ADAPTED TO THE QUESTIONS FOR djR: IMSHAW'S LIFE OF NAPOLEON. —m^Qo* PHILADELPHIA: PUBLISHED BY TO WAR & HOGAN, No. 255 MARKET ST., ^ tiK^STi) AND BOLP BY ALL THE BOOKSELLGES 15 THE UNITED STATES. 1829. /^ ^- ^s 14"^ ^ KEY ADAPTED TO THE QUESTIONS vos GRIMSKAW'S l-j LIFE OE NAPOLEON. JifiilatrrliJfiia: PUBLISHED BY TOWAR & HOGAN, No. 255 MARKET STREET AND SOLD BY ALL THE BOOKSELLERS m THE U. STATES. STEREOTYPED BY J. HOWE. Eastern District of Pennsylvania, to Wit : ****** BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the fifth day of June, in *L. S.* the fifty -third year of the independence of the United States of ****** America, A. D. 1829, William Grimshaw, of the said district, has deposited in this office the title of a Book, the right whereof he claims as author, in the words following, to wit : " Key adapted to the Questions for Grimshaw's Life of Napoleon." In conformity to the Act of the Congress of the United States, enti- tled, " An Act for the encouragement of Learning, by securing the copies of Maps, Charts, and Books, to the Authors and Proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned." And also to the Act enti- tled, " An Act supplementary to an Act, entitled ' An Act for the En- couragement of Learning, by securing the copies of Maps, Charts, and Books, to the Authors and Proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned,' and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of de- BJgning, engraving, and etching, historical and other Prints." D. CALDWELL, Clerk of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. ^ i*-^ ^^. KET. ^n^Thejigures in the first column denote the number of the Answer^ corresponding with the Question ; those in the second^ refer to the page of the History, from which the Answer is to be framed. CHAPTER I. A. P. 1. 9. On the fifteenth day of August, 1769, 2. 9. Ajaccio, in the island of Corsica. 3. 9. In the archives of Treviso. 4. 9. On several houses in Florence, 5. 9. Charles Buonaparte. 6. 9. At Pisa. 7. 9. The lav^r. 8. 9. Letitia Ramolini. 9. 9. Thirteen. 10. 9. Five sons and three daughters, 11. 9. Joseph, Napoleon, Lucien, Louis, and Jerome. 12. 9. Maria Anne, Maria Paulina, and Caroline, 13. 10. At Montpelier. 14. 10. An ulcer in the stomach. 15. 10. In 1783. 16. 10. The count de Marbceuf. 17. 10. Ten. 18. 10. Mathematics. 19. 10. M. Pichegru, and Father Patjrault 20. 11. Fortification, and all the other branches of military science and tactics. 21. 15. The principal school of Paris. 22. 15. In the month of October, 1783. 23. 15. The parties of the celebrated abbe RaynaL 24. 16. Seventeen. A. P. 25. 16 26. 16, 27. 16. 28. 16, 29. 16. 30. 16. 31. 16. A regiment of artillery, quartered at Valence* They were handsome and intelligent. It was active and neat, though slight. In 1792. That it brought out from his retirement, the celebrated general Paoli. They were dissimilar to those which un- happily began then to prevail in France. That species which is the protector, and not the destroyer, of property ; and which confers practical happiness, instead of aiming at imaginary perfection. The side of the convention The civil war of his native land. As a partisan of the convention. A decree of banishment from the island. First at Nice, and afterwards at Marseilles. The protection of Lucien and Napoleon. When just entering his twenty-fifth year. Napoleon. Yes : he received a bayonet- wound, in the thigh. CHAPTER II. 41. 18. On the first day of February, 1793. 42. 18. To support the Dutch. 43. 18. The command of the duke of York. 44. 18. General Miranda. 45. 19. The prince of Hesse. 46. 19. General Clairfait. 47. 19. Tiie first of March. 48. 19. The archduke Charles. 49. 19. The prince of Saxe-Cobourg. 50. 19. At Neerwinden. 32. 16 33. 16 34. 16. 35. 17. 36. 17, 37. 17. 38. 17. 39. 17. 40. 17, A. p. 51. 19. Dumourier. 52. 19. Louvain. 53. 19. Yes. 54. 19. He concluded an armistice. 55. 19. He declared his intention of marching to Parisj against the Jacobins, and re-es- tablishing a constitutional monarchy in France. 56. 19. He proposed to them the restoration of monarchy, in the person of the dauphin ; and that they should turn their arms against their country. 57. 19. No : they considered it their duty to disobey. 58. 19. On the fourth of April, conceiving himself in the utmost danger, he escaped from his indignant soldiers, through a discharge of ^ musketry ; and in the evening had an in- terview with an Austrian officer, colonel Mack. 59. 20, In England. 60. 20. In the year 1823. 61. 20. In his eighty-fifth year. 62. 20. General Dampiere. 63. 20. General La Marche. 64. 20. Marat, and his colleague RobespierrCo 65. 20. Marat, and his atrocious colleagues. 66. 21. Couthon. 67. 21. Charlotte Corday. 68. 21. St. Saturnin, in Normandy. 69. 21. She was in her twenty -fifth year. 70. 21. The fourteenth of July. 71. 21. Brissot, and some others of the proscribed members. 72. 21. The southern. 73. 22. Lyons. 74. 22, Monarchy and aristocracy. A2 77. 22, 78. 22, 79. 22, 80. 22. 81. 22. 82. 22. 83. 22. 84. 22. 6 A. P. 75. 22. Because the inhabitants were engaged chiefly in the manufacture of silk. 76. 22. Marseilles and Toulon, together with the whole department of the Gironde. Louvert. They were executed, at Bourdeaux. They put an end to their existence, and were found dead in a field of corn. He was arrested, and escaped the guillotine by poison. In a transport of indignation, he stabbed himself before the court. He was found dead on the high road. Madame Roland. "Ah, Liberty! what crimes are committed in thy name !" 85. 22. Brissot, Sillery, Fauchet, Carra, the gen- erals Custine and Luckner, with about twenty other victims of the bloodthirsty Robespierre. 86. 23. Lavoisier. 87. 23. He had long been employed in an important philosophical experiment, and requested only the short respite of a fortnight, to complete it ; but his prayer was not granted. The duke of Orleans. Aspiring to the throne. Nearly every state of Europe. Switzerland, Sweden,Denmark,and Turkey. The British and Hanoverian. Valenciennes. The duke of York. On the twenty-sixth of July. Wurmser. Dunkirk. No: on the sixth of September, he was 88. 23. 89. 23. 90. 23. 91. 23. 92. 23. 93. 23. 94. 23. 95. 23. 96. 23. 97. 23. 98. 23. 99. 23, 100. 23, 101. 24, A. P. obliged to retire precipitately from before its walls. General Houchard. Jourdan. He attacked the allies, with so much skill and decision, as to compel the prince of Cobourg, after suffering immense loss, to abandon his position. Ostend. In repelling the attempts of the insurgents, ' in La Vendee, Between the Loire and the Charente. The territory which had been called, under the ancient government, the province of Poictou. General Wimp sen. The English ministers. The earl of Moira. General Hoche. More than two- hundred. Cartaux. General Doppet. Collot d'Herbois. When a player, they had hissed him, for hia wretched acting. At least three-hundred-thousand. One-third, One-hundred-and-tifty-thousand. From the foundation of the republic, on the twenty-second of September, 1792. 26. The sabbatical week, and with it the ob- servation of a seventh day. 26. The tenth. 26. They were all either closed or demolished. 2&. It denied the existence of a God ; and de- clared death to be the commencement of an everlasting sleep.. 102, 24, 103. 24, 104. 24, 105. 24, 106. 24. 107. 24. 108. 24, 109. 25. 110. 25. 111. 25. 112. 25. 113. 25. 114. 25. 115. 25. 116. 25. 117. 25. 118. 26. 8 A. P. 123. 26. Dugomier, aided by many other able tac- ticians ; particularly La Borde, Duroc, and Napoleon Buonaparte. 124. 26. On the eighteenth of September. 125. 26. Sir Sydney Smith. 126. 27. Nine ships of the line, and three frigates. 127. 27. Ten. »@0« CHAPTER III. 128. 27. Three deputies from the island of St. Do- mingo. 129. 27. One of them was a negro; the other two were mulattoes. 130. 27. That slavery should be abolished in the French colonies. 131. 27. A contest between the Jacobins and Cor- deliers. 132. 27. The division called the Mountain. 133. 28. Power. 134. 28. The elevated seats which they occupied, in that part of the chamber farthest from the presidents chair. 135. 28. Like the Jacobins; from a monastery, in which they used to meet, formerly in- habited by a fraternity of monks, of that name, (in a note.) 136. 28. Hebert. 1 37. 28. The wildest theories, and anti-religious doc- trines. 138. 28. The term sans-culotte. 1 39. 28. He renounced the profession of atheism, and obtained a solemn decree, in the conven- tion, recognising the existence of a God. 140. 28. Hebert, Anacharsis Cloots, and seventeen others. A. P. 141. 29. 142. 29. 143. 29. 144. 30. 145. 30. 146. 30. 147. 30. 148. 30. 149. 30. 9 It was the signal for throwing off the hideous masquerade of sans-culotism. His coadjutors on the Mountain. Danton, Camille Desmoulins, Fabre d'Eg- lantine, Herault, PhiHppaux, and Lacroix. Some plays, which possess merit. The new calendar. Malesherbes, and baron Trenck. His defence of Louis, upon his trial. Thomas Paine. He had been seized with a fever, and his execution was suspended, until he should be restored to health. 150. 30. They resolved to prevent their own death, by the destruction of the tyrant Robes- pierre. Robespierre, St. Just, Couthon, Henriot, and their adherents. Robespierre, and the two other triumvirs, together with twenty-three more of his associates in crime, were sentenced to death. On the twenty-eighth of July. He was a monster, who, in cruelty, surpass- ed all the tyrants both of ancient and modern times. 155. 31. "Here lies Robespierre — let no tear be shed : Reader, if he had lived, thou hadst been dead." 156. 31. Thirty-five. 157. 32. Carriere, Foquiere de Tinville, the public accuser, together with fourteen of their atrocious colleagues. 158. 32. Barrere, Collot d'Herbois, and Billaud de Varennes. 159. 32. Seven-hundred-and-eighty-thousand. 160. 33. Pichegru. 161. 33. The emperor, Francis II. 151. 30. 152. 31. 153. 31. 154. 31. 10 A. P. 162. 33. The duke of York. 1 63. 33. The Austrian Netherlands, the Seven United Provinces of the Dutch, and a consider- able part of Germany, on the western side of the Rhine. 164. 33. The battles of Arlon and Fleurus. 165. 34. The former, on the thirteenth of March, an- nounced his secession from the grand al- liance ; and before the summer had far advanced, the latter withdrew from the army, in utter despair of success. 166. 34. The duke of York, also, despaired of gain- ing the expected laurels from the furious soldiers of the republic ; and, on the sixth of December, embarked for England. 167. 34. General Dundas. 168. 34. The nineteenth of May. 169. 34. Admiral Hood. 170. 36. Lord Howe. 171. 36. M. Villaret 172. 36. Twenty-six. 173. 35. Twenty-five. 174. 36. The British. 175. 36. After his fall, moderation, with little excep- tion, characterized the measures of the convention. 176. 36. James Monroe, ambassador from the United States of America. 177. 37. A citizen of France. 178. 37. In conveying intelligence of the capture of Quesnoy, to Paris. 179. 37. After the surrender of Rotterdam, Amster dam, and the Hague, he saved himself from capture, by a precipitate flight. 180. 37. England. 181. 37. His eldest son. 182. 37. On the nineteenth of January, 1795. 183. 37. Batavia. 11 A. p. 184. 37. Carnot. 185. 37. Besides the Seven United Provinces of Hol- land, and the nine provinces forming the Austrian Netherlands, there had yielded, to the republican forces, two principali- ties, two bishoprics, three duchies, five electorates, and also the greater part of the rich Spanish provinces of Biscay and Catalonia. 186. 37. The victories, including eight pitched bat- tles, were twenty-seven. 187. 37. One-hundred-and-twenty. 188. 37. Eighty-four-thousand. 189. 37. Ninety-one-thousand. 190. 37. One-hundred-and-sixteen. 191. 37. Two-hundred-and-thirty. 192. 37. Sixty. 193. 37. Three-thousand-eight-hundred cannon, and seventy-thousand muskets. 194. 37. No. 195. 38. Admiral Martin. 196. 38. Fifteen. 197. 38. Admiral Hotham. 198. 38. The English. 199. 38. Lord Bridport. 200. 38. Twelve ships of the line, and nine frigates. 201. 38. Fourteen of the line, and eight frigates. 202. 38. The French were defeated, with the loss of three ships of the line. 203. 38. Her subsequent good fortune, near home. 204. 38. The king of Spain. 205. 38. On the twenty-second of July. 206. 38. An acknowledgment of the French repubHc. 207. 38. The Spanish portion of the island of St. Domingo. 208. 38. A treaty, at the same place, with the king of Prussia ; and also with the prince of 210. 38, 211. 38, 212. 39, 213. 39, 214. 39. 215. 40, 216. 40. 217. 40. 218. 40. 12 A. P. Hesse-Cassel, the elector of Saxony, and the king of England. 209. 38. As elector of Hanover. CHAPTER IV. General Pichegru. General Hoche. The marquis of Puissaye. Quiberon. General Hoche. The Council of Five-Hundred, and the Council of Elders. Tv^^o-hundred-and-fifty. Five. Moderate qualifications, as to the property required to be possessed by the electors. 219. 40. They w^ere required to be thirty years of age. They had completed their fortieth year. The council of five-hundred. The council of elders. They were to exercise the office of presi- dent, each in succession, for the space of three months. The fifth of October. General Buonaparte. Lareveillere Lepaux, Sieyes, Rewbell, Le- tourneur, and Barras. Carnot. In the formation of central schools ; and also in the foundation of the National In- stitute. 229. 42. Volney, Raynal, La Place, Bertholet, and Fourcroy ; Marmontel, and the abbe de St. Pierre. 220. 40. 221. 40. 222. 40, 223. 40. 224. 41, 225. 41. 226. 42. 227. 42. 228. 52. 13 A. p. 230. 42. The Ruins of Empires, 231. 42. History. 232. 42. Chemistry. 233. 42. As a dramatic writer, and author of the Contes Moraux, or Moral Tales. 234. 42. The affecting story of Paul and Virginia, and other interesting tales. 235. 42. Jourdan, Pichegru, and Moreau. 236. 43. By a suspension of arms for three months. 237. 43. The Cape of Good Hope. CHAPTER V. 238. 44. In the beginning of April. 239. 44. The conquest of Italy. 240. 44. General Buonaparte. 241. 44. He had not yet completed his twenty-sixth year. 242. 44. Josephine, the widow of general Beauhar- nois. 243. 44. About thirty-thousand men. 244. 44. Augereau and Massena ; Serrurier, Joubert, and Lasnes; Murat, Berthier, and An- dreossi. 245. 44. Beauheu. 246. 44. Much superior. 247. 45. At Monte-Notte. 248. 45. Massena. 249. 45. The French. 250. 45. Augereau. 251. 45. Victor Amadeus, king of Sardinia. 252. 45. The dukes of Parma and Modena. 253. 46. On condition of their paying ten millions of livres ; of contributing, to the national museum of France, a certain number of the most celebrated paintings ; and B 14 A. P sending ambassadors to Pairis, to sue for peace. 254. 46. The eleventh of May. 255. 46. General Buonaparte. 256. 46. General Beaulieu. 257. 47. The French. 258. 47. Milan. 259. 47. All Lombardy. 260. 47. Leghorn. 261. 47. The territory of the pope. 262. 48. The king of Sicily and Naples. 263. 48. That they should withdraw their troops from the coalition, and their ships from the English squadron in the Mediterra- nean. 264. 48. To renounce his connexion with the allied powers, and shut his ports against them ; to pay twenty-one-millions of livres, inde- pendent of the contributions to be levied upon the cities ; and to deliver a hundred pictures, busts, or statues, at the option of commissioners, to be sent to Rome, for their selection. 265. 48. Wurmser. 266. 48. The Austrian commander was weakened by the death, wounds, or capture, of twenty- thousand men. 267. 48. AtPrimocalo,Covolo,Cismone,andBassano. 268. 48. Mantua. 269. 48. Three. 270. 49. Corsica. 271. 49. Alvinzi. 272. 49. No. 273. 49. The battles of Areola and Rivoh. 274. 50. From the sixteenth to the eighteenth of November. 275. 50. The fourteenth of January, (1797.) 15 A. P. 276. 52. The thirty-first of May, (1796.) 277. 52. Jourdan and Moreau. 278. 52. The mountainous and rocky defiles of the Black Forest. 279. 52. The archduke Charles. 280. 52. The emperor of Germany. 281. 52. He was the most active and fortunate of the Austrian commanders. 282. 52. It has ever since been regarded as one of the most masterly exhibitions of military skill, that occurred during the revolution- ary war. 283. 53. It terminated, in December, by the surren^ der of Khel, to the archduke Charles. Ireland. The fifteenth of December Admiral Villaret. General Hoche. A storm. During the course of this year, it had been almost annihilated, by the English cruis- ers. 290. 54. Because she had seized the greater part of the Dutch colonies. 291. 54. Spain. 292. 54. Catherine II. of Russia. 293. 54. On the sixth of November. 294. 54. On the second of February, in the year 1797. 295. 55. Fourteen pitched battles, and fifty-six minor engagements. 296. 55, More than one-hundred-thousand. 297. 55. Five-hundred field-pieces, and two-thousand cannon of a larger size. 298. 55. By contributions levied pn the conquered provinces. 299. 55. He had beaten three comnt^anders, and de^ stroyed five armies. 284. 53. 285. 53. 286. 53. 287. 53. 288. 53. 289. 54. 16 A. P. 300. 55. The archduke Charles. 301. 55. Yes. 302. 55, It rendered the French masters of all the Austrian possessions, from the Alps to the Adriatic sea. 303. 55. Fiume and Trieste. 304. 57. Vienna. 305. 57. Listening, at length, to the voice of his peo- ple, the emperor resolved to open a treaty of peace. 306. 5-7. Leoben. 307. 57. At Campo-Formio. 308. 57. On the seventeenth of October. 309. 57. All his right and title to the Austrian Neth- erlands. 310. 57. The Cisalpine. 311. 57. The twentieth of November. CHAPTER VI. 312. 58. The continental enemies of the republic,, lay prostrate at her feet. 313. 58. Great Britain. 314. 58. A fleet, under sir John Jervis, was appoint- ed to blockade the port of Cadiz ; while admiral Duncan was stationed off the coast of Holland, to observe the motions of the Dutch fleet. 315. 58. Cape St. Vincent. 316. 58. The fourteenth of February, 1797. 317. 58. Fifteen. 318. 58. Twenty-seven. 319. 58. The English. 320. 58. Oif Camperdown. 321. 58. The eleventh of October. 322. 58. Sixteen sail of the line, and two frigates. n 323. 59. It consisted of an equal number of ships of the hne, but of much inferior size, ac- companied by ten smaller vessels, 324. 59. The English. 325. 59. TeneritTe. 326. 59. Admiral Nelson. 327. 59. A charge, made by the former against the latter, of conspiring to overturn the gov-, ernment, and place Louis XVIII. upon the throne. 328. 59. Talleyrand. 329. 60. The complete destruction of their opponents. 330. 60. General Augereau., 331. 60. Buonaparte. 332. 60. Of conveying to Paris the standards taken at Mantua. 333. 60, On the morning of the eighteenth Fructidor, (fourth of September.) 334. 60. Barras, Reubel, and La ReveHiere, 335. 60. Barthelemi refused to concur in these vio- lent measures, and v^^as put under arrest ; and Carnot effected his escape. 336. 60. Fifty-three members of the councils ; amongst whom, were Pichegru, and the two di- rectors, Carnot and Barthelemi. 337. 60. Francis de Neufchateau, and Antoine Mer- \m, 338. 60. Frederick William II., king of Prussia.. 339. 61. His son, Frederick Wilham III. 340. 61. In the beginning of the year 1798. 341. 61. Berthier. 342. 61. The Roman Republic. 343. 61, He was made prisoner, and carried to Val- ence, in France ; where he died, m the following year, at the patriarchal age of eighty-one. 344. 61. Switzerland. B 2 A. P. 345. 61. 346. 61. 347. 61. 348. 61. 349. 62, 350. 62, 351. 62, 352. 62. 18 General Brune. The Helvetic Republic. Tile conquest of Egypt. As a stepping-stone, from which, when in the possession of France, he might pro- ceed to overturn the British empire in Hindostan. The Turkish emperor, Selim III. Toulon. The twentieth of May. They were scarcely less accomplished than himself, in the art of war. 353. 62. Kleber, De^x, and Berthier; Regnier, Davoust, and Lasnes ; Andreossi, and Murat. 354. 62. Berthollet, Monge, and Denon. 355. 62. Malta. 356. 62. " It is well, general, that there was some one within, to open the gates to us : we should have had more trouble in entering, if the place had been altogether empty." 357. 63. As an intermediate station, between France and Egypt. The thirtieth of June. A pacha or viceroy, sent from Constanti- nople ; and twenty-four beys» About four-millions. A timid and unwaHike sect of Christians, named Copts. 362. 63. Yes: the Arabs, the Mamelukes, and the Turks. The Mamelukes. The adoption of foreign slaves, brought chiefly from Georgia and Circassia. Alexandria. Cairo. Rosetta.. 358. 63. 359. 63. 360. 63. 361. 63. 363. 63, 364. 63, 365. 63. 366. 65. 367. 65. 19 A. P. 368. 65. On the seventh of July. 369. 65, In a situation similar to that of Columbus^ when first crossing the unknown extent of the Atlantic ocean. 370. 66. " Is this," they said, " the country, in which we are to receive our farms of seven acres each? The general might have allowed us to take as much as we chose — no one would have abused the privilege." 371. 66. Chebreissa. 372. 66. The French, 373. 67. The Pyramids. 374. 67. Murad Bey. 375. 68. The Mamelukes were again defeated, and almost totally destroyed. 376. 68. Cairo. 377. 70. In Upper Egypt 378. 70. Syria. 379. 70. That the French fleet, under admiral Brueyes, had been destroyed, in Aboukir Bay. 380. 70. Admiral Nelson. 381. 70. On the first of August 382. 71. He was killed. 383. 71. Five- thousand. 384. 72. General Humbert 385. 72. Ireland. 386. 72, Eleven-hundred. 387. 72. One-hundred-and-fifty. 388. 72. Six-thousand. 389. 72. Twenty-thousand. 390. 72 At Ballinamuck. 391. 72. Sir John Borlase Warren. 392. 72. It became a theatre of gigantic warfare; and more combatants were set in motion, than had ever been engaged, since Xerxes led his countless millions against Greece,. 20 A. P. 393. 72, It had not definitely fixed the boundaries between the emperor of Germany and France ; nor had it finally adjusted the conflicting interests of the German powers. 394. 73. The defeat of the repubhcan fleet, at Abou- kir. 395. 73. The interposition of the emperor Paul. 396. 73. Jourdan. 397. 73. Massena. 398. 73. Joubert, aided by Moreau, as a volunteer. 399. 73. The archduke Charles, Melas, and Suwar- row. 400. 73. They were much neglected, by the depart- ment of war. 401. 73. A spirit of rapacity and corruption. 402. 73. They were every where inferior, every where dispirited, every where overcome. 403. 73. Joubert. 404. 73. The most energetic measures were adopted, to reinforce the armies, and enable them to act, once more, on the offensive. 405. 73. Massena. 406. 73. Of one-hundred-thousand men, who, eight months before, had joined the army of Suwarrow, scarcely one-half reached the banks of the river Lech, 407. 74. Overwhelmed with grief and disappointment, he retired to his native country ; where he soon afterwards died, in the seventieth year of his age, of a broken heart. 408. 75. Achmet Pacha, surnamed D'jezzar, or the butcher. 409. 75. The Ottoman Porte. 410. 76. St. Jean d'Acre. 411. 76. Sir Sydney Smith, and colonel Philippeaux. 412. 77. Colonel Phihppeaux. 413. 79. No. 414. 79. On the twentieth of May. 21 A. P. 415. 79. Sixty days. 416^ 79. Nearly five-thousand men. 417. 79. Mustapha Bey. 418. 79. Eighteen-thousand. 419. 79. Nearly the whole were destroyed, by the French army, in a campaign of fifteen days. 420. 80. General Kleber, 421. 80. On the twenty-fourth of August. 422, 80. Berthier, Lasnes, and Marmont ; Bessieres, Andreossi, and Murat. 423. 80. Near Frejus. 424. 80. On the sixteenth of October- CHAPTER VIL 425. 80. Intrigue and corruption. 426. 80. The abbe Sieyes. 427. 81. With every demonstration of public favour. 428. 81. Sieyes and Ducos — two of the directors — together with Talleyrand, Volney, and Buonaparte, and also his brothers, Luciea and Joseph. 429. 86. On the twenty-ninth day of December. 430. 86. More than three-millions, 431. 86. About fifteen-hundred, 432. 86. Three. 433. 86. General Buonaparte was appointed first consul ; Cambaceres, the second , Le Brun, the third. 434. 86. The abbe Sieyes. 435. 86. It has been called a " republic in disguise." 436. 86. It might now, with an equal degree of truth, be styled " a monarchy in disguise." 437. 87. Lucien Buonaparte, 438. 87. Talleyrand. 439. 87. Carnot 22 A. P. 440. 87. Fouche. 441. 87. It was one of force, without bloodshed. 442. 87. Not one. 443. 87. By the termination of proscriptions against the cathoUc priests ; the re-opening of the churches, throughout France ; and the permission given to Lafayette, Latour Maubourg and others, who had been ex- iled, to return to their native country. 444. 88. That no treaty of peace would be enter- tained, unless on condition that the crown of France should be restored to the legit- imate heir of the house of Bourbon. 445. 88. Field-marshal Kray. 446. 88. Moreau. 447. 89. Italy. 448. 89. The first consul. 449. 89. On the third of May, laOO. 450. 89. In the neighbourhood of Lusanne. 451. 89. Sixty-thousand. 452. 89. Across the great St. Bernard. 453. 89. On the fifteenth of May. 454. 90. Three. 455. 90. General La&nes. 456. 90. David. 457. 90. Joseph Buonaparte. 458. 90. Lodi, Brescia, Placentia, Pavia, and Cre- mona. 459. 90. The fourteenth of June. 460. 90. The first consul. 461. 90. General Melas. 462. 90. The French. 463. 91. The arrival of general Dessaix. 464. 91. "I die with this regret, only — that I have not done enough, to live in the remem- brance of my country." 465. 91. One-hundred-and-fifty-thousand. A. P. 466. 91. Fifteen-thousand men. 467. 91. About six-thousand. 468. 91. Twelve fortified towns were dehvered to the French ; and general Melas was con- strained to propose a truce. 469. 91. Two months. 470. 91. Massena. 471. 91. General Moreau. 472. 91. Hohenlinden. 473. 91. Macdonald. 474. 92, Brune. 475. 92. That he might be allowed to conclude a separate peace. 476. 92. Luneville. 477. 92. On the ninth of February, in the following year, (1802.) 478. 92. Joseph Buonaparte. 479. 92. The count Cobentzel. 480. 92. Mantua, and many other important cities of Italy ; together with the Austrian Nether- lands, and the whole left bank of the Rhine. 481. 92. Three-hundred-and-twenty. 482. 92. Eighty-nine. 483. 92. Malta. 484. 93. Russia, Sweden, Denmark, and Prussia. 485. 93. The armed neutrahty. 486. 93. They attacked the batteries of Copenhagen, with a powerful fleet. 487. , 93. Lord Nelson. 488. 93. On the second of April, 1801. 489. 93. After an action of five hours' duration, the crown-prince was constrained to suspend the operations of the armed neutrality^ as far as related to Denmark. 490. 94. The death of the emperor Paul. 491. 94. His son, Alexander I. 492. 94i The infernal machine. A. 493. P. 96. 494. 97, 495. 97, 496. 96, 497. 97. 498. 97, 499. 97, 500. 97. 501. 97. 24 Within the space of a single year, one-third of their number had been destroyed. He was assassinated, at Cairo. Menou. The veteran Abercrombie. It was the only important enterprise, by land, since the commencement of the war, in which the British forces were successful. On the second of March, 1801. Fifteen-thousand. On the eighth. Seven-hundred of the British troops were placed hors de combat. 502. 97. They at length lost much of their accus- tomed enthusiasm ; and desired rather to see their native homes, than a field of battle. Cairo. Belliard. Thirteen-thousand-six-hundred, Alexandria. Menou. On the thirtieth of August. Ten-thousand. Sir Ralph Abercrombie. The expulsion of the French from Egypt. On the twenty-seventh of March, 1802. Amiens. The marquis Cornwallis. Joseph Buonaparte. The territories of Rome and Naples. All the conquests made by her, during the war, except Trinidad and Ceylon. The Cape of Good Hope. It was to be restored to the knights of St. John, under many stipulations, guaranteed by all the great powers of Europe. 503. 97. 504. 97, 505. 97, 506. 97, 507. 97, 508. 97, 509. 98, 510. 98. 511. 98, 512. 98. 513. 98 514. 98, 515. 98, 516. 98, 517. 98, 518. 98, 519. 98, 25 CHAPTER VIIT. The Cisalpine, now changed, by his own mandate, to the appellation of the Italian Republic. Grand Mediator of the Helvetian Repubhc. Piedmont and Parma. On the third of August. Only one — that of Carnot. The Legion of Honour. His brother Joseph. St. Domingo. The command of general Leclerc. His wife, the beautiful Pauline, the favour- ite sister of the first consul. The negro chieftain, Tuissant. Christophe, Dessalines, and Boyer. By the submission of Tuissant. The security of the property, and the per- sonal safety of the chiefs. No. He was carried a prisoner to France ; where he died, in the following year, in conse- quence of the severity of his confinement. 536. 100. In a short time, it swept oif general Leclerc, with most of his best officers and bravest men. 537. 100. Christophe and Dessalines. 538. 100. General Rochambeau. 539. 100. He was obliged to save the wreck of his fellow-soldiers, by submitting, at discre- tion, to an English squadron, after the renewal of the war. 540. 100. The Republic of Hayti. 541. 100. General Dessalines. 542. 101. A law which re-established slavery, in all their colonies. C A. P. 520. 99. 521. 99. 522. 99. 523. 99. 524. 99. 525. 99. 526. 99. 527. 99. 528. 99. 529. 99. 530. 99. 531. 100. 532. 100. 533. 100. 534. 100. 535. 100. 26 A. P. 543. 101. He complained, that Malta and Alexandria had not been evacuated by the British troops ; that he was daily slandered, by some of the English journals ; and that severa] princes of the house of Bourbon, as well as other emigrants, hostile to his government, were allowed to remain un- molested, in Great Britain. 644. 101. Of severity and injustice, practised towards the British merchants, since the termina- tion of the war; of a French army stationed in Holland, contrary to the re- monstrances of the Batavian government ; of the violation of the independence of Switzerland ; the annexation of Piedmont and Parma, to the French dominions ; the confiscation of the estates of the knights of Malta ; and the maintenance of a vast number of persons, in the principal sea- ports of Great Britain, under the ostensi- ble character of mercantile agents, but busied in making surveys of her ports and harbours, and acting, in reality, as spies. 545. 101. The want of the promised co-operation, on the part of the other great powers of Europe, in guaranteeing its independence. 546. 101. By the avowed design of the first consul to gain possession of Egypt, either by a treaty with the Turks, or force of arms. 547. 101. The freedom of the press, in England. 548. 101. It was justified by the law of nations. 549. 102. On the eighteenth of May, in the year 1803. 550. 102. Holland, and also the Italian Republic. 551. 102. The loss of all her colonies in the West Indies. 552. 102. Spain and Portugal. 553. 102. On the fifth of October, 1804. 554. 102. By a declaration of war, against the ag- gressors. 27 A P. 555. 102. General Pichegru, Georges Cadoudal, and general Moreau. 556. 102. He was imprisoned in the Temple ; where, in about a month afterwards, he was found strangled, in his bed. 557. 102. Georges, and eleven of his associates, were beheaded. 558. 102. He was sentenced to be imprisoned two years. 559. 102. No : dreading the interposition of the army, in his favour, the first consul permitted him to embark for the United' States. 560. 103. The duke d'Enghein. 561. 103. The prince of Conde. 562. 103. Having participated in the late conspiracy, CHAPTER IX. 563. 104. On the eighteenth of May, 1804. 564. 104. The senate. 565. 104. Carnot. 566. 104. It was answered, in the affirmative, by an almost unanimous vote. 567. 104. The second of December. 568. 104. The pope. 569. 108. The titles of prince and princess. 570. 109. He created them marshals, and honoured them with the title either of prince or duke. 571. 111. On the twenty-sixth of May, in the year 1805. 572. 111. The republic of Genoa. 573. 111. The most lively indignation. 574. 111. The British. 575. 111. Most of the continental sovereigns. 28 A. p. 576. 111. The independence of Holland and Switzer- land ; the restoration of Piedmont, to the king of Sardinia ; and the evacuation of Hanover, the north of Germany, and Italy, by the French. 577. 112. Five-hundred-thousand. 578. 112. Austria, Russia, Naples, and Sweden, and some other of the minor states. 579. 112. The gold of Britain. 580. 112. Prussia. 581. 112. On the twenty-fourth of September. 582. 112. His brother Joseph. 583. 112, Murat, Bernadotte, and Marmont; Lasnes and Ney ; Davoust and Soult. 584. 112. Ulm. 585. 112. Under circumstances at once mysterious and disgraceful. 586. 112. General Mack. 587. 112. Vienna. 588. 115. On the second of December. 589. 115. The presence of three emperors. 590. 115. Kutusoff. . 591. 115. Marshal Soult commanded the right wing ; Bernadotte, the centre ; and Lasnes, the left. ,. - 592. 115. Murat. 593. 115. Napoleon himself. 594. 116. Marshal Berthier, the chief of his staff, and his aid-de-camp, general Junot. 5«5. 118. Napoleon. 596. 118. The Russians. 597. 118. It is stated to have amounted to twenty-two- thousand, in killed and wounded, and thirty-thousand prisoners. 598. 119. On the twenty-sixth of December. 599. 119. The greater part of his hereditary states. 600. 119. The regal titles, conferred, by Napoleon, 29 A. P. ** upon the elector of Bavaria and duke of Wirtemberg. 601. 120, It gave to France the absolute domination of the European continent. 602. 120. It confirmed to England the dominion of the sea. 603. 120. The twenty-first of October. 604. 120. Admiral Villeneuve. 605. 120. Thirty-three sail of the line and seven frigates. 606. 120. Lord Nelson. 607. 120. Twenty-seven sail of the line and four frigates. 608. 123. Admiral Collingwood. 609. 123. TheEnghsh. 610. 123. Twenty. 611. 123. It was the most splendid that was ever achieved at sea. 612. 123, Having been suffered, after his capture, to proceed to Paris, that he might justify his conduct in the disastrous battle, he evaded the unmerited reproaches of the enraged Napoleon, and the anticipated sentence of a caurt-martial, by a voluntary death. CHAPTER X. 613. 124. The Cape of Good Hope. 614. 125. His favourite brother, Joseph* 615. 125. To Messina. 616. 125. To test the loyalty of the people to their former government. 617. 125. Five-thousand. 618. 125, The fourth of July. 619. 125. On the plains of Maida. 620. 125. Seven-thousaijd. 621. 125. The Enghsh. C2 • ' 30 A. P. 622. 126. The investiture of Murat with the duchies of Berg and Cleves. 623. 126, The Confederation of the Rhine. 624. 126. Napoleon. 625. 126. The new kingdoms of Bavaria and Wirtem- berg, the electorate of Baden, the grand duchy of Berg, and the other minor prin- cipahties of which it was composed^ were for ever separated from the Ger- manic body, and combined to make one common cause with France ; the Ger- manic empire was dissolved ; and the house of Austria was compelled to relin- quish the title of emperor of Germany, to retain only the more humble title of emperor of Austria ; and yield the pre- cedence to France. 626. 126. One-hundred-and-fifty-thousand men. 627. 126. The fourth coalition, now forming against France. 628. 126. The twenty-fourth of September. 629. 126. Ney and Soult. 630. 126. Murat, Bernadotte, and Davoust. 631. 126. Augereau and Lasnes. 632. 126. The duke of Brunswick. 633. 126. Marshal Blucher and prince Hohenloe. 634. 126. Even a worse fate than his discomfiture by the sans-culottes. 635. 127. On the ninth of October. 636. 127. The battle of Schleitz. 637. 127. The battle of Jena. 638. 1 27. The fourteenth of October. 639. 127. The French. 640. 127. He was mortally wounded. 641. 127. Berlin. 642. 127. One-hundred-and-forty-thousand prisoners, two-hundred-and-fifty standards, and four- 31 A. P. thousand-eight-hundred pieces of artil- lery. 643. 128. The Prussian army was annihilated, and the Prussian monarchy subdued. 644. 128. Warsaw. 64^. 128. General Beningsen. 646. 128. Pultusk. 647. 128. On the twenty-sixth of December. 648. 128. After an obstinate and sanguinary conflict, both armies claimed a victory, and each seemed beaten by the other. 649. 128. The battle of Eylau. 650. 128. On the eighth of February, 1807. 651. 128. After continuing for twelve hours, the ranks of both armies were thinned, by a dread- ful slaughter, and both claimed the victory, as at Pultusk. 652. 128. The battle of Friedland. 653. 128. On the fourteenth of June. 654. 128. It terminated in the total defeat of the Rus- sians. 655. 128. Alexander. 656. 128. On the twenty-second of June. 657. 128. Tilsit. 658. 128. The king and queen of Prussia. 659. 129. On the ninth of July. 660. 129. Of all her territories on the left bank of the Elbe ; and of all her Polish provinces, ex- cept those situated between Pomerania and Newmarke, and ancient Prussia, to the north of the river Netz. 661. 129, The elector, now become the king, of Sax- ony. 662. 129. The kingdom of Holland. 663. 129. The kingdom of Westphalia. 664. 129. To close her ports, and become a party in the war, against England. 32 A. P. 665. 129. The kings of Naples, Holland, and West- phalia. 666. 131. Because they feared that the influence of Napoleon, would direct the naval power of Denmark against England. 667. 132. Not Denmark alone, but Russia, also, was rendered inimical to her. 668. 132. On the thirty-first of October. 669. 132. So generally was it enforced against Eng- land, that, in the beginning of the ensuing year, all the ports of Europe, except those of Sicily and Sweden, were closed against British vessels and commerce. CHAPTER XL 670. 1 32. His schemes of aggrandizement in the south. 671. 132. GeneralJunot. 672. 132. To emigrate to the western hemisphere. 673. 132. Spain. 674. 133. Pampeluna, St. Sebastian, Figueras, and Barcelona. 675. 133. In the year 1808. 676. 133. Charles IV. abdicated the throne, in favour of the prince of Asturias, as Ferdinand VIL 677. 133. A formal abdication of the throne. 678. 134. His brother Joseph. 679. 134. No. 680. 134. Joachim Murat. 681. 135. They were hurried into the interior of France. 682. 136. It excited a general insurrection, throughout Spain. 683. 136. England. 684. 136. Yes: with enthusiastic ardour. 685. 1 36. They were liberated ; and embarked, for the peninsula, newly clothed and armed. 33 A. p. 686. 136. Moncey. 687. 136. In the neighbourhood of Andujar. 688. 136. On the twentieth of July, general Dupont, with an army of twelve-thousand men, and a detachment of eight-thousand then advancing to join him, surrendered to the Spanish patriots, under general CastanoSo 689. 137. Sir Arthur Wellesley. 690. 137. On the twenty-first of August 691. 137. Sir Arthur Wellesley. 692. 137. It was agreed that the French should evac- uate Portugal, and be conveyed, with all their arms, artillery, and ammunition, to France, in British vessels, without any restrictions, as to future service. On the sixteenth of January,in the year 1 809. Marshal Soult. Sir John Moore. The English. He was killed. Marshal Lasnes, duke of Montebello. Don Joseph Palafox. On the seventeenth of February, by sap. It was unparalleled, except by their ances- tors of Numantia, when besieged by the Roman arms ; the devoted citizens, join- ed by their wives and daughters, having fought, for their homes and firesides, with the very " knife." 702. 138. Forty-two days. 703. 139. Thirty-thousand. 704. 139. She vs^as charged with having opened the harbour of Trieste, to the English ; with having protected, by her ships of war, British merchant-vessels, in their passage from Malta to the Levant ; with having held conferences with an official messen- ger from the Spanish patriots, and prom- ised to assist them, with an army of one- hundred-thousand men. 693. 138, 694. 138 695. 138, 696. 138 697. 138. 698. 138, 699. 138 700. 138, 701. 138, 34 A. P. 705. 139. In March, 1809. 706. 139. The archduke Charles. 707. 140. On the twelfth of April. 703. 140. The faithful Josephine. 709. 141. One-hundred pieces of cannon, and forty- thousand men. 710. 141. Vienna. 711. 143. Lasnes, duke of Montebello. 712. 145. The sixth of July. 713. 145. The archduke Charles. 714. 145. The left was commanded by the prince of Ponte Corvo ; the right, by the duke of Auerstadt ; the centre, by Napoleon him- self, 715. 145. The Austrians. 716. 145. The twelfth of July. 717. 145. On the fourteenth of October. 718. 145. They were considered as by no means se- vere. 719. 145. They may be comprised under three heads; — those to the sovereigns of the confed- eration of the Rhine ; those to the king of Saxony ; and those to the emperor of France. 720. 146. Joseph Buonaparte, as king of Spain. 721. 146. The continental system. 722. 147. That by which the Austrian monarch as- signed the inhabitants of the Tyrol to Bavaria. 723. 147. Hoffer. 724. 147. By pouring in continual reinforcements, and by the capture and universally reprobated execution of the gallant Hoffer. 725. 148. To gain possession of the island of Walche- ren, and destroy the French ships of war, in the Scheldt. 726. 148. Sir Richard Stracban. 727. 148. The earl of Chatham. 35 A. P. 728. 148. No: signally abortive. 729. 148. The indolence of lord Chatham. 730. 148. After a union of fifteen years, the empress Josephine had blessed her husband with no heir to his imperial throne. 731. 148. Maria Louisa, a daughter of the emperor of Austria. 732.' 155. On the eleventh of March, in the year 1810. 733. 156. On the first day of April 734. 156. Napoleon's uncle. Cardinal Fesch. CHAPTER XII. 735. 157. The affairs of Holland. 736. 157. He had opened the Dutch ports, and re- pealed his decrees against British com- merce. 737. 157. Louis abdicated the throne of Holland, and that kingdom was united, by Napoleon, to the French empire. /38. 158. Marshal Bernadotte, prince of Ponte Corvo. 739. 158. It began to experience a check. 740. 158. Sir Arthur Wellesley. 741. 158. General Cuesta. 742. 158. At Talavera. 743. 158« Marshal Victor. 744. 158. On the twenty-seventh of July, in the year 1809. 745. 158. Sir Arthur Wellesley. 746. 159. It will always hold a high rank in the annals of destructive war. 747. 159. He was created viscount Wellington. 748. 159. Marshal Beresford. 749. 159. Castanos and Blake. 750.' 159. On the sixteenth of May. 751. 159. The duke of Dalmatia. A. 752. P. 159, 753. 159, 754. 160, 755. 160. 756. 160. 757. 160. 758. 160. 759. 160. 760. 160. 761. 160. 762. 160. 36 The allies. They were successful. Marshal Suchet. Valencia. On the ninth of January, in the year 1812. Duke of Albufuera. The loss of Ciudad Rodrigo and Badajoz. Lord Wellington. The twenty-second of July. Marshal Marmont, duke of Ragusa. It terminated in the total defeat of the French. 763. 160. The evacuation of Madrid, by the intrusive king ; and the surrender of that capital, to lord Wellington, on the twelfth of August. 764. 160. They exhibited nothing but disaster. 765. 161. There was not now remaining, either to France or Holland, a sii^gle colony, either in the eastern or the western hemisphere. 766. 161. Their flags were expelled from the ocean, and their commerce was almost totally destroyed. 767. 161, The merchants remonstrated on the loss of their most profitable commerce ; and the nobles were indignant at the degradation of their country. 768. 161. He had seized the dominions of the duke of Oldenburg, the brother-in-law of Alex- ander, and refused to withdraw his troops from Prussia and Swedish Pomerania. 769. 161. At least four-hundred-thousand. 770. 161. On the twenty -second of June. 771. 162. Napoleon. 772. 162. Barclay de Tolly. 773. 162. Napoleon. 774. 163. Prince Kutusoff. 775. 163. Borodino. 37 A. P. 776. 163. That he might the better defend Moscow. 777. 163. Two-thousand. 778. 163. The seventh of September. 779. 163. It was the most sanguinary battle of mod- ern times. 780. 163. Fifteen- thousand of their number were kill- ed, and thirty-thousand wounded. 781. 163. An impartial historian can award it to neither. 782. 163. The Russians failed in their object, which was to arrest the progress of their enemy : — the French, at the close of the battle, were obliged to retire, for several miles ; and, while Te Deum was performing, at St. Petersburg, the French army arrived before the walls of Moscow. 783. 163. On the fourteenth of September. 784. 164. No: it was nearly deserted. 785. 164. Moscow appeared, at different quarters, in flames. 786. 164. The governor, Rostopchin. 787. 164. Only one-tenth pa>rt of a city, twenty-six miles in circumference, remained, as a cover to the unhappy victors. 788. 16,4. On the nineteenth of October. 789. 164. Thirty-four days. 790. 165. His daughter, in marriage, with a princely fortune. 791. 167. Marshal Ney. 792. 167. The bravest of the brave. 793. 167. On the ninth of November. 794. 167. The first instance of a French corps sur- rendering, without firing a gun. 795. 168. Smorgoni. 796. 169. On the tenth of December. 797. 169. The abbe de Pradt. 798. 172. At midnight, on the eighteenth of December. D 38 A. P. 799. 172. It is probable, .that, of nearly four-hundred^ thousand troops, not fifty-thousand were suffered to escape from Russia. 800. 172. Alexander. 801. 172. They now resolved to throw off the yoke. 802. 172. Prussia. 803. 172. Several more of the German states. 804. 172. The crown-prince of Sweden, BernadottCi 805. 1 73. General Witgenstein. 806. 173. On the fifteenth of April, in the year 1813. 807. 173. Lutzen, Bautzen, and Hochkirk. 808. 172. Marshal Bessieres. 809. 173. Duroc. 810. 173. Dresden. 811. 173. The Russian, Prussian, and Austrian. 812. 173. Their respective sovereigns, in person. 813. 173. General Moreau. 814. 173. The Russian. 815. 173. The defeat and capture of general Van- damme, and his army of ten-thousand men, by the Russian commander, count Osterman ; also, by the discomfiture of several other corps, by the Prussian gen- eral, Bkicher ; and by one of Napoleon's former generals, the crown-prince of Sweden. 816. 174. The sixteenth of October. 817. 174. Prince Schwartzenberg, the crown-prince, Bernadotte, and marshal Blucher. 818. 174. Napoleon, with his ablest generals. 819. 174. More than haif-a-milhon. 820. 175. The French. 821. 175. Poniatowski. 822. 175. To drive the French army over the Pyren- nees, and g:nn a firm footing in France. 823. 175. Holland and Switzerland. 824. 175. Being invited, by the unanimous voice Cf 39 A P the Dutch nation, he returned from Eng», laiid, and was reinstated in his former sovereignty. 825. 176. Nineteen years. 826. 176. Denmark and Naples. 827. 176. That the boundaries of France should be the Pyrennees, the Alps, and the Rhine. 828. 176. The twenty-ninth of March. 829. 176. Joseph Buonaparte, and marshals Marmont and Mortier. 830. 177. The thirtieth of March. ' 831. 179. He was enjoying a few hours' repose, at a small inn, about four leagues from Paris. 832. 180. He offered to abdicate the throne, in favour of his infant son, 833. 180. No. 834. 180. To restore the Bourbons. 835. 180. They proposed to guarantee the personal safety of Napoleon and his family ; to allow all the nobihty, of his creation, to retain their honours and estates ; to per- mit him to retire to the isle of Elba, which he was to hold, in full sovereignty, during his hfe, with a yearly pension of two-millions of francs;, also, to retain the title of emperor ; and Maria Louisa to have the duchies of Parma, Guestalla, and Placentia, with succession to Francis Napoleon, her son, 836. 180. Yes. - 837. 181. The twentieth of April. 838.. 181. Bertrand and Drouet. 839. 181. On the third of May. 840. 181. He was his elder brother, 841. 181. Nearly twenty-five years. 842. 18l! The harbour of St. Raphor. 843. 183. An Enghsh frigate, the Undaunted. 844. 183. Captain Usher. A. P. 843. 185, 846. 185, 847. 185, 848. 185. 849. 188. 850. 189. 851. 189. 40 On the third pf May. Opposite the coast of Tuscany. About twelve-thousand. About sixty miles. His mother, and his sister, the princess Pauline. The thirtieth of May. The same that had formed her boundary, in the year 1792, before the revolutionary war. 852. 189. She recovered all her colonies, except the islands of Mauritius and Bourbon, which were ceded to Great Britain. Belgium and Holland. The kingdom of the Netherlands. The prince of Orange. All, except the Cape of Good Hope, the island of Ceylon, Demerara, Essequibo, and*Berbice. All his dominions, with the cities and terri- tories of Venice. He was reinstated in his spiritual and tem- poral authority. Murat. Their ancient masters. It was taken from Denmark, and assigned to Sweden. 862. 189. To procure a total abolition of the slave- trade ; and to abolish it, with regard to France, at the end of five years. 863. 189. No. CHAPTER XIII. 864. 190. Marshal Soult. 865. 190. They had ranked him, amongst the most distinguished generals of the age. 853. 189. 854. 189. 855. 189, 856. 189. 857. 189, 858, 189, 859. 189 860. 189, 861. 189, 41 A. P. 866., 190. Talleyrand. 867. 190. He is represented as one of the most con-. summate statesmen that ever lived. 868. 191. It indicated a wide difference of opinions, entertained by large classes of the com- munity. 869. 191. That these secret dissensions could not long subsist, without bursting into a flame. 870. 191. Their hostility to the reigning family, was not long disguised. 871. 191. A spirit of military enterprise. 872. 191. A recent order, for the reduction, to half- pay, of all officers, not actually employed, combined with the recall of the Swiss guards, to Paris. 873. 191. Of a design to restore the principles of the ancient monarchj^ 874. 191. Marshal Soult. 875. 193. To return to France, to drive the Bourbon from his inglorious throne, and again to place upon his own head the imperial throne. 876. 193. On Sunday, the twenty-sixth of February., ' 877. 193. 1815. 878. 193. General Bertrand, and the other officers of Jiis staff. 879. 193. About eleven-hundred, 880. 193. On the first of March. 881. 193. Near Cannes, a small sea-port, in the gulf of St. Juan, not far from Frejus. 882. 195. Ney. 883. 196. On the twentieth of March. 884. 196. No : not a shot had been fired, 885. 196. About ten months. 886. 196. It is without a parallel in history, and much beyond the limits of probable fiction. 887. 196. Every soldier sent against him, joined his force. D2 42 A. P. 888. 197. No. 8$9. 1 97. At ten o'clock, in the morning of the night in which Napoleon entered Paris. 890. 197. About two-hundred. 891. 197. Yes. 892. 197. Ghent. 893. 197. On the first of June, he threw himself from a window, in the palace of Bamberg, and was killed by the fall. 894. 197. Austria, Russia, Prussia, and Great Britain. 895. 197. One-hundred-and-fifty-thousand. 896. 197. Bavaria, Baden, Saxony, Hanover, the Hanse Towns, and the smaller states of the Rhine. 897. 197. He addressed a letter, in his own hand- writing, to each of the sovereigns of Eu- rope, announcing his restoration, and ex- pressing his sincere desire to maintain the repose of the world. 898. 197. No. &99. 198. Murat. 900. 198. He was expelled from Naples* 901. 198. In Belgium. 902. 198. On the morning of the twelfth of June. 903. 198. Marshals Soult and Ney. 904. 198. On the fourteenth. 905. 199. Marshal Blucher. 906. 1 99. On the heights of Ligny. 907. 1 99. In killed and wounded, fifteen-thousand men. 908. 199. The duke of Welhngton. 909. 199. The duke of Brunswick. 910. 199. Wavre. 911. 199. Waterloo. 912. 200. Since the battle of Pharsalia, no engage- ment was pregnant with consequences so momentous. 43 A. P. 913. 200. It was the smallest, in extent of front, com- pared with the numbers .engaged, of any field of battle in the recollection of mili- tary men. 914. 200. About eighty-thousand, each. 915. 200. No. 916. 200. Jerome Buonaparte commanded on the left; counts Reille and d'Erlon, the centre ^ count Lobau, on the right, 917. 200. On the eighteenth of June. 918. 204. The duke of Wellington, 919. 204. It was immense. 920. 204. One-hundred officers were killed, and five- hundred wounded. 921. 204. Not less than twelve-thousand. 922. 204. Not more than about forty-thousand. 923. 205. No, 924. 205. To Paris. 925. 205. On the evening of the twentieth of June. 926. 205. To be made dictator. 927. 205. No. 928. 205. Carnot, Lafayette, and other leading mem- bers of the legislature. 929. 205. " Offering himself a sacrifice to the hatred of the enemies of France," he proclaim^ ed his son emperor, by the title of Napo-. leon II. 930. 205. No. 931. 205. His own abdication, 932. 205. On the third of July. 933. 205. One-hundred days. 934. 206. Talleyrand. 935. 206. The duke of Otranto, 936. 206. Marshal St. Cyr. 937. 206. The duke of Richelieu. 938. 206. The emperor of Russia, and the king of Prussia. 44 A. P. 939. 207. In endeavouring to reach a sea-port, and embark for the United States. 940. 207. Rochefort. 941. 207. No, 942. 207. The port was closely watched, by English cruisers. 943. 207. The Bellerophon, commanded by captain Maitland. 944. 207. To pass the remainder of his days in Eng- land. 945. 207. No. 946. 207. That he should be carried, as a state pris- oner, to St. Helena. 947. 207. ^Great Britain. 948. 207. In the Southern Atlantic. 949. 207. Torbay. 950. 207. The British ship of war, Northumberland. 951. 207. Captain Ross. 952. 207. The flag of rear-admiral sir George Cock- burn. 953. 207. Count Bertrand and his wife ; the count and countess Montholon ; count de Las Cases, and general Gourgaud ; with nine men and three women servants. 954. 207. On the seventeenth of October. 955. 207. Seventy-two days. 956. 208. It is impregnable. 957. 208. Rupert's Bay, James-Town, and Lemon Valley. CHAPTER XIV, 958. 209. The king of Sweden. 959. 209. Within the period of the second reign of his imperial relation. 960. 212. He was condemned to be shot. 45 A. P. 96 i. 212. On the thirteenth of October. 962. 212. As became a soldier and a man, 963. 212. In the year 1767. 964. 212. The department of Lot, in France. 965. 213. Caroline, the youngest sister of the first consul. 966. 213. He may be ranked, for bravery and enter- prise, amongst the first military charac- ters of the age. 967. 213. His endeavours wrere assiduously directed to correct the vices, and to ameliorate the condition, of his subjects, 968. 213, He was weak and irresolute. CHAPTER XV. 969, 215, Colonel Labedoyere, 970, 215, Treason, rebellion, and the seduction of his troops from their allegiance. 971, 215, On the twelfth of August. 972, 215. He was condemned to suffer death. 973, 216. He terminated his life with a pistol. 974, 217. The duke of Richelieu. 975, 219. High treason. 976, 220, On the impunity granted to the marshal, as a resident in Paris, by the twelfth article of capitulation. 977, 220, That no person in the capital should be dis- turbed, or called to account, for his polit- ical conduct. 978, 220, In a unanimous award of guilty. 979, 221. The seventh of December. 980, 221, They were deeply affected, 981, 221, History affords no example, that we recol- lect, of a judicial murder, so horribly atrocious. 46 A. P. 982. 221. General count Lavalette. 983. 221. The office of director of posts. 984. 222. He was sentenced to death: 985. 222. No. 986. 222. Disguised in the dress of madame Lavalette. 987. 222. Mr. Crawford Bruce, captain Hutchinson, sir Robert Wilson, and Mr. ElHster. 988. 223. The United States. 989. 224. Count de Survelliers. 990. 223. In different parts of Europe. 991. 224. The duke of Berri. 992. 224. On the thirteenth of February, 1820. 993. 224. The only son of the count d'Artois, CHAPTER XVI. 994. 228. At James-Town. 995. 228. The house of a gentleman named Porteous. 996. 229. Mr. O'Meara. 997. 229. The Briars. 998. 230. Mr. Balcombe. 999. 230. About a mile and a half. 1000. 234. Longwood. 1001. 229. It is situated on a plain, formed on the sum- mit of a mountain, about eighteen-hundred feet above the level of the sea. 1002. 235. On the ninth of December. 1003. 236. Sir George Cockburn. 1004. 236. A space of about twelve miles in circum- ference. 1005. 237. An arrangement, by the means of which per- sons furnished with a pass from him, had permission to enter Longwood grounds. 1006. 241. On the fourteenth of April, 1816. 1007. 241. Sir Hudson Lowe. 47 A. p. 1008. 245. The boundaries within which they had been allowed to exercise, were curtailed ; the shopkeepers were ordered not to sell any article to them, except for ready money ; and to hold no communication with them, unless by the governor's permission. 1009. 253. Las Cases. 1010. 253. He had given a letter, written upon silk, to Scott his servant, with which he was to proceed to England. 1011. 253. He was one of the ancient nobility of France. 1012. 253. England. The profession of a teacher. A Geography and Atlas. When the directory was succeeded by the consular government. Dr. O'Meara. On the twenty-fifth of July, in the year 1818. Dr. F. Antommarchi. He was a native of Corsica. Father Bonavita, and the abbe Vignali. On the fifth of May, in the year 182L Tete d''armee. (head of the army.) An ulcer in the stomach. In the island of St. Helena ; in a small se- cluded recess, called Slane's or Haine's Valley. 277. On the eighth of May. The military cloak which Napoleon had worn at the battle of Marengo. The members of his late household. The governor, the admiral, and all the civil and mihtary authorities of the island. A party of British grenadiers. The abbe Vignali. Fifty-one years, eight months, and twenty days. 1013. , 254. 1014. 254. 1015. 254. 1016. 269. 1017. 269. 1018. 273. 1019. 273. 1020. 272. 1021. 276. 1022. 276. 1023. 276. 1024. 277. 1025. 277. 1026, 277. 1027. 277. 1028. 277. 1029. 277. 1030. 277. 1031. 277, 48 A. P. 1032. 277. " Few men have done more mischief in the world, than Napoleon, and not many have done more good. In giving liberty of conscience, to professors of all reli- gions ; in finally destroying every vestige of the feudal system ; in overturning the detestable power of the inquisition ; and, lastly, in the promulgation of his edict for the abolition of the slave-trade ; whatever construction we may attach to the mo- tives, we cannot but sincerely approve the deeds.'' THE END. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 019 592 604 GRXMSBAWS FRANCE. towab"&*hogan, No. 255 Market Street^ Philadelphia^ HAVE PUBLISHED AND FOR SALE, THE HISTORY OF FRANCE, from the foundation of tKe Mo- narchy, to the death of Louis XVI. Interspersed with entertaining Anecdotes and Biographies of eminent men« By WiUiam Grira- shaw, author of the History of the United States, Life of Napoleon, ^^ j &c. with the book of Questions. They have also for sale, the following works by the same celebrated author, HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. HISTORY OF GREECE. HISTORY OF ENGLAND. HISTORY OF ROME. These form the most valuable series of school Histories ever pub- lished in this country, and arc introduced into the most celebrated Academies of the Union. Other School Books published by Townr ^ Hogan, CUMMINGS' INTRODUCTION TO ANCIENT AND MO- DERN GEOGRAPHY, to which are added Rules for Projecting Maps and the Use of the Globes; accompanied with an Atlas. By J. A. Cummings. Tenth Edition, revised and improved. CUMMTNGS' FIRST LESSONS IN GEOGRAPHY AND AS- TRONOMY, with seven Maps and a Plate of the Solar System, for the use of Young Children. THE YOUTH'S ARITHMETICAL GUIDE, designed for Pri- mary Schools and Young Ladies' Seminaries. By Daniel .Taudon. Fifth Edition, revissd, with additional questions on Federal Money. BLAIR'S GRAMMAR OF CHEMISTRY, wherein the Principles of the Science are explained and familiarized by a variety of Ex- amples and Illustrations, and by numerous useful and entertaining Experiments, Interrogatory Exercises, and a Glossary of Terms. Corrected and Revised, by Benjamin Tucker. Fifth Edition, im- proved. 1 vol. 18mo. ELEMENTS OF NATURAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHI- LOSOPHY, by Tiberius Cavallo, F. R. S. Third American Edi- tion, with additional Notes, selected from various Authors, by F. X. Brosius. 2 vols. 8vo. with numerous Plates. CICERONIS ORATIONES IN USUM .DELPHINI.—IN this Edition the valuable Notes of the Dauphin Edition are translated into English, and Selections from Duncan and other Commenta- tors, with original observations. By John G. Smart, 1 vol. 8vo. LES AVENTURES DE TELEMAQUE, FILS D'ULYSSE, par M. Fenelon. Nouvelle Edition, avec la Signification des Mots les plus difficiles en Anglais au bas de chaque page. D'apres I'Edition de M. C. Le Brun.