E99 .17018 5k ■**„** ^ *£ » ■' „/ • < V 0" o. ^0 V ^ sr??r>-. ■» I. PAPERS RBLATINO TO Sroquois anb tijftt Itibiatt Gribtt. ieee-i7e3. E11 .noi« THE NINE IROQUOIS TRIBES. 1666. [Paris Loc.j I.] The Iroquois Nation consists of nine tribes, which form two divisions ; one of four tribes, and the other of five. They call the first division Guey-niotiteshesgue, which means the four tribes ; and the second division they call it Ouiche-nioti- teshesgue, which means the five tribes. The first is that of the Tortoise, which calls itself Atiniathin. It is the first, because they pretend, when the Master of Life made the Earth, that he placed it on a tortoise ; and when there are earthquakes, it is the tortoise that stirs. The second tribe is that of the Wolf, and calls itself Enantha- yonni, or Cahenhisenhonon, and brother of the Tortoise tribe. When there is question of war they deliberate together ; and if the affair is of great moment, they communicate it to the other tribes to deliberate together thereupon ; so of all the other tribes. They assemble in the hut of a war-chief when the question is of war, and in the hut of a council-chief when it is for ordinary matters of state. The third tribe is that of the Bear, which they call Atinion- guin. The fourth tribe is that of the Beaver, and brother to that of the Bear. These four tribes compose the first division, which they call Guey-niotiteshesgue. SECOND DIVISION. The fifth tribe is that of the Deer, which they name Canen- deshe. D THE IROQUOIS A>'D they fix their leg or rather foot, and this stake is closed by ano- ther tied together at a man's height. They place a man at each side who sleeps near them and who is careful to visit the pri- soners from time to time, during the night. When they have lost any men on the field of battle they paint the men with the legs in the air, and without heads and in the same number as they have lost ; and to denote the tribe to which they belonged, they paint the animal of the tribe of the deceased on its back, the paws in the air, and if it be the chief of the par- ty that is dead, the animal is without the head. If there be only wounded, they paint a broken gun which how- ever is connected with the stock, or even an arrow, and to de- note where they have been wounded, they paint the animal of the tribe to which the wounded belong with an arrow piercing the part in which the wound is located ; and if it be a gunshot they make the mark of the ball on the body of a different color. If they have sick, and are obliged to carry them, they paint litters (boyards) of the same number as the sick, because they carry only one on each litter. When they are thirty or forty leagues 1 from their village they send notice of their approach, and of what has happened them. Then every one prepares to receive the prisoners, when there are any, ami to torment each as they deem proper. Those who are condemned to be burnt are conveyed to the ca- bin which has been given them. All the warriors assemble in a v ..; cabin and afterwards send for them to make the:n sing, dance, and to torment them until they are carried to the stake. During this time two or three young men are preparing the stake, placing the fuel near and keep their guns loaded. When every thing is ready, he is brought and tied to the stake and finally burnt. When he is burnt up to the stomach they de- tach him, break all his fingers, raise the scalp which was left hanging behind by a small tongue of skin to the head. They put him to death in these agonies, after which each takes his morsel and proceeds to make merry. 1 Three or four miles— Colden. K l other indian tribes. 7 Explanation of the first Designs. A. This is a person returning from war who has taken a pri- soner, killed a man and a woman whose scalps hang from the end of a stick that he carries. B. The prisoner. C. Chichicois (or a gourd), which he holds in the hand. D. These are cords attached to his neck, arms and girdle. E. This is the scalp of a man, what is joined on one side is the scalp-lock. F. This is the scalp of a woman ; they paint it with the hair thin. G. Council of war between the tribe of the Bear and that of the Beaver; they are brothers. H. A Bear. I. A Beaver. L. Is a belt which he holds in his paws to avenge the death of some one and he is conferring about it with his brother, the Beaver. K. Council for affairs of state. M. The Bear. N. The Council fire. O. The Tortoise; so of the other tribes, each ranges at its own side. P. Canoe going to war. Q. Paddles. They know hereby how many men there are in the canoe, because they place as many paddles as there are men. Over these is painted the animal of the tribe to which they belong. R. The canoe. S. This is a man returning from hunting who has slept two nights on the hunting ground and killed three does; for when they are bucks, they add their antlers. What is on his back, is his bundle. T. Deer's head. This is the way they paint them. V. This is the manner they mark the time they have been hunting. Each mark or rather each bar is a day. Y. Fashion of painting the dead; the two first are men and the 8 THE IROQUOIS AND third is a woman who is distinguished only by the waistcloth that she has. As regards the dead, they inter them with all they have. When it is a man they paint red calumets, calumets of peace on the Tomb j some times they plant a stake on which they paint how often he has been in battle ; how many prisoners he has ta- ken ; the post ordinarily is only four or five feet high and much embellished. J'i: Portrait <> a Savage on ahoard in ■'/<< i which fhey ordinarily pain I how open To war. how many men hi haslahen OTHER INDIAN TRIBES. a a. These are the punctures on his body. b. This is the way they mark when they have been to war, and when there is a bar extending from one mark to the other, it signifies that after having been in battle, he did not come back to his village and that he returned with other parties whom he met or formed. c. This arrow, which is broken, denotes that they were wound- ed in this expedition. d. Thus they denote that the belts which they gave to raise a war party and to avenge the death of some one, belong to them or to some of the same tribe. e. He has gone back to fight without having entered his vil- lage. f. A man whom he killed on the field of battle who had a bow and arrows. g. These are two men whom he took prisoners, one of whom had a hatchet, and the other a gun in his hand. g. g. This is a woman who is designated only by a species of waistcloth. h. This is the way they distinguish her from the men. Such is the mode in which they draw their portraits. 10 THE IROQUOIS AND A. This is the manner they paint the tribe of the Potatoe and not as it is on the other plate. b. Is a stick set in the ground to the extremity of which two or three pieces of wood are attached, to denote the direction in which they went when they are hunting ; and on the nearest tree they paint the animal of the tribe to which they belong, with the numbers of guns they have ; that is to say if they are three men, they paint three guns, if they are more and there are some w r ho have a bow and no gun, they put down a bow. When they return from hunting and are near the village they do the same thing and add the number of beasts they have killed — that is to say, they paint the Deer, and the Stag from the head to the neck; if some are male they add antlers ; they paint the other animals entire ; if they are some days at the chase they mark the number as you see on the other plate. c. Club which they use to break the skull when they are at war. OTHER INDIAN TRIBES. 11 Stake to tie the prisoners. They place his leg between these two posts in the hollow of the larger — that is the two posts catch the leg above the ankle, and Ibey afterwards join one to the other and tie them at a man's height — some times higher, so that it is impossible to withdraw the foot without untying the cords. OBSERVATIONS OF WENTWORTH GREENHALGH, IN A JOURNEY FROM ALBANY TO Y e INDIANS, WESTWARD ; BEGUN MAY 20 th , 1677, AND ENDED JULY Y e 14 FOLLOWING. [Lond. Doc. III.] The Maquaes have four townes, vizt. Cahaniaga, Canagora, Canajorha, Tionondogue, besides one small village about 110 miles from Albany. Cahaniaga is double stockadoed round ; has four forts, [ports?] about four foot wide a piece, eonteyns about 24 houses, and is situate upon the edge of an hill, about a b'owshott from the river Canagora is only singly stockadoed ; has four ports like the former, eonteyns about 16 houses ; itt is situated upon a fflatt, a stone's throw from y e water side. Canajorha is also singly stockadoed, and the like man 1 " of ports and quantity of houses as Canagora ; the like situacon ; orily about two miles distant from the water. 12 THE IROQUOIS AND Tionondogue is double stockadoed around, has four ports, four foot wide a piece, contains ab* 30 houses ; is scituated on a hill a bow shott from y e River. The small village is without ffence, and conteyns about ten houses ; lyes close by the river side, on the north side, as do all the former. The Maquaes pass in all for about 300 fighting men. Their Corn grows close by the River side. Of the Situacon of the Oneydas and Onondagoes and their Strength. The Onyades have but one town, which lys about 130 miles westward of the Maques. Itt is situate about 20 miles from a small river which comes out of the hills to the southward, and runs into lake Teshiroque, and about 30 miles distant from the Maquaes river, which lyes to the northward ; the town is newly settled, double stockadoed, but little cleared ground, so thatt they are forced to send to the Onondagoes to buy corne ; The towne consists of about 100 houses. They are said to have about 200 fighting men, Their Corne grows round about the towne. The Onondagoes have butt one towne, butt itt is very large ; consisting of about 140 houses, nott fenced ; is situate upon a hill thatt is very large, the banke on each side extending itself att least two miles, all cleared land, whereon the corne is planted. They have likewise a small village about two miles beyond thatt, consisting of about 24 houses. They ly to the southward of y e west, about 36 miles from the Onyades. They plant aboundance of Corne, which they sell to the Onyades. The Onondagos are said to be about 350 fighting men. They ly about 15 miles from Tshiroqui. Of the Caiougos and Senecques, their Situacon and Strength, Sfc. The Caiougos have three townes about a mile distant from each other ; they are not stockadoed. They do in all consist of about 100 houses; they ly about 60 miles to the southward of y e Onondagos ; they intend the next spring to build all their houses together and stockade them ; they have abundance of Corne ; they OTHER INDIAN TRIBES. 13 ly within two or three miles of the lake Tichero. They pass for about 300 fighting men. The Senecques have four townes, vizt. Canagora, Tiotohatton, Canoenada and Keint-he. Canagora and Tiotohatton lye within 30 miles of y e Lake ffrontenacque, and y e other two ly about four or five miles apiece to y e Southward of those. They have abun- dance of Corne. None of their towns are stockadoed. Canagorah lyes on the top of a great hillj and in that, as well as in the bignesse, much like Onondago, contayning 150 houses, northwestward of Caiougo 72 miles. Here y e Indyans were very desirous to see us ride our horses, w ch wee did : they made great feasts and dancing, and invited us y l when all y e maides were to- gether, both wee and our Indyans might choose such as lyked us to ly with. Tiotohattan lyes on the brincke or edge of a hill ; has not much cleared ground ; is near the river Tiotehatton, w cU signifies bending. It lyes to Westward of Canagorah about 30 miles, containing about 120 houses, being y e largest of all the houses wee saw, y e ordinary being 50 @, 60 foot long with 12 @ 13 fires in one house. They have good store of corne, growing about a mile to the Noithward of the towne. Being at this place the 17 of June, there came 50 prisoners from the Southwest ward. They were of two nations, some where- of have few guns; the other none at all One nation is about 10 days journey from any Christians and trade onely with one greatt house, nott farr from the sea, and the other trade only, as they say, with a black people. This day of them was burnt two women, and a man and a child killed with a stone. Att night we heard a great noyse as if y e houses had all fallen, butt itt was onely y e Inhabitants driving away y' ghosts of y e murthered. The 18 th going to Canagorah, wee overtook y e prisoners ; when the soudiers saw us they stopped each his prisoner, and made him sing, and cutt off their fingers, and slasht their bodies w th a knife, and when they had sung each man confessed how many men in his time hee had killed. Thatt day att Canagorah, there were most cruelly burnt four men, four women and one boy. The cruelty lasted aboutt seven hours. When they were almost dead 14 THE IROQUOIS AND letting them loose to the mercy of y e boys, and taking the hearts of such as were dead to feast on. Canoenada lyes about four miles to y e Southward of Canagorah; conteynes about 30 houses, well furnished with Corne. Keint-he lyes aboutt four or five miles to y e Southward of Tie- tehatton ; contayns about 24 houses well furnished with come. The Se necques are counted to bee in all aboutt 1000 fighting men. The French call the Maques \ / Les Anniez Onyades J 1 Les Onoyauts Onondagos / \ Les Montagneurs & Onondago town ( By the 1 S name / La Montagne Caiougos ( ° f J Les Petuneurs Senecques \ J Les Paisans Cangaro J f St. Jaques Tiotehatton J 1 a Conception Note. — The above paper will be found also in Chalmers' Poli- tical Annals, in which, however, Greenhalgh's name is misspelt. That paper differs likewise in other respects from the MS. now followed. OTHER INDIAN TRIBES. 15 ENUMERATION OF THE INDIAN TRIBES CONNECTED WITH THE GOVERNMENT OF CANADA J THE WARRIORS AND ARMORIAL BEARINGS OF EACH NATION. 1736. [Paris Doc. VIII.] The Eskimaux, ) These Nations are be- The Micmacs, > low Quebec, and be- The Amaleates or rather the Maneus. ) yond my knowledge. At Quebec. The Hurons. - 1 Village 60 a 70 men bearing arms, 60 At the River St. John, near the English. The Abenakis. - - 1 Village called Panayamsket towards the mouth of said river. Warriors. 200 The Hbenakis at the head of said River. 1 Village called Narenteh-an. Warriors. - 150 Becancour. The Abenakis. 1 Village. Warriors. - 60 The 8benakis. At St. Francis. 1 Village. War. - 180 including those of Michikoui and those who migrate. The armorial bearings (Totums) of this Nation, which is divided into two sections, are the Pigeon (tourtre) and the Bear. There are besides some tribes who carry the Par- tridge, the Beaver and the Otter. At Three Rivers. See Montreal. The Algonquins. - fifteen men. - 15 665 16 THE IROQUOIS AND 665 The Tetes de Boule or Tribes of the Interior. These are wandering Savages who have no know- ledge either of the order or form of villages, and those who evince the least intellect (esprit); they inhabit the mountains and the lakes from Three Rivers, in the in- terior, to Lake Superior. Their armorial bearings (To- tums) are unknown, if they have any. Boston and Orange. The Loups (Mohegans) who understand the Sabena- kis and whom the Sabenakis understand are dispersed from Boston to Virginia, which is equal to from Lake Champlain to the head of Lake Erie — 300 leagues. This nation may be six hundred men, under British rule. No person could give me any information of their customs. This only by way of remark. Montreal. Algonquins. They are twenty men settled with the Iroquois of the Two Mountains ; this is all that remains of a nation the most war- like, most polished and the most attached to the French. They have for armorial bearings an Evergreen Oak (chdne vert.) 20 At the Lake of the Two Mountains. The Nepissingues. A part of this Tribe is incorpo- rated with the Iroquois. The remainder has its village at the lake of the same name. There are here fifty men bearing arms. ._.._- 50 The armorial bearings of this Nation are the Heron for the Achagu'e, or Heron tribe ; the Beaver for the Amekoves; the Birch for the Bark tribe (lafamille de VEcorce); Blood for the Miskouaha or the Bloody people. 735 OTHER INDIAN TRIBES. 17 735 Remark, Sir, if you please, that besides the bearings of the principal stocks to which I exclusively confine myself, leisure not permitting me to obtain thorough details, each tribe distinguishes itself by peculiar de- vices. The Iroquois who are masters of this village, amount to no more than sixty-three— I mean warriors. 60 At Sault Si. Louis. The Iroquois, who compose exclusively the village are nearly three hundred and three bearing arms. ______ 300 These two villages proceeding from the Iroquois of Lake Ontario, or Frontenac, have the same armorial devices. Three principal tribes carry the Wolf, the Bear and the Tortoise. Note. — Argent, to the Wolf gules, &c. They usually ornament them merely with charcoal. The Great River of the Outawas. At Lake Nepissingue there is one small village of thir- ty men, who bear a Squirrel, Atchitarrvs. 30 River and Lake Themiscaming. The Tabittibis are one hundred warriors. - - 100 They have for device an Eagle. At the mouth of the Themiscaming there are twenty warriors. - 20 At the head of the Lake twenty domiciled. 20 These savages are what are called Tetes de Boule, who amount to over six hundred in the Northern coun- try. ---_-_--- 600 I shall speak of them hereafter without reference to their numbers. At Missilimakinak The Outawas of this village amount to one hundred and eighty warriors; the two principal branches 1865 18 THE IROQUOIS AND 1865 are Kiskakous (1) and Sinago (2) ; the Bear (1) and Black Squirrel (2). - - 180 River Missisague. The Missisagues on the river number thirty men, and twenty men on the Island called Manitoua- tim of Lake Huron. - 50 And have for device, a Crane. Lake Superior — At the Mouth. At Sault St. Mary are the Sauteurs, to the number of thirty; they are in two divisions, and have for devices, the Crane and the Vine, {la Barbue.) ------ 30 North of this Lake is Michipicoton. The Papinakois and those of the interior; the first are twenty warriors, and have for device, a Hare. - 20 River Ounepigon. The Oskemanettigons are domiciled there to the num- ber of forty warriors. - 40 They have for device, the bird called the Fisher. The Monsonies, who are migratory, estimate them- selves two hundred men, and have for de- vice, the Moose. ----- 200 The Abettibis and the T tes de Boule come there also. Some have informed me that the first have for arms the Partridge with the Eagle. I have already stated that they are in all one hundred warriors. The Nameailinis have one hundred and fifty fit to bear arms. They have for device, a Sturgeon. 150 The tribes of the Savannas, one hundred and forty warriors strong, have for armorial device, a Hare. 140 2675 OTHER INDIAN TRIBES. 19 2675 Gamancttigoya. The Ouace are in number sixty men, and have for de- vice a Vine, [une Barbue). - - 60 Tecamamiouen, or Bainy Lake — {Lac de la Pluie.) These savages are the same as those who come to Ne- pigon. They are about this lake to the number of one hundred men. - - 100 Lake of the Woods — {Lac des Bois.) The Cristinaux are scattered hereabout, to the number of two hundred warriors. They have for device the Bustard, {POutarde.) - - 200 Lake Ounepigon. The Cristinaux are around this lake to the number of sixty men. - 60 Assenipoels. See Scioux. South of Lake Superior. Kionanan. In this quarter there are domiciled forty Sauteurs, who have for device the Crane and the Stag. ----- 40 The Sauteurs of Point Chagouamigon are one hundred and fifty warriors, ----- 150 The Scioux are at the head of this lake in the woods and along the lakes. Though scattered they are computed at three hundred men, - 300 The Scioux of the Prairies are, in the opinion of voya- geurs, over two thousand men, - - 2000 Their armorial devices are the Buffalo, the Black Dog, and the Otter. The Assenipoels, or Pouans according to others, can vie with the Scioux, from whom they formerly sprung. They number one hundred and fifty to the south of Lake Ounepigon, and 150 have for device, a Big; Stone or a Rock-. ' * 5735 20 THE IROQUOIS AND 5735 The Puans have withdrawn, since 172S, to the Scioux, to the number of eighty ; they have for armorial bearings, the Stag, the Polecat (Pichcux), the Tiger, - 80 The head of Lake Superior. The AyoSois are settled at the south of the River de Missouris, at the other side of the Missis- sippi. They are no more than eighty. They 80 have for device a Fox. Lake Michigan with its dependancies. The Folles Avoines, north of this lake, number one hundred and sixty warriors. The most con- 160 siderable tribes have for device, the Large tailed Bear, the Stag, a Kiliou — that is a species of Eagle (the most beautiful bird of this country,) — perched on a cross. In explanation of a cross forming the armorial bear- ings of the savages, it is stated that formerly a Chief of the Folles Avoines finding himself dangerously sick, consented, after trying the ordinary remedies, to see a Missionary, who, cross in hand, prayed to God for his recovery, and obtained it from his mercy. In gratitude for this benefit, the Chief desired that to his arms should be added a Cross on which the Kiliou has ever since been always perched. Poutesatamis. In 1728 there was a village of this name retired on an island to the number of 20 The Bay. At the head of this Lake is the sojourn, or rather the country of the Sakis. This na- tion could put under arms one hundred and fifty men. Others do not count but one 150 hundred and twenty. They have for de- vice, a Crab, a Wolf, and a She-Bear. 6205 OTHER INDIAN TRIBES. 21 6225 Fox River. Fox ri v'er discharges into this Lake. This nation now migratory, consists, when not separated, still of one m hundred men bearing arms, - 100 They have for device, a Fox. The Kickapous, formerly their allies, may be eighty men. They bear for device the Pheasant and the Otter, ----- go The Maskoutin has for armorial device the Wolf and the Stag. This nation is estimated at sixly men, ------- 60 River St. Joseph, south of Lake Michigan. The Potteaatamies, who call themselves the Governor's eldest sons, compose the village of St. Jo- seph, to the number of one hundred war- . riors, ------- 1Q0 The principal families have for device the Golden Carp, the Frog, ihe Crab, the Tor- toise. There are in the village about ten Miamis who bear in their arms, a Crane, - - 10 Eight Illinois Kaskakias are also included whose device is a feather of an arrow, t^'v^^^ notched ; ( X ) or two ar- rows supported one against the other in sal- tier (like a St. Andrew's cross.) These are the nations best known to us as well along the great river of the Outawas as north and south of Lakes Superior and Michigan. I propose now proceed- ing again from Montreal by way of the Lakes to Mis- silimakinak. From Montreal on the Lake route, I spoke of Sault St. Louis, on the first sheet. 6575 22 THE IROQUOIS AND 6575 Toniata. Some Iroquois, to the number of eight or ten men have retired to this quarter. Their device, is without doubt, like that of the village from which issue the Deer, the Plover, &c, as hereafter, ------ 10 Lake Ontario, or south of Frontenac. There are no more Iroquois settled. The Mississagues are dispersed along this lake, some at Kente, others at the River Toronto, and finally at the head of the Lake, to the num- ber of one hundred and fifty in all, and at Matchedach, 150 The principal tribe is that of the Crane. North of Lake Ontario. The Iroquois are in the interior and in five villages, about fifteen leagues from the Lake, on a pretty straight line, altho' one days journey distant from each other. This nation, though much diminished, is still powerful. South of Lake Frontenac. The Onondagoes number two hundred warriors. The device of the village is a Cabin on the top of a mountain, - 200 The Mohawks, towards New-England, not far from Orange (Albany) are eighty men, and have for device of the village a Battefeu [a Steel ] and a flint, - 80 The Oneidas, their neighbours, number one hundred men or a hundred warriors, - 100 This village has for device a Stone in a fork of a tree, or in a tree notched with some blows of an axe. 7115 OTHER INDIAN TRIBES. 23 7115 The Cayugas form a village of one hundred and twenty warriors. Their device generally is a very large Calumet, - 12C The Senecas form two villages in which are three hun- dred and fifty men. Their device is a big Mountain, - - - - - - 350 Besides the arms of each village, each tribe has its own, and every man has his particular mark to designate him. Thus the Oneida designates his village by a Stone [in] a fork — next he designates his tribe by the bird or animal, and finally he denotes himself by his punctures. See the designs which I had the honor to send you in 1732 by Father Francois, the Recollet. The five villages which belong to the same tribe, have for their arms in common, the Plover, to which I belong ; l the Bear, the Tortoise, the Eel, the Deer, the Beaver, the Potatoe, the Falcon, the Lark, and the Partridge. I doubt not but the other nations are as well distinguished, but our voyageurs, hav- ing little curiosity in these matters, have not been able to give me any information. The Tuscarorens have a village of two hundred and fifty men near the Onondagoes, who brought them along. I know not their hierogly- phics, - 250 The Iroquois have some cabins at the Portage, (Niagara, Lake Ontario.) 7835 1 M. de Jo.vcaire, the supposed author of this Report, is here thought to be alluded to. He was adopted at an early period by the Senecas, among whom he bad much influence. 24 THE IROQUOIS AND (835 200 Lake Erie and Dependancies, on the South Side. The Chaouanons towards Carolina, are two hundred men. ______ The Flatheads, Cherakis, Chicachas, Totiris, are in- cluded under the name of Flal heads by the Iroquois, who estimate them at over six thousand men, in more than thirty villages. 6,000 They have told me they had for device a Vessel, (un Vaisscau.) The Ontationoud, that is those who speak the language of men; so called by the Iroquois because they understand each other — may be fifty men. I am ignorant of them. - - 50 The Miamis have for device the Hind and the Crane. These are the two principal tribes. There is likewise that of the Bear. They are two hundred men, bearing arms. - - 200 The Ouyattanons, Peanguichias, Petikokias, are the same Nation, though in different villages. They can place under arms three hundred and fifty men. - 350 The devices of these savages are the Ser- pent, the Deer, and the Small Acorn. The Illinois, Metchigamias at Fort Chartres, number two hundred and fifty men. - - 250 The Kaskakias, six leagues below, have a village of one hundred warriors. - 100 The Peorias, at the Rock, are fifty men. - 50 TheKaokias, or Tamarois, can furnish two hundred men, 200 All those savages comprehended under the name of Illinois have, for device, the Crane, the Bear, the White Hind, the Fork, the Tortoise. River of the Missouris. The Missouris. The Okams or Kamse, the Sotos, and the Panis. 15235 OTHER INDIAN TRIBES. 25 15235 This only as a note, not knowing any thing of these Nations except the name. Lake Erie. — The Detroit. The Hurons at present are two hundred men, bearing arms. ______ They mark the Tortoise, the Bear and the Plover. The Pouteouatamis have a village there of one hundred and eighty men.* They bear for device the Golden Carp, the Frog, the Crab, the Tortoise. (See, South of Lake Michigan; River St. Joseph.) - The Outawas there have two villages, composed one of the tribe of Sinagos; the other of Kiska- kous, and may count two hundred warriors. They have the same devices as those of Missilimakinak; that is to say, the Bear and Black Squirrel. Lake St. Clair, which leads to Lake Huron. At the end of the Little Lake St. Clair, there is a small village of Mississagues, which numbers sixty men. - They have the same devices as the Missis- sagues of Manitouatin and of Lake Ontario; that is to say, a Crane. Lake Huron. I have spoken before of the Mississagues who are to the North of this Lake. I do not know, on the South side, but the Outawas, who have at Saguinan a village of eighty men, and for device the Bear and Squirrel. Less, * Note in Orig. Instead of 180, only 100 men must be counted. 200 180 200 60 80 15955 80 15S75 26 THE IROQUOIS AND Remark. All the Northern Nations have this in common; that a man who goes to war denotes himself as much by the device of his wife's tribe as by that of his own, and never marries a woman who carries a similar device to his. If time permitted, you would, Sir, have been better satisfied with my researches. 1 would have written to the Interpreters of the Posts, who would have furnished me with more certain information than that I could obtain from the Voyageurs whom I questioned. I am engaged at the history of the Scioux, which you have asked from Monsieur de Linerot. Missilimakinak. PRESENT STATE OF THE NORTHERN INDIANS IN THE DEPART 1 OF SIR WILLIAM JOHNSON BART., COMPREHENDED UNDER THE SIX NATIONS AND OTTAWA CONFEDERACIES, ETC., CON- TAINING THE NAMES, NUMBERS AND SCITUATION OF EACH NATION, WITH REMARKS. NOV. 18, 1763. [Lond. Doc. XXXVI.] SIX NATION CONFEDERACY. COMPREHENDING THAT OF CANADA, OHIO, &c. Names. Number of men. Scituation. Remarks. Mohocks, .... 160 250 Two villages on the Mo- hock river, with a few emigrants at Scohare about 16 miles from Fort Hunter. Of the Six Nations the Mohawks or Mohocks, Onondages and Sene- cas are considered as the chief and eider branches. The Onei- das, Cayugas and Tus- caroras are younger ; the last mentioned Nation having many years ago retired from the South, and were admitted into the con- federacy with the then Two villages, one 25 miles from Fort Stan- wix, the other twelve miles west of Oneida Lake, with emigrants in several places tow- ards the Susquehanna river. OTHER INDIAN TRIBES. 27 SIX NATION CONFEDERACY— Continued. Names. Tuscaroras, Onondagas, . . Numberl of men.\ Scituation. Cayugas, Senecas, Oswegachys, 140 150 200 1050 Nanticokes, Conoys Tutecoes Saponeys, ettc es, ^ V . ettc.. > SO 200 Caghnawagas, Canassadaga3, Arundacks Algonkins Abenaquis, . 300 150 100 One village 6 miles from the first Oneidas, and several others about the Susquehanna. One large village 6 miles from the lake of their name (which is the place of Congress for the confederates) with a smaller at some dis- tance. Remarks Five Nations, the On- eidas giving them land and they now enjoy all priviledges with the rest. One large village near the Lake of their name with several others from thence to the Susquehanna. Have several villages beginning about 50 m from Cayuga, and from thence to Chenussio, the largest about 70 m from Niagara, with others thence to the Ohio. Emigrants from the Six Nations chiefly Onon- dages settled at La Ga- leae on the river St. Lawrence. A people removed from the southward, and settled on and about the Susquehanna on lands allotted by the Six Nations. Of the Senecas, two vil- lages are still in our interest, vizt. Kanada- sero and Kanaderagey, the rest have joined the Western Nations. These are at peace with the English. These people are imme- diately under the di- rection of the Six Na- tions, and at peace with the English. INDIANS OF CANADA IN ALLIANCE WITH THE SIX NATIONS. Emigrants from the Mo- hocks, settled at Soult St. Louis near Mont- real, wi h emigrants at Aghquissasne, be- low la Galette which is the seat of a Mis- sion. These hree Nations now reside together, at the Lac du deux Mon- tagnesat the mouth of the Ottawa river near Montreal. Their village having been burned at St. Francis below Mont- All these Nations are in alliance with the Six Nations, and warmly attached to (he British Interest, as are all the other Indians in Cana- da. Caghnawaga is the seat of a Mission, as is the village of Lac du deux Montagues. These Indians are origi nally from New-Eng land : if they were all 2S THE IROQUOIS AND SIX NATION CONFEDERACY— continued. Names, Number of men Scituatinn. Remarks. real during the war, they have since lived scattered except a few Skaghquanoghronos, Hurons, 40 40 Reside at Trois Rivieres, they are originally Al- gonkins. Reside at Loretto near Quebec, a very civi- lized people. collected they would amount to more than is represented. They have likewise a Mis- sionary who is a Je- suit. (There are several oth. er Nations to the North- ward, who avoid any connection with the white people: and as they have no fixed resi- dence, their numbers, though considerable, cannot be ascertained.) INDIANS OF OHIO. Shawanese, . . Delawares, . . Wiandots, ettc. 300 600 200 Removed to the River) Sioto, anil other Bran- ches. [n several villages on and about the Susque- hanna, Muskingham, e'tc. and thence to Lake Erie. Some villages in the neighborhood of S.in- dosky Fort near Lake Erie. These people are great- ly influenced by the feenecas, and reside on land allotted them by the permission of the Six Nations. They are now at war with the English. Total 39(50 There sre also in the Six Nation Confederacy, many Indians, whose numbers cannot be comput- ed as they have no fixed residence. OTTAWA CONFEDERACY COMPREHENDING THE TWIGHTAYEES, ETTC. Names. Number f men. £50 150 Scituation. Remarks. Wyandots or Hurons, Reside opposite Detroit, their village is »he seat of a Jesuit Mission, their language bears affinity with that of the Six Nations. This Nation has a great influence over the rest, and has been greatly instigated by the neighboring French to commit acts of hosti- lity. Powfewatamts, . . in the neighbour- hood of Detroit, Resided about a mile be- low the For!, but aban- doned their village on the commencement of hostilities. RD 1.4 8 A\Q OTHER INDIAN TRIBES. 29 OTTAWA CONFEDERACY— continted. Number Names. of men. Scituation. Remarks. In die neighbourhood 2.)0 A Utile below the for!. of St Joseph. 3W Ottawas, . . . . Resided about Detroit, With these and theabove residing- in the but with the former, Indians are joined se- neighbourhood of form a flying camp. veral others, who form Detroit. a flying camp under Pondiac, an Ottawa 250 Chief. In the neighbourhood Resided indifferent vil- The Ottawas in the of Michilimakinac. lages, but are now pro- neighbourhood of Mi- bably with the former. chilimakinac are well Michilimakinac is the attached to us for the 150 seat of a Mission. most part. In the neighbourhood Resided at a small dis- of Fort St. Joseph, tance after the reduc- tion of the Fort pro- 320 bably joined the rest. Chipeweighs or Mis- Resided above the De- These are the most nu- sissagais: in the troit, now probably in merous of all the Ot- neighbourhood of arms with the rest. tawa Confederacy and Detroit. have many villages about Lakes Superior, Huron, Erie, ettc. In the neighbourhood 400 Had several different vil- of Michilimakinac lages in that country, whose numbers cannot and the environs of the at present be ascer- 110 Lake Huron. tained with exactness. Meynomenys . . . All these nations reside These nations are at pre- Folsavoins . . . . 110 on the west side of la sent in alliance with 360 Baye at Lake Michi- the Ottawa Confedera- 300 gan and in the neigh- cy,but appear inclined 320 borhood of the Fort to our interest, nor did there. they take the fort at La Baye, the officer abandoning it on the news of the rupture as he could make no de- 230 fence. MIAMIS OR T WIGHTWEES. Twightwees, . . . Near tha Fort on the The Twightwees were Miamis river. originally a very pow- erful people, who, hav- Kickapous . . . . 180 These nations reside in ing been subdued by 90 the neighbourhood of the Six Nations were Piankashaws . . 100 the Fort at Wawiagh- permitted to enjoy Wawiaghtonos . . 200 ta, and about the Wa- their possessions. lache river. There are manv tribes and villages of (hem, but these are all who are perfectly known. Ottawas, Residing thro' all ihe This is the most exact Chipeweighs, ettc. . 4000 extent of country from computation that can the Lakes to the Great be made of these nu- Ottawa River, and abt. merous people, who Lake Superior, ettc. are scattered through- 30 THE IROQUOIS AND OTHER INDIAN TRIBES. OTTAWA CONFEDERACY— continued. Number Names. of men. Scituation. Remarks. out the Northern Parts and who having- few places of fixed resi- ' dence, subsisting en- tirely by hunting, can- not be ascertained as those of their confede- racy, residing near the Illinois outposts. We have hitherto had Reside about the Illinois number uncertain. River and hence to the nothing to do with Mississippi. these people, who are numerous and various- ly computed. The Six Nations claim their country,but their right of conquest thereto does not appear so clear as to the rest, as represented in the let- Sioux ter herewith. The Sioux who are the Reside in the country number uncertain. westward of most numerous of the Northern Indians, are little known to us,they [One line cut off here in binding the original.] Mississipi, they are not appear well aflect- much addicted to wan- ed to the Western In- dering and live mostly dians, and promise to in camps. send Deputies to me in the spring. 8020 November 18 th , 1763. Wm. Johnson <^ 5 * • r ^ ,$ \>j / v ^ v*$? .0 °- V \* \* <\ A • « • •- ^ ^Sfe ^W :