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Historical >nd Commercial Sketches 
 
 Washington asp Environs 
 
 OUR CAPITAL CITY 
 
 " THE PARIS OF AMERICA " 
 
 Its Prominent Places and People. 
 
 LEADING MERCHANTS, MANUFACTURERS, ARTISANS AND 
 PROFESSIONAL MEN. 
 
 ITS IMPROVEMENTS, PROGRESS 
 
 o 
 
 AND C^__ 
 
 ENTERPRISE. 
 
 ILLTJSTEATED 
 
 NOV . 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. : 
 
 E. E. BARTON, PUBLISHER. 
 
 1SS4. 
 

 
 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1884, 
 
 By Dr. E. E. Barton, 
 
 in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. 
 
 Judd & Detweiler, Printers, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Bound at the Lycett Bindery, Washingti 
 
 
1791. 
 
 1884. 
 
 THE CITY OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 HISTORICAL AND COMMERCIAL REVIEW, 
 
 TO WHICH IS ADDED A COMPREHENSIVE RESUME OF ITS LEADING INTERESTS 
 
 AND 
 
 BUSINESS REPRESENTATIVES. 
 
 The American people are justly proud of their sovereignty and of the beautiful 
 city, where sit, by a majority's suffrage, the creators of our law. 
 
 Hallowed memories cluster about that grand old Capitol, whose dome seems to 
 cleave empyreal depths, and gather upon its summit a lustre direct from heaven. 
 The heart of every true American pulsates with excited admiration at the mention 
 of those heroes of constitutional liberty, whose divine-born impulses conceived a 
 Magna Charta so comprehensive and beneficent that it has become a lamp of 
 liberty, lighting all the by-ways of civilization. 
 
 This commendable pride of citizenship and patriotic impulse is manifested in a 
 hundred ways ; not alone by a spontaneous and universal response, coming like a 
 rush of mighty floods from every city, hamlet, hillside, plain, and canon, at the 
 first insult to our national honor, but also by a generous acceptance and acqui- 
 escense in all the civil laws bearing the seal of jurisdictional courts and legisla- 
 tures. 
 
 Washington city stands out like some great master-piece of art on canvas, pre- 
 senting a beautiful picture of animate life, clothed in the purple of supreme power, 
 and with a grasp, like destiny, bearing securely the prosperity of our common 
 country. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 She is no less beautiful in architecture and material adornment than in the 
 golcleu-hued principles which radiate from her capitol, and penetrate every Amer- 
 ican home, and are at once the pillars and foundation of our democratic confed- 
 eracy. 
 
 There are no other buildings on the continent so majestic, stable, and awe- 
 inspiring as the Capitol, the Treasury Building, and that of the State Department, 
 while the White House is a sacred relic of colonial legislation that has sheltered 
 our historic line of Presidents since Monroe, and been the theatre of so many 
 brilliant receptions and painful scenes. 
 
 There is a marked difference, easily recognizable, between the society of Wash- 
 ington and that of our great metropolis, New York — especially in composition. 
 
 There is pre-eminently more intelligence and polish in that of the former city, 
 for several reasons, but chiefly because of the widely different surroundings. 
 
 New York elite is made up largely of people sprung suddenly from Ioav condi- 
 tion by a turn of fortune's wheel ; riches constituting the main passport to that 
 exclusive circle, known as aristocratic society, and where such an ill-advised cus- 
 tom prevails, culture and refinement meet with small consideration. In Wash- 
 ington a diametrically opposite social status exists, society at the Capital being 
 made up of those who have attained to positions of political preferment by virtue 
 of their influence, which is largely the result of intellectual superiority, and of 
 the cultured of all shades of thought attracted to the Capital from all portions of 
 the country. 
 
 In such a circle there is positive enjoyment, for intelligence is like a festal board 
 at which all may be regaled. 
 
 The American Capital is the only seat of government of a first-class power, 
 which was a thought" and performance of the Government itself, and used to be 
 called in the Madisonian era, "the only Virgin Capital in the world." 
 
 St. Petersburg Avas the thought of an emperor, but the capital of Russia long 
 remained at Moscow, and Peter the Great said he only designed St. Petersburg to 
 be "a window looking out into Europe." 
 
 Washington City was designed to be not only a window, but a whole inhabit- 
 ancy in fee-simple for the deliberations of the legislative body. 
 
 The motive for building an entirely new city for the Federal seat of government 
 was not arbitrary, like Peter the Great's will with St. Petersburg, nor fanciful, like 
 that of the founder of Versailles. It was like many of our institutions, an act of 
 reflection suggested by such harsh experience as once drove the Papal head from 
 Rome to Avignon, and, in our day, withdrawn the French Government from Paris 
 to Versailles. 
 
 With all the interest thus manifested by the American people in their Govern- 
 ment and Capital City, it is surprising how few persons there are, even among the 
 writers for the press and our public men, who seem to have any correct ideas as 
 to the circumstances attending the location of the National Capital, or of the true 
 relations existing between the National and local governments. 
 
 It is but a few years since one of the leading papers of the country published 
 an article entitled " Government Paupers," taking the citizens of Washington as 
 its illustration, and in which it asserted that the citizens of Washington insisted 
 that the General Government should grade, sewer, pave, and light all their streets 
 for them. During the past summer another widely circulated journal published 
 a communication in which it was stated, that " Here the Government seems to 
 have a paternal care over its citizens. It clears away the ash-barrels, cleans their 
 streets for them, compels them to keep their alleys clean, plants trees for them., 
 arrests boys that destroy robins and blue-birds, and Washington is now the show 
 city of America." More recently still, an item has been going the rounds of 
 the press stating that " within the last eighty years Congress has spent more than 
 $100,000,000 on the city of Washington," thus confirming the idea that the 
 General Government has actually built the city. Similar erroneous statements are 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 uttered in both Houses of Congress, at nearly every session, by men who no doubt 
 believe theru to be true, but which simply show how poorly they are informed on 
 the subject. It is to correct these misapprehensions that this brief historical state- 
 ment has been prepared, in the hope that hereafter some show of justice may be given 
 to the residents of the National Capital, especially now that it is beginning to assume 
 somewhat of the grandeur designed for it by Washington, Jefferson, and its other 
 illustrious founders, and is beginning to attract the attention and arouse the pride 
 of patriotic citizens in all sections of the country. 
 
 A FUGITIVE CONGRESS. 
 
 The first Congress of the Revolution met at Philadelphia, September 5, 1774. 
 It continued to hold its sessions there until December 12, 1776, when they were 
 compelled to leave by the advance of the British army, and adjourned to Balti- 
 more, where they met, February 12, 1777, and adjourned to meet at Philadelphia 
 on the 12th of March following. 
 
 On the 14th of September, 1777, it was resolved that if they had to leave Phila- 
 delphia they would meet at Lancaster, Pennsylvania. On the 18th they adjourned 
 for the day, expecting to meet in the morning as usual, but being notified of the 
 near approach of the British by General Washington's aid, Colonel Hamilton, 
 they met at Lancaster on the 27th, and adjourned to York, Pennsylvania, then 
 called York Town, where they met on the 30th, and remained until June 27, 1778, 
 when they returned to Philadelphia, meeting there July 2, 1778. 
 
 Not only was the Continental Congress thus made a fugitive body by the vicis- 
 situdes of the war, but also by troubles arising from .the dissatisfaction of our own 
 citizens. 
 
 After the close of the war, in 1783, serious troubles arose because of the ina- 
 bility of the Government to pay the discharged soldiers and officers, a large body 
 of whom marched on Philadelphia with the avowed purpose of demanding redress 
 of Congress, then in session there. 
 
 On the 21st of June Congress passed a resolution informing the Supreme Execu- 
 tive Council of Pennsylvania that " the authority of the United States had that 
 day been grossly insulted by the disorderly and menacing conduct of a body of 
 armed soldiers, and that in the opinion of Congress it was necessary that effectual 
 steps be immediately taken for supporting the public authority." 
 
 The Pennsylvania authorities replied that they could do nothing, as they could 
 not rely on the militia to support them. In the meantime a letter was received 
 from the governor and masters of Princeton College, N. J., offering Congress the 
 use of the library hall, and every other convenience of the college, besides resolu- 
 tions from the inhabitants of Princeton, Newark, Trenton, and other places, and 
 Congress adjourned to Princeton, where it met on a call of the President, June 
 30th. 
 
 On the 28th of July an address was received from the citizens of Philadelphia 
 inviting Congress to return, and assuring them that they would be duly protected; 
 and on August 1st a motion was offered that Congress adjourn on the 8th to meet 
 at Philadelphia on the 12th, and remain until the last Monday of October, and 
 then adjourn to Annapolis, unless differently decided in the meantime. The sub- 
 ject was discussed, and on the 22d of August, 1783, the delegates from Pennsyl- 
 vania laid before Congress resolutions of the General Assembly of that State, 
 agreeing " to do all necessary to support and protect the honor and dignity of the 
 United States iu Congress," and expressing their desire that Congress should arrange 
 for the permanent seat of government in that State. 
 
 In the meantime the States of New York, Maryland, and Virginia had offered 
 places as a permanent seat of government, the former naming Kingston and the 
 latter Williamsburg, while Maryland named Annapolis. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 THE STRUGGLE FOR ITS POSSESSION. 
 
 Owing to the difficulties experienced by Congress, as briefly set forth above, as 
 well as for the purpose of determining on a fixed seat of government, Congress, on 
 the 4th of June, 1783, resolved that " copies of the act of the Legislature of Mary- 
 land offering Annapolis, and of New York offering Kingston, for the permanent 
 use of Congress, be transmitted to the executives of the respective States, and they 
 be informed that Congress had set the first Monday of October next for taking 
 said offers into consideration." 
 
 Consequently, on the 6th of October, 1783, Congress proceeded to consider the 
 propositions of the several States, from New York to Virginia, inclusive, " respect- 
 ing a place for the permanent residence of Congress," and then there began a 
 struggle such as had never before been witnessed in the American Congress, and 
 which continued for seven years. 
 
 Want of space forbids a detailed statement, but the following summary will 
 give some idea of the facts : 
 
 As was to be expected, the great difficulty was to agree on the location. Then, 
 as since, sectional feeling was strong, owing to the diversity of interest and opinion 
 at the north and the south, now, as we trust, forever settled. Each section wanted 
 the Capital, feeling that its location would not only have a beneficial effect upon 
 the region of country in which it was located, but that the prevailing opinion of 
 the section would impress itself upon Congress and the other branches of the Gov- 
 ernment, and thus shape, to a greater or less extent, the character of the Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 In the struggle that ensued no less than twenty -four different sites were proposed, 
 viz : On the banks of the Delaware near Trenton ; on the banks of the Potomac 
 near Georgetown ; Newport, K. I. ; New York city, and Kingston, N. Y. ; on the 
 Delaware near the falls; Alexandria, and also Williamsburg, Va. ; at Georgetown, 
 Md. ; on the Delaware near Wilmington ; Trenton, N. J. ; Philadelphia, Lan- 
 caster, York, Wright's Ferry, Harrisburg, Reading, Germantown, Chester, and 
 some place on the eastern bank of the Susquehanna, all in Pennsylvania ; at or 
 near the Little Falls on the Potomac ; Baltimore, and Annapolis, Md. ; and, finally, 
 some place " between the rivers Susquehanna and Potomac, at the most healthy and 
 convenient place, having due regard to the navigation of the Atlantic Ocean, and 
 the situation of the western territory." 
 
 Several of these places were adopted by the Senate or House at various times, 
 but failed in the other branch. 
 
 Various conditions were also prescribed from time to time, one of the first being 
 by Mr. Munroe, that Maryland and Virginia should advance the money required 
 to erect the necessary buildings, as a condition of its being located at Georgetown 
 on the Potomac. Another was, that the States of Pennsylvania and Maryland 
 should make provision for the removal of all obstructions to the navigation of the 
 Susquehanna, between the ocean and the proposed seat of government. Again, 
 that the States of Delaware and Maryland should "open a water communication 
 between the bay of Chesapeake and Delaware," as a condition of its being located 
 at Wilmington ; and, again, that " no district be accepted until the President of 
 the United States should be satisfied of the practicability of effecting a navigation 
 from the seat of government to the mouth of said river." 
 
 So, too, several of the propositions authorized the President to " accept of grants 
 of money and of land " for the erection of the public buildings. 
 
 Inducements were also offered by several of the States and cities. Pennsyl- 
 vania offered to transfer the public buildings in Philadelphia, owned by the State, 
 and the city of New York offered her public buildings, while the citizens of Balti- 
 more subscribed between twenty and thirty thousand pounds for the erection of the 
 necessary buildings there. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 A DUAL CAPITAL. 
 
 Among other propositions was one to establish a dual capital, one to be located 
 at the north, and the other at the south, Congress to meet alternately at each. On 
 the 17th of October, 1783, Mr. Gerry of Massachusetts, seconded by Mr. Lee of 
 Virginia, introduced a resolution, stating that " whereas the resolutions of the 7th, 
 to erect buildings for their use at or near the falls of Delaware are not satisfactory 
 to a respectable part of the United States, and whereas Congress had no prospect 
 of a general assent to any one place for their residence, and there is every reason 
 to expect that the providing buildings for the alternate residence of Congress in 
 two places will be productive of the most salutary effects, by securing the mutual 
 confidence and affections of the States, and preserving the federal balance of power, 
 it is, therefore, resolved that buildings be likewise erected for the use of Congress 
 at or near the lower falls of Potomac or Georgetown." A committee, consisting 
 of Messrs. Hawkins and Williamson of North Carolina, Gerry of Massachusetts, 
 Carroll of Maryland, and Mercer of Virginia, was appointed to examine the 
 region specified on the Potomac, and that near the falls of the Delaware, and 
 directed to report as soon as possible. In April, 1784, this matter was taken up 
 by Mr. McHenry, who proposed that as soon as the committee should report, 
 Congress should proceed forthwith to erect such public buildings as should be 
 necessary for their sessions, and that "the foundations of said buildings shall be 
 laid at the same time, and no sum of money appropriated for the one, unless an 
 equal sum be appropriated for the other." 
 
 That there was an intense feeling in Congress on this subject is evidenced, not 
 only by this proposed compromise, but also by the following extracts from the 
 debates : 
 
 Said Mr. Scott of Pennsylvania : " The existence of the union depends on this 
 subject." 
 
 Said Mr. Stone of Maryland : " No question would so fully try the tempers of 
 that body as this." 
 
 Said Mr. Ames of Massachusetts : " I believe it will involve as many passions 
 as can reside in the human heart. Every principle of local interest, of pride and 
 honor, and even of patriotism itself are engaged." 
 
 Said Mr. Madison : " Had a prophet started up in the convention and foretold 
 the proceedings of this day, Virginia would not now be a party to this constitu- 
 tion." 
 
 Finally, on the 8th of June, 1790, after a struggle of nearly seven years, the 
 Senate proceeded to a final consideration of the report of the Committee on the 
 bill "to settle this vexed question." This report, in brief, stated that "taking a 
 combination of circumstances into consideration the present session is a proper 
 time for fixing on the permanent residence of Congress and the Government of 
 the United States. And, after due consideration, recommend that it be placed on 
 the eastern or northeastern bank of the Potomac." 
 
 Then ensued another struggle, lasting for a month, during which efforts were 
 made by the friends of Wilmington, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and other places to 
 get them substitued for that on the Potomac, but without avail ; and, on the 9th of 
 July, 1790, the act was passed, and was approved on the 16th. 
 
 A COMPROMISE. 
 
 In order to a clear understanding of this subject it is necessary, at this point, to 
 refer to another matter. Although not so shown on the public records, it is well 
 understood by all familiar with the history of the times, and as stated by Benton 
 in his "Abridgment of the Debates," that the final location of the National Capital 
 was the result of a compromise. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 SENATE CHAMBER, CAPITOL, WASHINGTON, 
 
 At that time the Government was engaged in the effort to fund its debts; and 
 among the troublesome propositions introduced was one providing that the General 
 Government should assume the debts incurred by the several States in carrying on 
 the Revolutionary war, amounting to $20,000,000. This measure was urged by 
 the North, which had furnished the greater portion of the men and means, on the 
 ground that the expenditure had been for the benefit of the country as a whole, 
 while it was unpopular at the South, because it would increase their proportion. 
 Hamilton found that to carry the measure would require some southern votes ; 
 and in connection with Jefferson, who was greatly interested in having the Capital 
 located in Virginia, or as near as possible, it was arranged that the latter should 
 induce the Virginia delegation to vote for the assumption, while Hamilton was to 
 induce the New York delegation to give up their preference for the location of the 
 Capital at the North. The result was, that the bill locating the Capital on the 
 Potomac passed on the 16th of July, and that for the assumption of the debts 
 on the 4^h of August, 1790. Maryland ceded her right to the District December 
 23, 17?o, and confirmed it by act of December 19th, 1791 ; Virginia by act of 
 December 3, 1789. 
 
 e 
 
 WHAT THE BILL CONTAINED. 
 
 The bill provided for the appointment by the President of three commissioners, 
 who, under his direction, were to locate a district not exceeding ten miles square, 
 
10 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 and by proper metes and bounds define and limit the same, " which, when so de- 
 fined and limited, should be deemed the district accepted by the act for the per- 
 manent seat of the Government of the United States." 
 
 It also required that the commissioners should, " prior to the first Monday in 
 December, 1800, provide suitable buildings for the accommodation of Congress 
 and of the President, and for the public offices of the Government of the United 
 States ; " and that, " for defraying the expenses of such purchases and buildings, 
 the President of the United States be authorized and requested to accept grants of 
 money and cause to be borrowed a sum riot exceeding $100,000, at an interest not 
 exceeding six per cent. ; for payment of which, and repayment of the principal 
 within twenty years, so much of the duties on imports and tonnage as may be 
 sufficient is hereby pledged and appropriated." 
 
 The Senate reconsidered and struck out the clause authorizing the borrowing of 
 the $100,000, by a vote of 19 to 7, and a subsequent motion to restore it was lost 
 without a division. We thus have the strange spectacle of Congress requiring 
 the Commissioners to erect the public buildings, and yet refusing to provide any 
 means for doing it ! How it was done will appear further on. The first commis- 
 sioners were David Stuart of Virginia, Thomas Johnson and Daniel Carroll of 
 Maryland. 
 
 THE TRANSFER TO THE GOVERNMENT. 
 
 A large part of the site of the city was then owned by David Burns, Daniel 
 Carroll, Notely Young, and Robert Peters, besides several owners of small tracts 
 and village lots in the two small villages of Hamburg, near the present observa- 
 tory, and Carrollsburg at the junction of James' creek, and the Eastern branch, 
 near the present arsenal. 
 
 The conditions of the grant were that the entire property should be conveyed 
 in trust to Thomas Beall and Geo. M. Gantt ; that the commissioners under the 
 direction of the President should proceed to lay out the city as they pleased ; that 
 they should select such ground as they might deem necessary for the public build- 
 ings, etc., and that the balance of it should be divided into suitable squares and 
 lots, to be divided equally between the Government and the original proprietors, 
 each alternately chosing a lot. For so much of the ground as might be selected 
 as reservations for public buildings, etc., the Government should pay at the rate 
 of £25 Maryland currency, equal to $66.66 per acre ; but for all the balance 
 including the streets, avenues, and alleys, it was not to pay anything — the trustees 
 after the selection and division to convey to each party their respective shares. 
 
 The following is an extract from the deed : 
 
 " That all the said lands hereby bargained and sold, or such part thereof as 
 may be thought necessary or proper, to be laid out, together with the other lands 
 within the same limit, for a Federal city, with such streets, squares, and parcels 
 and lots as the President of the United States for the time being shall approve." 
 
 Thus the proprietors parted with all the soil for the purpose of building here a 
 Federal city, leaving it exclusively with the President to select from the whole 
 whatever he might deem necessary or desirable for that purpose. No reservation 
 was made in the deed for the benefit of the proprietors, other than that after the 
 President had indicated all the streets, squares, parcels, and lots that he should 
 ■deem proper for the use of the United States, there should be — 
 
 " A fair and equal division of the remaining lots, and the United States should 
 pay for its reservations and lots at the rate of twenty-five pounds sterling per 
 acre." 
 
 The deed does not provide for the dedication of any public squares, streets, or 
 avenues to the public use, but the absolute fee-simple vested in the United States, 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 11 
 
 LOBBY OF SENATE, CAPITOL, "WASHINGTON. 
 
 so that the Government could at any time close a street or occupy a public square 
 for such purposes as it deemed proper. 
 
 The question as to the scope of the deed in this regard came early in a dispute 
 between the commissioners and the proprietors. The latter thought that the 
 United States had the right only to use the streets as public highways, and not to 
 alienate them or divert them to other uses. 
 
 Attorneys-General Lee, Breckenridge, Wirt, and dishing advised that the 
 United States had the fee-simple title to the streets, avenues, and reservations, 
 and it was so held in the case of Van Ness et ux vs. The City of Washington (4 
 Peters, 232). Of this grant the Supreme Court says : 
 
 " The grants were made for the foundation of a Federal city, and the jmblic 
 faith was necessarily pledged when the grants were accepted to found such a 
 city." 
 
 Again : 
 
 " Congress must forever have an interest to protect and aid the city." 
 "The city was designed to last in perpetuity — Capitola immobile saxum." 
 
 No imperial government ever possessed greater power over the soil than was 
 conveyed in this deed. 
 
12 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 The absolute control is further seen in the following clause of the deed, which 
 in its provisions for the reconveyance of lots says: 
 
 " But the said conveyance of the said grantor, his heirs or assigns, as well as the 
 conveyance and purchase, shall be on and subject to such terms and conditions 
 as shall be thought reasonable by the President for the time being, for regulating 
 the materials and manner of buildings, and improvements on the lots generally in 
 the said city, or any particular streets, or parts thereof, for common convenience,, 
 safety, and order." 
 
 Here we have the very construction of the houses, and the improvements gene- 
 rally, subject to the exclusive will of the President. 
 
 THE GIFT TO THE GOVERNMENT. 
 
 The total area of the city, as laid out, was 7,161 acres, which, under the above 
 arrangement, was divided as follows: 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Taken for streets and avenues - - - 3,604 
 
 Taken for public reservations - - - 541 
 
 10,136 lots taken by the Government - 1,508 
 
 5,653 
 10,136 lots reconveyed to the original proprietors - 1,508 
 
 Total 7,161 
 
 The 541 acres, at the price agreed upon, amounted to $35,266.66, but as this was 
 paid for out of the proceeds of the lots donated, it will be seen that the Govern- 
 ment received the 5,653 acres as a free gift from the citizens of the District, and 
 which is now estimated to be worth about $35,000,000 ! 
 
 THE ARCHITECT OF THE CITY. 
 
 The plan of the city was devised, as is well known, by a French engineer by the 
 name of Pierre C. L'Enfant, who came to this country about 1777 and served in the 
 w y ar for independence. He was wounded in the assault on Savannah under Count 
 D'Estaing, was subsequently captured by the British, and in 1782 was exchanged. 
 In 1789 he was employed to transform the building in New York City used by 
 Congress, and known as Federal Hall. He was made a major of engineers in 
 1783, and was sent to France by the Society of Cincinnati to superintend the 
 preparation of the badge of the society, for which he was never paid. He was 
 then employed by Robert Morris to design and superintend the erection for him 
 at Philadelphia of the most costly house then in the country, and believed to be 
 the first sample of the mansard roof on this continent. While at work on this 
 house he was selected by President Washington to plat the site of the Federal City. 
 He completed the work of platting the city, but owing to differences between him- 
 self and the Commissioners, as well as with the citizen-owners, he Avas relieved 
 and the work placed in charge of Andrew Ellicot. It appears from the meagre 
 records extant that, like most military officers, he was very arbitrary, and refused 
 to yield to the persuasion of the Commissioners or the advice of Washington, who, 
 in speaking of the incorrect map of the city first published, says : " That many 
 alterations have been made from L'Enfant's plan by Major Ellicott, with the 
 approbation of the Executive, is not denied ; that some were essential, is avowed; 
 and had it not been for the materials which he happened to possess, it is probable 
 that no engraving from L'Enfant's draughts ever would have been exhibited to 
 the public ; for, after the disagreement took place between him and the Commis- 
 sioners, his obstinacy threw every difficulty in the way of its accomplishment." 
 
WASHINGTON CITY, 
 
 13 
 
 As illustrating his arbitrary conduct, it is stated that when the Carrolls erected 
 a laro-e brick building in the vicinity of the Capitol, and which he thought inter- 
 fered with his plan, instead of applying to the courts, L'Enfant and his men tore 
 it down. Whereupon Washington wrote him, warning him that he and every- 
 body were subordinate to the common law of the neighborhood, — a warning that 
 mio-ht well be repeated to some of the military officers more recently on duty in 
 the District. 
 
 L'Enfant felt much aggrieved at his removal 
 by Jefferson, and refused to receive the sum of 
 $666.66 with interest, amounting to $1,394.20, 
 which Congress subsequently voted him for the 
 balance of his pay. Subsequently, Munroe ap- 
 pointed him Professor of Engineering at West 
 Point, and entreated him to accept ; but he de- 
 clined, endorsing on the back of his commis- 
 sion the words, '' Not accepted, but not refused." 
 His last work was the erection of Fort Wash- 
 ington on the Potomac, at the breaking out 
 >f the war of 1812. Thereafter he seems to 
 have lived in retirement with a family in Mary- 
 land near by, and died in March, 1825. He 
 \vas buried on the Digges' farm, now owned 
 by Mr. Puggs, about five miles northeast of the 
 city. 
 
 Ford's Old Theatre, now Medical Museum. 
 
 THE PLAN OF THE CITY. 
 
 The plan of the city is unique. Jefferson appears to have taken great interest 
 in the matter, and having recently returned from Europe, where he had procured 
 plats of the principal cities of France, Holland, and Germany, he sent them to 
 L'Enfant to aid him, but added that he preferred the plan of Old Babylon, which 
 had been received at Philadelphia. 
 
 As shown by the map still extant, and the memoranda thereon, the idea of all 
 concerned evidently was to provide for a magnificent city, one worthy of a great 
 and free republic, and which, when completed, should excel the capitol of any 
 nation of modern times. 
 
 What first attracts the attention of strangers is the unusual width of the streets, 
 they averaging from 90 to 130 feet, while the avenues are 160 feet, and sidewalks 
 from 10 to 20 feet wide. The capitol building is the geographical center of the 
 city. The city is divided into rectangular squares by streets running east and 
 west, and north and south. In addition to these a series of broad avenues are 
 arranged to intersect each other at the capitol like spokes at the hub of a wheel. 
 Another series intersect at the White House, while others still are arranged 
 diagonally in other portions of the city. 
 
 As all these avenues run diagonally across the streets, at various angles, in many 
 instances obliterating the streets for a square or more, and also cross each other 
 at different angles, it renders it somewhat difficult for strangers to find localities. 
 This is rendered still more perplexing by the fact that the names of the streets are 
 duplicated, those running north and south being designated by numbers, and those 
 running east and w r est by letters, in both cases commencing at the Capitol and 
 counting in opposite directions. Hence, we have A, B, C, etc., north, and A, B, 
 C, etc., south ; 1st, 2d, 3d, etc., east, and 1st, 2d, 3d, etc., west. This is perhaps 
 the most unfortunate feature of the plan ; but as in re-numberiug the buildings 
 a few years since, each square was made to begin with an additional 100, the 
 difficulty has been much lessened. By this means, when one hears the number, 
 he can at once tell how many squares distant it is from the Capitol ; and as the 
 
14 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY, 
 
 letters N. E., S. E., S. W., or N. W., are usually added, it indicates also the 
 
 direction from the Capitol. For instance: 700 9th street N. W., would he seven 
 
 squares north and nine squares west from the Capitol. 
 
 The avenues are named 
 after the States, aud at nearly 
 every point where they in- 
 tersect, there is left an open 
 space, some triangular, 
 others round, and others rect- 
 angular ; these, with others 
 still larger, heing known as 
 public reservations, t h u s- 
 forming throughout the city 
 a large number of parks, 
 which are gradually being 
 improved by ornamental 
 shrubbery, flower beds, statu- 
 ary and fountains. In addi- 
 tion to these, there is what 
 was designated as the Mall, 
 a large reservation extending 
 on the south of Pennsylvania 
 avenue, from the Capitol to 
 the White House. In this 
 are located the National 
 Museum, the Smithsonian 
 Institution, the Agricultural 
 Department, Washington's 
 Monument, Babcock Lake, 
 the ponds for fish culture, 
 and the Botanical Garden. 
 
 The plan of the city, as 
 finally agreed upon, was 
 submitted to Congress by 
 Washington, December 13, 
 1791. 
 
 The following extract from 
 the explanatory notes on the 
 map spoken of will give 
 some idea of the grandeur 
 of the plan, and of the ideas 
 
 of its designers : 
 
 "Observations explanatory of the plan : 
 
 "First. The positions for the different grand edifices, and for the several grand 
 squares, or areas of different shapes, as they are laid down, were first determined 
 on the most advantageous ground, commanding the most extensive prospect, and 
 the better susceptible of such improvements as the various intents of the several 
 objects may require. 
 
 ."Secondly. Lines or avenues of direct communication have been devised to 
 connect the separate and most distant objects with the principal, and to preserve 
 through the whole a reciprocity of sight at the same time. Attention has been 
 paid to the passing of those leading avenues over the most favorable ground for 
 prospect and convenience. 
 
 "Thirdly. North and south lines, intersected by others running due east and 
 west, make the distribution of the city into streets, squares, etc., and those lines 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 15- 
 
 have been so combined as to meet at certain given points with those divergent 
 avenues, so as to form on the spaces first determined the different squares or areas, 
 ■which are all proportioned in magnitude to the number of avenues leading to- 
 them. 
 
 " BREADTH OF STREETS. 
 
 "Every grand transverse avenue, and every principal divergent one, such as 
 the communication from the President's house to the Congress House, etc., are 
 one hundred and sixty feet in breadth, and thus divided : 
 
 Feet, 
 
 "Ten feet of pavement on each side, . . . 20 
 
 " Thirty feet of gravel walk, planted with trees on each side, SQ"^ 
 
 "Eighty feet in the middle for carriage way, . . . SO 
 
 160 
 "The other streets are of the following dimensions, to wit: 
 
 " Those leading to the public buildings or markets, 130 feet ; others, 110 feet :• 
 others 90 feet." 
 
 REFERENCES. 
 
 "A. The equestrian figure of George Washington; a monument voted in 1783,. 
 by the late Continential Congress." 
 
 This is the site now occupied by the Washington Monument. 
 
 " B. A historic column, also extended for a mile or itinerary column, for 
 whose station (a mile from the Federal House), all distances of places through 
 the continent are to be calculated." 
 
 This spot is now what is known as Lincoln Square, near the terminus of East 
 Capitol street. 
 
 " C. A naval itinerary proposed to be erected to celebrate the first rise of the 
 Navy, and to stand a ready monument to consecrate its progress and achievements." 
 
 This spot is near the steamboat landing, at the foot of Seventh street. 
 
 " D. This church is intended for national purposes, such as public prayer, thanks- 
 givings, funeral orations, etc., and assigned to the special use of no particular sect, 
 or denomination, but equally open to all. It will be likewise proper shelter for 
 such monuments as were voted by the late Continental Congress for those heroes,, 
 who fell in the cause of liberty, and for such others as may hereafter be decreed 
 by the vote of a grateful nation." 
 
 This was to have been our " Westminster Abbey," and its site is now occupied by 
 the Patent Office. 
 
 " E. Five grand fountains intended with a constant spout of water. 
 
 " N. B. — There are within the limits of the city about twenty-five good springs 
 of excellent water abundantly supplied in the driest season of the year. " 
 
 These fountains were to have been located, one on Pennsylvania avenue, between 
 Twentieth and Twenty-second streets ; one on New Jersey avenue and G street 
 southwest ; another on Maryland avenue and Eighth street northeast. 
 
 " F. Grand cascade formed by the water from the source of the Tiber." 
 
 This was at the base of the Capitol. 
 
 " G. Public walk, being a square of twelve hundred feet, through which carri- 
 ages ascend to the upper square of the Federal House." 
 
 This is what is now known as The Mall. 
 
 " H. Grand avenue, four hundred feet in breadth and about a mile in length, 
 bordered with gardens, ending in a slope from the houses on each side. This ave- 
 nue leads to the monument, A, and connects the Congress garden with — 
 
16 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 " I. The President's park, and the — 
 
 " K. Well-improved field, being a part of the walk from the President's House, 
 of about eight hundred feet in breadth and three-fourths of a mile in length. 
 Every lot deep-colored red, with green plats, designates some of the situations 
 which command the most agreeable prospect, and which are the best calculated 
 for spacious houses and gardens, such as may accommodate foreign ministers, &c. 
 
 THE WHITE HOUSE. 
 
 "L. Around the square (Capitol Square) and all along M, the avenue from the two 
 bridges to the Federal House the pavement on each side will pass under an arched 
 way, under whose cover shops will be most convenient and agreeably situated. 
 This street is one hundred and sixty feet in breadth, and a mile long." 
 
 This refers to Pennsylvania avenue east and East Capitol street. 
 
 " The squares colored yellow, being fifteen in number, are proposed to be divided 
 among the several States of the Union for each of them to improve, or subscribe 
 a sum additional to the value of the same for that purpose, and the improvements 
 around the square to be completed in a limited time. 
 
 " The center of each square will admit of statues, columns, obelisks, or any other 
 ornament such as the different States may choose to erect to perpetuate not only 
 the memory of such individuals whose counsel or military achievements were con- 
 spicious of giving liberty and independence to this country, but also those whose 
 usefulness hath rendered them worthy of general imitation to invite the youth of 
 succeeding generations to tread in the paths of those sages or heroes whom their 
 country has thought proper to celebrate. 
 
 " The situation of these square is such that they are the most advantageously 
 and reciprocally seen from each other, and as equally distributed over the whole 
 city district, and connected by spacious avenues around the grand Federal im- 
 provements, and as contiguous to them and at the same time as equally distant 
 from each other as circumstances would admit. The settlements around these 
 squares must soon become connected. 
 
 " The figures colored red intended for the use of all religious demonstrations, on 
 which they are to erect places of worship, and are proposed to be allowed them in 
 the manner as those colored yellow to the different States of the Union, but no 
 burying ground will be admitted within the limits of the city, an appropriation 
 being intended for that purpose without. 
 
 " N. B. — There is a number of squares or acres unappropriated, and in situation 
 proper for colleges, academies, and of which every society whose object is national 
 may be accommodated." 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 17 
 
 This mode of taking possession of and improving the whole District, at first 
 must leave to posterity a grand idea of the patriotic interest which prompted it. 
 
 When, in November, 1800, Congress assembled here for the first time, President 
 Adams said : 
 
 " I congratulate the people of the United States on the assembling of Congress 
 at the permanent seat of their government, and I congratulate you, gentlemen, 
 upon the prospect of a residence not to be changed. 
 
 " May this territory be the residence of virtue and happiness. In this city may 
 that piety, fraught with wisdom and magnanimity, that constancy and self-govern- 
 ment which adorned the great character whose name it bears, be forever held in 
 veneration. Here and throughout our country may simple manners, pure morals, 
 and true religion flourish forever. 
 
 " It is for you, gentlement, to consider whether the local powers of the District 
 of Columbia, vested by the Constitution in the Congress of the United States, 
 shall be immediately exercised. If, in your opinion, this important trust ought 
 now to be executed, you cannot fail, while performing it, to take into view the 
 probable situation of the territory for the happiness of which you are about to 
 provide. You will consider it as the Capital of a great Nation, advancing with in- 
 exhaustible rapidity in arts, commerce, in wealth, and in population, and possess- 
 ing within itself those energies and resources which, if not thrown away or 
 lamentably misdirected, will secure to it a long course of prosperity and self- 
 government." 
 
 From the foregoing it is obvious that the idea was to make a magnificent city, 
 and that the public sentiment of the time sustained this idea is shown by the fol- 
 lowing from the Philadelphia Herald, of January 4, 1795, which said : 
 
 " To found a city for the purpose of making it the depository of the acts 
 of the Union, and the sanctuary of the laws which must one day rule all 
 North America, is a grand and comprehensive idea, which has already become 
 with propriety the object of public respect. The city of Washington, considered 
 under such important points of view, could not be calculated on a small scale ; 
 the extent, the disposition of its avenues and public squares, should all correspond 
 with the magnitude of the objects for which it was intended, and we need only 
 cast our eyes upon the situation and the plan of the city to recognize in them the 
 comprehensive genius of the President, to whom the direction of the business has 
 been committed by Congress." 
 
 The result of all this was a most extensive and expensive plan for a city. As 
 has been shown, the streets and avenues alone occupy more than half of the en- 
 tire area of the city. There is not another case like it in the world. Some idea 
 may be formed by comparing it with other cities in this respect, , thus : 
 
 Boston, street area . .... 26 per cent. 
 
 Berlin, " 26 
 
 Philadelphia, " 29 
 
 Vienna, " 35 
 
 New York, " 35 
 
 Paris, " 25 
 
 Washington, " . .... 54 " 
 
 01 course no community, and least of all one which, like this, has so few manu- 
 factures, and its commerce and trade mostly such as will simply supply the local 
 wants, where one-third of the population is colored, a large portion of whom were 
 brought here by the war and left utterly destitute, with one-eighth of the remain- 
 ing two-thirds in the Government service and mostly nonresidents, would ever 
 have dreamed of laying out a city on such a scale. They would have known that 
 2 
 
18 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 they could not possibly build or support it. The citizens did not do it ; it was 
 done by the United States Government for its own purposes. In fact there were 
 comparatively no citizens here, only the few original proprietors scattered about 
 on their farms, and the few residents in the two small villages previously men- 
 tioned. Everything had to be built from the ground up. Most of the land was 
 covered by a heavy forest. The northwestern portion, now occupied by splendid 
 residences, was a succession of hills and gulleys, while a large tract along Penn- 
 sylvania avenue, in the vicinity of the Center Market and the National Hotel, 
 was a marsh, in which men still living went shooting ducks and snipe. 
 
 A recent writer, in describing the condition of Washington in early times, 
 says : 
 
 " Pennsylvania Avenue — the Appian Way of our Republic — was graded, while 
 Jefferson was President, at a cost of $14,000. He personally superintended the 
 planting of four rows of Lombardy poplars along that portion of it between the 
 Capitol and the White House — a row along each curbstone and two ecmi-distant 
 rows in the roadway, which was thus divided into three parts, like Unter der Lin- 
 den at Berlin. In the winter and spring the driveway would often be full of 
 mudholes, some of them ankle-deep, and some of the cross-streets would be an almost 
 impassable bed of red clay, worked by passing horses and wheels into a thick mor- 
 tar. On one oocasion, when Mr. Webster and a friend undertook to go to George- 
 town in a hackney-coach, to attend a dinner party, the vehicle got stuck in a mud- 
 hole, and the driver had to carry his passengers, one at a time, to the sidewalk, 
 where they stood until the empty carriage could be pulled out. Mr. Webster, in 
 narrating this incident years afterwards, used to laugh over his fears that his bearer 
 would fall beneath his weight and ruin his dress suit. 
 
 " John Randolph used to call Pennsylvania avenue ' the great Serbonian bog/ 
 and descant on the dangers of a trip over it, to or from the Union Hotel at George- 
 town, in the large stage, with seats on top, called the ' Royal George.' " 
 
 IT WAS THE GOVERNMENT'S W 7 ORK. 
 
 It was w r ell understood at that time that the Government was to build the city, 
 so far as the streets, &c, were concerned, and that the lots donated to it were to be 
 used for that purpose. 
 
 As has been well said : 
 
 " This mode of taking possession of and improving the whole District at first 
 must leave to posterity a grand idea of the patriotic interest which promoted it," 
 and shows clearly that it was the intention of the Government, which had thus 
 taken possession of it, was also to improve it. It was always spoken of by the au- 
 thorities in charge as the Federal City — the United States seat of Government ; and 
 for years the Commissioners, while erecting the public buildings, in their report, al- 
 ways speak of it as belonging to the Government ; and in their accounts they univer- 
 sally speak of the funds received and disbursed as the city funds. Both Washington 
 and Jefferson, in their communications to the Commissioners and to Congress, so 
 understood it. Washington, in a letter to the Commissioners, dated December 14, 
 1795, used this language : 
 
 " When you are in a situation to begin the opening of the avenues, it is presumed 
 those which will be more immediately useful will be first cleared." 
 
 Jefferson, in a letter to the Commissioners, dated August 29, 1801, says: 
 " I consider the erection of the Representatives' Chamber, and the making of a 
 good gravel road from the new bridge on Rock Creek, along Pennsylvania and 
 New Jersey avenues, to the Eastern Branch, as the most important objects for 
 insuring the destinies of the city which can be undertaken ;" thus showing that 
 he considered it as much the duty of the Government to improve the streets as to 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 19 
 
 build the chamber for the Representatives. And in his message to Congress, Jan- 
 uary 11, 1802, he speaks of the lots as being sufficient to meet certain demands, and 
 " insure a considerable surplus to the city to be employed for its improvement." 
 Again, he suggests that the sale of the lots be not forced beyond the demand for 
 them, lest "the residuary interest of the city be entirely lost." 
 
 By far the most complete statement on this point is to be found in the Report of 
 Mr. Southard, in the Senate, February 2, 1835, 23d Congress, Second Session, our 
 only regret being that we have not space for it all. 
 
 In order that the report may be the better understood, it is proper to remark 
 that the city had incurred a debt -which it had not the means to pay, and applied 
 to Congress for relief, on the ground that the debt had been mainly incurred for 
 the benefit of the Government. 
 
 EXTRACTS FROM THE REPORT. 
 
 " The committee deem it proper, in the first place, to state that, in the investi- 
 gation of the causes which have led to the embarrassed condition of the city, they 
 have not found reason to rebuke and condemn the imprudence or extravagance 
 of the inhabitants and the city authorities to the extent which they had antici- 
 pated. They have, it is believed, in some instances, been misled into expenditures 
 which did not appropriately belong to them, but the views by which they were 
 governed were of a liberal and public-spirited character. Such has been the fact 
 in relation to the streets. 
 
 " The first cause of embarrassment to which the action of the committee was 
 directed was the expense incurred in the opening and repairing of the streets. 
 The plan of the city is one of unusual magnitude and extent. The avenues and 
 streets are very wide, and for the number of the inhabitants much greater in dis- 
 tance than those of any other city on this continent, and necessarily require a pro- 
 portionate expenditure to make and keep them in repair. And as the city is not 
 grown in the usual manner, but has necessarily been created in' a short space of 
 time, the pressure for the public improvements has been alike sudden and burden- 
 some. The population is but little more than twenty thousand, of whom near 
 seven thousand are people of color and slaves, and a large number are temporary 
 residents connected with the Government. The avenues vary from one hundred 
 and twenty to one hundred and sixty feet in width ; the streets from eighty to one 
 hundred and forty-seven, the average being about ninety feet. The avenues and 
 streets which have to be opened and repaired, to fill up the plan of the city, em- 
 brace a distance of more than sixty miles. Upon the streets, then, has been 
 expended, since the year one thousand eight hundred, an annual average sum of 
 not less than 813,000, exclusive of a nearly equal amount assessed upon the inhab- 
 itants for the pavements, gutters, &c, a sum enormous in its amount, when the 
 character and resources of the population and their scattered position and the other 
 improvements which they have been compelled to make are considered. While 
 this burden from the streets was upon them, and within the short period since the 
 city was founded, they have been compelled to create their market houses, in- 
 firmaries, pumps, wells, lamps, fire-engines, and houses, pay their proportion for 
 the county roads, and the expense of their police, &c. 
 
 " The expenditure upon the streets, under these circumstances, has unquestion- 
 ably been one of the principal causes of the embarrassment of the city, and the 
 committee believe that it is one which ought not to have been thrown on the in- 
 habitants to the extent which it has been. They found this opinion upon the 
 early history of the city, the object of the nation in its establishment, and the con- 
 tracts made by the Government for the land which it possesses within its limits. 
 
 " The present seat of Government was eventually selected, and the location 
 made upon several plantations, upon which there was not one building or other 
 improvement for public accommodation and use. 
 
20 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 " The plan of the city was formed by the public authorities ; the dimensions of 
 the streets determined by them, without interference by the inhabitants, or regard 
 to their particular interest or convenience. It is a plan calculated for the mag- 
 nificent Capital of a great Nation, but oppressive from its very dimensions and 
 arrangements to the inhabitants, if its execution to any considerable extent is to 
 be thrown upon them. No people who anticipated the execution and subsequent 
 support of it out of their own funds would ever have dreamed of forming such a 
 plan. At that period neither the Government nor the proprietors contemplated 
 that the whole, or even a large proportion, of the burden should be thrown upon 
 the inhabitants of the city. This assertion is amply sustained by two considera- 
 tions : In the first place, the contract between the Government and the owners of 
 the land gave to the former a large extent of public lots, sufficient for all the edi- 
 fices and improvements which its convenience should require, and, in addition 
 thereto, one-half of all the building lots within the limits of the city, thus making 
 the Nation itself an equal owner of all the private property, and equally interested 
 for the benefit of this private property in all the improvements which might be 
 made. In the next place, the Government assumed, and from that day to the 
 pi'esent, has claimed and exercised entire and absolute control over all the streets 
 of the city, so that the inhabitants, or the corporate authorities, have no power to 
 enlarge or diminish them, nor to open or close them ; but the authority in these 
 respects has been exercised at all times by Congress. It has even closed one of 
 the streets and sold the ground which formed a part of it. 
 
 sr-j: 
 
 METROPOLITAN CLUB HOUSE. 
 
 " It could not have entered into the contemplation of any one at the date of the 
 contract, nor can it now be regarded as either reasonable or just, that the city should 
 bear the expense of streets, the property and control of which was so absolutely in 
 the Government, and more than one-half of the land adjacent to which belonged 
 to it, and must be increased in value by their improvement. The committee are 
 of opinion that the Government was bound, by every principle of equity, right, 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 21 
 
 and justice, to pay a proportion of the expense incurred upon this subject, equal 
 to the amount of the property which is held, and which was to be increased in 
 value and benefitted by it, and this would have been greatly more than one-half. 
 If the streets are its property, and to be regarded as altogether under its control, 
 it is not easy to perceive why it should call upon or permit others to keep that 
 property in order ; and, if the streets are to be regarded as for the joint con- 
 venience of the Government and the inhabitants, the expense of maintaining them 
 should be joint, and in proportion to their respective interest. 
 
 " The anticipation of all parties at the date of the contract, and for some time 
 subsequent, was that the property acquired by the Government would, under its 
 management and favorable auspices, be immensely productive, enabling it to secure 
 perfect accommodatious for itself, and ' insure a considerable surplus to the city, 
 to be employed in its improvement.' The city was regarded as having ' the 
 residuary interest ' in the property, an interest to which it then looked with hope 
 and confidence, and which was by proper arrangements to be ' saved.' If, under 
 these circumstances, it has happened that these expectations, created by the action 
 and avowed purposes of the Government, have been disappointed ; if the city has 
 too freely expended its resources on its own improvement, and if it be now severely 
 embarrassed, however it may be decided by some that it cannot claim from the 
 strict letter of the contract and rigid justice of the Nation an interference to re- 
 lieve all its embarrassment, yet it ought not to be regarded as inexcusably impor- 
 tunate when it asks for their alleviation. 
 
 " While this had been done, the Government and Nation Lave expended upon 
 their own streets, which they formed for their own purposes and to answer their 
 own objects, in which they have the exclusive property, over which they have ex- 
 ercised unlimited control, and which they may close and sell at pleasure, only 
 $208,925 ; and the whole of this sum, with the $10,000, has been devoted to 
 Pennsylvania avenue and the streets immediately around and adjoining the Capi- 
 tol and President's squares alone, the improvement of which was indispensable to 
 the Government itself, and promotive of its own interest in the convenience of its 
 officers and the transaction of the public business. Congress has expended noth- 
 ing except upon streets Avhich adjoin the public squares, and even upon such has 
 only made some pavements and walks, and set out some trees along the squares, 
 leaving the rest of the expense of even those streets to be borne by the city. 
 While, on the other hand, the city has not only expended the money on its streets 
 wherever the population was scattered over its immense area, but has especially 
 opened and improved those leading to the national establishments at the Navy 
 Yard and Arsenal, and those leading to and around the public squares and reser- 
 vations belonging to the Nation, and thus by its own means enhanced the value of 
 the public property. 
 
 " There has been appropriated for the streets and paid out of the city treasury 
 the sum of $429,971 ; and, in addition to this very large sum, it is a low estimate 
 to say that not less than $200,000 have been paid by the inhabitants for the im- 
 provement of the streets in various directions. Previous to the year 1830 there 
 had been 106,371 running feet of pavement made, besides the curb-stones and 
 paved gutters, and paid for by special taxes upon the lots, to which the private 
 building lots of the Government had contributed no part, although they derived 
 an equal benefit therefrom. 
 
 " While they do not think that the city was bound to expend the money of the 
 inhabitants upon the streets which the Nation claimed and regulated, they believe 
 the narrowest measure of justice would have required, and does now require, that 
 the Government, having in its private building lots and public reservations at 
 least an equal interest in the improvement of the streets, should pay at least one- 
 half of the expense of those streets, and that one-half of the money expended by 
 the city for this purpose ought now to be refunded to it, being $214,965. 
 
22 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 " Should this sum be appropiated by Congress, the city will receive only the prin- 
 cipal money, and unless interest be paid upon it, it will lose many thousand 
 dollars. 
 
 " The Committee, therefore, conclude that Congress ought to make an appropri- 
 ation to reimburse to the city the amount of money which it has expended for the 
 benefit of the Government. 
 
 CENTRAL ROOM, CONGRESSIONAL, LIBRARY, 
 CAPITOL, WASHINGTON. 
 
 "In the acts of incorporation, which gave to the city a partial control and regu- 
 lation over the streets, there is no exemption of the property of the Government 
 from taxation, and it might perhaps be properly inferred that Congress did not 
 intend that it should be exempted, but that it should be equally subject to those 
 burdens which become necessary for the common benefit of the whole. But the 
 corporate authorities have, with prudence and propriety, abstained from levying 
 taxes upon it, and have laid the whole weight upon that part of the property which 
 belongs to individuals, while the Government has been equally participant in the 
 benefits which have resulted from them. The assessments have been' regularly 
 made upon all, public and private alike, the taxes have been collected only from 
 the private holders of property. 
 
 "The streets were not only oppressive from their size and extent in their origi- 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 23 
 
 nal formation, but they will, from the same cause, continue to be an unending 
 source of expense in their repair. They must annually cost nearly double the 
 amount of streets of the same length of moderate dimensions. The Government, 
 which created this condition of things, ought not to be very deaf to the complaints 
 of those upon whom such burden has fallen. 
 
 " For this large extent of land, equal to all its present and prospective wants, 
 the Government paid, nominally, the sum of $36,099 to the proprietors of the soil, 
 but in reality nothing. This sum was not drawn from the general treasury, nor 
 one cent of it contributed by the people of the United .States. The whole ,of it 
 was taken out of the proceeds of the sales of the building lots, which had also 
 been secured by the Government in the contract with the landholders. It thus 
 appears that the people of the United States have paid nothing for all their public 
 lots, nor the property in the streets. They procured them, and now own them, 
 without the expenditure of a single dollar. 
 
 "This property is purely the property of the Union. Part of the payments 
 which have been made for the buildings and improvements were appropriately 
 taken out of the common treasury. And the committee are of the opinion that 
 it would have comported quite as well with the character and interests of the 
 Union if the whole property had been drawn from that source, and no portion of 
 the money extracted by contract from individuals and by donations from States. 
 The people of the United States were at all times, and they are now, unquestion- 
 ably, able to provide from their common fund for the accommodation of their 
 Government, without relying upon grants, induced either by a feeling of liberality 
 toward or by any consideration of exclusive benefit to be derived from its presence. 
 
 " The number of building lots acquired by the Government was 10,136. A large 
 proportion of them have been sold and given away by Congress, and it appears, 
 by the records in the office of the Commissioner of Public Buildings, that the ac- 
 count of the Government in regard to them may be thus stated. The cost of said 
 lots was nothing : 
 
 There have been received from the sale of building lots - - $741,524.45 
 
 There have been given away to charitable and literary institutions 
 
 lots to the value of ----- - 70,000.00 
 
 ($2,500 of which were given to a college out of the city.) 
 The lots undisposed of, according to the assessment of 1824, were 
 
 worth - _ - - - - ... 109,221.84 
 
 There was received by the Government in grants from the States 
 
 of Maryland and Virginia, in the years 1790 and 1791 - 192,000.00 
 
 Amounting, in all, to .... $1,112,746.29 
 
 And if it be a correct estimate to put the value of the whole public 
 
 reservation at - - - - - - - 1,500,000.00 
 
 The amount will be - - - - - $2,612,746.29 
 
 " Thus it appears that the Government has received from the grants and dona- 
 tions made to it of lands and money for the benefit of this city, and its accommo- 
 dations therein, more than two millions of dollars. 
 
 "The only appropriation of money which appears to have been made exclusively 
 for the city was that of $150,000, to enable it to complete the canal which unites 
 the waters of the Potomac with the Eastern Branch ; and yet even this was a 
 concern originally belonging to the Government, which it directed, and over which 
 its Commissioners had control, both as to its location and its execution. It was 
 subsequently thrown upon the city, and has had a tendency to improve the prop- 
 erty of the Nation as well as that of the inhabitants. [Since filled up.] 
 
 "In the investigation of the subject committed to them, and of the relief to be 
 proposed, the committee have been unable to separate the interests of the District 
 
24 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 from the interests of the United States. They regard it as the child of the Union, 
 as the creation of the Union for its own purposes." 
 
 This was the first, and is a complete official statement of the relations existing 
 between the general and local governments. The obligation of the United States, 
 as above set forth, is confirmed by subsequent reports as follows : 
 
 Senator Brown, 15th May, 1858. 
 
 House Com. on District of Columbia, 13th May, 1872. 
 
 House Com. on Judiciary, 1st June, 1874. 
 
 Joint Com. of two Houses, 7th Dec, 1874. 
 
 Joint Com. of two Houses, 1876. 
 
 And repeatedly by the messages of the Executive. 
 
 As showing how completely the Government considered the building of the 
 city as being under its control, it may be mentioned that as early as 1791, Wash- 
 ington prescribed regulations controlling the erection of all private buildings in 
 the city, providing, among other things, that the outer and party walls of all 
 houses should be of brick or stone, none less than 35, and none more than 40, feet 
 high, the whole to be done under the superintendence of persons appointed by the 
 Commissioners, who were to control all the details of their actions. 
 
 The Government was very poor ; its gross receipts, from March 4, 1789, to Jan- 
 uary 1, 1792, was but $4,771,342.53, an average of but $4,678.41 per day, while 
 for 1883, it averaged $2,614,*323.68 per day, a most graphic illustration of the 
 wonderful growth of the Nation's wealth. 
 
 HOW THE ACCOUNT STANDS NOW. 
 
 In 1878, in answer to a resolution of the Senate of April 29th, the Secretary 
 of the Treasury made a report, showing the total amount expended by the United 
 
 
 
 VAX NESS MANSION, AND DAVY BURXS'S COTTAGE. 
 
 States in the District of Columbia for all purposes, from July 16, 1790, to June 
 30, 1876, the total amount being $92,112,395.87. Of this amount but$5,975,294.98 
 was expended for the improvement of the city, that is, for the streets, avenues, 
 and sewers. During the same time the private citizens had expended for the pur- 
 poses of the local government about $45,000,000 — of which $20,375,410.70 was 
 for the improvement of the streets and avenues, up to 1874. The amount thus- 
 expended by the District was increased during the succeeding two years to 
 $35,000,000, so that at the date of the Secretary's report, the citizens had expended 
 nearly six times as much for street improvements as the General Government had. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 25 
 
 HOW THE PUBLIC BUILDINGS WERE BUILT. 
 
 As previously stated, Congress required the buildings to be ready for their 
 meeting in November 1800, but made no appropriation therefor. The State of 
 Maryland donated $72,000, and the State of Virginia $120,000, to aid in the work. 
 This was soon exhausted, and then recourse was had to the sale of the lots, which 
 had been donated by the citizens. 
 
 On September 27, 1792, President Washington ordered the Commissioners, after 
 the public sale which was to commence October 8th, to sell any lot or lots at 
 private sale, at such price and on such terms as they might deem proper. Under 
 this order, the Commissioners entered into a contract December 24th, 1793, by 
 which they sold to James Greenleaf and Robert Morris six thousand lots at £30 
 ($80) each, with the condition that they should erect thereon annually, during 
 the next seven years, twenty two-story brick houses, each to cover not less than 1200 
 square feet, in which time the lots were to be paid for ; and with the further condition 
 that those to whom they might sell should erect one house for every three lots 
 sold. 
 
 This sale proved disastrous both for the purchasers and the Government ; for, 
 although it was then expected that there would be a great rush for the new capi- 
 tal, and that the lots would increase rapidly in value, such was not the fact. In 
 the meantime, Greenleaf borrowed of capitalists in Holland about $2,000,000, 
 giving a mortgage on three thousand of the lots as security for its repayment in 
 six years. As there was but a slow increase of population, and but little demand 
 for the lots, Greenleaf and Morris were unable to realize on them, and hence failed 
 to carry out their contract. They failed to pay the Commissioners or the loan 
 made abroad, and in 1795 they ceased operations on the buildings they had agreed 
 to erect and on which little progress had been made. A litigation was commenced 
 which was continued with Greenleaf for forty years ; while Robert Morris, one of 
 the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and who had done more than any 
 other man to support the Government during the revolution, devoting his private 
 means and his credit for that purpose, who had been a Delegate in Congress in 
 1775 and 1777, Superintendent of Finance in 1781, a member of the Constitu- 
 tional Convention in 1787, U. S. Senator in 1788, and who refused the position of 
 Secretary of the Treasury tendered him by Washington, finally died in a debtor's 
 prison. 
 
 Failing to obtain the necessary means for the completion of the public build- 
 ings, in 1796 the Commissioners, in a memorial to Congress, asked permission to 
 borrow money for that purpose. 
 
 In his letter, transmitting this memorial to Congress, the President agreed with 
 the Commissioners that it was not advisable to force the sale of lots for which there 
 was no demand, and expressed his belief that "if the remaining resources were 
 properly cherished all the buildings required for the accommodation of Congress 
 might be completed in season, without aid from the Federal Treasury." 
 
 Congress passed an act January 28, 1796, authorizing them to borrow not ex- 
 ceeding $300,000. In regard to this loan the Commissioners, in their report, dated 
 January 28, 1801, say : 
 
 "It is needless to detail the fruitless attempts which were made to fill this loan 
 with actual specie. The only loan which could be obtained was $200,000 in United 
 States six per cent, stock at par from the State of Maryland, and for which the 
 Commissioners were obliged, in addition to the guaranty of Congress, to give bonds 
 in their individual capacities (to double the amount) agreeably to the resolutions 
 of the Assembly of that State, passed in 1796 and 1797. 
 
 " The moneys arising from the sales of this stock, with the interest accrued 
 thereon previous to the respective sales, amount to $169,873.41 ; and the interest 
 
26 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 paid thereon, up to the 30th of September last, inclusive, amounts to $39,000 ; so 
 that the net sum of $130,873.41 remained applicable to the use of the public." 
 
 In February, 1800, another loan of $50,000 was obtained from Maryland, which 
 netted $40,488.96, this, like the former loans, being secured by a mortgage on the 
 lots and the personal bonds of the Commissioners in addition to the guaranty of 
 Congress. On this the act of the Maryland Legislature required the interest to 
 be paid quarterly, and in default of payment of the interest of any quarter for 
 thirty days " the whole principal was to be sued for and recovered." 
 
 Now, when United States bonds at three per cent, are sought after, and four per 
 cents, command a premium of twenty-three per cent., we can hardly realize that 
 such a state of affairs could have existed — yet such is the record. 
 
 On the 23d of February, 1$08, in response to another memorial of the Com- 
 missioners, Congress authorized the Secretary of the Treasury to advance $100,000, 
 which it was declared should be in full of the sums previously guaranteed, the 
 balance having been paid by the Commissioners from the proceeds of the lots sold. 
 
 When the Capitol was burned by the British in 1814, the citizens of the District 
 erected and fitted up a building for the use of Congress, and which they occupied 
 until the Capitol building was restored. This building was known during the war 
 
 ill 
 
 THE EAST KOOJI IN THE 'WHITE HOUSE, WASHINGTON. 
 
 as " the Old Capitol Prison." It has since been rebuilt, and now forms three ele- 
 gant residences directly east of the Capitol grounds. At the same time the banks 
 of the District offered to loan the United States $500,000 to rebuild the public 
 buildings. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 27 
 
 The fact that the front of the Capitol is on the east side strikes strangers as a 
 curious circumstance ; but at the time it was built it was expected that the city- 
 would mainly occupy the plateau to the east. For various reasons this expecta- 
 tion was not fulfilled, and to-day the bulk of the city is in the rear of the Capitol. 
 
 COST OF THE PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 
 
 The original cost of the public buildings was $1,215,110.10; but they were 
 small and cheap affairs as compared with the present structures. The wings even 
 of the old Capitol were not completed, and the department buildings were small 
 two story affairs. Up to January 1, 1820, after the restoration of the burned 
 buildings their cost amounted to $2,223,931.19. 
 
 Then, as now, and ever since, the Departments were much inconvenienced for 
 want of room, and in a report to Congress, in 1816, it was shown that the State 
 Department occupied five rooms in the department buildiug, near the President's 
 house, four rooms in a garret, and two in the Patent Office, which was then with 
 the Post Office, in a building occupying the site of the present Post Office De- 
 partment. The Treasury Department occupied thirty rooms, fourteen in the 
 AVar Office, besides two in the garret, and the General Land Office occupied eight 
 rooms rented of a citizen. The War Department occupied five rooms in the 
 public building, and rented eight outside. The Navy Department had three 
 rooms and a garret room, without a fire-place, in which it kept its books and 
 papers. 
 
 PRESENT COST OF THE PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 
 
 According to a statement, recently prepared, the cost of the public buildings, 
 etc., to June 30, 1883, exclusive of the grounds, was as follows: 
 
 Capitol building, 
 
 Treasury, .... 
 
 Patent Office building, 
 
 Post Office building, 
 
 State, War, and Navy, unfinished, 
 
 President's house, . , 
 
 Agricultural Department, 
 
 Smithsonian Institution, 
 
 National Museum, 
 
 Pension Office (now building), 
 
 President's stable, 
 
 Store house Congressional stable, 
 
 Congressional stable, 
 
 Government Printing Office, 
 
 Architect's office, 
 
 Engine house, square 683, 
 
 U. S. Marine barracks, . 
 
 U. S. Naval hospital, 
 
 Columbia hospital, 
 
 Old engine house, 
 
 Winder's and adjacent building, 
 
 Department of Justice, 
 
 Frame building used by Surgeon General, 
 
 Bureau Engraving and Printing, 
 
 Engine house, square 293, 
 
 Stable, Post Office Department, 
 
 Medical Museum, 
 
 Armory building, 
 
 Washington Monument, 
 
 U. S. Observatory, 
 
 Arsenal buildings, 
 
 $15,559,656 
 
 7,158,454 
 
 3,245,778 
 
 2,151,500 
 
 7,628,925 
 
 735,580 
 
 501,825 
 
 492,651 
 
 250,000 
 
 137,000 
 
 28,500 
 
 l,2oo 
 
 800 
 
 296,000 
 
 1,500 
 
 69,500 
 
 339,637 
 
 116,035 
 
 40,000 
 
 2,000 
 
 245,000 
 
 197,779 
 
 1,500 
 
 366.930 
 
 3,000 
 
 400 
 
 88,000 
 
 45,701' 
 
 794,163 
 
 255,264 
 
 270,324 
 
28 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY, 
 
 City Hall, . 
 
 New jail, 
 
 Army and Navy powder magazine, 
 
 U. S. Navy Yard, 
 
 U. S. Aqueduct, 
 
 Water pipes and plugs, . 
 
 WEST WASHINGTON. 
 
 Engineer's office, aqueduct, . 
 Custom house and post office, 
 
 COUNTY. 
 
 New Naval observatory, 
 
 Battle cemetery, 
 
 U. S. Military asylum, 
 
 Columbia Institution for deaf and dumb, 
 
 Reform school, 
 
 Government hospital for the insane, 
 
 U. S. Navy magazine, 
 
 Making a total of 
 
 $275,152 
 
 525,550 
 
 15,000 
 
 3,615,808 
 
 3,847,547 
 172,276 
 
 3,000 
 59,767 
 
 10,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 350,000 
 
 751,000 
 
 271,056 
 
 1,513,112 
 
 91,597 
 
 852,566,468 
 
 In addition, the Government pays nearly $200,000 a year for rent of private 
 buildings in which to transact the necessary business, not one of which is fire-proof 
 or adapted to the wants of the business. All the buildings are crowded to reple- 
 tion, even the halls, passageways, and attics being occupied with thousands of tons 
 of the most valuable records, constantly exposed to destruction by fire and damp- 
 ness. Every sessiou the heads of Departments send to Congress the most urgent 
 appeals for more room and more help to enable them to transact the rapidly- 
 increasing public business, but in vain. 
 
 According to a report made in 1880, the rents range from 6£ to 17 per cent, on 
 the value of the property rented; and the sum paid is equal to the interest at 3 
 per cent, (at which rate the Government can get all the money it will take) on 
 over $6,000,000 — a sum sufficient to erect all the buildings needed. With an 
 annual surplus of over $150,000,000, it is difficult for outsiders to understand why 
 this state of affairs is continued. The explanation is to be found in the fact that 
 nearly every member is intent on securing an appropriation for the improvement 
 
 of a river or harbor, or the 
 erection of a public build- 
 ing in his district, and nat- 
 urally feels that every dol- 
 lar appropriated at the 
 National Capital lessens by 
 that much the chance of 
 securing what he wants for 
 his own district, and on 
 which depends his renoni- 
 ination and re-election. 
 Another reason is the de- 
 sire to make political cap- 
 ital by a pretense of econ- 
 omy, although, as any one 
 can see, it is that kind of 
 Smithsonian institute. economy which "saves at 
 
 the spigot and wastes at the bunghole." If a private individual were to manage 
 his business in the same manner he would shortly be bankrupt, and business men 
 would say, served him right. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 29 
 
 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 Local governments were existing in the District at the time the Capital was 
 located here, in 1790. Virginia had established a local government for Alexan- 
 dria in 1748, then designated as a town at Hunting Creek warehouse. Georgetown 
 was incorporated in 1789. 
 
 It was the general understanding that Washington would have a local govern- 
 ment as soon as needed, Mr. Madison remarking, in Congress, that " of course the 
 people will be allowed a municipal legislature for local purposes derived from their 
 own suffrages." 
 
 In accordance with this idea a charter was granted to the city by Congress, May 
 3, 1802. The Mayor was appointed by the President, but the Council were elected 
 by the citizens. The Council was to be divided into two houses, five in the upper 
 and seven in the lower. They were given all the usual powers of a city govern- 
 ment ; among others, " to regulate and establish markets ; to erect and repair 
 bridges ; to keep in repair all necessary streets, avenues, drains, and sewers, and 
 to pass all regulations necessary for the preservation of the same, agreeably to the 
 plan of said city." They were prohibited from imposing a tax on real estate of 
 more than three-fourths of one per cent, on the assessed value of the same. 
 
 This charter was for two years, but was extended from time to time until 1812, 
 when the voting was limited to tax-payers, and in 1820 it was further amended so 
 as to render the mayor elective also. 
 
 This form of municipal government w T as continued to February 21, 1871, when 
 it was abolished by act of Congress, and the so-called " District Government " 
 was established. 
 
 When the latter was proposed the idea was to make it the same as the govern- 
 ment in the territories — the governor, secretary, and treasurer to be apppointed 
 by the President, and all other officers to be elected by the citizens ; but by some 
 occult influence it was so changed as virtually to deprive the citizens of all voice 
 in it. The act provided a government consisting of a Governor, Secretary, Board 
 of Health, consisting of five members, a Council of eleven members, and a Board 
 of Public Works of four members, all of whom were appointed by the President 
 and confirmed by the Senate. A House of twenty-two delegates were elected by 
 the people, and that was all. The Legislature thus created provided for the ap- 
 pointment of all notaries and justices of the peace, and by its act of August 21, 
 1871, it provided for two hundred and twenty minor officers, all of whom were 
 appointed. 
 
 THE REIGN OF THE BOARD OF PUBLIC W r ORKS. 
 
 Under this arrangement, the Board of Public Works at once became the govern- 
 ment. With the influx of contractors and laborers from all over the country they 
 were able to dictate the nomination and election of the members of the lower 
 house, and the Legislature soon become a mere tool to carry out the edicts of the 
 Board of Public Works. 
 
 At first it was proposed to spend $400,000 in street improvements ; but as soon 
 as they got the power in their hands they adopted what they termed a " compre- 
 hensive system of improvements." They brought an engineer from abroad at a salary 
 of §8,000 a year — equal to that of a Cabinet officer — and began cutting and slash- 
 ing right and left. The established grades of the streets were changed, some 
 filled up and others cutdown, often leaving houses perched up on banks twenty 
 feet above the street, while others were covered nearly to their roofs. Not unfre- 
 quently, buildings had their foundations so injured that they were in danger of fall- 
 ing, and then the owners were notified that they must render them safe within 30 
 days, or they would be pulled down at their expense ! A few of the more influ- 
 ential obtained allowances for the damage to their property, but w T hen the matter 
 
30 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 was subsequently brought before the court it held they were not entitled to damage, 
 and the great mass got none. In some sections, particularly the eastern, they cut 
 the streets down several feet in every direction, and as they were legislated out of 
 office by Congress before they had time to complete them, they remain to this day 
 a series of Dutch gap canals, impassible for mud in winter, and filled with dust 
 in summer. 
 
 In a recent letter to Congress the Commissioners state that it will require 
 $5,000,000 to pay the damages to property thus created, and that they are opposed 
 to payment of any of it, because the District has not the means. In the mean- 
 time, wealthy and influential parties get special bills passed by Congress by which 
 they are relieved at the public expense. A bill was recently passed by Congress 
 to authorize the Carroll heirs to bring a suit in the Court of Claims for damages 
 to their property, and still another to release the accumulated taxes of fifteen years 
 on the estate of the late Commodore Patterson, amounting to $53,000, although he 
 received a salary of $6,000 a year, and part *of the property was a gift to him 
 from the Government. 
 
 It was a daily occurrence for citizens to leave their houses as usual in the morn- 
 ing, and when they returned at evening to find the sidewalks and curbs, which not 
 unfrequently had, but recently laid anew, at their own expense, all torn up and 
 carted away ! They would be charged for new, while this same material would 
 often be put down opposite another's property, and he be made to pay for it at the 
 price of new. They tore down the old market by force, and they tore up the 
 tracks of both steam and street railways by force ! It is safe to say that no 
 American city ever witnessed such high-handed proceedings as were carried on in 
 the National Capital during the reign of the Board of Public Works. 
 
 Of course all this required money. As soon as they got control they proposed 
 to create a debt by borrowing four millions to carry out their " comprehensive 
 system," the argument being that the citizens could not bear the burden of such a 
 a tax at once, but that as the District had but a small debt, and, consequently, 
 good credit, its bonds could be sold at a fair price, and the increased value of their 
 property would enable them to pay it ultimately without difficulty. The bill was 
 at once passed, but on an application by a citizen they were enjoined by the court, 
 because the question had not been submitted to a vote of the people, as required 
 by the act of Congress. They immediately had a new bill passed, which was sub- 
 mitted to a popular vote, and by the aid of the contractors and laborers was 
 endorsed. The bonds were issued, and sold at 94 per cent., and the proceeds soon 
 used up. 
 
 Instead of letting the work to the lowest bidder, the Board of Public Works 
 arbitrarily fixed the price for each of the three kinds of pavements — concrete, 
 stone, and wooden blocks — at $3.25 per square yard. As testified in the Congres- 
 ional investigation subsequently had, the president of the Board would meet a con- 
 tractor on the street, or elsewhere, and say to him, you can have the contract for 
 such and such streets, and so to others, these transactions being subsequently en- 
 tered on the records as having been done by the Board. Previous to the fact 
 being made public that any particular street was to be improved, the president of 
 the Board, with other speculators, friends of his, who were notified, at once secured 
 all the vacant lots they could on such streets. The improvement, of course, added 
 greatly to the value of these lots, which they sold at a large advance. In addition 
 to this, he erected a large number of buildings on these lots, it being stated that 
 during one year he averaged nearly one building a clay, which he sold to con- 
 tractors and others. It was well understood also that not a few men in public 
 position were benefitted in various ways by these operations of the Board, and 
 hence they were enabled to retain their power until 1874. 
 
 ■ HOW THE PRESENT DEBT WAS CREATED. 
 
 The act creating the District Government prohibited the creation of any debt 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 31 
 
 " by which the aggregate debt of the District should exceed five per cent, of the 
 assessed property of the District," (then about $10,000,000,) " unless the law au- 
 thorizing the same should first be submitted to a vote of the people and receive a 
 majority of the votes cast at a general election." It also limited the tax to $1.70 
 per $100 on the assessed value of the property. Notwithstanding these plain pro- 
 visions, no part of the enormous debt which they created was ever submitted to a 
 vote of the people, with the exception of the four million loan previously men- 
 tioned. 
 
 One-sixth of the cost of the improvements was charged to the abutting private 
 property on each side of the street, thus making one-third of the whole, which 
 was paid for by private citizens, while the other two-thirds, was j^aid for out of 
 the general fund. 
 
 The first year they fixed the tax on real estate at $1.50 per $100, and then they 
 said through their organs: "Just see how we are making you rich, and yet, we 
 have not taxed you to the extent permitted by law ! " But the next year they 
 had the property re-assessed at greatly increased rates, and then taxed it to the 
 full rate allowed, and the next year they doubled up the assessment and again put 
 on the full tax, thus making the tax several times what it was originally, at the 
 same time appealing to this increased assessment as proof of the increased value 
 in consequence of the improvements. 
 
 The absurdity of these statements is well shown by the fact, that when they 
 began operations in 1871, the assessed value of the property in the District was 
 $80,000,000, and that now, thirteen years later, it is but $90,000,000, notwith- 
 standing their expenditure of $40,000,000 for improvements, and there has been 
 expended each year since 1874, from two to three millions in public and private 
 improvements. The value of the property of the District, outside of the city, has 
 decreased nearly $3,000,000 since 1871, and the assessment of 1884 shows that it 
 has decreased in all but two of eleven wards within the city. 
 
 The lots bought by the ring as above stated were doubled, and in some instances 
 quadrupled in value by the money expended on those particular streets, while the 
 great bulk of the property, and especially in those sections where the improve- 
 ments were not made, or only commenced, stood assessed at far more than it could 
 be sold for, and so remained for years, the owners all that time paying the enor- 
 mous tax on it, and yet getting no improvements. Such was especially the case 
 in the eastern section of the city, where they had but fairly commenced operations, 
 when they were legislated out of existence, the money being mainly expended in 
 the northwest section, where the notorious "real estate pool" operated. 
 
 Having used up the $4,000,000, and all they could raise by the increased taxa- 
 tion, in addition to the one-third paid by private property holders, and wanting 
 still more, they then began issuing certificates of indebtedness, without authority 
 or limit, until stopped by the investigation, when no one could tell what the debt 
 was. In addition to this, one of their last acts was to devise a scheme for raising 
 $3,000,000 more for special sewer purposes. The District was divided into four 
 or five districts, the property in each being subjected to a special sewer tax of so 
 much per square foot, without reference to its value or location, and, if not paid 
 when due, a certificate was to be issued, which was to be a lien on the property, 
 and to pay which, the property was to be sold, the same as for the general tax. 
 This they claimed was not a violation of the act limitting the debt, although they 
 had already far exceeded the limit, and they paid $10,000 for a " legal opinion" 
 to that effect. 
 
 Finally, the outcry became so great that Congress was compelled to interfere. 
 An investigation was ordered, and the result was, that in the spring of 1874 the 
 Board Avas abolished and three Commissioners were appointed to close up their 
 affairs, and, if possible, ascertain the amount of the indebtedness they had created. 
 They had laid fifty-four miles of wood pavement, besides many miles of concrete 
 and stone — the latter mostly rough broken stone, such as may still be seen on In- 
 
32 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 diana avenue and many other streets. The wooden pavements were composed of 
 blocks cut from trees which had been killed by forest fires before being cut, and 
 which therefore rotted in a short time. All that known as the De Golyer pave- 
 ment was laid directly on the earth without coal-tar or anything, and some of it 
 was actually taken up with shovels and carted away in less than two years after it 
 was laid. The result of their operations are well epitomized in the following from 
 a Senate report made in 1878 : 
 
 " From the foundation of the cities of Georgetown and Washington up to the 
 period of the passage of the enfranchisement act, so called, those municipalities 
 were conducted as successfully and satisfactorily as any other. Immediately upon 
 the passage of that act, however, an attempt was set on foot to defeat its intent by 
 changing the forms of government throughout the District, and abolishing suffrage 
 altogether. This attempt was renewed from year to year. Meanwhile the changes . 
 produced by the war had transformed Washington from a straggling village into 
 a vigorous city. Improvements commensurate with the new condition were de- 
 manded. The city governments inaugurated such improvements. 
 
 " Those who had sought to overthrow the city governments for political reasons 
 were re-enforced, or, quite as correctly speaking, replaced by others, w r ho saw 
 'millions' in obtaining an individual and irresponsible control over the charge 
 and execution of those improvements. The machinations against the local munici- 
 palities finally succeeded. Some of the unfounded slanders which were invented 
 to aid in this result, by discrediting popular government in the District, have been 
 so often repeated that they have come to be believed. The truth is, however, that 
 when the government of 1871 came into existence it found a public debt of little 
 more than $3,000,000, the accumulation of sixty years of municipal administra- 
 tion, including the war debt, and debts imposed from the financial embarrassments 
 which the movement to overthrow the local governments had engendered. In 
 four years only of executive government the debt had been increased to $20,000,000, 
 with proportionately far less to show for it than had the preceding original debt of 
 $3,000,000 ; and of this increase $4,000,000 only had been authorized by the legis- 
 lature or the people. 
 
 " At the end of six years only of a government irresponsible to the people the 
 public debt amounts to $25,000,000, more than one-fourth of the assessed valuation 
 of the property of the District. Meanwhile, $13,000,000 have been assessed as special 
 taxes, $10,000,000 have been assessed as general taxes, and Congress has appro- 
 priated $6,000,000. Deducting the original indebtedness, we find the enormous 
 sum of $50,000,000 as the net expenditure of six years' government by officers 
 'appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate.' Of this vast sum 
 not less than $40,000,000 is chargeable to ' improvements ' — a sum sufficient, in 
 the opinion of the minority of your committee, to have substantially and perma- 
 nently graded, paved, and sewered every mile of streets in the District ; to have 
 adorned the street parks and public places ; to have planted trees instead of twigs 
 that are not yet trees ; to have built school-houses sufficient for the accommoda- 
 tion of all the educable children of the District ; to have established high schools, 
 folmdecl public libraries, and erected other institutions and works of public utility 
 and advantage. Instead of this we find, as the chief visible result of $40,000,000, 
 the necessity of spending at least half as much more (at the same prices) to repair, 
 resurface, and repave the streets upon which the original outlay chiefly was 
 made." 
 
 It should be understood that the people were in favor of improvements, and had 
 already inaugurated them, before they were deprived of self-government ; but the 
 mass of them were opposed to the reckless and extravagant methods pursued by 
 the Board of Public Works. There are three acts for which the Board should receive 
 full credit; they are, first, the parking of the streets, by which the road-beds were 
 narrowed to much more reasonable limits, and the beautiful grass plate in front of 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 33 
 
 the houses created ; second, the filling up of the old canal which ran through the 
 city alongside the market-house, close to Pennsylvania avenue, and received most 
 of the sewage of the city, and in which the tide rose about three feet, thus rendering 
 it impossible to properly cleanse it, and which therefore became in hot weather a 
 most offensive cesspool ; third, the planting of shade-trees, which have already 
 added so much to the beauty and comfort of the city, and which will increase with 
 their growth. The tree-plauting seems to be about the only thing done under the 
 Board of Public Works that was well done. 
 
 THE PRESENT LOCAL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 Under an act passed June 11, 1878, the present Government of the District, so 
 far as it can be said to have any, is composed of three Commissioners, two of 
 whom are civilians appointed by the President and an engineer officer detailed 
 from the army. There is also a health officer, auditor, assessor, collector, in- 
 spector of plumbing, inspector of buildings, and numerous subordinates, all of 
 whom are appointed. The Commissioners are the executive officers. There is no 
 provision for any municipal legislation of any kind except that the Commissioners, 
 by an act of Congress, have been authorized to make rules and regulations in re- 
 gard to the erection and repair of buildings and plumbing, which, when adopted, 
 " have the same force and effect as if enacted by Congress." As these matters are 
 mainly turned over to the engineer officer, who, as one of them said, " did not care 
 whether the citizens liked what he did or not, as he was under no obligation to 
 them for his position," and as none of the Commissioners are in any way amenable 
 to the citizens, and not infrequently are comparative strangers from distant locali- 
 ties, it is not surprising that there should be some very arbitrary proceedings on 
 their part. 
 
 The Engineer Commissioner has two assistants, also detailed from the engineer 
 corps of the army, one in charge of the sewers and the other of the streets. These 
 army officers virtually control the expenditure of all the money for street improve- 
 ments, as they make up the estimates for the Commissioners, who send them to 
 the Secretary of the Treasury, and who in turn transmits them to Congress, where 
 they are embodied, with or without change, in the annual appropriation bill for 
 the District. 
 
 The Commissioners also 
 appoint all the subordinate 
 officers and clerks. It will 
 thus be seen that the citizens 
 have no voice whatever in 
 i their own Government, and 
 as they have no representa- 
 tive in Congress, which has 
 assumed entire control of 
 District affairs, they are po- 
 'itically in the same condi- 
 ion as the serfs of Russia. 
 They enjoy the right to be 
 axed, without any voice in 
 the disposition of the funds 
 thus raised. They are not 
 -south fkont. even permitted to elect their 
 
 own school trustees, nor even a constable — all, from highest to lowest, are ap- 
 pointed. 
 
 Congress is supposed to legislate for the District, and each House goes through 
 the farce of appointing a committee for the District, but these committees decline 
 to hear delegations of citizens, except it be to represent a few T controlling interests, 
 
 3 
 
 PATENT OFFICE- 
 
34 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 such as the liquor dealers, railway, banking, and similar corporations, and these 
 committees are not permitted to have any control of the appropriations for the 
 District. One day in each month is usually set aside to consider District affairs, 
 but it is seldom that more than one or two minor bills can be passed, while the 
 more important matters are passed over from session to session, and are not con- 
 sidered. For instance : the laws of the District are composed of a hotch-potch of 
 the old colonial laws of Maryland, laws enacted by Congress, and those of the 
 District Legislature, and former cit} r councils. They are so mixed and uncertain 
 that no one can tell what the law is on any given subject. Some years since, a 
 civil and criminal code was prepared at an expense of several thousand dollars, 
 and submitted to Congress for adoption. The municipal code passed the Senate, 
 and at the next session was considered at a night session in the House, where it 
 was defeated by a member from a Western State, raising the objection that there 
 was no quorum present, and which he stated he did because the code did not pro- 
 vide for mixed schools. 
 
 As has been repeatedly stated by both Senators and members, Congress has no 
 time to act as town council for the District, and as it will not let the people act 
 for themselves, the result is that nothing is done. It certainly is a most remark- 
 able state of affairs, that here at the Capital of a republican Nation, where of all 
 places we should have the most perfect illustration of the workings of republican 
 institutions, the nearly 200,000 citizens are deprived of all voice in the manage- 
 ment of their own affairs. As a woman fitly puts it " they are where the negro 
 was, and the woman is — have no rights that any one is bound to respect." 
 
 AN EXPENSIVE GOVERNMENT. 
 
 Not only is the present a most arbitrary and unrepublican form of government, 
 but it is the most expensive one in the country, as a few facts will show. The 
 salary of the three executive officers is $15,000 per annum, or at the rate of $83.33 
 per 1,000 inhabitants, while that of the six northeastern, one western, and one 
 southern State, with a population of six and a quarter millions, is no more, or at 
 the rate of 82.40 per 1,000. 
 
 Again, take the Engineer Department, the appropriations for which, from 1878 
 to 1883, have averaged over $80,000 per annum, double that of any other city of 
 its size in the country. The entire expense of the engineer service in the District 
 from 1790 to May 18, 1796, "including the survey of the city and District, open- 
 ing and ascertaining levels of streets, purchasing and planting boundary stones, 
 and registering and calculating squares as divided into lots " was but $24,045.53, 
 a little more than a quarter for six years of what this costs for a single year. 
 Down to January 1, 1816, the total cost was but $67,469.76, considerable less than 
 the present army engineers cost the District each year. A more expensive and ir- 
 resjwnsible form of government could not well be devised. Does any one believe 
 that if the matter was left to the tax-payers to control they would submit to any 
 such extravagance, or that it is necessary ? Of course, the mass of Members and 
 Senators know little or nothing of these matters, and seldom give them a thought. 
 The estimates are prepared by the officials who are to reap the benefits, and Con- 
 gress is too busy with its own affairs to look after such matters. 
 
 THE DISTRICT REVENUES. 
 
 Since the act of June 11, 1878, the United States appropriates annually an 
 amount equal to the amount of taxes collected. It owns fully one-half of all the 
 property in the entire District, on which it pays no taxes, and never has. Under 
 the law provision must first be made for paying the interest on the debt, and for 
 the sinking fund to pay oft' the entire debt within fifty years, which takes about a 
 million and a third, and which, with some matters belonging more especially to the 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 35 
 
 General Government, consumes nearly the entire share paid by the United States. 
 Then the salaries and expenses of the District Government must be provided for, 
 including the police and fire departments, penal and charitable institutions, and 
 the schools. These very nearly consume the balance, so there is left but about 
 $250,000 for street improvements, extension of water pipes, fire plugs, sewers, &c. 
 This is expended where these irresponsible officials choose, and the result, as 
 shown by a glance at the map accompanying the annual report of the Commis- 
 sioners, has been that the great bulk of it has been expended in the northwestern 
 section, where the wealthy and influential reside, thus greatly increasing the value 
 of their property at the public expense. 
 
 This is rendered still more unjust by the fact that most of the wood pavement was 
 laid in that section originally, two-thirds of which was paid for out of the general 
 taxes, and the bulk of the money since expended has been the replacement of 
 that with asphalt pavements, the whole of which is paid for out of the general 
 fund. To render the injustice still greater, there was no assessment of real estate 
 for five years prior to 1884, and the property in the favored section was taxed far 
 less in proportion to its value than in other sections. 
 
 As shown by the official report of the 
 assessor in 18<S.'5, fifteen squares in that 
 section stood assessed at an average of 
 thirty-eight cents per foot, while its 
 actual cash, value, as shown by actual 
 sales, exceeded $1.30. At the same time, 
 in other sections, property st< -> >d assessed 
 at more than it would sell for ; and in 
 some instances it would not sell for 
 enough to bring it to grade after the 
 streets had been cut down by the 
 Board of Public Works, although there 
 was standing against it as much more 
 for special taxes on account of the so- 
 called improvements 
 
 However, there is a great diversity 
 of opinion concerning the acts of the 
 territorial government, and all must ad- 
 mit that there were many things which 
 merited the severest censure, while 
 others, although harsh and, in a large 
 measure, rather high-handed and un- 
 authorized, yet the outcome has tended 
 toward developing the original plan of 
 the city as contemplated by its first projectors. Indeed, for many years it is 
 well known that Washington, as it existed, was a source of mortification to sensi- 
 tive Americans when foreigners compared it with the magnificent capitals of the 
 old world. 
 
 li^M 
 
 IRa-fi 
 
 METROPOLITAN CHURCH. 
 
 THE SO-CALLED DISTRICT DEBT. 
 
 The present amount of the funded debt is $21,512,700. This is an enormous 
 debt for a total population of less than 200,000, and who have, comparatively 
 speaking, neither commerce, manufactures, nor trade — merely the local trade in- 
 cident to a city of hotels, boarding-houses, and private citizens, a large share of 
 whom are non-residents, one-third of whom are colored, and but few of whom, of 
 course, pay any taxes. It is double that of any other municipality in the countrv, 
 if not in the world. The debt of the city of New York, with all her wealth and 
 commerce, is but four times as much. It is four and a half times as much per 
 
36 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 capita as that of Virginia, which that great State, with all her resources, says she 
 cannot and ought not to pay. Only three States have as large a debt. 
 
 This debt was created almost entirely by the officers of the United States Gov- 
 ernment, at a time when the citizens had practically no voice in the government, 
 notwithstanding the charge has been made repeatedly, in Congress and out of it, 
 that it was created by the citizens and " by the customary process of popular gov- 
 ernment.' 
 
 The rate of taxation is fixed by act of Congress at $1.50 per $100 on both real 
 and personal property, and the law requires all property to be assessed at its full 
 cash value. 
 
 The total amount of the revenues for 1883 was - $4,184,376.23 
 Of which the United States paid - - - 1,768,356.88 
 
 Of this sum, there was paid for interest and sinking fund of the debt $1,213,947.97, 
 only about $500,000 less than the total amount contributed by the United States ; 
 and the expenditures of the District include numerous things which belong to the 
 General Government ; so that, as a matter of fact, it simply pays the interest on 
 the debt created by its own officers. 
 
 THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 In nothing perhaps more than in the matter of the schools has the injustice of 
 the General Government to the District been exhibited. 
 
 From 1803 to 1848 the sixteenth section of each township, and from 1848 to 
 date the sixteenth and thirty-sixth sections in each township, is given to each 
 State, when admitted, for common-school purposes. Under these provisions there 
 has been given to the States and Territories — 
 
 For public schools .... 67,803,919 acres 
 
 For university funds . . . 1,605,529 " 
 
 For agricultural colleges . . . 9,600,000 " 
 
 Total for educational purposes . . 79,009jf39 acres 
 
 For railroads .... 155,514,994 " 
 
 Donations to settlers in Territories — 
 
 Florida 1,317 
 
 Oregon 2,506,757 
 
 New Mexico .... 20,105 
 
 Washington Territory . . 290,215 
 
 2,818,393 acres 
 
 Total 237,352,826 acres 
 
 This, at $1.25 per acre, amounts to $296,680,282. In reality its value to the 
 States and railroad companies is many times that amount, as the .stales have sold 
 their school lands at prices ranging all the way from $1.25 to $100 per acre, while 
 the railroads are realizing like amounts from their enormous donations. 
 
 Only recently we saw the statement that the school lands of Nebraska would sell 
 to-day for $25,000,000. It received 2,702,044 acres in 1864, and Colorado 3,715,- 
 555 acres in 1875. Besides this, in 1836, Congress divided among the States 
 $28,101,644.91 in money, which greatly aided their- public schools. Again, by act, 
 of September 4, 1841, Congress distributed among the States of Ohio, Indiana, 
 Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, Mississsppi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Michigan the 
 sum of $233,258.20. 
 
 Now what has been done for the District in that respect? Absolutely nothing. 
 It has never given it an acre of land nor a dollar of money for school purposes. 
 So, too, in the recent educational bill, it has excluded the District from all share 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 37 
 
 in the above-mentioned bequests. On the contrary, it brought here during the 
 ■war and left on our hands a large mass of fleeing slaves, without education or the 
 means of living, and then passed a law requiring us to expend the same amount 
 per capita for their education as for that of our own children. The result is that 
 one-third of all the school children in the District are colored, and their parents, 
 of course, contribute but little to the District funds. One-third of the remaining 
 two-thirds are the children of clerks and other Government employes, mostly non- 
 residents, who retain their residence in the States and go home to vote, and who, 
 under the civil service law requiring the appointees to be apportioned among the 
 States, will do so more than ever hereafter. But even this is not all. By act of 
 June 25, 1864, Congress made school attendance here compulsory, each parent or 
 guardian being required to send his children to school at least twelve weeks each 
 year, six of which must be consecutive, under a penalty of $25, and yet there are 
 about half as many school seats as children of school age. To-day there are about 
 forty hal^-day schools, because there are not buildings enough to accommodate the 
 children of school age. Besides, many members and Senators send their children 
 to our public schools. 
 
 There was no such thing as a public school system in the District prior to 1842, 
 and the act of 1862 first provided for public schools for the colored children. 
 Notwithstanding all these difficulties, the citizens have taxed themselves until now 
 the District is provided with schools and school buildings equal to any in the 
 country, the principal difficulty being want of means. 
 
 AS A PLACE OF RESIDENCE 
 
 Washington has no equal. Since the war it has so changed that one who knew 
 it then would hardly recognize it now. Its broad, smooth avenues and streets, its 
 fine dwellings and public buildings, its public libraries and institutions, render it 
 the delight of the educated and people of leisure. It being the National Capital 
 attracts persons of standing from all over the country, as well as from abroad. 
 Especially during the sessions of Congress, people flock to the Capital in great 
 numbers, and it is fast becoming the winter resort for people of means and in- 
 fluence, as well as the place for holding the conventions of scientific societies. 
 Being comparatively devoid of manufacturing and commercial establishments, its 
 streets are the cleanest and its atmosphere the freest from smoke and dust of 
 any city in the country. 
 
 WHAT IT NEEDS. 
 
 All that is required to make it what its founders designed it should be a Capital 
 worthy of the Nation, is just treatment at the hands of Congress. First, it should 
 have a simple cheap form of local government, to attend to the purely local affairs. 
 A single executive, and a legislative council, elected by the tax payers, and hav- 
 ing power to make all needful regulations for the schools, police and fire depart- 
 ments, buildings, plumbing and other sanitary matters, is all that is required. No 
 one desires to interfere with the present arrangement by which all District funds 
 are required to be paid into the United Stages Treasury as fast as received, and all 
 accounts to be settled by the accounting officers of the Treasury, because we know 
 that is absolutely safe, and shuts the door against defalcations, frauds, etc. 
 
 Second. The United States should relieve the District of the present debt, which 
 its own officers created, for the following reasons : 
 
 1. Because the extensive and expensive plan of the city was created by the 
 United States Government for its own purpose, for a National Capital, and it is 
 unreasonable to expect or require the resident citizens to improve and keep in 
 
38 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 order such an unusual and expensive plan. It belongs to the whole Nation — is 
 for the benefit of the whole, and, therefore, should be supported at the public 
 expense, so far at least, as its unusual and extraordinary expenses are concerned. 
 2. Because the citizens originally donated to the United States Government the 
 great bulk of all the land, with the understanding that a large portion of it was 
 to be used for opening and improving the streets, etc., but which the Government 
 sold, and used the proceeds for other purposes. 
 
 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 
 
 3. Because it owns one-half of all the property in the District, on which it 
 does not, and never has paid any taxes. 
 
 4. Because, as shown by the official records, up to 1876, it had expended for 
 improvements less than $6, 000, 000, while the citizens had expended over $20,000,000 
 for the same purpose, besides $25,000,000 more for the local government, schools, 
 etc. 
 
 5. Because, while adding largely to the number and cost of the public schools, 
 it has never provided any public school fund for the District, as it has for the 
 States and Territories. 
 
 G. Because it includes in the District expenses many things which are not 
 merely local, but are national in their character. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 39 
 
 7. Because it has taken from the citizens all control of their own affairs, and 
 has assumed their entire management. 
 
 8. Because it has forced upon the people of the District, without their consent, 
 an unnecessarily expensive system of government. 
 
 9. Because, if it were to assume the present indebtedness, it would then pay no 
 more than its just proportion, onedialf from the beginning, which all now admit 
 is but fair and just. 
 
 10. Because, if relieved of that burden, we could with the present revenues go 
 •on and complete the improvement of the city, according to the original plan and 
 intention 
 
 3 
 
 
 Ml 
 . ..in 
 
 TIIK CABINET CTTAM3 
 
 U IN THE WHITE IIOU.SK, AVASHIXGTON. 
 
 The earnest desire of every well-wisher of the country is expressed in the fol- 
 lowing words of Senator Morrill, uttered in the Senate, December 7th, 1874 : 
 
 "The fact that it is the Nation's Capital justly inspires a national pride in its 
 welfare, and will, as the years come and go, commend it to the solicitous care of 
 the representatives of the people of all parties ; will make it, it is to be hoped, 
 that common ground where the fervor of patriotism will rise above the zeal of 
 partisanship, and the laws, appropriations, and appointments to office will be made 
 in relation to its real wants, and cease to be shaped by partisan aspirations or 
 local interests." 
 
 If all our public men were actuated by the same high and patriotic sense of 
 duty, the National Capital would soon become the Nation's pride, as all agree it 
 should be. 
 
40 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY, 
 
 PLAN OF THE CITY OF WASHINGTON. 
 
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 A, Executive Mansion. B, State, War, and Navy Department Building. C, Treasury Building. D, Pateni 
 Office. E, Post Office. P, Washington Monument. G, Bureau of Engraving and Printing. H, Department 
 of Agriculture. I, Smithsonian institution. K, National Museum. I,, Centre Market. M, Congressional 
 Cemetery. N, Washington Observatory. 0, Analostan Island. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 41 
 
 A CONCISE GUIDE TO POINTS OF INTEREST IN 
 AND ABOUT WASHINGTON 
 
 . THE CAPITOL* 
 
 On a plateau elevated ninety feet above tide-water stands the Capitol, facing, as 
 it should, the East, thereby receiving the first rays of the rising sun. It is un- 
 rivalled in all its fair proportions — majestic, symmetrical, and beautiful. Its length 
 is 750 feet, its height to the top of the dome 290 feet. 
 
 At the main entrance is the bronze door, which is an illustration of the life of 
 Columbus. By reason of the skill, allied to genius displayed by the artist, we can 
 readily trace the important periods in the life of the great discoverer. Beginning 
 this interesting and marvellous career with the "Examination of Columbus before 
 the Council of Salamanca ; " second, his " Departure from the Convent;" third, 
 his "Audience with Ferdinand and Isabella ; " fourth, his " Starting from Palos 
 on his first voyage ; " fifth, his "Landing at San Salvador;" sixth, the "First 
 interview with the natives;" seventh, his "Triumphant entry into Barcelona;" 
 then "Columbus in chains ; " and last, " Columbus dying." There are many busts 
 and statuettes of historic characters, which add interest and value to the work ; it 
 is beautiful in the extreme, and well repays careful examination and study. It 
 was designed by Randolph Rogers, of New York, in 1858, who was "commissioned 
 to design a symbolic portal to the temple of freedom." It was cast in bronze by 
 F. Von Miiller, at Munich, Bavaria, in 1861, it is 18 feet high, 9 feet wide, weighs 
 20,000 pounds, and costs $36,000. 
 
 The Rotunda is 300 feet in circumference, and 190 feet in height, the walls 
 are decorated with paintings, most of which have become quite familiar to the 
 people, by having been engraved for our National currency. They are 18 by 12 
 feet, and the first in point of time bearing upon our history is the landing of 
 Columbus in 1492, at San Salvador, painted by John Vanderlyn, cost $12,000; 
 the Discovery of the Mississippi by Ferdinand DeSoto, in 1541, painted by Wra. 
 H. Powell, cost $15,000 ; the Baptism of Pocahontas, in 1613, painted by John 
 Gadsby Chapman, cost $10,000; and the Embarkation of the Pilgrims from Delft- 
 Haven in Holland, July 21st, 1620, painted by Robert Walter Weir, cost $10,000 ; 
 the four other paintings are by Col. John Trumbull, and cost $32,000, and depict 
 important events in the history of our country. The Declaration of Independence 
 at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, July 4th, 1776 ; the surrender of General Burgoyne 
 at Saratoga, New York, October 17th, 1777 ; the surrender of Lord Cornwallis at 
 Yorktown, Virginia, October 19th, 1781 ; and the Resignation of General Wash- 
 ington at Annapolis, Maryland, December 23d, 1783. This series is more than 
 usually valuable by reason of the fact that these portraits were nearly all painted 
 from life, the others from original portraits in the possession of their respective 
 families. 
 
 * It is understood that visitors are welcome to all the public buildings during office hours, 
 and the messengers and other employees are ready to give any information that may be 
 needed. 
 
 In the following tour to the Public Departments and other places of general interest, 
 care has been taken to visit them consecutively, thus saving time. An index will enable 
 the reader to find any point of interest with the least trouble and delay. 
 
42 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 Relievos. — Above the paintings are four alto-relievos and four busts ; they are 
 by different artists, cost in all $24,000, and each signalizes some notable event in 
 the history of our country. The extraordinary results reached by the artisans in- 
 dicates that this peculiar phase of high art "must have been in its earliest stages of 
 development when these figures were executed." They represent, The Preserva- 
 tion of Captain John Smith by Pocahontas in 1606 ; The Landing of the Pilgrims 
 at Plymouth Rock, Mass., in 1620; William Penn's Treaty with the Indians at 
 
 
 .k'JilillSStj-ti jig 1 
 
 [MiitnBiSifi i ; s 
 
 YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION BUILDING. 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa., in 1686; and a Fight between Daniel Boone and the Indians 
 in Kentucky in 1775. The four busts represent Columbus, Cabot, Raleigh, and 
 La Salle. Still higher is a series of historic scenes, painted in fresco by the artist, 
 Mr. Brumidi, wherein he has introduced historical, industrial, and patriotic ele- 
 ments with such strange commingling as to make a novel and interesting display 
 so marvelous in its execution that it seems incredible that these mural paintings 
 are not in relief, so life-like and spirited do the figures appear. The first is The 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 43 
 
 Landing of Columbus ; the second, Cortez Entering the Temple of the Sun in 
 Mexico ; the third, Pizarro with the Horse in the Conquest of Peru ; the fourth, 
 The Burial of De Soto in the Mississippi River ; the fifth, The Rescue of Captain 
 John Smith by Pocahontas ; the sixth, The Disembarkation of the Pilgrims ; the 
 seventh, Perm's Treaty with the Indians at Philadelphia, Pa. ; the eighth, The In- 
 dustrial Colonization of the New England States; the ninth, General Oglethorpe 
 and the Indians in Georgia; the tenth, The Battle of Lexington; the eleventh, 
 The Declaration of Independence ; the twelfth, The Surrender of Lord Cornwallis ; 
 the thirteenth, The Death of Tecumseh ; the fourteenth, The American Army En- 
 tering Mexico; the fifteenth, The Gold Mines of California. These paintings com- 
 plete the circumference of the Rotunda. Each painting is twenty feet wide and 
 nine feet high ; the cost in all about $10,000. The ceiling of the Dome displays 
 an allegorical painting ambitiously called " The Apotheosis of Washington," in 
 which he is represented in purple robes, surrounded by female figures representing 
 the thirteen original States. The figures around the margin representing Com- 
 merce, Agriculture, Mechanics, War, Arts, and Sciences, make a pleasant finish to 
 the ceiling, and the artist has worked in the portraits of Fulton, Morris, Morse, 
 and Franklin with the mythological characters of Ceres, Mercury, Vulcan, and 
 Neptune with good effect. Cost, $40,000. 
 
 Hall of Statuary. — From the Rotunda south is the old hall of the House of 
 Representatives. Though comparatively small, it was large enough for the rep- 
 resentatives of the people who met here forty years ago. It is semi-circular, 95 
 feet long, 60 feet in its widest part, and over 50 feet to the highest point in the 
 roof, and has been set apart by a special act of Congress "in order that each State 
 should send the effigies of two of her chosen sons to be placed here permanently." 
 Several States have responded, and this hall, which once resounded with the elo- 
 quence of many a "forest-born Demosthenes," is being peopled by the mute statues 
 of historic characters in marble and bronze. 
 
 Rhode Island was the first State to respond to the action taken by Congress, 
 and is represented in marble by Roger Williams, born 1606, died 1683, the Apostle 
 of Religious Liberty. Artist, Franklin Simmons, of Rhode Island ; placed here 
 in 1860. Nathaniel Green, born 1742, died 1786, Major General of the Army of 
 the Revolution. Artist, Henry Kirke Brown, of Massachusetts, 1869. 
 
 Connecticut sends in marble Jonathan Trumbull, born 1710, died 1785, the last 
 Colonial Governor of the State, and the intimate friend of Washington, so much 
 so that Washington called him "Brother Jonathan." Artist, E. E. Ives, of Con- 
 necticut, 1872. Roger Sherman, born 1721, died 1793. A shoemaker, lawyer, 
 judge, Delegate to Congress, one of the Committee of Five which reported the 
 Declaration, and one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Artist, 
 E. E. Ives, of Connecticut, 1872. 
 
 New York sends in bronze George Clinton, born 1739, died 1812, Vice-Presi- 
 dent of the United States. Artist, Henry K. Brown, of Mass. Cast by Wood & 
 Co., of Philadelphia, 1873. Robert R. Livingston, born 1746, died 1813, one of 
 the Committee of Five which reported the Declaration, and one of the signers of 
 the Declaration of Independence. The first Chancellor of the State of New 
 York, and administered the oath of office to Washington as President of the United 
 States. Artist, Erastus D. Palmer, of New York. Cast in Paris by Barbedienne, 
 1874. 
 
 Massachusetts is represented in marble by John Winthrop, born 1588, died 
 1640. Artist, Richard S. Greenough, 1876. Samuel Adams, born 1722, died 
 1803, called by many " The Father of the Revolution." 1876. 
 
 Vermont has contributed in marble Ethan Allen, born 1737, died 1789, Colonel 
 of the Revolutionary Army, the captor of Fort Ticondaroga in "the name of God 
 and the Continental Congress." Artist, Larkin G. Mead, 1881. Jacob Collamer, 
 born 1792, died 1865, Postmaster-General, of President Taylor's Cabinet, and 
 United States Senator at the time of his death. 
 
44 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 Maine has contributed in marble William King, born 1768, died 1852, President 
 of the convention which framed the constitution of his State and her first Gover- 
 nor. Artist, Franklin Simmons, 1877. 
 
 CD O 
 
 P3 Z, 
 
 > s 
 
 z; a 
 
 f3 CO 
 
 Pennsylvania, in marble, is represented by Robert Fulton, born 1705, died 1815, 
 the inventor of steam navigation. Artist, Helen Blanche Nevin, 1883. John 
 Peter Gabriel Muhlenburgh, born 1746, died 1807, a minister of the Gospel, who, 
 when his attention was called to that fact, said, there was " a time to pray and 
 a time to fight," a General of the Revolutionary Army, 1884. Edmund D. 
 Baker, born in the year 1811, died in the year 1801, a weaver, lawyer, and 
 United States Senator from Oregon, Colonel of the 71st Regiment Pennsylvania 
 Volunteers, killed in battle at Ball's Bluff, Virginia, October 21st, 1801. Artist, 
 Horatio Stone, cost 810,000. Abraham Lincoln, born 1809, died 1865, a farmer, 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 45 
 
 lawyer, member of Congress, and President of the United States. Artist, Vinnie 
 Eeam, cost 815,000, 1870. Alexander Hamilton, born 1756, died 1804, the first Secre- 
 tary in the- National Treasury. Artist, Horatio Stone, cost $10,000, 1808. The 
 three last named were ordered by Congress. Thomas Jefferson, born 1743, died 
 1826, one of the committee of five which reported the Declaration, and one of 
 the signers of the Declaration of Independence, the third President of the United 
 States. VTI^mdoja^ statue of Washington, is a copy, which was taken by Hubbard. 
 The origimiLof this statue was modeled from Washington himself, the artist being 
 a guest at Mount Vernon during that period. A bust of Lincoln ordered by 
 Congress. Artist, Mrs. Sarah Fisher Ames, of Massachusetts. A Bust of Kos- 
 ciusko. Artist, Mr. Saunders. 
 
 There are several portraits adorning the walls, those of Charles Carroll of Car- 
 rollton, born 1737, died 1832, the last surviving signer of the Declaration of In- 
 dependence. George Washington, by Stuart, bought by Congress in 1876, from 
 ex-Senator Chesnut, of Camden, South Carolina, for $1,200. Gunning Bedford, 
 a member of the continental Congress from Delaware, presented to Congress by 
 the family. Benjamin West, Joshua 11. Giddings, and portraits in mosaic of 
 Presidents Lincoln and Garfield. 
 
 House of Representatives.- — This Hall merits attention, it is 140 feet long, 
 95 feet wide, and 40 feet high. The ceiling of the Hall is of iron, very beauti- 
 fully decorated ; the light comes through glass panels, on each of which is painted 
 the arms of a State. The spacious galleries afford abundant room for about 1400 
 persons, though it is seldom that so many are present. Orators are in the wane, 
 the newspaper leads public thought, hence the people look in upon Congress with 
 curious eyes, rather than for instruction. On the right side of the Speaker's 
 chair is a full length portrait of Washington ; artist, Vanderlyn. On the left side 
 a full length portait of La Fayette ; artist, Ary Schaffer. Washington, at York- 
 town, Va., refusiug the request of Cornwallis for an armistice, just before the final 
 surrender ; artist, Brumidi. And two paintings, one representing The First Land- 
 ing of Henry Hudson, the other the Discovery of California, are by Bierstadt, 
 and cost 610,000 each. The corridors are paved with English Minton tiles, and 
 afford entrance to the various Committee rooms which are accessible to the public. 
 
 The staircases to the galleries are of polished Tennessee marble. On the wall 
 of the western is the painting by Leutze of " Western Emigration," for which he 
 received $20,000. At the foot of this staircase is a bust, in bronze, of an Indian 
 Chief. 
 
 On the wall of the eastern staircase is the painting of Lincoln and his Cabinet, 
 considering the proposed Emancipation Proclamation. This was painted by 
 Francis Bicknell Carpenter. Mrs. Elizabeth Thompson paid $25,000 for it, and 
 presented it to Congress February 12, 1878. 
 
 At the foot of this staircase is a statue of Thomas Jefferson — artist Powers — 
 cost $10,000. 
 
 Supreme Court. — From the Rotunda, going north, the first point of interest 
 is the Supreme Court-room. It was the Senate Chamber of forty years ago. 
 It is semi-circular in form, 75 feet long, 45 feet wide, and 45 feet high, and has a 
 dome ceiling. Around the wall on bracktets are the busts of deceased Chief Jus- 
 tices. In the robing-room adjoining is a portrait of Chief Justice Marshall, by 
 Rembrandt ; also a portrait of John Jay, the first Chief Justice, by Gilbert Stuart, 
 and a portrait of Taney, by Healy. Leaving the court-room we come to — 
 
 The Senate, a beautiful chamber; the ceiling is of iron ; the skylights in the 
 centre are glass panels painted with symbols of national progress. It is 115 feet 
 long, 85 feet wide, and 40 feet high, and will seat about 900 persons. In close 
 proximity is the — 
 
 President's Room, so-called, as this is the room where, towards the close 
 of a session of Congress, the President signs the bills as they are adopted, during 
 
46 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 the closing hours of legislation. It is beautifully ornamented. On the walls are 
 portraits of Washington and his first Cabinet. The ceiling has symbolic paintings 
 representing Religion, Liberty, Legislative Authority, and Executive Power, with 
 portraits of Columbus, Vespucius, Wm. Brewster, and Franklin. 
 
 The Marble Room adjoining is of polished Tennessee marble and plate glass. 
 It is 40 feet long, and is used as a private reception room by the Senators. 
 
 The Vice-President's Room is the same size as the President's. It is hand- 
 somely furnished, and a fine painting of Washington hj Peale adorns the south 
 wall. 
 
 Th3 Senate Reception Room is very elaborately and beautifully ornamented. 
 Senators meet those who call upon them during the sessions of the Senate in this 
 room. 
 
 The Senate Post Office adjoining is worth a visit. The ceiling is covered 
 with symbolic paintings representing Geograj:>hy, History, Physics, and Teleg- 
 raphy. 
 
 The staircases to the galleries are of white Italian marble highly polished. On 
 the wall of the eastern staircase is the painting of the Battle of Lake Erie, Sep- 
 tember 10, 1813, by Wm. H. Powell ; cost, $25,000. At the foot of this staircase 
 is a statue of Franklin, by Hiram Powers ; cost, $10,000. Ascending these stairs 
 the corridors paved with encaustic tiles lead to a vestibule where are two paintings 
 by Thomas Moran, one, The Canon of the Yellowstone, the other, The Canon of 
 the Colorado ; each cost $10,000. A pretty figure in marble entitled " II Pense- 
 rosa" is also here. Near by is an escpiestrian likeness of General Scott. 
 There is also a full length likeness of Henry Clay, by John Neagle. 
 On the western staircase is a painting by James Walker of The Storming of 
 Chapultepec, and cost $6,000. At the foot of this staircase is a statue of Hancock, 
 by Stone ; cost, $5,500. 
 
 The rooms of all the committees of the Senate and House are fitted up hand- 
 somely ; those, however, which deserve more special attention are the Committees 
 on Agriculture, Military and Naval Affairs. The walls and ceilings are decorated 
 with historical paintings of a highly meritorious character and are well worthy a 
 visit. 
 
 Beneath this part of the building is the heating and ventilating apparatus, an 
 interesting place to visit, and will repay close examination. There is a similar 
 arrangement under the House of Representatives. 
 
 The Bronze Door at the entrance to the Senate illustrates Revolutionary 
 and national history symbolized by War and Peace. The battle of Bunker Hill ? 
 and the death of General Warren, in 1775. The battle of Monmouth, New 
 Jersey, in 1778. The battle at Yorktown, Virginia, in 1781. A fight between 
 an American and a Hessian. The ovation of Washington at Trenton, New Jer- 
 sey, in 1789. The first inauguration of President Washington in 1789. The 
 laying of the corner stone of the United States Capitol, September 3d, 1793, and 
 the Blessings of Peace. The door was designed by Thomas Crawford, and was 
 cast by James T. Ames, at Chicopee, Massachusetts, cost $60,000. 
 
 Over the door there is a group in marble, representing Justice and History. In 
 the pediment are detached figures representing the progress of American civiliza- 
 tion and the decadence of the Indians ; the centre figure is America, to the south 
 is a soldier, then a merchant, then youth, then the teacher, a mechanic, an anchor, 
 a sheaf of wheat ; to the north a pioneer settler, then a hunter, an Indian chief, 
 an Indian mother and babe, an Indian grave. The figures were modelled by 
 Crawford, and including the work of cutting them, cost about $50,000. 
 
 The Library of Congress. — This great collection of books occupies the west- 
 ern side of the Capitol, its centre hall is 91 feet long, 34 feet wide, and 38 feet 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 47 
 
 high, the side halls are the same. There are three open galleries of iron, the book 
 shelves being of the same material. It contains over four hundred thousand 
 volumes and innumerable pamphlets. The law requiring that a copy of every pub- 
 lication issued shall be sent to this Library, when copyrighted, is rapidly increas- 
 ing the above number. It is a public Library as far as examining and reading 
 the books in the Library during office hours is concerned, but they cannot be 
 taken away. There are a great many valuable works gathered here of special 
 interest to those of antiquarian tastes, rare copies of the Holy Bible exquisitely 
 illuminated. A new building to contain, its overflowing stores of learning and to 
 afford room for their proper arrangement has become a necessity. This collection 
 is very rich in history, political science, jurisprudence, and in books, pamphlets, 
 and periodicals of American publication, or relating in any way to America. At 
 the same time the Library is a universal one — in its range no department of litera- 
 ture or science being unrepresented. In the centre hall is a bust ordered by Con- 
 gress of Joseph M. Toner, M. D., of Washington, D. C.„ who presented to this 
 Library some 30,000 volumes, to be known as the Toner Collection. The thanks 
 of Congress were also voted to this liberal gentleman. 
 
 Statuary. — On the eastern front of the Capitol is a colossal statue of Wash- 
 ington, in a sitting position. It is, in every sense, an unfortunate presentment of 
 the father of his country, though the pedestal vainly tries to equalize matters by 
 repeating the well known, but never trite, " First in War, First in Peace, and 
 First in the Hearts of his Countrymen." On the southern end of the grand 
 entrance is a group — " The Discovery of America." On the northern end is a 
 group — "The Settlement of the Country;" both are by Greenough, and cost 
 1-50,000. On either side of the bronze door are colossal Statutes of War and 
 Peace, costing $6,000 each, and over it are three figures entitled the Genius of 
 America, Hope, and Justice — designed by John Quincy Adams, they are wrought 
 in sandstone — cost $1,500. 
 
 The Dome is reached by a staircase numbering 290 steps, and the view of the 
 city and surrounding country is worth the effort to ascend to such a height. It is 
 of iron, and is surmounted by a statute of Free- ^fsa^i^t ^4*5^ 
 dom, which was placed in position December ^--^dY <§8?lil§5ii6fe 
 
 :l, 1863. This statute was designed l>v < Yaw- -_• " = '"'•', ''v.'".' " §|§sBiiE£-=* 
 
 ford and cast by Mills— cost $25,000. At the jj 
 foot of the grand staircase on the western en- 
 trance is a sitting statue, in bronze, of Chief 
 Justice Marshall, by Story, cost $20,000. South 
 of the Capitol is the office of the Coast and 
 Geodetic Survey, which has in charge and is 
 prosecuting with due diligence and success the 
 survey of the coasts of the United States aiu 
 rivers emptying into the ocean and the Gull 
 of Mexico, and with the interior triangulation 
 of the country, including that of connecting 
 the surveys of the eastern and western coasts, 
 determining geographical positions in latitude 
 and longitude, and furnishing points of refer- statue of liberty. 
 
 ence for State surveys. Besides the annual reports to Congress the Survey pub- 
 lishes maps and charts of our coasts and harbors, books of sailing directions, and 
 annual tide tables, computed in advance, for all ports of the United States. 
 
 At the intersection of the Capitol grounds and Pennsylvania avenue is the 
 Naval Monument, erected in memory of the officers, seamen, and marines of the 
 United States Navy who fell in defence of the Union and Liberty of our Coun- 
 try, 1861-1865. The work on the figures is delicately and beautifully rendered, 
 
48 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 as though intended to grace a gallery of the Fine Arts, rather than be exposed 
 to the many changes of the weather, from summer's heat to winter's cold. It was 
 designed by Franklin Simmons, of Rhode Island. 
 
 In close proximity to this monument is the Botanic Garden, and it will be an 
 agreeable change to turn from the beauties of Art to the beauties of Nature, as 
 illustrated in the manifold variety of the floral kingdom, which in this garden 
 bloom in luxuriant abundance. In the garden is "The Bartholdi Fountain," 
 which was so highly admired during the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia, 
 Pa., in 1876. 
 
 The United States Treasury. — A mile to the west of the Capitol, on Penn- 
 sylvania avenue and Fifteenth street, is the Treasury, an imposing structure of 
 vast proportions and great architectural grandeur. Here everything relating to 
 the receipts and expenditures of the Nation is considered. 
 
 The cash room is well worthy a visit, as its walls are composed of many varie- 
 ties of American and foreign marble, and of more than usual beauty. 
 
 The Executive Mansion is immediately west of the Treasury ; it is popularly 
 known as the White House ; it is 180 feet long and 90 feet wide, and two stories 
 high. The main entrance leads to a large vestibule highly decorated. The East 
 Room is the grand reception room, is 80 feet long, 40 feet wide, and 22 feet high. 
 It is beautifully adorned. The furniture, the chandeliers, and mirrors are of the 
 most elegant description. The next room is the Green Room, so called from the 
 prevailing color of its draperies and furniture. Then comes the Blue Room ; it is 
 oval in shape, and, as its name indicates, is furnished iu blue and gold. This is 
 the room in which the President receives his guests at levees. The next is the Red 
 Room, which is furnished to correspond with its title. This room is where visitors 
 at levees and public receptions enter on their way to the blue room, where the 
 introduction to the President takes place. 
 
 The State Dining Room, adjoining, is fitted up in accordance with its name. 
 
 The portraits of the Presidents adorn the walls of the Mansion. 
 
 The Conservatory is very attractive, containing many rare exotics, and beautiful 
 flowers without number. 
 
 Opposite the White House is Lafayette Squai*e, in which is an equestrian statue 
 of Andrew Jackson, designed and cast by Clark Mills ; cost, $50,000. 
 
 Two antique bronze vases, seven feet high, ornament the grounds of this Square. 
 
 The State, War, and Navy Departments are all in the massive structure 
 just west of the White House. This grand edifice is a magnificent illustration of 
 the advanced views held by architects, hence all modern ideas as to strength of 
 construction, adaptability of arrangement ; heating and ventilation are here to be 
 found in perfection. There are some rooms fitted up with marvellous beauty, 
 and are worthy of special examination. The reception room, the room of the 
 Diplomatic corps, and those of the Secretaries of the Departments are all elab- 
 orately finished, and elegantly furnished. The library of the State Department 
 is very attractive and interesting. The original Declaration of Independence is 
 in the custody of this Department. The portraits of all the Secretaries of State 
 adorn the walls and also that of the Bey of Tunis, which was presented by him- 
 self to Secretary Seward. 
 
 The Navy Department occupies the east front of the building. The Secretary 
 of the Navy performs such duties as the President of the United States, who is 
 Commander-in-Chief, may assign him, and has the general superintendence of 
 construction, manning, armament, equipment, and employment of vessels of war. 
 
 The Bureaus of the Navy Department are as follows, viz. : 
 
 Yards and Docks, Navigation, Ordnance, Provisions and Clothing, Medicine 
 and Surgery, Construction and Repair, Equipment and Recruiting, and Office 
 of the En<nneer-in-Chief. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 49 
 
 The War Department occupies the north front of the building. 
 
 The Secretary of War performs such duties as the President of the United 
 States, who is Commander-in-Chief, may enjoin upon him concerning the military 
 service , and has 
 the superintend- 
 ence of the pur- 
 chase of Army sup" 
 plies, transport a- 
 tions, etc. The ad- 
 jutant General's of- 
 fice is also here lo- 
 cated, as are also 
 the offices of the 
 I nspector-General, 
 the Quartermaster- 
 General, the Com- 
 missar y- General , 
 the Surgeon-Gene- 
 ral, the Paymaster- 
 General, the Chief 
 of Engineers, and 
 the Chief of Ord- 
 nance. 
 
 The Winder 
 building, near by, 
 contains a very in- 
 teresting museum 
 in the care of the 
 Ordnance office. 
 
 The Washing- 
 ton Monument is 
 
 on the reservation 
 south of the Trea- 
 sury, and is an obe- 
 lisk 570 feet high. 
 Its great height and 
 freedom from mei-e- 
 tricious ornament 
 creates a profound 
 impression on the 
 mind of the behold- 
 er. Its inner surface is ornamented at intervals with " memorial stones," sent from 
 various nations, States, and associations of different kinds throughout the world, and 
 so arranged as not to be interfered with by the iron stairway, which ascends to the 
 top of the monument. These stones add to the interest in the work, as showing- 
 how wide-spread is the fame of Washinton. The various inscriptions and highly 
 embellished designs on these tablets add much to the beauty of this part of the 
 structure. In addition to the stairway, in the centre of the shaft, there is the 
 usual elevator. The view from the top is enchanting, and no one visiting the city 
 should fail to ascend and enjoy the scene. It is among the highest points in the 
 world, some of the more notable are : 
 
 Feet. 
 
 - 220 
 
 Bunker Hill monument, Boston, Massachusetts 
 Sesostris' obelisk, Thebes, Egypt 
 St. Paul's, London, England - - - 
 
 4 
 
 200 
 320 
 
50 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 Feet. 
 
 St. Peter, Rome, Italy - 465 
 
 Cathedral tower, Strasburgh, Germany - - - 460 
 
 Tower of Molines, Belgium ----- 550 
 
 Washington Monument, Washington, District of Columbia - 570 
 
 Public Buildings tower, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania - - 565 
 
 The monuments in and about the city are mostly the outcome of the Avar, and 
 perpetuate in enduring marble and bronze the outward form and semblance of at 
 least a few, whose deeds are among the treasured assets of our National history. 
 
 Those already referred to do not reappear in the following list: 
 
 Washington, Pennsylvania avenue and 23d stseets N. W. Artist, Clark Mills, 
 cost $50,000. 
 
 Greene, General, Massachusetts avenue and 5th streets N. E. Artist, Henry 
 K. Browne, cost $50,000. 
 
 Emancipation, East Capitol and 11th streets East. Artist, Thomas Bell, cost 
 $17,000. 
 
 Thomas, General, M and 14th streets N. W. Artist, Ida Ward, cost $65,000. 
 
 Farragut, Admiral, Connecticut avenue and 17th streets. Artist, Vinnie Ream, 
 cost $20,000. 
 
 Scott, General, N and 161 streets. Artist, H. K. Browne, cost $73,000. 
 
 Rawlins, General, New York avenue and 18th streets. Artist, J. Bailey, cost 
 $10,000. 
 
 McPherson, General, Vermont avenue and 15th streets. Cost, $40,000. 
 
 Luther, N and 14th streets N. W. Cost $10,000. 
 
 The Corcoran Art Gallery is ^ ^=^==^ mm^^ 
 
 opposite the War Department and is |§|| 
 
 worthy of an extended visit. It has a *m^Smm 
 grand collection, which includes many l§|p . ri 
 
 of the finest paintings and pieces of ll§ 
 statuary on this continent. It is ex- i jjjyj 
 ceedingly rich in its collection of rare \ :" 
 
 works of art, bronzes, cvc. Thebuilding :V'^% 
 
 is in the style of the Rennaisance, 105 'IfflH 
 by 125 feet, and, with all its contents, L * 
 
 and with an endowment of a million ;J |||gMi Sn3al~- 
 
 of dollars, is a gift to the Nation by 
 
 W. W. Corcoran, a gentleman of large ggjy, , jILJ 
 
 means and generous culture. It is 
 open free, from 10 to 4 o'clock, on ^jjjgg 
 Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. -■^■cmis yT-^/V^' -^ . 
 On Mondav, Wednesday, and Friday 
 25 cents admission is charged. corcoran art gallery. 
 
 The Department of Justice is opposite the Treasury, and has fine accom- 
 modations in a commodious building. The portraits of all the Attorneys-General 
 of the United States adorn the walls. The Court of Claims is also in this build- 
 ing. 
 
 The Post Office Department. — Is a fine specimen of Italian architecture. 
 Its principal point of interest is " The Dead Letter Office," which has a sort of 
 museum in which are placed the strange things which have failed to reach the 
 proper parties by reason of wrong directions and otherwise. The original 
 Record Book of this Department kept by Franklin, when Postmaster, is shown to 
 visitors 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 51 
 
 The Army Medical Museum on Tenth street below F is, in its way, the finest 
 
 in this country or the world. The ma- 
 terial here collected, from the battle-fields 
 and hospitals, formed the basis upon 
 which the medical and surgical histories 
 of the war were prepared. It has also a 
 large medical library, and contains the 
 records of the war. 
 
 The Department of the Interior, 
 one of the finest specimens of doric archi- 
 tecture in our country, is situated on F 
 street between 7th and 9th streets. In 
 this building are located the offices of the 
 Secretary of the Interior, Assistant Sec- 
 retary of the Interior, Commissioner of 
 Patents, Commissioner of Pensions, Com- 
 missioner of the General Land Office, 
 Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Commis- 
 sioner of Education, Commissioner of 
 Railroads, Director of the Geological Sur- 
 vey, and Superintendent of the Census. 
 The museum in this building will repay a visit, and those interested in education 
 will find much to enjoy in examining the collection showing the modes of instruc- 
 tion adopted by different States and nationalities. 
 
 FOUNDRY M. E. CHURCH. 
 
 Pension Office. — Owing to the immensity of the work of the Pension Office, 
 Congress authorized the erection of a Pension Office building, which is on the 
 north front of Judiciary Square, on G and Sixth streets N. W. It is a very 
 complete structure, and is a novelty in the building line and worthy a visit. 
 It is built of brick, the exterior being faced with pressed bricks, and the orna- 
 mentation is composed of molded and intaglio bricks and terra cotta. The build- 
 ing is a large one, the ornamental frieze placed above the windows of the first 
 story girts more than one-fourth of a mile. This frieze is of terra cotta, and is 
 enriched with designs representing incidents of the late war. Some of the fig- 
 ures depict infantry marching, cavalry, artillery and wagon trains in motion; 
 while other terra cotta ornamentations of this building represent cannon, shot, 
 and exploding shells. The building contains about twelve million bricks, and the 
 competing bidders for this material were required to submit samples, which were 
 tested at the United States arsenal, Watertown, Mass., by compression between 
 cast-iron platforms, after the faces of the samples had been ground flat. The 
 weakest bricks crushed under a total pressure of 210,000 pounds, being 6,750 lbs. 
 to the square inch, and the strongest, which was a hard-burned arch brick, crushed 
 at a total pressure of 324,500 pounds, being 10,290 pounds to the square inch. 
 The average of these two extremities is 8,520 pounds to the square inch, which 
 exceeds a pressure of 540 tons to the square foot, and this is nearly four times as 
 much as good building stone, and more than twice as much as for granite. 
 
 The Government Printing Office, corner of North Capitol and H streets, 
 is a mammoth establishment, the largest printing office in our country. It is 300 
 feet long, 180 feet wide, and four stories high. All the public documents are 
 printed here. All the modern inventions to facilitate rapid printing and binding 
 are here in use, and it is worth the attention of all interested in " The art preser- 
 vative of arts " to go through it. There are over one thousand employed in the 
 building, and the volumes issued each year reach hundreds of tons in weight, and 
 millions of copies. 
 
52 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 The National Museum Building, on B street southwest, between 10th and 1 2th 
 streets, is a very popular place of resort. Here are stored all the curious and valu- 
 able things brought home by the United States Expeditions, the collections of the 
 "Centennial at Philadelphia," and additions from scientific societies and museums 
 the world over. Though merely the beginning of a museum, it has already ar- 
 rested the attention of those well versed in such institutions at home and abroad. 
 Visitors will notice that each article is so intelligently labeled that a descriptive 
 catalogue is not needed. The building is 350 feet square, and cost almost 
 $300,000. 
 
 The City Hall is occu- 
 pied by the courts of the Dis- 
 trict. The structure is of 
 freestone and painted white. 
 It occupies the south front of 
 Judiciary Square. 
 
 In front of the building, 
 on a marble column, is a 
 statue of Lincoln by Lot 
 Flannery, of Washington, 
 D.C. 
 
 The Office of the Com- 
 missioners of the District 
 is on 4} street, near Penn- 
 sylvania avenue. Here all 
 the officials connected with 
 the local government are 
 found. 
 
 From the peculiarity of the 
 local government of Wash- 
 ington there is no such thing 
 as voting in this District. 
 
 The United States Fish 
 Commission has in charge 
 the developing and fostering a 
 new industry. The princi pal 
 station is on 6th street and B 
 southwest. It is an interest- 
 ing place. The plan and pro- 
 pension office. cess of hatching and caring 
 
 for the very young fish is novel, and gives to those who visit the station some new 
 ideas concerning the value of fish and the methods of their propagation. 
 
 The Smithsonian Institution is the gift to the people by Mr. James Smithson, 
 of England. It stands high in the world of science. It is pursuing its mission for 
 " the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men" in the wise and judicious man- 
 ner inaugurated by the late Professor Joseph Henry, its original Secretary ; it is 
 growing in favor as results are beginning to show themselves in the most gratify- 
 ing manner. The building is highly ornamental of the Norman style of architec- 
 ture. It is about 450 feet long and 160 feet wide. Near the entrance is a statue, 
 in bronze, of Joseph Henry, born 1798, died in 1878, by Story — cost $10,000. 
 
 The Agricultural Department, just west of the Smithsonian, has a rather 
 interesting museum, and the greenhouses contain many rare and beautiful plants, 
 the o-rounds indicate good taste, and show a high degeee of culture. Here are found 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 53 
 
 the offices of the Commissioner of Agriculture, the Statistician, the Entomologist, 
 the Botanist, the Chemist, the Microscopist, the Propagating Garden, Library, 
 and the Seed Division. Seeds are purchased in this and foreign countries of reli- 
 able firms, whose guarantee of good quality and genuineness cannot be questioned; 
 they are packed at the Department, and distributed to applicants in all parts of 
 the country, free of charge. 
 
 The Soldiers' Home. — 
 A visit to this place is one 
 of the popular drives in 
 the vicinity of Washington. 
 The grounds are •well laid 
 out and highly ornamented 
 with rare and beautiful flow- 
 ers. It occupies a high pla- 
 teau on the north of the city 
 about four miles from the 
 Capitol. For beauty of situ- 
 ation it is unsurpassed ; no 
 other point in the city and 
 vicinity command as fine 
 a view of the city and 
 surrounding country. The 
 Home is of Norman archi- 
 tecture, six hundred feet 
 long and sixty feet wide, 
 with a tower ninety feet 
 high. There are several 
 handsome cottages on the 
 grounds occupied by the 
 officers, and for short periods 
 in summer by the Presidents. 
 The residents of the Home 
 '^t^ilR r are tne °ld soldiers of the 
 
 Regular Army, who find 
 here a comfortable resting: 
 
 
 SOLDIERS' HOME. 
 
 place after all the toils and hardships of war. There is a statue of General Scott, 
 at whose suggestion the Home was founded, looking down upon the city from the 
 brow of a beautiful hill. There is a National Cemetery worthy a visit, adjoining 
 the Home. 
 
 The Bureau of Engraving and Printing, on B and 14th streets southwest. 
 In this building are engraved and printed the greenbacks, bonds, stamps for in- 
 ternal revenue, and the national currency, besides a great amount of other work 
 for Congress and the Departments. Here one can see on what an enormous scale 
 this work is carried on ; a late report says there are over 1,200 employes, and the 
 number of sheets handled and impressions printed number several millions. The 
 building is a handsome structure, and cost about $700,000. 
 
 The National Observatory is under the direction of the Navy Depart- 
 ment, and ranks with the foremost in the world. It has a library of great value. 
 The " Great Equatorial Telescope," weighing 130,000 lbs., cost $47,000 was 
 mounted in 1873. 
 
 The Naval Hospital, on Pennsylvania avenue and Ninth street southeast, is a 
 commodious structure, and is for the benefit of the officers and men of the Navy 
 and Marine Corps ; it cost about $125,000. The Arsenal is at the southern termi- 
 
54 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 UNITED STATES POST-OFFICE. 
 
 nus of Four-and-a-half street southwest. The grounds are beautifully laid out, 
 and visitors will find here many object of interest ; the drive along the riverfront 
 is very popular. 
 
 The Navy Yard, at the 
 terminus of Eighth street 
 southeast, has many points 
 of interest to invite atten- 
 tion. There are two or three 
 " Monitors " at the wharves, 
 several large workshops and 
 founderies. The museum is 
 full of objects of special val- 
 ue, as they are more or less 
 identified with the exploits 
 of our Navy. About the 
 yard are some rare pieces 
 of ordnance, one being a 
 cannon used by Cortez in 
 his conquest of Mexico, also a mortar captured at Yorktown, Va., at the sur- 
 render of Corn wall is. The headquarters of the Marine Corps are near by, and 
 the " Barracks " will attract the attention of those interested in this branch of 
 our naval service. 
 
 NEWSPAPERS. 
 
 The city is well supplied with news. The publishers and editors are fully ' 
 aware of what is demanded by an intelligent constituency. Their proximity 
 to the seat of the National Government affords them abundant opportunities to 
 give tone and color to public thought, and also to reorganize the whole range of 
 general intelligence, of which this city, as the Capital of the Nation, is the ac- 
 knowledged centre. They hold the local mirror up to nature, enabling us " to 
 see ourselves as others see us ;" and, possessing all the elements of metropolitan 
 journalism, they reflect credit upon the sagacity and liberality of their man- 
 agement. 
 
 The Evening Star is published every afternoon, except Sunday. Office, Penn- 
 sylvania avenue and Eleventh street N.W. 
 
 The Evening Critic is published every afternoon except Sunday. Office, 
 511 Ninth street N.W. 
 
 The National Republican is published every morning except Sunday. Office, 
 corner of Tenth and D streets N.W. 
 
 The Washington Post is published every morning. Office, corner of Tenth 
 and D streets N.W. 
 
 The Washington Journal is published every morning in German. Office, 
 corner of Seventh and G streets N.W. 
 
 The Herald is published every Sunday morning. Office, 409 Tenth street 
 N. W. 
 
 The Gazette is published every Sunday morning. Office, 911 D street N.W. 
 
 The Chronicle is published every Sunday morning. Office, 432 Ninth street 
 N.W. 
 
 The Capital is published every Sunday morning. Office, 1326 F street N.W. 
 
 The Republic is published every Saturday. Office, 908 Pennsylvania avenue 
 N.W. 
 
 The Patent Office Gazette is published every Tuesdav. Office, the Patent 
 Office, Seventh and F streets N.W. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 55 
 
 The Sentinel is published every Saturday. Office, 516 Tenth street N.W. 
 
 The World and Citizen Soldier is published every Saturday. Office 1006 
 F street N.W. 
 
 The Hatchet is published every Saturday. Office, 511 Ninth street N.W. 
 
 The Weekly Star is published every Friday. Office, corner of Pennsylvania 
 avenue and Eleventh street N.W. 
 
 BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 
 This city has a goodly number of organizations, which maybe covered in under 
 
 this general title. 
 
 In this group are found houses for the poor, whom we "have always with us," 
 hospitals and dispensaries for those who are needing immediate or continued aid, 
 schools and asylums for those deprived of one or more of their faculties, and for 
 those who are entirely bereft of reason, and many others, remedial and reforma- 
 tory. The names and locations of most of them are given. They are supported 
 by private contributions, though in some instances they are aided by appropria- 
 tions from the District treasury. 
 
 The Washington City Orphan Asylum, S and 14th streets N. W., founded in 
 1815. 
 
 St. Ann's Infant Assylum for children under five years of age, 24th and K 
 streets N. W. 
 
 St. John's Male Orphan Asylum, 9th and H streets N. W. 
 
 St. Vincent's Female Orphan Asylum, lOtljrfHid G streets N. W. 
 
 Louise Home for reduced gentlewomen, 4 , 6"t» street and Massachusetts avenue 
 N. W. This is a gift to the public from W. W. Corcoran, and named in honor 
 of his wife and daughter. He has also liberally endowed it. 
 
 The Epiphany Church Home, H near loth street N. W. 
 
 The Home for the Aged, in charge of the Little Sisters of the Poor, 3d and H 
 streets N. E. 
 
 The Children's Hospital, 13th and W streets N. W. 
 
 The German Orphan Asylum. 
 
 Home for destitude colored women and childen, 8th street and Boundary N.W. 
 
 Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. 
 
 Women's Christian Association, 1016 Eleventh street N. W. 
 
 Emergency Hospital and Central Free Dispensary, 10th street near D N. W. 
 
 Providence Hospital, 2d and D streets S. E. 
 
 Homeopathic Free Dispensary, G street near 7th N. W. 
 
 Freedman's Hospital, 7th street near Boundary N. W. 
 
 Garfield Memorial Hospital, 14th street and Boundary N. W. 
 
 Homeopathic Hospital, F street near 11th N. W. 
 
 Hospital for the Insane, on the banks of the Eastern branch of the Potomac. 
 
 Columbia Hospital for Women and Lying-in Asylum, Pennsylvania avenue and 
 24th street N. W : 
 
 Reform School, about three miles northeast of the Capitol. 
 Industrial Home School, West Washington. 
 
 The Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, at Kendall Green, in the 
 northeastern part of the city. 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 These organized bodies into which mankind socially divide themselves are numer- 
 ous at the Capital. The more prominent are given, with the location of their halls or 
 
56 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 places of meeting ; the others are merely enumerated. Their objects can be recog- 
 nized by their titles, and those interested in or allied to them by membership will 
 always be warmly welcomed : 
 
 The Young Men's Christian Association, 1409 New York avenue N. W. 
 
 The Carroll Institute, 606 F street N. W. 
 
 The Free and Accepted Masons, 9th and F streets. 
 
 The Independent Order of Odd-Fellow t s, 7th street above D N.W. 
 
 The Grand Army of the Republic, 9th and D streets N. W. 
 
 The Medical Society of the District of Columbia. 
 
 The Homeopathic Medical Society of the District of Columbia. 
 
 The Washington Philosophical Society. 
 
 The Biological Society. 
 
 The Horticultural Society. 
 
 EDUCATION. 
 
 The public schools of Washington are not surpassed by those of any city in the 
 United States. Beginning at six years of age in the primary, through all the 
 grades to the High School, the intellectual training is equal to the best. The 
 headquarters of the Public Schools, where the Superintendent has his office and 
 where the Trustees meet, is in the Franklin Public School Building, corner of 
 13th and K streets N. W. The office of the Superintendent of the colored schools 
 is in the Sumner Public School Building, 17th and M streets N. W. The school 
 buildings of the city have long been celebrated for their general beauty and the 
 completeness of their accommodations. Those herewith named are well worthy 
 of a visit : 
 
 The Analostan, 21st and G streets N. W. 
 
 The Jefferson, 6th and D streets S. W. 
 
 The Miner, 17th and Q streets N. W. 
 
 The Wallach, 8th street and Pennsylvania avenue S. E. 
 
 The Lincoln, 2d and C streets S. E. 
 
 The Curtis, O near 32d street, West Washington. 
 
 The Randall, 1st and I streets S. W. 
 
 The Amidon, 6th and G streets S. W. 
 
 The High School, 7th and O streets N. W. 
 
 RELIGION. 
 
 The various phases of religious thought have their representative church or- 
 ganizations at the Capital. There is, however, no unseemly jarring between 
 those holding different theological views, obeying with more or less zeal the 
 dogmas of the church of their choice. Many of the church buildings are ex- 
 tremely beautiful, being models of church architecture, reflecting credit upon the 
 good taste and liberal spirit of their membership. 
 
 Of the Baptist Churches the First is on 13th and G streets N.W. ; Calvary, 8th 
 and H streets N.W. ; Fifth, 4J and D streets S. W. ; E Street, E near Sixth 
 streets N.W. 
 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 57 
 
 Episcopal. — St. John's, 16th and G streets N.W. ; Epiphany, G street, near 13th 
 street N.W. ; Ascension, 12th street and Massachusetts avenue N.W. ; St. Andrew's, 
 14th and Corcoran streets N.W. 
 
 Methodist. — Metropolitan, 41 and C streets N.W. ; Foundry, 14th and G streets 
 N.W.; Ryland, 10th and D streets N.W. ; Mount Vernon, 9th and K streets 
 N.W.; Wesley, 5th and F streets N.W. 
 
 Presbyterian. — First, 4? street, near 6th street N.W. ; New York avenue, 
 New York avenue, near 13th street N.W. ; Metropolitan, 4th street, near B street 
 S. E. ; Westminister, 7th street, near E street S.W. ; Central, 3d street, near I 
 street N. W. 
 
 Roman Catholic— St. Patrick's, 10th and G streets N.W.; St. Mathew's, 15th 
 and H streets N.W. ; St. Aloysius, North Capitol and I streets N.W ; St. Dominic's, 
 6th and E streets S.W. ; St. Peter's, 2d and C streets S. E. 
 
 Lutheran. — St. Paul's, 11th and H streets N.W. ; Memorial, 14th and N streets 
 N.W. 
 
 Hebrew Synagogue, 8th street, near H street N.W. 
 
 Adas Israel Synagogue, 6th and G streets N.W. 
 
 Methodist Protestant, 9th street, near F street N.W. 
 
 First Congregational, 10th and G streets N.W. 
 
 New Jerusalem, North Capitol street, near B street N.W. 
 
 Independent, 9th street, near B street S. W. 
 
 All Souls Unitarian, 14th and L streets N.W. 
 
 Christian Church, Vermont avenue and O street N.W. 
 
 CEMETERIES. 
 
 This word is of Christian origin, and denotes that not only the dead rest from 
 their labors, but indicates the hope of a future resurrection. All that nature with 
 lavish hand can furnish of grateful shade and fragrant bloom; all that art can 
 suggest, stimulated by love for those " who are not," finds rare fulfillment in these 
 sleeping places of the dead. 
 
 Oak Hill Cemetery is on the banks of Rock Creek, in West Washington. It 
 is another illustration of the large-heartedness of the gentleman who has done so 
 much for Washington, Mr. W. W. Corcoran, he presented this cemetery to the 
 trustees for the purpose its name implies. It is handsomely laid out in terraces, 
 and the monuments display the highest degree of excellence. The undulating 
 character of the ground has given opportunity for many picturesque views, of hill 
 and valley, of vistas, where can be seen the broad waters of the Potomac rolling 
 to the Chesapeake, and the grand metropolis of our nation on its border. The 
 shady ravines are sylvan in their leafy loneliness, and the silver tinkling of waters 
 falling in gentle cascades from many fountains adds to the loveliness of the scene, 
 while all around are the graves of those loved ones who ever " slept with soft con- 
 tent beside their pillow, and never waked but to a joyful morning," in close com- 
 panionship with the historic dead whose deeds of heroism are among the treasured 
 assets of our national glory. Near by, the ivy-mantled Chapel touches with a 
 shade of melancholy the tender scene over which the sad but ever-living " Cypress 
 glooms," "though branch and leaf" "are stamped with an eternal grief." 
 
 Glenwood is north of the Capitol and has much to interest the visitor ; beautiful 
 monuments, shady avenues, and tasteful adornments. 
 
 Mount Olivet is northeast of the Capitol. This ground has been consecrated by 
 the rites of the Roman Catholic Church. 
 
58 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 
 CONGRESSIONAL BURYING GROUND. 
 
 Graoeland is also northeast of the Capitol. 
 
 Rock Creek, beyond the Soldiers' Home, is the oldest Cemetery in the vicinity 
 of the city, having been set apart in 1719 when the Rock Creek Church was built. 
 
 Congressional is on the banks of the Eastern 
 Branch of the Potomac. It takes its name 
 from the fact that on the death of a member 
 of Congress a cenotaph is here erected to his 
 memory. 
 
 Arlington. — This is the great National 
 Cemetery ; it consists of 200 acres ; over 16,000 
 of the Union soldiers lie buried in this place, 
 thus rendered famous for all time. The man- 
 sion is used as the office of the superintendent, 
 and the view from here of the city of Wash- 
 ington is un|)aralleled in magnificence. The 
 grounds are in perfect accord with the main 
 objects for which it has been dedicated. Ave- 
 nues are here shaded by primeval oaks and 
 towering elms, and drives reach every point 
 of the interesting enclosure. The walks bring 
 into view the gentle dells, where flowers ever bloom, and leafy ravines where nature 
 is left to drape with vine and tendril the spreading branches of overhanging trees. 
 This is hallowed ground where, upon the 30th of May in each and every year, the 
 young and the old, with solemn step and thankful heart, place a votive offering 
 of some fragrant blossom or wild flower upon the graves of those who died for 
 their country. 
 
 Georgetown. — This place lost its individual existence when the local city 
 governments were submerged by an act of Congress creating the Territory of the 
 District of Columbia. This in turn gave way to the present form of a government 
 by Commissioners. Still, such is the habit of old association, that, provincial 
 though it may be, West Washington is still better known by its old title of George- 
 town. It was an ancient village before the Capital was founded. The Colonial 
 Government of Maryland laid out the town in 1751 on Rock Creek, where that 
 stream empties into the Potomac. The scenery in the immediate vicinity is very 
 fine, and the "Heights of Georgetown" 
 have always been mentioned with pride by 
 the people, and the drive along the Heights 
 is considered one of the finest of the many 
 for which the city is famous. For many years 
 its flour-mills took the lead in the manufac- 
 ture of the finest brands, and even yet the 
 millers sustain their old-time reputation 
 for quality, while in quantity it would be 
 vain to compete with Northern and West- 
 ern mills. The Chesapeake and Ohio Ca- 
 
 nal brings Georgetown into direct commu- 
 nication with the Cumberland coal regions 
 of Maryland, and a large annual trade is 
 -carried on in this valuable product, and 
 many vessels find lucrative employment 
 in its transportation to other cities. 
 
 It is the seat of the Georgetown College, 
 one of the most important institutions of 
 learning in our land. It was established by 
 the Roman Catholics in 1789, and has 
 among its alumni many prominent and use- 
 ful men in every walk of life. The new 
 
 CABIN JOHN BRI 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 59 
 
 buildings were designed by Smethmeyer and are among the leading structures of 
 our country. The library contains many volumes of ecclesiastical lore, curious 
 books, sacred missals, valuable manuscripts, and its museum is rich in articles rare 
 and beautiful — coins, medals, &c. 
 
 The Curtis public school is one of the finest Ba^-. 
 
 buildings of its kind, and is complete in all pSiff8%__ 
 
 its appointments. 
 
 The Peabody Library is in the Curtis build- 
 ing. This free library is a gift to Georgetown 
 from George Peabody, the eminent philan- 
 thropist, of London, England, he having at 
 one time lived here, and wished to show his 
 appreciation of the fact. 
 
 In a hall adjoining the Peabody Libary is 
 *' The Linthiciim Institute," for the education *^*^8|5SPBP$^^,^ 
 of white male children, and where a school KATI0NAL OBSERVATORY , on obser- 
 was established several years ago under the vatory kill. 
 
 provisions of the will of Mr. Edward Linthi- 
 ciim, a wealthy gentleman of this city, who bequeathed $50,000 for this purpose. 
 This sum has been prudently and wisely invested. 
 
 The Georgetown High Reservoir is an object of special interest. The surface is 
 220 feet above tide-water. 
 
 This school has been in successful operation ever since, and the pupils have 
 been taught drawing, writing, arithmetic, elocution, physics, and chemistry. The 
 public can reasonably hope that the trustees may soon enlarge the operations of 
 this Institute, so that the bequest of the testator, which is beneficent, generous, and 
 practical, shall meet the fullest measure of success. 
 
 About a mile further north is the Industrial Home School, a charitable institu- 
 tion, and beyond is the attractive hamlet of Tenley. 
 
 Little Falls. — The river at this point is exceedingly beautiful, and will 
 abundantly reward the artist who shall properly delineate it. A substantial bridge 
 here crosses the turbulent stream to the Virginia shore, and from it a drive of 
 fifteen miles through an interesting hill and forest country leads to the Great 
 Falls. 
 
 From this point of the river the water used by the people of Washington is 
 conveyed to the city by means of the Washington aqueduct, 
 
 This vast enterprise has cost nearly three millions of dollars. Ascending the 
 banks of the Potomac from Georgetown to the Great Falls one would conclude 
 that a more unpromising region for the construction of an aqueduct could not be 
 found. Supported by high walls against the face of rough and vertical precipices, 
 in continual danger of being undermined by the foaming torrent which boils 
 below, the canal (the Chesapeake and Ohio) is a monument of the energy and 
 daring of our engineers. But when the levels were applied to the ground it was 
 found that the rocky precipices and difficult passages were nearly all below the 
 line, which, allowing a uniform grade, would naturally be selected for the conduit, 
 
 There are, in all, upon this work eleven tunnels, some of them many hundred 
 feet in length, and six bridges. The most remarkable of these is the bridge that 
 spans a small tributary of the Potomac, called the Cabin John Creek, by a single 
 arch, two hundred and "twenty feet in span, and one hundred feet high. The 
 receiving reservoir is formed by throwing a dam across a small stream known as 
 the Little Falls branch. The dam is of pounded earth, and floods above fifty 
 acres, making a reservoir of irregular shape, containing, at a level of one hun- 
 dred and forty feet above high tide, 82,521,500 gallons. The water leaves it at a 
 distance of three thousand feet from the point where it enters, and, in slowly passing 
 
60 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 across 
 
 this pool, which deepens to thirty or forty feet near the exit, deposits most of 
 
 its sediment. The Little Falls branch sup- 
 plies two or three millions of gallons of pure 
 water daily to the reservoir. The Great 
 Falls of the Potomac, from whence the 
 supply of water is obtained are nineteen miles 
 distant. 
 
 This romantic water-fall is a sublime speci- 
 men of the wildest mood of nature. Through 
 jagged barriers of rock, the river forces its 
 way with great vehemence. The entire scene 
 is wild in the extreme, and exhibits the 
 caprices of nature on a grand and beautitul 
 scale. 
 
 They can be reached by canal or road, and 
 will w 7 ell repay the time required to visit 
 
 THE GREAT FALLS OF THE POTOMAC, them. 
 
 Mount Vernon, Washington's old homestead, is about 15 miles below the city, 
 
 and is in the possession of a " Board of Regents," composed exclusively of ladies, 
 
 who do all they can to preserve this hallowed spot 
 
 from the ravages of time. It is reached by steam- 
 boat every day, except Sunday, and the trip is very 
 
 enjoyable. No handsomer stream flows than the Poto- jl 
 
 mac, and by reason of the abrupt turns and wind- fjj 
 
 ings of the river, many lake-like scenes are presented l|j 
 
 to the view. 
 
 The mansion is being restored to the days of its 
 
 colonial dignity, when it was deemed a fitting home || 
 
 for a gentleman of the old school. As far as may J| 
 
 be, old furniture of the eighteenth century is being 3 
 
 secured, and many of the "Lares and Penates" of E 
 
 the household are being returned to rooms, which ~^~ 
 
 they adorned in the early days of the Republic. 3 
 
 The tomb of Washington here located is the Mecca 
 
 of Liberty, where lies all that is mortal of one, who WASHINGTON'S whtte house 
 
 until the last syllable of recorded time shall be known AS IT WAS IN Ph^^lphia, "90. 
 
 and revered as the Father 
 of his Country. 
 
 The view from Mount 
 Vernon is exceedingly pic- 
 turesque, and has ever been 
 deemed one of the choicest 
 places on the river, and 
 historically it is the centre 
 >f a large area of country 
 where lived so many of our 
 Revolutionary heroes. The 
 grounds of Mount Vernon 
 were laid out by Washing- 
 ton, a number of trees 
 planted by him are known, 
 and the efforts made to re- 
 mount vernon. store t h e grounds have 
 
 been so successful that it needs but little effort to again people the place with great 
 
 men who founded our nation. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 61 
 
 A COMPENDIUM 
 
 GRAPHIC SKETCHES OF ITS PROMINENT PLACES MD PEOPLE, 
 
 EPISODES IN USEFUL LIVES AND LOCAL REMINSSCENSES. 
 
 BRAINARD H. WARNER, 
 Real Estate Dealer and Manager, No. 916 F street North-west. 
 
 Mr. Warner is one of 
 
 the largest real estate deal- 
 ers in the District of Co- 
 lumbia, besides doing a 
 large business in the col- 
 lection of rents, managing 
 and overseeing estates, and 
 everything else connected 
 with a well conducted real 
 estate business. He was 
 horn in 1847 at Great 
 Bend, Pennsylvania, and 
 came to Washington in 
 1863, and was for a time a 
 ^==- _^=- clerk in Judiciary Square 
 Hospital, also in die War 
 Department, Treasury De- 
 partment, and Deputy Col- 
 lector of Internal Revenue 
 for 9th District of Penn- 
 sylvania. He engaged in 
 the real estate business in 
 1869, since which time he 
 has built up a very large 
 business, in the transac- 
 tion of which he employs 
 eight assistants. He was 
 formerly in the auction 
 business, and has expended 
 as much as $20,000 in a 
 year for advertising. He 
 is director in the National 
 Metropolitan Bank, Co- 
 lumbia Fire Insurance Co., 
 Virginia Brick Co., and 
 in a large number of local 
 enterprises, and has al- 
 ways been conspicuous in 
 any measures conducing 
 to the general welfare of 
 the city. He is president 
 of the Board of School 
 Trustees and the Industrial Home School. He owns perhaps the most showy 
 single-front building in the city, which was built with special reference to the 
 real estate business. 
 
62 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 THE NATIONAL THEATRE, 
 W. W. Rapley, Propiietor. 
 
 This land-mark of the National Capital has a history of its own. The spot 
 where the present National Theatre stands has been so long and intimately connected 
 with the amusements of the Capital that to describe its early reminiscences would 
 be to go back to the earliest days of the establishment of Washington as the Capi- 
 tal of the Nation. Let it suffice to say, that since its dedication to public enter- 
 tainments all the celebrities of the world who have visited this city have performed 
 on this spot, and political meetings of national importance have been held in its- 
 halls. When Jenny Lind visited this country in the fifties the regular theater 
 had burned down, and on the spot a temporary wooden-structure was erected to 
 honor the Swedish Nightingale. Amongst the audience was the author of "Home 
 Sweet Home," Daniel Webster, and the social and political elite of the Capital. 
 The old temporary structure, which was then mainly used for circus performances, 
 
 was bought, with the ground, etc., in 
 1863, by Messrs. W. W. Rapley and 
 Spaulcling, two enterprising and 
 well-known Washingtonians. They 
 rebuilt and remodeled it thoroughly, 
 and then, for the first time, the Cap- 
 ital had what properly could be 
 called a first-class place, under the 
 name of the National Theatre. 
 About 1873, Mr. W. W. Rapley 
 bought out his former partner, and 
 has since remained the sole proprie- 
 tor of this valuable and historic 
 property. The theater has just been 
 renovated, and secure in cases of 
 fire, and has a seating capacity for 
 1,730 persons. The business mana- 
 ger in Washington is Mr. S. G. 
 Kinsley, a gentleman well known 
 for his business qualities, experi- 
 ence, and integrity. He fills his 
 delicate and difficult position since 
 many years to the utmost satisfac- 
 
 JUDD & DETWEILBR'S NEW PRINTING OFFICE, 
 Nos. 42(i and 422 Eleventh street N. W. [Editorial page 85.] 
 
 tion of the lessee and of the public in general. 
 
 T. J. W. ROBERTSON, 
 
 Solicitor of American and Foreign 
 Patents, 605 Seventh st. 
 
 Any one who wishes to obtain any in- 
 formation about patents or inventions 
 will find their wishes amply gratified on 
 calling on Mr. Robertson, for in the 
 course of his long connection for over a 
 third of a century with practical and 
 theoretical mechanics he has gathered a 
 fund of experience and information relat- 
 ing to the subject second to none. Born 
 in England in 1832 of a family noted for 
 mechanical talent, he left his home when 
 14 years old to seek his fortune in Lon- 
 don, which place he left for New York 
 
 shortly after, where he followed his busi- 
 ness as a compositor for a short time. 
 His mind, however, was constantly run- 
 ning on mechanics, and before he had at- 
 tained his majority made several inven- 
 tions, but for want of funds was unable to~ 
 develop thenf. He finally quit type-set- 
 ting, and spent several years in devis- 
 ing new machinery, some of which are 
 in use in nearly every household. In 
 1867 the head of the firm of Munn & Co., 
 who knew his capacity, invited him to 
 ally himself with that firm, and for sev- 
 eral years he had charge of one branch of 
 their Patent Office practice. He finally 
 branched out for himself in 1876, and 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 63 
 
 has been very successful in building up a 
 large business at his commodious and con- 
 venient offices at 605 Seventh street. Mr. 
 Robertson's long experience has pecu- 
 liarly fitted him for his profession, and as 
 an evidence of this it may be stated that 
 his services are sought for in difficult 
 cases by other solicitors in all parts of 
 the country. As specimens of his client- 
 age we may say that, besides being em- 
 ployed by such large manufacturing com- 
 panies as the Wilson Sewing Machine 
 Co., the Albany Agricultural Works, and 
 the Van Depoele Electric Light Co., etc., 
 Mr. R. has frequently been called upon 
 by the Department of Justice, the coun- 
 sel for the cities of Washington, New 
 
 York, and Brooklyn, N. Y., and for the 
 Erie and Western Union Telegraph Com- 
 pany, to assist them in defending patent 
 suits brought against the officers of 
 the Government or cities, or the com- 
 panies referred to, for infringing patents. 
 Any one wishing to employ a patent so- 
 licitor or mechanical expert cannot do 
 better than to see Mr. R., who makes it 
 his practice to identify himself with his 
 clients' interests, and never give up a case 
 as long as there is the least probability of 
 success. He is peculiarly successful with 
 rejected cases, and his great experience 
 and success in hunting up evidence in the 
 Patent Office to defend patent suits is ac- 
 knowledged by every one. 
 
 THE HERDIC PHAETON COMP'Y, 
 Tenth and C streets S. E. 
 
 In these days of wide awake and business push, in which industrial enterprises 
 of magnitude are the symbols of a nation's wealth and greatness, it is proper 
 to give the Herdic Phreton Company of Washington prominent notice. Few per- 
 sons living in this city are aware of the history, extent, and systematic maimer in 
 which this company transacts its business. Many years ago Peter Herdic, a citizen 
 of Williamsport, Pennsylvania, invented and introduced the popular coaches which 
 now bear his name. The business continued to increase from year to year, 
 until 1880, when the present company was organized, with a capital stock of 
 $150,000, with A. D. Hepburn as president and Samuel G. Eberly as secretary, 
 treasurer, and general superintendent. The business office and stables are located 
 
 on the corner of Tenth and 
 
 C streets southeast, and are 
 115 x 235 feet in dimensions, 
 two stories high, with eleva- 
 tor, &c. This mammoth en- 
 terprise employs in its busi- 
 ness about 160 hands, 80 cabs 
 and coaches, and about 300 
 horses, and everything moves 
 with the regularity of a clock. 
 The company operates two 
 lines of coaches, the destina- 
 tion of which is indicated on 
 each coach in large letters, 
 while the cabs run to all 
 parts of the city desired. 
 The coaches pass immediately 
 in front of the Treasury, De- 
 partment of Justice, White 
 House, War, Navy, and State 
 Departments, and the Corco- 
 ran Art Gallery, calling for 
 or leaving passengers on ei- 
 ther side of the street when re- 
 quested. Coaches can be hired at moderate rates for carrying parties to theatres, pic- 
 
 R. O. HOLTZMAN'S REAL ESTATE BUILDING, 
 N. E. cor. Tenth and F streets N. W. [Editorial page 06. 
 
64 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 nics, and other places on public occasions. 
 This company were the first to establish 
 the cab system in Washington, and have 
 brought about the lowest rates of hack 
 hire in any city in the United States. 
 Their cabs are large and comfortable, 
 being so constructed as to be cool in sum- 
 mer and warm in winter, and are lined 
 at the following rates: One passenger, 
 within one mile, 25 cents ; one hour, for 
 one or two passengers, 75 cents ; one hour, 
 for three or four passengers, $1.00. None 
 but cautious and sober drivers are em- 
 ployed, and those that are well acquainted 
 with the city. Their motto is, " Uniform 
 rales, promptness, and satisfaction to pa- 
 trons." 
 
 THE NORWOOD INSTITUTE, 
 
 A Select School for Girls, 1212 and 1214 
 
 14th street N. W. 
 
 This is one of the leading institutions 
 of this character in the Capital City. 
 The school course is complete in the 
 English, classical, and scientific depart- 
 ments. Modern languages thoroughly 
 and practically taught, and the Berlitz 
 method employed in some classes. A 
 Kindergarten and primary class is under 
 a trained Kindergarten teacher. Music, 
 art, and elocution is taught by skilled in- 
 structors. (Piano, Prof. Anton Glcetzner). 
 Students are prepared for Vassar and other 
 colleges, or can take a collegiate course 
 at the Institute. Ladies who have left 
 school will find special facilities for pur- 
 suing special branches. 
 
 The Washington Star of September 
 10th, 1884, says: "The advantages 
 offerred at the Norwood Institute are 
 keenly appreciated by parents, who are 
 anxious to secure for their daughters a 
 thorough and complete education, under 
 the competent management of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Wra. D. Cabell. The school course 
 is complete in the English, classical, and 
 scientific departments, while the modern 
 languages are taught in a practical man- 
 ner, the Berlitz method being employed 
 in some classes. 
 
 "A trained Kindergarten teacher has 
 charge of the pupils in that grade. The 
 course of instruction is such as to pre- 
 pare the pupils for the higher institutions 
 of our country. Professor Anton Gloetz- 
 ner gives instruction in piano music, while 
 
 music, art, and elocution is under the di- 
 rection of trained instructors. Opportu- 
 nities for pursuing a special course of 
 studies is afforded to ladies who have left 
 school. The institute will reopen Septem- 
 ber 26th, at 1212 and 1214 14th street 
 northwest." 
 
 Those wishing any further information 
 should call at 1214 Fourteenth street N. 
 W., or address Mr. and Mrs. Wm. D. 
 Cabell, Principals. 
 
 J. MARKRITER, 
 
 Paper Hangings and Picture Frames, 
 
 626 E street N. W. 
 
 Among the leading houses of the city 
 in the line of house decorating and paper 
 hangings is that of Mr. J. Markriter, lo- 
 cated at 626 E street. Mr. Markriter 
 was one of the oldest and attained a high 
 place among the most notable tradesmen 
 in the city, and since his death, which 
 occurred in 1883, his son, the present pro- 
 prietor, has controlled the business. This 
 business was established about 1850 and 
 has had a most satisfactory increase of 
 business, which extends to all sections 
 of the city and includes some of the most 
 wealthy and prominent families among 
 its patrons. The premises occupied are 
 finely located and arranged for conduct- 
 ing the business, and are about 30 x 100 
 feet in dimensions. Employment is given 
 to from three to fifteen workmen and as- 
 sistants in the business, all of whom are 
 employed for their knowledge of the re- 
 spective branches of the business. All of 
 the newest and latest designs in hangings, 
 window shades, picture frames, fixtures, 
 and other goods pertaining to the busi- 
 ness are constantly kept on hand, and 
 contracting for the decoration of houses ' 
 is done, in all cases the contracts being 
 faithfully carried out raid satisfaction 
 guaranteed. Mr. Markriter is a native 
 of the District, and is a live business man 
 and a progressive citizen. His com- 
 mercial life has been devoted to this line 
 and he is thoroughly practical in all its 
 details. To these facts is the eminent 
 success of his business due. Stephen, at 
 the death of his father, in the spring of 
 1883, took charge of the business, and 
 will maintain the fair reputation of the 
 house. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 65 
 
 
 RIGGS HOUSE, 
 C. W. Spofford, Proprietor, 15th and G Streets Northwest. 
 There is nothing which adds so much to the prestige of a city, in the estimation 
 of strangers, as first-class hotel accommodations. The City of Washington is to 
 be especially congratulated upon the existence in its midst of a number of mag- 
 nificent hotels, foremost 
 among which ranks the 
 
 " Riggs House." The loca- p;- St= "' n 
 
 tion is one of the most elig- |jjjjj J 
 
 ible in the city, facing the j 
 United States Treasury De- BB| JHSbHIf 
 partment, on loth street, and ; 
 in close proximity to the re- jjK %^ : . ' 
 tail and wholesale trade cen- 
 tres, and accessible by horse- 
 cars from all depots and 
 places of interest in the Cap- 
 ital. The area covered by 
 this hotel structure is 140 
 by 240 feet, being six stories 
 in height. The sanitary ar- 
 rangements of the hotel are 
 as nearly perfect as men can 
 make them. A large outlay in its erection in adapting the heating, ventilating, 
 and plumbing system to the requirements of the most recent dicta of science, has 
 warranted its guests that nothing is to fear from sewer-gas and foul air. The office 
 is a magnificent room, with tessalated pavement, lofy ceilings, and tastefully fres- 
 coed. Besides this, the elegant lobby and waiting rooms, the gorgeous dining 
 hall, the cosy restaurant and cafe, and other necessary apartments are located on the 
 first floor. They are fitted up in the most elegant and convenient style, and are 
 connected with each floor by spacious and easy stairways and steam passenger 
 elevators of the newest, largest, and safest pattern. On the second floor are the 
 ladies' and gentlemen's parlors, ordinary reception rooms, and rooms en suite. 
 The third, fourth, fifth, and sixth floors are devoted to sleeping apartments for the 
 easy accommodation of four hundred guests, well ventilated, lighted, and heated. 
 The cuisine is an important matter, and it is but just to say that the cooks 
 engaged at the Riggs are not surpassed in the city, and to secure them, money 
 has been but a secondary object of the proprietor. Its proprietor, Mr. C. W. 
 Spofford, is a gentleman with a life-long experience in the management of the 
 largest and principal hotels of the country, and to his efficient superintendence of 
 all the details connected with the management, the uncpaestionable success and the 
 high status are due, which the " Riggs House " occupies among the most elegant 
 hotels of the Capital, the country, and the world. 
 
 PHILIP H. WARD, 
 Groceries and Provisions. Cor. 21st St- 
 and Pennsylvania Avenue. 
 
 Among the many fine grocery and pro- 
 vision stores west of the Treasury Depart- 
 ment, on Pennsylvania Avenue, there are 
 none more worthy of consideration in the 
 present volume than that of Mr. Philip 
 H. Ward, located at the corner of 21st 
 street and Pennsylvania avenue. This 
 business was established about 15 years 
 5 
 
 ago, and its career throughout has been 
 successful. A large trade in that section 
 of the city has been built up and is rap- 
 idly increasing. The premises occupied 
 are finely located at the intersection of 
 two prominent streets, and about 25 x 60 
 feet in dimensions, well arranged for con- 
 ducting the business and displaying the 
 goods. Employment is given to three 
 capable and polite assistants, and one 
 wagon is used to deliver goods to thier 
 
66 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 customers in all parts of the city. In 
 the stock can always be found a fine and 
 large assortment of family groceries, teas, 
 coffees, flour, the choicest and best brands 
 of liquors and wines, and everything per- 
 taining to a first class grocery and provi-. 
 sion store. 
 
 The business is mostly confined to the 
 western portion of the city ; although a 
 large patronage is had from families in 
 all portions of the city. Mr. Ward was 
 born and educated in this city, arid is an 
 energetic and thorough business man, who 
 by the exercise of commercial integrity 
 combined with a straight forward system 
 of honorable dealing and unusual busi- 
 ness sagacity has achieved a large suc- 
 cess. 
 
 GLOBE ART BRONZING CO., 
 1402 Pennsylvania Ave. 
 In monarchial governments the discov- 
 erer of a new art or science has ever been 
 the recipient of royal favor and patron- 
 age, but in our own free land the recog- 
 nition of such events must come from 
 the sovereign people. Such an event 
 has really come to pass in our midst, 
 in the projection of the Globe Art Bronz- 
 ing Company of this city. This is not 
 a mere rehash of some other existing 
 art, but a new art entirely, on new prin- 
 ciples and new processes, opening a wide 
 and unlimited field in decorative industry. 
 European travelers and art critics have 
 recognized it as a new field, and European 
 manufacturers have been quick to recog- 
 nize its supreme importance as a new 
 power in the commercial world, a new 
 idea and a new era entirely in a decora- 
 tive and aesthetic age, a new departure 
 destined to be recognized the world over 
 as the greatest discovery of the age in its 
 line, approaching as near perfection as is 
 possible. By this new process of art 
 bronzing all the effects in beauty and 
 finish of bronze metal is produced to per- 
 fection, and at the same time secures a 
 surface which will resist all the influence 
 of atmospheric action, whether on inside 
 decoration or outside work. The material 
 acts not only as a perfect covering, but 
 as a protection from the weather; and 
 any porous substance, such as iron, wood, 
 plaster, &c, will be more durable when 
 coated with it, as it is one of the most 
 
 indestructible of substances, and after be- 
 ing applied, forms a covering which, while 
 thin as tissue, is absolutely impervious to 
 water, dampness, or atmospheric action. 
 It can be applied to all hard substances or 
 or surfaces, on which they produce all the 
 colors and varieties of bronze, viz. : Japa- 
 nese, verde antique, silver, brass, copper, 
 and all other known shades. For outside 
 work, such as fountains, fronts of stores, 
 railings, and all decorative work in iron, 
 it has not its equal as to beauty of finish or 
 lasting qualities. The company are also 
 the patentees of a new glass tile, and call 
 the attention to the effect they produce on 
 glassware and glass tile by this same pro- 
 cess, both of which are new and novel 
 and something which has never been pre- 
 sented to the public before. On both 
 they retain smoothness and yet give a 
 perfect metallic appearance, thus making 
 a very pleasing combination. Their glass 
 tile is unequalled in beauty for interior 
 decoration, for dadoes, friezes, and panels, 
 for furniture, mantels, hearths, plaques, 
 &c. The establishment is perfectly 
 equipped for conducting the business, and 
 it is one of the most notable accessions 
 to the art ranks of the city that has ever 
 been made. All who favor them with a 
 call will be politely received and shown 
 their works. The success of this estab- 
 lishment is certain, and will be but a de- 
 served tribute to the high character of 
 the gentlemen connected with the com- 
 pany ; they desire correspondence from 
 all portions of the United States and Can- 
 ada, and all desired information will be 
 promptly furnished by mail. 
 
 J. MAURY DOVE, 
 Coal and Wood, 21st & I Sts. N. W. 
 Washington is exceptionably located 
 for the coal trade, two direct ways from 
 the coal fields of Maryland and Pennsyl- 
 vania supplying the market. One of the 
 oldest coal and wood yards in this city 
 was established in 1850 by the house of 
 J. Maury Dove. By the increasing popu- 
 lation of the city the business took a 
 wider sphere, and at present the above- 
 mentioned house supplies, in wholesale 
 and retail, all parts of the city. The 
 main and central office is located at the 
 corner of 21st and I streets, while branch 
 offices are established at 1626 M street 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 67 
 
 3S". W. and at 1206 H street N. W. The 
 wharfing property of the firm is located 
 at the foot of F and G streets N. W. 
 Every facility for the unloading of vessels 
 is complete, while a powerful steam en- 
 gine is kept in constant operation for the 
 sawing of kindling wood in which he 
 deals largely. The wharf of Mr. Dove 
 presents an exceptionally lively scene and 
 few persons, old residents of the District, 
 have even a superficial idea of the busi- 
 ness done on these premises. Thousands 
 of tons of coal are daily stored away, 
 while the supply of wood is almost inade- 
 quate to the constant demand on the 
 capacity of their powerful mill. The 
 coal handled by Mr. Dove is of excep- 
 tional quality, as he only receives and 
 handles the produce of the best known 
 mines. " Good coal and good measure" 
 is the motto by which Mr. Dove's yards 
 have gained popularity, and the reputa- 
 tion of the house guarantees the words of 
 their motto. Telephonic orders sent to 
 any of the above-mentioned offices, will 
 receive prompt and satisfactory attention. 
 
 L. M. SAUNDERS & BRO., 
 
 Loan, Real Estate, and Rent Office, 
 
 1103 F Street N. W. 
 
 The material improvement in the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia and the attraction of 
 capital to this city are mainly due to re- 
 liable business firms, who, through their 
 minute acquaintance with real estate 
 matters, attract investments and capital 
 to this beautiful metropolis. 
 
 Mr. L. M. Saunders is one of the rep- 
 resentative business men in real estate 
 matters — being an able attorney-at-law 
 and a graduate of Columbia Law College. 
 Fifteen years of experience in law prac- 
 tice in the District have made him en- 
 tirely familiar with all law complications 
 in real estate matters. Mr. Saunders is 
 a native of New York State, where he 
 lived until the advantages of this city 
 induced him to share his future with the 
 District. 
 
 The frequent absence from the city of 
 many owners of large estates renders the 
 existence of a firm like L. M. Saunders 
 & Bro. a necessity. The confidence be- 
 stowed on this firm is the result of their 
 untiring efforts to do what can be expected, 
 and do all of it well. In examining the 
 
 long list of properties entrusted to Mr. 
 Saunders' care, all parts of the city were 
 found to be represented. 
 
 The negotiation of loans on mortgages 
 and other first-class securities is made a 
 specialty, and where large amounts are 
 required, no better house can be found 
 than the above-named, as the extensive 
 business relations of this firm afford every 
 facility for a prompt and unlimited supply 
 of funds. 
 
 Their spacious offices occupy the entire 
 ground floor of the Saunders building, 
 1103 F street N. W., and their commodi- 
 ous appointments afford the best facilities 
 for prompt transaction of general and 
 private business, 
 
 BARBER & ROSS, 
 
 Dealers in Doors, Sash, Blinds, Frames. 
 
 etc. 1014 Pennsylvania Av. N. W. 
 
 This great depot for builders' material 
 was established about thirty years ago. 
 Mr. Barber joined the concern in 1872, 
 and Mr. Ross in 1876, since which date 
 it has been conducted under the firm 
 name of Barber & Ross. They have 
 another large house in Philadelphia, Pa., 
 and one in Asbury Park, N. J., while 
 they have large factories in Dubois, Pa. 
 They deal extensively in Rand's new octa- 
 gan portable furnace, brick set heaters, 
 Victor gas machines, and patent sewer 
 gas cremators. Their slate mantel de- 
 partment contains the largest varieties of 
 styles, finished by the best workmanship 
 at the lowest prices. They manufacture 
 mantels to imitate any marble or woods, 
 and to fit any size chimney, grate, fire 
 board, stove, or register. The depart- 
 ment of builders' hardware is most com- 
 plete, and the firm have added to this a 
 large stock of general hardware. The 
 firm have their own factory for manufac- 
 turing doors, sash, and blinds of hard and 
 pine wood combined, and sell by the car 
 loads direct from the factory. The firm 
 have a full department in the paint and 
 glass line, and sell all kind of ready 
 mixed paints, white leads, brushes, and 
 American and French window glass, 
 crystal, plate, and enameled glass ; they 
 also handle the glass of two of the largest 
 factories of the country and sell at lowest 
 rates from one box to a car load. They 
 make estimates on frame buildings by 
 
68 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 competent and experienced artisans and 
 furnish all the material for building them 
 at the lowest rates. The firm occupy the 
 large structure at 1014 Pennsylvania 
 Avenue, containing three floors of 25 by 
 140 feet, packed to their fullest capacity. 
 The reputation of this house is well known 
 
 throughout the eastern part of this coun- 
 try ; it stands at present at the head of 
 the trade, having gained this high posi- 
 tion through the able management and 
 enterprise of the individual members of 
 the firm. 
 
 LANSBURGH & BROS 
 Mammoth Dry Goods Building, 420, 422, 424 and 426 Seventh Street. 
 
 This is the largest establishment 
 of the kind at the national capital. 
 The two brothers, the proprietors, 
 Gustavus and James Lansburgh, are 
 of German extraction, their parents 
 having come to the United States 
 from Hamburg, Germany, and resid- 
 ed for a number of years in Balti- 
 more where the two brothers received 
 their schooling. After finishing their 
 education, they remained in that city 
 for some years as clerks in dry goods 
 houses. They came to the city of 
 Washington in 1861, and established 
 themselves in business on Seventh 
 street, bet. I and K. 
 
 Their maxim in business has al- 
 ways been to sell the best materials 
 at popular prices, and to give their 
 personal supervision to every detail 
 in their business establishment. 
 Their business outgrew the dimen- 
 sions of their store on the upper part 
 of Seventh street, and prosperity 
 continuing they purchased the lot in 
 the more central portion of the same 
 street and to which they removed 
 about eighteen months ago, and which 
 they now occupy at Nos. 420, 422, 
 424, and 426. This building is the crowning ornament to the block in which it is 
 erected. The structure is seventy-eight feet front with a depth of one hundred feet. 
 The material used in the construction of the building was the finest pressed brick 
 with terra cotta trimmings ; it is four stories in height, exclusive of a basement, 
 the fourth story being somewhat similar to the French mansard style, with hand- 
 some lintels and cappings. The entire tout ensemble of the building is very attrac- 
 tive, and reflects much credit upon the architect who designed it. In the basement 
 is the wholesale department where the goods are sold and packed ready for ship- 
 ment. Upon the first floor is the department for the sale of silks, satins, dress 
 goods, hosiery, gloves, and fancy goods. Upon the second floor, which is hand- 
 somely furnished, is the department for the sale of cloaks, shawls, ready made 
 dresses, under-garments, and mourning goods. Third floor, cloths, cassimeres, flan- 
 nels, curtain laces, blankets, &c. The fourth floor is the work room. A special 
 feature about this extensive establishment is the perfect lighting and ventilation, be- 
 side the perfect mode of transit from one floor to another by a large Otis elevator. 
 Some idea of the vast business transacted may be learned when it is said that the 
 Lansburgh Brothers employ one hundred and fifty people in the various depart- 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 69 
 
 merits. The amount of stock carried is 
 very large, and the average of sales per 
 annum is between $750,000 and $800,000. 
 The firm claim to have the largest assort- 
 ment of silks, satins, dress goods, and cash- 
 meres south of Philadelphia, most of which 
 they import direct, including their finest 
 linens. They are both very accommodat- 
 ing and obliging gentlemen and represent 
 the leading and more successful class of 
 merchants in the District of Columbia. 
 
 DODGE & SON, 
 
 Attorneys and Solicitors of Patents, No. 
 700 Ninth Street, Corner of G. 
 
 This firm consists of W. C. and W. W. 
 Dodge. The business was established by 
 the senior member in 1864 on his resig- 
 nation of the position of examiner in the 
 United States Patent Office, which he had 
 held for several years. This is one of the 
 oldest and most competent and reliable 
 firms engaged in the business, being 
 thoroughly familiar with both the law 
 and the practice. They not only attend 
 to all matters relating to the procuring of 
 patents, but the senior member is a promi- 
 nent expert, and as such has been em- 
 ployed in the United States courts for the 
 past eighteen years. He makes a specialty 
 of investigating questions of infringement, 
 validity of patents, and attending to pat- 
 ent matters before the Committees of Con- 
 gress. 
 
 In the beginning of the late war, Mr. 
 W. C. Dodge tried for a long time in vain 
 to secure the adoption by the Government 
 of breech-loading fire-arms, the advan- 
 tages of which no one now questions, al- 
 though then strenuously opposed by the 
 Chief of Ordnance and most of the regu- 
 lar army officers. He is himself the in- 
 ventor of valuable improvements in fire- 
 arms and ammunition, among which may 
 be mentioned the automatic extractor, 
 now so extensively in use on the Smith & 
 Wesson revolver, and all over Europe, 
 and some eight or nine improvements upon 
 the celebrated Remington military rifle 
 and double-barrelled breech-loading shot- 
 gun, and others. 
 
 In consequence of an explosion at the 
 Arsenal in Washington in 1S64, by which 
 twenty-three persons were killed, his at- 
 tention was called to the manner of fill- 
 ing cartridges, which up to that time was 
 
 done by baud ail over the world. He in- 
 vented and patented a machine for that 
 purpose, which was tested and approved 
 by the Ordnance Department, and which 
 may be said to have revolutionized that 
 business, as all cartridges are now filled 
 by machines operating on his plan. 
 
 Foreign governments have recognized 
 the value of his inventions by adopting 
 them, and the King of Italy presented 
 him with a gold medal, and the King of 
 Spain made him a Knight Commander of 
 the "Order of Isabella the Catholic," ac- 
 companied by the decoration of the order 
 as a recognition of his valuable inven- 
 tions. The firm has, for years, had entire 
 charge of the patent business of several 
 large manufacturing firms, among which 
 may be mentioned E. Remington & Sons, 
 the Winchester Repeating Arms Co., 
 Hall's Safe and Lock Co., besides many 
 others. The business receives their per- 
 sonal attention, and is not entrusted to 
 clerks or irresponsible parties. All cor- 
 respondence and applications directed to 
 this firm will receive prompt and con- 
 scientious attention. 
 
 G. HARTIG & SON, 
 
 Dealers in Builders and Coach Hardware, 
 
 &c, Cor. 7th and K Sts. N. W. 
 
 Few, if any, will be disposed to dispute 
 the fact that Washington, from its situa- 
 tion, and the enterprising spirit of its lead- 
 ing men, possesses advantages second to 
 none in the country. In many branches 
 of business Washington merchants have 
 distinguished themselves for their energy 
 and enterprise. Not the least in this 
 number is the hardware firm of Gustave 
 Hartig & Son, at No. 1001, Cor. 7th and 
 K streets N. W. This business was estab- 
 lished in 1864, and occupies premises 30 x 
 80 feet in dimensions, and giving employ- 
 ment to five workmen and clerks. They 
 are general dealers in hardware of every 
 description, including builders supplies, 
 agricultural, carriage and saddlery, and 
 also tinners supplies, scales, bells, saws, 
 bar-iron, steel, tin plate, copper, zinc, wire 
 rivets, brushes, sash cord, rope, twine, 
 ventilators, &e. Here is to be found 
 everything in the saddlery hardware line, 
 both of foreign and American manufac- 
 ture, embracing all grades, from the com- 
 mon Japanned hardware to fine silver- 
 
70 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 plated ; in fact, everything in the line is 
 embraced in their stock. Mr. Gustave 
 Hartig, the senior member of the firm, was 
 born and educated in Germany, and is 50 
 years of age, and has lived in Washington 
 32 years. He is connected in an official 
 capacity with the German Orphan Asy- 
 lum, and a building association, and has, 
 since his advent in the city, been a useful, 
 progressive, and honored. citizen. Lewis 
 Hartig, the junior member, was born and 
 educated in Washington, and is about 28 
 years of age, and is a valued assistant to 
 his father, being a young man of remark- 
 able business ability. The business was 
 commenced in a small way, dealing in 
 stoves, but soon emerged into the hard- 
 ware business, in which it takes a leading 
 position, gained by the energy, business 
 ability, square dealing, and efforts to please 
 everybody, the method they still retain, 
 and which promises a substantial future 
 success. 
 
 J. FUSSELL, 
 Confectioner and Ice Cream Manufac- 
 turer. 14-27 New York Avenue. 
 
 Mr. Fussell established himself in this 
 business in this city over a quarter of a 
 century ago, and from the very founda- 
 tion of his business he has taken the lead. 
 For many years he was located at the 
 corner of F and 12th streets, at what is 
 now known as the "Globe House;" but 
 some years ago recognizing the growing 
 importance of New York Avenue as a 
 trade center he removed to his present 
 location where he occupies fine premises 
 30 x 120, consisting of three stories and 
 a basement, in every way well arranged 
 for the proper conducting of his business. 
 Employment is given to from 5 to 15 
 assistants, all of whom are engaged for 
 their knowledge of the different branches 
 of the business. Three wagons are in 
 constant demand in delivering the pro- 
 ducts of his manufacturing interest to 
 his customers in all parts of the city. 
 Fine confectionery and cakes of all de- 
 scriptions are made ; but the leading spe- 
 cialty of the business is the manufacture 
 of ice cream, in this his business is very 
 large, the majority of the ice cream par- 
 lors and dealers in the city are furnished 
 by him, and in the season to supply the 
 demand from 300 to 600 « - allons of cream 
 
 is required, daily, and often reaching 
 above the latter figure. " Fussell's Ice 
 Cream " is a trade mark signifying purity 
 and excellence of flavor, and it has be- 
 come justly celebrated throughout the 
 city and District. The parlors situated 
 on the first floor are equal to any in the 
 city and receive the patronage of the very 
 best people of the city. Cleanliness and 
 neatness is the rule and it is appreciated 
 by the best of patronage. Mr. Fussell 
 was born and educated in Maryland, and 
 came to Washington twenty-eight years 
 ago. He is a public spirited gentleman, 
 who, as a citizen, has ever been identified 
 with the growth and interest of the city, 
 while his business and success must be a 
 source of pleasure to one, who won it by 
 the highest principles of commercial in- 
 tegrity. 
 
 W. B. T. DAVIS, 
 
 " Kolb Pharmacy," May Building, Cor. 
 
 7th and E Streets N. W. 
 
 Mr. Davis is proprietor of what is 
 known as the " Kolb Pharmacy." He 
 was for twelve j^ears a clerk to his prede- 
 cessor in business, Mr. Daniel Kolb, hav- 
 ing been in his employ in the above loca- 
 tion since 1869. The store 18 x 60 feet 
 in size, is in the May building, and it has 
 been a drug store corner, as learned, for 
 half a century. Mr. Davis was born in 
 Washington, and has graduated from a 
 store boy and clerk to the proprietorship 
 of one of the largest, handsomest, and 
 best stocked and liberally patronized drug 
 establishments in the District of Colum- 
 bia. He is a young man of push and 
 enterprise, and with his experience of 
 fifteen years with such a well known 
 pharmaceutist as Mr. Kolb, possesses 
 that judgment in the selection of the 
 drugs and chemicals, which gives an 
 earnest and a guarantee to their excellent 
 quality and purity. The establishment 
 is most advantageously located in a thriv- 
 ing and animated business center, upon 
 one of the leading thoroughfares of the 
 national capital. Mr. Davis, although 
 he has seemingly inherited an old estab- 
 lishment and lucrative business, has 
 nevertheless through his ceaseless energy 
 developed a trade, which through each 
 recurring year is constantly upon the in- 
 crease. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY, 
 
 71 
 
 H. D. BARR, 
 
 Merchant Tailor, 1111 Pennsylvania 
 
 Avenue, "Washington, D. C. 
 
 No establishment is more familiar to 
 the lovers of good and stylish clothing 
 than that of Mr. H. D. Barr, merchant 
 tailor, of 1111 Pennsylvania Ave. The 
 business was established in 1866, and 
 opened in its present quarters in 1879, 
 where he occupies handsome and commo- 
 dious premises, 22 x 80 feet in dimensions, 
 and employing constantly thirty hands, 
 including clerks. He carries a large 
 stock of fine imported goods in a well- 
 assorted variety, calculated to please any 
 fancy, and in his rooms can at all times 
 be found the choicest stock for dress suit- 
 ings, and the demands made upon the 
 house from its large clientage necessitates 
 the constant employment of a large force 
 of workmen. Among his customers are 
 Senators and Representatives, and many 
 others high in social circles, and he is 
 
 constantly receiving orders from all parts 
 of the country. Mr. Barr was born and 
 educated in Boston, and came to Wash- 
 ington in 1866, since which time he has 
 catered to the wants of the lovers of good 
 and stylish clothing, until he now stands 
 among the leading representatives in his 
 line. 
 
 BECKHAM & MIDDLETON, 
 
 Potomac Iron Works. No. 3105 Water 
 
 Street, Georgetown, D. C. 
 
 A representation of the industries of 
 the City of Washington would be incom- 
 plete without prominent recognition of 
 the many iron workers. There are none, 
 perhaps, which enjoy a more liberal pat- 
 ronage than the Potomac Iron Works of 
 Georgetown, Mr. C. Beckham and R. I. 
 Middleton, proprietors. Cicero Beckham 
 is a native of Virginia, while Mr. Middle- 
 ton is of Washington. These gentlemen, 
 gifted with strong individuality and much 
 enterprise, established this business in 
 1881, Mr. Middleton being a practical 
 machinist, having thirty-five years experi- 
 ence, while Mr. Beckham was a thorough 
 blacksmith. They were eminently fitted 
 for an association in this branch of in- 
 dustry, the proof of which was their im- 
 mediate success. The firm occupy a build- 
 ing 64 x 90 feet in dimensions, two stories 
 high, using an 15 horse-power engine for 
 their power, and employ 20 to 35 men 
 continually. They undertake all kinds 
 of contracts in iron work, machinists' work, 
 boiler-making, blacksmithing, founders 
 work, and repairing, with specialties in 
 iron railings, cornices, and crestings. They 
 keep at all times all kinds of builders' 
 materials on hand. They are men of rec- 
 oguized social and business standing in 
 the community. 
 
 GEO. W. COCHRAN & CO., 
 
 Jobbers of Cigars and Tobacco, 1115 
 
 Pennsylvania Avenue N. W. 
 
 In passing the business houses on Penn- 
 sylvania Avenue, between 11th and 12th 
 streets N. W., the attention is particu- 
 larly attracted by the business house of 
 Geo. W. Cochran & Co., wholesale and 
 retail dealers and jobbers in cigars and 
 tobacco. The house was established in 
 this city in the year of 1847, ranking it 
 at present the oldest business house of the 
 
72 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 kind in the national capital. Its trans- 
 actions, wholesale and retail, are very 
 large; its business being second to none 
 in the District. The firm are the sole 
 agents for Straiton & Storm for the 
 District of Columbia, the city of Balti- 
 more, and the State of Virginia ; the well 
 known quality of all the goods of this 
 house is a guarantee for the genuineness 
 of its wares, and has attracted to George 
 W. Cochran & Co.'s establishment an ex- 
 tensive wholesale patronage in the locali- 
 ties named. They transact a general 
 jobbing business in cigars and manufac- 
 tured tobaccos, throughout the District, 
 and control, probably, the largest share 
 of patronage of the many retail dealers 
 of this city. The news, book, and cigar 
 stand of Willard's Hotel, so complete in 
 all its supplies and arrangements, is con- 
 trolled by Messrs. Cochran & Co.'s firm, 
 and it is only necessary to say that it 
 keeps pace with all the other first class 
 branches connected with this hotel. The 
 firm consists of Messrs. Geo. W., George, 
 and John Cochran, all natives and life- 
 long residents of the District of Colum- 
 bia, where they have achieved, through 
 their commercial ability and honorable 
 dealing, a prominence accorded only to 
 those whose transactions have been based 
 on the strictest principles of mercantile 
 honor. 
 
 F. H. SMITH & SON, 
 Insurance and Real Estate, No. 1222 F 
 Street N. W. 
 
 This firm is regarded as one of Wash- 
 ington's representative houses in the in- 
 surance and real estate business. They 
 have been established here as agents for 
 some of the leading fire and life insurance 
 companies of the United States for about 
 six years. The business of the office is 
 confined mostly to the city and surround- 
 ing country, and is largely patronized by 
 the old-established property-owners, and 
 is largely increasing in extent year by 
 year. Among the many companies rep- 
 resented by this firm are the" Northern," 
 of England ; " Providence Washington," 
 of Providence, R. I.; "American" and 
 " Howard," of New York ; " United States 
 Life " and "Hartford Life" — beside sev- 
 eral smaller companies. A live business 
 is also carried on in real estate. They 
 
 buy and sell real estate in city or country, 
 examine titles and make conveyances, as 
 well as placing insurance with reliable 
 companies ; while the investment of mon- 
 eys for parties in the city or at a distance 
 receives their careful attention. 
 
 Mr. F. H. Smith was born in Connec- 
 ticut in 1829, and there received his edu- 
 cation. He came to Washington in 1850, 
 and was for twenty-five years official re- 
 porter of the House of Representatives, 
 after which he was appointed by General 
 Grant a member of the Indian Peace 
 Commission. He is at present a director 
 of the Second National Bank, director of 
 the Columbia Hospital, one of the trus- 
 tees of Howard University, and was for 
 four years President of the Young Men's 
 Christian Association. Liberality, and a 
 system of honorable dealing, have ever 
 characterized his business methods, and 
 the success which has attended him has 
 been fairly earned, and is eminently well 
 deserved. 
 
 KNIGHT BROTHERS, 
 
 Solicitors of United States and Foreign 
 
 Patents, &c, No. 633 F Street. 
 
 This old and representative firm does 
 an extensive business throughout the 
 country and have offices established in 
 Washington, New York, Cincinnati, and 
 St. Louis. The firm consists of the three 
 brothers, Knight, who are known to be 
 patent attorneys of the highest reputation 
 and mechanical experts of long experi- 
 ence. The business was established in 
 Cincinnati in 1843, and in this city in the 
 year 1856. They have unsurpassed facil- 
 ities for the soliciting of United States 
 and foreign patents, and rank deservedly 
 high among the gentlemen of their pro- 
 fession. In the list of patents issued 
 through their efforts and agency, some of 
 the most prominent inventions of this 
 century are mentioned. Inventors and 
 discoverers are not always aware of the 
 importance of selecting reliable and able 
 attorneys for the prosecution of their 
 claims. Small technicalities have some- 
 times been the cause of a rejection of 
 important and profitable inventions. 
 Through their life-long experience in 
 patent causes, and the thoroughness of 
 their preliminary examinations, inventors 
 may rest assured that their interests are 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 73 
 
 in exceptionally safe bands, when en- 
 trusted to the care of this well and favor- 
 ably-known agency. The individual 
 members of the firm are Messrs. Octavius, 
 Geo. H. and Samuel Knight, gentlemen 
 well known in social and scientific circles 
 for their integrity and business qualifi- 
 cations. The firm have agencies estab- 
 lished in all the capital cities of Europe 
 and Canada, and as such have ample 
 facilities for the procurement of patents 
 for foreign countries. 
 
 CHARLES WALTER, 
 
 U. S. Commissioner, Notary, and Justice 
 
 of the Peace, 342 D St. N. W. 
 
 There is no better known lawyer or 
 justice of the peace in the District of 
 Columbia than Charles Walter, who has 
 his office at 342 D street, opposite the City 
 Hall Park. Mr. Walter was born in 
 Germany, and has been a citizen of the 
 District of Columbia since 1846. He has 
 practiced law in the District for over 
 thirty years. On the 26th of January, 
 1856, he was appointed a notary public 
 by the circuit court, and the 25th of June, 
 1876, a justice of the peace by President 
 Pierce. He was appointed United States 
 Commissioner by the supreme court of 
 the District of Colum bia in 1 875. Justice 
 Walter has heard many cases, which at 
 the time caused a considerable sensation 
 in the community, notably those of the 
 Alexandria railroad steal, when a mis- 
 understanding occurred between the stock- 
 holders and directors, and the books of 
 the company were stolen and carried off. 
 They were subsequently received by the 
 justice, and the party in whose possession 
 they were found arrested. 
 
 G. G. C. SIMMS, 
 Druggist, New York Av., cor. 14th St. 
 Mr. Simms has one of the handsomest 
 and best appointed drug establishments 
 in Washington. His medicines are well 
 known for their purity and excellence, 
 and the average business done by him 
 during the year is very large. He has 
 five assistants. His business career in 
 Washington extends over a period of 
 twenty-two years, twenty-one years of 
 which time he has been at his present 
 location, New York Avenue and Four- 
 teenth Street. His specialty is Simms' 
 
 toilet cologne preparation, which for de- 
 licious fragrance and purity is unexcelled. 
 At the large soda fount the special summer 
 drinking beverages are dispensed in their 
 highest purity. The building occupied 
 by Mr. Simms has a historical reminiscence 
 attached to it, in having been occupied 
 during the war by Provost Marshal 
 Scheetz. A colored prisoner confined in 
 the second story was shot and killed by 
 one of the provost guard, while looking 
 from the window and violating the rules 
 and regulations of the provost marshal. 
 Mr. Simms commenced business with the 
 late Dr. A. R. Sparks, under the firm 
 name of Sparks & Simms. Dr. Sparks 
 withdrew from the firm in 1869, on ac- 
 count of ill health, and died a year or 
 two later. 
 
 MAISON DOREE, 
 
 Adjoining Willard's Hotel, Solari Bros., 
 
 Proprietors. 
 
 At the mention of the name at the 
 heading of this article the thousands of 
 visitors to Washington will remember the 
 elegant and faultness restaurant and 
 dining-rooms adjoining Willard's Hotel. 
 The exquisiteness of its menu and the 
 quality of its refreshments have become 
 proverbial to the many patrons of this 
 elegant establishment and the thousands 
 of daily visitors to our city. On the first 
 floor the restaurant for gentlemen and the 
 bar are found. The latter is gorgeously 
 fitted up with walnut furniture and mass- 
 ive mirrors, and is stocked with the finest 
 wines and liquors that the best houses 
 in New York and abroad can furnish. 
 No expense has been spared to make the 
 bar a model of its kind, and the employes 
 are artists in their profession. Their 
 supply of cigars is most elegant, and the 
 most fastidious smoker will fiud that the 
 world has been put under contribution to 
 gratify his taste. The upper floor is 
 elegantly arranged as a dining-parlor for 
 ladies and gentlemen, with costly apart- 
 ments for private dinner parties, for the 
 completeness of which the " Maison 
 Doree" is renowned throughout the 
 United States. For information of our 
 inquisitive readers, we may add that the 
 name of the establishment is the French 
 translation of the " Golden Inn," and is 
 
'! 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 the same as the one of Paris' most aris- 
 tocratic restaurant on the Boulevard des 
 Italiens. The " Maison Doree " was estab- 
 lished in 1877, and gradually brought up 
 to its present status by its splendid man- 
 agement. It is the property of the Solari 
 Brothers, so favorably known through 
 their loug connection with the " Maison 
 Doree." The brothers Solari are natives 
 of Canton Tessin, Switzerland. Both of 
 them came to this country at the age of 
 fifteen, ten and twelve years ago. What- 
 ever may have been the reputation of the 
 " Maison Doree," and whatever may have 
 been the reputation of its table — and 
 they have both been deservedly high — the 
 Messrs. Solari are determined that it shall 
 be exceeded. 
 
 T. C. BRECHT, 
 
 Solicitor of American & Foreign Patents, 
 
 &c, No. 614 P St. N.W. 
 
 The successful soliciting of effective and 
 valid patents requires a minute knowledge 
 of several sciences, and only rarely an 
 attorney is found who combines all the 
 requisites for a successful practice in 
 this line. Mr. T. C. Brecht, who estab- 
 lished his business in this city in July, 
 1881, is an able solicitor of patents, an 
 engineer and mechanical expert, and one 
 of the finest mechanical draughtsmen of the 
 country. As a solicitor he is thoroughly 
 acquainted with the records of the United 
 States Patent Office, and as such has all 
 facilities for preparing the applications 
 for patents and caveats, the preliminary 
 examinations required for the same. He 
 procures American and foreign patents, 
 and is daily consulted by resident attor- 
 neys in cases of intricacy and importance. 
 As an engineer and mechanical expert, 
 his knowledge is entirely based on scien- 
 tific studies, and many years practice in 
 large machine shops, and eight years of 
 active service in the engineer corps of the 
 United States navy. His thorough knowl- 
 edge of the details of machinery was 
 greatly extended by his filling the position 
 of examiner in the United States Patent 
 Office for over twelve years. As a me- 
 chanical draughtsman Mr. Brecht has no 
 equal inside or outside the Government 
 Departments, and as such attends to all 
 drawings of machinery personall}'. Mr. 
 Brecht is a native of Baltimore, Mary- 
 
 land, and was raised and educated at a 
 polytechnic school in Bavaria, Germany. 
 In 1873 the United States Government 
 honored him deservedly with a mission to 
 the World's Exposition in Vienna, Aus- 
 tria, to attend the Patent Congress. At 
 present he is retained as expert by the 
 Westinghouse Atmospheric Brake Com- 
 pany, and is considered one of the ablest 
 authorities on machinery. He served 
 during the late war in the engineer corps 
 of the United States navy, resigning his 
 position after the close of the war. Mr. T. 
 C. Brecht is highly esteemed in social 
 and official circles, and is favorably known 
 throughout this country. 
 
 JAMES A. TAIT, 
 
 Real Estate and Insurance. Office 221 
 
 Peun. Av. S. E. 
 
 Conspicuous among the oldest inhabit- 
 ants and the business men of Capitol Hill 
 is Mr. James A. Tait, whose history and 
 past life have been so intimately connected 
 with the earlier days and the growth of 
 the District of Columbia. Mr. Tait has 
 spent all his life in this city, and estab- 
 lished his present real estate office in the 
 year 1871, devoting his transactions ex- 
 clusively to property east of the Capitol 
 building. He served during the entire 
 war with distinction and commanded dif- 
 ferent brigades in the twelfth army corps 
 of the army of the Potomac, and after- 
 wards assisted at the campaigns in Nash- 
 ville and New Orleans, till the close of 
 the war found him at the surrender of 
 Mobile. Colonel Tait, before the war, 
 commanded the militia in the District, 
 and took command of a battalion of 
 trusted District troops on the day of Presi- 
 dent Lincoln's first inauguration. In 
 those dark days a rumor was circulated 
 of the intention to blow up the platform 
 erected for the administration of the oath 
 to the newly-elected President. Colonel 
 Tait's command was ordered to frustrate 
 any such attempt, and to maintain order 
 on that memorable day. With the 
 greatest interest we followed Colonel 
 Tait's description of the early growth of 
 Capitol Hill, in the days when duck and 
 snipe were the undisputed inhabitants of 
 the swampy grounds, on which Grant's 
 row and other splendid improvements are 
 now located. To give an idea of the rise 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 75 
 
 in ground prices Mr. Tait remembers the 
 time that three tenths of a cent per foot 
 was the regular market price of property 
 now bringing seventy-five cents, and that 
 a country ride through the corn fields 
 could be enjoyed between the Capitol and 
 the Navy Yard. The office of Mr. Tait 
 has for fourteen years been established 
 at No. 221 Pennsylvania Avenue South- 
 east. The neatness and completeness of 
 its appointments enables Mr. Tait to dis- 
 charge comfortably the many duties inci- 
 dent to his business and the various posi- 
 tions of trust in public life. Being a 
 notary public and a justice of the peace, 
 his name is familiar to every inhabitant 
 of Capitol Hill. Mr. Tait makes a spe- 
 cialty of the care and management of 
 estates and other property on Capitol Hill, 
 and to the rental of houses and the col- 
 lection of rents his personal attention is 
 paid. The growing property of this 
 healthy and attractive part of our city is 
 largely due to the judicious investments 
 and improvements made through Colonel 
 Tait's agency, and much room is open 
 yet to accommodate the increasing demand 
 for household and residence property in 
 that localitv. 
 
 CHAS. BISHOP, 
 
 General Insur. and Real Estate Agent, 
 
 1008 F St., bet. 10th and 11th St. 
 
 Mr. Bishop, so long and favorably 
 known in business circles of the District, 
 has an experience of more than 15 years 
 in all matters relating to insurance and 
 real estate in the District of Columbia, 
 giving him by right a prominent standing 
 among the leading real estate men of the 
 District. 
 
 A specialty is made by Mr. Bishop of 
 the transaction of any business connected 
 with real estate in the District, as well in 
 regard to renting, buying, and selling, as 
 to the judicious and safe investments of 
 capital on mortgages and other first class 
 securities. His integrity and fair dealing 
 has procured him the unlimited confidence 
 of the business community. The follow- 
 ing prominent fire insurance companies 
 are ably represented in this city by this firm: 
 
 The Sun Fire Office, (London, 1710,) 
 the oldest and largest fire insurance com- 
 pany in the world. 
 
 The London Assurance Corporation 
 
 (organized 1720), with cash assets of 
 $16,000,000. 
 
 The Pennsylvania Pire Insurance Co. 
 (organized 1825), with cash assets of 
 $2,301,000. 
 
 The Glens Falls Insurance Co. (organ- 
 ized 1849), with cash assets of $1,300,000. 
 
 The American Insurance Co. of N. J. 
 (organized 1846), with cash assets of 
 $1,600,000. 
 
 Williamsburgh City Fire Insurance 
 Co. (organized 1863). 
 
 The Fireman's Fund Insurance Co. of 
 California and The Metropolitan Plate 
 Glass Ins. Co. (organized in 1874). 
 
 W. E. ABBOTT, 
 Groceries & Provisions, 1721 Penn. Av. 
 
 No better exemplification can be found 
 of the enterprise and energy of the gro- 
 cery and provision houses of Washington 
 than the fact that grocers of other cities 
 have been unable to compete with them 
 and pattern after them. Among the 
 more prominent of the leading grocery 
 houses of this city is that of Mr. W. E. 
 Abbott, located at 1721 Pennsylvania 
 Avenue. This business was established 
 about ten years ago by the present pro- 
 prietor in the buildings almost opposite 
 to his present place of business ; but find- 
 ing his premises too small for the large 
 increase of trade he rented the large and 
 commodious building now occupied, which 
 is well arranged for conducting the busi- 
 ness and displaying his stock, it being 
 about 30 x 100 feet in dimensions, and 
 three-stories high. Employment is given 
 to eight capable and courteous assistants, 
 and three wagons are required to deliver 
 goods to their many patrons in the city. 
 Mr. Abbott has a large and ever increas- 
 ing patronage among all classes. Fine 
 family groceries, teas, coffees, provisions, 
 and everything to be found in a first class 
 establishment of the kind can always be 
 found in stock, a specialty being made of 
 fine coffees. Mr. Abbott was born and 
 educated in New Hampshire, and has 
 been a resident of Washington for about 
 14 years. He is a thorough and capable 
 man of business, whose well deserved 
 success has been gained by a close atten- 
 tion to the wants of his patrons, and his 
 business ability. 
 
76 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 LEADINGHAM & CO., 
 
 Boarding & Livery Stables, No. 1327 H 
 
 St., bet. 13th and 14th, Wash., D. C. 
 
 The position occupied by the above- 
 named firm in this community is such, 
 that in depicting the commercial advan- 
 tages of Washington, we mention this in- 
 stitution, that materially adds to the in- 
 dustrial importance of the city. The 
 business was established in 1875, and is 
 now recognized as one of the most useful 
 and indispensable institutions of the city. 
 The company has now in actual use no 
 less than twenty-five elegant coupes, car- 
 riages, and a fine line of Hansom cabs, 
 this firm being the first to introduce this 
 latter elegant conveyance in this city. 
 Turnouts are furnished for weddings, par- 
 ties, visiting, &c, with experienced and 
 careful drivers, who are selected with an 
 especial view to their gentlemanly deport- 
 ment, strict sobriety, and thorough knowl- 
 edge of the streets, avenues, hotels, busi- 
 ness houses, and places of amusement of 
 the city. The stables are large and con- 
 venient, being 100 x 144 feet in dimensions, 
 fitted up with every modern convenience, 
 and in telephonic communication with all 
 parts of the city, and are open day and 
 night for the convenience of their patrons. 
 All horses left in their care receive the 
 best attention, as they make a specialty of 
 boarding horses by the day or week. Mr. 
 Leadingham was born in New York city 
 in 1835, and Mr. Widdicombe was born 
 in Virginia in 1836, and educated in the 
 State of Ohio, coming to Washington in 
 1861. The members of the firm are pleas- 
 ant gentlemen, enterprising and attentive 
 to business, prompt in all their transac- 
 tions, and they say, with pride, that dur- 
 ing the existence of the firm they have 
 never disappointed a patron. This cer- 
 tainly shows the cause of their large pat- 
 ronage. 
 
 The scale of prices established by this 
 firm are as follows : 
 
 Shopping and visiting per hour, SI. 00 to 
 $1.50 ; Soldiers' Home and return, $3.00 
 to $4.00 ; Arlington and return, $4.00 to 
 $5.00 ; parties, receptions, and calls, $3.00 
 to $4.00 ; to and from theatre or opera, 
 $2.50 to $3.00; depots or Capital, $1.00 
 to $1.50 ; for single hour, $1.00 to $1.50 ; 
 Cabin John bridge, $5.00 to $6.00 ; chain 
 bride, $4.00 to $5.00. 
 
 H. BURKEART, 
 
 Furniture, Carpets, Oilcloths, Bedding, 
 
 &c, 1013 to 1017 Seventh St. N.W. 
 
 One of the leading houses engaged in 
 this important branch of industry is that 
 of Mr. Herman Burkhart, which was 
 founded originally, in 1864, by the pres- 
 ent proprietor, and has been one of the 
 most successful businesses of the city. 
 The premises occupied are 63 feet front, 
 and having a depth of from 50 to 100 
 feet, being Nos. 1013, 1015, and 1017, all 
 of which are well arranged for displaying 
 the large amount of furniture kept in 
 stock, and displaying it to the best advan- 
 tage. Employment is given to six first- 
 class assistants, all of whom are thor- 
 oughly acquainted with the business in 
 all its branches. Two wagons are used 
 to deliver goods to his many customers 
 in all parts of the city. The goods han- 
 dled consist of carpets, mattresses, oil- 
 cloths, furniture in new and elegant de- 
 signs and of great variety, including li- 
 brary and office furniture, hat racks, 
 piano stools, bamboo eastlake rockers, 
 children's carriages and sleighs, willow 
 goods, bedsteads, sofas lounges, parlor 
 and chamber suites, marble and wood- 
 top tables, whatnots, spring beds, and 
 everything else pertaining to a first-class 
 furniture house. 
 
 Mr. Burkhart has ample capital for all 
 transactions to enable him to compete 
 successfully with other similar houses in 
 the city, and has been favored with a flat- 
 tering trade. Purchasers will find it to 
 their advantage to visit his establishment 
 before purchasing elsewhere. The sales 
 of this house run from $35,000 to $50,000 
 per year, and extend throughout the city 
 and the adjacent country, and are rapidly 
 increasing in extent in all directions. 
 
 Mr. H. Burkhart, was born in Saxony, 
 Germany, in 1835, and came to this coun- 
 try in 1842. He was educated at Han- 
 over, Penn., and removed to this city 
 about the close of the war. He is a 
 practical machinist and mechanic, and 
 has been eminently successful in busi- 
 ness, and under his judicious manage- 
 ment the trade of the house is rapidly 
 increasing, and its affairs to-day are in a 
 more prosperous condition than ever be- 
 fore, while its resources are such as to en- 
 able him to keep ahead of all competition. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 77 
 
 A. H. EVANS & CO., 
 
 Solicitors of American and Foreign Patents and Attorneys and Counsellors in 
 
 Patent Law. Office, S.W. Cor. F and 10th Sts. N.W. 
 
 This standard business 
 firm is one of the oldest 
 and most reliable establish- 
 ments of its kind in the Dis- 
 trict. Mr. A. H. Evans, 
 who is a native of Rappa- 
 hannock county, Virginia, 
 was born in 1819, and came 
 to Washington in 1843, in 
 those eai'ly days when our 
 Capital was a village of 
 beautiful distances. Mr. 
 Evans studied law under 
 Robert Y. Conrad, of Vir- 
 ginia, and was admitted to 
 the bar of that Common- 
 wealth in 1842, and to 
 practice before the United 
 States Supreme Court in 
 1853. The firm attend to 
 a general business as solicit- 
 ors of patents, and their 
 legal advice in patent laws 
 has contributed largely to 
 their staunch reputation. 
 Mr. Evans has secured 
 many notable patents, and 
 his views are often solicited 
 by the officers of the Gov- 
 ernment. He was for some j^ears the president of the popular " Woodmont Rod 
 and Gun Club," whose object is the enjoyment of the sports of fishing and hunt- 
 ing, the propagation and preservation of fish and game, and enforcement of proper 
 laws for the protection of game and fish. This club was organized in March, 1880, 
 and has its own club-house and grounds at all times open to the free use of its 
 members. 
 
 EDSON BROTHERS, 
 
 Attorneys at Law & Solicitors of Patents 
 917 F StreerN. W. 
 Messrs. J. J. and J. R. Edson estab- 
 lished themselves in this city in 1866, 
 devoting their energy at once to the study 
 of the intricate patent-laws and the soli- 
 citing of patents. The Messrs. Edson 
 have practiced before the Patent Office 
 since 1866, and before the bar of the 
 Supreme Court of the District of Colum- 
 bia since 1868, and are now practitioners 
 before the Supreme Court of the United 
 States. They have solicited some of the 
 most difficult patents successfully, a large 
 
 number of rejected cases having been 
 revived and finally allowed through their 
 efforts. A visit to their finely fitted up 
 suit of offices at 917 F street N. W. will 
 be interesting to their many patrons and 
 friends. The completeness of its appoint- 
 ments, in all respects, and their long ex- 
 perience in the management of their 
 large and increasing practice, secure a 
 prompt and satisfactory transaction of 
 all business intrusted to their hands. 
 Their apartments on the second floor of 
 the number mentioned in this heading 
 are a credit to their personal taste. 
 
78 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 WM. R. LOWE, 
 Groceries, Meats, etc, 1902, 1904 14th 
 Street N. W. 
 The trade in provisions, meats, etc., 
 considered as a branch of commerce, is 
 probably the most important existing in 
 this city, representing as it does an im- 
 mense capital and furnishing employment 
 to many persons. The city of Washing- 
 ton in "the extent and magnitude of its 
 fine provision stores, and the enterprise 
 which characterizes her representative 
 firms in this branch of business cannot 
 be surpassed by any American city. The 
 well known and reliable house of Mr. 
 W. R. Lowe, located at 1902 and 1904 
 14th street N. W., occupies a leading po- 
 sition in this branch of industrial enter- 
 prises. Although established but three 
 years ago, it has acquired a wide spread 
 reputation in this section of the city. 
 Mr. Lowe founded his business in a small 
 and modest manner, occupying at the 
 
 time but one half of the present premises, 
 and with comparatively small capital, he 
 has by energy and unlimited amount of 
 enterprise built up a trade that is not 
 only flattering to his business tact, but an 
 honor to the city. Employment is given 
 to three assistants, and one wagon is used 
 to deliver goods to his customers. The 
 premises are about 40 x 40 feet in dimen- 
 sions, and finely arranged for the business. 
 Provisions of all kinds, meats, and oys- 
 ters and fish in their season, as well as 
 fine fruits can be found. Neatness and 
 cleanliness is the rule of this house, such 
 being remarked by all who visit the place. 
 Mr. Lowe was born and educated in 
 Maryland and came to Washington about 
 23 years ago. He is a genial and courteous 
 gentleman, whose success has been gained 
 by his close attention to the wants of his 
 customers, his industry, energy, and 
 enterprise. 
 
 "THE ARLINGTON," 
 
 Corner of Lafayette Sq. and Vermont Av., opposite the White House, 
 T. Roessle & Son, Proprietors. 
 
 Though no reminiscences of Washington's early days are connected with "The 
 Arlington," the history of the Capital's past fifteen years is so intimately con- 
 nected with this palatial house, that its name has become familiar throughout the 
 length and breadth of the land. 
 The magnificent site on which 
 the hotel is located was selected 
 by our world renowned philan- 
 thropist, Mr. W. W. Corcoran, 
 for the location of Washing- 
 ton's leading hotel. Surround- 
 ed by the aristocratic part of 
 the city, the Arlington has 
 grown up to be at present the 
 center of fashion. The Arling- 
 ton was built shortly after the 
 war and was formally opened 
 on December 1st, 1869. Its 
 accommodations soon proved 
 to be inadequate to the require- 
 ments of the leading hotel of 
 the Capital and extensions were 
 made, through purchasing and adding to it the commodious adjoining mansions 
 covering more than half a block of ground and affording accommodations for five 
 hundred guests. In commemoration of the hundreds of eminent statesmen, for- 
 eign representatives, and even 'sovereigns, a visit to the Arlington has come to be 
 one of the objects of a trip to Washington. 
 
 The interior arrangement of the hotel is unsurpassed, and the comforts and 
 luxuries of life are dispended lavishly in all its appointments. The entrances 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 79 
 
 of the main building are on the Vermont 
 Avenue side ; through corridors and halls 
 of marble we are introduced into the lobby 
 with its comfortable fauteuils. The splen- 
 did and capacious diuing-room is located 
 in the rear of the southern part, while 
 the northern part of the main building 
 is occupied by an elaborately arranged 
 billiard hall and cafe. Five diuiug rooms, 
 for private dinner parties, are located on 
 the first floor and the opulence of their 
 arrangements is only equalled by their 
 general arrangement and appointment. 
 The beautiful and elaborate parlors on 
 the first floor for receptions and visitors, 
 are the centers of society life. The "Ar- 
 lington " was the home of Dom Pedro, 
 Emperor of Brazil ; of Kala-Kaua, King 
 of the Sandwich Islands, Grand Duke 
 Alexis of Russia, the Japanese Embassy, 
 the Malagassy Embassy, and all the dis- 
 tinguished guests of the Government, 
 have made the Arlington their home; the 
 aristocracy of Europe make it their 
 favorite resort, and the reminiscences con- 
 nected with its interesting history would 
 fill a volume of interest to our intelligent 
 readers. 
 
 The "Arlington " is managed by the 
 prince of landlords, Mr. T. Roessle, who 
 is also proprietor, ably assisted by his son. 
 Mr. Roessle is a native of New York, 
 born in 1834, and a gentleman widely 
 known. Besides the Arlington, he man- 
 ages the Fort William Henry Hotel, 
 Lake George, New York, and the Delevan 
 House, at Albany, New York, all these 
 being ranked among the first and leading 
 hotels of the world. 
 
 The cuisine of the Arlington is unsur- 
 passed ; the markets of the world contri- 
 bute to its completion. The delicacies of 
 Europe, from the " pates " of Strasbourg 
 to the marmalades of Dublin, are im- 
 ported expressly for the house. 
 
 E. N. GRAY & CO., 
 
 Manufacturers of Steam Engines, Boil- 
 ers, etc. Maine Av„ bet. 3d & 4J St. S.W. 
 
 Modern civilization owes much to the 
 art of melting and casting of metals, it 
 is impossible to estimate the great amount 
 of labor and capital employed in keeping 
 pace with the growth and rapid increase 
 of its uses. In the well known firm of E. 
 N. Gray & Co., we find the leading re- 
 
 presentatives in this department of our 
 commercial interests in Washington, pos- 
 sessing all the requirements, in extensive 
 works. Coupled with the most approved 
 appliances for the prosecution of this in- 
 dustry, they are in their line better able 
 to meet [its demands than any of their 
 contemporaries in the construction of 
 general machinery, steam engines, steam 
 boilers, tanks, forgings, iron and brass 
 castings, and all classes of architectural 
 iron work. 
 
 They employ from 50 to 80 workmen 
 within their works, occupying over 30,000 
 square feet of ground, with two-thirds of 
 this area under roof, in the many build- 
 ings occupied by the various uses in the 
 conduct of their very extensive business 
 with their main building 130 by 50 feet, 
 strictly fire proof with its roof composed 
 wholly of iron and slate. The name of 
 Mr. Gray, the proprietor, has been promi- 
 nent and foremost in the business since 
 its establishment in 1862 ; though born in 
 Virginia, he has lived in Washington 
 about all his life, and here received his 
 education. In all the departments of this 
 industry the house of E. N. Gray & Co. 
 stands pre-eminently at the head and has 
 done much to advance the growing inter- 
 est of the business at Washington. 
 
 ALLISON NAILOR, 
 Livery Stables, 14th Street and Penn- 
 sylvania Avenue. 
 
 The large and extensive business now 
 carried on by Mr. Nailor was started by 
 him in 1856. In his establishment, which 
 has a frontage of 200 feet and a depth of 
 the same, a force of 75 men is employed, 
 one of their number being a veterinary 
 surgeon, who is a graduate of the Royal 
 Veterinary College in Prussia. Adjoin- 
 ing the stables are Mr. Nailor's coach 
 shop, where all his repairing is done, his 
 harness manufactory, and his blacksmith 
 shop. This will give some idea of the 
 magnitude of his business. Everything 
 requisite is to be obtained at once upon 
 the premises. His turnouts are every- 
 where conceded to be the most stylish and 
 the finest in the city, embracing nearly 
 every kind of vehicle used in the business. 
 Mr. Nailor has lately started a line of 
 50 Gurney cabs, and has the right for the 
 District for their use, for which he paid 
 
-80 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 $10,000; he also has a Hue of 12 Hansom 
 cabs, while his fine stock of horses num- 
 bers 225, and even this number wili be 
 increased. 
 
 Mr. Nailor was born in Washington in 
 1836, and received a good commercial 
 and collegiate education. His business 
 now is in a flourishing condition, and con- 
 stantly increasing. He is well known in 
 Washington as having enjoyed the pat- 
 ronage of all our Presidents from Buch- 
 
 anan to Arthur, and of all the leading 
 officials and distinguished guests at the 
 Capital. Mr. Nailor is justly regarded 
 as one of Washington's most prosperous 
 and enterprising business men, and fills 
 a large place in the history of Washing- 
 ton, both commercially and socially, and, 
 therefore, occupies an important page in 
 this volume of historical and commercial 
 sketches. 
 
 KNOX S EXPRESS, 
 (George W. Knox, Proprietor,) Northwest Corner of 2d and B Sts. N. W. 
 
 In 1864, while in the em- 
 ploy of the railroad com- 
 pany, Geo. W. Knox con- 
 ^ ceived the idea of establish- 
 ing the baggage and package 
 Jl express business in this city 
 = under the name of Excelsior 
 mExpress, commencing with 
 III one horse and wagon, mak- 
 ing calls for baggage and 
 Wi packages for delivery to de- 
 j§ pots and different sections of 
 Ithe city. With energy and 
 push he has continued the 
 motto, but changed the name 
 Hto that of his own. He can 
 rightly be called the father 
 >^~-^\- ',,f the general local express 
 m§pj business in this city, and is 
 (■■HI now doing a general carry- 
 llllJF ing business, and receiving 
 ^"~ consignments of property of 
 all descriptions for reshipment or for delivery in this or adjacent cities 
 
 The premises occupied are very large, handsome, convenient, and imposing in ap- 
 pearance, fronting 108 feet on B street, and 120 on Second street, and four stories 
 high. It is not only a handsome house, but it has every convenience for the trans- 
 action of his rapidly increasing business. The new structure is surmounted by a 
 conspicuous tower reaching 20 feet above the roof, which gives a fine and finished 
 appearance to the building. All the latest improvements in machinery are to be 
 found in use. Mr. Knox manufactures all his wagons, of which he has constantly 
 in use about eighty; grinds all his feed, and cuts all his hay; has 110 stalls for 
 horses, and fine box stalls for sick ones, and gives employment to 100 workmen. 
 Telephone connection is had with all parts of the city, railroads, and steamboat 
 lines. An elevator of the latest improved patent, with a capacity of four tons, is 
 used in the new building, which will mainly be used for storage, and is divided with 
 movable partitions, and made suitable for light or heavy storage. The business office 
 is as handsome and complete as can be found anywhere in the country, being paneled 
 in natural wood, which gives it a novel and pleasing effect. 
 
 Mr. Knox was born and educated in Maine, and came to Washington in 1864. 
 The present state of his business gives evidence of his indomitable energy and 
 enterprise. 
 
WASHI^GTOJN C1T\. 
 
 81 
 
 G. A. WHITAKER, 
 Books and Stationery, 1105 Pennsyl- 
 vania Avenne. 
 
 The extent and resources of trade that 
 have direct bearing with the community 
 do not always come prominently before 
 the notice of the people, nor is their char- 
 acter clearly understood by the majority 
 of the public. The book and stationery 
 trade has been developed into such a vig- 
 orous and healthy condition that it has 
 assumed a position as one of the standard 
 and most prominent business interests of 
 the country. 
 
 There is no better evidence of refined 
 taste in the house than the presence of 
 books. It is a matter of congratulation 
 to the friends and laborers in the cause 
 of popular education that the major por- 
 tion of the literature which forms the 
 reading matter of to-day is far superior 
 in character as compared with that of a 
 few years ago. In Washington are a 
 number of well appointed book stores, 
 and probably none are better known than 
 the above-mentioned. The business was 
 established by the present proprietor, and 
 it occupies neatly-arranged premises 25 x 
 100 feet in dimensions. These handsome 
 premises are owned by Mr. Whitaker. 
 In the business he gives employment to 
 a corps of assistants ample and capable 
 of attending to the wants of their patrons, 
 and gentlemen experienced in this line. 
 In the trade of books and stationery, en- 
 graving, printing, and fine stationery, 
 this establishment ranks among the 
 heaviest and leading concerns of the city, 
 a position it has held for many years. 
 The trade is large, and is constantly in- 
 creasing, which is due to the fact of keep- 
 ing the very best in each line of goods 
 at moderate prices. In the stock can be 
 found autograph and photograph, albums, 
 fine pocket books, card cases and purses, 
 fancy articles and games, and an endless 
 variety of goods pertaining to a first-class 
 establishment. Mr. Whitaker is a native 
 of New York, but has been identified 
 with the District for a number of years, 
 and is well known as a genial and cour- 
 teous gentleman whose business has al- 
 ways been conducted on the highest prin- 
 ciples of commercial integrity. His 
 success has not only been a personal 
 one, but, being so closely identified with 
 6 
 
 the interests of the city, it might also be 
 called a public one; at least we can say 
 it is well deserved and and richly merited 
 in the fullest meaning of the terms. 
 
 THE SMITH TRANSPARENT ICE 
 
 MANUFACTURING CO., 
 
 3827, 3329, 3331 Water or K Street. 
 
 In tracing the rise and developement 
 of the business interests of Washington it 
 cannot fail to be noted that perhaps more 
 solid progress has been made during the 
 past decade than during the whole period 
 of its previous history, and that many 
 enterprises that were established on what 
 might be considered a limited scale, have 
 assumed an importance that entitles them 
 to be detailed with particular considera- 
 tion. Of such, the well known Smith Trans- 
 parent Ice Manufacturing Company who 
 manufacture and sell, wholesale and retail, 
 ice of the purest quality, is a conspicuous 
 example. 
 
 Its history has been one of progress, 
 evincing a superior business tact and exe- 
 cutive ability on the part of the gentle- 
 men controlling its affairs. Washington, 
 like many other cities, was almost entirely 
 dependent upon rivers and lakes of Maine 
 for its supply of ice, and the supply and 
 means of transportation being uncertain, 
 caused so great a fluctuation in prices, 
 that it was deemed a fitting place to try 
 the experiment of manufacturing, and the 
 experiment has proved a success and has 
 now become firmly established, as one of 
 the necessaiy industries of the city. 
 
 Capt. David Smith, a native of Massa- 
 chusetts, a man of much travel and ob- 
 servation, seeing the high prices of ice in 
 tropical countries was led to study the 
 theory of ice making and refrigeration, 
 and while in California and at the Ha- 
 waiian Islands, invented his present sys- 
 tem, and put it into practical operation 
 in both places with satisfactory results. 
 With a view of enlarging his business, he 
 has veiy greatly improved his apparatus 
 and associated with himself men of large 
 capital, and formed a co-partnership under 
 the name of Liude, Smith & Co., with 
 head-quarters in New York, and factory 
 in Philadelphia, where they are building 
 machines of all sizes, and putting them 
 up in different sections of the country, 
 
82 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY, 
 
 THE SMITH TRANSPARENT ICE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 
 3327, 3329 and 3331 Water Street, West Washington, D. C. 
 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 but making a specialty of putting in large 
 machines in large cities, and refrigerating 
 large buildings for cold storage. The 
 business of the Transparent Ice Company 
 was established here in 1881, occupying a 
 building fronting 75 feet on Water or K 
 street, Nos. 3327, 3329, 3331, where they 
 receive water power from the Chesapeake 
 and Ohio canal. The power is used to 
 drive proper compression pumps, which 
 compress ammoniacal gas into several 
 large coils of iron pipe, which are sprayed 
 with water to carry off the heat of com- 
 pression, until the gas is converted into a 
 liquid, then the liquid ammonia runs into 
 an iron receiver for use ; from the receiver 
 a small stream is let run into the congeal- 
 ing coils of iron pipe, which are enclosed 
 in large and deep but narrow iron boxes, 
 which are set in a tank filled with pure, 
 fresh hydrant water, filtered through a 
 series of filters ; here the liquid ammonia 
 is allowed to be expanded into gas again, 
 by its own volatility, and in so doing ob- 
 sorbs the heat from the water to be frozen, 
 until it is converted into ice. In their 
 factory they have 80 of these boxes, each 
 having one square rod of freezing surface 
 the whole making just one half acre of 
 freezing surface, or equal to a pond of one 
 half acre, upon which ice is beiug formed 
 every day in the year, from one to two 
 inches thick, and from which ice is being 
 taken every day, from 10 to 14 inches 
 thick, free from all foreign matter and 
 chemically pure. That this enterprise 
 has passed beyond its experimental stage 
 the large support of a large and continued 
 patronage from our best citizens, is 
 abundant proof of the popularity of this 
 new process and reliable company. 
 
 WM. C. SCRIBNER, 
 
 Bicycle School and dealer in Bicycles, 
 
 &c, 1108 to 1116 E Street, N. W. 
 
 The invention of the bicycle was the 
 inauguration of a new mode of locomo- 
 tion, and it almost instantly became the 
 rage on account of its novelty; but now 
 it has settled into a practical and useful 
 machine, the merits of which can be easily 
 seen. As a source of pleasure and amuse- 
 ment, and also of practical utility, it is 
 popular, and to-day some of the best peo- 
 ple of the country, including clergymen, 
 lawyers, authors, and professional men, 
 
 either belong to a club or own a machine 
 for their individual use and amusement. 
 The leading dealer in bicycles, tricycles, 
 and the sundries connected with the busi- 
 ness, is Mr. Wm. C. Scribner, whose premi- 
 ses extend from 1108 to 1116 E street, N. 
 W. Mr. Scribner established this business 
 about three years ago, and does a large 
 and increasing business. His place is 
 the headquarters of all the leading and 
 professional bicyclists that visit the city. 
 The premises occupied are 40 x NO feet 
 in extent in the second story, which is 
 used as a bicycle school, and the two sales- 
 rooms on the first Hour 20 x 40 feet in di- 
 mensions each. Mr. Scribner and his two 
 assistants are ever ready to instruct pur- 
 chasers in the use of the wheel. Boys' 
 machines are made a specialty, and every 
 purchaser of a machine is taught to ride 
 free of charge. Mr. Scribner was born 
 in New York city and brought up in. 
 Washington, and is a thorough and go- 
 ahead business man, and a great favorite 
 with the wheelmen of the Capital city. 
 The repairing of bicycles and tricycles is 
 a special feature in this business, and Mr. 
 H. W. Higham, the celebrated racer is 
 in charge of this department, all work 
 being guaranteed and the prices are the 
 most reasonable. All orders by mail re- 
 ceive the same attention that they would 
 if the customers were present personally. 
 
 DRTJMMOND & BRADFORD, 
 
 Attorneys and Counsellors at Law, 810 
 
 F Street N. W. 
 
 There are a number of land claim 
 agents, who are professional attorneys at 
 law, and others who exclusively practice 
 before the General Land Office, whose 
 names are recorded upon the rolls in the 
 Department of the Interior. Messrs. Wil- 
 lis Drummond & Rob't H. Bradford have 
 had, the former an experience of twenty- 
 eight, and the latter twenty-seven years 
 as attorneys-at-law. Mr. Drummond is 
 a native of Missouri, and Mr. Bradford 
 of Pennsylvania. During the war, Mr. 
 Drummond served as major from"1863 
 to '65 in the 9th Iowa Cavalry Union 
 Volunteers, and Mr. Bradford as captain 
 in the 28th Louisiana Volunteers, Confede- 
 rate States army. Mr. Bradford is known 
 in Louisiana as an old land attorney and 
 surveyor. From 1865-66, Mr. Drum- 
 
84 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 niond was tax commissioner for South 
 Carolina, from 1867-'80, register in bank- 
 ruptcy in Macgregor, Iowa, in 1869 and 
 '70 supervisor of internal revenue, for the 
 district embracing Iowa, Minnesota, Ne- 
 braska, Dakota, and Wyoming territory, 
 and from 1871-74 was commissioner of 
 the General Land Office. The firm of 
 Messrs. Drummond & Bradford has been 
 established in the District of Columbia 
 since January 1, 1877, although both 
 gentlemen have had a much longer prac- 
 tice before the United States Supreme and 
 other Courts and Land Office ; they give 
 especial attention to land claims and all 
 kinds of scrip in both of which they have 
 extensive operations throughout the union, 
 and are especially well prepared to con- 
 duct cases in either of these branches of 
 business. 
 
 DR. WM. MERRILL, 
 Dentist, 602 Eleventh Street, corner F. 
 There is probably no profession which 
 has risen into importance with so much 
 rapidity, or which now possesses a wider 
 sphere of action, than that of dentistry. 
 In this connection we find the name of 
 Dr. Wm. Merrill, dentist, of 602 11th 
 street. Doctor Merrill began the prac- 
 tice of dentistry in 1858, and at his pres- 
 ent location has handsome and convenient 
 parlors and operating rooms thoroughly 
 equipped with all the new and modern 
 appliances of the progressive science. The 
 saving of the natural teeth, filling with 
 gold, silver or platinum, and the making 
 of sets of artificial teeth, and the treat- 
 ment of all known diseases of the mouth, 
 receives attention. Dr. Merrill was born 
 in the State of Maine in 1833 and was 
 educated there ; came to Washington in 
 1863, and has established a growing prac- 
 tice in this city and vicinity. 
 
 J. G. MEYERS, 
 Architect, Office, 711 G Street, N. W. 
 
 In the extensive and enterprising me- 
 chanical industry of contractor and 
 builder, we find Mr. Meyers. He is a 
 native of Nazareth, Penn., where, in his 
 younger days he learned the profession, 
 and where afterwards for several years he 
 was engaged in the business of contractor 
 and builder before coming to Washing- 
 
 ton. In 1871 he established himself in 
 this city in the profession of architect, 
 having retired from the building and con- 
 tracting business, and after opening a fine 
 office devoted his time and attention to 
 drafting and superintending the erection 
 of his work. Among some of his work 
 we note the College of the Deaf and 
 Dumb, the private residences of Col. 
 Thompson, W. Stickney, corner 6th and 
 M streets, and the design of Judge C. 
 Nott's, Mr. Chris. Kuppert, Mrs. E. Cul- 
 linan, Judge Lewery, Gen. Hazen, and 
 many others. 
 
 WASHINGTON CONSERVATORY 
 
 OP MUSIC. 
 
 O. B. Bullard, Director. Cor. 7th & D 
 
 Sts. Entrance 707 D St. 
 
 The leading conservatory of music in 
 the city, is the Washington Conservatory, 
 founded in 1869. And this not only on 
 account of its many local advantages, 
 and the superior comforts it possesses for 
 students, but for the high state of organi- 
 zation and perfection of its training sys- 
 tem. The general groundwork of a sound 
 musical education is laid for beginners, 
 while perfection in methods qualify fur- 
 ther the well-advanced in music. The 
 conservatory is located in the fine four- 
 story building on the corner of 7th and 
 D streets, and has no superior in point of 
 location in the city, being accessible by 
 street cars from all parts of the city and 
 the railway stations. Singing and instru- 
 mental music are taught from the elemen- 
 tary to the advanced grade. The history 
 of the conservatory within the last few 
 years has been marked by unusual suc- 
 cess. The terms of tuition are placed at 
 such moderate rates that all who desire a 
 musical education can afford to attend. 
 Professor O. B. Bullard, the principal, is 
 a gentleman of vast experience as an 
 educator and trainer in music, having a 
 national reputation in this art, and is 
 ably assisted in the various branches by 
 a corps of competent and thoroughly 
 qualified teachers. He is a native of 
 Massachusetts, and has been a resident of 
 Washington for the past 15 years, during 
 which time he has been identified with 
 the musical circles of the Capital, and has 
 achieved most gratifying results in the 
 advancement of the art. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 85 
 
 JUDD & DETWEILER, 
 
 Printers and Publishers, 420 and 422 
 
 Eleventh Street, N. W. 
 
 As the centre of the scientific business 
 of the Government, and as the home of a 
 large number of scientific and literary 
 men, Washington has long felt the need 
 of an establishment where all kinds of 
 works in this line, in our own and foreign 
 languages, could find a publisher. The 
 printing house of Judcl & Detweiler fills 
 all requirements in this direction, and is 
 probably the most complete in the Capital 
 City. The firm was established in 1868 
 by its present proprietors, John G. Judd 
 and F. M. Detweiler. The former gen- 
 tleman is a native of London, England, 
 where he received a thorough education, 
 which has qualified him so well for his 
 responsible position. Mr. Detweiler is a 
 native of Pennsylvania, but his nearly 
 life-long residence in the capital has 
 identified him thoroughly with the busi- 
 ness interests of the District. The firm 
 has lately occupied their fine new build- 
 ding, an imposing brick structure at 420 
 and 422 Eleventh street. It consists of 
 three floors, each having an area of 55 
 x 100 feet, the first floor being used for a 
 press and job room, while most of the 
 composing is done on the second floor, 
 where there are facilities for 90 composi- 
 tors, and the same number can be ac- 
 commodated in the third story. The mo- 
 tive power is derived from a powerful 
 steam engine of the latest and most im- 
 proved pattern. Beside a general book 
 and job printing business, Messrs. Judd 
 & Detweiler make a specialty of printing 
 scientific works, and have had over 50 
 special matrices made for their use in 
 publications in foreign languages. A visit 
 to this standard house is most interesting, 
 and especially to those wishing to have 
 printing done on anything like a large 
 scale, the firm being always prepared* to 
 execute work under their old motto — 
 " Neatness, Punctuality, Fair Prices." 
 Estimates are always cheerfully furnished, 
 and contracts, when made thereon, strictly 
 adhered to. While they have made spe- 
 cial arrangements to do work on a large 
 scale, it must not be presumed that they 
 in any way slight the small job work. 
 They have superior facilities for all kinds 
 of commercial work. 
 
 ALBERT F. FOX, 
 
 Real Estate Broker. Office No. 920 F 
 
 st. N. W. 
 
 Mr. Fox is one of the best known real 
 estate brokers in Washington city, having 
 been in business for more than twenty 
 years. Mr. Fox has the general manage- 
 ment of a number of estates located in 
 various sections of the city and suburbs 
 owned by private citizens, corporations, 
 and other parties. He went through the 
 battle of dark and troublous days connect- 
 ed with the history of real estate in the 
 District of Columbia, and is, therefore, 
 eminently qualified to act and to advise 
 under various circumstances, where a long 
 experience and minute acquaintance with 
 the records are required. If a prompt 
 and conscientious attendance as well as 
 the judicious investment of funds deserve 
 the patronage of the citizens of the Dis- 
 trict, then Mr. Fox can rest assured of 
 his share of their confidence. He buys, 
 sells, leases, etc., all classes of real estate, 
 negotiates loans, collects house and ground 
 rents, and takes the management of pro- 
 perty generally, giving also his personal 
 attention to the management of estates of 
 non-residents. Mr. Fox's office can be 
 found at the number indicated above, 
 opposite Masonic temple. 
 
 J. B. BRYAN, 
 Fine Groceries, 608 Pennsylvania Ave. 
 
 One of the leading and oldest houses 
 engaged in this important branch of in- 
 dustry is that of Mr. J. B. Bryan, located 
 at 608 Pennsylvania avenue, which was 
 founded in 1849 by the Bryan Brothers, 
 and from the date of its inception has 
 done a growing business. The premises 
 occupied by Mr. Bryan are 25 x 130 feet 
 in dimensions and three stories in height, 
 and are well arranged for displaying the 
 large and varied stock and properly con- 
 ducting the business. Employment is 
 given to five assistants, who are capable 
 in the branch of the business to which 
 they are respectively assigned, and four 
 wagons are used to deliver the goods to 
 the many customers in all parts of the 
 city. In the stock can always be found 
 a complete line of fine family groceries, 
 table luxuries, teas, coffees, spices, wines, 
 and liquors of special and the best brands. 
 
•36 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 The best brans of flour and housekeepers' 
 supplies, besides the many other articles 
 belonging to a first-class grocery and pro- 
 vision store, are kept in stock. Mr. J. B. 
 Bryan, the proprietor, was born and edu- 
 cated in the District. He began as clerk, 
 at the age of fourteen, with the firm of 
 George &' Thomas Parker, at the place 
 now occupied by Barbour & Hamilton. 
 Mr. Bryan has always taken a deep in- 
 terest in the affairs and welfare of the 
 city, and by his sagacity and business 
 acumen has been largely instrumental in 
 giving to the city of Washington the 
 prominence which it now occupies as a 
 commercial metropolis. 
 
 RODERICK P. DANFORTH, 
 
 Inventor, Patentee, Manufacturer, and 
 Proprietor of Danforth's Fluid, 936 F St. 
 
 Among the many inventions of late 
 years that have become of importance 
 and of practical use is that of Danforth's 
 burning fluid. This fluid was invented 
 by Mr. R. F. Danforth in Cleveland, Ohio, 
 in 1866, and since then it has become a 
 staple article of commerce and use. It 
 is a cheaper light than gas, or coal oil. 
 It will heat bed rooms, conservatories. 
 etc., quicker than oil, gas or wood. It is 
 absolutely non-explosive and perfectly 
 safe for purposes used, advertised, and 
 sold. This fluid is no new thing. Mr. 
 Danforth, having spent twenty years and 
 large sums, as proved by the hundreds 
 of agencies and thousands of customers 
 in different States selling and using his 
 goods. He has completed his experi- 
 ments, finished his inventions, receiving 
 new patents, increased his manufactory 
 to meet any demand made for his goods, 
 and is prepared to offer his goods to the 
 world with full assurance that they will 
 bear out all and more than he claims. 
 He is also the inventor of Danforth's 
 stove for burning the fluid, which is one 
 of the very best stoves for summer use 
 ever invented. Mr. Danforth has opened 
 807 offices for the sale of this fluid and 
 his stoves, in twenty different States, do- 
 ing all this personally. The agency of 
 this fluid here is controlled solely by M. E. 
 Danforth & Co. of 605 11th street, who 
 have it for sale by the barrel or gallon, 
 and are doing a large business with it. 
 Mr. Danforth, the proprietor and manager, 
 
 was born and educated in Leroy, Genesee 
 county, New York. He is a thorough 
 businessman, and has made an eminent 
 success of the business in which he is en- 
 gaged. 
 
 The Danforth Illuminating Fluid Ma- 
 nufacturing Co. is incorporated under the 
 laws of Maryland ; capital stock $100,000 
 in shares of $5.00 each, of which Mr. 
 R. F. Danforth is president. They desire 
 agents in every town where their goods 
 are not represented, and correspondence 
 is solicited. 
 
 J. B. TEN EYCK, M. D., 
 Dentist, 515 12th Street, N. W. 
 A history of the means that have been 
 adopted through the centuries to guard 
 the teeth — those treasures of the mouth — 
 from the ravages of decay, or to replace 
 them when they had become a total loss, 
 would be curious and interesting. Among 
 the professors of the art who by their 
 efforts lifted the science from the plane 
 in which it was held up to the level of 
 the higher sciences, is J. B. Ten Evck, 
 M. D.^ D. D. S., of 515 12th street N. 
 W. Dr. Ten Eyck established in 1873, 
 and at the present location has elegant 
 parlors and operating rooms fitted with 
 all the latest improvements for facilitating 
 operations. Dr. Ten Eyck gives atten- 
 tion to all branches "of dentistry — the 
 making and filling of teeth and treating 
 all diseases of the mouth from whatever 
 cause. He is thoroughly practical, and 
 is a progressive dentist. He was born in 
 New York in the year 1839, and is a 
 graduate of the Baltimore College of 
 Dental Surgery and the National Med- 
 ical College of this city ; is at present a 
 member of the Board of Regents of the 
 Baltimore College of Dental Surgery 
 and is an ex-president of the Washington 
 City Dental Society. Dr. Ten Eyck 
 served three and a half years in the war, 
 and has the honorable record of being a 
 participant in twenty-eight battles, being 
 wounded in the battle of the Wilderness, 
 and lie is justly proud of his record in 
 the army. Being one of the progression- 
 ists in his profession, he has recently 
 adopted a specialty, which is the insertion 
 of teeth without plates by Dr. Sheffield's 
 perfect crowning system which is becom- 
 ing so popular. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 87 
 
 aasfp 
 
 Corner of 9th and D Streets N. W., Lincoln Hall Building. 
 
 The Spencerian Business College was 
 established in 1864, and the first twenty 
 years of its history have been marked by 
 wide-awake enterprise and sturdy growth. 
 Its halls have always been thronged with 
 ambitious students, who have gone forth 
 to their life-work, commending it to rela- 
 tives, friends, and acquaintances, who 
 have in turn secured for themselves within 
 its walls a practical education. 
 
 The business course embraces the Eng- 
 lish language, business arithmetic, Spen- 
 cerian practical penmanship, book-keep- 
 ing by single and double entry, adapted 
 to every variety of business; business 
 practice, requiring the making out and 
 exchanging of all kinds of business 
 papers, paying and receiving cash, keep- 
 ing the accounts and writing the letters ; 
 vocal and physical training, lectures on 
 political economy, commercial geography, 
 ■commercial law, and business ethics. 
 
 There are day and night sessions 
 
 throughout the year, including the sum- 
 mer months, and students are received at 
 any time. 
 
 Tuition Fees. Day sessions: year 
 scholarship, cash $50; quarter, cash $20; 
 year scholarship, in installments $60. 
 Night sessions: year scholarship, cash 
 $50; quarter $16; month $6. 
 
 The principal of the college, Professor 
 Henry C. Spencer, an instructor of more 
 than twenty-five years' of successful ex- 
 perience, gives the institution his entire 
 time and attention. The vice-principal, 
 Sara A. Spencer, a teacher of equal ex- 
 perience and of high reputation has spe- 
 cial supervision of the ladies' department 
 of the college. A full corps of able, 
 faithful, practical teachers always em- 
 ployed to co-operate with the principals. 
 Circulars and catalogues of information 
 we always furnished free on application 
 by mail, or at the college office, corner of 
 9th and D streets N. W. 
 
88 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 TEMPLE HOTEL, 
 
 Mrs. S. D. LaFetra, Proprietor, Ninth 
 
 Street, Opp. U. S. Patent Office. 
 
 For solid home comfort and close re- 
 semblance to the family circle, no house 
 is more favorably known than the Temple 
 Hotel, as well on account of the privacy 
 enjoyed, as on account of the home-like 
 appearance of all its appointments. The 
 Temple Hotel was established in 1880, 
 and is located in the very center of the 
 business part of the city, and easily ac- 
 cessible by the lines of street cars. The 
 hotel occupies the upper floors of Nos. 
 604 and 606 Ninth street, opposite the U. 
 S. Patent Office ; the dining room occu- 
 pying the ground floor of the numbers 
 mentioned. The second floor contains 
 two elegant parlors en suite for the use 
 of the guests of the hotel, while the upper 
 floors contain the sleeping apartments for 
 the accommodation of from 50 to 70 
 guests. The proprietress of the Tem- 
 ple Hotel and Cafe, a great temper- 
 ance advocate, is one of those noble- 
 minded ladies of whom our community 
 may feel proud, and were her teachings 
 more generally known and introduced, 
 many an unhappy family circle would be 
 relieved, and sunshine introduced where 
 constant darkness reigns at present. As 
 a model institution, the Temple Hotel has 
 the patronage and deserves the admira- 
 tion of all. 
 
 G. H. & W. T. HOWARD, 
 
 Attorneys at Law and Solicitors of Pat- 
 ents, 635 F Street, N. W. 
 
 This representative firm of attorneys- 
 at-law and solicitors of patents was estab- 
 lished in 1871. The firm consists of 
 Messrs. George H. and William T. How- 
 ard, the former an experienced attorney- 
 at-law T , and the latter equally experienced 
 as a mechanical engineer. The former is 
 a resident of Washington and the latter 
 of Baltimore. Their business office in 
 Baltimore is located at the corner of Sec- 
 ond and Holliday streets, in the National 
 Insurance Co.'s building. They have 
 unequaled facilities for obtaining patents 
 in the United States, Canada, and all 
 foreign countries where patent laws ex- 
 ist, for the registration of trade marks 
 and labels, the reissuing of defective and 
 invalid patents, and the furnishing of re- 
 
 ports on the validity and scope of patents, 
 and on all questions of infringement, re- 
 issue, extension (by act of Congress), etc. 
 The many years practice of this firm hav- 
 ing made them minutely acquainted with 
 the records of the United States Patent 
 Office, American and foreign inventors- 
 will find it to their immediate interest to 
 order through them preliminary exami- 
 nations into the condition of the art to 
 which their inventions apply, with a view 
 to determine the proper mode of present- 
 ing their claims, so as to obtain an effec- 
 tive and valid patent. Messrs. G. H. & 
 W. T. Howard are both prominent mem- 
 bers of their profession, and the many 
 valuable and effective patents which have 
 lately been issued through their agency,, 
 give evidence of the confidence with which 
 inventors and discoverers have honored 
 this well-known house. The Washington 
 offices of the firm are located at No. 635 
 F street, N. W., near the Patent Office, 
 All correspondence directed to that num- 
 ber, or to Lock Box 510, will receive 
 prompt and conscientious attention. 
 
 B. LEWIS BLACKFORD, 
 
 Fire Insurance Agency, 519 7th Street, 
 
 Northwest. 
 
 The first-class companies represented 
 in the capital by Mr. B. Lewis Blackford 
 belong to the staunchest and most relia- 
 ble. Mr. Blackford is well known in the 
 capital as an honorable business man, 
 having been established in the same office 
 for over fifteen years. Mr. Blackford 
 has the agency for the following com- 
 panies : The German-American Insur- 
 ance Companv of New York, with present 
 assets of over $4,000,000; the old " Fire 
 Association " of Phila., a staunch old com- 
 pany of over 84,000,000 assets ; the Mer- 
 chants' Ins. Company of Newark, N. J., 
 with a cash capital of $400,000, a surplus 
 of ^425,907, and assets amounting to 
 $1,200,000; The Norwich Union Fire 
 ( )ffice, of England, established 1797, with 
 United States branch in New York, and 
 assets in the United States amounting to 
 $1,010,607. Its financial affairs are in 
 such a condition that shares originally 
 worth $30 were negotiated on the last sales 
 for $520 each. Mr. Blackford is a native 
 of Virginia, where he is both socially and 
 in commercial circles, highly connected. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 89 
 
 M. J. WINE, 
 
 Attorney in Land Cases, 929 F Street 
 
 N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Among those who have long occupied 
 a leading position in the law and land 
 cases business, and whose familiarity with 
 and experience in these transactions have 
 fitted for this line of business, is Mr. M. 
 J. Wine, whose business is conducted at 
 the above number. Mr. Wine was horn 
 in Augusta county, Virginia, and was 
 educated at Roanoke College, in the same 
 State. He was educated as an attorney, 
 and entered upon the practice of his pro- 
 fession at Booneville, Missouri. After 
 remaining there four years he returned to 
 his native State, and began the publica- 
 
 tion of the Piedmont News, at Culpeper, 
 Va.. which he edited with ability and 
 profit, but with an ambition for a wider 
 field for his abilities, he came to Wash- 
 ington in 1878, and took up his profes- 
 sion again, making the practice before 
 the General Land Office a specialty. 
 
 In 1883 he succeeded the National Shelf 
 and File Company. In this business he 
 occupies premises 22 x 80 feet in dimen- 
 sions, and three stories high. The first 
 floor is the stock and finishing room in 
 the rear, while on the second floor is his 
 elegant suite of offices, which are very 
 neatly and conveniently arranged. It is 
 singular fact, that with the vast improve- 
 ments in every branch of industry, the 
 
so 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 furniture of our offices is to-day practi- 
 cally that of fifty years ago. The docu- 
 ment file and files cabinet manufactured 
 by Mr. M. J. Wine is an advance in this 
 •direction, and all persons, whether in pri- 
 vate or official business, who have the 
 -care of accumulating papers and docu- 
 ments, Mr. Wine's system by which papers 
 may be protected, and at the same time 
 be within quick and easy reach. Mr. 
 Wine has combined the best improved file 
 boxes with the simplest, handsomest, and 
 most convenient form of cabinet. These 
 have been used, and are on trial by men 
 accustomed to handling large files of 
 papers in the Government offices and de- 
 partments, and have been pronounced by 
 all to be the most perfect file holder and 
 cabinet maufactured. Besides these he 
 also manfactures the Baden package fast- 
 ener, the Ahmay file box, and the Reser- 
 voir desk wash-stand, all being indispen- 
 sable articles for the office. Office men 
 throughout the United States would do 
 w T isely by consulting Mr. Wine by mail. 
 
 R. PINLEY HUNT, D. D. S., 
 Dentist, 1113 P Street, Northwest. 
 
 Perhaps there is no other j>rofession 
 which, in America, has had a more rapid 
 •development than that of dentistry. 
 Among the leading members of this pro- 
 fession in this city is R. Finlev Hunt, D. 
 D. S., of 1113 F st. N.W. Dr. Hunt com- 
 menced the practice of dentistry in 1842, 
 and is one of the pioneers in the progres- 
 sive branch of the science. At the above 
 number he has parlors and operating 
 rooms furnished with all the modern con- 
 veniences, and latest improvements and 
 methods for the practice of dentistry in 
 all its branches, devoting his attention 
 particularly to preservation of the natural 
 teeth. Dr. Hunt is a graduate of the 
 Baltimore College of Dental Surgery and 
 the Maryland Dental College. He was 
 born in the State of Georgia in 1818, and 
 educated at Franklin College in that 
 State. In 1855 he was elected city sur- 
 veyor of Washington, accepting that po- 
 sition on account of his poor health, and 
 served in that capacity two years. He 
 was in ^Richmond for some time during 
 the war, and was in the Confederate ser- 
 vice there. Dr. Hunt is of an inventive 
 
 turn of mind, and has used his ability for 
 the benefit of the profession, being the 
 inventor of two methods of moulding cel- 
 luloid into dental plates, which methods 
 are almost universally used by the pro- 
 fession. One was the use of glycerine, 
 and the other dry heat. He has always 
 been an earnest advocate of high standard 
 of dental excellence and education, and 
 for years past has been identified with 
 dental colleges, and is now in the enjoy- 
 ment of a large practice. 
 
 KENDBRDINE & PARET, 
 Contractors and Builders, Post Building. 
 Among the enterprizes in this city that 
 have contributed to the commercial im- 
 portance of Washington is the well-known 
 establishment of Messrs. Kenderdine & 
 Paret. These very enterprising young men 
 who are the proprietors have been estab- 
 lished in business since 1880, occupying 
 a building 26 x 80 feet as an office and 
 display room in the Post building, with 
 manufacturing shops in the rear. They 
 employ from 30 to 75 men, as the busi- 
 ness requires. They show a large and 
 varied assortment of wood mantles of the 
 finest quality, superior style, and elegance 
 of design. They are agents for the man- 
 ufacture of tiles, and carry a heavy stock 
 of foreign and domestic goods. They are 
 also the agents for the celebrated Bough- 
 ton's wood carpets, parquet and inlaid 
 floors, wainscots, and ceilings. This w r ood 
 carpet is not, as many people suppose, a 
 temporary floor covering to be laid down 
 and taken up at pleasure, but is a perma- 
 nent new floor on top of the old one, and 
 is carefully fitted into all the offsets and 
 around all the projections of the room. 
 Attention is called to the recent articles 
 in leading magazines, notably, Harper's 
 and The Century. Among the residences 
 of this city that Messrs. Kenderdine & 
 Paret have built and decorated, we men- 
 tion J. G. Blaine's, Senator Cameron's, 
 Senator Van Wyck's, Col. 'J. N. Bona- 
 part's, Judge A. B. Hagner's, and the Bu- 
 reau of Engraving and Printing, and 
 many others. The firm undertakes all 
 kinds of contracts for the erection of 
 buildings and household decorations. 
 Mr. Kenderdine is a native of Philadel- 
 phia, while Mr. Paret lays claim to New 
 York as his place of nativity. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 91 
 
 THE GREENLEAF COFFEE AND 
 
 SPICE MILLS, 
 "W. J. Lown, Proprietor, Md. Ave., 7th 
 
 and C Sts. S. W. 
 
 ■ r^Mm | 'i'W W If s 
 
 
 ilfo 
 
 Or, 
 
 This business was established in 1849 
 by Mr. T. Riley, who managed it until 
 1865. His son conducted the business 
 with gratifying results until his death, in 
 1875, when the present proprietor, Mr. 
 W. J. Lown, purchased the business, and 
 has since conducted it with the most sub- 
 stantial success, each year witnessing a 
 large increase of trade. Mr. Lown was 
 connected with the former proprietor for 
 seven years, and gained in that time a 
 thorough and practical knowledge and 
 experience in all the details connected 
 with the business previous to assuming 
 control of it. The building occupied is 
 a handsome three-story structure, as seen 
 above, and is 40 x 70 feet in size, in which 
 he has all the latest improved machinery 
 and facilities for roasting coffee, grinding 
 and preparing spices, &c. The coffee- 
 roasters are four in number, and are 
 the patent acknowledged to be the 
 best known for roasting, cooling, scour- 
 ing, and cleaning. The spice mills are 
 also from the same factory. The trade is 
 principally in the District, but a good 
 trade has been built up in Maryland and 
 Virginia and throughout the country trib- 
 utary'to the city. Fully three-fourths of 
 our merchants are his regular patrons, and 
 have their supplies of roasted coffees and 
 spices prepared here. Aside from roasting, 
 grinding, &c, Mr. Lown carries one of the 
 largest and most complete stocks of coffees, 
 spices, peanuts, &c, to be found in the 
 
 city, which he offers to the trade at pop- 
 ular prices. The capacity of the mills in 
 roasting coffee alone is 5,000 pounds 
 daily. Four fine teams and delivery 
 wagons are kept constantly busy in the 
 city delivering and receiving goods, while 
 from eight to fourteen men are employed. 
 Mr. Lown was born in New York, and 
 educated in Washington, where he has 
 lived for the past fifteen years. His busi- 
 ness is not only creditable and beneficial 
 to the city, but one that reflects great 
 credit on the proprietor, and which has 
 grown to be the largest enterprise of the 
 kind in the south. 
 
 FRED. W. EVANS' 
 Dining Rooms, 919 F Street N. W. 
 This veteran dining establishment of 
 the capital has gained its great popularity 
 through the acknowledged superiority of 
 its dishes and the business qualifications 
 of its proprietor. Fred. W. Evans' din- 
 ing rooms, located on the north side of F 
 street, between 9th and 10th, occupy the 
 entire ground floor of No. 919, covering 
 an area of 30 by 120 feet. The proprie- 
 tor, an expert in his business, understood 
 the rules of life when he demonstrated 
 that the faultless serving of meals is a 
 great part of their enjoyment. The ta- 
 bles are constantly spread with the finest 
 of linens, while a corps of colored assis- 
 tants insure a prompt attendance and a 
 courteous treatment. Regular board is 
 furnished at " Evans' " at a most reason- 
 able figure, while his bills of fare contain 
 the choicest varieties of dainties cooked 
 to order. As the leading caterer of the 
 capital, Mr. Fred. W. Evans' name has 
 become proverbial, while the solidity and 
 quality of his table have materially con- 
 tributed to the general comfort of his 
 many friends and patrons. 
 
 WASHINGTON GRANITE MONU- 
 MENTAL CO., 
 Cor. 11th St. and New York Ave. N.W. 
 
 The business of the Washington Granite 
 Monumental Company was established in 
 1883, and the works occupy a space 40 x 
 80 feet in dimensions, and here the fine 
 work of the company is executed. A 
 force of six highly-skilled workmen are 
 employed, and a large stock of all kinds 
 
92 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 of stone is kept on hand. They are well 
 prepared to execute any work in their 
 line. Every description of monumental 
 and cemetery work promptly executed in 
 all kinds and shades of granite. Polish- 
 ishing and letter cutting a specialty. The 
 character of this firm has become so es- 
 tablished with the leading, local and out- 
 side demand that a large percentage of 
 the finely executed work in the several 
 cemeteries has been supplied by them. 
 The members of the company are Win. 
 Jardine, Sec'y ; Wm. Archibald, Treas. ; 
 and Robert Bonar, who is the practical 
 man of the firm. All of them are natives 
 of Scotland, and came to this country in 
 
 1880. 
 
 H. L, CRANFORD, 
 Contractor, 1420 P street n, w, 
 
 Among the most energetic business men 
 of Washington who have attained to a 
 high position in our commercial industries 
 is H. L. Cranford. He is one of our most 
 prosperous business men, and has resided 
 in Washington eleven years, coming here 
 from his native State of New York in 
 1872, and was one of the inaugurators of 
 the present system of paving. Previous 
 to his coming here the paving contracts, 
 owing to inexperienced contractors, were 
 unsatisfactory, defective, and almost 
 wholly bad. Mr. Cranford is probably 
 the best posted man in America in all the 
 branches of paving and street making, 
 and is certainly the father of this indus- 
 try in Washington. He gave it theoreti- 
 cal and practical study for 16 years, and 
 has systematically by close study brought 
 it to its present perfection, having devoted 
 himself entirely to this specialty. Over 
 30 miles of pavement have been laid by 
 him in this city, all giving satisfaction. 
 K street, one of the most beautiful of all 
 our streets, was one of his first contracts, 
 and from the moment of its being finished 
 until to-day it has never cost the city one 
 cent for repair. Other specimens of his 
 work can be seen in front of the asylum, 
 and the principal work in the park and 
 in many other places. Mr. Cranford is 
 also pushing and making a specialty of a 
 new pavement for sidewalks, called the 
 granolithic pavement. He has intro- 
 duced them with great success, and as a 
 reference to the beauty and durability of 
 
 the granolithic system we note the north 
 side of Pennsylvania avenue from 15th 
 street to the Capitol, the south side of the 
 Executive Mansion, in front of the De- 
 partment of Justice, and Riggs' Bank, 
 and many other private places through- 
 out the city. Mr. Cranford is a gentle- 
 man of broad ideas, and has been promi- 
 nently identified with the business inter- 
 ests of the city. 
 
 THE WASHINGTON ART CO. 
 
 Keyser & Paull, Proprietors, 934 P St. 
 
 Northwest. 
 
 Whether con- 
 sidered as an in- 
 dustrial art or as 
 a branch of com- 
 mercial pursuit, 
 this house calls for 
 prominent men- 
 tion. The Wash- 
 ington Art Com- 
 pany are mention- 
 ed as standard 
 representatives in this line. They are 
 general agents, for the United States, for 
 the world-renowned Lancaster organs. 
 Their elegant art galleries for the display 
 and sale of oil and water-color paintings 
 and other works of art are located in 
 handsome and commodious buildings, as 
 stated above. They are wholesale and 
 retail dealers in picture frames and mould- 
 ings, and manufacturers of gold, bronze, 
 and antique frames, plush and velvet 
 cabinets, steel and electric engravings, 
 and artists in scenic and landscape paint- 
 ings, oil, pastel, plain and half-toned 
 crayon portraits, chromos, oilographs, au- 
 totypes, and artists' colors and materials. 
 Orders received and promptly filled 
 for menu, reception, at home, wed- 
 ding, dinner, and all kinds of invita- 
 tion cards, crests, and monograms. — 
 Their business has so increased as to com- 
 pel them to seek their present enlarged 
 quarters, where they possess every facility 
 for conducting a first-class business. The 
 business is not confined to Washington, 
 but extends to all parts of the United 
 States. The partners are E. A. Keyser 
 and E. T. Paull, both of whom were born 
 and educated in West Virginia. They are 
 energetic business men, and will be found 
 prompt and reliable in their transactions. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 93 
 
 JOHN H. MAGRTJDER, 
 
 Fine Groceries, Wines, Liquors, and 
 
 Cigars, 1417 New York Avenue. 
 
 In reviewing the various prominent 
 business houses of Washington city, it 
 would be difficult to find a more complete 
 •establishment for fine groceries than John 
 H. Magruder's, located at 1417 New York 
 avenue. In fact, the absolute complete- 
 ness of the stock in ordinary goods and 
 table delicacies and general staple grocer- 
 ies leads us to make special mention of 
 this representative house. Washington 
 having become a center of cosmopolitan 
 importance, the demand on the market 
 calls for such a house as Magruder's. It 
 fills a long-felt need. The establishment 
 carries a stock adequate at all times to 
 the demands of its large retail trade, and 
 makes a specialty of tire finest KTTropean 
 and domestic groceries obtainable. Mr. 
 Magruder's long experience in this line 
 has enabled him to study the tastes and 
 needs of his patrons, and he makes a 
 point of having every dainty belonging 
 to the trade represented in his superior 
 stock. In calling special attention to his 
 boxed goods we mention truffles, olives, 
 Miss C. E. Martin's celebrated homermade 
 cakes, preserves and pickles, sardines, 
 caviar, capers, &c, &c, &c. We must 
 not omit mention of Magruder's fine line 
 of bottled goods, such as liquors, wines, 
 liqueurs, champagnes, clarets, &c, promi- 
 nent among which are Smith's India pale 
 ale, and the celebrated Picon bitters, 
 which have attained the highest pop- 
 ularity as a stomach tonic and ap- 
 petizer. It is probably a fact that for 
 these purposes these bitters have no 
 equal in the American market. Any 
 and everything for the luxury of the 
 family table and the supply of the market 
 can be found in Magruder's ample and 
 well-stocked warerooms. The finest im- 
 ported pickles and preserved fruits con- 
 stitute a special and peculiarly attractive 
 department of this house. The building 
 occupied by Mr. Magruder is one of the 
 finest business structures on New York 
 avenue. A handsome front of pressed 
 brick and plate-glass windows shows finely 
 from the street. The building consists of 
 four floors 25 by 90 feet in dimensions, 
 which are all filled to repletion with the 
 elegant stock of goods. Order prevails 
 
 from garret to cellar, and each floor is 
 devoted to its own line of goods. In 
 short, a walk through this model estab- 
 lishment will well rejDay any one of 
 our city and the many visitors to the 
 " Paris of America," either intent on busi- 
 ness or pleasure. Mr. Magruder is a na- 
 tive Washingtonian and a representative 
 business man, having been well and fa- 
 vorably known in business circle since his 
 boyhood. The reputation of the house is 
 due alike to the superiority of his goods 
 and the sterling integrity, business ca- 
 pacity, and acumen of its proprietor. 
 
 Dr. S. B. MUNCASTER, 
 Dentist, 923 F street N. W. 
 The standard of dental surgery, which 
 has been established by the Baltimore 
 College of Denistry, the oldest school 
 in this branch of science in the world, has 
 placed it in rank the most prominent of 
 this class of institutions. Dr. S. B. Mun- 
 caster is among the graduates of this col- 
 lege of the class of 1882. He established 
 himself as a dentist in this city shortly 
 after receiving his diploma, and since has 
 acquired a fine rejmtation as an opera- 
 tive and mechanical dentist. Dr. Mun- 
 caster is a native of the District of Colum- 
 bia, and his well-established reputation 
 has already given him a substantial and 
 growing practice. 
 
 ELLERY C. FORD, 
 Attorney-at-Law and Land Claim Attor- 
 ney, 23 lie Droit B'ldn'g, P. O. Box 416. 
 
 There are two kinds of land claim agents 
 in the District of Columbia, two-thirds of 
 them regular attorneys-at-law, who prac- 
 tice before the United States Supreme 
 Court, the local courts, and Court of 
 Claims, and the balance, or one-third of 
 them, land claim agents for western lands, 
 and who practice before the Secretary of 
 the Interior in the General Land Office. 
 Among the regular attorneys-at-law and 
 land claim agents is Mr. Ellery C. Ford. 
 Mr. Ford was born in Cleveland, Ohio. 
 He served during the war in the 5th, 84th, 
 and 107th Ohio volunteers, and was mus- 
 tered out in 1866 as major and brevet 
 brigadier general. He has been a resi- 
 dent of the District of Columbia since 
 1869. From 1872 to 1878 he was chief 
 of the Mineral Division in the General 
 
94 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 Land Office. Subsequently, he resumed 
 the practice of law in Washington and 
 business connected with the General Land 
 Office. Mr. Ford's specialty is the adju- 
 dication of claims for mines and mineral 
 lands, and decisions relative to mineral 
 contests and patenting mineral lands. Mr. 
 Ford was lately the chief of the Mineral 
 Division in the General Land Office, which 
 has fitted him eminently for the the prose- 
 cution of this present business. 
 
 W. H. TENNEY & SONS, 
 
 Manufacturers and Wholesale Dealers in 
 Flour, etc., Nos. 3513-3525 Water st. 
 
 Among the leading exponents in this 
 department of Washington's industries 
 we find the proprietors of the Capital 
 Mills, West Washington, Messrs. W. H. 
 Tenney & Sons. This well-known firm was 
 established July 1, 1870, under the firm 
 name of W. H. Tenney & Sons. They 
 purchased the mill property, adding 
 thereto two additional run of stone, 
 patent process machinery, and a double 
 set of rolls, increasing the capacity of 
 their mill from 100 to 150 barrels per day 
 of 24 hours. The mill is 42 x 70 feet in 
 dimensions, three stories and attic high, 
 and has six run of stone, two sets of rolls, 
 and ample storage room in adjoining 
 buildings. The mill is run by a water 
 power from Chesapeake and Ohio canal. 
 Kecently they have added to their facili- 
 ties a corn-meal mill, and manufacture 
 corn and rye into meal and flour. 
 
 Mr.Wm.H. Tenney, the senior member, 
 was born in Georgetown, March 13th, 
 1815 ; commenced business in the grocery 
 line in 1836, which he carried on until 
 the formation of the above firm. Mr. 
 Tenney has the distinguished honor of 
 being the oldest merchant in the District 
 of Columbia. 
 
 has here remained since. After leaving 
 Congress he became the chief clerk and 
 acting commissioner of the Pension Office,, 
 which place he filled for a period of four- 
 years ; he then resigned and opened an 
 office and began the prosecuting of the 
 claim business, which he followed for 
 about six years. About six years ago he 
 was commissioned a justice of the peace, 
 which place he has since held. Mr. Hel- 
 mick practiced at the same bar with Chief 
 Justice Carter for a number of years. But 
 not thinking it proper to still practice law 
 after accepting the place of justice of the 
 peace, he has quit the practice. Mr. Hel-- 
 mick is a man of far more than the com- 
 mon measure of intellectual capacity, and 
 his success in life has been such as can be 
 patterned after by the young, as he is in 
 the fullest sense a 'man, and his success- 
 can ever be a guide to the them. 
 
 WILLIAM HELMICK, 
 Justice of Peace, 920 F street. 
 
 Mi'. William Helmick, justice of the 
 peace, was born and educated in Ohio. 
 There he studied law and was admitted 
 to the bar and commenced the practice of 
 law about forty years ago. In 1858 he 
 was elected to Congress and served two 
 terms. On the expiration of his service 
 in Congress he settled in this city, and 
 
 JAMES B. LAMBIE, 
 
 Hardware, Cutlery, and Tools, 1415 N. 
 
 Y. Avenue. 
 
 One of the most notable hardware 
 establishments in the city and complete 
 in every department is that of James B. 
 Lambie, located at 1415 New York ave. 
 The past few years has signally marked 
 the business and commercial interests in 
 this city with enlarged facilities for the 
 transaction of business in almost every 
 department, and especially in those 
 branches pertaining to the hardware and 
 iron trade. The above well-known estab- 
 lishment was founded about three years 
 ago by the present proprietor, who has 
 been connected with the trade in this city 
 for a great many years, formerly being 
 with L. H. Schneider on Pennsylvania 
 avenue. The premises occupied is the 
 elegant new building at the x above num- 
 ber, which is 25 x 100 feet in dimensions 
 and four stories high, finely arranged in 
 all particulars for the proper conducting 
 of the business. The stock is large and 
 consists of shelf hardware of all descrip- 
 tions, tools, cutlery, and everything to be 
 found in a first class hardware store. Mr. 
 Lambie was born in Pennsylvania, and 
 came to Washington in 1865, entering the 
 hardware store of L. H. Schneider as 
 clerk. He has had a long experience in 
 the business, and his success has been 
 gained bv strict attention to business. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 95 
 
 SAMUEL S. SHEDD, 
 
 Gas Fixtures, Plumbing, and Heating, 
 
 409 Ninth Street N. W. 
 
 The extensive ware rooms of this busi- 
 ness house are found on the first floor of 
 Lincoln Hall building, fronting on Ninth 
 street. They occupy an area of 25 by 
 100 feet, with a broad recess in the rear. 
 Mr. Sam'l 8. Shedd, for several years iden- 
 tified with the business part of our com- 
 munity, is widely known as one of Wash- 
 ington's leading authorities in sanitary 
 appliances for ventilating and heating. 
 His long experience, and his minute 
 acquaintance with all the scientific details 
 of his profession, entitle him to the pat- 
 ronage of builders. He makes a specialty 
 of supplying newly erected buildings with 
 all the necessary appliances of the kind, 
 based on the best sanitary principles. 
 
 The store of Mr. Shedd is a museum 
 in itself, as no article of luxury or com- 
 fort, relating to ventilating, heating, or 
 lighting, will be found wanting in exam- 
 ining the stock. Hundreds of the most 
 elegant chandeliers, crystal and metallic, 
 adorn the ceilings, while the stock of 
 lamps, drop lights, globes, furnaces, man- 
 tels, latrobes, etc., is inexhaustible in 
 variety and design. All work done by 
 this house is guaranteed to be first class 
 in all appointments, while the personal 
 attention paid by its head to the faithful 
 execution of all orders entrusted to his 
 care renders satisfaction beyond a reason- 
 able doubt. 
 
 THE EVANS DINING ROOMS, 
 
 C. B. Smith, Proprietor, 922 and 924 F 
 
 Street, N. W. 
 
 It is only since the last six years that 
 Washington has been blessed with the 
 establishment of elegant " dining rooms " 
 at a most reasonable price. To the enter- 
 prising proprietor of the " Evans Dining 
 Rooms," Mr. C. B. Smith, the first move- 
 ment in this line was largely due. As 
 early as 1878 Mr. Smith opened a first- 
 class dining establishment on F street, 
 between 9th and 10th. The business of 
 the house increased so rapidly that larger 
 premises were required, and in 1882 Mr. 
 Smith purchased his present establish- 
 ment, popularly known as indicated in 
 the heading of this article. The first 
 floor is filled with dining tables, and as 
 
 the number of guests daily amounts to 
 from five to six hundred, their capacity 
 is fully taxed, though covering an area 
 of 40 by 140 feet, with a broad recess in 
 the rear. The upper floors have been 
 renovated and refurnished, and are at 
 present arranged as commodious sleeping 
 apartments, with accommodations for 
 sixty guests. Mr. Smith is a life-long 
 resident of the capital, having been con- 
 nected for years with different mercantile 
 pursuits before establishing his present 
 business. 
 
 GIBSON BROS., 
 
 Printers, 1238 Pennsylvania Avenue, 
 Corner Thirteenth Street. 
 
 Among the printing establishments lo- 
 cated in this city, none are more complete 
 than that of Gibson Bros., which is con- 
 ducted under the pei % sonal management 
 of the Messrs. Gibson themselves. The 
 firm consists of the three brothers, Wil- 
 liam, John, and George, formerly of Balti- 
 more, Mel., and was established in this in 
 December, 1862. They occupy the entire 
 building at the southeast corner of loth 
 street and Pennsylvania avenue, contain- 
 ing four spacious floors, connected by 
 elevator for facilitating business through 
 the entire structure. Six huge steam 
 presses of the latest pattern and several 
 hand and proof presses are kept constantly 
 in motion ; the former are worked by 
 steampower located in the rear of the first 
 floor, the engine having a 15-horse power. 
 From 80 to 100 hands are constantly em- 
 ployed in this printing establishment, the 
 majority being compositors of long ex- 
 perience and aj^proved skill. Besides the 
 printing department, the firm have un- 
 equalled facilities for bookbinding and 
 stereotyping. They employ skilled work- 
 men for these purposes. It has secured 
 a liberal share of patronage, coming con- 
 stantly from various localities, not only 
 in this city, but throughout the country. 
 
 C. C. BRYAN, 
 
 Purveyor of Fine Groceries and Table 
 
 Luxuries, 1413 New York Avenue. 
 
 The high character and standing of our 
 leading grocery houses, and the magni- 
 tude and extent of their operations, make 
 the grocery trade of Washington the most 
 noticeable feature of the mercantile ac- 
 
96 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 tivity which characterizes this growing 
 metropolis. Among the largest and most 
 favorably known houses engaged in this 
 trade is that of C. C. Bryan, located at 
 1413 New York avenue. This house was 
 originally established at the corner of 
 15th street and I about ten years ago by 
 the present proprietor, but finding the 
 premises too small for his rapidly-increas- 
 ing business, he removed, in the early 
 part of the j>resent year, to the large and 
 commodious building now occupied by 
 him. The present premises are four 
 stories high and about 25 x 100 feet in 
 dimensions, and the best building in the 
 city used for such a purpose. The busi- 
 ness occupies the entire building, which 
 is finely arranged for displaying the goods 
 and properly conducting the business. 
 Fine teas, coffees, table luxuries, mineral 
 waters, fruits, imported cigars, and the 
 best imported and domestic brands of 
 wines, liquors, and cordials, and every- 
 thing to be found in a strictly first-class 
 grocery house is kept in stock. The busi- 
 ness is large and is constantly increasing, 
 numbering among its patrons the best 
 and most prominent families in the city. 
 
 W. BRUCE GRAY & H. L. PAGE, 
 
 Architects, Rooms 45 and 46 Corcoran 
 
 Building, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Among the architects of this city there 
 are none who enjoy a better reputation 
 than the firm of Gray & Page, and 
 none who merit to a greater degree the 
 support of our community. There are to 
 be found in this city and the States abund- 
 ant evidences of their skill and ability in 
 designing private and public buildings. 
 With natural aptitudes for designing, and 
 close application to study, this firm, in the 
 introduction of the style of the renais- 
 sance blended with the modern, have 
 revolutionized the art. No city can show 
 a more harmonious structure and com- 
 plete interior arrangements than the 
 Metropolitan Club House, corner 17th 
 and H street, which was designed by this 
 firm ; and Richmond Flats, erected by the 
 same firm, is another fine specimen. 
 Though established only since 1879, the 
 firm has succeeded in taking the lead as 
 architects of the highest accomplishments. 
 W. Bruce Gray is a native of New York, 
 where he studied this art under the best 
 
 masters, and has a thorough and practi- 
 cal experience of over 14 years. Mr. H. 
 L. Page, the junior member of the firm, 
 is a native of Washington, where he was 
 educated in his profession. The elegant 
 and extensive offices of the firm are to be 
 found in the Corcoran Building, where a 
 competent force of able assistants are 
 always to be found employed in the differ- 
 ent branches of the business. 
 
 ROBERT O, HOLTZMAN, 
 
 Real Estate Broker and Auctioneer, 
 
 Tenth and F streets N. W. 
 
 It being a fact that the rapid growth of 
 centres of pojmlation is mainly due to the 
 efforts of the enterprising real estate firms, 
 we undoubtedly find the truth of this 
 exemplified in following the results which 
 Mr. Holtzman's energy has brought forth. 
 When, ten years ago, Mr. Holtzman estab- 
 lished himself in business in this city his 
 modest and neat office was sufficient for 
 any ordinary amount of business. Its 
 accumulation and extension were, how- 
 ever, such, that at present the large ground 
 floor of the fine brick structure at the 
 northeast corner of Tenth and F street is 
 hardly adequate for the business. Holtz- 
 man's block, at said corner, is a model of 
 neatness and architectural beauty. The 
 ground floor of this building, conveying 
 an area of 25 by 80 feet, is devoted to the 
 real estate department of this business. 
 
 Mr. Holtzman confines his business 
 chiefly to the District limits, and being a 
 citizen of this District for more than 
 thirty years, has now and deserves the 
 confidence of the community, as few of 
 the active business men have contributed 
 more largely to the wealth and attractions 
 of the Capital. The careful investment 
 of money and the negotiations of loans is 
 a specialty of this house. Mr. Holtzman 
 sells, exchanges, and rents property, and 
 attends with punctuality to anything be- 
 longing to the real estate business in the 
 District, and does not speculate in real 
 estate on his oavu account. 
 
 CHARLES K. READ, Jr., 
 Architect, Corner G and 15th St. N. W. 
 
 The profession of the architect de- 
 servedly occupies a prominent place in 
 Washington, and it has no better exponent 
 than Charles H. Read, Jr., the subject of 
 
WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 97 
 
 this sketch. His business was established 
 in 1877 at the above place where he oc- 
 cupies as office and drawing room two 
 adjoining rooms, beautifully located. 
 Among the more notable specimens of 
 work are R. C. Johnson's private resi- 
 dence, 173") I street ; Stilson Hutchins' 
 residence on Massachusetts avenue : ( loyle 
 building, F and 9th street ; Mr. Geo. T. 
 Dunlop's residence, West Washington, 
 and that of Hon. D. L. Yulee, on Conn. 
 ave. Mr. Read is a native of Richmond, 
 Va., and 38 years of age, and was edu- 
 cated at the University of Virginia. 
 He was for several years engaged as a 
 draughtsman with large Southern man- 
 ufacturing firms, and also in the Super- 
 vising A rchitect's Office, Treasury Depart- 
 ment, Washington, D. C, and had charge 
 of the improvements at the Soldiers' 
 Home previous to opening office here in 
 1877. His architectural designs are re- 
 garded as models of beauty, and evince 
 his ability in this art. 
 
 SIMON WOLF, 
 
 Attorney-at-Law and Insurance, 921 F 
 
 street Northwest. 
 
 Among the many firms representing fire 
 insurance companies in this city, none 
 stands higher or merits a more prominent 
 place than Simon Wolf, who established 
 himself in this business and in the active 
 practice of law in 1878, and occupies the 
 spacious and convenient offices on the first 
 floor of No. 921 F street northwest. He 
 represents strictly first-class companies, as 
 follows: United Firemen's Insurance Co. 
 of Philadelphia, established in 1860, with 
 a cash capital of $300,000. The Niagara 
 Fire Insurance Co. of New 7 York, estab- 
 lished in 1851. The Guardian Assurance 
 Co. of London, which has the largest paid- 
 up capital of any company doing a fire 
 business in this country , with assets amount- 
 ing to 820,000,000. The Phoenix Assur- 
 ance Co. of London, established in 1872, 
 which has losses paid to the amount of 
 $67,000,000. The Transatlantic of Ham- 
 burg, and the Commercial of New York. 
 Besides, Mr. Simon Wolf is the general 
 agent for this city for the " Penu Mutual " 
 Life Insurance Company of Philadelphia, 
 and the Fidelity and Casualty Co. of 
 New York, for accident insurance and 
 corporate sureship (something new in 
 7 
 
 insurance). Mr. Simon Wolf was born 
 in Hinsweiler, Bavaria, Germany, in 1836, 
 and came to the United States at the age 
 of eleven. He spent his early manhood 
 in Ohio, and graduated with high honors 
 from the University of Cleveland, Ohio. 
 He came to Washington in 1862, prac- 
 ticed law, and was appointed recorder of 
 deeds of the District of Columbia in 1869, 
 filling that position most honorably during 
 Gen. Grant's administration, and till 1878. 
 After retiring as recorder, he engaged in 
 the insurance business and the practice of 
 law. In the month of July, 1881, he was 
 appointed by General Garfield consul 
 general of the United States to Egypt, 
 and resigned that responsible position in 
 May, 1882, on account of bad health. 
 Since 1882 Mr. Wolf has devoted 
 much of his attention to the practice of 
 law, being one of the ablest members of 
 the bar of the District of Columbia, and 
 the United States Supreme Court, and 
 to the insurance business, in both which 
 professions he has been so eminently suc- 
 cessful. 
 
 VIRGINIA BRICK COMPANY. 
 Office, 517 Seventh street. 
 
 The business of the manufacturing of 
 brick was established by the Virginia 
 Brick Company in 1882, with the follow- 
 ing incorporators and officers: Lewis 
 ( Ilephane, president ; B. H. Warner, vice- 
 president; W. H. Dempsey, secretary; 
 C. B. Pearson, treasurer, and George W. 
 Pearson. The office and works are situ- 
 ated at Fort Runyon, Alexandria Co., 
 Va., and occupy seven acres of ground. 
 Their branch office is at 517 Seventh 
 street, this city. Employment is given 
 to from 75 to 80 workmen. The works 
 are thoroughly equipped with all the 
 latest improved machinery for the manu- 
 facture of bricks, including the Zeh brick- 
 machine, said to be the best in use. The 
 capacity of this machine is from 30,000 
 to 50,000 bricks daily, and the annual 
 product of the works is about 10,000,000 
 bricks. All kinds of moulded and pressed 
 brick are made. Mr. L. Clephane, the 
 president and manager of the company 
 and owner of patent of Zeh brick machine, 
 was born and educated in Washington. 
 During the war he was the city post- 
 
98 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 master, afterwards was collector of in- 
 ternal revenue, business manager of the 
 National Era, founder of the National 
 Republican, and organized the Washing- 
 ton Brick Machine Co. He is vice- 
 president of the National Savings Bank, 
 director of the Second National Bank. 
 Mr. Clephane gives his personal at- 
 tention to the general management of the 
 business of the Virginia Brick Co. 
 
 A. N. ZEVELY & SON, 
 
 Agents for Mail Contractors, Office No. 
 
 637 F street Northwest. 
 
 Prominent among those deserving the 
 highest commendation as business men is 
 the staunch firm of A. N. Zevely & Son, 
 agents for mail contractors and post- 
 masters, whose office is located at 637 F 
 street northwest. Here in convenient 
 quarters they watch over the interests of 
 their many patrons who reside in every 
 State and Territory in the union. Their 
 duties are confined to the Post Office De- 
 partment, and they attend to all business 
 with the least possible delay, and to utilize 
 to the utmost their complete familiarity 
 with its usages. Their whole time and 
 attention is devoted to the prompt and 
 faithful discharge of their special duties, 
 and they refer with pride to their record 
 of fifteen years. Mr. A. N. Zevely, the 
 senior member of the firm, was born in 
 North Carolina in 1813, and resided there 
 until 1834. Having then finished his 
 education, he removed to Washington, 
 where for twenty-five years he was clerk 
 in the Post Office Department, and for 
 ten years Third Assistant Postmaster 
 General. Mr. H. B. Zevely was born 
 and educated in Washington, and was 
 admitted into the firm in 1879. This 
 business of agents for mail contracts was 
 originated by Mr. A. N. Zevely in 1869, 
 and is now under his fostering care in a 
 flourishing condition. 
 
 House 
 
 C. L. SAERS, 
 Mover and Raiser, 1913 New 
 Hampshire Avenue. 
 
 Among the industries of the city is that 
 of raising and moving of houses, and the 
 leading man in this employment is Mr. 
 C. L. Saers, whose place is 1913 New 
 Hampshire avenue. Mr. Saers estab- 
 lished himself in this business in this city 
 
 in 1865. He gives employment to from 
 7 to 60 workmen, according to the season 
 and contracts on hand. Having all the 
 most modern appliances and machinery 
 for the business, he is prepared at all 
 times to move or raise any kind of build- 
 ing, safes, stone, or any heavy or un- 
 wieldy substance, and guarantees good 
 work at all times. Mr. Saers was born 
 and educated in New Jersey, and came 
 to this city in 1865. At the breaking- 
 out of the rebellion he enlisted in the 
 Second New York cavalry, known as 
 Harris' light cavalry, and serving three 
 years with that organization, making a 
 meritorious and honorable record. He 
 served with equal distinction for a period 
 of three years in the United States Navy, 
 and his record as a soldier and a sailor 
 is one of pride to him and to his many 
 friends. Since his residence in Washing- 
 ton he has been closely identified with its 
 industrial interests, and has built up an 
 industry that, in its line, is of great bene- 
 fit to the city as well as being substanti- 
 ally so to him. 
 
 G. T. DUNLOP, 
 Manufacturer of the Maximum Fertil- 
 izer, etc., S. W. cor, M & 32d streets. 
 
 The fertility of the American soil is a 
 theme of universal admiration, but the 
 fact must not be overlooked that the soil, • 
 rich and fertile as it is, is dependent in a 
 great measure for its productiveness upon 
 the excellence of our American fertilizers. 
 Among the best and most popular manu- 
 factured in this section of the country, if 
 not in the United States, are the fertilize 
 manufactured by Mr. G. T. Dunlop. Th 
 business was established in 1870. Tl 
 premises are convenient and well adapte 
 to the business, being 30 x 44 feet in d 
 mensions, with three stories and a base- 
 ment ; also two large warehouses, being 
 50 x 100 feet and 50 x 250 feet in dimen- 
 sions, respectively. Employment is given 
 to sixty workmen, and a number of dif- 
 ferent brands of fertilizers are made ; but 
 the special brand, " The Maximum," takes 
 the lead, it having been pronounced by 
 scientific men to be possessed of superior 
 merit, and practical tillers of the soil 
 throughout the country have given it 
 their highest endorsement. Among other 
 fertilizers handled by this house we men- 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 99 
 
 tion, Peruvian gunape, lobos guanos, am- 
 moniated bone, super-phosphate, am- 
 moniated dissolved bone, acid phosphate, 
 and pure fine-ground bone. A large and 
 fine stock of every kind of agricultural 
 implements is always to be found in his 
 warehouse, and he is agent for many of 
 the latest and most improved implements 
 and farm machinery. Among which are 
 Easterly twine binder, of which he is 
 the general agent, and the Syracuse 
 chilled plow, of which he is also the agent 
 in general ; also the Syracuse sulky plow. 
 Mr. Dunlop was born in Frederick Co., 
 Maryland, in 1845, and was educated 
 there ; came to Georgetown in 1860. He 
 is one of the most useful and popular citi- 
 zens of the District. 
 
 EDWARD GODEY, 
 
 Manufacturer of Lime, Twenty-seventh 
 
 and L streets. 
 
 Among the most conspicuous industries 
 which have given character to the city of 
 Washington, is the establishment of Edw'd 
 Godey, manufacturer of lime, and known 
 as the Washington Lime Kilns. This 
 business was established in 1854 by Mr. 
 Wm. H. Godey, and now carried on by 
 his son, Edward Godey. The premises are 
 both large and well arranged, being 500 
 feet on east side of 27th street and 500 
 feet on L street ; employment is given to 
 25 workmen ; the works are conveniently 
 located near the canal and river, by which 
 sources the stone used in this business is 
 obtained, which comes from uear Harper's 
 Ferry, and is landed by machinery at 
 their place. This is the oldest limekiln 
 in the District, and is the result of the 
 first enterprise of the kind started here. 
 The trade is very large and constantly 
 increasing, and reaches all parts of the 
 District, Maryland, and North Carolina. 
 Their business also embraces wood-burnt 
 lime, cement, plaster, and hair. The 
 capacity of the "works are 2,000 barrels of 
 lime weekly, and surpasses all others in 
 the quality of whiteness, yielding and 
 working cool. The Government and all 
 the leading merchants here will use no 
 other, being burned in improved kilns 
 and by wood. Mr. Godey is a native of 
 Georgetown, and is a young and euter 
 prising business man, enjoying the confi 
 dence of all who know him. 
 
 DOUBLEDAY & BLISS, 
 
 Attorneys and Solicitors of Patents, 
 
 715 H street Northwest. 
 
 The representative firm of Doubleday 
 & Bliss is the continuation of the house 
 of H. H. Doubleday, which was establised 
 in this city in 1873. The business was 
 carried on by this gentleman till 1879, in 
 which year the firm name was changed 
 to Doubleday and Bliss, as which it has 
 attained a wide-spread and extensive 
 patronage. The firm attend to any and 
 every thing relating to the application 
 and the prosecution of the issue of effec- 
 tive and valid patents, for the United 
 States and all foreign countries where 
 patent-laws exist. They practise before 
 the courts of the United States Patent 
 Office, in rejected or infringement cases. 
 Mr. H. H. Doubleday, the senior member 
 of the firm, has had sixteen years expe- 
 rience in the patent business, and, as 
 such, is minutely acquainted with the 
 intricate records of the United States 
 Patent Office, an accomplishment so ne- 
 cessary for a successful prosecution of the 
 business. Mr. Bliss, who is a graduate 
 of the Columbia Law School of the 
 District of Columbia, is an attorney of 
 aeknoAvledged ability and tact, a member 
 of the bar of the District, and a success- 
 ful practitioner before the United States 
 courts and the Departments. 
 
 O. H. BRIGHT-WELL, 
 Dentist, 1227 Pennsylvania Avenue, 
 
 Among the prominent members of the 
 profession of dentistry in Washington is 
 O. H. Brightwell, of 1227 Pennsylvania 
 avenue. His practice was established in 
 1868, since which time it has grown to be 
 one of leading prominence, as he is a be- 
 liever in keeping up with the advance- 
 ment of the operative and mechanical 
 branches of the art. His parlors and 
 operating rooms are neat and comforta- 
 ble. His practice is principally confined 
 to Washington and its immediate sur- 
 roundings, and does a general practice, 
 which is on the increase. Dr. Bright- 
 well was born and educated in Washing- 
 ton, and has been a leader in maintaining 
 a high standard in his practice, and thus 
 aiding in the advancement of his chosen 
 profession. 
 
100 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 B. L. WHEELER, 
 Market Store, corner 18th and K. 
 The more western of the northern por- 
 tion of the city is making rapid strides in 
 the way of building and settling with 
 good families, and, therefore, many fine 
 business houses are being located in that 
 section. Among the more prominent is 
 the well known and reliable house of B. 
 L. Wheeler, located at the corner of 18th 
 and K streets. This location is exception- 
 ally good, being at the intersection of two 
 prominent and fashionable streets, and 
 occupying premises 30 x 80 feet in dimen- 
 sions, and well arranged for conducting 
 the business and properly displaying the 
 stock. Employment is given to five first- 
 class assistants, who thoroughly under- 
 stand how to manage the business in all 
 its branches. The house was established 
 about twelve years ago by the present 
 proprietor, and by his energy and enter- 
 prise he soon placed it on a footing with 
 the best in the city. Fine fiimily and 
 staple and fancy groceries and provisions 
 of all kinds, farm products, and the finest 
 brands of wines, liquors, cigars and to- 
 bacco, can always be found in stock. Mr. 
 Wheeler was born in Washington county, 
 Maryland, in 1848, and came to Wash- 
 ington in 1866, and is an enterprising 
 business man, who has been connected 
 with the commercial pursuits of the city 
 since manhood. His success has been 
 gained by his own unaided efforts, and 
 by his strict adherence to the highest 
 principles of commercial integrity. 
 
 PROF. HARTVIG NISSEN, 
 
 Massage and Swedish Movement Cure, 
 
 522 Tenth Street N. W. 
 
 "^Every one admits that it is wiser and 
 better to prevent an evil while it is in 
 one's power to do so, than to remedy it 
 afterwards. The Swedish system of gym- 
 nastics, simply calculated to assist nature 
 in j its work, is always useful, however 
 varying the circumstances may be. The 
 Swedish movement cure and Massage are 
 getting to be recognized as one of the 
 leading and potent remedies of the pres- 
 ent age, and one of the most prominent 
 men in this profession in America is Prof. 
 Hartvig Nissen, of this city. He was 
 born and educated at Christiania, Nor- 
 way, and then passed through a regular 
 
 and scientific course of training as a 
 teacher and practical operator of Massage 
 and Swedish gymnastics. Daring the ill- 
 ness resulting from his injuries the past 
 spring, General Grant was treated by 
 Prof. Nissen and was eminently success- 
 ful, and received from him an autograph 
 testimonial of the great benefits he de- 
 rived from the treatment. Prof. Nissen 
 came to Washington about one year ago 
 from Norway, and from the first opening 
 of his office has met with eminent success. 
 At his institute he has lady and gentle- 
 men assistants who thoroughly understand 
 the work required. Prof. Nissen is 
 thoroughly reliable, and the afflicted 
 should call on him and inspect his meth- 
 ods. All chronic diseases and deformities, 
 fractures, sprains, and so forth, are treated 
 scientifically and with great success. 
 
 PETTIT & DRIPPS' IRON WORKS, 
 
 Founders, Machinists & Boiler Makers. 
 
 Office cor. 14th & B sts. N. W. 
 
 Conspicuous among the industries of 
 Washington are the spacious works of 
 Pettit & Dripps, situated at the corner of 
 14th and B streets N. W., where they 
 established their iron works in 1873, and 
 occupy 22,000 square feet of ground. A 
 23 horse-power engine is used, and they 
 employ from 60 to 75 hands in the differ- • 
 ent departments of the business. Their 
 works are considered among the finest 
 equipped iron works in the city ; they re- 
 ceive proposals for all kinds of iron work, 
 and are prepared to fill them promptly. 
 Mr. Smith Pettit is a native of New 
 York, and is a practical mechanic, being 
 thoroughly versed in his trade. Mr. 
 James Dripps is a native of Philadelphia, 
 and is a practical foundryman. Both 
 gentlemen were foremen in their res- 
 pective departments for Messrs. Win. 
 M. Ellis & Bro. for a period of ten years 
 each previous to starting their own suc- 
 cessful works. 
 
 PARET & WHITTINGTON, 
 
 Booksellers, Stationers, and Engravers, 
 1221 Pennsylvania Ave. 
 
 One of the most reliable and substan- 
 tial engraving, stationery, and book 
 houses in this city is that of Messrs. Paret 
 & Whittington, 1221 Pennsylvania ave. 
 The firm dates its inception from 1879, 
 
WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 101 
 
 and since that time it has grown and 
 flourished, until now it is one of the lead- 
 ing houses in its line in this city. The 
 premises occupied are two floors 15 x 70 
 feet in dimensions, elegantly and conve- 
 niently fitted up. They are prepared to 
 execute all styles of card, wedding, and 
 reception engraving in the best manner. 
 Monograms and crests neatly designed 
 and executed. Superfine writing papers 
 in all the fashionable colors ; Marcus 
 Ward & Co.'s royal linen papers, and 
 other popular brands, beside the thousand 
 and one things which comprises the stock 
 of such a store are kept in large stock 
 and variety. Letter files, cabinets, sou- 
 veuirs, and blank books are made to 
 order, and books bound in any style de- 
 sired. J. F. Paret and J. L. Whittington 
 are the individual members of the firm. 
 Mr. Paret was born and educated in New 
 York and came to this city eight years 
 ago. By the exercise of great commer- 
 cial ability and financeering, combined 
 with a straight forward system of dealing, 
 the firm of Paret & Whittington have 
 attained a prominence accorded to few in 
 the great commercial world. 
 
 WASHINGTON BRASS -WORKS, 
 
 "William H. Douglas, Proprietor, 1212 D 
 
 street N. W. 
 
 Among the more promineut of our 
 young business men is William H. Doug- 
 las, the proprietor of the Washington 
 Brass Works. These works were estab- 
 lished in 1871, and occupy shops 33 x 75 
 feet in dimensions, two stories high, and 
 thoroughly equipped with all the ma- 
 chinery and material necessary for his 
 extensive business. He has a 120 horse 
 power engine for motor, and employs from 
 6 to 12 workmen. He manufactures all 
 kinds of nicle-plated and brass and silver 
 work, plumbers and gas fitters' supplies. 
 Is agent for Cabell and Schafer's patent 
 lubricator for steam engines, and B. M. 
 Schermerhorn's excelsior boiler fluids for 
 the removal and prevention of scales in 
 steam boilers, saving in fuel and lessening 
 the danger of explosions. Mr. Douglas 
 is a native of Liverpool, England, where 
 he learned the trade, serving an appren- 
 ticeship of seven years, and was afterward 
 for several years the foreman for an ex- 
 tensive brass works; came to New York 
 
 in 1869, where he was engaged several 
 years, Avhen he came to Washington, and 
 went into the employ of Sommerville & 
 Leach, where he occupied the position of 
 foreman, which position he retained one 
 year, when he withdrew from their employ 
 and established a business of his own, as 
 above mentioned. 
 
 C. B. GRAHAM, 
 Lithographer and Engraver, 1230 Penn- 
 sylvania Avenue. 
 
 In the foremost rank in this branch of 
 American enterprise stands the energetic 
 proprietor of the above-named establish- 
 ment. It was founded 45 years age . and 
 is without doubt the oldest lithographic 
 printing house in the United States. Mr. 
 C. B. Graham began his business as the 
 successor to his father, who established 
 the original business in 1839. The premi- 
 ses occupied by him at his present loca- 
 tion are 40 x 100 feet in dimensions, and 
 employment is given to from 4 to 20, al- 
 though at times as many as 100 have been 
 employed. All kinds of lithographic and 
 engraving work is done, the most of it for 
 the Government, and consists of maps, 
 charts, &c. Mr. Graham was born and 
 educated in Virginia, but is practically a 
 native of Washington. His establish- 
 ment turns out as fine specimens of work 
 in printing, lithographing, and engraving 
 as can be found. 
 
 OTTO L. WOLFSTEINER, 
 
 Cornice and Skylight Works, 1206 D 
 
 Street N. W. 
 
 Otto L. Wolfsteiner, galvanized cor- 
 nice and skylight works. This business 
 was established in 1876, in South Wash- 
 ington, but afterwards removed to the 
 more commodious warehouse 1206 D str. 
 N. YV\, where he employs from 20 to 30 
 men. Mr. Wolfsteiner is a native of New 
 Jersey and came to Washington at the 
 age of three years, Eleven years of his 
 early life were spent as an architect and 
 engineer under Adolf Cluss & Co. of 
 
102 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 Washington, District of Columbia, includ- 
 ing a year's study trip throughout Europe. 
 With the introduction of galvanized work 
 in the city he took an active interest in 
 its developement, and devoted his energy 
 and skill towards adapting sheet metal 
 decoration to the best possible advantage. 
 After having practically mastered the 
 technical details of the new trade he was 
 employed for three years as superinten- 
 dant of the new National Cornice Works, 
 afterwards started out for himself, and 
 has since successfully executed work on 
 nearly all the prominent buildings that 
 adorn Washington, besides numerous con- 
 tracts for public buildings in the adjoining 
 States of Maryland, Pennsylvania, and 
 Virginia. A specialty is made of ventila- 
 tion and skylight work. 
 
 THOS. O. HILLS, D. D. S., 
 
 Dental Office, corner 12th street and 
 Pennsylvania avenue. 
 
 Dr. Hills stands deservedly high in the 
 profession and practice of denistry. He 
 established his profession in 1854, since 
 which time he has had large experience 
 and enjoys a liberal and increasing prac- 
 tice. His offices, at the corner of Twelfth 
 street and Pennsylvania avenue, are com- 
 modious and handsomely fitted up, and 
 have all the latest paraphernalia used in 
 the profession. Anaesthetics are used with 
 the best effect in extracting teeth, while 
 he makes every description of artificial 
 teeth, set in gold, silver, and platinum. 
 Dr. Hills was born in Alexandria, Va., 
 in 1833, and was educated in Virginia 
 and Massachusetts. Adjoining the parlors 
 of Dr. Hills his two sons are following 
 the same profession, both of whom are 
 graduates of Baltimore College of Dental 
 Surgery, and by their skill and knowledge 
 have established a fine reputation. 
 
 CHARLES J. GOOCH, 
 
 Patent Attorney, St. Cloud Building, 
 Lock Box 76. 
 
 Mr. Charles J. Gooch, who has his offi- 
 ces on the third floor of the St. Cloud 
 Building, has had a life-long experience 
 in m echanics and the soliciting of patents 
 for inventions in Great Britain and other 
 foreign countries and in this country. He 
 is a mechanical expert, in the full accepta- 
 tion of that term. And, though solicit- 
 
 ing patents in all departments, lie pays 
 especial attention to the protection of in- 
 volutions abroad, the prosecution of re- 
 jected applications, making investigations 
 as to the novelty of inventions and the 
 scope and validity of patents, and the 
 conducting of contested cases. A minute 
 study of all the details of these branches 
 for more than twenty years has placed 
 him in the lead of the experts in that line. 
 Mr. Gooch practices before the United 
 States Patent Office and the courts, and 
 his life-long experience has made him an 
 eminent attorney for the prosecution of 
 infringements and contested cases, and 
 the conducting of interferences, and as 
 such he is consulted from all parts of the 
 country. 
 
 CLARKE & GIVEN, 
 
 Dealers in Coal and Wood, 424 Tenth 
 
 Street N. W. 
 
 Not the least important branch of trade 
 and one deserving special mention in the 
 present volume is the wood and coal trade. 
 When Washington City was but a village 
 the only extensive* business of the kind 
 was oAvned by J. S. Harvey, a wealthy 
 and respected citizen of that time. He 
 laid the foundation of the present pros- 
 perous house of Clarke & Given. The 
 firm has controlled the coal market of 
 this city for more than half a century. 
 The firm occupy two extensive yards in 
 the very center of the business section of 
 the city, located at 424 10th street N. W. 
 and at the northeast corner of 12th and 
 C streets. The depot and extensive 
 wharves of the firm are located at the 
 corner of 8th and Water streets S. W., 
 telephonic communication being estab- 
 lished between that and the various 
 offices. The individual members of the 
 firm are H. A. Clarke and John T. Given, 
 both natives and life-long residents of the 
 District of Columbia. From his boyhood 
 up John T. Given has been identified with 
 the growth and history of the District; 
 only a few years ago he was prominent as 
 the popular candidate of the people for 
 mayor of Washington, to which office he 
 was really elected, but was not allowed to 
 take his seat, receiving the largest popular 
 vote ever given to a candidate. 
 
 He was an active member of the old 
 city council, and was very prominent in 
 
WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 103 
 
 the movement which has finally rid the 
 city of its enormous debt of $30,000,000. 
 Mr. Given has always been the people's 
 champion and was repeatedly elected to 
 the city council. He was also chairman 
 of the board of aldermen. Mr. Given is 
 also a well-known philanthropist and is 
 identified with about twenty different 
 benevolent enterprises. He has been 
 treasurer of the Odd Fellows Relief As- 
 sociation since its organization, and trea- 
 surer of the camp for over forty yerrs. 
 -He also manages many estates which are 
 entrusted to his care, which he has ever 
 looked after as a most sacred trust. 
 
 Mr. Given also has the honor of sug- 
 gesting the first idea of having a regularly 
 paid and organized steam fire department 
 for this city, and has in his possession to- 
 day the original document drawn up for 
 its formation. 
 
 M. BRIEL, 
 
 Manufacturer and Wholesale Dealer in 
 
 Candies, 417 Ninth Street. 
 
 One of the most prominent and exten- 
 sive houses in this branch in Washington 
 is that of M. Briel, located at 417 Ninth 
 street. The business was established in 
 1854 by the present proprietor, and dur- 
 ing all this time he has been actively con- 
 nected with the business, and has taken a 
 leading rank and built up an extensive 
 business. The sales are extensive, the 
 trade done taking a wide range over the 
 District and surrounding country. The 
 premises occupied are 20 x 100 feet in di- 
 mensions, and thoroughly and well ar- 
 ranged for the proper manner of con- 
 ducting the manufacturing of candies. 
 The stock manufactured and carried is 
 composed of a full assortment of the 
 choicest candies, plain and fancy. Em- 
 ployment is given to six competent candy 
 makers, who are engaged for their 
 thorough knowledge. The candy manu- 
 factured by this house is noted for its 
 purity and the excellence of its flavor, 
 which, in the days of adulteration, is a 
 desideratum. Mr. Briel was born in 
 Germany in 1817, and was there educated ; 
 came to America in 1838, and since com- 
 mencing his business in this city has had 
 the satisfaction of seeing it grow to its 
 present proportions. 
 
 JOSEPH GAWLER, 
 Undertaking Establishment, 1726 Penn- 
 sylvania avenue. 
 
 Whenever the services of an experi- 
 enced house are required in anything per- 
 taining to undertaking, none better and 
 more complete can be found in the Dis- 
 trict than Mr. Joseph Gawler's, centrally 
 located, as mentioned in this heading. 
 The house was established by its present 
 proprietor in 1850, in the same vicinity 
 where it is located at present. Mr. Gaw- 
 ler's establishment is one of the oldest of 
 the kind in the District, and his reputa- 
 tion as an efficient and decorous manager 
 of the largest or most humble funerals is 
 well knoAvn. For the embalming and 
 preserving of bodies he is second to none 
 in his profession. Mr. Gawler personally 
 takes care of the entire management of 
 all the details connected with the under- 
 taking business. His social and business 
 standing in the District is of the highest 
 character, and the Well-known decorum 
 with which he discharges his painful du- 
 ties have attracted an extensive and most 
 respectable patronage to his establish- 
 ment. 
 
 F. M. BARLOW, 
 Art Gallery, 1225 Penn. Ave. N. W, 
 A native of England, Mr. Barlow es- 
 tablished himself in Washington in 1853, 
 occupying then his modest quarters oppo- 
 site his present location. Being an artist 
 of refined taste himself, Mr. Barlow had 
 no difficulty in gaining his way to success 
 in a city where art and science congre- 
 gate as frequently as in Washington. A 
 visit to Mr. Barlow's gallery is at all times 
 interesting, as the finest pieces of work 
 accumulate in his rooms outside of the 
 regular stock, which is always large. Mr. 
 Barlow is an expert in restoring pictures, 
 and eight of the large pictures exhibited 
 in the Rotunda of the Capitol have re- 
 cently been through his hands, and the 
 skill with which the work has been accom- 
 plished is remarkable. The manufacture 
 of frames, after patterns or free-handed, 
 is a specialty of Mr. Barlow^ enterpris- 
 ing establishment. Employing only the 
 best of skilled labor, he is sure to give 
 satisfaction to the many patrons who con- 
 fide their art treasures to his care for re- 
 storing and preservation. 
 
104 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 DR. M. F. FINLEY, 
 Dentist. Office 1929 Pa. Ave. 
 
 Among those devoted to this profession 
 who have entered into the era of activity 
 and advancement, we find Dr. M. F. Fin- 
 ley, dentist, of 1929 Pennsylvania avenue, 
 Avho ranks among those of the progressive 
 school. Dr. Finley commenced the prac- 
 tice of dentistry in 1876, after receiving 
 a diploma from the Dental Department of 
 the University of Michigan. He has 
 pleasant and finely fitted up parlors and 
 operating rooms at his present location, 
 and is thoroughly equipped with all the 
 modern appliances for the successful treat- 
 ment of the teeth. He pays special at- 
 tention to preservation of the natural 
 teeth, the filling of and extracting decayed 
 ones, and the making of partial or full sets 
 of artificial ones, and the regulation of un- 
 even teeth ; anesthetics are used with safety 
 and scientific skill. Dr. Finley 's practice 
 is mostly in Washington and vicinity, 
 and especially at Woodstock College, 
 Howard Co., Maryland, where he has a 
 large practice. He was born in Michigan 
 in 1856, and was there educated, and 
 came to Washington in 1881, since which 
 time he has, by his studious habits in the 
 progressive branch of the science, built 
 up a fine practice. 
 
 J. C. ERGOOD & CO., 
 
 "Wholesale Grocers, etc., 915 La. Ave. & 
 918-920 C st. bet. 9th & 10th sts. 
 
 In 1873 this house was established un- 
 der the firm name which heads this article, 
 and has been doing business under the 
 same name since. The individual mem- 
 bers are J. C. Ergood, Julius Hiigle, and 
 C. C. Homer, all young and active busi- 
 ness men, Avell and favorably known in 
 the business community. Mr. Ergood is 
 a native of Washington, where he was 
 raised and educated in a practical business 
 training. Mr. Julius Hiigle is a native 
 of Elsace, and came to Washington in 
 early manhood, and through his business 
 qualifications soon was well-known in 
 commercial circles. Mr. C. C. Homer, 
 the third member of the firm, is a native 
 of Baltimore, Maryland, where he is ex- 
 tensively connected in business circles. 
 He engaged as an active member of the 
 firm of J. C. Ergood & Co. in 1881. The 
 house transacts an exclusively wholesale 
 
 business in groceries and liquors. The 
 extensive warerooms are located at 915 
 Louisiana 'avenue and 918 and 920 C 
 street N. W. ; they occupy the three floors 
 of the numbers mentioned, each covering 
 an area of 30 by 150 feet. The firm are 
 the sole agents for the District of Colum- 
 bia for the snow drift family and extra 
 flour, a brand favorably known among 
 house keepers and bakers. They have 
 the sole agency for the Alden fruit vinegar, 
 which is recognized as the purest and best 
 of the kind. Thomas' celebrated laundry 
 blue reaches the market in this city 
 through the agency of this house. The 
 firm make a specialty of the wholesale 
 liquor trade, and constantly keep on' hand 
 a large stock of old and pure whiskies. 
 
 T. H. ALEXANDER, 
 
 Solicitor and Attorney-at-Law in 
 
 Patent Causes, 607 Seventh st. 
 
 The first step in seeking to protect an 
 invention is to have a rigid preliminary 
 examination made, and on the result of 
 this fortunes are often dependent. To se- 
 cure the service of an able counselor for 
 that purpose is of paramount interest, and 
 no better establishment can be found in 
 this city for such services than the old- 
 established house of T. H. Alexander, 
 solicitor and counselor in patent causes, 
 located at 607 Seventh street, opposite the 
 United States Patent Office. Mr. Alex- 
 ander has all facilities for the making of 
 examinations and the preparing of opin- 
 ions relating to infringements, validity, 
 and scope of patents, caveats, designs, 
 labels, trade-marks, etc., while a specialty 
 is made of the procurement of patents for 
 foreign countries. He has had probably 
 the longest practice in that respect in this 
 city. Mr. Alexandria's patent practice in 
 this city dates back nearly a quarter of a 
 century ; the experience he has gathered 
 in that period is a guarantee to all who 
 trust their affairs to his care. For infor- 
 mation on patent matters, inventors will 
 find it to their benefit to forward stamp to 
 him for a copy of a pamphlet published 
 by him, entitled " Hints to Inventors." 
 The information derived from its contents 
 is manifold, and covering many cases by 
 which unnecessary correspondence and 
 fees are prevented. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 105. 
 
 LOUIS D. MELINE, 
 Artist. 82 Corcoron Building, 15th st. 
 
 Mr. Meline entered into his profession 
 in 1878, and since then has devoted his 
 time and talent exclusively to it. He 
 was born in St. Louis, Missouri, and edu- 
 cated at Georgetown College, West Wash- 
 ington. He is a near relative to the late 
 celebrated writer James F. Meline. Mr. 
 Meline makes a specialty of still life and 
 gengre painting. Pie has done some fine 
 work in this line, one in particular which 
 was hung on the line at the New York 
 Academy, which was a great compliment 
 to so young an artist. In Mr. Meline's 
 work will be discovered a remarkable in- 
 dividuality and character that makes his 
 work conspicuous, and which promises to 
 place him among the leading artists of 
 our country. His work shows faithful 
 and conscientious study, and close appli- 
 cation, qualities which will win. He is 
 engaged in teaching, and has a large 
 number of pupils, among which are re- 
 presentatives of some of the leading fami- 
 lies of the city and District. 
 
 The studio, collection of bric-a-brac, 
 drapery, old arms, and furniture, makes 
 it the handsomest one in the city, and 
 shows his exquisite taste. 
 
 G. S. KRAFFT, 
 
 Baker and Confectioner, Southeast cor. 
 
 Penn. Ave. and 18th street. 
 
 Mr. G. S. Krafft & Son, bakers and 
 confectioners, on the southeast corner of 
 Pennsylvania avenue and 18th street, are 
 among our foremost manufacturers in 
 their line. Mr. Krafft is a native of Ger- 
 many, fifty-eight years of age. Pie came 
 to Washington at the age of six years, 
 and was apprenticed for a period of ten 
 years at his trade, thereby learning it 
 thoroughly and well. He then for a pe- 
 riod of 15 years Avas with an uncle on 
 12th and F streets. Afterwards estab- 
 lishing himself in business at the above 
 location in 1850, in which he is ably as- 
 sisted by his son, Clarence Krafft, a native 
 Washingtonian, and a young man of ex- 
 ecutive ability and fine business qualifica- 
 tions. They occupy the entire building, 
 56 x 120 feet in dimensions, three stories 
 and basement, with store room and office 
 attached 20 x 24 feet, having a telephone 
 attachment. The bake room is 25 x 40 
 
 feet, with furnaces, ovens, and other neces- 
 sary paraphernalia. They employ 13 
 hands and 6 wagons in their business.. 
 They manufacture bread and pies. 
 Krafft's family bread, Boston brown 
 bread, tea biscuit, dinner rolls, and French 
 bread, a full supply of confections being 
 constantly kept on hand, and manufac- 
 tured when necessity compels. Their fa- 
 cilities for handling goods with despatch 
 are unexcelled, and the firm is one of the 
 very foremost in the city. 
 
 A. C. JENKINS, 
 
 Patent, Land, and U. S. Claim Attorney, 
 
 607 Louisiana Avenue. 
 
 To guide inventors and discoveres men- 
 tion is made of the well-known and 
 reliable patent attorney named at the- 
 heading of this article. Mr. Jenkins es- 
 tablished his business in this city in 1877, 
 and has since made a specialty of the pro- 
 curement of patents, and adheres invari- 
 ably to his practice of personally prepar- 
 ing all specifications, to insure the grant 
 of valid patents, fully covering all points 
 in each invention. His minute acquaint- 
 ance with the records of the U. S. Patent 
 Office and of the patent laws guarantees 
 satisfaction in that respect. His uninter- 
 rupted practice of seven years has given 
 him an experience invaluable to himself 
 and to his clients. Rejected and infringe- 
 ment cases may therefore safely be en- 
 trusted to his care when there is merit in 
 the inventions. Besides the patent busi- 
 ness, Mr. A. C. Jenkins has an extensive 
 practice in general land practice and 
 claims pending before the Executive De- 
 partments, and has been very successful 
 in land and claim cases of great import- 
 ance. He is a native of Franklin, Ken- 
 tucky, and a graduate of the Columbia 
 Law School of this city, and ranks fore- 
 most among the older and prominent 
 members of his difficult profession. 
 
 NORRIS PETERS, 
 Photo-Lithographer, No. 458 Pennsyl- 
 vania Avenue N. W. 
 
 In the foremost rank of our industries 
 and first in this branch of enterprise stands 
 the energetic and persevering proprietor 
 of the above establishment, Mr. Norri» 
 Peters. Mr. Peters established his busi- 
 ness in 1869, at 458 Pennsylvania avenue., 
 
106 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 ■where he occupies premises 50 x 130 feet 
 in dimensions, and two stories high, using 
 presses and other material in this line of 
 the finest quality, affording every facility 
 for conducting this important enterprise 
 on the largest scale. He gives employ- 
 ment to upwards of fifty hands; the stock 
 of the house is heavy, and the prosperous 
 and increasing business far surpasses any 
 similar enterprise in the country. Maps, 
 charts, drawing, and manuscripts are exe- 
 cuted in the finest manner. His work 
 being of such superiority that the house 
 is employed extensively by the United 
 ■States Government. 
 
 Mr. Peters was born in Pennsylvania, 
 and was there educated, and is a gentle- 
 man who well deserves the large business 
 •of this establishment. 
 
 ALBRIGHT & CO., 
 
 Wholesale Coal Dealers, Ninth and F 
 
 streets. 
 
 Washington city's proximity to the coal 
 fields of Pennsylvania and Maryland, and 
 its easy accessibility by rail and water, 
 have made it a general distributing cen- 
 ter for the wholesale trade in this line. 
 As many of the dealers have no facilities 
 to order directly from the mines, a house 
 like Albright & Co.'s fills a long-felt want 
 in this community. The firm consists of 
 Mr. J. J.Albright, Jr., a native and well- 
 known business man of Pennsylvania, and 
 Mr. W. E. Barker, a gentleman favora- 
 bly known for his familiarity with the 
 -coal trade. The firm has been operating 
 in this city for many years. Their offices 
 are in the St. Cloud Building. It will 
 be to the interest of the many retail deal- 
 ers in coal of this city to acquaint them- 
 selves with the superior facilities this 
 house possesses to deliver coal of any kind, 
 in any quantity, promptly and satisfac- 
 torily. 
 
 C. CHRISTIANS 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Druggist, 484 
 
 Pennsylvania Avenue. 
 
 Mr. Christiani is among the oldest and 
 best known druggists in Washington. He 
 aviis born in Germany, where he studied 
 pharmacy, and has been in the business 
 since 1845. He established himself at 
 484 Pennsylvania avenue in 1850, nearly 
 thirty years ago. His sales store is 25 x 
 
 40 feet in size, where the general drug- 
 business and the compounding of ~pve- 
 scriptions is conducted. He carries a 
 large and well-assorted stock of drugs, 
 chemicals, fancy goods, toilet articles, etc., 
 and has three employees. Exclusive of 
 his retail business he has a considerable 
 wholesale trade. He occupies three rooms 
 in the rear of his store for the preparation 
 and packing of several proprietary medi- 
 cines. Mr. Christiani commenced in a 
 small way a business which has now de- 
 veloped into a large and remunerative 
 trade. He exercises a close attention to 
 his business — driving it and not allowing 
 it to drive him — and is a very affable and 
 courteous gentleman toward all who have 
 business transactions with him. 
 
 T. J. FISHER, 
 Artist, 114 Corcoran Building. 
 
 This gentleman commenced the practice 
 of his profession in the year 1852, and 
 almost imediately took rank among the 
 leading American artists. His special 
 forte is portrait and genere work, although 
 he is one of the finest workers in crayon 
 in this country. Among the works of 
 this artist that have attained celebrity we 
 mention but three, viz. : "Christ lament- 
 ing over Jerusalem," " Bachanalian Re- 
 vels," and full length portrait of Mr. * 
 Miller, founder of the Lynchburg orphan 
 asylum, which was painted from memory, 
 and now hangs in that Institution. 
 
 Mr. Fisher was born in Virginia, and 
 was there educated, his art education he 
 finished by an eight years close applica- 
 tion under the best masters of Europe. 
 The limited space forbids an extensive 
 review of this artist and his works. 
 
 Mr. Fisher is not only one of America's 
 leading artists, but in his particular line, 
 genere painting, he is without a peer. 
 
 WM. LORD, 
 
 Groceries and Provisions, cor 5th and 
 
 G streets Northwest. 
 
 Ann ing the houses devoted to the grocery 
 and provision line of trade, that of Wm. 
 Lord ranks among the oldest and most 
 reliable, and from its long and honorable 
 business career has extended its trade to 
 all parts of the city. This business was 
 established by Mr. Lord, Dec. 23d, 1840, 
 on the opposite corner in a little one-story 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 107 
 
 brick, and is one of the oldest in the city, 
 and one of the oldest business landmarks 
 of Washington. The premises occupied 
 are ample and well arranged for the dis- 
 play of stock and the conducting of the 
 business. Employment is given to two 
 assistants, and one wagon is used to de- 
 liver goods to patrons of the establisment. 
 Fine family groceries, canned goods, cigars 
 and tobacco, and all articles pertaining to 
 a first-class grocery and provision store is 
 to be found in stock. Mr. Lord was born 
 and educated in the District, and all his 
 life, since arriving at the age of manhood, 
 has been devoted to the commercial and 
 industrial interests of the city, having 
 had a continuous business career in Wash- 
 ington of nearly a half a century. 
 
 ROUZEE ART SCHOOL, 
 
 Corner Pennsylvania avenue and 10th 
 
 streets. 
 
 This well-known art school was estab- 
 lished four years ago by private enterprise 
 with the view of placing within the reach 
 of all the advantages of a thorough art 
 training. America has within the last 
 tenor fifteen years made wonderful strides 
 in the direction of art developement, not 
 only in producing artists of a higher or- 
 der, but in artistic designing, engraving, 
 and manufacturing, and the whole credit 
 of this great step forward is found in the 
 excellence of some of our art schools. 
 
 Perhaps the leading art school in the 
 city of Washington is that known as the 
 Rouzee School of Art. This institution 
 was founded by Mr. W. M. Rouzee, and 
 is now entering upon the fourth term of 
 its existence, and the fact that during the 
 term just passed, over two hundred names 
 were entered upon the roll, goes to prove 
 that it has already become an important 
 educational factor in the Capital of the 
 Nation. Perspective, charcoal, and 
 crayon drawing and painting, and other 
 branches are taught. The success of the 
 school is not due to any new method or 
 short art, but to the patient, careful and 
 conscientious elucidation of every point 
 that may tend to help the pupil. Mr. 
 Rouzee was born in Washington and re- 
 ceived his art education in New York. 
 He paints mostly figures and portraits, 
 and is an artist of acknowledged high 
 standing. 
 
 CURTIS & BURDETT, 
 Attorneys in Land Cases and Solicitors 
 of Claims, No. 925 F Street N. W. 
 Among the regular practicing attorneys 
 at law before the United States Supreme 
 Court, the local courts, Court of Claims, 
 and General Land Office are the well- 
 known members of the firm of Curtis & 
 Burdett. The firm has been established 
 since 1876. Mr. W. W. Curtis hails from 
 Mount Vernon, Ohio, and General Bur- 
 dett from the Sedalia district of Missouri. 
 General Burdett served in the Union 
 army during the war, and was mustered 
 out at its close as captain. He, up to a 
 recent date, held the position of Com- 
 mander of the Department of the Potomac, 
 G. A. R. He served two terms in Con- 
 gress, and during the two years of 1874 
 and 1876 was Commissioner of the Gen- 
 eral Land Office. Mr. Curtis came to 
 Washington in 1861, and was for fifteen 
 years chief clerk in the General Land 
 Office. The specialty of this firm is cases 
 before the General Land Office, in all 
 matters relative to claims for mining and 
 agricultural lands. Their correspondence 
 is very extensive, covering all portions of 
 the country, and they have a large and 
 lucrative practice which, from their former 
 experience in the departments, they are 
 specially prepared to handle satisfactorily. 
 
 A. M. SMITH, 
 
 Solicitor of Patents, &c, No. 625 P 
 
 street N. W. 
 
 Washington city is the center of appli- 
 cations for patents from all parts of the 
 country. Mr. Smith, as a solicitor, is one 
 of the ablest in Washington, and requires 
 the service of several able clerks to con- 
 duct his correspondence, which extends 
 far and wide over the American continent. 
 He was born in Broome county, New 
 York, and came to Washington in 1852. 
 For a number of years, from 1857 to 1866, 
 he was an examiner in the Patent Office 
 in the class of harvesting machinery. He 
 resigned that position in October, 1866, 
 since which time he has been engaged as 
 a solicitor of patents and as counsellor in 
 patent cases. Mr. Smith's specialty is 
 the soliciting of patents for harvesting 
 machinery, of which class he was in charge 
 when in the Patent Office. 
 
108 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 THE LAUTEN ENGRAVING CO. 
 1425 N. Y. Avenue. 
 
 Among the many exhibitions of the in- 
 ventive genius of mankind, which have 
 marked special epochs in the enlightened 
 period of the early and latter part of the 
 nineteenth century is that of engraving, 
 and one of the latest methods is that by 
 electricity by the Lauten Engraving 
 Company. The inventor of this mode of 
 engraving, is Mr. Herman Lauten, a na- 
 tive of Prussia, by profession a civil and 
 mechanical engineer, and who has been a 
 resident of Washington city for the past 
 twenty years. The Lauten Engraving 
 Company, occupy the entire third floor of 
 the above located building, where they 
 have large dynamo machines worked by 
 a ten horse power engine in the basement 
 of the building, besides chemical batteries 
 of great power. They also employ large 
 photographic cameras, one of them upon 
 the roof of the building, used for reduc- 
 ing and enlarging maps, drawings, etc., 
 to any size that may be desired. The 
 company execute considerable work for 
 the United States Government, and 
 have orders from all parts of the 
 country. The company are not only 
 enabled to make relief plates under this 
 process of electric engraving, but can 
 furnish copper plates with lines down for 
 plate-press printing. They are prepared 
 to make plates of this description in one 
 
 section of any size up to 30 x 30 inches. 
 The cost of this class of work is about 
 one-half that of hand cut plates, and are 
 of great advantage to those desiring 
 sharper work than lithography or ordi- 
 nary electrotype plates. Work of this 
 kind can be produced in from three to 
 fourteen days from the receipt of the 
 drawing or subject to be reproduced. 
 The relief plates are copper faced, and 
 furnished by the company from original 
 drawings, crayon drawings, or copper and 
 steel plate engravings, or fine wood and 
 prints. Drawings are made from photo- 
 graphs, sketches, or articles submitted in 
 a most artistic manner. Drawings for 
 reproduction are required to be from one 
 quarter to one third larger than the plates 
 desired. The company have been in 
 operation at their building on New York 
 avenue for over two years. They have a 
 number of skilled employees, not only 
 there, but who are engaged outside in 
 copying. 
 
 The new electric process of engraving 
 has met with the most sanguine success 
 anticipated by Mr. Lauten. Mr. Edward 
 Caverly, the business manager for the 
 company, is a native of New York, and 
 mint' to Washington about ten years ago 
 being well known as one of her many 
 active business men. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 109 
 
 THE NATIONAL BANK OF THE 
 
 REPUBLIC. 
 S. W. Corner 7th and D Streets, N. W. 
 
 When many banking institutions of 
 the country were shaken to their founda- 
 tions through the money crisis of 187.3, 
 the majority of the banks of Washington 
 stood the financial crisis ; none, however, 
 can boast of making a fairer display of 
 sound management than the National 
 Bank of the Republic, at present one of 
 the most solid institutions of the kind in 
 the National Capital. This bank was 
 organized in the spring of 1865, since 
 which date it has constantly and rapidly 
 grown in the estimation of our business 
 community. Its affairs are entrusted to 
 the aide and efficient management of the 
 following gentlemen, well and favorably 
 known throughout the District for their 
 unquestionably integrity : Dr. Dan'l B. 
 Clarke, A. A. Wilson, W. H. Morrison, 
 H. J. Sibley, R. K. Elliott, W. R. Riley, 
 Jas. L. Norris, Thos. E. Wag<raman, and 
 E. K. Goldsborough, with Dr. Dan'l B. 
 Clarke as president and Chas. S. Bradley 
 as cashier. The National Bank of the 
 Republic was chosen by the Government 
 as a government depository, a distinction 
 which is only bestowed on staunch institu- 
 tions of the kind in the larger centers of 
 population. 
 
 s. c. McDowells 
 
 Grain Elevator and Steam Mill, corner 
 North Capital St. & Mass. Ave. 
 
 For many years Mr. McDowell con- 
 ducted this business in the warehouse 
 formerly on the corner of First and D 
 streets N. W. The handling of grain and 
 feed by hand is necessarily a slow and ex- 
 pensive work. Mr. McDowell has given 
 much time and attention to the applica- 
 tion of steam to machinery, whereby 
 hand labor could be saved in the handling 
 and cleaning of grain, &c. How well he 
 succeeded is fully shown in the new ele- 
 vator and mill located at the intersection 
 of Massachusetts avenue and North Capi- 
 tol street — this building, a massive brick 
 and slate roof structure, was completed 
 one year ago last May. 
 
 The main building is 63 x 50 feet, with 
 six floors, including the basement, the 
 heavy brick walls resting on foundations 
 of concrete. In the basement of this 
 
 building, which has a floor of asphalt, are 
 the mills for grinding corn and rye ; the 
 corn sheller having a capacity of five 
 hundred bushels per hour. The principal 
 floor contains the office, the receiving and 
 delivery departments — the driveway for 
 the grain wagons runs through the build- 
 ing, allowing them to discharge directly 
 into the foot of the elevator, which is in 
 the basement, or to load from the plat- 
 forms the grain drawn from the hoppered 
 bins above, as may be desired ; these bins, 
 ten in number, extend from the top of the 
 building to the main floor, and have a 
 capacity of 20,000 bushels ; they are all 
 connected with the elevator, and can be 
 filled or emptied in a remarkably short 
 space of time. The portion of the third 
 and fourth floors not occupied by the bins 
 are for the storage of grains, each floor 
 communicating with the elevator. The 
 fifth and sixth floors are occupied by 
 bolting and seperating machinery, and a 
 large fan or wind mill intended to clean 
 the dust from the grain as it passes to the 
 bins. The annex to the main building, 
 which is commodious, is occupied by. the 
 engine and machinery for cutting and 
 bailing hay ; this machinery is very com- 
 plete and has a capacity of fifteen tons 
 per day. 
 
 The labor saving facilities in this estab- 
 lishment are very complete, so that the 
 work formerly requiring days can be done 
 in less than the same number of hours. 
 
 Mr. McDowell is a native of Pennsyl- 
 vania, but left that State at an early age 
 for Delaware, where he was raised and 
 educated. He came to Washington in 
 1863, and has since been identified with 
 the business interests of the capital. 
 
 JOHN SAUL, 
 
 Nurseryman, Seedsman, and Florist, 
 
 621 Seventh Street N. W. 
 
 Among those devoting especial atten- 
 tion to the cultivation of rare and beau- 
 tiful flowers is Mr. John Saul, our most 
 extensive nurseryman, seed grower, and 
 florist. He is an importer and exporter 
 of plants to and from all parts of the 
 world. He has been established in the 
 District since 1852. His seed and floral 
 store is located at 621 7th street, and is 
 handsomely fitted up being the finest place 
 of this kind in the city. His nurseries 
 
110 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 and greenhouses are on the Seventh Street 
 road just beyond the soldiers' home. The 
 floral store is of spacious dimensions, and 
 there, at all times, can be found a fine 
 display of new, rare, and beautiful plants, 
 also straw, willow, and wire designs for 
 floral mementoes and decorations. Mr. 
 Saul has had an experience for over 30 
 years in packing and forwarding plants 
 throughout the United States as well as 
 to foreign countries. To florists and 
 nurserymen wishing new plants Mr. Saul 
 can offer special inducements. He re- 
 ceived at the Cincinnati Industrial Expo- 
 sition,the Maryland Horticultural Society, 
 and the District of Columbia Horticul- 
 tural Society, the majority of premiums 
 on different classes of flowers. Corres- 
 pondence is solicited from all portions of 
 the United States and Canada. 
 
 RICH & CO., 
 
 Ice Dealers, 8th Street Wharf. 
 . The best and purest ice that can be 
 procured comes from the Kennebec in 
 Maine, where more ice is stored than at 
 all other points combined in the United 
 States. One of the largest and most 
 complete of the establishments on the 
 Kennebec, at Farmingdale, is that of 
 Abram Rich, of the firm of Rich & Co., 
 in fact Mr. Abram Rich is the heaviest 
 individual dealer in ice on the Atlantic 
 coast. The houses there are fifteen in 
 number which combined have a storage 
 capacity of over 80,000 tons, which can 
 be increased to double this amount. Then 
 at Pittston they have another with capa- 
 city for 10,000 tons, thus giving them an 
 actual available supply of 90,000 tons to 
 draw upon. Their houses at 8th street 
 wharf are kept at all times well stocked, 
 from which they supply the trade by the 
 vessel load, car load, or in quantities to 
 suit. For the city they have a dozen or 
 more delivery wagons for families, res- 
 taurants, and hotels, with whom they have 
 secured a very large trade. The ice of 
 this firm is exclusively from the Kenne- 
 bec, and gives good satisfaction, owing to 
 its purity and solidity. Richard Rich, 
 the manager, deserves great credit for his 
 efforts in securing the citizens such a large 
 supply of pure ice, and the city can be 
 congratulated in having in their midst 
 such a substantial firm. 
 
 DR. GUNNELL, 
 Dentist, 627 Pennsylvania Avenue. 
 
 Among the leading members of the 
 dental profession of Washington is Dr. 
 Gunnell, of 627 Pennsylvania avenue. 
 He established himself here in 1870, and 
 is pleasantly situated at the above location, 
 where his parlors and operating rooms are 
 furnished with every modern convenience. 
 He practices dentistry in all its branches, 
 and makes a specialty of the diseases of 
 the mouth. His practice is principally 
 confined to Washington, but has patients 
 from all parts of the United States. Dr. 
 Gunnell is a grandson of Joseph Johnson, 
 who assisted in laying out the city of 
 Washington, and who ran the first steam- 
 boat between Washington and Alexan- 
 dria, or on the Potomac river. He was 
 born in this city in 1837, and received his 
 education here. Previous to engaging in 
 the practice of dentistry he served in the 
 United States Navy as an engineer. The 
 success that has attended him is but a 
 deserved tribute to the high character of 
 the man, both professionally and socially. 
 
 O. R. WIXOM, 
 Provision Store, 436 Ninth street, 
 Among the leading provision stores of 
 the city there are none which rank higher 
 than the well known and reliable one of 
 Mr. O. R. Wixom, located at 436 Ninth 
 street. This business was established in 
 1874, but it has been at the present loca- . 
 tion only since 1880. It has become one 
 of the institutions of the city, and is do- 
 ing a large and constantly increasing 
 trade. The premises occupied are about 
 30 x 80 feet in extent, and well arranged 
 for conducting the business. Employment 
 is given to five capable assistants, and 
 three wagons are used to deliver goods, 
 many of the best families being patrons 
 of the house. Mr. Wixom deals largely 
 in provisions, canned goods, vegetables, 
 fruits, and everything pertaining to a first- 
 class house of the kind. Fine table fruit 
 is the specialty, and here can be found in 
 season the finest domestic and tropical 
 fruits, as well as canned fruits of all kinds. 
 Mr. Wixom, the proprietor, was born and 
 educated in New York, and has been a 
 resident of Washington and in business 
 since 1869. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 Ill 
 
 R. W. BARKER, 
 
 Cabinet-Maker and Undertaker, 612 
 
 11th Street N. W. 
 
 The undertaking establishment of R. W. 
 Barker is one of the leading houses of its 
 class in the city. The business was estab- 
 lished about twenty years ago by the pres- 
 ent proprietor. The premises occupied 
 are 50 x 100 feet in extent, and well ar- 
 ranged for conducting the business. They 
 are divided into an office and salesroom, 
 with workshop in the rear and store-rooms. 
 The office and salesroom is tastefully fitted 
 up, and here may be seen the latest de- 
 signs and styles of burial cases. Employ- 
 ment is given to three practical assistants 
 who thoroughly understand the business 
 in all its branches. Mr. Barker manu- 
 factures caskets, and attends personally to 
 all the details of funerals, furnishing the 
 hearses, carriages, and generally superin- 
 tending the management of affairs to the 
 entire satisfaction of all. Mr. Barker is 
 a native of Alexandria, Va., and came to 
 Washington to enter business as an ap- 
 prentice in 1849. He is constantly in- 
 creasing his facilities, and his patronage 
 has largely increased among the leading 
 families of the city within the past three 
 years. He is a gentleman whose qualifi- 
 cations eminently fit him for the delicate 
 and responsible position which he has so 
 successfully filled. 
 
 Mr. Barker makes a specialty of em- 
 balming, being a graduate of the Cincin- 
 nati school of embalming in the class of 
 1884. In this branch he is an expert, and 
 it is rapidly becoming the special feature 
 of his business from his skillful and scien- 
 tific operations in all branches of this art. 
 
 Artist. 
 
 MAX WEYL, 
 Studio, 18 Vernon Row. 
 
 Mr. Weyl was born in 1838 at Black 
 Forest, Germany, in the kingdom of 
 Wurtemburg, and was there educated. 
 In 1853 he came to this country, and for 
 a number of years followed the profession 
 of watch maker. In 1877 he began his 
 professional career as an artist, and since 
 that time his rise has been rapid and sub- 
 stantial. He makes a specialty of land- 
 scape painting. His view of Washington 
 and the Potomac from Soldiers' Home are 
 splendid works of art, and are greatly 
 admired. The strong characteristics and 
 
 individuality, and the perfect mastery 
 he has over perspective, combined 
 with his fine technique, places Mr. Weyl 
 at the lead of landscape artists in this- 
 city, and he can be almost called the 
 Claude Lorraine of the 19th century. 
 Mr. Weyl is a member of the Art Union 
 of New York, and the Washington Art 
 Club. His pictures have been comple- 
 mented by the National Academy of Fine 
 Arts of New York, and complimentary 
 articles have been written about his work 
 by New York critics. 
 
 THE BANK OF WASHINGTON. 
 Corner 7th and C Streets, N. W. 
 
 The Bank of Washington was organ- 
 ized in 1809, and since has, for three-quar- 
 ters of a century, controlled a large share 
 of the money transactions in the District. 
 Admirably managed by business men of 
 the strictest integrity and financial ability, 
 the bank rode out the storm of 1873 with- 
 out the slightest discomfort. Its old and 
 established reputation for reliability and 
 safety has procured the organization an 
 increasing and growing sphere of opera- 
 tions. From depositors the bank receives 
 deposits subject to check, issues drafts to 
 all principal points in the United States, 
 and in general transacts an extensive 
 business of a first-class establishment of 
 the kind. The management of its affairs 
 are entrusted to the following well-known 
 business men and able financiers of the 
 District of Columbia : President, Edward 
 Temple ; cashier, Charles A. James, and 
 trustees, J. B. H. Smith, J. H. C. Coffin, 
 and Edward Temple. 
 
 J. H. ALBERS, 
 
 Watchmaker and Jeweler, Corner 14th 
 
 Street and Rhode Island Ave. 
 
 Among the leading representatives in 
 this line of commerce in the city is Mr. J. 
 H. Albers, whose elegant establishment is 
 one of the attractions of Fourteenth street, 
 where it is located, at the corner of Rhode 
 Island avenue. This business was estab- 
 lished about two years ago by the present 
 proprietor. The store is well arranged to 
 display his stock of goods and conduct 
 the business. Employment is given to 
 one assistant, who is a thorough and prac- 
 tical jeweler. As a tasteful jeweler Mr. 
 Albers is widely known, and in his stock 
 
112 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 will be seen the most artistically wrought 
 jewelry of unique designs. A large 
 variety of clocks, watches, silver-plated 
 ware, and eye glasses, and all goods per- 
 taining to a first-class jewelry house is 
 carried. Jobbing and repairing promptly 
 attended to, and all work warranted. 
 Mr. Albers is of German extraction, hav- 
 ing been born in Bremen in 1859, and 
 since he has been in this city has won a 
 wide-spread reputation for reliable goods 
 and fair dealing. 
 
 C. H. CANFIELD, 
 
 Groceries and Provisions, corner 4th 
 
 and H streets. 
 
 Among the prominent houses engaged 
 in this business is that of Mr. C. H. Can- 
 field, located at the southeast corner of 
 4th and H streets. This business was 
 established in the early part of the pre- 
 sent year by Mr. Canfield, as successor to 
 the old established firm of Johnston Bros. 
 The businass has not been allowed to de- 
 teriorate, but on the contrary has steadily 
 improved both in stock and patronage. 
 The store occupies premises 30 x 60 feet 
 in dimensions, and well arranged to carry 
 on the business. In the stock can be 
 found a full line of groceries, provisions, 
 tobacco and cigars. The specialty of this 
 house is warranted pure and fresh milk, 
 of which a great deal is sold. Mr. Can- 
 field was born and educated in New York, 
 and formerly was in business at Fairfax 
 Court-house, Virginia. Since residing in 
 this city he has by his energy and enter- 
 prise w T on a conspicuous place and hosts of 
 friends, and his future promises to be a 
 substantial success. 
 
 J. I. ATCHINSON, 
 Sanitary Plumber, 1316 14th St. N. W. 
 Among the leading plumbers of this 
 city there are none occupying a more pro- 
 minent position than docs Mr. J. I. Atchin- 
 .son, located at 1316 14th street N. W. 
 This business was established about 13 
 years ago b} r the present proprietor, who 
 is a thorough, practical, and scientific 
 plumber and gasntter. The store occupies 
 premises 20 x 40 feet in dimensions, and 
 well arranged for displaying the stock and 
 conducting the business, it is admirably 
 located. The stock comprises a fine as- 
 sortment of every article requisite in the 
 
 trade ; enployment is given to from three 
 to seven men, according to the season and 
 trade. Mr. Atchinson was born and edu- 
 cated in the city, and has been connected 
 with the industrial interests of the city, 
 and its growth and prosperity. His suc- 
 cess has been unaided and is the result of 
 close adherence to those old and standard 
 principles of business honor, which are 
 sure to be crowned with success. 
 
 DANIEL W. McFARLAN, 
 Dentist, 1340 New York Avenue. 
 One of the earliest arts engaging the 
 thought and attention of mankind was 
 that of preserving the teeth. Herodotus, 
 who lived and wrote five hundred years 
 before Christ, states that the Egyptians 
 could not trace back to the origin of the 
 art, and believed it to be coeval with 
 man's creation, and that it was a special 
 revelation derived immediately from God. 
 It is largely due to the exercise of pro- 
 found investigation and to the spirit of 
 American inventive genius that dentistry 
 has been placed upon the high plane it 
 now T occupies. Among the prominent 
 members of the dental profession in 
 Washington is Dr. Daniel McFarlan, of 
 1340 N. Y. ave. He established himself in 
 his profession in this city in 1855, im- 
 mediately after graduating from the old 
 Philadelphia College of Dental Surgery. 
 Dr. McFarlan is a native of Washington, 
 having been born here in 1831, and here 
 received his education. He commenced 
 his business career as a skilled mechanic, 
 which relation he claims and refers to 
 with evident pride. Since attaining man- 
 hood he has been identified with the 
 growth, prosperity, and business interests 
 of the city, and has ranked as one of the 
 progressive yet cautious minds in the pro- 
 fession of his choice. 
 
 DECORATIVE ART SCHOOL, 
 
 Mrs. A. E. Hoyle & Miss E. J. Walker, 
 
 Rooms 122 & 123 Corcoran Building. 
 
 The above decorative art school, the 
 only one in the city of the kind, was es- 
 tablished in 1883, thorough instruction is 
 given in perspective, charcoal, crayon, pen- 
 cil, and pen and ink drawing and paint- 
 ing, also different branches of decorative 
 art and mechanical drawing. The speci- 
 alties of the school are drawing, design- 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 113 
 
 ing, painting, embossed brass, kensington, 
 handmade lace, painting on satin, silk, &c., 
 and china paintings. All pupils have 
 privilege of the sketch class free of charge. 
 The terms of this school are low, and 
 classes are taught day and evening. These 
 ladies commenced the profession in 1879, 
 and are thorough artists. Mrs. A. E. 
 Hoyle was born in Virginia and educated 
 in Baltimore. Mrs. E. J. Walker was 
 born and educated in the State of Maine. 
 These ladies enjoy a high reputation as 
 instructors, and have a great many pupils 
 belonging to the leading families of the 
 city under their tutelage, and are worthy 
 in every respect of the patronage of the 
 public and the encouragement of the art 
 world. 
 
 EDWARD MAYNAED, 
 Dental Surgeon, 1405 F Street. 
 
 Dr. Maynard may be placed among the 
 oldest members of his profession, he hav- 
 ing entered it before the establishment of 
 the first dental college, in which, some 
 years afterward, he occupied the chair of 
 Theory and Practice. His bent of mind 
 being toward scientific and artistic pursuits 
 he was sent to West Point to fit him for 
 the profession of civil engineering. His 
 health failing under the severe tax of 
 drilling he left the military school and 
 gave his attention to civil engineering, the 
 study of law, anatomy, architecture, draw- 
 ing, and such mechanical employments as 
 would best educate his hands for the pro- 
 fession he finally adopted, in which his 
 confreres as well as his patients concede 
 him a high position. Dr. Maynard has 
 received many honors at home and abroad, 
 medals, decorations, diamonds, &c, some 
 for his professional services and some for 
 his military inventions. At St. Petersburg 
 he practiced in the Imperial Family with 
 so much satisfaction that he was highly 
 rewarded, and was offered the position of 
 Actual Dentist to His Imperial Majesty, 
 with the rank of Major. For one of his 
 military inventions the Kiug of Sweden 
 sent him the Great Medal of Merit — an 
 honor seldom conferred on a foreigner. 
 His invention in metallic ammunition — 
 setting and holding the projectile with its 
 axis in the axis of the cartridge — has been 
 adopted all the world over where scientific 
 
 arms are used for either sporting or mili- 
 tary purposes. 
 
 Dr. Maynard was born in New York in 
 1813, commenced the practice of dentistry 
 in 1835, and established himself in Wash- 
 ington in 1836. During a few years of 
 impaired health he resided at Tarrytown, 
 on the Hudson, where he was employed 
 as architect to carry out his designs for the 
 alteration and improvement of Rocheau- 
 mont castle, a very extensive Work which 
 was, unfortunately, stopped by a financial 
 disaster just as it had begun to receive the 
 praise of those who had been attracted 
 by accounts of its novelty. Dr. Maynard 
 has been an occasional contributor to the 
 press, is a member of several scientific 
 societies, is a Chevalier of the Military 
 Order of the Red Eagle of Prussia, and 
 has received the honorary degress of Doctor 
 of Dental Surgery, Doctor of Medicine, 
 and Master of Arts. 
 
 JOHN L. VOGT, 
 
 Baker and Confectioner, 429 7th St., 
 and 927 Pennsyvania Ave. 
 
 Among the most extensive establish- 
 ments engaged in the important industry 
 of bread and fancy baking in the city of 
 Washington is the one conducted by Mr. 
 John L. Vogt, whose business is located 
 at 429 7th street and 927 Pennsylvania 
 Avenue. These places are attractive and 
 eligibly located, and fitted up in an at- 
 tractive style with all the accessories and 
 appurtenances required in the transaction 
 of his business in its various departments. 
 He gives constant employment to from 
 eight to twenty experienced hands in the 
 manufacture and sale of the superior pro- 
 ducts of his establishment. Four wagons 
 are continually in use delivering goods 
 to his many customers in all parts of the 
 city. He makes a specialty of fancy 
 baking, supplying parties, weddings, and 
 families with cakes, pastry, ice cream, 
 confectionery, &c. No finer places of 
 business can be found in the city than the 
 two houses of Mr. Vogt. Mr. Vogt was 
 born and educated in Germany but lias 
 been identified with the interests of Wash- 
 ington a great many years. He is a prac- 
 tical baker whose long experience enables 
 him to produce the most satisfactory re- 
 sults in all departments of the art to 
 which he devotes his personal attention. 
 
114 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 ROBERT LEITCH & SONS, 
 Columbia Brass Works, 1214 and 1216 D street N. W. 
 
 Ranking as one of the foremost in this 
 line of industry in Washington is the 
 Columbia Brass Works, Robert Leitch 
 & Sons, proprietors, who have been expo- 
 nents in this branch of manufacture for 
 14 years, having been established since 
 1870 at the present location. They occupy 
 several buildings, one 49 x 175 feet, and 
 two story high, one 43 x 125 feet, one 50 
 x 75 feet. They have an 18 horse power 
 engine, and employ 30 hands, and do all 
 kinds of jobbing and manufacturing, and 
 keep constantly on hand a full assortment 
 of goods in their line. They also act as 
 agents for Morris Tasker & Co., Philadel- 
 phia, and for the Deane's Steam Pump 
 Company, Holland & Thompson lubri- 
 cating compound, Chapman & Hawes 
 steam traps, and have a general supply 
 depot. Mr. Leitch is a native of Scotland, 
 where he learned the trade, serving a 
 seven year apprenticeship, coming to New 
 York, where he remained a short time, 
 then moving to Baltimore where he be- 
 came connected with the firm of Register 
 & Son. He came to Washington in 1861, 
 where he formed a co-partnership with 
 Mr. Sommerville. He thoroughly edu- 
 cated his sons in the various branches of 
 the trade, and when withdrawing from 
 the above firm in 1870 he established 
 himself, in a moderate way, at his present 
 location, adding to his business as it ex- 
 panded new buildings until 1878, when 
 
 he admitted his three sons as partners. 
 The sous are natives, James M. of Balti- 
 more, Robert of New York, and W. C. 
 of Baltimore. 
 
 JESSE J. YEATES, 
 Attorney and Counsellor at Law, Fede- 
 ral Building, F & 7th streets. 
 
 Mr. Jesse Yeates was born in 1829, on 
 the 29th day of May, in Hertford county, 
 North Carolina. He was educated at 
 Emory and Henry College, Virginia, and 
 read law with chief justice Smith of North 
 Carolina, and was admitted to the bar in 
 the year 1855. He at once began prac- 
 tice at Murphysboro, North Carolina, and 
 has continued a practice there until his 
 removal to this city in 1881. Mr. Yeates 
 was solicitor for the first judicial district 
 of North Carolina from 1861 to 1866, and 
 was a member of the State Legislature of 
 1860-'61, and was major of 31st regiment 
 North Carolina troops ; was elected to State 
 constitutional convention from Hertford 
 county in 1871 ; was the Representative 
 from his district and elected by handsome 
 majorities to the 44th, 45th, and 46th 
 Congresses; and was a very popular 
 member, both with his constituency and 
 colleagues. Mr. Yeates established his 
 law practice in this city in 1881. He has 
 been very successful in the special branch 
 of patents, and has a bright outlook for the 
 future. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 115 
 
 RICHARD N. BROOKE, 
 Studio 11 Vernon Row. 
 
 Among the most notable artists at the 
 National Capital is Mr. Richard N. Brooke. 
 Mr. Brooke is a native of Warrenton,Va., 
 and entered the Pennsylvania Academy 
 of Fine Arts in 1865 and exhibited in 
 that institution in 1868. He practiced 
 his profession in Philadelphia until the 
 summer of 1870, when he was elected, 
 after a competitive exhibit, to the chair 
 of fine arts in the Virginia Military In- 
 stitute. In 1873 he was appointed United 
 States Consul at La Rochelle, France, 
 which position he held for a period of 
 three years. He subsequently entered 
 the studio of Leon Bonuat at Paris, where 
 he remained until his return to this coun- 
 try in 1879. In the spring of 1881 he 
 opened a studio in Vernon Bow, in this 
 city, where he has since remained. Mr. 
 Brooke is best known in this city and 
 country through his picture, "A Pastoral 
 Visit," now in the possession of the Cor- 
 coran Art Gallery. He has succeeded in 
 portrait painting to a remarkable degree, 
 having painted over thirty portraits, 
 among them being that of Chief Justice 
 Marshall, now on exhibition at the Capi- 
 tol. Mr. Brooke is vice-president of the 
 Washington Art Club. 
 
 AUSTIN P. BROWN, 
 Army and Navy Supplies, 1426 F st. 
 
 This bu sines was establised in 1869, as 
 the successor of S. P. Brown & Son. The 
 premises occupied are 19x100 feet in di- 
 mensions and two stories high, giving em- 
 ployment to a large number of workmen. 
 Mr. Brown is agent for the Otis cast steel, 
 the best material in the world for boilers, 
 ship plating, fire boxes, and car axles. 
 He supplies foreign governments and the 
 trade, and is agent for sales to the United 
 States Government; also agent for the 
 Geo. F. Blake Manufacturing Co., Con- 
 solidated Safety-valve Co., and the New 
 York Belting and Packing Co. He manu- 
 factures the patent circulating salino- 
 meters, patent asbestos air-space boiler 
 felting, patent noiseless steam radiators, 
 and is dealer in engineers' equipments and 
 constructors' stores, metals, oils, coal, hard- 
 ware, oak and pine timber, ship knees, 
 piling, and building material, and all 
 
 kinds of army and navy supplies. His 
 business is very large, extending through- 
 out the United States. Mr. Brown was 
 born and educated in the State of Maine, 
 and is also a graduate of Eastman Col- 
 lege, New York ; came to Washington in 
 1860, and has always paid the strictest 
 attention to the calls of trade. 
 
 STRANG & TUCKER, 
 
 General Commission Merchants, 918 
 
 Louisiana Ave. 
 
 The firm of Strang & Tucker was es- 
 tablished in this city ten years ago. They 
 deal at wholesale in foreign and domestic 
 fruits and produce, and have lately began 
 importing fruits direct, being the first 
 and only firm in Washington who have 
 ever done so. They sell on commission 
 any consignment which may be made to 
 their house, making a specialty in tropi- 
 cal fruits from the West Indies and 
 Florida. The facilities of their ware- 
 houses for shipping and storage are un- 
 surpassed, three floors of 25 by 150 feet 
 affording the room, while judiciously 
 arranged elevators connect the floors. 
 The individual members of the firm are 
 Mr. H. L. Strang, a native of New Jersey, 
 and Mr. R. A. Tucker, the junior mem- 
 ber of the firm, who is a native of the 
 District of Columbia. Both members of 
 the firm are highly esteemed in this com- 
 munity and their house occupies a com- 
 manding position in the trade. The firm 
 are partners in the West India Fruit Co., 
 of No. 4 Bowley's wharf, Baltimore, J. 
 E. Bell & Co. being the other members 
 of the firm. This latter house is so well 
 known that extended notice here is un- 
 necessary. 
 
 DR. J. CURTISS SMITHE, 
 Dentist, 1313 N. Y. ave, N. W. 
 The nineteenth century is prominent 
 from the scientific methods devised for 
 converting almost every force or princi- 
 ple to practical human needs, and among 
 the scientific methods that have been de- 
 vised none are more important than the 
 advance in the art of dentistry. Promi- 
 nent among those in this profession in this 
 city is Dr. J. Curtiss Smithe. His prac- 
 tice was established in 1866, and is now 
 one of the first in this city. Dr. Smithe's 
 specialty is surgical dentistry. The Doc- 
 
116 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 tor is a native of Connecticut, and came 
 to Washington in 1866, and is a graduate 
 of the Maryland College and also of the 
 Baltimore College of Dental Surgery. His 
 practice is confined principally to Wash- 
 ington, but extends all over the country, 
 even to other States. He has had a 
 large experience and enjoys a liberal and 
 increasing practice, and has every modern 
 appliance which the ingenuity of the lat- 
 ter-day dentists have devised for the 
 proper prosecution of the dental profes- 
 sion, in which he has taken such promi- 
 nent rank. 
 
 M. A. McGOWAN, 
 
 Stone-Cutter and Contractor, Office, 8 
 
 and 9 Corcoran Building. 
 
 Among the members of this branch of 
 industry Mr. Michael A. McGowan, of 8 & 
 9 Corcoran Building, can be truthfully 
 said to stand at the head. Mr. McGowan 
 established his business in 1869 as a stone- 
 cutter and contractor, and from a com- 
 paratively small beginning has founded a 
 very extensive business. He gives em- 
 ployment to 100 skilled workmen on his 
 different contracts, which extend to all 
 parts of the United States, and among 
 many others we find that he furnished the 
 cut stone for the following prominent 
 buildings : The Deaf and Dumb Asylum ; 
 Louise Home ; The New District Jail ; 
 Soldiers' Home ; Cabin John Bridge ; 
 Chain Bridge ; St. Augustin Church ; 
 walls and coping on the east and south 
 side of the Capitol grounds ; Freedmen's 
 Bank, now the Department of Justice ; 
 New High School ; Bethel Church ; and 
 office Washington Gas Company, all these 
 in the city or District ; also United States 
 court-house at Raleigh, N. C. ; United 
 States post-office and court-house at Austin, 
 Texas ; United States custom, court-house, 
 and post-office at Memphis, Tenn. ; built 
 the basement of the United States custom, 
 court-house, and post-office ; did the con- 
 struction of the superstructure on the 
 same buildings in Kansas City, Mo. ; the 
 construction of the basement of the post- 
 office and United States court-house in 
 Baltimore, Md. ; and was largely engaged 
 under the late Board of Public Works in 
 this city, where he paved many of the 
 principal streets and constructed several 
 of the best sewers. He has, at the pres- 
 
 ent time, three contracts with the United 
 States in three different States. Mr. 
 McGowan was born in New York city in 
 1832, and received the rudiments of his 
 education in that city ; he is, in every 
 sense, a self-made man, and has been the 
 architect of his own fortune. 
 
 CHARLES SCHNEIDER, 
 
 Baker and Confectioner, No. 413 I 
 
 Street N. W. 
 
 This is one of the largest baking estab- 
 lisments in the city, and the bread depart- 
 ment is the most extensive in Washing- 
 ton. The business was established in 1868 
 by Mr. Schneider on New York avenue, 
 removing to his present location in 1870. 
 The business was begun in a small way, 
 and has now built up a trade, one of the 
 most extensive in the capital, and one in 
 which Mr. Schneider justly takes pride. 
 Employment is given to 20 skillful and 
 thoroughly practical assistants, while 7 
 wagons are in constant use delivering the 
 products to his numerous customers 
 thi'oughout the city. Branches of this 
 establishment are at 505 and 506 Center 
 Market, and 123 Northern Liberty Mar- 
 ket. Bread, rolls, biscuits, and cakes of 
 all kinds are manufactured from the 
 purest and best brands of flour, a speci- 
 alty being made of fine cakes, in which 
 the house has gained a fine reputation. 
 Mr. Schneider was born and educated in 
 Germany, and since his establishment of 
 business in this city has, by his integrity, 
 energy, and enterprise, founded a busi- 
 ness that is flattering to his pride, and 
 one that ranks among the leading enter- 
 prises of the city. 
 
 JOSEPH R. FREEMAN, 
 
 Florist. Grounds, cor. U and 32d sts. ; 
 
 Store, cor. 13th and E sts. 
 
 The occupation of the florist is most 
 beautiful, entertaining, and instructive. 
 Among the most extensive establishments 
 devoted to this branch of industry in the 
 District is that conducted by Mr. Joseph 
 R. Freeman. This business was estab- 
 lished by the present proprietor in 1880. 
 The premises occupy one of the most de- 
 lightful and picturesque situations to be 
 found in the District, being on the heights 
 of Georgetown, and commanding a fine 
 view of the Potomac and the surrounding 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 117 
 
 hills of Virginia. There are ten large 
 green houses supplied with all the neces- 
 sary appliances for the successful prose- 
 cution of the business ; and at all times 
 there is on hand a large supply of flowers 
 of every description, and is prepared to 
 fill all orders and guarantee satisfaction 
 in every case. His salesroom is located 
 at the corner of 13th and E streets N. 
 W., and is one of the most attractive in 
 
 the city. He makes a specialty of cut 
 flowers for decorative purposes, also pot- 
 ted plants, vines, and flowers. The finest 
 receptions held in Washington are furn- 
 ished from this establishment. Mr. Free- 
 man was born and educated in England. 
 He was for several years superintendent 
 in charge of the Oak Hill Cemetery. Mr. 
 Freeman has exquisite taste, and under- 
 stands his business most thoroughly. 
 
 C. A. SCHNEIDERS SONS, 
 Iron Founders, corner 12th Street and Ohio Avenue. 
 
 In these days of Avide awake and push- 
 ing enterprises in which industries of mag- 
 nitude are the symbols of the city's wealth 
 and greatness, it is proper to give due no- 
 tice to leading houses. One of the most 
 prominent of these is that of the Union 
 Iron Works, C. A. Schneider's Sons, pro- 
 prietors. Mr. Schneider, the founder of 
 the firm, is a native of Germany, born in 
 1813, and is therefore 71 years of age. 
 He came to this country when a mere 
 boy, with his father and mother. He 
 built his first foundry and established 
 himself in this city in the year 1848 at 
 18th street and Pennsylvania avenue, near 
 H, where he remained until 1874, when 
 he bought and established at his present 
 location on 12th street and Ohio avenue, 
 where they occupy premises 140 feet on 
 12th street, 135 feet on Ohio avenue, and 
 140 feet on C street. The machine shop, 
 
 60 x 36 feet in dimensions and three sto- 
 ries high, being furnished with all the mod- 
 ern appliances. The blacksmith shop is 
 36 x 50 feet in area. Foundry, 40 x 70 
 feet. An engine of 20 horse power, and 
 employ from 50 to 100 workmen, as the 
 business requires. The firm undertake 
 all kinds of work in their line, and are 
 manufacturers and builders of wrought 
 and cast-iron work of every description. 
 They make a specialty of wrought-iron 
 roofing; samples of this line of work can 
 be seen on the Patent Office, Smithsonian 
 Institute, Winder's Building, and Na- 
 tional Museum, besides many other promi- 
 nent buildings. The firm also make a 
 specialty of wrought iron gates, of which 
 they have made many noted jobs. Among 
 them is the Arlington National Cemetery 
 gate, costing $5,000 in place, and is con- 
 sidered by all judges and connoiseurs as 
 
118 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 being one of the finest in the world. Mr. 
 Schneider's Sons, John A., aged 30, and 
 Charles F., aged 26, are natives of Wash- 
 ington, born and reared here ; are practi- 
 cal workmen, and in vigor, sturdiness, 
 and habits of sociability, business tact and 
 commercial integrity are following close 
 in the paths of their illustrious father and 
 grandfather. They were admitted to a 
 partnership in 1876. The house is now 
 doing a business of upwards of $100,000 
 per year. 
 
 E. C. MESSER, 
 
 Artist, room 17 Vernon Row, corner 
 
 Pennsylvania Avenue and 10th st. 
 
 The city of Washington is fast becom- 
 ing an art centre, and many of the very 
 best artists in the country are here, and 
 among the more prominent are Mr. E. C. 
 Messer, whose studio is located at room 
 17, Vernon Row. Mr. Messer is a native 
 of the State of Maine. He has been a 
 student in the Academy of Design in New 
 York, and spent two seasons at the Acad- 
 emy of Fine Arts in Philadelphia. Since 
 establishing in Washington he has been 
 very successful both as an artist and a 
 teacher. He has been in charge of the 
 art school of the Washington Art Club 
 for the past five years, which position he 
 lately resigned to devote himself more 
 closely to his business, which is mostly 
 in landscape painting and portraiture. 
 Many of his productions are of universal 
 merit and show careful study and rare 
 execution. A visit to Mr. Messer's studio 
 will be of interest to any wishing portraits 
 or other work in his line. 
 
 S. C, MILLS, 
 
 Justice of the Peace, U. S. Commissioner 
 
 and Notary Public, 617 La. Ave. 
 
 One of the best known lawyers in Wash- 
 ington is Mr. S. C. Mills, who also holds 
 the positions of justice of the peace, United 
 States Commissioner, and notary public. 
 Justice Mills is a native Washingtonian, 
 and has a good law practice before the 
 courts of the district. He was first ap- 
 pointed a justice of the peace by President 
 Andrew Johnson in 1869, subsequently by 
 President Grant, and under the territorial 
 governships of Messrs. Cooke and Shep- 
 herd, and by Presidents Hayes and Arthur 
 he was appointed a notary public. He 
 
 was appointed United States Commissioner 
 by the Supreme Court in general session 
 June 14, 1875. He was, for several terms, 
 from 1875 to 1883, and during the summer 
 vacation of Judge Snell, acting judge of 
 the police court. Mr. Mills is, however, 
 most widely and favorably known as the 
 originator of that grand temperance or- 
 ganization known as the Sons of Jonadab, 
 which was founded September 13th, 1867, 
 and is now the most thorough organiza- 
 tion of its kind in the United States. 
 This association is very exacting, and its 
 laws are strict and rigidly enforced with- 
 out fear or favor. The society is founded 
 on and takes its inspiration from the thirty- 
 fifth chapter of Jeremiah. 
 
 JOHN A. CLARKE, 
 
 Attorney-at-Law, U. S. Commissioner, 
 
 &c, 319 ±y 2 street N.W. 
 
 Among the United States commission- 
 ers in the District of Columbia none have 
 taken more testimony in his capacity of 
 examiner in chancery than Mr. Clarke. 
 Mr. Clarke is a Washingtonian by birth, 
 and practices in all the courts of the Dis- 
 trict. During the years 1875-'76 he held 
 the position of assistant auditor in the 
 Supreme Court. On the 26th of June, 
 1877, he received from the Supreme 
 Court of the District his commission as 
 United States commissioner and exam- 
 iner in chancery. He was the first com- 
 missioner under section 1042, Revised 
 Statutes of the United States, to have a 
 party released under the "poor-convict" 
 act, while imprisoned and unable to pay 
 his fine. Among some of the notable 
 cases that have come up before Commis- 
 sioner Clarke was the Coyle-Davis case, 
 involving the title to the sale of valuable 
 property located at Seventh and D streets, 
 and which was carried to the U. S. Su- 
 preme Court for adjudication. The case of 
 John Childs vs. Richard Porter et al., in- 
 volving the claims of the heirs of three 
 citizens of Missouri, who went to Mexico 
 during the war and were robbed and mur- 
 dered. The amount involved was $200,000. 
 One hundred thousand dollars was award- 
 ed to the heirs of the deceased, and the 
 other one hundred thousand dollars 
 awarded was left to the Secretary of State 
 as custodian, and for distribution. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY, 
 
 119 
 
 CAMMACK & DECKER, 
 Manufacturers of Lime, 28th st., bet. I and K streets. 
 
 The city of Wash- 
 ington is fast gain- 
 ing an enviable rep- 
 utation as the com- 
 mercial metropolis of 
 the Southeast. Her 
 mercantile establish- 
 j: I m e n t s represent 
 i°~J nearly every depart- 
 |H ment of industry, and 
 during the past dec- 
 ade the city has made 
 strides i n securing 
 and retaining the 
 trade of this section 
 of the Union. One 
 of the most reliable 
 and well-known 
 houses, engaged in 
 ime manaufcture is 
 that now conducted 
 by the firm of Cam- 
 mack & Decker, 28th 
 
 street, between I and K N. W. This business was established in 1870, and oc- 
 cupies large and commodious quarters, 150 x 150 ft. in dimensions, and gives em- 
 ployment to about 25 workmen. They manufacture large quantities of lime, and 
 deal in hair, cement, and plaster. The trade is large and is constantly increasing, 
 extending throughout the District and Maryland and Virginia. The present 
 capacity of the works is about sixty thousand barrels per year. Both gentlemen 
 comprising the firm, are natives of Virginia. Mr. Cammack coming to the District 
 while quite young, was here educated, Avhile Mr. Decker received his education 
 in Virginia. Their present location has been used a great many years in the man- 
 ufacture of lime, but never with the success that now attends the above firm. 
 
 MARINI'S DANCING ACADEMY, 
 
 Prof. L. G. Marini, Proprietor, 914 E st. 
 
 N. W. 
 
 The dancing academy of Prof. L. G. 
 Marini, at 914 E street, between Eighth 
 and Ninth, is one of the special features 
 of Washington city. 
 
 The first lodge of the Washington 
 Knights of Pythias was organized in this 
 building in 1863, and that crack military 
 organization, the National Rifles, occu- 
 pied the basement floor of the building 
 before moving into their handsome armory 
 on F street. The building was entirely 
 reconstructed in its exterior arrangement 
 by Prof. Marini in 1875, with the further 
 improvement of a new front in 1876. 
 Upon the first floor, divided by a spacious 
 hall, are two neatly fitted up dressing 
 and reception rooms for ladies and gen- 
 
 tlemen. The ball room, 40lby 150 feet in 
 dimensions, is a model of neatness and 
 beauty. Below the ball room, reached 
 by an easy flight of stairs, is the refresh- 
 ment room, also tastefully furnished. 
 
 Marini's academy is patronized by the 
 elite of the city, for indulging in what 
 has been aptly called the " poetry of mo- 
 tion." Here congregate during the win- 
 ter season the very creme de la creme of 
 Washington society, the wives and 
 daughters of cabinet ministers, the diplo- 
 matic corps, Senators, and members of 
 Congress, and here the young children 
 are taught their first lessons in waltzing 
 with "the light fantastic toe." Concerts 
 are also given in the ball room, which 
 has a seating capacity for six hundred 
 and fifty persons. 
 
120 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 HENRY ULKE, 
 Artist, 411 Fifteenth street. 
 The portrait, which is a mere human 
 resemblance, must take low rank, but it 
 becomes high art when the characteris- 
 tics and personality and presence of the 
 subject is almost felt. Mr. Henry Ulke, 
 the subject of this sketch, is, without 
 doubt, one of the leading portrait paint- 
 ers in America to-day. He was born in 
 Silesia, Prussia, where his childhood was 
 spent. In 1848 he landed in New York 
 city, without money and without friends, 
 an exile from his native land; he soon 
 began to work his way up. He was the 
 first to convert photographs into India 
 ink paintings, and it was his reputation 
 in this branch that, in 1857, brought him 
 to Washington. Since his return he has 
 made portraits of many of our public 
 men, among whom are Secretary of War 
 Rawlins, General Frank Blair, General 
 Grant, James G. Blaine, John Sherman, 
 Prof. Joseph Henry, Carl Schurz, Sec'y 
 Teller, ex-Governor Shepherd, W. W. 
 Corcoran, Gen'l Spinner, Sec'y Stanton, 
 Charles Sumner, and many others. His 
 portrait of Gen'l Grant is the best that 
 lias ever been executed. The portrait of 
 James G. Blaine was executed on order 
 of the Venezuelan government, and the 
 portrait of W. W. Corcoran for the Co- 
 lumbian College. In crayon he has done 
 all the secretaries of the Interior up to 
 the present time, and most of the regents 
 of the Smitl»onian Institution. 
 
 H. B. NOBLE, D. D. S., 
 1111 Perm. Ave., bet. 11th and 12th sts. 
 Dr. Noble established himself here in 
 1857, and has Avon a leading and promi- 
 nent rank in all the branches of dentistry. 
 He is a graduate of the Baltimore College 
 of Dental Surgery, from which institution 
 he graduated with honors. Dr. Noble has 
 line parlors at 1111 Pennsylvania avenue, 
 which are furnished with all the best and 
 latest-improved instruments used in the 
 practice of dental surgery. He makes a 
 specialty of no particular branch of his 
 profession, but practices in all. Dr. Noble 
 was born in Massachusetts in 1832, and 
 educated in the High School of Westfield, 
 the same State, came to Washington in 
 1852. He has a lucrative practice, which 
 extends all over this city, Va. and Md. 
 
 WORMLEY'S HOTEL, 
 15th and H streets. 
 This standard and leading hotel ranks 
 at the head of Washington's best estab- 
 lishments of that kind. Elegant in all its 
 appointments and most efficiently man- 
 aged, it has gradually won the reputation 
 it enjoys at present. For years it has 
 been patronized by our most eminent 
 men, and is the general rendezvous for 
 the foreign aristocracy visiting our coun- 
 try. All the late presidents, Mr. Hayes 
 excepted, enjoyed the hospitality of its 
 well-known proprietor. The hotel was 
 established in 1871 by Mr. Wonnley ; it 
 was fitted up elegantly in all its appoint- 
 ments and considerably enlarged in 1881. 
 A large number of sleeping apartments 
 and dining rooms for private dinner par- 
 ties have been located in this addition. 
 Before establishing the Wormley Hotel, 
 its present proprietor was engaged in the 
 hotel business since 1856 on I street, be- 
 tween 15th and 16th, and his experience 
 as a landlord dates back to that year. 
 The house is arranged for the accommo- 
 dation of 150 guests, and is provided with 
 all the newest improvements as to eleva- 
 tors, telephone, and heating apparatus ; 
 electric bells are introduced throughout 
 the premises ; and to be short, its general 
 management is such that nowhere, neither 
 in the United States nor abroad, can a 
 better appointed hotel be found. Mr. 
 Wormley, was born here 1819, and is 
 65 years of age. The entire management 
 of the hotel is entrusted to the care of his 
 sons, Mr. W. H. A., J. T., & G. S. Wormley, 
 who discharge this task in their well- 
 known and efficient way. On the first 
 floor of the hotel are located the dining 
 room, the office and lobby, and the addi- 
 tional private dining rooms, while the up- 
 per floors contain the elegantly arranged 
 parlors and sleeping apartments. A cosy 
 restaurant and bar, renowned for their 
 superior supplies, are located on the 
 ground floor. Mr. Wormley has always 
 been successful in all his undertakings, 
 and his present elegant hotel has proved 
 to be so from the start. The manage- 
 ment of this hotel has always been an ex- 
 traordinarily good one, and the social 
 prominence of all its guests commend 
 Wormley's to all who desire the best of 
 treatment in a model hotel. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 121 
 
 % 
 
 P 
 
 Ipfliiiiiiiiillili 
 Iftf ill llMllIiiiS 
 
 III I iiisisiiiiii 
 
 «Hfe 
 
 THE METROPOLITAN HOTEL, 
 
 Pennsylvania Avenue, between 6th and 7th streets. 
 
 As early as 1815 
 the old landmark lo- 
 cated on the same 
 premises as the present 
 hotel, was named the 
 Indian Queen Tavern, 
 the old building form- 
 ing yet a part of the 
 back of the hotel. 
 Afterwards it was re- 
 built and added to, 
 and was generally 
 known as " Brown's 
 Hotel," till after the 
 civil war its name was 
 changed, and it is 
 known now through- 
 out the United States 
 as the Metropolitan. 
 It is now being suc- 
 cessfully managed by 
 its proprietors, Messrs. 
 Seldon & Robbins, 
 who thoroughly un- SELDEN & ROBBINS, Proprietors, 
 
 derstand how to conduct a first-class hotel. Mr. W. H. Seldon was formerly con- 
 nected with the Kimball house, Atlanta, Ga. Mr. S. B. Robbins, the other part- 
 ner, was formerly connected with the "Overton Hotel," Memphis, Tenn. The rates 
 at this hotel are very reasonable, considering the accommodations. Their hotel is the 
 headquarters for a large number of Congressmen, and many other prominent men 
 from all parts of the country. On the first floor of the hotel is the extensive 
 and handsome lobby, which is artistically papered and frescoed. An excellent bar 
 is also located on this floor. The cuisine of the hotel is under the care of Mr. L. 
 S. Morris, formerly of the Grand Hotel, Cincinnati, and is known as one of the 
 best stewards in this country. 
 
 LNNSYLVANIA 
 AVENUE. 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. G. 
 
 BET. 6th & 7th 
 STREETS. 
 
 H. KOPPEL, 
 Artist Tailor, 605 13th st. N. W., bet. F 
 and G streets. 
 Mr. Koppel commenced business in this 
 city in 1865, in which year he established 
 himself at the above location, where he 
 occupies convenient premises and gives 
 employment to 20 hands. His salesroom 
 is stocked with a fine assortment of the 
 most desirable and fashionable fabrics for 
 gentlemen's ware, and he makes a specialty 
 of fine foreign fabrics, while his cutting 
 and fitting are artistic and the workman- 
 ship unexceptionable ; all garments turned 
 out from his establishment being guaran- 
 teed to give the most perfect satisfaction ; 
 his business is a standard one and confined 
 mostly to Washington, and largely among 
 the wealthy and fashionable citizens, Gov- 
 
 ernment officials, and army and navy 
 officers. Mr. Koppel is a native of Ger- 
 many, having been born in Berlin in 1831, 
 and was educated there. He came to 
 America in 1848, and since his coming to 
 this city has secured and maintained a 
 fine reputation as an artist tailor. 
 
 Mrs. WM. FURMAGE, 
 Florist, 509 O street N. W. 
 One of the leading establishments in 
 Washington devoted to this interesting 
 department of industry is that conducted 
 by Mrs. Wm. Furmage. This business 
 was established by Mr. William Furmage, 
 a native of Edinburg, Scotland, about 18 
 vea rs ago, and was succeeded by his widow 
 at his death, which occurred about three 
 years since. At the present time, on the 
 
122 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 premises, which are 120 x 250 feet in ex- 
 tent, are three spacious conservatories 40 
 x 60 feet, 22 x 60 feet, and 30 x 60 feet, 
 respectively, every inch of which space is 
 utilized, and even this is hardly adequate 
 to supply the regular demands made upon 
 her. A specialty is made of cut flowers, 
 and in this line Mrs. Furmage has a high 
 reputation, possessing as she does the rar- 
 est and most costly varieties of foreign and 
 native flowering plants, vines, and shrubs, 
 with a profusion of exotics and tropical 
 plants. In floral decorations for wedding 
 or funeral occasions, designs for special 
 entertainments and devices in original 
 and artistic forms, she has few superiors 
 in the city. Among her patrons she 
 numbers most of our aristocratic citizens. 
 
 JOS. L. PEARSON, 
 
 Steam-power Book and Job Printing 
 Office, corner 9th and D sts. N. W. 
 
 The printing establishment of Jos. L. 
 Pearson has been in existence in this city 
 for more than fifty years. The house 
 works at present to its full capacity four 
 steam presses of the Hoe, Adams, Uni- 
 versal, and Ruggles patterns, and in ad- 
 dition uses two hand presses for minor 
 work. Motive power is furnished by a 
 6-horse power engine of the latest im- 
 proved pattern. From ten to twelve ex- 
 perienced compositors are employed the 
 year round. Mr. Pearson's establishment 
 executes all orders in the book and job 
 printing line, and has facilities for the 
 prompt handling of cards, circulars, bill- 
 heads, letter-heads, labels, law briefs, etc. 
 It will be in the interest of those who 
 wish printing to be done to consult and 
 compare the estimates of this house. 
 
 DR. W. S. HARBAN, 
 1323 H street N. W. 
 Engaged in the profession of dentistry 
 in Washington we find Dr. Walter S. 
 Harban, holding a position of increasing 
 prominence. The Doctor was born in 
 Maryland in 1856, and attended the well- 
 known Baltimore College of Dental Surg- 
 ery, whence he graduated in 1877. He 
 at once began the practice of his pro- 
 fession in all its branches in this city, 
 where he has now secured for himself the 
 confidence and respect of his patients and 
 professional brethren. 
 
 HOWE'S BUSINESS SCHOOL, 
 517 Seventh street. 
 
 The principal of this notable addition 
 to practical business educational institu- 
 tions of the District is a gentleman qual- 
 ified for the discharge of his duties by a 
 long and thorough practice in different 
 branches of actual business. Mr. Howe 
 is a native of Lancaster, Pa. He is 
 thoroughly imbued with the newest meth- 
 ods of practical and rapid instruction in 
 business. His methods of instruction are 
 an innovation in this branch, and are 
 rapidly gaining in popularity. His school 
 counts at present about 60 to 80 pupils, to 
 the practical instruction of whom he pays 
 personal attention, assisted by a corps of 
 expert assistants. Mr. Howe is one of the 
 best business penmen in the District, and 
 remarkable for his rapid, practical in- 
 struction. Book-keeping is taught with- 
 out the use of text-books, enabling 
 scholars to gain a more practical knowl- 
 edge and learn in less than one-half the 
 usual time. The terms for admission to 
 the business com*se of the College are ex- 
 tremely reasonable, being for a course in 
 book-keeping, penmanship, arithmetic, 
 spelling, and correspondence $6.00 per 
 month, or $15.00 for three months. In- 
 struction in Howe's rapid business pen- 
 manship alone, $3.00 per month. For 
 the accommodation of those engaged in 
 business day and night sessions are held. 
 
 A call is respectfully solicited by the 
 proprietor from any who contemplate a 
 business course of instruction. 
 
 J. PAYNE'S SONS, 
 
 Carriage Manufacturer, Pennsylvania 
 
 Avenue, near the Bridge. 
 
 This successful and popular business 
 enterprise dates its inception from 1833, 
 in which year it was founded by Mr. John 
 Payne, the father of the present proprie- 
 tor. The trade has greatly increased since 
 that time, and now extends throughout 
 the city ; a large force of men are en- 
 gaged, and all kinds of vehicles are man- 
 ufactured, particular attention being 
 paid to and a specialty made of all kinds 
 of repairing, which is neatly and substan- 
 tially done. Mr. Payne was born in 
 Georgetown in 1835, and there received 
 his education. His Washington trade is 
 large and profitable, increasing every day. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 123 
 
 POTOMAC BOX FACTORY, 
 L. C. Huth, Prop., 1640 and 1642 Fifth 
 St., and 504, 506, 508 R st. N. W. 
 Mr. L. C. Huth, proprietor of the 
 Potomac Box Factory, has identified him- 
 self with this class of manufacture for 
 many years, and now stands at the head 
 of the trade south of New York city. 
 His factory is well stocked with every 
 kind of machinery of the newest and most 
 perfect design for this purpose. The busi- 
 ness was established in 1873, and occupies 
 premises 40 x 93 feet, and factory 40 x 40 
 feet, and two stoties high. Employment 
 is given to from 15 to 18 workmen, and 
 all kinds of wooden and paper boxes are 
 made, a specialty being made of cigar 
 boxes. He has a large trade in the Dis- 
 trict, and extending throughout Virginia. 
 Mr. Huth was born and educated in the 
 District and is a well known and enter- 
 prising young man. He makes a leading 
 business of supplying cigar manufacturers 
 with boxes, labels, ribbons, &c, and is 
 prompt and efficient in all his business re- 
 lations. 
 
 UNITED STATES HOTEL. 
 
 W. J. Belding, Prop., 333 Penna. avenue, 
 
 bet. 3d and 41 streets. 
 
 The United States Hotel, located on 
 the busiest part of Washington's great 
 thoroughfare, is one of the standard es- 
 tablishments of the kind where reasonable 
 rates and excellent accommodation at- 
 tracts a vast share of the transient popu- 
 lation of the Capital. Its present pro- 
 prietor, Mr. W. J. Belding, took charge 
 of the hotel in 1880. He is a native of 
 Onondaga county, New York, where he 
 was born in 1832. From early boyhood 
 he was known for his congenial ways and 
 business tact, and the name of " Prince 
 of landlords " is appropriately bestowed 
 on him. The United States Hotel was 
 formerly known as the Clay House, and 
 was considered the headquarters of busi- 
 ness men and commercial travellers, and 
 at present is largely patronized by excur- 
 sion parties and clubs, for the entertain- 
 ment of which sjoecial rates are made. 
 The office, dining-room, and bai'-room, 
 neatly arranged, are located on the first 
 floor. The 3 upper floors contain 85 
 well lighted and ventilated rooms, heated 
 by newest inventions in steam radiators. 
 
 OLIVER'S EXPRESS, 
 485 Pennsylvania Avenue. 
 This express was founded by Mr. A. S. 
 Witherbee, September 1, 1883, as We- 
 therber's Capital Express. On Feb'y 1, 
 1884, Mr. R. Oliver became the sole pro- 
 prietor and substituted his name, the bu- 
 siness now being known as Oliver's 25 cts. 
 Express. This business was founded for 
 the prompt delivery of baggage, parcels, 
 etc., to all parts of the city, at the uni- 
 form price of 25 cents per package, and 
 has a local check system insuring safe 
 delivery. The main office is at 485 Penn. 
 avenue, branch 514 9th street northwest, 
 both having telephone connection with 
 all parts of the city. This express is one 
 of the leading ones of the city, and is in 
 every way reliable and worthy of the 
 publics' patronage and confidence. 
 
 FITZHUGH & SHUTE, 
 Dealers in Staple and Fancy Groceries, 
 1944 14th street, cor. U, N. W. 
 
 With the development of the northern 
 part of the city many fine and substantial 
 business houses are being established. 
 Among the more notable and prominent 
 is that of Fitzhugh & Shute. This firm 
 was established in the early part of the 
 present year and is one of the most suc- 
 cessful and fully equipped stores in its 
 locality. The premises occupied are 
 about 25 x 40 feet in dimensions, and are 
 well arranged for the conducting of this 
 business. Employment is given to two 
 persons, and one wagon is used to deliver 
 their goods to their customers. The stock 
 consists of a full line of fancy groceries, 
 and, as the title implies, a large and se- 
 lect stock of teas, of which they make 
 their leading specialty. The business, 
 though of a new growth, is good and rap- 
 idly increasing. Telephone connection 
 with all parts of the city is had. The in- 
 dividual partners are Mr. P. H. Fitz- 
 hugh, who is a native of Washington, was 
 educated at Columbia College, and Mr. 
 S. M. Shute, who was born and educated 
 in the District. Both gentlemen are 
 thorough and practical men in this branch 
 of business, having formerly been con- 
 nected with the tea house of G. G. Corn- 
 well on Pennsylvania Avenue. They are 
 substantial business men, and can be re- 
 lied on in all commercial transactions. 
 
124 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 GEO. GLORIUS, 
 Florist, 1112 7th st. N. W. 
 
 Among the more prominent men in 
 this business is Mr. Geo. Glorius, at 1112 
 *7th street N. W. He established here 
 about forty years ago, a greater part of 
 which time he has devoted to the culture 
 of flowering plants of all kinds. His resi- 
 dence and greenhouses are on the corner 
 of R and 4th streets, N. W., and cover an 
 area of 24,000 square feet. Employment is 
 given to five able assistants, while atten- 
 tion is given to the cultivation of all 
 kinds of plants. His specialty is roses, of 
 which he has the largest variety to be 
 found in the District. At his store can 
 always be found a large and fine assort- 
 ment of cut flowers. Mr. Glorius was 
 born in Germany and came to this city 
 when but 24 years of age. He has 
 for some years been interested and inti- 
 mately connected with the business inter- 
 ests and commercial prosperity of Wash- 
 ington, and occupies a conspicuous niche 
 in the history of the city. 
 
 PALAIS ROYAL, 
 
 Abraham Lisner, prop'r, corner 12th st. 
 and Penna. ave. 
 
 Among the most prominent business 
 houses in this city none are more deserv- 
 ing of favorable mention and considera- 
 tion than that known as the Palais Royal, 
 Mr. Abraham Lisner, prop'r, and located 
 at the corner of 12th street and Penna. 
 avenue. This house was founded about 
 five years ago by the present proprietor, 
 and, although a comparatively young 
 house, it has already won a reputation 
 and trade that is not excelled by any. 
 The premises occupied consist of the lower 
 floors and basement of the palatial busi- 
 ness structure situated on this corner. 
 Employment is given to from 100 to 150 
 assistants, and elegant wagons are used to 
 deliver the goods to all parts of the city. 
 The store is one of the finest in the 
 country, and is stocked in all its depart- 
 ments with a complete line of foreign and 
 domestic, dry goods, notions, hosiery, 
 gent's furnishing goods, and all articles 
 legitimately pertaining to the trade, or to 
 the general furnishing and notion busi- 
 ness. With close and careful buyers in 
 European and Eastern markets, ever on 
 the alert for the latest and most desirable 
 
 novelties, purchased directly from manu- 
 facturers and first hands, and importing 
 an immense amount annually. Their 
 business, though very large, from present 
 indications the present year's business 
 will considerably exceed that of any 
 other year of the house's existence. Mr. 
 Lisner, the proprietor, was born and edu- 
 cated in Germany, and has been a resi- 
 dent of Washington for the past five 
 years, and is an enterprising and wide- 
 awake man of business, and the rapid 
 strides his business has made since its 
 inception are due to the energy he has 
 displayed, his knowledge of the wants of 
 the people, and to his selling at the 
 lowest possible rates. 
 
 LOUIS GUNDLING, 
 
 Groceries and Provisions, corner 15th 
 
 and Madison streets. 
 
 One of the best known and most liber- 
 ally patronized grocery and provision 
 houses in the northern portion of the city 
 is the well-known and popular establish- 
 ment of Mr. Louis Gundling, located at 
 the corner of 15th and Madison streets. 
 This business was founded in 1875 by the 
 present proprietor, and it has almost from 
 the day of its foundation met with high 
 favor and regard from the best families of 
 that section of the city. The premises 
 occupied are very fine and elegant, being 
 about 30 x 100 feet in extent, and well 
 arranged, with all the modern conveni- 
 ences and facilities for carrying on the 
 business. Employment is given to five 
 assistants, and two wagons are required 
 to deliver goods to the many customers 
 of the house. The stock of goods consists 
 of fine family groceries, provisions, and 
 the best brands of liquors and cigars, ta- 
 ble luxuries and everything pertaining to 
 a first-class stock of this line. The busi- 
 ness is good and is constantly increasing, 
 and numbers among its patrons many of 
 the best families of that section of the city. 
 Mr. Gundling was born and educated in 
 Philadelphia, and has been a resident of 
 the city of Washington for about twenty 
 years, since which time he has been identi- 
 fied with the business interests and growth 
 of the city. His lucrative business has 
 been built up by his thriving industry, 
 energy, and thorough knowledge of the 
 business. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 125 
 
 GEO. B. WELCH, 
 Dentist, 219 4,} street. 
 Among the discoveries of the 19th cen- 
 tury none are of more importance than 
 those in the dental profession. In this 
 connection we speak of the practical den- 
 tist, George B. Welch, of 219 4* street, 
 who established his practice in the year 
 1868, and occupies convenient and com- 
 fortable rooms for both reception and 
 operations. He practices the art in all 
 its branches, and has all the latest im- 
 proved instruments and appliances per- 
 taining to the profession. His practice 
 is large, and extends through Maryland 
 and Virginia, and various parts of the 
 country. He makes a specialty of the 
 Sheffield tooth crown, it being no more 
 nor less than a new and natural looking 
 crown for decayed teeth. Dr. Welch was 
 born in New York State, and moved from 
 there to Minnesota, where he received his 
 education. Since his coming to Washing- 
 ton he has enjoyed a career of unbroken 
 prosperity in his professional life. 
 
 J. L. KERVAND, 
 Engraver, Lithographer, and Plate Prin- 
 ter, 1012 Pennsylvania Avenue. 
 
 The origin of this beatiful art is lost in 
 antiquity, and the art to-day owes its im- 
 petus almost wholly to this country. Mr. 
 J. L. Kervand is a gentleman who has 
 been identified with this business in this 
 city for the past 10 years, having estab- 
 lished himself in business in 1873. He 
 employs constantly 8 workmen, all effi- 
 cient artists in their craft, and has a grow- 
 ing demand for his productions, which 
 find their way to all parts of the District, 
 and into Maryland and Virginia. Mr. 
 Kervand and his assistants take especial 
 pride in the excellence of their work, 
 which is always executed in the highest 
 style of art in any design however intri- 
 cate. A general line of engraving and 
 lithographing is done, consisting of letter, 
 note, and bill heads. Checks, drafts, 
 bonds, etc., also work for colleges. Mr. 
 Kervand was born and educated in this 
 city, receiving his education at the Co- 
 lumbia College and the Washington Bu- 
 siness College; he is a rapidly rising 
 tradesman, and is a clever and pushing 
 man of business, and has built up an im- 
 portant industry. 
 
 L. SCHULTZ, 
 Florist, 609 D street. 
 
 Prominent among the leading floricul- 
 turists of the District stands the name of 
 Mr. L. Sehultz, establishing himself seven- 
 teen years ago in this business ; he from 
 a small and modest beginning has founded 
 a large business. His greenhouses are 
 situated at the corner of 9th and Sher- 
 man streets, the premises occupied con- 
 sisting of one square of land ; his special- 
 ties are cut flowers, and serving weddings, 
 funerals, receptions, and the decorating 
 of churches. Mr. Sehultz occupies three 
 stalls in the center market, where can 
 always be found a fine assortment of cut 
 flowers. His business is not confined to 
 the District, as he receives large orders 
 from New York, Boston, and other cities. 
 Mr. Sehultz was born in Prussia, and 
 came to Washington in 1867. He has 
 always followed the business of floricul- 
 ture, and is, therefore, thorough and prac- 
 tical in his knowledge. 
 
 J. R. HANNEMAN, 
 Practical Architect, &c, 510 F s. N.W. 
 
 Washington is getting a world-wide 
 reputation for its educational advantages, 
 and for years her schools have ranked 
 with the best in the country. The " Poly- 
 technicum" school of architecture and 
 engineering, under the management of 
 Major J. P. Hanneman, is one of the solid 
 institutions of Washington. It was found- 
 ed in 1874 by Major Hanneman, and is 
 still conducted by him. The course of 
 study includes architecture, engineering — 
 civil and mechanical — drawing, mineral- 
 ogy, and mathematics, and under these 
 heads come building and specifications, 
 topography, engraving, and mining, ma- 
 chinery and patents, geometrical draw- 
 ing, elevations,, plans, sections, and per- 
 spectives, sketching, tracing, and letter- 
 ing. Diplomas are awarded when the 
 prescribed course is completed and the 
 candidate passes a satisfactory examina- 
 tion. The tuition fee ranges from $6 to 
 $8 per month and from .$15 to $20 per 
 quarter. Mr. Hanneman was born and 
 educated in Prussia. He graduated at 
 the "Polytechnic," in Berlin, in 1859, 
 and practiced his profession in Europe 
 two years; came to this country in 1861 
 and entered the Union army. During 
 
126 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 the war he was at the head of the pioneer 
 corps of the Army of the Potomac, after- 
 wards served on the staffs of Generals 
 Weitzel and Von Schack. Left the 
 service in 1866, and was employed in the 
 Patent Office, Treasury, and Board of 
 Public Works. Major Hanneman is a 
 practical architect, engineer, draughts- 
 man, and mathematician, and enjoys the 
 reputation of being the leading expert in 
 those branches in the District. 
 
 SAMUEL C. PALMER, 
 
 Soda Water Manufacturer, 1214 to 1224 
 
 29th street. 
 
 The old establishment at the corner of 
 29th street and Olive avenue, formerly 
 Greene and Olive streets, Georgetown, D. 
 C, has been long and favorably known 
 to the public as one of the most popular 
 and successful of its class in the country. 
 It was first generally known as Rother's 
 Vinegar Depot, and about the year 1854 
 attained prominence as the "Union Bot- 
 tling Depot," under the management of 
 Amy & Shinn, who prosecuted a brisk 
 and profitable business until 1862, when 
 Mr. Amy retired, and Mr. Riley A. 
 Shinn succeeded to the control of the es- 
 tablishment, and continued therein until 
 the year 1871, when he disposed of the 
 same to Messrs. Palmer & Green. Mr. 
 Green withdrew from the firm in Febru- 
 ary, 1874, in order to engage in a similar 
 business in Philadelphia, leaving the pres- 
 ent proprietor, Mr. Samuel C. Palmer, in 
 control of the old business. Since Mr. 
 Palmer's accession he has added many 
 new features, and is among the foremost 
 to introduce new and improved machin- 
 ery of various kinds applicable to the busi- 
 ness, and now, with steam power, light- 
 ning bottle washers, patent filters, bottle 
 filling and corking machines, and various 
 appliances, is prepared for a very exten- 
 sive business. Mr. Palmer manufactures 
 soda and mineral waters in fountains, of 
 which he uses more than six hundred, 
 supplying druggists and others for draught 
 purposes ; also supplying syrups of vari- 
 ous flavors, and, if necessary, renting the 
 marble apparatus with attachments com- 
 plete. He also bottles lemon soda, sar- 
 saparilla, ginger ale, and other carbo- 
 nated beverages, all of which are well 
 known to the trade as the choicest goods 
 
 of their kind. He is also well known as 
 the agent for the District for the sale of 
 Wm. Massey Brewing Co.'s Philadelphia 
 ale and porter, which is sold in casks and 
 bottles, and is too well and favorably 
 known in the District of Columbia to 
 need more than this simple mention. The 
 Jos. Schlitz Brewing Co.'s Milwaukee 
 lager beer agency for the District is also 
 in Mr. Palmer's hands, and the reputa- 
 tion of the beer as the purest and best 
 manufactured in this or any other coun- 
 try has not suffered under his manage- 
 ment. Mr. Palmer is also an extensive 
 dealer in cider, cider vinegar, and other 
 articles legitimately in his line of busi- 
 ness. Employment is given to from 35 
 to 50 men and boys, and 12 to 15 wagons 
 are kept busy in the delivery of goods. 
 Sales are chiefly to the local trade, but 
 are gradually extending to the neighbor- 
 ing States of Maryland and Virginia. 
 Mr. Palmer is a native of Georgetown, 
 and has passed his entire life in the midst 
 of the community with which he is so 
 thoroughly identified. He is a courteous, 
 intelligent, but prudent gentleman, and 
 enjoys great personal popularity. He has 
 been connected with the establishment 
 now under his control since May, 1861, 
 having entered it as a clerk to the old 
 firm of Amy & Shinn, and his present 
 position is due solely to his faithful and 
 efficient performance of the various du- 
 ties which have devolved upon him. 
 
 WEAVER, KENQLA & CO., 
 
 Soap Manufacturers, 3244 Water street, 
 
 Georgetown, D. C. 
 
 This firm was founded as a co-partner- 
 ship in 1881 by Jos. Weaver, Geo. M. 
 Kengla & Bro., and John T. Kelley. 
 They occupy a building 36 x 110 feet in 
 dimensions, three stories high with a base- 
 ment, the latter being used for storage. 
 They employ 20 hands, use two 40-horse 
 power boilers that furnish steam for one 
 40-horse power engine, and for the steam- 
 ing process through which all their tal- 
 low goes in its different shapes. Two large 
 soap kettles, with a capacity of 40,000 
 pounds per week on the patent process, 
 are on the second floor, which will soon 
 be doubled in capacity. On the third 
 floor is the second patent process kettles 
 for rendering the tallow and extracting 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 127 
 
 the oil, with tanks and other facilities for 
 putting up the sweetest and purest tallow 
 and oil on the market. This branch of 
 the business was developed and perfected 
 by Mr. Kelley, who has given the sub- 
 ject a great deal of scientific study. In 
 addition to the above, the adjoining build- 
 ing is used for a box factory and store- 
 house where they manufacture boxes and 
 have stable room for their horses and 
 fine dock facilities, affording every facility 
 for the cheap shipment of their goods to 
 their customers, who are principally whole- 
 sale dealers. Their business extends from 
 New York and Boston to the southern 
 cities. They manufacture a high grade 
 of laundry soaps and use nothing but the 
 best grades of tallow, all of which is pre- 
 pared by themselves, together with cocoa- 
 nut and palm oil. Mr. Kelley is a prac- 
 tical manufacturer, having had ten years 
 experience with the late Mr. Hughes. 
 The members of the firm are all young 
 men and of thorough business habits and 
 education. 
 
 with their business they, in 1874, estab- 
 lished a store on the corner of Bridge and 
 Congress streets, now 31st and M. This 
 is a handsome five story building, 30 x 
 120, elegantly fitted up and stocked with 
 everything of the very best quality that 
 can be found in any house of a similar 
 character. Messrs. R. B. and A. B. Crop- 
 ley were born, reared, and educated in 
 Georgetown. They are young men, full 
 of energy, and in every way deserving of 
 the confidence and popularity they have 
 won among our citizens as representatives 
 of the leading business interests, and are 
 identified closely with the interests of 
 Georgetown. 
 
 R. B. & A. B. CROPLEY, 
 Teas, Wines and Fine Groceries, North- 
 west cor, Bridge and Congress Sts. 
 
 This business was established by Mr. 
 Samuel Cropley about the year 1830. In 
 1835 he moved to the corner of Market 
 and Bridge streets and opened under the 
 firm name of S. Cropley & Co. In 1846 
 Mr. Thomas Knowles was given an inter- 
 est in the business, and the name of the 
 firm was changed to A. F. Offutt & Co., 
 which continued until 1865, when a disso- 
 lution took place and S. Cropley con- 
 tinued the business in connection with his 
 sons, R. B. and A. B. Cropley, under the 
 name of S. Cropley & Sons. At his death, 
 in 1869, the sons continued the business 
 under the name of S. Cropley's Sons, and 
 are successfully conducting it. The 
 premises are large and convenient, 68 x 
 40 feet in dimensions, five stories, and 
 fronting on two streets. They carry a 
 large stock, embracing everything that 
 appertains to a first-class grocery estab- 
 lishment. They are also importers, and 
 do a large wholesale and retail business 
 in the District and extending throughout 
 Maryland and Virginia. The firm are 
 also agents for the District of Columbia 
 for the Hazard powder. In connection 
 
 Dr. TAYLOR, 
 Dentist, 934 F street N.W. 
 The growth of this particular science 
 has brought to the surface many of our 
 most skilled men, who are devoting their 
 energies to the advancement and improve- 
 ment of this profession. Dr. Taylor, who 
 forms the subject of this sketch, has been 
 for the past thirty-four years a practi- 
 tioner in this line, and takes a leading 
 rank in this city. He occupies elegant 
 parlors, furnished in superior taste, the 
 operating rooms being equipped with all 
 the latest instruments used in the profes- 
 sion. Dr. Taylor was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania in 1826, and received his education 
 in that State. He came to Washington 
 in 1862, and for some time was engaged 
 in the service of the Union army, and for 
 a time was in the War Department and 
 other Departments under the Govern- 
 ment. He is an experienced mechanical 
 dentist, making all his own work and 
 performs all necessary operations, and has 
 an extensive practice over the District. 
 
 GEO. W. BALLOCH, 
 
 General Agent, &c, Office, 1006 F street 
 
 N. W. P. O. Box 557. 
 
 The gentleman at the heading of this 
 article is one of those men only exception- 
 ally encountered. A capable attorney, he 
 is a practical engineer and an able man- 
 ager. For the collection and settlement 
 of claims in all the Departments of the 
 Government no better attorney can be 
 found in this city. For the soliciting of 
 patents and trade-marks and their final 
 and safe issue Mr. Balloch has fine facili- 
 
128 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 ties. General Balloch ably represents 
 in this city the "John Hancock" Mu- 
 tual Life Insurance Co. of Boston, Mass. ; 
 the Western Assurance Co. of Toronto, 
 Canada ; the Star of New York, and 
 Pennsylvania of Pittsburgh. The " John 
 Hancock " was chartered by the Legisla- 
 ture of Massachusetts in 1862, and has 
 issued 25,000 policies and paid 1,500 
 claims, amounting to over 63,000,000, and 
 returned to members as dividends and 
 surrender values over $2,500,000. The 
 Western Assurance Company of Toronto, 
 Canada, was incorporated in 1851, with a 
 cash capital of $400,000. Its total assets 
 in the United States amounts to $919,630, 
 while the surplus to United States policy 
 holders amounts to $435,161. The Star 
 of New York was chartered in 1864, has 
 a cash capital of $500,000 and a large 
 surplus. The Pennsylvania was chartered 
 in 1854, has a paid up capital of $200,000 
 and a good surplus, and is a very success- 
 full company. General Geo. W. Balloch 
 is a native of New Hampshire, and opened 
 his present extensive insurance business 
 in this city on July 14th, 1876. In the 
 beginning of the late war he joined the 
 army, and served honorably for seven 
 years. 
 
 CLARENCE DUFOUR, 
 Druggist, 1818 14th Street N. W. 
 There is not in the northwestern section 
 of the city a more completely equipped 
 drug store than that of Mr. Clarence I)u- 
 four, located at 1818 14th street N. W. 
 This business was founded by the present 
 proprietor about ten years ago, and the bus- 
 iness immediately became the leading one 
 in that section of the city. The premises 
 occupied are well arranged and neatly 
 fitted up for the proper manner of con- 
 ducting his business. A full line of pure 
 medicines, drugs, chemicals, and toilet 
 articles can always be found in stock. 
 Physicians' prescriptions accurately com- 
 pounded from the purest drugs. Mr. Du- 
 four is a graduate of the National College 
 of Pharmacy, and gives his personal at- 
 tention to all the details of the business, 
 and of the medicines vended, and noth- 
 ing which is not absolutely correct will 
 be given out. He was born in Indiana, 
 educated in this city, and been identified 
 closely with its interests and welfare. 
 
 J. S. TOMLINSON, 
 Book and Job Printer, 632 F st. N. W. 
 This establishment is unique of its kind 
 for this city, as it makes a specialty of 
 legal blanks and stationery. Mr. Tom- 
 linson as a practical printer, with his 
 large experience in this branch of his 
 business, has procured an extensive pat- 
 ronage on account of the superior quality 
 and accuracy of this intricate work. 
 For the legal profession we state that the 
 following blanks, printed on first-class 
 special antique linen fabric, white and 
 blue writing papers, can always be found 
 on hand : deeds, bills of sale, leases, agree- 
 ments, powers of attorney, applications 
 for patents, specification paper, and as- 
 signments, executions, declarations, notes, 
 drafts, receipts, certificates, &c, &c, and 
 that special orders are executed and de- 
 livered with promptness. Mr. Tomlinson 
 employs regularly from six to eight ex- 
 perienced compositors and operators, and 
 works three presses, in one of the most 
 compact and convenient offices in the 
 country, always abreast of the times, with 
 new faces of type and other facilities for 
 giving his patrons the latest designs in 
 printed stationery and other job work. 
 Mr. Tomlinson is a native of Maryland 
 and came to this city when but ten years 
 of age, but learned his trade, of which he 
 is considered an expert and an ornament, 
 with Messrs. Sherman & Co., of Phila- 
 delphia. He returned to this city in early 
 manhood, worked at the old Globe office 
 for two years, after which he was em- 
 ployed at the Government Office until 
 March, 1868, when he established his 
 present business, never having been out 
 of business for a week since his first in- 
 duction into a printing office. 
 
 Dr. F. W. RITTER, Jr.. 
 
 Solicitor of Patents, Lenox Building, 
 
 Cor. 7th and G sts. N.W, 
 
 Six years a member of the examining 
 corps of the Patent Office, and six years' 
 practice before the same office gives the 
 above gentleman a prestige that will at- 
 tract to him a valuable clientage. Born 
 in Poughkeepsie, New York, in 1842, he 
 came to Washington the year after with 
 his parents, while the country was under 
 the administration of Tyler. He received 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 129 
 
 his education at the academy at Elmira, 
 New York. At the breaking out of the 
 civil war he responded with alaci'ity, and 
 served his country continuously from 1861 
 until mustered out in 1865. He enlisted 
 as a private, but was soon attached to the 
 regular cadet medical corps of the army, 
 and the last year and a half was giveu in 
 that branch of the service. After leav- 
 ing the service he completed his studies 
 of medicine at the University of Penn- 
 sylvania, aud after graduating from 
 that institution he came to this city and 
 began the practice of medicine, which he 
 continued until 1874, when he became 
 ■connected with the patent soliciting firm 
 of Bakewell & Kerr, with whom he re- 
 mained six years, establishing himself in 
 business in 1879. By reason of his long 
 experience as an examiner in the Patent 
 Office, and years of practice before it 
 since, his services are very valuable to 
 those wishing to procure patents or argue 
 them before the Patent Office. Mr. Rit- 
 ter makes a specialty of metal working, 
 glass, chemistry, and metallurgy, and in 
 such cases he is almost without an equal. 
 
 MR. AND MME. DEPOILLY. 
 
 Ostrich Feather Manufacturers and 
 
 French Dyers, 1233 G street N. W. 
 
 A first-class establishment in this city 
 for the treatment, dyeing, and renovating 
 of ostrich feathers, is Mine. Depoilly's. 
 For the different details in renovating 
 and curling the ostrich feather the house 
 uses a process of its own, avoiding any 
 danger of injury being done to the feathers. 
 Mine. Depoilly makes a specialty of mak- 
 ing long plumes from short pieces, and 
 the articles of the kind do not show the 
 least indication of being thus made. All 
 orders which may be received by postals 
 or by letters will be promptly attended 
 to. Ladies will find it to their interest 
 to call at this establishment and examine 
 their work. Mine. Depoilly is a native 
 of Paris, France, where she familiarized 
 herself with all the details of her business. 
 The quality of the work done under her 
 personal supervision has caused her house 
 and methods of treating ostrich feathers 
 to rank among the best of the kind in the 
 country. A visit to their establishment 
 will convince the attentive that they are 
 adepts in this unique art. 
 9 
 
 H. S. HAIGHT, 
 
 Groceries and Provisions, cor. Vermont 
 ave. and L st. 
 
 Mr. Haight established himself in this 
 business about five years ago at the pres- 
 ent location, and owing to the fine loca- 
 tion and the portion of the city to which 
 he caters, has done a large business, and 
 one that is constantly increasing. The 
 premises occupied are about 32 x 34 feet 
 in dimensions and well arranged for con- 
 ducting the business and displaying the 
 goods. Employment is given to three 
 first-class assistants, who are thoroughly 
 capable of conducting the business in all 
 its branches. One wagon is used to de- 
 liver goods to all portions of the city, free 
 of charge. Fine staple and fancy groce- 
 ries, provisions of all kinds, vegetables, 
 fruits, and everything pertaining to a 
 first-class house of the kind is constantly 
 kept in stock. Mr. Haight was born in 
 Washington, and since attaining man- 
 hood has been closely identified with the 
 commercial and industrial enterprises of 
 the city, its growth and welfare. He is 
 an energetic and enterprising business 
 man whose success has been fairly earned. 
 
 EDWARD FICK & CO, 
 Ice Cream and Oyster Saloons, 911 
 Pennsylvania Ave. 
 
 This palatial establishment has through 
 its opening supplied a long felt want in 
 this locality. The first floor of the estab- 
 lishment, occupying a space of 30 x 120 
 feet, is appropriately arranged as the 
 finest confectionery store of the Capital, 
 its front part being devoted to the retail 
 confectionery trade exclusively, while the 
 rear part is filled with fine tables for the 
 accommodation of its numerous patrons. 
 " Fick's " is known throughout the Dis- 
 trict for the superior quality of its sup- 
 plies, notable among which are the cele- 
 brated drip coffee and French rolls, and 
 all kinds of French and Italian ice cream 
 and water-ices. The second floor of 
 " Fick's " is occupied by the palatial 
 oyster and dining saloon, a model in 
 elegance of fixtures and upholstery, filled 
 with dining tables covered with the 
 whitest damask and silverware. Here a 
 specialty is made of the serving of oysters 
 in season. This place is well known and 
 largely patronized by visitors and citizens. 
 
130 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 VAN SYCKEL'S PHARMACY, 
 Corner 13th and G sts. N.W. 
 
 Mr. Van Syckel has had an experience 
 of forty years in drugs and chemicals. 
 He is a native of Trenton, New Jersey, 
 has been at his present location for ten 
 years, and has two assistants. His estab- 
 lishment is 25 x 70 feet in dimensions, 
 and eligibly situated. Previous to occu- 
 pying these premises he was for two years 
 connected with the Independent Ice Com- 
 pany of this city. He carries a fine trade, 
 and does an average business of $8,000 
 per annum. He commenced the drug 
 business in a small way, and through a 
 thorough knowledge of his business, as 
 well as giving personal attention to all its 
 details, he has met with a large share of 
 success. Besides his well-assorted stock 
 of medicines and toilet requisites, he man- 
 ufactures three proprietary remedies 
 known as Van Syckel's liver-wort tro- 
 ches, Van Syckel's horse liniment, and 
 Van Syckel's corn remedy. They are very 
 potent remedies, and have a sale, in and 
 outside of Washington, of between three 
 and four thousand dollars per annum. 
 Mr. Van Syckel is well and favorably 
 known throughout the District of Co- 
 lumbia. 
 
 WALLACE A. BARTLETT, 
 Solicitor of Patents, 632 F st. 
 
 Mr. Bartlett's former connection with 
 the examining corps of the United States 
 Patent Office has given him ample oppor- 
 tunity to acquaint himself with the details 
 of the patent laws in the interest of the 
 inventor. Mr. Bartlett attends to all 
 business connected with the soliciting of 
 American and foreign patents and the 
 registration of trade marks and labels. 
 He maks a specialty of patents in arms 
 and improvements in the same. The 
 American and foreign patents for the 
 American Torpedo Company were solic- 
 ited through his agency, and the nearly 
 forty patents for fire-arms taken out by 
 Burgess were mainly secured through the 
 efforts of this house. At present Mr. 
 Bartlett is the attorney for the Spencer 
 Gun Company. He was formerly a part- 
 ner of the firm of Warwick & "Bartlett, 
 but established for himself in December, 
 1883. Mr. Barlettt's elegant offices are 
 
 located at the corner of 7th and F streets, 
 opposite the United States Patent Office. 
 All correspondence forwarded to that 
 number will receive prompt and careful 
 consideration. 
 
 S. T. LUCKETT, 
 Real Estate Agent, 1221 F street N. W. 
 Mr. Luckett is a repi*esentative of the 
 active and attentive business men with 
 which the prosperous Commonwealth of 
 Virginia has constantly contributed to 
 the Capital. Mr. Luckett has made a 
 specialty of the study of landlord and 
 tenant laws and his experience in the ex- 
 ecution of the same has made him an 
 authority on that chapter, his advice and 
 judgment in such matters being daily in- 
 voked. His office at 1221 F street N.W. 
 affords every facility for the prompt trans- 
 action of all business relating to real 
 estate matters in the District and the ne- 
 gotiation of loans and mortgages. The 
 presence of the popular justice of the 
 peace, A. S. Taylor, in the same premises 
 facilitates the prompt transaction of con- 
 veyances and sales. Mr. Luckett estab- 
 lished his business in 1868, and makes a 
 specialty of the care and management of 
 properties and the collection of rents and 
 accounts of all kind, which composes a 
 large share of his prosperous business. 
 Minutely acquainted with the law and 
 straightforward in all his dealings, Mr. 
 Luckett has reached a prominent position 
 in his profession. 
 
 HENRY BEARD, 
 Land Claim Attorney, 925 F st. N. W. 
 Mr. Henry Beard was born in Perry 
 county, Ohio, in 1821, and has been a 
 resident of the District of Columbia since 
 1853. He practices in the courts of the 
 United States, Interior Department, and 
 General Land office. Previous to coming 
 to Washington Mr. Beard was from 
 1846 to 1852 editor of the Zanesville, 0. r 
 Aurora. From 1853 to 1865 he was en- 
 gaged in public employment in the de- 
 partments. He resigned in 1865, and re- 
 sumed the practice of his profession. The 
 principal business conducted by Mr. Beard 
 is that of adjusting railroad land grants. 
 He was one of the [successful counsel 
 engaged in the celebrated Chicago lake 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 131 
 
 front cases before the Interior Department 
 from 1875 to 1882. In these cases were 
 involved railroad tracks, depots, elevators, 
 mills, and about forty-five acres of made 
 land in the city of Chicago. The business 
 chiefly done by Mr. Beard lies west of 
 the Mississippi river, St. Louis and Chi- 
 cago, and to the Pacific slope of Califor- 
 nia. 
 
 S. C. BANCROFT, D. M. D., 
 Washington, D. C. 
 The methods for the preservation of 
 the teeth have become a study that en- 
 grosses the minds of our most eminent 
 physicians as well as the professors of the 
 art or science of dentistry. Among those 
 of the latter branch of medical science is 
 S. C. Bancroft, D. M. D., of this 
 city, as one who can give practical 
 advice and valuable suggestions. Dr. 
 Bancroft commenced the practice of den- 
 try in 1871 in Massachusetts, and came 
 to Washington and established himself 
 in his profession in 1880, since when he 
 has taken high rank in the dental profes- 
 sion. He is a graduate of Harvard Col- 
 lege, and was born in Massachusetts in 
 1849, practices dentistry in all its branches 
 and has a large and constantly increasing 
 practice, is a gentleman whose integrity 
 in his profession places him in the fore- 
 most rank among those who are progres- 
 sive and believe in the scientific advance- 
 ment of the profession. 
 
 F. C. SOMES, 
 Counsellor at Patent Law, 641 F sts. 
 
 The profession of a patent attorney is 
 one of the most responsible and difficult 
 ones ; it requires a knowledge of the law 
 and of the many intricacies of the prac- 
 tice of the United States Patent Office, 
 and also a practical judgment of ma- 
 chinery and mechanical appliances. Mr. 
 F. C. Somes has had an experience in 
 patent law of more than fifteen years. 
 Inventors may rest assured that their in- 
 terests are intrusted to able and compe- 
 tent hands when managed by him. Mr. 
 Somes makes a specialty of the difficult 
 branch of patent law in connection with 
 rejected, interference, and appealed cases 
 in the Patent Office, and in the prosecu- 
 tion and defense of infringement suits in 
 
 the circuit and Supreme courts of the 
 United States ; and he has been eminently 
 successful in bringing to a satisfactory 
 termination many important cases en- 
 trusted to his care. 
 
 His spacious offices are located on the 
 first floor of the Universitv law building, 
 at 514 F street N. W. 
 
 T. B. CROSS, Jr., 
 Coal, Wood, and Lumber, 941 Pa. ave. 
 Among the important industries of the 
 city is the establishment of T. B. Cross, 
 Jr., dealer in coal, wood, and lumber. 
 The business was established in 1878, and 
 occupies premises 102 x 600 feet in dimen- 
 sions, with an office at 941 Pa. ave. and 
 cor. 8th and M sts. southeast, and wharf, 
 depot, and plaining mill foot of 4th 
 street east ; and all having telephon- 
 ic connection. Employment is given 
 to 12 workmen. A large stock of soft and 
 hard-wood lumber is kept constantly on 
 hand, and in connection with the business 
 a large plaining mill is to be found, with 
 all the necessary machinery, surfacing, 
 and resawing, &c. Sash, doors, blinds, 
 and everything that is required in the line 
 of house building, both public and pri- 
 vate. Mr. Cross was born and educated 
 in Washington, and has had an experience 
 of over 25 years in this business, and 
 thoroughly understands every branch of 
 it. 
 
 DR. E. B. BLISS, 
 Dentist, 1329 F street. 
 Dentistry has come to a science for the 
 study of which colleges have been opened, 
 and a diploma from one of those institu- 
 tions is the sesame to scientific and pro- 
 fessional circles. Dr. E. B. Bliss, dentist, 
 1329 F street, is one who began in this 
 practice in 1879. He practices dentistry 
 in all its branches, but makes a specialty 
 of diseases of the mouth, caused by acci- 
 dent or defective teeth. Dr. Bliss was 
 born in Ohio in 1850, receiving his edu- 
 cation there and in Maryland and Phila- 
 delphia. He is a graduate of the Balti- 
 more College of dental surgery, and is a 
 worthy son of so distinguished an Alma 
 Mater. Dr. Bliss is the son of Dr. D. 
 W. Bliss, who so faithfully attended the 
 late President Garfield, and is an honor 
 to the profession he has so wisely chosen. 
 
132 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 H. B. KIRKWOOD, 
 
 Oyster Packer, Store No. 2 Center 
 
 Market. 
 
 The choice variety of oysters sold at 
 H. B. Kirkwood's store, No. 2 Center 
 Market, are unsurpassed in the eastern 
 market, and his establisment is one of the 
 oldest in this city in the oyster trade. 
 The house makes a specialty iu forward- 
 ing oysters in any required quantity to 
 any part of the country. Mr. Kirkwood's 
 extensive connection enables him to draw 
 his supplies from the best known planting 
 grounds of northern waters and from the 
 Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries. Mr. 
 Kirkwood has had large experience in 
 the oyster trade and is well known in 
 business circles. 
 
 STUDIO OF TAXIDERMY, 
 
 Frederic S. Webster, 401 Seventh street 
 
 Northwest. 
 
 •<! :b -s- * ^ 
 
 Mr. Frederic S. Webster, the well-known 
 artistic taxidermist, having recently sev- 
 
 ered his long connection with the establish- 
 ment of Prof. H. A. Wood, of Rochester, 
 N. Y., has located in this city and opened 
 a studio of taxidermy at 401 7th street 
 N. W., where all who are interested in 
 the preparation and preservation of zoo- 
 logical material will find an able expon- 
 ent of this art. He works in every branch 
 of the art, including mammals, birds, rep- 
 tiles, also original designs in embroidered 
 and feather screens, bird medallions, game 
 panels and groups, antlers and elegant 
 mounted heads of moose, elk, deer, and 
 antelope ; unique and rare rugs, robes, and 
 floor decorations ; horn and antler furni- 
 ture, and bric-a-brac novelties. Mr. Web- 
 ster has received a large number of high 
 awards from " The Society of American 
 Taxidermists " at its three important ex- 
 hibitions, the following is a partial list of 
 them : Rochester, New York, 1880, bronze 
 medal — for the best bird in the entire ex- 
 hibition ; diploma of honor — for the sec- 
 ond best general exhibit; diploma of honor 
 — for the handsomest article of ornament 
 or use — heron medallions. Boston, Mass., 
 1881 : Silver specialty medal — for the 
 best bird in entire exhibition. Special 
 prizes : bronze medal — for the best mis- 
 cellaneous exhibit ; silver medal — for the 
 best exhibit of articles for ornament or use ; 
 diploma of honor — for the handsomest sin- 
 gle article of ornament or use — peacock 
 screen ; certificate of merit — for the hand- 
 somest article of ornament or use. New 
 York, 1883 : Bronze medal — for the best 
 bird in the entire exhibition — "Wounded 
 Heron ; " silver medal — for the best gen- 
 eral exhibit. General average medal — 
 for mammals, birds, reptiles, and fishes. 
 Diploma of honor — for general excellence 
 of birds. Diploma of honor — for reptiles 
 as showing difficulties overcome. Special 
 prize — silver medal — for the handsomest 
 display of articles of ornament or use, 
 making a total of thirteen prizes, being 
 the greatest number awarded a single ex- 
 hibitor. Mr. Webster was born and edu- 
 cated at Hudson, New York, and finished 
 his profession with Prof. H. A. Ward, of 
 Rochester, New York, the leading taxi- 
 dermist institution of the world. Prof. 
 Webster's establishment is a fine acquisi- 
 tion to the art ranks of Washington, and 
 is being liberally patronized by all lovers 
 of the art in this and adjoining cities. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 133 
 
 ROYAL BENGAL TIGER HEAD. 
 
 MOUNTED BY F. S. WEBSTER FOR MESSRS. IVISON, BLAKEMAN, TAYLOR & CO, AS A TRADE-MARK 
 FOR SPENCERIAN PENS AND WRITING-FLUIDS. 
 
134 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 GROUP MOUNTED BY FREDERIC S. "WEBSTER, -WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 CHRISTIAN XANDER, 
 Importer of and Wholesale Dealer in 
 m "Wines and Liquors, 911 7th st. N. W. 
 
 Probably the most extensive house of 
 this kind in Washington is that of Chris- 
 tian Xander, which is located at 911 7th 
 street N. W. The business was estab- 
 lished in 1866, and the house has gained 
 a trade, which extends to all sections of 
 the United States. The specialty of 
 Chris. Xander's house is the manufacture 
 of native wines, which are the purest 
 obtainable in the Capitals The imported 
 varieties of claret, including the choicest 
 Chateau wines, have been introduced for 
 family use, and for supplying dinner 
 and evening parties. The finest brands 
 of cognac are imported directly in casks 
 to supply this branch of the trade. His 
 trade in native wines has gained such di- 
 mensions that Mr. Xander controls at 
 present the grape crops of thirty-three 
 farms, located in Virginia and Maryland. 
 Mr. Xander buys his grapes on the vines, 
 
 has them forwarded to his place of busi- 
 ness, and makes the wine on his premises ; 
 he is himself an expert distiller, and pays 
 | his personal attention to the manufactur- 
 ing, fermenting, and bottling process. 
 [ His native wines have the following 
 brands: "The Clinton" and the "Ives" 
 known for their flavor, and the "Seed- 
 ling " and " Concord," known as the cheap- 
 est and purest table wines. The house 
 has the agency of the celebrated aromatic 
 bitters, used as a stimulant and cure for 
 billiousness and prostration. The popu- 
 lar Melliston bitters are manufactured on 
 the premises under Mr. Xander's super- 
 vision. The Melliston bitters are made 
 from the wild cherry extracts, without 
 allowing the faintest adulteration in its 
 manufacture. The ware-rooms occupy the 
 ground floors of Nos. 909 and 911 7th 
 street, covering an aggregate space of 60 
 by 110 feet. The cellars underneath are 
 a model in neatness and judicious appli- 
 ance. Mr. Xander has the credit of being 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 135 
 
 the first dealer in Virginia native wines. 
 As early as 1870 his attention was at- 
 tracted to the unsurpassed flavor of the 
 Virginia grape. Starting on a small 
 scale, he introduced their juice as a de- 
 sirable addition to our imported market. 
 His office and business place can be 
 reached by telephone from all parts of the 
 city. 
 
 Christian Xander is a native of Wiir- 
 temberg, he came to this country in 1853, 
 and established himself in business in 
 1861, in partnership, until 1866, when he 
 founded his present business. 
 
 NEWMAN & NEWMAN, 
 
 Mechanical Draughtsmen, 705 G street 
 
 N. W., Room 8. 
 
 The firm of Newman & Newman, con- 
 sisting of Messrs. Al. C. and Ed. A. New- 
 man, commenced their profession in 1881 
 at the above location, and though so short 
 a time has intervened it has already proved 
 a remunerative success. All kinds of 
 drawings from models and sketches of 
 every description are done by this firm. 
 Their business extends to all parts of the 
 United States, and they have a great 
 amount of Patent Office work. Both 
 members of the firm were born and edu- 
 ,cated in Virginia, and came to Washing- 
 ton in 1881 ; they are both young men, 
 very proficient in executing any work in 
 their line of business, and have received 
 very substantial encouragement in the 
 way of a large and growing patronage. 
 
 CHARLES S. WHITMAN, 
 Attorney and Counsellor at Law in Pat- 
 ent Causes, Office, 802 F st. 
 
 The profession of attorney and coun- 
 sellor in patent causes is one of the most 
 difficult in the legal practice. Mr. Charles 
 S. Whitman has a wide-spread reputation 
 as an able counsellor in this branch. His 
 practice of over fifteen years before the 
 courts in important patent causes has 
 placed him prominent among those of the 
 ablest and most successful attorneys. He 
 makes a specialty of patent law and its 
 practice in important cases of infringe- 
 ment or interference. Mr. Whitman is a 
 native of the District of Columbia, and 
 highly esteemed in social and legal cir- 
 cles. 
 
 H. H. NICHOLS, 
 Designer and Engraver on Wood, 56 and 
 57 LeDroit Building, cor. 8th and F sts. 
 
 The engraving rooms of Mr. Henry 
 Hobert Nichols, in the LeDroit Building, 
 afford much interest to the visitor of ar- 
 tistic tastes. Mr. Nichols is a pupil of 
 the celebrated Benson J. Lossing, and was 
 one of the patriotic band of writers and 
 artists that left the late Frank Leslie's 
 establishment to take an active part in 
 the civil war. While in a hospital at 
 New Orleans under treatment for a shell- 
 wound received during the siege of Port 
 Hudson, his skill as an engraver became 
 known to the surgeons there, and resulted 
 in his being transferred to Washington 
 to illustrate that now famous medical and 
 surgical history of the war, which must 
 ever preserve the name of the late Sur- 
 geon General Barnes, and those rare tech- 
 nical scholars, Doctors Otis and Wood- 
 ward, to whom the immediate charge of 
 the great work was committed. It was a 
 proud day for Mr. Nichols when the art 
 jury, at the Centennial exposition, struck 
 by the extraordinary merit of the collec- 
 tion of anatomical engravings, which he 
 had exhibited, awarded to him a medal 
 and diploma of the first-class for technical 
 and artistic excellence, being the only 
 honor won there for scientific engraving. 
 
 Numerous examples of Mr. Nichols' 
 art exist in the noted work of Professor 
 Baird and Dr. Brewer on the birds of 
 North America. The publication of this 
 book led to demands for Mr. Nichols' 
 graver from many ornithologists of the 
 United States and Canada. Ethnologi- 
 cal, geological, astronomical, and other 
 scientific classes of engraving keep him 
 and his assistants fully occupied. A 
 branch of business peculiar to Washing- 
 ton in the illustration of inventions, upon 
 which patents have been obtained. Much 
 of this work is done by mechanical pro- 
 cess, but many inventors and patentees 
 appreciate the advantage of having their 
 devices, illustrated by the deft hand of 
 the wood engraver, the difference in result 
 far outweighing the small difference in 
 cost. Like many other professional men 
 at Washington, Mr. Nichols never sees 
 the most of his patrons, the mail and the 
 express being the sure and convenient 
 mode of communication between them. 
 
136 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY, 
 
 T. M. HANSON, 
 Fire Insurance Agency, 519 7th st. N. W. 
 
 Of those prominently identified with 
 the insurance business in this city none 
 stand higher in the business than the gen- 
 tleman whose name heads this article. 
 He has been connected with this business 
 since 1850, and is the agent in the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia for the following first- 
 class and reliable fire insurance compa- 
 nies : The "JEtna," of Hartford, Conn., a 
 company which was organized and incor- 
 porated in 1819, and whose cash capital 
 is $4,000,000, with total assets of $9,054,- 
 610 ; the Springfield, Mass., Fire and Ma- 
 rine Insurance Company, with a capital 
 of $1,000,000 and assets of $2,395,288; 
 the " Hartford" Fire Insurance Company 
 of Hartford, Conn., organized in 1794 
 with a capital of $1,250,000, and assets 
 amounting to $4,337,280 ; the " National " 
 Fire Insurance Company of Hartford, 
 Conn., with a cash capital of $1,000,000 
 and total assets of $1,733,281 ; the 
 "Royal" Insurance Company of Liver- 
 pool, England, with a surplus, including 
 its paid-up capital, of $9,588,814. The 
 Franklin Fire Insurance Company of 
 Philadelphia. Mr. T. M. Hanson's ex- 
 perience in this business is an effectual 
 guard against doubtful construction of the 
 policies, and consequent danger of litiga- 
 tion. He has ably represented the inter- 
 ests of the "iEtna" for more than thirty- 
 two-years. Mr. Hanson is a native of the 
 District of Columbia, where he was raised 
 and educated. 
 
 WM. SAUTER, 
 
 Carriage and "Wagon Builder, 628 and 
 
 630 K st. and 635 Mass. Ave., N.W. 
 
 Prominent among the establishments 
 engaged in this branch of industrv is that 
 of Mr. Wm. Sauter, located 628 and 630 
 K street and 635 Massachusetts avenue. 
 Mr. Sauter commenced business in 1865, 
 but only established himself at his present 
 location in 1883, where he has a commo- 
 dious establishment, built by himself, 50 
 by 100 feet in dimensions, and fronting 
 on two streets, " K " and Massachusetts 
 avenue. A force of twenty hands are 
 given employment, and all kinds of ve- 
 hicles are manufactured. A portion of 
 the building is occupied as a repository, 
 while the various departments of work 
 
 are arranged with perfect system for ef- 
 fective operations. Only the best mate- 
 rial is used and the best class of workmen 
 employed, a specialty being made of 
 wagon building and all kinds of repair- 
 ing. He is a native of Germany, and. 
 came to America when very young, and 
 received his education here. He is about 
 forty-five years of age, and his long busi- 
 ness and experience and his faithful at- 
 tention to the same has secured him the- 
 large patronage he now enjoys. 
 
 GEORGE BING, 
 Engraver of Stencils, and Dealer in Rub- 
 ber Stamps, &c, 742 10th st. N. W. 
 
 Among leaders of this industry is Mr. 
 George Bing, located at 710 D street- 
 He is a representative man in his line, and; 
 has secured a wide-spread reputation for 
 producing the most complete and finished 
 work in this country. The business was- 
 established in 1883 by the present pro- 
 prietor, and almost immediately obtained 
 a good business. The premises occupied. 
 are centrally located and well arranged; 
 for carrying on the business and displaying- 
 the stock. Rubber stamps, stencils, steel 
 and ribbon stamps, rubber stamp inks and; 
 indelible inks are specialties. He also 
 carries all other goods pertaining to this- 
 branch of business. The trade is mostly - 
 confined to the city, and is rapidly increas- 
 ing. Mr. Bing Avas born in Singapore.. 
 India, and received his education in Eng- 
 land. He came to America about three- 
 years ago, and to Washington about one- 
 year ago. He is a thorough and practi- 
 cal mechanic in his line of business.. 
 
 DR, EDWIN HOWARD, 
 Dentist, 1019 F street N. W. 
 Dr. Edwin Howard, dentist, 1019 F 
 street N.W., this city, stands in the ranks 
 of the advanced professors of this art as 
 one of the progressive men of the pro- 
 fession. The Doctor began practice in 
 1876 and practices in all the departments 
 of dentistry. He is a native of Washing- 
 ton, having been born here in 1850, and 
 here received his education. He is a 
 graduate of that leading dental institu- 
 tion, the Baltimore College of Dental 
 Surgery, and is fast building up a fine- 
 and growing practice among the best 
 people of Washington. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 1ST 
 
 H. W. McNEAL, 
 
 Book Binder and Ruler, 1010 and 1012 
 
 Pennsylvania Avenue. 
 
 The progressive spirit of the age has 
 greatly changed the modes of binding 
 within the last few years. The leading 
 business in this line, now owned by Mr. 
 H. W. McNeal, Avas established by Mr. 
 W. H. Lycett in 1845, who was succeeded 
 in 1880 by his former foreman, Mr. Mc- 
 Neal. The premises occupied are 60 x 
 80 feet in dimensions, and employment is 
 given to eighteen skilled workmen. The 
 place is fitted up with all the latest im- 
 proved machinery, valued at about $7,000. 
 The machinery is run by a gas motor, the 
 only power of the kind in the city. This 
 is the largest biudery in the city, and 
 they do work for the District Govern- 
 ment, State, W ar, and Navy Departments, 
 Surgeon-General's Office, and Police De- 
 partment. They manufacture all kinds 
 of blank books and make a specialty of 
 journals, ledgers, and account books, 
 map mounting and ruling of all descrip- 
 tions. Mr. McNeal was born in New 
 York State, and received his education at 
 Kutger's College, Brunswick, New Jersey. 
 He learned his trade in New York City, 
 and is a thorough practical book-binder. 
 The growth of his trade to its present 
 proportions is the best recommendation 
 for the quality of his work. It is one of 
 the successful and enterprising business 
 houses of Washington. 
 
 HENRY McSHANE & CO., 
 
 Plumbers' Supplies, 319 12th street N. 
 
 W. W. C. Derby, Manager. 
 
 The leading business of this line, not 
 only in this city, but in the United States, 
 is the house of Henry McShane & Co. 
 This business was established in 1880 by 
 McKelden & Co., and a large business was 
 done for two years. In 1882 the business 
 changed hands, becoming Henry McShane 
 & Co., and Mr. W. C. Derby, the junior 
 member of the firm, became the manager. 
 Under Mr. Derby's able management from 
 about $2,000 per month and between 
 $40,000 to $50,000 per year has, in the 
 space of two years, increased to $12,000 
 per month, and over $150,000 annually. 
 
 At the main works in Baltimore in the 
 brass works at 147 to 161 North street, 
 and the iron works 85 to 89 Holliday 
 
 street, included, there are employed over 
 1,000 men. At the branch stores, 1312 
 Broadway, New York, 52 Myrtle avenue, 
 Brooklyn, and at 319 Twelfth street, this 
 city, about 100 men as salesmen are em- 
 ployed. The celebrated McShane Church 
 bells have a world-wide reputation for 
 their rich, mellow tones, and the purity of" 
 the material used in their composition. 
 This enterprising firm sent a beautiful 
 Church bell to the Paris Exppsition, which 
 attracted great attention and received the 
 highest award for its superiority over all 
 others. At all exhibitions, both State and 
 international, wherever entered for compe- 
 tition with other bells, the McShane bells- 
 have received the highest awards. All 
 who attended the Centennial Exhibition, 
 at Philadelphia will recollect with pleas- 
 ure the music of the beautiful chime of 
 bells in mtchinery hall, the product of" 
 the McShane foundry. Mr. McShane first 
 established his business in 1856 with a 
 modest capital, and has, by extraordinary 
 energy and enterprise, enlarged its work- 
 ings from time to time, and to-day it stands- 
 without a rival in the United States. Mr. 
 W. C. Derby, manager of the Washing- 
 ton branch of this famous establishment, 
 was formerly with the house of Thomas 
 Sommerville, where he learned the prac- 
 tical part of the business. He founded 
 the business of H. McShane & Co. in this 
 city, and to his untiring energy, enterprise, 
 and thorough practical knowledge of the 
 business, is entirely owing the immense 
 success of the house here. He is the right . 
 man in the right place. 
 
 D. C. EICHELBERGER. 
 
 Dealer in Groceries, Provisions, Wines, 
 and Liquors, cor. 5th and G sts. N.W. 
 
 Among the leading houses devoted to 
 this industry is the well known and reli- 
 able house of D. G. Eichelberger, located 
 at the corner of 5th and G streets N. W. 
 This business was established in 1876 by 
 the present proprietor in a small and 
 modest manner, growing gradually to its 
 present proportions. Employment is given 
 to two assistants, who are thorough and 
 capable in all branches of the business. 
 The premises occupied are well arranged 
 for the purposes for which they are used. 
 The stock consists of a full line of family 
 and fancy groceries, provisions, and the; 
 
138 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 best brands of wines, liquors, and cigars. 
 The business is good and on the constant 
 increase. Mr. Eichelberger was born and 
 educated in Frederick, Md., and has been 
 a resident of the city about twelve years. 
 During the war he cast his fortunes with 
 the South, and served gallantly with 
 Harry Gilrnore in the 2d Maryland Regi- 
 ment, C. S. A. He is a member of the 
 Knights of Pythias, Order of Redmen, 
 Odd Fellows, and Mechanics, of all which 
 organizations he is a worthy and working 
 member. His success has been gained by 
 strict attention to the wants of his patrons, 
 and the enterprise displayed in all his 
 business transactions. 
 
 POTOMAC TERRA-COTTA CO., 
 Office, 1411 G street. 
 
 One of the earliest arts attained by 
 mankind was that of making pottery and 
 earthenware. Herodotus, who lived and 
 wrote five hundred years before Christ, 
 states that the Egyptians could not trace 
 the origin of the art, and believed it to be 
 coeval with man s creation, and that it 
 was a special revelation derived immedi- 
 ately from God. All along down the 
 ages that have come and gone, history 
 tells us that the art has been a prominent 
 industry with the Egyptians, Greeks, 
 Chinese, Japanese, and many other na- 
 tions, but it was left to the inventive and 
 progressive spirit of the Americans to 
 bring it to its state of greatest perfection. 
 Probably one of the most extensive es- 
 tablishments of a special character in 
 manufacturing articles from clay, is the 
 Potomac Terra-Cotta Co. of this city. The 
 company was organized in 1872, and 
 business was begun in 1873 with facili- 
 ties complete in every respect for the 
 manufacture of their products. The 
 works are at Terra Cotta, four miles from 
 Washington, on the Metropolitan Branch 
 of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad; the 
 works were destroyed by fire in 1879 and 
 rebuilt in 1881. They are 90 x 100 feet 
 in dimensions, brick, and three stories 
 high, with six large kilns ; employment 
 is given to sixty workmen. The estab- 
 lishment produces everything in their 
 line, but make a specialty of sewer pipe, 
 vitrified stone ware, and enamelled shell, 
 which is warranted imprevious to the ele- 
 ments and indestructable to other natural 
 
 agencies. They are prepared to furnish 
 by contract or otherwise, at any accessi- 
 ble portion of the country, ventilating 
 flues, chimney tops, and other articles of 
 plumbing and architectural work manu- 
 factured by this company. The officers 
 of the company are: President, John 
 Lynch ; Treasurer and Superintendent, 
 John Lynch, Jr.; Directors, John Lynch, 
 John Lynch, Jr., J. C. McKelden, John 
 H. Rice, B. F. Grafton. The capital 
 stock is $141,550.00. The Messrs. Lynch, 
 the president and treasurer and superin- 
 tendent, are gentlemen, both of whom are 
 not only well known, but highly esteemed 
 by all, and the same can be said of the 
 board of directors. It is safe to say that 
 the efforts of the company have not been 
 without the most promising and substan- 
 tial results. 
 
 DR. R. B. DONALDSON, 
 Dentist, 1309 F street. 
 Dr. R. B. Donaldson, dentist, of 1309 
 F street, began the practice in 1852. He 
 occupies pleasant and convenient parlors 
 at the above number, where his practice 
 is large and flourishing. A specialty is 
 made of filling teeth, but he practices in 
 all branches of the profession. The 
 Doctor is a graduate of the Baltimore 
 College of Dental Surgery and Maryland 
 College. He was born and educated in 
 Virginia and came to Washington in 
 1842, since which time he has been identi- 
 fied with the welfare and business growth 
 of the city and an honored member of his 
 chosen profession, to the advancement of 
 which he is a devoted worker. 
 
 BRAD ADAMS, 
 Bookseller and Stationer, Adams Build- 
 ing, F street. 
 
 The city of Washington is especially a 
 city of erudition and culture, the conse- 
 quence being that the book trade is of 
 more than ordinary importance, and, per- 
 haps, the leading house devoted to this 
 trade is that of Brad Adams. About ten 
 years ago Mr. Adams opened the business 
 in a modest way in a little frame build- 
 ing which occupied the present site of the 
 Le Droit Building, and by an energy and 
 enterprise that is fully known by all the 
 residents of this city, he has placed his 
 business in the front rank. This great 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 139 
 
 book and news emporium is known to 
 everybody as one of the notable business 
 institutions of our city, worthy of careful 
 inspection, and where everything ex- 
 pected of a first-class establishment is at 
 hand, including publications of our own 
 and foreign countries, stationery and 
 newspapers. Card engraving, blank 
 books, book binding, and the printing 
 necessary for bankers, railroad companies, 
 law blanks, &c, is made a specialty of 
 the establishment. Mr. Adams was born 
 and educated in the city, and although 
 still a young man, has had a career at 
 once checkered and romantic, and withal 
 a large business experience, in which he 
 has been remarkably successful. 
 
 WM. CRANCH McINTIRE, 
 
 Patent Attorney and Mechanical Expert, 
 
 Branch Law Build., 614 F st. N. W. 
 
 Inventors and discoverers should know 
 the importance of entrusting the fruits of 
 their labors to able and competent hands. 
 A rigid preliminary examination and care- 
 fully prepared application is the basis of 
 all transactions connected with patent 
 matters. The gentleman whose name is 
 mentioned in this heading is a patent 
 attorney of twenty-five years' standing, 
 and an experienced mechanical expert. 
 Through his efforts some of the most im- 
 portant inventions of the age have become 
 patented. Mr. Mclntire has earned his 
 well-established reputation through a con- 
 scientious and able treatment of all cases 
 entrusted to his care and his life-long ex- 
 perience in his profession guarantees a 
 prompt discharge of all duties connected 
 with the procurement of United States 
 and foreing patents. 
 
 Mrs. E. C. WHITE & SONS' 
 Floral Hill Dairy, Floral Hill. 
 
 Among the leading dairies surrounding 
 the city there are none that enjoy a more 
 extensive and popular patronage than the 
 well-known Floral Hill Dairy, Mrs. Jane 
 White & Sons, proprietors, and located 
 on Floral Hill. This dairy has been 
 founded about ten years. The milk of 
 forty cows is used daily, and so rapidly 
 does the business increase that it is almost 
 an every-day occurrence that milk has to 
 be bought from other dealers and farm- 
 ers. Four wagons are constantly run- 
 
 ning to deliver the products of this dairy 
 to its many customers, and about five 
 hands are employed. Milk, butter, eggs, 
 and other dairy products are handled, 
 and all warranted for their purity and 
 cleanliness. The reputation of the pro- 
 ducts of this dairy is daily becoming bet- 
 ter, so that many of the best families in 
 the city will use no other. Mrs. White 
 and her sons are all natives of Kentucky, 
 and were educated in that State. Their 
 success has been gained by the superiority 
 of their products, as well as their busi- 
 ness enterprise in introducing them, a 
 succass that is in an eminent degree well 
 deserved. 
 
 M. T. BRIDWELL, 
 Bottling Depot, 347-351 M st. S. W. 
 
 Among the industries of Washington 
 is the bottling establishment of Mr. M. 
 T. Bridwell, located at 347-351 M street 
 S. W. This business was founded by the 
 present proprietor about 30 years ago, 
 and is one of the oldest and leading 
 houses of the kind in the District. The 
 premises occupied, including bottling 
 house, are 75 x 100 feet in extent, and 
 thoroughly equipped with all the latest 
 improved machinery and devices for suc- 
 cessfully bottling and manufacturing the 
 products of the house. Employment is 
 given to twelve first-class assistants, who 
 thoroughly understand the business in all 
 its branches, and six to seven wagons are 
 used to deliver the products to its many 
 patrons in all parts of the city. The trade 
 is not confined to the city, but extends 
 into the adjoining States, which is large 
 and constantly increasing. Tonic beer, 
 soda waters, mineral water, etc., of all 
 kinds and flavors, and all kinds of light 
 summer drinks are manufactured, and in 
 every case warranted to be made of first- 
 class and strictly pure materials. Mr. 
 Bridwell was born and educated in 
 Maryland, in Bladensburg — the old duel- 
 ing ground — and has been a resident of 
 Washington for about thirty-five years. 
 
 S. J. FAGUE & SON, 
 
 Real Estate and Claim Agents, 1420 
 
 New York avenue. 
 
 S. J. Fague, ably assisted by his son 
 Mr. G. M. Fague, occupy the ground floor 
 of the new building at the above location. 
 
140 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 The neatness and completeness of their 
 office vouch for the business of the firm. 
 The Messrs. Fague transact an extensive 
 real estate business, giving their personal 
 attention to all branches of the business 
 in buying, selling, and exchanging real 
 estate, and in prosecuting claims against 
 the Government. The negotiations of 
 loans and the investment of money in first- 
 class securities are a specialty of the firm. 
 The senior partner having established him- 
 self in the district some twenty-five years 
 ago, he is intimately acquainted with all 
 the details connected with the troublesome 
 and weary business of collecting claims 
 against the District for special improve- 
 ments. Parties having such claims yet 
 unsettled will do well to call upon Mr. 
 Fague for advice and action. As a meas- 
 urer and expert of builders' work in the 
 District, Mr. Fague's services are daily 
 solicited, and many important law suits 
 and differences among contractors have 
 thus been satisfactorily settled through his 
 able assistance. 
 
 JOHN H. CRANE, 
 
 Commission Merchant, 936 Louisiana 
 
 Avenue Southeast. 
 
 Prominent among the industrial inter- 
 ests of Washington City is the commission 
 house of John H. Crane, at 936 Louisiana 
 avenue. The house was established about 
 ten years ago by its present proprietor, 
 one of the most prominent merchants in 
 the commission business. For many years 
 Mr. Crane has occupied his present spaci- 
 ous ware-rooms, covering all the floors of 
 the number mentioned, connected by ele- 
 vator for facilitating storage and shipping, 
 and provided with telephonic appliances 
 for the prompt execution of all orders 
 made on the house. Mr. Crane conducts 
 a general commission business for the sale 
 of country produce generally, consign- 
 ments of which are received from all 
 parts of the surrounding country, and 
 more especially from New York and the 
 West. A specialty is made here of the 
 sale of potatoes, beans, and seed potatoes. 
 Mr. Crane is the agent in this city for 
 Hoose's unrivalled sweet cider and cider- 
 vinegar, large quantities of which are in 
 troduced in the market through his 
 house. 
 
 E. MURRAY, 
 
 Caterer, Confectioner, and Ice-Cream, 
 
 Corner 14th and S sts. N,W. 
 
 One of the leading houses in this line 
 of business in the section of the city where- 
 situated is that of Emanuel Murray, lo- 
 cated at the corner of 14th and S streets 
 N.W. This business was established 
 about one year ago at 1118 K street,, 
 coming in its present location on August 
 9th, 1883, and in this short space of time 
 has built up a trade that is nattering to* 
 his capabilities and the products of the 
 place. Employment is given to from two* 
 to four persons, who thoroughly under- 
 stand the business in all its branches. 
 The premises occupied are well arranged 
 and cleanly and neatly fitted up for prop- 
 erly conducting the business, being 20 by 
 60 feet in dimensions. Ice cream is man- 
 ufactured in its purest form and sold at 
 wholesale and retail, families being sup- 
 plied with any quantity desired. The 
 finest confectionery can always be found, 
 and a restaurant is connected with the 
 establishment, where meals can be had 
 at all hours. Mr. Murray was born and 
 educated in Delaware, and came to Wash- 
 ington in 1873, and his success is due to 
 his energy and the superiority of his pro- 
 ducts. Mrs. Sarah Murray, his wife, as- 
 sists in the business. 
 
 Dr. RANDALL PARSONS, 
 Dentist, 428 Seventh st. N. W. 
 Among those practicing the higher 
 branches of dentistry in Washington may 
 be mentioned Dr. Randall Parsons at 428 
 Seventh street. Dr. Parsons commenced 
 the practice of dentistry in 1874, and at 
 his present location has pleasant parlors 
 and operating rooms. The practice of 
 dentistry in all its branches receives at- 
 tention, a specialty being made of the 
 preservation of the natural teeth, the fill- 
 ing, and making artificial ones, as well as 
 a successful treatment of all diseases of 
 the mouth. All the latest appliances in 
 the w r ay of instruments for the facilitating 
 of operative dentistry are used. Anes- 
 thetics are administered during operations- 
 with skill and safety whenever required. 
 Dr. Parsons was born in New Jersey in 
 1855, and educated in that State, and 
 came to Washington in 1873. He holds 
 an honorary degree from the Wisconsin 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 141 
 
 Dental College, and since his practice 
 in this city has, by his intelligent and 
 thorough knowledge of operative den- 
 tistry, built up a fine practice in the city 
 and vicinity. 
 
 DALTON & STRICKLAND, 
 
 Dealers in Ladies and Gentlemen's Fine 
 
 Shoes, 939 Pennsylvania Avenue. 
 
 This well-known firm occupy the large 
 and handsome store at 939 Pennsylvania 
 avenue, between Ninth and Tenth streets. 
 It has a front of twenty-five feet, with a 
 depth running back to D street of sev- 
 enty feet. Mr. Dalton formerly kept at 
 903 Pennsylvania avenue, corner of Ninth 
 street. This had been a shoe establish- 
 ment for half a century, first known as 
 that of Mr. George Burns, then Burns & 
 Wilson, afterwards Burns & Co., and 
 subsequently William N. Dalton, and now 
 Dalton & Strickland. Altogether, the 
 house of Dalton & Strickland is a stand- 
 ard one, and geuerally known as carry- 
 ing one of the finest and most complete 
 stocks of high-class goods in the Capital. 
 Through their fair dealings and good bus- 
 iness principles, which have always char- 
 acterized them, they are rapidly taking 
 the lead in their line of trade. They have 
 secured not only a large and lucrative 
 trade custom, but have many purchasers 
 from other cities. Mr. Dalton is a native 
 of Washington. He is captain of Com- 
 pany A, Washington Light Infantry 
 Corps. Mr. Strickland is a native of Bal- 
 timore county, Maryland, and has been a 
 resident of Washington for the past fifteen 
 years. 
 
 JOHNSON BROS, 
 
 Photographic Establishment, 467 & 469 
 
 Penn. Ave. 
 
 The fine establishment of this represen- 
 tative and one of the oldest business firms 
 in the District of Columbia, in their line, 
 will be found at the number mentioned 
 in this heading. The firm was established 
 in this city in 1862, locating then on 
 market space, between 8th and 9th streets 
 N. W. In 1882 Messrs. Johnson Bros, 
 moved their establishment to the premises 
 which they occupy at present. The three 
 floors, with an area of 32 by 90 feet, are 
 occupied by the different departments of 
 their business. The office and waiting: 
 
 room is a model of good taste in all its 
 appointments, and a visit to their gallery 
 will be enjoyed by all lovers of art. 
 Johnson Bros, make a specialty of the 
 enlargement of pictures to natural size, 
 and their own patented process for that 
 purpose enables them to do unique work 
 in that line. The firm consists of the broth- 
 ers J. Oroville and Frank R. Johnson, who 
 have been in partnership since their en- 
 gagement in business. They are both 
 natives of New Hampshire. This house 
 is well-known for its fine work in the art 
 of retouching negatives, and their popu- 
 lar prices command patronage, bringing 
 these favorite productions within the reach 
 of all. 
 
 EDWIN GLADMON, PH. D., 
 Pharmacist, 2d and F streets N. W. 
 After nine years practical experience 
 Mr. Gladmon began business for himself 
 here in October, 1883. He is a native of 
 Virginia, having been born in Fairfax 
 county in 1859. He received in 1880 
 the degree of " Doctor of Pharmacy " 
 from the National College of Pharmacy. 
 He has long been known as one of the 
 most earnest and aggressive advocates of 
 pharmacal reform, having been president 
 first of the Association at College and then 
 of the Registered Drug Clerks' Associa- 
 tion. The ability shown in filling these 
 positions he has carried into the drug 
 business, as a glance at his handsome 
 well stocked store with its iucreasing roll 
 of customers will show. Mr. Gladmon 
 is located in a constantly improving 
 neighborhood, having the Government 
 Printing Office on one side and the Pen- 
 sion Office (soon to be completed) on the 
 other. Though a new store, it is no 
 longer an experimental one, and has 
 already become the acknowledged head- 
 quarters of that section for the sale of 
 pure drugs, chemicals, fancy and toilet 
 articles, cigars, tobacco, medicinal liquors, 
 and everything else generally kept in a 
 first-class drug store. Mr. Gladmon 
 manufactures several specialties, one of 
 which, " Embesine," a lotion for chapped 
 hands and inflamed surfaces, has acquired 
 a very extensive reputation. He is as- 
 sisted by able and courteous clerks, and 
 will prove to be another among the many 
 successful young pharmacists of this city. 
 
142 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 H. F. BREUNINGER, 
 
 Eureka Dairy and Lunch Rooms, 616 
 
 to 620 13th street. 
 
 One of the finest and best dairy lunch 
 rooms in the city is to be found at the 
 above location, where also is the office of 
 the popular Eureka Dairy. It is a rep- 
 resentative establishment of the kind, and 
 one of the most ably conducted and lib- 
 eral} 7 patronized in the city. At the lunch 
 rooms are to be found pure Alderny milk 
 and cream, fresh butter and country eggs 
 served on the tables, and also to jirivate 
 families, in any quantity. " Polite atten- 
 tion and the best fare for the mouey," is 
 the motto for this standard place. The 
 premises occupied are 40 x 40 feet in ex- 
 tent and cleanly and finely furnished for 
 conducting the business. Employment 
 is given to from twelve to fourteen assist- 
 ants in the different branches of the busi- 
 ness, which has been established seven 
 years. Beside milk, cream, butter, eggs, 
 &c, lunches are served, consisting of 
 everything the market affords. Also a 
 fine line of farinaceous food. Mr. Breu- 
 ninger, the proprietor, is a thorough busi- 
 ness man whose long catering to the 
 wants of the public has given him a 
 knowledge of just what they want. He 
 has thereby gained a large patronage. 
 The Eureka Dairy, of which Mr. Breu- 
 ninger is the sole proprietor, is one of the 
 standard ones of the city. To supply his 
 patrons requires the products of seven 
 farms in Virginia and the milk of 150 
 cows. The watchwords of his business 
 are " purity, promptness, cleanliness, and 
 cash." His success in this and his other 
 business has been in every way remark- 
 able, and is the legitimate result of Mr. 
 Breuninger's staunch business principles 
 and his push and enterprise as a leader 
 in the dairy business of Washington. 
 
 W. G. BURNS, 
 
 Dealer in Flour and Feed, corner K and 
 
 Fifth streets N. W. 
 
 The well known and popular flour and 
 feed house of W. G. Burns, located at the 
 corner of K and 5th streets, is a leading 
 one in this branch of trade. This house 
 has been established at this location only 
 since 1883, although Mr. Burns has been 
 for a number of years in business on the 
 opposite corner from his present place. 
 
 The premises occupied are 20 x 60 feet in 
 dimensions, and three stories high, all 
 used in the business. Employment is 
 given to three assistants, and two wagons 
 are used to deliver goods to his many 
 customers. Flour and all kinds of feed, 
 hay, straw, and other articles pertaining 
 to the business can always be found in 
 stock. The business is good and con- 
 stantly increasing, numbering among its 
 patrons many of the most prominent people 
 of the city. Mr. Burns was born and edu- 
 cated in Washington, and has always been 
 identified with the growth of the city. 
 He is reliable and prompt in all his busi- 
 ness transactions, and his well-deserved 
 success is due to his integrity and busi- 
 ness tact. 
 
 D. P. HICKLING, PH. D., 
 Pharmacist, 319 Pennsylvania Avenue. 
 Dr. Hickling came from Wisconsin,, 
 and has been in business in Washington 
 at his present stand since 1859; he grad- 
 duated at the Georgetown Medical Col- 
 lege, which university conferred upon him 
 the decree of Doctor of Pharmacy, the 
 only one this university ever conferred 
 upon a druggist. He has also been a 
 professor in the pharmaceutical depart- 
 ment of the college. Dr. Hickling is a 
 gentleman of scholarly attainments, and 
 ranks among the oldest and best known 
 druggists in the District. His establish- 
 ment is prominently located upon the 
 avenue, and he carries a large stock of 
 drugs, chemicals, toilet articles, fancy 
 goods, &c. Dr. Hickling has a large local 
 custom, as also from persons from abroad. 
 He also keeps on hand the finest brands 
 of cigars and smoker's articles generally, 
 and the best quality of medicinal liquors. 
 The establishment is too well-known to 
 require any more than a brief sketch. 
 Suffice to say that the medicines com- 
 pounded are of the purest, and physicians' 
 prescriptions are a specialty. The long 
 experience of Dr. Hickling in the busi- 
 ness, his personal attention to all of its 
 details, and the thorough medical judg- 
 ment that he always brings to bear in the 
 compounding of prescriptions has given 
 him an enviable reputation in the District, 
 and secured for him the confidence and 
 esteem of his many personal friends and 
 patrons. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 143 
 
 PHILADELPHIA CANDY FACT'RY, 
 
 J. "William Cruit, Proprietor, 419 7th 
 
 street N.W. 
 
 This is one of the most extensive and 
 important houses in Washington engaged 
 in this line of industry. The business was 
 founded in 1882 by Mr. Frank Sharpless, 
 and is known as the Philadelphia Candy 
 Factory. Mr. Cruit, the present propri- 
 etor, succeeded to the business during the 
 present year. The premises occupied are 
 14 x 75 feet in dimensions, and well ar- 
 ranged for conducting the business and 
 manufacturing candies. Employment is 
 given to from three to six workmen, all 
 of whom are skilled in the making of the 
 various grades of confectionery. All kinds 
 of stick candy and confectionery are made, 
 a specialty being made of caramels and 
 fine mixed candies. A large business is 
 done at wholesale as well as retail, many 
 of the local dealers buying from this pop- 
 ular manufacturer. The trade is not con- 
 fined to the District, but extends to Mary- 
 land and Virginia. The proprietor, Mr. 
 J. Wm. Cruit, is a young man of much 
 experience, and enjoys the fullest confi- 
 dence of his customers, is full of energy 
 and enterprise, so that his success in this 
 business leaves him quite far, appar- 
 ently, from the limit of his ambition for 
 the future. He was born in Washington 
 and educated here in the preparatory de- 
 partment of Columbia University, and has 
 been a resident of Washington all his life. 
 Since taking this business he has not only 
 kej)t up the high class of goods and trade, 
 but has made a gradual increase in his 
 patronage, and of stock in their produc- 
 tion. 
 
 Dr. JAMES B. HODGKIN, 
 Dentist, 1409 New York avenue. 
 James B. Hodgkin, D. D. S., born in 
 Virginia in 1838, commenced the study 
 of dentistry in 1866, graduating in the 
 Baltimore College of Dental Surgery in 
 1869 ; elected demonstrator of dental 
 mechanism in that institution in 1873, 
 and made professor of dental mechanism 
 and metallurgy in the same in 1874. 
 For a number of years one of the editors 
 of the "American Journal of Dental Sci- 
 ence," and author of many papers on 
 subjects relating to dentistry ; is a mem- 
 ber of the Washington city Dental So- 
 
 ciety, The Maryland and District of Co- 
 lumbia Dental Association, The Southern 
 Dental Association, The National Dental 
 Association, and The Virginia State Den- 
 tal Society. Is at present (by seniority) 
 the oldest member of the faculty of the 
 Baltimore College of Dental Surgery,, 
 which is the oldest, and for many years 
 the only dental college in the world, and 
 delivers lectures regularly at its winter 
 
 sessions. 
 
 W. H. KILLMON, 
 
 Fine Groceries and Liquors, Corner 4th 
 
 and I sts., N.W. 
 
 Among our grocery and provision 
 stores there are none perhaps which 
 enjoy a more liberal patronage than that 
 of Mr. W. H. Killmon, at the corner of 
 4th and I streets, which he established in 
 1880, although he has been established 
 as a business man in this line for about 
 eighteen years. Employment is given to 
 four assistants, and one wagon is used to 
 deliver goods to his customers. The stock 
 consists of fine family groceries, provi- 
 sions, and the best brands of wines and 
 liquors to be had. Mr. Killmon was born 
 and educated in Washington, and has, 
 during the greater part of his life, been 
 identified with the industrial and com- 
 mercial enterprise of the city. He was 
 for several years a resident of California, 
 and while there held the position of dep- 
 uty United States ship commissioner at 
 San Francisco, an office in which he per- 
 formed the duties to the highest satisfac- 
 tion of the Government. 
 
 HARRIS & OLIVER, 
 Attorneys-at-Law, 494 Louisiana Ave. 
 
 Among the older and better known at- 
 torneys-at-law in the District of Columbia 
 is Mr. John N. Oliver. Mr. Oliver 
 was born in Henry County, Kentucky, 
 and with the exception of four and a half 
 years which he spent at his native home 
 and in Europe, he has been a resident of 
 Washington for thirty-four years. He 
 was admitted to practice at the Kentucky 
 bar, and the bar of the District of Colum- 
 bia, in 1864. From 1857 to 1861 Mr. 
 Oliver was a clerk in the Treasury De- 
 partment. In December, 1875, he re- 
 ceived his commission from the Supreme 
 Court of the District in general term, and 
 
144 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 was appointed United States commissioner. 
 In his law practice Mr. Oliver has con- 
 ducted several remarkable cases, and 
 among the number that of the Christiancy 
 divorce case, in which he was counsel for 
 Mrs. Christiancy. The first bill filed was 
 on May 12, 1880, followed by an amended 
 bill in 1883. An absolute divorce was 
 granted by the supreme court in special 
 term during the same year. The pro- 
 ceedings in this case elicited much inter- 
 est throughout the country. The partner 
 of Mr. Oliver is Mr. George E. Harris, 
 late attorney-general of Mississippi, and 
 who is a lawyer of distinguished abilities. 
 
 LOUIS KETTLER, 
 
 Merchant Tailor, No. 1222 F street, bet. 
 
 12th and 13th sts. 
 
 Mr. Louis Kettler has been in business 
 on F street since 1864, and has established 
 for himself an enviable reputation for the 
 style and fit of the garments he makes up. 
 His store is neat and comfortable, front- 
 ing on F street, being 25 x 60 feet, and is 
 one of the most desirable stands in the 
 city, being midway between the Govern- 
 ment Departments, and upon a street 
 which is a main thoroughfare, and upon 
 which the march of improvement is leav- 
 ing its impress every day. His business 
 necessitates the employment of seven 
 hands, all experienced in their several 
 departments. He carries a fine stock of 
 imported and domestic goods, embracing 
 all the choicest and latest patterns of piece 
 goods and suitings. Mr. Kettler was born 
 in Germany, receiving there an ordinary 
 school education. He came to this country 
 in 1856, and served for a short time dur- 
 ing the late war in the Union Army. In 
 his long business experience he has won 
 a host of friends, and has a standard trade. 
 All orders are filled with dispatch, and 
 seldom fail to give satisfaction. 
 
 A. S. TAYLOR, 
 
 Justice of the Peace, &c, Office, 1221 F 
 
 st. N.W. ; Residence, 1826 K st. N.W. 
 
 Mr. A. S. Taylor is now in his twelfth 
 year as justice of the peace, and is one out 
 of only two of the original fifty justices 
 under the territorial government who were 
 reappointed to that office by President 
 Hayes upon the reorganization of the local 
 judiciary of the District. There is only 
 
 one other justice in the District who has 
 served as long as himself. Besides his 
 duties as justice of the peace, Mr. Taylor 
 is a notary public and commissioner of 
 deeds. Mr. Taylor is a native of New 
 Jersey, in which commonwealth he was 
 born in 1838, and where he received a 
 good business education. He is a printer 
 by trade, but left the "case" in 1861 to 
 enter the regular service as a teamster at 
 McClellan's headquarters. He was must- 
 ered out of the service in Nov. '62, and en- 
 tered the Quartermaster's Department 
 here in Washington as a clerk, which 
 position he resigned in 1866 to enter into 
 the grocery business. During 1869 and 
 1870 he was a member of the Common 
 Council from the old First AVard, and was 
 chairman of the committee on public im- 
 provements during both years of his ser- 
 vice, and was really the original suggestor 
 of the improvements on that grand scale 
 which was subsequently carried out by 
 Mr. Shepherd. Mr. Taylor is also, by 
 profession, an attorney-at-law, being a 
 graduate of the Georgetown University 
 of the class of 1881. 
 
 SPRINGMAN & BRO., 
 Office, 620 Maryland Ave. S. W. 
 This business was established in 1882, 
 and from its inception has done a large 
 business. Employment is given to from 
 six to ten hands and twenty-four wagons 
 and drivers. The specialty is the hand- 
 ling of plate glass and heavy merchandise 
 of all kinds, beside doing a general ex- 
 press business. Baggage, packages, &c, 
 called for and delivered to depots * * * 
 steamboats, personal attention being given 
 to all matters. The main office of the 
 cempany is at 620 Maryland Ave. S. W., 
 and telephone connection is had with all 
 parts of the city. Baltimore and Alex- 
 andria branch offices are placed at 63 
 Water street, and the depot and yard 616 
 and 618 Maryland Ave. S. W. The in- 
 dividual members of the firm are Fred- 
 erick Springman and C. E. Springman, 
 both of whom were born and educated in 
 this city. The firm has hauled some of 
 the heaviest matter handled by any local 
 express in Washington, for which they 
 have extra facilities, and a disposition to 
 give satisfaction to all who may extend 
 their patronage to them. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 145 
 
 HENRY J. ENNIS. 
 
 Solicitor of Patents and Mechanical 
 
 Expert. Office 711 G street N. W. 
 
 The minute and practical knowledge of 
 machinery is a great help to the patent 
 attorney in the making of preliminary 
 examinations and in conceiving the idea 
 of the inventor. The gentleman whose 
 name is mentioned in this heading is a 
 patent attorney of nearly ten years stand- 
 ing, and a mechanical expert. His thor- 
 ough knowledge of the intricate records 
 of the U. S. Patent Office has given him 
 a fine reputation as a practical patent 
 attorney. Mr. Ennis established his pat- 
 ent agency in 1875, and since that time 
 has handled some of the most important 
 patents issued. His opinions as to valid- 
 ity or scope of patents, caveats, labels, 
 trade-marks, etc., generally have stood 
 the test of the law. Though soliciting 
 patents in all branches, he makes a 
 specialty of electricity, and the general 
 introduction of this element as a motive 
 power he has made his special study. 
 Mr. Ennis also pays special attention to 
 the construction of models of any descrip- 
 tion, and inventors will find it to their 
 interest to visit his extensive laboratory, 
 at 711 G street, connected with his office. 
 He is considered one of our most success- 
 ful young patent attorneys. 
 
 R. F. HARVEY, 
 Undertaker, 921 7th street N. W. 
 In general decorum and excellence of 
 arrangement, exercised at funeral occa- 
 sions, no house is more popularly known 
 in the District of Columbia than Mr. R. 
 F. Harvey's, located at No. 921 7th street 
 N. W. The house has every facility for 
 executing orders relating to the under- 
 taking business, from the most opulent 
 to the most humble. A specialty is made 
 of embalming, in accordance with the 
 newest methods. The warerooms for the 
 heavier articles in this branch of trade 
 are located in the rear of the first floor, 
 while telephonic communication is estab- 
 lished with all parts of the city. Among 
 the prominent persons, whose obsequies 
 were conducted by Mr. Harvey, are those 
 of President Lincoln, Vice-President 
 Wilson, Senator Sumner, and Lord George 
 Montague of the English Legation, while 
 the care of transferring the bodies of the 
 10 
 
 lamented Mrs. Surratt and the ill-advised 
 Wilkes Booth to other caskets was en- 
 trusted to his management. Mr. Harvey 
 has been established in the capital for 
 nearly twenty years, for many years he 
 has been in charge of the Congressional 
 funerals taking place in Washington. 
 
 S. G. BOUIS & Co., 
 
 Dealers in Stoves, Ranges, Furnaces, 
 
 etc., 1103 Seventh street N. W. 
 
 The house of S. G. Bouis & Co., at No. 
 1103 7th street, is a new one to the trade 
 and is rapidly extending its dealings to 
 all parts of the city. The business was 
 established in 1882, and occupies large 
 and commodious premises 25 x 60 feet in 
 dimensions, with a basement used as a 
 workshop 25 x 75 feet. Employment is 
 given to from three to eight workmen, 
 skilled in the various branches of the 
 trade. All kinds of house tinware is 
 made. Furnaces, latrobes, and ranges 
 receive consideration ; tin roofing and 
 spouting are the specialty of the house, 
 and among the many contracts of this 
 kind we mention the roofing of the Union 
 Transfer stables, and police stations. The 
 individual members of the firm are Mr. 
 S. G. Bouis, who was born in Frederick 
 county, Maryland, and educated in Wash- 
 ington, and is 27 years old, and Mr. H. 
 B. Miller, who was born and educated in 
 Washington, and is about 29 years of age. 
 These gentlemen are experienced in this 
 branch of the city's industries. 
 
 Dr. J. B. GIBBS, 
 Dentist, No. 703 Fifteenth street. 
 Dr. Gibbs' thorough knowledge of his 
 profession, and his long experience as a 
 leading dentist, have secured him the 
 reputation and practice he enjoys at pres- 
 ent. Dr. Gibbs was born in Charleston, 
 S. C, in 1811, and came to Washington 
 in 1832, where he finished his education 
 at the Columbian College. He is also a 
 graduate of the Baltimore College of 
 Dental Surgery. Dr. Gibbs is socially 
 one of the best known and popular mem- 
 bers of society, and his hosts of friends 
 bear testimony to his intellectual acquire- 
 ments and professional skill in the man- 
 agement of all cases which come under 
 his treatment. 
 
146 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 HOLLY TREE HOTEL. 
 Dining Rooms, 518 9th st. N. W. 
 
 This first-class temperance house 
 is among the best in a city noted, 
 for its many and elegant Dining 
 Rooms. 
 
 If it were well-known that the 
 best and cleanest accommodations, 
 in the very center of the business 
 part of the city, could be had for 
 one dollar per day, including good 
 airy room, and first-class board, 
 much money would be saved to 
 the traveling public that now goes 
 to hotels of larger pretentions, but 
 often inferior accommodations. 
 
 This house is one of the oldest 
 and best known in the city. It 
 has about twenty-five well furnish- 
 ed rooms, clean linen, and large 
 commodious dining rooms for la- 
 dies and gentlemen on first floor, 
 known for its faultless fixtures in 
 linens and silverware. Managed 
 on a strictly temperance basis, 
 with the street cars from both 
 depots passing the door, it can- 
 not fail to attract the well-deserv- 
 ed patronage of a large first-class 
 custom. 
 
 The rooms are always open for 
 hot and cold lunches, most flavor- 
 ous drip coffee, the purest milk, 
 and the best regular meals for the 
 price in the world. 
 
 A specialty is made in the 
 serving of oysters, and for eight 
 months in the year, the choicest 
 varieties of Chesapeake Bay oys- 
 ters are served in every possible 
 style. 
 
 The following is a specimen of the prices charged : 
 
 Regular meals, including from fifteen to twenty-five different dishes, 25 cents. 
 The lunches are: Sandwich, pudding, and glass of milk, 10 cents; oat meal and 
 milk, pudding, and pie, 10 cents; soup, bread and butter, and pie, 10 cents; toast, 
 tea, coffee or milk, 10 cents; pork and beans, bread and butter, tea, coffee, or 
 milk, 10 cents; coffee, bread, and butter, 10 cents; milk toast, 10 cents; glass of 
 milk, pudding, and pie, 10 cents; three fried oysters with jfickle, bread, butter, 
 and coffee, 15 cents; oyster stew with crackers, tea, coffee or milk, 25 cents; 
 two eggs, bread and butter, tea, coffee or milk, 20 cents ; tea, coffee, glass of milk, 
 bread and butter, pie, pudding, sandwich, potatoes, rolls, &c. &c, 5 cents each. 
 
 Mr. J. D. Croissant, the proprietor, has been identified with the capital's business 
 interest for many years, and through his efficient business management he has suc- 
 ceeded in building up a prosperous and highly appreciated business. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 147 
 
 R. C. M. BURTON, 
 
 Sail, Awning, Tent, and Flag Maker, 
 
 434 9th st. N.W. 
 
 Mr. Burton established his business in 
 1875, and occupies premises suitable for 
 his business, being large and convenient, 
 20 x 75 feet in dimensions, two stories 
 high, and fitted up with every conveni- 
 ence for the proper and speedy carrying 
 on of the business. Employment is 
 given to 14 skillful and rapid workmen, 
 and every facility is enjoyed for the mak- 
 ing of anything in the line of sails, awn- 
 ings, tents, and flags, promptly and well. 
 A specialty is made of horse and wagon 
 covers, hammocks, sacking bottoms, and 
 canvas articles of every description. 
 Decoration and reception canopies are 
 furnished for balls, parties, receptions, 
 and all out door gatherings. Mr. Burton 
 was born in Virginia in 1843, and was 
 there educated, served a five-year appren- 
 ticeship to the business of sail and awn- 
 ing making in New York, and came to 
 Washington in 1872, and since establish- 
 ing his business has by his practical and 
 thorough experience in all departments 
 made a decided success. 
 
 P. H. HEISKELL, Jr., & CO., 
 Agricultural Supply Depot, 913 La. ave. 
 Among the firms foremost in this city 
 in dealing in general agricultural supplies 
 is that of P. H. Heiskell, Jr., & Co., 
 whose extensive warerooms are located at 
 913 Louisiana avenue, 916 C street N.W., 
 and corner of H and Water streets S.W., 
 occupying the three floors of the entire 
 building. This live and enterprising firm 
 succeeded a firm established in this city 
 sixteen years ago, and their efforts have 
 built up an extensive business in all 
 classes of agricultural implements. Their 
 stock is large and varied, comprising 
 everything in their line of traffic, from a 
 hoe to the self-binding harvester and 
 steam thresher. The firm make a spe- 
 cialty of the sale of the famous "Old 
 Hickory" wagons, built for the road, 
 farm, lumber, log, and brick purposes. 
 They are extensive dealers in the latest 
 improved machinery of all kinds, promi- 
 nent among which, and for which they 
 are general agents, is the Avorld-renowned 
 Gilpin sulky plow, the premium vanisher 
 of all other sulky-breaking plows, the 
 
 Princess and Deerer spring cultivator, 
 Deerer double-rowed corn-planter, Os- 
 borne's self-binding harvester, indepen- 
 dent and combined reapers and mowers, 
 horse-power separators and threshers, 
 steam threshers and engines, the Empire 
 grain drill, the Acme harrow, clod crush- 
 er, and leveler, Philpot's manure and 
 lime spreader, which distributes either 
 broadcast or in drills, and is easily con- 
 verted into a farm cart; the "fan that 
 can," the "easy" lawn mower, Buckeye 
 force-pump and iron turbine wind-mills, 
 Buffalo, U. S., standard scales in all vari- 
 eties ; the latest improved patents of barb 
 fence wire. They are manufacturers of 
 high-grade fertilizers, Heiskell's mixture, 
 a high-grade guano for general crops. 
 Heiskell's potato and Heiskell's corn fer- 
 tilizer are made under Mr. Heiskell's 
 personal supervision, and are renowned 
 for their favorable results. Hardware, 
 harness, saddlery, stable, and dairy sup- 
 plies are also to be found at their ware- 
 rooms. Their seed department is very com- 
 plete, comprising a choice, well-selected 
 stock of all kinds of hot-bed, garden, and 
 and field seeds. Their sales are confined 
 exclusively to the trade, and at manu- 
 facturers' prices, which feature has added 
 to their popularity. Mr. P. H. Heiskell, 
 Jr., the head of the present firm, is a com- 
 paratively young business man, but one 
 of experience, with good judgment and 
 great business capacity. He is a native 
 of Prince George's county, Md., and most 
 favorably known in this city and vicinity. 
 
 M. CUNNINGHAM, 
 Practical Hatter, 811 H street. 
 Mr. M. Cunningham established his 
 business in 1862, and since that time has 
 been considered the leading practical 
 hatter in the city. In his business, em- 
 ployment is given to three skilled work- 
 men, and a general hatter's business is 
 carried on in manufacturing, cleaning, 
 and repairing. This is the oldest estab- 
 lished business of the kind now in the 
 city, and has been carried on in this im- 
 mediate vicinity since the business was 
 founded. Mr. Cunningham was born in 
 Ireland and came to this country when 
 but a lad, and was reared and raised in 
 Chester county, Pennsylvania, learning 
 his trade of hatter in Philadelphia. 
 
148 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY, 
 
 HUGHES' "OLD RELIABLE" SOAP 
 
 WORKS, cor. 25th and N sts. N. W. 
 
 MEMMERT & CO., Prop's. 
 
 Among the standard establishments of 
 this city is the Hughes "Old Reliable" 
 Soap Works, Memmert & Co., proprie- 
 tors, corner 25th and N streets. This 
 business was established in 1865 by Mr. 
 Hughes, who built up a large and flourish- 
 ing trade. On his death Mr. Memmert 
 bought the business, and with a great many 
 decided improvements he has increased it 
 to its present capacity and to a business 
 that is gradually enlarging. They occupy 
 a building 50 x 100 feet in dimensions, 
 their power being supplied by an eight- 
 horse power engine. Employment is 
 given to six hands, and two wagons are 
 used in the delivery of goods. The works 
 have a capacity of over 20,000 pounds 
 weekly, consisting of laundry and family 
 soap and the same general line of high- 
 standard soaps as manufactured by the late 
 proprietor. Mr. Memmert is a native of 
 Germany, coming to Georgetown in 1850. 
 For twenty -four years he was in the stove 
 and tinware business, taking a leading 
 rank among the dealers in that branch of 
 trade, and building up a trade that 
 was but an index of the good-will of his 
 pati-ons and the hold he had at large by 
 reason of his integrity. 
 
 in a first-class house of the kind. Mr. 
 Arnold was born in Baltimore and edu- 
 cated in Washington, and is a thorough 
 business man in every sense of the word. 
 Since attaining his majority he has been 
 closely identified with the business inter- 
 ests of the city. 
 
 WM. M. ARNOLD, 
 
 Groceries and Provisions, Corner 12th 
 
 and S sts. 
 
 Among the first-class grocery and pro- 
 vision houses located in the northern por- 
 tion of the city, there are none that for 
 location, excellence of stock, and every- 
 thing pertaining to a first-class business, 
 excels that of "Mr. Wm. M. Arnold, lo- 
 cated at the corner of 12th and S streets. 
 
 This business was established about 
 three years ago by the present proprietor. 
 The premises occupied are about 30 x 60 
 feet, and finely arranged for displaying 
 the stock and conducting the business. 
 Employment is given to three capable 
 assistants, who thoroughly understand the 
 business in all its branches. One wagon 
 is used to deliver goods to their customers 
 in the city. In the stock can be found 
 fine family groceries, table luxuries, pro- 
 visions, meats, fresh and salt, vegetables 
 and fruits, and all other goods to be found 
 
 WM. T. BALDTJS, 
 
 Manufacturing Pharmacist, Penna. ave. 
 
 and 19th street. 
 
 Mr. Baldus is a native of Prussia, and 
 has been resident of the District of Co- 
 lumbia for fifteen years. He was with 
 Mr. Charles Christiani, the well-known 
 druggist upon Pennsylvania avenue, as a 
 clerk for eight years, and has been estab- 
 lished at his present place of business 
 during the past eight years. Mr. Baldus 
 has a spacious and handsomely fitted up 
 store, embracing one of the most com- 
 plete stocks of chemicals, drugs, fancy 
 goods, toilet requisites, medicinal liquors, 
 etc., to be found in the District. He is a 
 thorough pharmacist, having studied the 
 science in all its branches, and is familiar 
 with it in all of its varied and compli- 
 cated details. The compounding and 
 dispensing of medicines is his specialty. 
 
 LEWIS & MURPHY, 
 Sign Painters, 8th & D streets N. W. 
 
 The firm of Lewis & Murphy is fami- 
 liar to those who have had first-class work 
 of this kind done. They make a specialty 
 of the painting of banners and show cards 
 in the newest and most original designs. 
 Gilded or plain signs with lettering of 
 any style is executed by the firm in a 
 manner second to none in this city. Both 
 members of the firm are artists, as well 
 in conception as in originality. The firm 
 consists of Mr. Wm. F. Lewis, a native, 
 and well-known artist of this city, and 
 Mr. Tim. Murphy, a native of New York, 
 but well-known in Washington for his 
 incomparable workmanship. The firm 
 was established in 1882, and though con- 
 sisting of two young business men has the 
 working talent in itself of artists of older 
 standing. Their workrooms have lately 
 been removed to the corner of 8th and 
 D streets, where they have all facilities 
 for the production of original and artistic 
 work. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 149 
 
 J. S. THOMPSON, 
 
 Dairy, 511 4J street S.W. 
 
 Among the leading dairymen of the 
 District we find the name of Mr. J. S. 
 Thompson. As pure milk is the desider- 
 atum of a first-class daily, it is a gratifi- 
 cation to call attention to the above gen- 
 tleman in these pages. His business was 
 established about three years ago, and 
 from the purity of his products he at once 
 took a leading stand among the dairymen 
 of the District. His dairy farm is near 
 Mount Vernon, about five miles from 
 Alexandria, and consists of about 300 
 acres of fine grazing land, every way well 
 adapted to dairy business. From 75 to 
 100 cows are required to supply his cus- 
 tomers, while a gradual increase is 
 necessary to keep pace with the increase 
 of his patronage. Five milk wagons are 
 kept running constantly, and employment 
 is given to from 5 to 10 assistants. Pure 
 milk at the lowest possible price is the 
 motto of the establishment. Mr. Thomp- 
 son is a native of this section of the coun- 
 try, and is a thorough and practical busi- 
 ness man, and his success has been gained 
 by his own unaided efforts, and through 
 sound business principles. 
 
 RICHARD K. EVANS, 
 
 Attorney-at-Law and Solicitor of U. S. 
 
 and Foreign Patents, 
 
 Phoenix Building, 10th and F sts. N, W. 
 The reputation as an able expert in 
 patent law, through an extensive practice 
 for sixteen years, has brought the name 
 of Mr. Evans prominently before invent- 
 
 ors and patentees. He was formerly an 
 active member of the firms of A. H. & R. 
 K. Evans and A. H. Evans & Co. Mr. 
 Evans' advice is daily sought in many 
 and most important law complications in 
 the litigations of patentees. Mr. Evans 
 makes a specialty of milling inventions, 
 mining machinery and mining processes 
 in all their branches, and is at present 
 the only expert in the District who has 
 made a profound study of these branches 
 of his profession. The reissuing of pat- 
 ents and the registering of trade-marks 
 receive Mr. Evans' attention, and the 
 minute and accurate searches in the rec- 
 ords of the United States Patent Office, 
 made in all languages, have obtained him 
 a reputation for efficiency reached by few. 
 Born in St. Augustine, Texas, in 1847, 
 Mr. Evans came to this city in 1866, and 
 has had the satisfaction of seeing his bus- 
 iness gradually extended to its present 
 proportions. His neat and practical of- 
 fices are in the Phoenix Building. Mr. 
 Evans sends copies of the United States 
 patent laws, on application, to any portion 
 of this country or Europe. 
 
 ANTON FISCHER'S 
 
 Dry Cleaning Establishment and Dye 
 
 Works, 906 Q street N. W. 
 
 One of the largest and most extensive 
 scouring and dyeing establishments of 
 Washington is that of Anton Fischer, 
 whose business is located at 906 G street 
 N. W. The scouring of this establish- 
 ment is done by chemical process ; Mr. 
 Anton Fischer being the original importer 
 of this industry to this country. The 
 patent machinery introduced by Mr. 
 Fisher is only applied in few establish- 
 ments of the kind in this country. Two 
 similar ones are in operation in New York, 
 one in Philadelphia, one in Baltimore, 
 and the remaining one in his own estab- 
 lishment in this city. In the treatment 
 of gentlemen's clothing and other articles 
 needing scouring, a process is applied, 
 guaranteed to prevent any change of 
 color or shape, and to return the articles 
 in the same condition as when they left 
 their original manufacturer. Mr. Fischer 
 is a native of Germany ; he came to this 
 country in early manhood, and to Wash- 
 ington in 1853, when he established his 
 present business. 
 
150 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 E. F. ANDREWS, 
 Artist, 79 Corcoran Building. 
 Mr. Andrews began his career as an 
 artist in 1865. He went to Europe when 
 young and spent 15 years in visiting and 
 studying at Diisseldorf and Paris, and 
 also after arriving in this country studied 
 at Cincinnati, where he painted the por- 
 trait of Reuben Springer, who had erected 
 and donated to that city its magnificent 
 music and art hall. In this city his work 
 is much admired. The splendid portrait 
 of Martha Washington, which adorns the 
 wall of the White House, was executed by 
 this artist, also Presidents Harrison, Jack- 
 son, Buchanan, Johnson, and Garfield. 
 On his last trip to Europe he sketched 
 and painted some of the beautiful pasto- 
 ral scenery at Stratford on the Avon. In 
 his convenient and handsome studio he 
 has at present a striking and handsome 
 portrait of Secretary Windom, and other 
 interesting works oi art. 
 
 Mr. Andrews was born in the State of 
 Ohio, and is a graduate of Marietta Col- 
 lege, coming to Washington in 1877. 
 
 MUTUAL RESERVE FUND LIFE 
 
 ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK, 
 I. Y. Knight, Manager, 1509 H street. 
 The Mutual Reserve Fund Life Asso- 
 ciation of New York was organized and 
 incorporated under the laws of New York 
 in 1880 for the purpose of furnishing to 
 its members a stable and reliable life in- 
 surance on a safe plan and at its actual 
 demonstrated cost. The Association had, 
 up to March 24th, 1884, done a total 
 business of $72,000,000, with a monthly 
 business of $3,000,000. Cash surplus, 
 May 1st, 1884, $170,000, and increasing 
 at the rate of $500 per day. $400,000 
 have been paid in death claims in the 
 past twelve months. The special reserve 
 fund in the hands of the Central Trust 
 Company, as trustee, amounts to $145,- 
 304.38. The mortuary assessments for 
 the years 1881, 1882, 1883 have averaged 
 on each $1,000 insurance as follows: Age 
 25 years, $3.67 per year; age 35 years, 
 $4.55 per year ; age 45 years, $6.01 per 
 year. Truly a fine showing, and one 
 that cannot be excelled by any company 
 in America. This system furnishes insur- 
 ance at cost upon the actual death-rate 
 experienced, instead of upon an assumed 
 
 daeth-rate. The expenses of management 
 are limited to $2 per $1,000. The possi- 
 ble adverse contingencies (increased mor- 
 tality) are guarded against by the reserve 
 fund. By this system all surplus and net 
 earnings accrue to members only, and all 
 losses are paid in full. Their pillar of 
 strength is a reserve fund, graded rates, 
 selected risks, tontine system, an open 
 ledger, and a trust company as trustee to 
 protect the reserve fund. I. Y. Knight, 
 the Washington manager of the above 
 company, is a practical insurance man of 
 over fifteen years' exjierience in old-line 
 companies, and was always opposed to 
 the assessment plan until this plan was 
 presented to him. He was born and edu- 
 cated in Pennsylvania, and came to 
 Washington two years ago to represent 
 this company as the manager of the 
 Washington branch, and is eminently the 
 right man in the right place. 
 
 JOHN HOCKEMEYER, 
 Grocer, Cor. 10th & O streets N. W. 
 
 The city of Washington numbers 
 among its most important industries large 
 grocery establisments. And among them 
 is that of Mr. John Hockemeyer, located 
 at the corner of 10th and O streets N.W. 
 Mr. Hockemeyer founded his business 
 about 14 years ago, and commencing in a 
 small and modest manner ; he has with 
 the rapid developement of the northwest- 
 ern portion of the city, built up a large 
 and satisfactory business. The premises 
 occupied are very handsome and finely 
 fitted up, being 20 x 80 feet in dimensions, 
 30 feet of the rear end being used for a 
 meat market, where all kinds of fresh 
 and salt meats may be had. Employ- 
 ment is given to five assistants, and two 
 wagons are required to deliver the goods 
 to his numerous customers, which number 
 the best families in that section of the 
 city. The stock consists of fine family 
 groceries, the best brands of wines, liquors, 
 and cigars, a specialty being made of teas 
 and fine creamery butter. 
 
 Mr. Hockemeyer was born and educated 
 in Germany, and has been a resident of 
 Washington for about 20 years. He is 
 highly esteemed by his patrons, and is 
 reliable in his business transactions, and 
 has earned a prominent position among 
 the leading business men of the city. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 151 
 
 L. DEANE, 
 
 Attorney and Counsellor-at-Law, 
 
 515 Seventh Street. 
 
 Prominent among the representatives 
 of the law in this city stands the name of 
 Llewellyn Deane, of 515 7th street N.W. 
 Mr. Deane established himself as an at- 
 torney in Washington in 1873, coming 
 from Maine, his native state, where he 
 was born in the town of Ellsworth. He 
 graduated at Bowdoin College, and 
 studied at the famous law school of Har- 
 vard College. Returning to his native 
 state, he was then admitted to the Bar at 
 Portland in 1852, and there commenced 
 a successful practice, which he continued 
 for nine years, a portion of which time he 
 was a member of the Maine Legislature. 
 Mr. Deane then removed to this city, 
 where for nine years he was principal ex- 
 aminer in the Patent Office. He then 
 resigned his position to enter into a gen- 
 eral practice of the law. He conducts 
 cases before the Patent Office, is a prac- 
 ticing attorney before the U. S. Supreme 
 Court, the District courts, the Depart- 
 ments, and Congress, and is a member of 
 the District Bar. He makes a specialty 
 of patent cases, a practice that he is em- 
 inently qualified to fill from his long con- 
 nection with the U. S. Patent Office. 
 
 615 7th st. N. W., opposite the United 
 States Patent Office, where a call can be 
 made personally or a communication ad- 
 dressed for information. 
 
 EDMUND E. MASSON, 
 Solicitor of Patents. 615 7th street. 
 
 Among the professions none requires 
 more sagacity than the successful solicit- 
 ing of patents. The manifold complica- 
 tions give the practical mechanical engi- 
 neer a great advantage over the theoretical 
 student. Mr. Masson was educated as 
 mechanical engineer and settled in Boston 
 in 1855, and began his profession as a 
 mechanical draughtsman ; his reputation 
 for skill and ingenuity secured him in the 
 beginning of the late war a position of 
 trust and responsibility in Cramp & Son's 
 ship yards in Philadelphia, where he had 
 charge during a period of five years of 
 the plans of the men-of-war and steamers 
 launched by that firm in the busy time of 
 warfare. The sudden reduction of that 
 business after the war brought Mr. Mas- 
 son to Washington, where he established 
 himself in 1867, as a solicitor of patents 
 in which he has become so prominent. 
 He will always be found at his office at 
 
 B. B. BRADFORD, 
 Architect, 1313 F street. 
 The gentleman whose card heads this 
 article is a native of Cincinnati, about 
 26 years of age, and is a graduate of the 
 Konigliche Hoch-Schule zu Stuttgart, 
 Germany, he attended that school four 
 years, graduatining 1879, and had three 
 years experience before returning to 
 his native land, and locating in 
 this city, where in 1883 he located at 
 1313 F street. From his schooling and 
 experience and business qualifications Mr. 
 Bradford enjoys an extended reputation 
 as a first-class architect, and there are 
 abundant evidences of his skill and ability 
 in drawing plans and supervising the con- 
 struction of buildings. His application 
 to study and assiduous work, combined 
 to a natural aptitude for designing, places 
 him among the foremost and rising archi- 
 tects of this city. 
 
 UNITED STATES TEA CO., 
 
 E. & R. G. Richard, Prop'rs, 628 
 
 Pennsylvania Avenue. 
 
 The United States Tea Company, E. 
 & R. G. Richard, proprietors, located 
 at 628 Pennsylvania avenue, is a most 
 important factor in this branch of in- 
 dustry. The business was established in 
 1883 by the present proprietors, and by 
 their enterprise and the high grade of 
 goods carried, have stepped to the front 
 in the business interests of the city. The 
 premises occupied are located in the very 
 heart of the business part of the city and 
 are well arranged for conducting the 
 trade. Employment is given to five com- 
 petent assistants, while the class of goods 
 handled, of which they have a large ^tock, 
 consists of teas and coffees of all grudes 
 and prices, and other goods pertaining to 
 the trade. The business is almost ex- 
 clusively wholesale, although their retail 
 business is very large. Mr. R. G. Richard 
 was born and educated in Mobile, Ala- 
 bama, and Mr. E. Richard was born 
 and educated in Germany. They have 
 both been residents of Washington for 
 the past two years. 
 
152 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 CHRISTIAN HEURICH'S BREWERY, 
 No. 1223-1235 Twentieth street northwest, Washington, D. C. 
 
 ^ffi^i^jy" 
 
 There is no brewery in the District or 
 the United States which has risen into im- 
 portance with more rapidity, or which now 
 possesses a wider sphere of operation than 
 the above-named one, owned and con- 
 ducted by Mr. Christian Heurich. The 
 excellence and purity of Heurich's beer 
 is universally known. In its manufacture 
 nothing of a deleterious character is used, 
 while the best malts of Canada, Wiscon- 
 sin, and Ohio are manipulated in its pro- 
 duction. The proprietor is perfectly will- 
 ing to abide by any chemical test that 
 may be applied since it has passed through 
 many of them triumphantly. The in- 
 creased use of Heurich's lager beer in 
 hospitals and private families is a suffi- 
 cient guarantee of its purity and health- 
 fulness. In fact, it is well known to be 
 one of the most honest and purest beers 
 produced. The brewery is located on 20th 
 street N. W., between M and N. For the 
 excellence of its plant, the completeness 
 of its entire working economy, and the 
 boldness and imposing character of its 
 architecture, it is second to none in the 
 country. It has two of the larger sized ice 
 machines to furnish the refrigeration for 
 the cellars and the fermenting rooms. 
 The engine is a 12-inch cylinder, 18-inch 
 stroke, from the best Rochester firm. The 
 
 brewery has a capacity of 50,000 barrels 
 per annum, and during the last twelve 
 months the sales reached almost its full 
 brewing capacity. Mr. Christian Heurich 
 is a native of Germany, where he was 
 born in 1842. He came to the United 
 States in 1866, and worked at his trade as 
 a brewer in Baltimore and Chicago. Mr. 
 Heurich, before coming to the United 
 States, was an overseer in the world-re- 
 nowned brewery of A. Dreher, of Vienna. 
 In 1872 he came to Washington and 
 opened a small brewery on the same prem- 
 ises now occupied by him. In 1877 ex- 
 tensive additions were made, and in 1882, 
 other extensions were started, bringing to 
 completion the grand establishment now 
 occupied. The continued increasing busi- 
 ness still demands larger facilities for the 
 brewing of his beer, and he contemplates 
 the erection of a new brewery. The site 
 for its construction is upon a lot of ground 
 owned by Mr. Heurich, embracing five 
 acres, at what is known as " Isherwood," 
 located on Sixteenth street Northeast. 
 The brewery will occupy an entire square 
 in block eight. The capacity of the new 
 brewery will be 100,000 barrels of beer 
 per annum, and so arranged that double 
 that amount can be produced if required. 
 There are several large and never-failing 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 153 
 
 springs upon the grounds owned by Mr. 
 Heurich, and adjacent to it the " Federal " 
 spring, which became somewhat historic 
 during the war. The material to be used 
 in the new structure will be brick, and 
 the brewery will be supplied with all the 
 latest improvements as well as with all 
 of the latest appliances known in mechan- 
 ical science. The great success of Mr. 
 Heurich is largely due to his being a per- 
 fect master of the art of brewing himself, 
 and an unwavering determination to make 
 only high standard grades of beer. He 
 is essentially a self-made man ; a man of 
 plain manners and habits, and an orna- 
 ment to the guild in which he has become 
 so prominent a figure. 
 
 JOHN F. ELLIS & CO., 
 Pianos, Organs, and Music, 937 Penn- 
 sylvania Avenue. 
 
 Chas. B. Bayly, Manager. 
 One of the leading establishments in 
 Washington for the sale of music and 
 musical instruments is that of John F. 
 Ellis & Co., at 937 Pennsylvania avenue. 
 The premises consist of a handsome build- 
 ing, three stories of which are used for 
 sales and the fourth story being the work- 
 shop and storage rooms. The first floor, 
 where the general business is conducted, 
 is one of the most spacious in Washing- 
 ton, running back to D street. On this 
 street is the elevator on which the pianos 
 and organs are carried to the upper sto- 
 ries. On the second and third floors, also 
 very spacious and handsome, are stored 
 pianos and organs both for sale and rent. 
 The business of this house was established 
 in 1852, and has not only a local but a 
 national reputation. The firm are agents 
 for Weber's pianos, Mason & Hamlin's 
 organs, and others. Mr. Charles B. Bayly 
 has had a large experience in the busi- 
 ness, both in Baltimore and Washington. 
 
 J. H. HERRON, 
 
 Claim and Insurance Agent, Room 7 
 
 St. Cloud Building, cor. F & 9th sts. 
 
 Mr. J. H. Herron, the well-known and 
 popular claim and insurance agent, is 
 among the most successful business men 
 of the District. His offices are finely lo- 
 cated in the business center of the city, 
 and are well arranged for the business. 
 Claims against the Government are the 
 
 leading specialty, and in this branch of 
 his profession he has met with a signal 
 success. Mr. H. is also the Washington 
 District and Receiving agent of the U. B. 
 Mutual Aid Society of Pa. This society is 
 one of a purely mutual benefit and aid to 
 members. Nearly 300 members belong- 
 ing to this city are already policy-holders 
 in this society. Explanatory circulars, 
 with table of rates and full explanation, 
 will be forwarded to any address upon 
 application to Mr. Herron. The officers 
 of the " U. B. " are all gentlemen well 
 known for their sterling business integ- 
 rity, thus insuring an honest, safe, and 
 judicious management of the affairs of the 
 company. Mr. Herron, the Washington 
 representative of the company, is a well- 
 known business man. He was born in 
 Pennsylvania, and was there educated. 
 He came to Washington in 1862, and has 
 here remained since as one of its promi- 
 nent and progressive citizens. Mr. Her- 
 ron makes a specialty of land, pension, 
 and bounty claims against the Govern- 
 ment, in which he has had great experi- 
 ence and most remarkable success. 
 
 J. B. BUTLER, 
 
 Bottler of Heurich's and Philip Bests 
 
 Milwaukee Beers, 1237 20th street. 
 
 There are but few breweries in this 
 country which have risen in importance 
 with so much rapidity, or which now pos- 
 sess a wider sphere of operation than 
 those of Chr. Heurich of this city and 
 Ph. Bests of Milwaukee. The excellence 
 and purity of these beers are universally 
 known. In their manufacture nothing of 
 a deleterious character are used, and the 
 proprietors are perfectly willing to abide 
 any chemical test that may be applied. 
 Mr. J. B. Butler, the bottler of Heurich's 
 and Bests beer, established his business 
 about 6 years ago, and was the first to 
 bottle Heurich's beer. This business he 
 followed until the beginning of the pre- 
 sent year when be also became the agent 
 and bottler of Bests Milwaukee lager 
 beer. The premises occupied are 25 x 
 100 feet in extent, and well supplied with 
 all the modern conveniences for the work. 
 Employment is given to five workmen, 
 who thoroughly understand the business 
 in all its branches. One carload of 
 Milwaukee beer and an equal amount of 
 
154 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 Heuricli's are bottled and sold weekly ; 
 hotels, restaurants, private residences, 
 &c., are supplied, and in addition to this 
 the finest brands of Bavarian, Bohemian, 
 and Excelsior beer is kept on hand. Two 
 wagons are used in delivering the products 
 to all parts of the city to the many 
 patrons of the house. Mr. Butler, the 
 proprietor, was born and educated in 
 Virginia, and has been a resident of 
 Washington for over twenty years, during 
 which time he has been closely identified 
 with the business interests of the city. 
 He is highly esteemed in the business 
 community of this city, as a representa- 
 tive business man. 
 
 GEO. W. DYER, 
 
 Attorney and Counsellor at Law, &c, 
 519 Seventh street. 
 
 Colonel Dyer is a native of Maine, was 
 educated at Yale and Bowdoin Colleges, 
 and is an alumnus of the last-named col- 
 lege ; was admitted to the bar in Maine, 
 and practiced law there until the break- 
 ing out of the war. During this period 
 he was a municipal judge, and a member 
 of the Legislature. At the breaking out 
 of the war he became a member of the 
 staff of the Governor of Maine, with the 
 rank of lieutenant colonel, and the duty 
 of quartermaster and commander of camps 
 of regiments raised as a part of the quota 
 of his State. Subsequently he became a 
 paymaster in the army, and as such was 
 stationed in Washington from 1863 to 
 1869, when he was mustered out of mili- 
 tary service. He immediately resumed 
 the practice of law, making a specialty of 
 patents, and has continued in the same 
 business ever since. He is a member of 
 the bar of the Supreme Court of the 
 United States, of the supreme court for 
 the District of Columbia, and of the prin- 
 cipal Federal courts of the United States, 
 and his patent practice lies in these courts 
 as well as in the Patent Office, where his 
 principal business has been that of coun- 
 sel in contested cases. Outside of his 
 specialty he has been pretty well known 
 as the counsel who successfully defended 
 General O. O. Howard before the mili- 
 tary court of which Gen. Sherman was 
 president, and in the supreme court of the 
 District in the suit of the United States 
 against Gen. Howard. In the Patent 
 
 Office he is best known for his connection 
 with the great interference in stoves, and 
 on the Bell telephone. He has also been 
 employed largely by Mr. Edison in elec- 
 tric cases, and in interferences growing 
 out of them. During his residence in 
 Washington, Col. Dyer was two years a 
 member of the local legislature, having 
 all the votes at his last election, and for 
 several years was a member of the board 
 of school trustees ; and in that capacity 
 was active in making reforms which were 
 instrumental in bringing the public schools 
 of Washington to their present point of 
 efficiency. 
 
 COLUMBIA FILE WORKS, 
 H. Rosendale, Prop'r, 1218 C st. N.W. 
 
 The manufacture of stone-cutters' tools, 
 mill picks, ground picks, files, rasps, and 
 edge tools of all kinds, embraces an enter- 
 prise well represented in Washington by 
 Mr. H. Rosendale, where the highest skill 
 is necessary in their preparation for their 
 specific purposes. In this respect the es- 
 tablishment of Mr. Rosendale has secured 
 the reputation of producing the most per- 
 fect and durable tools for use in the vari- 
 ous avocations. The business was estab- 
 lished in 1877 and occupies premises 20 
 x 40 feet in dimensions. A specialty is 
 made in file cutting, in fact that being 
 the main business of the works, also 
 grinding and sharpening all kinds of 
 tools. Mr. Rosendale was born and edu- 
 cated in Russia, and has been in America 
 since 1872. He is a skilled workman of 
 long experience as well as a straight- 
 forward business man, and all orders 
 given will be executed to the letter. He- 
 has the best appliances for the execution 
 of work, and is thereby able to compete 
 with any similar establishment in this 
 section of the country in quality and 
 price. 
 
 L. DURBIN WALTER, 
 Pharmacist, Cor. 6th and G sts. N.W. 
 Among the more prominent members 
 of the pharmaceutical profession in the 
 city is Mr. L. Durbin Walter, who has 
 for many years been engagrd in this pro- 
 fession, and now occupies a fine and well- 
 stocked store, which is located in the 
 heart of the commercial section of the 
 city. This store was started by D. D. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY, 
 
 155 
 
 Taulman in 1849, and was conducted by 
 him until December, 1882, when the pres- 
 ent proprietor purchased it, Mr. Walter 
 having served a period of eight years with 
 the former proprietor. A general line of 
 drugs and fancy goods is carried con- 
 stantly, a specialty being made of the 
 careful compounding of physicians' pre- 
 scriptions with pure drugs. Mr. Walter 
 was born and educated in Washington, 
 and brings to his business ripe experience 
 in all its details. 
 
 JAMES A. ASHLEY, 
 Patents, No. 700 Ninth street N. W. 
 
 For a skilled artisan to produce a new 
 machine, that is to say, one in which some 
 one or more of its parts, or in their ar- 
 rangement, is different from any that has 
 preceded it, is not difficult. In other 
 words, it is easy to make what the law re- 
 gards as a new invention. The new ma- 
 chine may so closely resemble an old ma- 
 chine in the same class that only an ex- 
 pert would be able to perceive a difference 
 between them, yet the difference — per- 
 haps a single new element added, or an 
 old element changed in its relation to its 
 co-operating parts — may produce, in its 
 resultant effects, the difference between 
 success and failure; between a machine 
 which could be operated with but pr.rtial 
 success, or perhaps not at all, and one 
 which under all circumstances will ac- 
 complish what is desired and expected of 
 it. To prepare a specification which shall 
 correctly describe what the inventor has 
 produced, and which shall clearly dis- 
 tinguish the differences, however minute, 
 between the old construction and the 
 new ; and to write claims which, while 
 fully protecting the inventor, shall pre- 
 sent the distinguishing features in a salient 
 manner, so as to make straight the path 
 of the examiner, and render it easy for 
 him to make affirmative action ; is the 
 work of the patent solicitor; and upon his 
 ability to accomplish this work with cer- 
 tainty, depends the value of his services 
 to the inventor. When we consider the 
 vast number of patents annually issued 
 by the U. S. Patent Office, which, because 
 of defects in their preparation, are utterly, 
 worthless for all purposes of protection; 
 the importance of care in the selection of 
 
 an attorney, must be obvious to every in- 
 ventor. To those who desire to avail 
 themselves of the services of an attorney 
 who will give to their inventions the same 
 thoughtful consideration that he would 
 bestow upon his own, the gentleman 
 whose name stands at the head of this 
 article is recommended. As an examiner 
 for many years in the Patent Office, Mr. 
 Ashley enjoyed the confidence of attor- 
 neys and inventors ; as well as of the mem- 
 bers of the examining corps, and the 
 officers of the bureau ; and as an attorney 
 he is regarded as among the foremost, for 
 the ability, diligence, skill, and persistence 
 with which all patent business entrusted 
 to his care is conducted. 
 
 ROBERT BOWDLER, 
 469 and 470 Centre Market, B st, wing. 
 
 Among the most extensive establish- 
 ments devoted to this branch of industry 
 in Washington is that conducted by Mr. 
 Robert Bowdler. He established his bus- 
 iness about fifteen years ago, and has, by 
 close attention to it, built up a fine trade, 
 and one which is constantly increasing. 
 The premises occupied are two and one- 
 half acres in extent, well supplied with 
 green-houses and everything pertaining 
 to the business and the proper manner of 
 propagating of plants. A large and fine 
 assortment of green-house and bedding 
 plants are kept constantly on hand; also 
 bulbs of every description. Cut flowers 
 and floral designs are promptly furnished, 
 and are the specialty of the house. The 
 green-houses are located on the Benning's 
 Bridge road, near the terminus of the 
 Columbia railroad, while the business lo- 
 cation is stalls 469-470 Centre Market. 
 Mr. Bowdler was born and educated in 
 Dublin, Ireland, and has been a resident 
 of Washington for twenty years. 
 
 J. E. N. INGALLS, 
 Dentist, 461 Pennsylvania Ave. N.W. 
 This city is certainly blest with able 
 professors of this art, among whom we 
 find the name of J. E. N. Ingalls, dentist, 
 461 Pennsylvania avenue. Mr. Ingalls 
 follows the beaten track paved with com- 
 mon sense, and studied his profession 
 thoroughly before he commenced the prac- 
 tice. His practice was established in 
 Washington in 1875, at the above loca- 
 
156 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 tion, where lie has well-fitted-up operating 
 rooms. Mr. Ingalls was born and edu- 
 cated in New York State, and practiced 
 in Ohio for several years previous to his 
 coming to Washington, and the reputa- 
 tion that he has attained since here is due 
 to his abliity and to his straightforward 
 course and reliability. 
 
 THE GARFIELD DINING ROOMS, 
 908 F st. N. W., "Washington, D. C. 
 
 W. T. CRUMP, Proprietor. 
 
 When the White House had obtained 
 a wide-spread reputation for the artistic 
 standard of its catering, the cuisine and 
 culinary departments were for four years 
 under the superintendence of Mr. Wm. T. 
 Crump. He is at present the proprietor 
 of the elegant dining rooms at 908 F st., 
 where he occupies two floors, the secoud 
 is fitted especially for ladies. His well- 
 established reputation as a caterer has 
 attracted to his establishment an exten- 
 sive patronage, and at his tables every- 
 thing can be obtained to suit the most 
 fastidious epicure. Mr. Crump makes a 
 specialty of the serving of refreshments, 
 dinners, or suppers to private entertain- 
 ments or for balls and parties. He will 
 be remembered as the faithful attendant 
 to our late lamented President. 
 
 H. CLAY SMITH, 
 
 Patent Solicitor and Mechanical Expert, 
 Room No. 7, Federal Building. 
 
 A long experience in prosecuting pat- 
 ent applications, combined with a minute 
 practical knowledge of mechanics, gives 
 Mr. Smith a prominence in his profession. 
 
 His facilities for preparing papers and in- 
 stituting searches as to the validity and 
 scope of patents, caveats, etc., are unsur- 
 passed, and he is a mechanical expert, 
 and has had a long experience since the 
 establishment of his business in 1867. He 
 is a native of New York, and came to the 
 District when quite young. His long ex- 
 perience has made him eminently fit for 
 the prosecution of claims of infringement 
 or contested cases, many of which he has 
 brought to a most successful result. 
 
 Searches as to validity of existing pat- 
 ents, and as to scope of existing claims, 
 are specialties. 
 
 "WILLIAM WOLTER, 
 
 Florist, 124 B st., Greenhouses 14th st. 
 
 Road, Mt. Pleasant. 
 
 The avocation of florist has, in the 
 past decade, become an important one in 
 Washington, and perhaps there are none 
 more thoroughly practical than is Mr. W. 
 Wolter, florist, at Mt. Pleasant, 14th st. 
 This business was established about 17 
 years ago by the present proprietor, and 
 from the beginning it took a prominent 
 position. The premises occupied consist 
 of about four acres, upon which are six 
 well-arranged greenhouses. Flowers of 
 almost every kind are propogated, and cut 
 flowers are furnished at all times for wed- 
 dings, funerals, receptions, and parties ; 
 floral designs of all kinds are made, and 
 a reputation for artistic work is held by 
 the proprietor. 
 
 Mr. Wolter was born and educated in 
 France, and came to this country in 1854, 
 and to Washington about 20 years ago. 
 He is a practical and thorough floricul- 
 turist, and to this he owes much of his suc- 
 cess. 
 
 MME. DEMONET & SON, 
 Confectioners, 1714 Penna. avenue. 
 Among the standard business enter- 
 prises of this city is that of Mine. Demonet 
 & Son, situated at No. 1714 Penna. ave. 
 This business is closely identified with the 
 commercial interests of the city, and was 
 founded by John Charles Demonet in 
 1848 in a small and modest manner, and 
 was then obliged to deliver the products 
 of the house in a wheelbarrow, so limited 
 was his means. It is now one of the 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 157 
 
 leading houses of the kind in the city- 
 Under the judicious management of Mme. 
 Demonet & Son the high reputation ac- 
 quired by the house has not been allowed 
 to deteriorate, and the trade has con- 
 stantly increased. The house occupied is 
 a fine three-story brick building, well 
 arranged and adapted for the purpose of 
 a first-class confectioner. The very finest 
 of confections, creams, pastry, cakes, &c, 
 are manufactured of the finest quality 
 and unexcelled in purity and flavor. 
 Madame Demonet has furnished the 
 President's House since President Buch- 
 anan with all the confections, creams, 
 pastries, &c, used, as well as the best 
 families in the city. Mme. Demonet was 
 born and educated in France, but has 
 been a resident of Washington for above 
 thirty-five years. The fine pyramidal 
 and other fine work for the White House 
 has for the last fourteen years been done 
 by Jules A. Demonet, one of the sons. 
 He is a master workman in this branch 
 of decoration, and learned the principal 
 features at Delmonico's famous place in 
 New York. 
 
 JOHN J. COOK, AGENT, 
 
 Carriage and Wagon Manufacturer, 
 3293 to 3297 M st. 
 
 The establishment of John J. Cook, 
 agent, and carriage manufacturer, has 
 reached a prominent position in the man- 
 ufacture of fine vehicles, and is not sur- 
 passed by any establishment in the city. 
 The business was established in 1863, and 
 the p remises now occupied are 75 x 120 
 feet in dimensions, being in every respect 
 well arranged for the business. All kinds 
 of vehicles are manufactured, a specialty 
 being made of varnished wagons, and all 
 kinds of business wagons. Employment 
 is given to ten skilled workmen, who 
 thoroughly understand the business, es- 
 pecial pains being taken with repairing, 
 and that department of the business is 
 replete in every particular. The business 
 is confined principally to the city, yet a 
 large patronage has been secured 
 throughout the surrounding counties of 
 Maryland and Virginia. Mr. Cook was 
 born in Ireland, and came to America in 
 1853, was educated in Baltimore, and 
 came to Washington in 1862. One year 
 after he established the business, which by 
 
 his energy and close attention he has 
 built up to a leading position, and marked 
 an impetus to the manufacturing interest 
 which has served to stimulate competition. 
 
 J. W. SINCLAIR, 
 
 Machinist Engineer, &c, No. 1112 C 
 
 street N.W. 
 
 The tendency of the age is to supersede 
 human labor by mechanical power ; people 
 of a speculative turn of mind allow the 
 imagination to dwell in anticipation upon 
 the time when manual labor shall have 
 ceased from the land and man shall be 
 emancipated from toil. This thought was 
 suggested by a visit to the machine-shop 
 of Mr. J. W. Sinclair and an examination 
 of the fine machinery he has in his shop 
 to carry on his business, and the demands 
 made upon it. This business was estab- 
 lished in 1869, and occupies premises 40 
 x 150 feet in dimensions, and gives em- 
 ployment to nine skilled mechanics. All 
 kinds of machine work is done, also repair- 
 ing and building of all kinds of machin- 
 ery, elevators, engines, &c, and estimates 
 will be given on any kind of mechanical 
 or engineering work. Mr. Sinclair was 
 born and educated in Virginia, and has 
 been a resident of Washington for forty 
 years. He served his time with John 
 McClellanand worked with him 1-4 years, 
 then worked in the navy yard as machinist 
 in the ordnance department for seven 
 years. He was also engineer for the 
 Washington City Fire Department for 
 four years, when he resigned and estab- 
 lished his present flourishing and pros- 
 perous business. 
 
 L. C. F. HUGO, D. D. S., 
 1333 F street. 
 Dr. L. C. F. Hugo, D. D. S., of 1333 
 F street, was born in Missouri in 1852, 
 and received a collegiate education in that 
 State, came to Washington in 1875, and 
 established himself in business in 1880 at 
 the above location, where he has com- 
 modious parlors. The doctor is a gradu- 
 ate of that celebrated institution, the 
 Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, and 
 pays attention to all branches of his pro- 
 fession. He enjoys a large and con- 
 stantly increasing practice, which extends 
 throughout the city. 
 
158 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 GEO. A. SHEHAN, 
 
 Dealer in Lumber, &c, 15th st., bet. B 
 
 and C sts. N.W., and 7th st. Wharf. 
 
 Oue of the most extensive and thorough- 
 ly stocked lumber yards in the city is that 
 of Mr. Geo. A. Shehan, which was es- 
 tablished in 1876, and occupy large prem- 
 ises on 15th street, and large yards at 7th 
 street wharf, and giving employment to 
 from 15 to 20 workmen. The yards are 
 heavily stocked with every variety of 
 lumber, and provided with numerous sheds 
 and buildings for the storage of dressed 
 stock. They carry a very large stock of 
 Virginia, Florida, North Carolina, and 
 white pine, mahogany, walnut, poplar, 
 ash, cabinet oak, white oak, and quartered 
 oak, shingles, lath, pickets, &c, embrac- 
 ing everything in the lumber and build- 
 ing supply line. The business connections 
 extend through the District and the States 
 of Virginia, Maryland, Michigan, Penn- 
 sylvania, Ohio, North Carolina, Georgia, 
 and Florida. The facilities for procuring 
 the best and most desirable grades of 
 lumber are unsurpassed, and this is made 
 a special feature of the business. Mr. 
 Shehan was born and educated in Balti- 
 more, and is a young man full of energy 
 and enjoying unusual facilities for con- 
 ducting his business, and to his individual 
 efforts and business ability has been due 
 the success which has attended the enter- 
 prise since its inception. 
 
 JOHN H. GHEEN, 
 
 Phoenix Livery, Hiring, and Sale 
 Stables, 627 and 629 G street N.W. 
 
 Mr. Gheen became connected with the 
 livery business in Washington nearly 
 thirteen years ago, and at present has one 
 of the most complete establishments of 
 the kind in the capital. He is successor 
 to the well-known and popular firm of 
 Gheen & Osborn, which became so well 
 known to all who enjoy a good turnout at 
 fair rates. The building occupied is a 
 fine three-story structure, 56 x 212 feet 
 in dimensions, and thoroughly equipped 
 with every late improvement for facili- 
 tating business. His vehicles are well 
 known wherever they appear, being 
 stylish and always in complete order for 
 the road. He has constantly in his stalls 
 at livery and for hire from 60 to 80 horses, 
 his steeds being all fine roadsters and 
 
 kept in perfect trim. Employment is 
 given to from twelve to twenty hands, and 
 competent and trusty drivers are always 
 to be had for wedding, funeral, and other 
 occasions at short notice. The Phoenix 
 stables are centrally located, and tele- 
 phonic communication is had with all 
 parts of the city and environs. Mr. 
 Gheen was born in Lancaster county, Pa., 
 and came to Washington about the time 
 of locating his business here, and in which 
 he has built up a standard trade and a 
 patronage among the best class of our 
 citizens. All in all, both visitors to the 
 capital and residents wishing fine rigs for 
 either sight-seeing or pleasure riding can 
 always be suited at Mr. Gheen's centrally 
 located stables. 
 
 E. B. WARREN & CO., 
 
 Dealers in Coal Tar Products, Roofing 
 
 Material, &c, corner 27 th and H sts. 
 
 Among the specialties in manufactur- 
 ing enterprises that of E. B. Warren & 
 Co., manufacturers and dealers in coal 
 tar products, roofing material, black var- 
 nish, &c, is deserving of notice. For a 
 long time the tar produced in distillation 
 of coal was not only considered of no 
 value, but entailed upon the gas works a 
 large expense in its destruction or re- 
 moval, and the utilization of it as a busi- 
 ness is of recent origin. E. B. Warren 
 & Co., are pioneers in this business, hav- 
 ing established in 1865, and at their pres- 
 ent location occupy premises 200 feet 
 square and give employment to a large 
 force of hands, using a four-horse engine 
 as motive power. The bulk of their 
 business is in producing pitch or com- 
 position of different grades, as made 
 for use in roofing and in paving of dif- 
 ferent kinds. The goods in this line 
 manufactured by this firm have a repu- 
 tation for excellence excelled by no other 
 makers in this country. Mr. E. B. War- 
 ren, the senior member of the firm, is a 
 native of New Hampshire, where he was 
 born in 1833. He came to Washington 
 in 1865, and had previously been engaged 
 in the same line of business in Philadel- 
 phia. Since establishing the business in 
 this city this firm has attained great 
 prominence, no distiller of coal tar in the 
 country havingbetter facilities for hand- 
 ling; raw material than E. B. Warren & Co. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 159 
 
 H. W. BLUNT, 
 
 Manufacturer of Hydraulic Cement, 
 
 Office, 31st tsreet and Canal. 
 
 At the time of the construction of the 
 Chesapeake and Ohio Canal the peculiar- 
 rock from which hydraulic cement is 
 made was found to abound near Shep- 
 herdstown, West Virginia, and, being 
 manufactured, was used by the canal 
 company in the construction of its locks 
 and other masonry. In 1876 the prop- 
 erty, consisting of the walls of the brick 
 mill-house, with annex, together with 
 dwelling-house, smith, cooper, and car- 
 penter-shop, six kilns for burning the 
 stone, and thirteen acres of land, were 
 bought by a number of gentlemen of this 
 city, who organized a stock company, un- 
 der the name of the Potomac Mills Min- 
 ing and Manufacturing Company, for the 
 purpose of manufacturing hydraulic 
 cement. The cost of the original pur- 
 chase and improvements was about one 
 hundred thousand dollars. This com- 
 pany carried on the manufacture of 
 cement until 1877. About this time, the 
 Board of Public Works having been 
 abolished, all work stopped, and the Po- 
 tomac Mills Mining and Manufacturing 
 Company suspended in consequence of 
 the heavy debt incurred at the early part 
 of its existence; and in 1878 the property 
 was sold under deed of trust and bought 
 in by the first mortgage bondholders. In 
 July, 1878, Mr. Blunt leased the prop- 
 erty, and has since conducted the busi- 
 ness in his individual capacity. He had 
 previously bought the adjacent tract of 
 land, containing about 98 acres, which is 
 underlaid with the valuable rock from 
 which he draws his principal supply for 
 the manufacture of this cement. The 
 cement is shipped via the Chesapeake and 
 Ohio Canal and the Potomac River to his 
 warehouse in Georgetown. The capacity 
 of the mill is 250 barrels per day, and 
 from thirty to forty men are employed 
 eight or nine months in the year. This 
 cement is what is known as " slow-setting," 
 and ultimately attains a very high tensile 
 strength. It is used for all underground 
 work, for building sewers, concreting 
 damp cellars, &c, and as a base for 
 asphalt pavements, and is extensively 
 used by the District and general govern- 
 ment. It is known in the market as 
 
 " H.W. Blunt's Shepherdstown Hydraulic 
 Cement." Mr. Blunt is a native of Mary- 
 land, born, raised, and educated in Mont- 
 gomery County, and has been a citizen 
 of the District for many years, where he 
 is well and generally known as an ener- 
 getic business man. 
 
 J. R. NOTTINGHAM, 
 Solicitor of Patents, No. 515 7th street 
 The experience obtained in the U. S. 
 Patent Office during many years has 
 qualified Mr. J. R. Nottingham eminently 
 for his present calling. He is prepared 
 to make rigid preliminary examinations, 
 on which the issuing of a patent so much 
 depends. For the preparing of opinions 
 on caveats and the registration of labels, 
 trademarks, designs, etc., he is widely and 
 favorably known. Mr. Nottingham is 
 thoroughly acquainted with all the de- 
 tails of the intricate laws on those sub- 
 jects. He is a native of the District of 
 Columbia, and established his business 
 nearly six years ago, and inventors will 
 find an able exponent by availing them- 
 selves of his extensive experience in pat- 
 ent matters. 
 
 LANGLEY & GETTINGER, 
 
 Carpenters and Builders, corner 12th 
 
 and B streets N. W. 
 
 The firm of Langley & Gettinger has, 
 since its formation, enjoyed the distinc- 
 tion of being one of the most prominent 
 in Washington. This firm was established 
 four years ago for the purpose of carpen- 
 tering, building, and contracting, and in 
 the business employment is given to from 
 five to forty workmen. All kinds of 
 carpenter and building work is carried 
 on. Contracts are taken for the complete 
 finishing of a building ready for occu- 
 pancy. A specialty is made of jobbing 
 and repairing. Many of the fine resi- 
 dences and buildings of the city were built 
 by this firm, among which we note the 
 following : The " Richmond Flats," Com- 
 modore Upshur's house, now under con- 
 struction, several fine buildings for J. M. 
 Young on 7th street, Lieutenant Mason's 
 house, the fine residences of Judge Hillyer 
 on Hillyer avenue, and many others. In 
 1882 the firm built thirty-four houses, 
 while in 1883 their business amounted to 
 over $180,000, and the prospects are that 
 
160 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 during the year 1884 it will quite reach a 
 quarter of a million. Of the individual 
 members of the firm C. A. Langley was 
 born and educated in New Hampshire, 
 and has been a resident of Washington 
 for about eight years, while Mr. J. G. 
 Gettinger is a native of Maryland, where 
 he was educated, and has been a citizen 
 of Washington since 1867. 
 
 C. H. PICKLING, 
 Forrest Hall Drug Store, 1260 32d st. 
 The business of Mr. C. H. Fickling at 
 1260 32d street was established in 1875 
 and occupies handsome and attractive 
 premises 40 x 100 feet, giving employ- 
 ment to two clerks. The stock is large 
 and arranged with unusually good taste, 
 everything being complete. Fine drugs, 
 chemicals, patent medicines, fancy and 
 toilet articles. Mr. Fickling is proprietor 
 of and makes a specialty of " Fielding's 
 Boquet de Washington " cologne and 
 " Pearl White Tooth Powder." He has 
 an extensive prescription trade, and in 
 this department of the business this house 
 ranks among the first. Mr. Fickling was 
 born and educated in South Carolina and 
 came to the District in 1870. He is a 
 young man full of action and energy, is 
 very popular, and has a large circle of 
 friends among the business portion of the 
 community. 
 
 W. H. FRENCH, 
 Taxidermist, 419 12th street. 
 
 The preservation of the various species 
 of birds and animals is now made a spe- 
 cial branch of industry in all our princi- 
 pal cities, and whether applied to the 
 purpose of science, or for the gratification 
 and amusement of individuals, it is alike 
 instructive and useful. Mr.W. H. French, 
 the well-known and skilful taxidermist, 
 located at 419 12th street, is perhaps one 
 of the highest representatives of the art 
 in the country. He has been established 
 here for a number of years. Besides his 
 department of taxidermy he always has 
 on hand a large number of foreign and 
 domestic song and plumage birds, and a 
 variety of animals. He keeps two able 
 assistants, who thoroughly understand the 
 business, and his trade is rapidly increas- 
 ing. He is the agent for the German 
 prepared food for mocking and all soft- 
 
 bill birds, for which he has a very large 
 sale. Birds and animals of all kinds are 
 stuffed to order. 
 
 WILLIAM YOUNG, 
 
 Manufacturer of Boots and Shoes, 1335 
 
 F street, opp. Ebbitt House. 
 
 Among those who have become well 
 known in this business is William Young, 
 who established his business in 1866, and 
 devotes it to custom work in all its 
 branches, making a specialty of gentle- 
 men's fine work ; his trade is confined 
 principally to Washington, but supplies 
 customers in various parts of the United 
 States. Mr. Young was born in Germany 
 in 1832, and there received a common 
 school education, coming to this country 
 in 1852. He served with honor and dis- 
 tinction in the army during the rebellion, 
 being a reliable and valuable scout. The 
 prominent battles, in which he partici- 
 pated, were the second battle of Bull 
 Run and Fredericksburg, and after a 
 year of faithful service he received an 
 honorable discharge. 
 
 ABRAHAMS' 
 RAILROAD TICKET OFFICE, 
 No. 467 Fenn. avenue. 
 A branch of business which has lately 
 sprung into prominence is the sale of rail- 
 road tickets at reduced rates and buying 
 and exchanging them. Mr. Abrahams' 
 office is one of the most prominent ones 
 in the District, where satisfaction is guar- 
 anteed. Besides the buying, selling, and 
 exchanging of railroad tickets, any other 
 arrangements for the comfort of the trav- 
 elling public can be made at Abrahams, 
 such as the checking of baggage, securing 
 of sleeping-car berths, etc. The public in 
 general will find it to their interest to 
 call on him a few days before departure 
 on extended trips. Mr. Abrahams is a 
 young business man of enterprise and 
 push, and his established reputation for 
 reliability has given his railroad ticket 
 office an unusual prominence. 
 
 WANSTALL & BRO., 
 
 Phcenix Stables, Nos. 815 and 817 
 
 Nineteenth street. 
 
 Among the well-equipped establish- 
 ments of this class in Washington is the 
 livery and hiring stables of the Wanstall 
 
WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 161 
 
 Brothers. The building occupied is a 
 large one, being 45 x 103 feet in dimen- 
 sions, employing fifteen hands. The 
 Phoenix Stables were established about 
 the year 1860. The stables are well ven- 
 tilated and supplied with the necessary 
 conveniences of a first-class stable. The 
 firm does a large general livery business, 
 and horses are taken at livery by the 
 single feed, day, week, or month. They 
 make a specialty of furnishing handsome 
 turnouts by the month, also ladies' and gen- 
 tlemen's saddle-horses, and have in stock 
 some elegant conveyances for that pur- 
 pose. Coaches, hacks, and barouches are 
 furnished for riding, shopping, weddings, 
 receptions, and the opera. The Messrs. 
 Wanstall are natives of Pennsylvania, 
 and came to Washington at an early age, 
 receiving their education here, and have 
 reared an establishment here which is a 
 credit to their industry. 
 
 YOUNGS' STEAM FEATHER AND 
 
 HAIR RENOVATOR, 
 1422 Pa. ave. N.W. F. H. Youngs, Prop. 
 The main points of a good mattress are 
 durability, simplicity of construction, and 
 quality of material. In this connection 
 we would state that all these essential 
 features are secured and will be practi- 
 cally demonstrated by visiting the house 
 of F. H. Youngs, 1422 Penna. ave. This 
 business was established in 1875, and 
 occupies premises 20 x 75 feet in dimen- 
 sions, consisting of three stories, and has 
 all the latest improved conveniences and 
 appliances for transacting the business, 
 which consists of the manufacture and 
 sale of mattresses and the renovation of 
 feathers and hair by steam ; upholstering 
 iu all its branches; drapery and curtains 
 are also renovated. Mr. Youngs has 
 established a factory at Newark, New 
 Jersey, for the manufacture of woven 
 wire mattresses. He has invented a 
 steam feather and hair renovator, which 
 he has had patented and which is a most 
 complete success, and for which he is now 
 selling either the machines or the right of 
 territory, and is meeting with great suc- 
 cess. He was born in New York State, 
 and was there educated, and came to 
 Washington in 1864, and since establish- 
 ing here has attained prominence and a 
 large patronage. 
 11 
 
 JOS. & J. E. LIBBEY'S 
 Lumber Yards, 3018 Water st. N.W. 
 The business had its inception over 
 half a century ago, and while many rivals 
 have come into existence and passed away, 
 it stands solid to-day. Mr. Joseph Lib- 
 bey, the founder, was a native of New 
 Hampshire, who settled in Georgetown 
 in 1816. In 1830 he founded the lumber 
 business at the above location, being among 
 the first in this branch of trade in theDist. 
 of Columbia. Mr. Joseph Libbey raised 
 his two sons in the business in his syste- 
 matic method of training, and at the death 
 of their father they succeeded him in bus- 
 iness at the old yards, 3018 Water street 
 Georgetown, where they occupy 240 feet 
 river front, running 500 feet to Water 
 street, that will admit of the landing 
 of vessels. Op|)Osite is an adjoining yard 
 220 feet square ; also, a large brick ware- 
 house. This firm employs a large force, 
 and handles annually about 3,000,000 
 feet of lumber, beside a large amount 
 of lath and shingles; also all kinds 
 of hard and fancy woods and building 
 supplies of every description. By their 
 business methods the brothers have kept 
 the house up to the high standard that it 
 occupied when conducted by their father. 
 
 LEMUEL WILLIAMS, 
 Undertaker, No. 1705 Pennsylvania ave. 
 The leading undertaking business in 
 the so-called West End is the old and 
 well-established house of Lemuel Will- 
 iams. Mr. Williams has devoted his life 
 to the business in the District of Colum- 
 bia. Thirty years have now passed since 
 he founded his present establishment, and 
 he has been connected with the business 
 for sixty-five years in this city. The ware 
 and work-rooms of the house are located 
 on the second and third floors of the num- 
 ber mentioned. The stock carried com- 
 prises every article in the trade for the un- 
 dertaking business, such as caskets, coffins, 
 shrouds, etc., and the business is large, 
 and extends over a wide section of the 
 western part of the city. Several experi- 
 enced hands are occupied in the different 
 departments of the business, as all coffins 
 and caskets are made on the premises 
 under personal supervision of Mr. Will- 
 iams. This is at the present the oldest 
 house of the kind in the Dist. of Columbia. 
 
162 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 J, T. BOISEAU, 
 
 Ornamental and Machine Smithing. 
 
 518 New Jersey Avenue N.W. 
 To no one conducting the business of 
 ornamental smithing in Washington is 
 due in a greater degree the attractiveness 
 of its many private yards than to J. T. 
 Boiseau, the subject of this sketch. This 
 gentleman has successfully conducted his 
 business here for a number of years, and 
 has achieved a reputation second to none 
 for skillful and artistic workmanship. 
 The business was established in 1872, and 
 occupies premises about 20 x 20 feet in 
 dimensions, and gives employment to 
 from one to six workmen. Iron fencing, 
 iron railing, grating, ornamental and ma- 
 chine smithing, and house work in gen- 
 eral, is carried on, and in the season keeps 
 the shop running to its utmost capacity 
 to keep abreast of the contracts for orna- 
 mental fences and fence railing. Job- 
 bing and repairing is made a specialty of 
 this house. Mr. Boiseau was born and 
 educated in the District, and is highly 
 esteemed as a manufacturer. 
 
 HUGH F. McQUEENEY, 
 
 Successor to E. McQueeney, Florist, 
 
 Boundary and Champlain ave. N.W. 
 
 Among the most extensive establish- 
 ments devoted to this branch of industry 
 is that of Mr. Hugh F. McQueeney, 
 located at the Boundary and Champlain 
 avenue N. W. This business was estab- 
 lished about six years ago in a small and 
 modest manner, but by its management it 
 has arisen to rank among the most im- 
 portant of the city. The conservatories 
 are heated by steam, and well filled with 
 rare and choice varieties of tropical plants, 
 exotics, and American flowers. Plants, 
 and bulbs are always ready for sale and 
 shipment. The leading specialties of the 
 house are cut flowers at all seasons of the 
 year, floral designs for weddings, funerals, 
 parties, &c, and all orders given receive 
 prompt attention. Mr. Edward McQuee- 
 ney was born and educated in Ireland, 
 and came to this country in 1852, and has 
 been a resident of Washington for the 
 past twelve years. His success has been 
 gained by his thorough knowledge of the 
 business and his prompt attention to the 
 wants of his patrons. 
 
 ROBERT McLEOD, 
 
 Granite and Brown Stone Works, cor. 
 First and C streets N. W. 
 
 The works of Mr. Robert McLeod are 
 among the most prominent of this branch 
 of industry. The business was established 
 in 1876 and occupies ample premises at 
 the above location, and gives employment 
 to a large force of men. The preparation 
 of building stone is the only business 
 done, and a fine line of marble, granite, 
 and brown stone can always be found on 
 hand. The work-shop is equipped with 
 all the best and latest implements and 
 tools for the trade, and a specialty is 
 made of the execution of all orders for 
 large contracts. Mr. McLeod was born 
 and educated in Scotland and came to 
 Washington twelve years ago. The 
 former title of the firm was Sayers & 
 McLeod, but Mr. McLeod succeeded to 
 the business on the death of Mr. Sayers 
 and since has kept up the standard and 
 reputation of excellence which first gave 
 the house its business success and which 
 it has steadily maintained throughout the 
 period of its existence. 
 
 J. W. LANSDALE, 
 Market Store, 113 D street. 
 This business was established by Mr. 
 Lansdale in the present year, as the suc- 
 cessor of Mr. Roe, who had conducted 
 business in this place for many years, and 
 owing to the large number of families 
 living in that section of the city, it has 
 proved a profitable and substantial stand 
 for the trade. The premises occupied are 
 about 20 x 60 feet in dimensions, and well 
 arranged in every particular for display- 
 ing the fine stock of goods carried. Em- 
 ployment is given to two assistants, who 
 practically understand how to conduct 
 the business in all its branches, and one 
 wagon is used to deliver goods to their 
 customers in the city. Fine family, sta- 
 ple and fancy groceries, provisions of all 
 kinds, vegetables, fruits, teas, coffees, 
 canned goods, wines and liquors, and in 
 short everything to be found in a first- 
 class grocery house is constantly kept in 
 stock, and received fresh daily. Mr. 
 Lansdale was born and educated in the 
 city, and since arriving at the age of man- 
 hood has been actively engaged in com- 
 mercial pursuits. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 163 
 
 CHARLES S. BUNDY, 
 
 U. S. Commissioner, &c, 456 Louisiana 
 
 Avenue. 
 
 Among the United States commission- 
 ers, justices of the peace, and notaries 
 public in the District of Columbia no one 
 is more widely known or highly esteemed 
 than Charles S. Bundy, whose office is at 
 456 Louisiana avenue. Justice Bundy 
 was born in Broome county, New York. 
 He was for a while commonwealth's attor- 
 ney in the city of Richmond, under mili- 
 tary appointment, and has been a resi- 
 dent of the city of Washington since 1870. 
 During the war he served for nine months 
 as a sergeant and second lieutenant in 
 Co. K 5th Wisconsin volunteers. He 
 was appointed justice of the peace by 
 President Hayes and was reappointed by 
 President Arthur. He was appointed 
 United States commissioner by the Su- 
 preme Court of the District of Columbia 
 in May, 1880, and about the same time a 
 notarv public. During the sessions of 
 the Police Court in 1879, '80, '81, '82, in 
 the absence of Judge Snell, Judge Bundy 
 presided. He was the first judge to de- 
 cide that the " three-card monte " trick 
 was larceny. This decision was overruled 
 by the Criminal court, but since then the 
 decision of Judge Bundy has been af- 
 firmed by the Supreme Court in banc 
 and is the established law of the District. 
 Judge Bundy is the author of two val- 
 uable works: " Bundy's Justice," a man- 
 ual for the guidance of justices of the 
 peace in the District, and " Bundy's 
 United States Commissioner," the latter 
 in its second edition. Both works have 
 received very favorable criticisms from 
 the members of the bar of the District. 
 Among other endorsements of the " United 
 States Commissioner " are those from the 
 Department of Justice, and the Interior 
 and State Departments. Judge Bundy 
 takes acknowledgments of deeds, draws 
 wills, and all other legal documents. 
 
 "WILKIN WESTCOTT, 
 Pharmacist, 413 11th street N. W. 
 Mr. Westcott was born in Orange 
 county, in the State of New York. He 
 has been a resident of Washington city 
 for the past ten years, and served his time 
 as clerk with Mr. Van Syckel, previous 
 to which time he was with Stott & Crom- 
 
 well for eight years. He has only been 
 established at his present place of busi- 
 ness since September, 1883. He is a 
 registered pharmacist. Mr. Westcott has 
 a fine stock of drugs, chemicals, toilet 
 articles, fancy goods, confections, station- 
 ery, cigars, etc. He has an eligible loca- 
 tion near Pennsylvania Avenue, and al- 
 though having been in business so short 
 a short a time has built up a good trade, 
 with every prospect of a larger and more 
 lucrative custom. Mr. Westcott is always 
 careful and attentive to the interests of 
 his business, added to which he possesses 
 the always successful characteristics of 
 energy and perseverence. 
 
 H. N. JENKINS, 
 
 Solicitor of Patents and Counselor in 
 
 Patent Cases, 629 F st. N.W., Room 7. 
 
 This representative patent business was 
 established in New Orleans, La., in 1865. 
 Mr. H. N. Jenkins has extensive facilities 
 for obtaining patents in the United States 
 and Canada. He makes a specialty of 
 acting as counselor in patent cases for the 
 reissue of defective and invalid patents, 
 and furnishes reports on the validity and 
 scope of patents and caveats, and on all 
 questions of infringement, reissue, exten- 
 sion ( by act of Congress), etc. His long 
 practice and his minute acquaintance 
 with the intricate records of the U. S. 
 Patent Office have qualified him emi- 
 nently for the management of patent 
 affairs. Mr. Jenkins has also a branch 
 office established in New Orleans, La., at 
 Nos. 26 and 28 St. Charles street, where 
 he has a large business extending through 
 the South. His offices are located at No. 
 629 F street N. W. All correspondence 
 directed to that number, or to P. O. box 
 338, will receive prompt attention. 
 
 ACKER & CO., 
 
 Dealers in all kinds of Building Stone, 
 corner of North Capitol and E sts. N. 
 
 This business was established in 1850 
 and occupies premises 250 feet on E st. and 
 180 feet on North Capitol. These gentle- 
 men keep constantly on hand a complete 
 and well selected stock of marble, granite, 
 and brown stone, and no house in the city 
 can offer any better inducements to the 
 trade and general public. They are gen- 
 eral manufacturers and shippers of all 
 
164 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 kinds of building stone, and wholesale 
 dealers in North river blue stone and cut 
 stone. All kinds of stone are put into 
 requisition to supply the demands, and in 
 their yards every facility is to be found 
 requisite for the successful prosecution of 
 the business. The dressing of granite and 
 marble for building purposes, contracting 
 for bridges and buildings, &c, is carried 
 on by the firm. The individual members 
 of the firm are W. J. and F. J. Acker, 
 both of whom were born in Washington. 
 W. J. Acker studied drafting in the city. 
 These gentlemen are well-known citizens, 
 possessing the highest commercial stand- 
 ing, and their endeavors to please all who 
 have contracts with them have crowned 
 them with a large succcess. 
 
 Dr. J. L. WOLF, 
 Dentist, 1210 F street N. W. 
 
 During the past decade the profession 
 of dentistry has assumed an important 
 position among the sciences. Among the 
 professors of this art located in Washing- 
 ton we find the name of Dr. J. L. Wolf, 
 dentist, of 1210 F street N. W. He 
 established here in 1860, and at his pre- 
 sent location has handsome parlors and 
 operating rooms, and all the parapher- 
 nalia for modern dental work. The Doc- 
 tor practices dentistry in all its branches. 
 He is a graduate of the well-known Bal- 
 timore College of Dental Surgery and 
 the medical dej^artment of the George- 
 town College. He came to Washing- 
 ton in 1858, and has since, by energy 
 and his thorough knowledge of progres- 
 sive and practical dentistry, established a 
 large and lucrative practice ; he is de- 
 votedly wedded to his profession and to 
 its elevation and advancement. 
 
 R. D. O. SMITH, 
 Solicitor of American and Foreign Pat- 
 ents, 615 7th st., opp. Patent Office. 
 
 This house was established in this city 
 over twenty years ago. In carrying on 
 his extensive business Mr. Smith directs 
 it in the most expeditious and systematic 
 manner, attending in person to the pre- 
 liminary examinations and writing of 
 specifications — work in which experience 
 is of the first importance. He attends to 
 any and everything relating to patents, 
 as their application, appeals when the 
 
 examiner refuses to allow a patent, pre- 
 liminary examinations, the preparing of 
 models and drawings, their renewal, inter- 
 ference, and infringements, their reissue, 
 patents for designs, the registration of 
 trade-marks and labels, and everything 
 in connection with patents and caveats. 
 He obtains patents for Canada and all 
 foreign countries where patent laws exist, 
 and has extensive relations for their pro- 
 curement. Mr. Smith has received sev- 
 eral patents on his own inventions, notable 
 amongst which is his " odorless water- 
 closet," of which nearly fifteen hundred 
 are in use in this city, forty being in the 
 Patent Office alone. He makes also a 
 specialty of obtaining patents for agri- 
 cultural implements, as he is an expert in 
 machinery of that kind and minutely 
 acquainted with all the records in that 
 branch. Mr. R. D. O. Smith is a native 
 of New Jersey, and was raised and edu- 
 cated in Connecticut. His more than 
 twenty years' practice in this city, and 
 his success in obtaining patents for some 
 of the most important inventions of the 
 age, have made his name known in every 
 town and city of the Union. 
 
 W. T. KEENAN, 
 Carpenter and Builder, No. 818 19th st, 
 There are few industrial exterprises of 
 this city whose relations and enterprises 
 are of more significance than that of car- 
 penter and builder, and among the more 
 prominent we find Mr. W. T. Keenan of 
 818 19th street. The business was estab- 
 lished in 1872, and occupies premises 25 x 
 60 feet in dimensions, and gives employ- 
 ment to from 7 to 12 workmen, as the 
 contracts at hand call for. Everything 
 in the way of contracting and building, 
 in all its branches, are attended to, es- 
 pecial attention being given to private 
 dwellings and residences, jobbing and re- 
 pairing. Mr. Keenan was born in Scot- 
 land in 1842, and came to this country 
 when very young, and was educated in 
 Georgetown. He is an enterprising and 
 industrious man, and his shops are well 
 equipped for doing all kinds of business 
 in his line. The promptness and efficiency 
 with which aH'contracts are fulfilled war- 
 rant the assertion that no more desirable 
 establishment can be found with which to 
 open negotiations. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 165 
 
 W. H. MOORE, 
 
 Book and Job Printer, 511 Eleventh St., 
 
 N. W., between E and F. 
 
 For prompt and punctual work in the 
 printing line no better place can be found 
 in this city than W. H. Moore's, No. 511 
 Eleventh street N. W. As most of the 
 printing establishments make specialties 
 of certain branches in their line, so this 
 house has the larger share of patronage 
 for briefs for the courts, arguments, and 
 almost the exclusive trade in Pension, 
 Bounty and other blanks for pension 
 cases. Bookwork and job work of any 
 description is executed with accuracy and 
 promptness, and everything in the print- 
 ing line is handled. Mr. Moore runs 
 three presses, one of which is a Hoe and 
 one Gordon and one Adams press, 
 and his composing rooms have facilities 
 for 13 hands. The motive power for his 
 presses is derived from a steam engine of 
 the latest and most improved make. Mr. 
 Moore established for himself in 1858 ; 
 he is a native and life-long resident of the 
 District of Columbia. 
 
 CHARLES R. ABELL, 
 Attorney-at-Law and Solicitor of Pat- 
 ents, 614 7th street N.W. 
 
 Though only established since Decem- 
 ber 18, 1882, Mr. Abell has already suc- 
 ceeded in gaining a fine reputation as an 
 attorney-at-law and a solicitor of patents. 
 He is a native of Boston, Mass., though 
 through his prolonged residence in this 
 city he has become closely identified with 
 its business interests. He has filled seve- 
 ral positions of trust under the Govern- 
 ment, among which are those in the Judi- 
 ciary Division, First Auditor's Office, 
 United States Treasury, and in the De- 
 partment of Justice. He is a graduate 
 of the National Law School of the District 
 of Columbia, and practises before the 
 United States Supreme Court, the courts 
 of the District and the different Depart- 
 ments ; before the latter especially in 
 connection with claims against the Gov- 
 ernment. Mr. Abell makes a specialty 
 of the soliciting of American and foreign 
 patents, and attends to all matters relat- 
 ing to their application, issue, and prose- 
 cution. The preparation and prosecution 
 of trade mark applications, and the re- 
 gistration of prints and labels, may be 
 
 wisely entrusted to his care. Mr. Abell 
 ranks high as an attorney of large attain- 
 ments. He has the advantage of being 
 associated with a former principal exa- 
 miner of many years' experience in the 
 Patent Office. 
 
 S. R. SEIBERT, 
 
 Architect & Civil Engineer, 613 15th 
 
 street. 
 
 Mr. S. E. Seibert was born and edu- 
 cated in Philadelphia, and came to Wash- 
 ington in 1841. He commenced the 
 practice of the art of architecture in 1838, 
 since which time he has given it thorough 
 and practical study in all its branches. 
 Mr. Seibert was employed in the office of 
 the supervising architect of the Treasury 
 Department for 15 years and resigned 
 that position in order "to visit Japan, in 
 the employ of the Government, to assist 
 in the observation of the transit of venus. 
 After that was completed he made a trip 
 around the world, and collected many 
 highly interesting and valuable sketches, 
 investigating and studying architecture 
 in the wonderful ruins of India, Rome, 
 Jerusalem, and many other places. Since 
 his return to Washington he has devoted 
 himself to his profession with renewed 
 vigor, and brings to bear his wealth of 
 observation and study while abroad. He 
 is also a practical civil engineer and the 
 inventor and patentee of the solar transit 
 surveying instrument, an instrument that 
 is indispensable in public and mineral 
 land surveys. 
 
 Dr. S. I. SCOTT, 
 Dentist, 1207 F street, N.W. 
 
 Dr. Scott established himself here in 
 1883, coming from Sandy Spring, Mary- 
 land, where he had practiced for 12 years. 
 He is a graduate of the Baltimore College 
 of Dental Surgery. He makes a specialty 
 of operative dentistry, but is thoroughly 
 practical with all the branches, paying 
 special attention to the preservation of 
 the natural teeth. Dr. Scott was born at 
 Sandy Springs, Maryland, in 1848, and 
 educated in that State. He is well known 
 as a member of the famous American 
 rifle team, and has visited Europe on sev- 
 eral occasions, where he was engaged in 
 many shooting matches. 
 
166 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 FORSBERG & MURRAY, 
 
 Machinists and Engineers, 219 and 22l 
 
 Seventh street S. W. 
 
 This business was established in 1876 
 by the present enterprising proprietors. 
 The works consist of a commodious brick 
 building and yards, 80 x 150 feet in ex- 
 tent, and admirably arranged, with all 
 the modern conveniences, for carrying on 
 the machinist and engineer's business. 
 Employment is given to twenty-two skilled 
 workmen, and the machinery is driven 
 by a twenty-horse power steam engine. 
 This concern manufactures steam launches 
 and boilers to order, elevators, wood-work- 
 ing machinery, and printing presses, while 
 steam pumps are a specialty. Black- 
 smith work is promptly attended to. The 
 individual members of the firm are Mr. 
 H. Forsberg and*W. Murray. Mr. Fors- 
 berg was born in Stockholm, Sweden, 
 and came to this city twenty-six years 
 ago ; he received his education here. Mr. 
 Murray was born and educated here. 
 The continuous success which has attended 
 the business since its inception, together 
 with the well-known skill and enterprise 
 of the proprietors, make this a standard 
 house. They make a leading specialty 
 of engine building;. 
 
 EDW. O'HARE, 
 Plumber and Gas Fitter, 717 18th st. 
 near Penn. ave. 
 In the establishment of Edw. O'Hare 
 is kept one of the largest and best selected 
 stocks of any house in Washington in his 
 line, comprising all known articles in 
 plumbing material and pipe of all kinds 
 for mills, steam heating, steam pumps, 
 fine gas fixtures, etc. The business was 
 established with his father in 1865, and 
 he has only lately removed to his present 
 location where he owns the premises. A 
 force of 10 workmen are constantly em- 
 ployed, and from the start the house has 
 maintained a leading position in this 
 branch of industry. Mr. O'Hare is a 
 registered plumber, thoroughly conver- 
 sant with the sanitary branch of his busi- 
 ness, a knowledge of which is indispensi- 
 ble in the present style ot plumbing. 
 Mr. O'Hare was born in Washington in 
 1852, and is virtually a self-made man, 
 beiug self educated, and has arrived at 
 his present state of proficiency by hard 
 
 application and perseverance, and has 
 won a deservedly large patronage to 
 which he spares no pains to give satisfac- 
 tion. 
 
 SEWELL, THOMAS & GREGORY, 
 Turning and Scroll Sawing Establish- 
 ment, cor. 12th street and Ohio Ave. 
 
 Conspicuous among the new firms who 
 have recently commenced business may 
 be mentioned that of Sewell, Thomas & 
 Gregory, located on the corner of 12th 
 street and Ohio avenue. They are well 
 prepared to do all kinds of turning and 
 scroll sawing, such as brackets, newells, 
 balusters, &c. Also make a specialty of 
 oval turning. Since commencing busi- 
 ness they have met with a merited and 
 most liberal success in their new enter- 
 prise. The gentlemen composing this 
 firm are well known in this city as enter- 
 prising men of the highest integrity. As 
 they do all of the work themselves, such 
 mistakes as happen through incompetent 
 hired labor is avoided. Mr. Sewell is a 
 native of Maine, and Mr. Thomas was 
 formerly a citizen of Baltimore, Md., 
 while Mr. Gregory has spent the most of 
 his life in Washington. If honesty of 
 purpose, attention to business, and skill 
 in their line of work shall merit success, 
 this new firm will succeed. 
 
 DR. S. J. COCKERILLE, 
 Dentist, 1338 New York Avenue. 
 
 The parlors of Dr. S. J. Cockerille are 
 located on New York avenue. His op- 
 erating room is large, light, well furnished, 
 and equipped with all the latest and most 
 improved instruments used in the prac- 
 tice of dentistry, of which profession he 
 is one of the best known practitioners. 
 The Doctor is a graduate of the Balti- 
 more Dental College of the class of 1853. 
 He makes a specialty of the filling of 
 teeth, and his reputation as a skillful 
 operator has acquired him an extensive 
 practice, not in this city alone, but, 
 through his many visiting patients, all 
 over the United States. Dr. Cockerille 
 was born and educated in Virginia, and 
 established himself in Washington as a 
 dentist at the time of his graduation in 
 1853. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 167 
 
 DANENHOWER & SON, 
 Real Estate Brokers, 1226 F st. N. W. 
 
 The ground floor of the above number 
 is occupied by one most active and prom- 
 inent business men and real estate agents 
 in the District. The senior member of 
 the firm has been favorably known in 
 this city since 1861, where he has filled 
 many positions of honor and trust under 
 the Government and in private life. An 
 experienced attorney-at-law, he began 
 practice in the District in 1864, making 
 a specialty of the prosecution of claims 
 before the Government Departments. 
 General popularity soon brought him 
 forth for the position of special district 
 attorney in Maryland, which position he 
 filled to the satisfaction of his constituents 
 and the public generally. Though hav- 
 ing identified himself with District affairs 
 since 1861, Mr. Danenhower only estab- 
 lished his prosperous real estate business 
 in 1880, since which time it has assumed 
 large proportions. His son is now the 
 junior member of the firm, and at present 
 ■enjoys the unlimited confidence of the 
 many patrons of the firm. Being a notary 
 public, the facilities that the firm possess 
 for conveyancing, buying and selling of 
 real estate, are complete, and their trans- 
 actions are done with the greatest accuracy 
 and facility. Mr. Danenhower, Sr., is an 
 expert in the so-called landlord and ten- 
 ant law, and his advice and judgment are 
 frequently invoked and obtained on this 
 point, as the negotiation of loans of any 
 amount is a specialty of this firm. 
 
 THOMPSON'S SHIRT FACTORY, 
 
 Chas. Hyatt, Proprietor, 816 F street 
 
 North-west. 
 
 One of the most extensive houses en- 
 gaged in this line of business in Wash- 
 ington is the " Thompson Shirt Factory," 
 Chas. Hyatt, proprietor, of 816 F street. 
 Strict attention to the wants of his patrons 
 by the proprietor of this house from 
 the time of its inception to the present 
 time, has resulted in a large growth in 
 extent and popularity. The business was 
 established by Mr. Thompson in 1876, 
 but is now under the proprietorship of 
 Mr. Chas Hyatt. The premises occupied 
 are large and convenient, being 14 x 100 
 feet in dimensions. A large force of first- 
 class workmen are employed, and a spe- 
 
 cialty is made of the manufacturing of 
 fine shirts, in which his trade is large and 
 extends throughout the District. Mr. 
 Hyatt was born and educated near this 
 city, where he has continued to reside 
 most of his life. He is a young and 
 enterprising business man, thoroughly 
 understanding every branch of his trade, 
 which he has developed to such large 
 proportions. 
 
 Dr. C. A. V'HARTLEBEN, 
 Dentist, 1015 14th street N. W. 
 Dentistry is an art which has ever been 
 held in high esteem by all civilized na- 
 tions, and to-day occupies an important 
 position as one of the learned professions. 
 The intelligent dentist is an invaluable 
 assistant of the physician, and his skill 
 in a great degree renders the medical 
 profession successful. Among the most 
 prominent of the members of the dental 
 profession in this city is Carl August 
 v'Hartleben. He is a graduate of the 
 Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery, 
 and was born in Pittsburg in 1835. 
 His father Avas Dr. Giinther Carl v'Hart- 
 leben, a famous physician of Saxony, 
 Germany. Dr. C. A. v'Hartleben studied 
 dentistry with Dr. J. M. Davis of Tren- 
 ton, New Jersey, and opened an office on 
 Fourth street, above Green, in Philadel- 
 phia, Pa., six months prior to the breaking 
 out of the Avar of the rebellion. Enlisted 
 in the army as a volunteer and served 
 three years and a half with honor, mak- 
 ing a superb record. Opened an office in 
 December, 1864, at 1780 Frankford 
 avenue, Philadelphia, where he had and 
 has at present writing a large practice, 
 and succeeded Dr. M. A. Carman at 
 1015 14th street, Washington, District of 
 Columbia, May 1st, 1883. He makes a 
 specialty of preservation of the natural 
 teeth, and the insertion of fine gold fill- 
 ings. The office is at his residence, where 
 he has handsome parlors, and all modern 
 dental appliances. 
 
 WM. McLEAN & SON, 
 
 Dealers in Hard Woods and Building 
 
 Lumber, cor. 13th and B sts. N.W. 
 
 Thei'e are a large number of firms en- 
 gaged in the lumber business in this city, 
 and among the most solid and substantial 
 is that of Wm. McLean & Son. Mr. 
 
168 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 McLean is an old lumberman with years 
 of experience, while his son is a young 
 man full of energy and activity. The 
 business was established in 1850 at the 
 above premises, where they occupy one- 
 half a square, with a brick office and 
 store-room 30 x 100 feet in dimensions. 
 The yard is finely arranged and supplied 
 with a choice stock of white and yellow 
 pine and hard woods of all kinds. They 
 receive their stock from Michigan, Vir- 
 ginia, Georgia, North Carolina, and Flor- 
 ida, They employ from ten to twenty 
 hands and do a trade of three to four 
 million feet annually. Both gentlemen 
 are Washingtonians and are thoroughly 
 practical in their business, and aim to 
 carry fine grades of wood, such as ma- 
 hogany, cedar, maple, cherry, walnut, ash, 
 oak, and poplar, and make a specialty 
 of keeping constantly on hand a large 
 and well seasoned stock of the choicest 
 Avoods in the market. 
 
 J, F. MANNING & CO., 
 
 Steam Marble Works, 1320 Penn. Ave. 
 
 and 407 13J streets N. W. 
 
 One of the most complete and thoroughly 
 equipped marble working establishments 
 in the city of Washington is the well- 
 known steam marble works of J. F. Man- 
 ning & Co., at 1320Penna. ave., successors 
 to the old firm of Tourney & Manning. 
 The business was established in 1871 and 
 occupies premises 44 x 72 feet in dimen- 
 sions. It is run by steam power and 
 gives employment to eighteen workmen. 
 All kind of stone work is manufactured, 
 such as monumental and cemetery work, 
 mantels, floor tiling, plumbers' slabs, 
 wainscoting, &c. Marble and granite, as 
 well as all other kinds of stone, is sup- 
 plied at wholesale to the trade, either 
 dressed or undressed. The polishing, 
 cutting, and heavy work is all done in 
 the yards, where are ample facilities for 
 carrying on every branch of the business. 
 In the present year, 1884, the late Mr. 
 Tourney associated with him in his busi- 
 ness Mr. J. F. Manning, and added to 
 his stock plain and ornamental tiles, 
 grates, brass goods, marble, slate, and 
 wood mantels, &c. Mr. Manning was 
 born in Virginia and educated at Lees- 
 burg, in that State, and is about 22 years 
 of age. He was with Haywood & 
 
 Hutchins for three years before asso- 
 ciating with Mr. Tourney. He is young 
 and ambitious and has qualities that 
 argue well for his success and the success 
 of the firm of which he is the junior 
 member. 
 
 GUINAND & STIMSON, 
 Dealers in Wood and Coal, Lime, Plas- 
 ter, etc., 623 La. av., 613 D st. N.W. 
 
 For immediate and prompt delivery of 
 wood and coal no house offers better 
 facilities than the one leading this article. 
 Fronting on D street and on Louisiana 
 avenue, between 6th and 7th streets N.W., 
 the location of the central office and yard 
 is most desirable and in easy reach from 
 any point of this city. The firm deliver 
 all kinds and varieties of coals to order 
 in any quantities required. Wood in the 
 stick or sawed for kindling purposes is 
 constantly kept on hand in large quanti- 
 ties. The firm was established fifteen 
 years ago. A specialty is made by the 
 firm of the trade in lime, plaster, and 
 cement in which they have a large trade. 
 The junior member of the firm, Mr. G. 
 Stimson, is a native and life-long resident 
 of the District, where he has won a good 
 reputation as a business man, and as one 
 having a most complete knowledge of 
 the coal trade. 
 
 BURNS & SON, 
 
 Marble, Granite, and Brown Stone 
 
 Works, Cor. S. Capitol and D sts. S. W. 
 
 Among the leading firms engaged in 
 this trade is that of Burns & Son, who 
 eleven years ago founded their present 
 extensive business. The yard covers an 
 area of 34,000 square feet, and all the 
 premises are furnished with the best and 
 latest tools and appliances for the trade. 
 Building stone of all kinds is kept on hand, 
 and every description of work of this class 
 is done. A leading specialty is made of 
 Italian and American tiling, Ohio and 
 North river blue stone, marble, granite,, 
 and brown stone. Monument and cemetery 
 work is done at the shortest notice, and 
 jobbing promptly attended to. The mem- 
 bers of the firm are John Burns, born in 
 Ireland and educated in America, and 
 who has lived in Washington 35 years, 
 and Mr. W. S. Burns, his son, who was 
 born at Columbus, S. C, and educated here. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 169 
 
 GEORGE HAAS, Jr., 
 Practical Steel Plate Letter Engraver, 
 Bonds, Drafts, Notes, 1221 Penna. ave. 
 Perhaps there is no other art which, in 
 America, reaches so great a state of per- 
 fection as that of engraving. In this 
 connection it is proper to mention Mr. 
 George Haas, Jr., a gentleman who has 
 been identified with this business for 16 
 years in this city. He employs from six 
 to ten assistants, all efficient artists in 
 their craft. His business has been estab- 
 lished six years, and at the present loca- 
 tion two years, where the premises occu- 
 pied are ample and convenient. En- 
 graving of every kind and description is 
 carried on, such as visiting, reception, 
 and wedding cards, letter, note, and bill- 
 heads, crests, policies of insurance, business 
 cards, labels, bonds, drafts, and notes ; in 
 fact, anything from a card to a bank 
 note. Mr. Haas and his assistants take 
 special pride in the excellence of their 
 work, especially in intricate designs, 
 which are executed in the highest style 
 of the art. All the engraving of notes, 
 bonds, &c, is done by a patent ruling 
 machine, and mostly all of his plate print- 
 ing on the patent D press. Mr. Haas 
 was born and educated in New York, and 
 has lived in this city for twenty years. 
 He is a rapidly rising tradesman, and 
 has by his energy and his great skill in 
 engraving built up a most important artis- 
 tic industry. 
 
 CHAS. MADES' 
 
 Hotel and Restaurant, South-west corner 
 
 Penna. ave. and Third street. 
 
 In 1879 Mr. Mades bought the property 
 known as Mades' Hotel, fronting 55 feet 
 on the Avenue and 200 ft. on 3rd st. He at 
 once made substantial additions to his 
 establishment, giving it the imposing ap- 
 pearance it has at present. Neat and 
 complete in all its appointments, its cuisine 
 has won the appreciation of all. The 
 house has about forty rooms, well lighted, 
 ventilated, and furnished. The house is 
 managed on the European and American 
 plans, and thus fills a long-felt want in 
 that locality. Mr. Mades is a native of 
 the Rhine Provinces, born in 1832, and 
 came to this country in 1850. He is a 
 sculptor by trade, and followed his busi- 
 ness some years after coming to America. 
 
 JAMES F. BARBOUR & Co., 
 Lumber Merchants, Office 12th st. and 
 Md. Ave., Yards, 12th st., C to D S. W. 
 Among the recent large enterprises 
 established in this line of commerce is the 
 firm of James F. Barbour & Co., which 
 opened January 1st, 1884. The premises 
 have been used for a lumber depot for 
 the past twenty years, and are 110 x 320 
 feet in extent. The office of the firm is 
 at the corner of 12th street and Mary- 
 land avenue S. W., and yards on 12th 
 and C to D streets S. W. They carry a 
 large stock embracing all kinds of lumber 
 and everything appertaining to the lum- 
 ber business, such as doors, sash, blinds, 
 mouldings, and shingles. The trade is 
 large and rapidly increasing, extending 
 to all parts of the District and into the 
 neighboring States of Maryland and Vir- 
 ginia. 
 
 Mr. Barbour was born and educated in 
 the District, and is a thorough - going 
 young man, full of practical knowledge 
 and enterprise and has every faculty for 
 the successful management of the large 
 business which he is now possessed of. 
 
 THE NATIONAL ELECTRIC CO., 
 1419 New York avenue. 
 
 This company has recently occupied the 
 large store in the Lenman Block, No. 1419 
 New York avenue, and is the representa- 
 tive Washington establishment in the 
 rapidly growing business of supplying 
 and maintaining electrical apparatus and 
 appliances for the numberless uses in busi- 
 ness and domestic applications to which 
 this mysterious agency is now adapted. 
 The company keep on hand a large stock 
 of electric wires, batteries, insulators, 
 carbons for electric lights, &c, medical 
 apparatus, telegraph and telephone sup- 
 plies, burglar alarms and bells. It has 
 the exclusive control of the new portable 
 electric gas igniter, which has for some 
 time been extensively used in England 
 and is now being introduced in this country 
 with great success. It contains, hermeti- 
 cally sealed up in a battery small enough 
 to be carried in the pocket, sufficient elec- 
 tricity to do all the gas lighting in a large 
 house for three years. The same kind of 
 a batter}' will operate a medical machine, 
 and is likely to come into extensive use 
 
170 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 for medical purposes. Besides the port- 
 able gas lighting instruments referred to 
 there is on exhibition, in the establish- 
 ment, a variety of permanent electric at- 
 tachments to gas fixtures, whereby the gas 
 can be lighted by pulling a wire at the 
 burner or by pressing a button at a dis- 
 tance from it. This gas-lighting appa- 
 ratus, together with burglar alarms, call- 
 bells, automatic heat regulators, &c, the 
 company put up in private houses, Gov- 
 ernment Departments, and other public 
 buildings. Many of the best buildings in 
 the city have been equipped by this com- 
 pany. One branch of special work to 
 which they give much attention is the pro- 
 tection of buildings from lightning, which 
 is done strictly on scientific principles. 
 This work is done under the personal 
 direction of Mr. Geo. C. Maynard, the 
 general manager of the company, who has 
 made the subject a special study for many 
 years, and who has planned and superin- 
 tended the work on many Government 
 buildings in this and other cities. 
 
 While the organization is a new one, 
 the business of the company is old and 
 long established, having been commenced 
 fifteen years ago by Mr. Maynard, who has 
 been carrying it on until quite recently, 
 when increase of business and the demand 
 for greater facilities and more spacious 
 quarters led to the formation of the com- 
 pany, he retaining active connection there- 
 with. Thirty years practical experience 
 in telephone, telegraph, and electrical 
 matters has made him one of the most 
 competent electricians in this city. The 
 •officers of the company are Horace S. 
 Cummings, President ; Augustus S. 
 Worthington, Secretary ; George C. 
 Maynard, Treasurer and General Mana- 
 ger. 
 
 Dr. B. M. DUKE, 
 Dentist, 715 14th street N.W. 
 Among the leading dentists of Wash- 
 ington is Dr. B. M. Duke of 715 14th st. 
 His practice was established in 1858, and 
 at the above location has handsome rooms 
 and everything that can minister to the 
 comfort and convenience of his patients. 
 In extracting teeth, of which the doctor 
 makes a specialty, he uses a preparation 
 of his own for alleviating pain. He has 
 also every facility for the making of arti- 
 
 ficial teeth, his work in this line being of 
 the latest and best. He gives special at- 
 tention to the preservation of natural 
 teeth. Dr. Duke was born in Philadel- 
 phia in 1840, and received a collegiate 
 education in that city, and is a graduate 
 of the Pennsylvania College of Dentistry. 
 
 HAVENNER'S BAKERY, 
 
 474 and 476 C street N. W., B. Charlton 
 
 & Co., Proprietors. 
 
 The history of the rise and growth of 
 this extensive establishment is replete with 
 interest. In 1815, and at a time when 
 this now beautiful city was almost a bar- 
 ren waste, and marshes abounded where 
 now are to be found the most beautiful 
 and attractive avenues in the world, Mr. 
 Thomas Havenner opened a little bakery 
 on what is now "C " street, but then was 
 in the woods, and commenced in an hum- 
 ble way the business career which led to 
 results which. have made his name honored 
 not only in Washington, but all over the 
 country. He lived to see the city of 
 Washington grow and increase in wealth 
 and prosperity, and with its growth his 
 business increased and expanded until it 
 became a success, which stands to-day as 
 a monument of his foresight, energy, and 
 indomitable industry. The high standard 
 of his goods and the earnest efforts he made 
 through his business life gave Havenner's 
 Bakery a reputation which, up to the 
 present time, it has maintained notwith- 
 standing all opposition. It 1871, at the 
 death of Mr. Havenner, his son-in-law, 
 Mr. Charlton, became proprietor of the 
 establishment, and under his management 
 the facilities of the house were increased 
 to accommodate the rapidly increasing 
 business. Messrs. B. Charlton & Co., now 
 the proprietors, have erected on the old 
 site a splendid steam baking establishment, 
 three stories high, with a 14- inch wall, 126 
 feet deep, 55 feet front, and 85 feet facing 
 the alley, including an " L," which is used 
 as a workshop for kneading the bread, 
 cakes, and crackers in form for the ovens. 
 Three immense revolving ovens, of the 
 McKenzie patent, heated by large furnaces, 
 are necessary to do the baking of this 
 house. In the rear of the house is situ- 
 ated the engine and boiler that gives motion 
 to the machinery, the engine being twenty 
 horse power and the boiler thirty-five. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 171 
 
 Some idea of this immense business may 
 be formed from the fact that 3,000 loaves 
 of bread are turned out daily, the aver- 
 age consumption of flour being 200 barrels 
 per week. The reputation of Havenner's 
 bread is owing chiefly to the selection of 
 the finest flour in the market, and also the 
 fact that their ovens are built differently 
 and superior to any others. He has, in 
 addition to other improved machinery, a 
 patent mixer that will mix six barrels of 
 flour in eight minutes. All the dough mix- 
 ture of this firm is worked by this process, 
 thus affording a medium of cleanliness 
 by which all sweat of labor and muss are 
 entirely done away with, being superior 
 to any other process in use by any other 
 city bakery. Their trade is large in the 
 District, and extends through Maryland 
 and Virginia. All the leading grocers 
 carry full supplies of the goods manufac- 
 tured at this establishment, and thousands 
 of families in this city are their patrons. 
 Mr. Charlton was born and educated in 
 the District, and is well and favorably 
 known, having hosts of friends and hold- 
 ing the respect of all his acquaintances. 
 Mr. Ed.. Graves, the partner, is a nephew 
 of Mr. Charlton, and is a capable and 
 agreeable gentleman ; he is a member of 
 the Bakers' Union that extends all over 
 the country, and regulates prices, &c. ; is 
 a member of the executive committee of 
 the Union. He was born and educated 
 in Washington county, Maryland, and 
 came to this city in 1865. Both gentle- 
 men are thoroughly qualified for the busi- 
 ness by their long experience, and their 
 daily increasing trade proves beyond doubt 
 the high appreciation in which they are 
 held by the public and their numerous 
 patrons. 
 
 E. QUINCY GUNSON, 
 Life Insurance, 923 F Street N. W. 
 There is evidently a very marked in- 
 terest and activity in life insurance in this 
 community, especially on the assessment 
 plan. One of the most popular associa- 
 tions of the kind, well known for their 
 reliability and superior management, is 
 the Mutual Benefit Life Association of 
 America, incorporated, under the Insur- 
 ance laws of the State of New York in 
 1882, with headquarters in New York 
 city. The object of this company is, first, to 
 
 enable the members to provide incontes- 
 table aid and protection for their families 
 and others dependent upon them after 
 their decease; second, by careful and 
 honest management to furnish such aid 
 at the lowest possible cost. This 
 company has raised their system to the 
 highest standard. Mr. E. Quincy Gun- 
 son, well known in this city for the last 
 twenty-five years, is the general agent 
 for this company for the District 
 of Columbia. In the Mutual Benefit 
 Society a medical examination is always 
 required, without which membership can- 
 not be obtained. To avoid complications 
 they have only one class. Membership 
 is unlimited, and applicants admitted 
 from ages of fifteen to sixty-two years. 
 The Life Insurance figures are from the 
 lowest rates given by the best companies. 
 The Mutual Benefit is on the basis of four 
 assessments per year, which is a little 
 over the statistical estimate. The entrance 
 fees and annual dues run as follows : For 
 $1,000, entrance fee $8; for $2,000, 
 entrance fee $12 ; for $3,000, entrance 
 fee $15; for $5,000, entrance fee $20; for 
 $10,000, which is limited, entrance fee is 
 $30, annual dues $3.00 on each thous- 
 and. Mr. E. Quincy Gunson is a 
 native of Ohio, where he was raised and 
 educated. In the beginning of the late 
 war he joined the army in one of the 
 Ohio regiments belonging to the second 
 (Hancock's) corps. After the close of 
 the war he came to Washington city, and 
 on the organization of the above-named 
 insurance company. The general agency 
 in the District was entrusted to the man- 
 agement of Mr. Gunson. 
 
 J. KARR, 
 
 Manufacturer of Chronometers, &c, and 
 
 Dealer in Jewelry, 629 Penna. Ave. 
 
 The establishment, kept by this well 
 known and highly-esteemed gentleman, is 
 one of which the capital may well be 
 proud. It is conducted on high jDrinciples, 
 and consequently commands a patronage 
 that is most desirable. The business was 
 established in 1857, three years after Mr. 
 Karr arrived in this country from Ger- 
 many, where he was born and educated. 
 Since its inception it has steadily grown, 
 and the large and handsome store now 
 occupied by Mr. Karr is none too commo- 
 
172 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 dious. Three watch-makers, a jeweler, 
 and three clerks are employed. Mr. Karr 
 has a large stock of jewelry, clocks, 
 watches, and silver ware, and makes a 
 specialty of the " Rockford Quick Train 
 Watch," for which he is sole agent in 
 Washington. The large sales of this 
 watch made by Mr. Karr are a substan- 
 tial proof of their accuracy and superi- 
 ority. Each watch is guaranteed, and 
 never fails to give satisfaction. For the 
 last twenty years Mr. Karr has had charge 
 of Government works, including the Senate 
 and House of Representatives, National 
 Observatory, and the United States Coast 
 and Geodetic Survey Office. 
 
 DR. STARR PARSONS, DENTIST, 
 439 9th street N. W. 
 Modern scientific treatment has accom- 
 plished much in the modes and processes 
 of the preserving and arresting the decay 
 of the teeth, and the most apparent 
 progress made in this art in the past 
 twenty years has been made by American 
 professors of the art. As a practitioner 
 of dentistry Dr. Starr Parsons, dentist, 
 of 439 9th street, has gained a fine repu- 
 tation. He established his practice in 
 1878, and at his present location has ele- 
 gantly furnished parlors and operating 
 rooms replete with everything necessary 
 for the efficient practice of the art or for 
 the comfort of his patients. All branches 
 are practiced, and diseases of the mouth, 
 from whatever cause, receives special 
 treatment. Dr. Parsons was born in New 
 Jersey and educated in New York, and 
 came to Washington in 1874. He is a 
 graduate of the Wisconsin Dental College, 
 and since the establishment of his prac- 
 tice in this city has, by his thorough 
 knowledge of all the details of the science, 
 built up a good practice. 
 
 THE ST. MARC HOTEL, 
 
 H. C. Bowers, Prop'r, corner 7th street 
 
 and Pennsylvania Avenue. 
 
 Among the foremost hotels in the city 
 is the St. Marc, situated on the corner of 
 7th street and Pennsylvania avenue. This 
 house was established in 1865 by Mr. 
 John F. Simmes, and in 1879 Mr. H. C. 
 Bowers, the present proprietor, secured a 
 lease of the premises and remodeled and 
 thoroughly renovated and refurnished it 
 
 throughout. The house is run on the 
 European plan, and is noted for its ele- 
 gant appointments, fine cuisine, and an 
 unsurpassed location, being in close prox- 
 imity to several lines of street cars and 
 the centre of the business part of the city. 
 The office, bar-room, and lobby are situ- 
 ated on the first floor, while the dining- 
 room and sleeping apartments are situated 
 on the upper floor, all of which are well 
 ventilated and lighted and complete in 
 all their appointments. Mr. H. C. Bowers 
 is also the manager of Lower Cedar Point, 
 the attractive summer resort situated 60 
 miles below the city on the picturesque 
 shores of the lower Potomac. He has 
 made extensive improvements the present 
 season at this popular resort, which will 
 materially contribute to the enjoyment of 
 its many patrons. Mr. Bowers was born 
 and educated in Philadelphia and came 
 to Washington in 1869. Though at the 
 time quite young, his business qualifica- 
 tions were soon acknowledged, and he 
 was appointed cashier in the Arlington 
 Hotel, a position which he filled for ten 
 years, when he retired to open the St. 
 Marc, which has become so well known 
 under his management. 
 
 LAMBS NATIONAL PIE BAKERY, 
 
 W. L. Schneider, Prop'r, 220 East 
 Capitol street. 
 
 One of the most prominent and ex- 
 tensive houses in this branch of business 
 in the city is the well-known National 
 Pie Bakery known as Lamb's, situated at 
 220 East Capitol street, W. I. Schneider, 
 proprietor. This business was established 
 in 1861 by C. M. Lamb, from whom the 
 establishment is named, Mr. Schneider 
 succeeding to the entire control of the 
 business in 1880. The premises occupied 
 are 37 x 105 feet in dimensions and ele- 
 gantly arranged and fitted up, having all 
 the modern facilities for conducting the 
 
WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 173 
 
 business. Employment is given to 12 
 experienced assistants, and four wagons 
 are used in delivering the products of the 
 house to the dealers throughout the city. 
 A specialty is made of pies, for which the 
 house has won a national reputation. Mr. 
 Schneider is a native of Washington and 
 is a baker of long experience, and has 
 built up a large and successful business. 
 
 BUTLER & CLARRIDGE, 
 
 Pharmacist, cor. 3d st. and Indiana ave. 
 Mr. Butler has been located at his pres- 
 ent place of business for the past sixteen 
 years, and associated with his partner, Mr. 
 Clarridge, since 1874. Mr. Butler was 
 born at Orange Court-house, Va., and 
 Mr. Clarridge at Alexander, Va. Their 
 store is 20 x 50 feet in size, including the 
 laboratary, and is well stocked with drugs, 
 chemicals, toilet articles, perfumery, fancy 
 articles, cigars, medicinal wines, etc. 
 With the marked improvement in new 
 buildings and corresponding increase in 
 population of this part of the city the 
 business of the Messrs. Butler & Clar- 
 ridge has, from a comparatively small be- 
 ginning in 1868, gradually developed in 
 amount and importance. Messrs. Butler 
 & Clarridge are sole proprietor of Butler's 
 rheumatic and gout remedy, for which 
 they have an extensive sale. 
 
 JAMES L. EWIN, 
 Solicitor of Patents, 633 F st. N. W. 
 
 Prompt attention to business, and a 
 well-established reputation for thorough 
 work, entitle Mr. Ewin to the confidence 
 of inventors and discoverers. He is a 
 solicitor of patents and mechanical expert, 
 and is located at No. 633 F street N. W. 
 Mr. Ewin has been established in business 
 in his own name since the year 1878, and 
 continuously connected with the patent 
 business since 1865. He has extensive 
 business relations in this country and 
 abroad, and thus has unexcelled facilities 
 for the procurement of United States and 
 foreign patents. The extensive patronage 
 enjoyed by Mr. Ewin is entirely due to 
 his prompt and able treatment of im- 
 portant causes submitted to his manage- 
 ment, and inventors may rest assured 
 that their interests are well represented 
 when intrusted to the care of this able 
 counselor and attornev. 
 
 JAMES COCHRANE, 
 
 Carriage and Wagon Builder, 216 
 
 11th street N. W. 
 
 Among the establishments engaged in 
 this important branch of industry that of 
 James Cochrane, located at 216 11th 
 street N. W., has acquired a merited 
 popularity throughout the city and Dis- 
 trict for the superior quality of vehicles 
 turned out and their uniform reliability. 
 Mr. Cochrane commenced business in 
 1871 and occupies premises at the above 
 location 16 x 60 feet in dimensions and 
 gives employment to four able assistants. 
 The manufacture of all kinds of vehicles 
 is carried on, but a specialty is made in 
 fine carriages and wagons. The various 
 departments of manufacture are arranged 
 with perfect system for effective opera- 
 tions, all the work being done on the 
 premises, only the finest and best material 
 being used and the best class of workmen 
 employed. Mr. Cochrane was born in 
 Scotland in 1844 and was educated there, 
 and came to this country in 1867. He 
 served his apprenticeship in Liverpool, 
 England, and has had long experience 
 and thoroughly understands all the de- 
 tails of the business. 
 
 JOHN C. HARKNESS, Architect, 
 916 New York avenue. 
 
 Mr. John C. Harkness, the veteran 
 architect and builder, was born in Wash- 
 ington in 1805, and entered upon his pro- 
 fession as architect and builder as early 
 as 1825. He has been identified with the 
 District ever since that time. Mr. Hark- 
 ness is the designer and builder of many 
 of our principal residences. Mr. Hark- 
 ness has always been in the front rank, 
 and the many positions of trust held by 
 him make him conspicuous in our history, 
 and he is well known as one of Washing- 
 ton's ablest architects and builders for 
 the last half century. 
 
 M St. MARKET, 
 
 W. H. Bell & Bro., Proprietors, 1009 M 
 
 street. 
 
 One of the best appointed and well- 
 known market houses in the city is that 
 known as the M street market. W. H. 
 Bell & Bro., proprietors, and located at 
 1009 M street N. W. This business was 
 established about 15 years ago by Mr. 
 
174 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 Webster, who lately sold out to the Messrs. 
 Bell. They have not allowed the business 
 to deteriorate, but on the contrary are 
 increasing it gradually, while their future 
 prospects promise a substantial business. 
 The premises occupied are finely located, 
 and are well arranged for conducting the 
 business and displaying the stock. Fine 
 groceries, butter, provisions, vegetables, 
 fruits, etc., and everything pertaining to 
 a first-class market house can always be 
 found in stock. The individual members 
 of the house are W. H. Bell and Frank 
 J. Bell. The former was born in Balti- 
 more in 1850, and came to Washington 
 in 1861. The latter was born in Wash- 
 ington in 1864. They are capable and 
 enterprising business men, whose success 
 in so short a time gives promise of a sub- 
 stantial future. 
 
 CHURCH & STEPHENSON, 
 
 Lumber Merchants, Maryland Avenue, 
 
 near 7th st. S, W. 
 
 Messrs. Church & Stephenson have for 
 many years been identified with the lum- 
 bering trade, and now occupy an import- 
 ant position as one of the leading firms 
 in this line in the city. The firm is a 
 continuance of the firm of C. B. Church 
 & Co., which was established in 1861. 
 They occupy premises 200 x 200 feet in 
 dimensions, and give permanent employ- 
 ment to from 8 to 12 men, and have facili- 
 ties for increasing this force as occasion 
 requires. Although the staple article of 
 this business is lumber, such as oak, 
 maple, chestnut, walnut, etc., they 
 also do a considerable business in the 
 handling of doors, sash, blinds, mould- 
 ings, etc. Since inaugurating the present 
 business they have succeeded in building 
 up a trade of large proportions, which is 
 one of the leading enterprises of the city. 
 They purchase their supplies in large 
 quantities, a circumstance which enables 
 them to quote the lowest prices for the 
 best material. Their trade is large in the 
 District and surrounding country, and 
 extends through Maryland and Virginia. 
 Mr. Church was born and educated in 
 Washington, as was Mr. Stephenson also. 
 They are young and enterprising business 
 men who exert a healthful influence in 
 business and social circles, and who merit 
 the encouragement of our citizens. 
 
 p. McCartney, 
 
 Carpenter, Builder, and General Con- 
 tractor. Shop, 2701 M street. 
 
 Among the more prominent members 
 of this business in this city is Mr. P. Mc- 
 Cartney, of 2701 M street. He estab- 
 lished his business in 1874, and at his 
 present location has a convenient shop, 
 30 x 40 feet in dimensions, furnished with 
 all the means for the facilitating of his 
 business. Employment is given to twelve 
 hands, but the force of workmen is greatly 
 enlarged as the contract demands. Mr. 
 McCartney takes contracts on all kinds 
 of buildings and of a general character, 
 and has been connected with the con- 
 tracts on many of the prominent private 
 buildings of the city. He makes a spe- 
 cialty of jobbing and repairing, and all 
 such work receives prompt attention and 
 a guaranteed satisfaction. Mr. McCart- 
 ney is of Irish descent, having been raised 
 and educated in Ireland, and came to 
 this country in 1870. Since establishing 
 his business in this city he has, by energy 
 and fair dealing in all his contracts, built 
 up a business which is becoming more 
 lucrative each year. 
 
 Dr. V. SHINN, 
 Dentist, 927^ E street N. W. 
 
 Among the most prominent dentists of 
 this city we find the name of Dr. V. Shinn 
 of 927 2 E street. This gentleman com- 
 menced the practice of denistry in 1856, 
 after graduating with the highest honors 
 at the Philadelphia College of Dental 
 Surgery. His office is neatly and com- 
 fortably fitted up with all that modern 
 dentistry requires for the proper work of 
 the profession, and dentistry in all its 
 branches is practiced. 
 
 C. M. ALEXANDER, 
 
 Patent Solicitor and Attorney, No. 709 
 
 G street. 
 
 An experience of twenty-six years has 
 given Mr. C. M. Alexander a command- 
 ing position as one of our ablest patent 
 attorneys now practicing in the District. 
 The many patents, covering the most cel- 
 ebrated inventions, obtained through the 
 agency of Col. Alexander, are only proof 
 of the standard to which his business has 
 been advanced. His minute acquaintance 
 with all the details relating to laws gov- 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 175 
 
 erning the issue of patents and their prac- 
 tical application qualifies him for the 
 able representation of all cases submitted 
 to his care. A resident and practitioner 
 in the District since 1856, the late war 
 found Mr. Alexander responding to the 
 first call for troops. Entering the army 
 as a private in 1861, the service lost a 
 gallant soldier when he mustered out in 
 1864, not, however, until after having 
 reached the rank of colonel. He took an 
 active part in the continuous campaigns 
 of the Army of the Potomac, and his per- 
 sonal and clear-headed action at second 
 Bull Run, Antietam, South Mountain, 
 and other prominent engagements will 
 form a part of history, the details of 
 which are so well known. As the post- 
 master of the Capital's post office during 
 Mr. Johnson's administration Col. Alex- 
 ander showed his executive ability in 
 many ways — a position which he filled to 
 the satisfaction of all and with honor to 
 himself and his constituents. 
 
 HENRY HEIL. 
 
 Merchant Tailor, 315 Pennsylvania 
 
 Avenue N. W. 
 
 Among the leading houses in the mer- 
 chant tailoring line centered here in 
 Washington that of Henry Heil of 315 
 Pennsylvania avenue is rapidly growing 
 into favor. The business was established 
 in 1878 and occupies neat premises at the 
 above location 25 x 100 feet in dimen- 
 sions. The stock carried is a well se- 
 lected one, including an assorted lot of 
 foreign and domestic goods for business 
 and dress suitings. A fine line of gents' 
 furnishing goods is kept constantly on 
 hand. Mr. Heil is a native of Germany, 
 where he was born and educated, coming 
 to this country in 1867, and since his 
 starting in business in this city has made 
 a good reputation. 
 
 "WILLIAM BERLIN, 
 
 Druggist, corner 6th street and Mass. 
 
 Ave. N. W. 
 
 Mr. Berlin hails from the large manu- 
 facturing center of Johnstown, Cambria 
 county, Pennsylvania, and has occupied 
 his present place of business for the past 
 seven years. He began in a small way, 
 and by his close application to and ex- 
 perience in his business, has built up an 
 
 excellent trade in the constantly improv- 
 ing section of the city in which he is- 
 located. He at all times keeps on hand 
 an excellent stock of drugs and chemicals, 
 as also fancy and toilet articles, and pre- 
 pares a specialty known as Berlin's Cherry 
 Expectorant, a never-failing cough rem- 
 edy. Mr. Berlin does an even and 
 quiet business, which is becoming more 
 substantial and profitable each year. 
 
 D. CROWLEY, 
 
 "Wholesale and Retail Oyster Depot, 
 
 1118 Pennsylvania Avenue. 
 
 One of the leading dealers at wholesale 
 and retail in oysters is Mr. D. Crowley, 
 1402 Pennsylvania avenue N.W. Mr. 
 Crowley receives his oysters from all parts 
 of the Atlantic shore, and his trade in the 
 finest and choicest qualities is probably 
 as extensive as any in the city, his house 
 being known for receiving almost daily 
 shipments from the finest oyster-planting 
 grounds. Besides the Lynnhaven and 
 Little Necks, he receives and trades 
 largely in the choicest varieties of oysters 
 from Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries. 
 Orders for packing and shipping oysters 
 of any kind, in any shape or quantity, 
 will be promptly attended to. Mr. Crow- 
 ley's experience in the oyster trade en- 
 ables him to handle only the best and 
 choicest varieties, and through his facili- 
 ties for obtaining them he, is prepared to 
 furnish families in any section of the city 
 or country with prime oysters by the 
 pint, quart, or gallon, cleanly handled. 
 
 LLOYDS ORIGINAL WASHING- 
 TON 25-CENT EXPRESS. 
 Offices, 481 Pa. ave, 1003 F St., Bentley's 
 Pharmacy, 14th and Corcoran sts. 
 
 Prominent among the newer enterprises 
 of this city is that of the above company, 
 now widely known as one of the reliable 
 and well-conducted businesses of Wash- 
 ington. One year ago, to fill a long-felt 
 want, the " Lloyd's Original 25-cent Ex- 
 press " was established, and has met with 
 a great success. To accommodate the 
 public they have enlarged their facilities 
 and reorganized their force of employees, 
 and guarantee prompt and polite atten- 
 tion. Baggage, parcels, &c, are called 
 for and delivered to all parts of the city. 
 Baggage is checked at residences, furni- 
 
176 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 ture, &c, moved by careful hands, and 
 freight orders attended to. Telephone 
 connection with all parts of the city is 
 enjoyed, and a prompt and reliable mes- 
 senger service at the main office, 1003 F 
 street, is furnished, which is open nights 
 and Sundays. This firm also have special 
 facilities for shipping parcels to all parts 
 of the world by European express. This 
 company started in business about 18 
 months ago with one wagon. To-day 
 they have six fine wagons, and give em- 
 ployment to thirteen workmen and mes- 
 sengers, and are forwarding agents to all 
 parts of the world. Lloyd & Co. are 
 young men of most excellent business 
 abilities, and are thoroughly to be relied 
 upon in furnishing people with a prompt 
 and reliable service. 
 
 JOHN G. REISINGER, 
 
 Confectionery and Ice Cream Saloon, 
 
 235 G street N. W. 
 
 Among the enterprises which contribute 
 to the business interests of Washington is 
 the bakery, confectionery, and ice cream 
 establishment of John G. Reisinger, lo- 
 cated at 235 G street. This business was 
 originally established on 4£ street in 1861, 
 and at the present location in 1876, and 
 although commencing in a small and mod- 
 est manner, it has now reached fine pro- 
 portions. The premises occupied are well 
 arranged for conducting this business and 
 elegantly furnished, being 20 x 100 feet 
 in dimensions. All kinds of bread, cake, 
 confectionery, and ice cream are manu- 
 factured and sold at wholesale and retail. 
 Parties, balls, weddings, soirees, recep- 
 tions, and other entertainments furnished 
 at the shortest notice and on the most 
 reasonable terms. Mr. Reisinger was 
 born and educated in Germany and has 
 been a resident of Washington about 30 
 years. His fine business and business 
 place must be a source of gratification to 
 him, his success being the result of his 
 industrious habits and progressive ideas. 
 
 THOMAS HEANY, 
 
 Manufacturer of Marble and Granite 
 
 Monuments, &c. 456-462 Mass. ave. 
 
 The cemeteries of Washington are spe- 
 cially noticeable for the elegance and taste 
 displayed in their costly monuments and 
 tomb stones, many of which are the pro- 
 
 duct of the skill of Mr. Thomas Heany. 
 His business was established in 1873, and 
 occupies premises 68 x 175 feet in dimen- 
 sions, and gives employment to 13 skilled 
 workmen. All kinds of marble are here 
 put under requisition to supply the de- 
 mands of the public, as well as every sort 
 of foreign and American granite. The 
 specialty is fine marble work of every 
 kind. He is a manufacturer of marble 
 and granite monuments, headstones, wain- 
 scoting, tiling, plumber's slabs, and all 
 kinds of building stone. Mr. Heany was 
 born and educated in Ireland, and learned 
 the trade in New York, and has lived in 
 Washington since 1871. He is a practi- 
 cal stone cutter, and laid the foundation 
 of a practical knowledge of his art by 
 being the apprentice of his uncle, who 
 was a thorough artist in stone work. 
 
 Mr. Heany has made a honorable 
 record in the business community of this 
 city. Starting in business but ten years 
 ago, with only $20 capital, he has by 
 energy and perseverance built up a trade 
 that is second to none in the city, and one 
 that promises him a competency. 
 
 DANIEL SMITH, 
 
 Phoenix Plaining and Moulding Mill, 
 
 1210 Ohio Avenue, N. W. 
 
 Among the various industries noticed 
 in this volume, none have a higher repu- 
 tation or a larger patronage than the 
 Phoenix Plaining and Moulding Mill, 
 Daniel Smith, proprietor, established in 
 1858, after a few changes in location it 
 was located as at present 1210 Ohio ave. 
 in 1866, where Mr. Smith occupies fine 
 premises with a mill 84 x 100 feet, three 
 stories high and fully equiped with all 
 machinery necessary to carry on a first- 
 class business. A 55-horse power engine 
 propels the machinery, and 20 hands are 
 employed to further facilitate the business. 
 Mr. Smith makes a specialty of bracket 
 work, newels, balusters, and moulding; 
 he is a native of Massachusetts, 61 years 
 of age, and is still vigorous and a prac- 
 tical mill man of years of experience. 
 He has held a number of prominent posi- 
 tions, being three years a member of the 
 council under the territorial firm of gov- 
 ernment. Mr. Smith has always been a 
 man of progressive ideas. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 177 
 
 FAIRFAX DAIRY, 
 D. B. Russell, Prop., 3d and G sts. N.W. 
 The city of Washington is better sup- 
 plied with pure, wholesome milk than any 
 other city in the country, and chief among 
 the dealers in milk and dairy products is 
 Mr. D. B. Russell, the proprietor of the 
 well and favorably known Fairfax dairy, 
 office located on the corner of 3d and G 
 streets N.W. This business was estab- 
 lished by the present proprietor in 1882, 
 and from a modest beginning he has built 
 up a trade that now requires about 200 
 gallons of milk daily. The premises oc- 
 cupied are well adapted to the business, 
 and here can be found at all times milk, 
 eggs, butter, and all kinds of dairy pro- 
 ducts at wholesale or retail. Employment 
 is given to three assistants, and three 
 wagons are constantly in use delivering 
 milk, &c, to his many customers. The 
 products of this dairy are noted for their 
 freshness, purity, and cleanliness. All 
 the milks, eggs, &c, handled are bought 
 especially for him from a number of 
 farmers in Maryland and Virginia, of 
 whom he buys all they can deliver. Mr. 
 Russell was born in New York, and was 
 educated in that State and Virginia, and 
 has been a resident of Washington for the 
 past five years. 
 
 J. C. GOODMAN, 
 
 Groceries and Provisions, 29th street 
 
 and Dumbarton Avenue. 
 
 For ten years the inhabitants of this 
 locality have enjoyed the advantages of 
 this now popular and nourishing house, 
 established by the above gentleman in 
 1874. The proprietor not only keeps a 
 large and well assorted stock of the 
 choicest groceries and everything pertain- 
 ing to a first-class grocery store, but also 
 in connection with the regular business a 
 provision store, where he constantly keeps 
 on hand a large supply of all kind of 
 meats, vegetables, poultry, fish, and in 
 fact everything that the market affords. 
 Mr. Goodman was born in Maryland and 
 educated in this city, and is a young man 
 full of energy and industry. He com- 
 menced in a modest manner, and by pay- 
 ing close attention to the business and the 
 requirements of his patrons, has built up a 
 large and prosperous trade and has won 
 the confidence of the whole conimuuity. 
 12 
 
 JOYCE & SPEAR, 
 Attorneys-at-Law and Solicitors of Pat- 
 ents, 927 F street N. W. 
 
 Mr. Joyce, who was lately member of 
 Congress from Vermont, will practice in 
 the Supreme Court of the United States, 
 in the courts of the District, before the 
 several Executive Departments, and be- 
 fore Committees of Congress. He will 
 also give special attention to interference 
 cases in the Patent Office and suits for 
 the infringement of patents in all parts of 
 the country. Mr. Spear will attend to 
 the preparation and prosecution of appli- 
 cations for patents for inventions, will 
 make examinations as to the scope and 
 validity of patents, and prepare opinions 
 upon questions of infringement, and for 
 this department he is eminently fitted, 
 being the well-known Commissioner of 
 Patents, in which position he gave uni- 
 versal satisfaction. 
 
 J. STEWART & SON, 
 
 Marble Yard, New York ave., between 
 4th and 5th streets. 
 
 This firm is largely interested in the 
 stone business, and was established in 
 1876. They occupy premises 66 x 150 
 feet in dimensions, giving employment to 
 fifteen journeymen, three apprentices, and 
 two laborers. They deal in and manu- 
 facture all kinds of stone work, besides 
 being extensive importers of the finest 
 grades of Scotch granite; also handling 
 North River and Pennsylvania Milestone 
 flagging, curbing, sills, lintels, coping- 
 stones, platforms, &c, which they keep 
 constantly on hand ; also granite, marble, 
 and brownstone for building purposes. 
 Building work and jobbing are promptly 
 attended to. They also manufacture 
 every variety of marble work for ceme- 
 tery or ornamental purposes, employing 
 only skilled workmen for this branch of 
 the business, and turn out some beautiful 
 specimens of work in this line. Mr. J. 
 Stewart was born and educated in Scot- 
 land, and came to this country thirty 
 years ago. His son William, his partner, 
 is also a native of Scotland, but was edu- 
 cated in America. The younger son, 
 John, also connected with the works, is a 
 native of New York and educated in 
 Washington. Mr. Stewart and family 
 have resided in Washington for 26 years. 
 
178 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 JOSEPH P. COLLINS, Contractor, 
 
 3016 O street. 
 Although there are many members of 
 the guild, there are but few who stand 
 higher in the esteem of the public as a 
 contractor than Joseph F. Collins of 3016 
 O street. Mr. Collins is one of the most 
 experienced and largest contractors in 
 the District, having been engaged in the 
 business for the past thirty years. He 
 has been prominently before the public, 
 and been identified with the building con- 
 tracts of hundreds of buildings in the 
 District, both private and public, promi- 
 nent among which we mention " the 
 Young Men's Christian Association" 
 building, cor. 9th and D streets; Cook's 
 row, on Stoddard street ; superintended 
 and constructed the M street bridge under 
 the late Board of Public Works ; built 
 about 150 houses for Alexander R. Shep- 
 herd ; the residences of Judge Cox, Judge 
 Matthews, and Senator Windom, and 
 Fireman's Insurance and adjoining build- 
 ing. During the war Mr. Collins was 
 employed as engineer foreman by the 
 U. S. Government, and for three years 
 superintended work on the fortifications 
 around Washington and in Virginia. He 
 three times repaired the Chain Bridge 
 connecting Maryland and Virginia, which 
 was injured by both armies at different 
 times. Mr. Collins was born in West 
 Washington in 1830, and was there edu- 
 cated. 
 
 J. B. DAUGHTON, 
 
 Iron Founder, Office and Works, 1212 
 
 D street N. W. 
 
 It will be found upon examination of 
 this work that Washington is not deficient 
 in that distinctively American enterprise 
 and progress which has done so much to 
 develope the resources of the country. 
 The house of J. B. Daughton, which we 
 mention in this connection, was established 
 in 1871, and occupies premises 40 x 100 
 feet in dimensions, and gives employmeut 
 to ten hands. The works are divided into 
 moulding rooms, engine, machine shops, 
 and core room, and castings and wrought 
 iron work of every description made to 
 order. Cast and rolled beams, iron rail- 
 ing, stairs, stable fixtures, window guards, 
 cresting, step rails, oven and furnace doors, 
 grate bars, kiln grates, frames, wall 
 
 anchors, and ventilators. Mr. Daughton 
 is a thorough and practical founder, and 
 gives his personal supervision to all work. 
 He was born and educated in Baltimore 
 county, Maryland, and has been a resident 
 of Washington for over a quarter of a 
 century. The continuous success which 
 has attended the business ever since its 
 inception, together with the well-known 
 skill and enterprise of the proprietor seem 
 to insure a prosperous future. 
 
 HICKEY'S VIENNA MODEL 
 BAKERY, 
 1507 Columbia street N. W. 
 One of the most complete and thorough- 
 ly equipped establishments in this line is 
 that of Mr. Hickey, which was so famous 
 at the Centennial exposition of 1876. The 
 house is an old and standard one, and is 
 located at 1507 Columbia street, where he 
 has all the latest and most approved facili- 
 ties for conducting the business. Employ- 
 ment is given to from 8 to 10 able assist- 
 ants, and a specialty is made of Vienna 
 bread and rolls and Graham and rye 
 bread, besides a general line of other pro- 
 ducts in cakes, pies, and pastry. The 
 goods manufactured by this establishment 
 are highly esteemed, and in the one item 
 of Vienna bread does unusually large 
 business. At his salesroom, a full assort- 
 ment of all goods in his business line can 
 be found. Mr. Hickey was born in Ire- 
 land, and came to this country when quite 
 young ; he received his education in Bal- 
 timore, where he also learned his trade. 
 He is a practical baker of years experi- 
 ence, and his success since he has been in 
 this city is a substantial index of his enter- 
 prise and business capacity. 
 
 FRANKLIN INSURANCE CO., 
 
 Office, Bank of the Republic Building, 
 
 706 D street N.W. 
 
 The oldest and one of the most reliable 
 of Washington's home Insurance Compa- 
 nies is the "Franklin." The company 
 was chartered by Congress in 1818 and 
 since it has extended its operations to 
 such an extent that it is at present one of 
 the most flourishing institutions of the 
 kind in the District of Columbia. Up 
 to date its capital and surplus amount to 
 $230,000. The company insures real 
 estate and personal property of any de- 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 179 
 
 scription within the limits of the District, 
 and the payment of losses by fire and 
 consequences thereof is promptly made. 
 The company can boast of not having 
 had any litigation during the sixty-five 
 years of its existence. The affairs of the 
 company are managed by a board of 
 twelve directors, all of them gentlemen of 
 high commercial standing and well known 
 in the business circles of the capital. 
 The President, Dr. Daniel B. Clarke, is 
 a life-long resident of the District, and 
 fills at present the responsible position of 
 President of the National Bank of the 
 Republic, one of the oldest and most re- 
 liable financial institutions of the District. 
 The Treasurer, Mr. Chas. S. Bradley, is 
 a gentleman of acknowledged financial 
 ability, at present being the cashier of the 
 banking house mentioned before. The 
 present secretaryship is filled by Mr. I. 
 Fenwiek Young, a native and life-long 
 resident of the District, and a gentleman 
 of unquestioned integrity. 
 
 well and favorably known to need any 
 recommendation. Their long and some- 
 what eventful career in the express busi- 
 ness has placed them among the most 
 prominent in this line of industry, 
 and no establishment of the kind in this 
 city is more worthy of a generous support. 
 
 STEPHENSON'S EXPRESS, 
 Corner of North Capitol and E streets. 
 
 This enterprising and flourishing busi- 
 ness, was established upon a small scale 
 in 1857, by John F. Stephenson, the 
 father of the present popular manager and 
 owner. The success attending its business 
 from year to year was of so satisfactory 
 a character that it became one of the re- 
 cognized necessities of the city. John F. 
 Stephenson & Bro. succeeded to the man- 
 agement and sole proprietorship in 1880, 
 carrying with them into the business a 
 ripe experience of many years. This 
 enterprise now employs about fourteen 
 hands, and eight double and two single 
 wagons to meet the demands of their 
 business. Messrs. Stephensons do every 
 kind of local express business, and will 
 call at hotels, private houses, and mer- 
 cantile establishments for trunks, baggage, 
 and freights of all kinds intended for 
 removal from one point to another in the 
 city, to be transported by rail or boat. 
 They also deliver freights from all depots 
 and steamhoat wharves to any point in the 
 city at rates as low as any other first-class 
 express company. 
 
 The Stephenson Brothers were born 
 and raised in Washington, where they 
 have lived all of their lives, and are too 
 
 J. J. PREY & SONS, 
 Contractors and Builders, 3023 M st. 
 This business was established in the 
 year 1830, when only the prophetic eye 
 of the true business man could discern 
 the future great city in the then scattered 
 collection of houses. Hundreds of fine 
 and costly residences in Washington at- 
 test the skill and excellent work of the 
 Messrs. Frey, and give them a prestige 
 which is enjoyed by few. Their large 
 and extensive premises are fitted up with 
 every convenience necessary for carrying 
 on enterprises of the magnitude of the one 
 in which they are concerned, while the 
 force which they employ is proportion- 
 ately great and made up of the skilled 
 mechanics and workmen of the capital 
 city. They personally superintend their 
 work, and leave upon it the impress of 
 that thoroughness which the watchful eye 
 is quick to observe. The Messrs. Frey 
 were born in West Washington, were 
 educated there, and have earned for 
 themselves the respect and esteem of their 
 fellow citizens by exemplary conduct in 
 all the affairs of their business. They 
 are popular socially and in business cir- 
 cles. 
 
 GEORGE WILLNBR, 
 
 Paper Hangings, Window Shades, etc., 
 
 429 Ninth street N. W. 
 
 This is one of the leading establish- 
 ments of the kind in the city, as well as 
 being one of the oldest and most reliable, 
 having been founded in 1841, by the pre- 
 sent proprietor, Mr. Geo. Willner. Mr. 
 Willner has had a great many years expe- 
 rience in the business, and is an active man 
 despite the years that have flown over his 
 head. The premises occupied are 24 x 
 100 feet in dimensions, and the business 
 gives employment to from 3 to 6 first-class 
 workmen. The stock consists of plain 
 and decorative paper hangings, upholster- 
 ing goods of all descriptions. Lace cur- 
 tains, curtains, shades, carpets, mattings, 
 
180 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 oil cloths, &c. Contracting for papering 
 and decorating private houses is a spe- 
 cialty. Mr. Willner was born and edu- 
 cated in the Hartz Mountains, Hanover, 
 Germany, and is about 68 years of age, 
 came to Washington in 1839, and since 
 starting in business he has by energy and 
 his native thrift made himself a compe- 
 tency, and established a large trade which 
 is constantly increasing. He is ably as- 
 sisted in his business by his wife, who 
 thoroughly understands it in all its 
 branches. They are both members of 
 long and good standing in the Lutheran 
 church, and have a wide circle of friends, 
 both socially and in a business way. 
 
 JOHN CAMPBELL, 
 
 Cabinet Maker and Upholsterer, 
 
 609 Eleventh street. 
 
 Mr. Campbell established himself in 
 business in 1860, and now occuifies prem- 
 ises for upholstering and repairing furni- 
 ture at 609 Eleventh street, where he is 
 doing a good business. A large and di- 
 versified business is done in making com- 
 mon and extension tables, parlor and 
 chamber sets, centre tables, &c, and up- 
 holstering lounges, chairs, and every de- 
 scription of upholstered goods, besides 
 making a specialty of jobbing and repair- 
 ing. Mr. Campbell was born in Wash- 
 inton in 1826, and was here educated. 
 He is well known throughout the city, and 
 is prepared to manufacture cabinet work 
 to order, and guarantee it exactly accord- 
 ing to the specified requirements. He 
 strives to give satisfaction to all his cus- 
 tomers, and for work in his line no better 
 house can be found in Washington. 
 
 G S. WALKER, 
 
 Steam Monumental and Granite Works, 
 
 1318 and 1320 New York Avenue. 
 
 Sculpture is an art which has ever been 
 held in high esteem by all civilized na- 
 tions, and occupies an important position 
 viewed as an industry, which produces 
 articles of practical utilitv. Mr. G. S. 
 Walker, at 1318 and 1320 New York 
 avenue, is a representative establishment 
 where are manufactured all kinds of 
 monuments, headstones, slabs, and ceme- 
 tery work in general. Mr. Walker uses 
 marble that is justly celebrated for its fine 
 quality and durability, enabling him to 
 
 produce the finest work, he being one of 
 the finest draftsmen in the city. His bus- 
 iness was established in 1878, and occu- 
 pies premises 48 x 150 feet in dimensions, 
 and gives employment to 13 skilled work- 
 men. A 20-horse power engine, and the 
 latest improved machinery, furnishes the 
 motive power to the establishment. 
 Monumental and cemetery work is the 
 exclusive production of the house, speci- 
 mens of which can be seen in all the 
 cemeteries. Mr. Walker was born in 
 Scotland, and was there educated, coming 
 to America in 1870. 
 
 BROMWBLL PLATING WORKS, 
 
 J. E. Bromwell, Proprietor, 1214 Penna 
 
 avenue N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 The business of J. E. Bromwell, electro- 
 plater, at 1214 Pennsylvania avenue, was 
 established in 1880, and occupies commo- 
 dious and well appointed premises, and 
 gives employment to two workmen. Fine 
 electro gold, silver, and nickle plating is 
 done, and special attention is paid to plat- 
 ing knives, forks, spoons, tea-sets, watches, 
 chains, dental instruments, door plates, 
 stove fenders, &c. Mr. Bromwell is also 
 a dealer in antique brass and iron fenders, 
 fire sets, candlesticks, &c. Bronzing, re- 
 bronzing, and regilding is solicited. Mr. 
 Bromwell was born and educated in Bal- 
 timore. His establishment is one of the 
 most complete of its kind in the city, and 
 since commencing has, by the superior 
 quality of his work, and honestly keeping 
 his contracts, built up a large patronage. 
 
 COLUMBIAN WIRE WORKS, 
 D. W. Beveridge & Co., 308 11th street. 
 Wire weaving, in both plain and fancy 
 forms, is an industry which flourishes to 
 some extent in Washington, and among 
 those who do business in this line is D.W. 
 Beveridge & Co., 308 11th street. The 
 business was established in 1870 in a 
 small way, and has gradually increased 
 until the building now occupied is 18 x 100 
 feet in dimensions. The productions con- 
 sist of wire railings for bank and office 
 counters, crestings, balcony railings, 
 weather-vanes, wire signs, stable fixtures, 
 lawn furniture, fountains, flower-pot 
 stands, wire baskets, wire summer houses, 
 wire window screens, fire fenders, and a 
 full and complete line of other articles per- 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 182 
 
 taining to this class. Everything is man- 
 ufactured on the premises, and the estab- 
 lishment is appreciated by the public, as 
 it is visited by a great many people daily 
 out of mere curiosity. They show the 
 great utility of wire and its varied adap- 
 tations. The Messrs. Beveridge were 
 born and educated in Maryland, and live 
 in Baltimore, although doing business 
 here. They have gained a reputation for 
 business tact and ability, and have well 
 deserved the large and increasing success 
 which has attended their exertions, and 
 whose persistent and indomitable deter- 
 mination to succeed could scarcely fail to 
 secure the high position in the commer- 
 cial circles of Washington which they 
 now occupy. 
 
 W. D. GLENN, 
 Jeweler, 402 9th st. N. W. 
 
 Mr. Glenn has had considerable experi- 
 ence in the jewelry business in Washing- 
 ton, and his stock of gold and silver 
 watches, silverware, clocks, &c, is one of 
 the most complete to be found in the city, 
 his prices being always reasonable. The 
 jewelry business, within the past fifteen 
 years, has increased to a remarkable ex- 
 tent at the National Capital, not only in 
 local purchases made, but in buyers from 
 many other portions of the country. The 
 jewelry purchased of Mr. Glenn is always 
 found to be as represented, and the confi- 
 dence thus established is shown by the 
 large number of return sales that are 
 made to first purchasers. Mr. Glenn is a 
 native of Baltimore, having been born 
 there in 1837. He came to Washington 
 from Georgetown, and established himself 
 in business on F street in 1871, where he 
 had been in business on High street since 
 1863. 
 
 Mrs. GEORGE OTTO, 
 
 Metropolitan Bottling Establishment, 
 Mass. Ave., bet. 6th & 7th sts. N. E, 
 
 Conspicuous among the most prominent 
 business establishments of this city is the 
 Metropolitan bottling house, inaugurated 
 by George Otto, and since his death car- 
 ried on by his widow, on Massachusetts 
 avenue, between 6th and 7th streets N. E. 
 
 This business was established in the 
 year 1863, and has continued to meet the 
 demands of the public in such an accept- 
 
 able manner that it is now one of the 
 most extensive and popular of the kind 
 in the city. At first the sales were con- 
 fined to the local trade, but as the supe- 
 rior quality of the articles manufactured 
 became known a good trade has been 
 established at other points, until the estab- 
 lishment has been taxed to its full capa- 
 city. The dimensions of the building are 
 20 x 40 feet, with all of the appurte- 
 nances belonging to a first-class bottling 
 house. About seven hands are constantly 
 employed in manufacturing and bottling, 
 and three wagons are in constant use in de- 
 livering the products to the numerous 
 customers. The bottling of soda, porter, 
 sarsaparilla, cider and Capitol ginger 
 ale, is the specialty of this house. Since 
 the death of her husband Mrs. Otto has 
 shown great tact and skill in the manage- 
 ment of this extensive enterprise. 
 
 "WILLIAM L. FINLEY, 
 
 Notary Public and Commissioner of 
 
 Deeds, 1505 Pennsylvania Avenue. 
 
 Mr. Finley is a notary public and com- 
 missioner of deeds for several States, and 
 devotes a large share of his attention to 
 conveyancing. He established himself in 
 1882 and is an able man to employ in all 
 matters relating to the conveyancing of 
 property, notary public affairs, and the 
 registering of deeds. He has a large and 
 steadily increasing business extending to 
 all parts of the country. Mr. Finley was 
 born and educated in Maryland, and is 
 a young man full of energy, enjoying the 
 respect and confidence of his army of 
 friends. He has made the law of real 
 estate a study, and he is with the well-known 
 real estate broker, Mr. J.V. N. Huyck. 
 
 J. G. WEAVER & SON, 
 
 Cabinet Makers and Upholsterers, 623 
 
 G street N. W. 
 
 Conspicuous among the industries of 
 Washington are the spacious works of J. 
 G. Weaver & Son. The business was es- 
 tablished twenty-five years ago and now 
 occupies premises 30 x 150 feet, giving 
 constant employment to from eight to 
 ten workmen. They manufacture parlor 
 suits, chamber, dining-room, and office 
 furniture, tables and lounges. There is 
 nothing necessary or desirable for house- 
 hold utility or ornamentation that cannot 
 
182 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 be obtained at this establishment. From 
 the experience of over a quarter of a 
 century Mr. Weaver has gathered knowl- 
 edge of the most critical tastes, and has 
 kept up most thoroughly to the demands 
 made upon his house for new designs of 
 patterns and finish from the leading local 
 and suburban trade. Book cases and 
 writing desks have been manufactured 
 here for the Treasury Department, Patent 
 Office, and Post Office, and a number of 
 other public offices. Upholstering in all 
 its branches is carried on as well as wood 
 carving. The individual members of the 
 firm are Mr. J. G.Weaver, who was born 
 and educated in Gettysburg, Pa., and who 
 is about 65 years of age, and Mr. E. L. 
 Weaver, his son, who was born and edu- 
 cated in Washington and is 23 years of 
 age. As a business firm they are reliable 
 and straightforward, and exercise special 
 care to please all patrons. 
 
 GEO. FRITSCH, 
 
 Slate and Tile Roofer, corner P and 
 
 Tenth streets. 
 
 Among the slate and tile roofers of the 
 city there are none who enjoy a more ex- 
 tended or better reputation, or who merit 
 to a greater degree the support of the 
 business community, than Mr. George 
 Fritsch. There are to be found in all 
 parts of this city abundant evidences of 
 his skill and ability in constructing the 
 most handsome and substantial work. 
 Mr. Fritsch established himself about two 
 years ago, and by close application to the 
 business soon won reputation and a good 
 business. The premises occupied as a 
 yard are about 60 x 60 feet in dimen- 
 sions and well arranged for storing his 
 stock, of which he always keeps an ample 
 supply on hand. Employment is given 
 to from one to three assistants, as the con- 
 tract demands. Plain and ornamental 
 work of all kinds are done in a practical 
 and thorough manner, and the work in 
 all cases is warranted. Some of the best 
 roofing work ever done in this city was 
 done by this gentleman, who, being a 
 practical roofer, can appreciate all the 
 points of the business. Mr. Fritsch was 
 born and educated in Germany, and has 
 been a resident of this city about fifteen 
 years, during which time he has been a 
 thoroughgoing and useful citizen. 
 
 C. A. BRICKWEDDE, 
 
 Dealer in Fine Parlor Furniture, 822 
 
 9th st. 
 
 This business was established about 15 
 years ago on 8th street, but the business 
 growing so rapidly he was soon obliged 
 to secure larger quarters, which he did by 
 removing to the above number on 9th 
 street. The premises occupied are 30 x 
 80 feet, and afford the most convenient 
 accommodations for sale and display pur- 
 poses, and the stock of fine furniture pre- 
 sents one of the most complete and perfect 
 displays in the city. From the long and 
 practical experience of this gentleman he 
 has gathered knowledge of the most criti- 
 cal tastes, and has kept most thor- 
 oughly up to the demands made upon the 
 house for new designs of patterns from 
 the leading local and suburban trade. 
 Everything in the line of fine parlor fur- 
 niture is always to be found in stock, and 
 nothing necessary or desirable in this line 
 that cannot be obtained. Mr. Brick- 
 wedde was born, educated, and learned 
 his trade in Germany, and has been a 
 resident of Washington for the past twenty 
 years. He is an energetic and enterpris- 
 sing business man, reliable and straight- 
 forward in all his business relations. 
 
 BEX & HEUNSCH, 
 
 Carriage and 'Wagon Builders, Penna. 
 
 avenue and 13* street. 
 
 This firm occupies an acknowledged 
 position of prominence among the car- 
 riage houses of Washington, being one of 
 the most extensive in the city. The busi- 
 ness was established in 1882 at this loca- 
 tion, which has been used for the same 
 purpose for the past forty years. They 
 employ a force of ten workmen. This 
 firm is prepared to execute all orders 
 promptly, making wagons and carriages 
 of every style and description, a specialty 
 being made of repairing, which is promptly 
 attended to. Mr. Bex is a native of Eng- 
 land, where he was born in 1844, and 
 was there educated, coming to this country 
 in 1869. Mr. Heunsch was born in Ger- 
 many in 1846, and came to this country 
 when very young, and received his edu- 
 cation here. Both are enterprising and 
 pleasant gentlemen, and have established 
 a reputation for turning out good work, 
 and their success is a positive one. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 183 
 
 A. COWLING'S 
 
 Stables, 1307 G street North, bet. 13th 
 
 & 14th streets. 
 
 Mr. Cowling's livery stables, so well and 
 popularly known, were established in 
 1860 by its present owner, though the 
 buildings were erected by Mr. Cowling's 
 father as early as 1845. The special fea- 
 ture of the business is the furnishing of 
 hacks and hearses for funerals, to which 
 personal attention is paid, while most 
 moderate prices rule all transactions of 
 his business. A stock of first-clas vehi- 
 cles of every description is constantly 
 kept on hand for hire by the month or 
 the season. The stables are well fitted 
 up and provided with all modern improve- 
 ments of a first-class stable. Mr. Cowling 
 is a native of England and came to this 
 country as early as 1832. He received a 
 thorough business education in our public 
 schools, and is very well and favorably 
 known in Washington. The supply of 
 conveyances and the quality of horses 
 kept by Mr. Cowling are second to none 
 in the capital. 
 
 H. A. LINGER, 
 
 Manufacturer of Curled Hair Mattresses, 
 
 &c, 1111 Nineteenth street N.W. 
 
 There are few Washington houses which 
 have had a relatively larger growth than 
 the wholesale manufacturing mattress 
 house of H. A. Linger, at 1111 19th st, 
 N. W. The origin of this establishment 
 ■dates from about 1865, and at the present 
 location occupies premises consisting of 
 -an office and ware room 25 x 60 ft., three 
 stories high, and the factory 50 x 75 feet, 
 and two stories high. The business gives 
 employment to about 20 workmen skilled 
 in this branch of industry. A 12 horse 
 power steam engine is used as motor. At 
 TJniontown is the hair factory 40 x 100 
 feet in dimensions, at which place a 15 
 horse power engine is used, and where all 
 the hair used in his business is manipu- 
 lated. 
 
 This is exclusively a wholesale estab- 
 lishment, and all the machinery and ap- 
 pliances for the extensive business is of 
 the latest improved kind. Mr. Linger 
 was born and educated in Germany and 
 came to this country in 1855. His large 
 trade proves what can be done by indus- 
 try, perseverance and attention to business. 
 
 E. BURGDORF, 
 
 Livery and Sale Stables, &c, 418 and 
 
 420 Eighth street N.W, 
 
 This large stable is liberally supplied 
 with all the modern conveniencies. He 
 keeps a general livery and sale stable, 
 and enjoys the convenience of telephonic 
 communication with all parts of the city. 
 A large stock of the various and latest 
 styles of vehicles, and a point is made of 
 keeping spirited horses and good roadsters, 
 and is prepared to furnish a handsome 
 turnout, with an experienced driver, at 
 short notice. His residence is at 417, 
 opposite the stable, thus affording every 
 convenience to his many patrons. Mr. 
 Burgdorf is an active and self-made 
 man, commenced business in 1873, 
 and owes his success to untiring energy 
 and attention to his business. Mr. Burg- 
 dorf was born in Germany, and came to 
 this country in 1850, when he was quite 
 young, and received his education here. 
 His patronage is among the better class 
 of people, members of the Supreme Court, 
 officers of the Navy, and many of our na- 
 tional representatives and distinguished 
 visitors are among his frequent customers. 
 
 DAVISON'S 
 Ostrich Feather Dye Works, 1220 G st. 
 N. W. 
 The more general introduction of plum- 
 age for ladies' hats has made the establish- 
 ment of houses in this line necessary, 
 where all details connected with the clean- 
 ing, dyeing, renovating, and curling of 
 feathers and plumes are attended. A 
 specialty is made at Davison's of the 
 ostrich feathers. The re-curling of the 
 feathers, which is a tedious and scientific 
 process, done to the utmost satisfaction, 
 and ladies will find it to their interest to 
 call at this house. The dyeing at Da- 
 
184 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 vison's is done by sample, while black 
 feathers may be redyed in any shade re- 
 quired. The house is known also for the 
 manner in which long plumes are made 
 from short pieces, which are models in 
 completeness and appearance. Davison's 
 process for cleaning kid gloves and laces 
 has made this house a favorite one, and 
 the reasonable charges and thorough work 
 have procured it the largest share of 
 patronage in their line. All orders by 
 postal or letter are promptly attended to. 
 
 FRED. S. NEWMAN, 
 House, Sign, and Ornamental Painter 
 and Grainer, 911 20th street. 
 
 The industrial arts of Washington are 
 carried to great perfection, and some of 
 the more extensive houses display produc- 
 tions of great merit in the line of sign 
 painting and the decorating of houses. 
 This is notably the case with Fred. S. New- 
 man, 911 20th street, whose establishment 
 is one of the most perfectly equipped in- 
 stitutions of its kind in the city. He 
 has a very extensive business connection 
 all over the city, and has decorated some 
 of the finest mansions and public build- 
 ings in Washington. His business was 
 established in 1865, and occupies premises 
 18 x 26 feet in dimensions, giving employ- 
 ment to from 5 to 20 first-class workmen, 
 as the contracts on hand require. Does 
 all kinds of painting, and makes a speci- 
 alty of house, sign, and ornamental paint- 
 ing, and graining ; his first specialty being 
 wall coloring, at which branch he is a 
 thorough artist. Some of his more promi- 
 nent contracts are the President's Man- 
 sion, Medical Museum, Surgeon General's 
 Office, and various contracts on some of 
 the finest private residences in Washing- 
 ton. Mr. Newman was born in England, 
 in 1845, and was there educated, coming 
 to America in 1854. 
 
 WM. HEPNER, 
 Wig Maker, 503 11th st. N.W. 
 Mr. Wm. Hepner is one of those prom- 
 inent in this pursuit, and has rooms at 
 the above number fully equipped with all 
 that is necessary in his business. He es- 
 tablished his store in 1873, and makes 
 wigs of all kinds for individuals, theatri- 
 cal uses, &c, and keeps a large stock on 
 hand suitable for tableaux, masquerades, 
 
 and fancy dress balls. He has done much 
 work for the National Museum, and is con- 
 sidered an expert in the business, having 
 been engaged in it all his life. His repu- 
 tation is such that he is constantly receiv- 
 ing orders from celebrated actors and 
 actresses. His father was for years exten- 
 sively engaged in the same business before 
 him. He has commenced well, and is 
 rapidly gaining the confidence and sup- 
 port of many patrons, and his natural 
 qualifications, and the persistent attention 
 to the calls of trade which he has already 
 shown, can hardly fail to secure for him 
 a large success. Mr. Hepner was born 
 and educated in Washington, and is well 
 known in business circles. 
 
 DANIEL WARREN. 
 Bronzer of Gas Fixtures, Statuary, 
 Clocks, Vases, &c, 524 12th st. N.W. 
 
 This house was founded by individual 
 enterprise in 1880 by Mr. Daniel Warren. 
 Mr. Warren is a practical, thorough, and 
 expert bronzer, and old gas fixtures, stat- 
 uary, clocks, lamps, vases, ornaments in 
 plaster, &c, are as good as new when re- 
 paired and rebronzed by him. Brass fix- 
 tures, bird cages, candelabra, &c, are 
 regilded, and all work is done promptly 
 in the neatest and most substantial man- 
 ner. Mr. Warren was born and educated 
 in New York. At the breaking out of 
 the rebellion he enlisted in the 26th New 
 York regiment of volunteers, and served 
 two years with that organization, making 
 an honorable record. He came to Wash- 
 ington in 1864, and since establishing 
 himself in the business of bronzing he has 
 done a thriving and rapidly-increasing 
 trade. 
 
 PAUL HISER & SONS, 
 Manufacturers of Stone and Earthen- 
 ware, No. 1825 Wiltberger st. N.W. 
 
 In the United States considerable inter- 
 est has of late years been evoked in the 
 development of the ceramic art. Among 
 those so engaged in the above business are 
 Paul Hiser & Sons, who conduct the larg- 
 est concern of its kind in this section of 
 the country. Its operations date back to 
 about 1870, since which period all the 
 most approved modern appliances have 
 been added to the business, which now 
 turns out a superior kind of earthenware 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 185 
 
 as a specialty. In 1882 Mr. Hiser asso- 
 ciated his sons with him in the business 
 under the above title. All kinds of stone 
 and earthenware articles are manufac- 
 tured, and the best of modeling clay con- 
 stantly kept on hand. The trade is good, 
 and principally confined to the District. 
 Mr. Hiser was born and educated in Ger- 
 many, and came to this country in 1850. 
 Both of his sons were born and educated 
 in the District, and are both practical 
 potters, and devote their entire time and 
 attention to theinterest of the firm. 
 
 EMMET HOUSE, 
 
 Opposite Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 
 
 Depot, D. O'Brien, Proprietor. 
 
 lliiiliJif 8 111 
 
 Among the more prominent hotels in 
 the city of Washington is the well known 
 and popular Emmet House, situated op- 
 posite the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 
 Depot, Mr. D. O'Brien, proprietor. This 
 hotel was established by Mr. O'Brien in 
 1877, and from the date of opening has 
 always had a large and first-class patron- 
 age. In 1880 a large addition was- made, 
 and the house refurnished and remodeled 
 throughout, the building now being about 
 40 by 140 feet in dimensions, and four 
 stories in height. The first floor is occu- 
 
 pied by the dining room, office, and restau- 
 rant. On the second floor are the parlors 
 and sleeping apartments, 32 in number, 
 all of which are well arranged and finely 
 ventilated. The house is managed on the 
 American and European plan, and the 
 fine cuisine attracts a large and increasing 
 patronage from the traveling public. Mr. 
 O'Brien, the proprietor, is a native of 
 New York city, where he was born in 
 1836. At the age of eleven he came to 
 Washington, where he learned the stone- 
 cutter's trade, and followed it for a num- 
 ber of years, embarking in the present 
 business in 1865, which he has since fol- 
 lowed with substantial success. 
 
 EBBITT HOUSE LIVERY STABLES' 
 
 Corner 1.3)4 anc ^ C streets, J. E. Berry, 
 
 Proprietor. 
 
 Among the most favorably known liv- 
 ery stables of Washington may be men- 
 tioned that conducted by J. E. Berry, 
 corner 13? and C streets, and known as 
 the " Ebbitt House Livery Stables." This 
 business was established in 1877, and oc- 
 cupies a fine large building 63 x 130 feet 
 in area, and giving employment to 25 
 hands. A large stock of all kinds of ve- 
 hicles and fine horses are kept on hand, 
 including phaetons, coupes, landaus : and 
 reliable and skillful drivers in livery are 
 always kept. A specialty is made of fur- 
 nishing guests of the Ebbitt House and 
 other hotels with elegant turnouts ; also 
 weddings, receptions, parties, and funerals, 
 always accompanied with experienced and 
 polite drivers. Mr. Berry was born in 
 New Hampshire in 1839, and was educa- 
 ted in that State ; came to Washington in 
 1875, and since establishing his business 
 in this city has built up a fine trade. 
 
 R. A. WATERS & SON, 
 
 Book and Job Printers, coiner 15th 
 and F streets N. W. 
 
 The firm of K. A. Waters & Son is un- 
 doubtedly the oldest establishment in this 
 line in Washington. The business was 
 founded by Mr. Waters when Washington 
 city was yet a village, and snipe shooting 
 was common in the swamps where now 
 the Centre Market stands, and fifty-two 
 years ago was the only first-class printing 
 house in this city. Mr. Waters is a native 
 of this city, where he has lived for a period 
 
186 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 of 70 years. He formerly had the con- 
 tract for the State Department printing 
 until the time of the establishment of the 
 State Department Branch of the Govern- 
 ment Printing Office. He was one of the 
 military cadets who received Lafayette 
 at the steps of the east front of the 
 Capitol on his visit to this country, 
 and was an apprentice under Col. Peter 
 Force, under John Quincy Adams' ad- 
 ministration, and is at present one of the 
 oldest inhabitants of this metropolis. 
 This house makes a specialty of legal 
 printing, blanks, briefs, cards, and all 
 other kind of job work. Mr. Waters is 
 ably assisted by his son, Mr. J. S. Waters, 
 a native of this city, and a compositor 
 and proof reader of rare ability. 
 
 VEALE & LEIGH, 
 
 Dealers in Fine Groceries, Wines, etc., 
 
 Cor. High and Bridge sts., Georgetown. 
 
 This locality and number has long been 
 identified with the grocery business, hav- 
 ing been used for this business for the 
 past 50 years. In 1883 the firm of Veale 
 & Leigh established themselves here in 
 the grocery business, wholesale and retail. 
 The stock carried consists of a full and 
 complete assortment of staple and fancy 
 groceries, teas, coffees, sugars, spices, 
 canned goods, grocers' sundries, and a 
 general line of merchandise pertaining to 
 the trade, including wines and liquors. 
 The house makes a leading specialty of 
 fine groceries, and their facilities for pro- 
 curing supplies in this line are not excelled 
 by any house in the city. The individual 
 members of the firm are Mr. J. M. Veale, 
 who was born and educated in Virginia, 
 and M. McLeigh, who owes his birth and 
 education to the same State. Mr. Veale 
 has had a long experience in this business, 
 having been for eleven years with the old 
 and well-known firm of S. Cropley & 
 Sons. Both gentlemen are eminently 
 qualified for the business and well deserve 
 the large patronage they are receiving. 
 The high character and standing of their 
 business, the magnitude and extent of 
 their operations, extending over the Dis- 
 trict, and to Maryland and Virginia, 
 renders this house one of the most notice- 
 able features of the mercantile activity 
 which characterizes the capital city of 
 the nation. 
 
 LIVERY. 
 
 J. B. Olcott, I street, between 13th and 
 
 14th streets N. W. 
 
 The well-known and reliable livery of 
 J. B. Olcott, on I street, between 13th 
 and 14th, was established in 1862, and 
 since this period has occupied a promi- 
 nent position. The establishment is large, 
 being 41 x 150 feet in dimensions, and 
 giving employment to ten workmen. The 
 stock is first-class and complete, embrac- 
 ing everything required in a first-class 
 livery stable. Carriages of any kind are 
 furnished, and special arrangements made 
 for hiring by the month. Their office is 
 open day and night for the convenience 
 of customers, and is connected with the 
 National Telephone Exchange. The pat- 
 ronage is an extensive one, embracing the 
 wealth and fashion of the city. Mr. 
 Olcott was born in Connecticut in 1822, 
 and was educated in that State, and came 
 to Washington in 1855. He is a clear- 
 headed business man, a good manager, 
 and has built up one of the prominent 
 businesses of the capital. 
 
 E. BRICK, 
 
 Carriage and "Wagon Builder, 1221 E 
 
 street N. W. 
 
 Mr. E. Brick, carriage and wagon 
 builder, of 1221 E street, has been iden- 
 tified with this class of manufacture for 
 many years, and now stands among the 
 foremost of the trade in this city. The 
 factory is 30 x 100 feet in dimensions 
 and was established in 1880 under the 
 firm name of Bradford & Brick, Mr. 
 Bradford lately withdrawing from the 
 firm. All the facilities for building any- 
 thing in this line can be found there, and 
 a force of six workmen is employed, 
 the best material being used in all in- 
 stances and all work guaranteed. Repair- 
 ing is made a specialty and is promptly 
 attended to. A large stock of various 
 kinds of vehicles of his own manufacture 
 are kept on hand. The business since its 
 inception has steadily increased, until 
 now it extends throughout the District 
 and the surrounding counties of Virginia. 
 Mr. Brick is a practical mechanic, and 
 his industry and enterprise has placed his 
 house among the foremost of the manu- 
 facturers of the city and District, and 
 snrrounding States. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 187 
 
 W. H. GROAT, 
 Contractor, 2110 Pennsylvania avenue. 
 Among the contractors of this city 
 special mention is made of W. H. Groat 
 of 2110 Pennsylvania avenue. Estab- 
 lished in 1869, he has enjoyed a career of 
 unbroken success, which is attributable to 
 his honorable method of conducting busi- 
 ness, to which he has strictly adhered in 
 all his transactions. The business was 
 originally located at 1468 T street, from 
 which place he removed to his present 
 location. Mr. Groat superintended the 
 construction of the system of sewerage in 
 Washington, in the First Ward, south of 
 the avenue ; graded and sewered L street 
 from 20th to 14th street, under the Board 
 of Public Works ; was also largely en- 
 gaged in contracts for grading and pav- 
 ing. Constructed an important sewer in 
 the State of Ohio, was connected with the 
 construction of the Hudson River Railroad 
 and the Illinois Central Railroad as a 
 contractor, in both giving eminent 
 satisfaction, and was also engaged 
 in the contract on the building of the 
 Bureau of Engraving and Printing, and 
 many other works of a public and private 
 character. Mr. Groat was born in New 
 York State in the year 1826, and was 
 there educated, came to Washington in 
 1863, and in 1865 went to West Virginia 
 and had several years experience in boring 
 oil wells, both as superintendent and owner. 
 Since his return to Washington he has es- 
 tablished himself as a general contractor, 
 and by his energy and faithful performance 
 of all contracts has secured a large pat- 
 ronage, and as a contractor none stand 
 higher. 
 
 J. G. & J. M. WATERS, 
 
 General Commission Merchants, 1045 to 
 
 1051 32d street, Georgetown, D. C. 
 
 It will be found upon examination of 
 this work that Washington is not de- 
 ficient in that spirit of enterprise and prog- 
 ress which has done so much to develop 
 the country and its resources. The firm 
 of J. G. and J. M. Waters, general com- 
 mission merchants, at 1045, 1047, 1049, 
 and 1051 32d street, have done a full 
 round share in the creation of this state 
 of affairs. The business was established 
 in 1845 by the father of one of the pres- 
 ent members of the firm. The premises 
 
 occupied are large and ample, being 90 
 x 150 feet in dimensions. This firm con- 
 trols the sale in the District of the cele- 
 brated Round Top Hydraulic Cement, 
 manufactured in Hancock, Maryland, 
 and has been used in most of the im- 
 portant work that has been constructed 
 in the District, among which may be men- 
 tioned the Washington Aqueduct, Navy, 
 State, and War Department, extension of 
 the Capitol, U. S. Insane Asylum, new 
 jail, new Pension building, Smithsonian In- 
 stitution, Agricultural Department build- 
 ing, General Post Office, Treasury exten- 
 sion, reconstruction of Long Bridge, Sol- 
 diers' Home, Howard University, George- 
 town College building, Custom House and 
 Post Office of Georgetown, and all the 
 large sewers about the District ; also in 
 hundreds of private residences. They 
 are also agents of the Red Beach Calcined 
 Plaster. They do a general commission 
 business and make a specialty of grain 
 and flour, which they receive and sell in 
 large quantities. They handle a large 
 quantity of the Portland cement. Mr. 
 J. G. Waters was born in Charles county, 
 Md., came to Georgetown when very 
 young, and was here educated. Mr. J. 
 M. Waters was born and educated in 
 Georgetown. Since they have been at 
 the head of the business they have been 
 prominently identified with the interests 
 of Georgetown. 
 
 JAMES W. PUMPHREY, 
 
 Livery, Sale, and Hiring Stables, C St., 
 
 between 41 and 6th street. 
 
 This establishment was founded in 1820 
 by Levi Pumphrey, the father of the pres- 
 ent proprietor. The stables have ample 
 accommodations, being 100 x 120 feet in 
 dimensions, and employing a force of ten 
 hands. It is complete in everything ap- 
 pertaining to a first-class hiring stable, 
 consisting of fine horses and carriages 
 and handsome turnouts of every descrip- 
 tion. Double and single rigs, saddle 
 horses, and good trusty drivers are fur- 
 nished, and horses are purchased to order. 
 Mr. Pumphrey was born in Washington 
 in 1832, and has always resided here, re- 
 ceiving a liberal common school education. 
 He has devoted his time and best energies 
 to his business, which is now in a prosper- 
 ous condition. 
 
188 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 MORIARTY, 
 Merchant Tailor, 612 D street N. W. 
 Mr. J. H. Moriarty has been engaged in 
 business at his present stand, No. 612 D st. 
 N. W., since 1878, and in that time has 
 become Avidely known. The store is neat 
 and well adapted to his business, and 
 every facility is afforded the patrons of 
 the establishment to make selections from 
 the large and varied stock of stylish and 
 seasonable goods of both foreign and 
 domestic make. He employs a force of 
 skilled artizans, and makes a specialty of 
 fine work, and is a cutter of many years' 
 practical experience, and gives the high- 
 est satisfaction to all. Mr. Moriarty was 
 born in Ireland in 1842, and received 
 there a national school education ; came 
 to Cauada in 1863 and to the United 
 States in 1864. 
 
 GEORGE "WHITE & CO., 
 Iron Founders, Machinists, and Boiler- 
 makers, 462 Maine Avenue. 
 
 Among the leading industries of Wash- 
 ington is found the Washington Iron 
 Works, George White & Co., proprietors. 
 In these great iron works Messrs. White 
 & Co. manufacture all kinds of iron work, 
 and take general contracts for the manu- 
 facture of anything in iron. The busi- 
 ness was established in 1852, and occu- 
 pies premises 250 feet front by 130 feet 
 deep. The buildings consist of a foundry, 
 core house, blacksmith shop, machine 
 shop, boiler room, and office. An engine 
 of 15-horse power is used, and employ- 
 ment is given to from 50 to 75 skilled 
 workmen. The firm do a large amount 
 of contract work for the Government and 
 in connection with the Architect's Office, 
 and for the Treasury Department, Capi- 
 tol, Smithsonian Institution, and the Dis- 
 trict government. They were the manu- 
 facturers of about all of the street railway 
 work that is in this city. This company 
 are the owners of a patent turn-table, and 
 by experts it is said to be superior to any- 
 thing yet invented in that line. Mr. 
 George White, the founder of the firm, 
 was born and educated in Baltimore 
 county, Maryland, and has lived in Wash- 
 ington about 35 years. Liberality and a 
 straightforward system of dealing have 
 ever characterized the transactions of the 
 house, and its success is fairly earned. 
 
 GEORGE T. BYNG, 
 Druggist, 29th and O sts. 
 A representation of the industries of 
 West Washington would be incomplete 
 without prominent recognition of its well- 
 appointed drug stores. There are none 
 perhaps who enjoy a more liberal patron- 
 age than that of Mr. George T. Byng, at 
 the corner of 29th and O streets. For 
 many years this house has enjoyed the 
 confidence and received the patronage of 
 all classes. The business was established 
 in 1867, and has been prosperous and 
 steadily increasing in trade ever since. 
 The premises are neat and commodious, 
 being 60 by 100 feet in dimensions. The 
 stock is large, embracing a full line of 
 drugs, chemicals, medicines, and a full 
 line of druggists' supplies, also a well-se- 
 lected stock of soap, perfumes, hair and 
 tooth-brushes and toilet and fancy arti- 
 cles. The prescription department is pre- 
 sided over with skill, and only the purest 
 drugs are compounded. Mr. Byng was 
 born and educated in the District, and 
 stands high in the confidence and the es- 
 teem of all who know him. 
 
 JOHN R. GALLOWAY, 
 
 Practical Bell-Hanger and Dealer in 
 
 Builders' Hardware, 529 10th st. N.W. 
 
 This is one of the important establish- 
 ments engaged in this special line of busi- 
 ness in the city, and in all matters per- 
 taining to the practical bell-hanging and 
 locksmith industry takes a leading rank. 
 The business was established in 1878, and 
 occupies premises sufficient in dimen- 
 sions, giving employment to from 3 to 5 
 assistants. Practical bell-hanging and 
 locksmithing in all its branches is carried 
 on to the fullest capacity of the shop. Ball 
 tubing is manufactured by machinery, 
 the machine used being an ingenious and 
 practical invention. Mr. Galloway was 
 born in Maryland about 32 years ago, 
 and has been a resident of Washington 
 about 8 years. He is an expert in black- 
 smithing, having been called upon by the 
 Government on numerous occasions to 
 open safes when the locks were out of or- 
 der or the combination lost, and has done 
 much work for the Department of Jus- 
 tice. The business was commenced in a 
 small way, and has been built up by the 
 energy and industry of the proprietor. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 189 
 
 R. L. PARRY, 
 •Carpenter and Builder, 1220 G st. N.W. 
 
 Among the leading houses whose en- 
 ergy and enterprise have given conspicu- 
 ous position to the trade of carpentering 
 and building is that of Mr. R. L. Parry, 
 at 1 220 G street. The business was es- 
 tablished in 1877 and occupies premises 
 25 x 30 feet in dimensions, and gives em- 
 ployment to from 25 to 35 workmen, as 
 the nature of the contract requires. The 
 trade is confined mostly to the city, and 
 Mr. Parry is at all times ready to con- 
 tract for both public and private build- 
 ings. Among some of the more notable 
 structures of his building we mention the 
 National Rifles Armory, Lenthall Home, 
 19th and G streets, also a large number 
 of private residences in various parts of 
 the city, among which was a large picture 
 gallery at the late Gov. Swann's residence. 
 Mr. Parry was born in Virginia in 1839 
 and was there educated, coming to Wash- 
 ington in 1869, and since the establish- 
 ment of his business he has always been 
 regarded as a substantial addition to the 
 business ranks of the city, and one who 
 can be relied upon in all commercial 
 transactions to give satisfaction to those 
 who trade with his house in the matter of 
 contracts, which he always carries out to 
 the letter. 
 
 GEORGE W. CROPLEY, 
 
 Dealer in Drugs, Medicines, Paints, &c, 
 
 No. 3077 M street N. W. 
 
 For more than fifty years the locality 
 occupied by Mr. George W. Cropley, 3077 
 M streets, has been used for the drug busi- 
 ness ; for many years it was under the 
 charge of the Sothoron family, father and 
 sons. In 1847 it passed into the hands of 
 Richard Cissel, who continued in the busi- 
 ness until 1866, when the present propri- 
 etor became the owner. The premises are 
 20 x 60 feet in dimensions, three stories 
 and a cellar. Employment is given to 
 two clerks. The store is well arranged, 
 being handsome and attractive. The 
 stock is large and very complete, embrac- 
 ing everything to be found in a first-class 
 establishment. A fine soda fountain is 
 run in connection with the business. All 
 kinds of drugs, medicines, paints, oils, 
 patent medicines, and toilet articles are 
 here to be found. Mr. Cropley was born 
 
 and educated in the District, and is promi- 
 nently identified with all the best interests 
 of the District, occupying positions of 
 honor and trust, and enjoying the confi- 
 dence of his fellow-citizens. A long ex- 
 perience in the drug business, thoroughly 
 knowing and understanding it in all its 
 details, fits him eminently for the business 
 he follows with so much honor. 
 
 WHEATLEY BROS., 
 
 Lumber Dealers, 3034 Water St., George- 
 town. 
 
 It is now 38 years since this old and 
 reliable representative of the lumber in- 
 terests was founded. They occupy twelve 
 acres of ground for yard and buildings, 
 and a dockage of 137 feet front. The 
 yards are well arranged, and have ample 
 buildings for storing their choicest lum- 
 ber and shingles, and fancy woods, that 
 they at all times keep in stock. The firm 
 have a branch yard at the corner of 7th 
 and R streets N. W., in this city. They 
 handle about ten million feet of lumber 
 annually, receiving white pine from the 
 West and yellow from Virginia, Florida, 
 and Georgia, and spruce from Maine. 
 They make a specialty of fancy and hard 
 wood, and builders' materials. The 
 brothers are natives of Georgetown, and 
 are thoroughly practical in their line of 
 business. 
 
 E. H. KING, 
 
 Cabinet Maker, Nos. 1331 G and 522 
 
 13th streets N. W. 
 
 In the manufacture of all articles in 
 his line, Mr. E. PI. King has aimed at 
 substantial and reliable work. He estab- 
 lished his business in 1855, and located at 
 his present place, 522 13th street, in 1872, 
 occupying premises 25 x 160 feet in dimen- 
 sions, and giving employment to from 6 
 to 10 workmen. He does all kinds of 
 cabinet work, including dining room and 
 office furniture. His work is reliable, of 
 a fine finish, and how well he has suc- 
 ceeded may be gleaned from the fact that 
 his work is principally done for the Gov- 
 ernment. He is now daily turning out 
 work and repairing for the Government, 
 and has done work for every Department, 
 including the House of Representatives 
 and the Senate. During the Centennial 
 he did over $8,000 worth of work for the 
 
190 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 Agricultural Department, to be used at 
 that exhibition. Mr. King was born and 
 educated in Alexandria, Va., and is about 
 63 years of age. Since establishing his 
 
 business he has, by his well-known busi- 
 ness attainments, built up a large and 
 growing trade, which gives promise of a 
 still more substantial success in the future. 
 
 CROPLEY, BOTELER & CRAMPTON, 
 Manufacturers of Fertilizers, &c, 3209 M street, Georgetown, D. C. 
 
 Among the leading firms 
 who make a specialty of 
 this branch of trade is that 
 of Cropley, Boteler, & 
 Crampton. This well- 
 known house was estab- 
 lished in 1882, and occupy 
 premises 30 x 60 feet in 
 dimensions, and warehouse 
 ( 50 x 100 feet in area. The 
 W^SjSSS--0 factory i* one of the most 
 complete in the country, 
 and the fertilizers manufactured combine the element necessary to produce growth 
 and permanently improve the land. Hundreds of testimonials can be shown in 
 favor of their special brands of fertilizers. The grain, cotton, and tobacco growers of 
 the country unite in praising the goods according to the splendid crops they have 
 produced. Their trade is large and steadily increasing in this District, Vir- 
 ginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. They make a specialty of the " Acme" and 
 " Ammoniated " bone superphosphate, and " Bone and Potash" fertilizers, and have a 
 large demand for their potato, corn, and tobacco branch. Combined with their 
 business they handle all classes of field and garden seeds, and are agents for 
 various agricultural implements and outfits, among which we mention Deering & 
 Co.'s harvesters, Tennessee Wagon Co.'s wagons, Greencastle grain drills, Rem- 
 ington ploughs, and Baldwin's patent reversible slip share. Mr. Cropley is a 
 native of Georgetown, and Messrs. Boteler and Crampton of Frederick County, Md. 
 The standard reputation of this firm has been acquired by the excellency of their 
 goods. They are all young, industrious and enterprising men who, by their com- 
 mercial ability, have achieved a prominence accorded only to those whose transac- 
 tions have been based on the strictest principles of mercantile honor. 
 
 PULLMAN'S 
 Photographs and Portraits, and Photo- 
 graphic Supplies, 935 Penn. Avenue. 
 
 To produce satisfactory and pleasing 
 pictures requires skill, refined taste, ap- 
 preciation of the laws of light and shade, 
 a perception of correct pose, and also 
 much study and practice, as well as an 
 expensive outfit and properly arranged 
 studio. All these requisites are found at 
 the well-known and popular art rooms of 
 Mr. E. J. Pullman, located at 935 Penn- 
 sylvania avenue. This gentleman has 
 been established as a photographer in 
 Washington since 1866, removing to his 
 present location in 1872, where he occu- 
 pies the second and third floors of the 
 above number, each covering an area 25 
 x 100 feet. The parlors and operating 
 
 rooms are neat and convenient. The in- 
 stantaneous process is used, thereby doing 
 away with repeated sittings. In addition 
 to the labors of his gallery, Mr. Pullman 
 does an extensive business in photogra- 
 phers' materials, and is able to supply 
 the demand for all kinds of chemicals and 
 other necessary articles. He also fur- 
 nishes outfits for amateurs and does copy- 
 ing and printing for them and the trade, 
 and is prepared to undertake any order 
 for photographic work. Mr. Pullman 
 was born in Chatauqua county, N. Y., 
 and since coming to this city has won the 
 confidence and patronage of the com- 
 munity. Mr. Pullman makes a specialty 
 of reproducing old pictures, and few art- 
 ists have been able to equal this establish- 
 ment in this branch of the art. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 191 
 
 J. A. GRIESBAUER, 
 Tailor, 435 Ninth street, near E. 
 This successful and popular business 
 enterprise was founded at its present 
 location in 1869, where it occupies premi- 
 ses 20 x 60 feet in dimensions, which are 
 neatly and tastefully arranged. The 
 store-room is well adapted for the busi- 
 ness, and contains at all times a large 
 and valuable stock of foreign and domes- 
 tic cloths, which are used exclusively for 
 goods ordered. He does a large business, 
 principally in Washington, although he 
 is in constant receipt of orders from all 
 parts of the country from former custom- 
 ers who have moved away. Mr. Gries- 
 bauer is a native of Germany, where he 
 was born and educated, coming to this 
 country in 1866, and soon after came to 
 this city and opened up his successful 
 business. He employs from ten to fifteen 
 workmen, and is looked upon as a relia- 
 ble business man and a first-class artist 
 in every respect. 
 
 JAMES BELLEW, 
 
 Undertaker and Furnishing Undertaker, 
 
 711 7th st. 
 
 The undertaking establishment of Mr. 
 James Bellew is one of the leading houses 
 of its class in the city. Mr. Bellew es- 
 tablished himself as a bookseller in 1862, 
 which business he carried on until 1884, 
 when he closed out the business, and now 
 devotes his entire time to the above busi- 
 ness. The premises occupied are about 
 20 x 100 feet in extent and finely arranged, 
 and fitted up for conducting the business, 
 with a stock of the latest designs and 
 styles of wood, crystal glass and metallic 
 burial cases, with every variety of trini- 
 ings and undertaking upholstery, to meet 
 the requirements, tastes, and ability of 
 the public. He attends personally to all 
 the details of funerals, furnishing hearses, 
 carriages, embalming preparation, and 
 generally superintending the management 
 of affairs. Mr. Bellew is also the city 
 agent of the well-known Inman line of 
 European steamers, which he ably repre- 
 sents. He was born in Ireland, and there 
 received his education. He has been a 
 resident of Washington about 25 years, 
 and is a gentleman eminently qualified 
 for the delicate and responsible position 
 which he has so successfully filled. 
 
 W. H. VEERHOFF. 
 
 Wall Paper, Window Shades, &c, 
 916 7th st. N.W. 
 
 The business of Mr. W. H. Veerhoff is 
 one that has been developed rapidly, and 
 bids fair to take the lead in this branch 
 of industry. The business was established 
 in 1874, and occupies the premises 411 
 Seventh street, 12 x 60 feet in dimen- 
 sions; and those at 916 Seventh street 
 being 18 x 90 feet in dimensions, where 
 the manufacturing of all kinds of picture 
 frames, cornices, &c, is carried on, and 
 where he deals in pictures of every kind. 
 Mr. Veerhoff has a most satisfactory con- 
 nection in his business, which extends all 
 over the city. He started in business 
 with only a moderate amount of capital, 
 and has been, so far, eminently successful, 
 with every indication of a rapid increase 
 in the near future. Mr. Veerhoff was 
 born and educated in Germany, is about 
 36 years of age, and has been a resident 
 of Washington city 16 years. 
 
 Dr. R. A. BACON, 
 Druggist, 529 4£ street S. W. 
 Among the many different businesses 
 and avocations of the city there are none 
 of more importance than the drug trade. 
 Prominent in this branch of commercial 
 enterprise is the drug house of Dr. R. A. 
 Bacon, located at 529 4i street S. W. 
 This house was established about twenty- 
 five years ago by the present proprietor 
 and is one of the oldest in South Wash- 
 ington. The premises occupied are very 
 neat and are fitted up in the latest style. 
 Employment is given to two first-class 
 assistants, both of whom thoroughly un- 
 derstand the business in all its branches. 
 In the stock can be found a fine line of 
 drugs, chemicals, medicines, toilet articles, 
 and everything pertaining to a first-class 
 drug store. An elegant soda fountain is 
 to be found in an alcove adjoining the 
 main room, where all who desire can pro- 
 cure this popular drink. Dr. Bacon, the 
 proprietor, was born in Bedford and edu- 
 cated in Cambridge, Mass., in the drug 
 trade, and came to Washington in 1860, 
 since which time he has been identified 
 with the growth and business of the city,, 
 being a public-spirited citizen, who takes 
 an active interest in the advancement of 
 our beautiful metropolis. 
 
192 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY, 
 
 W. C. BURROUGHS, 
 Cabinet Maker, 1007 B st. N. W. 
 
 Prominent among the establishments of 
 this kind in the city is that of Mr. W. C. 
 Burroughs, of 620 G street N.W. This 
 business was established in 1877, and oc- 
 cupies premises 26 by 40 feet in dimen- 
 sions, and gives employment to a corps of 
 workmen skilled in every branch of this 
 business. Every department is thoroughly 
 replete with all the appliances pertaining 
 to the business, and the greatest care is 
 required on the part of the employees that 
 all work may be kept up to the one high 
 standard of excellence. All kinds of 
 cabinet work, hard-wood doors, mantels, 
 mirror frames, and curtains, are made to 
 order, and repairing is promptly attended 
 to. Mr. Burroughs was born in Mary- 
 land and educated in Washington, is 47 
 years old, and has lived in Washington 
 44 years. He was during the war a mem- 
 ber of the 4th battalion from the District 
 in the three months' service. He after- 
 wards raised a company for the 16th 
 West Virginia volunteers, receiving a 
 commission of lieutenant from Governor 
 Pierrepont. In this organization he served 
 10 months, his record as a soldier being a 
 gallant and meritorious one. Since es- 
 tablishing his business in this city he has 
 enjoyed a liberal patronage, which he has 
 held by his superior attainments as a me- 
 chanic and by the faithful carrying out 
 of all of his contracts. 
 
 F. STEINLE, 
 
 No. 119 Penna. aveuue, Capitol Hill, 
 
 Confectionery, Ice Cream, &c. 
 
 The leading confectionery on Capitol 
 Hill is the well-known house of F. Steinle, 
 at 119 Pennsylvania avenue. This place 
 i of business was established 34 years ago, 
 and from the modest beginuing at that 
 time the business has grown to be the 
 largest and most important of the kind 
 east of the Capitol. The premises occu- 
 pied are 25 feet front and extend through 
 to B street. Four expert workmen, 
 skilled in the business, are employed con- 
 stantly. The manufacture of confection- 
 ery, ice cream, jellies, and water ices is 
 carried on, and families are supplied with 
 any quantity desired. All confections 
 are manufactured from the purest and 
 best ingredients, and are not excelled in 
 
 havor by any in the city. The sales- 
 room and ice cream parlors are fitted up 
 in the most modern style, and cleanliness 
 is everywhere observed. Mr. Steinle was 
 born and educated in Germany, and has 
 been a resident of Washington for the past 
 35 years, and has by his enterprise built 
 up a business that is a leading industry 
 in the city. 
 
 GEO. F. McAVOY, 
 
 Practical Plumber, Gas and Steam Fitter, 
 
 706 14th street N.W. 
 
 Among the recognized practical plumb- 
 ers, thoroughly acquainted with all the 
 dicta of science in sanitary appliances, 
 Geo. F. McAvoy occupies a conspicuous 
 place. He established his business in this 
 city in 1876, and at present occupies a 
 neat and complete store on 14th street. 
 Mr. McAvoy makes a specialty of the in- 
 troduction of sanitary plumbing arrange- 
 ments in newly built residences or busi- 
 ness structures, while the alteration of de- 
 fective plumbing, on perfect sanitary 
 principles, may be safely entrusted to his 
 care. A full stock of everything required 
 in the different branches of his business 
 is constantly kept on hand, including the 
 newest patterns for ventilation, &c. Mr. 
 McAvoy was bom in Philadelphia and 
 came to this city while a child. From 
 boyhood up he applied himself to the 
 thorough and practical study of his busi- 
 ness, and he now enjoys a widely extended 
 reputation as one of Washington's most 
 skillful mechanics and artisans. 
 
 THE ORIGINAL NATIONAL PIE 
 BAKERY, 
 
 L. H. Lamb, Prop'r, 54 F street S.W. 
 One of the most complete and thor- 
 oughly equipped establishments in the 
 city of Washington is the famous and 
 popular National Pie Bakery, L. H. 
 Lamb, proprietor, and located at 54 F 
 street S.W. This business was established 
 in 1862 on East Capitol street by the 
 present proprietor in a small way, but by 
 indefatigable efforts it has increased un- 
 til to-day it stands foremost as one of the 
 leading industrial enterprises of the city. 
 Four large ovens are required, and a force 
 of 12 hands regularly employed. The 
 specialty of the bakery is the making of 
 pies, which are so well known to families 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 193 
 
 and dealers, and four wagons are required 
 to deliver the products to customers in all 
 sections of the city and District. Al 1 kinds 
 of pies are made, and in the manufacture 
 of them only the best fruits and materials 
 are used, and on these points his reputa- 
 tion and trade has be^i founded. Lamb's 
 pies are celebrated throughout the Dis- 
 trict, and there is hardly a dealer who 
 does not handle them, so great is the de- 
 mand. Mr. Lamb is a practical baker of 
 many years experience, and has built up 
 an increasing and lucrative business. He 
 is a native of the Distrist and is closely 
 identified with the business interests of 
 the city. Is an energetic and industrious 
 business man, conversant and familiar 
 with all the details of the business, and 
 deserves the success which he is now en- 
 joying. 
 
 J. C. NEWTON. 
 
 House, Sign, and Ornamental Painter, 
 
 718 18th St., bet. Penn. ave. and G sts. 
 
 Mr. J. C. Newton about four years ago 
 opened the place No. 718 18th street, suc- 
 ceeding Geo. W. Chamberlin in the busi- 
 ness of house, sign, and ornamental paint- 
 ing. He occupies buildings and grounds 
 16 x 80 feet, and employs from 25 to 30 
 men, according to the business and the 
 requirements of the season. He is a na- 
 ' tive of Washington, about 38 years of age, 
 and a practical and artistic workman. 
 The same tact and enterprise, which ena- 
 bled him to build up his business, has 
 been applied to its increase, and by pur- 
 suing an undeviating course of fair deal- 
 ing he has a large list of patrons. Among 
 his more prominent contracts in painting 
 we mention the Riggs House, National 
 Observatory, Corcoran Gallery of Art, 
 Executive Mansion, and the Bitish Lega- 
 tion. He makes a specialty of fine resi- 
 dences. 
 
 CUTHBERT WALKER, 
 
 Stone Yard, coiner 26th and K streets, 
 
 2523 K street. 
 
 In handling marble, stone, and all the 
 products of a stone yard, Mr. Cuthbert 
 Walker, of 2523 K street, has been doing 
 a thriving business since 1874, in which 
 year his business was established. He 
 occupies premises 54 x 125 feet in dimen- 
 sions, and gives employment to eight 
 13 
 
 workmen. Ohio granite and brownstone, 
 marble, and all kinds of building work 
 are furnished at the lowest rates. He 
 sells stone dressed and undressed, and has 
 a large demand from the city and Dis- 
 trict. He carries a good supply of all 
 the varieties of stone, and is prepared to 
 furnish builders with any kind and style 
 desired. Mr. Walker was born in Eng- 
 land in 1834, and was educated there; 
 came to America in 1857, and since es- 
 tablishing business in this city has, by a 
 steady and persistent attention to the 
 demands and endeavoring to give satis- 
 faction to one and all of his customers, 
 taken a leading position among the in- 
 dustrial businesses of the city. 
 
 COLUMBIA TANNERY, 
 W. R. Turner, Prop., 2078 32d st. N.W. 
 
 The tannery now conducted by Mr. 
 Turner has been carried on at this local- 
 ity for the last sixty years, having orig- 
 inally been conducted by Mr. Hyde, 
 afterward, and for many years, continued 
 by Mr. Eleason. The present proprietor, 
 Mr. Turner, commenced the business in 
 1871. The premises cover two and one- 
 half acres of ground and are in every way 
 adapted to the business. A specialty is 
 made of the dressing of all kinds of skins 
 of animals, for which their house has an 
 established reputation. In 1882, in con- 
 junction with tanning, and for the pur- 
 pose of utilizing this surplus steam power, 
 he established the stove and kindling- 
 wood business, a new enterprise with 
 which he has had great success. This 
 work is done by machinery, the wood put 
 into bundles in convenient size, and meets 
 with ready sale throughout the District. 
 He has a large and constantly increasing 
 business in the District and also in Balti- 
 more, Maryland. A large stock is car- 
 ried, and employment is given to from 
 13 to 15 hands. Mr. Turner was born in 
 Berkley County, West Virginia, and there 
 educated, and came to the District in 
 1871. 
 
 CARTWRIG-HT & JOHNSTON, 
 Lime Kilns, 29th street, south of M. 
 
 The extensive business of Cartwright & 
 Johnston was established in 1883, and 
 occupies a convenient plant for their busi- 
 ness, embracing two lots, one being 80 x 
 
194 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 120, and one 146 feet, running back to 
 Rock Creek 160 feet. They have two kilns 
 of the latest improved patents, each hav- 
 ing a capacity of ninety barrels daily. 
 The kilns are iron clad to the top from 
 where they are fed. Besides having every 
 convenience for conducting their large 
 and steadily- increasing business, they have 
 a fine trade extending throughout the Dis- 
 trict, Maryland, Virginia, and the sur- 
 rounding country. Mr. Johnston was born 
 and educated in Georgetown, and is a 
 young man, full of energy, and is well 
 known in business and social circles. Mr. 
 Cartwright is a native of Maryland, com- 
 ing to Georgetown when very young, and 
 was there educated. He has had many 
 years experience in this line of business, 
 and thoroughly understands it in every 
 department. This firm holds a leading 
 position among the most prominent busi- 
 ness establishments of this city, and under 
 this management it will lose none of its 
 popularity or vigor. 
 
 JAMES A. K. MOORE, 
 
 Walton Wall Papers, Window Shades, 
 
 &c, 309-311 9th st. N.W. 
 
 In the foremost ranks of the paper- 
 hanging and house-decorating business in 
 this city is James A. K. Moore, located at 
 309-311 Ninth street, where he occupies 
 premises 24 by 100 feet in dimensions, 
 and giving employment to a corps of 
 skilled workmen in the various depart- 
 ments. The business was established in 
 1839 by Mr. Douglass Moore, who was 
 succeeded by the present proprietor. The 
 stock consists of plain and decorative 
 wall-papers, Eastlake rocking-chairs, mir- 
 rors, picture frames, and window shades 
 in all varieties, and a large variety of 
 opaque shading of both American and 
 foreign make, fringes, cords, tassels, pul- 
 leys, and all kind of shade fixtures. This 
 house takes special contracts in decorating 
 houses in every manner. Mr. Moore is 
 the agent in Washington for the celebra- 
 ted "Lincustra Walton," a decorative 
 material for walls, ceilings, furniture, 
 mouldings, panels, chimney-pieces, &c. 
 In this city the following houses have 
 been decorated with this material, giving 
 great satisfaction : Wm. M. Gait's, Stil- 
 son Hutchins', Lieut. Wise's, and the of- 
 fice of Hancock, Hay & Griswold. Mr. 
 
 Moore is a stockholder in the manufac- 
 ture of Lincustra Walton, the manufac- 
 tory being situated in Stamfoi'd, Connec- 
 ticut, and has a capital of $450,000. 
 Mr. Moore is a native of Washington, 
 about 35 years of age, a thorough and 
 practical man in his line of business. 
 
 GEORGE SHILLING, 
 Manufacturer of Surveying & Astrono- 
 mical Instruments, 113 B. st. S. E. 
 
 Mr. Shilling oc- 
 cupies a promi- 
 nent position in 
 his line of trade. 
 The business was 
 established in '82, 
 and consists of the 
 manufacture o f 
 surveying and as- 
 tronomical instru- 
 ments, and the 
 careful repairing 
 and adjusting of 
 the same. Mr. 
 Shilling was born 
 and educated in Norway, and came 
 to this country in the year 1867. He 
 has had an experience of twenty-three 
 years in the business, and understands it 
 thoroughly, having been employed in the 
 principal shops of this country, as well 
 as those of Europe. The business is prin- 
 cipally in the District, but extends to 
 many parts of the country. Mr. Shilling 
 does a large amount of work for the 
 United States Government, especially the 
 United States geological survey, and has 
 a large number of testimonials alluding 
 to the superiority of the instruments 
 manufactured by him. 
 
 JOHN E. BEALL, 
 
 Commissioner of Deeds for Every State 
 
 and Territory, Notary Public, and TJ. S. 
 
 Commissioner, 1411 F street. 
 
 The gentleman who heads this article 
 is well known in his profession in this city. 
 He studied law with the late firm of 
 Hughes, Denver & Peck, of this city, 
 and also graduated in law at the Na- 
 tional University Law School, and was 
 admitted to the bar upon motion of the 
 late lamented Thomas J. Durant. Mr. 
 Beall has been identified with the Wash- 
 ington Brick Machine Company as its 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 195 
 
 cashier and acting treasurer for over seven 
 years, and is now the cashier of the bank- 
 ing house of Bateman & Co., 1411 F st. 
 Mr. Beall several years ago was appointed 
 a notary public by the President ; a com- 
 missioner by the United States Court of 
 Claims ; United States commissioner and 
 examiner in chancery by the supreme 
 court of the District of Columbia ; and a 
 commissioner of deeds by the Governor 
 of every State and Territory in the Union. 
 Mr. Beall is a native of Maryland, and 
 was educated in Washington. 
 
 GEORGE T. JACOBS, 
 
 Model Maker in "Wood or Metal, Rooms 
 
 50 to 53 Federal Building. 
 
 It often happens that we see persons 
 who appear to have been guided by some 
 infallible judgment to the very profession 
 or calling for which they are by nature 
 best fitted. Such we have no hesitation 
 in saying is the case with Mr. Geo. T. 
 Jacobs, model maker and machinist, 
 whose business is located at 527 Seventh 
 and 632 F streets N. W. The location 
 is most convenient, at the corner of our 
 two leading thoroughfares, and the prem- 
 ises, which are ample, give all the room 
 required for the large and rapidly grow- 
 ing business. From three to four skilled 
 workmen are employed, who are kept 
 constantly active. The special character 
 of the work is making models for inven- 
 tions, and certified duplicates of Patent 
 Office models for all purposes. Mr. 
 Jacobs engages in his labors with every 
 facility about him for rapid and thorough 
 workmanship, and enjoys a reputation 
 for superior skill and method. He was 
 born in this city in 1845, received the 
 benefits of a sound education here, and 
 started out for himself in 1878, in the 
 prosecution of his present calling. 
 
 L. HOFFMANN, 
 Boot & Shoe Maker, 507 11th st. N.W. 
 
 For good, strong, and substantial work 
 in the shoe-making line no better place 
 can be found in the District than Mr. L. 
 Hoffman's, at 507 11th street N.W. For 
 repairing and hand-made work, of which 
 a specialty is made, he has all facilities, 
 while his assistants are skillful in their 
 business. Mr. Hoffmann's business is 
 principally confined to this city, though 
 
 he fills orders from various parts of the 
 country, his many patrons being scattered 
 near and far, as once acquainted with the 
 style of his work one remains a customer. 
 He was born in Germany in 1842, and, 
 after receiving a thorough school and bus- 
 iness education, came to this country in 
 1865. Beginning to work at his trade, 
 he soon established his business for him- 
 self, increasing his custom from year to 
 year. The satisfactory standard of his 
 work is apparent from the frequent orders 
 received from various cities, where his old 
 customers have had reason to remember 
 his substantial work and renew their 
 orders. 
 
 ALEXANDER DAVIDSON, 
 
 Manufacturer and Dealer in Carriages, 
 
 630 G street N. W. 
 
 Among our important manufacturing 
 and commercial enterprises is the carriage 
 factory of Alexander Davidson. The 
 business was established in 1868, at the 
 premises now occupied, at 630 G street, 
 which are 25 x 120 feet in dimensions. 
 The manufacture of all kinds of convey- 
 ances is carried on, and from 8 to 10 
 hands are constantly employed. A speci- 
 alty is made of fine work, and a large 
 stock of his own manufactured carriages, 
 selected with care, can be found on hand 
 at all times, special attention being given 
 to repairing of fine carriages, trimming, 
 and painting. Mr. Davidson has had an 
 experience of 30 years in this business, 
 which enables him to guarantee satisfac- 
 tion in every branch of his business. He 
 was educated and learned his trade in 
 New York, and came to Washington in 
 1865. The business was commenced in a 
 small way, and has gradually increased 
 to its present proportions, being now one 
 of the most prominent and standard en- 
 terprises of Washington City. 
 
 EDWARD KOSACK, 
 
 Manufacturer of Jewett's Patent Leg, 
 
 521 10th st., bet. E and F. 
 
 It is only within a comparatively few 
 years that the manufacture of artificial 
 limbs upon scientific principles has be- 
 come a prominent industry in this country 
 or Europe. The natural sequence of the 
 late war of the rebellion was an immense 
 number of maimed and crippled veter- 
 
196 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 ans scattered throughout every section of 
 the country, while the various mechanical 
 devices for labor-saving machinery in 
 every department of industry, and the 
 frequent accidents on railroads, in facto- 
 ries, and on farms, through carelessness or 
 unavoidable causes, has largely increased 
 the number of those who have suffered 
 the amputation of an arm or leg. The 
 inventor of perfectly-constructed limbs, 
 such as are manufactured by Edward 
 Kosack, at 521 10th street, should be 
 entitled to favorable recognition. This 
 business was established by Mr. Kosack 
 in 1865, and occupies premises 18 x 30 
 feet in dimensions. The Jewett patent 
 for artificial limbs is used in the manu- 
 facture, and are of the most approved 
 pattern, combining strength, lightness, 
 and perfect finish. Mr. Kosack was born 
 and educated in Germany, and came to 
 America in 1857. With an experience 
 of twenty years in the business he has 
 established a reputation and a trade un- 
 excelled by any in the same line, and has 
 secured as the result of his labors and 
 experience a large business in this line of 
 trade. 
 
 C. T. BOWEN, 
 
 House, sign, and Ornamental Painter & 
 
 Glazier, 604 10th street. 
 
 The well-known painter, Mr. C. T. 
 Bowen, of No. 604 10th street N. W., 
 has done much to beautify and add to the 
 general cleanly appearance of the city, 
 as well as for the adornment of the busi- 
 ness houses with elegant signs, which are 
 veritable works of art. Mr. Bowen es- 
 tablished himself in business in this city in 
 1863, on Louisiana ave., and at his pre- 
 sent location during the present year. 
 The premises now occupied are about 20 
 x 20 feet in dimensions, and in his busi- 
 ness he gives employment to from 5 to 15 
 workmen skilled in their art. House, 
 sign, decorative, and ornamental painting 
 and frescoing, are the leading branches of 
 the business, although every branch is 
 carried on. Mr. Bowen has done much 
 work for the Government in the Interior 
 Department, where he held contracts for 
 10 years, also contracted for the painting 
 of the Patent Office after the fire and 
 gave the best of satisfaction. Mr. Bowen 
 was born and educated in Maryland, and 
 
 is about 50 years of age, and being one 
 of the oldest and best in the city has held 
 a fine trade, which is increasing rapidly. 
 His future operations promise to be of 
 a substantial kind, which he has attained 
 by his business ability and honorable con- 
 duct in all branches of his business. 
 
 C. L. WOOD, 
 
 Groceries and Provisions, corner 6th & 
 
 O streets. 
 
 The reliable house of C. L. Wood, 
 dealer in groceries and provisions, is 
 located at the corner of 6th and O streets. 
 This business was established about six 
 years ago by the present proprietor, and 
 has since the date of its foundation ranked 
 among the foremost in his line in the city. 
 The store occupies premises 30 x 40 feet 
 in dimensions, and well arranged to dis- 
 play the stock and conduct the business. 
 Employment is given to one assistant 
 well acquainted with all branches of the 
 business. Fine family groceries, provi- 
 sions, teas, coffees, cigars, tobaccos, and 
 the best brands of wines and liquors can 
 be constantly found in stock. Mr. Wood 
 was born and educated in the District, 
 and is a thorough business man, under- 
 standing the grocery trade practically, 
 and fully merits the endorsement of the 
 public in its patronage now, and his sub- 
 stantial prospects for the future. 
 
 SWISS DAIRY, 
 E. Wagner, Proprietor, 403 East Capi- 
 tol street. 
 
 The high reputation and long standing 
 of the Swiss Dairy, Mrs. E. Wagner pro- 
 prietor, and located at 403 East Capitol 
 street, makes it a leading representative 
 in this branch. This dairy was estab- 
 lished about seven years ago, and from 
 the very date of its foundation it has had 
 the fullest confidence of the public. It is 
 a leading and specific effort of all con- 
 cerned in its management that the most 
 perfect care is employed for securing the 
 cleanliness of all the utensils used in hand- 
 ling the milk. Employment is given to 
 from 5 to 7 men, and five wagons are 
 constantly in use delivering milk to the 
 numerous patrons of the dairy in all parts 
 of the city. The milk is bought from 
 the dairy farms of Maryland and Vir- 
 ginia, and at every station on every rail- 
 
WASHINGTON CITY, 
 
 197 
 
 road leading into the city milk is bought 
 and shipped by rail daily to their main 
 office at the above number. The sale of 
 milk daily is from 300 to 600 gallons. 
 Mrs. Wagner, the proprietress, is a native 
 of Washington, and one whose whole life 
 has been identified and actively associ- 
 ated with the growth and development of 
 the city. Throughout every branch of 
 her business the utmost care is observed, 
 and the smallest patron enjoys the same 
 advantage as the largest. 
 
 A. RICHARDS & CO., 
 Brick Manufacturers, No. 25 N st. S. E. 
 
 This establishment was founded in 1848 
 by the senior member of the present firm, 
 and occupies three squares of ground, 
 giving employment to from 50 to 100 
 workmen. The proprietors are practical 
 brick-makers, and make use of the most 
 improved method of shaping, drying, and 
 burning bricks. Besides the manual 
 labor their steam power is equal to 80 
 horse, and three engines are used. The 
 bulk of the burnt bricks here produced, 
 which consists of all kinds of moulded 
 and pressed bricks, is disposed of in the 
 city and the surrounding country, and are 
 of excellent quality, and not surpassed by 
 any make. The individual members of 
 the firm are A. & W. A. Richards. The 
 senior member, Mr. A. Richards, was born 
 in Alexandria Va., and educated in Wash- 
 ington, and is about 60 years of age. Mr. 
 W. A. Richards was born and educated 
 in Washington, and is 28 years of age. 
 The firm is favorably known as a reliable 
 business house and manufacturers whose 
 success in trade has been well and fairly 
 earned. 
 
 DR. THOS. G. LOOCKERMAN, 
 
 Surgeon Dentist. Office and Residence, 
 
 3226 N st. 
 
 The progressive spirit of the age, with 
 science and inventive genius, has greatly 
 changed the modes of dentistry during 
 late years. Among the dentists of this 
 day who have practiced during this tran- 
 sitory period is Dr. Thos. G. Loocker- 
 man, surgeon dentist, at 3226 N street. 
 Dr. Loockerman commenced the practice 
 of dentistry in 1844, and is a graduate of 
 that world-famed institution, the Balti- 
 more College of Dental Surgery. His 
 
 office is located at his residence at the 
 above number, where he has handsome 
 parlors and operating rooms. Dr. Loock- 
 ermann was born in Maryland and edu- 
 cated at the Asbury College, Baltimore, 
 and came to Washington in 1870. The 
 dental and medical fraternity are in- 
 debted to him for placing dentistry on 
 the high ground it now occupies as a pro- 
 fession by causing it to be recognized as 
 a learned profession by the medical pro- 
 fession, which occurred in 1845. Dr. 
 Loockerman was connected with the 
 Kentucky School of Medicine as profes- 
 sor of practical dentistry for some years, 
 and the first successful case of artificial 
 palate was made by him in 1845 in Balti- 
 more for a Captain Barron. The doctor 
 is very enthusiastic over the progress and 
 future capabilities of his profession, which 
 he hopes to see put on a yet higher plane 
 among the professions. 
 
 THE ORIGINAL LONDON MISFIT 
 
 STORE, 
 912 F street, opposite Masonic Temple. 
 
 The Original London Misfit Store was 
 established in Washington city during 
 the month of March, 1883, by its present 
 proprietor, Mr. Harry Friedlander. In 
 this house a specialty is made of the sale 
 of first-class ready-made clothing at low- 
 est prices. All-wool suits can be pur- 
 chased as low as six dollars ; custom 
 made suits for eight and nine, and child- 
 ren's suits for two dollars. Through the 
 many business relations of the proprietor, 
 who is always on the alert at commercial 
 sales, the house is enabled to handle goods 
 at these prices. Mr. Friedlander is a 
 native of New York city, where he was 
 born in 1857. Although Mr. Friedlander 
 only opened his store in 1883, yet the es- 
 tablishment he has founded has already 
 taken a leading position in the clothing 
 trade. 
 
 WM. FISCHER, 
 
 Instrument Maker, No. 3 Colonization 
 Building, 118 4^ st. N. W. 
 
 In the wide range of industrial pursuits 
 there is none more interesting than that 
 of the model and instrument maker. Mr. 
 Wm. Fischer, of 118 4i street N.W., is a 
 prominent man in this industry, and es- 
 tablished his business in 1874, coming to 
 
198 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 his present location in 1883. The premi- 
 ses occupied are ample in dimensions, and 
 are pleasantly located for the carrying on 
 of his business. The instrument-making 
 industry requires a most thorough me- 
 chanic, and such is the proprietor of this 
 establishment. All kinds of instruments 
 and models are made, such as electric 
 apparatus, working models, casting pat- 
 terns, &c. Batteries, wires, ivory, plati- 
 num, and fine woods, such as cocoa, 
 ebony, and box-wood, are always on hand. 
 Mr. Fischer was born in Austria in 1833, 
 and was there educated, and came to 
 America in 1852 and to Washington in 
 1873, since which time he has succeeded 
 in building up a trade connection which 
 will bear favorable comparison with that 
 of any kindred house in the city of Wash- 
 ington. 
 
 ANDREW WALL, 
 Insurance Agent, 494 Louisiana Ave. 
 Mr. Andrew Wall is one of the well 
 known men in the insurance business in 
 the city of Washington, although he has 
 only been established here for a period of 
 four years. His office is located at the 
 above number, a busy thoroughfare of 
 the Capital, and gives employment to six 
 assistants. The company represented by 
 Mr. Wall is the Metropolitan Life Insur- 
 ance Company of New York. This com- 
 pany is conducted on the industrial plan, 
 and is the leading company of the kind 
 in America. It costs five cents per week 
 and upwards. No initiation fee is charged. 
 No increase of payments. Dues are col- 
 lected weekly at the houses of the mem- 
 bers. All ages from one year to seventy 
 are taken. Benefits payable promptly 
 at death. Males and females taken at 
 the same cost. The company has been 
 such a success that the membership Jan- 
 uary 1st, 1884, was 526,042, and this vast 
 number is increasing weekly, and the re- 
 markable statement can be made that 
 $142 of security stands for every $1.00 of 
 liability in this company. Fifty to sixty 
 claims per day have been paid, and in 
 ninety-nine cases out of a hundred the 
 benefits go to those who haven't another 
 dollar in the world. Over a million dol- 
 lars in cash paid to policy holders in one 
 year. This is a remarkable showing for 
 the company. Explanatory circulars with 
 
 tables of rates and full explanation will 
 be forwarded to any address upon appli- 
 cation to Mr. Andrew Wall. Mr. Wall 
 was born and educated in England and 
 was there connected with the Prudental 
 Insurance Company for a great many 
 years. He has been a resident of Wash- 
 ington four years, during all of which 
 time he has represented the Metropolitan, 
 and in that time has added to his com- 
 pany's policy holders over 15,000 mem- 
 bers in this city alone, a success that is 
 eminently flattering to himself and the 
 company he represents. 
 
 C. P. McCULLEN, 
 
 Groceries and Provisions, corner 9th and 
 
 R streets northwest. 
 
 Among the recent additions to the com- 
 mercial and industrial pursuits of this 
 city is that of C. P. McCullen, located at 
 the corner of 9th and R streets N. W. 
 This business was established by Mr. 
 McCullen in the early part of the present 
 year, and it has already assumed the pro- 
 portions and business of many of the 
 older houses in that location. The prem- 
 ises occupied are about 30 x 50 feet in 
 dimensions, and well arranged for the dis- 
 play of stock and properly conducting the 
 business. Employment is given to two • 
 assistants, who thoroughly understand the 
 business in all particulars, and a fine stock 
 of groceries, provisions, fresh meats, and 
 everything pertaining to a business of this 
 kind can always be found. Mr. McCullen 
 was born and educated in Wisconsin, and 
 came to Washington about two years ago. 
 He is a thorough and practical man of 
 business, full of energy and enterprise, 
 and with his business tact will soon place 
 his enterprise on the high road to a greater 
 success. 
 
 ROBERT C. ARMSTRONG, 
 
 Mechanical Engineer, southwest cor. 
 
 10th and I streets N. W. 
 
 Such establishments as that of Robert 
 C. Armstrong occupies at all times a posi- 
 tion which must entitle it to liberal men- 
 tion. The business was established in 
 1881, and occupies premises 12 x 30 feet, 
 and gives employment to four workmen. 
 The business consists of the manufacture 
 of sheet-iron ware, tin-ware, ice boxes, and 
 contracting for roofing and spouting work, 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 199 
 
 as well as inside work of all kinds, beside 
 repairing and jobbing, which are promptly 
 attended to. A stock of stoves, ranges, 
 and latrobes are always kept on hand, and 
 old stoves are bought and sold, or taken 
 in exchange. Mr. Armstrong was born 
 and educated in Alexandria, Va., and is 
 about 54 years of age. Since coming to 
 Washington, five years ago, to carry on 
 his business, he has, by his energy, taken 
 a front rank and enjoys an extended busi- 
 ness acquaintance throughout the city. 
 
 HOPKINS BROS., 
 
 Books, Souvenirs, American and For 
 
 eign Views, &c, 209 Penn. Ave. 
 
 On their way to the Capitol building 
 visitors will be attracted by the bright 
 flags of various nations displayed at No. 
 209 Pennsylvania Avenue. This estab- 
 lishment has lately been opened by the 
 Messrs. Hopkins Brothers of New York, 
 and their purpose is to supply superior 
 photographs of all the public buildings 
 and places of general interest in Wash- 
 ington, and of eminent men and women. 
 Maps and guide books of the city and 
 general literature, as well as souvenirs 
 and presents, so appropriate to take home 
 to those who have not yet seen Washing- 
 ton. Polite attention to every one is the 
 rule, and all are at once impressed with 
 the marked consideration shown them 
 and the entire freedom from any feeling 
 of restraint. 
 
 IRON-CLAD PAINT COMPANY, 
 
 "William F. Holton, Local Manager, 711 
 
 G street N. W. 
 
 This house was established in 1877 by 
 Mr. W. F. Holton as a wholesale and 
 retail establishment for the sale of the 
 iron-clad paint. Mr. Holton manufac- 
 tures iron-clad paint from the purest 
 Lake Superior iron ores. It is really a 
 mineral paint, being 100 per cent, of 
 pure iron ore. This standard paint re- 
 sists all atmospheric changes which prove 
 so destructive to other mineral paints (so 
 called), and forms a coating impervious 
 to moisture, whether applied to metal, 
 wood, brick, or stone. Owing to its 
 toughness and elasticity it does not chalk, 
 crack, or peel off. As a roofing paint 
 and for damp walls it has no equal. This 
 is asserted from an experience of over 
 
 seventeen years. It also forms a coat that 
 withstands expansion or contraction from 
 heat or cold, and by its application, and 
 at comparatively small cost, old roofs, 
 condemned by tinners as unworthy of 
 further repairs, are renewed. Walls con- 
 tinuously damp for years, when painted 
 with common paint, are made thoroughly 
 dry by application of iron-clad paint. 
 " Preservation or restoration is true econ- 
 omy," is the motto of Mr. Holton. Mr. 
 Holton was born and educated in New 
 Hampshire, and has lived for twenty 
 years in Washington. 
 
 WM. W. GODDARD, 
 Bricklayer, Furnace, Range, Grate Set- 
 ting, &c, 914 10th street N. W. 
 
 Prominent among those engaged in this 
 special branch is Mr. W. W. Goddard, 
 who is largely engaged in bricklaying, in 
 connection with the setting of furnaces, 
 ranges, grates, &c. He has every appli- 
 ance and apparatus of the most approved 
 construction for the carrying on of his 
 extensive business. The business was 
 started by Mr. Goddard about 22 years 
 ago, after having served an apprenticeship 
 with the well known firm of Chas. G. Ball. 
 He gives employment at different times, as 
 the contracts require, to from 3 to 10 
 workmen. Bricklaying, furnace work, 
 etc., of all kinds are specialties, and all 
 contracts in this line are faithfully exe- 
 cuted and carried out to the letter. Mr. 
 Goddard was born and educated in Wash- 
 ington, and is about 46 years of age, and 
 since entering into business on his own 
 account has enjoyed a large share of pub- 
 lic patronage. 
 
 WM. H. BOYD, 
 Boyd's Directories, 810 F street N. W. 
 This veteran in the directory publish- 
 ing business is one of its oldest represen- 
 tatives in the United States. His direc- 
 tory offices are located, in Washington at 
 810 F street N.W. ; in Philadelphia at 
 831 Arch street ; in Jersey City at 259 
 Washington street ; Syracuse, N. Y., at 
 140 E. Fayette street ; and Pottsville, 
 Pa., at 506 W. Norwegian street. From 
 those offices are issued his standard di- 
 rectories of over thirty cities. William 
 H. Boyd is the manager for the publica- 
 tion of Washington, Philadelphia, and 
 
200 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY, 
 
 Jersey City, while the Syracuse office is 
 under the care of Mr. Andrew Boyd, and 
 Pottsville is issued by Mr. W. Harry 
 Boyd. The directories published by this 
 house have long been known as the most 
 accurate and reliable, no pains or ex- 
 pense being spared to make them complete 
 and authentic in every department. Di- 
 rectories for any city or state will be fur- 
 nished on application at any one of their 
 offices. 
 
 CAMMACK BROS., 
 
 Florists, Seventh street road, near 
 
 Soldiers' Home. 
 
 Perhaps the oldest house in the District 
 in the business of floriculture is that of 
 the Cammack Bros., located as above, 
 the business having been established by 
 the father of the present firm over half a 
 century ago. The business was started on 
 a capital which consisted of a thorough 
 knowledge of the business, but little by 
 little it has increased, until to-day it stands 
 at the head of the business in the District. 
 The nurseries and greenhouses on the 7th 
 street road are thoroughly equipped with 
 every facility for the proper growing of 
 all kinds of trees, shrubs, and flowers, a 
 corps of efficient and able assistants is 
 constantly employed, and a specialty is 
 made of fine flowers of all descriptions. 
 The proprietors, Messrs. John and Edward 
 Cammack, are natives of Washington, 
 and are, perhaps, the best known of all 
 the florists in the city, and are ranked 
 among the solid business men of Wash- 
 ington. Since the business passed into 
 the hands of the sons it has, by judicious 
 management, been kept up to its original 
 high standard, and the trade has consider- 
 ably increased ; a success which has been 
 fairly earned by the business enterprise 
 and high principles of integrity which 
 characterizes their business. 
 
 JACOB GERMEROTH, 
 
 Cabinet Maker. Manufacturer of all 
 
 kinds of Furniture, 1027 7th st. N.W. 
 
 Whether an intending purchaser may 
 require a large or small quantity of goods 
 in this line, in any of the various styles, 
 designs, or patterns, they would do well 
 to call on Jacob Germeroth, cabinet 
 maker, 1027 7th street. This business 
 was established 1804, and occupies premi- 
 
 ses 30 x 120 feet in dimensions, and gives 
 employment to ten workmen. All the 
 conveniences and facilities are had for 
 making all kinds of furniture, such as 
 hat-racks, stools, rockers, bedsteads, sofas, 
 lounges, parlor and chamber suits, tables, 
 what-nots, and chair, a specialty being 
 made of Vienna chairs, and can always 
 be found on hand. Furniture of modern 
 design and artistic finish can always be 
 found, in stock or manufactured to order, 
 in any design or pattern wanted, special 
 attention being given to repairing. Mr. 
 Germeroth was born in Germany in 1844, 
 and was there educated, and came to this 
 country and city in 1864, since which 
 time he has devoted his time and energies 
 to the development of this industry, 
 which now occupies a front rank in the 
 mercantile interests of the city. 
 
 DANIEL LUTHER & SON, 
 
 Sign, House, and Ornamental Painters 
 
 and Glaziers, 1218 E street N. W. 
 
 Among the foremost of the painters and 
 glaziers of Washington stands Daniel 
 Luther & Son, whose business is located 
 at No. 1218 G street N. W. Mr. Luther 
 established his business in 1878 at 454 
 New York avenue, where he remained 
 until the present year, when he removed 
 to the present location. He employs from 
 15 to 20 hands, as the business requires, 
 and a fine stock of paints can always be 
 found at his establishment. Mr. Luther 
 is a native of Washington, about 50 years 
 of age, and has been a practical painter 
 for 30 years. He lately associated with 
 him in business his son, Charles Luther, a 
 young and practical man, 24 years of age. 
 This firm undertake all kinds of sign, 
 house, and ornamental painting and glaz- 
 ing, and among some of the more notable 
 contracts are the residences of J. P. Blair, 
 H. N. Hutchinson, the Presidential Man- 
 sion twice, and the Navy Department. 
 
 T. GANNON, 
 
 Groceries and Provisions, Corner 17th 
 
 street and Massachusetts ave. 
 
 The grocery and provision business is 
 of leading importance in the city of Wash- 
 ington, and is annually increasing in mag- 
 nitude. Among the oldest and most reli- 
 able business houses of this kind in the city 
 is that of Mr. T. Gannon, located at the 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 201 
 
 corner of Massachusetts avenue and 1 7th 
 street. This business dates its inception 
 from 1872, when it was founded by the 
 present proprietor, and almost from the 
 start it was a prime favorite with the pub- 
 lic, owing to its location and fine stock of 
 goods. The store occupies premises well 
 adapted to the business, and is well ar- 
 ranged for displaying the stock, being 
 about 20 x 60 feet in dimensions. Em- 
 ployment is given to two assistants who 
 understand the business in all its branches, 
 and who are polite and attentive to all 
 patrons. Fine family groceries, provis- 
 ions, teas, coffees, and the best brands of 
 wines and liquors are to be found in stock, 
 as well as all other goods pertaining to 
 this business. Mr. Gannon was born and 
 educated in Ireland, and has been a resi- 
 dent of Washington about 18 years. 
 
 JACOB VEIHMEYER, 
 
 Marble, Granite, and Brown Stone 
 Works, 1420 Ohio avenue. 
 
 In the above field of industry Wash- 
 ington has within its limits some of the 
 best representatives in the country. Jacob 
 Veihmeyer, located on the corner of C 
 and 14th streets, south of Pennsylvania 
 avenue, has one of the most extensive of 
 its class in the city. Mr. Veihmeyer is a 
 native of Baltimore, and about 60 years 
 of age, but has been a resident of Wash- 
 ington for 40 years. He established his 
 business in 1853 at 14th and C, removing 
 to his present location in 1881, having 
 ground covering 12,000 square feet, and a 
 building 36 x 50, and employing 25 hands, 
 using for power a 12-horse power steam 
 engine. He is ably assisted in his con- 
 tracts and business by his sons, who are 
 thorough and practical workmen, all be- 
 ing natives of Washington. Mr. Veih- 
 meyer makes a specialty of building stone 
 and contract work, and is prepared to 
 furnish all kinds of stone and marble. 
 The high character of the gentleman is 
 sufficient to satisfy all purchasers that his 
 wyrk is as good as represented. 
 
 E. M. McCOMAS, 
 
 Pharmacist, 14th and L streets N. W. 
 
 Mr. McComas was born in Hagerstown, 
 
 Md., from whence he went to Baltimore, 
 
 and served as clerk in the well-known 
 
 drug store of J. F. Perkins & Brother, at 
 
 Franklin and Greene streets. He has 
 been a resident of Washington city for 
 twelve years, and previous to starting 
 business for himself was with the late 
 W. B. Entwisle, on Pennsylvania avenue, 
 for six years. Mr. McComas has been at 
 his present location since the 9th of 
 March, 1878. He carries a stock of 
 drugs, chemicals, toilet and fancy goods, 
 &c, equal if not superior to any in the 
 city. The business is confined prin- 
 cipally to chemical operations and the 
 compounding of physicians' prescriptions. 
 Mr. McComas prepares a rheumatic spe- 
 cific, for which he has a large sale as a 
 standard household remedy. He com- 
 menced business in a small way in a 
 locality of the city which has wonderfully 
 improved within the past fifteen years. 
 He has three assistants skilled in the 
 manipulation of drugs and chemicals. 
 
 CENTRAL PHARMACY, 
 Bodemer, 805 Seventh street N. W. 
 Mr. Bodemer has been in the drug 
 business in Washington since 1865, and 
 at his present location since 1880. He is 
 well known as one of the older druggists 
 in the city. Mr. Bodemer does a quiet 
 business, and has a permanent class of 
 customers. He has two proprietary prep- 
 arations, viz : horse and cattle powders 
 and alkaline aperient, both of which are 
 sold to a considerable extent in and out 
 of the District. He has a large and well 
 selected stock of drugs and chemicals, 
 fancy goods, toilet articles, and many 
 other essentials to a well conducted drug 
 establishment. He is a practical business 
 man, and his experience and judgment in 
 all matters relating to pharmacy is widely 
 and favorably known to his patrons and 
 others. 
 
 FRANZ F. FRIEDRICH, 
 
 Engraver and Manufacturing Jeweler, 
 520 10th street, bet. E and F, N. W. 
 
 Among the industrial arts of the United 
 States that which has reached the greatest 
 state of perfection is, perhaps, that of the 
 engraver and designer. This could al- 
 most be called peculiarly an American 
 art, as here it is to be seen in its greatest 
 perfection. Among those in the front 
 rank in this industrial art in the city of 
 Washington is Mr. F. F. Friedrich at 
 
202 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 520 10th street. This business was estab- 
 lished in 1882, and occupies premises 20 x 
 20 feet, and keeps two men busy. En- 
 graving and designing on watches and 
 jewelry, artistic monograms, and the 
 manufacture of jewelry are specialties of 
 this house. Mr. Friedrich is an efficient 
 artist in his line, and has all the work he 
 can do, as well as a growing demand for 
 his productions. He takes pride in doing 
 fine, artistic work, his designs, monograms 
 and jewelry having a wide reputation for 
 excellence and fine execution. Mr. Fried- 
 rich was born and educated in Germany, 
 and learned his art in Italy ; is 27 years 
 of age, and has been a resident of this 
 city four years. 
 
 M. C. FLANNERY, 
 Marble Shop, 825 7th st. 
 Among the firms engaged in this line 
 of business Mr. Flanuery stauds among 
 the foremost. The business was estab- 
 lished at this number in 1880, although 
 Mr. Flannery has been engaged in the 
 business in this city for a great many 
 years. He manufactures every variety of 
 monumental and cemetery work, employ- 
 ing two skilled workmen to assist him. 
 The premises occupied are 22 x 100 feet 
 in dimensions and are centrally located. 
 The polishing, cutting, and lettering are 
 all done at the shop, the finest grade of 
 granite and marble being used. Mr. 
 Flannery is a business man of the strict- 
 est integrity, combining practical knowl- 
 edge of all branches of the business with 
 executive ability of a high order ; and the 
 facilities enjoyed by him for the expedi- 
 tious and thorough execution of all work 
 confided to him are not surpassed by those 
 of any other establishment in the city. 
 
 LEVI CURRY, 
 
 Cabinet Maker, 4J st. and Maryland 
 
 avenue, S.W. 
 
 This gentleman has represented this 
 branch of industry since 1873, when he 
 commenced business in a small way at 
 630 M street N.W., occupying a building 
 only 11 x 15 feet in dimensions. This 
 location soon proved too small and he 
 moved to 410 M street N.W. ; subsequent- 
 ly removing to 417 Tenth street N.W., 
 and finally to his present place, in 1881, 
 where he occupies grounds 100 x 100 feet 
 
 in dimensions, with a mill and factory 40 
 x 100 feet in dimensions and three stories 
 high, the first and second floors being 
 used for engine, machinery, and office; 
 the third floor is used for the cabinet man- 
 ufacturing rooms, a 30-horse power engine 
 being used to propel the machinery, and 
 from 30 to 50 hands are employed. The 
 factory affords ample accommodations for 
 the manufacture of mantels and hard- 
 wood work in all its branches ; and all 
 the newest designs in mantels, office de- 
 signs, parlor, chamber, and dining-room 
 furniture is manufactured. Mr. Curry 
 is a native of Pennsylvania, and was edu- 
 cated and learned his trade in his native 
 State. On the breaking out of the rebel- 
 lion he entered the service and was as-' 
 signed to the quartermaster's department 
 as a carpenter ; after one year's service 
 there he went to the Treasury Depart- 
 ment, remaining there for a period of 
 seven years, withdrawing to establish this 
 business above noted, which is one of the 
 most popular in the city. 
 
 RICHARD GASCH, 
 
 Practical Gun and Locksmith, &c, 914 
 
 Ninth st. N. W., bet. I and N. Y. ave. 
 
 Among the various industrial enter- 
 prises of Washington there is none which 
 is conducted with more ability than that 
 of Richard Gasch, practical gun and 
 locksmith and bellhanger, at 914 9th st. 
 N. W. This business was established in 
 1876, and occupies premises ample 
 in dimensions, and gives steady employ- 
 ment to two first-class workmen", gun and 
 locksmithing and bellhanging being the 
 main business of the establishment; all 
 kinds of iron safes and other secure locks 
 are promptly repaired, and bell hanging 
 done on short notice. Also makes rail- 
 ing, grating, and awning-frames of every 
 description. The trade is principally 
 local, although it frequently extends to 
 distant points in the District. 
 
 Mr. Gasch was born and educated in 
 Germany, and is about 40 years of age. 
 He came to America and Washington in 
 1865. He has a nice location and prem- 
 ises adapted to his business, and during 
 the time he has been established in busi- 
 ness has exhibited a degree of energy, 
 which has entitled him to the leading 
 position he has obtained in this industry. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 203 
 
 GEO. J. SMITH, 
 Shoemaker, 522 10th street. 
 
 Among the many boot and shoemakers 
 of prominence in the city of Washington 
 none enjoy the confidence of the public to 
 a greater degree than does Mr. Geo. J. 
 Smith, located at 522 10th street. This 
 business has been established three years, 
 and from Mr. Smith's long experience, 
 being a practical workman and judge of 
 leather, he has succeeded in securing a 
 large and growing patronage. The prem- 
 ises occupied are well arranged and suit- 
 ably located, being in the business centre 
 of the city. Employment is given to two 
 thorough and practical workmen in this 
 line, who endeavor, with their employer, 
 to give satisfaction to all. Fine and heavy 
 boots and shoes are made to order from 
 the best materials, children's and ladies' 
 wear being also made. Repairing is made 
 a specialty. Mr. Smith was born in Prus- 
 sia and came to Baltimore thirty-five years 
 ago, and there received his education, com- 
 ing to Washington about three years ago. 
 
 W. B. STOOPS, 
 
 Practical Sign Painter, No. 318 Eighth 
 
 street N. W. 
 
 Mr. Stoops is a young man of splendid 
 business and artistic capacity, and when 
 he established his business, in 1875, there 
 was not wanting many friends who placed 
 every confidence in his success, and their 
 confidence has not been misplaced. The 
 premises occupied by him are 15 x 67 feet 
 in dimensions, and employment is given 
 to from 6 to 8 first-class workmen. A 
 specialty is made of sign, ornamental, and 
 decorative painting, lettering in all styles 
 is also done, and contracts for signs and 
 artistic painting generally are taken. Mr. 
 Stoops has done many notable jobs in the 
 way of artistic painting and decorating, 
 among which we mention the gilding of 
 the White House and Post Office Depart- 
 ment. His business amounts to over 
 $£,000 yearly, and is increasing in a sub- 
 stantial and satisfactory manner each 
 year. Mr. Stoops is also a fine artist in 
 portrait and oil painting, and should he 
 devote himself entirely to this branch of 
 the profession, would soon take a front 
 rank among those of this high branch of 
 the art. He was born in Georgetown, and 
 shortly afterwards moved to the North- 
 
 west, and was educated in Chicago and 
 Wisconsin, returning to Washington and 
 the District in 1865, since which time he 
 has made it his home. The superior merit 
 of his work has had much to do with his 
 success, but it is also largely due to the 
 popularity and enterprise of Mr. Stoops 
 that he has gained such a foothold, and it 
 requires no prophet to foretell that his 
 business will remain in the lead in this 
 art. 
 
 P. G. RILEY,* 
 
 Dealer in Tin-ware, Stoves, Mantels- 
 Ac, 609 12th st. N.W. 
 
 This industrial establishment is of com- 
 paratively recent date, having been found- 
 ed in 1883. The business was started in 
 a moderate manner, and occupies prem- 
 ises 18 x 40, and gives employment to two 
 workmen. The manufacturing comprises 
 plain and fancy tinware, copper and sheet- 
 iron ware, and roofing, as well as work 
 in all branches of the trade. He is 
 also a dealer in stoves, grates, furnaces, 
 and Latrobes. Furnace, range, and La- 
 trobe heating is a specialty of the house. 
 Roofs are repaired and painted, and esti- 
 mates are furnished on all work in their 
 line. Mr. P. G. Riley was born in the 
 State of Virginia in the year 1884, and 
 was there educated, and has been a 
 citizen of Washington for a period of 
 over ten years. This house is rapidly 
 gaining the confidence and support of 
 many patrons, and the natural qualifi- 
 fications for this kind of work, and the 
 persistent attention to the calls of trade 
 which he has already shown, cannot 
 fail to secure for him a large success. 
 
 A. HERMAN, 
 
 Fine Clothier, 738 7th street, corner 
 
 H, N.W. 
 
 The commercial importance of Wash- 
 ington city has grown to large proportions 
 during the past ten or twelve years, and 
 this creditable state of affairs is due in a 
 great measure to the untiring energy and 
 activity of its merchants. Among those 
 known for their enterprise is Mr. Her- 
 man, the clothier, doing business at 738 
 7th street N. W. This house was estab- 
 lished in 1863 near its present location, 
 where its capacious salerooms are now 
 located. An experience of more than 
 
204 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 twenty years, as the head of a flourishing 
 business, has given Mr. Herman an envi- 
 able prominence as a leading clothier, and 
 his complete and judiciously selected stock 
 of ready-made clothing, for men and boys, 
 is second in quality to none in the District. 
 With the clothing department a gent's 
 furnishing department is connected, and 
 here can be found any and every variety 
 of article of the kind, such as fine dress 
 shirts, hosiery, underwear, handkerchiefs, 
 neckwear, etc. Mr. Herman is a native 
 of Germany, from the Grand Duchy of 
 Hesse Darmstadt, and came to this country 
 in early boyhood. 
 
 C. MACNICHOL & SON, 
 
 House, Sign, and Decorative Painters, 
 
 415 10th st. N. W. 
 
 In all the wide range of industrial pur- 
 suits there is not a more interesting occu- 
 pation than that of house, sign, and dec- 
 orative painter. In this connection we 
 mention the house of Mr. C. Macnichol, 
 416 10th street N. W., whose establish- 
 ment in one of the best known and most 
 perfectly equipped of any in the city. 
 This house was established in 1864, and 
 occupies as headquarters premises 15 x 50 
 feet in dimensions, and gives employment 
 to from 5 to 20 workmen, as the contract 
 calls for. The firm has decorated some 
 of the finest mansions in the city, and 
 they are conducting a live business as 
 house and sign painters and decorators, 
 and in all these branches of the art can 
 be fully relied upon. 
 
 Mr. Macnichol was born and educated 
 in Philadelphia, and came to Washington 
 about 25 years ago. Commencing his 
 business in a small way he has seen it 
 gradually increase until it now stands 
 second to none. 
 
 J. A. PLUMLEY, 
 Plaining Mill, 24 D street. 
 One of the best and most liberally pat- 
 ronized plaining mills in Washington is 
 that established by Mr. J. A. Plumlev in 
 1873. The mill *is 50 x 70 feet in size, 
 built of brick, and two stories in height, 
 with ample yard room. A steam engine 
 of 20-horse power is used, also from 8 to 
 10 hands are employed. Mr. Plumley's 
 facilities for the manufacture of all de- 
 scriptions of door frames, window frames, 
 
 sash, door jambs, mantles, and brackets., 
 turning and scroll sawing of every style 
 and description, are ample and complete, 
 and in this branch a very large business 
 is done, feAV, if any, mills in the city be- 
 ing able to produce this class of work with 
 equal dispatch and satisfaction. The pro- 
 ductions of this mill in all its branches 
 are of the highest order, and the business 
 is conducted under the personal super- 
 vision of Mr. Plumley, who is a practical 
 man and a thorough mechanic. He was 
 born in Trenton, New Jersey, and was 
 there educated, coming to this city 20 
 years ago. Since he has been proprietor 
 of this establishment he has perfected all 
 its interior arrangements according to his 
 own practical jndgment, and introduced 
 all the modern machinery which he deems 
 to be of use in such a factory. He has 
 already achieved a most gratifying busi- 
 ness success, and is certain to develope it 
 to still larger proportions. 
 
 HAY-WARD & HUTCHINSON, 
 
 Wood Mantels, Art Tiles, Brass Fire 
 Goods, &c, 424 Ninth street N.W, 
 
 One of the most extensive houses in the 
 capital dealing in this line of goods is the 
 firm of Hayward & Hutchinson, which 
 was established here in 1875. The senior 
 member of the firm, Mr. Geo. M. Hay- 
 ward, died in the year 1880, since 
 which period the business has been con- 
 ducted by Mr. Elias S. Hutchinson, the 
 old firm name remaining unchanged. 
 The premises occupied are among the 
 most eligible in the city, being located at 
 424 Ninth street N. W., in one of the finest 
 business structures on that busy thorough- 
 fare. The building is of brick and sub- 
 stantially constructed, and is admirably 
 adapted to the wants of this branch of 
 trade. The first floor and basement of 
 the building are occupied with the busi- 
 ness, the latter being equally as well 
 lighted and furnished as the first floor, 
 and having an area of 51 by 127 feet. 
 The first floor is 25 by 110 feet, beside 
 having five annex rooms leading oft* from 
 it. This house, beside carrying a large 
 and very complete stock of wood mantels, 
 art tiles, brass fire goods, and articles of 
 general household utility, also carry on a 
 large business in sanitary plumbing, heat- 
 ing and ventilating. The latter branches 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 205 
 
 of the business are carried on according 
 to the latest improvements and upon the 
 most complete scientific and sanitary 
 principles. Any kind of tile work is 
 done in encaustic work or any other style 
 desired, and in this line the facilities of 
 the house are very complete, a large 
 variety of imported and American tile 
 being kept constantly in stock. The stock 
 of brass fire goods carried by this house 
 is the most complete in Washington, and 
 their wood mantels, which are in large 
 variety and some of them very elaborate, 
 are veritable works of art. Mr. E. S. 
 Hutchinson, the head of this establishment, 
 is so intimately and generally known in 
 the commercial world through his long 
 and active business career that more than 
 a mere mention of his name is unneces- 
 sary here. Suffice it to say that the bus- 
 iness of the house has always been con- 
 ducted upon the old and solid business 
 principles which were much more pre- 
 valent a generation ago than to-day. 
 
 JAMES G. BOWEN, 
 
 Livery, Hiring, Hack, and Sale Stables, 
 
 643 to 647 New York Avenue. 
 
 One of the most favorably known and 
 ably conducted livery stables in the city 
 of Washington is that of James G. Bowen. 
 Mr. Bowen established his business in 
 1863 and at present occupies a large build- 
 ing 58 x 115 feet in area, and numbered 
 643, 645, and 647 New York avenue. 
 The stables are fitted up in the most ap- 
 proved style, and he has constantly on 
 hand some of the most stylish rigs to be 
 found in the city, comprising hacks, cou- 
 pes, and buggies, with or without drivers. 
 His horses are selected with an express 
 view to the requirements of customers, for 
 speed, style, and general utility. A spe- 
 cialty is made of buying and selling horses 
 and furnishing parties, receptions, wed- 
 dings, and funerals with conveyances. 
 The stables are connected by telephone 
 with all parts of the city and are kept 
 open day and night. They are eligibly 
 located near the business centre of the 
 city in close proximity to the principal 
 hotels and places of amusement and are 
 conducted in the best manner. Mr. 
 Bowen was born and educated in this 
 city, and is an energetic, prompt, and re- 
 liable business man. 
 
 GEO. HENRY ASCHENBACH, 
 Practical Machinist, 414 11th st. N.W. 
 
 Mr. Aschenbach has enjoyed a career of 
 prosperity which has given him a marked 
 prominence in the industrial affairs of 
 this city. Manufacturing establishments 
 desirous of increasing their power or facil- 
 ities have to go to the practical machinist 
 to be enabled to advantageously increase 
 such facilities, and Mr. George Henry 
 Aschenbach, as a practical machinist, is 
 the pi'oper person to consult. He estab- 
 lished his business in 1882 and occupies 
 premises 12 x 100 feet, giving employ- 
 ment to five hands. He has one of the 
 best appointed shops in the city and is 
 prepared to do all kinds of work in the 
 line of machinists, such as repairing en- 
 gines, boilers, all kinds of turning and 
 lathe work, jobbing of all kinds, and a 
 general line of blacksmithing. Mr. 
 Aschenbach was born and educated in 
 Germany, and has been 32 years in 
 America and 28 years in Washington, 
 during which time he has been promi- 
 nently identified with the mechaniacl in- 
 dustries of the city, and is one of the 
 most reliable machinists in the city. 
 
 GEORGE R. HALL, 
 
 Carriage Manufacturer, cor. Ohio ave. 
 
 and 13.1 street N. W. 
 
 As evidence of the progress made by 
 the carriage manufacturing firms of Wash- 
 ington during the last decade in produc- 
 ing a line of carriages that will compare 
 favorably with those of any other city, 
 the house at the heading is noted. Among 
 those engaged in this line of industry in 
 this city, we mention the name of George 
 R. Hall, carriage manufacturer, corner 
 Ohio avenue and 13$ street, whose busi- 
 ness was established in 1855, at the 
 present plant, which is 15 x 100 feet in 
 dimensions. He employs a force of six 
 skilled workmen, and manufactures all 
 
206 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 kinds of vehicles, making a specialty of 
 repairing, whichfhe does with promptness 
 and neatness. He uses in the manufac- 
 ture of carriages only carefully selected 
 material, and displays great taste in the 
 production of his work. During the late 
 war Mr. Hall did a large amount of busi- 
 ness for the Government under contract, 
 and in every case gave the best of satis- 
 faction. He is a native of Washington, 
 having been born in this city in 1830, and 
 was educated here. It is with a spirit of 
 commendable pride that Mr. Hall points 
 to a manufacturing career of nearly 30 
 years, and no factory in the city has to- 
 day a better reputation in the commercial 
 world than that of the above gentleman. 
 
 J. P. AGNEW & CO., 
 
 Wholesale Dealers in George's Creek 
 
 Cumberland Coal, Georgetown, D. C. 
 
 Perhaps the leading establishment of 
 this class in Washington is that of John 
 P. Agnew & Co., wholesale dealers and 
 shippers of George's creek Cumberland 
 coal. Its history has been one of pro- 
 gress, evincing a superior business tact 
 and executive ability on the part of the 
 gentlemen controlling its affairs. The 
 firm is now conducted by Messrs. J. P. 
 Agnew, P. Agnew, and A. Greenlees. 
 They have directed special attention to the 
 introduction into this market of George's 
 creek Cumberland coal. The company 
 shipping the first coal from Cumberland 
 was the Cumberland Coal and Iron Co. 
 The Frostbury Coal Co., now a part of 
 the Cumberland Coal Co., having conso- 
 lidated with that company, began to ship 
 coal to Alexandria about 1850, Mr. J. P. 
 AgneAV began to act as agent for this 
 company about the year 1857, and two 
 boat loads per day was considered a fair 
 day's work at this time. The Frostbury 
 Co. during the Avar in 1860 moved their 
 whole affairs for shipping to Georgetown, 
 D. G, Mr. J. P. Agnew acting as agent. 
 The Frostbury company soon after became 
 a part of the present Cumberland Coal 
 Co., and J. P. Agnew became the agent 
 of the Hampshire and Baltimore Coal Co. 
 The present firm was established in 1876, 
 and gives employment to from 70 to 100 
 workmen in handling coal alone. The 
 firm already have built some of the finest 
 schooners carrying coal from the ports of 
 
 Baltimore and Georgetown. Mr. J. P. 
 Agnew was born in Pennsylvania, A. 
 Greenlees in Scotland. Mr. Park Agnew, 
 a son of J. P. Agnew, was born in Cum- 
 berland, Maryland. 
 
 The members of the firm are all active 
 and enterprising business men, widely 
 known, and since the establishment of 
 their business have brought to their aid 
 an indomitable energy, which has proved 
 to be the most successful capital they 
 could employ. 
 
 RICHARD M. A. FENWICK, 
 
 House, Sign, and Ornamental Painter, 
 
 742 8th street N. W. 
 
 One of the most prominent and best 
 known houses in this line is the one con- 
 ducted by Mr. M. A. Fenwick. His 
 business was established in 1852, and at 
 the present location 16 years ago, the 
 premises occupied being 15 x 30 feet in 
 dimensions, and his business gives em- 
 ployment to from 2 to 6 hands. House, 
 sign, ornamental, and decorative painting 
 and kalsomining are attended to and a 
 good business done. 
 
 Mr. Fenwick was born in Washington 
 in 1825, and was here educated. He has 
 served his country in two Avars, the Mex- 
 ican war and the war of the rebellion. 
 In the Mexican war he was a member of 
 the 16th Virginia Regiment under Col. 
 Hamtranck, and in Gen'l Wool's division 
 of General Taylor's corps, he was sta- 
 tioned at Buena Vista. During the war 
 of the rebellion he Avas in the 3-months 
 service, enlisting April 10th, 1861, and 
 was deputy provost marshal of the Dis- 
 trict, under Col. Fry, and after in the 
 secret service under Col.'Wood. Mr. Fen- 
 Avick's record in the serA'ice of his country 
 Avas one of gallantry and merit, and his 
 conduct in his business affairs has been 
 equally as good. 
 
 GEORGE MESSER, 
 Baker, 701 Sixth st. S.W. 
 One of the important bakeries in South 
 Washington is that of Mr. George Mes- 
 ser, at 701 Sixth street S.W. This estab- 
 lishment Avas founded in 1872 by the pres- 
 ent proprietor, and from his close atten- 
 tion to business and thorough practical 
 knowledge of it in all its branches he has 
 had a very large trade from the general 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 207 
 
 public. The premises occupied are 20 x 
 120 feet in dimensions and fitted up with 
 every convenience and facility necessary 
 in the business. Employment is given to 
 an ample force of workmen and one wagon 
 is used in the delivery of goods. Bread, 
 biscuit, and cake are the only articles 
 manufactured, which are made of the best 
 brands of flour which the market affords. 
 Mr. Messer was born and educated in 
 Scotland, and has been a resident of Wash- 
 ington for the past eighteen years, and 
 has built up a fine business and a good 
 reputation as a business man. 
 
 MAX A. BEUTER, 
 
 Practical Plumber, Gas and Steam Fitter, 
 606 D street, near 6th N. W. 
 
 Mr. Beuter is a practical and scientific 
 plumber and gas fitter, and has been es- 
 tablished at his present location since 
 1880, where he occupies commodious 
 premises. He employs four assistants, 
 and makes a specialty of sanitary plumb- 
 ing. The stock carried is not necessarily 
 a heavy one, but it is always kept up to 
 the needs of his trade. Mr. Beuter is a 
 native of Virginia, having been born in 
 that State in the year 1853. He came 
 to Washington in 1878, from Wheeling, 
 Virginia, where he carried on the plumb- 
 ing business for a number of years. Mr. 
 Beuter devotes his attention and personal 
 supervision to all work entrusted to his 
 care, and sees that it is properly and 
 satisfactorily executed, and his enterprise 
 has met with the most gratifying results. 
 
 BETHESDA DAIRY, 
 Charles E. Arthur, Prop., 1410 I st. N.W. 
 
 Among the many dairies of the city 
 there are none which has a better reputa- 
 tion than the well known and popular 
 Bethesda Dairy, C. E. Arthur, proprietor, 
 and located at 1410 I street N. W. This 
 dairy was established four years ago by 
 the present proprietor, and since, by the 
 purity and cleanliness ot its products, it 
 has taken a leading position among the 
 prominent dairies of the district. Em- 
 ployment is given to four assistants who 
 thoroughly understand the business in all 
 its branches. Three wagons are required 
 to deliver its products to his customers 
 throughout the city. The premises occu- 
 pied are very neat and clean and well 
 
 adapted for the business. All kinds of 
 dairy products are on hand and kept at 
 cool and even temperature. Mr. Arthur 
 is a thorough and practical manager, giv- 
 ing his personal attention to the business, 
 and has thereby gained a large success. 
 
 W. C. HAZEL, 
 Livery Stable, 3141 O street. 
 
 Probably there is no city in the United 
 States which is better supplied with livery 
 stables than the city of Washington, and 
 the livery establishment of Mr. W. C. 
 Hazel, at 3141 O street N.W., is one of 
 the largest, handsomest, and most con- 
 venient in the city, being situated in 
 the heart of its business section. The 
 business was established in 1855, and oc- 
 cupies a splendid pressed-brick front 
 building 189 by 120 feet in dimensions, 
 and fitted with every convenience for 
 prosecuting the business. A force of 10 
 men is employed, and a large stock of all 
 kinds of conveyances and horses are kept 
 on hand, a specialty being made of the 
 furnishing of handsome turnouts for wed- 
 dings, parties, receptions, and funerals. 
 Hearses and every facility pertaining to 
 funeral occasions are on hand. Horses 
 are boarded by the day or week, and a 
 general business is done in buying and 
 selling horses. Mr. Hazel was born in 
 Prince George's county, Maryland, and 
 was there educated. He came to Wash- 
 ington in 1841, since which time he has 
 been closely identified with the business 
 interests of the city. 
 
 O. E. DUFFY, 
 Solicitor of American and Foreign Pat- 
 ents, 605 and 607 Seventh st. N.W. 
 
 The business of soliciting of patents, so 
 largely represented in Washington, has 
 an able exponent in the person of O. E. 
 Duffy, Esq. Through his long service of 
 over fourteen years as a member of the 
 examining corps of the United States 
 Patent Office, Mr. Duffy discovered that a 
 very large number of the applications for 
 patents which are rejected are cases im- 
 properly and carelessly prepared and pre- 
 sented, showing ignorance of the patent 
 laws as they exist. Of nine such cases out 
 of every ten Mr. Duffy guarantees to ob- 
 tain patents, and all he asks is the privi- 
 lege of making an examination of any such 
 
208 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 case, for which no charge is made. The 
 charges in these rejected cases, when or- 
 dered to proceed, are always moderate, 
 never exceeding those of any responsible 
 firm. He refers to the Patent Office offi- 
 cials as to his reliability and ability. He 
 also refers with pride to the cordial and 
 complimentary letter from the Commis- 
 sioner of Patents, Mr. E. M. Marble, at 
 the date of his resignation as second as- 
 sistant examiner in the Patent Office ser- 
 vice, in which — quoting a part — he says : 
 " The records of the Patent Office show 
 that you have been connected with it for 
 the last fourteen years, and during all that 
 time have faithfully and efficiently per- 
 formed the duties assigned to you. It is 
 with pleasure, therefore, that I give you 
 this testimonial of your faithful services as 
 an officer of the bureau, and commend 
 you to any and all who desire to secure 
 your services as a solicitor before the 
 office." Preliminary examinations are 
 promptly attended to by Mr. Duffy, and 
 all other business connected with obtain- 
 ing patents is in able and trustworthy 
 hands when confided to his care and man- 
 agement. 
 
 LOUIS SCHMID & SONS, 
 
 Manufacturers of Florists' Wire Designs, 
 
 317 12th street N.W. 
 
 Wire weaving, in both plain and fancy 
 forms for the florists' trade, is an industry 
 well represented in Washington by Louis 
 Schmid & Sons of 317 12th street N. W. 
 The business was established in 1868, and 
 occupies premises 22 x 100 feet, and three 
 stories high. Employment is given to 10 
 hands, who are skilled in their various 
 branches. All the facilities and conveni- 
 ences for making wire work for the florists 
 or ornamental purposes are to be found. 
 Designs of all sizes and shapes are made, 
 such as flower-stands, bird-cages, and fend- 
 ers, hanging baskets, milliners trees wire 
 cloth ; a specialty being made of floral de- 
 signs that are unique and beautiful in shape 
 and workmanship. In connection with 
 the wire work and florists' supply busi- 
 ness, they have a paper-box factory, where 
 all kinds of boxes are made by hand 
 machinery ; his department being es- 
 specially well arranged for the purpose, 
 a specialty being made of shelf, candy, 
 bonnet, and oyster boxes. The trade is 
 
 confined principally to this city, although 
 a very flattering patronage is extended to 
 them from various neighboring cities and 
 States. Mr. Schmid, Sr., was born in 
 Germany in 1824, and was there educated, 
 and came to America in 1851. 
 
 A. MONROTE, 
 
 Watch Case Maker, Gold and Silver 
 
 Plater, 803 D street N. W. 
 
 This house was founded originally by 
 Mr. A. Monrote in 1878, and has been 
 carried on by him since that time. The 
 special business of this establishment is 
 the making of watch cases and fine gold 
 and silver plating. Mr. Monrote is a 
 skilled and competent workman, and his 
 work on watch cases and plating is of the 
 highest style, every kind of case is made, 
 and any design furnished will receive 
 prompt attention, and by his originality 
 of design and moderation in charges he 
 endeavors to merit the patronage of his 
 friends and the support and confidence of 
 the public. Mr. Monrote was born and 
 educated in France, and has been a resi- 
 dent of this city for a period of 6 years. 
 His business is the only one of the kind 
 in the city, and is advantageously located 
 in the business centre, and the future 
 prospects of his establishment promise a 
 still more substantial success. 
 
 ADONIRAM J. WILLIAMS, 
 
 Builder of all styles of Carriages and 
 
 Wagons, 109 6th street N. W. 
 
 The high reputation and long standing 
 of the wagon and carriage factory of 
 Adoniram Williams, at 109 6th street N. 
 W., is widely known. This business was 
 established in 1862, and at the present 
 location occupies premises 22 x 100 feet 
 in dimensions, and gives employment to 
 eight first-class skilled mechanics. All 
 kinds of vehicles are manufactured, a 
 specialty being made of first-class light 
 and heavy wagons. He invites the at- 
 tention of buyers to the large stock of his 
 own manufacture of first-class carriages 
 and wagons which he is offering for about 
 the price of a common article. They are 
 made of the best material, and by the most 
 skillful mechanics, and are in every way 
 fine vehicles. Repairing of all kinds — 
 both wagons and carriages — is neatly and 
 promptly executed on the most reasonable 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 209 
 
 terms. Mr. Williams was born in Rich- 
 mond, Virginia, in 1829, and came to 
 Washington in 1856, he is a self-educated 
 and a self-made man in the fullest sense 
 of the terms, and by hard work and at- 
 tention to his business has built up a fine 
 business and gained an enviable reputa- 
 tion for trood honest work. 
 
 JAMES GUILD, 
 Pictures, 105 Pennsylvania Avenue. 
 
 The city of Washington is especially a 
 city of erudition and culture, the conse- 
 quence being that the picture trade is of 
 more than ordinary importance. Mr. 
 Guild, the proprietor of this enterprise, is 
 a good representation in this branch of 
 trade and started in the year 1882, and 
 by the use of the most effective business 
 methods has succeeded in building up a 
 business connection of which he may 
 justly be proud, and one which will bear 
 favorable comparison with that of any 
 kindred house in this city. The premises 
 occupied are 15 x 40 feet in dimensions, 
 and all kinds of pictures, views, photos, 
 and engravings can here be found, be- 
 side bric-a-brac of every description. A 
 specialty is made of cleaning old paint- 
 ings, the sale of them, and a general 
 brokerage in rare works is also done. 
 Mr. Guild was born and educated in 
 Philadelphia and is about 54 years of age, 
 and has lived in Washington since 1850. 
 He is a connoisseur in art and a wide- 
 awake and efficient business man. 
 
 HENRY OTTO, 
 
 Bottler of Ginger Ale, &c, cor. 5th and 
 C streets S. E. 
 
 The manufacture of ginger ale, soda, 
 sarsaparilla, &c, has of late years in- 
 creased to such an extent in this city as 
 to constitute one of the important indus- 
 tries of Washington. Among the leading 
 houses devoted to this branch of business 
 is that of Henry Otto, located at the cor- 
 ner of 5th and C streets N.E. Although 
 but a recent addition to this business, hav- 
 ing been established only since March, 
 1884, the superior quality of the products 
 of this house have become generally and 
 favorably known by dealers and con- 
 sumers throughout the city, and the de- 
 mand for his popular brands of summer 
 drinks is rapidly increasing. The prem- 
 14 
 
 ises occupied are about 30 x 100 feet in 
 dimensions, and well arranged and sup- 
 plied with all the modern conveniences 
 and appliances for properly conducting 
 the business in all its branches. Em- 
 ployment is given to four assistants, and 
 two wagons are used to deliver goods to 
 his many customers throughout the city. 
 Ginger ale, sarsaparilla, soda, and a large 
 number of light summer drinks are man- 
 ufactured, all of which are warranted for 
 their purity and excellence. Mr. Otto, 
 the proprietor, was born and educated in 
 Baltimore, and has been a resident of this 
 city for the past fifteen years. 
 
 S. HIRSCH, 
 Fine Clothier, 720 7th street N. W. 
 The above line of trade is well repre- 
 sented in this city by a number of enter- 
 prising houses, and in noticing those that 
 are prominent we mention that of S. 
 Hirsch, centrally located in the business 
 part of the city, and easily accessible by 
 all lines of street cars. Mr. Hirsch's 
 complete stock of ready-made clothing 
 and gent's furnishing goods occupies the 
 first floor of the number mentioned, cov- 
 ering an area of 25 by 70 feet. There 
 can at all times be found in stock a full 
 and complete line of fine goods of the 
 newest styles and patterns. Mr. S. Hirsch 
 established his business in this city in 
 1876, and the lucrative trade which his 
 house now enjoys can only be attributed 
 to the honorable and reliable manner in 
 which its affairs have ever been conducted, 
 and of excellence up to which the stock 
 is constantly kept. 
 
 RUSSEL BRACE, 
 Druggist, cor, 30th and M streets. 
 Among those who have a standard re- 
 putation for the excellence of the stock' 
 carried, and accuracy and reliability in 
 the preparation of physicians' prescrip- 
 tions and family recipes, is Mr. Russel 
 Brace, who occupies the premises located 
 at the above number, 25 x 50 feet in ex- 
 tent. The place is handsomely fitted up 
 and supplied with a stock of pure drugs 
 and medicines, and the popular and de- 
 sirable patent medicines, perfumes, and 
 toilet articles in a large variety, beside 
 paints, oils, varnishes, dye stuffs, brushes, 
 soaps, braces, trusses, pure wines and 
 
210 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 liquors for medicinal use, cigars, and all 
 varieties of druggist sundries. The bus- 
 iness was established in 1866, and gives 
 employment to three clerks, and is now 
 under the management of Mr. W. D. 
 Brace, Mr. Russel Brace, his father, hav- 
 ing died in 1882. Mr. Wm. Brace is a 
 young man, competent and popular, and 
 identified with the interests of the city, 
 and enjoying many social and business 
 advantages, and the confidence and re- 
 spect of the community, and since he has 
 conducted the business he has gradually 
 increased trade. 
 
 JOHN W. HARDELL, 
 
 Dealer in Groceries and Provisions, 1428 
 
 9th street N.W. 
 
 The fine establishment of Mr. John W. 
 Hardell, dealer in groceries and provi- 
 sions, is located in a suitable building at the 
 intersection of P and 9th streets, a spa- 
 cious store and dwelling of ample dimen- 
 sions, with everything for facilitating the 
 business of the house. The business was 
 established about nine years ago, and by 
 its location, combined with the enterprise, 
 immediately stepped into popular favor. 
 Employment is given to two assistants, 
 and one wagon is required to deliver goods 
 to the patrons of the house. Here at all 
 times is carried a large and complete 
 stock of groceries, provisions, meats, fruits, 
 etc. Fresh meats are a specialty of this 
 house. The business is good and owing 
 to the rapid development of this portion 
 of the city is rapidly increasing. Mr. 
 Hardell was born and educated in Eng- 
 land, and came to Washington in 1871, 
 since which time he has identified himself 
 with the business interests of the city, and 
 has been very successful. 
 
 OWEN DONNELLY, 
 
 Carpenter, Builder, and Painter, 308 
 
 Pennsylvania Avenue S. E. 
 
 Among the leading carpenters and 
 builders whose energy and enterprise have 
 given a conspicuous position to the trade 
 is Mr. Owen Donnelly, located at 308 
 Pennsylvania avenue east. Mr. Donnelly 
 established himself in the trade in this 
 city in 1872, and by the fine work and 
 reliability of his contracts very soon oc- 
 cupied a foremost rank as a first-class 
 builder. Employment is given to a large 
 
 force of workmen, all skilled in the various 
 branches to which they are assigned. 
 Building and carpentering work in all its 
 branches is attended to, jobbing and re- 
 pairing being a specialty. In connec- 
 tion with his business he has a paint shop, 
 where skilled workmen are employed and 
 all kinds of house painting is done. Mr. 
 Donnelly was born and educated in Mary- 
 land and has been a resident of this city 
 since 1862, and by his honest and straight- 
 forward manner of carrying out his con- 
 tracts to the letter has gained a fine 
 trade and patronage. 
 
 J. BRYNAN, 
 
 General Engraving Office, No. 615 7th 
 street N.W. 
 
 This is one of the important establish- 
 ments engaged in this special line of busi- 
 ness, Mr. Brynan being a gentleman who 
 has been prominently identified with the 
 engraving business in this city for the past 
 twelve years. He is an efficient artist in 
 his craft, and has all the work he can do, 
 as well as a growing demand for his pro- 
 ductions throughout the country, having 
 a large call from leading stationers gene- 
 rally. He takes especial pride in the ex- 
 cellence of his work, which is executed in 
 the highest style of the art, however in- 
 tricate the design may be. A general . 
 line of engraving is done in wedding, 
 visiting, and professional cards, heraldic 
 devices, emblems, crests, arms, and mono- 
 grams. Mr. Brynan has been a resident 
 of Washington about twelve years, and 
 is regarded as a clever and pushing man 
 of business, who has built up an import- 
 ant industrial art and a standard business 
 in his line. 
 
 JOHN T. PRICE & SON, 
 National Stables, 311 Sixth st. N.W. 
 
 There are many nicely equipped livery 
 establishments in Washington, and among 
 them we notice the National Stables of 
 John T. Price & Son, No. 311 Sixth 
 street. The building is 100 by 100 feet 
 in dimensions, and was first occupied by 
 them in 1865. They employ a force of 13 
 hands, all of whom live on the premises, 
 and are ready at any hour to respond to 
 calls from their customers. They are also 
 in communication by telephone with all 
 parts of the city and Baltimore and Alex- 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 211 
 
 andria. They carry a stock amounting 
 to about twenty-five thousand dollars, 
 consisting of fine driving horses and ve- 
 hicles in every style and latest patterns. 
 They make a specialty of furnishing wed- 
 dings, receptions, and funerals with car- 
 riages and drivers, in which they are pre- 
 
 pared to give good service and can guar- 
 antee satisfaction. Mr. J. T. Price was 
 born in Alexandria in 1832 and came to 
 Washington in 1865. He received his 
 education in Alexandria, at which place 
 his son was also born and educated. 
 
 BRIGGS, 
 New York Steam Dye House, 709 9th street N.W. 
 
 On the public bathing-houses of old 
 Pompeii and Herculaneum was conspic- 
 uously displayed the trite motto, " Clean- 
 liness is next to godliness — for thine own 
 sake be tidy," and in this connection is 
 mentioned the above establishment for 
 cleansing and renovating clothing, con- 
 ducted by Mrs. Mary Briggs, at 709 9th 
 street N. W., than which there is no bet- 
 ter in the Capital. Finest silks, velvets, 
 ribbons and cashmeres are cleaned and 
 dyed at this establishment, without the 
 least damage to their texture. The pro- 
 cess of dry cleaning, so thorougly studied 
 
 by Mrs. Briggs, enables her to do the 
 best kind of work in that line ; she makes 
 a specialty of the cleaning of kid gloves 
 and ostrich feathers. The business was 
 established in this city in 1864, removing 
 to the premises occupied at present in 
 1872. Mrs. Briggs is a native of Troy, 
 New York, where she was for years pro- 
 prietress of the celebrated Rensellaer 
 Dye Works of that city, and her long 
 sojourn in this city, and the superiority 
 of the work performed in her establish- 
 ment, has placed this house in the lead 
 of the enterprises of the kind in this city. 
 
 NATIONAL BRASS WORKS, 
 
 Trios, Somerville & Sons, Proprietors, 
 
 316, 318, 320, and 322 13th st. N.W. 
 
 Foremost in this trade and industry 
 stands Messrs. Thomas Somerville & Sons. 
 The business was established in 1863, 
 and by extraordinary energy and en- 
 terprise enlarged its workings from 
 time to time, and to-day, in the extent of 
 its operations and the fame of its produc- 
 
 tions, it stands without a rival in the 
 United States. The premises occupied 
 present an imposing and attractive ap- 
 pearance, fronting 87^x105 feet, hav- 
 ing all the latest and most improved ma- 
 chinery. Skilled workmen who are ex- 
 perts in their several specialties. The 
 machinery is run by a 20-horse power 
 steam engine, and they give constant em- 
 ployment to fifty-two workingmen. The 
 
212 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 firm are importers and dealers in plum- 
 bers' supplies, and manufacturers of all 
 the various articles used in plumbing, 
 steam and gas fitting, making a specialty 
 of steam heating supplies, are also 
 agents for Dunning's Patent Magazine 
 Boilers and Exeter Machine Works, and 
 Steam Heating Boilers. Are also large 
 importers of earthenware, keep on hand 
 a large splendidly assorted stock, and 
 have store-rooms conveniently 'arranged 
 and adapted to give every advantage in 
 the display and the handling of their 
 goods. They also manufacture terra-cotta 
 ware of every description. Their very 
 large and constantly increasing business 
 extends to all parts of the United States. 
 The firm have just been awarded the con- 
 tract for supplying Government buildings 
 all over the United States with water 
 closets, hoppers &c. Mr. Somerville was 
 born and educated in Scotland, and came 
 to this country in 1853. He is an intelli- 
 gent gentleman, full of vim and energy, 
 and enjoys the confidence and esteem of 
 all our citizens, and is equally as popular 
 in social as well as business circles. 
 
 THOMAS A. BROWN, 
 House and Sign Painter, 1413 F st. N.W. 
 
 Among the painters of Washington, 
 there are none who enjoy a better repu- 
 tation for first-class work than Mr. Thos. 
 A. Brown, and none merit to a greater 
 degree the support which he has always 
 received from this community. Estab- 
 lishing a business tweuty-three years ago 
 on Louisiana avenue, between 4? and 6th 
 streets, where he carried on business in a 
 small way, he has had the satisfaction of 
 seeing it grow to its present extensive pro- 
 portions. Five years ago Mr. Brown re- 
 moved to his present location, where he 
 employs fifty hands in the busy season of 
 the year. He undertakes all kinds of 
 jobbing contracts in his branch of busi- 
 ness. Among his larger contracts are the 
 City Hall, General Post Office, Patent 
 Office, Ebbitt House, Wil lard's Hotel, 
 Portland Flats, National Museum, and 
 Smithsonian Institution, beside many other 
 buildings of prominence. Mr. Brown is 
 pre-eminently a self-made man, was born 
 in Georgetown forty-eight years ago. He 
 is ably assisted in his business by his son, 
 Harry C. Brown, and they stand high 
 
 among the enterprising business men of 
 this city, and are considered among the 
 leading house and sign painting firms of 
 Washington. 
 
 P. HARVEY, 
 Groceries and Provisions, corner 23d 
 
 and H streets. 
 
 Among the many prominent grocery 
 and provision houses in the western por- 
 tion of the city there are none more com- 
 plete than that of Mr. P. Harvey, located 
 at the corner of 23d and H streets. This 
 is one of the pioneer houses in that sec- 
 tion of the city, having been established 
 about 20 years ago by the present pro- 
 prietor. From its inception it has always 
 enjoyed a large and constantly increasing 
 business, numbering among its patrons the 
 most prominenent families of that section. 
 The premises occupied are 20 x 60 feet in 
 dimensions, and well arranged for con- 
 ducting the business and displaying the 
 stock. Fine family groceries, table luxu- 
 ries, teas, coffees, provisions, and every- 
 thing pertaining to a first-class grocery 
 and provision store is to be found in stock. 
 Mr. Harvey was born and educated in the 
 District, and is a thorough business man, 
 closely attending to the wants of his 
 patrons, and in this way he has won a 
 substantial success. 
 
 james t. Mcintosh, 
 
 Merchant Tailor, 627 D street N. W. 
 
 In 1879 Mr. Mcintosh commenced busi- 
 ness in his present location, where he oc- 
 cupies premises 20 x 50 feet in dimensions, 
 and employs an ample number of work- 
 men. The business has always been on 
 the increase, and to-day probably no es- 
 tablishment in the city is more highly re- 
 garded. Mr. Mcintosh makes a specialty 
 of fitting and repairing, and in all cases 
 guarantees satisfaction. He was born in 
 Washington in 1817, and here received a 
 common school education. He has had 
 an experience of over forty years in the 
 merchant tailoring business, and this long 
 experience and perfect knowledge of his 
 craft eminently fits him to perform every 
 part of the practical work, including the 
 cutting, as well as finishing all kinds of 
 fine work, and the trade that he has built 
 up by his indomitable perseverance is 
 one that is well conducted and extends 
 throughout the city. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 213 
 
 F. W. REST, 
 
 Merchant Tailor. 418 12th St., N. W. 
 
 Ill 1865 this gentleman established him- 
 self in business at 418 12th street N. W., 
 where he occupies neat premises 25 x 40 
 feet in dimensions. On his shelves can 
 be found a full line of imported and do- 
 mestic suitings of all the latest styles of 
 fabrics. Although the business originated 
 on a small capital, yet by industry and 
 catering to the wants of patrons it has 
 been largely increased. The workmen 
 employed are experts and strive in every 
 way to further their employer's interests. 
 Mr. Rest is an acknowledged expert in 
 his business, being one of the finest cut- 
 ters and fitters in Washington, and makes 
 a specialty of fine clothing and business 
 suits. He is a native of Germany, where 
 he was born and educated, and came to 
 this country in 1854. He has been the 
 architect of his own fortune, and fully de- 
 serves the success that has crowned his 
 efforts. 
 
 THE "HAMILTON," 
 
 Corner of 14th and K sts, 
 
 William M. Gilson, Proprietor. 
 
 This house, just refinished and improved 
 in the best style, is unrivaled in its taste- 
 ful appointments and in the quiet seclu- 
 sion for family residence which it offers. 
 The Hamilton is situated in the very 
 center of the most attractive and fash- 
 ionable neighborhood. The beautiful 
 Franklin Park is directly opposite and 
 furnishes a most delightful and shady re- 
 treat in the summer, and an expansive 
 and beautiful play-ground for children. 
 The house is supplied with elevators, elec- 
 tric bells, etc., and, in short, all the fa- 
 cilities for comfort and convenience to be 
 found in first-class hotels. The "Hamil- 
 ton" is especially adapted for the accom- 
 modation of the families of Senators and 
 Representatatives, and there will also be 
 special arrangements for resident guests. 
 The proprietor, Mr. William M. Gilson, 
 has had a long experience in connection 
 with some of the best hotels at the North, 
 as well as in this city, where he will be 
 popularly remembered on account of his 
 eight years' connection with the manage- 
 ment of the Ebbitt House. In view of 
 this fact it become a foregone conclusion 
 that all the details will be managed in 
 
 such a manner as to render the " Hamil- 
 ton" in all respects the most desirable 
 family hotel in the city of Washington. 
 Mr. Gilson, who is a native of Boston, 
 has spent more than eighteen years in our 
 midst, where his general popularity has 
 acquired for him and his establishment, 
 the patronage of our best families. 
 
 NOTLEY ANDERSON, 
 
 Carpenter and Builder, 619 14th street 
 
 N. W. 
 
 Mr. Anderson has for many years en- 
 joyed the distinction of being one of the 
 most prominent builders and contractors 
 in the City of Washington. He started 
 in business in 1870, and his premises are 
 now conveniently located at 619 14th 
 street, occujDying a plant 30 x 45 feet and 
 employing on an average about 15 work- 
 men, although his force at times is aug- 
 mented by from 15 to 20 additional work- 
 men. The latest facilities are used in his 
 business, which is mostly confined to the 
 city. Particular attention is paid to the 
 jobbing and repairing department, and he 
 receives a large patronage in this line. 
 He gives estimates in every branch of the 
 business, whenever required, for the en- 
 tire erection of buildings, &c. Mr. An- 
 derson gives special attention also to the 
 manufacture of furniture, and in this re- 
 spect has fine facilities and can offer in- 
 ducements in this line of the most desira- 
 ble nature. 
 
 JOSEPH S. BOSS, 
 
 Carpenter and Builder, shop 517 7th 
 
 street N. W. 
 
 Among the oldest and more prominent 
 carpenters and builders of this city we 
 find Joseph S. Boss, at 517 7th street, 
 whose business was established in 1852, 
 and is well equipped for doing any busi- 
 ness in his line. The premises occupied 
 are 20 x 25 feet in dimensions, and two 
 stories high. A force of skilled workmen 
 are employed as the contracts demand, 
 and a fine business is done throughout 
 the city. Mr. Boss was born in AVashing- 
 ton in 1827, and was here educated. He 
 has had many years' practical experience 
 and has built some of the most substan- 
 tial houses in the city. A specialty is 
 made of jobbing and repairing, which is 
 promptly attended to, and satisfaction is 
 
214 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 guaranteed in every case. Contracts are 
 taken for the building of houses of any 
 size or description, and by his honorable 
 dealing and strict fulfillment of all con- 
 tracts Mr. Boss has come to be known as 
 a reliable and straightforward builder 
 who can always be depended upon. 
 
 NATIONAL BRONZING CO., 
 H. P. Hoare, Actuary, 1308 Pennsylva- 
 nia avenue N. W. 
 
 One of the wonders of commercial life 
 is the height to which the art of bronzing 
 is carried and its many improvements 
 lately discovered. The National Bronz- 
 ing Company, 1308 Pennsylvania avenue, 
 is one of the leading ones in the city. 
 The business was established in 1878 and 
 occupies the third floor of the above num- 
 ber, and is under the sole management of 
 H. P. Hoare, who is the inventor of the 
 new process by which all bronzing at his 
 establishment is done. The first work 
 done by this process is shown by the Bar- 
 tholdi Centennial fountain in the Botan- 
 ical Garden ; he has also done work for 
 the Capitol, the Treasury, and the Navy 
 Department, and refers to all the jewelers 
 and architects in the city for the charac- 
 ter of the work. Mr. Hoare was born in 
 Ireland and is a self-made man. He was 
 originally an iron moulder, but for the 
 past 17 years has been engaged in the 
 bronzing business. He was during the 
 war a member of the 12th New York In- 
 fantry, in the three months' service, sub- 
 sequently re-enlisting in the 1st New 
 York Marine Artillery, and was disabled 
 at Newbern, N. C, on the Burnside expe- 
 dition. Mr. Hoare is 51 years of age and 
 is working hard to place his bronzing 
 works on a solid, stable basis, which by 
 his energy and perseverance he is grad- 
 ually accomplishing. 
 
 WILLIAM WALTER. 
 
 Carriage Manufacturer, 
 Corner 14th and D streets N. W. 
 The life of a city is largely in its man- 
 ufacturing interests, and the carriage man- 
 ufacturing industry of this city has a 
 large number of places for the carrying 
 on of this business. Among this class in 
 Washington the name of William Wal- 
 ter stands in the foremost rank. His 
 business was established in 1859, and the 
 
 premises now occupied are 37x75 feet in 
 dimensions, and employment is given to 
 ten workmen. All kinds of vehicles are 
 manufactured, but a specialty is made of 
 fine carriages. A large stock of all kinds 
 of conveyances of his own manufacture 
 is kept on hand in a large repository ad- 
 joining his factory. Repairing is neatly 
 and promptly attended to, and made an 
 especial feature of the business. Only 
 the finest and best material is used and 
 the best class of workmen are employed, 
 while the various departments of work 
 are arranged with perfect system. Mr. 
 Walter is a native of Germany, was born 
 there in 1822, and was there educated, 
 came to America in 1851, and com- 
 menced his business with moderate means 
 and upon a comparatively small scale. 
 His business has assumed large propor- 
 tions, and is rapidly and constantly in- 
 creasing. 
 
 HUGH J. FEGAN, 
 Dealer in Wines and Liquors, 305 9th 
 street N. W. 
 This establishment is one of the most 
 complete places in this branch in the Dis- 
 trict. Located most centrally, the estab- 
 lishment of Mr. Fegan can be easily 
 reached by all street car lines, and all 
 orders are filled with the utmost punctu- 
 ality. Mr. Fegan opened his business 
 place in 1877, having been formerly con- 
 nected for many years with the rectifying 
 business, qualifying himself as an expert 
 in his business, with which he has been 
 connected for nearly twenty years. The 
 store-room occupies the entire ground 
 floor of No. 305 9th street N. W., cover- 
 ing an area of 30 x 100 feet. The trade 
 is almost exclusively in bottled wines and 
 liquors, and every brand on the long lists 
 of these is represented in large quantities. 
 Most of the foreign wines are directly im- 
 ported by the proprietor for the benefit 
 of his many patrons. Mr. Hugh Fegan 
 is the proprietor of the celebrated "Clover- 
 brook" brand of whiskeys. All the dif- 
 ferent brands of champagne are repre- 
 sented on the shelves, and for complete- 
 ness of stock cannot be excelled. He 
 also handles the goods of the Pleasant 
 Valley Wine Company, so well known for 
 the quality of its domestic wines. As a 
 wholesale house for imported ales and 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 215 
 
 porters, Fegan's has an established repu- 
 tation, and in these goods carries one of 
 the finest and largest assortments in the 
 capital. 
 
 J. RICHARD RIGGLES, 
 Dealer in Paints, Oils, Plate Glass, "Win- 
 dow Glass, &c, 712 K street N. W. 
 
 Among the many concerns which it is 
 a pleasure to mention, is the extensive 
 house of J. Richard Riggles, dealer in 
 paints, oils, &c, and located at 712 K 
 street N. W. In its general appoint- 
 ments and for the reliability and quality 
 of its goods it has gained an enviable 
 reputation. The business was established 
 in 1869 and occupies premises 22 x 50 
 feet in dimensions. Mr. Riggles keeps 
 on hand at all times a large stock of 
 paints, oils, varnishes, window glass, putty, 
 glues, zinc, white lead, and paint brushes 
 of all kinds, besides a complete assort- 
 ment of mixed paints of all colors and 
 shades ready for use. Artists' supplies of 
 all kinds, house and sign painters and 
 coach painters' supplies, and wax flower 
 material. Lamps and burning fluids are 
 also kept in stock. Mr. Riggles was born 
 in Belleville, 111., and educated in Wash- 
 ington, and is about 45 years of age. 
 During the war he was connected with 
 the Commissary Department four years 
 under Colonel Bell, and there did good 
 service for the Government. 
 
 ED. J. HANNAN, 
 Plumber, 517 11th street N. W. 
 The neat store or Mr. Ed. J. Hannan 
 at 517 11th street N. W., wdiere any and 
 everything can be purchased connected 
 with sanitary plumbing, is a model of 
 completeness. Being among the best ami 
 most experienced plumbers of the Dis- 
 trict, Mr. Hannan has been very success- 
 ful in building up an extensive business. 
 He employs on an average eight hands to 
 do the practical work, while he personally 
 superintends all work for the introduction 
 or alteration of the sanitary principle in 
 new or existing residences. Mr. Hannan 
 is a native of Ireland, where he was born 
 in 1849. When a child he came to this 
 country, and was raised and educated in 
 Baltimore. After having acquainted him- 
 self with all the details of his business he 
 established himself in the District in 1874, 
 
 since which period he has earned a repu- 
 tation as one of Washington's most skill- 
 ful sanitary plumbers. He is a member 
 of an association established in our midst 
 whose object it is to improve the character 
 of the plumbing business and to promote 
 its sanitary results in all its branches. 
 
 WILLIAM E. BURFORD, 
 Real Estate Broker and Auctioneer, 804 
 
 F street N. W., Le Droit Building. 
 
 Many residents of the District will have 
 appreciated the desirability of purchasing 
 property on the installment plan. It does 
 away with the payment of rents, while our 
 constant disbursements in the line of in- 
 stallments are like deposits in a savings 
 bank. In reviewing this point we will 
 find the fact established that the payment 
 of rents during a period of ten years rep- 
 resents an actual capital sufficient to buy 
 the property we inhabit. Mr. Burford 
 has made this system a specialty of his 
 business, and his long experience and 
 standing as a business man of integrity 
 has favored his success in that line. The 
 neat and complete office of Mr. Burford 
 is located on the ground floor of No. 804 
 F street, n. w., in the Le Droit Building. 
 He pays his personal attention to all other 
 branches of the real estate business, mak- 
 ing a specialty of the care and manage- 
 ment of estates and the collection of their 
 rents, his extensive business relations en- 
 abling him to negotiate loans of any 
 amount on mortgages and other first-class 
 securities. 
 
 M. SINSHEIMER, 
 Boarding, Livery, and Sale Stables, 
 
 Nos. 625 and 631 G street N. W. 
 One of the most favorably known and 
 ably conducted livery stables in Wash- 
 ington is that of M. Sinsheimer, at 625 
 and 631 G street northwest. The busi- 
 ness was established in 1879 at its present 
 location, where the premises occupied are 
 50x150 feet in dimensions, and are fitted 
 up in the most approved style, connected 
 by telephone with all parts of the city, 
 and kept open at all hours, day and night. 
 Mr. Sinsheimer has constantly on hand 
 the most stylish rigs to be found in the 
 city, comprising hacks, coupes, phaetons, 
 buggies, &c, with or without drivers; 
 
216 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 also a stock of about sixty horses selected 
 with an express view to the requirements 
 of customers for speed, style, and road 
 purposes, and some that are very desira- 
 ble for ladies' and gentlemen's saddle 
 horses. The stables are eligibly located 
 near the business centre of the city, in 
 close proximity to the principal hotels 
 and places of amusement. Mr. Sinshei- 
 mer was born and educated in Germany, 
 and came to America in 1871. He gives 
 special attention to every department of 
 his business, and being young and ener- 
 getic possesses all the elements of success. 
 
 H. M. DELLINGER, 
 
 Carpenter and Builder, shop 904 G street 
 
 N.W. 
 
 Mr. Dellinger has for many years en- 
 joyed the distinction of being one of the 
 most prominent builders and contractors 
 in Washington. He started in business 
 in 1842, and is one of the oldest carpen- 
 ters and builders in this city, having in 
 his 42 years' career built or had contracts 
 upon some of the largest and most prom- 
 inent buildings in this city. He occupies 
 premises at 904 G street 18 x 32 feet in 
 dimensions, and gives employment to 5 
 workmen, in the busy season his force 
 being augmented to 15 or 20. He is pre- 
 pared to execute any work in his line, 
 but makes a specialty of repairing houses, 
 adding new stories, and putting in new 
 fronts. He has had the contracts for 
 many important improvements in various 
 parts of the city, among which are the 
 handsome front of Seaton Perry's house, 
 on Pennsylvania avenue, and remodeling 
 the building at the corner of 17th street 
 and Pennsylvania avenue, now used as 
 the Paymaster General's office, and many 
 others. Mr. Dellinger is a native of 
 Maryland, and was born in Washington 
 County of that State, in 1822, and received 
 his education in Williamsport, Md. 
 
 eller on F street, between 13th and 14th, 
 in 1855, moving to his present location in 
 1863. He here occupies a building 20 x 
 100 feet, with a work room 15 x 24, and 
 uses a 2-horse power engine as a motor. 
 Employment is given to a force of com- 
 petent workmen, including himself and 
 son, who are experts in this branch of 
 business. Mr. Seltman is a native of 
 Saxony, where he learned his trade, com- 
 ing to America in 1854. His son Robert 
 is a native of Washington and is an able 
 lieutenant in his father's shop. Mr. Selt- 
 man makes a specialty of patterns of 
 casts for architects and machinists, and 
 some of his more prominent work is seen 
 in the Treasury building, Masonic Tem- 
 ple, War Department, Patent Office, and 
 National Museum. He was for 8 years 
 employed by the Government on the work 
 in the Treasury Department. 
 
 CHARLES SELTMAN, 
 
 Carver and Modeller, 713 8th street, bet. 
 
 G and H streets. 
 
 This experienced gentleman has for 
 many years been identified with the busi- 
 ness interests of this city, and is one of 
 the leading representatives of this branch 
 of industry in Washington. He first 
 established himself as a carver and mod- 
 
 EDWARD STOLPE, 
 Gold, Silver and Nickel Plating, Bronz- 
 ing and Gilding, 609 7th st. N. W. 
 
 As an industrial branch of the various 
 pursuits the art of gold, silver, and nickel 
 plating, bronzing and gilding has of late 
 years assumed large proportions in Wash- 
 ington. It requires only a cursory glance 
 at the business of Edward Stolpe at 609 
 7th street to place him as one of the fore- 
 most in this line of business in the city. 
 This business establishment was com- 
 menced in 1864, and occupies premises 
 10 x 30 feet in dimensions. Gold, silver 
 and nickel plating, bronzing and gilding, 
 and metal work of every description is 
 carried on, and jewels, badges, checks and 
 medals are manufactured, student and all 
 kinds of lamps being a specialty. Mr. 
 Stolpe is an inventive genius as well as a 
 mechanic, and has invented a safety lamp 
 where oils are used in a perfectly safe 
 manner. He has also invented and pat- 
 ented several improvements in lamps, and 
 also a binder and paper-file which is use- 
 ful and complete. Mr. Stolpe was born 
 in Germany in 1838, and was there edu- 
 cated. Since establishing his business in 
 this city he has acquired a good business 
 reputation, and from present indications 
 a considerable increase in his facilities 
 must soon be made to meet the steadily 
 increasing demand for his work. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 217 
 
 EDWARDS & SON, 
 
 Marble, Granite, & Brown Stone Yard, 
 
 2519 K street N. W. 
 
 The well-known proprietor of this es- 
 tablishment was born in Liverpool, Eng- 
 land, 53 years ago, and came to America 
 20 years since, where he became superin- 
 tendent for Henry Perry, for whom he 
 came to Washington to put up some work 
 in the Bank division of the Treasury De- 
 partment in 1866. Soon afterwards he 
 associated himself with Mr. Walker, re- 
 taining a partnership with him until 
 1883, when his son, John Elias Edwards, 
 was admitted to partnership, the firm as- 
 suming the above title. They occupy 
 grounds at their present location 48 x 150 
 feet in dimensions, with office and work 
 sheds. Some of the more notable speci- 
 mens of their handiwork are seen in the 
 Garfield Memorial Church, City Orphan 
 Asylum, and the O and 7th-Street School- 
 houses, the latter being acknowledged as 
 the finest specimen of work in the city. 
 They contract for all kinds of stone work 
 and monumental work, in both of which 
 they are doing a large and rapidly in- 
 creasing business. 
 
 CAVANAUGH & WALSH, 
 
 Painters, 706 12th street, bet. G and H 
 
 streets N. W, 
 
 The industrial arts of the city of Wash- 
 ington are well represented, and some of 
 the more extensive firms display produc- 
 tions of great merit in the line of sign 
 and house painting. This is notably the 
 case with the firm of Cavnaugh & Walsh, 
 706 12th street N. W. This firm was es- 
 tablished in 1877. It is one of the most 
 perfectly equipped firms of the kind in 
 the city to undertake contracts of large 
 dimensions, and the proprietors have 
 painted, grained or kalsomined a large 
 number of the more prominent houses in 
 the District, and are now conducting a 
 live business in the matter of house paint- 
 ing. Both gentlemen were born and ed- 
 ucated in Virginia and came to Washing- 
 ton in 1867. It is an enterprising firm, 
 and each member had many years of ex- 
 perience before forming a partnership. 
 Under their able and judicious manage- 
 ment the business of the house has con- 
 siderably increased, and its affairs are 
 to-day in a more prosperous condition 
 
 than ever before, while its resources are 
 such as to enable them to do any required 
 amount of work and at lowest ruling 
 rates, and with satisfaction to all who 
 may extend them patronage. 
 
 GLENN BROWN, 
 Architect, No, 607 Louisiana Avenue. 
 Mr. Glenn Brown, the architect at No. 
 607 Louisiana avenue, has conducted busi- 
 ness here for a number of years, and has 
 achieved a reputation second to none for 
 skillful and artistic workmanship. Mr. 
 Brown is a native of Virginia, and was 
 educated in Boston at the Institute of 
 Technology. At Hartford he was em- 
 ployed as a draftsman and clerk of work 
 by the National Union Building Company. 
 He established himself in this city in his 
 present location in 1878. Among some 
 of his work we find the Keep building, 
 National Union Insurance building, G. 
 F. Timms' clothing store, and several 
 other stores. Mr. Brown makes sanita- 
 tion a specialty, and in it has attained a 
 high degree of success. 
 
 WM. T. WILSON, 
 Blacksmith and Wagon Builder, 627 
 New York Avenue N. W. 
 Among the important enterprises of 
 Washington is the establishment of Wm. 
 T. Wilson, wagon builder, located at 627 
 New York avenue, This business was 
 established in 1846, and the present 
 premises have been occupied since 1879, 
 and are 20 x 80 feet in dimensions. Em- 
 ployment is given to a force of four hands 
 in the manufacturing of spring and lum- 
 ber wagons, fine repairing being made a 
 prominent specialty, although facilities 
 are to be found to do any work in the 
 line of wagon building. The best mate- 
 rial is used and first-class workmen are 
 employed, and satisfaction is given in 
 every case. Mr. Wilson is a native of 
 Washington, having been born here in 
 1821, and here received his education. 
 For 38 years he has been engaged in the 
 business of wagon building, and thor- 
 oughly understands the business in all its 
 branches, and has established a reputa- 
 tion for the faithful execution of all work 
 entrusted to him with promptness and 
 satisfaction. 
 
218 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 T. P. COLE, 
 Pharmacist, 824 12th street N. W. 
 Mr. Thaddeus P. Cole came to Wash- 
 ington from Frederick City, Md., 19 years 
 ago, and has been located at his present 
 stand since 1879. Previous to entering 
 business for himself he was a clerk in 
 several of the oldest representative houses 
 of pharmacy in the District of Colum- 
 bia. Mr. Cole has a handsome store 25 
 x 40 feet in size, well stocked with drugs, 
 chemicals, perfumeries, fancy goods, toilet 
 requisites, fancy articles, and a general 
 line of goods usually carried in metropol- 
 itan drug houses. He has established 
 himself in a constantly improving neigh- 
 borhood, and from a small beginning has 
 built up an excellent permanent as well 
 as transient custom. He has had a long 
 experience in the dispensing of pharma- 
 ceutical preparations, his specialty being 
 the compounding of ph) 7 sicians' prescrip- 
 tions. Mr. Cole has a well-known repu- 
 tation for the purity and efficacy of his 
 medicines and the mature judgment 
 always exercised by him in their prepara- 
 tion. 
 
 A. HANLON, 
 
 Dealer in Groceries, Teas, "Wines and 
 
 Liquors, No. 1444 32d St., cor. P st. 
 
 The city of Washington is not behind 
 her sister cities in the extent and magni- 
 tude of its wholesale grocery houses, and 
 the enterprise which characterizes her 
 representative firms in this branch of busi- 
 ness cannot be surpassed in any American 
 city. The well-known and reliable house 
 of A. Hanlon, doing business in this line, 
 was established in 1861, and occupies 
 premises 30 x 150 feet in dimensions, three 
 stories high, and gives employment to five 
 clerks. In 1881 he built his present large 
 and handsome store, the most complete 
 for the business to be found in the Dis- 
 trict. A large wholesale and retail busi- 
 ness is carried on, which is constantly in- 
 creasing, extending throughout the Dis- 
 trict and into Maryland and Virginia. 
 A large and splendidly assorted stock 
 of everything pertaining to a first-class 
 grocery establishment is in stock, while a 
 specialty is made of fine flour, of which 
 he keeps constantly on hand a stock of 
 all kinds and the choicest brands. A 
 general line of staple and fancy groceries, 
 
 teas, coffees, spices, canned goods and 
 grocers' sundries is also carried. Mr. 
 Hanlon was born and educated in Ire- 
 land, and came to this country in 1865. 
 His success has been due to his indom- 
 itable energy and enterprise, having com- 
 menced the business with very limited 
 means, which he has built up to its present 
 proportions. He is a clear-headed busi- 
 ness man, a good manager, and one of 
 the leading representatives in his line of 
 trade. 
 
 HENRY T. RIES, 
 
 Wagons and Carriages, 635 and 637 
 
 New York Avenue. 
 
 The city of Washington, noted far and 
 wide as the most beautiful city on the con- 
 tinent, possesses many establishments en- 
 gaged in this branch of commerce, but 
 none more deserving of prominent con- 
 sideration than that of Mr. Henry T. Ries, 
 635 and 637 New York avenue. The 
 house was originally founded in 1865, and 
 established at its present location in 1877, 
 where the premises occupied are 34 x 115 
 feet in dimensions, and a force of three 
 hands are employed. A specialty is made 
 of manufacturing fine wagons and car- 
 riages, but he has facilities for doing any 
 class of work, all material used being of 
 the best, and first-class workmen only are • 
 employed. Mr. Henry T. Bies was born 
 in Germany in 1839, and received his edu- 
 cation there, and came to this country in 
 1857. His long experience and thorough 
 practical knowledge of the branch of busi- 
 ness he follows is a sufficient guarantee 
 that all orders entrusted to him will be 
 promptly and faithfully executed. His 
 business was commenced in a small way, 
 and by his own individual exertions it 
 has increased to one of the leading fac- 
 tories of the city. 
 
 GEORGE T. RAUB, 
 
 Manufacturer of Soap, Neat's Foot Oil, 
 
 Soft Soap, etc., 1416 Ohio Avenue. 
 
 Among the important enterprises of 
 Washington is the establishment of Geo. 
 T. Raub, manufacturer of soap, neat's foot 
 oil, soft soap, &c, at 1416 Ohio avenue, 
 besides extensive works at Four Mile Run, 
 where the heavy work is done on a farm 
 of 200 acres. The business was estab- 
 lished in 1848, and occupies premises 150 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 219 
 
 x 150 feet in dimensions, and gives em- 
 ployment to ten hands. There is manu- 
 factured and kept for sale bar soap, neat's 
 foot oil, soft soap, bone dust, natural lu- 
 bricating oils, bone flour, tallow, lard oil, 
 and the special brands " Jeweline" and 
 "Parnell" soaps. Commencing with a 
 small capital, this concern has constantly 
 grown as a natural result of the increas- 
 ing energy of its proprietor, and now car- 
 ries an ample stock which is sufficient to 
 meet all demands. The steam boiler used 
 for this work is of large capacity and of 
 the most modern construction. The house 
 enjoys a liberal home trade besides ship- 
 ping large quantities to all parts of the 
 United States. Mr. Raub was born in 
 the State of Pennsylvania in 1816, and 
 there received his education, and the repu- 
 tation that he has made for himself as a 
 business man gives him a prominent po- 
 sition as one of the leading manufacturers 
 of the city. 
 
 HENRY SEBILLE, 
 Pine Boots and Shoes, 722 17th st. N. W. 
 A first-class shoemaker and one who 
 makes a specialty of fine work to order 
 is Mr. Henry Sebille, a native of Paris, 
 France, where he was born in 1836, and 
 received a common school education at a 
 small town near Paris, coming to this 
 country in 1867. The house was for- 
 merly known as Sebille & Russet, but in 
 1883 Mr. Sebille bought out the interest 
 of his partmer, and maintains the busi- 
 ness alone at its former location, 722 17th 
 street N. W., where he occupies premises 
 20x20 feet in dimensions, and devotes his 
 energies exclusively to fine hand-made 
 custom work, and all orders given him 
 receive prompt attention. He is an affa- 
 ble and agreeable gentleman, well and 
 favorably known, and although his busi- 
 ness is unpretentions he deservedly sus- 
 tains a high reputation for good work. 
 
 JAMES O'HAGAN, 
 
 Slumber, Gas, and Steam Fitter, 
 
 1917 Penna. ave. N. W. 
 
 One of the leading houses engaged in 
 this important branch of industry is that of 
 James O'Hagan, of 1917 Penna. avenue, 
 where the business has been successfully 
 conducted sinne the year of its establish- 
 ment in 1867. The store occupied is 
 
 25x60 feet in dimensions, and four hands 
 are employed, and a general plumbing 
 and gas fitting business is done, beside 
 carrying a general stock in his line of 
 trade. Mr. O'Hagan makes a specialty 
 in the mechanical line of plumbing, gas 
 and steam fitting, carries in stock the 
 most complete assortment of fine gas 
 chandeliers and brackets to be found in 
 the city. Mr. O'Hagan is a native of 
 Ireland, and was partially educated 
 there, and came to America in 1852. 
 His long experience has given him a 
 thorough understanding of his business, 
 so that when his services are called into 
 requisition his customers feel satisfied that 
 the work will be performed faithfully and 
 well. 
 
 T. S. GARTRELL, 
 
 Boots and Shoes, 900 7th street, cor. I 
 
 N. W. 
 
 Foremost among those in this branch of 
 trade is T. S. Gartrell, of 900 7th street 
 N. W. This business was established in 
 1867, and occupies premises 22x75 feet 
 dimensions, and employs six workmen 
 and clerks. The stock is one of general 
 manufacture, and consists of a medium 
 and fine line of standard goods, the house 
 making a specialty of ladies' and gents' 
 fine hand-sewed goods. The premises are 
 admirably adapted for the trade, and Mr. 
 Gartrell has a large and reliable patron- 
 age, which, although in the main, is con- 
 fined to this city, has also reached to the 
 surrounding country. He is a native of 
 Washington, and here received a colle- 
 giate education. He is well and favora- 
 bly known in the business community 
 and District generally as a gentleman of 
 staunch business principles. 
 
 H. HOFFA, 
 
 Watch Materials, Tools, Optical Goods, 
 & "Wholesale Jeweler, 624 Penna. ave. 
 
 This establishment was started in 1854, 
 and its proprietor enjoys at present a 
 prosperous business and one that is stead- 
 il}'- increasing. The premises have a 
 frontage of twenty-five feet running back 
 to sixty feet, and this space is devoted to 
 a well selected stock of jewelry, watches, 
 clocks, &c. Mr. Hoffa is best known, 
 however, for the excellence of the watch 
 materials, tools, and optical goods which 
 
220 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 he has in stock. He is a thorough busi- 
 ness man, and is regarded as one of 
 Washington's steadiest merchants. He 
 was born in Germany, and came to this 
 country in 1846. He served for a short 
 time in the Union army, where he had a 
 good record as a faithful and patriotic 
 soldier. Like most sons of Germany he 
 has fine business attainments, and is well 
 known in business circles of Washington 
 as being no small factor in the commer- 
 cial history of the Capital. 
 
 J. F. SPELSHOUSE, 
 
 Paper Hanger and Dealer in Window 
 
 Shades, &c, 521 7th street N. W. 
 
 The industrial arts of the city of 
 Washington are well represented, and 
 some of the more extensive houses display 
 productions of great merit. The above 
 house does a fine business in the line of 
 picture frames, cornices, window shades, 
 and paper hangings. The establishment 
 of Mr. Spelshouse is one of the most per- 
 fectly equipped concerns in the city, and 
 was established in 1873. It occupies 
 premises 20 x 75 feet in dimensions, being 
 large, attractive, and handsomely fitted 
 up. Employment is given to 6 hands, 
 and a large stock of picture frames, cor- 
 nices, window shades, paper hangings, 
 &c, is carried, a specialty being made of 
 hanging paper ; and the decoration of 
 some of the finest mansions in Washing- 
 ton has been done by this house. Mr. 
 Spelshouse was born and educated in 
 Maryland, and since establishing himself 
 in Washington has conducted a live bus- 
 iness in his line. He has lately added to 
 his stock a number of fine specimens of 
 engravings and oil paintings. By his 
 liberality and promptness in all his trans- 
 actions he has built up the success which 
 has already attended his enterprise, which 
 is but a deserved tribute to the high char- 
 acter of his business. 
 
 FRANKLIN MARKET, 
 
 Bates & Wood, Proprietors, corner 12th 
 
 and K streets. 
 
 The above firm, although standing 
 among the foremost in this section of the 
 city, has been established only five 
 months, and in that short space of time 
 has stepped into a fine and rapidly grow- 
 in"- trade, which is extending among the 
 
 best class of people in this city, owing to 
 the standard of goods kept in stock. The 
 premises occupied are about 40 x 40 feet 
 in dimensions and finely located and well 
 arranged for conducting the business. 
 Employment is given to one assistant, and 
 one wagon is used to deliver goods to cus- 
 tomers in that section of the city. The 
 stock is entirely new and consists of gro- 
 ceries, provisions, fresh meats, butter, 
 eggs, cheese, milk, cigars, tobacco, &c. — 
 in fact, everything pertaining to a first- 
 class market store. The individual mem- 
 bers of the house are W. C. Bates, who 
 was born and educated in Washington, 
 and Mr. A. N. Wood, who is a native of 
 New York and was educated in that State, 
 having been a resident of Washington 
 since 1883. Both gentlemen are practi- 
 cal business men, whose future prospects 
 promise them a still more substantial 
 success. 
 
 E. D. CLAPP, 
 
 Originating Mechanician and Practical 
 
 Machinist, 812 9th street N. W. 
 
 With the improved condition of the 
 country the normal energies assert them- 
 selves and stimulate that enterprise which 
 favors the formation and establishing of 
 business of all kinds. In this connection 
 we mension Mr. E. D. Clapp, of 812 9th 
 street. There is no similar enterprise in 
 the city more conspicuous than the shop 
 of Mr. Clapp in facilities enjoyed or the 
 ability to compete in all classes of work 
 in which he is engaged, or in quality of 
 work and rates. The business was es- 
 tablished in 1855, but has been at this 
 location only since 1870, where the prem- 
 ises occupied are 20x40 feet in dimen- 
 sions. Models, patterns, and light ma- 
 chinery is made, and experimental ma- 
 chinery of all kinds designed and built 
 to order. Patterns for iron or brass cast- 
 ings, models for patents, &c. are made, 
 and satisfaction in every case is guaran- 
 teed, as Mr. Clapp is a mechanician and 
 practical machinist. Mr. Clapp was born 
 and educated in Massachusetts, and came 
 to Washington in 1855. During the War 
 of the Rebellion he was for a time con- 
 nected with the ordnance and engineer- 
 ing department of the army, and there 
 by his skill as a mechanic and practical 
 engineering rendered much good service 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 221 
 
 and won an honorable record. He has 
 had a thorough business training and ex- 
 perience which has contributed in bring- 
 ing about the success which he has 
 achieved. His business is growing rapidly, 
 and is now strong and prosperous, with 
 fine prospects for the future. 
 
 DYER & SCULLY, 
 
 Contractors and Builders, 27th street, 
 
 between land K. 
 
 In the various avenues of trade which 
 our increasing commerce has opened, few 
 have a better reputation than the planing 
 mill of Dyer & Scully, of 27th street. 
 They occupy grounds 90 x 150 feet, the 
 planing mill being 90 x 60 feet and two 
 stories high. The power is furnished by 
 a 30-horse power engine and employment 
 is given to from 10 to 30 hands, as the 
 exigencies of the business require. They 
 manufacture sash, doors, blinds, moldings, 
 brackets, modillions, balusters, window 
 frames, and also take contracts for build- 
 ings and all carpenter work. Mr. Scully 
 in 1883 purchased the interest of J. F. 
 Dyer in the firm, thus forming the present 
 firm of Dyer & Scully. Mr. Dyer is a 
 native of Washington, while Mr. Scully 
 is a native of Williamsport, Pa. They 
 are both practical builders and mechan- 
 ics, and to this fact and to their straight- 
 forward manner of conducting their bus- 
 iness they owe their large and growing 
 business. 
 
 JAMES F. BRIEN, 
 
 Practical Plumber, Steam & Gas Fitter, 
 
 1542 9th street N. W. 
 
 This representative business house was 
 established in the Capital in 1863, consti- 
 tuting it one of the oldest first-class 
 houses in the plumbing, heating and ven- 
 tilating business in Washington. A 
 practical experience of more than twenty 
 years, places Mr. Brien at the head of 
 his profession. He makes a specialty of 
 sanitary plumbing and the establishment 
 of all the necessary appliances in newly 
 built houses, on sanitary principles, while 
 he pays his personal attention to the ex- 
 amination of old plumbing work with a 
 view to its proper sanitary arrangement. 
 A large force of experienced and skilled 
 mechanics is always in readiness to attend 
 promptly to all orders made, thus enabl- 
 
 ing Mr. Brien to guarantee satisfaction. 
 Mr. James F. Brien is a native of Balti- 
 more. He came to Washington in 1861 
 and established his business in 1863. 
 
 NEW YORK SLATE AND MARBLE 
 
 MANTEL MANUFACTORY, 
 493 to 497 C st. N. W., M. Roche, Prop. 
 
 One of the most prominent and best 
 known houses in this line is the one whose 
 name appears at the head of this article. 
 The business was establised in 1880, and 
 occupies a building 65x32 feet in dimen- 
 sions, and two stories high, the business 
 giving employment to from ten to twenty- 
 five workmen, according to time of year 
 and state of trade. Mr. Roche is a native 
 of New York. He learned his trade in 
 Chicago, where he remained for eight 
 years, afterward returning to New York, 
 and subsequently coming to Washington 
 in 1872 as superintendent for Tourmey's 
 Marble W orks, with whom he remained 
 four years, when he established the above 
 business. He deals in and manufactures 
 headstones, monuments, and plumbers' 
 slabs, and deals in parlor grates, Latrobes, 
 andirons, and gas logs. He makes a spe- 
 cialty of slate and marble mantels. 
 
 L. R. TREMBLY, 
 
 Pictures, Frames, Mirrors, 
 
 527 7th st. N. W. 
 
 Among the industrial pursuits and 
 leading manufacturing interests of this 
 city and District, there are none more 
 prominent than that of L. R. Trembly, 
 manufacturer and dealer in picture 
 frames, pictures, and mirrors, at 527 7th 
 street. The building was established in 
 1867, and occupies handsome and well 
 located premises 20x75 feet in dimensions. 
 The arrangements are adapted and espe- 
 cially suited to the mechanical and oper- 
 ative branches of the business in the 
 various departments in which the skilled 
 labor and ingeniously devised machinery 
 produce such fine results. The articles 
 produced embrace picture frames of every 
 description, style, and size, square and 
 oval and rustic ; mouldings of all kinds, 
 fine gold frames ; also rosewood, walnut, 
 ebony, veneer, and imitations of walnut, 
 &c, material for frames, together with 
 any style of mirror frames, from the 
 plainest to the most elaborate, are carried, 
 
222 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 and mirrors of every size and description 
 and pictures are kept in stock. Mr. 
 Trembly, the proprietor, was born in 
 New York in 1852, and was educated 
 there and in this city. Since commenc- 
 ing business here he has made himself 
 thoroughly familiar with every detail of 
 his business, and is a young man of en- 
 ergy and good busiuess qualifications. 
 
 FRED. G. ATKINSON, 
 Architect, No. 1421 New York Avenue. 
 The introduction among our scientific 
 men of foreign professionals, bringing 
 with them to our shores the benefit of the 
 education in the older universities of the 
 eastern hemisphere, is a matter of con- 
 gratulation. Mr. Fred. G. Atkinson, a 
 professional architect, is mentioned as a 
 representative of European ideas in this 
 science. He is a native of Great Britain, 
 and came to our shores in 1880, at once 
 beginning the practice of his profession 
 as a thoroughly educated and skilled 
 architect in New York city. His talent 
 and attainments were soon well known, 
 and his services and advice solicited. The 
 construction of many important buildings 
 in the great metropolis was entrusted to 
 his care, and the "Asylum for the Insane " 
 near New York will be a lasting manu- 
 rnent to him and his colleagues. Mr. 
 Atkinson, attracted by the business pros- 
 pects of the Capital and the general 
 tendency toward a superior class of archi- 
 tecture in Washington, established him- 
 self in our midst in 1882. He was very 
 successful in securing the designing and 
 construction of many of our prominent 
 buildings. He has since remained in our 
 midst, and the general reputation of his 
 professional qualifications will enable him 
 undoubtedly to secure a large share of 
 patronage as among the best architects of 
 the District of Columbia. 
 
 H. W. RICHARDSON, 
 Groceries and Provisions, 1801 14th st. 
 
 Among the more important houses de- 
 voted to this business in the northern 
 portion of the city is that of Mr. H. W. 
 Richardson, located at 1801 14th street 
 N.W. This business was founded by the 
 present proprietor about six years ago, 
 and from the start has had a large pat- 
 ronage from the best families located in 
 
 that section of the city, and a business 
 that is constantly on the increase. The 
 premises occupied are finely located and 
 well arranged for conducting the business 
 and displaying the goods, being about 
 30 x 30 feet in dimensions. A fine- 
 selected supply of choice family groceries, 
 cigars, tobacco, canned goods, provisions, 
 fruits, teas, and coffees, and everything 
 pertaining to a first-class grocery and 
 provision store is carried in stock. Mr. 
 Richardson was born and educated in 
 Maryland, and has been a resident of 
 Washington about six years, during 
 which time he has been connected with 
 the commercial interests of the city, and 
 has won a worthy and honorable record. 
 His success has been gained by a close 
 devotion to business and attending to the 
 wants of his patrons. 
 
 CHARLES S. DENHAM & CO., 
 Carpenter and Jobber, 1900 H street. 
 
 A firm that aims to execute the most 
 finished workmanship is Charles S. Den- 
 ham & Co. at No. 1900 H street. They 
 have had practical and mechanical edu- 
 cations in active service, having served 
 their time at the trade of carpenters and 
 builders, and had a thorough professional 
 training. They make a specialty of pri- 
 vate residences and jobbing. The busi- 
 ness was established in 1869 at Washing- 
 ton Circle, but in 1880 it was removed to 
 its present location, where they occupy a 
 building 22 x 6Q feet, employing 12 or 
 more hands in the busy part of the year, 
 Mr. Denham, the head of the firm, is a 
 native of Washington, 47 years of age, 
 and commenced learning his trade at the 
 early age of fifteen, and since that time 
 he has planned and erected many promi- 
 nent buildings, and has won a name for 
 integrity that is second to none of his 
 business associates. 
 
 P. DALY, 
 
 Purveyor of Imported Groceries, 2.110 
 
 H street. 
 
 The most prominent industry of the 
 city is probably the grocery and pro- 
 vision trade. Among the more promi- 
 nent of the houses handling this class of 
 goods in the city is that of P. Daly, lo- 
 cated at 2110 H street N.W. This busi- 
 ness was established about 18 years ago 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 223 
 
 by the present proprietor, and from the 
 very date of its inception it found favor 
 with the public, and has since retained it 
 and increased its patronage daily. The 
 store occupies premises neatly and well 
 arranged to display goods and properly 
 conduct the busiuess, it being 30 x 100 
 feet in dimensions and three stories high. 
 Employment is given to two assistants, 
 who are thoroughly acquainted with the 
 business in every branch, and one wagon 
 is used to deliver goods to his patrons in 
 all parts of the city. Fine family and 
 imported groceries are the specialty of 
 this house, and canned goods, teas, and 
 coffees, and all goods pertaining to a first- 
 class grocery house, can always be found 
 in stock. Mr. Daly was born and edu- 
 cated in Ireland and has been a resident 
 of Washington about 25 years. 
 
 G. W. FORSBERG, 
 Fresco Painter, 713 15th street. 
 
 Perhaps the leading house of Wash- 
 ington in the way of fresco painting is 
 that of Mr. G. W. Forsberg, at 713 15th 
 street. This business was established in 
 1870, and occupies neat and convenient 
 premises at the above location. Employ- 
 ment is given to from 10 to 15 workmen, 
 and all kinds of painting is done, a spe- 
 cialty being made of fresco work. In 
 the house painting department he has 
 superior facilities for doing all kinds of 
 work, exterior and interior. Glass of all 
 kinds is selected and set, and gilding, 
 bronzing, oiling, varnishing, polishing, 
 staining, and general house work is at- 
 tended to promptly. In the decoration 
 department of his business he refers to 
 the work done in various private resi- 
 dences, public buildings, halls, churches, 
 &c. His past experience enables him to 
 comprehend readily any ideas suggested 
 to him, and to carry out with success the 
 tastes of those enjoying his services. To 
 aid his patrons in the proper completion 
 of their interior fittings he will, if desired, 
 give his personal attention to the selec- 
 draperies, carpets, gas fixtures, panels, 
 tion and adaptation of wall papers, 
 tiles, &c, and to arrange everything 
 appertaining to tasteful harmony in apart- 
 ments of every character. Mr. Forsberg 
 was born and educated in Washington, 
 and is about 32 years of age. He visited 
 
 Europe last year and studied carefully 
 the different frescoes and styles of house 
 decoration. Mr. Forsberg is also an artist 
 in oil, and his productions in this line 
 rank with the leading artists of our city, 
 his studio being located in the Corcoran 
 building. 
 
 W. F. McFARLAND, 
 
 Livery and Sale Stables, No. 3289 M 
 
 street. 
 
 One of the finest and most thoroughly 
 equipped livery establishments in this city 
 is the one conducted by W. F. McFarland, 
 3289 M street, which was established by 
 the present proprietor in 1883. The prem- 
 ises are large and convenient, being 50 x 
 250 feet in extent. A fine lot of horses, 
 carriages, buggies, barouches, phaetons, 
 and road wagons, saddle horses, &c, are 
 kept for hire. Horses are taken by single 
 feed or boarded by the week or month, 
 and employment is given to 4 hands. His 
 facilities for furnishing first-class turnouts 
 to individuals or parties are unsurpassed, 
 and his prices are as low as any in the 
 city. Horses are bought and sold on 
 commission and prompt returns made, his 
 personal attention being given to the sales 
 department, he being a thorough judge 
 of horseflesh, and entirely reliable in all 
 his transactions. Mr. McFarland was 
 born in Loudoun county, Virginia, and 
 was there educated, and came to the Dis- 
 trict in 1883. 
 
 W. F. OGLE, 
 Painter, 1301 Rhode Island Avenue. 
 The healthy and cleanly appearance of 
 the houses of Washington is the cause of 
 common remark of the many visitors to 
 the capital. This neat appearance is due 
 in a great measure to the painter's brush, 
 and among the many painters who have 
 helped to make the city what it is in ap- 
 pearance, and among the leading house 
 painters of the city, is Mr. W. F. Ogle, 
 located at 1301 Rhode Island avenue. 
 This business has been located at this 
 number since February of this year, al- 
 though Mr. Ogle has been identified with 
 the painting business in the District a 
 number of years. Employment is given 
 to from three to seven assistants, as the 
 season and contracts require, all of whom 
 are engaged for their thorough knowledge 
 
224 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 of the business. House painting, glazing, 
 and graining are the specialties of the 
 business, and many of the best and finest 
 private residences of the city show his 
 skill in decoration. Mr. Ogle was born 
 and educated in the District, and is a 
 thorough and practical artist in his line, 
 his success having been gained by the 
 general superiority of his work. 
 
 H. MARKWARD, 
 House Painter, 618 G street N. W. 
 Among those in the foremost rank in 
 this business stands Mr. H. Markward, 
 house painter, of 618 G street N.W. Mr. 
 Markward established his business in 1875 
 and occupies premises 12 x 20 feet in di- 
 mensions, giving employment to six first- 
 class workmen. House painting is the 
 only kind of work done by this gentle- 
 man, and the number and prominence of 
 his contracts speak for the popularity of 
 his work. Among some of his more 
 notable work we mention the fine and 
 elegant residence of Hon. J. G. Blaine 
 and the Berliner Mansion of Columbia 
 road. He has also done work for the 
 Treasury Department and Patent Office, 
 and has in all cases given entire satisfac- 
 tion. Mr. Markward was a member of 
 the 5th Maryland Cavalry during the war 
 of the Rebellion, and a part of the time 
 was connected with the ambulance corps, 
 his term of service altogether amounting 
 to near five years. He was born and 
 educated in Washington and is about 37 
 years of age. Is a young man who has 
 displayed aptitude for business that places 
 him as one who is an important factor in 
 the commercial history of the city as well 
 as its industrial interests. 
 
 S. M. PLUMLEY, 
 Carpenter and Builder, 639 Mass. Ave. 
 Mr. Plumley established his business in 
 this city in 1864. He was born in Trenton, 
 N. J., in 1840, and was educated in that 
 State, learning his trade at Princeton. 
 He first came to Washington in 1862, 
 and worked at his trade by the day until 
 he established his present flourishing bus- 
 iness, since which time he has built up a 
 fine patronage. Mr. Plumley makes a 
 specialty of repairing, which is done 
 promptly and well. The most of his at- 
 tention has thus far been directed to pri- 
 
 vate residences, of which he has built 
 many that do much credit to his skill and 
 aid materially in beautifying the city. 
 Those contemplating building could not 
 do better than to consult Mr. Plumley 
 before giving the contract, as he always 
 has an ample force of workmen — from 5 
 to 25 or upwards — and other facilities, 
 enabling him to take a job of any extent 
 and to complete it expeditiously and at 
 the same time guarantee good work. 
 
 THOMAS L. CROPLEY, 
 Pharmacist, 3269 M st. 
 
 Among the leading pharmacists of the 
 District is Mr. Thomas L. Cropley at 
 3269 M street. The location is most con- 
 venient, having been for the past half a 
 century used for the purpose of a drug- 
 store. The premises are 21 x 90 feet in 
 dimensions with a handsome pressed brick 
 front, in which he became established in 
 1871. He carries a full and judiciously 
 selected stock of medicines, chemicals, 
 drugs, patent medicines, &c, also toilet 
 articles, perfumery, sponges, brushes, &c, 
 in fact everything pertaining to a first- 
 class establishment. Employment is given 
 to two assistants, and prescriptions are 
 compounded with skill, jmnnptness and 
 accuracy. Beside his city trade the tran- 
 sient patronage is large. Mr. Cropley 
 was born and educated in the District, 
 and is a young man who is very popular, 
 and is a member of the Potomac Boat 
 Club. He has had a long experience in 
 the drug business, and his practical 
 knowledge of all its branches and facili- 
 ties for properly conducting it are unsur- 
 passed. 
 
 JOHN W. SHILES & SON, 
 
 Lumber Dealer, &c, No. 346 Maryland 
 
 Avenue S.W. 
 
 Among the industrial pursuits and 
 leading manufacturing interests of this 
 city is the lumber business of John W. 
 Shiles & Son, at 346 Maryland avenue. 
 The business was established in 1850 by 
 Fowler & Shiles, who were succeeded by 
 Shiles & Son in 1880. The premises oc- 
 cupied are 150 by 250 feet in dimensions, 
 and give employment to five workmen. 
 They have a large stock of lumber of 
 every description, also doors, sash, blinds, 
 lath, and shingles. They use the utmost 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 225 
 
 care in securing stock, which they pur- 
 chase in the open market, and are able 
 to offer unsurpassed inducements to those 
 interested in buying. The facilities they 
 enjoy and the large transactions extend- 
 ing to all parts of the District arid sur- 
 rounding country of Maryland and Vir- 
 ginia, give them a prominence among the 
 leading business houses of the city. They 
 secure goods upon the most advantageous 
 terms, and make it a rule to divide with 
 their patrons all such benefits. Mr. John 
 W. Shiles was born in Ohio, and came 
 here when very young, and was here 
 reared and educated. C. W. Shiles, his 
 son and partner in business, was born here 
 in the District, and educated at Lavel 
 College, Delaware. 
 
 WILLIAM KOLB, 
 
 Carpenter and Builder, 518 New Jersey 
 
 avenue. 
 
 Among those who may be mentioned 
 as being leaders in this line of industry 
 in the city of Washington is Mr. William 
 Kolb, carpenter and builder, located at 
 518 New Jersey avenue. Mr. Kolb has 
 been established in the city of Washing- 
 ton in this business about 10 years, and 
 commencing in a small manner, he finds 
 himself to-day most prominent among the 
 representatives of his trade. Employ- 
 ment is given to from 5 to 10 assistants, 
 all skilled in the several branches of the 
 business. Carpenter work and building 
 of all kinds are attended to, jobbing and 
 repairing being made a leading specialty, 
 the premises occupied as a workshop 
 being specially adapted for that branch 
 of the business. Mr. Kolb was born and 
 educated in Washington and has been a 
 resident of this city for about 39 years. 
 He is a skilled workman and a prompt 
 and reliable business man, who has no 
 superior in his line in the city. 
 
 ROBERT W. SCHOLL, 
 
 Druggist and Apothecary, 659 Pennsyl- 
 vania avenue S. E. 
 
 If success in business is any criterion 
 of merit it must be awarded to the house 
 of Robert W. Scholl for the rapid prog- 
 ress that he has made in his business since 
 its establishment only last year. The 
 rapid growth since founding this business 
 has been unexampled, and the prospect 
 15 
 
 for the future is very flattering. Employ- 
 ment is given to two competent clerks, 
 and the premises occupied are 20 x 40 
 feet in dimensions, elegantly arranged in 
 all particulars for the proper facilitating 
 of his affairs. A large stock of pure 
 drugs, wines and liquors for medicinal 
 uses is kept constantly on hand, as well 
 as toilet articles and druggists' sundries. 
 A fine cigar trade is also being built up, 
 and the best brands of cigars are always 
 kept in stock. Physicians' prescriptions 
 are carefully and accurately compounded 
 from the purest drugs. Mr. Scholl, the 
 proprietor of this place, is a gentleman 
 well qualified in every way to fill the re- 
 sponsible place he occupies in relation to 
 the public and in commercial circles, and 
 is in every way worthy of the public's 
 patronage. 
 
 m, Mccormick, 
 
 Grocer, 227 Pennsylvania avenue, bet. 
 2d and 3d streets E. 
 
 Among those who have long occupied 
 a leading position in the grocery business 
 in the District and who have risen to 
 prominence in the industrial and com- 
 mercial interests of the city, Mr. M. Mc- 
 Cormick, grocer, at 227 Pennsylvania 
 avenue E, stands among the foremost. 
 This gentleman's business was established 
 in 1866, and from a modest beginning 
 has by his energy and enterprise taken 
 its place as one of the leading if not the 
 leading business of its kind in the eastern 
 part of the city. The premises are neat 
 and well arranged for the proper manner 
 of conducting this kind of business, being 
 20 x 60 feet in dimensions, and in the 
 business giving employment to from 4 to 
 6 assistants and 2 wagons to deliver goods. 
 A general line of fine groceries and all 
 kinds of provisions is carried ; also wines 
 and liquors of the purest and best brands. 
 Mr. McCormick was born in Ireland and 
 was educated in this country, and has 
 been a resident of Washington since 1859. 
 
 GOOD HOPE DAIRY, 
 C. D. Golden, Proprietor, 515 6th st. S.E. 
 
 One of the most favorably known es- 
 tablishments engaged in the dairy busi- 
 ness in the city is that conducted by C. D. 
 Golden and known as the Good Hope 
 Dairy. This business was established two 
 
226 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 } r ears ago by the present proprietor, and 
 by the energy and enterprise combined 
 with the quality, purity and cleanliness 
 of his products, he immediately stepped 
 into public favor, and his business has had 
 a constant increase ever since. Employ- 
 ment is given to from three to five assist- 
 ants, and two wagons are required to de- 
 liver the products of his daily to his nu- 
 merous customers throughout the city. 
 Milk, eggs, butter, &c, are handled, and 
 all are warranted for their purity and 
 freshness. From 75 to 125 gallons of 
 milk are handled daily, and this quantity 
 is at times insufficient to supply the de- 
 mand. Orders are taken by any of the 
 wagons of this dairy, and are promptly 
 filled. Mr. Golden, the proprietor, was 
 born and educated in the District, and 
 has been practically identified with this 
 business for a number of years. Although 
 commencing his business in a small and 
 modest manner, he has seen it 'grow in a 
 very short time to its present proportions, 
 while the future promises more substantial 
 results than the past. 
 
 N. G. JOHNSON, 
 
 Photographer, 317 Pennsylvania avenue 
 
 N.W. 
 
 This interesting gallery and studio will 
 be found at 317 Pennsylvania avenue. 
 The general interest taken in this estab- 
 lishment is mainly due to Mr. Johnson 
 being the only publisher of Mount Ver- 
 non views in the District, having satis- 
 factorily filled for many years the impor- 
 tant position of photographer to the 
 Mount Vernon Association. The differ- 
 ent views of Washington City made by 
 Mr. Johnson, showing the several De- 
 partments and Government buildings, 
 are extensively purchased, as they can be 
 obtained in various sizes and at various 
 prices. He makes a specialty of tin- 
 types, and has the only complete gallery 
 of the kind in Washington. Born in 
 Massachusetts, Mr. Johnson was raised in 
 New York State, where he applied all his 
 energy to the study of the art of daguer- 
 reotyping in early days. He established 
 here in 1874, on 7th street, moving in 
 1880 to his present quarters, where his 
 finely appointed studio attracts general 
 attention and a large and growing pat- 
 ronage. 
 
 "WILLIAM C, PEAKE, 
 House and Sign Painter, 304 B st. S. E. 
 
 Some of the more extensive contractors 
 of Washington display productions of 
 great merit in the line of sign painting 
 and the decorating of houses. A notable 
 house in this business is that of William 
 C. Peake, whose establishment is one of 
 the most perfectly equipped of its kind in 
 the southeast section of the city. He has 
 a very extensive connection in all parts 
 of the city and has decorated some of the 
 finest private and public buildings in the 
 Capital. The business was established 
 in 1880, and occupies premises 18 x 40 
 feet in dimensions, and gives employment 
 to from five to ten workmen, and all kinds 
 of house, sign and ornamental painting is 
 done. Mr. Peake has done much work 
 for the Government, among which was 
 the painting of the outside of the Capitol, 
 City Hall, Reform School, and Govern- 
 ment Printing Office. He was born in 
 Baltimore and educated in Washington, 
 and is about 27 years of age, and served 
 his apprenticeship in the Navy Yard. 
 Mr. Peake is connected with the 4th Street 
 Missionary Society, and is an enterprising 
 young man, well worthy the patronage 
 and success that has attended him in his 
 business. 
 
 HENRY TRIPP, 
 
 Wheelwright, 
 Cor. Virginia ave. and S. Capitol st. 
 
 No maker in the city enjoys a better 
 reputation for the excellence of his 
 wagons, carts and buggies than does Mr. 
 Henry Tripp, located at the corner of 
 Virginia avenue and S. Capitol street S. 
 W. Mr. Trip]) established his business 
 with moderate means in 1866, and has 
 since that time built up a flourishing 
 business. The premises occupied by him 
 have a frontage of thirty feet and a depth 
 of forty-eigth feet, being two stories in 
 height, where he manufactures every de- 
 scription of wagons, carts, &c, and does 
 an extensive business in wheel writing. A 
 specialty is made of the building of carts 
 and trucks and general repairing. The 
 lower floor of the building is used for the 
 blacksmith ing and heavy wood work, 
 while the upper story is used for the fin- 
 ishing and painting rooms. Mr. Tripp 
 was born and educated in Germany, and 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 227 
 
 came to this country and to Washington 
 in 1862, and is ahout forty-three years of 
 age. The location of his business is in a 
 desirable place, and he is doing a large 
 and increasing business, and is esteemed 
 by his patrons as a man of sterling busi- 
 ness qualifications. 
 
 WILLIAM SCHERGER'S 
 Restaurant and Dining Saloon, 
 Cor. 12th and F sts. N. W. 
 In reviewing the business houses of F 
 street N. W., the structure on the north- 
 east corner of F and 12th streets attracts 
 the attention. This fine building is oc- 
 cupied by Mr. Wm. Scherger, as a res- 
 taurant and dining saloon. Tbe lower 
 floor of the house being arranged for that 
 purpose, beside which is a fine lunch 
 counter, where everything can be had in 
 season. The quality of the bills of fare 
 of this house are popularly acknowledged 
 by its extensive patronage. The upper 
 floors of the house are all arranged for 
 family and sleeping apartments, twenty- 
 four in number. The desirable and cen- 
 tral location makes the house a favorite 
 family resort, the house being constantly 
 filled with permanent gussts belonging to 
 our- most respected class of citizens. The 
 veteran proprietor of the establishment, 
 Mr. Wm. Scherger, is a native of Ger- 
 many, coming to this country quite young, 
 and through his business qualifications 
 soon established for himself an enviable 
 reputation as a generous landlord and a 
 business man. 
 
 WILLIAM W. VAUGHN, 
 Glass Stainer, 
 711 D, between 7th and 8th sts. N. W. 
 The origin of the beautiful art of stain- 
 ing glass is lost in antiquity, and even at 
 the present day the process is understood 
 by comparatively a few. The most prom- 
 inent house in this section of the country 
 engaged in this line of business is that 
 conducted by W. W. Vaughn, whose 
 stained and enameled glass is considered 
 equal to that imported from Europe. He 
 commenced this business here in 1859, 
 and occupies premises 25x60 feet in di- 
 mensions, and gives employment to six 
 skilled workmen. His trade in this city 
 is large, and extends to all parts of the 
 
 United States. Particular attention is 
 paid to all the new styles of work, espe- 
 cially cathedral glass in lead sash for 
 church and dwelling windows, and 
 domes, skylights, and transoms, all 
 decorated in every style with fruits, flow- 
 ers, emblems, landscapes, figures, &c. 
 White enameled and ground glass for 
 vestibules is also made, and a specialty is 
 made of etching on glass. Mr. Vaughn 
 was born in England in 1820, and was 
 there educated, and came to this country 
 in 1847. 
 
 PHILIP M. O'BRYON, 
 
 Sign Writer and House Painter, 422 
 10th street N. W. 
 
 Mr. O'Bryon is a native of Washing- 
 ton. He established his business in 1863 
 at 309 D street, and now occupies as 
 office and shop a building of ample pro- 
 portions, and keeps a competent force of 
 men in his employ who are experts in 
 this branch of business, and turns out in 
 this way a fine quality of work. Being a 
 practical painter, he undertakes all kinds 
 of contracts for plain and ornamental 
 painting and sign writing, making the 
 latter part of the art a specialty, as well 
 as inside work in the house painting 
 branch. His business qualifications have 
 secured the confidence of many of our 
 leading citizens, and in all his contracts 
 he has proved himself equal to all emer- 
 gencies. His work can be seen in every 
 part of the city, notable among his jobs 
 being the palatial residence of Stilson 
 Hutchins. Mr. O'Bryon inspires those 
 with whom he does business with confi- 
 dence, so that his custom generally re- 
 mains with him. 
 
 WILLIAM N. WARD, 
 
 Plumber, Gas and Steam Fitter, 1304 H 
 
 street N. W. 
 
 Among the few first-class practical and 
 scientific plumbers of this city, William 
 N. Ward occupies a conspicuous place. 
 Mr. Ward established business for him- 
 self in 1877, after having worked at his 
 trade for many years in this city and 
 Chicago. He makes a specialty of sani- 
 tary plumbing and gas and steam fitting, 
 and his thorough knowledge of machinery 
 enables him to make repairs where the 
 most skillful labor is required. Mr. Ward 
 
228 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 was born in Ireland in 1845, and came to 
 this country while a child, since which 
 period he devoted his time and energy 
 to the practical and ..scientific study of his 
 profession. He is at all times prepared 
 to give his attention and the benefit of his 
 long experience to any calls in this line. 
 
 H. SHEID, 
 
 Tin Types, corner 7th and D streets. 
 
 Mr. Sheid is the successor of Charles 
 Quarterly, and established his business in 
 1883, after having been with Mr. Quar- 
 terly for several years, at the same loca- 
 cation, which had been used for the same 
 purpose many years. Mr. Sheid has a 
 large practical experience in this line, and 
 a complete outfit of all the necessary ap- 
 paratus, chemicals and instruments for 
 the production of work of high art in his 
 particular branch. Although tin types 
 are his specialty, he executes card and 
 cabinet photos and other pictures. Mr. 
 Sheid is a young man who understands 
 his business and is giving his entire atten- 
 tion to it, and will in a short time place 
 it as the leading gallery in the city. He 
 was born in the city in 1862, and was 
 educated here. His gallery turns out as 
 fine tin types as any other in the country, 
 and his great skill in the art gives him 
 the preference over all competition. 
 
 R. A. SCAGGS & CO., 
 
 Carpenters and Builders, 704 9th street. 
 A city that is making such a rapid 
 growth as is the city of Washington must 
 necessarily contain a great many able 
 carpenters and builders. Among the 
 leading representatives of this branch of 
 industry is the well-known firm of R. A. 
 Scaggs & Co,, located at the above num- 
 ber. This business was established in 
 1874 by Mr. Scaggs, and since the found- 
 ing of the business he has by energy and 
 enterprise built up a large and satisfac- 
 tory trade. Employment is given to 
 from 2 to 7 workmen, as the business re- 
 quires, while the premises occupied as a 
 shop are 15 x 40 feet in dimensions. All 
 kinds of contracts are taken in carpenter 
 work and building, but a specialty is 
 made of jobbing and repairing, and in all 
 cases satisfaction is guaranteed. Mr. 
 Scaggs, the senior member, was born and 
 educated in Maryland, and has been a 
 
 resident of Washington for over 18 years. 
 He is a thorough and practical workman 
 and has for many years been intimately 
 connected with the business interests of 
 the Capital. Mr. Theodore Ellmore, who 
 became associated with Mr. Scaggs in 
 1878, is a man of large experience in this 
 business. He is a native of Virginia and 
 was born in Richmond, in that State. He 
 learned his trade there, where he also had 
 an extensive business, and came to Wash- 
 ington in 1868, and has been a large fac- 
 tor in building up the business of the 
 present firm. 
 
 T. E. CABELL, 
 
 Carpenter and Builder. 
 
 610 D, between 6th and 7th sts. 
 
 Among the leading carpenters, build- 
 ers, and contractors of this city can be 
 found Mr. T. E. Cabell, carpenter and 
 builder, located at 610 D street N. W. 
 Mr. Cabell established himself in this 
 business in 1874, and has by the energy 
 displayed and his thorough and practical 
 knowlege of the business, founded a con- 
 cern that has been a success in the fullest 
 sense. The premises occupied as a shop 
 are 20x30 feet in dimensions, and well 
 arranged for doing the finer part of his 
 work. Employment is given to from ten 
 to fifteen workmen, all of whom are en- 
 gaged for their abilities in this class of 
 work. Carpenter Avork and general 
 building is done, and contracting for 
 work, and estimates for buildings are 
 furnished, jobbing is done neatly and 
 promptly, a specialty being made of Cab- 
 inet work. The business is confined 
 mostly to Washington and vicinity, with 
 a constant and gradual increase. Mr. 
 Cabell was born and educated in New 
 York, and has been a resident of Wash- 
 ington for about twelve years. 
 
 NATIONAL DAIRY, 
 C. T. Ray, Proprietor, 601 H st. N. W. 
 
 Probably there is no better supplied 
 city in the United States with the products 
 of the dairy than Washington, and among 
 the very foremost dairymen in the city is 
 the proprietor of the National Dairy, Mr. 
 C. T. Ray. The premises occupied by 
 this business are 20 x 60 and finely fitted 
 up for conducting the business. This bus- 
 iness was established in 1871 by the pres- 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 229 
 
 ent proprietor, and has since been con- 
 sidered the leading business of the kind 
 in that section of the city. Employment 
 is given to two assistants, and one wagon 
 is used to deliver the products of the 
 dairy to customers. All the milk used 
 is purchased from farmers, and is war- 
 ranted for its quality and purity. Butter, 
 eggs and milk are constantly on hand, 
 also- an elegant lunch counter, at which 
 he has a large patronage. Mr. Ray was 
 born in Ohio and was educated in Illi- 
 nois, and has been a resident of Washing- 
 ton for the past 11 years, and has built 
 up a fine and substantial business. Dur- 
 ing the late rebellion he was a member of 
 the 74th Illinois Infantry, in which he 
 served three years. He was with that 
 famous regiment in all its marches and 
 battles, and made a gallant and meritori- 
 ous record. Mr. Ray is also connected 
 with the Associated Charities of the Dis- 
 trict, and is a public-spirited gentleman 
 who is identified with the business inter- 
 ests and growth of the city. 
 
 JOSEPH PASSENO, 
 
 Boat Builder, 3134 and 3136 Water St., 
 
 near High St., Georgetown, D. C. 
 
 To produce a satisfactory boat requires 
 much skill and an appreciation of the 
 laws of symmetry, perception of correct 
 poise, as well as a properly arranged 
 work-shop. At Mr. Joseph Passeno's, 
 3134 and 3136 Water street, we find the 
 above qualities and requisites. The busi- 
 ness was established in 1869 and occu- 
 pies premises 37 x 150 feet, and gives 
 employment to two skilled workmen. 
 Mr. Passeno makes all kinds of boats, 
 steam tugs, &c, but makes a specialty of 
 pleasure boats, and has all the latest con- 
 veniences for manufacturing. He has a 
 large stock of boats of his own manu- 
 facture and a nicely fitted up establish- 
 ment for the convenience of parties to 
 whom, in the season, he hires boats on 
 very reasonable terms, and oarsmen are 
 supplied if necessary. He builds boats 
 for the several boat clubs and was the 
 first who suggested the organization 
 of a club here. He has been longer en- 
 gaged in this industry than any other 
 person in it, and might be called the 
 pioneer of the business here. He has also 
 invented and patented an oar-lock, which 
 
 is the best and most complete thing in 
 that line, and is now in general use among 
 the boat clubs. Mr. Passeno was born 
 in Montreal, Canada, in 1824. and came 
 to Georgetown in 1869, where he soon 
 built up a large trade. 
 
 E. JACKSON, 
 
 Practical Saddle and Harness Maker, 
 
 912 Louisiana ave, N. W. 
 
 The saddlery, harness, and collar fac- 
 tory of Mr. E. Jackson, located at 912 
 Louisiana avenue, stands second to none 
 in that line. His store is most conve- 
 niently located near the Centre Market, 
 and for that reason affords good facilities 
 for country purchasers and those who 
 visit the city for having repairs done. 
 Mr. Jackson, the proprietor, manufactures 
 harness, collars, saddles, and deals in all 
 articles required, as whips, blankets, bri- 
 dles, &c. His goods are manufactured 
 of the best material, and he is constantly 
 adding to his stock a large variety of 
 new designs, drawn from the larger man- 
 ufacturers of that kind in the East. 
 Mr. Jackson is an experienced and skill- 
 ful saddler himself, and for that reason 
 enabled to guarantee all he sells as first- 
 class, and coming up to all it is repre- 
 sented to be. His prices are moderate, 
 and his premises afford every facility for 
 having repairs promptly done while wait- 
 
 GEO. W. MILLER & CO., 
 Painters, 309 I street. 
 The firm of Geo. W. Miller & Co. is 
 one of the most prominent and oldest in 
 the District in their line, and is also one of 
 the most perfectly equipped establish- 
 ments of its kind in the city. The firm 
 are doing a fine business and have a very 
 extensive business connection all over the 
 city, and have decorated some of its finest 
 mansions. This business was established 
 about eight years ago, and has been so 
 successful that now it gives almost con- 
 stant employment to from two to ten work- 
 men. The premises occupied are about 
 20 x 40 feet in dimensions and well ar- 
 ranged for the proper manner of conduct- 
 ing their business. All kinds of house 
 painting, decorating, and sign painting is 
 carried on, and all contracts are promptly 
 and efficiently carried out. Mr. Geo. W. 
 
230 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 Miller is a native of the District, and has 
 ever been a driving and thoroughgoing 
 citizen, closely identified with the business 
 interests of the city. 
 
 H. HAIGHT, 
 
 House and Sign Painter, corner 14th & 
 
 S streets N. W. 
 
 Among the leading house and sign 
 painters of the city of Washington Mr. 
 H. Haight takes a position. Establish- 
 ing himself about six years ago, he has 
 by the superiority of his work and the 
 straight business manner with which he 
 has fulfilled all contracts won not only a 
 leading position but one of a reputation for 
 reliability as well. Employment is given 
 to from 3 to 15 workmen, as the season 
 and contract require, all of whom are en- 
 gaged for their ability to do good work. 
 House painting, interior and exterior 
 decorating, ornamental and common 
 painting are done, while sign painting is 
 the specialty, and in this branch of his 
 business he has no superior in the city as 
 a letterer and the general finish of his 
 work. Many of the fine residences of the 
 city owe their beautiful appearance to the 
 brush of this artist; and while his busi- 
 ness is good, it is on the constant in- 
 crease. Mr. Haight was born and edu- 
 cated in the District, and since starting 
 his business has taken a leading: rank. 
 
 their present location, where they occupy 
 premises 30 x 100 feet in extent and 
 finely located and well arranged for con- 
 ducting the business. In addition is a 
 building 20 x 60 feet, used as wholesale 
 annex, where is done a very nice jobbing 
 trade. Employment is given to 13 first- 
 class assistants, who understand all the 
 branches of the business, and 2 wagons 
 are used to deliver goods. In the stock 
 can be found a full line of foreign and 
 domestic dry goods, dress goods, lawns, 
 cheviots, boots, shoes, carpets, mattings, 
 underwear, and everything pertaining to 
 a first-class house of the kind. Mr. Kauf- 
 man, the proprietor, was born and edu- 
 cated in Baltimore and has been a resi- 
 dent of Washington for about 25 years. 
 He is an enterprising man of business, 
 who knows what the public wants, and 
 gets it, sells it at the lowest rates, and 
 thus succeeds. 
 
 A. KAUFMAN, 
 
 Combination Store, 1241 11th street 
 
 S. E. 
 
 It will be found upon examination of 
 this work that Washington is not defi- 
 cient in that distinctively American spirit 
 of enterprise and progress which has done 
 so much to develop the resources of the 
 city and District. Among the leading 
 dry goods and shoe houses in the city of 
 Washington is the well-known establish- 
 ment known as the Combination Store, 
 A. Kaufman, proprietor, and located at 
 1241 11th street S. E. This is the most 
 enterprising store in East Washington, 
 and is doing a large and constantly in- 
 creasing business, which extends to all 
 portions of the city. The business was 
 established about 12 years ago at 911 8th 
 street S. E., but the business growing rap- 
 idly, new quarters and better location 
 were required, and they were removed to 
 
 EUGENE CADMUS, 
 Florist, 1419 R street. 
 The occupation of florist is most beau- 
 tiful, entertaining and instructive, whether 
 it be adopted as a pastime or pursued as 
 a business. Among the most extensive 
 establishments devoted to this branch of 
 industry in Washington is that conducted 
 by Mr. Eugene Cadmus, and located at 
 1419 R street N. W. This business has 
 been established about 7 years and occu- 
 pies premises about 120 x 220 feet in di- 
 mensions, and well fitted with fine new 
 glass conservatories, which are filled with 
 all the rare and rich house plants to be 
 found, including choice varieties of trop- 
 ical plants, exotics, and American flow- 
 ers, and makes a specialty of cut flowers. 
 The conservatories are kept at the desired 
 temperature by means of steam supplied 
 by one of the boilers, furnishing a steam 
 supply for 6,000 feet of pipe. A large 
 business is carried on in plants, bulbs, 
 cut flowers, floral designs, and decora- 
 tions for weddings, funerals, parties, and 
 public and private entertainments. ■ Mr. 
 Cadmus always has on hand a choice as- 
 sortment of new and rare varieties of 
 plants, roses, &c, and furnishes cut flow- 
 ers to order at all seasons of the year, 
 and all orders entrusted to his care will 
 receive prompt attention. Mr. Cadmus 
 has been educated to this business, in 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 231 
 
 which he is thoroughly proficient and fa- 
 miliar with all its requirements and pecu- 
 liarities, owing to this a large share of 
 his success. 
 
 A. GETZ, 
 
 Carpenter and Builder, 804 D street 
 N. E. 
 
 Among the most prominent carpenters 
 and builders in this city is Mr. A. Getz, 
 located at 804 D street N. E. Mr. Getz 
 is one of the largest contractors in the 
 District in the matter of building both 
 public and private residences. He estab- 
 lished himself in this city as a carpenter 
 and builder about 13 years ago, and by 
 good work and keeping close to his con- 
 tracts and to the plans soon gained a rep- 
 utation for probity that drew to him pat- 
 ronage from all parts of the city, until 
 at times he had more work on hand or 
 offered him than he could do. Employ- 
 ment is given to from 5 to 30 workmen, 
 as the nature of the contracts and season 
 require, all of whom are engaged for their 
 skill and general knowledge of the trade. 
 All kinds of buildings are contracted for, 
 and in every case is satisfaction guaran- 
 teed as to good workmanship, materials, 
 and all that goes to make a substantial 
 house. Mr. Getz was born and educated 
 in Germany, and has been a resident of 
 this city for the past 22 years. He is a 
 thorough and practical business man, 
 who is interested in the welfare of the 
 city in every particular. 
 
 WM. B. MARCHE, 
 
 Manuf'r Tin-Plate & Sheet-Iron Work, 
 
 Dealer in Stoves, &c, 224 Pa. av. S.E. 
 
 Among the leading dealers in the above 
 line in the southeastern portion of the 
 city is Mr. William B. Marche, at 223 
 Pennsylvania avenue S. E. The busi- 
 ness was established in 1870, opening at 
 the present location in 1880. The prem- 
 ises occupied are 18 x 40, and employ- 
 ment is gived to from 6 to 9 workmen. 
 The working arrangements of this con- 
 cern include many valuable and perfectly 
 constructed machines. Tin-plate and 
 sheet-iron work of every description is 
 manufactured, and also stoves, ranges, 
 furnaces, fireplace heaters, wood and wil- 
 low ware, roofing, spouting, and guttering. 
 Repairing is promptly attended to and 
 
 prices made to suit the times. Mr. Marche 
 commenced business in 1870 with com- 
 paratively small capital, but by strict at- 
 tention to business and a most commend- 
 able display of energy he has met with a 
 large success. He has done much work 
 for the Government, and among other 
 contracts he built the wall around the 
 Government cemetery at Andersonville. 
 Mr. Marche was born and educated in 
 Washington and is about 42 years of age. 
 He is connected with the Associated 
 Charities, and the success which has at- 
 tended his enterprise is due to the supe- 
 riority of his products and his liberal 
 method of conducting his business. 
 
 BARLOW'S, 
 1225 Penna. avenue. 
 One of the best known and liberally 
 patronized art galleries in this city is that 
 of H. N. Barlow, located at 1225* Penna. 
 ave. The business was established in 
 1854, and at its present location in 1870. 
 The premises occupied are thirty feet 
 front, running back to E street, and em- 
 ployment is given to nine workmen. Oil 
 paintings, engravings, French and Ger- 
 man photographs, porcelain paintings, 
 chromos, and gilt and nickle frames in 
 every style for porcelain and photograph 
 pictures, and picture frames in every 
 style are made and carried in stock ; also 
 gold frames for mirrors, portraits and 
 landscapes. Especial attention is given 
 by Mr. H. N. Barlow to transferring, 
 lining, and restoring oil paiutings. Fam- 
 ily portraits are restored with the great- 
 est care, so as to preserve the originality. 
 Mr. Barlow was born and educated in 
 England, and is a clever and pushing 
 man of business, who has built up an im- 
 portant industry. In his gallery can al- 
 ways be found fine and meritorious 
 works of art from the best living artists. 
 The public are always invited to call and 
 see them free of charge, also to examine 
 his stock in which will be found all the 
 publications of foreign houses. 
 
 E. T. CULLISON, 
 
 Stair Builder, 1216 C street N. W. 
 
 The profession of stair builder is one 
 
 of the most intricate of all the industrial 
 
 pursuits, as it requires a thorough me- 
 
232 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 chanical training as well as being an art- 
 ist in forming the symmetry and curva- 
 tures. The leading stair builder in the 
 city of Washington is Mr. E. T. Cullison, 
 located at 1216 C street N. W. Mr. Cul- 
 lison established himself in business in 
 the city of Washington in 1872, and al- 
 most immediately stepped to the front in 
 his business, and to-day he is at the head 
 of his profession in the District. Em- 
 ployment is given to from 8 to 10 work- 
 men, and he has built the stairs to the 
 leading residences in the city. In 1883 
 he did more work in this line than any 
 two in the District, and at this writing is 
 at work filling contracts on over 17 
 houses. He is a thorough carpenter and 
 builder as well, and has had many years' 
 practical experience in this line. He was 
 born and educated in Maryland, and has 
 been a resident of Washington for the 
 past 20 years. Mr. Cullison is a thor- 
 ough business man, and his success has 
 been gained by his good work and prompt 
 business methods. 
 
 class of work. The bleaching and re- 
 fmishing department is a special feature, 
 where fine straw and manilla hats that 
 are worn and faded are made as good as 
 new at a trifling cost. The process is a 
 secret but certainly very perfect. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Whiting's record for honorable 
 dealing during their long business career 
 is such that no words of praise could add 
 to it, and the future promises them a con- 
 tinued and prosperous business. 
 
 •WHITING'S MILLINERY PARLORS 
 AND BLEACHERY, 
 924 Penna. ave. 
 Mr. Whiting began business here in 
 1858, and from that time to the present 
 has been one of the leading dealers in 
 millinery goods. Such is the endless va- 
 riety of stock developed at his store that 
 it would require too much space in this 
 volume to enumerate, suffice it to say 
 that nowhere in the city can ones wants 
 be supplied at more reasonable prices. 
 In the millinery and fancy goods depart- 
 ment a corps of experienced lady assist- 
 ants, who have practical experience, are 
 employed, presided over by Mrs. A. T. 
 Whiting. A specialty of the .house is 
 the manufacturing of straw, felt, and 
 silk hats and bonnets. Mr. Whiting 
 gives his special attention to this depart- 
 ment, and having had a life-long expe- 
 rience can and does do work in his line 
 surpassed by none. The manufactory is 
 fitted and furnished with all the latest 
 improved hydraulic and steam presses, 
 several of which cost five hundred dol- 
 lars each, and can turn out hats in a re- 
 markably short space of time ; this is in 
 fact, one of the most complete establish 
 ments south of Philadelphia for this 
 
 CHARLES FLEISCHMANN, 
 Confectionery and Vienna Coffee Sa- 
 loon, 617 D street N. W. 
 
 This business was established in 1880, 
 at its present location, by the present pro- 
 prietor. The premises occupied are 20 
 x 175 feet in dimensions, and are in 
 every way fitted up for the proper mode 
 of carrying on this business. Constant 
 employment is given to 5 skilled and 
 practical workmen. All kinds of con- 
 fectionery and fancy and plain cakes are 
 manufactured. The candies made are 
 not excelled in delicacy of flavor, and are 
 perfectly free from all suspicious ingredi- 
 ents. Mr. Fleischmann was born and 
 educated in Bavaria and has been a resi- 
 dent of Washington for a period of 12 
 years ; and by the exercise of good busi- 
 ness management this house from a small 
 beginning has achieved a large patron- 
 age, which is rapidly extending to all 
 parts of the Capital. 
 
 W. H. WRIGHT, 
 Carpenter and Builder, 1227 H street. 
 
 In reviewing those industries which 
 have become prominent in their special 
 line, the business of W. H. Wright, car- 
 penter and builder, located at 1227 H 
 street, is entitled to special mention. The 
 inception of this business dates from 
 1864, since which time the trade has 
 largely increased. The premises occupied 
 are 27 x 75 feet in dimensions and two 
 stories in height. Employment is given 
 to from 5 to 28 competent mechanics, 
 although at times, when a contract has 
 had to be finished in a short time, as high 
 as 70 men have been given employment. 
 All kinds of carpenter work are done, be- 
 sides contracting, building and jobbing, 
 which are taken at the lowest ruling 
 figures. Many of the fine houses in the 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 233 
 
 city were erected by Mr. Wright, and iu 
 all cases have given entire satisfaction, 
 both as regards prices and workmanship. 
 Mr. Wright was born and educated in 
 Maryland, and has been a resident of 
 Washington since 1858. He has always 
 been identified with the growth of the 
 city, and has been a public-spirited 
 citizen. 
 
 ROGERS' 
 
 Umbrella and Parasol Manufactory, 
 409 11th st. N. W. 
 
 Over forty years ago this representa- 
 tive house was founded, and it has from 
 its inception controlled a large and im- 
 portant business. The house was 
 founded by the grandfather of the pres- 
 ent proprietor. The premises occupied 
 are 24x50 feet in extent, and employ- 
 ment is given to two skilled workmen 
 steadily, although at times more are em- 
 ployed as the trade demands. Here are 
 manufactured all kinds of umbrellas and 
 parasols, a specialty being made of the 
 finer grades. In the conveniently ar- 
 ranged sales-room may be found a full 
 line of his productions, from the cheaper 
 grades to the finest qualities, and also a 
 large stock of canes in every style, a 
 wholesale and retail business being con- 
 ducted. Mr. Rogers has a branch store 
 at 613 D street, with the same line of 
 goods and a manufactory. A specialty 
 is made of repairing and recovering um- 
 brellas and parasols. Mr. Rogers was 
 born in Pottsville, Pa., and has been a 
 resident of Washington for the past 
 thirty years, and his business is the oldest 
 and most prominent of any similar es- 
 tablishment in the city, which is good, 
 and is gradually increasing from year to 
 year. 
 
 SMITHMEYER & PELZ, 
 Architects, 703 15th street. 
 The most ingenious and accurate of all 
 the mechanical arts and sciences is archi- 
 tecture. Among the prominent artists in 
 this line is the firm which heads this ar- 
 ticle. Their business was established in 
 1872, and in their office employment is 
 given to from 3 to 6 skilled draughtsmen. 
 Many evidences of their work are to be 
 found throughout this city and country, 
 among which Ave mention the new George- 
 
 town College, one of the most elegant and 
 imposing buildings in the District ; the 
 library and several ornamental and pic- 
 turesque bridges at the Soldiers' Home ; 
 also the annex to the U. S. Post Office De- 
 partment, and many of the handsomest 
 residences in the city, among which are 
 Lieutenant Emory's, opposite the British 
 Legation, General Cutter's, and Mr. Hol- 
 liday's, near the British Minister's. At 
 present the firm is engaged on the Army 
 and Navy Hospital at the Hot Springs, 
 Arkansas, and the large hotel at the Hot 
 Springs, Virginia. They have been mem- 
 bers of the American Institute of Archi- 
 tects since 1860. Their plan for the Con- 
 gressional Library has been adopted since 
 1872, when it was selected through public 
 competition, and for which they received 
 the first premium. Mr. J. L. Smith- 
 meyer was born in Vienna, Austria, and 
 was there educated, and came to America 
 in 1850. For a number of years he 
 filled many engagements throughout the 
 Western and Southern States, previous to 
 settling in Washington. Last year he 
 was sent, under the auspices of Congress, 
 to Europe to study and investigate its 
 principal libraries, and the result of his 
 observations can be found in his pub- 
 lished work entitled "Library Architec- 
 ture," which is replete with valuable and 
 interesting information on that subject. 
 He is also the author of the works enti- 
 tled "Strictures on Queen Ann Architec- 
 ture" and "Our Architecture." Mr. P. 
 J. Pelz was born in Silesia, Germany, 
 received his collegiate education in Bres- 
 lau and his professional education in New 
 York. He is a pupil of the celebrated 
 Mr. Rieman, and for 16 years he has been 
 connected with the U. S. Lighthouse 
 Board as Assistant Civil Engineer, and 
 in his official position has designed seve- 
 ral stations for the Life-Saving Service. 
 His attainments as constructor, designer, 
 and perspective draughtsman are well 
 known and highly appreciated in profes- 
 sional circles. 
 
 THOMAS J. STANTON, 
 Grocer, corner 29th and O streets. 
 In 1878 Mr. Stanton commenced busi- 
 ness in a small and modest manner, and 
 has built up a fine trade which is rapidly 
 increasing. His trade has become an al- 
 
234 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 most indispensable institution to this part 
 of the city, which also extends through- 
 out the District and surrounding country. 
 He carries a large and elegant assortment 
 of everything pertaining to a first-class 
 establishment, embracing the choicest 
 staple and fancy articles belonging to the 
 business, consisting of the best teas, cof- 
 fees, and all the celebrated brands of flour, 
 besides a full supply of the best wines 
 and liquors and cigars. For many years 
 he has successfully catered to the wants 
 and tastes of his customers, among whom 
 are the most prominent people in the 
 Capital. He has a number of polite and 
 courteous assistants, and all who have 
 dealings with him once are sure to con- 
 tinue their patronage. Mr. Stanton was 
 born and educated in the District, and is 
 substantially identified with its welfare; 
 he is very popular among his host of ac- 
 quaintances and customers, and enjoys 
 the respect and confidence of all. 
 
 G. WAGNER, 
 
 Manfacturer of Gentlemen's Fine Boots 
 
 and Shoes, 1224 F st. N. W. 
 
 The house of G. Wagner, 1304 F 
 street, is one of the oldest and one of the 
 most perfectly equipped stores of its kind 
 in Washington, and is doing a live busi- 
 ness. It was established in 1861, and 
 occupies premises 20x80 feet in dimen- 
 sions. The stock consists of the finest 
 quality of goods in the boot and shoe 
 line, and a specialty is made of the man- 
 ufacture of gentlemen's fine boots and 
 shoes, and has for his principal customers 
 members of Congress and army and 
 navy officers. The Washington patron- 
 age is large, but the reputation of the 
 house for fine work has greatly increased 
 the business, and he is constantly receiv- 
 ing orders from all parts of the United 
 States. Employment is given to eight 
 skilled shoemakers, and all grades of the 
 choicest materials are used in the manu- 
 facture. Mr. Wagner is a native of Ger- 
 many, having been born there in 1840, 
 and was there educated, coming to this 
 country in 1852. His business was 
 small at first, but has steadily increased, 
 and is now on a firm basis, and in a 
 flourishing condition, which is the result 
 of his perseverance, energy, and close at- 
 tention to business, the three requisites 
 of success. 
 
 WASHINGTON BRICK MACHINE 
 COMPANY, 
 Office 1420 New York avenue. 
 The Washington Brick Machine Com- 
 pany is the largest establishment in the 
 District, and was established in the year 
 1874. This extensive enterprise occupies 
 about sixteen acres of ground at the in- 
 tersection of H and Boundary streets 
 northeast, working about 200 hands, and 
 employing about seventy-five carts and 
 wagons in connection Avith the business. 
 Two powerful steam engines are employed 
 for driving the machinery, which em- 
 braces all of the most modern improve- 
 ments in this industry for turning out 
 merchantable bricks, which have a stand- 
 ard reputation for their uniformity in size, 
 shape and material, making them the best 
 in the market for general building pur- 
 poses. The demands of the trade tax 
 this extensive establishment to its full ca- 
 pacity of about 90,000 bricks per day, 
 and their trade is rapidly extending 
 throughout the District and adjoining 
 States. The company embraces some of 
 the best business talent of the city, con- 
 sisting of the following business men : 
 T. L. Holbrook, president; J. F. Olm- 
 stead, vice-president ; Wm. F. Mattingly, 
 secretary; Andrew Wylie, Treasurer; T. 
 L. Holbrook, general manager. Trus- 
 tees : Andrew Wylie, W. F! Mattingly, 
 J. F. Olmstead, T. L. Holbrook. They 
 are individually and collectively well 
 known to the business public, and deserve 
 in the future, as they have received in the 
 past, the confidence and patronage of the 
 people of Washington and other cities 
 needing the products of their enterprise. 
 
 W. H. SINCELL, 
 Carpenter and Builder, 643 Massachu- 
 setts ave. 
 
 Prominent among those in the indus- 
 trial enterprise of carpentering and 
 building stands Mr. W. H. Sincell. Mr. 
 Sincell has been in this business in Wash- 
 ington for the past twenty-eight years, 
 the last two years at his present location, 
 643 Massachusetts avenue, where he oc- 
 cupies premises 20x40 feet in dimensions, 
 and well arranged for doing his shop 
 work. Employment is given to from 
 three to twelve competent workmen, who 
 are engaged for their skill and practical 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 235 
 
 knowledge of the trade. All kinds of 
 carpentering work is done, and build- 
 ing and jobbing contracts are taken on 
 the most reasonable terms, estimates are 
 given at any time, and repairing and 
 shop work is done neatly and promptly. 
 Mr. Sincell has built a great many of the 
 fine houses of the city, and in every case 
 has given thorough satisfaction. He was 
 born and educated in Frederick City, 
 Md., and has been a resident of Wash- 
 ington for over a quarter of a century, 
 during which time he has been connected 
 with the prosperity and business interests 
 of the city, and has been regarded as a 
 public-spirited citizen. 
 
 JOSEPH RAKEMAN, 
 Fresco Painter, 1207 6th street. 
 Mr. Joseph Eakeman is one of the best 
 artists in his line in the city, and has a very 
 extensive trade all over the District. He 
 has decorated many prominent public 
 buildings in the city, among them the 
 Capital, Executive Mansion, State De- 
 partment, Patent Office, &c. He estab- 
 lished himself in this business here about 
 five years ago, and immediately took a 
 leading place, and employment is given 
 only to first-class artists. Fresco decora- 
 tions, designs, and the painting of public 
 halls, churches, and private dwellings are 
 the specialties of this business, in all of 
 which he is a thorough and conscientious 
 artist. Mr. Rakeman since the establish- 
 ment of his business in this city has by 
 the superb quality of his work, made a 
 grand and meritorious success, having won 
 it by the superiority of his work and the 
 faithful fulfilling of all contracts. 
 
 J. A. CLARKSON & CO., 
 Contractors and Bricklayers, 1245 5th st. 
 
 In reviewing those well-known and 
 enterprising firms who have become 
 prominent in their special line of indus- 
 try, we notice the firm of J. A. Clarkson 
 & Co. The inception of this house dates 
 from 1880, and since its establishment 
 the trade has rapidly increased from 
 year to year, and the prospect for the 
 coming season is one that promises to tax 
 the firm to its utmost capacity. Employ- 
 ment is given to from five to forty work- 
 men, as the nature of the contract re- 
 quires. All kind of brickwork is con- 
 
 tracted for, and jobbing in general is a 
 specialty. A great many public and 
 private buildings in the city have been 
 built by this firm, and among others we 
 mention those of Lieut. Mason and Mrs. 
 Page and a number of others. Mr. 
 Clarkson was born and educated in 
 Washington, and since the establishment 
 of the business as a firm they have by 
 their reliable and straightforward busi- 
 ness principles, and the exercise of spe- 
 cial care to please all patrons, built up a 
 large trade. 
 
 ROUX & TAULELLE, 
 Importers of French Wines. Cognacs, 
 Champaigns and Cordials, 1747 Pa. ave. 
 Good wine is, like good friends, excep- 
 tionably found. For the supply of fami- 
 lies, dinner parties and evening entertain- 
 ments, and the trade in general with the 
 purest and finest brands of imported wines 
 and liquors, no better and more reliable 
 house can be found in the District than 
 the one of " Roux & Taulelle," located on 
 the north side of Pennsylvania avenue, 
 between 17th and 18th streets. Both are 
 of French descent, and born and raised in 
 the wine-producing districts, and their ex- 
 perience in handling the finest brands of 
 wines is very extensive. Only established 
 since October, 1883, the reputation of the 
 firm for handling only first-class goods is 
 already widespread. They import all the 
 French wines directly themselves, the 
 finer Chateau brands in cases and the ordi- 
 nary table wines in casks. The senior 
 member of the firm, Mr. V. Roux, has 
 been long and favorably known in the 
 Capital through his connection with the 
 management of commercial houses and 
 places of social intercourse. He came to 
 the United States in 1850, and has since 
 been closely connected with the wine trade 
 of the Capital. The house makes a specialty 
 of the fine brands of Burgundies and 
 champagnes, and keeps constantly a large 
 stock at hand of brandies, cordials, ab- 
 sinthe, vermouth, etc., and American na- 
 tive wines, such as California and Virginia 
 clarets and Catawba of the purest make. 
 To be short, the trade of the house em- 
 braces all kinds of the purest and best to 
 suit the taste of the most fastidious con- 
 noisseur. 
 
236 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 Establishment of John H. Magruder, on 
 New York Avenue. (See page 93.) 
 
 J. T. CLEMENTS, 
 
 Undertaker and Funeral Director, No. 
 
 1237 32d street. 
 
 The undertaking establishment of Mr. 
 J. T. Clements at 1237 32d street is justly 
 entitled to prominent recognition as one 
 of the leading houses of its class in the 
 District. The business was established 
 in 1872, and occupies premises particu- 
 larly neat and attractive, being 25 x 90 
 feet in extent and situated on one of the 
 principal thoroughfares of the city. A 
 fine stock of goods is carried, embracing 
 a varied assortment of burial caskets and 
 coffins of all sizes ond qualities. He is 
 fully prepared to meet any engagement 
 at the shortest notice, having all the neces- 
 sary equipments and conveniences per- 
 taining to the business that are to be found 
 in a first-class establishment. A number 
 of assistants are constantly employed, and 
 his facilities and manner of directing 
 funerals have given perfect satisfaction, 
 his prices being in harmony with the oc- 
 
 casion and proportioned to the quality of 
 materials used. As a branch of industry 
 sanctioned by custom no one is better pre- 
 pared to assist in bestowing the last tribute 
 to our dead than the subject of this sketch. 
 Mr. Clements was born and educated in 
 the District, and is well known and re- 
 spected, enjoying the confidence of the 
 whole community, and his agreeable man- 
 ners and consideration for the feelings of 
 others have made him a host of friends. 
 
 RICHARD A. EDMONSTON, 
 
 Contractor and Bricklayer, 1407 32d 
 
 street N. W. 
 
 Among the leading contractors and 
 bricklayers whose enterprise has given 
 conspicuous position to the industrial 
 arts, is Richard A. Edmonston, at 1407 
 32d street. This business was established 
 in 1857. He takes general contracts for 
 the brickwork of public and private 
 buildings, sewers, conduits, pavements, 
 &c, and a force is employed according to 
 the requirements of the contract. He 
 makes a specialty of setting steam boilers 
 and steam heating apparatus. Mr. Ed- 
 monston was born and educated in 
 Georgetown, and is well known for his 
 enterprise, ability, industry, and honora- 
 ble manner with which all his contracts 
 are executed. He enjoys the confidence 
 of the community, and is an experienced 
 measurer of all mechanical work, his ad- 
 vice and services in this respect being in 
 constant demand. From a moderate be- 
 ginning he has steadily increased the 
 scope of his operations and the extent of 
 his business, until now he ranks among 
 the leading representative business men 
 of this triving city. 
 
 AMAN'S RESTAURANT, 
 316 9th street N. W. 
 The fine establishment so popularly 
 known in this city as "Aman's " was es- 
 ttblished in 1864. Frequented only by 
 the best of our society, "Aman's " is known 
 far and near, and wherever it is known 
 the quality of its supplies and the ele- 
 gance of its appointments have become 
 proverbial. The entire ground floor of 
 the building, covering an area of 30 x 
 150 feet, is devoted to the restaurant and 
 bar and the dining-room. The oyster bar, 
 joining the restaurant, is constantly pro- 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 237 
 
 vided with the best " Blue Points " and 
 " Saddle Rocks," while any other delicacy 
 in that line constantly adorns the coun- 
 ters. In the rear of the ground floor is 
 the capacious dining-room, covering an 
 area of" 30 x 60 feet, elegantly fitted up 
 for the purpose. At all hours of the day 
 the ''cuisine," proverbially known for its 
 perfection, is in readiness to cater to the 
 taste of the most fastidious. Besides being 
 renowned for its elegant appointments as 
 a restaurant, "Aman's" is a veritable pic- 
 ture gallery, including some of the most 
 valuable original works of art, among 
 which is represented some of the best 
 American and foreign talent. In one 
 word, a visit to Aman's will be enjoyed 
 by the most fastidious as well as by the 
 most refined lover of art. Mr. Aman, 
 the proprietor of this favorite place, is a 
 native of Baden, Germany, and came to 
 this country in 1852, and has been in 
 business in Washington for a number of 
 years. 
 
 C. F. BENNETT, 
 
 Shipwright, Caulker, Boat Builder, etc., 
 
 cor. 11th and Water sts. S. W. 
 
 The business of boat building requires 
 the most consummate skill in the way of 
 true mechanical education and genius. 
 In this line the establishment of C. F. 
 Bennett, shipwright, caulker, boat builder 
 and spar maker on the corner of 11th and 
 Water streets S. W., holds a prominent 
 place in this city. He occupies at this 
 location a building 20 x 47 feet in dimen- 
 sions, and as business demands employs 
 from 5 to 15 hands. Mr. Bennett, w 7 ho 
 is 39 years of age, is a native of Phila- 
 delphia, where he learned his trade, com- 
 mencing at the age of 22. In addition 
 to his specialty of boat building, he is 
 an excellent caulker and spar maker, and 
 is held both as an expert in his branch of 
 business and a gentleman of extended 
 business capacity, who attends to all calls 
 for his work promptly and seems to give 
 universal satisfaction. 
 
 LOUIS BAILLIEUX, 
 
 Florist, S. W. cor. Connecticut Avenue 
 
 and M street N. W. 
 
 One of the leading establishments in 
 the city of Washington devoted to this 
 important and interesting department of 
 
 industry is that conducted by Mr. L. Bail- 
 leux, who commenced business about 20 
 years ago on a moderate and unpretentious 
 scale, occupying then the same place as 
 at present. The premises are about 200 
 feet square, and one large greenhouse 
 40 x 80 feet and heated by steam pipes is 
 used. Employment is given to four as- 
 sistants, who thoroughly understand the 
 business. A specialty is made of cut 
 flowers, and in his line Mr. Bailleaux has a 
 high reputation, possessing as he does the 
 rarest and most costly varieties of foreign 
 and native flowering plants, vines and 
 shrubs, with a profusion of exotic and 
 tropical plants. In superb floral decora- 
 tions, including wedding or funeral 
 wreaths, designs for special entertain- 
 ments and devices in original and artistic 
 forms he has few equals in the city. He 
 numbers among his patrons a large pro- 
 portion of the elite and most aristocratic 
 citizens of Washington. Mr. Bailleux 
 was born and educated in France, and has 
 been a resident of this city for about 20 
 years. He has been engaged in floricul- 
 tural pursuits since childhood, and as a 
 botanist and florist has few equals. 
 
 GEORGE B. LOCKHART, 
 
 Pharmacist, 1344 32d street. 
 Among those who have long occupied a 
 leading position in the drug business in the 
 western part of the city there are none more 
 complete than the above establishment. 
 The business was opened in 1879 by J. D. 
 Bowman, who was succeeded by Mr. Lock- 
 hart in 1880. Handsome and convenient 
 premises are occupied, 25 x 50 feet in di- 
 mensions, and fitted up in modern style 
 for the pharmacist's business. A large 
 stock containing everything usually found 
 in a first-class drug store is constantly 
 kept on hand, among which are drugs, 
 medicines, toilet soaps, perfumery, shoul- 
 der braces, trusses, sponges, and all kinds 
 of druggist's sundries. Physicians' pre- 
 scriptions are carefully compounded and 
 orders attended to with care and dispatch. 
 Mr. Lockhart was born and educated in 
 Virginia, and came to the District in 1872. 
 He is a young and enterprising gentleman 
 who has built up a fine business which is 
 steadily on the increase. Enjoying the 
 confidence of the community, his future 
 promises still more substantial results. 
 
238 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 JOHN H. SCHULTZE, 
 Cigar Manufacturer, 2913 M street. 
 Among those prominently engaged in 
 this business is Mr. John H. Schultze. 
 The business was established in 1865, and 
 the premises occupied are handsomely 
 fitted up, being 24 x 120 feet in dimen- 
 sions. A large and well assorted stock is 
 carried, embracing everything to be found 
 in a first-class tobacco store, including the 
 most popular brands of cigars, tobaccos, 
 cigarettes, smoking tobacco, pipes, &c. 
 The cigars are principally of his own 
 manufacture, of which he makes a speci- 
 alty, and in which only the best stock is 
 used. Mr. Schultze was born and educated 
 in Germany, and came to this country in 
 1848. For nearly twenty years he has 
 successfully followed this business, and 
 has established a reputation for keeping 
 on hand a good supply of the very best 
 goods to be obtained in the District, and 
 has a large trade throughout the city. 
 He has a host of friends who appreciate 
 him personally and his efforts to please all. 
 
 D. BROOME, 
 
 Groceries and Provisions, cor. S and 
 15th st. 
 
 Among those in the foremost rank in 
 this branch of trade in the northern por- 
 tion of the city, is that of Mr. D. 
 Broome, located at the corner of 15th 
 S streets. This business was founded 
 about one year ago by the present pro- 
 prietor, and from its location it has 
 ranked high in favor with a large patron- 
 age, and is doing a constantly increasing 
 business. The premises occupied are 
 well arranged for conducting the busi- 
 ness and properly displaying the stock, 
 being about 20x30 feet in dimensions. 
 Employment is given to two assistants 
 Avho thoroughly understand the business 
 in all its branches. A general line of 
 staple and fancy groceries is carried, in- 
 cluding teas, coffees, spices, canned goods, 
 grocers' sundries, fresh meats, fruits, 
 vegetables, butter and milk, and every- 
 thing is to be found in a first-class stock 
 of groceries and provisions. Mr. Broome, 
 the proprietor, was born and educated in 
 Montgomery County, Md., and has been 
 a resident of Washington for the past 
 year, during which time he has been con- 
 nected with its business interests. 
 
 A. T. BACHE, 
 
 Carpenter and Builder, 219 4 J st N.W. 
 Among the many prominent carpenters 
 and builders that have by their fine work 
 helped to make Washington what it is in 
 the way of fine houses and thus aided in 
 beautifying the city, is Mr. A. T. Bache, 
 located at 219 4 J street N. W. Mr. Bache 
 established himself in business at the 
 present place about seven years ago, and 
 owing to the location and the rapid de- 
 velopment of that portion of the city, has 
 built up a large and extensive business. 
 Employment is given to from three to ten 
 assistants, according to the work on hand 
 and the season, all of whom are engaged 
 for their practical knowledge of the busi- 
 ness. Carpenter work and building con- 
 tracts are taken for all kinds of buildings, 
 jobbing, repairing, and stair building being 
 made a specialty, and in all cases satisfac- 
 tion is guaranteed. Mr. Bache has been 
 a resident of the city for a number of 
 years, and has been closely identified with 
 the industrial enterprises of the city. 
 
 E. WALSH. 
 
 Groceries and Provisions, Cor. 4th and 
 
 K streets. 
 
 Many of the most successful business 
 houses in Washington are the outgrowth of 
 a small and carefully managed beginning. 
 Among the most popular houses begin- 
 ning in this way in the section of the city 
 where situated is that of E. Walsh, lo- 
 cated at the corner of 4th and K streets. 
 This business was established about 
 twenty years ago, and from the date of 
 its foundation it has had a strong hold on 
 the public's patronage. The store is about 
 30x40 feet in dimensions, and well ar- 
 ranged to display the stock and conduct 
 the business. Fine family groceries, pro- 
 visions, cigars, tobaccos, and a full line 
 of goods pertaining to this line of busi- 
 ness is always to be found in stock. The 
 business is largely confined to the section 
 of the city where situated, and is con- 
 stantly increasing through its good man- 
 agement. Mrs. E. Walsh was born in 
 Ireland, and came to Washington when 
 quite young, and here received her edu- 
 cation. She is a lady of energy and en- 
 terprise, and her well-deserved success 
 has been gained by the popular manner 
 in which her affairs are conducted. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 239 
 
 P. STANTON, 
 Baker, 2317 L street N. W. 
 Among those who sustain a high repu- 
 tation in this branch of industry is P. 
 Stanton, whose bakery is located at 2317 
 L street N. W. This house was established 
 about nine years ago by the present pro- 
 prietor in a small and modest manner, 
 and he has had the satisfaction of seeing 
 it grow to become one of the leading busi- 
 nesses in the western part of the city. 
 Employment is given to from three to 
 seven men, and two wagons are required 
 to deliver the products to his numerous 
 patrons throughout the city, many of 
 whom are dealers whom he supplies with 
 all the bread used. The premises occu- 
 pied are 30 x 90 feet in dimensions and 
 well arranged with all the modern fa- 
 cilities for conducting the business. Bread 
 of all kinds is made as well as cakes and 
 buscuits, and only the best flour and other 
 materials are used in the manufacture. 
 Mr. Stanton was born and educated in 
 Ireland, and came to America in 1867, 
 and has been a resident of Washington 
 for the past twelve years, during which 
 time he has been closely identified with 
 the commercial interests of the city, its 
 growth and prosperity. 
 
 L. SIMMONS & CO., 
 Stair Builders, 804 M street N. W. 
 Among the prominent stair builders of 
 the city is the Arm of L. Simmons & Co., 
 located at 804 M street N. W. This busi- 
 ness was established at its present location 
 during the early part of the present year, 
 and the business has from the very start 
 exceeded their expectation. The premises 
 occupied are 12 x 40 feet in dimensions, 
 and well arranged for doing the smaller 
 work of their business. Carpenter work 
 and building contracts of all descriptions 
 are taken, and jobbing and repairing are 
 promptly attended to, with the leading 
 specialty of stair building. Employment 
 is given to from two to ten workmen, as 
 the season and work on hand demands, 
 and in all casses has satisfaction been 
 given. The Messrs. Simmons & Co. are 
 thorough and practical workmen, under- 
 standing the business in all its branches. 
 Their success has been one that is well 
 deserved, while their future prospects 
 promise still more substantial results. 
 
 JOHN WEIDEMANS 
 
 Bakery and Confectionery, corner 7th 
 
 and D streets S. W. 
 
 One of the most popular bakeries in 
 the southwestern part of the city is that 
 of Mr. John Weideman. His establish- 
 ment is supplied with all the necessary 
 appliances for successfully conducting the 
 business, and an ample stock is carried 
 at all times. The premises are 18 x 90 
 feet in dimensions, and from 1 to 3 as- 
 sistants are regularly employed according 
 to the season and trade. The business 
 was originally established in 1869 on D 
 street, being transferred to its present 
 location in 1880. One wagon is con- 
 stantly in use delivering goods to custom- 
 ers in various sections of the city, and his 
 trade is steadily increasing. All kinds 
 of baking are done, such as family bread 
 and biscuits, and wedding and other cakes 
 are a specialty, in every case satisfaction 
 being guaranteed. Mr. Weideman was 
 born and educated in Germany, and came 
 to this country and to Washington in 
 1862, where he has since resided with the 
 exception of 10 months, during which he 
 was doing active service in the war as a 
 member of the 20th New York Cavalry, 
 and there made an honorable and meri- 
 torious record as a soldier. 
 
 WM. F. LUTZ, 
 
 Engraver, and Manufacturer of Rubber 
 
 Stamps, 626 G street N. W. 
 
 Perhaps there is no other industrial 
 art, which, in America, reaches so great a 
 state of perfection as that of wood and 
 metal engraving, and this country is 
 noted all over the world for its eminent 
 place in this art. It is proper to men- 
 tion Mr. William F. Lutz, who has been 
 identified with this business for some 
 years in this city. He established his 
 business here in 1872, and occupies prem- 
 ises 18 x 60 feet, and employs 4 assist- 
 ants, efficient artists in their craft. All 
 kinds of engraving on wood and metal 
 are done, and the manufacture of rubber 
 stamps, wax seals and seal presses, dating 
 and plain stamps of all patterns, is also 
 carried on. Wood engraving for adver- 
 tising illustrations or posters, wedding 
 and visiting cards, steel stamps and alpha- 
 bets, regalias, emblems and jewels for 
 lodges and societies, are also manufac- 
 
240 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 tured in the best style. Telephonic con- 
 nection is had with all parts of the city, 
 and orders are promptly executed. Mr. 
 Lutz takes especial pride in the excellence 
 of his work, which is all executed in the 
 highest style of art, however intricate the 
 design may be. His patronage extends 
 to all parts of the District and adjoining 
 States, while his business is rapidly and 
 steadily on the increase. Mr. Lutz has 
 had a thorough and practical experience 
 of over 26 years in this business, and is 
 therefore perfectly acquainted with all 
 branches of it. By his steady and per- 
 sistent attention to the demands of the 
 trade, and his indefatigable zeal in en- 
 deavoring to give perfect satisfaction to 
 all of his customers, he has won a large 
 business. 
 
 W. E. BOWEN, 
 
 Mechanical Draftsman, Room No. 7 
 
 Marble Building, 607 7th st. N. W. 
 
 In 1879 Mr. W. E. Bowen founded his 
 business at the above location as a me- 
 chanical draftsman. He does all kinds 
 of mechanical engraving, designing for 
 photo-engraving, photo-lithography, and 
 perspectives of machinery, &c. His busi- 
 ness is large in the city, and extends 
 throughout the United States. He is 
 prepared and qualified to execute any 
 work in his line in a thorough and artistic 
 manner. Mr. Bowen was born and edu- 
 cated in Washington, and is a young man 
 full of energy and enterprise, as well as 
 being a thorough artist. His future suc- 
 cess promises well. All work entrusted 
 to him will receive skillful treatment. 
 
 W. H. ALBURGER, 
 Manufacturer of Trunks, 519 seventh 
 St., N. W. 
 Among the important manufacturing 
 enterprises of the city is the trunk man- 
 ufactory of W. H. Alburger, located at 
 519 7th street N. W. This business was 
 established in 1882 by the present pro- 
 prietor, who was for a period of fifteen 
 years superintendent of Topham's Trunk 
 Factory. The premises occupied are 
 25x60 feet in dimensions, and well ar- 
 ranged for the business. Employment is 
 given to two skilled assistants, who are 
 thoroughly practical in the business. A 
 large stock of assorted trunks of his own 
 
 manufacture is constantly on hand, and 
 all kinds of trunks are manufactured in 
 best styles and variety. In the jobbing 
 department he is without a rival, and of- 
 fers trunks of all descriptions at prices 
 which cannot be approached by the gen- 
 eral dealers. Mr. Alburger was born in 
 Philadelphia in 1826, and was educated 
 there. Since the establishment of his 
 business in this city he has by his practi- 
 cal experience in the trade, as well as by 
 his excellent business methods, achieved 
 a large success. 
 
 MAURIS FITZGERALD, 
 
 Carriage and "Wagon Builder, No. 2703 
 
 M street N, W. 
 
 Mr. Mauris Fitzgerald established his 
 business of carriage and wagon builder, 
 at 2703 M street in 1880, where the 
 premises occupied are 25 x 50 feet in di- 
 mensions. Employment is given to four 
 hands, and the manufacture of wagons 
 and carriages, both heavy and light, is 
 carried on to a considerable extent. A 
 specialty is made of repairing, which is 
 promptly and neatly done. Opposite is 
 the painting and trimming branches of 
 the establishment. Mr. Fitzgerald was 
 born in Washington in 1856, and received 
 his education here, and is a young and 
 enterprising gentleman whose business 
 was commenced in a small way, but which 
 has gradually increased until now he has 
 a large and growing patronage which is 
 rapidly extending. 
 
 FLODOARDO W. HOWARD, 
 Architectural and Mechaincal Drafts- 
 man, Room 58, Le Droit Building. 
 
 Mr. Howard established his business in 
 1854, and has a success that has placed 
 him in the front rank of mechanical 
 draftsmen in Washington. He has had 
 an experience of 22 years with the Gov- 
 ernment, and was engaged on the work 
 of the Capitol extension, the Patent Office, 
 Post Office Department, and was also em- 
 ployed in the Supervising Architect's 
 office of the Treasury Department. An 
 experience of five years in the Patent 
 Office as skilled draftsman, has specially 
 qualified him to undertake drawings for 
 United States and foreign patents. Per- 
 spective views of machinery, designs and 
 drawings for photo-engraving, photo-litho- 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 241 
 
 graphy, and all other kinds of architect- 
 ural and mechanical drawings are exe- 
 cuted. Mr. Howard was born and edu- 
 cated in Washington, and is considered 
 as among the very best artists in his line 
 in the country, and his success has been 
 one of a flattering nature to him. 
 
 WM. Z. PARTELLO, 
 Contractor and Builder. 
 This prominent builder and master 
 mechanic is a native of Ohio, and was 
 born at Zanesville in that State in the 
 year 1850 Jan. 3d. Mr. Partello has been 
 a resident of Washington for about 12 
 years, and first began business here some 
 years ago as a wood and coal dealer. His 
 success, as a builder, is remarkable, seem- 
 ing to possess all those traits so seldom 
 found, which are indispensible to the suc- 
 cessful man in this branch of industry. 
 Mr. Partello began in the building and con- 
 tracting business about eight years ago, 
 without means other than his bare hands, 
 but with his push and driving enterprise, 
 coupled with his natural bent and genius 
 for the business, he has rapidly worked 
 his way to a leading and prominent place. 
 The magnitude of his operations now 
 necessitate the constant employment of a 
 force of workmen running from 100 to 
 150, and his pay roll is one of the largest 
 in the city, as only first-class workmen 
 are employed. From his small beginning, 
 only eight years ago, Mr. Partello now 
 owns without incumbrance over fifty well 
 constructed houses, his properties being 
 well known for their thorough workman- 
 ship and complete appointments, as he 
 makes it a point to carry out in all his 
 structures a constant system of improve- 
 ments, aiming to make each house which 
 he builds a little superior to the one pre- 
 ceding it. In this way he has secured a 
 list of properties the most desirable in 
 Washington. 
 
 He holds his properties for sale, either 
 for cash down or on the instalment plan, 
 the latter enabling people of limited 
 means, or those on salary to purchase and 
 pay for a fine home for just what they 
 would pay for rent for the same. In this 
 way Mr. Partello has been a benefactor 
 to a large number of people in this city, 
 who own comfortable homes to-day 
 through this admirable plan. Mr. Par- 
 16 
 
 tello is eminently a self-made man, and 
 one who has much more than the ordinary 
 amount of what is popularly known as 
 "grit" and determination. He is an en- 
 thusiastic believer in the future of Wash- 
 ington as a great city and is a strong ad- 
 vocate of the idea for making it a great 
 city superior to any of the capitals of the 
 old world and which he hopes to aid in 
 accomplishing. 
 
 J. B. GAUTRON, 
 
 Maufacturer of French Bon-Bons, 806 
 
 I street, bet. 8th and 9th. 
 
 The establishment of J. B. Gautron of 
 the " Confiserie Parisienne," wholesale and 
 retail manufacturer ot superfine French 
 bon-bons, is a model in its line. The 
 business was established about ten years 
 ago by the present proprietor, and occu- 
 pies premises at 806 I street and also on 
 G street between twelfth and thirteenth 
 streets N. W. and the business gives con- 
 stant employment to two skilled makers 
 of fine French candies. The specialty of 
 the house is the very finest French bon- 
 bons, and only the purest ingredients and 
 the finest fruit flavorings are used in their 
 production, and his candies have more 
 than a local reputation. Mr. Gautron 
 was born and educated in France, and 
 has lived in America for twenty-six years, 
 and has been a resident of this city since 
 1873. He is thoroughly conversant with 
 all the details of the business, and since 
 the establishment of his business here has 
 been very successful, a deserved compli- 
 ment to his energy and business qualities. 
 
 H. WETZEL, 
 
 Wagon Maker, 1683 32d st. 
 No house in the city enjoys a better 
 reputation for the excellence of its 
 wagons and carriages than that of Mr. 
 H. Wetzel, located at 1683 32d street. 
 Mr. Wetzel commenced his business with 
 moderate means about fifteen years ago, 
 since which time he has given it his un- 
 divided attention, and has built up a 
 flourishing trade. The business occupies 
 premises 27x150 feet in dimensions, well 
 adapted to the business, facing on a 
 prominent thoroughfare. He has all 
 the necessary equipments for successfully 
 prosecuting his business, and is prepared 
 at all times to build or repair wagons, 
 
242 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 and carriages of all kinds, and to do a 
 general wheelwrighting business. He 
 has, adjoining his place, a well-fitted up 
 shop for wheelwriting and blacksmith- 
 ing. Mr. Wetzel -was born and educated 
 in the District, and is an intelligent and 
 industrious man, who is deserving of his 
 popularity and the confidence reposed in 
 him. He has a number of able assist- 
 ants in his employ, and guarantees satis- 
 faction in every case. 
 
 ALBERT STEPHAN, 
 Carpenter and Builder, 1306 14th street. 
 In all the wide range of indnstrial pur- 
 suits there is none that is of more im- 
 portance than that of the carpenter and 
 builder. To him the city of Washington 
 owes much ; her residences are the most 
 beautiful in the world, while her car- 
 penters and builders must necessarily be 
 the best in their profession. Among the 
 leading carpenters and builders of the 
 city is the subject of this sketch, Mr. Al- 
 bert Stephan, whose shop is located at 
 1306 14th street. Mr. Stephan established 
 himself in business about two years ago, 
 and was soon recognized as a thorough 
 and practical artist in his profession. Em- 
 ployment is given to from three to ten 
 workmen, as the season and contracts re- 
 quire, all of whom are engaged for their 
 thorough knowledge of the various 
 branches of the business. All kinds of 
 carpenter work, building, contraeting, job- 
 bing and repairing is done, and fine work 
 of all kinds is undertaken, and in every 
 case satisfaction is guaranteed. Mr. Ste- 
 phan was born in Berks County, Penn- 
 sylvania, and served his apprenticeship 
 in Philadelphia, coming to Washington 
 in 1872. 
 
 kind and description, making a specialty 
 of penny goods, for which they have a 
 very large and increasing business. Mr. 
 McQuade was born and educated in 
 Pennsylvania, and Mr. Sohns was born 
 and educated in St. Louis, Mo. They 
 employ none but thoroughly skilled 
 hands, and make a specialty of pure 
 goods only, which they sell as low as such 
 goods can be put. They are thoroughly 
 reliable, and by the public and dealers 
 are known to be business men well worthy 
 of their esteem and confidence. Their 
 trade is a fine one, extending throughout 
 the District. 
 
 McQUADE & SOHNS, 
 Manufacturers & Dealers In Plain Can- 
 dies, 1323 7th st. N. W. 
 
 Among those who have a high place 
 among the most notable manufacturers 
 in his line is the firm of McQuade & 
 Sohns. The business was established in 
 1875, removed to the present location in 
 1882, where they occupy premises 20x100 
 feet in dimensions, and give employment 
 to six workmen skilled in this branch of 
 industry. They are dealers in and man- 
 ufacturers of fine plain candies of every 
 
 THOS. J. KING, 
 
 Architect, Contractor and Builder, 407 
 
 13)4 street N. W. 
 
 To be a good architect, carpenter and 
 builder, requires years of study, a natural 
 talent, a practical education in active ser- 
 vice, and a thorough mechanical training 
 such as is possessed by Mr. Thos. J. 
 King, many evidences of whose skill are 
 to be seen in the District and city. Mr. 
 King has been established in this city for 
 about eleven years, and in his business 
 employs 25 men, all of whom are engaged 
 for their especial ability and skill. The 
 premises occupied as an office and work- 
 shop are located at 407 13 £ street. Mr. 
 King is a practical architect as well as 
 a carpenter and builder, and makes a 
 specialty of designing and erecting both 
 public and private dwellings, as well as 
 contracting to furnish the house complete 
 down to the smallest articles. Among a 
 great many we mention as houses of his 
 designing and construction the eight houses 
 built by him for Judge L. W. Vail, of 
 Iowa, and General Grant on the Iowa 
 Circle. He invariably superintends the 
 erection of all buildings which he plans 
 and designs. Mr. King was born in Sa- 
 vannah, Ga., educated in New York city, 
 and has been a resident of Washington 
 for the past eleven years. He is the 
 treasurer of the Carroll Institute and 
 secretary of the Master Builders' Asso- 
 ciation of the District of Columbia, and 
 during the eleven years of his residence 
 here he has met with signal success and 
 holds a front rank among the first archi- 
 tects and builders. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 243 
 
 S. J. HAISLETT, 
 
 Store and Veranda Awnings, &c, 817 
 
 Market Space. 
 
 Among the leading representatives en- 
 gaged in this industry is Mr. S. J. Hais- 
 lett, of 817 Market Space. He estab- 
 lished his business in 1878, at the above 
 location, where he occupies premises on 
 the third floor 24 x 70 feet in dimensions, 
 employing from 3 to 6 hands. Mr. Hais- 
 lett is a native of Maryland and is 47 
 years of age. He learned his trade in 
 Boston, being an apprentice for 4 years 
 in the sailmaking trade, where he was in 
 this business for 19 years, and for 10 
 years in Philadelphia. He came to 
 Washington and started in business six 
 years ago. He learned all the branches 
 of his trade, and manufactures all classes 
 of goods in his line. Mr. Haislett is a 
 gentleman who stands high in commer- 
 cial repute and integrity, and few are 
 better known in the commercial circles 
 or among the fraternity of sailmakers. 
 
 A. C. COLUMBUS, 
 Photographer, 805 Market Space, 
 
 Though only established since 1882, 
 the young and talented proprietor of this 
 establishment has at present the leading 
 tin-type custom in the city. Mr. Colum- 
 bus, who is a native of this city, where he 
 was born in 1862, makes a specialty of 
 this branch of his business. Being ably 
 assisted by the services of his wife, Mr. 
 Columbus has already succeeded in build- 
 ing up a fine and growing trade. Besides 
 attending to all the details of the photo- 
 graphic art in general, Mr. Columbus 
 makes a specialty of the copying and en- 
 larging of old pictures. A call at his 
 studio, at 805 Market space, 2d floor, will 
 be appreciated by all who wish neat re- 
 productions at reasonable prices. 
 
 R. A. WHITEHAND, 
 
 Silver Plater, Rubber Stamps, &c, 804 
 
 D street N. W. 
 
 This enterprise was entered upon in 
 1862, and the house is a popular one in 
 its line. Mr. Whitehand occupies a build- 
 ing 15 x 25 feet in dimensions, and em- 
 ploys three workmen. He does all kinds 
 of work in the line of silver plating, mak- 
 ing a specialty of rubber stamps and 
 stencils. For general engraving, stencil 
 
 cutting, manufacturing brass dies for 
 marking boxes, and the making and en- 
 graving of brass signs for door fronts, no 
 better house can be found. Particular 
 attention is paid to gold, silver, and nickel 
 plating, and the reputation of Mr. White- 
 hand is well known and appreciated in 
 this industry. Mr. Whitehand is a native 
 of Baltimore, but came to Washington 
 when a mere boy, and is a thoroughly 
 practical plater and stamp maker. 
 
 GEORGE P. SCHAFFER, 
 Plumber and Gas Fitter, 635 D st. N. W. 
 
 Mr. Schaffer, whose name appears in 
 the heading of this article, is an expe- 
 rienced practical plumber, a profession 
 to which he has devoted his zeal and en- 
 ergy for more than a score of years. 
 He keeps on hand a large stock of the 
 best patent appliances of the newest pat- 
 terns, and makes a specialty of introduc- 
 ing sanitary arrangements in newly 
 erected buildings, and altering the same 
 in old houses. He attends personally to 
 all work entrusted to his care. Mr. 
 Schaffer has the only place in the Dis- 
 trict for the sale of small and large 
 aquariums in all sizes, some of which are 
 of interesting and original designs. Mr. 
 George Schaffer is a native of Germany, 
 where he was born in 1828. He came to 
 this country in 1848, and to Washington 
 in 1863, and since has constantly resided 
 in our midst. He is an expert in his 
 difficult profession, and his experience as 
 a practical plumber, a business in which 
 he has been engaged since 1865, has given 
 him a wide-spread reputation as a 
 thoroughly reliable and skillful work- 
 man. 
 
 H. C. EWALD, 
 Baker and Confectioner, 719 7th street. 
 Among the leading establishments of a 
 commercial nature in this city is, that of 
 H. C. Ewald, baker and confectioner, at 
 719 7th street. The business is that of a 
 general manufacturer of confectionery, 
 pastry, &c, and is a model in its way. 
 He unites w 7 ith his confectionery the bus- 
 iness of baker, and conducts a good trade 
 in making wedding and fancy cakes to 
 order. He also keeps ice cream in stock, 
 and is prepared to furnish parties, wed- 
 dings, receptions, &c, on short notice. 
 
244 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 The famous French drip coffee and fancy 
 cakes, hot rolls and an elegant lunch are 
 there to be found at all times. This bus- 
 iness was established in 1877 by the pres- 
 ent proprietor, and it occupies premises 
 12 x 109 feet in dimensions and gives em- 
 ployment to 3 skilled assistants. The 
 business is wholesale and retail and is 
 very large, with a gradual and healthy 
 increase. Only the best of materials are 
 used, and the public can always rely upon 
 the purity of Ewald's manufacture. Mr. 
 Ewald was born and educated in Ger- 
 many, and has been a resident of this 
 city for about 25 years. 
 
 ness. All kinds of jewelry are manufac- 
 tured, both for the trade and for private 
 persons, from any design however intri- 
 cate, and repairing is attended to promptly. 
 Filagree and other work in gold and sil- 
 ver and mounting precious stones is made 
 a specialty, as Mr. Desio is a skillful lapi- 
 dary of long experieuce. He was born 
 and educated in Palermo, Italy, where he 
 learned the trade under the most skilled 
 of Italian masters, and is a very fine 
 artist in his line. He has been a resident 
 of Washington for about seven years, and 
 since establishing his business has, by his 
 good business attainments, built up a fine 
 trade. 
 
 J. H. GIBBONS, 
 
 Carpenter and Builder, 621 Louisiana 
 
 avenue. 
 
 Among the carpenters and builders of 
 this city who have become closely identi- 
 fied with the growth of the city, Mr. J. II. 
 Gibbons takes a leading rank. The bus- 
 iness was established about 12 years ago 
 by the present proprietor, and has from 
 the small beginning of that time increased 
 to its present ample proportions. The 
 premises occupied are located at 621 
 Louisiana avenue, and are 12 x 60 feet 
 in dimensions, and well arranged for the 
 making of the smaller work in his busi- 
 ness and jobbing. Employment is given 
 to from 2 to 20 competent mechanics. 
 Carpenter work of all kinds, jobbing, 
 building and repairing, is promptly done 
 and estimates given and contracts taken. 
 Mr. Gibbons was born and educated in 
 Maryland, and has been a resident of the 
 city of Washington for about 17 years. 
 His success has been gained by the supe- 
 riority of his work, fine business ability, 
 and the strict manner with which he ful- 
 fills all his contracts. 
 
 S. DESIO, 
 
 Manufacturing Jeweler, No. 439 9th 
 
 street N, W. 
 
 The manufacturing jeweler's trade in 
 Washington is very extensive, and some 
 of the best artisans in this line can here 
 be found. Among them aud ranking first 
 is Mr. S. Desio, who founded his house in 
 1883, and by strict attention to the busi- 
 ness and an intimate experience in all its 
 various branches as a working jeweler lias 
 built up a substantial and very fine busi- 
 
 PEARCE & MERTZ, 
 
 Carriage and Wagon Manufacturer, 
 
 1349 32d st. 
 
 Among the leading industries centered 
 here is the carriage and wagon manufac- 
 turing firm of Pearce and Mertz, 1349 
 32d st. The business was established 
 January 1, 1884, at this location, where 
 they occupy premises 30x100 feet in di- 
 mensions, and give employment to six 
 hands. They carry a fair stock of all 
 kinds of carriages and wagons, and are 
 prepared with the latest modern ma- 
 chinery to manufacture any kind of con- 
 veyances or vehicles. The best of mate- 
 rial will be used, and all work guaran- 
 teed. Mr. Pearce was born in England 
 in 1857, and received his education there,, 
 and came to this country in 1871. Mr. 
 Mertz was born in Pennsylvania in 1840, 
 and came to Washington in 1864. These 
 gentlemen have started this enterprise 
 and have fully equipped it, and are de- 
 termined to succeed, and hope by atten- 
 tion and promptness to merit the confi- 
 dence and patronage of the people. 
 
 THE PURITY DAIRY, DINING AND 
 
 LUNCH ROOMS, 
 
 S. W. cor. 11th & E sts. 
 
 This business was established in 1877, 
 and was succeeded to by Mr. Simonds in 
 1880, the property having been purchased 
 at that time, which is in one of the most 
 desirable locations in the city, and was 
 then rebuilt and finely furnished. This 
 house has acquired a popular reputation 
 and has the patronage of government 
 officials and the better class of citizens. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 245 
 
 At these lunch rooms any and everything 
 can be found in season at a most reason- 
 able price. The neatly appointed apart- 
 ments contain ample capacity for the ac- 
 commodation of the many guests, the 
 upper floors of the house being arranged 
 for family rooms and sleeping apartments 
 for the accommodation of sixty guests. 
 The desirable location and retired nature 
 of the premises have secured the house a 
 quiet and refined class of people connected 
 with private business enterprises and gov- 
 ernment departments. The proprietors, 
 Miss H. J. Mathewson and Mr. E. W. 
 Simonds, opened the house in 1881, and 
 after thoroughly renovating and hand- 
 somely refurnishing the premises, in 
 fact rebuilding them, making this one 
 of the first-class establishments of the kind 
 in the Capital. 
 
 W. MORRIS SMITH, 
 
 Solicitor of United States and Foreign 
 
 Patents, coiner 9th and F sts. N. W. 
 
 Born in Great Britain in 1819, Mr. 
 Smith came to this country in 1844, well 
 provided with the minute knowledge of a 
 mechanical engineer. Making Washing- 
 ton his home, he established himself as a 
 solicitor of patents in the year 1852, and 
 consequently ranks amongst the oldest 
 established in Washington. To inventors 
 especially we recommend a pleasant visit 
 to his laboratory, and those in need of 
 the services of a competent man in secur- 
 ing patents of any description will find 
 Mr. Smith equal to any emergency. Cor- 
 respondence is solicited. 
 
 sole agent. The doors of these show cases 
 are paneled so that they are not liable to 
 warn. Of this kind, the cases handled by 
 Mr. Scott have the reputation of being 
 and are rapidly gaining a reputation for 
 beauty of finish and durability in mate- 
 rial and honesty of construction in every 
 particular. 
 
 GEORGE A. SCOTT, 
 Dealer in Choice Havana Cigars and To- 
 bacco, 801 1-2 D street N. W. 
 
 Mr. Scott established himself at the 
 above place in the year 1879, occupying 
 the premises 801 £ D street N. W. He 
 handles all kinds of smokers' goods, and 
 also choice Havana cigars and tobacco. 
 Mr. Scott is a native of Washington and 
 about 54 years of age. He started the 
 tobacco business as above in 1875. His 
 son, T. W. Scott, is a native of Washing- 
 ton, 24 years of age. Mr. Scott also 
 combines the agency and manufacture of 
 show cases with his business, making a 
 specialty of the celebrated F. X. Ganter 
 Paris premium show case, of which he is 
 
 WILLIAM PHIPPS, 
 Engraver, 505 11th street N. W. 
 
 Among the most skilled and reliable 
 engravers of this city is Mr. William 
 Phipps. As a practical engraver of re- 
 markable skill he has but few superiors 
 in the Capital, and he has no hesitation 
 in guaranteeing satisfaction in all cases. 
 This business was established in 1878, 
 and occupies premises 12 x 12 feet in di- 
 mensions. . All kinds of engraving are 
 carried on, and a stock of jewelry and 
 silverware is carried. Mr. Phipps was 
 born and educated in London, England, 
 and is about 64 years of age, and has 
 been a resident of Washington for about 
 50 years. He is well known iu the trade 
 of the city as being a first-class workman 
 and a practical artist in his line, and as a 
 genial and gentlemanly business man. 
 
 THOMAS H. MARSHALL, 
 Photograph Artist, 927 Penna. ave. 
 This popular and well-known gallery 
 enjoys a reputation that extends beyond 
 the city, numbering among its patrons 
 residents of all parts of the country. The 
 gallery was established by Mr. Marshall 
 February 1, 1884, as a successor to Mr. 
 Kirby. The premises occupied are spa- 
 cious, conveniently arranged, eligibly lo- 
 cated, and supplied with all the latest 
 improvements known to the art, and are 
 15x60 feet in dimensions. The reception, 
 operating, and studio rooms are elegantly 
 fittted up, and contain fine specimens of 
 photographic work. Two assistants are 
 given employment, and a specialty is 
 made in fine photographs. Mr. Mar- 
 shall was born and educated in Alexan- 
 dria, Va., and is about twenty-five years 
 of age. He has been in Washington 
 about six years. He is a skilled* artist, 
 and turns out work of the very highest 
 order. Citizens and strangers alike will 
 find " The Palace Gallery " one of the 
 most attractive of its kind in the Capital. 
 
246 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 FADELEY & BRO. 
 
 Livery Stables, Offices: Metropolitan 
 Hotel, and 422 and 424 Eighth st. N. W. 
 
 This firm established business in 1875 
 in their present quarters. They have a 
 large and commodious building, conve- 
 niently fitted up with modern improve- 
 ments, the second story of which is used 
 as a carriage repository. They keep a 
 boarding and hiring stable, and their 
 reputation is such that all who patronize 
 them are well satisfied that animals left 
 in their charge will receive good treat- 
 ment, care, and attention. They have a 
 large stock of carriages, coupees, and bug- 
 gies, and employ at present twelve 
 hands, and have belonging to them and 
 under their charge sixty-five horses. 
 These gentlemen were born and educated 
 in Virginia, and evince all the peculiar 
 characteristics of the true Virginia gen- 
 tleman. One brother (Mr. Henry Fade- 
 ley) keeps the same kind of an estab- 
 lishment in Leesburg, and also has con- 
 nected with it a sales stable. They make 
 a specialty of pleasing all comers and 
 furnishing any kind of vehicle required, 
 having turn-outs to suit all tastes, spirited 
 horses, and experienced and careful 
 drivers. 
 
 W. B. ENTWISLE & CO., 
 
 Druggists and Pharmacists, 12th and 
 
 Pennsylvania Avenue N. W. 
 
 The establishment of W. B. Entwisle & 
 Co. is one of the most prominently located 
 of the kind in the District. It has spa- 
 cious fronts, both upon Pennsylvania ave- 
 nue and 12th street, with an attractive 
 window display. The stock of drugs, 
 chemicals, fancy goods, toilet articles, etc., 
 here carried is an extensive one, every- 
 thing about the store being very neat and 
 well arranged, including a handsome soda- 
 water fountain. The late Mr. Entwisle, 
 the founder of the business, was born in 
 the city of Alexandria, Va., and after 
 leaving his native town and residing for 
 several years in Philadelphia he came to 
 Washington and established himself in 
 business at the above location in 1859, 
 25 years ago. He was one of the founders, 
 and was at the time of his death one of 
 the Board of Trustees of the District of 
 Columbia School of Pharmacy. 
 
 EDWARD KUBEL, 
 
 Manufacturei of Astronomical & Geodet- 
 ical Instruments, 326-28 1st st. N. E. 
 
 The 19th century could very properly 
 be called the age of practical mechanism, 
 not from its first discovery, but from sci- 
 entific methods devised for converting it 
 in its best form to practical human needs. 
 In this connection it is eminently proper 
 to make mention of Mr. Edward Kubel, 
 manufacturer of astronomical and geo- 
 detical instruments. The premises occu- 
 pied are 15 x 32 feet in extent, and in 
 the business employment is given to from 
 7 to 8 skilled workmen. A gas engine 
 of 4-horse power furnishes the motor, af- 
 fording all the facilities for manufactur- 
 ing everything in this line. The house 
 manufactures micrometers, telescopes, 
 transit instruments, dipleidoscopes, zenith 
 instruments, prismatic transits, altitude 
 instruments, theodolites, solar attach- 
 ments, leveling instruments, gradieators, 
 sextants, heliostats, magnetometer, spec- 
 troscopes, spectrometers, and all other 
 kinds of instruments of this description. 
 The business is principally for the U. S. 
 Government, and extends through the 
 various States. Mr. Kubel was born and 
 educated in Germany and came to this 
 country in 1849. He has had an expe- 
 rience of over 50 years in his business 
 and is the founder of this enterprise. 
 
 M 
 
 FORD BROS., 
 
 Brickmakers, South Capitol and 
 streets. 
 
 The brickyard of the Ford Bros, is 
 well stocked with a superior quality of 
 bricks and contains a first-class equip- 
 ment of all the best modern appliances 
 and accessories useful or necessary in this 
 line of business. The plant was estab- 
 lished in 1862 at the present location, 
 where the premises occupied cover an 
 area of two acres, and in the business em- 
 ployment is given to 60 workmen. All 
 kinds of pressed bricks are manufactured 
 and a stock of a superior quality of ordi- 
 nary bricks is kept on hand, while the 
 capacity of the yards is such as to enable 
 them to fill all orders on the shortest no- 
 tice with promptness and dispatch. Both 
 gentlemen are practical workmen and 
 give their personal attention to the busi- 
 ness. Most of their brick are disposed of 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 247 
 
 in the city and surrounding country, and 
 are spoken of in a very high manner by 
 the various builders as being unsurpassed 
 by any made in this country. The indi- 
 vidual members of the company are 
 Charles and Samuel Ford. Mr. Charles 
 Ford is about 55 years of age, and Mr. 
 Samuel Ford about 50. Both were born 
 and educated in Cecil county, Maryland. 
 Mr. Samuel Ford was a captain in the 
 5th Maryland regiment during the late 
 war, and rendered gallant and meritori- 
 ous service. The firm of Ford Bros, is 
 well known as one of strict commercial 
 integrity, and as such is highly esteemed. 
 
 HOMER & SAURBAUGH, 
 
 Carpenters and Builders, 
 
 408 8th st. N. W. 
 
 This firm but recently established has 
 already taken a stand among the leading 
 jobbing shops, and as carpenters and 
 builders in the city. The business was 
 established in 1884 by the present pro- 
 prietors, and occupies premises located at 
 408 8th street, 25x60 feet in dimensions, 
 and well arranged for the proper conduc- 
 ting of their increasing business. Em- 
 ployment is given to from three to five 
 men who are engaged for their abilities 
 in doing fine joining work. Carpenter 
 work of every kind is done in building, 
 jobbing, and repairing, and estimates are 
 given on buildings &c. A specialty is 
 made of the fitting of stores, and in this 
 branch this firm does a large amount of 
 work. Of the individual members of the 
 firm Mr. Homer was born in Maine, and 
 received his education in Massachusetts, 
 and has been a resident of Washington 
 for about twenty-two years. Mr. Saur- 
 baugh was born and educated in Mary- 
 land, and has been a resident of this city 
 only during the present year. The im- 
 mediate success of this firm speaks highly 
 for their work, and gives promise for the 
 future. 
 
 D. M. FRAIN, 
 House, Sign, Banner and Ornamental 
 Painter, 14th st. & Rhode Island ave. 
 
 This business was established in 1865, 
 and occupies premises 12x35 feet in di- 
 mensions, and gives employment to from 
 three to fourteen workmen, as the needs 
 of the contract require. A general busi- 
 
 ness in house, sign, ornamental, and 
 decorative painting is carried on, grain- 
 ing and hard wood finishing being a spe- 
 cialty. The business has been success- 
 fully conducted, and has been devoted to 
 the best interests of the industry, and in 
 the art of painting, fine work is done, 
 and some of the more extensive houses 
 painted by him show great credit. Mr. 
 Frain was born in Pennsylvania, and 
 was there educated, and is about fifty- 
 five years of age. He worked at his art 
 some years before coming to this city, in 
 1863. Since establishing himself here he 
 has by hard work, and a straight forward 
 manner of conducting his business, and 
 by the superior merit displayed in his 
 sign painting, graining, and decorating 
 of houses, won a distinctive and leading 
 place among the industrial arts of the 
 city. 
 
 JOHNSON & BAKER, 
 
 Boat Builders, High street, adjoining 
 
 Columbia Boat-House. 
 
 Among the industries of Washington, 
 the construction of boats for river service 
 forms an important item, and the firm of 
 Johnson & Baker, of High street, ad- 
 joining Columbia boat-house, build a great 
 many. The business was established in 
 1880, and occupies premises 23x40 feet in 
 dimensions, and gives regular employ- 
 ment to a number of hands. They are 
 now preparing for an anticipated increase 
 of business, although it is already the 
 largest of the kind in the city. They 
 keep yawl-boats of all lengths on hand, 
 build pleasure-boats of the latest designs, 
 while barges and sail yachts are made to 
 to order. A large number of boats are 
 kept on hand to hire out to boating 
 parties, and skillful 'and careful oarsmen 
 are furnished when desired. In good 
 weather our beautiful Potomac is dotted 
 with pleasure boats, and the make and 
 style of Johnson & Baker's compare fa- 
 vorably with those made in other parts of 
 the country. These gentlemen are na- 
 tives of West Washington, and are well 
 known and reliable, and can be depended 
 upon for prompt and satisfactory work 
 for the latest and most approved style of 
 boats, while their rates are moderate and 
 orders filled with celerity, accuracy, and 
 artistic skill. 
 
248 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 JOHN B. HUNT, 
 
 Practical House and Sign Painter, 607 
 
 Louisiana avenue. 
 
 This gentleman, a native of New York 
 city, has had a large and practical expe- 
 rience in the art of ornamental and plain 
 painting. He learned his art in the 
 metropolis, where, after following it for a 
 time, he removed thence to Boston, and 
 after a short stay there he left for Savan- 
 nah, Georgia, where he was situated for 
 the period of three years, and after dis- 
 posing of his business interests there he 
 came to Washington in 1 876, and for the 
 past 7 years has occupied the premises at 
 607 Louisiana avenue. He occupies a 
 building 30 x 50 feet, and employs 10 to 
 20 hands. In plain and ornamental 
 work pertaining to his art, in sign writ- 
 ing, gilding, graining, glazing and kalso- 
 mining he stands the peer of any of his 
 profession. Among the more prominent 
 of his contracts we mention the Patent 
 Office, Capitol, the Treasury Department, 
 and the Army Medical Museum. 
 
 JAMES WESTERFIELD, 
 
 Carpenter and Builder. 422 10th street 
 
 and 1134 20th street N. W. 
 
 Mr. Westerfield aims to execute the 
 most finished workmanship in his line of 
 business. He has a practical and me- 
 chanical education in the active service 
 of his intricate business. He was located 
 on G street for a period of 10 years, but 
 had to change to his present location to 
 meet the demands of his increasing busi- 
 ness, where for the past two years he has 
 made his headquarters. He occupies an 
 office 12 x 24 feet, and in the busy season 
 employs 6 to 10 hands. He is a native 
 of the city of Washington, and is about 
 53 years of age. Among his more noted 
 contracts are the Union Transfer stables, 
 the printing office of the Washington 
 Daily Post, the private residences of the 
 Hon. Stilson Hutchins and Colonel Crafts. 
 
 F. A. CONRAD, 
 Carpenter and Builder. 
 
 Washington is ahead of her sister cities 
 in the extent and magnitude of her build- 
 ings, both public and private, and her 
 rapid growth added, makes it a desirable 
 point for skilled mechanics in the science 
 of woodworking. Among the more promi- 
 
 nent of the master carpenters and builders 
 of the city of Washington, we find F. A. 
 Conrad. This business was established in 
 1869, with premises conveniently fitted for 
 the carrying on of the business. Besides 
 contracting for carpentering and building, 
 he is largely engaged in the cabinet manu- 
 facturing interests. All kinds of jobbing 
 and repairing is promptly attended to, 
 furniture repaired and varnished, and con- 
 tracts for building any desired building 
 taken. Mr. Conrad was born in Penn- 
 sylvania in 1822, and was educated in 
 that State. His war record is one of 
 honor, he having served as a major and 
 lieutenant colonel in the 4th Regiment of 
 Pennsylvania Reserves; also as an officer 
 under General Hancock in the U. S. 
 Veterans, and was ever a faithful and 
 efficient officer. Since coming to Wash- 
 ington and establishing his busiuess he 
 has by strict integrity won a leading place 
 among our more prominent mechanics 
 and made a record for the honorable ful- 
 fillment of all contracts. 
 
 DAVIS' 
 
 Confectionery and Ice Cream Saloon, 
 
 714 K Street N. W. 
 
 One of the most frequented and most 
 cosily furnished icecream and confection- 
 ery parlors in Washington is that of 
 Josephine Davis, who has been engaged 
 in the confectionery business here for a 
 period of three years, and has in that 
 time built up a very fine and substantial 
 business. A full line of the celebrated 
 Whitman's Philadelphia candies is car- 
 ried, and in the season, ice cream, water 
 ices, fruits of all descriptions and all 
 other articles in this line are kept on sale. 
 A specialty is made in foreign and trop- 
 ical fruits, and a fine line of fancy cakes 
 are baked and kept in stock. The prem- 
 ises occupied are 20 x 40 feef in extent, 
 and employment is given to 2 assistants. 
 Fresh caramels are received daily, as 
 well as all other candies, and guaranteed 
 pure and fresh. Mrs. Davis was born 
 and educated in Philadelphia, and is a 
 granddaughter of Bishop Allen, the first 
 colored bishop ordained in the United 
 States. Since established in business in 
 this city she has won a fine reputation 
 for the purity of her commodities and the 
 polite manner all customers are treated 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 249 
 
 F. T. McKENNY, 
 
 Cabinet Maker and Upholsterer, 1903 
 
 Pennsylvania Avenue N. W. 
 
 Among the leading and oldest houses 
 in the city is that of Mr. F. T. McKenny, 
 cabinet maker and upholsterer, at 1903 
 Pennsylvania avenue. This business was 
 established in 1857, and at the present 
 location in 1865. The premises occupied 
 are 30 x 60 feet in dimensions, and the 
 business gives employment to from 7 to 
 10 workmen, as the season and trade re- 
 quires. All kinds of cabinet making, 
 upholstering and repairing is done, and 
 the work in every case is warranted. 
 Spring, hair and husk mattresses are 
 manufactured, while a specialty is made 
 of the steaming of feathers. Mr. Mc- 
 Kenny is a thorough, practical workman 
 of many years' experience, and does his 
 work thoroughly and well. He was born 
 and educated in Edinburgh, Scotland, 
 and has lived a great many years in this 
 city. During the late rebellion he en- 
 listed in the three months' service from 
 the District, and after serving that time 
 out he re-enlisted in the 9th Massachu- 
 setts Volunteers and served during the 
 war with that organization, his record 
 being a meritorious one, and of which he 
 feels justly proud. Since establishing his 
 business in the city he has placed it on a 
 substantial footing. 
 
 S. C. SCOTT, 
 
 Carpenters and Builders, 1102 E St., 
 Bet. 11th and 12th N. W. 
 
 Mr. S. C. Scott, a native of Washing- 
 ton, twenty-eight years of age, and a 
 practical workman, established his busi- 
 ness at the above number in 1883. He 
 occupies a building 16x30 feet in dimen- 
 sions, and employs from six to twelve 
 hands. He is eminently practical, and 
 thoroughly understands all the branches 
 of his business, and makes a specialty of 
 fine repairing. At his place of business 
 he has accumulated the usual amount of 
 mechanical implements required for this 
 branch of industry, and has secured a 
 trade which must amount to several 
 thousand dollars annually. The firm 
 has found itself equal to any emergency, 
 and is well patronized by building asso- 
 ciations and capitalists who are investing 
 large sums in real and mixed estates. 
 
 The business qualifications and fidelity 
 with which contracts are followed out 
 has won for this house the confidence of 
 the business community and contractors 
 generally. 
 
 M. Kets KEMETHY, 
 Photographer, 1100 Penna. ave. 
 Upon the fashionable avenue and fa- 
 vorite promenade of the Capital is lo- 
 cated the extensive and attractive art 
 gallery of M. Kets Kemethy, which is 
 one of the best appointed in the city, 
 and has a good reputation for faith- 
 ful and life-like pictures, and for artistic 
 execution and superior workmanship. 
 The attractive studio occupies the three 
 floors of the number mentioned above, 
 and is supplied with every necessary ap- 
 purtenance for comfort and all the acces- 
 sories pertaining to the production of 
 artistic photography, such as fine furni- 
 ture and tasteful drapery. Mr. Kets 
 Kemethy executes portraits in oil, pastel, 
 crayon, India ink, and water color, and 
 gives particular attention to copying 
 and enlarging old pictures. He is an 
 Hungarian by birth, and studied his pro- 
 fession in Buda-Pesth, the capital of 
 Hungary, where his seventeen years of 
 experience gave him a reputation as an 
 artist. Mr. Kets Kemethy came to this 
 country in 1880. He is authority on all 
 matters coming under the head of his 
 business. 
 
 J. J. COOK, 
 
 Palace Boarding Stables, 
 1223 E st. N. W. 
 
 One of the finest and most thoroughly 
 equipped establishments in this city of 
 this class is the Palace Boarding Stables, 
 Mr. J. J. Cook, proprietor. The bnsi- 
 ness was established about seven years 
 ago by Mr. John C. Cook, the uncle of 
 the present proprietor, and on the death 
 of Mr. J. C. Cook, about five years ago, 
 Mr. J. J. Cook became the owner. The 
 premises occupied are neat and conve- 
 nient, having every facility for the pro- 
 per carrying on of the business, being 
 65x100 feet in dimensions, with stall 
 room for thirty horses, which are always 
 filled. Boarding horses is a specialty, 
 and they are taken by the day, week, or 
 month, and good care is warranted to be 
 
250 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY, 
 
 taken of them, many of the leading 
 citizens taking advantage of the fine fa- 
 cilities afforded. Mr. J. J. Cook, the 
 proprietor, was born in Charles County, 
 Maryland, and is about thirty-nine years 
 of age, and has been a resident of this 
 city a number of years. He devotes his 
 personal attention to his business, and 
 since he has managed this establishment 
 he has by his energy and strict devotion 
 to the interests of his business built up a 
 fine patronage. 
 
 CHARLES SCHAEFER, 
 Baker, 420 4 1-2 street S. W. 
 The most complete and thoroughly 
 equipped bakery in the southern part of 
 the city is the well-known establishment 
 of Mr. Charles Schaefer, at 420 4? street 
 S. W. The premises occupied are ex- 
 sive, and handsomely fitted up with all 
 the modern conveniences for the proper 
 method of carrying on the business. 
 They are 20x120 feet in extent and finely 
 situated. Employment is given to four 
 skilled and practical bakers, and three 
 wagons are used in the delivery of goods 
 to all parts of the city. The specialty of 
 this house is the manufacture of Schaefer's 
 family bread and biscuits, and French 
 rolls. On the latter he is having a fine 
 trade, his ovens being taxed to their ut- 
 most capacity to supply the demand. 
 Though all kinds of bread and cakes are 
 made these two items take the lead in the 
 amount of sales. The business was es- 
 tablished ten years ago, and has gradu- 
 ally increased in trade until now it ranks 
 among the leading businesses of the kind 
 in the city. Mr. Schaefer was born and 
 educated in Washington, and since the 
 establishment of his business he has by 
 his liberal business methods and energy 
 won hosts of friends and patrons. 
 
 JOHN R. MAHONEY, 
 
 Paper Hanger and Manufacturer of Pic 
 
 ture Frames, 315 Penn. Avenue S. E. 
 
 One of the most prominent and well- 
 known dealers in wall papers, window 
 shades, picture frames, &c, in the eastern 
 portion of the city is Mr. John R. Ma- 
 honey. Mr. Mahoney established this 
 business in 1874, and has since that time 
 built up a large and substantial business. 
 Employment is given to eight workmen, 
 
 who are skilled in every branch of the 
 business, and are thorough practical arti- 
 sans. The premises occupied are 20 x 40 
 feet in extent and elegantly fitted up in 
 every respect. All kinds of wall paper 
 are kept in stock, as well as frame mould- 
 ings of every kind, window shades and 
 fixtures, and house decorations. Picture 
 frames of every description are manu- 
 factured. In this last item a large trade 
 is done. Contracting for papering and 
 decorating public and private houses is 
 entered into, and in every case satisfac- 
 tion is guaranteed, The business is con- 
 fined mostly to the District, and a large 
 trade is done in the eastern section of the 
 city, it being the largest aud finest estab- 
 lishment of the kind east of the Capitol. 
 Mr. Mahoney was born in the Indian 
 Territory and educated in Washington. 
 He is an energetic and enterprising gen- 
 tleman, and is worthy in every way the 
 patronage he receives from the public. 
 His success is of the kind only accorded 
 those whose business is conducted on the 
 highest principles of commercial integrity 
 and honor. 
 
 F. X. DOOLEY, 
 Druggist, Cor. 3d st. and Penna. ave. S. E 
 That the city of Washington already 
 contains several extensive establish- 
 ments engaged in this important industry 
 has been demonstrated in the compila- 
 tion of the present volume. Among the 
 most prominent in this branch in the 
 eastern portion of the city is that of Dr. 
 F. X. Dooley, located at the corner of 
 3d street and Penna. ave. S. E. This 
 business was established about twenty 
 years ago by the present proprietor, and 
 has since its inception ranked as the 
 leading house in that portion of the city. 
 The premises occupied are 30x50 feet in 
 dimensions, and are elegantly arranged 
 for conducting the business and display- 
 ing the fine stock of drugs, chemicals, 
 toilet and fancy articles, combs and 
 brushes, beside a fine Rialto soda foun- 
 tain, which in the summer season is the 
 centre of attraction. Employment is 
 given to two assistants in the business, 
 and both of whom are thorough and 
 practical. Physicians' prescriptions are 
 carefully compounded by competent 
 clerks, and from the purest and best 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 251 
 
 drugs. A specialty of the house is the 
 manufacture of Dooley's Fever and 
 Ague Powders, and Dooley's Tonic Elixir 
 of Calisaya, and both remedies have 
 received the unqualified endorsement of 
 the public, and some of the most eminent 
 physicians. A large sale is had for them 
 in all parts of the city and adjoining 
 States. Dr. Dooley, the proprietor was 
 born and educated in the district, and is 
 a thorough and practical pharmacist. 
 His success has been gained by his own 
 unaided efforts. 
 
 BEERS BROS., 
 Stair Builders, 1218 C st, 
 Of all the intricate parts and special" 
 ties of the working in wood, none re" 
 quires a more thorough knowledge of 
 symmetry, good workmanship, and practi- 
 cal apprenticeship, than stair-building. 
 The above firm, represeutatives in this 
 line, established themselves in business 
 at the present location in 1870, and oc- 
 cupy a shop 24x50 feet in dimensions. 
 They are fine draftsmen, quick and ac- 
 curate in all their calculations, and are 
 prepared to contract and undertake any 
 architectural design in stair railing and 
 stair building in all its various branches. 
 W. H. and H. C. Beers, the brothers 
 composing the firm, are both natives of 
 the city, W. F. Beers learning the trade 
 with John W. Boggs, and commencing 
 in 1865. Both are practical workmen, 
 and some of their work can be seen at 
 the Navy Yard buildings and the resi- 
 dences of Stilson Hutchins and General 
 Swaim, the Metropolitan Club House, 
 corner 17th and H streets, and the firm 
 guarantees to execute work of fine qual- 
 ity and the most perfect finish. 
 
 MOUNT VERNON DAIRY, 
 
 D. C. Fahey, Proprietor, 12th and D sts. 
 
 S. W. 
 
 A leading dairy, whose office is located 
 in the southwestern portion of the city, 
 is the well-known Mount Vernon Dairy, 
 of which Mr. D. C. Fahey is the proprie- 
 tor, and located at the intersection of 12th 
 and C streets S. W. This business was 
 established about four years ago by the 
 present proprietor in a small and modest 
 manner, and has steadily increased until 
 to-day it stands as one of the leading 
 
 dairies of the District. The dairy farm 
 is located near Mount Vernon, and con- 
 sists of over 200 acres of fine grazing 
 land, on which are kept from 60 to 75 
 head of the best milk cows to be had. 
 Employment is given to from 6 to 12 
 assistants, and six wagons are constantly 
 in use delivering the products to his many 
 customers throughout the city. All kinds 
 of dairy products are handled, including 
 milk, butter, eggs, etc., and all are noted 
 for their freshness, purity, and cleanliness, 
 the latter being the motto of the dairy. 
 Mr. Fahey is a native of Washington, 
 and has been a resident of the city during 
 his life, he is closely identified with the 
 business interests of the community and 
 the welfare of the city, and his success 
 has been gained by his own unaided 
 efforts, and the superior products of his 
 dairy. 
 
 A. GRASS, 
 
 Cabinet Maker and Fine Art Furniture, 
 
 cor. New Hampshire Ave. and M. St. 
 
 Mr. Grass established the business of 
 cabinet making at the present location 
 about twelve years ago, and owing to the 
 superior work turned out from his shop 
 immediately took the lead in artistic 
 work. The premises occupied are well 
 arranged for conducting the business, and 
 are 20 x 100 feet in dimensions, divided 
 into two departments, one being used for 
 manufacturing, while the other is used 
 for finishing and wood carving. Employ- 
 ment is given to from 10 to 12 first-class 
 workmen, who are engaged for their 
 thorough knowledge of the business. 
 Fine cabinet ware of all kinds is made, 
 a specialty being made of mantles and 
 art furniture. The mantles and art furni- 
 ture manufactured by this establishment 
 are among the finest made in this coun- 
 try. The house is at present manufactur- 
 ing a mantle in the Renaissaince style that 
 will be the finest thing of the kind in the 
 city ; it stands 12 feet high, six feet wide, 
 and elegantly carved in bas relief with 
 fine designs, and surmounted with a carved 
 bust of George Washington. Mr. Karl 
 A. Knobloch, the carver of this house, is 
 one of the best carvers in wood in America. 
 Mr. Grass, the proprietor, was born and 
 educated in Germany, and came to Wash- 
 
252 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 ingtou shortly after the war ended in 1865. 
 He is a thorough and practical furniture 
 and cabinet maker, and since establishing 
 himself in business here has been closely 
 identified with the industrial progress of 
 the city. 
 
 W. H. BRBRETON, 
 
 Patent Attorney, Brereton Building, 
 
 corner 7th and F streets N. W. 
 
 Opposite U. S. Patent and Post Office Buildings, 
 Mr. William Henry Brereton is the 
 descendant and representative of the old 
 English family of that name who came 
 to this country from Liverpool and set- 
 tled in Washington upward of 70 years 
 ago. He was born in the District, in 
 the old Brereton Building, which his 
 grandfather built about the year 1833, 
 and has spent his active life in business 
 circles of Washington. His entry into 
 the Patent Soliciting business dates back 
 to 1867, and previous to the establishment 
 of his present offices he was for many 
 years connected with two of the oldest, 
 most prominent and reliable patent solicit- 
 ing houses practicing before the U. S. 
 Patent Office. His integrity and con- 
 scientious regard to duty have always 
 marked his dealings. He only takes hold 
 of such cases as in his judgment offer a 
 fair prospect of success. He is very par- 
 ticular in selecting cases coming before 
 him and only accepts such ones as are 
 novel and patentable beyond all reason- 
 able doubt. The patents for the famous 
 and generally introduced " MacKinnon " 
 or " Stylographic Pen," and the " Wood 
 Plug Tobacco Forming Machine," have 
 been secured through his agency. Mr. 
 Brereton's clients receive the benefit of 
 his closest attention, his motto at all times 
 being " what is worth doing at all is worth 
 doing well." He makes a specialty of 
 Court cases where minute searches are re- 
 quired and examinations relating to in- 
 fringement and scope of inventions; also 
 to the securing of patents in foreign coun- 
 tries, in which branch he has had con- 
 siderable experience. Highly endorsed 
 by autograph testimonials of several 
 Commissioners of Patents and numer- 
 ous clients, Mr. Brereton enjoys the 
 utmost confidence of his many friends. 
 For inventions of solidity and novelty, 
 no better attorney can be consulted than 
 
 Mr. Brereton. His opinion also in re- 
 gard to matters in which intricate and 
 delicate points of novelty, scope, and in- 
 fringement may be involved, will be found 
 of valu^, his assistance in these matters 
 being frequently sought by a number of 
 prominent old patent lawyers for use in 
 Court. 
 
 LOUIS FABER, 
 Hotel and Restaurant, 405 11th st. 
 
 This well-known house is situated on 
 11th street, three doors above Penna. 
 ave. Mr. Faber established this hotel 
 and restaurant in 1878, thereby filling 
 the long-felt want of first-class accommo- 
 dations and an excellent menu at popu- 
 lar prices. Mr. Faber is a German by 
 birth, and a native of Giessen, Hessen 
 Darmstadt, where he was born in 1850, 
 and came to this country in 1869. Lo- 
 cating at his present establishment in 
 1878, Mr. Faber has had the satisfaction 
 of seeing his business increasing daily. 
 A specialty of the house is the " table 
 d'hote," daily kept at a regular hour ; 
 the introduction of this system has proved 
 so successful that after Mr. Faber's ex- 
 ample many other leading houses have 
 adopted this novelty. The moderate price 
 of fifty cents for its elegant meals, brings 
 this house into wide repute for its reason- 
 able catering. 
 
 W. F. GEYER, 
 
 Livery and Carriage Repository, 468 & 
 
 470 C street, bet, 4$ & 6th, N. W. 
 
 This large and growing establishment 
 was opened by Mr. Geyer in 1881, and 
 since that time has gained rapidly in 
 public favor, until now it is one of the 
 most complete and well arranged houses 
 of the kind in Washington. The prem- 
 ises are 60 x 125 feet in dimensions and 
 three stories high, thus affording ample 
 room for the conducting of the business 
 and accommodations for 75 horses. A 
 stock of from 75 to 100 vehicles of various 
 kinds and the latest pattern are kept on 
 hand and a force of 12 to 15 workmen is 
 employed in the various capacities. Mr. 
 W. F. Geyer is a native of Pennsylvania, 
 having been born in the old Keystone 
 State, at Mercersburg, about 1844. He 
 formerly carried on the carriage manu- 
 facturing business at Martinsburg, West 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 253 
 
 Virginia, for a period of eight years, where 
 he huilt up a good patronage, a large por- 
 tion of which has followed him to Wash- 
 ington owing to the good work and ma- 
 terial always used in the making of his 
 vehicles, so that his productions have a 
 standard price in the market wherever 
 offered for sale. His stock of horses for 
 livery purposes is among the finest in 
 Washington, and his conveyances are 
 always in good trim for the road, and he 
 always furnishes trusty and gentlemanly 
 drivers for pleasure riding or for business 
 uses and funeral occasions. 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY GARDENS, 
 
 Ernst Loefler, Proprietor, 
 
 101 to 115 New York avenue. 
 
 The city of Washington is certainly 
 well supplied with the various kinds of 
 pleasure and health resorts, which make 
 life during the hot months not only bear- 
 able but pleasant and enjoyable. Among 
 the gentlemen who have devoted their 
 energies to the establishment of pleasure 
 gardens and such like rural places, Mr. 
 Ernst Loefler has made himself a name 
 as one of the most enterprising. About 
 thirty years ago Mr. Loefler established 
 himself as a brewer in this city, being the 
 first to establish that business in Wash- 
 ington. In this he succeeded and built 
 a large fine brewery, which was located on 
 N street, between 1st and 2d, and now 
 used as a school, he having sold the build- 
 ing to the authorities for that purpose. 
 After closing out the business he opened 
 the establishment known as the Wash- 
 ington City Gardens, located on New 
 York avenue, extending from 101 to 
 115 on that thoroughfare, occupyiug the 
 triangular piece of ground bounded by 
 1st street, N street and New York ave- 
 nue. This garden is finely shaded, and 
 in the summer is a great resort for all 
 classes. Fine orchestral music is there to 
 be enjoyed, and cool beer always on 
 draught. Employment is given to from 
 three to four assistants, according to the 
 season and the rush. Mr. Loefler was 
 born and educated in Germany, and has 
 been a resident of the city for over thirty- 
 five years, during which time he has been 
 identified with the business interests of 
 the city, and its growth and prosperity. 
 His success is substantial and increasing:. 
 
 THE HOWARD HOUSE, 
 
 Corner 6th and Pennsylvania Avenue, 
 
 George A. Smith, Proprietor. 
 
 The Howard House, so conspicuously 
 located in the immediate neighborhood 
 of and opposite the Baltimore and Poto- 
 mac depot, is one of the most attractive 
 establishments of the kind in the District. 
 All its rooms well lighted and ventilated, 
 finely upholstered, with pleasant front- 
 ages, give a home-like appearance to each. 
 
 In 1867 Mr. Howard erected the pre- 
 sent hotel, called after him, the " Howard 
 House." In April, 1883, it passed to its 
 present proprietor, Mr. George A. Smith, 
 a native of Connecticut, and a gentleman 
 of large experience in the hotel business. 
 Mr. Smith introduced substantial improve- 
 ments throughout the house. It now 
 contains, besides an elegant and well ap- 
 pointed dining room, forty apartments 
 and private parlors for the accommodation 
 of its great number of transcient patrons. 
 
 Mr. Smith has succeeded in bringing 
 the Howard House to the standard of one 
 of Washington's leading hotels, and the 
 popularity and moderate rates of this 
 first-class hotel, joined to its desirable 
 location and easy access renders it one of 
 the most accessible in Washington. 
 
 CHR. RUPPERT. 
 Importer and Dealer in Toys and Fancy 
 
 Goods, 403 and 405 7th street n. w. 
 
 There is perhaps no term applied to any 
 business or industry which is so peculiarly 
 American in its expression and adapta- 
 tion as that known as Yankee Notions. 
 Its origin was not with the manufacturers 
 of the varied articles embraced in the 
 trade, nor with the dealers in them, but 
 is purely the result of that enterprising 
 spirit which stimulated the Yankee ped- 
 dler to take his notions in a box or pack, 
 and on foot or in conveyance of any de- 
 scription to visit the rural settlements and 
 supply the demand for these articles. 
 Among those who import and deal in this 
 line of goods in Washington Mr. Chr. 
 Ruppert, of 403 and 405 7th street, is cer- 
 tainly at the head. This business was 
 established in a small way in 1858, and 
 is now one of the largest and most com- 
 plete of any business in his line in Wash- 
 ington. His premises have been enlarged 
 to accommodate his rapidly increasing 
 
254 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 business until he now occupies two houses 
 50 x 55 feet in dimensions and gives em- 
 ployment to 35 people. The value of the 
 stock carried is $60,000, and comprises 
 every variety of fancy goods in his line, 
 mainly of imported goods. Mr. Ruppert 
 makes frequent trips to Europe and selects 
 from the best factories the articles which 
 in his experienced judgment are the most 
 beautiful, attractive, and useful, and 
 adapted to his patronage. Mr. Ruppert 
 was born in Saxony, Germany, and re- 
 ceived his education there, and came to 
 Washington in 1848. As a representative 
 toy and fancy goods business his house 
 now occupies a prominent position and 
 presents to the trade the most desirable 
 medium for the establishment of business 
 relations. 
 
 H. L. WENDEL, 
 Show Cases. 1202 D street N. W. 
 This house was established in 1881 at 
 the above location, occupying manufac- 
 turing room 33 x 16 feet in dimensions, 
 and is the only show-case factory in the 
 District. Mr. Wendel is a native of Ger- 
 many, where he learned his trade. He 
 came to America in 1866, and commenced 
 the manufacture of show cases in Balti- 
 more, and several years ago came to Wash- 
 ington, where he established his business 
 as above. He makes a specialty of ordered 
 work and jobbing. Any orders for the 
 above line of goods, whether large or 
 small, will be filled with promptness and 
 dispatch at remarkably low figures. 
 
 E. H. BRADFORD, 
 Model Maker, 711 G street N. W. 
 One of the leading houses in this line 
 is that of E. H. Bradford, 711 G street. 
 This business was established in 1875 by 
 the present proprietor, and as regards 
 skill and superior workmanship in build- 
 ing models for inventors has no superior 
 in the country. At his office can be seen 
 evidences of his handiwork, which to the 
 uninitiated are seemingly impossible to 
 construct; yet such are his attainments 
 that, let the inventor's idea be ever so 
 crude or complicated, he can comprehend 
 and advance often ideas that have been 
 the means of perfecting the invention. 
 There is nothing in the line of mechanical 
 work in metal, wood, &c, but what he is 
 
 prepared to execute. He has had a life- 
 time experience in the work, and being 
 right in this city where all patents are 
 obtained and daily visiting the Patent 
 Office, it is but natural to infer that he 
 is well prepared in his specialties. Mr. 
 Bradford is a genius in his business, and 
 well worthy of the confidence reposed in 
 him by those interested in the patent busi- 
 ness or any one else wishing models of 
 any sort, and his success has been one 
 richly merited and well deserved. 
 
 J. P. SANNER, 
 
 Carpenter and Builder, 715 18th street 
 
 n. w. 
 
 In the extensive mechanical industries, 
 where energy and talent are combined, 
 and where success is essentially connected 
 with practicability, we find Mr. J. F. 
 Sanner, of 715 18th street N. W. He is 
 a native of Washington, and commenced 
 business when quite a young man, estab- 
 lishing his business 27 years ago, having 
 been in his present location for the past 
 6 years, occupying buildings and grounds 
 20 x 150 feet. He employs, according to 
 the business of the season, from 15 to 20 
 people, and makes light jobbing and re- 
 pairing a specialty, but also undertakes 
 all kinds of contracts for building and 
 jobbing. In architectural work he drafts 
 designs that are both practical and ele- 
 gant, combining the useful with the beau- 
 tiful. Mr. Sanner did the drafting for 
 the residence of Major F. Meggs and 
 several other fine residences in Wash- 
 ington. 
 
 JOHN O. G-UETHLER'S 
 Navy Yard Brewery, D street S. E. ( bet. 
 13th and 14th streets. 
 Washington City is noted for the su- 
 periority of its brewing establishments, 
 and among the producers of the finest beer 
 in this market is the establishment of Mr. 
 John Guethler, located on D street S. E., 
 which covers a ground space 200 x 250 
 feet, and is fully equipped with every 
 needful and modern appliance, including 
 ample ice-houses and other facilities for 
 the production of Guethler's standard 
 beer, which now has a national reputation. 
 This beer, wherever used, has attained a 
 high degree of popular favor, and has 
 had an increased demand strictly upon its 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 255 
 
 own merits, being especially made by Mr. 
 Guethler for his extensive trade, and in 
 the pi'oduction of which Mr. Guethler's 
 practical knowledge of brewing is brought 
 to bear. The brewery has a capacity of 
 about 20,000 barrels per annum, a great 
 portion of which is disposed of in Wash- 
 ington and vicinity, although the sales are 
 rapidly extending throughout this coun- 
 try. A force of 15 to 20 men is em- 
 ployed and 9 wagons are used for deliv- 
 ering goods. Connected is one of the finest 
 summer gardens in the city, beautifully 
 situated and fitted up in the most artistic 
 manner, with a seating capacity of 1,000 
 people. Its suburban surroundings are 
 imposing, and its management could not 
 be in better hands than those of "mine 
 host," Mr. John Guethler, who was 
 born in 1847 and is a native of Wurtem- 
 burg, Germany, where he was educated 
 and learned his trade. He came to the 
 United States in the year 1876, where he 
 soon found employment, and step by step, 
 by his great tact and energy, has attained 
 a success equaled by few. Mr. Guethler 
 can be fully relied upon in all of his com- 
 mercial relations, and purchasers will find 
 it to their interest to patronize him. 
 
 JOHN BECK'S RESTAURANT AND 
 BILLIARD PARLORS, 
 631 La. Ave. and 630 D street. 
 When Mr. Beck first arrived in Wash- 
 ington in 1853 he started in the manu- 
 facturing and sale of shoes, and continued 
 in that business up to the breaking out of 
 the war. He had two large establish- 
 ments on 7th street N. W., one of them 
 opposite the Patent Office and the other 
 in the Federal Building. He was the first 
 to establish in the District the combined 
 manufacturing and custom shoe trade, and 
 employed as high as 16 hands. When 
 the war broke out in 1861, he sold out his 
 shoe business at a sacrifice, intending to 
 take part in the struggle for the preserva- 
 tion of the Union. Sickness and death, 
 however, in his family prevented him 
 from doing so, and he remained at the 
 National Capital. He opened a restau- 
 rant on Maryland avenue in 1861, whence 
 he removed to his extensive billiard par- 
 lors and restaurant upon Louisiana ave- 
 nue in 1863. He has been located there 
 for over twenty years. 
 
 J. J. SUTPHEN, 
 
 Real Estate and Rental Department, 
 
 936 F street N. W. 
 
 The rapid growth of our Western States 
 has brought forth in that section of the 
 country a class of active and enterprising 
 people whose dealings are characterized 
 by a clear foresight. Mr. J. J. Sutphen, 
 the subject of this sketch, is a representa- 
 tive in this line of business. He is a 
 native of Ohio, and was born in Toledo. 
 He was formerly in business in Omaha, 
 Nebraska, severing his relations there in 
 1876 in order to identify his future with 
 the growing interest of the capital. High- 
 ly endorsed by leading firms and promi- 
 nent political friends of his native State, 
 Mr. Sutphen has succeeded in the few 
 years since his establishment in this city 
 in laying the foundation of a prosperous 
 business. Mr. Sutphen enjoys the un- 
 limited confidence of his patrons through 
 his strait-forward dealings which ever 
 characterize his business transactions. 
 
 Prominent among his references are 
 such men as Senator Saunders, of Neb., 
 and Ex-United States Treasury Wyman. 
 Mr. Sutphen attends to all the details of 
 a first-class real estate business ; he takes 
 conscientious care of the management of 
 estates, and negotiates loans on mortgages. 
 Special attention is given to the rental of 
 properties and the collection of rents and 
 all other business relating to real estate 
 in the District of Columbia. 
 
 DR. DANIEL BREED, 
 
 Patent Attorney and Chemist, corner 
 
 8th and F streets N. W. 
 
 Dr. Daniel Breed was born in New 
 Hampshire in 1813, but considers New 
 York as the home of his adoption, where 
 he went in 1834 to teach the Grammar 
 School, and remained until he entered 
 service of the United States Patent Office 
 as chemist, in 1852. He continued in that 
 position for the period of five years, when 
 he resigned his position and established 
 himself in the business he noAV follows. 
 The doctor makes a specialty of chemistry 
 and mining, but offers his services as ex- 
 pert in all patent cases, especially in the 
 Agricultural Department of the patent 
 business. He is just at present giving 
 much attention to metallurgic furnaces. 
 Dr. Breed is a graduate in medicine of 
 
256 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 the University of NeAV York in 1847, and 
 was a student of the celebrated Valentine 
 Mott, M. D., the greatest surgeon then 
 living. He spent the year 1848 at the 
 scientific school of the Cambridge Uni- 
 versity, Mass., and studied one year with 
 that great German authority on chem- 
 istry — Liebeg ; one year in Switzerland 
 with Loewig, the great organic chemist, 
 and translated his chemistry from the 
 German. During our great civil war he 
 treated over 1,000 cases of small-pox while 
 an army surgeon, and was the organizer 
 of the Campbell Hospital. 
 
 WILLIAM F. LEWIS, 
 Professional Sign Painter, 802 Dst.N.W. 
 
 Established at his present location in 
 1882, this young gentleman, a native of 
 Washington and but 22 years of age, al- 
 ready has had a very successful career. 
 He is a thoroughly practical artist in his 
 profession, and besides being a profes- 
 sional expert in that hardest branch of 
 the art — sign writing — he makes banners 
 and show cards a specialty, and does ex- 
 ceedingly neat work in new designs. His 
 striking originality in his new designs and 
 fine manner of his lettering all show the 
 true artist. He occupies a shop 20 x 20 
 feet in dimensions, and employs two as- 
 sistants. He learned the art with the firm 
 of Armor & Montrose, being with them 
 several years, serving a practical appren- 
 ticeship, does a large amount of work for 
 Architect Clark of the Capitol, and under- 
 takes and guarantees all kinds of contracts 
 in the line of his business. 
 
 JOHN O'DONOGHTJE, 
 
 Fine Family Groceries, 
 
 1351 28th St., and 3218 M st. 
 
 This business was established in 1862 
 by the present proprietor, and in 1878 
 he took possession of the premises he 
 now occupies, which are neat, handsome, 
 and attractive, being three stories high 
 and 27x70 feet in dimensions. He car- 
 ries a large stock of fine family groceries, 
 imported teas, wines, and liquors, and all 
 other goods found in a first-class estab- 
 lishment of the kind. A large city trade 
 is had, and a patronage that extends 
 into the surrounding counties. Employ- 
 ment is given to five assistants. He 
 
 deals largely in country produce, and 
 fresh choice articles are always to be 
 found in his stock. A branch establish- 
 ment is located at 1351 28th street, where 
 he is doing a large business. Mr. O'Don- 
 oghue was born and educated in Ireland, 
 and came to this country in 1854. He 
 is a well-known and popular gentleman, 
 identified with the interests of the city, 
 and always to be found in the front rank 
 in any enterprise beneficical to its citizens. 
 
 P. A. DARNEILLE, 
 Real Estate Broker, 1226 F street. 
 The gentleman whose name heads this 
 article may be ranked among the success- 
 ful men of Washington. He has been in 
 this line of business since 1868. His ac- 
 curacy in estimating the value of real es- 
 tate as security for loans has given him 
 distinction in this department of business. 
 His personal attention is given to every 
 item of business that passes through his 
 office, and he has fairly earned the con- 
 fidence of his patrons as well as success in 
 his chosen pursuit. All kinds of broker- 
 age and real estate transactions come 
 within the scope of his business. Mr. 
 Darneille was born, raised, and educated 
 in Virginia, and has been a resident of 
 Washington for the past sixteen years. 
 During the late war he cast his fortunes 
 with Virginia, and was in the early part 
 of the struggle connected with Wise's 
 command, and during the latter part with 
 the dashing Mosby. He was one of the 
 fifty who refused to surrender, and did 
 not until the 12th of May, 1865, long 
 after most of his comrades had grounded 
 arms. 
 
 GEORGETOWN GAS LIGHT CO.. 
 
 29th and 30th streets, between M and 
 
 the Canal. 
 
 A few years ago, a seemingly difficult 
 problem presented itself in the matter of 
 cheaper gas ; but even that has been ab- 
 rogated by the great success of the above- 
 named Company. This Company was 
 chartered in 1854, the original incorpor- 
 ators being Messrs. David English, Robt. 
 P. Dodge, Richard Cruikshank, Wm. 
 M. Fitzhugh, Richard Petit, Wm. F. 
 Seymour, A. H. Pickerell, and Wm. 
 Bucknell. The present officers of the 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 257 
 
 Company are Wm. F. Seymour, Presi- 
 dent ; G. W. Cropley, Secretary ; J. D. 
 Cathie], Superintendent ; and Thomas 
 Knowles, D. F. Robinson, S. Thomas 
 Brown, John H. Smoot, G. W. Cropley, R. 
 P. Dodge, and Wm. Bucknell, Directors. 
 The capital stock is $1 44,000. The 
 premises occupied are 150 x 240 feet in 
 extent and all the facilities in the way of 
 the newest and best machinery and latest 
 improvements for the manufacture of gas 
 is there to be found. The capacity of the 
 works are 100,000 feet per day. Em- 
 ployment is given to about ten hands. 
 The Company have about seven miles of 
 pipe laid and are doing a fine and sub- 
 stantial business. 
 
 The officers and directors are all promi- 
 nent citizens, closely identified with the 
 business interests of the city, and tothisen- 
 terprise bring financial ability, thorough 
 practical knowledge pertaining to the 
 busings, and are using their best efforts 
 to solve the problem of the cheapest 
 and best light. 
 
 THYSON HOUSE, 
 
 W. P. Cole, Proprietor, 1501 7th street 
 
 N. W., corner P street. 
 
 This well-known hotel, near the head 
 of 7th street N. W., was built in 1865 by 
 the father of its present owner. Mr. Thy- 
 son. It was first occupied and managed 
 as a country hotel by a Mr. Crawford, 
 who transferred it to a Mr. Hopkins. Mr. 
 Thyson next became proprietor and man- 
 aged it himself till he retired from the 
 business in 1878. Its present proprietor, 
 Mr. W. P. Cole, took hold of the man- 
 agement in that year, and under his pop- 
 ular course it has grown up to be the only 
 and leading resort of farmers and coun- 
 trymen from near and far, especially from 
 the neighboring counties of Maryland. 
 Its immense wagon yard contains accom- 
 modations for 150 head of horses and 
 their respective wagons and vehicles. The 
 Thyson, under its present management, 
 does an excellent business, mainly due to 
 the popularity of its present proprietor, 
 who is a native of Maryland and a model 
 landlord. The house is managed on the 
 American and European plans, a regular 
 and steady table being also set at regular 
 hours. The house contains accommoda- 
 tions for 150 guests, and the street cars 
 17 
 
 passing the door makes it easily accessi- 
 ble from and to all parts of town. Mr. 
 Cole has also established a first-class res- 
 taurant in connection with his hotel, where 
 extensive alterations have been made in 
 renovating, and he asks the public to give 
 him a call. 
 
 A. H. JOUVENAL, 
 
 Marble and Granite Works, 624 H street 
 
 N.W. 
 
 These works were first established in 
 1865 by Jacques Jou venal on the corner 
 of New Jersey avenue and F street, after- 
 ward at 10th and D streets, then to 11th 
 street, and finally to New York avenue. 
 Mr. Jouvenal retiring from the business 
 it was re-established at the present loca- 
 cation in 1882 by his son, A. A. Jouvenal, 
 where he occupies grounds 25 x 115 feet 
 in dimensions, with shop 25 x 30 feet and 
 ample shedding, and employs from 5 to 
 10 hands as the season requires. Mr. 
 Jouvenal deals in and is a direct importer 
 of fine marbles and granites, making a 
 specialty of monumental and sculptural 
 work. Some of his work consists of the 
 monument of W. P. Thompson, of the 
 Secret Service, placed at Ionia, Mich. ; 
 Thomas J. Durant, General Steuben, and 
 many others. A. H. Jouvenal is a na- 
 tive of Washington, 28 years of age, and 
 learned his trade of his father. He has 
 now a rapidly growing trade. 
 
 W. S. BARRINGER, 
 
 Ink Manufacturer, room 38, 628 F street 
 
 N.W. 
 
 Mr. Barringer organized and com- 
 menced operations in the manufacture of 
 his standard inks in 1876. All kinds of 
 ink and in every color are manufactured, 
 black and blue-black, crimson, violet, and 
 other shades, a specialty being made of 
 indelible ink, all of which are noted for 
 their brignt and durable colors. Mr. 
 Barringer furnishes Herr & Cissel, mill- 
 ers, St. James Hotel, Howard House, and 
 many others with all their inks. Mr. 
 McQueen, of the National Hotel news- 
 room, is a general salesman of the ink of 
 this manufacture. Mr. Barringer was 
 born in Saratoga County, New York, and 
 was educated there, and came to Wash- 
 ington in 1869. He is about 54 years of 
 age and is a thorough and practical ink 
 
258 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 manufacturer, and the products of his 
 ruanufactury have attained a wide repu- 
 tation. His establishment is the only 
 one of the kind in the city, and will un- 
 doubtedly increase its operations in the 
 future. 
 
 NEW YORK PHOTOGRAPH CO., 
 723 7th street N. W. 
 
 This photograph studio possesses many 
 metropolitan features and advantages en- 
 joyed by but few establishments in this 
 city. The reception, parlor, and operating 
 rooms are on the second floor, and are 
 fitted up in the most approved manner 
 with all the latest improvements in me- 
 chanical and scientific apparatus for doing 
 first-class work. They take photos in any 
 style desired and finish in the highest 
 style of the art, and they announce the 
 greatest reduction in prices yet offered the 
 public. For a short time during the past 
 year the studio was managed by Yost & 
 Weaver, but in the early part of the 
 present year it returned to the hands of 
 the owners — the New York Photo Co. 
 They make a specialty of fine work, and 
 have devoted their time and attention to 
 the study of photography and the develop- 
 ment of the art in all its phases and de- 
 partments with such energy and assiduity 
 that they are recognized as among the 
 leading artistic photographers in this city, 
 which is famed far and wide for the supe- 
 riority of its art productions. 
 
 R. EVANS, 
 Granite, Marble Brownstone & Monu- 
 ments, corner 1st and B sts. S. W. 
 
 This important industry was founded 
 about the year 1876, and as it is at pres- 
 ent conducted, has attained a magnitude 
 and importance beyond the conception of 
 those who are not directly connected with 
 the business. The premises are 400 feet 
 square, and employment is given to 
 twenty-five skilled workmen. Mr. Evans 
 takes contracts for all kinds of buildings, 
 and every facility is to be found in his 
 place that is in any way requisite for the 
 successful prosecution of his business. 
 He is a wholesale and retail dealer in 
 granite, marble, and brownstone for 
 building purposes, also North river and 
 Pennsylvania blue stone for flagging, 
 curbing, &c, and also for sills, lintels, 
 
 cojfing, steps, and platforms. All kinds 
 of monuments and cemetery work are 
 manufactured, cement pavements being a 
 specialty, and jobbing promptly attended 
 to. He also works in dressed granite 
 for building purposes and bridges. Mr. 
 Evans was born in Wales, and is a self- 
 made man, and has lived in America 
 twenty-nine years, and since establishing 
 his business in Washington the class and 
 finish of his work has so established it 
 with the leading local and outside de- 
 mand, that most of the stone work for a 
 large number of prominent public and 
 private buildings have been supplied by 
 him. Briefly, in all departments of this 
 industry, the house of P. Evans can 
 point to a record not exceeded by any 
 stone establishment in Washington. 
 
 A. GRUPE, 
 
 Confectioner and Baker, 1810 7th st» 
 
 N. W. 
 
 Among the leading wholesale and re- 
 tail manufacturers of confectionery and 
 ice cream in the City of Washington we 
 find the house of A. Grupe, located at 
 1810 7th street N. W. This business 
 was established about ten years ago, by 
 the jDresent proprietor, and by his enter- 
 prise he soon placed it among the fore- 
 most of the line of business in the Dis- 
 trict. Employment is given to from 
 three to five assistants, who are thoroughly 
 acquainted with all the details of the 
 business, and two wagons are constantly 
 employed delivering the products of the 
 house to its numerous customers through- 
 out the city and District. The premises 
 are about 20x80 feet in extent, and are 
 well arranged for the proper conducting 
 of the business. All kinds of confec- 
 tionery are manufactured, and also fancy 
 cakes. The specialty of the house is ice 
 cream, of which they manufacture large 
 quantities during the season, which they 
 furnish dealers and families with what- 
 ever quantity desired. The products of 
 this house are unexcelled in purity and 
 flavor, as none but the best and purest 
 ingredients enter into the manufacture 
 of the goods. Mr. Grupe was born and 
 educated in Washington, and his success 
 has been gained by his superior business 
 ability, and the standard quality of his 
 goods. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 259 
 
 FRANK GEIER'S SONS, 
 Undertakers, 1113 7th street N. W. 
 Under the above name a flourishing 
 and popular undertaking and furniture 
 establishment has been carried on in 
 Washington city for nearly 30 years. 
 Mr. Frank Geier, the founder of the 
 house, died in the month of September, 
 1883, and after the death of the father it 
 was left to his two sons, John B. and 
 Joseph A. Geier. Both members of the 
 firm are natives of Washington city and 
 were born on the same premises, where 
 their business is at present located. They 
 make a specialty of the entire manage- 
 ment of all funerals entrusted to their 
 care, and have spacious workshops for 
 the manufacture of coffins of all kinds 
 and sizes, of poplar, walnut, and rose- 
 wood, besides caskets of all kinds. Their 
 establishment is popularly known for the 
 first-class arrangements afforded at most 
 reasonable prices. The firm conducts 
 meantime a first-class furniture establish- 
 ment, well stocked with the newest pat- 
 terns of household and parlor furniture, 
 in which branch they have a good trade, 
 which is gradually increasing. 
 
 GUSTAV FRIEBUS, 
 
 Architect, 2004 35th street, Georgetown 
 
 D. C. 
 
 As an architect, there are none who 
 stand higher in the estimation of the pub- 
 lic than Mr. Gustav Friebus. He estab- 
 lished himself in business here in 1873, 
 and is at present the chief draughtsman 
 in the engineers' office of the Washington 
 Monument, and has been so engaged since 
 the work on the monument has been re- 
 sumed. He designed a great many of 
 our handsomest residences, among which 
 we mention that of Judge Shellabarger, 
 a row of buildings on P street for the 
 Linthicum Institute, and a great many 
 in the surrounding country and in Mary- 
 land and Virginia. His business is large 
 and he personally superintends the gen- 
 eral management of it. He is an archi- 
 tect of acknowledged ability and very 
 prompt in all his business transactions. 
 Mr. Friebus was born in Prussia and 
 came to this country when very young, 
 and was educated in the city of Washing- 
 ton, at Gonzaga College. He is the son 
 of an eminent civil engineer who came to 
 
 this country in 1848. Mr. Friebus is a 
 cultivated gentleman, well known and 
 highly esteemed both socially and profes- 
 sionally, and one who has had great busi- 
 ness experience, with every evidence of 
 remaining one of the leading architects in 
 the city. 
 
 C. S. PRICE, 
 Druggist, 426 7th St., S. W. 
 Among the prominent drug houses in 
 the city of Washington, none rank higher 
 than that of Mr. C. S. Price, located at 
 426 7th St. S. W. The business of Mr. 
 Price was established about two years 
 ago by the present proprietor, and through 
 his ability and the fine stock of goods 
 kept, he almost immediately acquired a 
 large trade. The premises occupied are 
 about 30 x 50 feet in extent and well ar- 
 ranged for conducting the business and 
 displaying the stock. Employment is 
 given to two persons who thoroughly un- 
 derstand the trade in all its branches. 
 A full line of drugs, chemicals, toilet 
 and fancy articles, perfumeries, druggists' 
 sundries, &c, are kept in stock, all of 
 which are warranted for their purity. 
 Physicians prescriptions are carefully 
 compounded from the purest and best 
 drugs, and in every case guaranteed to 
 be absolutely correct. Mr. Price was 
 born and educated in Alexandria, Va., 
 and has been a resident of Washington for 
 about twenty years. He is an energetic 
 and enterprising man of business, having 
 a thorough knowledge of all the details of 
 the business. 
 
 J. R. WRIGHT, 
 
 Undertaker and Funeral Director, 1337 
 
 10th St. 
 
 Among the most popular undertakers, 
 and one whose qualifications eminently 
 fit him for so delicate and responsible a 
 position is Mr. J. R. Wright, undertaker 
 and funeral director, located at 1337 10th 
 street. He established himself in this 
 business in 1878, and has been very suc- 
 cessful, being thoroughly practical in this 
 special line of industry. He furnishes all 
 kinds of caskets, robes, flowers, &c, to 
 meet the requirements and tastes of the 
 public, including shrouds, ice caskets, 
 undertaking supplies, and all the other 
 articles of the latest invention in the 
 
260 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY, 
 
 trade. He is assisted by experienced 
 hands, and from a long experience at the 
 business has won a fine reputation and 
 popularity in the capital in the dis- 
 charge of his duties. Mr. Wright was 
 born and educated in Alexandria, and 
 has been a resident of this city about 
 twenty-five years. He is an energetic 
 and enterprising man of business, and by 
 giving his personal attention to the 
 direction and management of the affairs 
 of the funeral occasions he is engaged for, 
 gives entire satisfaction to all. 
 
 ANDREW J. JOYCE, 
 
 Carriage Manufacturer, Nos. 412, 414 
 
 and 416 14th street. 
 
 One of the leading representatives of 
 this branch of business in Washington is 
 the carriage factory of Andrew J. Joyce, 
 412, 414 and 416 14th street, whose busi- 
 ness was established in 1844, and who 
 has had the reputation of turning out 
 some of the finest specimens of work in 
 this line ever done in this city. Mr. An- 
 drew J. Joyce, the founder, died some 
 time since, and the business is now car- 
 ried on under the management of Mr. 
 George W. Joyce. The premises occu- 
 pied are 80 x 150 feet and four stories 
 high. A force of 35 workmen are em- 
 ployed, and the house manufactures all 
 kinds of vehicles and have lately added 
 to their business the turning out of heavy 
 work, being the only house in this city en- 
 gaged in this line. The first floor of this 
 establishment is used for an office and a 
 repository for their fine carriages, the sec- 
 ond and third floors being given over to 
 the manufacturing, while on the fourth 
 floor the finishing and painting are done. 
 Mr. Joyce was born in Virginia in 1821, 
 and was educated in that State, came to 
 Washington in 1833, and devoted the 
 best part of his life to the prosecution and 
 building up of the present fine business. 
 
 KEYES & CO.'S 
 
 Boarding and Livery Stables, corner 
 
 14th and D streets N. W. 
 
 Among the favorably known stables of 
 Washington engaged in the livery and 
 boarding business is that of Keyes & Co., 
 corner 14th and D streets N. W., which 
 they have controlled since its establish- 
 ment in 1865. The stables are large, 
 
 being 85 x 120 feet in extent, and em- 
 ployment is given to about thirty-five 
 hands. The proprietors are both natives 
 of New Hampshire, and were both edu- 
 cated in that State. Mr. Keyes came to 
 Washington in 1861 and Mr. Smith in 
 1854. Horses are taken at livery by the 
 single feed, day, week, or month. This 
 firm has now in active use no less than 
 fifty elegant coupes, coupelettes, and car- 
 riages of all kinds, first-class in every 
 respect, with drivers who are selected with 
 an especial view to their gentlemanly 
 deportment, strict sobriety, and thorough 
 knowledge of the city, its streets, avenues, 
 hotels, business houses, and places of in- 
 terest. Citizens desiring style, equipages 
 for shopping, calling, or attending balls, 
 parties, weddings (of which they make a 
 specialty), or places of amusement, and 
 strangers wishing to view the natural and 
 artificial beauties of the city, can be ac- 
 commodated upon the most moderate 
 terms. Their office, which is located at 
 the corner of 14th and D streets, is con- 
 nected by telephone with the Arlington 
 Hotel and principal business houses in all 
 sections of the city. Carriages are sent 
 without delay to any address. The mem- 
 bers of the firm are A. B. Keyes and J. 
 Leavett Smith. These gentlemen are 
 well and favorably known in hotel and 
 business circles throughout the city. 
 
 THE WASHINGTON LIFE INS. CO. 
 OFFICE, 
 
 James E. Waugh, General Agent, 933 
 F street N.W. 
 
 It is esteemed one of the most essential 
 duties of life for individuals having de- 
 pendents, to provide a competency for 
 them in case of death. Among the many 
 companies deserving special notice, based 
 upon actual merit, may be mentioned, in 
 this connection, the Washington Life In- 
 surance Company of New York City, 
 represented by James E. Waugh as its 
 general agent, the Washington office 
 being located at No. 933 F street. The 
 parent company is located in New York, 
 with a successful business experience of a 
 quarter of a century, with $7,500,000 of 
 solid securities. This company write life 
 insurance policies, semi-endowment poli- 
 cies, double endowment policies, all guar- 
 anteed by premium-protecting dividends, 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 261 
 
 and is unlike any other company in the 
 United States in this essential feature. 
 Mr. Waugh is a young man of fine busi- 
 ness acquirements, and was born, raised, 
 and educated in Washington, and is too 
 well and favorably known as a business 
 man to need any special or lengthy 
 
 notice in these pages. He has been en- 
 gaged in business in this city most of his 
 life, and commenced the Washington 
 Life as its general agent in the year 1877, 
 and is the right man in the right place. 
 The company is to be especially congrat- 
 ulated in securing his services. 
 
 EQUITABLE CO-OPERATIVE BUILDING ASSOCIATION, 
 Office, 917 F street. 
 
 The practice of saving regularly every month, or of paying into a bank by regu- 
 lar instalments, money earned by the working classes, has a good and whole- 
 some effect upon the thrift of its 
 
 depositors, and cultivates and es- altUttuUIW 
 
 tablishes habits of thrift as well as ^uuMglljlI yllii;, 
 
 economy. Among the institutions .-- 7 ^v IjM|fl|iit|,. .. !: 
 
 in this city of this character none -^uv=~ = . % I 
 
 are more worthy of confidence and " ■jfe, HI 
 
 patronage of this class than the Jm ^dWMtlM^M 
 
 Equitable Co-operative Building 
 Association. This business was es- 
 tablished in the year 1879 with 
 Thomas Somerville as president 
 and John Joy Edson as secretary, 
 which has continued to grow in 
 popularity and business until it has 
 assumed its present proportions. 
 The office is located at No. 917 F 
 street, on the second floor, and is 
 about 30 x 100 feet dimensions, and 
 fitted up in the neatest and most 
 approved manner. Here the com- 
 pany do a safe banking business on 
 the savings principle, which, upon 
 examination, will be found to em- 
 brace the true principles upon 
 which all such institutions should 
 be conducted. The success at- 
 tained is due to the business-like 
 manner in which everything is car- 
 ried on and the fairness as well as 
 the open and candid manner of 
 meeting the demands of the public. 
 Mr. John J. Edson is a native of 
 Ohio, but has lived in Washington 
 a number of years, and has been 
 prominently connected with the 
 best business interests of Washing- 
 ton, and especially conspicuous as 
 an originator of our most staunch 
 enterprises. 
 
 SAUNDERS & BRO.'S BUILDING, 
 Real Estate Brokers, 
 1103 F street, N. W. [Editorial page 67. 
 
 WILLIAM T. DOWNEY, 
 Livery Stable, 1620 L street. 
 Among the new enterprises of note is 
 the livery stable of W. T. Downey, situ- 
 ated as above indicated. This popular 
 
 enterprise was inaugurated in the year 
 1882 by the present proprietor at a large 
 cost, but he has the satisfaction of know- 
 ing that in point of excellence, modern 
 conveniences, and all that go to make up 
 
262 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 a first-class establishment, he is not sur- 
 passed by any in the city. The premises 
 occupied are not only attractive, but ex- 
 tensive, being about 100 x 150 feet in di- 
 mensions, with all of the most modern 
 improvements for conducting this branch 
 of business. The number of hands em- 
 ployed and horses used are adequate to 
 meet the demands of customers, varying 
 with the season. He keeps constantly 
 on hand every kind and character of 
 vehicle known to the trade, which are 
 new and attractive. None but sober and 
 intelligent drivers are furnished, who are 
 alike familiar with the city and country 
 drives. A specialty is made of furnish- 
 ing parties, clubs, picnics, excursions, 
 balls, weddings, and funerals, and at rates 
 as reasonable as any other first-class es- 
 tablishment in the city. Horses are 
 boarded and otherwise taken care of by 
 experienced grooms, this latter being a 
 special feature of the business. A few 
 first-class saddle horses are always on 
 hand and furnished upon short notice. 
 
 J. E. WILSON, 
 Fort Lincoln Dairy, No. 1143 7th st, 
 
 Among the many business establish- 
 ments in Washington engaged in supply- 
 ing the public with pure and wholesome 
 milk, none are more worthy of notice than 
 the Fort Lincoln Dairy, owned and con- 
 ducted by J. E. Wilson. This enterprise 
 has brought into competition a great 
 many of the best concerns of Washington 
 in this line, and that of Mr. Wilson is noted 
 for the pure quality of its milk and the 
 most courteous demeanor of the proprie- 
 tor in its general management. Mr. Wil- 
 son obtains the milk that he places upon 
 the market from a farm where healthy 
 cows are fed upon the best of milk-pro- 
 ducing food ; and one of the specialties in 
 the management is cleanliness. The pub- 
 lic has found, and will continue to find, 
 that the milk furnished by the Fort Lin- 
 coln dairy has no superior in the market, 
 and wherever the products are known 
 they are sure to be appreciated. Mr. 
 Wilson is a young man with a bright fu- 
 ture, and with his accustomed energy and 
 well-known business tact his success is as- 
 sured. The premises used at No. 1148 
 Seventh street are fitted up with especial 
 
 reference to his business, and present a 
 neat and inviting appearance. All in 
 all, this is one of the standard dairy es- 
 tablishments of the Capital, and is rap- 
 idly gaining in popularity. 
 
 FRANK H. FALL, 
 Home Market and Cafe, 1520 14th st. 
 
 It is a matter of public interest, and 
 one for congratulation on the part of the 
 citizens of Washington that they are suj> 
 plied with such elegant market houses and 
 Cafes. Among the very foremost estab- 
 lishments of this kind in the city is that 
 of Frank H. Fall, located at the corner 
 of 14th and Corcoran streets N. W. This 
 business was established about 10 years 
 ago by the above named gentleman, al- 
 though Mr. Fall has been identified with 
 the business in the city for a much longer 
 time. From the very start the house has 
 enjoyed a liberal patronage from the best 
 families in the city, and although at pre- 
 sent doing a fine business, it increases 
 largely every month. The premises oc- 
 cupied are finely arranged and elegantly 
 fittted up for conducting the business. 
 The corner store is used for their wine 
 and liquor, and cigar business, and here 
 can be found the finest and best brands 
 of wines, liquors, beer, and mineral wa- 
 ters, all of which are bottled expressly 
 for the house, and which are supplied to 
 families and dealers at both wholesale 
 and retail rates. The next store is used 
 for his market store, and here can be 
 found the choicest of meats, vegetables 
 provisions, fruits, and everything pertain- 
 ing to this class of business. The second 
 floors of the establishment are used for 
 a Cafe and billiard room, and here can 
 be found one of the best appointed places 
 in the city, all the delicacies of the season 
 being served by genteel waiters, while 
 cleanliness is the rule. Employment is 
 given to from 5 to 8 assistants, all of 
 whom are thoroughly familiar with the 
 business, and are polite and attentive to 
 all patrons. Frank H. Fall, the sole pro- 
 prietor of the house, was born and edu- 
 cated in the State of Maine, and has been 
 a resident of the city for the past twelve 
 years, and is a gentleman widely known, 
 and well worthy of the high esteem in 
 which he is held by the community. 
 
WASHINGTON CITY 
 
 263 
 
 ST. JAMES HOTEL, 
 
 Cor. Pennsylvania ave. and 6th sf 
 Levi Woodbury, Prop'r. 
 
 There is nothing which adds so 
 much to the prestige of a city in the 
 estimation of strangers as first-class 
 hotel accommodations, and the city 
 of Washington is to be especially 
 congratulated upon the fine class of 
 its hotels. Among the more promi- 
 nent of the hotels that are conducted 
 on the European plan is the popular 
 St. James, situated at the corner of 
 6th street and Pennsylvania avenue, 
 Mr. Levi Woodbury, prop'r. Mr. 
 Woodbury established himself as the manager of this house in 1873, and, after re- 
 fitting it throughout, soon placed it in the leading ranks of the hotels of the city. 
 It is 150 x 180 feet in dimensions and five stories high. One hundred elegantly 
 furnished rooms are for the accommodation of guests. The culinary department is 
 in charge of experienced cooks, and all the delicacies of the season are to be found 
 on its tables, while every effort is made for the general comfort of its guests. Mr. 
 Woodbury was born and educated in New Hampshire and has been a resident of 
 Washington since 1866. He has been identified with the hotel business all his life, 
 and is a model landlord. He has made an eminent success of his management of 
 the St. James, which he has placed on a sure basis. 
 
 ARLINGTON MARKET, 
 
 R. A. Cronin & Son, Prop'rs, corner 
 
 14th and S streets. 
 
 The prosperity of a city depends much 
 on the encouragement given to the in- 
 dustrial enterprises, and its importance 
 as a purchasing point is also increased by 
 this agency, resulting advantageously to 
 the 'whole community. Among the lead- 
 ing commercial enterprises is that of R. 
 A. Cronin & Son, located at the corner 
 of 14th and S streets. This business has 
 been established at this point but a short 
 time, although the firm have been exten- 
 sively engaged in this business about ten 
 years at the different markets. The store 
 occupies premises 30 x 80 feet in dimen- 
 sions and is well arranged for conducting 
 the business. The finest and freshest of 
 meats, provisions, butter, eggs, &c, are 
 constantly kept ; also a fine stock of cigars 
 and tobacco. Cleanliness and neatness 
 are the rule of the house, rendering it 
 very attractive. The members of the 
 firm are Mr. R. A. and D. A. Cronin, 
 father and son, both of whom were born 
 and educated in the city and have always 
 been closely identified with its industrial 
 interests. 
 
 WASHINGTON NAILOR, 
 Livery and Sales Stables, 1326 E street. 
 
 In compiling sketches of the prominent 
 business establishments of Washington 
 prominent mention is made of the livery 
 and sales stables of Washington Nailor, 
 which is one of the recognized institutions 
 of the Capital, historically and otherwise. 
 The business was established many years 
 ago, being one of the largest as well as 
 oldest stables in the city. This mammoth 
 business employs about forty hands, with 
 two experienced and polite foremen, one 
 hundred and twenty-five horses, and about 
 seventy-five conveyances, such as cabs, 
 carriages, omnibusses, drags, dog carts, 
 village carts, coupes, coupelettes, side-bar 
 wagons, and, in short, every kind and 
 character of vehicle known to the public. 
 The proprietor also keeps six fine saddle 
 horses equal, if not superior, in point of 
 beauty, ease of movement, and safety of 
 training, to any in this city. He makes 
 a specialty of furnishing conveyances for 
 clubs, weddings, balls, excursions, thea- 
 tres, and furnerals. This is one of the 
 and largest stables in the city, and polite 
 attentive drivers are always furnished, 
 and those only who are sober and well 
 
264 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 acquainted with the city ; in fact, no better 
 accommodations can be found, and at rates 
 as low as can be furnished at any first- 
 class stable. A few fine horses are always 
 on hand for sale, and at figures to suit 
 the times. Mr. Nailor is yet a young 
 man and in the prime of life, and is a 
 native of Washington, where he was born, 
 raised, and educated, and although his 
 has been a busy life, he has no doubt a 
 long and useful future. 
 
 ALDERNEY DAIRIES DEPOT, 
 
 Frank K. Ward, Prop., Nos., 929 and 
 
 931 D street north-west. 
 
 In compiling sketches of the represen- 
 tative business enterprises of Washington 
 its pages would be singularly incomplete 
 without the name of Frank K. Ward. 
 For a number of years this enterprising 
 gentleman has been engaged in the dairy 
 business, in which he has been so success- 
 ful, and his business has increased to that 
 extent that he now has in full operation 
 a number of branch establishments 
 throughout the city, among which may 
 be mentioned that at 414 3d street, 622 E 
 street, 527 15th street, and 520 9th street, 
 to which is added the last building at Nos. 
 929 and 931 D street northwest. This 
 establishment is 30 x 178 feet in dimen- 
 sions, six stories high, three elevators to 
 be used for both freight and passengers, 
 and operated by steam. The floor of the 
 second story is lined with lead and covered 
 with Portland cement. The churning is 
 all done by steam, and combines all of 
 the modern appliances that skill can de- 
 vise or money purchase, and is, perhaps, 
 one of the best equipped and most exten- 
 sive enterprises of the kind to be found 
 in the United States. He runs sixteen 
 fine wagons, and so distributed through- 
 out the city that fresh milk is delivered 
 daily to his thousands of customers. He 
 employs none but the most cleanly and 
 polite drivers, who are under the strictest 
 orders concerning their respective duties, 
 the whole machinery moving with the 
 regularity of a clock. From forty to 
 fifty persons receive employment, the most 
 of whom are required to lodge in either 
 the grand dairy depot on D street or in 
 some of the branches, so as to meet orders 
 upon short notice. Added to his sale- 
 
 rooms and dairy farms are telephone 
 facilities, making the business manage- 
 ment altogether one of the most extensive 
 in the country. He makes a specialty of 
 cottage cheese, and fresh butter milk 
 delivered daily. He also furnishes 
 pure fresh milk from healthy thorough- 
 bred cows for infants in hermetically 
 sealed jars upon short notice. Mr. Ward 
 established business in 1879, and his suc- 
 cess has been attained through prompt- 
 ness to business, purity, and cleanliness 
 in quality, sold for cash. His extensive 
 experience and knowledge of details con- 
 stitutes him an authority upon the subject 
 of dairy farming. 
 
 Mme. D. TAULELLE & CO., 
 
 Plumes d Autruche, new Process, Steam 
 
 Dyed, &c, 615 14th street N.W. 
 
 Mme. D. Taulelle & Co. are favorably 
 known to the ladies of Washington as 
 one of the leading places of business in 
 this line, having been located at 1203 F 
 street previous to being burned out at 
 that place, when they removed to their 
 present location. They make a leading 
 specialty of fine work in this line, such 
 as manufacturing plumes, feathers, &c. ; 
 curling, cleansing, and coloring soiled 
 and old feathers given special attention, 
 and satisfaction guaranteed. They are 
 in possession of a new process by which 
 feathers are not injured in the process of 
 dressing. Long plumes made from short 
 rjieces ; milliners given special induce- 
 ments. They are also prepared to clean 
 gloves and fine laces at the shortest no- 
 tice. This place of business is fitted up 
 in the most artistic and appropriate style. 
 Mme. Taulelle came from Paris, France, 
 to the United States in the year 1883. 
 
 A. A. MARR, 
 Real Estate Broker, 936 F street N. W„ 
 As one of the many representative es- 
 tablishments engaged in the business of 
 dealing in real estate mention is made of 
 A. A. Marr, situated on the second floor 
 at 936 F street N.W. He buys and sells 
 city and country property, negotiates- 
 loans upon the most satisfactory terms, 
 collects rents, and attends to all business- 
 pertaining to the management of prop- 
 erty or execution of trusts, his name alone 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 265 
 
 being the fullest guarantee of the fidelity 
 and integrity of the most careful and 
 satisfactory management of all property 
 entrusted to his care. He has for sale 
 some valuable property that he will take 
 pleasure in showing the plats of to all 
 who may visit his office, or will send by 
 mail such information concerning the 
 property in his hands as interested parties 
 may desire, special attention being paid 
 just now to his large interests in Ivy City, 
 
 one of our beautiful suburbs. Mr. Marr 
 is a native of Washington and is well 
 and favorably known to the business- 
 community. His extensive experience in 
 all matters pertaining to the real estate 
 business constitutes him an authority in 
 such matters. Persons placing business 
 in his hands will find a prompt, reliable, 
 and efficient agent, and one that can be 
 fully relied upon. 
 
 CHARLES J. PANNING, 
 Slater; Office and Slate Yard, cor. 9th and H streets N. W. 
 
 The days of leaky tin roofs- 
 :i iid rotting shingles are num- 
 bered with the past, and a new 
 regime has been inaugurated in 
 the matter of roofing. The 
 above-named gentleman, Mr. 
 Charles J. Fanning, is largely 
 and solely engaged in plain 
 and ornamental slating, mak- 
 ing the repairing of slate roofs- 
 a specialty, and in this branch 
 of industry he stands at the 
 ..head. As an evidence of his 
 y||||P- popularity we mention the fact 
 that he has been awarded the 
 following contracts and finished them to the satisfaction of all: The Washington 
 and Georgetown Railroad Company's Depot and Stables, Navy Yard Buildings, 
 Smithsonian Institution, and Insane Asylum, Georgetown Gas Company's buildings, 
 and Washington Gaslight Company's buildings, Soldiers' Home, Public Schools, be- 
 sides a number of other public and private buildings. He is a native of Ireland and 
 came to this country when but 20 years of age. He worked 12 years in New 
 York, and came to Washington in 1865. He is a practical slater, having been a 
 foreman slater for 10 years before establishing business for himself, which he did 
 in 1875. He is located at the corner of 9th and H streets, occupying buildings 
 and grounds 30 x 100 feet, and employing from 8 to 12 men, with an annual 
 business of about $20,000. The greater part of his slate is shipped from Virginia, 
 Pennsylvania and Vermont, and the best quality obtainable in those regions. 
 
 R. O, EDMONSTON, 
 Wholesale Grocer, 434 9th street. 
 One of the many business houses whose 
 history and standing is well worthy to 
 occupy a prominent place upon the pages 
 of this work of general information is the 
 popular establishment of the gentleman 
 whose name heads this sketch. While 
 this is not one of the most pretentious in 
 the city, yet is destined in the near future 
 to eclipse many older establishments and 
 to meet the fondest anticipations of the 
 proprietor. The premises occupied are 
 ample in dimensions and well adapted to 
 
 the grocery business. Mr. Edmonston 
 does a general wholesale and retail gro- 
 cery business, and makes a specialty in 
 bakers', butchers', and confectioners' sup- 
 plies. He is a man of good business ac- 
 quirements, and his house is rapidly 
 growing in popular favor. He has built 
 up a trade in the city by his enterprise 
 and business sagacity that is second to 
 none, and of which he may well feel 
 proud. He deals in every character of" 
 goods usually found in a first-class house 
 of the kind, which he sells upon the most 
 satisfactory terms. 
 
266 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 NATIONAL HOTEL, 
 Corner of Pennsylvania avenue and Sixth streets. 
 
 Tenney & Crosby, Prop'rs. 
 
 Washington is fast outstripping every other city in America in the elegance and 
 number of its hotels. Among the most popular of the first-class houses in the city 
 
 the National takes a lead- 
 ing place. This hotel was 
 founded about fifty years 
 ago, and was conducted with 
 varying success until 1871, 
 when Mr. Tenney, of the 
 present firm, assumed en- 
 tire control of the house, 
 and later, he sold a part in- 
 terest to Mr.W. H. Crosby, 
 his present partner. Since 
 their management was in- 
 augurated the house has 
 been favored with a steady 
 and substantial success. 
 j There are comfortable and 
 g complete apartments for 
 over 400 guests, including 
 elegant parlors, drawing- 
 rooms, dining-rooms, and 
 every other essential of a 
 first-class house, including 
 a corps of most obliging 
 clerks. Safest hotel in the 
 country in case of fire, hav- 
 ing six different stairways 
 from top to ground floor. 
 The culinary department is 
 all that can be asked, its 
 tables being filled with the 
 best the market affords and 
 the delicacies of the season. 
 So popular is this house that 
 the saying "Once a guest 
 always a guest " has become 
 literally true of this hotel. 
 Mr. Tennejr, the senior mem- 
 ber of the firm, was born 
 and educated in New Hamp- 
 shire, and came to Wash- 
 ington in 1857. Mr. Crosby, the junior member of the firm, is a gentleman of sterl- 
 ing ability and favorably known to the traveling public. 
 
 C. F. ROWE, 
 
 Attorney-at-Law, U. S. Commissioner, 
 
 <&c, 319 4 }A street N.W. 
 
 Among the attorneys-atdaw who are 
 also United States commissioners and ex- 
 aminers in chancery in the District of 
 Columbia is Mr. C. F. Howe. He was 
 born in Washington county, Maryland, 
 .and has been a resident of the District 
 
 since 1861, where he received his educa- 
 tion, graduating from the Columbia Law 
 School, and where he has practiced his 
 profession with success. He was com- 
 missioned by the supreme court of the 
 District in 1879. Since the commence- 
 ment of his official career he has disposed 
 of many cases under the poor convict 
 law, and discharged in a general manner 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 267 
 
 all the duties devolved upon him, both 
 as commissioner and attorney-at-law, with 
 that satisfaction that is born of ability 
 and attention to business. Mr. Rowe is 
 a young man with a promising career be- 
 fore him, and with the opportunities pre- 
 sented in the professional race for dis- 
 tinction he will be found among the fore- 
 most. 
 
 ISAAC WALKER, 
 
 Plain and Ornamental Roof Slater, 
 
 525 10th street n. w. 
 
 Washington is an excellent field for 
 this business, superior in fact to any city 
 in the country, drawing her supplies from 
 the slate beds to be found almost at her 
 door, to meet the ever-growing demand 
 that comes from the new buildings spring- 
 ing into existence daily. Among the 
 slaters of this city who rank as thoroughly 
 practical, is Mr. Isaac Walker, of 525 
 10th street. He established himself in 
 1883, and is prepared to do all kinds of 
 plain and ornamental slating. Wall 
 slates can always be found on hand, and 
 by his system he guarantees to prevent 
 dampness from striking through the walls 
 when constructed by him. Mr. Walker 
 was born and educated in England, and 
 is about twenty-five years of age, and has 
 been in America only about eighteen 
 months, where he has already become 
 popular through his thorough work and 
 good business methods, and has himself 
 become identified with the material ad- 
 vancement of his adopted city. 
 
 H. B. CRITTENDEN, 
 
 Real Estate and Insurance Agent, 1422 
 
 New York avenue. 
 
 In the management of the real estate 
 and insurance business, Washington has 
 many rivals. Here it is that we find 
 some of the ablest agents and attorneys 
 in the United States, and where the com- 
 petition is sharp. Among the prominent 
 new enterprises in this line of business 
 Mr. H. B. Crittenden occupies a conspicu- 
 ous place. He commenced business in 
 February, 1884, at No. 1422 New York 
 avenue, where his office will be found 
 upon the first floor, fitted up in a most 
 neat and inviting manner. He makes a 
 specialty of handling city lots and houses, 
 collects rents, and negotiates loans upon 
 the most satisfactory terms. He also 
 places insurance in first-class home and 
 ! foreign companies. He has some of the 
 finest property in the city in his hands 
 I for sale. His sales for the last few 
 ! months aggregate about $50,000. Upon 
 ; the walls of his office is to be seen plats 
 j of such property as the Washington 
 Heights, Mount Pleasant Heights, Le 
 Droit Park, and other valuable city and 
 suburban property. Mr. Crittenden is a 
 native of Madison, Indiana, being the son 
 of a distinguished lawyer of that city. 
 He is a graduate of the Law Department 
 of Columbia College of the class of 1876. 
 He is a young man of fine presence, well 
 calculated to make and retain friends in 
 business. It is safe to predict for him a 
 successful future. 
 
INDEX TO GUIDE. 
 
 Agricultural Department 52 
 
 Army Medical Museum 51 
 
 Benevolent Institutions 55 
 
 Bureau of Engraving and Printing 53 
 
 Cabin John's Bridge 59 
 
 Capitol and Grounds 4.1 
 
 Cemeteries 57 
 
 City Hall 52 
 
 Corcoran Art Gallery 50 
 
 Court of Claims 50 
 
 Departments of State, War and Navy 48 
 
 Department of the Interior 51 
 
 Department of Justice 50 
 
 District Commissioners . 52 
 
 Education 56' 
 
 Executive Mansion 48 
 
 Georgetown 58 
 
 Georgetown College 58 
 
 Georgetown Heights 59 
 
 Geodetic Survey Office 47 
 
 Government Printing Office 51 
 
 Great Falls 59 
 
 Industrial Home 59 
 
 Lafayette Square 4S 
 
 Linthicum Institute 59 
 
 Little Falls 59 
 
 Mount Vernon 60 
 
 National Museum 52 
 
 National Observatory 153 
 
 Naval Hospital 53 
 
 Naval Monument 47 
 
 Navy Yard 54 
 
 Newspapers 54 
 
 Peabody Library 59 
 
 Pension Office 51 
 
 Post Office Department ,. 51 
 
 Religion 56 
 
 Smithsonian Institution 52 
 
 Societies 55 
 
 Soldiers' Home 53 
 
 Treasury Department 48 
 
 United States Fish Commission 5 2 
 
 Washington and other Monuments 49 
 
 Washington Aqueduct 59 
 
 (268) 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Abbott, W. E., Groceries and Provisions 75 
 
 Abell, Chas. R., Patent Attorney 165 
 
 Abrahams, M., Railroad Tickets 160 
 
 A.cker & Co., Building Stone 163 
 
 Adams, Brad., Bookseller 138 
 
 Agnew, J. P., & Co., Coal Dealers 206 
 
 Albers, J. H., Watchmaker and Jeweler Ill 
 
 Albright & Co., Wholesale Coal Dealers 106 
 
 Alburger, W. H., Trunk Maker 240 
 
 Alderney Dairies' Depot, F. K. Ward, Prop'r '264 
 
 Alexander, C. M., Patent Attorney 174 
 
 Alexander, T. H., Patent Attorney 104 
 
 Aman's Restaurant 236 
 
 Anderson, N., Carpenter and Builder 213 
 
 Andrews, E. F., Artist 150 
 
 Arlington Hotel, T. Roessle & Son, Prop'rs 78 
 
 Arlington Market. R. A. Cronin & Son, Prop'rs 263 
 
 Armstrong, R. C, Mechanical Engineer 198 
 
 Arnold, Wm. M., Grocer 148 
 
 Aschenbach, Geo. H., Machinist 205 
 
 Ashley, James A., Patent Attorney 155 
 
 Atchison, J. I., Sanitary Plumber 112 
 
 Atkinson, F. G., Architect 222 
 
 Bache, A. T., Carpenter and Builder 238 
 
 Bacon, Dr. R. A., Druggist 191 
 
 Baillieux, L., Florist 237 
 
 Baldus, Wm. T., Pharmacist 148 
 
 Bancroft, S. C, Dentist 131 
 
 Bank of Washington, The Ill 
 
 Barber & Ross, Builders' Supplies 67 
 
 Barbour, James F., & Co., Lumber Merchants 169 
 
 Barker, R. W., Embalmer and Undertaker lir 
 
 f Barlow's Art Gallery 103 
 
 (Barlow, H. N., Art Gallery 231 
 
 Barringer, W. S., Ink Manufacturer 257 
 
 Bartlett, Wallace A., Patents 130 
 
 Beall, John E., Commissioner of Deeds 194 
 
 Beard, Henry, Land Attorney 130 
 
 Beck, John, Restaurant 255 
 
 Beckham & Middleton, Iron Works 71 
 
 Beers Bros., Stair Builders 251 
 
 Bell, W. H., & Bro., M-street Market 173 
 
 Bellew, James, Undertaker 191 
 
 Bennett, C. F., Shipwright and Chandler 237 
 
 Berlin, Wm., Druggist 175 
 
 Bethesda Dairy, C. E. Arthur, Prop'r 207 
 
 Beuter, Max. A., Plumber, &c 207 
 
 Bex & Heunsch, Carriage and Wagon Builders.... 182 
 
 Bing, George, Stencils and Stamps 136 
 
 Bishop, Charles E., Insurance and Real Estate 75 
 
 Blackford, B. Lewis, Fire Insurance 88 
 
 Bliss, Dr. E. B., Dentist 131 
 
 Blunt, II. W.. Manufacturer Hydraulic Cement.... 159 
 
 Bodemer, Alfred, Prop'r Central Pharmacy 201 
 
 Boiseau, J. T., Ornamental A Machine Smithing.. 162 
 
 Boss, J. S., Carpenter and Builder 213 
 
 Bouis, S. G., &. Co., Stoves, Ranges, &e 145 
 
 Bowdler, Rob't, Florist i,v, 
 
 Bowen, O. T., House and Sign Painter 196 
 
 Bowen, J. G, Livery Stables 205 
 
 Bowen, W. E., Mechanical Draftsman 240 
 
 Boyd, Wm. H., Directory Publisher 199 
 
 Brace, Russel, Druggist 209 
 
 Bradford, E. H., Model Maker 254 
 
 Bradford, B. B., Architect 151 
 
 Brecht, T. C, Patent Attorney 71 
 
 Breed, Dan'l, Patent Attorney 255 
 
 Brereton, W. H., Patent Attorney 252 
 
 Breuninger, H. F., Dairy and Lunch Rooms 142 
 
 Brick, E., Carriage and Wagon Builder 186 
 
 Brickwedde, C. A., Fine Furniture 182 
 
 Briel, M., Manufacturer of Candies in:: 
 
 Bridwell, M. T., Bottling Depot 139 
 
 Brien, J. F., Plumber 221 
 
 Briggs, Mrs. Mary, Dver 211 
 
 Brightwell, O. H., Dentist 99 
 
 Bromwell, J. E., Plating Works 180 
 
 Brooke, R. A., Studio 115 
 
 Page. 
 
 Broome, D., Groceries, &c 238 
 
 Brown, Glenn, Architect 217 
 
 Brown, Austin P.. Army and Navy Supplies 115 
 
 Brown, Thos. A., House and Sign Painter 212 
 
 Bryan, C. C, Fine Groceries, &c 95 
 
 Bryan, J. B., Fine Groceries 85 
 
 Brynan, J., Engraving Office 210 
 
 Ba'lloch, Geo. W., General Agent 127 
 
 Bundy, Chas. S., U.S. Commissioner 163 
 
 Burford, W. E., Real Estate, &c 215 
 
 Burgdorf, E., Livery Stables 183 
 
 Burkhart, H., Furniture, Carpets, &e 76 
 
 Burns & Sons, Marble Works, &c 168 
 
 Burns, W. G., Flour and Feed 142 
 
 Barr, H. D., Tailor 71 
 
 Burroughs, W. C, Cabinet Maker 192 
 
 Burton,"R. C. M., Sails, Awnings, &c 117 
 
 Butler & Clarridge, Pharmacists 173 
 
 Butler, J. B., Bottler 153 
 
 Byng, Geo. T., Druggist 188 
 
 Cabell, T. E., Carpenter and Builder 228 
 
 Cadmus, Eugene, Florist 230 
 
 Campbell, John, Cabinet Maker 180 
 
 Cammack & Decker, Lime Manufacturers 119 
 
 Cammack Bros., Florists 200 
 
 Canfield, C. H., Groceries and Provisions 112 
 
 Cartwright & Johnston, Li:<ne\Kilns 193 
 
 Cavanaugh & Walsh, Painters 217 
 
 Christiani, C, Druggist 106 
 
 Church & Stevenson, Lumber Merchants 174 
 
 Clapp, E. D., Machinist, &o 220 
 
 Clark & Given, Coal and Wood 102 
 
 Clarke, John A., Attorney and Commissioner 118 
 
 Clarkson, J. A., & Co., Contractors, &c 235 
 
 Clements, J. T., Undertaker 236 
 
 Cochran, Geo. W., Tobacco and Cigars 71 
 
 Cochrane, James, Carriages and Wagons 173 
 
 Cockerille, Dr. S. J., Dentist 166 
 
 Cole, T. P., Pharmacist 218 
 
 Collins, J. F., Contractor 173 
 
 Columbus, A. C, Photographer 243 
 
 Columbia Tannery, Wm. R. Turner, Prop'r 193 
 
 Columbian Wire- Works, D. W. Beveridge & Co 180 
 
 Columbia File- Works, H. Rosendale, Prop'r 154 
 
 Conrad, F. A., Carpenter and Builder 248 
 
 Cook, J. J., Boarding Stables 219 
 
 Cook, John J., Carriages and Wagons 157 
 
 Cropley, T. L., Pharmacist 224 
 
 Cowling, A., Livery Stables 183 
 
 Crane, John H., Commission Merchant 140 
 
 Cranford, H. L., Contractor 92 
 
 Crittenden, H. B., Real Kstate, Ac 266 
 
 Cropley, R. B., & A. B., Teas, Wines, Groceries 127 
 
 Cropley, Geo. W., Drugs and Medicines 189 
 
 Cropley, Boteler & Crampton, Fertilizers 190 
 
 Cross, T. B., Jr., Coal and Wood 131 
 
 Crowley, D., Oyster Dealer 175 
 
 Cullison, E. T., Stair Builder 231 
 
 Cunningham, M., Hatter 147 
 
 Curry, Levi, Cabinet Maker 202 
 
 Curtis & Burdette, Land Claims, &c 107 
 
 Dalton & Strickland, Fine Shoes 141 
 
 Daly, P., Grocer 222 
 
 Danenhower & Son, Real Estate 167 
 
 Danforth, Roderick F., Danforth's Fluids 86 
 
 Darneille, P. A., Real Estate 256 
 
 Daughton, J. B., Iron Founder 178 
 
 Davidson, A., Manufacturer of Carriages 195 
 
 Davis, Josephine, Confectionery, &c ^4s 
 
 Davis, W. B. T., Drugs ." 70 
 
 Davison's Dye Works, Mrs. Davison, Prop'r 183 
 
 Deane, L., Patent Attorney 151 
 
 Decorative Art School, Mrs. Hoyleand .Miss Walker 112 
 
 Dellinger, H. M., Carpenter and Builder 216 
 
 Demonet, Mme., & Son, Confectioners ] igg 
 
 Denham, Chas. S., & Co., Carpenters, &c .'. 222 
 
 Depoilly, Mr. and Mme., Dyers " m 129 
 
270 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY, 
 
 Page. 
 
 Desio, S., Manufacturing Jeweler 244 
 
 Dodge & Son, Patent Attorneys 69 
 
 Donaldson, Dr. R. B., Dentist 138 
 
 Donnelly, O., Carpenter, Painter, &c 210 
 
 Doolev, F.X., Druggist 250 
 
 Doubleday &, Bliss, Patent Attorneys, &c 99 
 
 Dove, J. Maury. Coal and Wood 66 
 
 Downey, Wm. T , Livery Stables 261 
 
 Drummond & Bradford, Attorneys 83 
 
 Dufour, Clarence, Druggist 128 
 
 Dutfv, O. E., Patent Attorney 207 
 
 Duke, Dr. B. M., Dentist 170 
 
 Dunlop, G. T., Fertilizers 98 
 
 Dyer, Geo. W., Attorney 154 
 
 Dyer & Scully, Contractors and Builders 221 
 
 Ebbitt House Livery Stables, J. E. Berry, Prop'r... 1S5 
 
 Edmonston, R. A., Contractor, &c 230 
 
 Edmonston, R. O., Wholesale Grocer 2G5 
 
 Edson Brothers, Patent Attorneys 77 
 
 Edwards & Son, Marble Workers, &c 217 
 
 Eiehelberger, D. C, Grocer 137 
 
 Ellis, John F., & Co., Musical Instruments 153 
 
 Emmet House, D. O'Brien, Proprietor 185 
 
 Ennis, Henry J., Patents and Models 145 
 
 Entwisle, W. B., & Co., Pharmacists... 246 
 
 Equitable Co-operative Building Association 261 
 
 Ergood, J. ('., & Co., Wholesale Grocers 104 
 
 Evans, A. II., & Co., Patents 77 
 
 Evans, Fred. W., Dining Rooms 91 
 
 Evans, R. K., Patent Attorney 149 
 
 Evans Dining Rooms, The, C. B. Smith, Prop'r 95 
 
 Evans, R., Marble and Stone Worker 258 
 
 Ewald, H. C, Baker and Confectioner 243 
 
 Ewin, Jas. L., Patents 173 
 
 Faber, Louis, Hotel and Restaurant 252 
 
 Fadeley & Bro., Livery Stables 246 
 
 Fague, S. J., & Son, Real Estate, &c 139 
 
 Fairfax Dairy, D. B. Russel, Proprietor 177 
 
 Fall, Frank H., Market and Cafe 262 
 
 Fanning, Chas. J.. Slater 265 
 
 Fegan, H. J., Wine Merchant 214 
 
 Fenwick, R. M. A., House and Sign Painter 206 
 
 Fick, Edward & Co., Ice Cream and Oyster Saloon 129 
 
 Fielding, C. H., Druggist 160 
 
 Finley, Wm. L., Notary Public, &c 181 
 
 Finley, Dr. M. P., Dentist 104 
 
 Fischer, Anton, Cleaning and Dyeing 149 
 
 Fisher, Wm., Instrument Maker 197 
 
 Fisher, T. J., Artist 106 
 
 Fitzgerald, M., Carriage Maker, &c 240 
 
 Fitzhugh & Shute, Grocers 123 
 
 Flannery, M. a, Marble Worker 202 
 
 Fleischmann, C, Confectioner, &c 232 
 
 Ford, Ellery C, Land Claim Attorney 93 
 
 Ford Brothers, Brickmakers 246 
 
 -Forsberg & Murray, Machinists 166 
 
 Forsberg, G. W., Fresco Painter 223 
 
 Fox, Albert F., Real Estate A vent 85 
 
 Frain, D. M., House and Sign Painter, &c 247 
 
 Franklin Insurance Company, Dan'l Clarke, Pres. 178 
 
 Franklin Market, Bates & Wood 220 
 
 Freeman, J. R.. Florist 116 
 
 French, W. IT., 'Taxidermist 160 
 
 Frey, J. J., & Sons, Contractors, &c 179 
 
 Friebus, Gustav, Architect 259 
 
 Friedrich, Fianz F., Engraver, Ac 201 
 
 Fritsch, Geo., Slate and Tile Roofer 182 
 
 Furm.-ige, Mrs. Wm., Florist 121 
 
 Fussell, J., Confectionery and Ice Cream 70 
 
 Galloway, John R., Bell Hanger, &c 188 
 
 Gannon, T., Grocer 200 
 
 Garfield Dining Rooms, The, W. T. Crump, Prop.. 156 
 
 Gartrell, T. 8., Boots and Shoes 219 
 
 Gasch, R., Gun and Locksmith 202 
 
 Gautron, J. B., Manufacturer of French Bon Bons 241 
 
 Gawler, Joseph, Undertaker 103 
 
 Geier, F., & Son, Undertakers 259 
 
 Georgetown Gaslight Company 256 
 
 Germeroth, J., Manufacturer of Furniture 200 
 
 Getz, A., Carpenter, Ac 231 
 
 Geyer, W. F., Livery and Carriage Repository 252 
 
 Gheen, John H., Livery Stables 158 
 
 Gibbons, J. 11. , Carpenter and Builder ^41 
 
 Gibbs, Dr. J. B., Dentist 145 
 
 Gibson, Bros., Printers 95 
 
 Page. 
 
 Gladmon, Edwin, Pharmacist 141 
 
 Glenn, W. D., Jeweler 181 
 
 Globe Art Bronzing Co 66- 
 
 Glorius, Geo., Florist 124 
 
 Goddard, Wm. W., Bricklayer for Ranges, &c 199 
 
 Godey, Edward, Manufacturer of Lime 99- 
 
 Good Hope Dairy, C. D. Golden 225- 
 
 Goodman, J. O, Grocer 177 
 
 Gooch, Chas. J., Patent Attorney 102 
 
 Graham, C. B., Lithographer and Engraver 101 
 
 Grass, A., Art Furniture 251 
 
 Gray,"E. N., & Co., Manufacturer of Steam Eng's... 79' 
 
 Gray '& Page, Architects 96 
 
 Greenleaf Coffee and Spice Mills, The 91 
 
 Griesbauer, J. A., Tailor 191 
 
 Groat, W. H., Contractor 187 
 
 Grupe, A., Confectioner, &c 258 
 
 Guethler, J. O., Brewery 254 
 
 i ;n i Id, James, Picture Dealer 209 
 
 Guinand & Stimson, Coal and Wood 168 
 
 Gundling, Louis, Grocer 124 
 
 Gunnell, Dr 110 
 
 Gunson, E. Q., Life Insurance 171 
 
 Haas, Geo., Jr., Steel Plate Lithograph Engraver.. 169 
 
 Haight, H., House and Sign Painter 230 
 
 Haight, H. S., Grocer 129 
 
 Haislett, S. J., Store and Veranda Awnings 243- 
 
 Hall, Geo. R., Carriage Manufacturer 205 
 
 " Hamilton," The, W. M. Gilson, Prop'r 213- 
 
 Hanlon, A., Grocer 218 
 
 Hannan, Ed. J., Plumber 215 
 
 Hanneman, J. R., Architect 125 
 
 Hanson, T. M., Insurance 136 
 
 Harban.Dr. W. S., Dentist 122 
 
 Hardell, J. W., Grocer 210 
 
 Harkness, John C, Architect 173 
 
 Harris & Oliver, Attornevs-at-Law 143 
 
 v'Hartleben, Dr. C. A., Dentist 167 
 
 Hartig, G., & Son. Hardware, &c 69 
 
 Harvey, P., Grocer 212 
 
 Harvey, R. F., Undertaker 145 
 
 Havenners' Bakery, B. Charlton & Co., Prop'rs 170 
 
 Hayward & Hutchinson, Mantels, Tiles, &c 204 
 
 Hazel, W. C, Livery Stables 207 
 
 Heany, Thomas, Marble & Granite 176 
 
 Heil, 'Henry, Merchant Tailor 175 
 
 Heiskell, P. II., Jr., & Co., Agricultural Impl's 147 
 
 Helmick, Wm., Justice of Peace 94 
 
 Henkle, Edw'd A., Printer x 
 
 Hepner, Wm., Wig Maker 184 
 
 Herdic Phaeton Co., The 63 
 
 Herman, A., Clothier 203 
 
 Herron, J. H., Claims and Insurance 153 
 
 Heurich's Brewery, Christian Heurich, Prop'r 152 
 
 Hickey's Vienna Model Bakery 178 
 
 Hickling, D. P., Pharmacist 142 
 
 Hills, Thos. O., Dentist 102 
 
 Hirsch, S., Fine Clothier 209 
 
 Hiser, Paul, & Sons, Stone and Earthenware ... 184 
 
 Hoekemeyer, John, Grocer 150 
 
 Hodgkin.Dr. James B 143 
 
 Hofl'a, II., Watch Materials, &c 219 
 
 Hoffman, L., Boot and Shoe Maker 195 
 
 Holly Tree Hotel, J. D. Croissant. Proprietor 146 
 
 Holtzman, Robt, O., Real Estate, &c 96 
 
 Homer & Saurbaugh, Carpenters and Builders 247 
 
 Hopkins Bros., Books, Souvenirs, &c 199 
 
 Howe's Business School, Geo. W. Howe, Prop'r 122 
 
 Howard, Dr. Edwin 136 
 
 Howard, F. W., Draftsman 240 
 
 Howard, G. H., & W. T., Patent Attorneys 88 
 
 Howard House, The 253 
 
 Hughes' Soap Works', Memmert & Co 118 
 
 Hugo, L. C. F.. Dentist 157 
 
 Hunt, J. P.., House and Sign Painter 248 
 
 Hunt, K. Finley, Dentist 90 
 
 Ingalls, J. E. N., Dentist 155 
 
 Iron Clad Paint Co., Wm. F. Holton 199 
 
 Jackson, E., Saddle and Harness Maker 229 
 
 Jacobs, Geo. 'I'., Model Maker 195 
 
 Johnson Brothers, Photographers 141 
 
 Johnson & Baker, Boat Builders 247 
 
 Johnson, N.G., Photographer 226 
 
 Jenkins, A. O, Patent, Land, and Claim Attorney.. 105 
 Jenkins, H. N., Patent Attorney 163 
 
WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 271 
 
 Page. 
 
 Jouvenal, A. H., Marble Works 2.57 
 
 Joyce & Spear, Patent Attorneys 177 
 
 Joyce, A. J., Carriage Manufacturer 260 
 
 Judd & Detweiler, Printers and Publishers 85 
 
 Karr. J., Chronometers and Jewelry 171 
 
 Kaufman, A., Combination Store 230 
 
 Keenan, W. T., Carpenter and Builder 164 
 
 Kemethv, M. Kets, Photographer 249 
 
 Kenderdine & Paret, Contractors, <fcc 90 
 
 Kervand, J. L., Engraver, Lithographer, &c 125 
 
 Kettler, Louis, Merchant Tailor 141 
 
 Keys* Co., Livery Stable 2(i0 
 
 Kil'lmon, W. H., Grocer, 143 
 
 King, E. H., Cabinet Maker 1S9 
 
 King, Thos. J., Architect and Contractor 242 
 
 Kirkwood, H. B., Oyster Packer 132 
 
 Knight Brothers, Patents 72 
 
 Knox's Express, Geo. W. Knox, Proprietor 80 
 
 Kolb, Wm., Carpenter and Builder 225 
 
 Koppel, H., Artist Tailor 121 
 
 Kosack, E., Manufacturer Jewett's Patent Leg 195 
 
 Krafft, G-. S., & Son, Bakers and Confectioners 105 
 
 Kubel, Edward, Manufacturer Astronomical and 
 other Instruments 246 
 
 Lamb, L. H., Original National Pie Bakery 192 
 
 Lambie, James B., Hardware 94 
 
 Langley & Gettinger, Carpenters and Builders 159 
 
 Lansburgh & Bro., Dry Goods 68 
 
 Lansdale, J. W., Grocer 162 
 
 Lauten Engraving Co., The 108 
 
 Leadingham & Co., Livery Stables 76 
 
 Leitch, Robt., & Sons, Brass Works 114 
 
 Lewis, Wm. F., Sign Painter 256 
 
 Lewis & Murphy, Signs 148 
 
 Libbey, Jos., & J. E., Lumber Yards 161 
 
 Linger, H. A., Manufacturer of Hair Mattresses... 183 
 
 Lloyd's Original 25 Cent Express 175 
 
 Lockerman, Dr. Thos. G., Dentist 197 
 
 Loekhart, Geo. B., Pharmacist 237 
 
 Lord, Wm, Groceries and Provisions 106 
 
 Lowe, Wm. R., Groceries and Provisions 78 
 
 Luckett, S. T., Real Estate Agent 130 
 
 Luther, Daniel &, Son, Sign Painters, &c 200 
 
 Lutz, Wm. F., Engraver, Ac 239 
 
 McAvoy, Geo. F., Plumber, &c 192 
 
 McCartney, P., Builders, &c 174 
 
 McComas, E. M., Pharmacist 201 
 
 McCormick, M., Grocer 225 
 
 McCullen, C. P., Grocer 19S 
 
 McDowell, S. C., Grain Elevator, &c 109 
 
 McFarlan, Daniel W., Dentist 112 
 
 McFarland, W. F., Livery Stables 223 
 
 McGowan, M. A., Contractor 116 
 
 Mclntire, Wm. Cranch, Patents, &c 139 
 
 Mcintosh, J. T., Merchant Tailor 212 
 
 McKenny, F. T., Cabinet Maker, &c 249 
 
 McLean, Wm., & Son, Lumber Dealers 167 
 
 McLeod, Rob't, Stone Works 162 
 
 McN'eal, H. W., Bookbinder 137 
 
 McShane, Henry. & Co., Plumbers' Supplies 137 
 
 McQuade * Sohns, Candy Manufacturers 242 
 
 McQueeny, Hugh F., Florist 162 
 
 Macnichol, «'., & Son, Sign and Dec. Painters 204 
 
 Mades, Charles, Mades' Hotel 169 
 
 Magruder, John H., Fine Groceries, &c 93 and 236 
 
 Mahoney, Jno. R., Paper Hanger, &c 250 
 
 Maison Doree, Solari Bros., Prop'rs 7:: 
 
 Manning,.!. F., A Co., Steam Marble Works 168 
 
 Marche, Wm. B., Sheet-Iron Worker, &c 231 
 
 Marini's Dancing Academy, Prof. L. G. Marini 119 
 
 Markriter, J., Paper Hangings, &c 64 
 
 Mark ward, II., House Painter 224 
 
 Marr, A. A., Real Estate Broker 264 
 
 Marshall, Thos. II., Photographer 245 
 
 Masson, E. E., Patents 151 
 
 Maynard, Edward, Dental Surgeon 113 
 
 Meline, Louis 1)., Artist 105 
 
 Merrill, Dr. Wm., Dentist 84 
 
 Messer, E. C, Artist 118 
 
 Messer, Geo., Baker 206 
 
 Metropolitan Hotel, The, Selden & Bobbins, Prop. 121 
 
 Meyers, J. G., Architect, &e 84 
 
 Miller, Geo. W., & Co., Painters 229 
 
 Mills, S. C, Justice and Commissioner 118 
 
 Misfit Store, Original London, H. Friedlander, Pr. 197 
 
 Page. 
 
 Monrote, A., Watch Case Maker, &c 208 
 
 Moore, J. A. K., Wall Paper T.94 
 
 Moore, W. H., Book and Job Printer 165 
 
 Moriarty, J. H., Tailor 188 
 
 Mount Vernon Dairy, D. C. Fahey, Prop'r '" 251 
 
 Muncaster, Dr. S. B., Dentist 93 
 
 Murray, E., Caterer, &c " 140 
 
 Mutual Reserve Fund Life Ass'n of New York.".'.'.'. 150 
 
 Nailor, Allison, Livery Stables 79 
 
 Nailor, Washington, Livery Stables ...'.'" 263 
 
 National Bank of Republic, The .' 109 
 
 National Brass Works, Tims. Somerville &' Sons. ' 211 
 
 National Bronzing Co., H. P. Hoare, Actuary 214 
 
 National Dairy, C. T. Ray, Prop'r 228 
 
 National Electric Co., The '" 1^ 
 
 National Theatre, W. W. Rapley, Prop'r 62 
 
 Newman, Fred. S., House and Sign Painter 1st 
 
 Newman & Newman, Draughtsmen 135 
 
 Newton, J. C, House and Sign Painter 193 
 
 New York Photograph Co .". 258- 
 
 New York Slate and Marble Mantel Manufactory.'.' 221 
 
 Nichols, H. H., Wood Engraver 135 
 
 Nissen, Prof., Hartvig, Massage, &c 100 
 
 Noble, H. B., Dentist... " 120 
 
 Norwood Institute, The '_"_' ("4 
 
 Nottingham, J. R., Patent Attorney ". ... 159, 
 
 O'Bryon, P. M., Sign Writer, &c 227 
 
 O'Donoghue, M., Fine Groceries " 256 
 
 Ogle, W. F., Painter .....'." v 2 3 
 
 O'Hagan, J., Plumber ""' Zyj 
 
 O'Hare, Edward, Plumber, &c 16("> 
 
 Olcott, J. B., Livery Stables 186 
 
 Oliver's Express 193 
 
 Otto, Mrs. Geo., Bottling Establishment..'."'..!! 181 
 
 Otto, II., Bottler of Ginger Ale, &c 209 
 
 Palais Royal, Abraham Lisner, Prop'r 194 
 
 Palmer, Sam'l O, Soda Water Manufacturer..'..'.'".'.' 126 
 Paret & Whittington, Booksellers & Stationers, .to loo 
 
 Parrj', R. L., Builder 139 
 
 Parsons, Dr. Randall .""" 140 
 
 Parsons, Dr. Starr '" 172 
 
 Partello, Wm. Z., Contractor & Builder................. 241 
 
 Passeno, J., Boat Builder '.." 229 
 
 Paynes' Sons, J., Carriage Manufacturers..'.'..'.'..'.'!.!! 122 
 
 Peake, Wm. O, House and Sign Painter 226 
 
 Pearce * Mertz, Carriage and Wagon Makers!!!!!!! 244 
 
 Pearson, Jos. L., Book and Job Printing 122 
 
 Peters, Norris, Photo-Litographer '. 105 
 
 Pettit & Dripps, Iron Works, &c ..".'" 100 
 
 Philadelphia Candy Factory, J. Wm. Cruit..'.'.'.'.'.'.'. " 143 
 
 Phipps, Wm., Engraver 245 
 
 Plumley, J. A., Planing Mills 204 
 
 Plumley, S. M., Carpenter, &o ..' ^94. 
 
 Potomac Box Factory, L. C. Huth 123 
 
 Potomac Terra Cotta Co .......!. 138 
 
 Price, C. S., Druggist 259 
 
 Price, John T.,<fe Son/National Stables.... 210 
 
 Pullman's Photo-Portraits, &c 190 
 
 Pumphrey, J. W., Livery and Sale Stable's'!!'.'.'.'.!!."" 187 
 Purity Dairy and Dining Rooms 244 
 
 Rakeman, J., Fresco Painter 235 
 
 Raul 1, (r. T., Soap, Neats' Foot Oil, &c 218 
 
 Read, Chas. H., Jr., Architect. "96 
 
 Reisinger, John G., Confectionery, &c... 176 
 
 Rfst. F. W., Merchant Tailor 913 
 
 Rich & Co., Ice Dealers !!."!'.'.'.'."" no 
 
 Richards, A., A- Co., Brick Manufacturers...... 197 
 
 1 ■ hards: n H. V.< £:ro< -.1 _ ■> 
 
 Ries, II. T., Wagons ami Carriages !! ! ns 
 
 Riggs House, c. \v. Spofford, Proprietor 65 
 
 Riggles, .1, Richard, Paints ami I MN, Ac 215 
 
 Riley, P. <;., Dealer in Stoves, Ac... '" 203 
 
 Ritter, Dr. F. W. J., Jr., Patents i- s 
 
 Robertson, T. W., Patents '" fi2 
 
 Rogers. John, Umbrella Manufacturer.'. 933 
 
 Roux & Taulelle, Wine Merchants 235 
 
 Rouzee, Art School {q-j 
 
 Ruppert, Chr., Toys and Fancy Goods... "53 
 
 Rowe, C. F., Attorney and U. S. Commissioner 266 
 
 Saers. C. L., House Mover, &c 98 
 
 Saint Mark Hotel, The, H. C. Bowers, Prop'.'.' 172 
 
 Sanner, J. F Carpenter and Builder ". '.'" 254 
 
 Saul, John, Nurseryman and Florist ........ 109> 
 
272 
 
 WASHINGTON CITY. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Saunders, L. M., & Bro., Real Estate, &o 07, 261 
 
 Sauter, Wm., Carriage and Wagon Builder 136 
 
 Scaggs, R. A. & Co., Carpenters, &c 228 
 
 Schaefer, Chas., Baker 250 
 
 Sehaffer, Geo. F., Plumber and Gas Fitter 243 
 
 Scherger, Wrn., Restaurant, &c 227 
 
 Schmid, Louis & Sons, Florists, Wire Designs 208 
 
 Schneider, Chas., Baker and Confectioner 116 
 
 Schneider Sons, C. A., Iron Foundry 117 
 
 Schneider, W. I., Proprietor Lamb's National Pie 
 
 Bakery 172 
 
 Scholl, R. VV., Druggist 225 
 
 Schultz, L., Florist 125 
 
 Schultze, J. IL, Cigar Manufacturer 238 
 
 Scott, Geo. A., Cigars and Tobacco 245 
 
 Scott, S. C, Carpenter ana Builder 249 
 
 Scott, Dr. S. I 165 
 
 Scribner, Wm. C, Bicycles 83 
 
 Scbille, H., Boot and Shoemaker 219 
 
 Seibert, S. R,, Architect 165 
 
 Seltman, C, Carver and Modeller 210 
 
 Sewell, Thomas & Gregory, Turning and Scroll 
 
 Work 100 
 
 Shedd, Sam'l S., Gas Fitting and Plumbing 95 
 
 Shean, Geo. A., Lumber Dealer 15S 
 
 Sheid, H., Tin Types 228 
 
 Shiles, J. W.,& Son, Lumber Dealers 224 
 
 Shilling, Geo., Surveying and Astronomical In- 
 struments 194 
 
 Shinn.Dr. V., Dentist 174 
 
 Simms, G. G. C, Druggist 73 
 
 Simmons, L., & Co., Stair Builders 239 
 
 Sincell, W. H., Carpenter and Builder 234 
 
 Sinclair, J. W., Machinist, &c 157 
 
 Sinsheimer, M., Livery and Boarding Stables 215 
 
 Smith, A. M., Solicitor of Patents I117 
 
 Smith, Dan'l, Planing Mills 170 
 
 Smith, F. H., & Son, Insurance and Real Estate 72 
 
 Smith, Geo. J., Shoemaker 208 
 
 Smith, H. Clav, Patent Attorney 150 
 
 Smithe, Dr. J." Curtiss, Dentist 115 
 
 Smith, R. D. O., Patent Solicitor 104 
 
 Smith Transparent Ice Co 81 
 
 Smith, W. Morris, Patent Attorney, &c 245 
 
 Smithmeyer & Pelz, Architects....*. 233 
 
 Somes, F. C, Patent Attorney 131 
 
 Spelshouse, J. F., Paper Hanger, &c 220 
 
 Spencerian Business College, Henry C. Spencer... 87 
 
 Springman & Bro, Expressmen 144 
 
 Stanton, P., Baker 239 
 
 Stanton, T. J., Grocer 233 
 
 Steinle, F., Confectionery, &c 192 
 
 Stephan, Albert, Carpenter and Builder 242 
 
 Stephenson's Express Company 179 
 
 Stewart, J., & Son, Marble Yard" 177 
 
 St. James Hotel, Levi Woodbury, Proprietor 263 
 
 Stolpe, E., Plating and Bronzing 216 
 
 Stoops, W. B., Sign Painter 203 
 
 Strang and Tucker, Commission Merchants 115 
 
 Sutphen, J. J., Real Estate 255 
 
 Swiss Dairy, E. Wagner, Proprietor 196 
 
 Tait, James A., Real Estate and Insurance 74 
 
 Taulelle, Mme. D. ( & Co., Plumes 204 
 
 Taxidermy, Studio of, F. S. Webster 132 
 
 Taylor, A. S., Justice of Peace , 144 
 
 Taylor, Dr., Dentist 127 
 
 Temple Hotel, S. D. La Fetra, Prop'r 88 
 
 Ten Eyck, J. B., Dentist si; 
 
 Tenney & Sons, W. H., Flour Manufacturers, &c... 94 
 
 Thompson, J. S., Dairy 1 i:i 
 
 Thompson's Shirt Factory, Chas. Hyatt, Prop'r.... 107 
 
 Thyson House, W. P. Cole, Prop'r 257 
 
 Tomlinson, J. S., Printer 128 
 
 Trembly, L. R., Picture Frames, Ac 221 
 
 Tripp, Henry, Wheelwright 226 
 
 Ulke, Henry, Artist 120 
 
 Page. 
 
 United States Hotel, W. J. Belding, Prop'r 123 
 
 United States Tea Co., E. & R. G. Richard 151 
 
 Van Syckles' Pharmacy 130 
 
 Vaughn, Wm. W., Glass Stainer 227 
 
 Veale & Leigh, Grocers 186 
 
 Veerhoff, W. H., Wall Paper, &c 191 
 
 Veihmeyer, J., Marble and Granite Works 201 
 
 Virginia Brick Co., Lewis Clephane, Pres't 97 
 
 Vogt, John L., Baker and Confectioner 113 
 
 Wagner, G., Manufacturer of Fine Boots & Shoes.. 
 
 Wall, Andrew, Insurance Agent 
 
 Walker, C, Stone Yards 
 
 Walker, G. S., Granite Works 
 
 Walker, Isaac, Slater 
 
 Walsh, E., Grocer 
 
 Walter, Charles, U. S. Commissioner 
 
 Walter, L. Durbin, Druggist 
 
 Walter, Wm., Carriage Manufacturer 
 
 Ward, Philip H., Grocer 
 
 Ward, Wm. N., Plumber, &c 
 
 Warner, B. H., Real Estate Dealer 
 
 Warren, Daniel, Bronzing Works 
 
 Warren, E. B., & Co., Coal Tar Products 
 
 Washington Art Co,, The, Kyser & Paull 
 
 Washington Brass Works, W. H. Douglas, Prop'r. 
 
 Washington Brick Machine Co 
 
 Washington City Gardens, E. LoefHer, Prop'r 
 
 Washington Conservator of Music, O. B. Bullard, 
 
 Prop'r 
 
 Washington Granite Monumental Co 
 
 Washington Life Insurance Co., J. E. Waugh, 
 
 General Agent 
 
 Waters, J. G., & J. M., Commission Merchants 
 
 Waters, R. A., & Son, Printers 
 
 Wanstall & Bro., Phcenix Stables 
 
 Weaver, Kengla & Co., Soap Manufacturers 
 
 Weaver, J. C, & Son, Cabinet Makers 
 
 Weideman, John, Bakery, &c 
 
 Welch, Geo. B., Dentist 
 
 Wendel, H. L., Show Cases 
 
 Westcott, Wilkin, Pharmacist 
 
 Westerfleld, J as., Carpenter and Builder 
 
 Wetzel, H., Wagon Maker 
 
 Weyl, Max, Artist » 
 
 Wheatlev Bios., Lumber Dealers 
 
 Wheeler, B. L., Market Store 
 
 Whitaker, G. A., Books and Stationery 
 
 White, Mrs. E. C, & Sons. Dairy 
 
 White, Geo., & Co., Iron Founders 
 
 Whitehand, R. A., Silver Plater, &e 
 
 Whiting's Millinery Parlors and Bleachery 
 
 Whitman, C. S., Attorney 
 
 Williams, A. J., Wagon and Carriage Builder 
 
 Williams, Lemuel, Undertaker 
 
 Willner, George, Paper Hangings, &c 
 
 Wilson, J. E., Fort Lincoln bairv 
 
 Wilson, W. T., Wagon Builder, &c 
 
 Wine, H. J., Attorney, etc 
 
 Wixom, O. R., Provision Store, 
 
 Wolf, Dr. J. L„ Dentist 
 
 Wolf, Simon, Attorney and Insurance 
 
 Wolfsteiner, Otto L., Skylight Works 
 
 Wolter, Wm., Florist 
 
 Wi.od. C. L., Grocer 
 
 Wormlev's Hotel 
 
 Wright, J. R., Undertaker 
 
 Wright, W. H., Carpenter, J&C 
 
 234 
 198 
 193 
 180 
 266 
 238 
 
 73 
 154 
 214 
 
 05 
 227 
 
 01 
 184 
 158 
 
 92 
 101 
 234 
 253 
 
 84 
 91 
 
 200 
 187 
 185 
 160 
 126 
 181 
 239 
 
 1 25 
 
 254 
 103 
 248 
 241 
 111 
 189 
 100 
 
 81 
 139 
 188 
 243 
 232 
 135 
 208 
 161 
 179 
 262 
 217 
 
 89 
 110 
 104 
 
 97 
 101 
 156 
 
 190 
 120 
 259 
 232 
 
 Xander,;Christian, Wines and Liquors 134 
 
 Yeates, Jesse J., Attorney 114 
 
 Young's Steam Feather and Hair Renovators 161 
 
 Young, Wm., Manufacturer of Boots and Shoes... 106 
 
 Zeverly, A. N., & Son, Agents for Mail Contractors. 98 
 
•"■*£•' "L s 
 
 WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 
 
 THE HIGHEST STRUCTURE IN THE WORLD. 
 COMPLETED 1884. 
 
PREFATORY. 
 
 The growth of the American Republic has been so marked in all points of its 
 material advancement, that its best informed citizens can scarcely keep abreast 
 with our wonderful degree of pi-osperity and with the many rapid transformations 
 continually going on around them. 
 
 Particularly is this the case with our National Capital, which has made such 
 magical strides in improvements during the years which have followed the close 
 of the civil war. 
 
 Recognizing the need of some work which would give a comprehensive and 
 intelligent knowledge of the Washington of to-day, and the place she justly 
 occupies, the publisher has no hesitancy in jdacing it in the hands of the public, 
 believing that no volume heretofore issued contains so great an amount of 
 useful information. 
 
 The design of the work is not only to acquaint the people of Washington with 
 what properly belongs to their city and its material growth, but to place with them 
 a convenient work of reference of such character that its distribution abroad will 
 be a matter of interest to all. 
 
 Whatever may have been the state of affairs set forth as existing under the 
 territorial government, the final outcome seems to have been satisfactory to a 
 great majority, as redounding to the welfare of the Capital and its inhabitants, by • 
 giving an impetus in the right direction, and which is now likely to be continued. 
 There seems to be no doubt that a strong hand was needed to arouse the people 
 out of their lethargy, and which was found in the person of Ex-Governor 
 Shepherd, to whom due credit should be and is accorded for inaugurating the vast 
 system of improvements which will ultimately make Washington what it should 
 be as the Capital of a great Nation. 
 
 It has been our object to produce a volume of readable sketches dealing largely 
 with local affairs and particularly replete with personal matter in reference to 
 those who are mainsprings — commercially and otherwise — and with whom the 
 public, familiar but in name, would gladly become more intimate. To the com- 
 plete attainment of this object we have secured such aids and large public support 
 as must remove our attempt from the limits of mediocrity and insure for it a 
 
 lasting success. 
 
 Respectfully, 
 
 E. E. BARTON, Editor. 
 
WASHINGTON BUSINESS INDEX. 
 
 W. C. DODGE. W. W. DODGE. 
 
 Established in 1864. 
 
 DODGE & SON, 
 
 Attorneys and Solicitors of Patents, 
 
 No. 700 Ninth St., corner of G, 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Opinions as to Infringements, and all business 
 relating to Patents promptly attended to. 
 
 [See page C>9.] 
 
 Main Office, 21st and I Streets Northwest. 
 J. MAURY DOVE, 
 
 (Established 1850) 
 
 WOOD & COAL, 
 
 — Family Coal a Specialty — 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 Branch Office, \ f Branch Office. 
 
 1626 M St. N. W. I \ 1206 H St. N. W. 
 
 Wharf, foot of F and G sts. N.W. [See page 66.] 
 
 WM. R. LOWE, 
 
 GENERAL MARKET HOUSE. 
 
 IU, UiLUU.xu^, 
 MEATS, FISH, &c, 
 
 Nos. 1902 and 1904 Fourteenth St. N. W., 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. [See page 78.] 
 
 slobs as nouns company, 
 
 OFFICE, 1402 IE>^.. AVE. 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 Bronzing by a New Process 
 
 On Glass, Metal, Plaster, Leather, Lincrusta- 
 walton, Wood, &c. 
 
 Sole Manufacturers of Glass Tile for Interior Decora- 
 tion, Mantels, Furniture, Placques, Ac. [See page 66.] 
 
 F. H. SMITH & SON, 
 
 Real Estate, Life and Fire Insurance, 
 
 1222 F Street, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Special attention given to Loans on Real Estate. 
 
 Hartford Life and Annuity Insurance Co., and 
 
 U. S. Life Ins. Co., N. Y. 
 
 Assets. 
 
 Northern Assurance Co., (fire) London $15,000,(100 
 
 American Fire Insurance Co., N. Y 1,110,000 
 
 Providence Washington Ins. Co.., (fire) R.I. 1,107,000 
 
 Howard Insurance Co., (fire) N. Y 827,000 
 
 And other sterling Companies. [See page 72.] 
 
 THE SMITH 
 TRANSPARENT ICE CO., 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 -Ice Machines and Refrigerating Machines— 
 
 of all sizes and for all purposes, 
 and dealers in 
 
 Natural and Artificial Ice, 
 
 Wholesale and Retail, 
 No. 1232 33d street Northwest, 
 
 WASHINGTON, I>. C. [See pp. 81-82] 
 
 CUR,. HEURICH, 
 
 Manufacturer of 
 
 NOTED BRANDS OF BEER, 
 
 Recommended for family use by physicians. 
 TTel^pfcoa© coameffloas ©onaplet©. 
 
 All orders receive prompt attention. 
 Nos. 1229 and 1235 20th Street N. W„ 
 
 w^sraiNG^roisr, ix c. 
 
 [See p. 152] 
 
 G. G. C. SIMMS, 
 
 ZDZR,TTa-Gi-IST, 
 
 New York Avenue, Cor. 14th Street, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 Special attention is given to Physicians' Prescrip- 
 tions, and to the Manufacture of 
 
 KOUMIS AND SODA MINT. 
 
 [See p. 7a] 
 
 -STABLES- 
 
 1330 Pa. Ave., opp. Nat'l Theatre, 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 Branch Office at "Riggs' House," Willard's Hotel, 
 and Imperial Hotel. [See p. 79] 
 
 C. W. SPOFFORD, 
 
 Fifteenth and G Streets Northwest, 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 First-class in all its appointments. 
 
 [See p. 65] 
 
VI 
 
 WASHINGTON BUSINESS INDEX. 
 
 MAISON DOREE, 
 
 Adjoining Willard's Hotel, 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. SOLARI BRO'S, Propr's. 
 
 Dinner Parties a Specialty. 
 
 For the convenience of our patrons, the Ladies' 
 Supper Saloon is open until one A. M. 
 
 [See p. 73] 
 
 G. S. KRAFFT & SON, 
 
 BAKERS AND CONFECTIONERS, 
 
 Southeast cor. Pa. Ave. and iSth St., 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 BOSTON BROWN I5KEAI>, 
 
 Tea Biscuit, Dinner Rolls, &c, 
 
 Always on hand. Families supplied. 
 
 [See p. 105] 
 
 PLUMBING, HEATING, AND VENTILATING. 
 EDWARD CAVERLY & CO., 
 
 No. 1425 New York Ave., Washington, D. C, 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 Archer & Pancoast Mfg. Co.'s Gas Fix- 
 tures, The Union Stove Works Fur- 
 naces and Ranges. 
 
 First-class goods at reasonable prices. [See p. 108] 
 
 H. D. BARR, 
 
 1111 Pennsylvania Avenue, 
 
 G. A. WHITAKER, 
 
 Carl Eupvini, Plate anfl Type Printing. 
 
 Bookseller & Stationer, 
 
 Fancy and Mercantile Stationery, 
 
 No. 1 105 Pennsylvania Avenue, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. [See p. 81] 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 [See p. 71] 
 
 W. \V. CURTIS, S. S. BURDETTE, 
 
 Late Ch. Cl'k, GenH Land Offl. Late Corn'r G. L. Office. 
 
 CURTIS & BURDETT, 
 
 ATTORNEYS AND SOLICITORS. 
 
 SPECIALTY : Land and Mining- Cases. 
 
 Offices: Nos. 925 and 927 F st. N. W., 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 Practice in the Supreme Court of the U. S. and in the 
 Court of Claims. [See p. 107] 
 
 CHARLES J. FANNING, 
 
 SLATER, 
 
 Office and Slate Yard, cor. 9th and H sts. N.W., 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 Plain and Ornamental Slating of all kinds done in the 
 
 best manner at short notice and low prices. 
 Repairing of Roofs a Specialty, and all work guaran- 
 teed. Wall Slate of all kinds for sale. 
 4®=N. B.— Best quality of Roofing Slate always 
 on hand. [See p. 205] 
 
 A. H. EVANS & CO., 
 
 SOLICITORS OF 
 
 AMERICAN & FOREIGN PATENTS 
 
 Attorneys anfl Counsellors in Patent Law, 
 
 Office: Phcenix Building, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. [See p. 77] 
 
 SAMUEL C. PALMER, 
 
 SODA-WATER MANUFACTURER, 
 
 AGENT FOR 
 
 Win. Massey & Co.'s Phila. Draught Ale, Porter, 
 
 and Brown Stout, and Jos. Schlitz Brewing 
 
 Co.'s Milwaukee Lager Beer. 
 
 Pure Cider and Cider Vinegar. 
 
 Depot: 1 2 14 to 1224 29th street Northwest, 
 
 WEST WASHINGTON. [See p. 126] 
 
 THOMPSON'S DAIRY. 
 
 J. S. THOMPSON, Prop'r, 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 MILK, CREAM, FRESH BUTTER, EGGS, 
 
 and Buttermilk, 
 
 No. 511 Four-and-a-Half street S. W., 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. [See p. 149] 
 
WASHINGTON BUSINESS INDEX. 
 
 VII 
 
 MORRIS PETERS. 
 
 'Iioft0-pitkogtapha t 
 
 458 PENNA. AVE., 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. [See p. 105] 
 
 WILLIS DRUMMOND, ROBERT H. BRADFORD, 
 
 Late Coiii'r Gen. L. Office. Late of New Orleans Bar. 
 
 DRUMMOND & BRADFORD, 
 
 ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELORS AT LAW, 
 
 Sio F street Northwest, Washington City: 
 
 Practise in the Supreme Court of the U. S., in the 
 
 Court of Claims, and before all Departments, 
 
 Bureaus and Commissions in Washington, 
 
 giving special attention to Laud Cases 
 
 and all kinds of Scrip. [See p. S3] 
 
 CHARLES H. READ, Jr., 
 
 Cor. G and 15th Streets N. W., 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 [See p. 96] 
 
 PHILIP H. WARD, 
 
 IF 1 1 UNT IE . 
 
 TEAS, WINES, LIQUORS, AND CIGARS, 
 
 IMPORTED AND DOMESTIC 
 
 TABLE LUXURIES, 
 
 S. W. Cor. Penna. Avenue and 2ist street, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. [See p. 65] 
 
 FRED. W. EVANS' 
 
 Dining Eooms f 
 
 § 
 
 No. 919 F street Northwest, 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 [See p. 91] 
 
 Thompson's Shirt Factory, 
 
 CHAS. HYATT, Proprietor, 
 
 MANUFACTURER OF 
 
 FINE DRESS SHIRTS 
 
 AND MEN'S FINE FURNISHINGS, 
 No. 816 F street Northwest, Washington, D. C, 
 Opp. Patent Office. [See p. 167] 
 
 chr. xander; 
 
 IMPORTER OF AND WHOLESALE 
 
 Jlmlcr in Sites anb liquors, 
 
 o 
 
 911 Seventh St. Northwest, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. [See p. 134] 
 
 J. G. WEAVER. E. L. WEAVER. 
 
 J. G. WEAVER &. SON, 
 
 .kers and 
 
 No. 623 G street N. W. (up stairs), 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 All kinds of Fancy Vestibule Doors and Mantels 
 made to order. Furniture Packed and Un- 
 packed. Sewing and laying Carpets 
 
 A SPECIALTY. [See p. 181] 
 
 JAMES A. ASHLEY, 
 
 W M> *T J SB IT V M „ 
 
 No. 700 Ninth street Northwest, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. G. 
 
 Long an Examiner in U. S. Patent 
 Office. 
 
 TWENTY YEARS' EXPERIENCE. 
 (Best references.) [See p. 155] 
 
 HAYWARD &. HUTCHINSON, 
 No. 424 Ninth street Northwest, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C, 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 Wood Mantels, Art Tiles, Brass Fire Soois, 
 
 And Articles of Household Utility. 
 
 Sanitary Plumbing, Heating and Ventilation. 
 
 [See p. 204] 
 
VIII 
 
 WASHINGTON BUSINESS INDEX. 
 
 H. CLAY SMITH, 
 
 AND 
 
 MECHANICAL EXPERT, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 [See p. 156] 
 
 A. C. JENKINS, 
 
 Patent, Land, and United States 
 
 CLAIM ATTORNEY, 
 ©©^ z»QTJi8XAnr/k £kwm.* 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 [See p. 105] 
 
 S. G. BOUIS. 
 
 H. B. MILLER. 
 
 S. G. BOUIS & CO., 
 
 SOLE AGENTS FOR 
 
 Portland Portable Range, Premier Set Range, 
 
 Fireside Jewel Latrobe, and Challenge furnace, 
 
 AND DEALERS IN 
 
 Stoves, Tinware & House-furnishing Goods 
 1103 SEVENTH ST. N. W., 
 
 "W\A.S:E3:iD5rQ-T03Sr, ID. C. 
 
 [See p. 145] 
 
 H. L. CRANFORD, 
 
 General Contractor and Sole Agent D. C. 
 for Dyckerhoff Portland Cement, 
 
 OFFICE, 143Q: F STEE1T ^» W n 
 
 Pavements for Sidewalks, Cellars, Gardens, 
 and Park "Walks, or wherever a solid, durable 
 Pavement is required, with Granolithic, Arti- 
 ficial Stone, Neuckatel Mastic, or Asphaltum. 
 
 ASPHALT ROADWAY PAVING. 
 
 ALL WORK GUARANTEED. [See p. 92] 
 
 Wm. Jardioe, Sec'y. R. Bonar. Wm. Archibald, Treas 
 
 1[it$I|itt0ion Srattib Utmumtmial in. 
 Cor. 11th St. and N. Y. Ave, N. W., 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 Every Description of Monumental and Cemetery 
 
 ■Work Promptly Executed in all Kinds 
 
 and Shades of Granite. 
 
 Polishing and Lettering a Specialty. 
 
 [See p. 91] 
 
 THOS. J. KING, 
 
 OFFICE, 407 13^ STREET N. W., 
 
 WASHIKSfQN, ®. C 
 
 Estimates on all Classes of Work furnished on 
 Short Notice. 
 
 Orders by Mail Promptly Attended to. 
 
 [See p. 242} 
 
 A. N. ZEVELY & SON, 
 
 (Established in iS6g.) 
 
 jtg&tfe \t\ Urn! Sflnltpdm]$ t 
 
 OFFICE, No. 637 F STREET N. W., 
 
 ^VA-SHIlSTG-TOlSr, D. C. 
 
 THE COLLECTION OF PAY FOR MAIL CON- 
 TRACTORS A SPECIALTY. 
 
 [See p. 98] 
 
 W. H, VEERHOFF, 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 %#> A, ?$f # %% A. %) #* ^ff| 
 
 W w 4^ *P> W W' IF sp* ™ » 
 
 Window Shades, Pictures, Frames, 
 Cornices, &c, 
 
 916 Seventh street N. W., 
 Art Store: 411 Seventh street Northwest, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. [See p. 191] 
 
 C. Beckham. R. I. Middleton. 
 
 POTOMAC IRON WORKS. 
 
 BECKHAM & MIDDLETON, 
 
 Machinists, Boiler Makers, Founders, 
 Blacksmiths, and Repairers. 
 
 Spesialties : Iron Railings, Cornices, Crestings*. 
 
 All kinds of Builders' Materials always on hand. 
 
 3105 WATER ST., GEORGETOWN, D. C. 
 
 [See p. 715 
 
 S. J. FAGUE. 
 
 G. M. FAGUE. 
 
 S. J. FAGUE & SON, 
 
 Heal (Estate aitb Claim ^gnik 
 
 Property Sold, Bought, Rented, or Exchanged. 
 
 LOANS NEGOTIATED. 
 
 District Claims a Specialty. 
 
 No. 1420 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C. 
 
 [See p. 139] 
 
WASHINGTON BUSINESS INDEX. 
 
 IX 
 
 JOSEPH GAWLER, 
 
 Furnishing Undertaker 
 
 No. 1726 Pennsylvania Ave., 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 Telephone connections. [See p. 103] 
 
 FOR INYENTOES 
 
 HOW TO OBTAIN THEM. 
 
 Particular attention paid to cases rejected in the 
 hands of other agents. 
 
 HENRY J. ENNIS, 
 
 Attorney and Solicitor of Patents, 
 Box 442, WASHINGTON, D. C. [See p. 145] 
 
 M. BRIEL, 
 
 MANUFACTURER AND WHOLESALE 
 
 No. 417 Ninth street Northwest, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 [See p. 103] 
 
 EUREKA DAIRY DEPOT, 
 
 SALES ROOMS AND DAIRY LUNCH ROOMS, 
 
 H. F. BREUtfl^CJER, 
 
 PROPRIETOR, 
 
 Nos. 616, 618, and 620 13th st. N. W., near G, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 Pure Alderney Milk and Cream a Specialty. 
 
 Best Creamery Butter and Fresh Country Eggs. 
 
 Fresh Buttermilk constantly on hand. 
 Milk delivered by wagons. [See p. 142] 
 
 H. H. DOUBLEDAY. H. H. BLISS. 
 
 DOUBLEDAY & BLISS, 
 
 *$ 
 
 SOLICITORS OF PATENTS, 
 
 715 H street N. W., 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. [See p. 99] 
 
 Virginia Brick Comp'ny 
 
 WORKS: 
 
 Fort Runyon Station, Alexandria County, Va. 
 
 Office: 517 7th street N. W., 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 TRUSTEES.— Lewis Clephane, President; B. H. 
 Warner, Vice-President; W. H. Dempsey, Secretary; 
 G. W. Pearson. C. B. PEARSON, Treasurer and 
 
 General Manager. [See p. 97] 
 
 G. HARTIG & SON, 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 Builders and Coach Hardware, 
 
 Bar Iron, hi Tin Plats, 
 
 »! 
 
 'J 
 
 '? 
 
 SOLDER, &c, 
 
 iooi, Cor. Seventh and K streets Northwest, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. [See p. 69] 
 
 SAMUEL S. SHEDD, 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 Gas Fixtures, Slate Mantels, Grates, 
 
 Latrobes, Ranges, and Furnaces. 
 
 Special attention given to Plumbing and Tinning. 
 No. 409 Ninth street Northwest, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. [See p. 95] 
 
 W. C. HAZEL, 
 
 >pll 
 
 ORDERS FOR 
 
 §e(1diitQ$, $j<trtie$ mid §t{ceytions 
 
 PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO. 
 
 No. 3 141 street, West Washington. 
 
 Boarding Horses a Specialty. 
 
 [See p. 207] 
 
 T. C. BRECHT, 
 SOLICITOR OF AMERICAN AND FOREIGN PATENTS, 
 
 Engineer, Expert, and Draughtsman, 
 No. 614 F street N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Correspondence in German and French. 
 
 Graduate of Polytechnic School in Havana; nearly 
 
 ten years in large machine shops; eight years in 
 
 Engineer Corps, U. S. N.; over twelve years in 
 
 Examining Corps, U. S. Patent Office; and 
 
 several years practising patent 
 
 attorney. [See p. 74] 
 
WASHINGTON BUSINESS INDEX. 
 
 FRANK H. FALL, 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 Fine Family Groceries, Wines, Liquors, 
 
 AND 
 
 1618 and 1620 Fourteenth St. N. W., 
 
 COR. OF CORCORAN STREET, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. [See p. 262] 
 
 ESTABLISHED 
 
 IN 1870. 
 
 J. H. HERRON, 
 
 SOLICITOR AND ATTORNEY 
 
 IN 
 
 Government Claims, 
 
 St. Cloud Building, Corner Ninth and F streets, 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. [See p. 153] 
 
 DANFOBTH 
 iLLlIiUffiS FLUID AND KANUF'CT'S CO,, 
 
 Business Office: 
 
 936 F Street N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Warekooms : 
 
 2710 M Street, Georgetown, D. C. 
 
 RODERICH F. DANFORTH, Prest. [See p. 86] 
 
 KNIGHT BROS,, 
 
 633 F St., Wash'n, D. C, 
 Solicitors of U. S. and Foreign 
 
 AND 
 
 Mechanical Experts. 
 
 Trade Marks Registered. 
 
 SEND FUR 
 
 Book of Instructions. 
 
 Now York Office 30 Broadway 
 [See p. 72] 
 
 CHAS. J. GOOCH, 
 SOLICITOR OF PATENTS 
 
 AND 
 
 COUNSELLOR AT PATENT LAW, 
 
 St Cloud Building, 9th and F Sts. N. W. 
 
 Twenty-one years' practice. Prompt, personal, 
 and faithful attention to all business. Fair 
 charges. Good references. Advice free. Write 
 him. [See p. 102] 
 
 T 1 . ^. AiaMaEi&rarQiHsm, 
 
 Attorney-at-Law and Solicitor in Patent Causes, 
 
 607 Seventli St., (Opjj. Patent Office,) 
 
 Wasixin&ton. JD>. C 
 TweatjP'tkreej Years' Fffactie©. 
 
 Expert examinations and opinions relating to 
 infringements, validity, and scope of Patents and 
 Caveats. Designs, Trade Marks, European and 
 Canadian Patents obtained. For information on 
 Patent Matters send stamp for my " Hints to In- 
 ventors." [Seep. 104] 
 
 EDWARD A. HENKLE, 
 
 1010 ana 1012 Pennsylvania Avenue, 
 'w^.sHiisr&TOisr, r>. c. 
 
 SPECIALTY: NUMBERED COUPON TICKETS 
 FOR THEATRES, ETC. 
 
 Chas. A. Langley. 
 
 J as. G. Gettinger. 
 
 LANGLEY k GETTINGER, 
 
 200 TWELFTH STREET N. W., 
 WASHINGTON, S. C. 
 
 JOBBING AND REPAIRING SOLICITED 
 AND PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO. 
 
 [See. p. 159] 
 
 J. G. & J. M. WATERS, 
 
 General Commission Merchants, 
 
 €*raiii a Specialty, 
 
 1045, 1047, 1049, and 1051 32nd Street, 
 
 West Washington, D. C. 
 
 Agents for Round Top Hydraulic Cement, and Red 
 
 Beach Calcined Plaster. Also Dealers in English, 
 
 French, and German Portland Cements. 
 
 [See p. 187] 
 
 GEORGE WILNER, 
 UPHOLSTERER AND PAPER HANGER 
 
 and deaxee in 
 
 Paper Hangings, Window Shades, 
 
 UPHOLSTERY GOODS, CARPETS, 
 
 FLOOR OIL CLOTHS AND MATTINGS, 
 
 No. 429 Ninth St., bet. D and E Sts., 
 
 WASHINGTON, B> €?„ 
 
 [See p. 17 
 
WASHINGTON BUSINESS INDEX. 
 
 XI 
 
 WM. IIEPi\EE, 
 
 Ladies' and G-ents' 
 
 STREST AND THEATRICAL WIS USSR, 
 
 No. 503 11th Street Northwest, 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 [See p. 184] 
 
 M. C. FLANNERY, 
 
 §arbh and (§muite ^ominmits, 
 
 Foreign, sal HQ<m,@sf£e filing,, 
 
 825 Seventh Street Northwest, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 [See p. 202] 
 
 THOMAS E. WAGGAMAN, 
 
 REAL ESTATE 
 
 Broker and Auctioneer 
 
 No. 917 F Street Northwest, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 S. C. MILLS, 
 
 gtetia tit tto §mu, 
 
 U. S. Commissioner and Notary Public 
 
 For the District of Columbia ; also 
 COMMISSIONER OF DEEDS FOR THE SEVERAL STATES. 
 
 Office: 617 La. Ave., opp. City P. O. 
 Residence: No. 126 E Street Northwest, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. [See p. 118] 
 
 fred'k springmann. c. e. springmann. 
 
 SPRINGMANN & BRO.'S 
 
 616, 618, & 620 Maryland Ave. S. W., 
 
 Calls for and delivers Baggage to all Railroad Depots 
 and Steamboat Wharves. Removes Furniture, 
 
 General Merchandise and Heavy Machinery. 
 We give our personal attention. Orders solicited. 
 
 P. O. Box 509. Tel. No. 46-14. [See p. 144] 
 
 CGKW9EBXA f JJf MET 
 
 W. R. TURNER, Prop'r, 
 
 2078 32nd Street N. W., Washington, D. C, 
 
 MAKES A SPECIALTY OF FURNISHING 
 
 Stove Kindling-wood 
 
 TO DEALERS AND CUSTOMERS. 
 
 [See p. 193] 
 
 NATIONAL PIE BAKERY, 
 
 No. 220 East Capitol Street, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 IV. I. SCHNEIDER, Prop'r. 
 
 [See p. 172] 
 
 BURL'S «fc SOX, 
 
 MARBLE, 
 
 Granite and Brownstone Works, 
 
 Cor. S. Capitol and D Sts. S. W., 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. [See p. 168] 
 
 W. G. SEWELL. J. P. THOMAS. M. GREGORY, 
 
 SEWELL, THOMAS & GREGORY, 
 
 NEW 
 
 TURNING AND SCROLL SAWING 
 
 ESTABLISHMENT, 
 
 N. E. Cor. Twelfth St. and Ohio Avenue, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. [See p. 160] 
 
 M. T. BRIDWELL, 
 
 TONIC BEER, 
 
 Ginger and Pineapple Ale, 
 
 SODA WATER, LAGER BEER, 
 
 AND 
 
 Bottling Establishment. 
 
 347, 349 & 35 1 M st., bet. 3d & 4*4 sts. S.W., 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. [See p. 139] 
 
XII 
 
 WASHINGTON BUSINESS INDEX. 
 
 E. BURGDORF, 
 
 Coupees and Carnages of all Styles, 
 
 Drivers in First-Class Livery, 
 Nos. 418 and 420 Eighth Street N. W., 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 [See p. 183] 
 
 K. A. Waters. 
 
 J. S. Waters. 
 
 R. A. WATERS & SON, 
 
 l@@k ami 3T@fe Prtatero, 
 
 Corner 15th and F Streets N. W,, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 [See p. 185] 
 
 JOHN 0. GUETHLER'S 
 Wavir Manl wtenrerii t 
 
 D Street, bet, 13th and Hth Streets S. E„ 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 [See p. 254J 
 
 THE GARFIELD 
 
 908 F STREET NORTHWEST, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C, 
 
 W. T. CRUMP, PROPRIETOR. 
 
 [See p. 15G] 
 
 Wm. Cammack. Geo. W. Decker. 
 
 CAMMACK & DECKER, 
 
 Manufjlctumjsms of Lime, 
 
 AND DEALERS IN 
 
 CEMENT, PLASTER, & HAIR, 
 28th St., bet. I and K Sts. N. W., 
 
 [See p. 119] 
 
 LOUIS SCHMID & SONS, 
 
 Manufacturers of 
 
 F4FI-1 mo^Mm, 
 
 317 12th St. N. W„ bet. Pa. Ave. and C St. 
 "WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 Orders by Mail promptly attended to. [See p. 208] 
 
 L C. HUTH, PROPRIETOR, 
 
 COR. 5TH AND R STS. N. W., 
 
 WA§et!)0«@T@Pi) 5 ©. ®, 
 
 [See p. 123] 
 
 A.. MONEOTE, 
 
 GOLD, SILVER, AND NICKEL PLATER, 
 
 803 D STREET NORTHWEST, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. G. 
 
 All work warranted and promptly attended to. 
 
 [See- p. 208] 
 
 MAX. A. BEUTER, 
 
 Registered. Plumta, Gas, anfl Steam Fitter, 
 
 606 D Street, near 6th Street N. W., 
 WASHINGTON', D. C. 
 
 ALL KINDS OF JOBBING DONE IN A FIRST- 
 CLASS MANNER, AT THE LOWEST RATES. 
 
 ALL WORK WAEKANTED. 
 
 [See p. 207] 
 
 Mutual Reserve Fund Life Association, 
 
 55 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK, 
 
 Furnishes Life Insurance at less than One-Half 
 the Cost of the Old System. 
 
 IE. B. HARPEE, President. 
 
 CENTRAL TRUST COMPANY OF NEW YORK, 
 
 Trustee of the Reserve Fund. 
 ALL LOSSES PAID PROMPTLY AND IN FULL 
 
 I. Y. KNIGHT, GENERAL AGENT, 
 Office, 1509 H Street Northwest, 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. [See p. 150] 
 
WASHINGTON BUSINESS INDEX. 
 
 XIII 
 
 GEO. HENRY ASCHENBACH, 
 
 414 Eleventh Street Northwest, 
 
 (Adjoining the Star Office,) 
 
 -W-A^szHzinsra-TOiET, id. o. 
 
 Residence: 220 13th st. 8. W. [See p. 205] 
 
 T. B. CROSS, Jr., 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 LUMBER, WOOD, COAL, DOORS, SASH, 
 BLINDS, MOULDINGS, &c. 
 
 Principal Office, Wharf, Depot and Planing Mill, 
 
 Foot of 4th st. East. 
 
 Office: Pa. Ave. and 9th st. N. W., 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. [See p. 131] 
 
 LLEWELLYN DEANE, 
 
 if 0r»je§ at %uw 
 
 AND 
 
 SOLICITOR OF PATENTS, 
 515 Seventh St. N. W., 
 
 w^siHiiisra-TOiisr, nz>_ o. 
 
 [See p. 151] 
 
 JOHN A. SCHNEIDER. 
 
 CHAS. F. SCHNEIDER. 
 
 C. A. SCHNEIDER'S SONS, 
 
 lJr\ioi| Ifor^Wofk^, 
 
 1 2th Street and Ohio Ave., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Iron Work of Every Description. 
 
 [See p. 117] 
 
 CHAS. E. BISHOP, 
 
 INSURANCE AND REAL ESTATE AGENT, 
 
 No. 1008 F St., bet. 10th and nth. 
 
 leal Estate iongbt aito Sjfflr. 
 
 Money Invested on First-class Real Estate 
 Security. Loans Negotiated. Rents Collected. 
 
 [See p. 75] 
 
 LLOYD'S ORIGINAL 
 
 Wtspngtan 25-fet focal <%ms. 
 
 Baggage, Parcels, Freight, etc., called for and 
 
 delivered at Hotels, Depots and all parts 
 
 of the city. Baggage checked at Residence, and 
 
 Moving Orders promptly attended to. 
 
 Telephone No. 739-4. 
 
 Agents for Latour's European Express. 
 
 LLOYD & CO., 1003 F St. [See p. 175] 
 
 D. P. HICKUNG, Ph. D. f 
 
 PHARMACIST 
 
 319 Pennsylvania Avenue, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 [See p. 142] 
 
 PULLMAN'S 
 
 Photographs and Portraits, 
 jf^. No. 935 Penna. Ave, 
 
 ~~" Portraits in Oil, Crayon or 
 |&g=L Ink, from Old Pictures 
 
 or from Sittings. 
 pF*"— - * Facilities for Copying Un- 
 surpassed. Dealer in 
 IPijotograpijtc Supplies, Jim 
 Uclbft JFrames, 
 
 Velvet Cases, Passe-Partouts, Mats, &c, &e. 
 
 [See p. 190] 
 
 ROB'T C. ARMSTRONG'S 
 
 Sftm & Wxmvixxt (Sxrinmjc, 
 
 1000 I st. N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Orders for Prime Metallic Roofing, Guttering, 
 
 and Spouting Promptly Executed. 
 
 Furnaces, Ranges and Latrobes Furnished and Re- 
 paired. Roofs, Bath-Tubs, Refrigerators, Ice-Cream 
 Freezers, Tubs and Buckets put in Prime Order 
 at Lowest Cash Prices. [See p. 198] 
 
 O. E. DUFFY, 
 Attorney at Law 
 
 ^Solicitor of 'H?<xterii&. 
 
 Specialties: Rejected Cases and 
 Preliminary Examinations. 
 
 605 and 607 7tli st. N. W. [See p. 207] 
 
XIV 
 
 WASHINGTON BUSINESS INDEX. 
 
 H. H. NICHOLS, 
 DESIGNER & ENGRAVER ON WOOD, 
 
 Only Prize Medal and Diploma at Philadelphia 
 in 1876 for Scientific Engraving. 
 
 Rooms 56 & 57 Le Droit B'l'g, 8th & F Sts., 
 
 W\A.«Ili:NrG-TO:N", 13. c. 
 
 Scientific and technical work a specialty. Views 
 of buildings, inventions, &c. 
 
 [See p. 135] 
 
 WANSTALL & BRO., Prop'rs, 
 
 Nos. 815 and 817 Nineteenth St. N.W., 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. G. 
 
 Saddle Horses, First-Class Carriages, 
 
 TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION. 
 
 [See p. 160] 
 
 511 Eleventh St. N. W., bet. E and P Sts., 
 WMHIietOK, ©. ©. 
 
 Dealer in Pension, Bounty, and other Blanks 
 used in the prosecution of Claims against the 
 Government. [See p. 165] 
 
 EL SCHEIE*, 
 
 401 Seventh St. Northwest, 
 
 WASHINGTON BRASS WORKS. 
 
 WIKXtlifell H. DOUGLAS, 
 
 1212 D St. N. W., Washington, D. C, 
 
 Manufacturer of all kinds of 
 
 If itfecl-jitatctr grass & piJuer W^vk 
 
 SODA FOUNTAINS REPAIRED. 
 
 BRASS AND IRON RAILINGS PUT UP IN THE 
 MOST SUBSTANTIAL MANNER. 
 
 [See p. 101] 
 
 Washington, _D. C. 
 
 LSee p. 228] 
 
 JPradita! jSahfrb <$£ Tfarncss Hali^r ? 
 
 No. 912 Louisiana Ave. Northwest, 
 Near Wall's Bazaar, Washington, D. C. 
 
 REPAIRING NEATLY DONE. 
 
 OLD SADDLES AND HARNESS TAKEN IN 
 EXCHANGE FOR NEW. 
 
 [See p. 229] 
 
 J 
 
 (Late of U. S. Patent Office) 
 
 V 
 
 515 7th Street, Opp. Post Office, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 [See p. 159] 
 
 D. W. BEVERIDGE & CO., 
 
 308 11th Street N. W., South of Pa. Ave., 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C, 
 
 Every Description of Plain and Fancy 
 
 WIRE WOEtiE 
 
 PROMPTLY EXECUTED. 
 
 [See p. 180] 
 
 UNITED STATES TEA CO., 
 
 E. & R. G. RICHARD, 
 
 Importers and Dealers in 
 
 628 Pennsylvania Ave. Northwest, 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 [See p. 151] 
 
 Ft. W. BARKER, 
 PRACTICAL EMBALMEK 
 
 AND 
 
 UNDBRTAKBlIf 
 
 613 Eleventh Street Northwest, 
 WASHINGTON, I>. C. 
 
 In connection with all Cemeteries by Telephone, 
 RESIDENCE ON PREMISES. 
 
 [See p. Ill] 
 
WASHINGTON BUSINESS INDEX. 
 
 xv 
 
 E. QUINCY GUNSON, Agent, 
 
 No. 923 F street, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Mutual Benefit Life Association 
 
 OIF 1 AMERICA. 
 Home Office : 87 Temple Court Bld'g, New York. 
 
 Edw. Henry Kent President. 
 
 Charles B. Bostwick,) v - p 1 .~ q j f i Pn f q 
 
 Clinton B. Pisk, / Vice-Presidents. 
 
 William L. Gardner .Secretary. 
 
 Perfect indemnity at the lowest cost consistent with 
 the greatest possible security. [See p. 171} 
 
 W. F. McFARLAND, 
 
 SUCCESSOR TO R. H. DARNE, 
 
 LIVERY AND SALE STABLE 
 
 3289 M St., W. Washington, D. C. 
 
 Horses always on hand for Sale or Exchange. 
 Buggy and Carriage Teams and Saddle Horses 
 
 for Hire. Horses taken at Livery by 
 the day or month on reasonable terms. Stage- 
 Wagons for Pic-Nics, Excursions, etc., for Hire, 
 On Reasonable Terms. [See p. 223] 
 
 R. F. HARVEY, 
 
 UNDERTAKER, 
 
 921 SEVENTH ST. N. W., 
 
 Washington, D. C. [See p. 145] 
 
 P. H. HEISKELL, Jr., & CO., 
 
 GENERAL AGENTS FOR 
 
 "Old Hickory" Wagons 
 
 Manufactures of Fertilizers, 
 Dealers in Machinery, Seeds, etc., 
 916 La. ave, 916 C st. N.W., II & Water sts. s.w., 
 Washington, D. C. [See p. 147J 
 
 J. PAYNE'S SONS, 
 
 © JlilifaitiwfL 
 
 GIVEN TO REPAIRING. 
 Pennsylvania Avenue, near the Bridge, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. [See p. 122] 
 
 J. S. TOMLINSON, 
 
 m®K & to® raiHTim 
 
 632 F STREET. 
 
 Legal Blanks for Lawyers, Patent Attorneys, 
 
 Real Estate Agents, Justices of the Peace and 
 
 Notaries Public, the most complete and accurate 
 
 to be found, constantly kept on hand. 
 
 632 F St., Federal Building, cor. 7th, 1st fl'r, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. [See p. 128] 
 
 JOHN H. SCHULTZE, 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 
 -*?■ 
 
 AND MANUFACTURER OF 
 
 mmm ECAVANIA eDdARS, 
 2913 M St., West Washington, D. C. 
 
 [See p. 238] 
 
 WHOLESALE AND EETAIL 
 
 DEALS?- lH FINE FAMILY GROCERIES. 
 
 CHOICE STOCK OF 
 
 Imported Teas, Wines, Brandies, &c , 
 
 ALWAYS ON HAND. 
 No. 1351 28th St., cor. O. No. 3218 M st., 
 
 WEST WASHINGTON. [See p. 256] 
 
 J. B. DAUGHTON, 
 
 worn 
 
 Castings and Wrought-Iron "Work 
 
 of every description made to order. 
 
 PROPOSALS INVITED. 
 
 Office and Works: No. 1212 D street Northwest, 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. [See p. 178] 
 
 W. €. BURROUGHS, 
 
 1007 Louisiana Ave., 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 Hardwood Doors, Mantels, Mirror 
 Frames, Counters, &c, 
 
 HVCAIDIE TO OEDEB. 
 
 [See p. 192] 
 
XVI 
 
 WASHINGTON BUSINESS INDEX. 
 
 A. COWLING'S 
 
 as Emmm « 
 
 No. 1307 G st. North, bet. 13th and 14th, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 First-Class Carriages Furnished at all 
 
 Hours. Funerals supplied with 
 
 Hearses and Carriages 
 
 at short notice. [See p. 1S3] 
 
 W. IK OliEWW, 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 getodty, Site, antr $Istft fflfcrt, 
 
 Spectacles anti lEjiMklasgcs, 
 
 MANUFACTURER OF 
 
 FINE HAIR JEWELRY, DIAMOND, SEAL, AND FANCY RINGS. 
 No. 402 Ninth St., second door above D. 
 
 Particular attention paid to repairing English, Swiss, 
 and American Watches and Chronometers, and 
 
 Filigree Goods Recolored. [See p. 181] 
 
 J. T. CLEMENTS, 
 
 UNDERTAKER 
 
 No. 1237 32d Street (70 High St.), 
 
 Georgetown, D. C. 
 
 Telephone, Fielding's Drug Store. 
 
 [See p. 230] 
 
 L. HOFFMAN, 
 
 MANUFACTURER OF 
 
 No. 507 Eleventh Street Northwest, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 [See p. 195] 
 
 BELL'S INTERNATIONAL 
 
 JVos. 34.9 Sr 351 Pa. Ave. Jf. W., 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 A FIRST-CLASS MEAL FOR 25 CENTS. 
 
 We make a Specialty of 15-cent Lunches, which are 
 ALWAYS READY. 
 
 Rooms, 50 Cents. No Liquors. 
 
 JAS. W. BELL, Prop'r. 
 
 J. WILLIAM CRUIT, 
 
 ®m&v MmmUiUixtx 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, 
 
 1015 11th STREET NORTHWEST, 
 
 (Formerly 419 7th st. n.w.) 
 
 "W^SKZIItTa-TOlDT, ID. C. 
 
 [See p. 143] 
 
 HERMAN BURKHART, 
 
 DEALER IN ALL ZINJ3S OF 
 
 Mntnitntt, torpefs, jBil Sloths, 
 BEDDING, &c, &c. 
 
 WAREHOUSE AND SALESROOMS : 
 
 1013, 1015 and 1017 Seventh st. Northwest. 
 Residence: 711 K st. N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 
 [See p. 70] 
 
 Office & Depot foot of 8th St. wharf, Wash'n, D. C. 
 Branch Office Cor. 6tli <fc K. Sts. N. IV. 
 
 Box 24 Centre Market. [See p. 110] 
 
 LANSBURGH & BRO.'S 
 
 MAMMOTH 
 
 1 
 
 420, 422, 424, 426 Seventh st., 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. [See p. 68] 
 
 WM. BEODT, 
 
 Dealer in and Manufacturer of 
 
 Xm fSk k lw*mt», | tiff, 
 
 SOFT, AND STRAW HATS, 
 
 No. 419 ELEVENTH STREET N.W. 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. €. 
 
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