East-Kingston into South-Hampton ; thence into Ames- liury, where it turns E. into South rlampton again, and returns into Aniesbury, tailing into the Merri- mack between Salisbury and Ames- burv. There are several falls in NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 223 this river : those in Amesbury be- ing the most remarkable, the wa- ter falling 100 feet in the distance of 50 rods, and presenting, with the variety of machiHery and dams, houses and scenery on the falls,one of the most interesting views in the country. Public Lands. The ungrant «d lands belonging to the state of New-Hampshire, are situated with- in the counties of Grafton and Coos. They consist of a large tract N. of lat. 450 containing about 160,000 acres ; a tract of about 28,000 acres, E. of Stratford ; and large tracts of mountainous territory S. and S. W. of the White Mountains, extending up theij summits. Pop. 17. a. QtJ-AMPHEGAN, name of the falls on the Pascataqua, between Somersworth and Berwick. QuoNEHTiauoT, the ancient spelling of Connecticut, a Mohea- kanneew word, and literally signi fying long river. QuocHECHo. See Cocheco. R. Ragged Mountains, so called from their rough appearance, lie be tween Andover and New-Chester, extending in a chain about 10 miles from the Pemigewasset to the vi- cinity of Kearsarge. It is a bleak and precipitous range, and is near- ly 2000 feet high, in its N. points. Raymond, post-townsh!p,Rock- ingham county, in lat. 43° 2', 65 miles from Boston, 25 from Ports- mouth, 25 from Concord, 13 from Exeter, is t)ounded N. by Deer- field and Nottingham, E. by Ep- ping and Poplin, S. by Chester, W. ahd N. W. by Chester and Candia, and contains an area of 16,317 acres. Two branches of the Lam- prey river, from Deerfield and Can- dia, unite in Raymond; and the waters of two ponds also fall into this river as it passes through town. The Patuckaway, from Notting- ham, crosses the N. E. corner into Epping. The soil is various : that of the meadows bordering on the river is productive, and considera- ble attention has been recently paid to its cultivation. The high lands are covered with a growth of oak and forest pines. The public high- ways through this town are good, and constantly improving. In the N. part of the town, about 100 rods from the principal road leading to Deerfield, near the summit of a hill about 100 feet high, is a natural excavation in a ledge, called the Oven, from the appearance of its mouth. It is a regular arch about 5 feet high and of the same width, extending into the hill about 15 feet, and terminating in a number of fis- sures. Many rattlesnakes were formerly found here. Raymond was originally that part of Chester called Charming-fare. In 1762, it was made a distinct parish, and incorporated May 9, 1765, by its present name. The names of 24 of the inhabitants of Raymond are found enrolled among the soldiers of the revolution, beside numbers of the militia engaged for short pe- riods. Four were killed or died in service. Over the congregation- al church, Rev. Jonathan Stickney was ordained 22d Oct. 1800. He was succeeded by Rev. Stephen Bailey in 1817, who continued to preach until 1822. The church is now vacant. Hon. John Dud- ley, a distinguished patriot of the revolution, member of the commit- tee of safety, speaker of the House, and judge of the superior court, died here May 21, 1805, aged 80, (For a memoir of his life, see Hist. ^24 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. Goll. for 1822, p. 155.) The deaths in this town from April, 1766, to Dec. 1821, were 514 — the greatest number in one year 20, the least 2 —averaging about 9 per annum. Pop. 961. Red Hill, a noted and beauti- ful eminence situated in Moulton- borough, commanding a varied and enchanting prospect. See Moulton- borough. Red Hill river, originating in a pond in Sandwich, falls into the Winnepisiogee in Moultonborough. Richmond, a post-township in Cheshire county, in lat. 42° 45', is bounded N. by Swanzey, E. by Fitzwilliam, S. by Royalston and Warwick, Ms. W. by Winchester, containing 23,725 acres. This town is 12 miles from Keene, 70 from Concord, and 72 from Boston. It is watered by branches of Ashuelot and Miller's rivers, which fall into the Connecticut. The ponds are three in number, one of which is one of the sources of Miller's river. The soil here is favorable for yield- ing rye, wheat, Indian corn, and most of the productions found in this section of New-England. The laud is generally level. There are no remarkable elevations. There is a small village of 15 or 20 dwel- ling houses ; and there are two tneeting-houses, which are near the centre of the town. The Ash- uelot turnpike road passes through Richmond in an E. and W. direc- tion. Richmond was granted Feb. 28, 1752, to Joseph Blanchard and others. It was settled within 5 or 6 years afterwards, by people from Massachusetts and Rhode-Island The first child born in town was Lemuel Scott — born in 1757. The first baptist church was formed in 1768. Rev. Maturin Ballou was ordained in 1770; died in 1804 Rev. Artemas Aldrich was settled in 1777. The second baptist church was formed in 1776, and Rev. Isaac Kenny was settled in 1792. There is a large society of friends in this town. Pop. 1400. RiJVDGE, a post-township, in Cheshire county, in lat. 42° 45', is 7 miles in length and 5 in breadth, containing 23,838 acres; bound- ed N. by Jaffrey and Sharon, E. by New-Ipswich, S. by Massachu- setts, and W. by Fitzwilliam. It is 20 miles from Keene, 56 from Concord, and 60 from Boston. The soil is very productive, lying on swells of land for the most part in- clining to the S. It was originally covered with a mixture of beech, maple, birch, hemlock, &c. There are 13 ponds, the largest of which are called Manomonack, Emerson, Perley, Long, Grassy, Bullet : the others are of less note. The 3 first discharge their waters into Miller's river in Mass., thence communicat- ing with the Connecticut ; the 3 last discharge themselves into Con- toocook river, and from thence in- to the Merrimack. These ponds abound with fish, and were much frequented by the Indians for pro- curing fur, &c. — There is a small elevation of land in Rindge, from which the waters that issue on one side descend into the Merrimack, and those on the other side, into the Connecticut. Iron is found here ; also a species of paint near- ly equal to the best quality of Spanish brown. A mineral spring has been discovered, but its virtues have not been sufficiently tested to acquire celebrity. The principal village lies on the Rindge turnpike, leading from Boston to Keene, and contains about 20 dwelling houses^ The street is nearly straight, and is one fourth of a mile in length. Rindge was originally granted from Massachusetts, and called Rowley NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 225 Canada, or Monadnock No. 1. It received its present name from one of the proprietors, when it was in- corporated, Aug. 11, 1768. The settlement commenced in 1762, by Jonathan Stanley, George Hewitt and Abel Platts, followed by a num- ber of other families the same year. The first native of Rindge was Samuel Russell. The date of the congregational church is not cer- tainly known. Rev. Seth Deane was ordained over it in 1765, and was dismissed 1780. Rev. Seth Payson, D. D. was ordained Dec. 4, 1782; died Feb. 26, 1820, aged 62. Rev. Amos Wood Burnham, was ordained Nov. 14, 1821. There are small societies of methodists and universalists. Rev. Se.tii Pay- &0N, D. D. is deserving respectful notice. He graduated at Harvard college in 1777. He was held in high estimation not only by the people of his charge, but was uni- versally acknowledged to be a man of quick perception and powerful talents. In 1809, he received his doctorate of divinity from Dart- mouth college ; in 1813, he was elected a trustee of that institution, which office he held till his death. He was several years president of the N. H. bible society and a mem ber of the A. B. C. for foreign mis sions. Edward Jewett, Esq. is among the oldest and most respect- ed inhabitants of this place. For many years, he sustained several town offices, and was a representa- tive in the legislature. In 1785, he was appointed a justice of the peace, and afterwards a justice throughout the state. At the age of 82, he holds an office in the church, in which he is still able to officiate. Pop. 1300. Rochester, a post-township in the county of Straffiard, is in lat. 43°j 17', and in the E. part of the state,) U2 bounded N. E. by the middle of Salmon-fall river, S. E. by Dover and Somersworth, S. W. by Bar- rington and a part of Straffiard, and N. W. by Farmington and Milton, which two last mentioned towns were formerly a part of Rochester. It is 10 miles from Dover, 22 from Portsmouth, 40 from Concord. Be- sides Salmon-fall river, which di- vides this town from Berwick and Lebanon, hi the state of Maine, the Cocheco river runs the whole length of the town and nearly in the mid- dle, and the Isinglass river crosses the southerly corner of the town just before its junction with Coche- co river, at a place called Blind Will's Neck. Both Salmon-fall and Cocheco rivers afford several val- uable mill seats ; on the latter of which, near the centre of the town, stands the principal village, called JVorway Plains. It is a place of considerable trade, and the great thoroughfare roads, from the upper towns in the county, to Dover and Portsmouth, pass through this vil- lage. Here are several stores, 1 cotton factory, 1 trip hammer, 2 potteries, besides mills, &c. of every description necessary to the wants of the place ; also one meeting- house, court-house, and about 60 dwelling-houses. There is another village about 2 miles S. W, from this, called Squamanagonnick, the Indian name of the falls in the Cocheco at that place. Much of the soil in Rochester is good, af- fording many valuable farms, with a proportion of pine plains which are useful for raising corn and grain, and some of a cold and inferior quality. The surface is un- even, with several swells, the prin- cipal of which is Squamanagon- nick hill, which constitutes a con- siderable part of several valuable farms. In the W. part of the towjj, 226 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. is a large tract of oak land, which is hard and stony ; has a deep rich soil, and is very productive when well cultivated. Between Norway plains and Salmon-fall river is a considerable quantity of land for- merly called W'hitehall, the soil of which was destroyed by fire in the dry years of 1761 and 1762, so as to be of little value for cultivation. Rochester was granted by Massa- chusetts to a number of proprietors, in 127 shares, and contained up- wards of 60,000 acres of land. That part now Rochester contains 22,000 acres. The town was incorporated May 10, 1722. Capt. Timothy Roberts moved into the town with his family and made the first per- manent settlement, Dec. 28,1728; he was soon followed by Eleazar Ham, Benjamin Frost, Joseph Richards, Benjamin Tebbets and •thei-s, and in perilous times, as might be expected, the inhabitants made slow progress in settlement and wealth. Until Canada was taken by the British and American troops in 1760, ^t remained a fron- tier town ; the people were poor and distressed, but not discouraged. When a war broke out with the Indians, they had to move their flimilies into garrisons, and be on their watch night and day ; nor could they improve their little farms but at the hazard of their lives, and in such companies as they could col- lect, with armed sentinels kept on watch. Their men were bold, haif- dy and industrious ; and their sobs were trained to the use of arms. They early became a terror to their foes. They did not suffer so much as many towns whose situation ap- peared less hazardous. June 27, J 746, Joseph Heard, Joseph Rich- ards, John Wentworth and Ger- sham Downs were killed, and John Richards wounded, taken captive and carried to Canada ; but not long after returned. He died in 1792, aged 70 years. Jonathan Door, a boy, was also carried cap- tive, and remained with the Indians until the reduction of Canada, when he returned. May 23, 1747, Samuel Drown was wounded in the hip — the ball was never extracted ; he died in 1795, aged 90 years. May 1, 1748, the wife of Jonathan Hodgdon was killed on a Sunday morning by the Indians, on refus- ing to be taken to Canada with the party. Her husband married again, had 21 children in all, and died in 1815, aged 90 years. In Belknap's history, mention is made of another man's being killed by the Indians, which upon enquiry ap- pears to have been a mistake. Mo- ses Roberts was shot by a sentinel, who supposed him to be an Indian* In less than ten years after the set- tlement of this town a church was gathered and Rev. Amos Main or- dained ; he died April 5, 1760; aged 51, Rev. Samuel Hill was ordained Nov. 5. 1760; died Nov. 19, 1764. Rev. Avery Hall wasordained Oct. 15, 1766; and dismissed April 10, 1775. The present venerable pas- tor, Rev. Joseph Haven, was ordain- ed Jan. 10, 1776. There are soci- eties of baptists and methodist9,each of which have stated ministrations. With the former Eld. Enoch Place is the pastor. There are two meet- ings of the friends' society in the town — one consisting of about 20 families, partly from Farmington^ and the other of about 15 families. They have two meeting houses, which are about 8 miles apart. There is also a universalist society. By the bills of mortality, it appears that there have died in Roches- ter in 46 years, 1047 persons, of whom there appear to have died 19 above 90 years old ; 75 between NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 22T 80 and 90 ; 107 between 70 and 80 : 67 between 60 and 70 ; 53 between 50 and 60 ; 65 between 40 and 50. The inhabitants have sometimes been visited with the malignant throat distemper, particularly in 1780, when 28 children died of the disorder within 6 months. In the revolutionary war, many of the in- habitants bore a part. Captains David Place and John Brewster led companies to Ticonderoga, and suffered much in their retreat from that place in 1777. Of the soldiers from Rochester, 29 were killed or died in that contest. Rochester social library was incorporated Feb. 14, 1794, and contains nearly 400 volumes. James Knowles was many years a deacon in the church, a representative to the general court from 1765 until after the rev- "olutionary war, and a magistrate for several years ; he died at an ad- vanced age. Hon. John Pli'MER was appointed a judge of the court of common pleas by Gov. John Wentworth, when the county was organized ; and by his judicious conduct, was continued through, and after the revolution, until his voluntary resignation, the latter part of which time, he was chief justice. He was the first magis- trate appointed in the town, and by his remarkably conciliatory con- duct was enabled to settle most dis- putes that came before him in an amicable manner, and was justly entitled to the character of peace- maker. He died Nov. 19, 1815, aged 95 years. Col. John M'Duf- FEE was born soon after his par- ents arrived from Ireland ; was an officer in the French war. In 1762, he was chosen representative to the general court, being the first from Rochester. He early embark- ed in the cause of his country; was a colonel in the revolutionary army, and several years a member of the senate and house of uepie- sentatives of the state. He was a man of strong mind and memory, and of extensive information, and a sincere friend to his country ; and died Oct. 15, 1817, aged 91 years-. Dr. James How, a respectable physician, and sometime member of the general court, died Oct. 13> 1807, aged 54. John P. HALE,Esq-, was a distinguished lawyer. Open, generous and affable, yet strictly correct, he will long be remember- ed as an ornament to the profession. He died Oct. 15, 1819, aged 44 years. Josiah Main, son of the first minister, was 33 years succes= sively town clerk, commencing in 1771. Pop. 2471. RoxBURY, a small town in Cheshire county, in lat. 42° 57', is bounded N. by Sullivan, E. by Nel- son and Dublin, S. by Marlborough and W. by Keene, containing about 6000 acres. It is 5 miles from the coart house in Keene, 76 N.W.from Boston, and 50 S. W. from Con- cord. The N. branch of Ashuelot river forms the boundary between this town and Keene. Roaring brook, on which are several small meadows, waters the S. part, and empties into the Ashuelot at the S. W. corner. On the E. side of the township is a pond, called Roaring Brook pond, at the outlet of wbich stand a saw mill and grist mill. Roxbury presents a rough and uneven surface, rising into considerable swells, affording excellent grazing land, and fur- nishing the various productions found in the county of Cheshire. There is a post road leading from Keene to Concord. There is a meeting house in the centre of the town, and a congregational church was formed Aug. 15, 1816. Rev. Christopher Paige wa-s installed SSiS NEWHAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. Nov. 21. the same year ; dismis- sed March 11, 1819. This town was formed of a part of Nelson, Marlborough and Keene, and in- corporated Dec. 9, 1812. The number of deaths from its incorpo- ration to Jan. 1, 1822, was 44; births 108. Pop. 366. RoTSE mountain is situated in the ungranted lands N. of Chat- ham. RuMNET, a post township in Grafton county, in lat. 43° 49', is bouuded N. E. by Ellsworth, E. by Canipton and Plymouth, S. by Gro- ton and Hebron, and N. W. by Wentworth, containing 22,475 a- cres. It is 8 miles from Plymouth, 47 from Concord and 110 from Boston. It is watered by Baker's river, of which a considerable branch flows from Stinson's pond, and is called Stinson's brook. The pond is in the N. part of the town, and is 400 rods long and 280 rods wide. Part of Loon pond is on the E. line of this town. The principal elevations are Stinson's and Webber's moun- tains in the E.part.and a small part of Carr's mountain,which here obtains the name of Rattlesnake mountain, on its N. W. border. The soil here exhibits considerable degrees of fer- tility. The forest trees are white pine, sugar maple, oak, beech and birch. Rumney was granted first to Samuel Olmstead, afterwards, on the 18th of March, 1767, to Daniel Brainard and others. It was first settled in Oct. 1765, by Capt. Jo- tham Cummings, and in 1766, by Moses Smart, Daniel Brainard, James Heath and others. The first minister was a congregationaliit, Rev. Thomas Niles, who graduated at Yale college in 1758. He was settled by the proprietors, Oct. 21, 1767. A baptist church was form- ed in 1780,and Rev. Cotton Haines o-)rdained the same ywr. P4.ev. iEzra Wilmarth succeeded in April, { 1799 ; was fiismissed in May,1811. i There is also a free-will baptist church in Rumney. It was in this town, on the 28th of April, 1752, that the late General St ARK, while on a hunting expedition, was cap- tured by a party of 10 Indians, com- manded by Francis Titigaw. He was in company with Amos East- man of Concord, David Stinson of Londonderry, and his brother Wil- liam. Eastman was taken prisoner on the next morning. Stinson and William Stark, attempting to es- cape, were fired upon : Stinson fell, was killed, scalped and stripped of his wearing apparel. William made his escape. This event, and the name of Stinson as connected with it, will long be perpetuated by the name of the pond, mountain, and brook, in the town, where the unfortunate man was slain. Fop. 864. Rye, is a township in the coun- ty of Rockingham, pleasantly situ- ated on the sea coast, in lat. 43° 1' ; 6 1-2 miles from Portsmouth, by the road, 4 1-2 on a straight line, and 51 from Concord. It is bound- ed N. and N. W. by Portsmouth, N. E. by Little Harbor, E. by the sea, S. by North-Hampton, W. by Greenland, comprising 7,780 acres. Its name is supposed to have orig- inated from the circumstance of some of its first settlers emigrating from a town of the same name, in Great-Britain. It was originally taken from Portsmouth, Green- land, Hampton and New-Castle, chiefly the latter ; and though it began to be settled as early as the year 1635, it was not incorporated till 1719. For about 90 years the people here had no settled minister of the gospel among them ; but at- tended public worship in some of the neighboring towns, particularly NEW.HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 229 at Portsmouth and New-Castle. The first settlers ol this town were of the names of Berry, Seavey, Rand, Bracket, Wallis, Jenness and Locke ; which names, except thai of Bracket, are still retained here, and most of them are numerous. The soil, in this town, is in general hard and stubhorn, and not natur- ally fertile ; hut, hy the hand of in- dustry, and the help ofvnrious kinds of sea-weed, which the coast affords in considerable abundance, and which is annually spread upon the farms, it is rendered very pro- ductive of corn, potatoes, hay, &c. The sea coast here is about 6 miles in extent, being nearly one third of the coast in the state. On the shore, there are three con- siderable and very pleasant beach- es, viz : Sandy, Jenness' and Wal- lis' ; to which many persons re- sort in the summer season from neighboring towns and the country, both for health, and for pleasure. There is here, a small harbor, near Goss' mill, into which vessels of 70 or 80 tons burden may conven- iently enter, at high water. This harbor, with the expense of 1 or 2000 dollars, it is thought, might be made to answer very important purposes, both public and private. The boat fishery is carried on to considerable advantage, particular- ly in the fall and winter seasons. There was formerly a large fresh water pond, lying contiguous to the sand bank or hounds of the sea covering a surface of about 300 acres. Between this and the sea, a communication was opened by the inhabitants about a century since. The waters were discharged into the sea, leaving a tract cf maish which, being watered by the regular flowing of the tide, yields annually large quantities of salt hay. Break- fas{|Hill, between this town and Greenland, is distinguished as the plate where a party of Indians were surprised at breakfast, at the time of their incursion in 1696. There are small circular holes in the rocks of which this hill is principally composed, supposed to have been made use of by the natives. This town has sufiered considerably in times of war and danger. In 1694^ John Locke, living on the Neck, was ambushed and killed by the In- dians, while reapinji grain in his field. In 1696, at one time, 21 per- sons, at Sandy beach, were either killed or carried away by them. In the Canada or Frencli war, 14 per- sons, belonging to this town, were killed or died, in service : and in the American or revolutionary war, 38 of its inhabitants lost their lives, by sea or land ; most of thera young men. A meeting-house was first erected here, about the year 1725 ; a church was organized July 20, 1726 ; and the Rev. Nathaniel Morrill, ordained 14th Sej»t. of the same year. He centinwed in the min- istry about seven years, and was then dismissed. His successor. Rev. Samuel Parsons, was ordained Nov. 1736 ; and deceased Jan. 4, 1789, in the 78th year of his age, and the 53d of his ministry. His memory is still dear to those who survive him, and recollect his virtues. During his min- istry, 206 persons were admitted in- to full communion with the church, and between six and seven hun- dreds received baptism. Rev. Hun- ting-ton Porter J). D. was ordained, as colleague Vt'ith Mr. Parsons, Dec. 29, 1784. From that time to 1822, 84 have been received into full communion, and 811 baptized. Dur- ing the same period, 31 members of the chprch have been dismissed, or removed from this to other towns, and a few more than that number have died, The present oumber of 230 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. communicants is between 50 and 60. There has been a social library in this town for many years. The proprietors of the one, now existing were incorporated in 1812. The library contains at present about 220 volumes, and is annually in- creasing. The annual average number of deaths, in this town, for 37 years past, is between 11 and 12, or not far from one to an hundred. In the year 1803, during Feb.,March and a part of April, a very unusual sickness and mortality prevailed in this town. In the course of less than 3 months, 230 persons were visited with sickness, of various kinds ; while other towns in general, around, enjoyed usual health. The deaths were 35 ; a number remark- ably large for so short a time, in proportion to the number of inhab- itants ; though not very great con- sidering the number visited with sickness. Accoiding to received, and pretty authentic accounts, about 40 persons, chiefly strangers, have at different -times, lost their lives, and been taken up, on, or near the coast, within the limits of the town ; to whom, though strangers, a decent iBurial was given, attended with those solemnities, which are usual on funeral occasions. The oldest person who has died here, within present recollection, was a female, by the name of Tucker, being 99 years and 9 months old. Several other persons have exceeded 90 years. Pop. 1127. SAco,a river,one of the largest in ^ew-England, has its source near the Notch of the White Mountains within a few feet of the sources of the Lower Amonoosuck. It thence ilows in a S. course down the moun- tains about 12 miles ; then taking an easterly direction, it enters the town of Bartlett, where it receives Ellis' river, which rises in the east- erly pass of the mountain near the source of Peabody river. Within the distance of half a mile from these fountains, two large streams flow down the highest of the moun- tains, one of them into Ellis' river. The former of these is Cutlers riv- er and the latter is New river. The latter made its appearance in Octo- ber, 1775, during a long rain. In its course,it broke down many rocks and trees and presented a wide spectacle of ruin. At its junction with Ellis' river, there is a noble cascade of 100 feet in height. Sev- eral other branches of Saco river flow from other parts of the moun- tains. From Bartlett the course of the Saco is S., about 10 miles to the lower part of Conway, where it receives Swift river from Burton, thence in an easterly course, it pass- es into Fryeburg and Brownfield in Maine, and from thence tn the sea, it has a S. E. course of about 45 miles. This river rises and over- flows very suddenly in rainy sea- sons, and subsides very rapidly af- ter the cessation of the rains. In the great flood of 1775, when the New river broke out, the banks of the Saco were overflowed very sud- denly, and the waters were of a deep brown color for several days., probably from passing ovej; iron ore. On the subsiding of the wa- ters, it was observed, that the bed of the river in some places was widened, and the course of several of its branches changed. In great freshes it has risen 25 feet, but its common rise is about 10 feet. Saddleback, between Deer- field and Northwood.is a part of the chain called Blue Hills. Salem, post-township, Rocking- ham county, in lat. 42° 47', 30 miles from Concord, 40 from Ptiiisinouih, NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 231 34 from Boston, is bounded N. by Londonderry, N. E. by Atkinson, E. by Methuen, Ms. S. byPelham, W. by Windham; containing 15,600 acres. Policy pond, partly in this Jown, and partly in Windham, is \he largest collection of water ; World' s-End pond and Captain pond are in the S. E. andE. parts of the town ; and there are other small ponds. The Spiggot river, passing from N. to S. through the town, re- ceives in its course numerous Jwranches, and waters the different portions of the town, furnishing also excellent mill privileges. The soil is generally fertile, and the surface uneven. The Londonderry turn- pike passes over this town, from N. W. to S. E. Tiiere is a mineral spring in this town, the waters of which have been used. There is one woollen factory, besides mills and other machinery. Salem was incorporated by charter May 11, 1750. Rev. Abner Bayley, who was born at Newbury, Ms. Jan. 19, 1716, graduated at Harvard college in 1736; was ordained here over a congregational church,Jan. 30,1740 died March 10, 1798. Rev. John Smith was settled colleague inl797-, dismissed in 1816. Rev. IVilliam Balch was ordained in 1319, and his church consists of about 40 mem bers. There is also a respectable society of methodists, who hare occasional preaching, and a small society of baptists. Hon. SiiiAS Betton, who graduated at Dart- mouth college in 1787, was elected a representative prior to 1800, was 3 yeais senator from district No. 3, and in 1802 was elected member of congress. He subsequently filled the office of sheriff of the county of Rockinghaui. and died in 1822, aged — . Pop. 1311. Salisbury, a post-town, in Hills- borough county, in lat. 43° 23', is pleasantly situated on the W. banks jf Pemigewasset and Merrimack rivers, 15 miles N. of Concord and 78 from Boston. It is bounded N. by Aiidover, E. by the rivers just mentioned, separating it from San- bornton and Nortnfield, S. by Bos- cawen, and W. by Warner, being 9 miles from E. to W. and 4 miles from N. to S., and containing 28,600 acres. The Pemigewasset waters the E. part, and unites with the Winnepisiogee, forming the Merrimack. Boat navigation ter- aiinates a short distance above the junction of these rivers. When a few obstructions are removed, and one or two locks erected on the Merrimack above Concord, com- munication by water, through the Middlesex canal, will be rendered safe and easy from Boston to the E. village in this town. Black- water river passes through the W. part of Salisbury. (See Black- water river.) There are 5 bridges across this stream in this town. The 4th N. H. turnpike passes from N. W. to S. E. and is incorpora- ted for the term of 40 years. The forest trees on the rivers are pitch, Norway, and white pine, white, black and yellow oak. The most valuable trees have been cut for building and for ship timber. The hilly lands were originally covered with a heavy growth of sugar ma- ple, white maple, beech, birch, elm, ash and red oak — the valleys were interspersed with evergreens. The soil of the upland is strong, deep and loamy ; producing Indian corn oats, peas, beans, flax, rye, &c. The hilly land affords some fine tracts for tillage, but chiefly abounds in excellent pasturage. The valleys produce grass. On Blackwater riv- er, there is some very fertile inter- val, which united with the adjacent hilly land, composes, several very 232 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. ▼aluable farms. A short turn in the Merrimack to the E. forms a fine tract of fertile interval, of about 300 acres, which appears t at the great falls on Pemigewasset river. Here are an elegant meeting-house.a num- ber of handsome dwelling houses, 2 stores, 1 tavern, 1 post office, &c. Boats laden with 20 tons have al- ready passed up to this place. A to.l biidge across the Pemigewasset leads from this village to Sanborn- lon and Northfield. About 3 miles below this village, on the alluvion before mentioned, is a pleasant set- dement of fanners, containing 10 or 12 dwelling houses, several me- chanic shops, and one law office. There is a flourishing academy in the S. Road village, incorporated Dec. 10, 1808. The late Benjamin Gale, Esq., a worthy and respecta- ble citizen of Salisbury, made a donation of $1000 to this institu- tion. The Literary Adelphi soci- ety, consisting of the students of the academy, has a library of 100 volumes. This town has had a con- ^;iderable number of its natives lib- erally educated, some of whom take their rank among the first ad- vocates not only in this state, but n the U. S. Tlieir names are as bllows, viz. at Dartmouth college, —1794, Moses Eastman, A. M. — 1799, Rev. Moses Sawyer, A. M. — 1801,Hon. Daniel Webster,LL,D.— NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 231 1804, EbenezerO. Fifield, A. B. ;j Thomas H. Pettengill, A. M. ; Eze- ' kiel Webster, A. M— 1805, Na- thaniel Sawyer, A. B.— 1806, John True, A. B.— 1808, Ichabod Bart- 1 lett, A.M.; 1811, Rev. Valentine! Little, A. B.— 1812, James Bart-! lett, A. M.— 1813, Joseph Ward- well, A. B.— 1816, Charles B. Hadduck, A. M.— 1817, Rev. Ben- jamin Huntoon, A, M.--1819, Wil- liam T. Hadduck, A. M.— 1821. Joseph B. Eastman, A. B. At Middlebury college, 1812, Benja- min Pettengill, A. M. There is a library of 324 volumes. There is also a musical society. Salisbury was originally granted by Massa- chusetts, and was known by the name of Bakers-town. It was af- terwards granted by the Masonian proprietors, Oct. 25, 1749, and then called Stevens-town, from Col. Eb- enezer Stevens, of Kingston. The number of grantees was 67, of whom 54 belonged to Kingston. It was incorporated by charter from the government of N. H., March 1, 1768, when it took the name of Salisbury. It was settled as early as 1750. The first settlers were Philip Call, Nathaniel Meloon, Benjamin Pettengill, John and Eb- enezer Webster, Andrev/ Bohon- non, Edward Eastman, and many others, mostly from Kingston. The first inhabitants experienced the in- roads of the Indians. On the 16th of May, 1753, Nathaniel Meloon, living in the W. part of the town, was captvired, together with his wife, and three children, viz. Sarah, Rachel, and Daniel. They were carried to Canada, where he and his wife were sold to the French in Montreal. The three children were kept by the Indians. After the parents had resided in Mon- treal about a year and a half, they had a son born, who was baptized W by a French friar by the name of Joseph Mary. Mr. Meloon return- ed from captivity after four years and a half, to his farm in Salisbu- ry. Sarah died with the Indians. Rachel, who was 9 years old when captured, returned after 9 years. She had become much attached to the Indians, was about to be marri- ed to Peter Louis, son of Col. Lou- is, of Cognawaga. She had the habits, and acted like an Indian, understood the Indian language and could sing their songs. In Au- gust, 1753, the wife of Philip Call was killed ; and on the same day, Samuel Scribner and Robert Bar- ber, of this town, and Enos Bishop, of Boscawen, were captured by the Indians. Scribner was sold to the French at Chamblee, and Barber to a Frenchman near St. Francois. It was in Salisbury, that Sabatis and Plausawa, mentioned under Can- terbury, were buried underabiidge now called Indian bridge. The congregational church was formed Nov. 17, 1773, consistmg of 10 male members. Rev. Jonathan Searle, who graduated at Harvard college, was ordained Nov. 17, 1773 ; dismissed Nov. 8, 1791 ; died in 1818, aged 74. Rev. Thom- as Worcester was ordained No- vember 9, 1791 ; dismissed in April, 1823. Under his ministry, 270 were added to the church. The baptist society was established May 25,1789. A church was consti- tuted May 10, 1810, consisting of 9 members. Rev. Otis Robinson commenced preaching in 1809, and has continued the minister of tne society ever since. Hon. Ebene- ZER Webster was one of the early settlers ; a patriot of the rev= olution ; an officer of the militia ; for several years a senator in the legislature, and a judge of the court of common pleas till his death in 1806. Dr. Joseph Bartlstt was the 334 NEWHAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. first justice of the peace and the first physician in town. Capt. Matthew Pettengill was a useful and respected citizen. Pop. 2000. Salmon Fall., a river.— 5'ee Pascataqua. In this river, between Rochester and Lebanon, Me. is < fall, which, from its singularity, de serves notice. The river is confin ed between two rocks, about 25 feet high, the breadth at the top of the bank not more than 3 rods. It is cal- led the^wme, and is about 4 rods in length, its breadth varying from 2 1-2 feet to less than 1 foot ; but here the water has a subterraneous pas- sage. In the rocks are many cavi- ties from 1 to 7 feet in diameter, mostly cylindrical, and from 1 to 4 feet in depth. Sanbornton, post-township, co. of Strafford, in lat. 43° 31', is situat- ed on the peninsula formed by Great and Little bays and Winnepisiogee river on the E. and S., and the Pemigewasset on the W. These two rivers unite at the S. W. cor- ner of the town, and form the Mer- rimack. Sanbornton has New- Hampton and Meredith on the N., Gilmanton E. and S. E., North- field S., a part of Salisbury, Ando- ver, and part of New-Chester on the W. ; and is 20 miles from Concord, 60 from Portsmouth, 9 from Gilford. The bays and rivers encircling this town measure nearly 30 miles, and the bay between Sanbbrnton and Meredith is three miles in width. There arc no rivers or ponds of mag- nitude in this town, though it is al- most surrounded by water. Salmon brook pond, in the N. part, and a brook of the same name its outlet, are the only ones worth mentioning. This brook passes through the N. W. part of the town, and affords several mill-sites. There are also e35:cellent rail! privileges on the WJn-nepisiogee river. Over this river arc 8 bridges. Sanbornton presents an uneven surface, but contains no considerable mountains with the exception of Salmon brook mountains in the N. part of the town. The highest hills, with one or two exceptions, admit of cultiva- tion. The soil is almost universally good, and well rewards the labor of patient industry. There is a gulf in this town extending nearly a mile through very hard rocky ground, 38 feet in depth, the walls from 80 to 100 feet asunder, and the sides so nearly corresponding as to favor an opinion that they were once united. There is also a cavern in the de- clivity of a hill, which may be en- tered in a horizontal direction to the distance of 20 feet. This town was once the residence of a power- ful tribe of Indians, or at least a place where they resorted for de- fence. On the Winnepisiogee, at the head of Little Bay, are found the remains of an ancient fortifica- tion. It consisted of six walls, one extending along the river, and a- cross a point of land into the bay, and the others in right angles,con- nected by a circular wall in the rear. Traces of these walls are yet to be seen, though most of the stones, &c. of which they were com- posed have been removed to the dam thrown across the river at this place. Within the fort have beea found numbers of Indian relics, im- plements, &;c., and also on an island in the bay. When the first settlers of Sanbornton arrived, these walls were breast high, and large oaks were growing within their enclo- sure. This town was granted by the Masonian proprietors in 1748, to several persons of the name of Sanborn, and others ; and was set- tled in 1765 and 1766, by John San- born, David Duston, Andrew Row- en and others. It was incorporated KEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 235 March 1, 1770. Rev. Joseph Wood man was ordained in Nov. 1771 when there were about 50 families sn town. His church then consist- ed of 7 members. He was dismissed in 1806, and died in 1807. Rev Abraham Bodwell, was ordained Nov. 13, 1806, when the church consisted of 50 members •, there are now about 150. Rev. John Crockett was settled here over the first bap- tist church in 1793, now consisting of about 230 members. Another baptist church has recently been established. In order to perpetuate 'preaching in the society to which they belonged, a few liberal individ- uals some time since formed them- selves into an association, to which they gave the name of the " Con- gregational Fund Association." Each member gave his security to the amount of his rateable estate for that year ; and the interest is appropriated ajanually to the in- crease of the funds, which now amount to about $1400. Here are two social libraries, each contain- jng between 200 and 300 volumes. The academy, incorporated in 1820, is at present in a flourishing state. From 1790, to 1822, the deaths in this town were 977, or about 31 yearly. Mrs. Copp and Mrs. Smart *ire living in Sanbornton, at the age of 100 each. Pop. 3329. Sandown, township, Rocking- ham county, in lat. 42° 57', is boun- ded N. by Chester and Poplin, E. byHawke, S. by Harnpstead, W. by Chester and Londonderry. It Is 31 miles from Concord, and con- tains 8,532 acres— 200 of which are water. The surface of this town is rather uneven, but the soil in general is well adapted to the production of various kinds of grain and grass. Phillip's pond, lying in the S. part of the town, is the lar- gest, being about 340 rods long, 200 wide. Angle pond, in the S. E. part of this town, is about 200 rods long, and 90 or 100 wide. There are several other smaller ponds. Squamscot river flows from Phillip's pond, and pursues a nearly level course for 1 1-2 miles, where another stream unites with it : from this junction, whenever the waters are raised by sudden freshes, the current passes back with consider- able force towards the pond. The settlement of Sandown was com- menced about the year 1736, by Moses Tucker, Israel and James Huse, and others. A congregation* al church was formed here in 1759, which consisted of 57 members. Rev. Josiah Cotton was ordained the same year, and died in 1780. He was succeeded by Rev. Samu- el Collins, who was settled that year; but was removed in 1788. In 1795, a brother of the late Pres- ident Webber, Rev. John Webber, was settled, who was removed in 1800. Since that period the church has been vacant. A methodist church v.'as formed in 1807, con- sisting of about 30 members — and ministers of that denomination preach here statedly, and of other*? occasionally. They have but one place of public worship. The post roads from Boston to Concord, and from Exeter to Chester pass througii Sandown. The town was origin ally a part of Kingston, and was incorporated April 6, 1756. It con- tains 527 inhabitants — the number having decreased since 1790. Sandwich, post-town, Strafford county, in lat. 43° 50', is bounded N. by ungranted lands, E. by Bur- ton and Tamworth, S. by Moulton- borough, W. by Holderness, Camp- ton, and Thornton. It is 70 miles from Portsmouth, and about 50 from Concord. This town was originally granted by Gov. Beaniog 3^ NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. Wentwortki, Oct. 25, 1763, and comprised 6 miles square. On the 5th Sept. 1764, upon the represen- tation of the grantees that the N. and W. sides thereof were " so loaded with inaccessible mountains and shelves of rocks as to be un- inhabitable" — an additional grant '.vas made of territory on the E. and S., called Sandwich Addition. The Sandwich mountains are a !ofty range extending N. E. and terminating in Chocorua Peak in Burton. Squam mountain, extend- ing from Holderness through a cor- ner of Campton into Sandwich, is of considerable height. There are other considerable mountains. The Bearcamp river, its branches rising in the mountains N. and W., pas- ses E. into Tamworth. The W. branch passes through Bearcamp pond. There is another pond not far distant from this, from which is- sues Red Hill river, passing S. into the Winnepisiogee lake. A small stream passes W. into the Pemige- wasset river. About one fourth of Squam lake lies in the S. W. cor- ner of Sandwich ; and taken in connection with the surrounding mountains, affords many fine views, Here is an oil mill, several saw and grain mills, besides other machine- xy. A congregational church was established here some years since ; but no minister was ever settled There are respectalile societies of methodists, freewill baptists and friends ; and people of other de- nominations. Hon. Daniel Bee DE, for a number of years, repre- sentative to the general court, a justice of the quorum and a judge of the court of common pleas, re- sided in this town, and was a useful and respected character. Pop. 2368. Sawyer's Location. See J^ash fxn4 Sawyer's Lfication. ScBTOOGAWNOCK, the Indian name of Israel's river. SeABROok, a township, in Rock- ingham county, lat. 42° 53', is situ- ated at the S. E. corner of the state, 17 miles S. S. W. of Portsmouth, and 7 N. of Newburyport, bounded N. by Hampton-Falls, E. by the Atlantic, S. by Massachusetts, W. by South-Hampton and Kensing- ton. It was formerly a part of Hampton-Falls, and was granted June 3, 1768 to Jonathan Weare, Richard Smith,JohB Moulton,Eben- ezer Knowlton, Winthrop Gove, Henry Robie, Elis\ja Brawn, Benja- min Leavitt.Isaac Brown and others: Settlements commenced here in 1638, by Christopher Hussey, Jo- seph Dow, and Thomas Philbrick, The place on which the latter set- tled, has continued in the immedi- ate possession of his descendants unto the 6th generation, who still possess the same. The rivers are Black river. Brown's river and Walton's river. Many of the rivu- lets abound with bog ore of iron. The public buildings are a town house and 3 houses of public wor- ship, one for presbyterians, one for methodists, and one for friends. This town derives its name from the number of rivers and riv- ulets meandering through it. A society of friends was formed here in 1701. A presbyterian society was formed in 1764 ; and Rev. Samuel Perley ordained in 1765 ; removed in 1775. Rev. EliasHull, settled in 1799,died February, 1822, aged 44. A methodist society was formed in 1820. Tliere is a social library, consisting of 200 vol- umes. There has been some re- markable instances of longevny. Mrs, Comfort Collins lived to the age of 105; Phebe Dow to 101 ; and several others to 90 and upwards. The average number -of deaths a»^ NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 2S7' nually, is about 14. In 1737, the angina maligna prevailed and des- troyed many of its inhabitants. Whale-boat building is the most important manufacture, and is car- ried on to a greater extent than in any other town in N.England. The larger part of the male inhabitants are mechanics and seamen, the lat- ter of which are about 120. Perhaps no town in the state is better situated for carrying on the Bay and Labra- dor fisheries than this. Pop. 885. Sharon, a small township in the W. part of Hillsborough coun- ty, is bounded N. by Peterborough, E. by Temple, S. by New-Ipswich and Rindge, and W. by Jafifrey, containing about 10,000 acres. It is 18 miles from Amherst, and 48 from Concord. The streams in Sharon are small branches of Con- toocook river, and rise near the S. E. corner of the town. They are sufficient to supply a grist mill with water only a part of the year. Boundary mountain lies on the line between this town and Temple, and has an elevation of 200 feet above the surrounding country. The roads here are of little notoriety and travel, except the 3d N. H. turnpike, which passes through the S. W. extremity of she town. Sharon was incorpora- ted June 24, 1791. It has no reg- ularly organized religious society ; has no meeting-house, nor has ever had a settled minister. Pop. 400. Shelburne, township, Coos county, in lat. 44° 21', is bounded N. by Success and Maynesborough, E. by Maine, S. by unlocated lands, and W. by Durand, comprising an area of 45,140 acres. Ameriscog- gin river passes through the centre of this town, into which fall the waters of Rattle river and some smaller streams. The soil on each bank of the river is very good, pro- W2 ducing in abundance grain and grass ; but as we rise from the riv- er, the tracts are mountainous and unfit for cultivation. Mount Mo- riah, an elevated peak of the White Mountains, lies in the S. part of Shelburne. Moses' Rock, so called from the first man known to have ascended it (Moses Ingalls) is on the S. side of the river near the centre of the town. It is about 60 feet high and 90 long, very smooth, and rising in an angle of nearly 50°. In 1 775,David and Ben- jamin Ingalls commenced a settle- ment at Shelburne, and not long af- ter, several families were added. In August, 1781, a party of Indians visited this town, killed one man, made another j visoner, plundered the houses, and returned to Canada in savage triumph. This town was incorporated Dec. 13, 1820, There are three small societies, one of congregationalists, one of baptists and one of methodists; but no regular preacher. Pop. 205. Shoals. See Isles of Shoals. Sims' stream rises in the moun- tains in Columbia from several ponds and springs, and falls into the Connecticut river near the N. W. extremity of the town. Smith's river, in Grafton cona- ty, rises from several ponds in Graf- ton and Orange, and after pursuing a winding, but generally an E. course, of from 12 to 18 miles, through Danbury and Alexandria, falls into the Pemigewasset be- tween Bristol and New-Chester. Society-Land, a small town.- ship in Hillsborough co., is bound- ed N. by Deering, E. by Frances- town, S. by Greenfield, and W. by Hancock and Antrim, from which it is separated by Contoocook riv- er. It contains 3,300 acres. It is 17 miles from Amherst and 33 from Concord. The land is generalh' 238 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. uneven. There is a small moun- tain on its S. line, called Crotched mountain. There are no mills or mill seats. There are three school districts and one school house. There is a small baptist society ; also a meeting-house, built by Capt. Gideon Dodge, which, with a tract of land, was presented by him to the society. Society-Land former- ly included Hancock, Antrim, Hills- borough, Deering, Francestown and part of Greenfield. Tiie number of deaths for the last 20 years has been 41. Pop. 153. SOMERSWORTH, in the S. E. part of the county of Strafford, in iat. 43° 14', was formerly a part of Dover. It w as made a parish, Dec. 19,1729 ; and incorporated April 22, 1754. It is bounded N. W. by Rochester, N. E. by Salmon-fall river, which divides it from Ber- wick, Me., and S. W. bj-^ Dover. It is 11 miles from Portsmouth, and 45 from Concord. Otis' hill, the highest in this town, is situated about a mile N. from Varney's hill in Dover. The White Mountains may be seen from the summit of this hill ; also the steeples of the meeting-houses in Portsmouth, and the masts of the shipping in the harbor. The soil in this town is well adapted to Indian com, and almost all kinds of grain, grass, &c. The growth of the wood land is oak, pine, walnut, elm, &c. The tide iiows on the E. side of this town four miles to Quamphegan falls. The river is of sufficient depth, till within a mile of said falls, for ves- sels of 250 tons. The S. part of this town is bounded on Coche- co river, from its confluence with the Pascataqua to the mouth of Fresh-creek, nearly a mile ; and ijrom thence by said creek to its head, nearly a mile and a half. There are but two ponds of note iq this town, viz. Humphrey's pond on the line of Dover, 200 rods long and 120 rods wide ; and Cole's pond, 150 rods long and 75 wide. There are several mineral springs in this town ; but at present their waters are not much used. Red and yellow ochre, also iron ore, have been found in this town. The ochre has been used in painting houses, and has been found to make a durable paint. The post road from Boston to Portland, and the Dover turnpike pass through thrs town and over Quamphegan bridge. There are three bridges over Sal- mon-fall river between this town and Berwick ; viz. at Quamphe- gan-falls, at Salmon-falls, and at the Great-falls, The first meeting-house in this town was erected in 1729 ; and taken down in 1773. The se- cond meeting-house was erected in 1772; and consumed by lightning in a violent thunder storm. May 4, 1779. It happened about the mid- dle of the day. Its severity was caused by the junction of two clouds directly over this town ; one of which rose in the N. W. and the other in the S. W. The clouds ran low ; and during the space of half an hour it rained and lightened in- cessantly, accompanied with tre- mendous peals of thunder. The steeple of the meeting-house was struck with the lightning which passed down by one of the posts of the belfry adjoining the house ; and in about an h<>ur it was in ashes. The bell was melted and fell in a state of fusion. The third meeting-house was erected in 1780, and is yet standing. Large and valuable factories have been erec- ted at Salmon-falls. The buildings are of brick, one 84 by 44 feet, 4 stories in front and 6 in rear, for carding and spinning : another, 60 by 31 feet, 3 stories by 4) for weav-' NEW -HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 239 ing, dressing and fulling, capable of making 200 yards of superfine broad-cloth a day ; a third, 60 by 30 feet, 2 stories, for dying, &c. There are grist and sawmills, an oil mill, &c. belonging to this establish ment, which promises to become V€ry extensive and profitable. There is also a nail factory in this town. This town was settled between 1650 and 1700, by William Wentworth, John Hall, Wni. Stiles and others George Richer and Meturin Ricker were surprised and killed by a party of Indians lying in ambush about half a mile N. E. from Var- ney's hill, Oct. 7, 1675. They had their arms with them, which to- gether with their upper garments were carried away by the Indians. Ebenezer Downs, who was a qua- ker, was taken by the Indians at Indigo hill in 1724, and carried to Canada. He was grossly insulted and abused by them, because he re- fused to dance as the other prison ers did for the diversion of thei. savage captors. He was redeemed in 1725, by John Hanson of Dover, Jabez Garland was killed by the Indians on his return from public worship in the summer of 1710 about three quarters of a mile N E. from Varney's hill. Gershom Dow^ns was killed by the Indian in 1711, in the marsh between Var- ney's hill and Otis' hill. Rev. James Pike, the first minister of Somers- wovth, was born at Newbury, Ms. March 1, 1703; grauuated at Har vard college in 1725 ; was ordain- ed Oct. 28, 1730 ; and died March 19,1792. Rev. Pearson Tl.urstcr. was born at Lancaster, Ms. in Dec. 1763; graduated at Dartmoutli col- lege in 1787; was ordained Feb. 1, 1792; removed Dec. 2. 1812; ano died at Leominster, Ms. Aug. 15, 1819. The house in which Mr. Thurston lived was consumed by fire, Jan. 22, 1812, together with the church records, communion vessels, and a sncial library. The church is now vacant. Nicholas Pike, son of Rev. James Pike and author of a popular system of arithmetic, was born in this town, October 6, 1743. He was graduated at Har- vard college, 1766; taught a gram- mar school, first at York, and af- terwards at Newburyport; where he died Dec. 9,1819. John Wekt- M^ORTH. son of the Hon. John Wentworth, was born in this town, July 14, 1745; and was graduated at Harvaid college, 1768. He en- tered on the study of the law, and settled at Dover. When applica- tion was made to him to put an ac- tion in suit, it was his practice to see the parties or to write to them, stating the consequences of a legal process, and advising them to settle their differences between themselves. By this mode of pro- cedure he was instrumental in pre- venting many vexatious lawsuits; and was entitled to the appellation of peace-maker. He was a mem- ber of the continental congress in the revolution, and died January 10, 1787. Col. Paul Went- worth, by his will, bequeathed £500 to the parish in this town ; the interest of which was to be ex- pended for pious and charitable uses. He also gave a silver tan- kard and cup for the use of the church. He died June 24, 1748. Dr. MoSES Carr was born at Newbury, Ms. Nov. 1715. He came to this town in 1735 ; where be practised in his profession more than 60 years with reputation, and died March 30, 1800. Hon. Thom- as Wallingford was born at Bradford, Mass. in 1697. He came to this town in the early part of his life; and by a diligpnt application to business, from a small beginning became one of the richest men in the province. He was one of the 240 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. judges of the superior court, and died Aug. 4, 1771. Hon. Johk Wentworth was born in this town March 30, 1719. He t.as one of the judges of the superior court, and died May 18, 1781. Hon. IcHABOD Rollins, was born in this town, 1721. He was a judge of probate for the county of Strafiford, and died Jan. 31, 1800. The number of deaths in this town since the beginning of the present century wil) average 12 annually ; or 1 in 70 of its inhabitants. Dur- ing the last 20 years, 28 have died between 70 and 80, 17 between 80 and 90, and 7 between 90 and 100 years of age. Samuel Downs died April 22, 1820, aged 99. Mrs. Ly- dia Stiles is now living(1823)atlhe age of 101 years. She was born Feb. 27, 1722, is a member of the church, and travelled on foot two miles to public worship till she was 90 years of age. Pop. 841. SovcooK river has 'ts source in three ponds in the S. part of Gil- manton, lyirg near each other, called Loon, Rocky and Shellcamp ponds. It passes through Loudon, receiving several branches, and forms the boundary between Con- cord and Pembroke, falling into the Merrimack below Garven's falls. SouHEGAN, originally Souhege- nack, the name of a river in Hills- borough county, and the former name of Amherst and Merrimack. The principal branch of this river originates from a pond in Ashburn- ham, Ms. It passes N. through Ash- by, at the N. W. angle of the coun- ty of Middlesex, into New-Ipswich, and through Mason, Milford, Am- kcrst, into Merrimack, where it unites with Merrimack river. In its course it receives several streams from Temple, Lyndeborough and Mont-Vemon, and just before it falls into the Merrimack, receives Babboosuck brook, a considerable stream issuing from Babboosuck pond. See Amherst. South-Hampton, township, Rockingham county, in lat. 42° 53', is bounded N. by East-Kingston and Kensington, E. by Seabrook, S. by Amesbury, Ms., W. by New- town ; and is 50 miles from Con- cord, 18 from Portsmouth, and 45 from Boston. The surface is gen- erally even, and the soil of a good quality. Powow river passes through this town, affording valua- ble mill seats. South-Hampton was incorporated by charter, May 25, 1742. Rev. William Parsons, who graduated at Harvard college in 1735, was ordained here over a congregational church in 1743 ; and dismissed Oct. 6, 1762. Rev. Na- thaniel Noyes, was settled Feb. 23, 1763; and dismissed Dec. 8, 1800. Since that time, there has been no stated worship. There are people of other denominations here, who have occasional preaching. Hon. Phillips White, v/ho was a member of the old congress, justice of the peace throughout the state, a counsellor in 1792 and 1793, and formally years judge of probate.di- ed June 24,1811,aged 82. Pop.416. Spiggot river rises in Hamp- stead, and passes through Salem, and into the Merrimack between Methuen and Diticut, Ms. nearly opposite Shawsheen river, which comes from the S. through Andover. SpAFFORd's lake. SeeChester/ield. Springfield, a post-township, in Cheshire county, in lat. 43° 30', is bounded N. by Grafton, E. by Wilmot, S. E. by New-London, S. by Wendell and Croydon, W. by Croydon and Grantham, containing 28,330 acres, 2300 of which are water. It is 35 miles from Concord and 90 from Boston. A branch of Sugar river has its source in this town ; and also a branch of the Blackivater river. Tbe former e»p NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 241 ties into the Connecticut, the latter into the Merrimack. There are several ponds, viz. Station pond, about 250 rods long, 140 vi^ide ; Cil- ley pond, 240 rods long, and about 80 wide ; Star, Stony, and Morgan's ponds. The land is rough and stony, but the soil is capable of producing the various agricultural products found in the contiguous towns. In 1820, there were pro- duced 17,500 lbs. of butter, 25,000 lbs. of cheese, 45,000 lbs. of beef, 60,000 lbs. of pork, 5,500 lbs. of flax, and 200 barrels of cider. There 's, in the E. part of the town, a quarry of stone, from which can be raised stones from 20 to 30 feet in length and from 8 to 12 inches in thickness. There is a library,which was incor- porated Dec. 15, 1803. This town was granted Jan. 3, 1769, by the name of Protedivorth, to John Fish- er, Daniel Warner, Esquires, and 58 others Its first settlement com- menced in 1772, by Israel Clifford, Israel Clifford, Jr. Nathaniel Clark, Samuel Stevens and others. It was incorporated by the name of Spring- field, Jan. 24, 1794. The spotted fever prevailed here a few years since, of which several children died. The average number of eieaths per annum.for 20 years past has been 6. There is a congrega clonal church, but it is destitute of a minister. Pop. about 1000. SauAMScOT, or Swamscoi, called also Great or Exeter river. See Exeter. SauAM lake, lying on the bor- ders of Holderness, Sandwich. Moultonborough and Centre-Har- bor, is " a splendid sheet of water, indented by points, arched with coves, and studded with a succes sion of romantic islands." It ii about 6 miles in length, and where widest', not less than 3 miles in breadth. The surface has been es- timated at from 6000 to 7000 acres The largest island is about 1 mile long, and 1-3 of a mile wide. A communication by water between this lake and Winnepisiogee might be easily effected, the distance be- ing less than 2 miles. SauAM river, the outlet of Squara lake through Squam pond in Hol- derness, forms a junction with the Pemigewasset near the S. W. an- gle of that town. SauAMANAGONicK, the name of a village at the falls on Coche- co river in Rochester— so called from the Indian name of the falls. State-House. Seep. 41. State Prison. Seep. 43. Stewartstown, township, Co- os county, in lat. 44° 56', lies on the E side of the Connecticut, which washes its W. boundary a distance of 7 miles: it is bounded S. by Colebrook, N. by the first Col- lege grant, E. by Dixville ; distant 150 miles from Portland, 170 from Portsmouth, 150 from Concord — containing about 27,000 acres. The Connecticut river is about 15 rods in width at this place. Bishop's brook, a considerable stream, rises in this town, and falls into the Con- necticut at the N.W. corner. Dead water and Mohawk rivers have their sources here. Hall's stream, also, unites with the Connecticut in Stcwartstown. There are 2 ponds in the E. part of this town, called Lit- tle and Great Diamond ponds, the waters of which form the Diamond river, passing S. E. into Margalla- way river, a branch of tlie Ameris- coggin. The larger of these ponds is one mile long, 3-4 mile wide ; the smaller, 3-4 mile wide, 100 rods long — both well stocked with sal- mon trout. There is another pond in the W. part of this town, called Back pond,covering about 60 acres. There are no large mountains in Stcwartstown, although there are ut NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. many elevations. The soil of the interval is rich, and the uplands are not unproductive. The growth of wood is a mixture of sugar ma- ple, birch, beech, ash, spruce, fir, &c. Stewartstown was original- ly granted by Gov. John Went- worth to four individuals, viz. Sir George Cockburn, Sir George Cole- brook, John Stewart and John Nel- son, Esqrs. — three of whom resid- ed in England. Before the revolu- lion, they surveyed the lands, and gave a few lots to settlers, who made some small improvements. But after the commencement of hos- tilities, they abandoned their set- tlements until peace was restored. Improvements were then made un- der grants from Col. David Webster, sheriff of Grafton. Stewartstown was incorporated in Dec. 1799. During the late war a block-house or fort was erected in this town for defence by a company of militia, and occupied until Aug. 1814, v/hen it was destroyed. On the site of this fort, the American and British surveyors and astronomers, met to ascertain the 45° of north lati- tude between the two governments, under the treaty of Ghent. Pop. 363. Stoddard, post-township in the E. part of Cheshire county, in lat. 43° 4', is bounded N. by Wash- ington, E. by Windsor and Antrim, S. by Nelson and Sullivan, and W. by Gilsum and Marlow, containing 35,925 acres, of which 1100 are water. It is 14 miles from Keene, 30 from Cl^arlestown and 42 from Concord. This town is situated on the height of land between Merri- mack and Connecticut rivers. It is mountainous and very rocky. The soil is deep, with a clay bottom. As cold and moisture are its pre- dominant qualities, Indian corn does not thrive well, except in hot and dry seasons. Rye and wheat succeed well on lands newly clear- ed ; and ploughed lands produce good crops of barley, eats, flax, po- tatoes, &c. The soil however is better adapted to grazing than til- lage. The S. branch of Ashuelot river has its source near the centre of the town. The streams in the E. section, fall into the Merrimack ; those on the W. into the Connec- ticut. There are fourteen ponds, some of which are of considerable magnitude. The agricultural pro- ducts in 1820, were 32,000 lbs. of butter, 43,000 lbs. of cheese, 71,000 lbs. of beef, 85,000 lbs. of pork, 5,700 lbs. flax, and 600 bbls. of cider. This town was formerlj' called Limerick. It was incorpor- ated "Nov. 4, 1774, when it received the name of Stoddard from Col. Samson Stoddard of Chelmsford, to whom with several others it was granted. The settlement commenc- ed in June, 1769, by John Taggard, ReuTjen Walton, Alexander Scottv James Milchel, Richard Richard- son, Amos Butterfield, Joseph Dodge and Oliver Parker. The first fam- ily was that of John Taggard, whose privations and hardships were very great. Their grain was procured at Peterborough, at the distance of 20 miles, which was conveyed by Mr, T. on his back through the pathless wilderness. At one time, they had nothing, for six days, on which to subsist, but the flesh of the moose. A congregational church of seven members was formed Sept. 4,1787. Rev. Abisha Colton, was ordained Oct. 16, 1793, and was dismissed Sept. 9, 1795 ; died in Vermont.Jan. 12, 1823. Rev. Isaac Robinson was ordained Jan. 5, 1803. Pop. 1203. Strafford, a post-township, in Strafford county, in lat. 43° 16', is boanded N. E. by Farmiogton, S. NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 243 E. by Barrington, S. W, by North- wood, W. by Pitistield, N. W. by Barnstead. It is 70 miles from Bos- ton, 15 from Dover, 25 from Con- cord, and is about 7 miles in length, 6 1-2 wide. Bow pond is in the S. W. part of the town, and is about 650 rods long, 400 wide ; its waters form one of the prmcipal branches of the Isinglass river. Trout pond lies W. of the Blue hills, and Wild goose pond between this town and Pittsfield. The range of Blue hills crosses the N. W. part of the town. The soil here is generally of a good quality. There are four free-will baptist churches in this town ; the 1st, over which Elder William Sanders was ordained in May, 1822, contains 100 members ; the 2d, of about 100 members, has no settled minister, but is under the pastoral care of Elder Place of Rochester. Elder Micajah Otis was ordained over this church, Oct. 16, 1799 ; died May 30, 1821, aged 74. The 3d church has 96, and the 4th, 37 members. Strafford was formerly a part of Barrington, and was dis- annexed and incorporated June 17, 1820. Pop. 2144. Stratford, post-town, in the county of Coos, on the E. bank of Connecticut river, in lat. 44° 41', is 16 miles above Lancaster ; bound- ed N. by Columbia, E. by ungrant- ed lands, S. by Piercy and North- umberland, W. by Vermont. The town is large, extending 10 miles on the river, with a fertile interval of 1-4 to 1 mile wide. This meadow is skirted in many places by a nar- row plain, succeeded by the moun- tainous regions, covering the whole E. and N. divisions of the town. The soil, except along the river, is rocky, gravelly and cold. The back lands are therefore not settled to any extent. The Peaks, two moun- tains of a conical form, situated in the S. E, part of the town, are seen at a great distance. They are apparently disconnected from the great range of Bowback mountains stretching over the N. and E. parts of the town. They are discovered immediately on entering Dalton, 30 miles below, and stand as landmarks in front or to the right, till, on near- er approach, they are lost behind the intervening hills. Bog brook and several smaller streams here fall in- to the Connecticut ; and Nash's stream crosses the S. E. part of the town into the Amonoosuck. There is a pond in the S. E. part of the town, the waters of which pass in- to the Amonoosuck. Stratford was incorporated Nov. 16, 1779. The first settlers were Isaac Johnston, James Curtis, James Brown, Josiah Lampkins and Archippus Blodget. There is a meeting-house here, and congregationalists and methodists ; but no settled minister. Pop. 335. Stratham, a township, in the county of Rockingham, in lat. 43° 1', 51 miles from Boston, 39 from Concord, 3 from Exeter, is situated on the E. side of the W. branch of the Pascataqua river; bounded N. E. by Greenland, E. by Greenland and North-Hampton, S. W. by Ex- eter, W. and N. W. by the river and bay, which separate it from Exeter and New-Market ; and has an area of 10,120 acres. Stratham is distant about 8 miles from the sea. The land is even, and well calculated for agricultural purposes. Farming is so exclusively the em- ployment of the people, that, al- though a navigable river adjeins it, there is little attention given to any other pursuit. In the E. part of the town, in a swamp, is perhaps the largest repository of peat in the state. This town was a part of the Squamscot patent, or Hilton's pur- chase. In 1697, there were 35 fam- 244 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. iliesin the place, who petitioned for an act of incorporation. It was made a distinct town by charter, March 20, 1716. Tne first town meeting was on the 10th of April, 1716 ; Deac. David Robinson was ciiosen town clerk, and held that office 47 years. A congregational church was formed here at an early date, and Rev. Henry Rust ordain- ed in 1718; he died in 1749, aged 63. Rev. Joseph Adams was or- dained in 1756, and died 1785,aged 66. Rev. James Miltemore, or- dained in 1786, was removed in 1807. The church is now vacant. There was formerly a baptist socie- ty here, under the ministration of Rev. S. Shepard. There is a free- will baptist society, lately un- der the care of Eld. N. Piper. — From the year 1798 to 1312, inclu- sive, the number of deaths in this town was 186. The greatest num- ber in any one year was 20, and the smallest number 5, averaging about 12 annually. Between the years 1742 and 1797, inclusive, the num- ber of deaths was 1080, averaging about 20 annually. Phinehas Merrill, Esq. was a native of this town; was eminent as a sur- Teyor, assisted in preparing the ele- gant Map of N. H. published by Carrigain ; was several years a representative in our state legisla- ture, and died Dec. 31, 1814, aged 47. Pop. 892. Success, an uninhabited town- ship, in Coos county, in lat. 44° 27', is bounded N. by Cambridge, E. by Maine, S. by Shelburne, W. by Shelburne, Maynesborough and Paulsburgh ; comprising an area of about 30,000 acres. Tiiere are sev- eral considerable mountains in this tract ; and two or three ponds.— Narmarcungawack and Livt^ rivers rise here, and pass westerly into tlie Ameriscoggin. Success was granted Feb. 12, 1773, to Benjamin Mackay and others; and is 143 miles from Concord. Sugar river. See Claremont. SuLLivAJV, a township in Chesh- ire county, in lat. 43°, is bounded N. by Gilsum and Stoddard, E. by Stoddard and Nelson, S. by Rox- bury and Keene, W. by Keene and Gilsum, containing 12,212 acres. The distance from Keene is 6 miles, from Concord 42 miles. The S. E. part of this town is watered by Ashuelot river. The soil produces rye, corn, oats, &c. There are uo considerable ponds ; no elevations worthy of particular notice. This town was incorporated Sept. 27, 1787, and received its name from President Stdlivan, the chief magis- trate of N. H. that year. There are two religious societies, congre- gational and baptist. Of the for- mer. Rev. TVilliam Muzzy, who graduated at Harvard college in 1793, was ordained in 1798. Over the latter Rev. Charles Cummings was ord. Oct. 24, 1810. Pop. 600. SuNAPEE lake, is situated in the N. W. part of Hillsborough county and the N. E. part of Cheshire, in the towns of Wendell, New-Lon- don and Fishersfield. The centre of it is in lat. 43^22'. It is 9 miles long and about 1 1-2 miles in width. Its outlet is on the W. side through Sugar river. In 1816, Lo- ammi Baldwin, Esq. and Professor John Farrar, were appointed a committee by the government ot Massachusetts, with whom was as- sociated Henry B. Chase, Esq. ap- pointed by the government of this state, to explore and survey a route for a navigable canal from the Con- necticut to the Merrimack. The contemplated line of communica- tion was from the mouth of Sugar river, which empties into the Con necticut, to the mouth of the Cor. NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 245 toocook river, which empties into the Merrimack. The survey com- prehended the shores of Sunapee lake, the elevation of the lake above the waters of the rivers, the highest of the falls in either of the rivers,and of the land adjoining,so that it might serve as the bat-is of a calculation of the expense of such water com- munication. By the report of this committee, it appears that the fall, each way from the lake to these rivers, exceeded 820 feet, which shews the impracticability of a project which, before the survey was made,was thought to be feasible SuNCOOK river rises in a pond between GiJmanton and Gilford near the summit of one of the Sun cook mountains, elevated 900 feet above iis base. The water from this pond passes through two others at the foot of the mountains, and thence through a flourishing village in the S. E. part of Gilmanton, in to Barnstead, where it receives sev era! tributaries ; thence through Pittsfield and Epsom, and between Allenstown an^ Pembroke, into the Merrimack. Surry, a snaall township in Cheshire county, in lat. 43° 1', is bounded N. by Alstead,E. by Gil sum, S. by Keene and W.by West moreland and Walpole, containing 12,212 acres. It is 54 miles froii Concord. It is watered by Ashue lot river, on which tl\ere is a valua- ble tract of meadow land, extend- ing almost the whole length of the own. On the E. side of Asjiuelot river is a steep and high mountain, on the summit of which is a pond of about 3 acres in extent, and about 25 feet depth of water. View- ing its elevated height and situa- tion above the river, it may be es- teemed as a natural curiosity. The Cheshire turnpike from Charles- own to Keene, passes through the central part of Surry, and the 3d N. H. turnpike from Walpole to New-Ipswich passes through the S. W. part. Surry was originally part of Gilsum and W^estmoreland. It was incorporated by charter, March 9, 1769, deriving its name from Surry in England. The first settlement was made in 1764, by Peter Hayward. He commenced clearing land and laboring on his farm in the summer preceding, ma- king his home at the fort in Keene. He practiced going to his farm in the morning, and returning to the fort in the evening, guarded by his dog and gun, while many of the savages at that time were lurking in the woods. The congregational church was formed June 12, 1769, of 8 males and 7 females. Rev. David Darling, who graduated at Yale college in 1779, was ordained Jan. 18, 1781 ; dismissed Dec. 30, 1783, Rev. Perky Hoive, who graduated at Dartmouth college in 1790, was ordained Sept. 16, 1795. There are some persons professing to be of the Christ-ian and meth- odist orders, hut of such, there are no regular chuvches. Surry con- tains 80 families and 90 rateable polls. Hon. Lemuel Holmes, a judge of the court of common pleas and a counsellor in 1793, resided in this town. Pop. 570. Sutton, a post-town in Hills- borough county, in lat. 43° 19', is 7 1-2 miles in length, and 5 in breadth, containing 24,300 acres. It is bounded N. by New-London, Eh by W^ilmot and Warner, S. by Warner and Bradford, and W. by Fishersfield. It is 17 miles from Hopkinton, 25 from Concord, 65 from Portsmouth and 80 from Bos- ton. The southerly and largest branch of Warner river enters this town on the S., runs a short diS' tanc€, and passes of[ iato Warnet U6 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. again. The northerly branch of this river runs nearly through the centre of the town from N. to S. ; affords several good mill seats, and is adorned with many pleasant and valuable meadows on its borders. Stevens' brook, another consider- able branch of Warner river, has its source on the W. side of Kear- sarge and runs about 4 miles in this town in a S. E. direction. There is also a large branch of Blackwater river, which has its source about the western confines of Kearsarge, and flows through this town in a N. E> course about 3 miles. On the margin of this stream, there is some rich meadow and interval land. There are several ponds, the most important of which are Kezar's pond, situated towaids the N. part of the town, which is about 190 rods square ; and Long pond, situated at the south part of the town, 350 rods long and 70 wide. Kearsarge mountain extends more than half the length of Sutton on its E. side. Here this mountain has a grand and lofty appearance. From its firm and everlasting base, it raises its towering summit far above the clouds. In the morning, at the ris- ing of the sun, it throws its huge shadow over a vast extent of ter- ritory, comprising an immense num- ber of inferior mountains, hills, plains and valleys, and eclipses the sun to hundreds ai-d thousands of its western inhab'-tans. Hundreds of people visit this mountain annu- ally, and climb to its top, where they have, in a fair day, a pleasing and picturesque view in every direction. Kin:'s Hill is situated on the W. part of Sutton. On the most elevated part of this hill, which rises within a few feet as high as Kearsarge, there is one of the most extensive landscape views in the country. On the W. is seen the Sunapee lake, the Ascutney, and highlands in Vermont to the Green mountains ; on the S. the Sunapee and Monadnock •, on the E. you almost overlook Kearsarge ; and on the N. the Cardigan and White hills, with an innumerable host of mountains, hills and peaks, present themselves to view, of all shapes and sizes. On this hill and in the meadows at its foot, is found clay of a superior quality, in great quan- tities. Here are also found quar- ries of stone, remarkable for their dimensions, and valuable for their quality. These stones are found in extensive strata, of almost any thickness, length or width wished for. They are split and prepared for buildings at very little expense j or labor, as nature seems almost to j have given many of them the fin- ishing stroke. A mineral is found jin this town resembling black lead, jit is frequently used for paint, on roofs and doors of buildings, and produces a handsome and duiable slate color. The soil in this town presents all the varieties of produc- tiveness and sterility ; and though the surface is diversified with a succession of hills and vales, and is often rough and mountainous, it, in many places, produces fine crops of wheat, rye, oats, Indian corn, and most of the other prod- ucts common to New-England. The original forest growth of this town, consisted of the white, yel- low, Norway and pitch pine, white and red cedar, hemlock, spruce, juniper, fir, poplar, bass, sugar ma- I pie, white maple, white, red and black birch, beech, white and ! brown ash, white, red and yellow joak, elm, oil nut, or butternut, land some others. The principal I road through this town is from Hop- x\EW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 247 kinton to Dartmouth College, to which place it is 33 miles. Sutton was granted by the Masonian pro- prietors, in 1749, to inhabitants of Haverhill, Newbury and Bradford, Mass. and Kingston, N. H. It was called Perrys-town, from Obadiah Perry, one of its original and prin- cipal proprietors. The first settle- ment was made in 1767, by David Peaslee, who was soon followed by a considerable number of other set- tlers. "To the early inhabitants, it was not unfrequent to see the harmless moose approach their humble cottages ; and the inoffen- sive deer was frequently seen feed- ing on their little improvements. The beaver,the otter, and the musk- rat sported up and down ths rivers and brooks almost unmolested ; while the midnight bowlings of the bear and wolf announced to them, their intended depredations on tiieir fields, flocks and herds. Al- though the Indian was not seen, yet it seemed that he had just put out his fire and gone. His track was atill plain and visible." On the W. bank of Kezav's pond, were several acres of land, which appeared to have been cleared of their origin- al forest. Here were found several liulian hearths, laid with stone, and with much skill and ingenuity. Here was found an Indian burial place. Gun barrels and arrows have been found in this sacred re- pository. Near the pond, have been found stone pestles, mortars and tomahawks. A baptist church was formed in April, 1782, and in Oct. of the same year. Rev. Sam- uel Ambrose was ordained. He was dismissed in March, 1795. Rev. JVatJian Ames succeeded in May, 18:11. Number of communicants. 110. There is a free-will baptist society, over which Elder Elijah Watson was settled in 1818. There is a society of universalists. With- in 10 years past, 5 persons have died more than 100 years of age, 1 at the age of 99, and 3 from 90 to 99. Jacob Davis died in April, 1819, aged 105; and in the week following, his wife, aged 99, with whom he had lived more than 70 years. After he was 100 years of age, he attended the polls, and vo- ted. Thomas Walker, a native of Wales, who died in March, 1822, at the age of 103, was a soldier of the revolution, and took part in several important battles, such as Saratoga, White plains, Brandy- wine, &c. Pop. 1573, SwANZEY, a post-township in Cheshire county, in lat. 42° 51', is bounded N. by Kcene, E. by Marl- borough and Troy, S. by Richmond, W. by Winchester and Chester- field, containing 28,057 acres. It is 6 miles from Keene, 60 S. W. from Concord, and 78 from Boston. The principal streams are the Ashuelot and the S. Branch rivers. The former passes through Swanzey in a S. W. direction, and empties into the Connecticut at Hinsdale. This is a stream of much importance, and is made navigable for boats as far up as Keene, excepting a car- rying place about the rapids at Winchester. The South Branch unites with the Ashuelot about one mile N. from the centre of the town. The surfaciC here is some- what diversified with hills, valleys, and swells of upland. Nearly one third part is almost perfectly level, consisting of nearly equal propor- tions of plain and interval. The level grounds are free from stone. The divisions of soil are interval, plain and upland. The principal production of the former is grass, which grows luxuriantly. The plains are easily cultivated, and produce rye, corn, &;c. The irp- 248 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. lands possess a deep and strong soil, and are divided into con- venient proportions of arable, mow- ing, grazing, orchard, and wood land. Tiie original growth com- prises, with a few exceptions, the whole variety of perennial and de- ciduous forest trees. The pine af- fords sufficient lumber for local use, and a considerable quantity for ex- portation. From the maple, large quantities of sugar have been made. There is one pond in the S. W. part of the town, 1 mile in length and :3-4 of a mile wide. It is the source of the S. Branch, There is a min- eral spring, the water of which is impregnated with sulphate of iron. Some iron ore has been discovered. There are about 30 houses on the street, which is level, and extends ISl. and S. 2 1 2 miles. Few towns, so large, are les? compact. There are 2 houses for public worship. There Is a social library of 200 w^ell selected volumes, incorporated •Tune 10, 1802. There are 2 cotton factories, 1 cotton and woollen fac- tory, 3 carding machines, &c. — Swanzey was first granted by Mas- sachusetts, in 1733, to 64 proprie- tors, whose first meeting was at Con- cord, Mass. June 27, 1734. After the divisional line was run, it was granted July 2, 1753, by N. H., to 62 proprietors. Until that time it had been called Lower Ashuelot, from the Indian name of the river, which was originally Ashaelock. From 1741 to 1747, this town suf fered much from Indian depreda- tions. Several of the inhabitants were killed and many were made prisoners. Massachusetts, under whose jurisdiction this town had re vnnined for 13 years, withdrew her protection, and left the inhabitants defenceless, and exposed to the fu- ry of the savages. It was there fere thought advisable to abandon the place. The settlers collected together their household furniture, such as chests, tables, iron and brass ware, and concealed it in the ground, covering the place of con- cealment with leaves, trees, &c., and left their plantation to the dis- position of the Indians, who were not tardy in setting fire to their forts, which, with every house ex- cept one, they reduced to ashes.. Most of the people went to their former places of residence in Mass. They returned about three years af- terwards, and nothing about their former habitations was to be seen, but ruin and desolation. The con- gregational church was first gather- ed in 1741, and Rev. Timothy Har- rington, a native of Waltham, Ms. was settled as pastor. He left the place in consequence of the war in 1747 ; was settled at Lancaster,Ms. in 1748; died Dec. 18. 1795, aged 80. He was a truly venerable and worthy divine. Rev, Ezra Qarpen^ ter was settled over this town and Keene, Oct. 4, 1753: dismissed soon af*3r. Rev. Edward Goddard was ordained Sept. 27,1769; dismissed July 5. 1798. Rev. Clark Brown settled Sept. 5, 1810; dismissed Aug. 16, 1815. Rev. Joshua Chan.' dler was ordained Jan. 1819. The baptist church here was founded a^ bout the year 1804, The number of deaths from Jan. 1810, to June 3, 1822, was 231. Pop. 1716. Swift River rises among the mountains in the ungranted lands N. W. of Burton, and passes through the town from W. to E. with great rapidity, and falls into the Saco in Conway. Its whole course is rapid, and in one place it falls about 30 feet in the distance of 6 rods, through a channel in the solid rock of about 12 feet wide— the sid&s being from 10 to 30 feet perpendic- ular height. At the uppe4- part of NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. S49 these falls, are found several circu- lar holes worn perpendiculaily into the rock, several feet in depth and ftom 6 inches to 2 feet diameter. There is another small river in Tarnworth of the same name. T. TAMWorth, a post-township, Strafford county, in lat. 43° 51', is situated on the post-road from Con- cord to Portland, and about &8 miles from -each; 30 miles from Gilford, and 120 from Boston. It is bounded N.by Burton, E. by Eaton, S. by Ossipee, W. by Sandwich, and contains 28,917 acres. There is no mountain situated wholly in this town. On the N. are the mountains of Burton, and the S, the line crosses a part of Ossipee mountain. The mountains to th( N. have a romantic and picturesque appearance. The town lies in ridges and valleys, generally rocky and fertile. The principal rivers are Bearcamp,which passes through the town in an easterly direction, and discharges its waters into Ossi pee lake ; Swift river, which rises near the N. W. corner of the town and passing through its centre, mingles its waters with the Bear camp ; and Corway river, proceed ing from Corway pond, near Bur ton ; and crossing tne S. line of Tarnworth, near the S. E, corner of the town, near which it empties into Bearcamp river. By these riv- ers, and other small streams, the town is uncom nonly well watered. On these streams is a great num- ber of excellent mill privileges. Tarnworth was granted Oct. 14, I76fi, to John Webster, Jonathan Moulton and others ; and was set- tled in 1771, by Richard Jackman, Jonathan Choate, David Pi-ilbvick and William Eastir.an. The con- gregational church, in this town, X2 consists of about 200 members, un- der the pastoral care of the Rev. Samuel Hidden, who was ordained Sept. 12, 1792. Here is also a large society and church of free- will baptists. Pop. 1442. Temple, post town, in Hillsbo- rough county, in lat. 42° 49', is bounded N. by Greenfield and Lyndeborough, E. by Lyndebo- rough and Wilton, S. by New-Ips- wich and Mason, and W. by Shar- on and Peterborough. It is 6 miles in length ; its medial bieadth is 3 1-2 miles. Temple is 12 mile? from Amherst and 40 from Concord. The several streams which emptj into Souhegan river at Wilton, rise among the mountainous tracts on the W., and generally from sour- ces within the limits of Temple. — This town is of considerable eleva- tion. The prospect towards the E. and S. is very extensive, and presents a rich and diversified scenery. From the highest point of elevation, in a clear atmosphere, about 20 meeting houses may be seen by the naked eye. The sur- face is very rocky and uneven. The soil is tolerably good, and every part of it may be improved to advaii- tage, either for tillage, mowing,pas- turage, or woodland. This place is free from early, frosts. For the last 35 years, there has been no general mortal sickness. In 1813, there oc- curred 137 cases of fever, of which only 7 died. The deaths for 15 years past, have annually averaged about 14. The congregational church was organized Oct. 2, 1771, at wliich time, Rev. Samuel Web- ster, from Salisbury, Mass., was or- dained. He died in 1778, aged 35. Rev. JVba/t Miles, his successor, was ordained in 1782 There is a library in this town called the "Co- lumbian Lil>rary," incorporated in 1797, having 237 volumes. Temple 250 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. is the easterly part of what was] called Peterborough Slip. It was incorporated Aug. 26,1768. Hon. Francis Bi>ood, a representative to the general court, a senator, counsellor, judge of the court of common pleas, and brigadier gener- al, resided in this town. Pop. 752. Teneriffe. See Milton. Thornton, a post township in Grafton county, in lat. 43° 54', is bounded N. by Peeling and Lin- coln, E. by ungranted land and Giliis' and Foss' grant, S. by Camp- ton, W. by Ellsworth and Peeling, containing 28,490 acres, including Thornton Gore. It is 12 miles from Plymouth, 58 from Concord, and 120 from IJoston. It is watered by Pemigewasset river,passing through the town from N. to S., by Mad riv- er at the S. E. extremity, and by several small brooks. On Mill brook, there is a cascade, of which the water falls 7 feet in 2 rods, and then falls over a rock 42 feet per- pendicular. The soil is suitable for wheat, rye, oats, flax, &c. The intervals on the Pemigewasset are very productive. There are many elevations, but none distin- guished for a remarkable height. Maple sugar is made in considera- ble quantities, frequently from 500 to 1000 lbs. by one family. Thorn- toQ was granted July 6, 1763, to Matthew, James, and Andrew Thovftton and others. It was first settled in 1770, by Benjamin Hoit, whose son Benjamin was the first child born in town. Thornton was incorporated Nov. 8, 1781. A con- gregational church was formed, and Rev. Experience Esterbrooks was ordained Aug. 10, 1780 ; afterward dismissed. Rev. Noah Worcester, now D. D., of Brighton, Ms., was or dained in 1787; dismissed in 1810 There are 2 meeting houses, one of which is used as a town house There are several religious denom- inations in this place. Number of deaths from 1810 to 1822, 75. Pop. 857. Trot, a small township in Chesh- re county, in lat. 42° 50', is boun- ded N. by Marlborough, E. by Jaf- frey, S. by Fitzwilliam, and W. by Richmond and Swawzey. It is about 60 miles from Concord. The soil and productions of this town are similar to those of Fitz- william. Possessing but few water privileges, its advantages for mills and factories are limited. The in- habitants are principally agricultu- ralists. This town was taken from Marlborough and Fitzv/illiam, and incorporated June 23, 1815. A congregational church was organ- ized Sept. 14, 1815. Rev. Ezekiel Rich was installed at the time the church was formed. He was dis- missed July 18, 1818. Rev. Setk E. PVinslow has since been em- ployed. The church has about 30 communicants. Pop. 700. TUFTOSBOROUGH, pOSt tOWB, Strafford county, in lat. 43° 40', is about 50 miles from Concord, situ- ated on the N. E. shore of Winne- pisiogee lake ; bounded N. E. by Ossipee, S. E. by Wolfe borough, S. W. and W. by the lake, N. W. by Moultonborough. There are several ponds in this town, togeth- er with many small streams running into the lake. The soil is alter- nately good and indifferent; the surface, an interchange of rough and pleasant grounds. There are several arms of the lake stretching far into the town, and presenting to the spectator, from the elevated parts of the town, a succession of beautiful views. Tuftonborough was originally granted to J. Tufton Mason, and took its name from hitn. It was settled about 1780, and in- corporated Dec. 17, 1795. Among NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 251 the early settlers were Benjamin Bean, Phinehas Graves and Joseph Peavey. There are societies of congregationalists, baptists and methodists ; of the latter, Rev. Jo- seph Kellum is pastor. They have a meeting house; and there is also a commodious town house. This has generally been a healthy town. The spotted fever prevailed in 1816, and numbers fell its victims. Pop. 1232. u. UmbAoog lake, is a large 6ody of water, situated mostly in the state of Maine, and extending about 300 rods in width along the E. of the townships of Errol and Cambridge, in N. H. This lake is very imper- fectly known ; is said to be about 18 miles long, and in some parts 10 wide ; being but little inferior to Winnepisiogee, in extent and beau- ty. Its outlet is on the W. side, in Errol, its waters flowing into the Ameriscoggin. Unconoonock, a mountain. — See Goffstown. Unity, post-township, in Chesh- ire county, inlat. 42° 51', is bound- ed N. by Claremont and Newport, E. by Goshen. S. by Lempster and Acworth, and W. by Charles- town, containing 24,447 acres. It is 43 miles from Concord, 88 from Portsmouth and 90 from Boston. — The 2d N. H. turnpike and the post road from Goshen to Charles- town pass through this town. Lit- tle Sugar river has its source in Whortleberry pond and Beaver meadow, in the N, part of the town, passes through its centre, and empties itself into the Connecticut at Charlestown. Cold pond, tlie head of Cold river, is partly in thi town. From Gilman's pond, in the E. part of Unity, proceeds branch of Sugar river, flowing through Nev/port. Perry's moun- tain is in the S. W. part, and part- ly in Charlestown. Unity is an uneven township, and abounds in rocks. They are principally the common granite ; some are oriental granite. The soil is highly favora- ble for grazing. It is excellent for flax, few towns in the state produ- cing a greater quantity. From 5 pecks of seed sowed in 1821, were raised, without any extraordiharj' cultivation, 25 bushels of flax seed, of the best quality, and 7001bs. of good flax. The agricultural pro- ducts in 18-20, were 21,0001bs. of butter, 30,0001bs. of cheese, 72,- OOOlbs. of beef, 85,0001bs. of pork, 5,7001bs. of flax, 600 barrels of ci- der. Unity was granted by char- ter, July 13, 1764, to Theodore At- kinson, Meshech Weare, and 45 others. It was called Unity, from the happy termination of a dispute which had long subsisted between certain of the inhabitants of King- ston and Hampstead, claiming the same tract of land under two differ- ent grants. The first settlement was made by John Ladd and Mo- ses Thurston, in 1769. Joseph Perkins the only native graduate, proceeded A. B., at Williams' col- lege, in 1814. There are metlio- odist, baptist and friend societies, each of which have meeting hou- ses. Charles Huntoon, Esq., one of the first settlers, died here in 1818, aged 93. Pop. 1280. Upper Coos, a name formerly applied to the tract on the Connec- ticut, now comprising the towns of Lancaster and Northumberland, and the towns opposite, in the state of Vermont. w. Wakefield, a post-township, 'itraffoid county, in lat. 43° 35', is 100 miles from Boston, 50 from 252 NEWHAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. Concord, 30 from Dover ; bound- ed N. W. by Ossipee and Effing- ham, E. by Maine,S. E. by Milton, W. by Middleton and Brookfield. Lovewell's pond, in the S. part of the town, is about 700 rods long, 275 wide. Province pond lies be- tween Wakefield and Effingham, and is 450 rods long, 400 wide. Pine river pond is the source of the river of that name flowing N. W. into Ossipee lake. The prin- cipal branch of the Pascataqua has its rise in East pond, between Wakefield and Newfield, Me. The soil of this place is generally good, but it is more favorable for mow- ing and grazing than for tillage. This town was formerly called East-totcn, and xvas incorporated Aug. 30, 1774, by its present name. A congregational church was for- med in 1785, and Rev. Asa Piper ordained. He was dismissed in 1810 ; but has since preached with- out compensation. There are also societies of methodists and freewill baptists. There are 2 cotton fac- tories, besides other mills and ma- chinery. Lovewell's pond in this town derived its name from Capt John Lovewell, of Dunstable, who, on the 20th Feb. 1725, surprised and destroyed a party of Indians encamped on the side of the pond. (See Hist. Coll. p. 26.) Robert Macklin, distinguished for longevi ty, died here in 1787, at the age of 115. He was born in Scotland, and lived several years in Ports- mouth in the occupation of a ba- ker. He frequently walked from Portsmouth to Boston in one ('ay, and returned in another. This journey he performed the last time, at the age of 80. Pop. 1518. Wales' Locatiojv, in the co. of Coos, was granted May 4, 1773. to Nathaniel Wales, and comprise(! 5822 acres — now constituting a part of Columbia, Walpole, a post-town in the county of Cheshire, in lat. 43° 4^, is bounded N. by Charlestown and Langdon, E. by Alstead and Suny, S. by Westmoreland and West- inster, Vt. containing 24,301 acres. It is 25 miles from the S. ne of the state, 48 from Dart- mouth college, 60 from Concord, and 90 from Boston, with which it has easy and frequent communica- tion. The face of the town is beautifully diversified with hills and vales. The soil is similar to that of other towns on Connecticut river. The intervals afford excel- lent tillage ; the uplands are infe- rior to none in the state. The ag- ricultural products in 1820, were 40,000 lbs. of butter, 60,000 lbs. of cheese,! 10,000 lbs. feeef,180,000 lbs. of pork, 5,500 lbs. of flax, with 1225 barrels of cider. Cold river passes through the N. part, and forms a junction with the Connecticut. There is a lofty hill, called Fall mountain, a part of the range of Mount Toby ; the highest parts of which are not less than 700 or 800 feet above the surface of the river. The village of Walpole is situated at the foot of this hill on a plain ; the margin of the intervals. The principal street runs N. andS. and is bordered on both sides with hou- ses, stores and shops, A turnpike road from Boston passes through this village, and by a bridge cros- sing the well known cataract, Bel- lows' Falls, passes over the Green mountains to Rutland, and from tlience through Middlebury and Burlington, by lake Champlain, to Montreal. The transportation and travelling in this channel of com- munication between Boston and the country on the N. W. are very great. There are 2 toll bridges across the Connecticut, one below the mouth of Cold river ; the other at Bellows' Falls, which aifords to NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 253 the traveller, as he passes, a view most sublime and interesting. The Cheshire turnpike and the 3d N. H. turnpike pass through this lovcn. There is a large and commodious meeting-house, built in 1787, and furnished with a good bell and or- gan. The first minister of Wal- pole was Rev. Leavitt, who was settled over the congrega- tional church in 1761 ; and was dismissed in 1763. He was suc- ceeded by Rev. Thomas Fessen- den, a graduate at Harvard college m 1758, who was ordained in Jan. 1767 ; died May 9, 1813, aged 74. Rev. Pliny Dickinson, who gradu- ated at Dartmouth college in 1798, was ordained as colleague with Mr. Fessenden, March 6, 1805. Wal- pole was granted by the govern- ment of N. H., Feb. 16, 1752, to Col. Benjamin Bellows and 61 oth- ers. It v/as previously known by the name of Great Fall. Its first settlement was made in 1749, by Col. Bellows, who, for a long time was exposed, without any other defence than a small fort, with a trifling garrison, to the incursions of the Canadians and savages. In time of war he was encircled by hazard and peril. In 1755, a party of Indians, from St. Francis invad- ed Walpole ; killed two men ; and took possession of the fort. Col. Bellows was abroad. On his return with 20 men, he met 50 of the savages ; fouginhis way through. them, and recovered the fort with- out losing a man. The descend ants of Col. Bellows are numerous and highly respectable. Pop. 2000. Warner, a post-township in Hillsborough county, in lat. 43° 16-', is bounded N. by Sutton and Salisbury, E. by BoscaAven, S. by Hopkinton and Hermikcr, W. by Bradford, containing according to Ibe survey of 1805, 27,571 acres, besides Kearsarge gore, which was annexed to this town, in June 1818. This gore is a strip of land lying between Salisbury and Sutton, ex- tending from the former N. line of Warner to the highest part of Kearsarge mountain, and contains 4280 acres. The distance of War- ner from Hopkinton is 8 miles; from Concord, 15 ; and from Bos- ton, 72 miles. It is watered by Warner river, a handsome stream, which rises in the Sunapee moun- tain in Fishersfield. It passes through Bradford, enters Warner at the N. W. corner, and runnii>g in an E. and S. E. direction, di- vides the town into nearly two equal parts. It passes out at the S. E. corner, and falls into Contoo- cook river in Hopkinton. On this river and its tributary streams in this town, are 16 saw mills, 8 grist mills, 1 paper mill, &c. Most of the perennial and deciduous trees common to this section of the country, are found here. This lands, though broken, have, in gen- eral a good soil, and produce grass, corn, rye, &c. Mink hills lie in the W. part, and furnish fine or- chards, and good pasturage. There are 4 ponds, viz. Ton), Bear, Bag- ley and Pleasant ponds. Pleasant pond, the waters of which are clear and cold ; deep, and of a greenish cast, has no visible outlet or inlet, and overflows its banks in the driest seasons. There are 16 school dis- tricts, which average 40 scholars to each. One native of tbe town, John Kelly, Esq., counsellor at law in Northwood, graduated at Dart- mouth college in 1804. Another is a member of the senior class at the same institution. This town was granted in 1735 hy the general court of Mass. to Beac. Thomas Stevens and 62 othtis, inhabitants of Amesbury and Salisbury, Ms. ^54 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. It was first called dumber 1, and afterwards JVew-Amesbury. In 1737,63 five acre house lots were laid out by the proprietors ; a small log hut was built on each; and in 1739, a saw mill was erected where Gen. A. Davis' m'lls now stand. Soon after the divisional line be- tween N. H. and Mass. was estab- lished, this town was re-granted by the Masonian proprietors to 63 per- sons belonging to Rye, between whom and the first grantees arose controversies and lawsuits, which were not finally settled till 1773. The name under the last grant was Jennis-town. It was incorporated Sept. 3, 1774, by the name of War- ner, contrary to the petition of the proprietors, who desired the name to be Araesbury. The first settle- ment was made in 1762, by David Annis and his son-in-law, Reuben Kimball, whose son Daniel was the first child born in town. Mrs. Hannah Kimball, the widow of Mr. Kimball, died at Warner, Feb. 23, 1823, aged 83,— the first English female who slept in the town. In 1774, Warner contained 50 fami- lies. On the 5th of Feb. 1772, a congregational church was organi zed. Rev. William Kelly, a na- tive of Newbury, Ms., was the first minister. He was born Oct. 31, 1744', graduated at Harvard co% letje in 1767 ; ordained Feb. 5, 1772; dismissed March 11, 1801 ; awd died May 18, 1813. His suc- cessor, Rev. John Woods, was or- dained June 22, 1814. There are baptists, freewill baptists and uni- versalists. On the 9th of Sept. 1821, this town was visited by a most violent and destructive hurricsue. by which five individuals los* their lives, several were seriously injur- ed, and considerable property was destroyed. (See Cahinet of Curi- osities^ VqI. 1, p. 64.) The num- ber of deaths from Jan. 1817 to Jan. 1, 1833, was 179. The num- ber which died of consumption was 43. Pop. 2246. Warder's Location, was an- nexed to Chatham June 23, 1817. Warner river. See Warner. Warren, township in Grafton county, in lat. 43° 36', is bounded N. by Coventy, E. by Peeling and Ellsworth, S. by Wentvvorth, W. by Piermont, containing 27,720 acres. It is 10 miles from Haverhill corner, and 63 from Concord. This town is watered by the north branch of Baker's river, which has its source on the E. side of Moosehillock mountain. It passes in a north di- rection to Wentworth, and, near the S. line of Warren, furnishes several valuable mill seats. Here are situated Clement's mills. The soil of Warren varies not material- ly from the contiguous towns. The S. E. part presents a mountainous aspect, having a large portion of Carr's mountain on its S. eastern, border. There is considerable trav- el through the S. W. part of this town, over which the Coos turnp'ke passes. Warren was granted hy charter, July 14, 1763. Of its his- tory or religion we know nothing, and could obtain nothing. Pop. 544. Washington, a post-township in Cheshire county, in lat. 43*^ 10', is bounded N. by Goshen, E. by Bradford, Hillsborough and Wind- sor, S. by Stoddard, and W. by Mar- low and Lemp^ier, containing 30,765 acres. It ^s 22 miles from Keene, 20 fr >;n Cbarlestown, 35 from Concorr' and 80 from Boston.. This town is hilly, but not moun- tainou?. Lovewcll's mountain, so callcu from Capt. liOvewell's killing sr-ven Indians nenr it, (See Hist. Coll. for 1822, page 25,) is of a con- ical shape, about 3-4 of a mile in NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 26& diameter, and may be seen at a con- 1 siderable distance. Washington abounds with springs, rivulets, and j natural pcjnds, of the last of which, j there are no less than 16, and some] of them of considerable magnitude Island pond, so called from its be proprietors to Reuben Kidder,-Esq. of New-Ipswich, under whom it was settled in 1768. It was first called Monadnocky JVb. 8. From its settlement, it was called Cam- den, till Dec. 13, 1776, when it was incorporated by its present name. ing full of islands, is 2 miles long, 1 The first settlers had 150 acres of and 1 1-2 wide. Half moon pond!!land each for settling. The first is 1 1-2 miles in length. Ashuelot j|year of their settlement, they erect- pond is 1 1-2 miles long, and 1 mile ied a grain mill and a sawmill, wide, and is the source of one ofnThe grants o* Marlow and Lemp- the principal branches of Ashuelot river. Brockway's pond, a beauti- ful sheet of water, lying on a white sand, is 1 mile long and 1-2 a mile wide. Long pond, lying in this town and Stoddard, is 5 miles in length. These ponds abound with a variety of fish. A branch of Contoocock river has its source from several small ponds in the E. part of the town. The soil is generally deep and moist. It is better for grass than tillage. The forest trees are rock and white maple, black ash, black, yellow and white birch, beech, elm, bass, red oak, pine, spruce, hemlock, fir, cedar, &(.•.. There is a plenty of clay ; and peat abounds in the swamps and low lands. Iron ore has been found in several places. Plumbago, (graph- ite) and antimony, it is said, have been found. Washington village is pleasantly situated, and contains a large meeting-house, with a hand- some cupola ; a brick school house, 25 dwelling houses, 3 stores aud 2 tavv.rns. The 2d N. H. turnpike runs from N. W. to S. E. through this village, where it is intersected by the Croydon turnpike from the N. There are several falls on the various streams, affording fine water privileges. Besides the miUs &c. under the statistical table, there is one cotton factory ; also, an oil mill and a distillery. W^avi was granted by the Masonian ster mterfered with the grant of Monadnock, No. 8, and caused some long and vexatious lawsuits, jand much trouble ano expense to the claimants on both sides. There are 3 religious societies ; viz. (1,) the congregational, of wlric; a church vv.as organized May It, 17feO. Rev, George Lesslie was ii.f.ia)itd July 12, 1780 ; died Sept. 11, 1800, aged 72. Rev. John Lord, ordain- ed Nov. 9, 1803; dismissed June 12, 1806 Rev. Broughton White, installed Dec. 23. 1818. (2.) J he baptists, who have no minister. (3.) The universalist society ,over which Rev. Ebenezer Paine was foniicrly settled. Washington is a healthy place. No remarkable sickness has ever prevailed here. The deaths in 1819, were 13; in 1820, 14; in 1821, 8. Pop. 1000. Weare, a post town, and the largest township in Hillsborough county, both in extent and popula- tion, is situated in lat. 43° 4'. Its jlcngth is about 7 1-2 miles; its j breadth, which does not vary, ex- jceptatthe S. W. angle, is 6 1-2 jniiles. It is bounded N. by Hen- jnikcrand Hopkintcn, E. by Dun- j barton and Goffstown, S. by New- iBoston, and W. by Francestown jand Deering, containing .33,643 acres. The only river in Weare, is the N. W. branch of Piscata- quog,which enters the W. boundary from Deering,and meanders through 256 NEW-HAMPSFIIRE GAZETTEER. the N. and E. sections of the town, and passes the S. line about halt mile from tlie S. E. corner. This river afibrds the best mill seats ii town. On this, and the several other streams, are 1 cotton and woollen factory, 1 oil mill, 11 saw mills, 9 grist mills, 3 fulling mills, and 3 carding machines. — There are three ponds of note in this town. The largest lies nearly one mile S. of the town house. It is known by the name of Mount-Wil- liara pond, and contains 40 acres Ferrin's pond, which is nearly as large, is situated in the S. E. pan of the town. Duck pond, about half a mile N. of the town house, is less than either of the others. — Two of the largest hills in Weare are called mountains. Mount Wil- liam lies N. E. of the pond of that name, and mount Misery is E. of Ferrin's pond. Neither of them are of very considerable mag- nitude, considered as mountains.— Rattlesnake hill, nearly in the cen- tre of the N. line of the town, abounds with shelving rocks, ab- rupt precipices, forming dens and caves. During the summer season, the reptile from which the hill takes h name is frequently found. The soil of this town exhibits different degrees of fertility. That of the uplands is favorable for agriculture ; is well supplied with springs of wa- ter, brooks and rivulets. The town, though rather broken, is not moun- tainous. It has small swamps, and some good meadows. Tt is now settled and cultivated to its ex- treme limits by industrious and wealthy husbandmen. There are two libraries. " The Social Libra- ry," incorporated Dec. 7, 1798, containing 90 volumes ; and the *' Friends Library," established 3d mo. 30th day, 1809, and containing 68 volumes. Two natives of the town have received a collegiate ed- ucation, viz. James Hadley, who graduated at Dartmouth college in 1809, and David Bailey, Esq., who graduated at Middlebury college, in 1814. There are 4 meeting hou- ses, two belonging to the society of friends. The baptist meeting house, erected in 1789, is in the S. part ; and the congregational meeting house, built in 1790, is in the N. E. part of the town. There is a town house near the centre. Weare was granted to Ichabod Robie, Esq. and others, Sept. 20, 1749, by the Ma- sonian proprietors. It was settled by emigrants from Massachusetts and the easterly part of N. Hamp- shire. It contained, in 1764, prob- ably between 20 and 30 families. It was incorporated September 21, 1764, and received its name in hon- or of Meshech Weare, chief jus- tice of the province of N. H. The first church formed in Weare was of the baptist denomination. It was gathered Jan. 26, 1783. Rev. Amos Wood was ordained Nov. 19, 1788, and died Feb. 3, 1798. Rev. Ezra Wilmarth succeeded, and was in- stalled April 29, 1813; dismissed Aug. 11, 1817. Rev. John B. Gib- son was installed May 6, 1818 ; dismissed 1822. A congregational church was formed June 17, 1789, Rev. John Cayford was ordained Oct. 20, 1802 ; dismissed May 4, 1808. A freewill baptist church was formed of members who se- ceded from the first baptist church, Oct. 20, 1806. Eld. Hezekiah D. Buzzell removed to Weare, Nov. 27, 1812, and took charge of it, no installation being necessary, ac- cording to the faith and order of that connection There is also a large, respectable and wealthy so- ciety of friends, some of whom settled here as early as 1770. Since that time, they have been annually NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 257 increasing in numbers, wealtli and respectability. There is a small so- ciety of universalists. Samuel Philbrick, Esq. was a worthy citi- zen of tWs town. He was a na- tive of Seabrook, removed to Weare in 1770, and died Dec. 28, 1806, aged 72. The number of deaths from March 1, 1813, to Jan. 1, 1822, was 281. Pop. 2800. Westdell, a township in Chesh- ire county, in lat. 43° 22', is bound- ed N. by Springfield, E. by Suna- pee lake, separating it from New- London and Fishersfield, S. by Go- shen, W. by Newport and Croydon, containing " 15,666 acres, 3000 of which are water. It is 35 miles from Concord and 80 from Ports- mouth. A considerable part of lake Sunapee, a noble sheet of water, lies in this town. The surface of this lake is said to contain 4,095 acres, of which 2720 acres are in Wendell. Mere is the principal source of Sugar river, which flows from the lake near its centre from N. to S. ; passes through the centre of the town into Newport, from thence into Claremont, where it Hnites with the Connecticut. There are three small ponds, containing an area of about 300 acres. This town was granted by the name of Saville, Nov. 7, 1768, t^ John Sprague and others. It was settled in 1772 by emigrants from Rhode- Island. It was incorporated April 4, 1781, when it received its name from John Wendell, one of the principal proprietors. The first minister was Rev. N. Woodward, a baptist. A congregational society was incorporated June 24, 1819. The number of deaths for 4 years was abont 20. Pop. 603. Wentworth, a post-township in Grafton county, in lat. 43° 50', is bounded N. by Warren, E. by Rumney, S. by Dorchester, and W. by Orford, containing 23,040 acres. It is 15 miles from Plymouth, and 52 from Concord. This town is watered by Baker's river, on which is a fall of 18 or 20 feet, affording an excellent privilege for all kinds of water machinery. Over this fall is a bridge, maintained at the public expense. Near the bridge is a flourishing village, containing about 20 houses, several stores, shops for mechanics, and mills of various kinds. The S. branch of Baker's river passes through the southerly part of this town and joins the main branchnear Rumney line. There are but few ponds. Baker's, situated on Orford line, is the most considerable ; the outlet of which is called Pond brook, and affords water sufficient for several valuable mill seats. This stream unites with Baker's river just below the village. These streams contain all the vari- ous kinds of fish found in the state. Salmon, however, are not so plen- ty as formerly. In the E. part of the town, lies part of Carr's moun- tain, composed of a variety of val- uable stone, among which is found a great supply of the best granite. This kind is also found in various other parts of the town. This moun- tain was covered in its natural state with a heavy growth of forest trees, A part of the elevation called Mount Cuba lies in the W. part of Wentworth. This mountain con- tains inexhaustible quantities of the best limestone, of which a con- stant supply of good lime is made, and sold at a low price. Iron ore is found in various parts. The soil is generally good ; the lands in the vicinity of the rivers are of the first quality; the upland is in gen-p eral of a strong rich soil, but is un- even, and in some instances, quite elevated, which renders it an ex- cellent grazing town. Copperas is 258 NEW-HAMPSHIRE 6AZETTEER. Maanufactured in small quantities, and might be made a source of profit. Wentwovth was granted November 1, 1766, to Jolm Page, Esq. and others. It received its name from governor Benning Wentworth. The first settlement commenced a few years before the revolutionary war by emigrants from the S.part ofthis state and from Massachusetts. Articles of subsis- tence, potatoes and seeds for the propagation of vegetables, were transported thither from the lower part of the state on pack horses, hand-sleighs and in knapsacks. The only remarkable instance of lon- fevity in this place is Widow Jane I'Lellan a native of Ireland, who died Oct. 14, 1821, aged 101. The dysentery prevailed here about 20 years since ; and in 1813 and 1815, the spotted fever carried off many persons of different ages. In this town are various denominations of christians all living harmoniously together. Pop. 807. Wentworth's Location, sit- uated N. of Errol in the county of Coos, in lat. 44° 48', was granted June 17, 1796, to George Went- worth, and comprised 10,000 acres. West River Mottntain.— See Chesterfield and Hinsdale. West»ioreland, a post-town on Connecticut river, in Cheshire county, is in lat. 42^ 58'. It is bounded N. by Walpole, E. by Sur- ry and Keene, S. by Chesterfield, and W. by Dummerston and Put- ney, Vt., containing 22,426 acres. Its distance from Concord is 65 miles; from Boston, 100. This town is watered by several small streams which empty into the Con- necticut. The one issuing from Spafford's lake in Chesterfield is the largest, and affords some of the best water privileges in town. The jturfaee here is much less variega- ted with hills, mountains, vales, rivers and ponds, than the circum- jacent towns. There are tracts of fine intervals — and the land gener- ally has an excellent soil, and is well suited for cultivation. A bridge connects this town with Put- ney, and the 3d N. H. turnpike crosses its N. E. extremity. West- moreland was first granted by Mas- sachusetts and was called, JVumber 2. It was afterwards known by the name of the Great Meadow, The present charter of the town was granted by N. H., Feb. 11, 1752. The first settlement was made in 1741, by four families. Mrs. Lydia How, who died in 1806, at the age of 91, was one of the first inhabitants, and mother of the first child born in the township. The early settlers were several times attacked by the Indians, and various mischief was done, but of no great magnitude.^ In one of their excursions, the* killed Wil- liam Phips, the first husband of Jemima How; and in another, car- ried Nehemiah How, the father of her second husband, a captive to Canada, where he died. (See Bel- knap's Hist. JY. H. Vol. II, pages 240,241.) There is a congrega- tional church, over which Rev. William Goddard was ordained in 1764. He graduated at Harvard college in 1761. Rev. Allen Pratt, who graduated at Harvard college in 1785, is the present minister. There are two baptist churches. The 1st was formed in 1771 ; the 2d in 1785. There are universal- ists and other denominations. There are 3 meeting-houses. Ma- jor Ezra Pierce, a senator in the legislature in 1802 and 1803, resi- ded in this town. Pop. 2000. Wheelwright's pond is in Lee ; and is the principal source of [Oyster river. It is memorable for NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 259 the battle which was fouglrt near it in 1690, between a scouting party of Indians and two companies of rangers, under Capts. Floyd and Wiswall. The engagement lasted 2 hours. Wiswall, his lieutenant, sergeant, and 12 men were killed and several wounded. Floyd con- tinued the fight, till his men, weari- ed and wounded, drew off and obliged him to follow. The enemy also retreated. Whitefield, in Coos county, lat. 44° 21', is an irregular town- ship, lying S. of Lancaster, W. of Jefferson, N. of Bretton-Woods and Bethlehem, E. of Dalton, compris- ing 20,800 acre?. Its soil is general- ly thin and light, of easy cultivation and tolerably good; though in the N. part low spruce swamps abound. No town in the county possesses an equal share of pine timber ; this is now transported in great quanti ties down John's river to the Con- necticut. In this town lie part of Blake's, Long, Round and Little River ponds, beside two other small ponds. The second of these is a beautiful pond of considerable size, abounding with fish. John's river passes through this town. White- field was granted July 4, 1774, to Josiah Moody and others, and soon after settled by Maj. Burns and others. It has increased in popula- tion more rapidly than any other town in the county. In 1810 there were but 51 inhabitants, and there are now upwards of 280. The new road from Lancaster to Concord passes through this town ; it short ens the distance usually travelled about 30 miles. A turnpike from Peeling to the S. line of this town has been granted, which, if complet ed and extended to Lancaster would turn much of the trade of Coos county through Concord, the seat of government ; and being the direct route from Qusbeck to Bos ton,would be much the nearest way to the markets for the northern parts of this state and Vermont. White- field is 120 miles from Concord. Pop. 281. White Moitntains. — The lofty pile, designated by the name of White Mountains,* is situated in the N. part of New-Hampshire, and nearly in the centre of the county of Coos. These mountains extend about 20 miles from S. W. to N. E. being the more elevated parts of a range extending many miles in that direction. Their base is 8 or 10 miles broad ; and situat- ed about 25 miles S. E. from Lan- caster, 70 N. of Concord, 82 N. by W. from Portsmouth •, and in lat. 440 15/, long. 71© 20' W. These mountains are the loftiest in New- England, and perhaps in the United States. Although distant more than 60 miles from the nearest part * The Indian na me (according to Dr. Belknap) was Affiocochook. An ancient tradition prevailed among the savages, that a deluge once overspread the land, and destroyed every human being, ex- cept a single powaw and his wife, who sheltered themselves in these elevated regions, and thus preserved the race from extermination. The fancy of the natives peopled this mountain with be- ings of a superior rank, who were in- visible to the human eye, but sometimes indicated their presence by tempests, which they were believed to control with absolute authority. The savages, therefore, never attempted to ascend the summit, deeming the attempt per- ilous, and success impossible. But they frequented the defiles and environs of the mountain, and of course propagat- ed many extravagant descriptions of its appearance ; declaring, amongst other things equally credible, that they had seen carbuncles at imm-ense heights, which, in the darkness of night, shone with the most brilliant and dazzling splendor. President Alden states, that the White mountains were called by one of the eastern tribes Wmimbekket7nethna, Waumbekket signifies -white, and metif na, movntams^ Z60 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEEH. of the coast, their snow-white sum- mits are distinctly visible many leagues at sea, and along the coast of Maine. Their great elevation has always rendered them interest- ing, both to our ancestors, and to the aboriginal inhabitants of the country. As early as 1635, they were visited .by Neal, Jocelyn and Field, who gave romantic accounts of their adventures, and of the ex- lent and grandeur of the mountains, wiiich they called the Crystal Hills. Since that time, these regions have been repeatedly explored by hunt- ers, and by men of science. The height of the mountains has been a subject of much speculation. Dr. Williams supposed the summit of Mount Washington to be 7,800 feet above the sea. Dr. Cutler fixed ihe height of this mountain at 10,000; and Dr. Belknap supposed it to exceed this elevation. Late computations, however, have given far different results ; one making it 7,108, another 6,634, another 6234, enoiher 6,225, and another 6,103. Capt. Partridge, from a series of barometrical observations, makes the height of Mount Washington 6,234 feet above the level of the sea, and the base of the range 1,770. Tn 1820, A. N. Brackett, and J. W. Weeks, Esqrs. from Lancaster, as- «ortained the height of all the prin- cipal peaks by means of a spirit level. In this undertaking they spent 7 days ; and according to their measurement. Mount Washington is 6,428 feet above the level of the sea, 5,850 above the river at Lan- caster, and 4,781 above Crawford's, the nearest dwelling to the summit. This mountain is easily known by its superior elevation, and its being the southern of the three highest peaks. The heights of the other peaks above the Connecticut at l-ancastej;, are as follow ; Mount Adams, 5,383 feet; " Jefferson, - - - . 5,281 " Madison, - - - . 5,039 " Monroe, - . . . 4,932 " Franklin, - - - - 4,470 " Pleasant, * - - - 4,339 The names here given are those generally appropriated to the differ- ent summits. Mount Adams is known by its sharp terminating peak, and being the second N. of Washington. Jefferson is situated between these two. Madison is the eastern peak of the range. Monroe is the first to the S. of Washington. Franklin is the second S. and is known by its level surface. PleaS' ant is known by its conical shape, and being the third S. of Washing- ton. The ascent to the summits of these mountains, though fatiguing, is not dangerous ; and the visitant is richly rewarded for his labor and curiosity. In passing from the Notch to the highest summit^ the traveller crosses the summits of Mounts Pleasant, Franklin and Monroe. In accomplishing this, he must pass through a forest, and cross? several ravines. These are neither wide nor deep, nor are they discov- ered at a great distance ; for the trees fill them up exactly even with the mountain on each side, and their branches interlock with each other in such a manner, that it is very difficult to pass through them, and they are so stiff and thick as almost to support a man's weight. Mount Pleasant is easily ascended. Its top, to the extent of 5 or 6 acres, is smooth, and gradually slopes away in every direction from its centre. It even has a verdant ap- pearance, as it is every where cov- ered with short grass, which grows in little tufts to the height of four or five inches. Among these tufts, mountain flowers are thinly scat- tered, which add life and beauty to the scene. The prospect from thi? NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 261 summit is beautiful : to the N. the I eye is dazzled with the splendor of Mount Washington : N. W. are seen the settlements in Jefferson ; W. the courses of the Amonoosuck, as though delineated on a map ; S. W. the Moosehillock and Haystack are discovered; S. Chocorua peak; S. E. the settlements and moun- tains in Bartlett ; E. only dark mountains and forests. On de- scending this mountain, a small patch of water is found at its base ; from which the ascent is gradual to the summit of Mount Franklin. After crossing this mountain, you pass over the E. pinnacle of Mount Monroe, and soon find yourself on a plain of some extent, at the foot of Mount Washington. Here is a fine resting-place, on the margin of a beautiful sheet of water, of an oval form, covering about 3-4 of an acre. The waters are pleasant to the taste, and deep. Not a living creature is to be seen in the waters, at this height on the hills ; nor do vegetables of any kind grow in or around them, to obscure the clear rocky or gravelly bottom on which they rest. A small spring discharg- es itself into this pond at its south- east angle. Another pond, of about 2-3 its size, lies N. W. of this. Directly before you, the pinnacle of Mount Washington rises with majestic grandeur, like a immense pyramid, or some vast Kremlin in this magnificent city of mountains l^he pinnacle is elevated afeout 1500 feet above the plain, and is composed principally of huge rocks of granite and gneiss piled together, presenting a variety of coldrs and forms. In ascending, you must pass enormous masses of loose stones; but a^walk of half an hour will (generally carry you to the summit. The view from this point is wonder- fully grand and picturesque. In- Y2 numerable mountains, lakes, ponds, rivers, towns and villages meet the delighted eye, and the dim Atlantic stretches its waters along the east- ern horizon. To the N. is seen the lofty summits of Adams and Jeffer- soH ; and to the east a little detach- ed from the range stands Mount Madison. Mount Washington is supported on the N. by a high ridge, which extends to Mount Jefferson ; on the N. E. by a large grassy plain, terminating in a vast spur extend- ing far away in that direction ; E. by a promontory, which breaks off abruptly at St. Anthony's Nose ; S. and S. E. by a grassy plain, in sum- mer, of more than 40 acres. At the southeastern extremity of this plain, a ridge commences, which slopes gracefully away towards the vale of the Saco ; upon which at short distances from each other, arise rocks, resembling, in some places, towers; in others represent- ing the various orders of architec- ture. It would be vain in us to at- tempt a description of the varied wonders which here astonish and delight the beholder. To those who have visited these mountains, our descriptions would be tame and uninteresting; and he who has nev- er ascended their hoary summits, cannot realize the extent and mag- nificence of the scene. These mountains are decidedly of primi- tive formation. Nothing of volca- nic origin has ever yet been discov- ered on the most diligent research. They have for ages, probably, ex- hibited the same unvarying aspect. No minerals are here found of much rarity or value. The rock which most abounds, is schistus, intermix- ed with greenstoP'i, mica, granite and gneiss. The three highest peaks are composed entirely of fragments of rocks heaped together in confusion, but pretty firmly fix- 2G2 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. ed in their situations. Tliese rocks are an intermediate substance be- tween gneiss and micaceous schis- tus ; they are excessively rough and coarse, and grey, almost black, with lichens. The mica in them is abundant, of different colors, red, black, and limpid, and though some- times several inches in diameter,yet most often irregularly stratified. The granite contains emerald, tour- maline of which are found some beautiful specimens, and garnets, besides its proper constituents. Crystals of quartz, pyrites, actin- ote, jasper, porphyry, fluate of lime, and magnetic iron ore, are some- times obtained. During nine or ten months of the year, the summits of the mountains are covered with snow and ice, giving them a bright and dazzling appearance. On every side are long and winding gullies, deepening in their descent to the plains below. Here some of the finest rivers of New-England origin- ate. The Saco flows from the E. side of the mountains ; the branch- B8 of the Ameriscoggin from the N. ; the Amonoosnck and other tributa- ries of the Connecticut from the W.: and the Peir.igewasset from the S., its fountain being near that of the Saco. The sides of the hills are in many parts covered with soil ; but this is very superficial in all cases, and every spot, that can be reached by running water, is left destitute of every thing but rocks and pebbles, of which likewise the river-bottoms are exclusively composed. In these cold and elevated regions, the period for the growth of vegetables is extremely brief; the mountains must be forever sterile. Moss and lichens may be found near the sum- mits, but of meagre and scanty growth — looking as if they had wandered from their proper zone below, into these realms of barren desolation. The J^otch of the White Moun- tains, is a phrase appropriated to a very narrow defile, extending two miles in length between two huge clififs apparently rent asunder bj some vast convulsion of nature-prob- abiy that of the deluge. The entrance of the chasm is fonned by two rocks standing perpendicular at the dis- tance of 22 feet from each other : one about 20 feet in height, the other about 12. The road from Lan- caster to Portland passes through this notch, following the course of the head stream of the Saco. The scenery at this place is exceeding- ly beautiful and grand. The moun- tain, otherwise a continued range, is here cloven quite down to its base, opening a passage for the waters of the Saco. The gap is so narrow, that space has with diffi- culty been found for the road. About half a mile from the entrance of the chasm is seen a most beautiful cas- cade, issuing from a mountain on the right about 800 feet above the subjacent valley, and about 2 miles distant. The stream passes over a series of rocks almost perpendicular, with a course so little broken as to preserve the appearance of a uni- form current, and yet so far disturb- ed as to be perfectly white. This beautiful stream.which passes down a stupendous precipice, is called by Dwight the Silver Cascade. It is probably one of the most beautiful in the_world. At the distance of three fourths of a mile from the en- trance of the chasm is a brook, call- ed the Flume, which falls from a height of 240 or 250 feet over three precipices — down the two first in a single current, and over tli£ last in three, which unite again at the bot- tom in a small basin formed by the KM -^ KO'XCa IN THE MOUItfTAIKTS. NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. 263 hand of nature in the rocks. The water is pure and transparent, and it would be impossible for a brook of its size to be moddeled into more diversified or delightful forms. It is by no means strange that the un- lettered Indian fancied these re- gions to be the abodes of celestial beings ; while the scholar, without a stretch of fancy, in calling to mind the mythology of Greece, vnight find here a fit place for the assemblies and sports of the Dryads, Naiads and Oreades. For a more particular notice of these moun- tains, the reader is referred to Bel- knap's Hist. N. H. ; Dwight's Trav- els ; N. E. Journal ; and N. H. Hist. Coll. for 1823. WiLMOT, a township in the N. extremity of Hillsborough county, in lat. 430 27', is bounded N. W. by Springfield, N. E. by Danbury New-Chester and Andover, S. by Warner, S. W. by Sutton and New- London, containing 15,000 acres, of which 9000 were taken from New-London and 6000 from Kear- sarge gore. It is 30 miles from Concord, and 87 from Boston. The streams forming Blackwater river have their origin in the vicinity of Wilmot. They afford a number of good mill seats. The 4th N. H. lurnpike from Concord to Hanover passes through this town. It was made in 1803, through an entire forest without any inhabitants for 14 miles above, and about 6 miles below Wilmot. The land near the turnpike appears rude and bar ren : but the acclivities on either side are susceptible of cultivation The town is composed of hills and valleys, presenting a rough surface, There are no large collections of water, nor any mountains, except ing Kearsarge, whose summit forms the southern boundary. Wilmot, for the last 10 years has had a more rapid growth than any other towm in the county, having more than doubled its population. The great- er part of Wilmot was originally included in a grant made in 1775, by the Masonian proprietors, to Jo- nas Minot, Matthew Thornton and others. It was incorporated June 18, 1807. It received its name in honor of Dr. Wilmot, an English- man, who, at one time, was suppo- sed to be the author of the celebra- ted letters of Junius. Pop. 670. Wilton, a post-township, Hills- borough county, in lat. 42° 50', is bounded N. by Lyndeborough, E. by Lyndeborough and Milford, S. by Mason, and W. by Temple, con- taining 15,280 acres. It is 9 miles from Amherst, 37 from Con- cord and 58 from Boston. Sou- hegan is the principal river. Its main branch enters this town near the S. W. corner and proceeds in a N. E. course till it forms a junc- tion with several branches running from Lyndeborough and Temple. These flow through the N. part, and are sufficiently large for mill streams. This town has neither mountains, ponds, nor swamps. It is, in genera], pretty rocky, but of a strong and excellent soil. The principal growth of wood is oak, pine, beech, maple, birch, hemlock, and some chesnut. Good clay is found in plenty near streams of water. There are several quarries of excellent stone for splitting and hewing. No uncommon sickness has ever been known here except in 1801, when a malignant and con- tagious fever prevailed, which was supposed to be introduced in a par- cel of old feathers brought into town and lold by pedlers. The whole number of deaths, from 1783 to July, 1820, was about 387. There is a female charitable socie- ty, a literary and moral society, S64 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. and a library society. Wilton was owned by the proprietors of land purchased of John Tufton Mason, Esq., and by them was surveyed and laid out into 80 acre lots and designated by the name of Mum- her 2. The first settlement was made in 1738, by three families from Danvers, Ms., two by the name of Putnam, and one by the name of Dale. Hannah, the daugh- ter of Ephraim Putnam, was the first child born in town. She was born in March, 1741 ; married a Mr. Woodward of Lyndeborough, where she died in Oct. 1811, aged 70. The town was incorporated June 25, 1762, and derived its name from Wilton, an ancient borough in Wiltshire, England. A distres- sing accident occurred in raising the second meeting-house, Sept. 7, 1773. The frame fell, and 3 men were instantly killed ; two died of their wounds soon afterward, and a number of others wei-e badly in- jured. On July 20, 1804, the same meeting-house was struck by light- ning arvd considerably shattered. A congregational church, consist- ing of 8 male members, was gather- ed Dec. 14, 1763. Rev. Jonathan Livermore was ordained the same day. He was dismissed in Feb. 1777, and died at Wilton, July 20, 1809, aged 80. Rev. Abel Fiske was ordained November 18, 1778, and died April 21, 1802, aged 50. Rev. Thomas Beede was ordained March 2, 1803. The number of ad- missions to the church, from its for- mation to 1820, was 472 ; baptisms 1197. A baptist church was form- ed April 7, 1817, over which Rev. Ezra Wilmarth was installed Nov. 11, 1818. There is a small society of unjversalists. Pop. 1070. Winchester, a post-township, in the S. W. part of Cheshire coun- ty, in lat. 42° 46', is bounded N. by Chesterfield and Swanzey, E. by Richmond, S. by Warwick and Northfield, in Mass., W. by Hins- dale, containing 33,534 acres, 600 of which are water. Tt is 15 miles from Keene, 70 from Concord, 83 from Boston, 80 from Hartford and 85 from Albany. Ashuelot river enters this town at its N. E. angle, and runs in a S. W. and W. course t® Hinsdale. It receives on the E., Muddy brook, and on the N., Broad brook and several other small streams. Humphrey's pond is ia the N. E. part of the town. It is 300 rods long and 80 rods wide. From the centre to the S. E., the land is very level. In other parts, the surface is more uneven. The seil is generally good. The prin- cipal forest trees are white and yel- low pine, chesnut, white and red oak, rock maple.&c. In 1822, there were sent to Connecticut market, from this town, 200 thousand white oak staves, from 8 to 10 hundred thousand feet of pine lumber, and large quantities of shingles, casks, &;c. Winchester has two villages, both pleasantly situated on Ashuelot river, one in the centre, containing 27 dwelling houses, 1 meeting- house, with a clock, bell and well toned organ, a school house, the most elegant in the county of Cheshire, 3 taverns, 4 stores, and several mechanic shops, &c. ; the other, in the W. part, containing 21 dwelling houses, 1 cotton facto- ry, 1 small woollen factory, 1 nail factory, 1 scythe factory, 1 large oil mill, 1 furnace, 1 tavern, 1 store, &c. The 6th N. H. turnpike pas- ses through Winchester. There is a respectable library in this town. Only one native has received a col- legiate education. It is a singular fact, recollected by the early inhab- itants, that Josiah Willard, one of the principal grantees of this town, KEW-HAMPSHTRE GAZETTEER. 26S refused to have Dartmouth college located in Winchester, on account of his belief that it would have a tendency to depreciate the value of his possessions. This town was probably first granted by Mas sachusetts. Its first name was Ar lington. It was chartered by N. H. July 2, 1753, to Josiah Willard and others, who had, about the year 1 732, effected a settlement. In the Indian war, which comnnenced a number of years afterwards, the inhabitants had all their private buildings and their meeting-house burnt by the enemy. On the 7th of June, 1756, Josiah Foster and his family were taken captives by the Indians, A congregational church, consisting of 12 mem bers, was formed November 12, 1736. Rev. Joseph Ashley, who graduated at Yale college in 1730, was ordained Nov. 12, 1736; re- moved in 1747, on account of the Indian war. Rev. Micah Law- rence, who graduated at Harvard college, was ordained Nov. 14, 1764; dismissed Feb. 19, 1777. Rev. Ezra Conant, who graduated at Harvard college in 1784, was ordained Feb. 19, 1783 ; dismissed Oct. 13, 1806. Rev. Experience Porter, a graduate of Dartmouth college in 1803, was ordained Nov. 12, 1807 ; dismissed Feb. 20, 1810. Rev. Salmon Bennet was ordained Sept. 10, 1817; dismissed 1822. Communicants about 100. There is a methodist society, and some universalists. Pop. 1849. Windham, post-township, in Rockingham county, lat. 42° 48', is bounded N. by Londonderry, E. by Salem, S. by Pelham, W. by Nottingham-W^st and Londonder- ry. It is 35 miles from Boston, 34 from Concord, 30 from Exeter, 45 from Portsmouth, 22 from Amherst ; and contains 15,744 acres. Policy pond lies in this town and Salem — about one half in each. Cabot's pond lies E. of the centre of the town. Golden pond is in the S., and Mitchell's in the N. E. part of the town. There is another small pond between Windham and Sa- lem, N. E. of Policy pond. Bea- ver river or brook forms the W. boundary, upon which are some meadow lands. The town is also well supplied with small streams. The Londonderry turnpike passes over this town. Windham was originally a part of Londonderry ; and was detached and incorpora- ted Feb. 25, 1739. The inhabi- tants, principally derived from the first settlers of Londonderry, have firmly adhered to the religious prin- ciples of their fathers — to the doc- trines and forms of the presbyte- rian church as originally establish- ed in Scotland, and administered in this country. A presbyterian church was organized, and Rev. William Johnston installed in 1747 : he was dismissed in July, 1752. In 1753, a meeting-house was erected on the S. side of Ca- bot's pond. Rev. John Kinkead was ordained in Oct. 1760; and dismissed in April, 1765. Rev. Simon Williams was ordained ia Dec. 1766 ; continued to preach 27 years, and died Nov. 10, 1793, aged 64. A new meeting-house was erected in 1798. Rev. Samu' el Harris was ordained by the Lon- donderry presbytery in Oct. 1805. The spotted fever appeared at Windham in 1812. From March 30, to April 18, there died 16—3 [adults, and 13 children. 13 died 'in 8 days. Pop. 889. Windsor, a small township of a triangular form, in Hillsborough county, in lat. 43° 6>, is bounded N. by Washington, E. by Hills- borough, S. by Antrim and W. by 266 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. Stoddard, containing 5,335 acres. It is diversified with hills; its soil is strong, good for grazing, and for bread stuffs, of which quantities sufiFicient for use at home, and some for the markets are raised. Black pond, near the centre, is said to be 160 rods long and 80 broad ; and one near the S. E. corner of the town, is about 80 rods long and 40 wide. This town has 3 school dis- tricts, 2 school houses, 1 tavern, 1 grain mill, 2 saw mills and 1 ful- ling mill. The 2d Nl H. turnpike passes through the N. part. Wind- sor was formerly called Campbell's Gore. It was incorporated with town privileges in Nov. 1798. A- mong its early settlers was Capt. Swett, whose posterity still reside here. Pop. 240. WiNSLOw's Location, in Coos county, lat. 44° 34', is bounded N. by ungranted lands, E. by Dummer, S. E. by Paulsburgh and Kilkenny, W. by Piercy •, and contains 5,060 acres. It was granted Oct. 21, 1773, to John Winslow, of Marshfield, Ms. who served as Maj. Gen. Com. of the Prov. forces of Nev/-Eng- land. New- York and Nev/-Jersey. There were only 6 inhabitants, in 1820. WiNNEPiSiOGEE Lake, is sit- uated between lat. 430 29', and 43° 44' ; and between long. 71° 5', and 71° 25', W. from Greenwich ; and a little E. of the centre of New- Hampshire. Its form is very irreg- ular. At the W. end, it is divided into three large bays ; on the N. is a fourth; and at the E. end there are three others. Its general course is from N. W. to S. E ; its length about 22 miles, varying in width from 1 to 10 miles. The townships on its borders may be seen by refer- ring to the mapi The waters of the Winnepisiogee are reir.arkably pv9re ; and when taken froa a suffi- cient depth to give them a proper temperature, are perfectly sweet and palatable. This lake has a great number of islands. Like those in Lake George, and in Casco Bay, they are here declared to be three hundred and sixty-five. Without supposing the days of the year to have been consulted, on the subject, we may naturally conclude that the number is considerable. Sev- eral of these islands are sufficiently large for farms — one containing 500 acres. The prospect^ of this lake from the mountains surrounding it, is enchanting, and in no degree in- ferior to that of Lake George, long celebrated, and visited by thous- ands. A variety of excellent fish are found in this lake. The waters are frozen during the winter, pre- senting a beautiful icy expansion. This lake might be connected by canals with the Pascataqua ; and open an immense field of business between Portsmouth and the inte- rior. Seep. 14, Gen. Vieio. Winnepisiogee River is the great outlet to the lake of that name; and issues from the S. W. arm of the lake. It thence passes through two bays between Meredith and Gilford, entering the Great Bay in the N. E. part of Sanbornton. From thence it passes through two other bays, forming the boundary between Sanbornton on the N. W. and Gil- manton and Northfield S. E. ; and unites with the Pemigewasset a short distance below Webster's falls. The stream is rapid in its course, and has a fall of 232 feet from the lake to its junction with the other branch of the Merrimack : this name being given to the con- fluent stream. There are numer- ous bridges over the Winnepisiogee; which also furnishes many excel- lent privileges for factories or other machinery. Su Merrimack river. NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER 267 WiNNICtJT or WiNNICONETT, a tributary of the Pascataqua, rises in a swamp between Hampton and North-Hampton, and passes N. into the Great Bay at Greenland. WOLFEBOROUGH, pOSt-tOWn- ship, Strafford county, in lat. 43° 36', is about 105 miles from Bos- ton, 45 from Portsmouth, 45 from Concord. It is bounded S. E. by Brookfield and New-Durham, S.W. by Winnepisiogee lake and Alton, N. E. by Ossipee, N. W. by Tuf- tonborough, and contains 28,600 acres. The soil is rocky, but pro- ductive, and the face of the coun- try level. The wood is principally oak and other hard timber. Theon- ly river is Smith's, so called from a hunter of that name ; it issues from a large pond of the same name in the S. E. part of the town, and discharges its waters into the lake. There are four other ponds of con- siderable magnitude, called Crook- ed, Rust's, Barton's and Sargent's ponds. There is a bridge over Smith's river about 60 feet long, near its entrance into the lake Near this bridge is a pleasant vil lage. This town is divided into ten school districts, in which are kept good schools during a portion of the year. The academy in this town has funds to the amount of $5000 ; and is in a flourishing con- dition. Here are two meeting- houses, .a social library, several mills, &;c. The charter of Wolfe- borough was granted in 1770, to Gov. John Wentworth, Mark H. Wentworth and others. In the course of the year there were 30 families settled in the town. Gov. Wentworth, distinguished for his enterprize and taste, and a fond- ness for agricultural improvements, erected a splendid mansion about 5 miles east of the bridge, and made it his summer residence. After Gov. Wentworth left the country, the house fell into other hands, and was accidentally con- sumed by fire a fevi^ years since. Among the first settlers of this town were Benjamin Blake, James Lucas, JosepVi Lary, Ithamar Fullerton and others, from Pembroke. Rev. Ebenezer Allen, who graduated at Harvard college in 1771, was set- tled over a congregational church here Oct. 25, 1792. At the same time, Elder Isaac Townsend was settled over a freewill baptist soci- ety. Rev. Mr. Allen died in 1806, at the age of 60 ; since which time his church has been vacant. The freewill baptist church is also va- cant. At the foot of a hill, near one of the ponds in this town, is a min- eral spring, the waters of which are of a quality similar to those of Saratoga. Pop. 1794. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS, IN THE GENERAL VIEW. Page 11. James Atwood, who died in 1812, belonged to Hampstead. " 12. For Mrs. Cilley, who is said to have died in 1820, read Pat' Hence Sibley. ** *' For Tryphena Stiles, read Lydia Stiles. 268 NEWHAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. Page 12. Mrs. Bailey, [ Widow Hannah Bayley] of Chesterfield, died in Nov. 1822, aged 104 years and 3 months, as mentioned under Chesterfield, page 101. »• '• The venerahle Samuel WeJch, of Bow, died April 5, 1823, aged 112 years, 6 months and 23 days. " " To the living instances of longevity may he added Mrs. Copp and Mrs. Smart, of Sanbornton, each over 100 yre. " 20. In the 2d line, for excel, read exceed. " 50. Northwood has 8 school-houses and 2 bark mills. IN THE GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS. Bath. For Edinburg, read Ed- inburgh. Bow. This town was settled in 1727 by some of the proprietors, while most of the surrounding country, except Concord, remain- ed uncultivated for several years. Canterbury. [Richard] Blan- chard was killed, according to a memorandum of Rev. Mr. Walker, of Concord, June 11, 1746. Chesterfield. Rev. John Walker was installed as colleague with Rev. Abraham Wood, April 30, 1823. Dublin is in lat. 43° 54'. Dunstable. On page 122, 2d eol. line 14, for were, read was. Durham. Hon, Ebenezer Thompson was not a lawyer, but a physician ; and at different peri- ods of his life, a judge of the court of common pleas, and of the supe- rior court. Epping. In the 5th line 2d col. of page 129, erase the words " and representative." On the next page, read Rev. Samuel Shepard, vdio received the title of Dr. on account of his being a physician. Epsom. Hon. John M'Cl A r y of this town deserves respectful notice. He was a native of Ireland, and, at an early period of his life, came to this country. He was a useful and worthy man ;— a mem- ber of the committee of safety dur- ing the revolution, a justice of the peace throughout the state, one of the first senators chosen by the people under the newgoveinment,and from the senate was elected the first counsellor for the county of Rock- ingham under the new constitution. He died June 16, 1801, aged 82. Exeter. Where mention is made of Hon. Nathaniel Pea- body as being a " senator in 1792," it ought to be understood that he was a senator of the JV. H. legisla- ture, of which, in the house of representatives, he was speaker in 1793. FrAnconia. The altitude of the peak mentioned under this to^vA is put as we received it. Dr. George, who has visited it, esti- mates the height at 600 feet. GiLMANTON. " The Gilmanton Museum" was published in this town about 6 months in 1800, by Elijah Russell. It was followed about Sept. 1, the same year by the "Gilmanton Gazette & Farmers' Weekly Magazine," published by Leavitt & Clough. We have also seen a number of " The Miscella- neous Repository and Farm.ers' and Tradesman's Magazine," contain- ing 104 pages, published in Oilman- NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZET lEER. ton in 1805, by Dudley Leavitt, one of the editors of the last named paper, Hampstead. Hon. John Calfe was an inhabitant of this place, in- stead of a " native." He was born in Newbury, Ms., June 13, 1741. Rev. John Kelly was ordained Dec. 5, 1792. Hampton-Falls. Hon. Me- SHECH Weare was one of thfe most worthy and distinguished citi- zens of N,H. He was descended from ancestors who had been in public stations, from the first estab- lishment of the province. He him- self had been employed in public business about forty-five years. He was chosen speaker of the house in 1752; commissioner to the con- gress at Albany in 1754; after- wards one of the justices of the superior court, and in 1777, chief justice. From the declaration of independence to the conclusion of the war, he was invested at the same time, with the highest offices, legis- lative, judicial and executive. Un- der the new constitution, adopted in 1784, he was elected the first pres- ident ; but he resigned before the close of the year. He died, worn out with public services, Jan. 15, 1786. in the 73tl year of his age. President Weare received a liberal education, and graduated at Har- var« college in 1735. He was elected a fellow of the American academy of arts and sciences on the SOth of Jan. 1782, and his election was announced to him, by a letter from Rev. Dr. Willard, president of Harvard college. Rev. Sam- pel Langpon, D. D. passed the last 16 years of his life in this town. He was a native of Boston, gmduat- ed at Harvard college in 1740. He was a chaplain of the N. H. regi- rxient in the expedition against Louisbourg, and in consequence of' Z his services, his ''fatigues and dan- gers," received a grant of 1000 acres of land in this then province. He was afterwards ministfr of the first church in Portsmouth, from Feb. 4, 1747. In 1774, he was invited to the presidency of Harvard college, and was inducted into office, Oct. 14, 1774. He resigned Aug. 30,1780, and on the 18th Jan. 1781, was in- stalled at Hamoton-Falls, v/here Ijje died Nov. 29, 1797, aged 75. Hanover. A newspaper, be- sides those mentioned, called "The American," was published in this town by David Watson, jun. It commenced Feb. 7, 181G; and was discontinued April 2, 1817. Hillsborough. For Lyon pond, read Loon pund. In Hillsborough, there is an academy in operation, which v/as incorporated June 29, 1821. Rev. Stephen Chapin was dismissed May 10, 1808. HoPKiNTOisr. This town was granted Jan. 16. 1736. Rev. Elijah Fletcher was ordained Jan. 27,1773. Jefferson. In the lOih line from the bottom, 1st col. read Mark H. Wentworth. Keene. The " Rising Sun" commenced in Aug. 1795, instead of 1799. Kensington. Rev. Jos&pliA. E.Long,^ Congregation ALiST, was ordained June 5, 1822. Lancaster. Rev. Joseph Willard was dismissed in 1822. LITCHFIELD. We are inform- ed by an obliging friend, that Rev. Samuel Cotton waa ordained Jan, 2, 1765. Londonderry. Rev. j^homas Thompson [Dr. Belknap says Al- exand,er : We follow Rev. Mr. Parker's century sermon.] died Sept. 22,1738. Nelsou. Rev. Gad JVeivell was ordained June 11, 1794. NEWiJfGTON'. The age of Re'v. 270 NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER. Mr. Adams is stated, on the au- thority of our correspondent, to be 95. Dr. Belknap says 93. New-Ipswich. Hon. Eben- EzerChamtney died Sept. 1810, aged 67. The late Jesse Apple- ton, D. D., President of Bowdoin «ollege, was a native of this town. He was son of Mr. Francis Apple- ton, a descendant of John Appleton, Esq. of Waldingfield, in Suffolk, England, who died in 1436. Dr. A. was born Nov. 17, 1772; died at Brunswick, Nov. 12, 1819. He was one of the greatest theologians which N. H. has produced. NEw-LoNDO?f. There have been some alterations of the limits of this town since the survey was made. We are informed by Mr. Colby, that the superficial content is but 14,000 acres. New-Market. Winthrop Hilton, of this town, an active and useful officer of the militia, was killed by the fall of a tree in Northwood, Jan. 11, 1775. Mr. Hilton was descended from the first Edward Hilton, who came froKi London to N. H., in 1623, and .settled at Dover ; afterwards re- moved to Exeter, where h& died in 1671. Four of bis sons, Edward, William, Samuel and Charles, were his administrators. Edward, prob- ably his oldest son, married into the family of Gov. Thomas Dud- ley. He died in 1699, leaving three sons, Winthrop, Dudley and Joseph, and four daughters. Win throp was born about 1671 ; was a man of great worth and respecta- bility. [See a memoir of him in Hist. Coll. for 1822, page 241— 251.] He was killed by the Indians, June 23, 1710. Winthrop, a post- humous, and his only son, \va.s born Dec. 21, 1710. He was father to Winthrop at the head of this article. Another son^vas Ichabod, who died m Murch, 1822, aged 82. Northwood. Rev. Eliphalet Merrill was ordained Oct. 31, 1804. Pembroke. For "and on the Soucook," read and on it, [the Suncook.] Richard Bartlett, Esq. was an eminent physician in this town and several years its rep- esentative in the N. H. legisla- ture. He was a descendant from John Bartlett, the great ancestor of the respectable name of Bartlett in N. H. and Mass., and was of the same lineage with Gov. Bart- lett. He was born March 23, 1743 ; died Aug. 5, 1805, aged 62. PliAlNFlELD. The ministers, though arranged as furnished us by the late Mr. Read, are not placed correctly. Of the 2d church, (Me- riden parish) there hav^ been three pastors, viz. Rev. Siloam Short, Rev. David Dickinson, and Rev. Dana C'layes, who were set- tled at the tinaes mentioned. Raymond. This town was orig- inally that part of Chester called Frcetovm ; " Charmingfare" be- ing the former name of Candia. RiNDGE. Rev. SethPayson, was Vice-President, not President, of the N. H. bible society. He was a senator in the legislature of N. H. in 1802 and 1803. Sandwich. Tliis township, granted originally to Nicholas Gil- man, J. T. Gilman, and others of Exeter, was settled in 1768, by Daniel Beede, John Prescott, Da- vid Bean, Jeremiah Page, Richard Sinclair and others. Rev. Jacob Jewett was settled about 1780 over a baptist society here ; left the town in 1806; returned again in 1812 ; and died a few years since. Walpole. The congregation- al church was formed June 10, 1761, at which time Rev. Jonathan Leavitt, who graduated at Yale col- lege iii 1758, was ordained He was dismissed in June, 1763. ajiflentilp. PoprLATioN of the several towns in the state of New-Hampshire, in 1775, 1790, 1800, 1810, and 1820. [Those having a o annexed, are post-toAvns ; and their number denotes the number of post-offiees.] TOWNS. Population. __. Present JVame. Former JVame. nib 1790|1800 1810|1820 Acworth 704 1376 152S 1479 Adams 180 244 363 Alexandria 137 298 303 409 707 Allenstown 149 254 315 346 433 Alstead o Newtown 317 1111 1666 1694 1611 Alton o New-Durham Gore 100 445 721 1279 2058 Amherst ° Souhegan-West 1428 2369 1470 1554 1622 Andover ° New-Breton 179 645 1133 1259 1642 Antrim ° Society Land 528 1059 1277 1330 Atkinson Part of Haverhill 575 479 474 556 563 Barnstead ° 262 807 1161 1477 1805 Barrington o 1655 2470 2773 3564 1610 Bartlett «> 248 548 436 511 Bath o 144 498 825 1316 1498 Bedford o Souhegan-East 495 898 1182 1296 1375 Bethlehem 171 422 467 Boscawen ° Contoocook 585 1108 1414 1829 2113 Bow 350 668 719 729 935 Bradford ° New-Bradford 217 740 1034 1318 Brentwood Part of Exeter 1100 976 899 905 892 Bretton-Woods 18 12 19 Bridgewater asi 664 1104 727 Bristol o Part of Bridgewater 675 Brookfield 504 657 690 Brookline Raby 338 454 538 592 Burton 141 264 194 209 Cambridge Campton o 190 395 635 873 1047 Canaan ° 67 483 835 1094 1198 Candia ° Charmingfare 744 1040 1186 1290 1273 Canterbury ° 723 1038 1114 1526 1696 Centre-Harbor o 263 349 486 Chatham 58 183 201 298 Charlestown ° Number 4 594 1093 1364 1501 1702 Chester ° Cheshire 1599 1902 2046 2030 2202 Chesterfield <=> Number 1 874 1905 2161 1839 2110 Chicheste* <5 418 491 775 951 1010 Clareraont ® 523 1435 1889 2094 2290 272 APPENDIX. TOWNS. 1 Population. Present JVame. Former JVame. 1775|1790 1800|1810|1820j Ck)lebi-ook ° Colbume 4 29 160 3251 469 Columbia ° Cockburne 14 26 109 142 2491 COiVCORDO Penacook. Rumford 1052 1747 2052 2393 28381 Concord ° Gunthwaite 47 313 663 1126 1126 Conway o Pequawkett 273 574 705 1080 1365 Cornish ° 309 982 1268 1606 1701 Coventry 88 69 162 315 Croydon 143 537 984 864 1060 Dal ton o Apihorp 50 14 62 235 347 D anbury 111 165 345 467 Deerfieldoo 929 1619 1878 1851 2133 Deering o « Society Land 928 1244 1363 1415 Dixville 12 2 Dorchester Part of Nottingham 175 349 537 584 Dover ° Cocheco. Northam 1666 1998 2062 2228 2871 Dublin Monadnock, No. 2 305 901 1188 1184 1620 Dummer 7 27 Dunbarton o Starks-Tovvn 497 917 1222 1256 1450 Durhajii o Oyster River 1214 1247 1126 1449 1538 Dunstable o 705 632 862 1049 1142 Durand 62 78 East Kingston Part of Kingston 428 358 392 442 443 Eaton ° 253 381 535 1071 Effingham o Leavitt's Town 83 154 451 876 1368 Ellsworth Treeothick 47 142 213 Enfield o Relhan 50 724 1121 1291 1370 Epping o Part of Exeter 1569 1233 1121 1182 1158 Epsom ° 387 799 1034 1156 1336 Errol 38 26 Exfter o Swamfcot-FaJls 1741 1722 1727 1759 2114 Farmington o Part of Rochester 1029 1272 1716 Fishersfield o 130 331 526 563 874 Fitzwilliara.o Monadnock, No. 4 1038 1240 1301 U67 France stown o 200 982 1855 1451 1479 Fraaconia° Morristown 29 72 129 358 373 Gilford o Part of GilmantOH 1!T16 GilmanioHO<=°o 775 2613 3752 4338 3752 Gilsum Boyle 178 298 484 513 601 Goffstovrn o 831 1275 1612 2000 2173 Goshen <* 383 563 68? Gosport Appledore 44 93 85 72 66 Grafton 403 682 931 1094 Grantham New^-Granlham 74 333 713 864 1032 Greenfield ° 934 980 974 GreenLand « Part of PortsmoutJi 759 634 548 592 634 jGroton 'Cocker mouth 118 373 391 549 686 APPEISDIX. 273 TOWNS. j Populatio7i. j Present jXame. Forme r JVanie. j 1 7 7 5 } 1790|1800jl8101 1820 Hampstead ^ Timber-Lane, &c. [ 768 724 790 738 "^"51 Hampton ^ Winicumet 862 853 875 990 1098 Hampton-FaHs o ] Part of Hampton 645 541 519 570 572 Hanover o 434 1380J 1912 2135 2222 [Hancock ° 1 634 1120 1184 1178 Haverhill o Lower Cohos j 365 552 805 1105 1609 Hawke Part of Kingston 1 504 420 389 412 421 Hebron IJockermouth 281 563 572 Henniker° Number 6 367 1127 1476 1608 1900 Hillsborough ^ 'dumber 7 FortDummer New-Holderness 798 1311 1592 1982 Hinsdale o 522 634 740 890 Holderness ° 172 329 531 835 1160 Hollis o NissitJssit 1255 1441 1557 1529 1543 Hooksetto Isle of Hookset Hopkinton ° New-Hopkinton 1085 1715 2015 ■2216 2437 Jaffrey ° Monadnock, No. 3 351 1235 1341 1336 1339 Jefferson ° Dartmouth 112 197 252 Keene ° Upper Ashuelot 756 1314 1645 1646 1895 Kensington Part of Hampton 797 800 776 781 709 Kilkenny 18 28 24 Kingston ^ 961 906 785 746 847 Lancaster ° Upper Cohos 611 161 440 717 844 Landaff 40 292 461 650 769 Langdon ° 244 484 632 654 Lebanon ° 347 1180 1574 1808 1710 Leeo 95411029 978 1329 1224 Lempster ° Dupplin 128 415 729 854 950 Lime ° 252 816 1318 1670 1824 Lincoln 22 41 100 32 Litchfield Brent.on's Farm 284 357 372 382 465 Littleton o o Chiswick, &c. 96 381 873 1096 Londonderry ° Nutfield 2590 2622 2650 2766 •3127 Loudon o Part of Canterbury 349 1084 1279 1472 1694 Lyman i 202 534 948 1270 Lyndeborough ° Salem Canatla 733,1280 976 1074 1168 Madbiiry Part of Dover 6771 592 544 582 559 Manchester Hajry-Tov/n 285 362 557 615 761 Marlborough o Mdnadncck, No. 5 322! 786 1185 1142 766 Marlow ° 1 ^ 207,' 313 543 566 697 Mason Number 1 501 922 1179 1077 1313 Maynesborough Meredith oo New- Salem 259 881 1609 1940 2416 Merrimack o o Souhegan-East 606 819 926 1048 1162 Middleton 238 617 431 439 482 Milfordo Mile Slip, &c. 939 1117 1243 Milton Part of Rochester 11005 1232 Millsfield i 274 APPENDIX. TOWNS. Population. j Present JSTame. | Former JVame. 177511790 1800|1810 1820 Mont-Vernon Part of Amherst 680 762 729 Moultonborough ° 272 565 857 994 1279 Nelson ° Packersfield 186 721 977 1076 907 New-Boston ° Lane's New-Boston 569 1202 1491 1619 1686 New-Castle Great Island 449 534 524 592 932 New-Chester o 196 312 615 895 971 New-Durham ° 286 554 742 888 1168 New-Hampton ° ° Moultonborough Add. 652 1095 1293 1500 Newington 332 542 481 508 541 New-Ipswich ° Ipswich-Canada 960 1241 1266 1395 1278 New-London ° Dantzick 311 617 692 924 New-Market o Part of Exeter 1289 1137 1027 1061 1033 Newport '^ 157 780 1266 1427 167^ Newtown 540 530 450 454 477 Northfield Part of Canterbury 606 925 1057 1304 Nortii-Hampton ° Part of Hampton 652 657 653 651 764 Northumberland 57 117 205 281 205 Northwood ° Part of Nottingham 313 744 950 1095 1260 Nottingham ° 999 1068 964 1063 1126 Nottingham.- West o Part of Dunstable 649 1064 1267 1376 1227 Orange Cardigan 131 203 229 298 Orford 222 540 988 1265 1568 Ossipee ° New-Garden 26 339 1143 1330 1988 Paulsburgh 14 57 Peeling Fairfield 83 203 224 Pelham ° 749 791 918 998 1040 Pembroke ° guncook 744 956 982 1153 1256 Peterborough ° • 546 861 1333 1537 1500 Piercy 48 140 211 218 Piermont o 168 426 670 877'1016| Pittsfield o Part of Chichester 888 987 1050 1178 Plainfield ° 308 1024 1435 1463 1460 Plaistow Part of Haverhill 575 521 459 424 492 Plymouth «^ 382 625 743 937 983 Poplin <5 Part of Exeter 552 493 408 4621 453] Portsmouth «> Pascataquack 4590 4720 5339 6934 7327 Raymond <=■ Freetown 683 727 808 898 961 Richmond ° 864 1380 1390 1290 13911 Rindge ° Rowley-Canada 542 1143 1196 1226 1298 Rochester ° 1548 2857 2646 2118 2471 Roxbury 366 Rumney o 237 411 624 765 864 Rye Sandy Beach 870 865 890 1020 1127 Salem o Part of Methuen, Ms. 1084 1218 1077 1179 1311 Salisbury © o Stevens' Town 498 1372 1767 1913 2016 SanborntonO® 459 1587 2695 2834 3329 Sandown Part of KingstOH 459 561 501 504 527 APPENDIX. 275 TOWNS. Present JVarne. Former JVame. Population. 1775 1790|1800| 1810 1820 (Sandwich^ jSeabrook Sharon jShelburne iSociety-Land jSomersworth South Hampton I Springfield ° jStewartstown Stoddard ° iStrafford => I Stratford ° IStratham ° jSuccess Sullivan i Surry ° Sutton o Swanzey ° Tamworth ° ° Temple ° Thornton ° Tuftonborough Troy jUnity o 1 Wakefield o Walpole ° o lWarren° Warner ° Washington ° Weare ^ o Wendell Wentworth ° Westmoreland '^ Whirefield Wilmot Wilton o Winchester ° Windham o Windsor jWolfeborough ° Part of Hampton Part of Dove I Part of Hampton Protectworth Stewart Limerick Part of Barrington IWinnicot Perry 's-Town Lower Ashuelot Peterborough Slip East-town Bellows' Town New-Amesbury Camden Hale's Town Savilie Great Meadow Whitefields Kearsarge Arlington Part of Londonderry ICampbell's Gora 243 607 905 715 259 31 1771 319 965 943 4981 448 I 210 2241 701 4ll 146 1137 882 215 G47 151 491 146 320 6, ^262 163 837 65 756 220 448 520 1157 266 747 385 109 538 646 1245 206 863 545 1924 267 241 2018 1413 628 428 45 146 932 387 570 99 1148 281 890 488 569 878 1271 757 867 535 357 902 835 1743 336 1569 819 2517 355 488 2066 2232 446 176 199 878 427 614 186 2368 885 391 205 153 841 416 967 363 1132 1203 2144 632 1105 238 1209 529 663 120 2111 447 1010 1413 751 249 941 339 874 516 564 1328 1400 1134 941 794 709 1044 1166 1894 506 1838 820 2634 447 645 1937 51 298 1017 1478 742 238 1376 33 892 582 570 1573 1716 1442 752 857 1232 676 1277 1518 2020 544 2246 992 2781 603 807 2029 281 670 1070 1849 889 237 1 1794 RECAPITULATION BY COUNTIES. Rockingham Strafford Hillsboi'ougli Ciieshire Grafton Coos 1775 1790 18»0 1810 1820 37,463 43,169 45,427 50,175 55,246 12,513 23,742 32,878 41,595 51,117 15,986 32,871 43,899 49,249 53,884 10,252 28,77 r 38,325 40,988 45,376 3,597 12,42g 20,17i; 28,462 32,989 227 882 2,658 3,991 5,549 Total 180,033* jl41,885] 183,855 214,46012 14,161| * To this number ought to be added 2162, for Locations and Gores, not «"i (idcd ia the above aggregate, making the totai in 1775, 82,200. Seep. 27. 276 APPENDIX. j^Teivspajpers and other periodical journals^ fublislied in Ports- mouth, JV". H. NEWSPAPERS. J^ew- Hampshire Gazette and Historical C/irontcZ