Class __w^IiG__ Boolc_y ^o^'Tl : /3 ^ The University Memorial / THE University Memorial BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF Alumni of the University of Virginia who fell IN THE Confederate War FIVE volumes in ONE BY Rev JOHN LIPSCOMB JOHNSON B A V BALTIMORE TURNBULL BROTHERS. 1871 V\ • ■ ' si. Entered according to Act cf Con3:ress in the year 1S71, BY JIsO. LIPSCOMB JOHXSOX, In the Office of ttie Librarian of Congress, at WashingtoD. //// IMNES.ecCOMPArjY. PRIS TEBS TO MY ALMA MATER, THIS WORK. COMMEMORATIVE OF HER FALLEN SONS, IS BKSrECTPULLY DEDICATE©. / PREFACE. No fipology, it is believed, will be required for the publica- tion of The University Memorial. The people for whose eye it is intended do not believe that the sword is the arbiter of right, nor have the}'' ceased to cherish the principles which they made so gigantic an effort to maintain. They are not ashamed of their kinsmen who fell in the great Confederate struggle, and who, sleeping now by mountain and river, in forest and field, in glen and dale, have benjucathed to them as a proud heritage the glory which their heroism achieved. Though poor and oppressed, the Southern people still have — if only this — a wealth of affection to lavish upon their dead ; too poor to raise but here and there the costly marble shaft, they are yet rich in the highest and holiest offerings of the heart. They give honor themselves; they would that all might give it. AVhen in the soft days of sjn-ing they go, men, matrons, maidens and trooping children, witli garlands for their graves, they greet with hearty God-speed him who can bring but a single blossom : even thus will they welcome this offering to their memory — this wreath of cypress and laurel and oak, fash- ioned by many hands for the brow of the grand Old Mother that sits mourning for her martyred children. Some words of explanation, however, may not be out of place here. The preparation of this work was suggested to me during the recent war, by the death, in rapid succession, of so many young men whose fiicmiship 1 had enjoyed when a student at college; 8 PREFACE. but the pressure of professional duties gave me no opportunity to undertake it until about two years ago, when, with the prospect of a season of comparative leisure, and encouraged by some of the warmest friends of the University, I began to collect the necessary facts, with the view to binding together the names of all the Alumni of that institution who fell in defence of the South. Even then I was painfully aware that the task I assumed was a difficult and delicate one : the material was to be gathered from every quarter of what was once the Confederacy, and I felt that when this was collected, I should, in digesting and arranging it, be handling as it were the very ashes of the dead, and meddling with memories so sacred that not to touch them reverently and lovingly would be to profane them. Far beyond my expectation it has proved difficult and laborious; and, but for the encouragement and cordial cooperation of those to whom the work especially appealed for sympathy, it might have been abandoned. For two years all the leisure consistent with the proper discharge of other obligations has been industriously devoted to it; and, after all, the catalogue of names, though grown to more than twice the antici- pated length, is probably incomplete. No improper feeling will be attributed to me for limiting my work to a single class of men. I could prepare but one chapter for the great record-book of the Southern dead, and it was natural enough that I should turn to those to whom I was most closely bound by the bright memories of my youth. Other classes were not less distinguished for gallantry, not less devoted to duty; and if for the alumni of every institution of learning in the South some should be found to undertake what I have attempted for those of the University, they will receive warmer encouragement from none than from myself. Indeed, in this event they would find that in doing my own work I have incidentally and in part performed theirs too ; for many of the University men were alumni of other institutions as well. In the pre]3aration of memoirs, my highest aim has been to secure fidelity in the life-record, and accuracy in the delineation PREFACE. 9 of character. To this end I have sought the aid, whenever it was possible, of those who were able not merely to state the bare, skeleton facts of a life, but, from intimate personal acquaintance, to give those delicate touches and subtle shades of character which make the man to stand out instinct with personality. How fortu- nate I have been in securing such aid will be seen by a glance at the Index, which is studded with the names of those who responded to my appeals. To all these I record here my grateful acknow- ledgment for their graceful contributions. Their articles, not less than their names, are a warrant that the MEMOiii/VL will not fail to meet approval. Some memoirs I have marked anonymous either because the writers wish it so, or because they are not dis- tinctly enough the product of any one pen to justify other credit. It will be noticed that the articles vary much in length, and some may be disposed to censure me on this account. To these it will be needful only to state that it was never intended to measure merit by the amount of matter in a memoir. As was anticipated from the beginning, there was in some cases a lack of material, in others an abundance; and to this fact the inequality of leno-th is due. In some instances the want of material is to be traced to those who alone were able to furnish it; in others, life had been too short to give more than tlie promise of excellence, or to justify more than a brief notice. "Causa drfficilis laudare puerum ; non enim res laudanda, sed sj^es cstJ' Some attention has been given to the subject of genealogy, under the belief that this feature of the book would be valued by those who do not sympathize with the convulsion;^ of society consequent u{)on the disastrous termination of the war. In this connection Bishop Meade's Old Churches and Families of Virginia has been of invaluable service. In the frequent use that has been made of this work, tiie proper credit may not always have been given. In the matter of arrangement, it seemed to me to bo desirable to follow out a plan by which, while each article should be of spe- cial interest to some family, the whole scries might be a contribu- tion to history. Accordingly, the memoirs appear in their 10 PREFACE, chronological order, so as to present the great events of the war in their proper succession. Of course these leading events are referred to in more than a single article ; but the reference being in most cases to different companies, regiments, or brigades, moving simultaneously to battle, the record of the Southern forces is thus made only the more minute. And it may be added that the statements here made of military movements are based not simply upon the histories that have appeared, but in the main upon the authority of those wlio tookpart in the actions described. Tliis is particularly true of the minor features of great battles — a fact which may not be without interest to the future historian. The work thus perpared and arranged, contains the names of nearly two hundred Alumni of tiie University of Virginia ; among them representatives of every Southern State, every religious de- nomination, every arm of the military service, and every grade short of Major-General. No invidious distinction is made among these, for they were brethren ; and whether they perished on the gallows, in prison, in the hospital, or in the fierce conflict of arms, they deserve alike to be remembered. The list comprises not a few of those who achieved the highest honors of their Alma Mater; twelve Masters of Arts, two Bachelors of Arts, nine Bachelors of Law, and two Doctors of Medicine are found in it; while the Literary Societies are represented by six Valedictory Orators, four Readers, thirteen Presidents, and five Magazine Editors. With these notes of explanation I conclude my task. If the Memorial receive but a tithe of public favor as compared with the labor it has cost, I shall be more than gratified. If any object that it abounds in eulogy, I re[)ly tiiat the words of strong affection or glowing admiration, found here and there, are feeble when contrasted with the praise in the simple statements of the great deeds of these men. If Cicero, and Pericles, and Robert Hall could count the dead a worthy theme for their princely elo- quence ; if Collins, Thomson, Dryden, Cowley, Wordsworth, John- son, and Tennyson could sing in elegiac strains to the memory of PREFACE. 11 broken friendships : surely we, without fearful heart or faltering hand, may write a word, even of praise, for our kinsmen Avho, though they died so soon, laid not down their lives before they had made them sublime. History v/ill yet inquire for them, and the fulness of time will accord them honors which the present denies. They were men of whom friends and foes will, ultimately, alike be proud. Already in a distant land the prophecy has gone forth that their great chieftain, the beloved Loe, will hold a place in the heart of the entire American people; and what ever liglit shall gather about his name, will radiate theirs also. For them, as for him, may the })rophecy be recorded here : " Not yet," said The London Weekly Dispatch, in speaking of General Lee, iraraeth Virginia Infantry. LEWIS, GEORGE NOLE, of Alabama 752 LOVE, ROBERT T., of Fairfiix county, Virginia 755 LINDSAY, JAMES W., of Berry's Ferry, Virginia 755 LINDSAY, REUBEN, of Albemarle county, Virginia 755 IMAGRUDER, JOHN B., M.A., of Albemarle county, Virginia.. 753 Colonel, 57th ^'irginia Infantry, Armistcad's Brigade. MAGRUDER, JAMES W., of Fluvanna county, Virginia 591 1st Lieutenant and Acting Captain, Company K, 2d Virginia Cavalry. MAJOR, EDMOND P., of Culpeper county, Virginia 121 Adjutant, 2Cth Alabama Infautry. MARSHALL, THOMAS, of Fauquier county, Virginia , 754 MASSIE, Professor ROBERT T., of Virginia 417 Captain of Engineers. By Professor S. MAUrix, jSf. A., M. D., University of Virginia. MASSIE, JOHN LIVINGSTON, B. L., of Charlottesville, A'irginia 657 Captain, Fluvanna Artillery. By General W. N. Pendleton, of Lexington, Virginia. MASTIN, GUSTAVUS B., of Huntsville, Alabama 131 Captain, Huntsville Guards, 4th Alabama Infantry. Anonymous. MAUPIN, JAMES R., University of Virginia 404 Private, 2d Richmond Howitzers. By N.II. Massie, of Charlottesville, Virginia. MAURY, JOHN II., of Washington, D. C .... Lieutenant, and Aide to General D. H. Maury. Anonymous. McCOY, WM. KENNETH, of the University of Virginia 373 Sergeant, CharlotteCTille Artillery. CONTENTS. 21 PAGE McDowell, THOMAS p., of Texas 217 Private, 2cl Rqckbridgo Artillery. Anonymous. McGCHEE, A. JL, of Louisa county, Virginia 755 McKIM, ROBERT B., of Baltimore, Maiylaucl 751 Private, Eockbridge Artillery. MEADE, IL EVERARD, of Petersburg, Virginia , 196 Private, Company E, 12tli Virginia Infantry. MEAD, WILLIAM Z., ol Halifax county, Virginia 598 Lieutenant, Battalion of Sharpshooters, Deas' Brigade. By William W. Old, M. A., of Norfolk, Virginia. MEEM, J. LAWRENCE, of Lynchburg, Virginia 133 Captain, and A. A. G., Garland's Brigade. By Charles L. Mosbt, of Lynchburg, Virginia. MEEM, Dr. A. RUSSELL, of Shenandoah county, Virginia 703 Post-Surgcon, Mount Jackson, Virginia. By Mrs. C. J. M. Jordan, of Lynchburg, Virginia. MEREDITH, WM. B., M. A., of Richmond, Virginia 219 Adjutant, Richardson's Battalion of Artillery. By Rev. John C. Long, of Charlottesville, Virginia. MORRIS, AVILLIAM, of Charlottesville, Virginia 752 MORRIS, GEORGE W., of Norfolk, Virginia 150 Private, Hiigcr Artillery. MORRIS, JOHN, of Goochland county, Virginia.. 430 Lieutenant, and Ordnance Officer, Pegram's Artillery. * By Hugh R. Pleasants, of Virginia. 'MORRILL, WILLIAM T., of Alexandria, Virginia 127 Color-Corporal, 17th Virginia Infantry. By Rev. William P. Gardner, of Virginia. MOSBY, LESLIE, of Lynchburg, Virginia 487 Lieutenant, and Aide to General Wharton. By Mrs. C. J. M. Jordan, of Lynchburg, Virginia. 3IUNF0RD, CHARLES ELLIS, of Richmond, Virginia 180 2d Lieutcnaat, Letcher Artillery. C N T E IT T S PAGE NELSON, HUGH M., M. A., of Clarke county, Virginia 206 Major, and Aide-de-Camp, General Eweirs Staff. Auouymous. NELSON, Dr. JOHN A., of Bedford coucly, Virginia 492 Assistant Surgeon, 2d Virginia Cavalry. By Mrs. C. J. M. Jordan, of Lynchburg, Virginia. NEWMAN, WILSON S., of Orange county, Virginia G42 1st Lieutenant, Commaudiug Company A, 13th Virginia Infantry. By Rev. Jxo. Wai. Jones, of Lexington, Virginia. I NEWTON, Dr. THOMAS, of Norfolk, Virginia 279 Private, Company E, Cth A'irgiuia Infantry. NEWTON, WM. B , of Hanover county, Virginia 490 Captain, Company G, and Acting Colonel, 4th Virginia Cavalry. By W. S. R. BEOKENBROuan, M. D., of Hanover county, Virginia. PALMER, JOHN S., of St. Stephen's Parish, South Carolina 630 Captain, Company K, 10th South Carolina Vo:untccrs. PALMER, JAMES J., of St. Stephen's Parish, South Carolina 232 Private Company K, Jenkins' Regiment Palmetto Sharpshooters. By Professor Warken Du Free, "Woiford College, S. C. PALMER, STEPHEN D , of St. James' Parish, South Carolina 405 Private, Company D, 4th South Carolina Cavalry. PATE, H. CLAY, of Petersburg, Virginia 578 Colonel, 5th Virginia Cavalry. By Robert S. Morgan, of Charlottesville, Virginia. PAXTON, ELISHA F., B. L., of Rockbridge county, Virginia 346 Brigadier-General, Stonewall Brigade. By Major J. B. Dorman, of Lexington, Virginia. PEAKE, WILLIAM B., of Spotsylvania county, Virginia 168 Private, Company A, loth Virginia Infantry. PEEK, WILLIAM HOPE, M. D., of Hampton, Virginia 754 Surgeon, Confederate States Army. C O 1[ T E L' T 8 . 23 PAGE PEGRAM, WM. JOHNSON, of Virginia 714 Colonel of Artillery, 3d Corps, A. N. Y, By W. Gordon McCabe, of Petersburg, Virginia. PENDLETON, ALEXANDER S., of Lexington, Virginia 653 LicutenaDt-Colouel and A. A. G., 2d Corps, A. N. V. By Colonel William Allan, M. A., Waghington and Lee University. PHELPS, WILLIAM B., of Covington, Kentucky 80 Private, 1st Kentncky Infantry. PITMAN, JOHN D., of Marianna, Florida 244 Sergeant, Company E, 8th Florida Infantry. POLLOCK, THOMxiS GORDON, of New Orleans, Louisiana 437 A. A. and I. General, Kemper's Brigade, POORE, ROBERT H., of Fluvanna eountj^ Virginia 753 Major, 14th Virginia Infantry, Armistead's Brigade. POSEY, CARNOT, of Wooclville, Mississippi » 517 Brigadier General, Anderson's Division, Hill's Corps. PRENTIS, JOSEPH, of the University of Virginia-.... 75?i RADFORD, JOHN T., of Montgomery county, Virginia 113 Lieutcnant-Coloucl, 22d Virginia Cavalry. RADFORD, WILLIAM M., B. A., of Montgomery county, Virginia 113 Ist Lieutenant, 24th Virginia Infantry. RANDOLPH, THOMAS J., of Vicksburg, Mississippi 271 Sergeant, Company A, 19th Virginia Infantry. By Judge John L. Cochkan, of Charlottesville, Virgiuia. RANDOLPH, WILLIAM AY., of Clarke county, Virginia 551 Lieutenant-Colonel, commanding 2d Virginia Infantry. By John Esten Cooke, of Virginia. RECTOR, WILLIAM B., of Campbell county, Virginia 93 Captain, Company I, 42d Virginia Infantry. REDWOOD, .JOHN M , of Mobile, Alal)ama 193 Lieutenant, Mobile Cadets, :kl Alabama Infantry. 24 CONTENTS n PAGE REDWOOD, JOHN TYLER, of Mobile, Alabama 167 Private, Albemarle Artillery. RIDDICK, SAMUEL A., of RiddicksvilJe, North Carolina 411 Private, Conijiany A, 13th Virginia lufautry. RIDLEY, WM. GOODWYN, of Southamptou county, Virginia 239 Private, Company G, (ith Virginia Infantry. RIVES, GEORGE TUCKER, of Albemarle county, Virginia 708 Captain, Company I, 40:li Virginia Infantry. RIVES, CHARLES M., of Albemarle coimty, Virginia 7o3 Lieutenant, Albemarle Artillery. ROANE, THOMAS R., of Essex county, Virginia 627 Private, Company F, Otli Virginia Cavalry. Anonymous. ROGERS, LOUIS MAGOON, of Accomac county, Virginia G21 Lieutenant, aud Ensign, 4(ith Virginia Infantry. By Rev. John C. Lo.no, of Charlottesville, Virginia. ROSS, WM. ALEXANDER, of Culpepcr county, Virginia 7.")3 Lieutenant 52d Virginia Infantry. ROYALL, GEORGE K , B. L, of Richmond, Virginia 241 Private, Company G, lllh Virginia Infantry. RUSSEL, ALBERT, of Iluntsville, Alabama 50 Private, 7ih Alabama Infantry. SCOTT, THOMAS J., of Montgomery, Alabama 751 Private, Sd Alabama Infantry. SEABROOK, C. PINCKNEY, of Beaufort, South Carolina 350 2d Licutenr.nt, Company A, Ist South Carolina \'o!untoers. By W. GoKBON M'Caee, of Petersburg, Virginia. SELDEN, WARNER LEWIS, of Gloucester county, Virginia 203 Private, Company B, 7th Virginia Cavalry. SHEARER, RICHARD B., of Appomattox county, Virginia 755 CON T E N T S . 25 PAGE SHELTON, Dk. CIIxiRLES O., of St. Louis, Missouri 108 Assistimt Surgoou, Guibcr's Battery, Army of the Mississippi. SHELTON, CHARLES T., of Louisa county, Virginia 198 Private, Andersou''8 Battery. By Ecv. II. P. P. McCcT, of Lotuf-a couuty, Virgiuia. SHEPHERD, WALKER F., of Fluvauua couuty, Virgiuia 48 1st Scrgeaut, Comi)auy F, 44tli Virgiuia Infantry. SHIELDS, WiLLLV^r S., of Mempliis, Tennessee 119 1st Lieutenant of Artillery, Army of tlic Mississippi. SMITH, SUMMERFIELD, M. A., of Albemarle couuty, Virgiuia 543 Captain, 1st Regiment of Engineers. By ProfesBor II. H. IIarris, M.A., Ricnmond College. Virginia. SMITH, FRANCIS W., of Louisiana 727 Lieutenant-Colonel of Artillery. By Professor C. H. Toy, M. A., D. D., Greenville, South Carolina. STEVENS, HENRY L., of South Carolina 245 Volunteer Aide to Colonel P. F. Stevens, commanding Ilolcombe Legion. STUART, GEORGE WASHINGTON, of Texas 364 Private, KockbrLdgo Artillery. Anonymous. TAYLOE, LOMAX, of Roanoke couuty, Virgiuia 515 Adjutant, 2d Virgiuia Cavalry. TAYLOR, BERNARD M., of Caroline county, Virgiuia 755 TEBBS, W. WILLOUGHBY, of Albemarle couuty, Virginia G17 Captain, Company K, 2d Virgiuia Cavalry. By Professor W. Le Roy Broun, M. A., University of Georgia. THOMPSON, JOHN B., M. A., of Little Rock, Arkansas 98 Lieutenant-Colonel, 1st Arkausas Infantry. By Rev. George B. Taylor, Chaplain lo the University of Virgiuia. THOMPSON, WM. B., of Virgiuia 755 26 CONTENTS. PAGE THORNTON, JOHN T., B. L., of Cumberlaud county, Virginia 752 Colouel, — Virginia Cavalry. TILLINGHAST, HARRISON, of Marianna, Florida 752 TOWLES, JOHN T., of Bayou Sara, Louisiana 341 Private, 21st Mississippi Infantry. TOWLES, WILLIAM E., M. A., B. L., of Bayou Sara, Louisiana 341 Private, Washington Artillery. TUCKER, H. ST. GEORGE, of Ashland, Virginia .' 329 Lieutcuant-Colouel, 15th Virginia Infantry. By Professor C. S. Venable, LL. D., University of Virginia. TURNER, JAMES CAMP, of Huntsville, Alabama 40 1st Lieutenant, Huntsville Guards, 4th Alabama Infantry. Anonymous, VAN DeGRAFF, WILLIAM J., of Gainesville, Alabama 755 VOSS, FRANKLIN, of Maryland 755 WALKE, ISAAC TALBOT, of Norfolk, Virginia 676 1st Lieutenant and Ordnance Officer, Fiiz Lee's Cavalry. By Rev. Robert Gatewood, of Norfolk, Virginia. WALKER, JAMES T., of Richmond, Texas 755 WARD, WILLIAM N., of Richmond county, Virginia 775 WASHINGTON, J. E. McPHERSON, of Charleston, South Carolina 44 2d Lieutenant of Artillery, C. S. A., General Garaett's Start'. By Rev. Joum Johnsos, of South Carolina, and Ilev. Jno. L. Jolinson, B. A. of Virginia. WASHINGTON, JOHN A., of Fauquier county, Virginia 57 Lieutenant-Colonel and Aido-de-Camp to General R. E. Lee. By John S. Blackburn, of Alexandria, Virginia. WATSON, DAVID, M. A., of Virginia 570 Major, 1st Regiment Virginia Artillery. By liou. B. JoHNSoK I>arboue, Rector of the Univt'rsily of Virginia. CONTENTS. 27 PAGE WATSON, JOHN D., of Charlottesville, Virgiuia 755 Private, Company K, 2d Virginia, Cavalry. WERTENBAKER, THOMAS G., of the University of Virginia - 154 Private, Company A, lOtli AHrgiuia Infantry, WHEATLEY, JAMES, of Culpepcr county, Virgiuia 755 WINSTON, JAMES E., of Louisa county, Virginia 259 2d Sergeant, Company D, 13tli Virginia Infantry. WRENN, WALTER, M. A., of Isle of Wight county, Virginia 470 Captain and A. A. G., Pryor's Brigade. WRENN, FENTON E., of Isle of Wight county, Virginia 47i) 2d Lieutenant, Company I, 3d Virginia Infantry. WRIGHT, WILLIAM A., of Tappahannock, Virginia 17G Captain, Company F, 55tli Virgiuia Infantry, WRIGHT, WILLIAM S., of Norfolk county, Virginia 532 Adjutant, Cist Virginia Infantry, Anonymous WYATT, Dk. RICHARD O., of Albemarle county, Virginia <)ia Assistant Surgeon, Confederate States Army. WYATT, JAMES W., of Albemarle county, Virginia Cl;5 Captain, Albemarle Artillery. YOUNG, CHARLES OGILVIE, of Spotsylvania county, Virgiuia 282 Private, Company B., 30tli Virgiuia Infantry. .Memohial Poem,., 757 By Jno. i{. Thompson, 3. L., of New York city. The University Memorial THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. CONRAD BROTHERS. Holmes A. Conrad, Sergeant, and H. Tuckek Conrad, Private, " Border Guards," 2d Virginia Infantry. The 21st day of July, 1861, closed upon a scene of mingled joy and sadness for the South. The first wave of invasion had vainly spent itself against the rock of Southern valor and endur- ance. The defiant host, which, on the morning of that eventful day, had advanced with its proud battle-cry of " On to Rich- mond!", were at sunset seeking safety in a hasty and disorderly retreat to the Potomac. The dead and dying left uncared for where they fell, the abandoned guns and colors, all showed the haste of the foe to leave the fatal field ; while the garments and accoutrements, strewing for miles the road in rear of the scene of action, might well remind one of the flight of the Syrians from Samaria. Yet the victory had been bought with blood. The same trains which conveyed the joyful tidings tliat a great battle had been fought and won by Southern arms, were freighted with the lifeless bodies of many gallant soldiers, who had fought their first and last battle at Manas.sas. Many a fond sister was called to weep beside the grave of him who had given his life a ransom for her happiness 32 THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. ^^'^'^' and honor. Many a devoted parent grieved for him who would have been the stay and comfort of his declining years. Many a household, like those of plague-stricken Egypt, mourned its first- born. Yet the scourge of war had dealt no heavier blow than the stroke whereby, at one and the same instant, the Conrad brothers fell. They were the only sons of Mr. David H. Conrad, for many years a prominent lawyer and warm supporter of the Church in Martinsburg, and himself the son of Dr. Daniel Conrad, of "Winchester. Their > mother was the eldest daughter of Judge Dabney Carr, of the Court of Appeals. Under her admirable influence, and under the constant control of their estimable father, they spent their earliest years. To these first associations are doubtless due to a great extent the many lovely traits which even slight acquaintances could see in them. So were they united in their tastes, their feelings, their sympathies, their deaths, that it is well-nigh impossible to dissociate them even in a sketch of their respective lives. Of these two brothers, the elder. Holmes Addison Conrad, was born in Martinsburg, on the 30th of September, 1837, and lived to be about twenty-three years and ten months old. Henry Tucker Conrad was born December 17th, 1839. Seven months and four days after he had reached the age of manhood, at the same instant with his brother, he passed from the vanity of earthly youth to " the bloom of a youth which knows no decay." It may be best to pursue in common their histories to the point where for a brief space they diverged. They, four sisters and their parents, composed a family where "peace and happiness, truth and justice, religion and piety," were established; where the graces of religion added all their charms to dispositions which nature had already rendered lovely. Here was verified the Psalmist's statement that "it is a good thing for brethren to dwell together in unity." Here genuine unselfishness and Chris- tian love united with a golden cord the family circle, and added a heavenly sweetness to the purest earthly joys. If it be not sacri- lege thus to approach the spot where earth's purest treasures are enshrined, and to lift the veil which hides from the public gaze the hallowed pleasure of domestic love, it may be truly said that he who was privileged to enter even for a few days this bright and happy home, must have felt that it was good to be there, — that 1S()1.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 33 the parent of sons raised amid such associations raiglit, when death removed them, well exclaim with the aged patriarch, "If I be bereaved of my children, I am bereaved. If ye take these from me, ye shall bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to the grave." Still surrounded by the priceless influences of a Christian home, they passed their first school-days under the tuition of Mr. John W. Page, then principal of the Martinsburg Acadetny. When ]Mr. Page resigned this post, they followed him to Maryland, and for a year continued under his charge in the family of Dr. West, near Fi'ederick City. At the close of their twelve montlis' resi- dence here, they were sent to the Winchester Acadea:iy, where Holmes completed his school-boy career. At the conclusion of this period they separated, only to enjoy at intervals each other's company in the home both loved so well, until May, 1861, when they met to spend together the last few weeks of life, anvl in each other's arms to receive the cold embrace of death. From the Winchester Academy Holmes went to the University of Virginia, where he spent two years, graduating, or taking dis- tinctions, in f)ur classes. After the completion of his college course he entered upon the duties of manhood as principal of the Martinsburg Academy. Here, at the early age of twenty, he had secured the niost flourishing school that the institution had ever held. Having no assistant, he confined himself to about thirty pupils, being thus forced to decline about half the number of ap- plicants. So great were his faithfulness and success at this most arduous post for such a youth, that his resignation, after an incum- bency of two years, was matter of deep regret alike to the Board of Trustees and to tlie other patrons of the school. At his depar- ture from Martinsburg the whole community felt tiie loss of an accomplished teacher, a useful citizen, and a' bright ornament to the society in which he moved. His next place of residence was near " The Plains," in Fauquier County. Ere he left this home in the spring of 18G1 to join the Confederate army, he had gained for himself the place of a beloved son in the family which he had en- tered as a teacher. About the time of the secession of Virginia ho left the pursuits of peace, and as a defender of his invaded State, enlisted in the "Border Guards" of Martinsburg. This cora[)any formed a portion of the 2d regiment of Virginia infantry; as a member of it Holmes belonged to the "Stonewall " Brigade, and 34 THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. [July. was one of the number in whose blood itself and its commander were baptised with this imperisliable name. As regards his character, its softer and finer shades could not be portrayed but by one who had enjoyed intimate association with him, even as the artist can only after the closest study of the fea- tures reproduce the expression of his subject. One who, in the capacity of a pastor, knew him well, whites of him: — "He was always the brightest and most genial of boys, a general favorite with everybody. As he advanced toward man- hood, his cheerful and happy temperament brought sunshine into every company he frequented. Tiiough for some years a very moral man and a great advocate of the Temperance cause, he made no profession of religion until the time of the Episcopal Conven- tion held in Winchester in May, 1858. Although one blessed with such Christian training and the object of so many parental prayers, must often have been the subject of deep religious convic- tions, yet he did not resolve to devote his life to Jesus until the closing services of this Convention. There, having casually met his former pastor near the church door, and being by him most urgently exhorted to consider the subject of religion, he in a few hours sought a renewal of the conversation. The plan of salva- tion through Christ's atonement being then sim})ly and plainly declared to him, ' he saw it in a moment, and there enjoyed a feel- ing of pardoning love.' From that time to the day of his death he was an active, earnest Christian disciple." When Holmes closed at Winchester his school-days. Tucker was scut to the Episcopal High School of Virginia, then under the charge of the Eev. John P. McGuire. During his first ses- sion there, an event occurred which led numbers of the boys to turn their thoughts to the subject of their souls' salvation. Tucker became the subject of vivid religious impressions, which, under the influence and guidance of God's Spirit, deepened into a thorough and unmistakable change of heart. A few days before his return home for the vacation, he, in company with about nine- teen of his school-fellows, renewed before God and man "tlie solemn vow, promise and profession made for them in baptism." One other year he remained at the High School, taking an active part in the semi-weekly prayer-meetings which the boys had established among themselves. At this time it was his daily cus- tom to retire at noon, along with a little company who liad turned ISf.l.] THE UmVEESITY MEMORIAL. 35 their faces Zionward, to a private room, for communion with God and for devotional study of the Scriptures. Hence he miglit have said with the Psalmist, " Evening and morning and at noon will I prav; and He shall hear my voice." Thus, from the beginning of his Christian course, did he use all means within his power to ''grow in grace and in the knowledge of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ." After leaving the High School he spent two years at the University, faithfully laboring for his Divine Master in the Young Men's Christian Association, in the weekly prayfir-raeet- ing, in the Sunday-School, and in the Missionary meeting, or prayer-meeting in those parts of the College where none of the boarders were professors of religion. From the moment that he enlisted under Christ's banner, he had devoted himself soul and body to the service of the Saviour. In the choice of his occupa- tion in life the language of his heart was, "Lord, what wilt Thou have me to do ? " He rejoiced, therefore, when, after many ear- nest prayers, the leadings of Providence plainly drew him to the Christian ministry, and he felt " himself inwardly moved of the Holy Ghost " to become an ambassador for Christ. Accordingly, he entered the Theological Seminary near Alexandria, Virginia, as a candidate for orders. Here he remained for two or three years, and, had not the session of the Seminary been interrupted by the menaces of tlie Federal troops, he would have been ordained Deacon at the July commencement. LTpon the suspension of the exercises of this institution, Tucker returned to Martinsburg. After a few days spent at home, wliile Gen. Patterson, of the Federal army, held his headquarters in the town. Tucker passed through the enemy's lines and joined his brother in the Confederate army under General Johnston, then in front of, or near Winchester. Before passing to the last events of his brief career, his char- .acter and disposition claim attention. These are more easily admired than described or imitated. He was a generous, warm- hearted, noble Christian man. Naturally bright, buoyant, and cheerful, he loved to impart to others the happiness he felt. As a Christian, he was a "living epistle known and read of all men." Few shadows ever obscured the sunlight in his path to Heaven, and the example of his life declared to those who saw it, the great gain of godliness. Ever walking in and reflecting the light of his Master's countenance in his daily conversation, he "pve- eminently exemplified "'the hcmitij of holiness." 36 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [July, No more faithfal delineation of liis character can be drawn than is furnished by the words of one who, as a Professor at the Seminary, marked well his diligence in those studies whereby, under God's blessing, he might have made others wise unto salvation. " I could not help beipg struck," he Avrites, '-with his amiable character, which had been so sanctified by Divine grace as to render him a disciple who not only loved Jesus, but whom Jesus loved. I need scarcely say how conscientious he was in his attendance upon his class d*uties, and how interested in his studies of the original Scriptures, into which it was my privilege to guide him a little way. He was unusually interested in works of charity to the poor and sick and suffering in the neighborhood. His piety was of an active kind. Like his Divine Master, in whose ste}is he humbly trod, he went about doing good. There is, near Alexandria, an almshouse which contains a motley collection of the poor and sick and lame and blind. Thither he regularly went on Sunday afternoons, and his sweet voice was heard in exhorting them to a better and heavenly life, and in singing the sweet songs of Zion. Our great hopes of his future career of usefulness were disap- pointed when he fell with his brother. 'They were lovely and pleasant in their lives, and in their deaths they were not divided.' Like John the Baptist, of whose short ministry of eighteen months it is said in Scripture that he fulfilled his course, so our dear brother reached sooner than the rest of us the goal, and entered upon the joy of his Lord." There remains only the sad task of narrating the closing scene of these bright young lives. A few days after Tucker joined liis brother in the army, General Johnston hastened to reinforce General Beauregard at Manassas. On the day of the battle, the regiment to which the Coneads belonged lay from 10 o'clock A. M. to 2 or 3 o'clock P. M. under a heavy fire of shot and shell. Being then ordered to advance, they obeyed, and a flank move- ment being made by a body of Federal troops, the regiment was commanded to fall back. Holmes, who, as Sergeant, was at the right of his company, and his cousin, Peyton E. Harrison, the Lieutenant, declared they would not retreat. Tucker was on the left, and a ravine separated the brothers. Holmes called out, " Come over here by me. Tuck; we will not fall back." Tucker, though not seen on account of the ravine through which he was moving to join his brother, was heard to say, " Come, boys, rally. ISGI.] THE UNIVEKSITY MEMOKIAL. o/ rally, we'll not fall back." When next seen they were lying together, their faces touching, their arms around each other's necks, and both dead. One of their comrades said that Holmes was shot first through the heart, and Tucker reached forward to catch him, and in the act was shot through the body with a piece of shell. Thus they fell, and thus they lay for hours, Holmes still retaining his smile and color. When the storm of battle ceased, friendly hands restored their last mortal remains to the home which they had died to defend. On the 23d of July they were buried at midnight, like one of England's famous soldiers. To them may well be applied the lines Avritten soon after their death by a lady of Virginia : — " Eyes dim with tears and sorrow, And a chauged home waits in vaiu The old f^iniiliar footstep, Which cau ne'er return again ; And Virginia's lovely Valley, Once a sea of waving grain, Lies unhroken by the furrow. Save those where sleep her slain." Perhaps this imperfect sketch can have no better conclusion than an extract from a letter of that gallant soldier. Captain John L. Massie, who gave his life to the same cause for which the Conrad brothers fell. Describing his visit to the cemetery at Marti nsburg, he says : — " The graves of the Conrads are both together, and both are covered by one large limestone slab, with the upper surface polished, on which is inscribed this epitaph : — HOLMES ADDISON CONRAD HENRY TUCKER CONRAD Christian Brothers, Lie buried here, side by side, as they feU in battle, July 21st, 18G1. Brothers in blood, in faith ; » Brothers in youthful bloom ; Brothers in life, brothers in death, Brothers in one same tomb. WeU fought they " the good fight ; " In death their victory icon; Sprung at one bound to Heaven^ light, And Qod's eternal i>on. 38 THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. [juiy, % EDMUND FONTAINE, Je., Sergeant-Major, 4th Virginia Cavalry. On Sunday, July 2ist, ISGl, President Davis telegraphed from Manassas to Richmond that wo had won "a brilliant but dearly bought victory." But few who read the brief announcement realised how "dearly bought" it Avas, until in the list of casual- ties they saw- the names of their own relatives or personal friends. Such at least was the experience of Edmuni> Fontaine's family, when the news of his death, following so quickly that of the victory, reached them on Monday the 22d. He was the son of Colonel Edmund Fontaine — for many years President of the Virginia Centi-al Railroad — and was born in Hanover County, February 3, 1838. In his fourteenth year he removed to Richmond in order to complete, under Colonel George S. Patton, his preparation for the University of Virginia. He entered that Institution in October, 1855, and spent two sessions in the academic classes, graduating in Chemistry, Moral Philosophy, and Political Economy. Returning then to Hanover, he took possession of his farm, and was quietly engaged in agricultural pursuits when the Avar summoned him to another service. In the Spring of 1861 he volunteered in the Hanover Troop; but when that company was assigned to the 4th Virginia regiment of cavalry, Edmund was made Sergeant-Mnjor. This regiment was engaged on the frontier previous to the battle of Bull Run, and in the retreat of the Confederate forces from Fairfax Court- House the Hanover Troop held the post of honor, bringing up the rear. In the interval between the engagement of the 18th of July and that of the 21st it was constantly occupied. But it was on the latter day, when the enemy beaten back so often, at last broke* and began to retreat, that the grand opportunity of the cavalry occurred. We extract from a letter of the gallant Lieu- tenant of the Hanover Troop, William B. Newton, so much as refers to the conduct and fate of the Sergeant-Major. The letter was dated " Centreville, July 22, 1861," and says:—". . . Colonel Lay then rode up and told us that the time for ns to act had arrived. Our whole body of cavalry, 2,700 strong, now' rushed like the wind to the front. It was indeed a brilliant spec- 1861.] THE UNIYEESITY MEMORIAL. 39 tacle, as with slackened rein and sabres drawn the whole com- mand dashed past. The whole line resounded with continued cheering. The force was divided into different detachments. Colonel Radford, with six companies, was ordered to cross a short distance below the enemy's extreme right and intercept his column. Our company was in front, and I was riding in front of my platoon, Avhen, after crossing the swamp, we came suddenly on a detach- ment of the enemy concealed in the bushes, with their pieces levelled. The Colonel ordered the charge, and the boys rushed on. Poor Edmund Foxtaixe was at my side when we rode over two of them, and they grounded their arms to E Vi , who was just'in our rear. AVe galloped on in pursuit of tlie rest, who retreated across a field, towards the road on which the enemy was retreating. Fontaix'E was just behind me. Saunders, a fine young fellow, just twenty-four years of age, and splendidly mounted, dashed by us. The enemy had concealed themselves behind a fence ; we rode up, and I demanded their surrender ; they made no reply. I ordered Saunders to fire ; before he levelled his carbine the whole squad poured in a volley. Saun- ders fell dead at my feet, and Edmuxd Fontaixe reeled in his saddle, exclaiming, "Save me, boys; I am killed!" He was caught in the arms of his cousin, who was just in my rear." Foxtaixe's place as Sergeant-Major was in the rear of the regiment, but his impetuous gallantry had brought him to the side of the Lieutenant who headed the charge. "The ball struck his sword-belt," says another writer, "and passed tlirough him. ITe was supported from the battle-field by his cousin and another member of the Hanover Troop, both of whom he begged to leave him on the field and go back in pursuit of the enemy. Soon af- terwards he fell into a deep sleep from exhaustion. When he awoke he was told he was dying. He Avas perfectly conscious to the la.st; sent his love to his family and friends. His dying mes- sage to his mother was, ' Tell mother I have always tried to do my duty.' To his father lie sent word that he died heading a charge. He then prayed almost incessantly till he died, having- survived his wounds for twelve hours." The subjoined extract from an obituary notice of Edmuxd Foxtaixe, ])repared by one who had been his friend at home, at school, and at college, forms a fitting conclusion of this sketch : — "The writer, from an intimate acquaintance with the deceased 40 THE UNWEKSITY MEMORIAL. [July, for the past eight years, is enabled to say with truth that no man had warmer or more devoted friends. And no man better de- served them. He possessed the characteristics of his Huguenot blood; he was warm in his affections, brave and generous in his impulses, firm in his friendships and convictions, and yet possessed that rarest of virtues, a willingness to acknowledge an error. To the world he strictly veiled his inner feelings ; but few Avere ad- mitted to his confidence, and it is by that chosen few that he was most beloved. A humorous faculty, especially for the mock- heroic, made him a choice companion. His head was not inferior to his heart. Plis University career was successful enough to show what more energy could have accomplished. In j^erson he was small, but handsome, well-formed and active; and he pos- sessed the usual manly accomplishments of our times. In short, he was the personification of that much-abused term — the Old Virginia gentleman. " AVhen he formed his political views, he became a warm States' Rights man, and was ready to defend his views with tongue or sword. In matters of religion he was reserved, and spoke but rarely of his views; but he had thought much on the subject, es- pecially since the commencement of the war. When he went to Manassas, both he and many of his friends had a mysterious fore- boding that he would never return alive, and this thought, kindled by the remembrance of his early religious education at his mother's knee, had great influence on his mind. He died, ^uot as one without hope.' " JAMES CAMP TURNER, First Lieutenant, Huntsville Guards, 4tli Alabama Infantry. Geoige Turner, a wealthy London merchant, emigrated to the United States about the year 1740, and settled in Prince William County, Virginia. John Turner, son of George Turner, was a Captain in the Revolutionary War. He married Elizabeth Burruss, and removed to Caroline County, Virginia. Daniel Burruss Turner, son of George Turner, and a native of Caroline County, emigrated to the South, and settled at Huntsville, Alabama, isoi.] THP] UKIVEKSITY MEMOEIAL.' 41 in 1818. lie was married to Susan Deadcrick Searcy, daughter of Major Robert Searcy, of Nashville, Tennessee, one of General Jackson's aids in the Creek War, and for many years afterwards a Paymaster in the United States army. Major Searcy's mother was a descendant of the Henderson who settled with John Smith in 1607 at Jamestown, and his grandfather — a man of great learning — was a ])olitical exile from Wales. James CA:\rp TunxEr., son of Daniel Burruss Turner, was born at Huntsville, Alabama, October 15, 1838. In his child- hood he was remarkable for his gentleness of disposition, his filial devotion, and his deep religious sense. As he grew up, his graceful person, easy manners, fondness for study, and increasing reverence for the tnit! s of religion, foretokened in the boy the hi 'h order of the man ho ^vas aftervvards to become. At the age of twelve years, Camp (as he was familiarly called at home and by his associates) was placed in a French school in a neighboring State. There he spent three years, and during that time made such proficiency in the French language as to speak it fluently. When fifteen he returned to Huntsville, and, entering a classical school, pursued his studies with great diligence till the summer of 1856. Here he acquired the well-merited distinction of being one of the best proficients in the school in Ancient Languages and Mathematics. Tasteful in the preparation of his exercises, thorough in his recitations, punctual in the discharge of his duties, always exem- plary in his language and deportment, and of almost maidenly modesty, he was indeed a model student, and to his instructor it M'as a pleasing task to watch the development of his well-balanced and gifted mind. In 1855 he connected himself with the Methodist Church, and, as will be seen in the sequel, lived a pious and consistent Christian to the day of his death. In October, 1856, he entered the University of Virginia as an academic student. He became a member of the Jeiferson Society, and at the Anniversary celebration of that session read the Declaration of Independence. The next year he took the schools of Ancient Languages and Chemistry, and graduated in the latter. During this jieriod his Christian character was unquestioned ; he was prominent in the students' prayer-meeting, and punctual in his attendance uj)on tiie public religious services. In June, 1858, the death of his mother — to whom his filial 42 THE UXIVEKSITY MEMORIAL. [July, devotion was luiboundecl — seemed to unfit him for study. He consequently withdrew frooi the University and returned home. In the spring of 1859 he Avent abroad for the benefit of foreign travel, and visited many of the most interesting portions of Europe. His letters to his friends at home were so replete Avith matters of general interest, graphic descriptions of what he saw and felt, that, at the urgent request of many, they were given to the public. Their entertaining character is attested by the fact that they wfire copied into various newspapers in other States. After an absence of eighteen months, he arrived at home when the whole country was violently agitated and fast drifting into civil war. In heart and soul a secessionist, he at once identified himself with the States' Rights party, in this differing from his father, who, being politically conservative, was an active supporter of Douglas for the Presidency. This difi'erence of sentiment furnished occasion to the son to illustrate one beautiful trait in his character — his high reverence for his father, and his scrupulous respect for his feelings. Camp was a zealous advocate of Breck- enridge, but when the day of the election arrived, he decided, even at this great crisis in politics, to forego the first privilege he had ever had of voting for Pi-esident, because of his unwillingness to cast his " maiden " vote in opposition to his father, remarking that one vote loould not he much loss to Brechenridge, but might tcound his father's fcelinc/s a great deal. The fall of Sumpter fired him with military ardor, and he at once girded himself for the comina: struirsle. He aided in raisino; a company of infantry, and was elected 2d Lieutenant. Upon the organization of his rc-giment — the immortal 4th Alabama — his Captain, the gallant and lamented Egbert J. Jones, was promoted to the rank of Colonel, and he to that of 1st Lieutenant. Tiie regiment, proceeding at once to Virginia, was stationed at Har- per's Ferry, whence it was moved down to Manassas Junction the day before the first battle at that place. There wins no more gallant soldier on that bloody field than Lieutenant Camp Turxkr. But this was not his highest praise: he was far more than a gallant soldier; he was brave enough to be a Christian, in deed and in truth, everywhere and always. His religion was not a loose garment to be thrown off at will ; it seemed to be inseparable from his very nature, and surrounded even his soldier-life with a halo of beauty. At his request, on the 1S31] THE UJS'IVEESITY MEMORIAL. 43 (lav before the company took leave of home, tlie minister of his Church appointed a special Communion service for the soldiers and their friends. That service was perhaps the most touching scene ever witnessed in Huntsville, and to many brave volunteers, who bowed at that altar, it was their last communion on earth with their dearest relativ^es and friends, who, with breaking hearts, commended them to the keeping of Him without whose notice not even a s^xirrow falls to the ground. Whenever on the Sabbath there was religious service in camp, Lieutenant Tuetxer usually took it upon himself to arrange the rude pulpit for the Chaplain, and not only invariably attended the service himself, when pos- sible, but induced many others to follow his example. On the night of the arrival of the regiment on the battle-field, lights being forbidden, because of the close vicinity of the enemy, he read aloud, by the light of the moon, two chapters in the New Testament to the officers of his company. He then lay down to rest for the last time in life, observing as he was about to do so, " I think, from the signals, there will be hot work to-morrow." The heroism of the Fourth Alabama, illustrated in the fierce struggle on that "morrow," has been heralded to the Avorld, and is now historic. In the thick of the fight, at about 11 o'clock, Lieutenant James Ca:mp Turxer fell, pierced through the breast. "Tell my sister," said he, "I die happy on the battle-fiold, in de- fence of my country ; " and with these words on his lips — his dying message to his idolized, only sister — his pure spirit ascended to God. Such was the end of this truly estin^able young man. The universal burst of grief with which the dispatch announcing his death was received in Huntsville, is yet remembered. Terrible indeed was the blow to his doting father and his devoted sister; and touching were the words of that venerable n)an, mIiou, in the anguish of a broken heart, he exclaimed, "iJc tvas the IohI of my narne!'^ Many letters of condolence were received. From his surviving comrades — from various parts of the country — even from Europe — they came to testify of his worth. In December, 1861, his remains were brought home by his father, and deposited with, military honors in the Huntsville cemetery. Since then the father has been laid to rest by "the last of his name," and parents and son sleep together now. One only lives — daughter, sister; and in her heart the dead still live, their memories fresh as the flowers and evergreens which, with mournful pleasure, she often strews about their graves. 44 THE UjS'IVEKfillY MEMORIAL. [j„;y, J. E. Mcpherson Washington. 2d Lieutenant of Artillery, C. S. A., General Garnett's Staff. The name of Colonel William A. Washington belongs to the history of the Revolutionary War. Like his great kinsman — the man who was '^ first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen" — he throw himself unreservedly into that struggle; and, from the day when, as Ciiptain in the Conti- nental Army, " he distinguished himself at Trenton," down to the close of the war, when he came forth from the British prison, where he had been sent after being wounded and captured at Eutaw, his active service and brilliant career, chiefly as a cavalry officer, testify to his vigorous support of the principles for which the American people were contending. His fame as a soldier, always honorable, is especially connected with the battle of Cow- pens, January 17, 1781. It was the fierce cavalry charge led by Colonel Washington, at the very crisis of the battle, which routed the British and achieved the victory of that day. Pursuing the routed columns, he engaged their commander. Colonel Tarleton, in a hand-to-hand encounter, and only missed capturing that officer by having his own horse shot under him. For such emi- nent service, Congress voted him a silver medal. J. E. McPheeson Washington was the great-grandson of the Revolutionary soldier above mentioned. He was born in Charleston, South Carolina, October 15, 183G. His father was William Washington, his mother the youngest daughter of Colonel J. E. McPherson. For a number of years he was a pupil in the State Military School at Charleston ; afterwards, for a short time, a cadet at West Point. In October, 1854, he became a student at the University of Virginia, where he spent three con- secutive sessions. He was a " light-hearted, laughter-loving " boy, with genial and sunny temperament, gathering friends as the child gathers flowers; all that he approached he made his own. In later years he was not diffi^rent, except as the man difflsrs from the boy. At the University, he was better known for his eminent good fellow- ship than for severe application to books. Many were unquestion- ably more ardent in the pursuit of college honors, but it may be isoi.] THE UNlt^ERSITY MEMORIAL. 45 doubted whether any were more popular. His eloquent eyes, l)right face, compact figure, erect, manly carriage and quick step, are well remembered to-day by many who have forgotten even the names of such as received the highest literary distinction. As a member of the JeflPerson Society, he greatly preferred for tlie public celebrations the Marshal's baton to the Orator's manu- script; and his Society frequently acknowledged his qualifications f )r the office to which he aspired, by electing him to perform its duties. The reader, who may have been a student at tliis time, will have no difficulty in recalling him, as he appeared on sucli occasions: — " T!ie JelT," under his manoeuvring, is in line upon the Lawn. At the precise moment for entering the Public Hall, the shrill, clear order, "Forward — marcli!" is Jieard ; the column moves forward with military step, through the Rotunda, and Mack Washington is in his glory — writing in rose-color the prophecy of the hloochj future. At the close of the session of '5(3-57, after receiving, amid the loud and prolonged cheerings of liis fellow-students, a Certificate of Proficiency in ]\Iedical Jurisprudence, he returned to Charleston and betook himself to mercantile pursuits. But naturally enough to those who knew him, he was not content v/ith such an occupa- tion ; he cared too little for money to make it the object of his life; the quiet duties of the counting-room were too tame; ques- tions of loss and gain, so fascinating to many minds, interested him but little. And hence he M'as constantly looking about for some sphere of life congenial to his peculiar cast of mind. Such a field was soon to be opened to him ; he recognized it at once, and with enthusiastic joy. On the 20Lh of Pecember, 1860, South Carolina ratified the Ordinance of Secession, passed by a unanimous vote of her Con- vention, then in session in Charleston. On iho. 26 ih, Mtijor xln- derson, then in command of tlie fortifications of Chark-ston Harbor, in violation of the pledge of honor entered into by President Buchanan with tlie representatives of the State, and in disol)edience of instructions from ]Mr. Floyd, then Secretary of War, dis- mantled Fort IMoultrie, secretly evacuated it by night, and cross- ing the channel in boats, took possession of Fort Sumter, Avliose guns,'con\manded the harbor on every side. This Avas regarded by Governor Pickens as an overt act of v)ar, and on tiie following day he ocupied Fort Moultrie and Castle Pinckney with State 46 THE UNIVEKSITY MEMORIAL. [July, troops. At the latter of these, young Washington — who had left liis counting-room immediately after the secession of the State, and offered himself as a soldier for her service — was stationed as Adjutant of the Post. Thus he participated in the bombardment of Fort Sumter. In the Spring of 1861, he was commissioued 2d Lieutenant of. Artillery, C. S. A., and ordered to Virginia. Before leaving Castle Pinckney, however, he received from his comrades in arms the most touching assurance of their appreciation. At the last dress-parade, in which he took part, the commander of the batal-^ lion presented him, on behalf of the companies composing it, with sword, sash, belt, epaulettes, and other military insignia. Many of the private soldiers then came forward to testify to their affec- tion by giving him some little keepsake ; among others, an old man, too poor to make a costly gift, but rich in the noblest quali- ties of the heart, who, while the tears ran down his wrinkled face, drew from his pocket a picve of tobacco and handed it to him, saying: — "I must give you something, and this is all I have." Surprised and overcome by such exhibitions of affection, Lieutenant Washington made no reply, but the lip quivered and the eye was moist as he turned away forever from those strong men, who held him in their hearts. In Virginia, he was assigned to duty on the staff of General Garnett, whose gallantry had been conspicuous on many fields in Mexico, and with him he shared the hardships and disasters of that fatal campaign in Western Virginia. And in this service, perilous and exciting, he found, half unconsciously perhaps, what he had so long desired — a sphere adapted to the genius of the .man. It was one in which the man assumed, as by magic, his true proportions. For hardships he cared not ; and the perils of war, thickening around him, inspired him to deeds not less chivalric than those which are told of cavaliers of the olden time. The spirit of his great ancestor lived again, and strove with his ancient prowess to perpetuate the rights which were won, in pai t, at the battle of the Cowpens, nearly a century before. When news was brought to Gurnett at Laurel Hill that Pegrani had been overwhelmed at Pich Mountain, Lieutenant Waspiing- TON volunteered to go to Pegram's command and learn its condi- tion, but the enemy intervening rendered the effort unsuccessful. In tha retreat from Laurel Hill, continued amid untold difficulties lyci] THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 47 for nine days, and over one hundred and sixty miles, his very presence refreshed and inspired all about him with hope. His face, bright as in the bright days of his gay college life, encouraged the hungry and jaded men, even when no word was spoken ; and liis cool bearing and fearless fighting, as time and again he turned and held at bay with the rear guard the heavy Federal columns that dogged their way, begot again the spirit of resistance in many who were ready to faint. Immediately after dispositions had been made for a stand at Carrick's Ford, on Cheat river, the skirmishers of the enemy appeared on the opposite bank. It was hoped that they might be some companies of a Georgia regiment, which had been cut off the day before ; but the exigencies of the occasion admitted of no dela}', and Lieutenant Washington, to resolve the doubt, "advanced to .the edge of the bank, and in a stentorian voice clieered for Jeif. Davis." He was answered by a volley of mus- ketry, which at once revealed the character of the comers. Tiiis fire was returned by our infantry and artilleiy, the latter raking them with such effect that they broke ranks and left the road. " It was he," said a correspondent of one of the Atlanta journals, " wh.o fired our artillery with such effect at Cheat River." After an hour's hard fighting, the order was given to retreat, when it was fi)und that the rifle gun, which had done the greatest execution, could not be moved, two of its horses having been killed and the carriage broken. This was Lieutenant Washington's favorite piece, and he parted from it reluctantly ; first, having drawn a nail from the foot of a dead horse, he spiked it ; then leaping upon it, while the enemy were scarcely a hundred yards off, he waved his sword over his head and hurled his hurrah for '' Davis and the Confederacy " almost into their teeth. For his gallantry in this action he was recortimended for pro- motion, but he scarce mentioned himself when writing of the day to his widowed mother, whose heart he knew would beat proudly at the story of deeds worthy a Washington. He dwelt chiefly, and mournfully, upon the death of his honored commander, General Garnett, who, risking his own life to save his men, fell deal from the saddle, pierced through the breast by a bullet, just as he was succeeding in his effort. From Carrick's Ford the enemy did not pursue. The little band of Southern troops passed on amid dangers and suff(;rlngs. 48 THE TJISl'IVEESITY MEMOEIAL. [August, under drenching and continuous rains, and often in close proximity to otlier bodies of the Federals, until they reached Maryland, and thence turned up the Valley of A'irginia. On the 21st of July — the very day that their kinsmen wrested victory from McDowell at Manassas, and hurled his Grand Army back upon Washington — this little force, whose defeat had made McClelland a toast through all the jSTorth, reached Monterey and rested. Here, like many others who had made this long and exhausting retreat, this gallant young officer, whose history we have traced, was stricken down with fever, which terminated his life on the 25th of July, 1861, During the progress of his disease, he would not let his mother be informed of it ; it was the truest affection that prompted the denial. ''Mamma is delicate," said he; "she loves me so, and she cannot get to me ; it will but distress her." It must have been painful to the few watchers by that dying bed to see one so young, so far from home, thus passing away in the very opening of a momentous war. To the friends in Carolina and Virginia who knew him best, his death was no ordinary loss; it was the disappointing of their hopes of a long career of distin- guished military service. Yet in his record, short as it was, they found much to testify to that achievement and promise which his ancestry led them to expect, and his own conduct in danger so nobly fulfilled. ^YALIvER FRANKLIN SHEPHERD, 1st Sergeant, Company F. -14th Virginia Infantry. The life and death of Walker Shepherd — the one so fresh and chaste, the other so sudden and untimely — make us think of the half-open blossom that is torn from the stem while the dew of tlie morning is still upon it; or of the chiselled vase that is dashed to pieces by some rude hand as it is borne to the fountain. With all the enthusiasm of youth, with the patriotism of a true Vir- ginian, he had hurried to meet the foe that came, with contemptu- ous boasting, to subdue the land of his birth. But before he met and grappled v/ith that enemy, his life was cut off by a painful and tragic accident. l.gj-] TPIE UNIA^EESITY MEMOEIAL. 49 The eldest son of Abrani and jNIaiy L. Shepherd, of Fluvanna County, Virginia, he was born Juno 8, 1840. In his life, ami- abilit}- of disposition and decision of character were liappily blended. From a child, he was taught to fear God by the precept and the example of a devoted Christian mother; and thus, remember- ing his Creator in the days of his youth and before the evil days came, he made, at the age of fifteen, a public jjrofession of faith in Christ, and united himself with the Methodist Episcopal Church South, in the Fluvanna Circuit, then under the pastoral charge of the Rev. Henry T. Attmore. As a cadet in tiie Fluvanna Military Institute, iiis course M'as creditable alike to himself and to the school. When he left it, he held the first rank in the corps. In October, 1S59, he entered the University of Virginia, and was still a student at tliat institu- tion when the war bc!gan. In the spring of 18G1 he left college, and returning home, was chiefly instrumental in raising, and organizing the company with which he began and closed his mili- tary life. With characteristic unselfishness, he nominated the gallant Weisiger to the command of the company, and waiving his own claims to office in fiivor of friends who were his juniors as cadets, he became 1st Sergeant. On the 17th of May, 1861,, Captain Weisiger's command was mustered into service as "Com- pany F" of the 44th Virginia Infantry, Colonel Wm. C. Scott; and about the beginning of the following month the regiment proceeded to Staunton, and thence to reinforce the little array of Geueral Garnett. By a confusion of orders, however, the regiment was kept march- ing and countermarching, while Perrram was stru2;i»;linii; ao-ainst fearful odds on Rich Mountain, and it reached that place only in time to find his little band overwhelmed and surrendered to Gen. Rosecrans. Nothing remaining now but to retreat, the 44th retired to Monterey and awaited the remainder of Garnett's army, which coming up, it advanced to Greenbrier river, and did picket duty on the slopes of Cheat Mountain. The rest of that unfor- tunate cam[)aign has been too recently referred to, to be f)rgotten. On tlie 21st of August, at the signal fu- dress-parade, "Com- pany F" was forming in its street. Sergeant Siiepiieud was standing a short distance to the right of the company, conversing with a comrade just behind him. Just then, an attached personal friend, who was seated on a mess-chest in fro.nt of the regimental 4 50 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [August, line, rubbing his gun, called out to him, and failing to make him- self heard, he snapped his musket for the purpose of arresting his attention. Instead of the sharp, short sound that was anticipated, it was the death-knell of the Sergeant that broke upon the ear ! The piece was loaded, and the bullet intended for Virginia's foe, pierced to death the form of her friend ; cutting his cartridge- belt in front and ranging upward, it had passed out through the back. With the exclamation. "Boys, I am killed!", the young man fell to the earth. In the regiment, surprise at the report of the gun was as nothing, compared with the grief tliat was felt as the word was hurriedly passed around, " Sergeant Shepherd is mortaUij wounded ! " The duties of the day were immediately suspended, and a messenger was dispatched to bear the sad intelligence to the family of the dying soldier. Hearing of the latter fact, he re- marked, "It is hardly worth while; I will jret there as soon as he will." It proved literally true. Quietly and composedly he lay, his comrades around and ministering to him, until about 10 o'clock in the evening, when, as he had lived, he died in the full assurance of the Christian's hope. His remains were at once sent home and deposited in the family bury ing-ground at " Bel-air," in Albemarle County. At the evening parade of the next day an order was published, expressing in appropriate terms the sorrow of the command at their untimely loss. ALBERT RUSSEL, Private, 7th Alabama Infantry. That section of North Alabama which is enclosed in the south- ernmost sweep of the Tennessee river, is one of rare loveliness. The last spurs of the Alleghanies stand out in contrast with the river lowlands, and both, covered with the luxuriant growth of the sunny South, conspire to render the landscape pleasing to the eye. A little more than a half-century ago, it attracted the atten- tion of emigrants, and among others, that of Albert Russel, Sr., the grandfather of the subject of this sketch. Mr. Russel was 1861.] THE UNIVEESITY MEMOKIAL. 51 born, it is believed, in Pennsylvania, but, previous to his removal to Alabama, he had lived and married in Virginia. There, near the town of Leesburg, in Loudon County, in the year 1800, was born of his wife Anne, 7ice Hooe, his son, Albert Russel, Jr. The family removed first to East Tennessee, and afterwards, to an estate in the suburbs of Huntsville, Alabama, still known as Eussel's Hill. In 1823 the younger Russel graduated at Yale College. He then studied medicine at Transylvania University, Kentucky, and entered upon the practice of his profession. In 1835 Dr. Russel was married to Martha Jane Coxe, daughter of Hopkins Lacy, and grand-daughter of William Lacy, of Virginia. The motlier of Miss Lacy was an Irish refugee from the neighborhood of Dublin; she came to Ainerica as the wife of Dr. William Simp- son (who, tradition says, fled for his life from the proscription of the English Government), and after his death married Hopkins Lacy. Dr. Russel, at the time of his marriage, was practicing medi- cine at Triana, a flourishing village on the Tennessee river. Here on the 2d of March, 1837, was born their son — " a puny babe with swarthy skin, sickly and unpromising" — to whom was given the family name, Albert. His early years were a constant struggle for life; and several successive spells of illness nearly baffled the best medical skill and the most judicious nursing. In 1840 Dr. Russel removed to Huntsville, where, four years after, he died suddenly. Mrs. Russel, who in her bereavement had the sympathies of the entire village, soon afterwards retired with her children to a small cotton plantation; and Albert, fragile boy as he was, began to be looked upon as the head of the family. He was at that time self-willed, restive under restraint, and of a daring, adventurous disposition ; yet he was sensitive to ^reproof, and his grief at his mother's displeasure was often pas- sionate. Even at this early period, his taste foretokened the law as his profession ; the court-room was his favorite resort, and often with remarkable accuracy, which showed how keenly attentive he had been, he would repeat to his mother the chief points of an entire debate. When about fourteen, he was placed in the family of Mrs. M. P. Rice, a friend of his father's, that he might have the advantages of school in Huntsville. The kindness of this lady won his heart, 52 THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. [August, and in his journal, in 1855, he wrote of her, "A friend when I needed one, a good woman, a noble Christian who could forget her sorrows to comfort those of another." Here he was brought under the personal influence of Bishop Lay, then rector of that parish, than whom few ministers have clothed the religion of Christ with more attractiveness to the young. With Albert EussEL, faith in a Saviour was not a family heritage, neither of his parents having been an avowed disciple of Christ ; but the early death of the one, and the passionate, lasting grief of the other, turned his mind to the subject, and he believed in God. From this time his desire to be a Christian seemed sincere; and when his death in his country's service made his name the frequent theme of conversation, this eulogy was passed upon him by lips it would have delighted him most to hear : — '^ Yes, Albert was a good boy, and had that rare quality, reverence ; he reverenced God, he reverenced his mother, he reverenced his superiors." After several unsuccessful eiforts to secure an appointment to "West Point, it was determined to send Albert to Hobart Col- lege, New York ; and he entered the Freshman class of this insti- tution in September, 1855. About two years afterwards he was called home by the embarrassments of his mother's estate, and when these were adjusted, he betook himself to teaching, still looking forward to the profession of law. He next returned to Huntsville, and entered upon the study of that profession with such exclusive devotion as to justify the highest hopes of his friends. This was at a time when political excitement ran high — just before the famous Charleston Convention. From his earliest knowledge of the principles that divided the country, Albert had been a States' Rights Democrat. The firm with which he was reading law was not agreed ; one member espousing the views of which Mr. Douglas became the exponent, the other, Mr. E. D. Tracy, those of the States' Rights party, in defence of which, as Brigadier-General in the Confederate army, he lost his life. Be- tween Mr. Tracy and his pupil at law, there sprung up a warm friendship, the memory of which is still grateful to those who mourn them both. Young Russel was now of a character that combined pride and sensitiveness, quickness of temper and generosity of soul. 1861.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 53 His fondness for his mother was romantic, and in her approval he found his highest happiness. Between Mrs. Russel and her son there gradually arose a feeling of companionship : she confided in his judgment and consulted him about all the important matters of the family; and Albert, unconsciously growing to be the head of the household, devoted himself with scrupulous care to the comfort of his mother. She would wait and watch in the evening for him to come from the law-office, and when he came, his inclination conspired with his views of duty to interest and entertain her, and their conversation would frequently last till the small hours of the niglit. In September, 1859, he again left home, and went to Virginia to prosecute his legal studies. In October he became a student at the University and a member of the Law class. He was also a member of the Washington Literary Society. Before the end of the session he returned home, and was licensed to practise in the Chancery Court. By this time, however, national affairs began to absorb all other interests. Albert Russel, in common with almost all the young men of his section, espoused the cause of Mr. Breckenridgo, and after his defeat he conscientiously advocated the doctrine of Secession. When the first sounds of war were heard, he was one of an already organized company, which at once placed itself at the disposal of the Governor of Alabama. It was soon ordered to Mobile, and thence to Fort Barrancas, near Pensacola, Florida, where it was incorporated into the Ttli Alabama Infantry. At Fort Barrancas he shared the labor of those who, like himself, had volunteered as privates in the service; and the sand-bag defences which they threw up there, were no mean testimony to the earnestness with which they toiled. Meanwhile, the seat of war was transferred to Virginia, and our young soldier, .knowino; how hazardous it was for one of his delicate constitution and bilious tendency to pass the summer on the coast, sought a transfer to the Old Dominion. The application was granted, subject to the approval of his company officers ; but these with- held their consent, and his object was defeated. Very soon disease laid hold upon him, and before the first September leaves had fallen, a transfer came unsought. His letters home began to grow illegible. He apologized for this at first, by referring to his poor accommodations for writing, but he 54 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. rseptcmber. Avas Bot long able to conceal from his friends the sufferings he endnred from a felon on one of the bones of hia right hand. His nervous system, always delicate, and now dou'.jtless affected by exposure in a climate which he had sought to escape, became involved, and he was sent to the Marine Hospital, where his mother joined him only in time to assure him of her devotion before he was seized with delirium. Mr. A. K. Wiggs — let his name be recorded, for his fidelity — was detailed from the company to attend him, and aid Mrs. Russel, who for six long weeks watched by the bedside of the soldier frenzied with pain. But human arts all failed to restore to the widowed mother him who had been to her both son, and friend and companion. On the 26th of August, 1861, Albeet Russel died. On the morning of September 1st he was buried by the side of his father, in the cemetery at Huntsville. WILLIAM LEFTWICII GOGGIN, Jr. 1st Lieutenant, Company H, lltli Virginia Infantry- ''With the name of this brave young Virginian are associated,^' said one who knew him well, " memories the most dear that love could cherish, ambition dream of, or patriotism admire." He was born in the town of Liberty, Bedford County, Virginia, July 21, 1840, and named for his uncle, Hon. William L. Goggin. In 1849 his parents, Mrs. Susan S. and Hon. J. O. L. Goggin, removed to Lynchburg, where William received the preparation needful for admission into the Lynchburg College, then a thriving institu- tion, located in the suburbs of his adopted home. Here, in 1860, he graduated with distinction, and was selected to deliver the " Final Public Oration," in which he gave evidence of talent for the rostrum. His style, though rhetorical, was simple and cogent, and his earnest manner bespoke feeling and conviction. In the fall of 1860 William Goggin commenced the study of law at the University of Virginia, Avhere he remained until the spring, when " hostile feet threatened their invading march through his native State," and he with many of his fellow-stu- dents hastened to Harper's Ferry. Instead, however, of returning 1801.] THE UNIVEKSITY MEMOEIAL. 55 to college with his companions when, their purpose accomplished, the University companies were disbanded, he went directly home, and set about arousing the people to what he considered the duties of the hour. A company, — " The Jeif Davis Guards," — composed of men from Lynchburg and the vicinity, was soon organised. His personal friend, J. Rii^que Hutter, was elected to the Captaincy, and himself to the office of 1st Lieutenant, and in this capacity he served in the field until a few days before his death. "The Guards" were afterwards known officially as Company H of tl'.e 11th Virginia Infantry, which, with the 1st, 7th and 17th Vir- ginia regiments, composed the brigade led by General Longstreet into battle on the 18th July, 1861, and known afterwards as " Lono;street's Brio-ade." In the battle of Bull Run the 11th Virginia had a larger share than some partisan writers — self-styled historians — have accorded to it, and to its gallant action the results of that day were due in no small degree. In the heat of this engagement Lieutenant GoGGiN bore himself with marked courage, for ^hich, however, when afterwards coiuj^limentcd, he modestly remarked, " I did my duty ; nothing more." But while, with true delicacy of feeling, he ignored all praise of himself, "no trait in his character was more striking than the unselfish magnanimity which constantly re- vealed itself, whenever the name of a brave comrade was mentioned in his presence." The first battle of Manassas occurred on the twenty-first anni- versary of his birth. He celebrated the day on the field. A few weeks afterwards, a business commission from his company gave opportunity for a brief visit to his friends at home — a visit that will not soon be forgotten by those of the family circle who survive. As soon, however, as his official duties were performed, he returned promptly to camp, — hut for the last time. In a little while his letters spoke of interrupted health, yet without intimating that he was becoming unfit for tlie duties of his position. On the 31st of August his family were startled by the announcement that he was really ill and might be expected by the afternoon train. His appearance, while indicating that he was in a very feeble condition, did not seem to warrant serious ap- ]>rehensions for his recovery; indeed, his friends began at once to rejoice in the belief that the atmosphere of home and a mother's tender care would soon restore him to his wonted healtli. But 56 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [September, "suddenly, on the fourth day after his arrival, his symptoms as- sumed a most alarming and rapid change. Every remedy that love could suggest, or medical skill employ, was resorted to for his relief; but in vain. He sank steadily from the moment of crisis, and suifered much from the acute nature of his disease, until 8 o'clock, A. M., September 5th, when, in the calm trust he had often expressed in the freshness and vigor of health, of ac- ceptance with God through the blood of His Son, his brave young spirit quitted the shores of time for the unending peace and bliss of eternity." On the next day his remains were escorted to the Presbyterian Cemetery, where, in full view of his beautiful home, they were buried with the honors of war by the side of his sister, a lovely young girl, over whose grave the grass of the second summer was beginning to fall. The following stanzas, written when grief for this young man was freshest, are from the pen of " C. J. M. J.," whose words have already been frequently quoted : — " Rest, soldier, rest ! They who resigned thee at tliy country's call, To meet her foe, to guard her truth or fall, Received thee ouce again — 'twas but to lay Thy brave young form in manhood's strength away, In earth's dark breast. " Here, calmly sleep ! No martial sound shall pierce thy death-cold ear, No comrade's step or voice awake thee here ; But love will o'er thee siied her mournful tears, And musing mem'ry through the coming years Her vigil keep. *' Thou wilt lie down With her whose fair young cheek thine own hath pressed, As fond arms clasped ye to the same fond breast, — The gentle sister by whose loving side Thou wand'redst oft in life's bright moi'ning tide, Care then unknown. " Rest, soldier, rest ! The din of war, the batlle-cry is o'er; No startling reveille shall wake thee more. Nor blast of bugle thy dull car unclose. Nor call to arms arouse thy deep repose, On earth's calm breast. " Thou hast put down Thy warrior-emblems. Musket, sword, and shield Tliou'lt need again no more in camp or field : Immortal laurels deck tliy youthful brow. And on thy brave young head Heaven placeth now The victor's crown." ISgl] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 57 JOHN A. WASHINGTON, Lieutenant-Colonel, and A. D. C. to General R. E. Lee. John Augustine Washington was born at "Blakeley," Jefferson County, Virginia, on the 3d of May, 1821. His father, John Augustine Washington, was. the son of Corbin ^Washington, who was the son of John Augustine Washington, the favorite brother of General George Washington. His mother was Miss Jean C. Blackburn, daughter of Major R. S. Blackburn, of the United States Army, and grand-daughter of Colonel Thomas Blackburn, of the E-evolution. At the age of seven years, John Augustine was sent by his fatlier to school at Mr. Brent's, in Westmoreland County, Virginia. From thence he went successively to Mr. Waort, to Bristol, near Philadelphia, and to Mr. Benjamin Hallowell, in Alexandria, Virginia. He remained at the latter school till he went to the University of Virginia, in 1838. He attended the lectures at this institution till 1841, gaining honors in several of its schools. Upon leaving the University, Mr. Washington settled at Mount Vernon (the former residence and the burial-place of General Washington), which had been bequeathed to him as the eldest son. In 1843 he married Miss Eleanor Selden, of Loudon County, Virginia. At Mount Vernon, Mr. Washington led a quiet, farmer's life, dispensing that generous, social, and unbounded hospitality for which Virginians have been so long noted. All who met him were charmed with his pleasing manners, his elegant address, and his brilliant conversation. He was in fact a polished gentle- man in tlie true sense of the term. His was not the polish so frequently seen in men of the world, which covers the outer man with a smiling mask, but serves only to conceal a heart cold, callous, and selfish. His kindliness of disposition prompted him to treat all those with whom he came in contact Avith the same consideration, always avoiding any act or expression that would tend to wound the feelings of even the humblest. Mr. Washington had a cultivated taste for literature, and the large library left by General Washington, and added to by Judge Washington and himself, enabled hira to indulge his taste to any 58 TPIE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [September, extent. No branch of literature was neglected, and the treasures with which he stored his memory, were always at his command. This, together with his richness of imagination, made him a brilliant conversationalist, pleasing alike to all. Mount Vernon, containing, as it did, the tomb of Washington, was naturally a place of great interest to all American and European travellers ; hence, the mansion was constantly thronged with visitors. Many of these were acquaintances of the family, or bore letters of introduction to Mr. Washington. The cost of enter- taining them, and the constant outlay to keep the many buildings of the estate in repair, made the annual expenses far beyond the limits of a private income. Those circumstances, and the desire to have the mansion preserved as a spot sacred to the memory of the Father of his Country, induced Mr. Washington to listen favorably to the offer made by the " Mount Vernon Ladies' Association " to purchase the place. Accordingly, in the winter of 1857-58 the arrangements for purchase were concluded, by which he sold to this Association the mansion, together with 200 acres around it, reserving a quarter of an acre upon which the tomb was situated. The price paid was $200,000. Frequent offers had been made to Mr. Washington, by speculators at the North, to purchase the place, but these he invariably refused. Oidy a month or two before the property was sold to the Ladies' Association, he refused an offer of $300,000 for it. In I860, Mr. Washington gave possession of the property to the Ladies' Association, and removed with his family to "Wave- land," an estate which he had purchased in Fauquier County, Virginia. There he continued to reside till he entered the Con- federate army. When the sectional war broke out, he espoused the cause of the South with his whole heart and soul, and immediately ofiered his services to the Governor of Virginia, Avith the intention of serving in the Southern army in any position to which he might be assigned. Shortly after General R. E. Lee was assigned to com- mand, he offered Mr. Washington the position of aide-de-camp on his staff, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. He accepted the position, and at once joined the army. As an evidence of the noble and patriotic spirit by which he was actuated, we subjoin extracts of letters, written at this period. jg,;i-| THE UNIVEKSITY MEMORIAL. 59 to members of his family. From Richmond, May 3cl, 1861, he writes to one of his daughters : — "I cannot tell yon, dear J , what it cost me to leave you all; but I feel, and Avhatevcr the issue may be, I am sure you will feel, my dear daughter, that I am performing a sacred duty. When yet a boy, I learned at my mother's knee that after my duty to God, my first and greatest obligations were to my country ; and I then resolved, and it has been the determination of uiy life, that when ray country was attacked I M'ould go out to defend her. The occasion has arrived to test my principle, and though the sacrifice is like the tearing of the very heart-strings, I should be recreant to my conviction and undeserving my name, were I to shrink from the performance of duty." From Staunton, July 30ih, ISGl, he writes: — "Every man, woman, and child should now do everything, and be willing cheerfully to make any sacrifice that can promote the common and holy cause in which we are engaged ; and no effort should be relaxed until those Yankee rogues are driven with ignominy from the sacred soil of Virginia." Under date of August 27th, 1861, he writes from his camp on " Valley Mount," in Western Virginia : — "If I fall in defence of all I hold dear, and of those principles that are and ought to be more valuable to me than life, and they can thereby be more thoroughly instilled into Lawrence and George [his two sons] and all of you, then indeed I hold that I shall not have fallen in vain, but that the sacrifice will have been well made; and if my death will engage my children more firmly in the love of truth and of their country, and in inextinguishable hatred and defiance of the lying and hypocrisy and knavery and oppression of the Yankee, then it is well for ,me to die, and the sooner such great ends are purchased at so cheap a price, the better." Again he writes, in the spirit of true Christian resignation to tlie will of God :— "You must all keep in good heart and cheerful, and not be uneasy at my position. There is One Avho can and will dispose of me as it is best, and when you remember me before Him, pray that I may never fail to perform my duty." In the last letter of his which we shall give, there breathes forth the purest spirit of patriotism that can animate the breast of man : — 60 THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. [Seotember, "While I think and hope that we shall be successful, yet, of course, there is no telling who will fall in the efforts we are about making. I am just as likely to be one of them, as any one else; and I can only say that if God so wills it, I hope I am ready to lay down my life and to sacrifice all I have in the just and sacred cause in which I am embarked. I know I am perfectly "willing, if need be, to die for this cause, and sooner than see it fail I had rather that myself and children and all I hold, were swept from existence. For myself I have no fear ; for should my life be lost, it is only anticipating by a few years what must happen at any rate. The whole matter is in the hands of God, who will do with me as seems best to Him." Colonel Washington's military career was brief. Hardly had he taken his sword in hand to defend the sacred rio-hts of his country, when he sealed with his blood his devotion to her cause. He was killed on the 13th of September, 1861, Avhile on duty with General Lee in Western Virginia. The full particulars of his death are thus related by General W. H. F. Lee, who was by his side when he fell : — ^ Colonel Washington was with my command on a scout near the enemy in Western Virginia, during the advance of Loring's army from its position on Cheat Mountain. Colonel Wash- ington had long been anxious to accompany me in some of our expeditions. On this occasion he brought me orders from headquarters, and his face beamed with delight as he told me that he was to accompany us. Our road, on this occa- sion, was an exceedingly rough one, even for that mountainous and rugged country. We had to lead our horses up and down the mountains. Notwithstanding the difficulties of the march, Colonel Washington seemed to enjoy it, aud frequently expressed himself as delighted. It was with difficulty that I could restrain him. In one skirmish with the enemy's cavalry he charged with the leading files. " We had come within sight of the enemy's camp, and I gave the order to return. ' Oh no,' said Washington, ' let us ride down and capture that fellow on the gray horse.' After some hesitation I assented, and leaving our main force, we took only two men and proceeded to capture the fellow on the gray horse. Our road lay through a narrow defile in the mountain, some half mile in length, at the end of which the fellow on the gray horse was 1801.] THE UNIVEKSITY MEMOEIAL. 61 awaiting very quietly our approach. "We had hardly proceeded three hundred yards, when fire Avas opened on us from an ambus- cade in the side of the mountain. At the first volley Colonel Washington fell from his horse, pierced with balls; myself and escort wheeled and spurred back, running the gauntlet from their musketry. If I recollect aright, there was a battalion of infantry in ambuscade, and this fellow on the gray horse was placed in position to entice us into the little trap which tliey had set for us. How we escaped, is one of the many mysteries of the v/ar. My horse was shot in three or four places, the other two killed. Colonel Washington's horse came out with us, bringing his sword, which was tied to the saddle. His body was sent to Gen- eral Lee on the following day, under a flag of truce, and sent by General Lee to his family." Thus fell Colonel John Augustine Washington, an early victim in that deadly struggle in which so many noble lives were lost. It is not groundless conjecture, when we say that, if he had lived, he would have earned and honored the highest rank in the gift of his country. His courage, his knowledge of men, his reso- lution, his inflexibility of purpose, and the lofty ambition with which he was inspired, all these were of too high a tyjie for him to have come through such a war, without enrolling his name among the noblest which its annals contain. In private life he shone with all the virtues which should characterise the husband, father, son, and brother. In his friend- ship he never faltered, and his noble, generous heart prompted him to seek out and aid the distressed. To a stranger this language may seem mere jmnegyric; by those who knew him, it will be thought to fall far short of describing the actual virtues of the man. LAWRENCE LEE GRIGGS BERRY. Private, Company G, 2d Virginia Infantry. The ancestors of Laavrence Berry, on both sides, were natives of the State of Virginia from its earliest settlement as a colony. His father, Rev. Robert Taylor Berry, was the son of Lawrence 62 THE UNIVEESITY MEMOKIAL. [September, Berry ami Catharine Hodge, of Berry Plains, King George County; his mother, Annie Frame Griggs, the daughter of Dr. Lee Griggs and Eliza Frame, of Charlestown, Jefferson County, where he M-as born, September 14, 1839. The first ten years of his life were spent in Georgetown, D. C, during which time Mr. Berry was pastor of the Bridge Street (Presbyterian) Church of that city. He was a quiet, thoughtful, reserved child, but with a quick and passionate temper, which, however, he afterwards learned by severe discipline to control. When his father removed to Martinsburg, Virginia, Lawrence^ accompanied him, and there, iu the town Academy, laid the foun- dation of a classical education. From Martinsburg he was trans- ferred to the flourishing school of Rev. Dr. William H. Foote, in Romney, where he prosecuted his linguistic studies, preparatory to college. In 1857, he entered the University of Virginia. Here he remained two sessions, and graduated in Political Economy and Moral Philosophy. After leaving the University, he engaged in teaching, proposing meanwhile to qualify himself for the practice of law as a profession. Thus he spent one year at Charlestown, after which he was employed by his former pre- ceptor. Dr. Foote, as assistant in his Academy at Romney. In the spring of 1861, when the war became imminent, Law- rence Berry began to consider seriously the political issues involved. His judgment was clear and mature for one of his age, and the decision of character which marked his childhood and youth had kept pace with his years. Having arrived at the painful conclusion that there was but one course which a Vir- ginian could honorably pursue, he left the shades of the Academy, and under a stern sense of duty, embraced the first opj)ortunity to volunteer in the Southern army. Accordingly, he enrolled himself, along with his brother, a youth of only sixteen, in Company G, 2d Virginia Infantry. Immediately after his enlistment, he learned something of the active service of a soldier, for he was with General Johnston when he faced, and manceuvred against, General Patterson at Bunker Hill; and under his standards he made the forced march when that General, eluding his enemy in the Valley, hastened through Ashby's Gap to Piedmont Station, in order to join Beauregard at Manassas on the 20th July. The 2d Virginia belonged to Jackson's Brigade, whose conduct 1861.] THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 63 on the bloody plains of Manassas was immortalized by the words of the chivalric Bee, as he rallied the battle-worn remnants of his own brigade : — " See Jackson'' s men ; they stand like a stone tvall ! " More fortunate tlian many of his comrades, young Berry passed unhurt through the ordeal of the 21st July. During the period of quiet that succeeded, he remained with his regiment, faithfully and patiently performing the duties of the camp. When questioned by his father at this time, in regard to fthe severity of the soldier's life as compared with that of the student, he readily admitted that his powers of endurance were sorely tried, but declared, at the same time, that he did not regret the step he had taken, and that under like circumstances he would pursue the same course. In the month of September, the Army of Northern Virginia was advanced to Fairfax Court-House, and General Johnston held as outposts, Avith regimental pickets. Fall's Church, Munson's and INIason's Hills, the latter being in sight of the Federal Capitol. On the 20th instant, the 2d Virginia was ordered to this duty at Munson's Hill, and Company G was sent to relieve that of Captain Nadenbousch. The following extract from a letter, written by the Captain of Company G to the Rev. Mr. Berry, under date September 26, 18G1, explains the rest: — "I was informed by Captain Nadenbousch," wrote Captain Edwin L. Moore, " that certain of the picket-posts on his line were very dangerous on account of their close proximity to the enemy's line, as well as on account of the exposed position of our sentinels, and the advantage of shelter, which the enemy had in some thick pines by which they could approach very close to us without being seen. I was cautioned to select my most determined and self-possessed men for a post designated by the number 12. I did so, and among those selected was your son, whose coolness and determination on other occasions had attracted my notice. The pickets were posted after night, and being totally unacquainted with the ground to be de- fended, and the approaches to it, were of course at a great disad- vantage in case the enemy should attack. Unfortunately they did attack the very post at which your son was stationed. Favored by the nature of the ground, they were able to make a point within twenty paces of the post, entirely unobserved by my men. Having reached this point, some fifty or sixty of the enemy made a sudden sally between daybreak and sunrise, firing a volley at 64 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [October, my men. A shot from this volley penetrated your son's breast; but he, though fatally wounded, discharged his musket, and was the last to leave the post, though it was attacked by an over- whelming force — there being only five or six to defend it. He retreated some seventy-five yards, when, overcome by exhaustion from loss of blood, he fell, and was found dead, with his arms by his side, about twenty minutes after, by a reserve force sent out to beat back the enemy and regain the posts. Such are the facts. ... In a worldly point of view, your son's deatli is surrounded by every circumstance that honors a soldier's end. Pie was at the post of danger; he fell in the discharge of his duty." Could any soldier wish a more honorable epitaph than the words of this closing sentence? If anything is wanting, it is supplied by the writer of his obituary, which was published in the Central Pr^esbyterian, June 26, 1861 : — " From his childhood he had been carefully trained in the nurture and admonition of the Lord, and in the faith and hope of the Christian he had livv?d an unspotted life. By his reverence for God and His law, he gave pleasing evidence, the ground of a cheering hope, that he was wrought upon by a higher than any earthly power." JAMES CHALMERS, Sergeant, Company B, 2d Virginia Cavalry, James Chalmers was the son of David Chalmers, of Halifax County. He was born at Woodlawn, the residence of his grand- father, Colonel Coleman, on the 21st of September, 1829. The scope of this memoir will not allow a detailed account of his early life. Suffice it to say, his boyhood was elegantly moulded by the cultivated society, the religious associations, and the refined taste for which his father's house was distinguished. As soon as he was old enough to leave home, he was sent to an Episcopal school at Hagerstown, in Maryland, and while there, in liis sixteenth year, was confirmed by Bishop Whittingham, and became an active member of the Church of his forefathers. From this primary school he went to Chapel Hill College, in North Carolina, where several years were spent in laborious and Ig6l_-| THE UlflYEESITY MEMOEIAL, 65 successful study. Upon closing with distinction his course at Chapel Hill, he determined to devote himself to the study of the law, for the practice of which his high literary culture, his elegant taste, and his great moral worth eminently fitted him. In further- ance of this end, in October, 1849, he matriculated in tlie Univer- sity of Virginia, where he remained two years, studying with industry and entliusiasm in additioil to his professional course, such subjects of general education as are deemed a part of the curriculum of a well-read lawyer. During the last year of his stay at the University, the writer of this sketch first formed his acquaintance, and commenced a friend- ship which, after ripening through ten yeai\s of intimate associa- tion in college,- in court, and in camp, ended only with his life. At the University young Chalmees most conscientiously dis- charged the Christian vows he had assumed in his boyhood, and his holy life and conversation, coupled with his zealous labor in his Master's cause, made him a most useful and efficient member of the student society around him. Immediately upon leaving the University he opened an office and commenced the practice of his profession in Lynchburg. Shortly after reaching Lynchburg he formed a partnership with the late N. H. Campbell, who was then in full practice, and the new firm at once took a leading position at the bar. On the 8th of December, 1852, he was married to Fannie M. Saunders, the second daughter of Dr. James Saunders, a prominent and wealthy tobacconist of Lynchburg. With her his domestic life was one of unalloyed hapjiiness, and she who knew him best, has mourned for him with a depth of faithful sorrow seldom to be seen. In January, 1853, Dr. Saunders found it necessary to have some one to whom he could confide the joint. management of his large and varied business. This post he tendered to Mr. Chal- 'MERS, making the offer so advantageous as to induce him to aban- don Jiis profession. Into his new avocation Mr. Chalmees carried the same gentleness, purity, and rectitude which had marked his course in his former life, and the influence of his presence in the business circle in which he moved was ])otent for good. So great was the confidence of the community in his worth, that, although a newcomer comparatively, he was soon called upon to discharge many of those duties which society demands of those of its members in whom it trusts. Conspicuous among these 5 66 THE UNIYEESITY MEMORIAL, [October, was the office of a member of the Hustings Court, a position to which he was elected immediately after leaving the bar, and lield with great satisfaction to the lawyers and the people until his death. Although in no respect a politician, Mr. Chalmees was an earnest and decided AVhig, and was much opposed to the course of those States which first seceded from the Union ; but as soon as war became a necessity, like all other true men he did not doubt as to ■where his allegiance was due, and was one of the first to place his name on the list of the members of a cavalry company, whose services were to be tendered the Governor of the State for imme- diate duty in the field. This act was not with him one of mere impulse, nor from a desire for military glory ; for though brave, morally and physically, to the fullest scope of that word, he had no taste for the scenes, the duties, or the life of a soldier, and it re- quired no common fortitude for him to tear himself away from the charms of his domestic circle and the peaceful pursuits of his cul- tivated mind, to enter as a private in the ranks. So great was his personal popularity that, when his company was reorganized on a " war footing," he would have been made one of its commissioned officers, had he not insisted upon his own unfitness for the post, and urged successfully the claims of another person for the honor, ac- cepting for himself only a position as a non-commissioned officer. His company was one of the first mustered into the service of the State, and was early ordered to the seat of war. We pass over the parting scenes : but few of those, whose hearts were wrung with anguish that beautiful May morning, will forget their sensations as the long line of bold troopers forded the placid James and disappeared on the heights beyond. Upon the bank of that river our hero bade farewell to his wife and little ones, who crowded to the very water's edge to say the last sad adieu ; then, dashing the gathering tear from his manly eye, he threw his lithe and graceful form into the saddle of his beautiful bay charger, took his place in the ranks, crossed the river, and was gone from his home and his loved ones to return no more ali^e. Space will not allow a detailed account of his life as a soldier. It is enough to say, he was everytliing which is included in the comprehensive term, so often used by General Lee as a meed of ])raise, "a cheerful soldier." Every duty, however irksome, however menial, however dangerous, was willingly done ; no 1861] THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. 67 word of complaint escaped his lips, aud yet he was ever ready ^v'ith a word of apology for those who, less considerate, would often bitterly bemoan the fate which threw upon them unpleasant tasks. The company, upon reaching Manassas, was assigned to the 2d Virginia Regiment of Cavalry, then being organized under Oolonel Radford, and took its position as the second, or Company B, in that regiment. He was in several skirmishes prior to the battle of Manassas, including one at Vienna, where tlie Federals under General Schenck were routed, and he displayed himself every inch a soldier in each trial of his mettle. At the battle of Manassas his conduct especially attracted the commendation of his commanding officers. Foremost in the gallant charge made that day by his regiment upon the breaking foe, he was the first, when pursuit was over, to minister to the suffering of the wounded, whether dressed in gray or blue. While more than one felt that day the power of his bold arm, there Avere many that night who for a cup of cold water, a word of kind encouragement, or a prayer for their parting spirit, had cause to call him blessed. After this great battle, Company B was sent to the front on picket and vidette duty, camping at various times at Centreville, Falls Church, Annandale, and Fairfax C. H. Here the service ■of the cavalry was exciting and dangerous, the skirmish line under General Stuart running through Munson's and Mason's Hills, and in sight of the dome of the Capitol. This life Chalmers seemed to enjoy very much, and the more dangerous the service the more it attracted him. On Saturday, the 28th of September, the company had been on laborious duty all day, owing to some threatened movement of the enemy, and did not return to camp at Fairfax C. H. until after dark. Scarcely had the men gone to rest before General Longstreet sent an order to the Captain (Charles M. Blackford), to detail two intelligent and ireliable men to go with some important messages to the outposts. Chalmers was one of those on whom the lot fell. Knowing him to be somewhat delicate, his captain offered to relieve him; but the offer was decliner], on the ground that it might be considered an act of partiality, and give cause of complaint in tlie company. The following extract from a letter, written by Captain Blackford a day or two after Chalmers was ordered on this duty, describes the result, and as it is a cotemporatieous account, will be interest- ing. The letter is dated " Fairfax Court-House, September 30, 68 THE ITNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. [October, 1861, Monday/' and says: — "Saturday night, about 3 o'clock, I Avas startled by the intelligence tiiat Chalmers was shot and badly wounded, down oh the outside line of pickets. You may well imagine the news sent a pang to my heart. It turned out that he had been shot while riding between the pickets at Annan- dale, and when about three miles to the right of that point. He wa& fired upon, Avithout being halted, and without notice, by two guns, in whose hands has never yet been discovered. We are unable to say whether he fell a victim to the enemy or to the criminal negli- gence of our own men. Be this as it may, he fell in discharge of dangerous service, and in full discharge of his duty. The ball entered his left arm, breaking, or rather crushing both bones, and then passing into the stomach. He rode back some two miles to Annandale before dismounting;. From Annandale he was re- moved first to a tavern about four miles from this place, and on yesterday evening was brought up here, and is now quite comfort- ably quartered in Mr. Thomas's law-office. His arm was ampu- tated yesterday evening just below the elbow. He bore the operation, as he has all the intense pain he has suffered, with manly, Christian fortitude ; never complaining, but expressing the utmost gratitude for the least kindness. What direction the ball took after passing through his arm has not been ascertained, but. the surgeons are inclined to the opinion that it did not enter the cavity of the stomach, or otherwise injure any vital organ." The doctors were wrong in their supposition : the ball entered the cavity of the stomach, and inflicted such an injury that peritonitis ensued, and he died peacefully and calmly at sunrise on Tuesday morning, October 1st. His remains were carried to Lynchburg for interment, and were followed to the grave by a great concourse of citizens, among whom his death had created a most profound sensation. Resolutions of respect and condolence were adopted by his Company, the Court, the Masons, and other organizations to which he belonged. We think this sketch can best be closed by inserting at large an obituary notice of Mr. Chalmers prepared and published at the time by his Company commander, whose long and intimate association with him gives greater force to what he says in regard to his character. It reads as follows : — "A formal announcement Avas made some days since, that James Chalmers, a member of the cavalry company from jgoi;] THE UNIA^EKSITY MEMOEIAL. 69 Lynchburg, died at Fairfax C. H., of wounds received two days before, while in discharge of his duty on the extreme outposts of the Army of Northern Virginia. It is due to the public and to his family that further notice should be taken of his fall. The details of such characters form the unwritten annals of this war, and should be garnered up as its riciiest glories. The General who amidst its pomp and circumstance, marches at the head of conquering legions, sacrifices nothing, but gains everything. Chalmers, a man of peace by profession, in obedience to his sense of duty left his loved home, his v/ife, and his little ones, at a time when his business especially demanded his personal attention, enlisted as a private soldier, and was among the first who marched to repel the invader from our soil. To such men is clue the real merit of the army, and most of the praise lavished upon its leaders. To portray such a character as that of our lost friend is very difficult, for its counterpart is seldom met in real life. He had been trained amidst the most polished Virginian society, had been highly educated at Chapel Hill and the University, and had studied the profession best calculated for intellectual culture. All of these advantages he had improved to their utmost, and, as a consequence, his manners were a grace to any society he charmed with his presence, wearing the same gentle ease around the camp- fire and in the drawing-room. His mind was stored with scientific and classic lore, and the rich sediment which the tide of literature had left upon his mind, was the fruitful soil whence sprung the choice products of his tongue and pen. He was at once erudite and accomplished, following wath earnest zeal the teachings of Bacon or Butler, and yet an amateur in music and a critic in poetry. Well versed in the prosy philosophy of the past, he was perfectly conversant with the lightest literature of the present. Such are some ot the characteristics of his mind. .To trace the , proportions of his great heart is a more difficult task. Only those who were so fortunate as to be intimately associated with him, can really appreciate its depth. Any description must fail to do. it justice, for want of words apt for the subject. Were an endeavor made to pick out any one ^sjjarkling segment of the wondrous whole,' his friends would with great unanimity point to the perfect unselfishness of his nature — the necessary basis of all excellence of character. He was unselfish almost to a fault, placing others and others' wants in the front, and himself and his 70 THE UNIVEESITY i\IEMOPvIAL. [Octc. cr, own wants always in tlie background, and thus, not unfrequently, his interests suffered and injustice was doi*e him. For this, h.owever, he seemed to be compensated in tlie actual pleasure he enjoyed in seeing other people satisfied and happy. To make those around him happy was one of the aims of his life. It is needless to say that his forgetfulness of self secured him the h)ve of all who knew him, grappling him to their hearts with liooks of steel. His purity was another marked characteristic; in thought, in word and in action, so pure that, were no otlicr eicraent of character known, we should feel assured he lias reaped the reward held out to the pure in lieart, of seeing God. A\ith this was entwined as a twin virtue, the most feminine gentleness. It was a beautiful sigh.t, to see his inanly form bent over some s'ck comrade, administering both spiritual and temporal comforts with a voice and touch a woman might envy ; and yet from such scenes he turned to the sterner duties of war with tlie heart and hand of a true soldier. A woman in purity and gentleness, a child in in- nocence, he was yet the brave man, fearing nothing but his God, dreading nothing but Heaven's frown. He merited the praise of the heathen poet as Justuui et tenacem propositi vinim, and yet possessed all the higher attributes of a Christian warrior, with hand on hilt and eye on Heaven, fighting at once under the banner of his country and the cross o^his Saviour. " He had been for many years a most consistent member of the Episcopal Church, and he carried his piety with him into every relation of life. At home he was a working Christian ; around the fireside, in the Sunday School, or in the hut of the jioor, he ever did his duty as a faithful worker in God's cause. In camp his example and precept were most potent for good, and none of these who enjoyed tlie privilege of nightly kneeling beside him in prayer, will soon forget the earnest appeals that arose from his tent to the Throne of Grace. Upon his deathbed, he drew his Captain to him, and in whispered accents sent his love to the mem- bers of his company, and an earnest appeal to them to put their trust in that Saviour who enabled him joyfully to welcome death as a passport to a land of bliss. " As an instance of his fearless sense of duty, one example out of many may be mentioned : — Some few days before he was shot he ,^^, T TiiS UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. 71 was stationed at Mason's Hill, one of the outposts nearest the enemy, when an alarm was given that the Federal army was niakinir a general advance. The officer commandino; the forces at tiuit hill, through some misapprehension of orders, withdrew his command and abandoned the post. Chalmees was confident that some mistake had occurred, and as his own orders from Gen. Longstreet were to stay, he determined to remain until time had been given for the error to be corrected ; and with three other men, whom he posted so as to conceal the true state of affairs, held the hill three hours, until the troops returned, though the enemy, only a few hundred yards oif, in full view, were drawn up in line of battle." "Such a man was Chalmees. Space is not allowed, or fuller justice could be done his memory. Would that we had some con- solation to oifer the stricken hearts he left behind hi in ! Except in the belief that God disposes all things for the best, there is no balm for the heart that bleeds for the loss of such a husband, such a father, such a brother, such a son. It is, however, an in- expressible comfort to know that he has "fought his last battle," and has gone to that long home " where the wicked cease from troubling and the weary are at rest." His reward, as a faithful soldier of his country, will be meted to him by a grateful posterity. As a soldier of the Cross, he now enjoys the perpetual bliss promised the good and faithful, and, in the very presence of God, wears the victor's crown of immortal glory." De. EDWIN S. BUIST, Assistant Surgeon, 9th South CaroUna Infantry. Dr. Edwin Sommees Bulst was the son of Rev. E. T, Buist, D. D., for many years pastor of the Presbyterian Church in, Greenville, South Carolina. He was born March 31, 1837. After the usual preliminary education, he entered the University of Virginia as a student, in October, 1855. In personal appearance he was then tall, rather slight, and handsome. His mind belonged to that type which regards the concrete rather than the abstract, and, consequently, he was remarkable for his good practical judgment. 72 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [November At the University — which institution he attended two sessions — he devoted himself chiefly to the study of , the sciences, as preparatory to the profession of INIedicine. In tlie autumn of 1857 he repaired to the University of New York and matriculated in the Medical Department, at the same time placing himself under the private tuition of Dr. (now Prof) T. G. Tliomas, with whom he became a favorite pupil. In the spring of 1859 he was graduated at this institution ; and after spending some months in the city, he returned to his liome in South Carolina. In the early part of the following year, he made a tour of the Southwestern States, the result of which Avas a determination to settle in Arkansas. This plan was not, however, carried into immediate effect, and he commenced the practice of Medicine in Charleston in the winter of 1860-61. Here the commencement of hostilities found hioi. Even when the enthusiasm of the Carolinians was highest, Dr. BuiST did not sympathize with it. Again and again he ex- pressed himself as opposed to the disruption of the Government, declaring that, though he would be prepared to stand by the fortunes of his State and his native South, he could not endorse the wisdom of the secession mov^ement. Yet, even among the first did he enter the military service of his country, and was one of the earliest sacrifices in the great struggle that followed. During the latter part of the summer of 1861, he was ordered to Hilton Head Island as Assistant-Surgeon to the 9th South Carolina Infantry and Colonel Wagner's battalion of heavj- artillery. In this capacity he was serving on the 7th of November following, when an attack -was made upon Fort AValker by the Federal fleet under Captain Dnpont, Flag-Officer of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron. During the bombardment. Dr. BuiST was engaged with the wounded in one of the covered pas- sages of the fort, and while thus occupied, he M-as killed by the crushing in of the superstructure under the heavy fire of the gunboats. In about five hours Fort Walker surrendered, and the body oi Dr. BuLST Mas taken in charge by his former friend, Dr. Edward Dalton, of New T"ork, then one of the surgeons with the fleet, and by Dr. George Cooper, medical director of Sherman's corps. Through their kindness it M'as decently interre.1, and some ten days afterwards, restored under flag of truce to his friends. It ^!^^ ^pSC^ ISCl.j THE UNIVEKSITY MEMOEIAL. 73 was said by these officers that, iu removing the debris from the fortification, his body was found beneath a mass of sand and timber, in the attitude of ligating the temporal artery of a soldier, and still grasping the tenaculum in his hand. Thus, while the star of the Confederacy was in the ascendant, and gave promise of a zenith glory, Edwin Buist yielded up his life — happy in filling so soon, in that he was spared the suflPering and humiliation that awaited his survivors: happier still in being prepared, through Christ, for his sudden translation. JOSEPH E. COX, M. A. Lieutenant, Manchester ArtiUerj^. Joseph Edwin Cox was born September 27, 1837, at Clover Hill, Chesterfield County, A^irginia. His father. Judge James H. Cox, a native of the same county, graduated with distinction at Hampden Sidney College, and then took up the study of law. When about to enter upon the practice of his profession, he was elected President of the Academy of Tallahassee, and filled that office for three years. Returning then to Chesterfield, he identi- fied himself with the interests of the people, among whom he has enjoyed an enviable popularity. For many years he served in each House of the General Assembly of Virginia, and while in the Senate was made Speaker of that body. He represented his county in the Constitutional Convention of 1850, and in that of 1861. Upon the adoption of the new constitution, and the reor- ganization of the judiciary, he was elected Judg,e for Chesterfield County by the General Assembly. JosFPH, the second son of Judge Cox, was distinguished as a child for his love of books, and at the age of ten his powers of acquisition had placed him ahead of schoolmates of maturer years. When nearly fourteen he was sent to the school of Mr, William R. Dunn, of Amelia County, and remained there two years, gaining for himself the name of a diligent and successful student. In October, 1853, he entered the University of Virginia, and at the close of the session he received diplomas in the Latin, Spanish, and Anglo-Saxon languages. The next year he was prevented by 74 THE UNIVERSITY ]\IEMOEIAL. [DecemlH'i-, sickness from standing any of the final examinations. On the 29th of July, 1858, however — just two montlis before he attained his majority — he Avas graduated IMaster of Arts, and read by ap- pointment of the Faculty, his Degree-Essay on " The Mission of Educated 3Ien.'' The following year he returned to the University, and began the study of law as a profession. The success of Joseph Cox in achieving the highest academic honor of his alma mater, is sufficient testimony to his intellectual ability. Concerning his private character while a student, the writer, ^vho Avas then his classmate and intimate friend, could say much. In gentleness and softness of manner he was more like a woman than a man ; but in devotion to principle, and in sternness of purpose, he was abundantly masculine. He had a high appreciation of wit and humor in others, and was himself somewhat gifted in repartee; withal, there was a genial playfulness of spirit, which constantly tempted him to practical jokes,and yet contributed to his popularity. He made no profession of Christianity, but his moral character was without reproach. Thus, not only for his pleasing address and social disposition, but for his integrity of life and sterling in- tellectual worth, he was held in high esteem by a wide circle of acquaintances. But those who knew him intimately, entertained for him a much tenderer feeling, and to-day he is mourned by many who were proud to count him among their closest friends. In after-life Joe Cox was marked by the same traits — the soft graces of a woman, the hardy virtues of a true man. One who knew him thoroughly, and watched his brief course with the most earnest solicitude, writes of him thus : — " I dwell upon each point of his cluu'actcr, and try to recall all the changes wrought by time and circumstances, and, at the end of such reflections, I always decide that he was less subject to change from boyhood to manhood than any person I ever knew." He was, while at the University, a member of the Jefferson Society ; in 1857 he held in it the office of President, and in 1859 lie served on its behalf as Magazine editor. In the summer of 1859 he located in Manchester, Virginia, and became a candidate for the practice of law. A graceful and easy writer, and a fluent speakei', with a Avell-trained and well- stored mind, he at once took high rank among his brethren at the bar ; and it is no mean testimony to his ability, that in less than isci.] THE VNIVEKSITY MEMORIAL, 75 two years ho had secured an excellent practice. This, liowever, v.-as not surprising to those who knew him ; for they believed that still greater successes Averc within his easy grasp. And in keeping with the expectation of his friends was the opinion exprcr^sed hv one of the first legal authorities in that section of Virginia, that he would attain the very highest position in the reach of his pro- fession. Such was the bright prospect blasted by the Mar. In the matter of politics, Joe Cox was a States' Rights man from education and from principle; yet he was 0])posed to seces- sion, and especially to separate State action. Still, as soon as Vir- ginia had taken position in regard to this question, he felt that his first allegiance was due to her. In the spring of 1861 he joined the " Manchester Artillery," which was then forming, and was elected one of its Lieutenants. But his military career was very brief. The Manchester Artillery, Captain Weisiger, w^as ordered to duty at Norfolk, and took part in the bombardment of Sewell's Point. Tliis battle, though bloodless, was fatal to Lieutenant Cox ; the night march from Norfolk to the Point developed in him a violent attack of intermittent fever, the result, doubtless, of previous ex- posure in a damp and bilious climate. As soon as he was partially recovered, he was removed to Chesterfield, where, under the patient ministry of his family, he was after a wliile relieved of the fever. But like the arrow that leaves the poison when the shaft is withdrawn, so this insidious disease left its victim with symptoms of })ulmonary consumption. It was in June that he had been brought home. When the first battle of Manassas was fought, July 21, he was still an invalid, and must have had some presentiment that he could not live to take any active part in the Mar. In a conversation with his sister, a few days after that first great Confederate victory, he remarked with much earnestness of manner that he regretted with all his heart he had not been engaged in that battle. May it not l)e that he felt his life was already a sacrifice to the war, and that he preferred to yield it up at once in battle, rather than suffer the slow progress of an incurable disease ? In the latter part of August, in spite of repeated remonstrances, he returned to service with his company. In October his family })aid a visit to his camp ; he chanced to be the officer of the day, and met them in full uniform and, apparently, in excellent health. But the bright eye and rosy cheek were soon betrayed by the fie- 76 THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. [December, quent cough. His father at once procured a furlough for him and took him home again, where after a few weeks he fell into a rapid decline. During the sad days that followed, he continued to illustrate those graces which had ornamented his childhood and adorned his character as a man. He was fully aware of his condition, and knew that ere long he must die. To him, doubtless, as to others, death seemed, from a human standpoint, to be coming either too soon or too late. In the race for academic honors he had been successful in a degree to which few attain ; in forensic contests also, he had been distinguished beyond his years ; and now, when tiie highest political interests of the country were to be decided by the sword, and he had just girded himself for the defence of his native Virginia, he was drooping to the grave ere he could strike for his home ! Why came it not sooner — anticipating liis laborious pre- parations for life, and the honors which he might be loth to lay down ? Or, why waited it not until the flo\ver of his age was past, and the fruit of his labors enjoyed ? So, perhaps, reasoned his friends ; so, perhaps, he, at first. Per- haps both he and they murmured too; they, under their weight of grief, he, in the flush of disappointment. But, if so, both reason- ings and murmurings were silently answered by the gift of a new and crowning grace, if indeed it were a new grace, to trust calmly and hopefully in the Saviour of men. It might be inferred that a man of his type would not be wdiolly indiiferent to the subject of religion; his journal, written while he was in perfect health, shows that he had given much earnest consideration to it. During the slow progress of his sickness, when there was much leisure for reflection, these views assumed symmetrical form; and leaning, in his weakness, upon the strong arm of God, he put on the "armor of righteousness." Thus was he equipped for a nobler fight than that from mIucIi he had been so recently retired. Those qualities which had heretofore commended him to the esteem and affection of others, were sublimated by the humility of the Christian. Always gentle, polite, unselfish, he was so still, with even a quiet cheerfulness. And when, the crisis drawing near, his suiferings became both acute and continued, they pro- voked no murmur from the invalid. Often at the hour of retiring, he would summon the family to his bed-side, bid them good- night, and beg them to retire, that they might not witness the pain they could not relieve. 1^61] THE UNIVEKSITY MEMORIAL. 77 The Christmas of 1861 was a sad one at Clover Hill. No sounds of merriment were heard, no joyous faces seen. The shadows that afterwards grew so long, and enveloped the whole country, were then first creeping about that house. The oil of an honored lamp was well-nigh spent; the light of a dear life was flickering fitfully, and tearful eyes were watching its waning power. On the evening of December 26, at ten minutes before two o'clock, Joseph Edm^n Cox died, "in full faith in the Christian religion, and confident of a blissful future." He was buried in the garden, in the centre of what is now a grass-plat, enclosed by a hedge of evergreens. Over his grave rises a modest marble shaft, bearing this inscription : — " BORN A GENTLEMAN, BRED A SCHOLAR ANE A LAWYER, DIED A CHRISTIAN SOLDIER." END OF VOLUME I. The TJ^iyersity Memoeial. VOLUME 11 — 1862. CHATILES SCOTT COWHERD, Private, " Gordonsville Grays," IStli Virginia Infantry. Charles Scott Cowherd, the third son of John S. and Lucy W. Cowherd, was born in Orange county, Virginia, February 15th, 1837. He was reared in affluence and ease, and on account of his exceedingly amiable and gentle disposition, he was the fa- vorite of his family and of the community in which he lived. During his early life, he enjoyed the educational advantages of a first-class neighborhood school, and in 1857 he entered the University of Virginia. While there he attended the schools of Latin, Greek, and Chemistry, pui'sued his studies with diligence, and was held in high esteem, by his Professors. At this time the University was in a high state of jjrosperity — the number of students being considerably over six hundred. These were for the most part young men of wealth, intelligence, and pride. Acquaintance among them W'as, in most cases, limited ; each had his own particular circle of friends, and knew but little — nor cared to know — outside that circle. Charles Cowherd was peculiarly retiring in his disposition, and his ac- quaintances few ; but among those Avho knew him and daily associated with him, he was held in the highest esteem and the most sincere and cordial affection. At the breaking out of the w'ar, he was First Lieutenant in the Gordonsville JNIilitia ; but on the 17th day of April, 1861, he volunteered as a private in the " Gordonsville Grays," Captain Wm. C. Scott commanding, and marched with the company to Harper's Ferry. He remained at Harper's Ferry until the Virginia Militia was ordered into the field by Governor Letcher, when he returned and joined his command at Gordonsville. The Militia was, how- jgg,-, THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 79 ever, soon disbanded, and the Virginia troops turned over to the Confederate Government. Upon the dissolution of his company — a general quiet prevailing at that time along all the different military lines in Virginia — he obtained permission to enter the Virginia Military Institute at Lexington, with the view of better preparing himself for the life and duties of a soldier in tiie field. He had been in the Institute but a short time, when the service on the lines became more active and exciting, and he, chafing to join his comrades, once more donned the *' jacket of gray," and enlisted as a private in Captain Scott's company, then incorporated with the 13th Virginia Infantry, and encamped at Fairfax Station. As a soldier, he was cheerful, willing, and obedient to orders. He ever displayed the most rigid fidelity to his duties, and was most highly and tenderly regarded both by his officers and his comrades. It were pleasant to write of him as one holding his position among the living, faithful in tlie discharge of duty, and shedding the lustre of his own beautiful and lovely cliaracter around him, in the midst of those who loved him, and whom he loved. But the s]iadow begins now to fall upon his life. Early in December, 18G1, he was stricken down by that terrible and fatal scourge of the Southern soldier, camp fever ^ and was ordered to the hospital. From the field-hospital he was transferred to Gordonsville, and reached home scarcely in time to breathe his last in the arms of his family, on the 3d of January, 1862. At the age of seventeen, Charles Cowherd made a profession of religion, and at the time of his death he was a deacon in the Baptist Church at Gordonsville. His upriglitness of conduct and consistency of life as a Christian, even from first to last, shone as brightly as the purest gold. A large number of his friends gathered to his funeral, and testi- fied, by their tears, to the affection in which tiiey held him. And when, on that cold, wintry evening of January, ]862, liis remains had been lowered to their last resting-place in the family burving- ground at Oak Hill, an old citizen of the community remarked to the writer of this tribute, " We have just buried one of the best i/ounr/ men ever reared in Ornnf/e County.'" These words were literally true. Of comely ajipearance, he was gentle as a girl in disposition, genial and cheerful in temper- ament ; and, to crown all his comeliness, he was a most faithful and devout Christian. 80 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [January, WILLIAM B. PHELPS, Private, 1st Kentucky Infantry. Wm. Brokenbrough Phelps was born October 9, 1834, at the home of his parents, in the immediate vicinity of Covington, Kentucky. The fond recollection of friends could recite many incidents of his early years which would evince his loving nature and the keen pain he manifested at witnessing suffering in the smallest and meanest living creature. As a child he was rather remarkable for the beauty of his person and the early development of his mind, which received the most careful culture. At the age of nine he was deprived of his father. His mother, after this sad bereavement, removed to Virginia — her native State — and lived with her children in her mother's home for nearly a year. At the end of this time, proposing to place her eldest child, William, in the family of his uncle. Colonel Edward Colston, of Berkeley County, Virginia, Mrs. Phelps took up her residence in Shep- herdstown, Jefferson County, that she might be accessible to her son, from whom, until then, she had never been separated for a day. Under the kindly roof of Colonel Colston, William Phelps lived several 3'ears, sharing with his cousins in all the privileges and benefits of an enlightened, pious household, and under the regular tuition of classical teachers resident in tiic family. He was destined to become an orphan a second time, for in the spring of '51 his noble uncle-in-law, who had been almost a father to him, died suddenly. A few months after this event, Mrs. Phelps applied to the Visitors of the University of Virginia for a place for her son in that institution; and about the same time, fearing she might fail in this request, she made application to the Virginia Military Institute at Lexington. Both the University and the Institute acceded to her request, and she, not foreseeing that a military education would, in a few years, be a desideratum to the men of the South, preferred the former for her son. Accordingly, just before he attained his seventeenth year, he matriculated at the University, and pursued the academic course there for two years. In the summer of 1853 he opened a school in a small town in Maryland, and for the two succeeding years he was engaged in Igea.] THE ITNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. 81 teacliing, and in reading law. In tlie Avinter of 1855-6 he attended the law lectures of his uncle, Judge J. W. Brokenbrough, at Lexington, Virginia. Retaining the most tender memories of the home of his early childhood, he removed to Covington, Kentucky, in the summer of 1856, and soon obtained a license to practise law in the town where his father had been an eminent practitioner in the same pro- fession. In the first letter written to his mother after arriving in Coving-ton, he enclosed a rose that bloomed in the borders of his birth-place — long occupied by strangers — and a sprig of cedar from his father's grave. He was elected, two years in succession. Attorney for the city of Covington; and it is some evidence that he discharged the duties of his office satisfactorily, that he was elected the second time while confined to his bed by illness. In the summer of 1861 he left his mother's home, with a com- pany of infantry called the " Madeira Guards," in which he held the office of Lieutenant. The company rendezvoused at Clarks- ville, Tennessee. While stationed at this place, Lieutenant Phelps was seized by a strong desire to go immediately to the seat of war in Virginia. Setting out for the Old Dominion, he reached Richmond a few days after the battle of Manassas, and subsequently became a member of Captain Desha's company, 1st Kentucky Infantry, Army of Northern Virginia. In his diary kept at this period of inactivity in military mat- ters, some passages of interest to his friends are found. He had always been a regular attendant at church, and joined with interest in the responsive services. On a certain Sunday he wrote : — "What would I not give to be at church to-day!" And on the 9th of October, "This is my birth-day. Wpnder if they are thinking of me at home?" He alludes also to a young lady to whom he was betrothed. On December 22d, the affair of Drainsville occurred. The Confederate forces, composed of Virginii, Kentucky, South Caro- lina, and Alabama troops, were commanded by General J. E. B. Stuart. The enemy, at first rejHilsed by the brilliant charge of the Southerners, returned to the attack with reenforcements. In the confusion of manoeuvring, the 1st Kentucky mistook a South Carolina regiment for the enemy, and fired into it. Soon after discovering his mistake, Colonel Taylor with his 6 82 THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. [January, KentucKians coming in sight of another regiment, in order to avoid a similar occurrence, shouted to know who they were. The answer was, "Don't shoot. Me are friends — South Carolinians." "On which side are you?" asked Col. Taylor. "For the Union," rejjlied the Federals, at the same time delivering a heavy fire into the ranks of the Kentuckiaus.* In this battle, William Phelps lost his left arm, but retired with the Southern troops when they were forced from the field. Mrs. Phelps, who was then at her home in Covington, saw the name of her son in the list of the wounded, and at once set off to Washington. Arriving there on the last day of the year, she applied for permission to go to Centreville, but it was refused her. She then drove to the house of Gen. McCIellan, who had been a friend of her son-in-law. Gen. Mcintosh, in the old army; but the General was too ill to be seen, and she then applied to Mr. Chase, who had practised for many years at the bar with Mr. Phelps, and on most friendly terms. An audience with that official was denied her until the next day ; and when, at the ap- pointed hour, she repaired to his house and made known her wish, he replied, " Your son is in the rebel army : I think that you cannot get a passport." In despair the mother exclaimed, "Oh, Mr. Chase, he is the son of ycur old acquaintance, Mr. Phelps ! " The appeal went at once to the heart. "Are you his widow?" said lie.f Mr. Chase at once wrote a note to Mr. Seward, who issued a passport for Mrs. Phelps to go to Fortress Monroe. Here again she was delayed by Gen, Wool, and would have been sent back to Baltimore, had not the eloquence of maternal grief prevailed with him, as with Mr. Chase. She was allowed to go, on the next day, to Norfolk, but reached that city too late for the train to the Confederate Capital. On the night of the nineteenth day after the battle of Drainsville, she reached Manassas — only a few miles from Washington ! It was too late. That which she had so anxiously sought Avas gone : her child had died that morning, just ten lionrs before ! Three days afterward, he was interred in the family burying- ground at Summer Hill, Hanover County. The young Kentucky friend wlio accompanied his remains, delivered his parting message to her who had sought so long and so anxiously to reach the sick-bed of her first-born. " Tell my mother that I die in the ♦Pollard's " First Year of the War," p. 2J3. f Diary of a Southern Refugee. 1862.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 83 faith of Christ ; her early instructions have been greatly blessed to me ; and my last word is ' Mother ! ' " ^^Ve quote now from an obituary notice that appeared, a few days after the death of Mr. Phelps, in the Richmond }VJiig, and also in the Cincinnati Enquire}' : — '^Died at Centreville, Virginia, William Brokenbrough Phelp8, son of the late Jefferson Phelps, and grandson of the late Judge Wm, Brokenbrough, of Richmond, Virginia. Though born in Kentucky, he was reared and educated in Virginia. Six years ago he returned to his birth-place, where he was engaged at the commencement of the war in the practice of the law. The invasion of Virginia soon brought him back to the land of his forefxthers; and going last summer to Manassas, he joined Captain Desha's company, of the First Kentucky Regiment. At Drains ville, in the front rank of his regiment, he sealed his devotion to his country with his blood. He there had his left arm shattered, which resulted in death on the nineteenth day after the action. The devoted attention of his Captain and his comrades is above all praise. He bore his sufferings with calm- ness and fortitude. . Conscious of his approaching end, he con- versed freely with a pious relative, and left messages for his mother that must afford consolation. Committing his soul to his Saviour, he breathed his last as quiet as an infant. We humbly hope and believe that he now rests securely under the banner of that great Captain who gave His life for the salvation of the world." Rev. DABNEY CARR HARRISON, Captain, Company K, 56th Virginia Infantry. To furnish a brief sketch of this faithful minister of Christ, this noble gentleman and valiant officer, who fell at Fort Donelson while cheering on his men, and striking for the honor and inde- pendence of the young Confederacy, is to me an easy task, for I need only to abridge the carefully prepared memoir of him, written by my brother, the Rev. William J, Hoge, D. D., about a year before his own death. Short as was that memoir, it was 84 THE UNIVEKSITY MEMOKIAL. [February, composed so conscientiously, and was snch a labor of love on the ])art of the writer, that I have little to add or supply, and need only say that the calmest review, after the lapse of years, only confirms my estimate of the fidelity and truthful beauty of that tribute to the memory of one so deserving of our lov.e, and so worthy of a place among those whose names, embalmed with "our praises and our tears," we transmit to those who come after us, in the pages of The University Memorial. Dabney Caer Harrison was born in the County of Albe- marle, Virginia, on the 12th of September, 1830. He was descended from a long line of illustrious ancestors. Among those immediately related to his family were two signers of the Declara- tion of Independence. One of them Avas its illustrious author. The other was the father of William Henry Harrison, President of the United States. His great-grandfather was a member of the House of Burgesses, and eminent for patriotism and eloquence. His grandfather, Dabney Carr, was an incorruptible judge, an elegant scholar, and displayed in domestic and social life traits of character of such rare beauty and dignity, as greatly to endear him to the circle which he illumined and adorned. From early childhood, Dafney was remarkable for thought- fulness, integrity, self-denial, perseverance in difficult under- takings, and unfailing obedience to his parents. His studiousuess very early gave promise of the rich acquisitions of his after-life. When but nine years old he read, in his play hours, the whole of Hume's History of England. His favorite books, his composi- tions, and his conscientious walk and conversation, show that the whole tendency of his mind was, even at this period, deeply religious. When just fifteen, he entered the Soj)homore class in Princeton College, though his preparation was in advance of what was required. After an unusually blameless and honorable course at this institution, he began the study of the Law with a relative in Martinsburg, and pursued it at the University of Virginia for two years. He then returned to Martinsburg, and entered on the practice of this profession. He was well fitted for it both by nature and education. His memory was quick, tenacious, and prompt, so that his acquisitions were rapidly made, firmly held, and always at command. His understanding was comprehensive and solid ; while his imagina- I8,i2.] THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. 85 tion, Avithout being vivid, was graceful and chaste. His perception was keen, his judgment cool, his language clear. His historical and political knowledge was copious and accurate. Having an intrepid intellect, he was fond of discussion. In- capable of artifice himself, he was 3^ct not easily entrapped by an opponent. At this period of his life his speech Avas, perhaps, too often sarcastic; but after grace began its reign, his wit grew con- stantly solter, and survived, at length, in the form of good- liumored pleasantry only, played off upon friends who could understand and enjoy it. His emotions were ardent, but under strong control. He had ready sympathies for the weak, generous indignation for the injured, while for purity and honor, for liberty and right, he was full of noble enthusiasm. He had, moreover, the advantages of a pleasing address, classic features, a serene and contemplative countenance, the frankness of a fearless and cordial nature, and the manners of a thorough gentleman. AVith such qualifications, and with a glowing ambition, he entered on his professional career. But Providence had marked out other and higher work for this young lawyer. After long, thorough, prayerful consideration, he determined to devote himself to the ministry of the Gospel, and entered upon his theological studies in Union Seminary, in tlie County of Prince Edward. While he still had another year of his Seminary course before him, his honored and beloved Professor, the Rev. F. S. Sampson, 1). D., died ; but the "profiting" of his pupil had so "appeared to all," that he was immediately appointed to conduct the studies of a considerable portion of the difficult department now made Vacant. He spent two years in these labors, delighting the stu- dents and giving satisfaction to all. But notwithstanding his " aptness to teach," his devotion to ^Oriental learning, and his rare skill in the Hebrew, his heart still yearned for the peculiar work of the Gospel ministry. For nine months he acted as pastoral supply to the College Church, and for six months more he sustained this relation to the First Pres- byterian Church in Lynchburg. But a still wider field now opened before him. While yet in his twenty-seventh year, he was chosen for the regular term of two years, to be chaplain to the University of Virginia. In this office, he endeared himself to the whole community, gained the confi- 86 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [February, dence and good-will of the vast body of students, and "Avon golden opinions" from men whose commendation is praise indeed. One of tlie Professors of the University has been heard to say, " I never knew a more successful copy of thejife of our Saviour than his." Another said, " I knew him intimately. Our conver- sation was as unguarded as that of brothers ; and every sentiment I ever heard him utter, was worthy of a gentleman and a Christian. I never knew him to neglect a duty, or even to postpone one. He was always faithful to his country, and faithful to his God." Said another, '"" It was my privilege to hear the E,ev. D. C. Harrison preach almost every Sabbath during two sessions of the University of Virginia, of nine months each, and I can truly say that I never heard him deliver an indifferent, nor even an ordinary sermon in all that time." "His piety vivified his creed, and his creed gave form to his piety. Doctrine and devotion were beautifully blended in all he uttered from the pulpit. His prayers were as didactic as his preaching, and his preaching as devout and fervent as his prayers. All he knew of God and Christ had formed itself into worship, and hence his extraordinary gift in prayer, a gift so remarkable as to elicit the admiration of all who knew him, whether of the pious or impenitent. Who that heard his last prayer amongst us, can ever forget the man or his manner, as lie stood in the pastor's pew in front of the pulpit, at the close of the sermon (by another), and pleaded with God for his country and the enemies of that country. " In short, I have heard few men whose preaching approached so near to Scripture models, and never have known any man of higher qualifications for the successful and acceptable discharge of the specific duties of a ])astor." * Just as his term of service at the University of Virginia expired, he was summoned to his home at "' Clifton," in the County of Cum- berland, by the extreme illness of his mother, from whom so many of his gifts and graces were inherited ; and very rich was the baptism of grace and peace, zeal and tenderness, which came down upon his soul, as he lingered, for a few weeks, by her hal- lowed grave ; and, then, having accepted a call for his pastoral services from the Bethlehem Church in Hanover, he removed thither and entered on his labors. But there, after many months of fruitful toil, his peaceful life *Kev. Dr. McGuffey. jggg-j THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 87 was disturbed by the coming of our national troubles. Dark shadows soon became darker realities. This sovereign Common- wealth W3? required to aid in beating down into degradation, and whipping back into servility, her free sisters of the further South, or join with them in their just independence, and throw her gen- erous breast before them, to receive the first blow of the tyrant's rod, and bear the brunt of his wrath. She obeyed her heart, exer- cised her right, and stood in tlie breach. In the battle of Bull Run, he lost his gallant cousin. Major Carter H. Harrison. Three days later, at Manassas, his native soil was wet again by the blood of the only nephews of his mother, the only sons of their mother. Holmes and Tucker Conrad, and by the blood of his own pure and beautiful brother, Lieut, Peyton Randolph Harrison. These four young men were all faithful ser- vants of God. Their lives were lovely and useful. In His fear they fought. They were sustained by His grace when they fell. The Conrads were shot at the same moment, and falling side by side, lay, as in the sleep of childhood, almost in each other's arms. The younger of them was a student of theology, and was nearly ready with glowing heart to enter on the higher service of his Lord, in the ministry of the Gospel. The noble deaths of these young men stirred the soul of Dab- NEY Harrison to its lowest depths. From the beginning of the war he had longed to share tlie hardships and dangers of his compatriots. Nothing but his sacred office held him back for a moment. But now he hesitated no longer. His mind was made up. " I must take my brother's place," lie calmly said, and noth- ing could turn him from that resolve. He left "the quiet and still air of delightful studies," left his loving people and sweet little home in Hanover, and having raised a company by great personal exertions, entered the service. Even then he would not have taken up the sword, if he had been compelled to lay down the Bible; he would not have become a captain, if he could not have remained a minister. He entered the army, believing that his usefulness, even as a ])reacher of God's Word, would be increased in that new and hazardous field. And after he became fully enlisted in his work as a soldier, no one ever saw him even for a moment give way to a bitter spirit, or heard him speak a word unbecoming a minister of Christ. Sev- eral months after he entered the service, he said, with thankful- 88 THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. [February. ness and joy, that he had not been conscious of one revengeful feeling toward our enemies. No : he would fight for his country : but he would not hate. He durst die, but not sin. Conscience, not passion, made hiin a soldier; but who does not know that conscience is mightier than passion ! His valor was, through the grace of God, without fierceness: but like steel whose heat has l)een quenched in cold waters, it was, therefore, all the firmer and keener, of higher polish and more fatal stroke. He spent the first three months after the organization of his Company, in the Camp of Instruction, near Richmond, where I was in daily intercourse with him. In addition to my pastoral duties in the city, I served as chaplain in that camp during the years 1862 and 1863. Captain Harrison was with me longer than any other minister in tiie service, and delighted to avail himself of every opportunity of aiding me in my arduous work. Whenever I was prevented by any cause from meeting ray en- gagements, he was always ready to take my place ; and I had the most abundant evidence of the efficiency of his labors, and of the gratitude of the men for his effiarts to promote their temporal and spiritual welfare. During his stay, at one time several thousand troops were sta- tioned at our camp and Captain Harrison was, of course, brought into contact with a large number of officers. Over these he exercised the most happy influence. "While no man was more inflexible in his adherence to his convictions of .duty, or more prompt to rebuke whatever he believed to be wrong in principle or in conduct, yet his manner was so conciliating, such was the candor and kindness of his dis- position, such his scrupulous respect for the rights, and regard for the feelings of others, that he rarely gave offisnce, even when he attempted to repress what he deemed culpable. The very presence of one so frank and fearless in his bearing, so delicate and refined in his tastes, so pure and elevated in his principles, was ordinarily sufficient to check any exhibitions of profanity or vulgarity ; and, withal, he was so genial in his nature, so enter- taining in his conversation, arid so obliging in his disposition, that his presence Avas never regarded as imposing an irksome re- straint, even in a company of the irreligious. " If others have shown 'How awful goodness is,' 1862.] THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 89 it was Dabney Harrison's happy province to show how ami- jible and attractive it may a2)pear, when thus ilhistrated in the life of a Christian gentleman and soldier. Wliile he remained in our camp, he moved about as one whose superiority was tacitly acknowledged without exciting ill-will or envy ; and when he left us, he was regretted as one whose place was not to be filled again. While Captain Harrison's good work extended to the surround- ing multitudes, his first anxiety was of course for his own men. He had gathered them, and given them to the service. They were to follow him, it might be, to the death. They, of all others, would see what he actually was, as a servant of his country, as a servant of his God. Therefore he sought to be, every day and in everything, an ex- ample to them. He shared their hardshij)s, and all so cheerfully, that the most despondent could hardly fail to catch some quicken- ing ray from his sunny spirit. As far as was possible, too, he ni:ide them share any comfort pertaining to his position. The inexperienced found in him a faithful guardian, the perplexed went to him freely for counsel, and all the company felt that in him they had not only a brave and gallant commander, but a true i'riend. His usefulness was like a continual dew. He gave to his soldiers new impressions of the power and sweetness of the religion of Christ, when they saw how beautifully innocence could blend with wisdom ; how the very purity of woman could consist with the valor of man, just as whiteness and enduring substance are combined in marble; and how the most uncompromising godli- ness could be interwoven with the elegance of the gentleman, while he devoutest piety but gave new fire to the ardor of the patriot. It is unnecessary to dwell on the hardships of Captain Har- rison's winter campaign in the West — hard fare and harder lodg- ing, and constant exposure to the wet and cold. Whatever he bore, many thousands bore with him ; and there are multitudes of whom that may be said, which is so true of him — no one ever saw him falter, no one ever heard him murmur. A brief extract from one of his letters may serve to show the pleasant spirit in which all these privations and annoyances were met : — " Bowling Green, Kentucky, 1 January 18, 1862. / " M\j Dear Father : — I have been forcibly reminded to-day, of an incident in Iluxton's travels. Out on a prairie he found a 90 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL [February, wretched looking man, all alone in a pouring rain, stooping over a few smouldering embers, and singing, ' How happy are we, Who from care are free . Oil ! why are not all Contented like me V ' " My tent is on a hill-side, and has a flue instead of a chimney. It rained hard all last night, has rained all of to-day, and is rain- ing yet. The water has risen in my tent, the fire has been drowned out, the floor is nearly all mud, and I have been writing all the morning in a chair stuck deep in this mud. My bed is kept out of it by some fence rails, and my larder is a basket on tlie ground at the bed's head, containing a piece of pork and a bag of flour. There is not a negro in Virginia that would not despise such lodgings, but I am 'contented.' I sleep soundly, work hard, eat heartily, and am fattening." A day or two later he writes: — "I have just finished a large stone chimney to my tent, and shall have it floored with poles to-morrow; then I shall be in great state." On Monday night, February 10th, six days before his death, he thus closes a long letter from the camp before Fort Donelson • — " Oh, how all these adventures, with their perils and deliverances, their privations and blessings, do drive us to our God ! I want no other streno-th than the Lord Jehovah ; no other Redeemer than our blessed Saviour; no other Comforter than His Holy Spirit. I believe that when we do our duty the Lord will fight for us. I feel a constant, bright, and cheery trust in Him. 1 think of my precious wife and little ones, and long for their society and caresses; but 1 am satisfied that it is right that I should be here, and I await the development of His will. I think His mercy in making us His children in spite of all our ill desert, ought to make us willing meekly to bear all that He chooses to lay upon us." Mightily as many earthly loves drew upon his soul, his Lord's love for him was more than all. He had "prepared a place" for him "in His Father's House," and now He desired his coming. Beyond the river, and before the throne. His voice M'as heard saying, " Father, I will that they whom Thou hast given Me be with Me where I am, that they may behold ]\[y glory." And then from Mount Zion, which is above, came Nvords which once isoo.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 91 sounded in thunder froin Mount Sinai ; but now they came softly, and were unheard by any mortal ear. They were words of dis- charge and blessing, breathed in music that night over the pillow of the sleeping soldier : — " Six days shalt thou labor and do all thy work; but the seventh is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God." Six days for earth and labor; only six. Then his eternal Sab- bath would begin ; rest and worship and joy forever ! The battle of Fort Doneison began on Wednesday. Tliat night was spent in throwing up breastworks. His men say that no man in the company worked harder, or did more in this heavy labor, than "the Captain." Thursday night was cold and stormy. The rain fell in torrents on the weary watchers in the trenches, and, soon changing into sleet, their clothes- froze upon them. By Friday evening. Captain Haerison's frame, never robust, gave way for a time, and he was compelled to retire to the hospital, where he lay quite sick all that night. Yet on Saturday morning, a great while before day, and against the remonstrances of his friends, he rose and returned to his command. The officer who commanded the Fifty-Sixth Regiment at this time, gave several instances of such zeal and daring on the part of Captain Harrison, that one cannot refrain from applying to him what Clarendon says of '" that incomparable young man. Lord Falkland," in his touching account of his death: — "He had a courage of the most clear and keen temper, and so far from fear, that he seemed not without some appetite of danger." " You ouglit to be braver than the rest of us," said some of his brother-officers to Captain Harrison one day, after witnessing some exhibition of his serene fearlessness in danger. " Why so ? " said he, pleasantly. " Because," said they, " you have everything settled for eternity. You have nothing to fear after death." " Well, gentlemen," said he, solemnly, after a moment's pause, " you are right. Everything is settled, I trust, for eternity, and I have nothing to fear." As the sun rose on the morning of Saturday, it saw him enter the thick of the battle, and wrestle valiantly with the foe. With dauntless heart he cheered on his men. They eagerly followed wherever he led. Their testimony is, that he never said, ''Go on," but always, " Come on," while ever before them flashed his waving sword. At length with fear and pain, they saw his firm 92 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [February. step faltering, his erect form wavering. He fell, and the fierce tide of battle swept on. It was impossible for his most devoted! men to pause. And thej best did his Avill by passing over his prostrate body, throwing themselves on the foe, and leaving him to die. "He had warred a good warfare, ever holding faith and a good conscience." Three balls had passed through his hat, without harming him ; a fourth cut his temple; a fifth passed through his right lung; and this was the fatal wound. Two incidents of his dying hours are yet to be recorded. Call- ing, about noon, for one of his manuscript books, he took a pencil, and, with a trembling hand, feebly wrote these words : — ''Feb. IQ, 1S62.— Sunday. " I die content and happy ; trusting in the merits of my Saviour Jesus ; committing my wife and children to their Father and mine. " Dabney Caer Harrison. " Precious legacy of love and prayer ! Precious testimony of faith and blessedness ! A little while before he died, he slept quietly for a few minutes. In dreams his soul wandered back to yesterday's conflict. He was again in the battle. The company for which he had toiled and prayed and suffered so much, M'as before him, and he was« wounded, — dying on the field. But even in dreams he had not lost " th' unconquerable "^'ill, And courage never to submit or yield." Starting out of sleep, he sat once more erect, an(\ exclaimed, " Company K, you have no Captain now ; but never give up ! never surrender ! " The arms of his faithful attendant received him as he rose, and now supported him tenderly as his drooping form grew heavier. With his head pillowed on a soldier's breast, he sank, peacefully as a babe, into that sleep which no visions of strife shall ever dis- turb. Thus he died, as he was born, on the Sabbath. Thus was his life bounded on either hand by the Day of God. Care and conflict came between, but a Sabbath blessing was on it all, and then he entered on the higher " Sabbath of the Lord his God, eternal in the heavens.' 1S62.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 93 As= an appropriate appendix to this sketch, and to show that neither of the brothers concerned in its preparation lield Cajit. Harrison in higher regard than any others who knew liini well, I ap{)end the following eloquent tribute to his memory, from the pen of the Rev. Josei)h M. Atkinson, of Raleigh, N. C. It is t:iken from a Southern periodical in which it was published in 18G3 :— " While our Church or our country shall survive ; while free- dom, or religion, or learning, the noblest gifts of nature, or the brightest instincts of personal or hereditary worth, shall be treas- ured among men, never will the name and the memory of tlie Rev. Dabxey Carr Harrison be forgotten, — a gentleman, a scholar, a Ciiristian, a minister, a martyr to his conscientious con- viction of public duty, and uncalculating devotion to his country. Among the illustrious worthies of ancient story, among the deified heroes of ancient song, in the golden records of Grecian ft me, in the glowing chronicles of mediaeval knighthood, in the ranks of war, in tlie halls of learning, in the temple of religion, a nobler name is not registered than his, nor a nobler spirit mourned." WM. B. RECTOR, Captain, Company I, 42d Virginia Infantry. Alfred Rector, father of Captain W. B. Rector, was a resident of Fauquier County, Virginia, He was a farmer of independent means and high respectability. Besides serving his county for many years as a magistrate, he also represented it twice in the Legislature, where he introduced and carried against much opj)osi- tion, the ISlanassas Gap Railroad Bill. He was married twice; first to Miss Sarah Grigsby, who died, leaving three daughters and two sons ; his second wife, Catharine Ayres, left only one child, a daughter. Although he survived his son for a short while, his death was believed by his family to be the result of the inhuman conduct of Federal soldiers, whose persecutions appear to have been directed against liim with distinguishing severity, becausa he persistently and bitterly refused to take tiie oath of allegiance to the United States Government. To extort that oath from hirn, he was 94 THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. [March, one day — a cold day, when the rain was tailing — taken from his , sick chamber and placed under the guard of a squad of Zouaves in the streets of Rectortown. This act of cruelty failed to accom- plish its end, but the health, of Mr. Rector, which had been feeble fur several years, declined rapidly from this time. William Baylis Rector, his eldest son, was born near the village of Rectortown, in Fauquier County, July 22, 1828. In the early years of his life he was but little restrained, pecuniarily or otherwise, by a too indulgent father, and consequently his time was chiefly spent in "fast living." But, as the sequel will show, his mind was afterwards aroused to a c:)nsciousness of its powers, and he entered upon a new career with a determination to com- mend himself to him who had, perhaps, been grieved by his extravagances. His feelings at that period of life are well ex- pressed by his own words : — " As I live," said he, " my father shall be proud to own me for his son." On the 23 J of August, 1849, when just twenty-one years of age, he married Miss Susan D., daughter of Dr. Elias Frost, of Meriden, Sullivan County, New Hampshire — a lady who com- bined rare mental endowments with her amiability of disposition and firmness of purpose. In 1851, William Rector removed, with his family, from Fauquier County to Campbell, and located at Concord Depot, on the South Side Railroad, where the beginning of the yar found him. A few years later, and he resolved to enter the legal profession. Accordingly, in December, 1858, he left his wife and several little children, and repaired to the University of Virginia, where, during the remainder of the session, he applied himself vigorously to the study of Law. The following summer he appeared before Judges Field, Robertson, and Daniel, Jr., passed satisfactorily the requisite examination, and was admitted to the bar. A new life seemed now to open before William Rector. He had a high appreciation of the noble profession which he had selected for his own ; and at the age of thirty, to the maturity of his fine intellectual powers, he added the enthusiasm of a mind, which, conscious it was beginning late the real work of life, was yet resolved to attain success. In the city of Lynchburg, and in the counties of Campbell and Appomattox, in all of whose courts he practiced, he was rapidly compassing his desire. For, in the Iggo.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 95 brief period that remained for the pursuit of peaceful avocations, he had already won a high and influential position at the bar. When the Ordinance of Secession Avas passed, although opposed to the disrupiion of the Government, he began at once to take measures to defend the action of Virginia. How well he did his duty in this new capacity may be seen from the following letter of Col. Robt. ^Y. Withers to A. Walter Ransom, Esq.:— "Lynchburg, Va,, July 1st, 1869. "My Dear Sir:— " In compliance with your request, I will endeavor to give a short account of tlie career of my much valued friend and gallant Cap- tain, Wm. B. Rector, from the 12th of July, 1861, to the 23d of March, 1862. " Capt. Wm. B. Rector, who resided in Campbell County, at Concord Depot, S. S. R. R., raised a most respectable compMuy of infantry, — 'The Campbell Guard,' — on or about the 12th July, 1861, and with it was mustered into service in the 42d Virginia Regiment of Infantry (Col. Jesse Burks commanding), at Camp Davis, near Lynchburg, about the 14th July. "On the 18tli, this command was ordered to Staunton, where it remained a short time, and then moved to Pocahontas County. Tliere, and in adjoining counties, it did hard service, but no fight- ing, in the brigade of Gen. W. W. Loring. In December it was ordered with Gen. Loring's command to Winchester, and joined the forces of Gen. Thomas L. Jackson. After remaining in camp near Winchester, until the 1st day of January, 1862, the whole command moved on the enemy, who were quartered at the Bath Springs in Morgan County. On reaching that point a light skir- mish ensued, which resulted in forcing the enemy to retire across the Potomac, near Hancock. From there our forces moved on Romney with like results. Jackson with his old command then returned to Winchester, leaving Loring with his brigade to hold Romney. "In the latter part of February, Loring, having rejoined Jack- son, was ordered South, and Col. Burks was placed in command of the briarade : Lieut. -Col. D. A. Lansfhorne of the 42d, takino- charo;e of that reg-iment. " About this time the enemy moved in heavy force against Jack- son, whose army was very small, on account of a large number of 96 THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. [March, men being absent on re-enlistment furloughs, and several com- mands having been transferred to other portions of the State. Upon the approach of the enemy, Jackson beat a liurried retreat down tlie Valley to Rude's Hill, where he halted for the night ; but the next morning he made a countermarch to Strasburg, and the day after engaged the enemy at Kernstown, about three miles south of Winchester. Here a short but sharp battle was fought, the enemy numbering some 12,000, our forces not exceeding 5000, and one regiment of that small number, the 48th Virginia, not being engaged. "The 42d Virginia was in the very heat of battle, and acted a conspicuous part in this, its first engagement. Our gallant Cap- tain Rector, here in the hottest of the fight and at close quar- ters, with his usual vim and soldierly conduct, mounted a stump, and waving his sword and shouting to his men to do their duty and render a good account of themselves, made liimself a target for the Yaukee bullet, and fell mortally Avounded by a Minie ball " A brief but glorious career! Captain Rector was destined to be of great worth to his country, but an all'wise Providence saw fit to take him from us, and that too in an all-important hour." Tiie closing scenes of his life are summed up in a letter to the sister of Captain Rector, from the Rev. B. F. Brooke, for- merly of Winchester, but now of Alleghany City, Pennsylvania. " We all knew" — wrote Mr. Brooke — " we all knew he was a brave and valiant soldier. His comrades in arms often mentioned his bravery to me, and always expressed, in enthusiastic terms, their admiration of his noble bravery in the field, as well as in private circles. He was, without doubt, a very splendid young man. He possessed extraoi'dinary powers of mind, v,-as unusually gifted with force of intellect and sound judgment ; and when these native powers were cultivated to a very high degree, he became equal to any young man of his age. He M'as generous, magnanimous, and affectionate. No man ever trusted him in vain. Had he lived, his would have been, doubtless, a career of surpass- ing brilliancy and success. He was frequently at my house Avhile in Winchester, and a more congenial spirit I never met. When leaving ns to march up the Valley, just before the battle in which he fell, he said : ' If anything happens to me, I want to be brought to your house.' l«.,io.] THE UNIVEKSITY MEMORIAL. 97 " Oa Sunday, ho went into the Kernstown fight about 5 o'clock in the afternoon. He was struck with a ball in the upper part of the head, and fell gently to the ground. One of his men, who fell wounded by his side, related to me these facts: — He asked Captain Rector, ^Are you much injured?' The Captain re- plied, 'I do not think I am mortally wounded.' A few minutes after, a Federal officer came along and removed him from the ground. Pie requested to be taken to a private house in Win- chester. 'Your request shall be granted,' said the officer. It seems, however, Captain Rector lost all consciousness before ho reached the town, and was taken to the Union Hospital, where Mrs. Page, of Clarke County, Avith other kind ladies, attended to his wants. Mrs. P. stated that he was delirious, havino^ been shot in the brain. At times he would hold her hand and call her 'Sue,' and say, 'Oh, the dear children!' He imagined his wife was with him. " On Wednesday morning, the 28th JMarch, he died ; and he was buried in the soldiers' grave-yard, just outside the town." No wonder that in his delirium he talked to his wife about his children! He had left her provided for with scrupulous care; but the dark days were now at hand, and his eight little ones — the oldest a daughter of eleven years, the youngest less than a day old — were about to be numbered among the " orphans of the war ! " At the next term — April, 1862 — of the County Court of Campbell, the following preamble and resolutions were adopted : — " Whereas, The members of this bar and the Court have heard, with deep sorrow, of the death of Captain William, Bayli^ Rector, who fell in the prime of manhood and usefulness, at the battle of Kernstown, while heroically and gallantly leading on hi^ company in the thickest of the fight, — "Beit resolved, 'ist, That in him we recognize a gentleman of high promise as a lawyer, a useful and valuable citizen, a Nvarm and generous friend, a true-hearted and jiatriotic soldier, a man who had won the full confidence and esteem of all who knew him. That in his death our Bar have lost a genial and warm-hearted associate, tlie County a valuable and enterprising citizen, and our country a brave and gallant soldier. "Ixesolved, 2d, That we deeply sympathize with his afflicted wife and children, in this sad and dark hour of their bereave- ment." . . . 7 98 ' THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [j^^ril. JOHN BAKER THOMPSON, M. A., Lieutenant-Colonel, 1st Arkansas Infantry. The materials do not exist for making a memoir of John Baker Thompson, worthy of him, yet his name should not be omitted in a list of the Alumni of the University who fell during the war; for no nobler Alumnus ever left that seat of learning, nor more gallant soldier perished in that terrible struggle. This imperfect sketch, while it caunot convey an adequate idea of its subject to those who did not know him, will at least recall his image and character to his friends, while its preparation is, to the writer, a labor of love. John Baker Thompson was the son of Hon. Lucas P. Thompson, for many years Judge of the 11th Circuit, and latterly of the Court of Appeals. His mother was Caroline Tapscott. He was born April 6th, 1834, in Amherst, Virginia, which was also the native County of his fiither and grandfather. In his childhood, his father removed to Staunton, and in the pure, tonic air and inspiring scenery of this mountain region, he grew up to manhood. Slender in figure, yet of well-knit sinews, with buoy- ant spirits, and an ardent love of nature, he delighted to tramp over the fields after game, or follow the windings of the mountain brook, in pursuit of trout. He is spoken of, by one who knew him, as "a bright, noble-hearted boy, always ready for a kind word or brave deed." Another, well competent to judge, and en- joying ample opportunities for forming an opinion, testifies that " from early childhood he gave promise of the rare endowments and admirable qualities which ripened into such rich maturity in his after years. To this day Judge Thompson's old family-ser- vants speak with the warmest affection of their ^ young master John Baker.' " His academic course was pursued at the High School, in Staunton, conducted by Pike Powers, Esq. In October, 1852, in the 19th year of his age, he entered the University of Virginia, and with apparent ease and with eclat took the degree of Master of Arts in two years. The next year he spent in teaching a school in the County of Albemarle. At this time, it is believed, he "passed from death unto life, " and became "a new creature" in Christ Jesus. His conduct, in this connec- 1362.] '-THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 99 tioii, was marked by that frankness and noble simplicity which were always strikingly characteristic of him. The general thought- fulness upon religious subjects, which he had for some time felt, having deepened into a conviction of personal guilt and sinful- ness, he rode to the University, and sought the room of one who had often manifested an interest in his religious welfare. His countenance and tones, and unusually warm grasp of the hand, sliowed that his heart was full, and without delay or introductioc, iie said that he felt himself a sinner, and had come to be prayed with and directed. The next year he was appointed Professor of Mathematics in Kenyon College, Ohio. " He was soon compelled by ill health to resign his position, but not till he had won golden opinions from its officers and all with whom he was associated." It is an inter- esting fact that, while at Kenyon College, he not only lay at the point of death, but was reported to be dead. But his work was not done. He was yet to make his life sublime. , With a view to the restoration of his health, he went to South America in the position of Captain's clerk, under Capt. PIuU of the St. Lauireiice. He was absent from the United States about nine months. During this period, which was one of comparative leisure, he corresponded freely with his friends. One of his let- ters written in metre and in playful style, could it be produced here, would give a better idea than any description can do, of the sprightliness of his mind and the genial warmth of his nature. We insert at this place an extract from a letter from him, addressed to the writer. It is dated " U. S. F. St. Lawrence, ) At Sea, Hay 2lst, 1857. \ " My situation is such that I must either not write at all, or else be quite egotistical. I will endeavor to give you a short account of what I have been doing since I saw you, hoping you will look on it with the same feelings with which I would behold a very long account of your own experiences. ]\Ey health fluctuated all last year until the Fall, when it became so bad, notwitlistanding my very strenuous exertions to maintain it, that I accepted the post of Captain's clerk under Capt. Hull, of the St. Lawrence (he is nephew of Commodore Hull of ' Constitution and Guerriere' memory). I left tlie I^. S. in October, and was very unwell with 100 THE UIS'IVEESITY MEMOEIAL. [April, pleurisy at starting. I never suffered so much, as during the first three weeks of our voyage. The fare was bad, the accommoda- tions wretched, the weather miserable, my body in constant pain, and my messmates always drinking, swearing, and singing ril)ald songs. I must do them the justice to say that they were all very kind to me. Everything, however, gradually became better. The drinking and singing ceased by degrees, and now everything is even orderly. After about fifty days, we arrived in Rio de Janeiro. The limits of this letter will not permit me to give you a minute description of Rio. It is a city of 250,000 inhabitaiits. It is built on mere rocks, and some of its streets resemble winding- stairs. They are all narrow and filthy. The people of Rio are mongrel, and of a diseased appearance. They speak a corrupt Portuguese. They enjoy considerable religious liberty and great political freedom. There are but few Protestants in Rio, and they principally temporary residents, constituting one small congrega- tion. The scenery about the city is exquisite. It is entirely sur- rounded by mountains not very lofty, but very rugged and pictur- esque. The harbor is said to be the next to that of Naples in beauty. We formed no acquaintances with any of the high families of Brazil. They are very exclusive, and particularly so to ' Americans,' some of our former officers on this station having brought discredit on our name by their excesses. " Tlie fever having broken out in Rio, we went to Montevideo, a city on the Rio de la Plata, of about 40,000. We were well pleased Avith this place, and well received. I formed the ac- quaintance of some of the first families, and had the pleasure of talking Spanish with the noblesse. After studying Spanish all the cruise, I found it very easy to converse with the Spanish ladies. However, the fever broke out in Montevideo as violently as it ever did in Cuba, and we were compelled to go to Maldonado, another town of Uruguay, where we stayed several weeks. Here too we had a pleasant time. The hunting (and you know that's a weakness of mine) is most delightful. Four of us, one day, killed five deer, and an ostrich six and a half feet high. The girls of Maldonado visited our ship in force one evening. The Mayor gave our officers a ball the same da}'. They danced till Sunday morning. This the Spaniards regard as the best day for amuse- ments of all sorts. We left Maldonado shortly afterwards, and returned to Montevideo for the mail. The fever was on the 1S62.-1 THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 101 increase. We lay there a week, but escaped it. We then re- turned to Rio, and found the fever still there. We lay there also more than a week, and then came out here on a cruise for exercise. Here we lie now, perfectly careless whether we have a breeze or not, just living at sea because it is healthy and gives an oppor- tunity to exercise in target-firing, &g. We are about 80 miles from Rio, and can return in a few houis with a good breeze. The sea looks like glass, and for hours after a vessel passes, her wake is distinctly visible, resembling a road over a prairie. The swell of the sea makes it appear to be winding over gentle hills. Yesterday I stood on the poop and heard the billows booming on the precipitous rocks nearly twenty miles distant. I jiass my time very agreeably reading law, studying modern languages, playing chess, &c. My duties are^ — 0, almost. I have learned Portuguese, and read the Luriad of Camoens. I am now learning Italian. I read a good many French books, and find that this great variety of studies prevents all ennui. " My health is rather moderate, but yet I should be quite pleased to be always able to undergo as much as at present. I know it is much better to be afflicted with bad health, and am so utterly con- vinced of it that I have no room for that faith in the dealings of Providence that afflictions are intended to perfect. Would it not be better if I could say, ' I know not why I should suffer, but God has reasons for afflicting me and I acquiesce,' than to say, ' I plainly see that I am ever disposed to be too much attracted by the trifles of time, and that sickness makes me more thoughtful and more attentive to the things of eternity, and therefore I will try and cheerfully submit'?" In the summer of '57, Mr. Thompson returned to the United States, still delicate, but much invigorated, and with a new lease of life. He now addressed himself again to wonc, and became an Instructor in the Albemarle Female Institute, Charlottesville, in which the curriculum was as extensive, and the standard as high as in our colleges. Besides himself, three other Mastei'S of Arts of the University were in the Faculty, viz.,, John Hart, W. N. Bron- augh and Crawford H, Toy. He also filled the position of Li- centiate Professor in the University. One intimately associated with him at this period says, " His ability and success in this in- struction were marked." In June, 1858, he was married to Miss Alice Powers (the eldest daughter of Pike Powers, Esq.,) of 102 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [April Staunton, between whom and himself an attachment had existed for years. In 1859, he became a candidate for the Professorship of Latin in the Universitj of Virginia, a position which he wonkl have adorned. Pie "vvas, however, not elected, and the same year accepted the Presidency of St. John's College, Little Rock, an in- stitution established by the Free Masons of Arkansas. Here he continued until the breaking out of the war, laboring earnestly and with signal success, in building up that infant institution. While the dark war-cloud was rising over the land, his own life was darkened by the death of his wife, a woman of singularly pure spirit, vigorous intellect and elegant accomplishments, in every way worthy of him. She died in the hope of the Gospel of Christ ; but the stricken husband, though bearing the blow Avith manly fortitude and Christian resignation, felt that life had now, for him, lost its charm and brightness. Early in '61 President Thompson resigned his office, and was elected Major of the 1st Arkansas Regiment. On reaching A^ir- ginia with his regiment, his health was so feeble that he was urged by his physician to leave the service, " but his frail and suffering body was the abode of a spirit too gallant, too unselfish, too ardent in its patriotism and its devotion to truth and justice, to remain idle while others w^ere fighting in defence of a bleeding country." The 1st Arkansas was encamped near the Potomac wdien sum- moned to Manassas, to participate in the battle impending there. By a march which compares well Avith any subsequently made by Stonewall Jackson's famous " foot cavalry," they ai'rived in time, " but, though under fire for awhile, were not called into action till too late to share much of the dangers and glories of that memorable day." The writer remembers the solicitude manifested at this time by Major Thompson for the religious welfare of his men. He also recollects, with pleasure, evidences -which the young officer gave of his appreciative interest in "things unseen and eternal." This remark is recalled, as made by him, in conversation (though the date of the conversation is not certainly remembered), that in heaven one would never weary or suffer from ennui, as he Avould have the infinite God, in contemplating and worshipping w-hom the soul would find ample scope for the exercise of both its facul- ties and affections. "While Mr. Thompson had, perhaps, from ill health and bereave- 1862} THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. - lOo menl and the troubles of the country, lost that buoyancy wliicli had formerly chatacterized him, he was far from gloomy. On the contrary, though he seemed neither to expect nor to desire long life, lie was bright and cheerful, and entered Avith interest into all that concerned others. Pie Avas, if possible, more than ever before, a delightful companion, chastened and mellowed, but not soured or morbidly sad. If he was, and felt himself to be near the con- fines of the eternal world, its light rather tlian its shadow fell upon his soul. He presented a striking illustration of the truth that those who ''remember their Creator in the days of their youtli," while tliey may see "evil days" — as indeed all must do in this world — will never say of any, however sad, that they " have no pleasure .in them." In the spring of '62, at Major Thompsok's request, the regi- ment was transferred to Tennessee, and on its reorganization he was elected Lt.-Colonel. His reason for seeking this transfer was the hope of seeing more active service. While he would have been resigned to God's will, he felt a horror of dying by inches of pulmonary disease, and longed, if it might be so, to fall on the battle-field. This, God in mercy vouchsafed to him. Under date of Corinth, Miss., April 9th, 1862, Col. Fagan writes as follows to Judge Thompson : — "We had a tremendous fight on the 6th and 7th, near the Ten- nessee River. Col. Thompson fill on the 6tli, while gallantly leading the right in an attack upon a strong position of the enemy. He was struck by seven bullets, and died on the 8tli inst. He was one of my dearest and truest friends, and I have no l:ino"ua<»'e with which to express to you my keen sense of his loss. He died, as he had always wished to do, on the field of battle, and at the head of his command." It is comforting to read, in this connection, the following letter, written by Col. Thompson, in anticipation of his fall : — "Near Monterey, TexNn., '' Night of April 4, 1862. " My Dear Father : — I write by the light of our bivouac fire. We expect, by God's help, a glorious victory to-morrow. If I should not see you again, take the assurance that I trust in God to be prepared for all. Day after to-morrow is my birthday. Love to all. Your devoted Son, Jno. B. Thompson." 104 - THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. [April, On that birthday, he fell. It was "as he had always wished." Two days after, he died. It is hard to think of him suffering, dying, far away from liome and loved ones. But he was "pre- pared for all" this — and not this only, but, what is infinitely more important, " prepared for all " beyond. Rev. Crawford H. Toy, Professor of Hebrew and Old Testa- ment Interpretation, in the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, Greenville, South Carolina, and for some time intimately associated with the subject of this sketch, writes as follows : — " Mr. Thomp- son was, for his age, a learned man. After taking his degree at the University of Virginia, he devoted all the time which his health permitted, to study, and his classical and mathematical at- tainments were uncommonly great. At the age of twenty-five, he was able to grasp the most difiicult problems of the Calculus, and if he had prosecuted the subject, would have made his mark as a mathematician, while his classical scholarship was sufficient to justify him in becoming a candidate for the Chair of Latin in the University, his failure being due to no lack of confidence in his ability. His mind was eminently analytic, and his discussions of rhetoric were marked by independence of thought and clearness. We have never seen any account of Figures of Speech which we regarded as so able as his, especially his distinction between Simile, Metaphor and Allegory, and his explanation of Parable; an ac- count which we think was published, and which we believe would be useful to teachers of rhetoric, as well as to students of the Bible. The same acuteness he showed in all his discussions. " His friendship with W. N. Bronaugh is described in the memoir of the latter. He was thoroughly true and amiable, a Virginia gentleman, his external polish setting forth a refined mind. He lived and died a Christian. In the darkest hour of his life, when his wife was taken from him, he did not lose his trust in God, but only clung to Him more closely. His exemplary conduct, his steady performance of Christian duty, were the results of his firm faith in the Saviour." It is not known that Mr. Thompson ever practised the art of public speaking. It is, however, quite certain that he possessed abilities which would have made him an effective speaker, had he ever turned his attention to it. A speech which ha wrote out and delivered as the " Monthly Oration," before the Jefferson Society at the University of Virginia, the writer remembers reading, and 1862.] THE UNIVEKSITY MEMOKIAL. 105 also the favorable impression it made upon him, especially for its apt and brilliant illustrations drawn from natural science. As an author, he would have excelled. At the request of the writer, he comjiosed a tale which, for original conception, graphic description, and graceful style, was of high order. Its point consisted in a young lawyer's success, from his knowledge of a somewhat recondite fact in natural history, in clearing a man under trial for murder, and with overwhelming circumstantial evidence against him. There was also a modicum of love and conspu'acy. Certainly, the story was told with power and was deeply interesting. It was never published, the author iu all probability regarding it as a mere trifle ; but it would have adorned any magazine in the land. A few facts and incidents are subjoined, as illustrative of his character. During his first year at the University, while entirely moral and regular in his life, he, on a single occasion, in a convivial scene, drank to such an extent as to show it in his manner, though he by no means lost his gentlemanly sense. With returning soberness came not merely poignant remorse, but a better feeling, which led him to seek a Christian friend and ask his pardon if he had offended or grieved him by aught said or done while he was not perfectly himself. A single lapse of this sort, in a youth amid the temptations of the University, is venial. It might even be dne to qualities, in themselves for the most part lovely and love- able ; but the course he pursued after it seems to us to indicate a soul of the purest and noblest type. Another incident illustrates his readiness to stand up for the true and the right. A certain youth was ill, and being visited by a religious student, who was a friend of Mr. Thompson, gladly welcomed religious conversation and prayer. Subsequently he recovered, became ashamed of the fears felt in the prospect of death, and even went so far as to refer to the visit and religious services as intrusive and distasteful to him. Mr. Thompson, who was cognizant of the facts of the case, promptly stated them, and defended his friend from the unworthy imputation. In the spring of 1858 the writer spent two* bright, happy days with Mr. Thompson, fishing for trout in the streams near Buffalo Gap. The night Avas spent at a simple country inn, kept by an old lady whose shrewd wit was infinitely entertaining. One of 106 THE UNIA'EKSITY MEMORIAL. [April, the party, perhaps expecting to be favored with a glass of cream, remarked at supper on tb.e richness of the cream, adding that cream was liis weakness, to which tlie hostess replied dryly, that she sup- posed everybody had a weakness for cream. This little incident, exciting a smile at the moment, was heartily laughed at when the bed-room Avas reached, and often afterwards by those interested. On the afternoon of the second day, the party spent some hours on the high embankment near the Gap, waiting for the t;ain. A fine view, principally of mountains, is had from this point, and the sportsmen employed themselves in surveying carefully portions of the landscape, and then seeking, either with closed eyes or averted face, to reproduce the scene to themselves and to paint it by words. Mr. Thompson ^vas a skilled angler, having been from childhood a zealous disciple of Izaak Walton, but his companion was inex- perienced and inexpert. Still the latter, contrary to all rule, had been quite successful, though he had often thrown the fish into queer places and gotten his line hopelessly entangled. This too was a source of exquisite amusement to Mr. Thompson, who afterwards remarked that the trout must have respected the cleri- cal office, as they bit contrary to all precedent. He also drew a pencil-sketch of the preacher-angler in the brush, with his pole perpendicular, his hook caught in the top of a tree, and a trout turned into a flying-fish and soaring to the sky. He had a lively sense of the ludicrous, and was extremely witty, but his good taste and kindness of heart were such that he never aimed a shaft to wound. • Repeated reference has been made to Mr, Thompson's diligence and success as a student. The truth is, whatever he did, he did with enthusiasm, and, therefore, well. In every department in which he labored, he was, in the true sense of that word, an ama- teur. He loved his work, and never did it mechanically. Thus, while stern, bloody war was repugnant to his heart, yet having engaged in it as a duty, he studied it as a fine art, and devoted all his spare time, even when at home, " on sick leave," to the study of tactics and military science. A few months before the breaking out of the Avar, Mr. Thomp- son Avas in Staunton, Avhen union prayer-meetings Avere held in the Town-Hall, with reference to the state of the country. As is usual, there Avere but few persons, besides the pastor, Avho Avere willing to lead in prayer. On one occasion, the conductor of the 1862.] THE UNtVeKSITY MEMORIAL. 107 meeting called upon Mr. Thompson to pray. The luiU Avas crowded with people of all denominations and of no religions persuasion ; and the position, to a young man who had never prayed in public was an embarrassing one; indeed, some even thought it at least ill-judged in the leader to place him in it. However this may have been, Mr. Thompson seemed to feel it his duty to "stand up for Jesus," and therefore, though it was doubtless a cross, did not decline, but made a fervent and appro- priate prayer. Had he lived, there is reason to believe that to a pure, upright Christian life, he would have added special activity in the various departments of Christian labor. As it was, he never hesitated to let it be known where he stood, and what master he served. We close this inadequate sketch with a quotation from a just and beautiful tribute paid to Col. Thompson, by Mr. Powers. " He has passed to a higher stage of action, and has left us a love saddened by no reproach, a memory tarnished by no stain, and an admiration dimmed by no defect. A brighter, purer, loftier spirit has seldom, if ever, passed from this troubled and stormy scene to the realms of light and peace. With a mind equal to any subject, he had reaped almost every field of knowl- edge, and stored up its fruits to be given to the use and pleasure of others with the readiest kindness and most unpretending sim- plicity. Soaring with the wisest in their loftiest flights, he dis- dained not to lead the child, with gentle affection and with patient assiduity, along the humble walks of elementary knowledge. In all the relations of life he was most exemplary. No son more dutiful, no brother more affectionate, no husband more tender, no friend more fiiithful, no patriot more devoted, no soldier more heroic : and the charm of his beautiful character was that, while all acknowledged, none were oppressed by his superiority. His modest dignity, his ready sympathy, his admirable judgment and his remarkable power of adaptation, made him the cherished and favorite of all, high and low, learned and unlearned alike, like the blessed sunshine which, though brighter than everything else, is ever welcomed and loved because it cheers and gladdens all on Avhom it falls. And to crown all, he was an humble, consistent and devoted Christian. ... By the power of religion, he was even patient and unmurmuring in all the suffering of protracted disease ; in the trials and disappointments of a chequered life, and 108 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [April, the terrible agony of his last and greatest misfortnne, the loss of a beloved wife, of whom it is enongh to say that she was worthy to be the companion of'snch a man. * Lovely in their lives, in their death, they were' scarcely 'divided.' 'The memory of the just is blessed, and such men as Col. Thompson, though removed, are not lost to us. The light of their glorious example and the mem- ory of their beautiful life, point us to all that is true, and beautiful, and good. ' They fell devoted but undying ; The very gale their name seems sighing; Their spirits wrap the dusky mountain, Tlieir memory sparkles o'er the fountain ; The meanest rill, the mightiest river Rolls mingling with their names forever." DR. CHARLES O. SHELTON, Assistant Surgeon, Guiber's Battery, Department of the West. Charles Oscar Shelton was born in St. Louis, Missouri, Dec. 27, 1835. His parents, John G. Shelton and Mary W. Shelton, were natives of Virginia. As a boy, he evinced a strong predilection for books; his fond- ness for study rendering him a favorite with his teachers, while his genial disposition and high sense of honor endeared him to his asso- ciates. As a man, he was quiet and undemonstrative, even retiring in manner, yet with a bearing distinguished for courtesy to all. His preparation for College M^as made at the St. Louis English and Classical High School, then under the conduct of Mr. Edward Wyman, a gentleman of enviable reputation for scholarly attain- ments. In the autumn of 1854, he came to Virginia — still cher- ished by his parents as the land of their birth — and in October he quietly settled down as a student at the University. Here his stay had more of the air of permanence than is usual even with those students who remain longest at College. Having taken up his quarters in No. 9 West Lawn, he did not change his dormi- tory during the four years of his residence at the University. There was an atmosphere of comfort about his room, and in tlie man an apparent satisfaction with all his surroundings, which sug- srested to visitors that he felt that he was at home. The circle of 1S62.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 109 his acquaintances was small, that of his associates much smaller. Tin's fact was due rathflowers ; but he has the pleasing assurance that he will rest in a laud hallowed by his efforts in the cause of liberty. If I fall, I only ask that you would, should it be pos- sible, visit the scenes of my soldier life and the spot which marked its close." His character for intellectual and moral worth is thus portrayed by one who, having been his school-mate, knew him intimately in his early life : — " JoxES was always what everybody would call ' a good boy.' ille was the first member of the family to become religious. At the age of thirteen he joined the Big Creek Baptist Church, near Carrolton, Alabama, and from this date his life was that of a pious and consistent Christian. While a mere boy, right was the great governing princij)le. If convinced that a certain course was right, he would persist in it with a modest firmness which would have done honor to one of riper years. On the other hand, he would, I believe, have died a martyr rather than pursue a course which iie believed to be wrong, especially if it were a matter of con- 166 THE UNIVEKSITY MEMORIAL. [June, science or religion. This is saying much, I ara aware, but not too much for the moral courage of this noble boy; he was of the stuff of which martyrs are made. As a Christian, he even then exerted a positive moral influence, which was felt amid our sports and duties at school, as well as in his own family at home. "An incident which occurred somewhat later than the period just referred to, will illustrate his pious .thoughtfulness — his Christian courage. Near the time of our separation for college — for we attended different institutions — I spent a night with him. We sat up late and talked, among other things, of the dangers and temptations incident to college-life. Just before we retired he picked up his Bible, and with much feeling remarked: — 'It is my custom to read a chapter and pray before retiring. I want you to read, and lead in prayer to-night. Don't refuse.' Although I had never led in prayer before, his earnestness and deep solem- nity inclined me to yield to his request. After prayer was offered, he arose, and, with tears in his eyes, embraced me, expressing his delight at my compliance with his request and willingness to bear the cross as a Christian. I was deeply impressed at the time by this incident, and have often thought of it since. " He went first to the University of Alabama, then to tiie University of Virginia. While at both places, his letters bore the mark of a uniform and modest piety. I met him at home during his vacations. The topics and character of his conversa- tion, and the books with which he was most familiar, showed plainly that his piety had not suffered from the circumstances in which he had been placed. " This same religious constancy followed him through the trials of the soldier's life. As illustrative of this, the following, related by a reliable comrade in arms, is pertinent : — While we Avere at Mechanicsville, awaiting Jackson's signal-gun, an officer indulged pretty freely in remarks which smacked strongly of infidelity. He had silenced those whom he had been more directly address- ing, and appeared to be ' master of the field.' Jones, who had been an attentive but silent listener, modestly asked permission to say something in defence of Ciiristianity. He began in a low, conversational tone to answer all that had been said. As he pro- gressed he became more and more interested in his subject, until his whole soul was aroused, and quite a crowd had gathered around and were eagerly listening. The result was that the 1S62.] THE UNIVEESITY MEMOKIAL. 167 officer was astonished and silenced, and they wlio had not pre- viously known the speaker, were inquiring who the little fellow was that had made such a defence of Christianity. "This incident illustrates not only his n)oral and religious character, but also that of his mind. One is ready to infer from it that he must have possessed siqierior mental powers. Such was the fact; though a boyish, yet not undignified reserve hid from the superficial observer or transient acquaintance the intellectual worth of tills young man. In him the mental and the moral were hap- pily blended. The quick and retentive memory, the correct •judgment, the delicate taste, susceptible of the highest degree of refinement, all characteristic of his vigorous and grasping mind, were sweetly harmonized by the spirit of fervid but unpretentious piety of tliis Christian soldier." A siiort time after the incident related above, the signal-gun was heard, and the command to march forward was given. The champion of the Christian religion went bravely forth to the defence of his country. The result is known. In accordance with his frequently expressed wishes, his remains have never been removed. His couch was sj)read on the field of battle, and the soldier still '' rests in a land hallowed by his efforts in the cause of liberty." JOHN TYLER REDWOOD, Private, Albemarle Artillery. John T. Redwood was the son of William Henry Redwood, of INlobile, Alabama. He was born in that city, A})ril 13, 1841. During his youth he lived four years with his uncle. Dr. LeRoy Anderson, in Sumpter County, and attended school from his res- idence. From Sumpter he was transferred to Virginia, and placed ill the school of Samuel Schooler, M. A., at Etlge Hill. Here, too, he remained four years, and during this period connected himself with the Episco^jal Church. From Mr. Schooler's he went, in October, 1860, to the University of Virginia. In the spring of 'Gl he wont with the company of students to Harper's Ferry, and after its return he obtained permission to 168 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [June, enter the Virginia Military Institute. Here, however, his stay was short, for we find him in July with Gen. Johnston in the upper valley of Virginia, whence he followed hitn to the first battle of Manassas. By direction of the President he Avas honor- ably discharged from the service during the summer, and in the following October he returned to College. During this session he was distinguished at the intermediate examinations in the Senior Class of Latin and the Intermediate Class of Mathematics ; but before its close he was in the field again. In the spring of '62 he joined the " Albemarle Artillery." This company, after drilling a while in Richmond, was ordered to Yorktown, whence it retired with Johnston to Richmond. During the battles which soon after occurred, this battery being without field-pieces, was on duty at the fortifications about the city, and consequently did not participate in them. On the morning of June 27, Tyler Redwood, wishing to find the 3d Alabama regiment, obtained permission of his Cap- tain to go in search of it. Failing to find it, he joined a Georgia regiment, and went into the battle of Cold Harbor, where he was severely wounded in the ancle. From the field he was removed to the city and placed in the Richmond Female Institute, then used as a hospital. The foot was amputated, but during the month of July the soldier died. His father, and one of his brothers, — who also afterwards fell — were with him in his last (lays. He was buried from the Monumental Church, of which he had been a member since his school days at Edge Hill. An aged mother says of him, in her sorrowing, that he was a conscientious boy, a devoted and affectionate son, and a bright Christian. WILLIAM B. PEAKE, Private, "Montpelier Guards," Co. A, lath Va. Infantry. William Benjamin Peake was the eldest son of James B. and Lucy Jenkins Peake, and was born at Twyraan's Store, Spot- sylvania County, Virginia, December 11, 1833. His fiither was a well-to-do country merchant, and his mother the daughter of jgy.j-j . THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 169 Benjamin Jenkins, Esq., a highly respected farmer residing in tlie vicinity, , Having passed through the usual routine of country schools, he sought and obtained, while yet a mere boy, a situation in a com- mercial house in the city of Richmond ; this he afterwards ex- changed for a clerkship in the office of the Richmond Whig. The duties of this position were not, however, congenial to his tastes; he was, besides, anxious to secure better mental training than he had received in the common schools, and accordingly, after a short stay in Richmond, probably a year, he entered Rapj)ahannock Academy, and took. up the study of the classics, with a view to preparation for a course at college. In the fall of 1854 he entered the University of Virginia, and continued there during two consecutive sessions. He accomplished little at college; and yet he was a remarkably gifted young man. He acquired rapidly, but was impatient of the constant and pro- longed application which ensured success. His conversational powers were brilliant, and, following the natural bent of his mind, he pursued a course of reading which contributed to his excellence in this direction. While others, aspiring to the honors of the University, were delving over etymologies and conning hard con- structions, he M'as tracing with some pleasant historian the route of the armies of antiquity. For the Greek plays he substituted the modern drama, and instead of racking his brain with the abstractions of Mathematics and Moral Philosophy, he revelled with the English wits. His abilities would have justified his friends in expecting him to be successful either upon the stage or as a popular essayist. His descriptions of persons and of scenes were so vivid that his language might be called 'pictiircsque. Humor, inherited through his mother, pervaded feis entire being, and discovered itself everywhere and in everything — in the ex- pression of his face, in the tone of his voice, in the simplest gesture. Without an effort he became the centre of every group, and without a word he would often hold a crowd long convulsed with laughter. While at the University he received a proposal to remove to the West and engage in the business of a teacher. Upon his arrival in Missouri he was not pleased with the prospects of the school, and declining to engage in it, agreed to go as draughtsman with a surveying party to Nebraska Territory. In this service 170 THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. [June, he suffered both from the severity of the climate and from the dishonesty of his Yankee employer; he was defrauded of his earnings, and almost without resources, returned to Kansas City. Here an emigrating party had just been formed to go to Arizona, and Willie Peake, always ready for bold adventure, joined it. But, when the party reached JLl Paso, he abandoned it to become distributer to the Overland Mail Company from that point to Arizona. In this connection iiis financial experience was not more satisfactory, and disgusted with the fair promises and foul performances of his patrons, he returned to his native Virginia. In a few months after his return, the signs of political trouble were unmistakable. Willie watched them with intense concern, for his love of country amounted almost to a weakness. When a child, he had delighted most of all in the histories of the American Eevolution, and he gloated over the recital of British defeats. When thus rejoicing, one day, at the triumphs of the Continental forces, a gentleman said to him, "But, Willie, how do you like it when our men get whipped?" "Oh!" replied he, *' I don't read that part of the book; I skip over and read on." The instinctive childish patriotism that thrilled him then with pride in his country's success and glory, was but the logical antecedent of his indignation, as he contemplated the wrongs of the Southern States at the hands of the General Government. He became an advocate of Secession, and warmly urged it as the policy most honorable for A^irginia. And when his State withdrew from the Union, Willie, unlike some of those in his own vicinity who had claimed to be " original secessionists,'^ showed his faith by his works. Being a resident at that time of Orange, he joined the "Mont- pelier Guards," an old volunteer comjjany of the county, and set out on the 17th of April to Harper's Ferry. Thenceforward, until his death, his life was an offering to his country. No company achieved for itself a nobler name during the war, than did the Montpelier Guards. It formed part — was Com- pany A — of the 13th Virginia Infantry, whose name was a synonym for gallantry, and whose first commander was A. P. Hill. Its dead sanctify many a field of battle, from First Manassas to Appomattox; while its living heroes, wounded and maimed, still awaken sad memories of the past. Lewis B. Williams, its first I8f,2-| THE TJNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 171 Captain, rose to the rank of Colonel, and fell at Gettysburg; Champ Cook, a beardless veteran, met his death while leading his company at First Cold Harbor; and Wilson Newman, "first among his equals," received his mortal wound at Winchester ; Thomas AVilroy shared a like fortune, while those of the rank and file, subordinate in this only, illustrated a courage not often equaled, perhaps never surpassed. Sergeant Thomas Littleton Goodwyn, John W. Moore, Ned Fry, George Martin Burruss, with his two brothers, Robert and Joseph, Ira S. and his brother L. Tandy Brockman, Alexander Thomas, Robert D. Powell, Hugh Powell, Asa Brockman, Richard Bernard, Hugh Atkins, Thomas Bledsoe, Marcellus Robinson, Robert Rogers, Halsey, Sizer, and others, sleep in soldiers' graves. In this company Willie Peake had an honorable name, and with what remains of it his memory is still fragrant. For his aptness for figures he was assigned to duty as a Commissary Ser- geant, a position which he held a greater part of his military life, but he not unfrequently volunteered to take his musket when the long-roll was sounded. Under Jackson, he participated in the battles of Front Royal and Winchester, and in the fight with Fre- mont he served as courier for General Elzey. When Jackson hastened from the Valley to help defend Richmond against McClellan, the route of his army brought Willie close to his father's house. He had then given up his office and gone back to the ranks, and he was urged, importuned, to stop and see his family. But he replied that no consideration could induce him to leave his command at that time; that no one should doubt his devotion to the cause he had espoused. And, " True to the last of his blood aucl his breath, Like a reaper he descended to the harvest of death." At Cold Harbor his heart was pierced by a bullet. A short time after his remains were brought home; funeral services were held at Mt. Hermon, the church of his youth, by the Rev. Herndon Frazer, his father's venerable pastor; and in sight of the home where he first saw the light, the soldier was laid away to his rest. While living, his character was imperfectly understood by most persons who knew him. Said a gentleman who, of all his friends, knew him probably most thoroughly: — "A seeming recklessness and indifference of manner led many to think him incapable of 172 THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. ..,„,, warm emotion or enduring attachment. But they mistook him; the light and frivolous bearing was not unfrequently the mask of a sad and sometimes over-sensitive spirit. Underneath Mas the deep current of warm friendship and lasting affection for those who had won his regard." He who can die for his country can love his friends. BENJ. C. GARLINGTON, Liieutenant-Colonel, 3d South Carolina Infantry. Benjamin Conway Garlington, third son of John and Susan W. Garlington, of Laurens Court House, South Carolina, was born November 4, 183G. He received his early education in the village academy at Laurens, taught iirst by Prof. Robert Garlington, and afterwards by the Rev. T. E. Wannamaker, who prepared him for the Sophomore Class in the South Carolina Col- lege. Entering this institution at an early age, he was a diligent student, and gave promise of graduating with distinction ; but in 1856 an unfortunate collision occurred between some of the stu- dents and the police, which resulted in a temporary suspension of College exercises. With this disturbance, however, young Gar- lington was in no way connected, and accordingly, wishing to pursue his studies quietly, he sought and obtained from the Faculty a certificate of honorable withdrawal. In the fall of 1857 he became a student in the academic course at the University of Virginia, where he enjoyed the full confidence and respect of his Professors and fellow-students. After spending a pleasant vaca- tion at his home during the following summer, he returned at the opening of the session of 1858-59, and devoted himself to the study of Law. He had just been admitted, in Columbia, to the Courts of South Carolina, and had returned home with the inteu- tion of opening an office in his native village, when a call was made by the Governor of the State for soldiers to defend her borders from an invading foe; and this gallant young man was among the first to offer himself and the noble company of "State Guards," of which he was Captain. The offer was, of course, accej^ted, and the State Guards became, 1802.] \ THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 173 when nmstered into the service of tlie Confederate States, Com- pany A, oil South Carolina Infantry. From the bombardment of Fort Siimpter to the battles around Richmond in 1862, Captain Garlingtox was not absent, even once, from the post of duty. Such attention to his command, such devotion to the sacred cause in which he was engaged, could not fail to produce its legitimate results. It was no moan compliment, therefore, when, upon a reorganization of the regiment, he was elected Lieutenant- Colonel. In this command, one of the most efficient in material, drill, and discipline, he bore the reputation of an officer of rare and extraordinary promise. At the battle of Savage Station, June 29, 1862, he fell mortally wounded, and died on the field. In the charge in wliicli he lost ids life, it is said thai he was conspicuouly prominent, moving hither and thither, animating and encouraging his men. And when his vitals had been pierced by a minie ball, he announced with the coolest intrepidity his condition to those around him, and then urged them forward with the words, " Charge, boys, charge ! Forward, my brave men ! " When night came on, and General Sumner had withdrawn across White Oak Swamp, Colonel Gaelington's comrades found Jiim lying perfectly straight upon his back, with his hands folded upon his breast, and his sword standing with the point in the ground by his side ! How cool and self-possessed must have been his mind at that time ! His attitude and features bespoke no thought of fear, or even pain, so calm was he in that awful death- hour, when left alone with his God ! Colonel Gaklt]sgton was a man of high promise, both in the profession which he had chosen and in that which was thrust upon him by the event of the war. That he was efficient in the school of the soldier, and in all the high qualities of the officer, those of his gallant command who survive, will testify. That he was pos- sessed of the truest courage, the circumstances of his death abun- dantly prove. Had he been permitted to consummate tlie lif; that was opening before him, he must, with abilities that fitted him for the field and the forum, have taken a position in his State among the most honored of her sons. His aged parents, two brothers, Creswell and Stobo, of Laurens, and two sisters, Mrs. John L. Young, of Union, and Mrs. 11. \V. Simpson, of Pendleton, South Carolina, are left to mourn his loss. 174 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [June, Of the four brothers who at once, and together, answered their country's call, only the two above-named remain. John, the youngest, after passing safely through the first battle of Manassas, those around Richmond, and those of the Maryland campaign, fell at Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862 — fell, no less beloved, no less regretted than his older and more distinguished brother, under whom he enlisted. The two brothers lie buried side by side in the village grave- yard, at Laurens, the removal of their bodies from the battle-fields affording a melancholy pleasure to their bereaved parents. And these, while called upon, thus, to mourn the early deaths of those whose lives would have given them the highest earthly comfort, have still all the consolation that can spring from the sympathy of the public, from the pure characters of the deceased, and from the reflection that to fall in defence of an imperiled country is not to die meanly. Colonel Garlington was grandson of Edwin Garlington and great-grandson of Christopher and Elizabeth Conway Garlington, of Lancaster county, Virginia. On the maternal side, he was great-grandson of Richard Parke Stobo, of South Carolina, who was a grandson of the Rev. Archibald Stobo, a Presbyterian cler- gyman who landed in Charleston from Scotland, in the year 1700. His mother's father was Benjamin James, of Laurens, third son of John James, of Stafford county, Virginia. His rela- tives in the Old Dominion are numerous, including such names as the Conways, Moncures, Howes, Vowleses, and Washingtons. He was a man of commanding form, handsome face, and elegant manners ; possessed a clear and vigorous intellect, and was a graceful speaker. Long will his friends remember his last address to the ''State Guards," before they left their homes for the uncertain field — and especially the quotation referring to their return, " And we'll come back in glory, Or come not again ! " Sad indeed is the remembrance that he "came not again." Reared in the lap of affluence, gr-atified in all his wishes, so far as consisted with his best interests, beloved by all, his young life was as a sunbeam, shedding light and happiness on those who came within its influence. In the social circle he was unrestrained and full of life and humor. His conversation was chaste, as his habits j8g.2-| THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 175 were strictly temperate. His high principles, generous disposi- tion, and courteous bearing preserved for hira in the army, the popularity which he had at home. And it may be mentioned, in evidence of the high regard in which his memory is held by his comrades and friends, that such a number of their children are being called for him, that "Conway " has become quite a common name. Colonel Gaelixgton's man-servant, who had played with him and watched over him in his childhood, was deeply moved when he heard that his " young master " was going into service, and insisting on going with him, served him faithfully through all the hard- ships of his soldier life. MELZAR ALLEN JENKINS, 2d Sergeant Co. D, 36. Virginia Infantry. This young man died at Winder Hospital, Richmond, Va., August 26, 1862, of a wound received at the battle of Fra- zier's Farm. The son of John Baker and Margaret Ann Jenkins, he was born in Southampton county, Virginia, Febru- ary 26, 1842. His father, who is a native of Nansemond county, is still living, and has spent the greater part of his life in agri- cultural and mercantile pursuits. His mother, who was the daughter of Allen and Ann Dauglitry, also of Nansemond, was married at an early age — before the completion of her education. A woman of good mind and amiable character, she was also a de- voted Cliristian, and an exemplary member of the Baptist Church. She now rests by the side of her son, having passed from this life September 3d, 1866, after months of suffering which she bore with that resignation which became her profession. Melzar's early education was obtained in the schools of the neighborhood. He was afterwards sent to Buckhorn Academy, in Hertford county, N. C, and subsequently to Reynoldson Insti- tute, in Gates county, N. C, when he was thorouglily prepared for College. At Reynoldson he applied himself with that per- severing diligence which caused his brilliant mind to display itself in its best colors, eliciting from his learned preceptors the seem- 176 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. ^j^^^^ ingly extravagant, though deliberate declaration, that " lie Mas the most intellectual boy they ever knew." He entered tlie Univer- sity of Virginia in October, 1858, and for two years devoted himself to the study of the academic course. He was one of the original members of Company D, 3u Vir- ginia Infantry, which was organized IMay 3d, 18G1. He entered the array as a private — at the reorganization was elected 2d Ser- geant, and continued as such until his death. He did not desire office, and refused several times to fill vacancies that occurred in his company. Finally, however, under the urgent request of liis Captain, he consented to do so, and had he been witii his com- mand just before his death, he would have been made Lieutenant; but owing to the doubt of his recovery, and the urirent need of officers on duty with the company at the time, the appointment was not made. * From the beginning he trod the path of the true soldier. He passed gallantly through the Peninsula campaign — the battle of Seven Pines — and those around Richmond, to the SOth June, 1862, when, at Frazier's Farm he was fatally wounded by a minie ball, which entered the leg near the knee-joint. The wound after- wards communicated with the joint, gradually exhausting him. Several weeks before his death, he professed faith in the Great Redeemer, to whom, unto the end, he committed his soul. WILLIAM A. WRIGHT, Captain Co. F, 55th Vlrgiuia Infantry. Among the Confederate battle-flags that were furled at Appo- mattox Court House was tliatof the Fifty-fifth Virginia Infantry. It was a tattered and weather-beaten thing, but to those who had followed it until then, it was still " a tiling of beauty," which tliey would have worn about their hearts forever. On its faded folds were inscribed the names of nearly every field whicli tlie Army of Northern Virginia had fought, from Mechanicksville to that place. And these names were not simply reminders of their part with Field's Brigade in opening the battles around Richmond, of their proud privilege of protecting the wounded Jackson at Ciiancel- 1802.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 177 lorsville, of General Lee's official compliment to their bravery, and of the many terrible conflicts in which tlieir efficiency had contributed to secure victory ; but, to the old regiment now a])out to be disbanded, they stood each as a sort of In Memoriam to their honored comrades who had fallen here and there by the way, even marking with monumental precision the resting-place of their dead heroes. Many a time, in the quiet camp, when their colors, sporting with the wind like a thing of life, showed o;ie after another, in quick succession, the names they had heli)c';l to make historic, the soldiers whose eyes chanced to be ujton their flag, found themselves sweeping rapidly over the past and fighting their battles again ; and then they thought sadly, yet jjroadly, of ''' the beauty of Israel slain in their high places." And they were worthy to be thought of thus; for among the dead of tl'.e 55th were such men as Colonel Francis INIallory, Majors Saunders, Thomas M. Burke, and Charles Lawson ; Caj^tains Elliott M. Healey, Austin Brokenbrough, Geoi'ge Street, and Wm. Latane Brooke; Lieutenants John R. Mann, Robert G. Haill, Logan Fleet, Charles Roy, John Tupman, Leonard Henley, Thomas Bul- lock, and Sergeant-Majors John G. Gordon and William Rowzie with a multitude of others representing the bravest and the best of the counties of Essex, Westmoreland, Middlesex, and Spot- sylvania. The name of Captain William Alfred Weight, Company F, ' Essex Sharp Shooters,' belongs also to this list, and among the first that fell. He was the eldest child of William Alfred and Charlotte Wright, of Tappahannock, Virginia, and was born in that place, February 23, 1832. His father was the eldest sou of Edward and Mary Pitts Wright, of Wrightsville, King and Queen county, and grandson of William Wright, M'ho witJi two brothers, James and Thomas, emigrated from Scotland early in the last century, and took up large tracts of land in Essex and the borders of King and Queen. His mother was the youngest daughter of the late Richard and Rebecca Roane Barnes. He thus numbered among his ancestors ardent soldiers of the Revo- lution and eminent jurists of later times. The briglit childhood of William Wright passed without anything to mar or specially mark it. The first quality he dis- covered was the spirit of unselfishness, which developed with age into that of self-sacrifice for the good of others. His modesty in 12 178 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL, ^j^^^.^ youth grew into diffidence, and this Avas accompanied with so great frankness that those who knew him but partially, regarded him as blunt and uncouth. As the oldest of six children, he was the object of especial par- ental training. After the ordinary curriculum in primary schools, he was sent to Fleetwood Academy and there prepared for College. In 1849 he entered the University of Virginia, and took the schools of Moral Philosophy and Law, in the first of which he received a diploma. The next year he devoted himself exclu- sively to the study of Law, after which he returned to Tappa- hannock, and having been received into partnership by his father, who was a prominent practitioner at that bar, he entered upon a career of great promise. In 1858 the death of his father devolved upon him the cai'e of a large family, many of wliom were yet to be educated. But to his widowed mother he became at once a thoughtful adviser, to his brothers and sisters an elder brother indeed, and to the sorrow- ing servants a humane master. It was a difficult office to assume, with all its weighty responsibilities; but he felt their weight far more keenly when, three years after, it became evident that the country was to be involved in war. There was no conflict between his sympathy and his judgment as to the course he should pursue; yet in view of a struggle, which he believed would be both long and bloody, and into which he was sure his two younger brothers would plunge with all the ardor of youth, he Avas oppressed, by a sense of the value of his life to the helpless family of which he was the head. With such ties to bind him at home, with the thoughts of mother and sisters thus pressing upon his mind and casting a shade of seriousness over his cheerful face, he was among the first to enter the lists for his country's defence. In doing this lie believed he was discharging his highest duty to his family also. The ''Essex Sharp Shooters" were organized sometime pre- vious to the war. This company, in which AVilliam Weight held the office of 1st Lieutenant, was mustered into service in the spring ot' 1861, and sent to a point on the lower Rappahannock to erect the fortifications afterwards known as Fort Lowry. Here other companies gathered from the neighboring counties, and the 55tli Virginia Infantry was organized, under command of Colonel Francis Mallory, of Norfolk. When this fort was evacuated the regiment retired to Fredericksburg, and afterwards to Richmond, i8oa.] THE UNTVEESITY MEMORIAL. 179 where, in Fields' brigade, it shared the honor of beginning the battle of Mechanicksville, July 26, 1862. About this time Lieutenant Wright was promoted to the com- mand of his company, which he led to battle day after day with singular gallantry. At Gaines' Mill his brother, Richard Ed- ward, was severely wounded in the head and borne from the field. When he recovered and returned to duty, it was to fight under another Captain, for William Wright had then long since " finished his course." On Monday, June 30, 1862, he fell mortally wounded in the grand attack of Longstreet and A. P. Hill upon the enemy's pow- erful centre at Frazier's Farm. Captain Wright, at the head of his company, was charging a Federal battery, and just as the prize was taken he was pierced through the body by a musket ball, which, cutting his empty canteen, entered his left side just below the heart and came out to the right of his spine. He sunk to tiie earth in the midst of his men, his sword escaping from the relaxed grasp and falling loosely upon the field. Realizing quickly the serious nature of his wound, he begged his comrades who were carrying him to the rear, to leave him and return to those who might recover if cared for; but in spite of his entreaties, the faith- ful soldiers bore him from the battle-ground and sent him in an ambulance to the hospital in the woodland adjacent. On the way he complained of internal uneasiness and asked that his sword belt might be unbuckled ; when this was done, the copious discharge of blood, which had been stayed by the belt, quickly exhausted his strength. A few words testifying his love for the cause to which he gave his life, broken messages of devotion to that family which he must now commit to God, affectionate adieus to those who gathered around him as he lay in the arms of one of his men, and William Alfred Wright was dead. A letter taken from his pocket and bearing his address, was pinned to his breast, and he was left amid the multitude of dead and wounded. Tlie next evening Thomas R. B. Wright, one of the remaining brothers, came in search of the body. Having readily identified it, his next effort was to get it transported to Richmond for burial. Two Confederate officers, with limbs ampuiated, lay near by. Their attention had been drawn to the body (for, as a soldier recently remarked, " he was a handsome and noble-looking ofiicer"), and they watched with apparent interest the approach and move- 180 THE UNIVERSITY LIEMOEIAL. [j,^,_^.^ inents of the young man wliose head v/as bo\vecl with grief. Perceiving their interest, he tokl them Ins stoty and committed his dead brother to tlieir custody until he could secure a convey- ance. Very soon he returned with a wagon, but the officers, not recognizing him, forbade the removal of the body, saying that it had been confided to their care. Tlie needed explanation was made, when tlie noble men apologized for an act of fidelity, which was worthy of all praise. Mr. AYright, moved to tears of grati- tude, thanked them for the interest they had manifested, and placing the body of his brother by that of a Georgian who had been killed in the same battle, set out to Richmond to inter it. The great current of stirring events swept on, while the widow- ed mother wept among her daughters, over the loss of her first- born. Richard Wright recovered, after a time, from his severe wound, and returned to his regiment. Thomas, after the first year of the war, had secured a transfer from the 2d Richmond Hov/it- zers to the same command, and the two brothers were fighting under the same flag. On the 30th September, 1864, at Peters- l)urg, Virginia, they both fell side by side under the same hostile volley. Richard, shot through the head, died instantly, within the enemy's lines ; Thomas recovered, but with the loss of a limb, and still lives to minister to his bereaved family. The body of Richard Wright was never recovered ; that of Captain William Alfred Weight was removed to Indian Neckj in Essex county, where it rests beside the ashes of his father. CHARLES ELLIS MUNFORD, 2d Lieutenant, Letcher Artillery. Munford is a good name in Virginia ; in her annals its repre- sentatives have an honorable record. In the piping days of peace they were her friends, and served her faithfully and efficiently in places of high official trust. When her sky was overcast with clouds, upon which the finger of a man's hand wrote in red characters the fearful heraldry of war, they did not shrink from the crisis. Colonel George Wythe Munford served his native State for is^o] THE UNIVERSITY MEMoiUAL. 181 many years iu various capacities, he and his father before liini having filled the office of Clerk to the House of Delegates for forty years. In 1853 he was elected Secretary of the Commonwealth of Virginia. This position he continued to hold until the close of the late war, when all the time-honored landmarks of the State Government were removed, and the high character for official capacity and faithfulness was substituted by the spirit of rapacity. Colonel Munford was twice married. His two sons by the first marriage, William and Thomas T., were both prominent in the Confederate service; the former as Lieutenant-Colonel of the 17th Virginia Infantry, the latter for a long while as Colonel of the 2d Virginia Cavalry, from which position he was promoted, just before the close of the war, to the rank of Brigadier-General of Cavalry. Charles Ellis Munford was the eldest child by the second marriage. His mother was Miss Elizabeth T. Ellis, daughter of Charles Ellis, Esq., of Richmond, for many years a prominent merchant of that city, and sister to the gentleman of that name now President of the Richmond and Petersburg Rail Road. He was born in Richmond, October 27, 1839. Remarkable always for his integrity and firmness of purpose, he did not, until his fifteenth year, evince any fondness for books. At that time he joined some debating society connected with his school, and in it his ambition was first aroused. The following year he entered the Hanover Academy, as a pupil of Lewis Minor Coleman, from Avhom his parents received frequent testimonials of his good standing. At the close of his course at the Academy, he was elected by his society to deliver the Valedictory Address, in which he acquitted himself with great credit. Having decided, with his father's full consent, to make the Law his profession, lie accordingly spent the winter of '58-9 reading . and submitting to the severe questionings of Governor Wise, who, thus brought into intimate association with him, conceived for him an affection which lasted through life. When in 1SG2, Ellis Munford had filled a soldier's grave, that gentleman — himself then a soldier too — thus wrote of him to the stricken father, from his " Headquarters, Chaffin's Farm, July 5th " : — " He was my child in arms, and I loved him almost like a son of my own bosom. A sweeter youth never lived to make a parent hopeful of all his future life and sure of his blissful immortality. There was no 182 THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. [-j^,,,^ forwardness in him, save that his manliness exceeded his age, and that was exceeded by his soft sweetness of affection. He was innocent and pure as he w-as sincere and staunch in principles of the best school of gentlemen." In October, 1859, he entered the University of Virginia, took both classes in the Law School, and applied himself vigorously to study. The next session he returned to college, was distinguished at the intermediate examination on " Common and Statute Law" and had every reasonable hope of graduation. When, in the spring, hostilities begun, his father was so anxious he should finish his law-course that he at first deterred him from relinquishing his studies. He soon found, however, that Ellis was not to bo restrained ; his letter from Harper's Ferry, whither from a sick- bed he had hurried to assist in saving the arsenal, was the first notice his parents had of his leaving the University. During this expedition he performed the duties of Quarter-master's Sergeant. Soon after the return of the students from Harper's Ferry, Ellis Munford joined General Wise, and accompanied him to Western Virginia, where he served, without commission, in various official capacities. As Assistant Adjutant of Artillery under Col- onel Gibbes, he marched from Staunton to Gaiiley, where he re- mained some time as drill-master, and thence to Charleston, at which place he was prostrate with pneumonia when Colonel Patton won his brilliant victory at Searcy's Creek. ' I can't re- member" — wrote General Wise to Colonel Munford under date May 4, 1869, — " I can't remember exactly the date when he came to me, but he was v/ith a class of young men of his age and standing, such as Frank Imboden, young Kinney, of Staunton, Bradfute and Barksdale Warwick, my son Ilichard, and I had to give them all such detail as drill-officers in infantry and artillery, as inspectors, and sometimes as officers of distant posts, all without commissions. And no one performed his part in all respects more like a gentleman and soldier of intellect and courage than Ellis Munford. " The last time I recollect him on duty was whilst I was at 'Camp Defiance' on the eastern peak of the Big Sewell. There we had a flow of beeves from the Kanawha Valley. Fresh pro- visions were in waste in spite of all that could be done ; there was no economy in the Commissary Department. Many more beeves were slaug-htered than was necessarv, T had detailed Lieutenant 18U2.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 183 MuNFORD to inspect the slaughtering ; see that no more were killed than necessary ; that the heads were not thrown away, and that all the meat was dealt ont. Dnring his execution of this order, General Lee came up to me from Floyd, to judge between him and me and to make a thorough inspection of my position, and the condition of my camp. " Young MuNFORD had done his duty wonderfully, in reforming the economy and cleanliness of the beef department. But in spite of all his diligence and vigilance, General Lee found some quar- ters of beeves on the road-side spoiling, and I called up Lieutenant MuxFORD to see the failure, to have the ground cleaned and the beef saved. I shall never forget the mortification of the gallant boy, and I don't even now cease to regret that I ever called his attention to the apparent failure. It was the only instance thati ever knew of even a seeming omission of duty on his part. Im- mediately after this I was ordered to turn ray command over to General Floyd, and I left him with it, according to ray recollection now. My Legion was brigaded in the spring of 1862. Young MuNFORD joined the Letcher Battery of Artillery, and the next I heard of him, your son, like my own, had fallen, and his end was exactly what I anticipated." It was in February, of 1862, that the Letcher Artillery was fully organized under the command of Captain Greenlee Davidson, formerly A. D. C. to the Governor, after whom the battery was named. The company was mustered into the service of the Con- federate States February 17th, with Ellis Munford as 2d Lieu- tenant. Early in May it was ordered to Fredericksburg, and re- mained there until called to the defence of Richmond. In one of his letters, written about this time, he said : "Orders have come for us to be in readiness to march. I hope it is onward, though if there is to be any fighting near Richmond, I want to be there." Wiicn the first alarm of an attack on the Mechanicksville Turn- pike reached him, he was on sick-leave and under the care of Dr. Gibson, in Richmond. "An eruption resembling a feverish scar had appeared on his neck, causing intense pain, and in the opinion of his physician, deserving the most serious treatment." Lieutenant Wm. E. Tanner, of the same battery, was also at his home in the city, convalescing from a spell of illness. Late in the morning of June 26th, Lieutenant Munford, who through his father had learned that an engagement was imminent, sought his 184 THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. [July, brother-officer and informed him of tlie fact. After a, brief con- sultation, they both set off for the field and were soon with the battery, which shortly after began to annoy the enemy's left flank, while General Hill made the attack in front. It was at Malvern Hill that the Letcher Artillery first won for itself a place in history. This was the last act in the Seven Days' drama. McClellan, who, like a wounded lion, had been slowly retiring since the conflict at Cold Harbor, until communication was opened with his gunboats on the James river, now turned at bay upon his pursuers. Malvern Hill is an elevated plateau about a mile and a quarter in length by three-fourths in width. Its front was densely skirted with woods, while its rear, rising by gentle slope, was crowned by a plantation dwelling. Upon this crest McCIellan's splendid artillery was massed, and su]>ported by his infintry, which rested under cover of the hollows behind, the line curving backward on the right nearly to the river. His guns, probably sixty in number, thus swept at every point the open space in front, and one of his officers, boasting of the advantage of the Federal position, said : — " We'll clothe this hill in sheets of flame he/ore they take itJ' It was General Lee's plan to bring forward a strong force of artillery to silence the enemy's guns, and then hurl his whole line upon the heights and take them by storm ; but owing to the nature of the ground, the artillery could not be rapidly concentrated, " Two batteries," says a cotemporary account of this battle, " Grimes' and the 2d Richmond Howitzers, were ordered to take position in the cleared field, some fifty yards from the edge of the forest. Grimes' Battery, while in the act of taking its ground, was thrown into hopeless confusion by the killing and wounding of most of its horses, and never did get into position ; whereupon the Purcell Battery, Captain Pegram, was ordered to re[)lace it. The Howitzers and Captain Pegram's battery opened a well- directed fire on the enemy, but the return fire was so deadly, they were compelled to withdraw. . . . The Letcher Artillery, of six pieces, under command of Captain Davidson, was now ordered to the spot until now occupied by the Purcell Battery, and getting their guns quickly in place despite the tempest of iron, commenced to serve them with the greatest efficiency, firing fifteen discharges to the minute, while an infantry column advanced through the cleared space to storm the enemy's batteries." Onward it moved, 1 i,^> J THE UjS'IVEKSITY memopjal. 185 up the crimsoned slope and through the baptism of smoke, nearer and nearer the hostile guns, but growing smaller and smaller, until at length it reeled under the concentrated fire and retired in confusion. " The Letcher Battery still held its ground," and according to the Annual Report of the Board of Visitors of the Virginia Military Institute — to which some of its guns were afterwards donated — ''was in action one hour and twenty minutes, in a position which, from a subsequent survey of the havoc made by the enemy, would appear to have been utterly untenable for a much shorter time." It had indeed fought with heroic valor; a caisson had exploded in their midst, yet they continued their fire as if giving a holiday salute. But did the fame it won compensate for the loss it suffered ? Twenty-two, killed and wounded, lay around their guns ; among the killed. Lieutenant Charles Ellis Munford. \yhen ordered into battle, that young officer had waved an adieu to friends who stood by him, with so sweet a smile that none would have supposed him conscious of the danger he was plung- ing into. Absorbed at once by the duties of his position, his eye ran rapidly over the men under his command. Among them were some who were very difficult to discipline ; one, especially, seemed thoroughly hardened, not hesitating even to resist the authority of his officers. Lieutenant Muxford, almost in despair of making a soldier of him, had recently put him under arrest for some grave offence. But during the fight this man displayed a most extra- ordinary courage : wdierever the dead fell fastest, there he seemed to find his duty. Noticing his gallant conduct, Muxford dashed up to him, seized his hand, and said : — " I have come to ask you to forget what I did to you. You have shown yourself a hero to-day ; you cannot again be W'liat you have been.' Hereafter, be not the hero of a day, but of all time." These were almost his last words before he fell; but they were " apples of gold in pictures of silver." As by magic, they thrilled the soul of the degraded man, and seemed to transform his very being. A few moments more, and the lips that uttered them were silent forever, and the countenance just now glowing with the inspiration of battle, was resuming its pleasant smile and settling into the repose of death. The soldier sought and obtained per- mission to bear the body from the field. When he delivered his charge to the friends of the dead Lieutenant, his rough face was 186 THE UKIVEESITY MEMORIAL. [j^jy^ wet with tears, and lie said to them, as with the promptings of a new life, " He was the first who ever saio any good in me, or thought me capable of belter things. I shall never forget him." Happy the man Avho is remembered thus ! The family of Ellis Munpord had the mournful pleasure — denied, alas ! to so many others under like bereavement — of fol- lowing his remains to the grave. He was buried in Hollywood Cemetery, near Richmond, his pastor, the Rev. Dr. Charles Miunegerode conducting the funeral services. BENJAMIN H. HARRISON. Captain Charles City Cavalry. Their praise is hymn'd by loftier liarps than mine ; Yet one I Avoiild select from that proud throng, Partly because they blend me "witli his line, And partly that bright names will hallow song, And his was of tlie bravest ; and when showered The death-bolts deadliest the thinn'd files along. Even where the thickest of war's tempest lower'd, They reach'd no nobler breast than thine, young, gallant Howard." Childe Harold — Canto IH. Benjamin Harrison Harrison was born Feb. 5th, 1828, at Upper Brandon, on James River. He was the eldest son of Wm. B. Harrison, of Brandon, and of Mary Randolph Harrison, daughter of the late Randolph Har- rison of Clifton, in Cumberland county. He was the seventh in descent from Benjamin Harrison who first took up lands in the Colony in 1635. When sixteen years old he was placed at Concord Academy under the late Frederick Coleman, and during a stay of several years, gained the esteem and respect of that able instructor, by his ffood conduct and considerable talent. At the University of Virginia, he graduated the first year, with high honor, in the School of Mathematics under the lamented Courtney, although kept from his studies for more than a month by an injury to one of his eyes. His bad health cut short his stay at College, and he returned to his father's estate. At the age of twenty-five he married Mary Randolph Page, daughter of the IS,;-] TIIH UNLVKKSITY MEMORIAL. 187 late Nelson Page, of Cumberland, and settled at the Rowe, au estate on James River, iu the lower end of Charles City. He foresaw the impending troubles ; and assisted in forming a Company of Cavalry in which, as Lieutenant, on the breaking out of hostilities, he joined the Peninsular army under General Magruder. He served at the battle of Bethel and in several skirmishes ; and on the reorganization of the army, being elected Captain of his company, he was detached with liis troop to be near his General's per- son. In this capacity he served in the retreat through the Penin- sula and iu the operations before Richmond, previous to the Seven Days' figlits. At the battle of Malvern Hill, July 1st, 1862, he did signal service in rallying the broken iufantry; and when a battalion, routed, returned from the fatal hill without a leader, he reformed and offered to lead them in person. Again they charged with Harrison, sword in hand, at their head ; and when within a few yards of the enemy, he fell, pierced with seven wounds, in the fore front of the fight. His body was found by a faithful friend and follower early next morning, conveyed to his family, and buried on the Upper Fork of Willis River, in Cumberland county. In person he was singularly commanding, being six feet, two and a half inches in height, with a classic head, an eye pene- trating though gentle, and a dignity and urbanity of manner that impressed all who saw him. With strong passions, he had few if any enemieSo He possessed the rare faculty of exacting obedience, while he acquired the love of his followers. It is more than pro- bable that his rise would have been very rapid in the Confederate service. His whole heart was in the cause of Southern independence. To effect it he would have made any sacrifice ; and the desperate assault he led, he undertook in the conviction of meeting death. His General fully appreciated his character and services. In his report of his military operations, he says : " The noble, accomplished, and gallant Harrihon, Captain of the Charles City troop, uniting his exertions with my own, ral- lied regiment after regiment, and leading one of them to the front, fell pierced with seven wounds, near the enemy's batteries." In a letter to a relative of the fallen soldier, he says : — "I write ill great haste, but deem it proper to say here that which I omitted to state in my report, that your brother volunteered to lead the 188 THE TJNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. ^ju,y, troops in the great and decisive battle of Malvern Hill — leaving his own company in charge of a subaltern, and acting on this occa- sion on my staif, his cavalry not being engaged that day. "This charge was decisive of the great victory of Malvern Hill, and your brother was eminently instrumental in securing it." The following graceful tribute, from the pen of an official in the Department of War, appeared in the newspapers of the day : " Fell on the battle-field of Tuesday, the 1st of July, Captain Benjamin H. Haerison, eldest son of Wm. B. Harrison, Esq., of Upper Brandon, aged about 33 years. " Of the many sacrifices offered there on the altar of patriotism and duty, none was more worthy. " Brave, modest, devoted as a soldier and a man, his character endeared him to all who knew him. Nature had gifted him richly with intellectual powers of a very high order, improved by care- ful culture, with a large, warm heart, womanly tenderness, affec- tions ardent and true, and a dauntless spirit. " He saw the coming storm before the secession of Virginia, and raised a troop of cavalry to aid in the defence of his mother State. Worthy to bear a name which Virginia has been pleased for a century and a half to honor, he has given his life to the State to which his ancestors gave their labor. A friend who knew and loved him, makes this brief record of his manly virtues. K." The biographer may be often guilty of partiality, but this was one of those cases in which nature makes atonement for her many imperfections. This light was not hid under a bushel, but was widely known through the army. Without fear, therefore, the writer awards due merit to this exalted character. Other names have been or will be for centuries the theme of tongues ; but neither the hero stricken at Lutzen, the gentle Falkland M'ho fell at Newbury, nor that Christian, Vicars, who perished in the trenches before Sebastopol, ever marched to death with more loyal devotion than the modest gentleman who on the fatal field of Malvern, gave his life for the State he loved so well. His wife and three children yet live to rejoice in the heritage of honor left them by the husband and father. jg^o] THE UNIVEKSITY MEMOEIAL. 189 EDWIN W. EASTON, Private, "Mobile Cadets," 3i Alabama Infantry. No part of the State of Alabama gave more of its best blood to the cause of the Confederacy than did the city of Mobile. Hardly a family escaped the loss of a member, and many with mutilated limbs are to be seen every day, even now, moving painfully through the streets, with cane or crutch. Happy the mothers who were permitted to embrace even the shattered living remains of their dear ones ! One of the military organizations in which this city was rep- resented, was the Third Alabama Infantry, composed of the fol- I lowing companies : I The Mobile Cadets, Captain R. M. Sands ; The Mobile Rifles, ' Captain Z. T. Woodruff; the Washington Light Infantry, Captain Archibald Gracie ; the Gulf City Guards, Captain Hartwell, I with two companies from Montgomery and one each from ! Wetumpka, Union Springs, Tuskeegee, and Lowndesboro. The field officers were : — Jones M. Withers, Colonel ; J. T. Lomax, * Lieutenant-Colonel; Cullen A. Battle, Major. To the Cadets, Company A, belonged Edwin William, son I of William C. and Mary Stoddart Easton, of Mobile, in which I city he was born February 4, 18-40. He was educated at the Mobile Academy, first under the charge of Rev. Norman Pinney, , formerly Professor in Yale College, and afterwards under that of J Prof. James M. Saunders, LL.D., now Rector of the "Univer- i sity School," New Orleans. Edw^in was from his earliest years ' thoughtful and studious. It seems that he actually taught him- self to read. Passing from the primary schools to the Academy, he pursued all the studies usually preparatory to a high collegiate course. This done, he entered the University for the session of 1859-60. This was a disturbed period of our country's history, and unpropitious for close study. The "John Brown Raid" greatly excited the public mind, especially in Virginia and the South ; yet it is believed that Edwin took such a position at College as, con- sidering an unfortunate attack of illness under which he suffered for several weeks, would have insured him future honors. On 190 THE UIS'IYEESITY MKAIORIAL. [j,jiy^ leaving the University in the summer of 1860, to spend the vaca- tion at lioine, tlie country became so alarmingly unsettled that it was thought best he should not return to that school. He pur- sued his studies at home for some time, and then voluntarily entered upon a course of legal reading in his father's office. His mind uas critical and analytical : taking little on trust, he sought to explore everything thoroughly. In a few months, one who frequently examined him can truly say that he gave promise of becoming distinguished in the profession. But then came the excitement of the elections, political discus- sions, kSecossion, and the confusion of the altering state of political affiiirs, and all the various incidents and clamors preceding the actual "din of arms." He joined the "Cadets," and without military ambition — for of that kind he possessed none — he simply endeavored as a patriot to do a soldier's duty. This he performed fully, bravely. On the 23d of April, 1861, the " Cadets" left Mobile for Mont- gomery, where the 3d Alabama was formed and regimental officers elected. From Montgomery the regiment was ordered to Norfolk, Virginia, where it was stationed for nearly a year at a point familiarly known in that city as " The Entrenched Camp." Its duties during this time were neither glorious nor hazardous, and the men chafed at their constrained inactivity. There was hardly an incident — except the memorable victory of Captain Buchanan and the iron-clad "Virginia" over the Federal fleet in Hampton Roads — to bring home to the young men of the Third the glorious perils of war. Many of them, however, were enabled to Avitness the destruction of the Cumberland and the Congress, among these Edwin Easton, who was fully alive to the interest and importance of the occasion. A few weeks later, the regiment was unleashed, and took up the line of march for Richmond. On its first field. Seven Pines, it behaved handsomely, and in the Seven Days' contest with McClel- lan, it established a name for courage and gallantry. In the last of these great battles, Malvern Hill, Edwin Easton was stricken from the ranks by a fragment of a shell. Recovering sufficiently to rise after a few moments, he hobbled to his company and endeavored to maintain his position ; but his feeble condition and the command of his superiors compelled him to retire. He was then sent to a hospital in Richmond, Avhence he wrote, ISIirJ.] THE UjS^IVEKSITY AjEMoEIAL. 191 on the 3(1 of July, bis last letter to Iiis father. He made liglit of the severe contusion he Jiad received, and said lie would soon join his company; spoke in the most feeling and affectionate terms of some among his friends who had fallen on that fatal First of July, and mentioned particularly two of his company comrades, Fred- erick Stewart, than whom " the Confederate Army did not boast a braver soldier," and Paul Lockwood, Avho was '' brave to des- peration." Then he thanked God for his own preservation ! „ . . . . On the 4th of July, a ring of the bell at the house of Daniel Ratcliffe, Esq., in Richmond, brought to the door a servant, who announced to her mistress the young Confederate soldier. "When she found that it was Edwin Easton, a kinsman of her husband^ whom she had known years before a little boy, but now " wearing the gray," and withal hobbling Avith his wound, she took him to her heart at once. Her husband soon came in. He, too, made the soldier boy doubly welcome. They would not permit him to go back to his quarters; sent for his knapsack, and furnished him with a room and every comfort incident to a "home." Here he was watched carefully, and when, as shortly appeared, his health declined and malignant symptoms wei'e indi- cated, they obtained the best medical advice. But the advances of the terrible disease — Chickahominy fever, superinduced per- haps by his enfeebled condition — were insidious and did not manifest their fatal tendency until a few days before he died; too short a time for his stricken parents to reach him, alive. But those parents will not cease to pray God's blessing upon Mr. Rat- cliffe and his excellent wife; and they desire to record here tlieir grateful remembrance of the unostentatious and unaffected kind- ness, the thoughtful care and patient, gentle attention given by these friends to their sick and dying child. On the 28th of July, 1862, the crisis came, and Edwin Eastox was numbered with the dead. His body was, by tlie foretiiought and care of Mr. RatclifFe, preserved in a metallic coffin, and his parents removed it from Richmond to its final eartldy resting- place among the deceased members of his family in Mobile. Of young persons, all that we are generally able to say is, that they wore youths of promise, and gave hopes of future usefulness. More, it is true, has been snid by the biographers of persons cut off prematurely, where strong indications of literary or other excellence were developed. Perhaps there have not often occurred 192 THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. [Jaiy, more marked evidences of future excellence in the ordinary pur- suits of life, of taste in literature and science, sciuiid judgment, steady and devoted purpose of mental and moral improvement, than in the case of Edwin Easton. With this opinion accords the following testimonial — the only one which our space allows — from his old teacher. Prof Saunders, now of New Orleans : — " Edwin was confided to my care in the year 1856, as Principal of the Mobile Classical Academy, and suc- cessor of that laborious teacher, student and litterateur, the Rov. Norman Pinney. He continued under my instruction for more than three years, when he entered the University of Virginia. " It has always been a part of my system to cultivate confiden- tial and affectionate relations with such of my jjupils as desired and deserved it. I am able, therefore, to speak with precision, not merely of the scholastic acquirements, but of the moral and mental attributes of this most estimable and intellectual youth. His habits were unexceptionable. Sincere, candid, and docile, he had the con- fidence of his teachers. Honorable, truthful, and courageous, he was beloved and respected by his schoolmates. Virtuous by nature, and protected by parental example, he betrayed none of those pre- cocious aspirations of vice aud folly which so often ripen into a habitude of wrong. " His mental capacity was excellent. He was calm and thought- ful, thorough and exact in his acquisition of knowledge, and his whole course at school was successful. He was a go(jd scholar in Greekj Latin, French, and Mathematics. These studies comjjre- hend an extended range of intellect. I do not remember that he ever made a bad recitation. But his pursuit of knowledge was not confined to the accurate repetition of an academic task : though very young, he had ex[)lored much in advance of his studies, and evinced much of the taste and tact of the scholar. He read the great classic epics of Homer and Virgil with a sympathy aud ability which elicited my admiration. I remember that he com- pared the description of the shield of Achilles with that of xEneas, and awarded the palm to Virgil. In this disquisition he mani- fested much critical acumen and poetic taste. He expressed an admiration of Dr. Channing's Essays, especially of tiiose which describe the characters of Milton and Napoleon. "These observations and expressions of opinion were made in his frequent calls on me in the intervals of school, when the con- 1SG2.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 19^ versatioii would turn on other literary subjects than his studies. I regarded him as one of the best and brightest of my pupils. Self-dedicated as he was to the cause of right, those who loved him must be consoled by his fame for the misfortune of his loss. Such were his youthful indications of worth and ability, that if spared he would have been one of the most virtuous, the most useful, and the most excellent of men." JOHX M. EEDWOOD, Lieutenaiit, "Mobile Cadets,"' 3d Alabama Infantry. It was not a single family only that had good reason during tlie war to say, "God bless the j^eople of RicJimond ! " "When the for- tunes of the day begirt that beautiful city with a double line of friends and foes, and the brave Southerners fell by thousands under the flashing fires, the citizens turned their houses into hospitals, and their matrons and maidens became ministers of mercy to the sick and wounded soldiers. It mattered not that they came with strange faces and names ; they were welcomed with deeds of kind- ness and offices of charity, the grateful remembrance of which they bore with them to their graves, or to their distant homes. The writer has not forgotten, will not forget, a household, until then almost entirely unknown to him, to whose tender ministry and patient watchings he probably owes his life ; and so for many does Richmond suggest, along with the thoughts of hard service and costly victories, memories of kindnesses that are immortal. While Edward Easton found a home in the family of ]\Ir. llat- cliflfe, John Marshall Redwood, another of the "Mobile Cadets," was not less fortunate. Both of these young men were natives of Mobile; they entered the military service at the same time, passed through the same experience of war, and, falling in the same fight, shared alike in their last hours the comforts of a private family. John Redwood was the son of Richard Holman and Sabrina Caroline Redwood. His father was a native of James City county, Virginia; his mother, a South Carolinian by birth, was reared in Alabama, where she met and married Mr. Redwood. The date 13 194 THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. ^j^^jy^ of this latter event is February 3, 1827, John, the fifth child of this union, was born July 23, 1841. At the age of fifteen he was sent to the Military Academy at Nashville, Tennessee. After remaining two years at this school, he became (in 1858) a student at the University of Virginia, where the name, Redwood, was both familiar and in good repute — his brother Robert having not long before been gradu- ated Bachelor of Arts of that institution. It Avas here that the writer formed his acquaintance. The effect of a military educa- tion was then visible in his erect carriage and dignified bearing- but in his countenance were traces of good humor, while his con- versation abounded with jokes and scintillations of wit. In the summer following, when books were laid aside and students were roaming about, some in quest of health, others in the abandon- ment of pleasure, w^e met again in the mountains of Virginia, at the celebrated Greenbrier White Sulphur Springs. Here he bore himself in the same quiet, gentlemanly manner, his face perhaps a shade more mischievous, and his sly, pungent jokes a little more frequent than when in the vicinity of grave Professors, Here his wit was shot at some of the noted characters that usually abound at such places; an ill-fitting Avig or a pretentious widow, a snob or a nabob, a Danton or a Scruggs, was sure to provoke his shafts, which were not unfrequently feathered with a historical allusion. After such a running fire he was apt to lapse into serious conver- sation, sometimes discussing most difficult topics with ease and intelligence. In the autumn of that year (1859), Redwood returned to the University, and took, along with some literary tickets, the junior course of Law, which he proposed as his profession. This year, as in the preceding, he was a member of the Washington Society, in whose meetings he 2>articipated regularly. At the close of the session he returned to his home, carrying with him, besides several distinctions, certificates of jH'oficiency in Anglo-Saxon and in Con- stitutional and International Law and Government. In Mobile he entered at once the laAV-office of Manning & Walker, and there spent nearly a year longer in preparation for the bar. Both these gentlemen stood high in the profession, and John enjoyed their full confidence and esteem. One of them thus writes of him: — "His naturally fine abilities, hourly im- proving under his studious habits, gave every promise of profes- I,cc2.] THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 195 sional distinctiou. For one so young, lie had a rare maturity of thought and reflective turn of mind ; and united to his high intel- lectual gifts, were the moral qualities that give roundness and completeness of character." In April, 1861, he set out for the seat of war as a member of the "Mobile Cadets," of which company mention has already been made. During the long time the 3d Alabama was stationed at Norfolk, its members had little to do except to perfect themselves in drill. Many of them represented the best families of Mobile; some were recognized at once and cordially greeted by their col- lege friends ; and so they were readily received, and to an unusual degree, into the society of the city. During this period — remem- bered still with pleasure in this connection by many of the resi- dents of Norfolk — John Redwood became acquainted with a young lady of high respectability and of cultivated piety. Ere he left the city a mutual attachment had been formed, and the offer of marriage made and accepted. Under her influence and with her example before him, he became interested in the subject of relio-ion. He had always borne a character above renroach, but without any pretension to personal piety. For many months he was deeply serious, giving to this great question its merited consideration ; and as the result, made a confession of faith and connected himself with the Episcopal Church. In the spring of '62, the 3d Alabama left their comfortable quarters, and taking up the line of march, reached Richmond in time to engage in the battle of Seven Pines, and the Seven Days' conflict around Richmond. At Malvern Hill, Redavood was severely wounded in the left arm, yet not so severely as in the opinion of the surgeon to render amputation necessary. When his father reached him, however, on the 4th of July, it was too late, as mortification had already taken place, and he was not suf- ficiently strong to bear the knife. During the first, week of his illness, he was removed to the residence of Captain G. AY. Allen, of Richmond, " whose continued and thoughtful kindness will be gratefully remembered by his afilicted parents." There, through the heat of summer and until the early autumn, he lingered, wasting away under constant suffering, which, it is pleasant to know, was borne with the patient resignation of a Christian. A short time previous to his death, he was elected to a lieuten- ancy in the Cadets, " in acknowledgment of his proficiency in 196 THE UNIVEESITY MEMOKIAL. fj^j., tactics and his gallantry in action." To please him, his father had his officer's uniform made, and hung it just where John could see it. Though proud of a promotion for good conduct on the field, he often remarked that he would never be able to wear the bars; and once added that perhaps it was just as well, since his military education made him too strict to hold office over those who were of the same station in private life. On the morning of the 25th September, his friends gathered around his couch to receive the whispered farewell. Among them was she who gave him life, and she who, dearer than life to him, " is still single for his sake, and beloved by his friends as fondly as if she were indeed a sister." At nine o'clock a soft hand closed his eyelids, and then they came and composed his limbs for the grave. His remains were deposited in the burying-ground at Richmond, where they await the signal from Him who said, "J am the Resurrection and the Life." H. EYERARD MEADE, Private, Company E, "Petersburg Riflemen," 12th Virginia Infantry. The list of victims of the campaign around Richmond, already so long, is not yet complete. The names of the brave men who received their death-wounds upon the field of battle have been recorded ; but the results of a campaign like that are never given by even a correct report of the killed and wounded. * The long marches, the privations and exposure incident to the rapid move- ment of the army, and the excitement jDroduced by frequent engagements, were fruitful of fatal results. Heroic soldiers sank under the long-continued pressure ; chivalric spirits, jealous for their country's weal, drooped as they went to meet her foes, and perished by the way without the inspiration of the battle-hour. But they were not less heroes than those who yielded up their lives while the shouts of victory were on their lips. Hugh Eveeard Meade, the second son of Julia E. and the late Hon. R. K. Meade, of Petersburg, Virginia, was born at 18G2 J THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. 197 Dinwiddie Court House, March 30tli, 1838. His father was for many years a member of Congress, and subsequently was United States Minister to Brazil. In the fall of 1855 he entered Plampden Sidney College, where, in June, 1858, a few months after reaching his majority, he graduated at the head of his class. During the two years suc- ceeding his graduation, he taught school in Brunswick county, as principal of " Red Oak Academy." With a view to fitting himself for the Bar, he became, in October, 1860, a member of the Law Class in the University of Virginia, and was thus engaged until the following spring. In May, 1861, he laid down his law-books, and leaving the University, took up his musket as a member of " The Petersburg Riflemen," w^ho "vvere known officially as Company E, 12th Virginia Infantry. His record in this command is that of a soldier who was scrupulously conscientious in the discharge of duty, and among the most fearless on the field of battle. But his delicate constitution was unequal to the hardships of military life ; and under the prolonged high-pressure service on the lines around Richmond, while McClellan w^as investing that city, his system gave way. Worn, exhausted, and attacked by an insidious disease, he was sent to his home in Petersburg, where, in the midst of his friends, he died on the 10th of July, 1862. Of EvERARD Meade it may be said that he belonged to that school of gentlemen who are distinguished for a chivalric sense of honor, and the highest refinement of feeling and manner. Nature had given him a clear head, and a liberal education had stored his mind with useful information. Possessing the keenest sense of the ridiculous, and an inexhaustible fund of wit and humor, he Avas eminently fitted for society; and in the ccfnvivial gatherings of his fellow-students, or of his comrades in the army, he seemed to preside unconsciously, the genius of the hour. 0£ his religious feelings few knew much; only on the bed of suffering — his death-bed — did he give evidence of that faith whose teachings, let us hope, had guided hJs life. Conscious that the end was near, and that the hour of his departure was at hand, he calmly kissed each member of his family, and bade them good- bye, with- the parting words to each, "Meet me in heaven." Then turning and clasping the hand of his physician, who was also his friend and kinsman, he said to him : — " I am dying, 198 THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. [July, Hugh, Fight Christ's battles as we are now fighting those of onr country. Take Hini as your great example, remembering that there is no happiness save in a life of virtue." With these beauti- ful words trembling on his lips, he closed his eyes, and the brave young spirit was gone. CHARLES T. SHELTON, Private in Anderson's Battery. Charles T. Sheltox was born on the 9th of April, 1839, at " E,oseneath,"the residence of his father, David R. Shelton, of Louisa county, Virginia. After a preparatory course at Hampden Sidney College, he entered the University in the fall of 1857. In the latter jjart of the following May he was suddenly called home by family bereavement, in consequence of which his studies at the University were interrupted until the beginning of the next session, when he returned and spent the two following years in preparation for peaceful and useful employment, receiving diplomas in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy. In October, 1860, he took charge of a school in the village of Columbia, on the James river. While he was thus engaged, Virginia called her sons to her defence. On the 18th of May, 1861, he was married, and started in a few minutes to the front. In January, 1862, he re-enlisted " for the Avar," and was in consequence granted a thirty days' furlough, which enabled him to visit his bride, whom he had never seen since the hurried ceremony was performed. In rescu- ing a drowning youth during this furlough, he contracted a violent cold, which, terminating in pneumonia, detained him from the service for about a month longer. About this time his company — Captain Anderson's Artillery, from Botetourt county — was reorganized and put in drill at Camp Lee. Thence it Avas transferred to the West, serving first under General Kirby Smith, and afterwards under General Pem- berton, in the disastrous campaign on the Mississippi river. At Port Gibson Mr. Shelton was wounded in the right hand, but did not leave his command. ^^The siege of Vicksburg followed, TlIK UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 199 and at the surrender of that place he was so ill with fever that he had to be left in the Iiands of the enemy ; his cousin, a mere boy, volunteering to remain with him as nurse. On the night of the 25th July, this youth fell asleep, and on waking, found his cousin in a kneeling posture, but — the spirit had fled ! Of his last days of sickness and suffering his family and friends know but little. The young kinsman mentioned above related to his own father the little that is known, and then said : — " Tell them what I have told you, and tell them never to ask me ahuut it, and never to mention it in my presence. I wish never to repeat it, and never, even in thought, to revert to it again." Charles Shelton had never made a public profession of religion, but in the years of his childhood and youth more than ordinary attention was paid to his instruction in religion. And letters written during the last few months of his life give most comforting evidence that he trusted in the Saviour of sinners and was saved. His remains rest at Vicksburg, and the spot is jnarked by a marble slab, with the name, Charles T. Shelton. Dr. PATRICK H. CLARK, Captain, Long Island Artillery. Patrick Henry Clark, youngest son of William H. and Elvira A. Clark, of Banister Lodge, Halifdx county, Virginia, and great-grandson of Patrick Henry, was born April 21st, 1837. " From childhood a dutiful son, a tender brother and faithful friend, he grew in esteem as in years." After careful training at home, he was sent for several years to the excellent school of Mr. Franklin Minor, in Albemarle county. From Mr. Minor's he went in October, 1855, to the University of Virginia, and, in accordance with the wish of his father, entered upon a course of study preparatory to the profession of Medicine. Among his fellow-members of the AVashiugton Society, as indeed among the students at large, he enjoyed an enviable degree of ])0])ularity. As has since been said of him, " he was indeed a noble, high-souled 200 THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. [July, spirit, as genial, frank, and manly as he was pure, kind, and gen- erous;" and for these qualities he is still 'held in aifectionate remembrance by those who survive him. After leaving the University, Pat. Clark attended lectures in the Medical College at Richmond, during which time he resided with his grandmother, Mrs. Bruce, At the end of the term in 1858, he was graduated Doctor of Medicine. His father now gave him an ancestral estate, situated in Campbell county, and known as " Long Island ; " but it could hardly be said that Dr. Claek resided upon it, so much of his time did he spend with his friends in Halifax. In 1859 he went abroad to enlarge the liberal culture he had already received. In Paris he pursued again his professional studies, and then set out for a tour of the Continent. But he had gone no farther than Italy, when he heard of the secession of Virginia; and, true to his proud Revolutionary lineage and his own convictions of duty, he left at once the scenes of enchantment amid which even they who lack the enthusiasm of youth are tempted to linger, and hastened home to aid in defend- ing the land of his birth. When he reached Virginia, I]e repaired at once to Campbell, and finding that Captain Alexander had already raised a company of cavalry with which he was hurrying to take the field, he promptly enrolled his name as a private in its ranks, and set about his preparation to accompany it. During the brief space allowed him for this purpose, Mrs. Clark, moved, perhaps, both by her instinctive apprehensions for the personal safety of her son, and by a natural and laudable desire to see him fill that station which his professional studies had so admirably fitted him for, said to him, " Patrick, you have been highly educated ; your medical course completed in Paris, where you enjoyed so many advantages. You could now serve so well both your country and your fellow-men as a surgeon," To the appeal, intelligible and eloquent as it doubt- less was to him, he replied at once : — " Dear mother, while I love to gratify you in all things, don't ask me to take a surgeon's place. I want to go into the ranks and fight as a common soldier." And thus did he enter the army and fight the first battle of Manassas, in which his gallantry and efficiency were conspicuous. But when the victory was won, he applied himself industriously to the relief of the wounded. Dr. Clark was not long allowed, however, to remain aprivate» jj.,;o/, THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 201 "His excellent character as a soldier speedily won for hi m the rank of Orderly Sergeant. In this position his soldierly qualities and his capacity for command soon became so conspicuous that he Avas urged to raise a company, and procured from the War Department authority for that purpose." In a few weeks he suc- ceeded in raising an artillery company of over one hundred men, who elected him captain by acclamation, and called the command after his plantation, " The Long Island Artillery." In this new position " he secured alike the respect and the affec- tion and the confidence of his officers and men. In the battles around Richmond his battery was frequently engaged, and he conducted himself with conspicuous gallantry, which elicited the complimentary notice of his commanding general upon the battle- field, and won for him the highest admiration of his compatriots in arms." Through this series of conflicts he passed unscathed by shot or steel ; but very soon after he was stricken down with violent disease — the consequence of excessive exposure and priva- tion. At the first symptoms of fever he was warned and urged by his friends to retire from the field ; but his devotion to duty would not allow him to do so until he was prostrated and it was too late for safety. In one of the hospitals, with which the Confederate capital was crowded, he receiv^ed every attention — all that medical skill or humanity could suggest, was done for his relief. Yet so rapid was the progress of his disease, that even his relatives in the city knew nothing of it until they were stunned by the news of his death. Immediately after that event, which occurred on the 25th of July, 1862, his uncle-in-law, Hon. James A. Seddon, wrote to Mr. Clark : — " I have been most deeply shocked and pained this morning to hear of the death of your gallant son Pateick I see him now before me with his beaming, open face, ardent and glowing with all kindly and manly emotions; and I mourn indeed to think I shall hear no more on earth his cheerful, hearty voice, nor meet again the warm grasp of his cordial greeting. We had heard with such gratification of his conspicuous gallantry in our late glorious battles, and of his happy escape from all wounds. Nor had we the least notice of his sickness, to allow us the last poor privilege of endeavoring to soothe or minister to him, until the tidings of his death came to shock us." In his last hours Captain Clark's thoughts dwelt much upon 202 THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. [July, his family ; especially did he yearn for the presence of his mother. "You remind me so much of her/' said he to a noble Virginia matron, who watched at his side during his brief illness. " Oh! if I could just once more behold the loved ones at home, my dar- ling mother, dear fath.er, and dear sisters and brother." It is indeed a glowing and grateful tribute to maternal fidelity that the son should long to pillow his dying head on the bosom that nursed his infancy. The fancied or real resemblance of his faithful attendant to iiis own mother, led him to talk to her as with filial frankness about the concerns of his soul. For the comfort of the bereaved house- hold, that lady was thus enabled to speak with confidence concern- ing his highest interest. " Not a doubt," wrote she to Mrs. Clark, "not a doubt of his acceptance with God rests upon my mind." From an obituary notice of Captain Clark, written soon after his death, by Prof. E. S. Joynes, now of Washington College, we have already had occasion to quote; in concluding that tribute, which is a meed, not less of justice than of praise, Prof J. says : — " As an officer he was devoted to his men and to the inter- ests of the service. As a patriot he surrendered all the luxuries of wealth, and offered up his life in the service of his country. As a friend he was genial, generous and kind. As a goq and brother he was affectionate, devoted and beloved. In every rela- tion of life he Avas above reproach ; in death let his memory be cherished, as in life he was respected and beloved, by all." To conclude this article, nothing could be more appropriate, as surely nothing could be more comforting, than the following extract from a notice by the venerable Bishop Johns, of the Episcopal Church, who knew Captain Claek well : — " Other appropriate obituaries have borne truthful testimony to the manly virtues, social refinement and accomplished education of this patriotic youth, which endeared him to all who knew him, and rendered his early death a costly sacrifice in the cause of his country, and a deep and enduring affliction to his devoted family and friends. " It is to record for their solace and support the clear and decided assurance of their dying relative and associate tliat this notice is penned. ' " To the estimable lady who, during his short and severe illness, ministered to him with maternal tenderness, and who had expressed ^yg.>-| THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 203 to liim her hope of his recovery, he replied — 'I am very ill ; but do not think I am alarmed. I am not afraid to meet my God. If He spares my life, well. If otherwise, I am jperfedly resigned. Ify trust is in Jesus.' " la the battles of IManassas and before Richmond, his brave heart manifested itself in distinguished deeds of gallant bearing ; and in the silence and solemnity of his chamber, when all causes of animal excitement were absent, and he was conscious of the pressure of the cold hand of death, he was calm, collected, and hopeful. Death had no fears to him." He who had nobly laid his worldly wealth, and all he hoped for, even life itself, on the altar of his country, was himself reposing in the arms of Jesus, and could confidently say, ' It is well ' — ' well ' if spared ; * well ' if removed ; * well ' for time and eternity. "We may thus, amidst the merited wreaths which his admiring and grateful survivors shower on his honored grave, discern an unearthly and incorruptible bloom bestowed by the invisible hand of grace, to refresh with its fragrance those who mourn him, and hereafter to bear the precious fruit of eternal life." WARNER L. SELDEN, Private, Co. B, 7tli Virginia Cavali-y. Warner Lewis Seldex, son of Courtnay W. and Robert C. Selden, was born at " Sherwood," Gloucester county, Virginia, March 18th, 1844. He was descended from the Seldens of Norfolk and the Lewises of " Warner Hall," Gloucester, two families that date back as far as the Revolution. Of rare personal beauty, intelligence, strength of purpose, and genuine piety, there is every reason to believe that time only was wanting to develop in Lewis Selden a character rich in noble qualities. As soon as the war began he was, like all the youth of the land, filled with zeal for the cause he deemed sacred, and eager to enter the service at once; but being too young for this, he Avas obliged to content himself with drilling at the University of Virginia, during tlie spring months of that year. At the close of the session he returned home and devoted his attention to the 204 THE UKIVEESITY •MEMORIAL. [August, soldiers in the miserable hospitals at Yorktown. Almost daily he might be seen, carrying every delicacy he could collect ; and later in the season, when his father opened a private hospital at his own farm, it was a pleasure to him to bring many an invalid to receive the benefits of good food, nursing, and change of air. In October, 1861, he returned to the University, and became a student of the academic course. Here, however, he remained only until the completion of his eighteenth year, which occurred the following March. His ardor to enter the army was unabated, and after earnest entreaties he gained the consent of his parents, who having already given two sons to the service, did not feel that the demand for the third was imperative. His young cousin, "William Boswell Selden, of Norfolk, had just fallen at Roanoke Island, and Waener begged that he might avenge his death. He chose a gallant leader — Ashby — and joined his command in the Valley, soon to be to him the " Valley of Death." His regiment was the 7th Cavalry, his company, that commanded by Captain Marshall, of Warren county. The sudden change of climate, the unaccustomed hardship and exposure, made him an easy prey to typhoid fever, by which he was attacked. In a few weeks he was lying prostrate and pining in a tent, unable to join in battle with his comrades as he had coveted. His home had then fallen into the enemy's lines, and all communication with his parents was cut off. No kind friend was there to bear him, as he had borne others, to rest and comfort, for the war was raging, and Ashby had fallen. At last, when too late to be relieved, he was sent, under the care of Rev. Magruder Maury, to Harrisonburg. There he was kindly received by Mr. and Mrs. Crawford Strayer — as a stranger, from pure benevolence and patriotism, for he was too ill at first to give her the necessary directions to his friends. From this gentle lady, assisted in every way by her husband, he received not only the most judicious nursing, but tenderness equal to a mother's. Though worn by sickness, his mind failing from delirium, the beautiful traits of his character shone out during this period, and Mrs. Strayer learned to love for himself one whom she had taken into her house from mere sympathy with his condition. His accounts of his home and his family interested her, and she soon became familiar with the names of all his friends ; and so, when in his delirium he called constantly '-'Henry! 186-2 ] THE UNIVEKSITY MEMOEIAL. 205 Henry ! " she knew that his mind was straying back to the scenes of his childhooil, in which that younger brother had been a con- stant and beloved companion. Oa the 1st day of August, 1862, Lewis Selden died. His remains were carried to Richmond and interred. After the war they were removed to Norfolk, and laid in the family burying- ground. While at tlie University he boarded with Mrs. Carr, and dur- ing his residence there, her son, who had been one of his tutors at "Sherwood," sickened and died. Lewis assisted in nursing him, and by his brotherly attentions won the heart of the bereaved mother. And when, so shortly afterwards, he followed his teaciier to the grave, Mrs. Carr wrote thus to Mrs. Selden : — "I was greatly shocked to see the announcement of dear Lewis's death in the papers. He had left us but a few months before, full of life and spirits. By his sweet and gentlemanly manners he had engaged the affections of all the family here. There never breathed a purer or more manly spirit than his, and his family have the sweet consolation of feeling a certainty that he was perfectly prepared for the change." Henry Selden, whose name Lewis had repeated so often in his last illness, was his junior by just two years. The two brothers had scarcely been separated at all until Lewis became a soldier. Alike in character and purpose as they were, one in heart and soul, they could not be sundered long. Just two years later, Henry entered the service of his country, and shortly after re- ceived a mortal wound at Milford, Page county. Knowing that he could not live, he desired to be carried to Mrs. Strayer's; and on arriving there told that lady he came to beg her help, as he wished to die where Lewis had died. She received him as she had done his brother ; and in a few hours he resigned his breath, with the bright faith of a child of God — having just reached his brother's age, eighteen years. Together they sleep in the same grave at Norfolk, with this simple inscription : "In death not divided." 206 THE UNIVEPvSITY MEMOKIAL. [August, HUGH MORTIMER NELSON, M. A., Major and A. D. C. to General Ewell. When a community or State, surrounded by competitors with equal advantages, produces for a continued series of years a supe- rior class of public men in both civil and military callings, the fair presumption must be, that the body of the people, of which these are the chosen representatives, are of superior mould. For her distinctive characteristics, which have shed such lustre on tlie Old Commonwealth, Virginia is indebted to every class of her citizens, but to none more than that from which the subject of this memoir sprung. Major Hugh Moetimer Nelson was born in Hanover county, Virginia, October 20th, 1811. His father, Mr. Francis Nelson, was the son of that staunch old hero and patriot, General Thomas Nelson, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. General Nelson was the son of Hon. Wm. Nelson, President of the King's Council in the Colony of Virginia, who was a descend- ant of Thomas Nelson, a gentleman who came over from the northern part of England, among the earliest settlers of Virginia. Major Nelson's mother was a Miss Page, of Gloucester county, Virginia, a descendant of Governor Mann Page. He was the youngest of a large family, all of whom reached years of maturity. The rudiments of his education were taught him at h.ome, by an elder brother. At a very early age he gave evidence of that thirst for knowledge which ever after characterized him. At fourteen he was sent to a classical school four miles from home, which distance he walked morning and evening. Here he acquired an enviable reputation for diligence in his studies. Often in after-life he spoke of the notes of the wood-robin, which cheered liim as he trudged to school. He retained through life a pure love of nature ; and the memory of these sweet notes, which solaced his solitary walk, ever after awoke pleasant associations in his mind. At the age of sixteen he was placed at the Academy at Winches- ter, then in charge of Mr. John Bruce, a native of Scotland, and an eminent instructor of youth. He remained in this school two 1I;'G2.] THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 207 years as a pupil, and one as a teacher, retaining through the whole time the coniidence of Mr. Bruce and of all who knew hira. It is well known that his grandfather. General jSTelson, sacrificed an immense fortune in defence of those principles for the main- tenance of which he had pledged his life, his all. His family was impoverished, and anything like a just compensation was refused them by a Congress which, even then, was more amenable to sin- ister influences than to the claims of justice. Mr. Nelson was consequently unable to gratify his desire to prosecute, at the Uni- versity of Virginia, the studies thus auspiciously begun. But a ^'dative of his father, appreciating his wish, kindly assisted him, and in 1830 he matriculated at that institution. The friend who aided him was always cherished with the warmest feelings of gratitude. At that time there were no schools preparatory to the Univer- sity, and on reaching it, Mr. Nelson found that he had almost to begin anew. Consequently his first two years there were spent in most laborious study. Sometimes, when worn down by work, he would get a fellow student to pump water on his head, to arouse him for renewed efforts. At the close of his third year he was graduated Master of Arts, together with James L. Cabell, and Socrates Maupin, now Professors in the University. Previous to this year, this degree had been conferred but once. Mr. Nelson retained through life, the highest regard and ven- eration for his Alma Mater ; and with a keen appreciation of the difficulties he had labored under, he determined to establish a school for the special preparation of young men for the course of study adopted there. He located in Charles City county, where he was enabled by his success to offer a happy home to his wid- owed mother and two sisters. Although always an honorable occu- pation, teaching had not then taken so high a stand as a profession, as it has since done in Virginia. Mr. Nelson Avas the first full graduate of the University who taught in Virginia, and thus was a ])ioneer in a business that has opened a career of honor and usefulness to so many of our best young men. While teaching in Charles City, he suffered a loss which none ever knows but once — his mother sickened and died. This event overwhelmed hira with grief; for, while his character was marked by the sternest qualities of a man, he ceased not to cultivate the tenderest sentiments of the heart. 208 THE UKIVEKSITY MEMORIAL. [August, In the midst of the duties of a successful and popular teacher, jMr. Nelson not only found time for the pleasures of social life, which he both enjoyed and ornamented, but applied himself in- dustriously to the study of law, to which as a profession the bent of his talents and inclination directed him. During a vacation, while spending the summer at one of the Virginia Springs, he met Miss Maria Adelaide Holker, the accomplished daughter of the late Hon. John Holker, Consul-General of France to the Colonies during the Revolutionary War. A mutual attachment springing up between them, they were married in the following November, and took up their residence in Baltimore, where, after some preliminary study, Mr. Nelson was admitted to the bar. Pecuniary considerations, however, induced him to leave Balti- more before he had made much progress in the practice of his profession; but he felt, ever afterwards, that this step was the great mistake of his life. Returning to Virginia, he purchased Long Branch, the estate of his relative, the late Philip Nelson, Esq., in Clarke county. Here the talents which would have distinguished him at the bar, were turned into a different channel, and he became an enterpris- ing, progressive farmer. In this capacity, too, he was eminently successful, and made for liimself a State reputation, rarely return- ing from the agricultural fairs, so frequent before the war, with- out almost an undue proportion of premiums. His hospitable board was enriched by handsome goblets and silver services obtained in these civic contests. Amid these pursuits, he still retained his love for literature, and his leisure hours were spent with the best authors, ancient and modern. As yet, no reference has been made to Mr. Nelson's religious character. Early in life he attached himself to the Episcopal Church, and he was a habitual and liberal supporter of all reli- gious and benevolent enterprises. The resolution jjassed by the Vestry of Christ Church, Millwood, of which he was a member, gives a faithful delineation of his character, so far as it could be done in a few words : — " Ever cheerful, ever trustful, seeking but to do his whole duty as a high-toned Christian gentleman That in his death they feel that each one of them has lost a warm and valued friend ; the community a public-spirited citizen ; the country a devoted patriot , and the Church one of its most useful members." This was far from being a merely complimentary jSgoj . THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 209 form; it was the simple expression of the convictions of those who passed it. In this connection, it is clue to truth to add, that while he was devoted to the Church of which he was a member, he was no bigoted sectarian. Mr. Nelson had not long enjoyed his country home, before he met with a serious accident, which impaired his health, and caused him the most acute suffering. By the advice of his physicians he was induced to consult some of the most eminent surgeons of Europe; and thus the accident was not an unmitigated evil, as it was the cause of his travelling; abroad for several months. The object he sought was accomplished in Paris, where he spent the greater portion of his time, occupying his large leisure in those pursuits which are especially attractive to an American scholar. Having always had a fondness for the study of military tactics, he had here, probably, the best opportunity the world then afforded, of observing the movements of large bodies of soldiery, of all arms. His specialty was cavalry, and he was enabled here to make valuable observations in that branch, in Mhich he himself was yet to do actual service. He was in Paris in the revolu- tionary year 1848, and saw the massing of immense bodies of troops in the Champ de liars. He was in the midst of the fight- ing in the barricades, and witnessed the horrors of civil war, which he afterwards labored so faithfully to avert from his own beloved country. Returning home from Europe with improved, though not restored health, he felt anxious that Virginia should have an efficient military organization. He accordingly raised, and for many years kept in fine drill, the company afterwards noted in the war as the " Clarke Cavalry," of the 6th Virginia Regiment. This seemed to some of his friends a useless precaution, but future events proved his wisdom. When the ominous cloud, which had been so long gathering, covered the political skies, and the question of Secession was forced upon Virginia, Mr. Nelson remained firm for the Union. When a Convention was called to decide the question, his people cast about them f )r the best man to represent them in council. He seemed to come naturally before the Union peoj)le of Clarke county, and was elected to the Convention by a large majority. Mr. Nelson took his seat in that body, with the conviction that the path of duty, as of safety, for Virginia, lay in adhering to the 14 210 THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. . [August, Union and demanding our rights. At the same time he M'as determined to follow the fortunes of his State. It required all his firmness to pursue the course he had marked out for himself, as most of his personal friends in Richmond, having adopted a policy opposed to his, urged him, by every means, to abandon the views which they thought dishonoring to Virginia. He wrote thus, February 20th, 1861 : — " The Convention has been engaged for the last two days in hearing the Commissions from Mississippi, South Carolina, and Georgia. Mr. John S. Preston, of South Carolina, made a very brilliant speech yesterday. It did not move me the least from my propriety. The action of the Con- vention will be very conservative, as I think it is a very conserva- tive body. The Secessionists are exercising all sorts of outside pressure, but, I hope, with no avail. At least I can speak for myself." March 11th, he wrote: — "I hope we shall now soon bring our labors to a close. God grant they may be effectual to preserve the Union, and, at the same time, to preserve our rights. The times demand of us all the utmost prudence, discretion, calmness, for- bearance; and yet the Secessionists would have us go out in hot haste, which, in my opinion, would result in anarchy and ruin." As he saw the madness of the Government in refusing any con- cessions to the just demands of the South, his letters became more hopeless of peace. He wrote, April 13th : — " We hear of wars and rumors of wars. AVhat will be the issue, God only knows. I fear the Confederate States have been very precipitate. We are in the hands of the Almighty, and I doubt not He will order all things well." April 10th, 1861 : — " I am writing to-day with a sad and heavy heart. I never felt so sad since the day my mother died. This day an ordinance of Secession will be passed, which will sever Virginia from the Union ; and then, indeed, the Union will be gone forever. As long as Virginia remained in, there was hope of reconstruction ; but the wretched Lincoln, by his outrageous and usurping course, has swept every inch of ground which we Union men were standing on, from under us, and we must be car- ried headlong over the precipice of revolution. When I think of the past, and look forward to the future, it almost unnerves me." A gentleman of Mr. Nelson's cultivation, large acquaintance, I860.] THE UNIVEESITY MEMOKIAL. 211 and character, must of necessity have taken a prominent stand in any body of which he was a member. In the Convention he offered a series of resolutions, which were referred to the Com- mittee on Federal Relations, the substance of which w^as embodied in the majority report of that committee. The resolutions were supported in an able and characteristic speech, delivered before the Convention in committee of the whole. Not as presenting the arguments of a party, but as characteristic of a true patriot and accomplished gentleman, one or two extracts from this speech will not appear misplaced. The report says : — Mr. Nelson continued — " This ultimatum I would present in the calm and dignified language of settled purpose. If it be heeded, the tide of fanaticism rolled back, peace and harmony re- stored, this great Republic, returning to its ancient usages, acting within the scope of its constitutional limitations, will go on to illustrate the grand theory of popular sovereignty, and to perpet- uate the great blessings of liberty, prosperity, and happiness to us and our posterity. If, unfortunately, it should be unheeded, then, conscious of having done all that forbearance can do, wisdom suggest, or patriotism demand, to save from destruction this glo- rious Union, we will — nay, of necessity then must — withdraw from a confederacy no longer compatible with our interest and our honor. "But, Mr. President, the question is asked on the other side, 'In case the Gulf States will not come back into the confederacy, will you go with the South or with the North?' Do gentlemen mean to forget or ignore the Border Slave States ? Sir, I will not ignore them. They are a mighty empire, embracing within themselves all the elements of greatness and power. They contain at this time a population double that of the Gulf States; and I for one, Mr. Chairman, am prepared to say, if I can get such guarantees as will be satisfactory to Virginia and to the Border Slave States, much as I deplore a separation from them, though they will have my strongest sympathies and my best wishes for their prosperity, I will not consent, so far as my humble influence will effect it, to take Virginia out of the Union ; and in this my action, I shall be guided solely by what I think will be for the interest of Virginia. For, Sir, of all the stars upon the National flag, the star of Virginia is/ the bright, particular star ' tiiat fills my vision. To her I owe my first allegiance; to her 1 212 THE UNIVEKSITY MEMORIAL. [August, am bound by the strongest ties. Sir, if any man can liave a birth- right in Virginia, I have one. All my ancestors, for nearly two hundred years, have lived and died in Virginia. Sir, I cannot say, with the eloquent gentleman from Kanawha, that I never left Virginia. Stern necessity once compelled me to leave her border. I felt an exile from my native land. I thought of her by day, and dreamed of her by night. When laid upon the bed of sickness, in the delirium of fever, I was crying out to be taken back to Old Virginia. I never breathed freely until I got back within her bounds. Yes, Sir, the memories of the dead enter into my love for Virginia; the potent associations of childhood bind me to her; all the joys and all the griefs of my manhood have daguerreotyped her on my heart ; and I can say, as Mary of England said of Calais — ' when I am dead, take out my heart and you will find Virginia engraved upon it. May she be my home through life, and when I am dead, may my ashes repose within her soil.'" The more argumentative portion of Mr. Kelson's remarks were forcible and telling. But when any subject has been thoroughly discussed, the facts and deductions from them are common property. It is in the outburst of feeling and sentiment that we find more that is peculiarly characteristic of individuals. One moi'e extract will be necessary to show how clearly he dis- cerned the ruin and disaster that would fall, not only on the whole South, but peculiarly on those whom he represented : — "I come," he said, "I come from the sparkling Shenandoah^ ' daughter of the stars,' as its name imports. I live within a day's march of the Thermopylae of Virginia. That Valley, now beauti- ful and peaceful ' as the Vale of Tempe, may be a very Bochim — a place of weeping.' These growing fields, 'where lowing herds wind slowly o'er the lea,' may become fields of blood. Can you blame me, then, if I wish to try all peaceful means, consistent with Virginia's honor, of obtaining our rights before I try the last resort? I promise you, when the contest does come, if come it must, the people whom I have the honor to represent on this floor, will meet it like men. I hope, in that event, I shall not be wanting to ray duty. If I know myself, I will try and not disgrace that commission which I hold, which Avas presented to me by the gentleman from Princess Anne, when Governor of the State. Ig02.3 THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 213 " When Virginia spreads her broad banner to tlie breeze, and gives me my orders, no Mohammedan ever followed the sacred banner of the Prophet with greater zeal than I will follow her standard. I hope, if need be, ' I will follow it to the death.' " But the eloquence of Demosthenes must have failed when it Avas announced that Mr. Lincoln had issued a proclamation call- ing for men to coerce the seceded States. What had been to that moment a strongly conservative and Union body, was driven to secession ; and Mr. Nelson found himself, with a vast majority of the State, compelled by the logic of events to accept it as the only honorable course, and he, without hesitation, affixed his signature to the Ordinance of Secession, as his ancestor had to the Declaration of Independence. And now, although at an age when he might, without fear of injurious reflection, have relinquished the hardships of the field to younger men, he immediately sought service. He was not then in command of the cavalry company organized by himself some years previously ; but he had many of the qualities that should have given him high rank as a cavalry officer. Fearless, active, intelligent and devoted, he was one of the best riders in a State famous for her horsemen. But it is well known that at the beginning of the war, the prejudices of the powers at Richmond ran so exclusively in favor of West Point men, and the eleves of the Virginia Military Institute, that, with the exception of a few- prominent politicians, it was exceedingly difficult for others to obtain regimental appointments. When the war actually broke out, Mr. Nelson was in Pich- mond attending the Convention, which adjourned in April to meet again in June. During his absence from home the volunteer companies of Clarke county had been assembled at Harper's Ferry and mustered into service; so that very few available men re- mained. Immediately upon his return from the June session of the Convention, he set about raising a company of cavalry. He rode constantly, and by dint of extraoixlinary exertion — offering as an inducement to volunteer, to some a horse, to others a bounty — at length collected forty men, and with these he reported for duty to General Johnston, who employed him in watching the move- ments of Patterson. In this capacity he rendered most efficient service by his intelligence and activity, in deluding that officer, and thus preventing his junction with McDowell's army at 214 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [August, Manassas — a junction that would probably Lave given a very dif- ferent conclusion to a day so brilliant in Confederate annals. He was thus employed until Johnston moved to Manassas, when the men whom he had with such difficulty collected, not having been regularly mustered into service, disbanded. A vacancy having occurred in the captaincy of his old com- pany, the Clarke Cavalry, he was elected to fill it, on the day of the first battle of Manassas. Immediately on hearing of this election, notwithstanding his very delicate health, he set oif to assume the command, but of necessity too late to take part in that glorious day, which was to him a keen disappointment. On taking charge of his company. Captain I^elson was constantly employed on picket duty by Colonel J. E. B. Stuart, to whose regiment his command was attached. A letter from General Stuart, now before the writer, evinces the high esteem in which he held Captain Nelson as an officer. And so, in truth, did all under whom he served at any time dur- ing the war, unite in testifying to his high qualities as a cavalry commander, as well as in expressing their regret that the army should have lost his services by the silly blunder of the reor- ganization in 1862 — a blunder which almost ensured the dis- placement of good officers and strict disciplinarians. From the time when Virginia first girded herself for the great struggle, Captain Nelson looked forward for a glorious future for the South, never doubting of the independence for which he fought. His letters from the field were uniformly cheerful. Instead of complaining of the hardships which his delicate frame felt so severely, he wrote to cheer and animate those who were inclined to despond. But that he did suffer bitterly may be gathered from his expressions in his last moments, when delirium had relaxed his self-control. " How I have suffered ! " he would exclaim ; "how I have suffered ! scorched by the sun by day, and by night frozen with the cold ! " Captain Nelson remained with Colonel Stuart until the latter was promoted, when he procured a transfer of his company to the 6th Virginia Cavalry, then under Colonel Field, Avho, also, after- wards won his General's wreath. During the winter of '61— 62 he was kept constantly on outpost duly, with the exception of a short visit to his fauiily. In the meantime he had greatly im- proved the discipline of his command, which distinguished itself through the war for efficiency and gallantry. 1862,] THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 215 At the reorganization of the army in the spring of 1862, as before intimated, he was not re-elected. He was, however, soon called into service again by a letter from General Ewell, request- ing him to act as his aide-de-camp. Tiiis position — with the rank of Major of Cavalry — although inadequate to his abilities as a soldier, he at once accepted, and as promptly reported him- self for duty. On the 23d of May, General Ewell captured Front Eoyal and pressed on to Winchester ; that night Major Nelson paid a flying visit to his dear ones at home — the last ever pernjitted him. On the following morning he rode over to the village of Millwood, to learn something of the movements of the army. When in sight of the village he saw a body of men advancing, and, taking them for Confederate cavalry, he rode up and accosted them, inquiring the number of their regiment. Finding from their answer that he was surrounded by Yankees, he wheeled his horse and gave him the rein. He was fired on and pursued for miles, but his gallant " Victor" bore hira safely into our lines. That night he joined General Ewell and participated in that celebrated Valley Campaign, which at once elevated General Jackson into the rank of great captains. Space does not permit us to follow Major Nelsox through the dangers, excitements and glories of this campaign, commencing at Front Koyal and Winchester, closing amid the thunders of Malvern Hill. The history of these works does not belong to a paper like this; but the ciiivalrous bearing of General Ewell's aide, through all this series of brilliant victories, is attested by the following letter, written the day after his death : — "August 7th, 1862. " AV. D. Meriwether, Esq., "Dear Sir: — I could not have believed it possible to be so grieved at the death of one, a short time since a stranger, as I am at the afflicting blow that has removed Major Hugh M. Nel- son. His devotion to the cause of his country, his bravery, sense, in siiort his eminent qualities as a soldier and gentleman, have impressed deeply myself, as well as all those brought in contact with him. " These are mere facts, and the more important as in this war, more than anywhere else, the people stand on their own merit. 216 THE UjS^IVERSITY MEMORIAL. [August, " His life, under Providence, was sacrificed, I fear, to his too great anxiety to take the field while still under the influence of disease. Major Nelsox was at the affair of Strasburg in June, the battle of Cross Keys, Port Republic, and the terrible conflicts below Richmond. It is useless to say that on those days he showed the bravery and devotion to which his descent entitle him; all who knew him need not be informed of this, but I take pleasure in offering a feeble tribute to modesty, worth and patriot- ism. He received a contusion at Cold Harbor, June 27tli, but, except this, escaped uninjured the exposure of the other battles. " Be so kind as to communicate to his family my grief as well for them as for the loss to the country. I make no idle compli- ments to his memory; my expressions seem to me feeble in con- veying my sense of either the official or social loss. "Should my duties permit, I will attend the funeral. My staff will be present. Yours, R. S. EWELL." That letter anticipates the event. His frame, enfeebled by bad health, could not endure the rude shocks he bore with such uncom- plaining fortitude. The record, common as it was a few years ago, is touching : First, there is a surgeon's certificate that leave of absence was necessary, and that he could not return to duty for ten days. The " ten days" ran into eternity, and he was " off duty " forever ! Early in the month of July he went to the house of his cousin, Mr. Keating Nelson, in Albemarle county. A violent attack of typhoid fever developed itself. All that medical skill and kind friends could do, was done ; but in vain. He knew for some time before the event, thatdeath was approaching ; but instead of gloom, tlie knowledge brought joy and gladness. He felt keenly for those Avho were bound close to his heart; but he knew in whom he trusted, and his faith never wavered for a moment. A faithful friend who was with him wrote thus, August 8th, 1862, immediately after his death: — "Truly, I felt it a privilege to listen to him, to hear his testimony to the glorious salvation of which he was assured. 'Saved by grace,' he repeated again and ajain. 'I am safe, safe in the Lord Jesus.' All his views were bright: no cloud obscured his hope of Heaven." Another, who joined him soon after, wrote of his wonderful serenity and his triumphant trust in his Saviour. " I am in sweet 1^-62.] THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 217 hands — safe in the arms of the Lord Jesus," were liis words. A little after he exclaimed, " Glorious brightness ! " One who sat close by, asked, " Where does it come from ? " " Straight from my Saviour's countenance," he replied immediately. His message to his wife and children was " to stand still and wait on the Lord for salvation." On the 6th day of August, 1862, his brave spirit winged its way to the bosom of its God. And we add, reverently and trust- fully, " Let me die the death of the righteous, and let my last end be like his." THOMAS PEESTON McDOWELL, Private, 2d Rockbridge Artillery. "T!ie best history of a nation," some great writer has re- marked, "is written in the biography of her sons." If this be true of all nations — and who can doubt it ? — then, pre- eminently, is it true of the State and people of Virginia in the ex- citing crisis of her existence out of which, " Avith garments rolled in blood," and face marred with weeping, sorrowing, suffering, stricken in every sacred right, she has but just emerged. No mother ever boasted a goodlier or truer race. No sons ever served a noble mother with loftier enthusiasm, more unselfish affection, unflagging zeal, unswerving fidelity, unfaltering courage^ or more unquestioning obedience. Feeling her honor impeached, her rights infringed, and her borders threatened with invasion, her call to arms, like the blast of Fitz James's bugle, in an instant, as by magic, peopled the smiling valleys and quiet mountain-tops with men bristling in armor, ready and eager for the fray. And further and further away, beyond the bounds of her own domain, her sons, sheltered by other banners than her's caught the echoes of tliat battle-cry, and hastened to the rescue. They had no impulse other than the love they bore to her and to her rights. She had no bribes with which to lure them to her side; for empty of jewels and gold, she bore in one hand but a simple chaplot of leaves to grace the honored brow of a living son, and in the other only an immortelle to drop upon the grave of the no less honored and cherished one who had laid down his life for her sake. 218 THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. [August, Of those sons dwelling beyond her limits, there was not one who yielded a more prompt response to her call, than the subject of this brief memoir. Thomas Preston McDowell, youngest son of Governor James McDowell, was born at the residence of his maternal grandfather, General Francis Preston, in Abingdon, Virginia, July 5th, 1836. Losing in childhood the tender care of a most excellent mother, he was at a still more critical period of life — that in which a boy is transferred from the high school to the college — again deprived of parental oversight and anxious watchfulness, and the firm hand of paternal control and guidance by the death of his father. Thenceforward his education was confided to his uncle and guar- dian. Colonel Thomas L. Preston, Avho, himself a much attached alumnus of the University of Virginia, sent his young ward, after a short time at Washington College, to his own cherished Alma Mater . Unambitious of a professional career, on attaining his majority, young McDowell married and established his home in the neighborhood of Abingdon. In a few years, however, beguiled by the accounts that reached him of the rich lands and bright prospects of farmers in Texas, he left his quiet home in Western Virginia, and after a brief sojourn at Seguin (the county town), settled on a ranche a few miles dis- tant from it, on the banks of the beautiful Gaudaloupe river in Gaudaloupe county, Texas. "Roughing it in the bush," he here gathered his herds and built a log dwelling for his little family. By his genial temper, his aifectionate disposition, his kind con- sideration of the feelings of those about him ; by his honorable character and attractive social qualities, he soon made friends in his strange home — friends who still cherish his memory with kindest regard. But he had small space here for the development of his powers, either as a citizen or farmer, for the rumble of hostilities on our Atlantic frontier already sounded across the continent. A Seces- sionist in principle, he was standing on Texan ground, cap in hand, waiting for the action of Virginia, and ready, when the word came, to go, that he might defend his native State upon her own soil. Pending the short delay of his departure, he joined Ben McCulioh's Texan Rangers, and proceeded to San Antonio against i8j2.1 ' THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. 219 Major-General Twiggs, of the United States Army. It M-as a bloodless victory, the old General yielding his sword withont a blow, because he would not wield it against his native South. Early in April, 1862, he reached Lexington, Virginia, his old home; and immediately entering the service as a private in the 2d Rockbridge Battery, under his brother-in-law, (Reverend) Captain John Miller, reported himself for duty in camp on Alle- ghany Mountain, Pocahontas county. General Edward Johnson commanding. He was from the beginning in active service, being present at the engagement at McDowell, which was the opening of that splendid Valley campaign, under Stonewall Jackson, which has rendered that General and his comrades forever illustrious. Young INIcDowell's militaiy career was short, only three months; but in its rapidly shifting scenes, its long forced marches and hard fights, he won from his Captain (one who had succeeded his brother-in-law) an expression of commendation for his " distinguished gallantry," and bore to the grave the scar of a wound received at Port Republic. During a temporary withdrawal of his command from active service, he died in camp at Gordons ville, Virginia, the 11th of August, 1862. The power that distinguished Tom McDowell, of attaching others to him, was due to an eminently cordial address, to his manners, refined and courteous to a very high degree, and to a generosity of spirit, soon discov-ered and warmly apjireciated by those who became his neighbors. These traits, with fine powers of speech, and a bold free pen in what he attempted of written rhetoric, would have made him a conspicuous ornament to the University, if he had devoted him- self to a political career. AVILLIAM B. MEREDITH, M.A., 1st Lieutenant, aud Adjutant, Bichardson^s BattaUon of ArtiHery. William Beenaed Meeedith was the son of lion. John A. and Sarah Ann Meredith, of Richmond, and was born at Port 220 THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. " [August, Royal, Caroliue county, Va., October 8tli, 1839, at the residence of his grandmother, Mrs. Sarah Bernard. On both sides he v.ns connected with some of the oldest and best families of Virginia, and his father is one of the purest and most honored of Vir- ginia judges. In youth he was distinguished for almost womanly gentleness, joined to an unusual fondness for athletic sports. When he entered Richmond College as a student, he was very young, and seemed younger than he really was.'' His cleai", bright eye, his hair slightly curling in the neck, his erect carriage and dignified bearing, and withal his pleasant genial face, made him a boy of mark. In a class composed of students older than himself, he was among the best. He received his diploma as Bachelor of Arts in June, 1856, not having yet completed his seventeenth year. Although so young, such had been the diligence with which he had improved his excellent opportunities, that there were few men who had a wider or better acquaintance with general literature. In the fall of 1855, the class met one morning in the lecture-room of the Professor of Mathematics, before the hour for lecture. " We were talking of the books we had read during the vacation just closed. One remarked that he had spent much time in reading poetry, and that for the first time he had just read 'Rokeby.' Then turning to another member of the class — the best scholar in it — he asked him if he had ever read ' Rokeby.' A little confused, he hesitated a moment, and then said, ' I think I have read some of Mr. Rokeby's poems.' " The writer can never forget the confused look of young Meredith, or the surprise with which he said, "Well! H , don't you know any better than that?" He himself was Avell up in the mysteries and beauties of Walter Scott. From Richmond College he went to the University of Virginia, where he took the Master's degree at the commence- ment of 1859. He was the first Master of Arts of the Uni- versity whose father had taken that degree there before him. After leaving the University he became a student of law in his father's office, and under his father's direction. One who was much with him at that time says : — '' I was not only struck by the extent of his reading, but by the facility with which he could use the information he had laid up; and still more, with the readi- ness with which he advanced in his legal studies. I was likewise struck with the logical trait of mind he displayed in the discus- lies.] THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. 221 sions I frequently provoked -with him. His reasoning faculty Avas the leading faculty of his mind, and was wonderfully devel- oped for one of his :ige. If it had pleased God to spare him, and he liad pursued the study of the law, he would have made a great lawyer; and his thorough education would have enabled him to adorn the profession with literary and scholastic embellishments of a verv high order." Tliis estimate of his abilities is not too high. His rare powers of intellect fully justified high anticipa- tions of a brilliant and distinguished career. Bernard Meredith was very much opposed to the war. He thought it could be avoided without dishonor, and that it should be avoided. But when the war came, he did not hesitate to seek a position in which he might render some service to his native State. His friends thought he could not endure the hardships of the camp, and proposed to secure for him some civil employment. But supposing the army to be the place of duty, he joined an artillery company raised at Ashland, Hanover county. Of this company Pichegr i Woolfolk was chosen Captain, and young Meredith First Lieutenant. He entered the service in July, 1861, and was with his company at Manassas during the winter of 1861-62 ; he moved with the army to Yorktown in the spring, and fell back with it to Richmond. In the spring of 1862 he was made Adjutant of Major Charles Richardson's battalion of Artillery, and remained in service until he was stricken with the disease of which he died. In August, 1862, he went home on sick leave, no more to return to the army; and on the 22d of that month passed away from earth. His disease was typhoid fever. In the fall of 1860, I think it was, I met him in the dusk of evening coming out of his father's house on Grace street, in Rich- mond, and we walked up the street together. -He was full of hope for the future. His mind so deeply in sympathy with books, was likewise in sympathy with nature. We were "stepping west- ward," and we watched a huge dark cloud as it boiled up from beneath the horizon and floated on in space. Just before us the evening star was shining in quiet, tranquil beauty. The cloud approached and the star trembled for a muimiit upon its dark verge, and was then engulfed. It was a beautiful and suggestive scene, and did not fail to touch our hearts. Alas! that it should have been typical of his own bright, hopeful life, so soon overcast by the dark cloud of death. It was the last time I saw him, 222 THE UKIVEKSITY MEMOKIAL. [August, except once for a few minutes, in his gray uniform as an officer of artillery. His high cultivation, liis quitek, clear perceptions, his geuial nature, his great abilities, bespoke a high place in the annals of Virginia and the country ; but — he died. WILLIAM S. H. BAYLOR,* Colonel, 5th Virginia Infantry, and Acting Brigadier-General "Stonewfill Brigade." William Smith Hanger Baylor was born in Augusta county, Virginia, on the 7th day of April, 1831. He fell at the head of the " Stonewall Brigade," bearing its battle-worn banner in his own Jiands, and leading in the final charge which crowned with victory that unrelenting three days' bloody struggle on the fields of Manassas, on Saturday evening, August 30th, 1862. His mother's maiden name was Eveline Evans Hanger. His father was Jacob Baylor, an old magistrate and successful farmer of Augusta county. An only son, generous, ardent, and affection- ate, with a most pleasing person and cordial address, he was the idol of fond parents and the favorite of hosts of friends. His early youth, as a bright and cloudless morning, passed pleasantly away amid the familiar scenes of his childhood's home. His school-boy days were spent in the academy of the accomplished and lamented Lyttleton Waddell, in Staunton. In his seventeenth year he became a student of Washington College, and ever after- wards was remarked among his associates for the zeal and devotion he manifested and felt for the welfare of his Alma Mater. He was a leading member of the Graham Society, zealous in its interests and eloquent in its debates, and was chosen the anniver- sary orator at the session of 1849-50. He graduated with credit at the College commencement in June, 1850. He entered the University of Virginia the succeeding session as a student of Law. In 1851 he returned to the precincts of Washington College, around which ever clustered so many of his most cherished asso- ciations, and continued the study of Law under the Hon. John W. Brockenbrough. At the University again in 1852-53 he *This sketch appeared first in "The Collegian," of Lexington, Va. Some minor changes, however, were made by Mr. C. when he offered it to " The Memorial." J8C2.J THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL, 223 completed the Law course, and delivered the " final " oration by election of the Jefferson Society. In November, 1853, he was admitted to the practice of his profession in his native county, and in 1857 he was elected Commonwealth's Attorney for the town of Staunton, and continued in that office through successive elections as long as he lived, discharging its duties to the fullest satisfaction of the Court and the communityo He Avas elected Captain of the " West Augusta Guards," a spirited volunteer company of Staunton, and devoted himself with such ardor to its interests, that soon, in the perfection of its equipments and efficiency of its drill, it was unsurpassed by any company in Virginia. At the first signal of trouble in the " John Brown raid," it marched to Harper's Ferry ; but its youthful Cap- tain — then on his bridal tour, having been married in October to Miss Hawes Johnson, of King William county — was at the time prostrated with typhoid fever in the city of New York, and so greatly did he chafe to be with it, and where he thought his duty called, that often in the delirium of fever he imagined himself in command of his company, and not all the endearments of a devoted bride could divert his thoughts from the engrossing theme. The volunteer companies of Augusta were organized together as the " 5th Regiment of Virginia Volunteers," and in the spring of 1861, Captain Baylor was elected its colonel. Daring the war this regiment — modified by substituting two infantry com- panies from Winchester in place of the artillery and cavalry com- panies, which were transferred to their appropriate organizations — became famous as one of the leading regiments of the immortal "Stonewall Brigade." On that historic day of the adoption of the ordinance of Seces- sion by Virginia, the 17th of April, 1861, with the authority of only a telegram from Governor Letcher, with the notice of only two hours' time, the " West Augusta Guards" and the "Staunton Artil- lery " started on a special train for Harper's Ferry. Couriers were sent with orders, starting as promptly the other companies of the regiment to follow. And on tlie night of the 18th of April, together with the companies from the University and Char- lottesville, the Warren Countv Rifles, and the 2d Virginia reo-i- mcnt, and the famous " Bhick Horse Cavalry," led by the peer- less Asliby, all under command of General Kenton Harper, of Augusta, they took hostile possession of Harper's Ferry, with its 224 THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. [August, large armament and valuable stores and military maeliinery, so indispensable at that juncture to arm and equip the troops of the South. This handful of volunteers held this vital point — within less than four hours' travel of the Federal metropolis — until all its invaluable stores and machinery were removed to a place of security. In the substitution of the volunteer for the militia organiza- tion, and the razeeing of officers accordingly under orders of Vir- ginia, Major General Harper was appointed as Colonel of the 5th regiment, Brigadier-General W. H. Harman as Lieutenant- Colonel, and Colonel Baylor as Major; and all the forces at Har- per's Ferry were put under command of Colonel Jackson — after- wards the world-renowned " Stonewall" Jackson. On the 2d of July, in the skirmish which cliecked tlie foi-mid- able advance of Patterson at Falling Waters, was shed the first blood on the since famous arena of the Valley of Virginia. The skirmish line was commanded by the gallant and lamented Ken- ton Harper, and Baylor led the left of the line. The brilliancy of the alFciir elicited the most generous applause throua;hout the South, and gave a prestige and edat to the gallantry of the Valley Volunteers that inspired and incited them afterwards in many a fierce and bloody fray. And on that 21st of July, 1861, on Manassas' memorable plains, where the impulsive valor of tlie Southern soldiers won such signal renown, the command in which the subject of our sketch was ever so cons})icuous for spirit and ardor won its name for his- tory. It was in the immediate presence of Colonel Harper, of the 5th — himself the soul of chivalry (and who often recited the incident to the M'riter) — that the lamented Bee, while engaged in rallying his retreating troops, exclaimed, "See these Virginians, standing like a stone wall!" — thus affixing for immortality the prenomen of "Stonewall Jackson," and identifying forever his undying name with the since historic fame of that battle-scarred brigade, — " The old brigade be loved so well, The mouutaiu men who bound him With bays of their own winning, ere A tardier fame had crowned him." On the reorganization under the act of the Confederate Con- gress, on the 19th April, 1862, Major Baylor was unanimously 1862.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 225 elected Colonel again of the 5th Regiment, and remained in its command through its subsequent eventful history to his fall. At the defeat of Banks at Winchester, May, 1862, Colonel Baylor, leading the advance, had his horse killed under him at the Court House. In the seven days' battles around Richmond he was distinguished bv his characteristic enthusiasm, and was officially commended by the commander of his brigade. Shortly after the battle of Cedar Run, 9th of August, 1862, where the brave General Winder fell. Colonel Baylor was assigned to the command of the Stonewall Brigade, and was recommended by General Stonewall Jackson for a Brigadier- General's wreath. Under his command, once more amid the giant struggles upon the already famous arena of Manassos, the old brigade ever steadily maintained its well-won laurels. Its division comman- der. General Taliaferro, says of it in his official report of the battle of 2Sth of August: — "The gallantry and heroism displayed by our troops is beyond all praise. The 1st Brigade was more exposed than any other, and more than sustained the reputation which under the leadership of the Major-General commanding, on the same field over twelve months ago, it achieved, and which has distinguished its veteran troops in many of the hardest fought battles of the war. " Colonel Baylor, 5th Virginia, who commanded it, was worthy of his heroic command: no more exalted recognition of his worth and services can be uttered, and no higher tribute can be paid him, than to declare that he was worthy of the command of the Stonewall Brigade in the action of the 28th ultimo." After the bloody fighting on the 29th, on that night, while the brigade was resting on its arms, Colonel Baylor sent for his beloved comrade, the brave and lamented Hugh A. White, Cap- tain of the Liberty Hall Volunteers, and invited him to hold a prayer-meeting at the headquarters of the brigade on the field ; and there amid the mingled dead and dying of both armies, on tliat field of fearful carnage, these two young heroes united in humble prayer to the God of Battles. The next day it was Cap- tain White who caught the colors from Baylor'h dying grasp, and in a few brief moments himself fell draped in its gory folds — thus " not divided in death." It was during the terrific throes of the last hours of that fearful 15 226 THE UNIVERSITY MEMOIMAJ.. [Anguet. contest, on the evening of the SOtli of August, when the faltering lines of the Federal forces Avere writhing in one desperate struggle to save from utter defeat, when the roar of artillery and the peal of musketry blended in one mighty diapason to death, the Stone- wall Brigade advanced upon the final and fearful charge ; in that storm of shot and shell the riddled battle-flags of its war-worn regiments dropped one after another from the stricken hands of its bearers, Bayloii caught up from the field the standard of the 33d, and while waving forward the colors and cheering onward the charge, fell in death. •' Over the volley's din Loud be it rung — '■Follow one ! — Follow me! ' Soldier, oh ! could there be Paeai! or dirge for thee Loftier sung ? " His body was tenderly borne from that field of his fame, and brought back by sorrowing comrades — but in honor — to the home of his boyhood. And under the shadows of the oaks in the old churchyard at Hebron, amid the graves of his kindred, he sleeps his last sleep ; and now by his side, in the space left sacred for her — only too soon to fill — lies his heart-broken mother, ever dearer to him than life itself. His grave is marked by a marble obelisk, simply inscribed : — Colonel WM. S. H. BAYLOR, Born April 7th, 1831; Fell while leading the Stonewall Brigade in the second battle of Manassas, August 30th, 1862. Beloved in life by all with icJiom he lived. Honored in death by all for tchom he died. THOMAS G. COLEMAN, Jr. Junior 2d Lieutenant and Acting Captain. Company K. 3d Virginia Infantry Thomas Gordon Coleman, Jr., son of the late Thomas Gor- don Coleman, Sr., of Halifax county, Virginia, was born June 29th, 1833. In the autumn of 1853 — a few months after attaining his twentieth year — he matriculated as a student at the Univer- isr.o.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 227 sity of Virginia, and pursued his studies in that institution with creditable success during the sessions of 1853-54, '54-55, and '55-56. On the 25th of the following November he was married to Isabella, daughter of Hon. Alexander Rives. From this date until the eventful period of which this work especially treats, there was notiiing in his quiet, retired life to interest the public. On the 26th of April, 1861, he enlisted as a private in the "Halifax Light Infantry," Company Iv, 3d Virginia regiment. His command was stationed near Richmond and at Ashland until the 18th of ]May, when it was ordered to the defence of the Pen- insula. At Yorktown the troops were compelled to do hard manual labor in throwing up fortifications, and Tom Coleman^ although totally unused to the axe and spade, performed both patiently and cheerfully the service of a private soldier. On the 10th of June the battle of Bethel was fought — an action which at this distance seems little more than a skirmish. AYlien it is remembered, however, that this was the first essay of a raw, citizen soldiery against odds (nearly five to one), probably as great as the SouthiCrners had to contend v/ith at any subsequent time, its importance will not need to be magnified. The conduct of Magruder's little force on this field was a prophecy of the fierce spirit and the stubborn resistance with which the Federals would be met at every point, and its moral influence as such was felt throughout tiio country. Company K, commanded by Captain Gramuiar, here held the post of honor. ''I have given you," said General Magruder to Captain G., after disposing his troops, " I have given you what I consider the most dangerous and the most important position. You must defend it to the last breath." This was his right flank, wduch the enemy attacked only with field-pieces ; " but that made our position all the harder to stand to," said a member of the company writing from the field, "as we . had to stand still and receive the hottest kind of a fire without being able to return it." This statement every tried soldier knows to be strictly true; yet like vetera^is, the "Halifax Light Infantry" held the post until ordered by the commanding General to reen- force those companies of the regiment which had been driven back under Colonel Stuart. When the enemy became aware of the approaching support they retired, and the battle closed. A few days after the battle of Bethel, the 3d Virginia was ordered to Williamsburg, and remained there until late in the 228. THE UIv'IVERSITY MEMORIAL. [Aui^nst, fall. About the 1st of December Company Iv wont into winter- quarters at Smithfiekl, but in the spring it returned to the Penin- sula, and took part in the frequent skirmishing about Yorktown. It was during their stay at Smithfield that Mr. Coleman was advanced by his comrades to the office of Junior Second Lieu- tenant. In the month of April, 1862, Lieutenant Coleman's health gave way under the exposure in the low country, the effects cf which were no doubt aggravated by excessive fatigue. At the house of a friend in Richmond, he was tenderly nursed through a dangerous attack of typhoid fever, from which, as soon as he was suf- ficiently recovered, he received a furlough to go home and recruit. He had scarcely recovered his strength when the battle of Seven Pines occurred; but being confident that the campaign had opened in earnest, he set out for the field against the advice of his friends, who thought him unfit for active service. The 3d Virginia was then in Pryor's Brigade, Longstreet's Division, and in all that series of seven days' battles around Rich- mond, in which Longstreet tore his laurels from the enemy, Lieutenant Coleman bore an honorable part. His regiment par- ticipated in all the charges of the 27th instant, except the last, from which it was withheld by the commanding General on account of exhaustion. On that day Captain West, of the " Halifax Light Infantry," was mortally wounded; and Pryor's Brigade, which Avent into its first battle fifteen hundred andforty-eigld strong, lost during the seven days eight hundred and fifty-seven hilled and v)ounded ! From Richmond, after the defeat of McClellan, the route of Longstreet soon led to Gordonsville, and thence at once to the support of Jackson, on the Rapidan. The history of Pope's con- tinued retreat from that jilace, begun on the 18th of August, and culminating in the three days' battle of Second Manassas, is familiar to the reader. On the morning of the 29th, Longstreet forced his ^vay through Thorougljfare Gap, and hurried to the aid of Jackson, who, having already fought the battle of the 28th, was now confronting the entire Federal army. At that time Lieutenant Coleman was the only officer with Company K, and therefore had command of it. He passed safely through the ordeal of the 29th, in which his gallantry helj^ed to purchase victory. On Saturday, August 30th, when at the head 1S02.] THE UNIVEESITY MEMOKIAL. 229 of his command, the whole brigade temporarily lost organization under a galling fire. Captain Coleman, in attempting to collect his men, leaped upon a stump, and waving his sword, cheered loudly to them to rally around him. He thus became only too sure a mark for the enemy's guns ; and while exhibiting a coolness and daring which his comrades still delight to tell of, he fell, pierced by a ball, and expiring without a word, left his name " Gracing the scroll that tells of this war's loss." WILLIAM GOODWYN RIDLEY, Private, Co. G, (Jth Va. Infantry. Colonel Thomas Ridley was a distinguished soldier in the Rev- olutionary war. His great-grandson, the subject of this sketch, served with no less credit, though in a humbler sphere, and in defence of the same principles in the Second American Revolution, which, because it was not successful, is now called the " The Rebellion." William Goodwyn Ridley, oldest child of Francis T. and Elizabeth N. Ridley, was born July 1st, 1842, in Southampton county, Virginia. As a child he was noted for his great neatness of person, and his manner, as he grew older, was unusuallv refined. At the age of fourteen, having been previously carefully trained, he was sent to " Brookland School " in Albemarle county, as a pupil of William Dinwiddle, M. A. At the end of the third session he had passed through the classes of* this school ; but Mr. Dinwiddi-, who, having discovered in him the requisite , ability of mind, was anxious he should take the IMaster's Degree at the University, persuaded him to return to Brookland another year, in order to make his success at College the more easy and certain. In October, 1860, he entered the University of Virginia, v.itii the intention of remaining there until his education was completed. Soon after the first acts of war he became, at the earnest so- li, iliition of many personal friends, a member of Company F, a volunteer organization previously raised in Norfolk, and then sta- 230 THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. [August, tionecl on Crauey Island, under command of Captain Harry Wil- liamson. Here he had many comforts not usual to the life of a soldier, and the friends of the company ftted them continually. But still, with ardor of patriotism which chai'acterized so many Southern youths, he sighed for a more active life. He was then a beardless boy, of rather small stature, but with a good constitution. Under this rudimentary experience of " playing soldier,'^ as it was afterwards called, his frame expanded and he became more robust. At the reorganization in 1862, he was offered a lieutenantcy in another company, but he preferred to remain with his friends in Company F. Upon the evacuation of Norfolk, this company, with others, was marched to Suffolk, and thence to Petersburg. Here first it was placed in the regiment to which it belonged, and was afterwards known as Company G, 6th Virginia Infantry, Mahone's Brigade. The first action in which William Ridley took part was at Drury's Bluff, his company being among those detailed to attack the gunboats at that place. He wrote to his father, afterwards, that in this his first trial he was calm and composed. Malvern Hill furnished his next experience ; a friend, then on a visit to the brigade, described his braveiy, immediately before entering this battle, as creditable in the highest degree to himself and his lineage. It was the tioentietk anniversary of his hirthdap, and he wrote home that in the midst of the desperate charge the thought flashed across his mind how unlike was this to all the previous celebrations of that day. After the battles around Richmond, when many were filling their places with substitutes, he was offered one ; he peremptorily refused to accept the offer: "his bleeding and injured country required his services, and he was unwilling to give her less.'* Mahone's Brigade was then stationed at Falling Creek until the middle of August, when Anderson's Division followed Longstreet's to reinforce Jackson and drive Pope from the Rappahannock. This brigade was not brought into action in the series of battles that culminated in the great struggle of Second Manassas, August 30th, 1862, until the afternoon of that day. It was then that William Ridley fell. His officers and comrades complimented his bravery on the field, but darkness intervening, no one saw him close his earthly career. On the morning of the 31st, he was j^(.o-| THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 231 found dead "on the front line of the action." Thus perished this noble youth, far away from his home, his last eartiily conscious- ness the shouts of his victorious comrades, who presently made his grave beneath the bloody sod. On the same day his gallant brigade-commander, not more courageous in battle than cousiderate for the feelings of those whom the battle bereaved, wrote the following letter to the dead soldier's father : " Near Gainesville, Fauquier County, Va., | " August ^Ut, 1862. j " F. T. Ridley, Esq., Jerusalem, Va., '' My Dear Sir : — I do not know that any one of his com- rades will have an opportunity, so soon, of conveying to you the painful intelligence that your son fell upon the battle-field, a sacrifice to the cause of his country, in the great fight of yester- day. I have seen no one yet to give me any circumstances attend- ing his death. He was reported to me among those for whom I inquired especially, as having been found upon the field, dead — and, to his honor, on the front line of the action where our brigade was engaged. " I gave directions that he should be carefully interred, with a view to future removal. " I was" myself wounded early in the action, but (miraculously) not seriously. We have had a very hard-fought battle, one of the most determined, perhaps, of the war. The enemy was, however, completely routed, and he is now fleeing before our advancing forces. " My Dear Sir, permit me to extend to you and to your house- hold the warmest sympathies of a friend in your* bereavement. "You have made a noble and generous contribution in the sacrifice of a son to the defence of our rights and liberties; and while there is no consideration which can replace or comi)ensMte the loss, and especially in a mother's affection, it will be consoling to know that the spirit which has gone fell nobly with his face to the foe. Your friend, William Mahone." 2o2 THE TJNIYEKSITY MEMUKIAL. [Aug lit JAMES J. PALMER, Private, Company K, Jenkins's Regiment, Palmetto Sharpshooters. James Jerman Px\lmer was born in St. Stevens' Parish, Charleston District, on the 23d May, 1840, and fell on the plains of Manassas on the 30th of August, 1862. He inherited and received from his parents. Dr. John S. Palmer and Esther Sim- mons Palmer, all the advantages that family, wealth, intelligence, and moral training oould contribute to a useful and successful career in life. These privileges he did not abuse, but used them to make himself an educated gentleman and a useful citizen. After several years of domestic training and suitable instruction from private tutors, he was transferred from the parental roof and placed under the instruction of J. W. Hudson, in the Mt. Zion Academy at Winnsboro'. Here he was prepared for College, and in 1857 was admitted to the Sophomore Class of Wofford College. Though deficient in some of his studies, his previous training and diligence in study soon overcame these disadvantages, and placed liim amono; the first in his class. He graduated in 1860 with the first grade of scholarship in a class of a high order of intellect, and thought by some to be the best that ever left that institution. After leaving College he went to the Virginia University for the purpose of pi-eparing himself for the practice of Medicine. He was recalled home when South Carolina seceded, and attended a course of lectures in the Medical College of Charleston. At the close of the winter lectures he paid a visit to his pai'ents, and while there the booming of the distant guns announced that the bombardment of Fort Sumpter had begun. His native State had tlirown herself in the breach of a dismembered Union, and he could no longer resist the promptings of his patriotic heart. Hastening to the scene of action, he arrived in time to assist thi.' Palmetto Guard in extinguishing the flames of the captured fortress. At the suggestion of the venerable Edmund Ruffin, who was an honorary member of the Palmetto Guai'd, volunteers for Vir- ginia were called for, and our lamented young friend was among the first to step forward and offer his services. He served in Ker- shaw's 2d South Carolina regiment, until April 1862, when, upon jg,;.2-| THE L'is"ivEi;f;ivEssiTY memorial. 235 least of all did he desire the eplienieral distinction of a desperado. His motives were higher and purer; his country was invaded, a ruthless and cruel foe threatened to desolate his home, and he felt it to be his duty to defend tliat country and that home. He per- formed therefore, with cheerfulness, every service assigned him, endured hardship and sufferings without a murmur, and shrank from no danger where duty called him. In a letter to one of his sisters he wrote : — "I go down to join the army under the full conviction that it is my duty, and that not only my honor, but that of all my rela- tions and connections will be impaired if I keep aloof any longer. I go now with the intention of serving my State to the utmost of my abilities, and entrust my life to the keeping of God. He gave and he can take away Avhensoever it pleases him. I will not murmur, but it will be hard to be cut off in the prime of life." To a mind well balanced he added the refinements of a culti- vated taste and cheerful disposition. He was, therefore, a beauti- ful writer and pleasant correspondent. His extreme modesty and repugnance to display caused him at times to appear difSdent, but he Avas interesting in conversation and loved to mingle with his friends. He may have been select in the choice of his companions, but he was kind and polite to all, and no feature of his character was more prominent than his uniform gentlemanly deportment. It Avas not that artificial mannerism which, like a holiday garment, may be put on or off as occasion demands, but it was the habit of his life, it was the effusion of a kind heart flowing through every channel of social intercourse and mellowing every element of his nature. It is not reasonable to expect of one whose mind and heart were so constituted and whose life was so consistent with the great prin- ciples of Christianity, that he should base his character solely upon the dogmas of a worldly philosophy, or that he should postpone tlio consideration of eternal salvation to a period of time when the feeble service of a fragment of his life would be but a poor return to Hhn who had crowned his years with loving-kindness, and offered a life of eternal happiness beyond the grave. Hence, we frequently find him in his correspondence recognizing his dependence on God, returning thanks for His merciful protection, submitting without a murmur to His Mill, and expressing his conviction of the importance of making early preparation for death. In his last letter to his mother, he says : — 236 THE TJNIVEKSITY MEMORIAL. [August, "Men claim to have strong and brave hearts, but many a man's heart has been bitterly wrung since the commencement of this cruel war. And I have heard men Avho never flinched in battle, declare, since these sanguinary conflicts, that they hope never to be engaged in another. It does seem miraculous how any of us escaj)ed at all unhurt from such a shower of shells, grape-shot and minie balls. AVe lost some of the best men in our company killed, and many others have been disabled for life. " Truly I have great cause for gratitude to God for his merciful protection of me through so many dangers, while others have been cut down in youth around me. If I know my own heart 1 am grateful, and since I have seen those so near and dear to me fall in the bloom of youth, I have felt the necessity of preparing against that day when preparation will be impossible; for there is no longer a to-morrow. Two of ray messmates have fallen, but they were Christians, and I hope they have only been removed from a world of trouble to a world of eternal joy." We, too, hope that you have joined that mess above, and that it may be your blessed ^^rivilege to welcome to that " world of eter- nal joy" those beloved ones on earth who now mourn the loss of that " dutiful son and aifectionate brother." ELLIOTT M. HEALY, Captain, Company C, 55tli Virginia Infantry. Elliott Muse Healy was born on the 8th day of Jan- uary, 1840, in the county of Middlesex, State of Virginia. He fell on the historic plains of Manassas on the 30th day of August, 1862. He was the youngest son of the late Walter Healy, who, for several years, represented his county in the State Legislature, and illustrated a long and useful life by the spotless character of a Christian gentleman ; and whose very name in that county is still the synonym of honor and truth. His mother was the daus'hter of Colonel Elliott Muse, who was also a member of the House of Delegates, from the county of Middlesex, and was a gentleman of rare accomplishments. The old citizens of Mid- dlesex still speak with rapture of the elegant and generous hospi- l^fio.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 237 talities of " Buckingham," tJie old family seat, and of the winning manners and fascinating conversation of its handsome and grace- ful proprietor. The grandmother of Captain Healy was Betty Tayloe Corbin, a daughter of John Corbin, of Laneville, a name well known in A'irginia. Elliott Healy's early childhood gave unusual promise. He was a boy to attract the nfytice of all who came in contact wiih him. His manly beauty, his graceful form and bearing, his frank and open face, his amiable and generous disposition, combined to make him the pride and pet of his family and neighborhood. As he grew into manhood, he was marked as one of the most promising young men in the State, and all who knew him predicted for him a brilliant career. His talents, naturally of the highest order, were assiduously cultivated by a thorough classical and pro- fessional education. ■ He was a graduate of Columbian College, D. C, and had just completed his legal studies at the University of Virginia the session before the late civil war broke out. In the spring of 1861 he was admitted to the bar, and M'as about to commence the practice of his profession as the law-partner of a gentleman who was engaged in an extensive practice. Nature had endowed young Healy Avith talents which peculiarly fitted him for the profession he had chosen. AVith a mind of great native vigor, stored with the treasures of a scientific and classical educa- tion, lie had devoted himself to the study of his noble profession with the enthusiastic ardor of a votary. With indomitable energy and a laudable ambition to excel, united with natural fluency of speech, graceful manners, and handsome person, he promised soon to reap the highest rewards and to attain to the highest honors of his profession. The wa-iter of this sketch has frequently heard a late Circuit Judge say that young Healy was one of the best speakers of his age he ever heard, and he predicted for him a bril- liant career. When the late unhappy civil war was imminent, young Healy was among the first to enlist as a volunteer, and through his efli- cient aid a splendid company, composed of the best men in the county, was organized, of wiiich he was elected 1st Lieutenant, and afterwards Captain. This Company was a part of the " Old 55th Virginia," which had upon its battered bainicr, when it was furled forever at Appomattox, the names of every great battle fought in Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania. 238 tp:e univeesity ]\:kmoeial. [Auguet, Captain Healy, though one of the youngest men in his reg- iment, had the most remarkable influence over the men and officers in his command. Such were liis force of character, his higli moral courage, his brave and fearless bearing in battle, his mild and gentle manners in camp, and his unselfish devotion to the comfort and welfare of his men, that he became the idol of his whole reg- iment. He was earnest and conscientious in his convictions of duty, and thoroughly devoted to the cause in which he offered up his young life. The following extracts from hislettertto his mother and others, give a better insight into his real character than any sketch of his life and peculiar characteristics could possibly convey. They contain sentiments worthy of the immortal Stonewall Jackson : — " Our authorities seem to be concentrating their forces in Virginia and about Richmond, for the purpose of defending it to the last. If the enemy gets possession of Richmond, I fear we shall be forced to abandon Virginia, and suffer the good old State to fall into the hands of ruthless invaders, w^ho can neither appre- ciate the spirit and genius of her people, nor respect the historic memories which her very name recalls. Ca i we stand tamely by and see Virginia struggling for her very exisLence as a State, her sovereignty threatened, her soil overrun by those W'ho have sworn to chano;e her noble institutions and reduce her to the condition of a conquered province ? No. Every consideration of interest and of honor forbids it. We must all hurry to her rescue You must not, dear mother, be distressed on my account. The same kind Providence which preserved me at , can protect me on the battle-field, or wherever the fortunes of war may carry me. I am blessed with health, and if this be preserved to me, the duties of the camp will be light." In a letter to his sister, Mrs. Judge Christian, he says : — " You may well imagine that I too, long for this cruel war to terminate. I would do anything in my power, and give anything and everything I have to give, to bring it to a close upon terras honorable to my country. But if it is not to close until the South is subjugated and these States reduced to conquered pro- vinces, then I do humbly pray that it may have no end. Yes, I would infinitely prefer to spend the rest of my days in camp, suf- fering all its hardships and dangers, rather than live in peace, purchased by the subjugation of ray country." 18G0.J THE UKIVEESITY MEMOKIAL. 239 Another extract from a letter to his mother: — "No, dear i;(]")ther, I would not leave the army if I could. If I am spared to enjoy that independence which we must one day achieve, I shall be fully compensated for all I have endured, and will have the proud reflection that I contributed my humble ser- vices to the accomplishment of that great object. If I fall, I fall in the discharge of my duty to my country, I fall in battling for liberty against tyranny, and shall sleep in a patriot's grave." We give one more extract from a letter to his brother, not only because of the noble sentiments it contains, but because it seems to foreshadow his sad but glorious death. It was written just before the great battles around Richmond : — " Tell mother if we are defeated, she must not despair. President Davis says there will still be fighting-ground enough in Virginia for the next twenty years. But if we are driven from Virginia, I shall follow the army into North Carolina, and, if it is still forced to fall back, I shall still follow the army, until they drive us to the southern- most part of Florida, and then, for the first time, conceive the idea that we may be defeated in this struggle Brother Tom, it is painful to me to write the words good-bye. Heaven only knows whether I shall ever enjoy the pleasure of seeing you, or of even writing to you again. In the presence of this great event which is so soon to transpire, is it strange that melancholy forebodings and painful emotions should arise in my bosom and make me reluctant to lay down my pen, as if it were the hand of a retiring friend ? I have no presentiment that my course is almost run, that this battle is to send me to my long home, and that I am never to see you and the loved ones at home again ; no, not that. But I do know that my chances of escape are no better than others, and some must be killed; so Good-bye. "^ It was at the second battle of Manassas, just at the moment of victory, on the evening of August 30th, 18G2, and when Captain IIealy was leading his Company in the final charge made by his immortal leader, Stonewall Jackson, that he received his death- wound. An eye-witness, a member of his Company, thus describes the scene : — " Captain Healy, with his cap in one hand and his sword in the other, was in advance of his Company, cheering them on to the charge. His face, radiant Avith the enthusiasm of vic- tory, shone with that manly beauty for which it was so remark- able, when he exclaimed, ' Come on, boys. Victory and glory 240 THE UNIVEKSITY MEMORIAL. [August, once more on the plains of Manassas ! ' These were the last words he ever uttered. The fatal shot at that moment sped to the brain, and he fell dead without a groan or struggle ; and when he was buried by his comrades, his face still wore the smile of triumph and joy." A nobler man never died for his country, a purer spirit never took its flight to the bosom of its God. This imperfect sketch ought not to be closed without reference to one incident, putting on record the noble words of his mother. "When the news came of the death of Captain Healy, a whole county was in mourning ; for he was not only the pride of his family, but also of the whole county. In his own family circle, mother, sisters and brothers were stricken with inconsolable ano-uish, and wounded hearts still bleed afresh whenever his name is mentioned. But the blow fell with crushing force upon his ao-ed mother. He was her youngest child, and the idol of her heart. None but a mother can know what is a mother's joy and a mother's pride in such a boy as hers. While loving friends gathered around her to offer consolation, as best they could, in her inconsolable grief, one of the number said to her, that, as soon as it was possible, he would go to the battic-field and bring home the loved body of her son, and deposit it in the old family burying-gronnd, where she might be laid by his side. Her reply was (and it is this noble sentiment, W'orthy of a Spartan mother, that ought to be recorded) : — " Let him rest where he lies. The last resting-place of a soldier who dies for his country, should be upon the field where he fell." But this imperfect sketch would be altogether incomplete, with- out some brief reference to the moral and Christian character of its subject. Captain Healy had the priceless advantage of early religious training. A pious father's teachings and example, and a Christian mother's gentle admonitions and prayers, early led him to investigate the great truths of the Bible, which resulted at the early age of sixteen years, in his uniting himself with a Bap- tist Church, of which he continued an exemplary and consistent member, amid all the temptations and vicissitudes of life in the college and the camp. As a Christian as well as a soldier, ^^ he fought a good fight." 1862.] THE UIS'IVEESITY MEMORIAL. 241 GEORGE K. ROY ALL, B. L., Private, Company G, Hth Virginia Infantry. George Keith Roy all, fourth son of the late Rev. John J. Royall, of Fauquier county, was born in Winchester, Virginia, February 4th, 1837. His mother was a daughter of the hite George Keith Taylor, of Petersburg, granddaughter of Colonel Thomas Marshall, of Revolutionary fame, and niece of Chief-Justice Mar- shall. Very delicate in his infancy, George Royall's health con- tinued very feeble until his father removed to Mt. Ephraim, the family seat in Fauquier, where the habits and sports of country life wrought in him considerable vigor and energy of body. When about six years old he became greatly interested in the work of loreign missions, and one day asked his father if he would give him a shilling to put in the " Missionary Box" if he cut up a load of wood for the house. Mr. Royall agreed to do it, and had a load of sticks, about the size of a man's arm, brought to the wood -yard, and the little fellow chopped away, day after day, until it was ready to carry to his mother's chamber. This shilling was prob- ably his first contribution to this cause, but he continued to give, while yet a boy, until the amounts, forwarded little at a time, summed up several dollars. Such is the evidence of his youthful energy and perseverance, qualities which characterized him in manhood also. He was not less marked by his candor, his truth- fulness, and his ardent devotion to the few to whom he gave his friendship. Along with these fine traits was a strong will, which, often foretokening a strong head in the man, not less frequently causes the child to be cailed headstrong. Thus it was with George, who was not so easily controlled as the rest of the chil- dren ; and hence, while they were educated at home, he was sent to the neighborhood school, conducted by Mr. Pope. Here his ambition was aroused, and in a little time he was at the head of his classes — a position which he retained until he was fourteen, when his father took charge of his education. At eighteen he entered the College of New Jersey, at Princeton, and maintained a good standing as a Freshman ; but, during kis second year there, his father died suddenly, and he was called home to attend to the affairs of the family. 16 242 THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. [Angnst, 111 October, 1857, Iiq became a student at the University of Virginia, and at the close of the session he graduated in Consti- tutional and International Law and Government, and in Moral Philosophy. The next year he took the entire course of Law, and graduated with the title of Bachelor of Law. During his University career the writer was honored with his acquaintance and his friendship. As might be readily inferred from his suc- cess, he was a close and diligent student. The self-will which characterized his youth, Vv'as, at that time, not obtrusive, if notice- able at all, being happily balanced by a matured judgment. He was of small stature, with the darkest blue eyes, brown hair waving slightly, and teeth of pearly whiteness. In manner he was dignified and courtly, forbidding a too hasty approach, or an unwarrantable intimacy ; but his friendship, when once won, was not capricious, nor easily alienated. Having achieved the honors of the University, and having laid well the foundation of a noble profession, he settled in Richmond, and was admitted to the bar. Among the friends he made there was A. B. Guigon, Esq., now Judge of the Hustings Court of that city. In a letter now before the writer, and dated September 15th, 1870, Judge Guigon says: — "I knew George Eoyall well. He came to Richmond after leaving college, and took an office near mine, for the practice of law. Daily and familiar inter- course with him grew into an affectionate intimacy. Almost too modest and retiring for successful struggle in the profession he had chosen, he possessed a clear and well-balanced intellect, good judg- ment and fair powers of study. But above all, his high sense of honor and his genial ways endeared him to me and to other friends he made in his new home. I never saw him after April, 1861, when I went into active service in a different portion of the army from that in which he served ; but I shall ever cherish my recol- lection of hira as one of my pleasantest memories." The headstrong, self-willed boy had thus developed into a modest and retiring man, "almost too modest for successful struggle in his profession." He practised law nearly two years in Richmond, with what success the writer has not learned. When volunteer companies were forming for the war, Royall joined one raised by Captain Joseph G. Griswold, Avith the under- standing that he might withdraw from it, if he desired, before the company was mustered into service. About that time his mother's ^sy2.] THE UNIVEKSITY MEMOKIAL. 243 overseer volunteered also, and lier aifairs becoming involved, RoYALL left his company and went to Mt. Ephraim. While there he was elected Captain of a militia company in the county, and was in command of it when called into service just previous to the first battle of Manassas. When the militia was disbanded, he returned to Fauquier and remained in charge of his mother's affairs until the following February. He then volunteered as a private in Company O, Captain Kirk Otey, of the 11th Virginia Infantry. In this com- mand he served "as a good soldier," in the battles of Williams- burg and Seven Pines, in the fight about Richmond, and in the second battle of Manassas. When General Johnston retired from Centreville in March, Fauquier was at once occupied by the enemy, and until the close of the war, Mrs. Royall had little intercourse with her sons in the army. She never saw George after he enlisted, and only three short letters from him were received through the lines. A poor neighbor, who was with him in the battles at Richmond, told his family " Geokge ft like a lion." One of his servants, hired with the army, reported after the second battle of Manassas, that '' the last time he saw Mars George he had his Testament in his hand, praying by a wounded soldier." Those who knew Royall will not hesitate to believe both reports ; and together they furnish probably the best record that could be made of a soldier's life. That he was brave, the manner of his death, presently to be re- lated, shows clearly enough ; and his dogged courage in battle had won upon the heart and stirred the jjride of the illiterate neigh- bor, who probably thought of him still as the boy who would have his own way, even on the battle-field. Under the ministry of that faithful Chaplain, Rev. J. C. Cranberry, he was converted to the faith of Christ; and he was not a man to do things by halves. , During the course of the war, Dr. Stiles, who visited and preached to the brigade, sent word to Mrs. Royall that he had never seen a more devoted and decided Christian than George. It is not im- probable then, indeed it is in perfect keeping with his character, that, as opportunity occurred, he sought to win others to Him in whom he trusted. And surely it is pleasant to think of him, with God's Word in his hand, kneeling during the intervals of battle upon the very field where he was presently to make his grave, and pointing the dying soldiers to the rest of Heaven into which he was himself so soon to enter. • * 244 THE UNTVEESITY MEMORIAL. lAugnst, On the 30tii of August, 1862, the last day of the second great fight at Manassas, he was killed by a musket ball which pierced his head, entering at almost the centi-e of the forehead. His brother William, who was a private in Company A, 9th Vir- ginia Cavalry, saw him on the battle-field after he was killed, but he Avas not permitted to leave his command, whicii was hotly engaged in the same action, to take care of his body. And so, though so near to his mother's home, he was buried among the thousands that lay around him, with nothing to mark the»spot. For this, however, his grave is not less glorious, nor his rest less peaceful. JOHN D. PITMAN, Sergeant, Cempany E, 8lh Florida Infantry. *' He who serves his country well," says Voltaire, " has no need of ancestors." If to fight for her honor and to die in her defence may be counted good service to one's country, then did this young Floridian win for himself this boasted distinction. John D. Pitman was born in Jackson county, Florida, January 28th, 1843. In the brief notes traced for the writer by the tremu- lous hand of his aged widowed mother, Mrs. Martha Pitman, no reference was made to his parentage. In youth he was so devoted to study that his health was injured by too constant appli- cation ; and it is evident that he possessed abilities which would have secured literary distinction in maturer life. At the age of fifteen he was a writer for the papers of Marietta, Georgia, and two years after for the Macon Telegraph and The Field and Fire- side. In October, 1860, he became a student at the University of Virginia; he returned the following session, and prosecuted his studies until the spring of 1862, when in May he determined to enter the army. Going directly home, he volunteered in the "Clarke Rifles." This company was ordered to Tallahassee in June, and remained on duty there a month. In July " the Rifles " — now Company E, 8th Florida Infantry — were ordered to the seat of war in Virginia. His brief career there is summed np by the following obituary notice, written by the Rev. W. Cleisky, of 1S62.] THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL, 245 the'' Presbyterian Church, who was intimately acquainted with him : — "Died at Manassas, Virginia, August 31st, 1862, of a wound received in the great battle of the 30th, John D. Pitman, of Marianna, Florida, a Sergeant in Company E, 8th Florida Regi- ment, aged nineteen years and eight months. He was the last surviving son of his mother, ' and she a widow.' Pressing forward with his comrades in pursuit of the already defeated enemy, and cheering with great ardor, a shell, shattering his left thigh, inflicted a wound which he survived only till the following morning. " Thus has fallen a young man who gave more than ordinary promise of future usefulness and honor. For more than a year previous to the breaking out of the war, he was a student in the University of Virginia, and his sound intellect, serious, reflective disposition, energetic industry in the pursuit of his studies, and high moral principles, amply justified his friends in anticipating for him a career alike honorable to himself and beneficial to others. But animated by an ardent patriotism, which with him was prin- ciple and not an impulse merely, he left his studies, entered the army as a volunteer, went with his regiment to Virginia in July, and within a few short weeks was called to lay down his life for his country. " Though not a professing Christian, he had for some time given evidence of being actuated by religious principles, and a few days before his departure for the seat of war, declared iiis intention of uniting with the Church on the first opportunity. His friends, therefore, deem that they have grounds for believing he has been called to join the Church on high, and in this belief they mourn not as those who have no hope." HENRY LE NOBLE STEVENS, Volunteer Aide to Colonel P. F. Stevens, Commanding the Holcombe Legion. On the 19th of September, 1827, Henry Le Noble Stevens Avas born at Pineville, South Carolina. He was the son of the late Charles Stevens of that State, whose reputation as a literary 246 THE UNIVEESITY MEMOKIAL. LAugust, man and as a political writer was not confined to his native State, and whose kindly nature and ready sympathy witli distress ren- dered his memory fragrant among his neighbors. Henry inher- ited, in a great degree, the kindliness of his father's disposition , and from childhood was marked by his adherence to truth A. generous desire — disinterestedness we call it — to contribute to the happiness of his fellows, however small their claims upon him, had much to do with his personal popularity as a student. In October, 1844, he entered the College of Charleston. Here he remained two years, and in the fall of 1846 he became a stu- dent at the University of Virginia. About the middle of Jiis second session at the University, he returned home and soon after assumed the management of liis planting interests. Upon attaining his majority he came into possession of a hand- some fortune. Unlike many in similar circumstances, he did not waste his means in a life ot extravagance. Yet, with a lavish generosity wholly congenial witii his nature^ his income was largely spent in unostentatious deeds of charity, many ol which have been gratefully acknowledged by the recipients since his death. By his successful management, Mr. Stevens greatly improved his property, and at the time of his death, although a young man, was esteemed one of the very best and most successful planters in his neighborhood. In March, 1849, he was married to Henrietta Gaillard, daughter of the late Samuel Gaillard, of St. John's Berkley, South Carolina, and at the beginning of the war he had an interesting family to endear him to his home. But the endearments of home and the luxuries enjoyed at his own hearthstone, were outweighed by the impulses of patriotism and the call of duty, and hence, at an early period of the war, Mr. Stevens was serving his State as a soldier. Joining first, as a private, the "Rutledge Mounted Riflemen," he did duty with them for some time on the neighbor- ing islands and along the coast. When the Holcombe Legion was organized, hejoined it as Vol- unteer Aide, to Colonel (now Rev.) P. F. Stevens, for whom he entertained a high personal regard, and in that capacity accom- panied it to Virginia in July, 1862. Several years before this he had professed himself an humble follower of the meek and lowly One, and having thus enrolled himself as a soldier of Christ, he con- ^ggoj THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 247 tinned to fight under the Christian's banner until his life's end. Of his personal intrepidity in the hour of conflict, an estimate may be drawn from the opinion of his gallant commander, who thus wrote of him : — "His character daily grew upon me, and won both my love and my respect. 1 saw him in action twice; once on the Rappahannock, where we were for a long time exposed to a severe artillery fire, which lost me a number of men. Mr. Stevens was as cool and regardless of danger as if on a parade. Again, on the fatal day, Manassas No. 2, he displayed the same i)erfect indifference to danger when we were ordered forward." While advancing against the enemy at this second battle of Manassas, August 30th, 1862, he was shot down by a ball through the thigh. His wound hastily bound up, he was left on the field by his advancing comrades. On their return they found him on the same spot; but, in the interval, a fragment of a shell, which had fallen and burst near him, had entered his thigh, inflicting a second severe wound, and a ball had passed through his arm .' Thus broken and mangled, he was removed to a place of safety and com- parative comfort in the neighborhood. For the first four days after his wound, his friends were hopeful of his recovery ; but on the fifth day a change was noticed, and on the- seventh, one of those Avho watched at his side wrote thus sadly to South Caro- lina : — " Camp Hospital, near the Battle-ground \ OF 30th August. Sept. 6th, 1862. j " I am sorry to give you a different account of Mr. Stevens from what I did in my earlier note. He has sunk very much within the past two days. . . Dr. P. G. Snowdeu has no hope of him." His end was already very near ; about noon of the next day, conscious of his condition, he died calmly, and full of resigna- tion. Another letter told of the stunning grief that fell upon the ^Yidowed heart — widowed ere it suspected that danger was nigh, and even while it was beating joyously with hope of speedy reunion : — " GoRDONSViLLE, Sept. 12th, 1862. "Mr. Stevens died on the 7th, before his afflicted wife, who had gone on to meet him, even heard he was wounded. Dr. Snowden was with him and paid him every attention of the skill- ful physician and kind friend. . . . The Rev. INIr. Porter was 248 " THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. [August, with Mr. Stevens, and was of much comfort to him in his last hours. He knew his end was near, and was resigned." The deep and unfeigned expressions of sorrow manifested by the whole body of his slaves, upon the news of his death, testified their aifection for him and marked him as the kind and attentive master And the- grief that pervaded the community showed that Death had claimed as his victim one beloved by all. In evidence of the esteem in which he was generally held, we append the following extracts from an editorial notice of him, which appeared in the Charleston Daily Cowrzer, Sept., 1862: — " This high-toned gentleman, generous spirit and gallant soldier is added to the martyrs of the atrocious war waged against the South. Mr. Stevens was the only (surviving) son of the late Charles Stevens, of Pineville ; a gentleman who was as much admired for his literary attainments as he was esteemed for his many virtues and beloved for his amiable qualities. Young Stevens was maV^rnally descended from the Ravenels, a highly ho.nored name and highly esteemed family, or rather race, in our midst. Possessing an ample fortune, he made a noble use of it, and rendered his name synonymous with benevolence and liberality. As amiable as he was generous, he won the warmest affection of kindred and friends, and conciliated the kind fcoling of all who knew him H*e received his death-wounds while gallantly fighting for his country in the last three days' battle on the plains o/ Manassas, and on the 7th inst., with calmness and resignation, yielded his useful and honorable life a sacrifice on the altar of patriotism, dying in the prime of life, and leaving a widow and young child to mourn the irreparable loss of the loving husband and tender father And now, having sketched our young friend, let us hold him up to the young men of the country as an example worthy of imitation, and urge them by all they hold dear and sacred to live the life he did, that when their last hour shall come, they may like him be prepared with calmness and resignation to meet the awful change that awaits us all when * tliis mortal shall put on immortality."' 1^, THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. 24S JAMES M. HOLLADAY, Private, Compauy B, 10th Virginia Infantry. Beyond tlie mountains of Kurdistan, in the northwestern part of the Persian Empire, is tlie home of the Nestorians, a people of different race from the Mohammedan Persians, and, from a very early age, nominally Christian ; but now for along period subject to the Mohammedan rule, and having lost, in their ignorance and degradation, all ])nt the most exterior forms of Christianity. The more civilized portion of this people, together with their Persian rulers, inliahit an extensive plain which stretches for seventy-five miles between the salt-water lake, or Sea of Ooroomiah, and the Kurdish Mountains. This plain, as seen from the mountains, is surpassingly beautiful. The eye is greeted by hundreds of villages wdiicli seem to rise from the very midst of the orchards and vine- yards, and through the broad fields of wheat and clover one may trace the numerous canals by the thick hedges of sycamores, pop- lars, and willows that skirt their banks. In the midst of all this fertility the Nestorians live in abject poverty, ground down by the tyranny of irresponsible subordinates of a despotic government. Near the centre of the plain there is a walled city of some thirty- five thousand inhabitants, called also Ooroomiah, and said to have been the birth-place of Zoroaster. Here, some forty years ago, was established one of the stations of the American Board of Foreign Missions ; and it has proved, next after that to the Sandwich Islands, perhaps the most gratify- ing of all their fields of labor. Among the earliest missionaries to this place were the Kev. Albert Lewis Holladay, and his wife, Anne Yancey, daughter of James Minor, Esq., of Albemarle county, Virginia. ]\Ir. Holladay was a native of Spottsylvania^county, where mem- bers of his family still reside upon lands granted in colonial times to one of their ancestors, Captain John Holladay, for services ren- dered in defending the border against the incursions of the Indians. His fatlier, the late Waller Holladay, of Prospect Hill, was a half-brother of General Lewis Littlcpage, who acquired celebrity in European armies, and rose to be Chaiiiberlain to Stanislaus Augustus, the last King of Poland. He himself was 250 THE UNIVEKSITY MEMORIAL. [August, one of the earliest students at the University of Virginia, and his name appears in the list of the first graduates in Mathematics at that institution. Of these missionaries James Minor Holladay was the second son who lived beyond infancy. He was born in the city of Ooroo- miah, on the 23d day of June, 1841. During his infancy and early childhood he suffered much from the unhealthy influences of a climate which has allowed no child of American or European parents continuing to reside there, to attain to years of maturity. One of its evil effects he experienced as long as he lived, in the weakness of his eyes. In July, 1845, his parents were compelled by ill-health to leave the country. After spending the winter in the vicinity of Smyrna, they reached America in May, 1846, and lived one year at Bremo, the residence of General John H. Cocke, in Fluvanna, Virginia. In 1847 they removed to Albemarle county. As James grew up, he developed a quick mind, and generous, strong emotions. He had a marked taste for the beautifid in poetry and in art ; and, although he had had no advantages for learning, he showed considerable aptitnde for drawing. He was very bright and cheerful in disposition, playful in manner, and full of spirit. At the age of fifteen a terrible loss overtook him, in common with the rest of the family, in the death of his father. Those only who knew thi& father — so elevated in intellect and character, and yet so near in kindness and affection ; so beauti- fully adding to the noblest qualities of man the tenderest attri- butes of woman, and in all so earnestly consecrated to Christ — are able to appreciate his loss. The constant presence during his last days of that Saviour to whom he had given his life, was evident to all who had the privilege of being with him ; and the effect upon James of what he saw then, was marked and perma- nent. Some time later he made a profession of Christianity, and connected himself with the Presbyterian Church in Charlottes- ville. Soon after this, being debarred from tl'ie pursuit of his education by the extreme weakness of his eyes, he acted for some, months as Colporteur, in the Valley of Virginia and in the county of Stafford. After this he determined to become a physi- cian ; and, his eyes having considerably improved, he entered as a student of medicine at the University of Virginia, for the session of 1859-60. He immediately took a high stand in his classes, _ 1862.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 251 and was spoken of most favorably by his Professors; but he was so much hindered by the weakness of his eyes that he could not offer for graduation. The next session he returned to the Uni- versity, where the outbreak of the war found him. He sympa- thized strongly with the course pursued by the Southern States, and was from a very early period an earnest advocate for the secession of Virginia. The same night on which the Ordinance of Secession was passed by the Convention at Richmond, the fact was telegraphed to the University, and the next night the com- pany to which he belonged, the Albemarle Rifles, commanded by R. T. W. Duke, of Charlottesville, set out for Harper's Ferry. His company subsequently joined the army which was gathering at Culpeper Court-House, and was incorporated as Company B into the 19th Virginia Infantry. With this regiment Holladay went to Manassas Junction, and was present at the famous battle of the 21st of July. During the calm which followed this battle, a plan which he had drawn was shown to General Beauregard, who was so pleased with it that he offered him a place among his suite. But James, not feeling fully competent for the position, declined it. While the army was in win tor- quarters, he obtained a furlough to visit his home. Arriving there, and finding that nothing had been heard for an unwonted time from his brother Waller, who was then a private in the 59th Virginia Infantry, he proceeded at once to their winter-quarters, near Meadow Bluff, in Western Virginia, and, finding him sick, procured leave of absence for him also, and took him home. It was the last time that the whole family were gathered together. One was absent from the next gathering when the remainder met around the death-bed of him who was now the most active among them. Returning to his regiment, he participated in the trying march to Yorktown. When the army fell back after the battle of Wil- liamsburg, he was left sick by the roadside, and fell into the hands of the enemy. From this time his friends know little of what befell him. He was taken first to the Old Capitol Prison, where he was kindly treated, and for a time he seemed to get better. From thence he was transferred to Fort Delaware, receiving on his passage tlirough Baltimore evidences of the sympathy and kind- ness for which the Southern people of that city were so distin- guished during the war. " 252 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [August, But who can tell what he suffered in the long night of cruel captivity which followed? — wasting away under a treatment which was wearing enough to those who were well, his active spirit fretting under the confinement, and his loving heart yearn- ing unutterably for his mother, who he knew must be suifering at home. Yet we believe that while his body was growing weaker every day, God was building up and establishing the life of the spirit. The following lines, found among the papers which he brought from Fort Delaware, and supposed to have been written while he was there, will serve to show the current of his thoughts in this direction : — • "To satisfy each craving lust, Begot of earth ; To drink of every sensual stream, And know its worth ; To drown each higher rising thought Within the breast, Lest it condemn a fleshly life And bring unrest ; To make the mind the body's slave, That it may give New pleasures to a carnal taste, — Is this to live ? *' To get estate, to gather wealth Within stronghold ; To place in bank and iron safe Great heaps of gold ; To serve the great and crush the poor For sake of gain; To sliut out God, and spot the soul With many a stain ; To gain your wish, and win the all That gold can give, Without one hope beyond the earth, — Is this to live ? *' To lead the marshalled bands to war And bloody strife ; To gather fame, estate, and power, By taking life ; To write your name on history's page In woi'ds of gore ; To fill the heart of wife and child With bitter store ; To gain the fame, the fear, the hate. The sword mav give, By spilling seas of human blood, — Is this to live ? "To gain by years of deep research A goodly store In every field and deep recess Of earthly lore ; ^860.: THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. 253 To scale the mountain's bigbest peak, Fathom the sea, And know each creature, flower, and stone, And every tree ; To know, when knowledge knows no more AV^hat name to give, "Without a thought of Nature's God, — Is this to live ? " To follow with a steadfost heart, Through light and shade, A high and holy aim in life. Though oft delaj'ed ; When dangers lower above your path, To scorn to fly ; To still press on, although success Dazzle the eye ; Seeking to honor by your life The God above; Living for others, not yourself, A life of love; " Keeping the talent of your Lord With watchful care. That it may gain as life declines, And increase bear ; To help the poor, the sick, the weak, With earthly store. Nor turn the empty soul in wait Back from thy door ; This to do, not for the name That earth may give. But for the sake of God, — this is Indeed to lioe.^' Exchanged in the summer of 1862, he was landed ten miles below the city of Richmond ; and, as he had not been met there by any conveyance, he had to drag himself through the hot August sun, as best he could, to the city. A relative whom he met there sent him to Duncan Lodge, the residence of his uncle, Houo Alex- ander R. Holladay, in the suburbs of the city. Here he was found the next day by his brother, who succeeded in procuring an order for him to be sent to his home near Charlottesville. Thus he was at last granted tlie wish of his heart, that he might meet hi^ mother once again. On the 23d of August he became very ill, and two of his brothers, who were then in a battery at Gordonsville, were sent for a day or two afterwards. They arrived only to find him deli- rious, and unable to recognize them. On the evening of Satur- day, the 30th day of August, he quietly breathed his last. All the members of his family were with him, except one brother, who arrived too late. 254 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [August, His remains were carried to Prospect Hill, in Spotsylvania county, where they were buried by the side of his father and grandfather. JOHN MONCURE HULL, Private, Co. B, 9th Virginia Cavalry. John Moncuee Hull was born near Falmouth, Stafford county, Virginia, August 5th, 1839. His father, Mr. Paul Hull, was the grandson, paternally, of Colonel Richard Hull, and maternally, of Colonel Thomas Gaskins (formerly written Gas- coigne). Both of these took an active part and held high posi- tions in the Revolutionary struggle. His mother, Mrs. Sarah M. Hull, is a grand-daughter of Rev. John Moncure, one of the first rectors of Overwharton Parish, Stafford county, who died in 1764. This gentleman, according to the statement of his daughter, ]\Irs. Gov. Wood, "was a Scotchman descended from a French ancestor, who fled among the first Protestants who left France in consequence of the perse- cution that took place soon after the Reformation. He had an excellent education, and had made considerable progress in the study of medicine, when an invitation to seek an establishment in Virginia induced him to cross the Atlantic." Judge P. V. Daniel, of the Supreme Court, says of him : — " My maternal grandfather, John Moncure, a native of Scotland, was the regular minister both of Aquia and Potomac Churches." Rev. Mr. Moncure married a daughter of Dr. Gustavus Brown, of Port Tobacco, Maryland. He was poor and in delicate health, and the father "did not think him an eligible match for his daughter." - But, to quote from Bishop Meade, " the opposition of Dr. Brown to the marriage of his eldest' daughter with a poor clergyman, does not seem to have been attended with the evils which he doubtless apprehended, for Mr. Moncure prospered both in temporal and spiritual things. He has numerous descen- dants, who have also prospered, and many of them are living on the very lands bequeathed to them by their ancestor, who pur- chased them at a cheap rate during his ministry." These descen- jgg2.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 255 dants, now peopling to a large extent the section of country referred to, were, before the late war, among Virginia's most hon- ored sous, and served her in some of the most important offices of public trust, both legislative and judicial. Among those who served in the latter capacity, Mas the brother of Mrs. Hull, Hon. R. C. L. Moncure, Judge of the Court of Appeals. At an early age Moncure Hull exhibited a remarkable fond- ness for books, and his father, though in moderate circumstances, determined to give him every facility for a thorough education. There was no good school nearer than Fredericksburg, a distance of five miles. This, however, was a small difficulty ; he cheer- fully walked it day by day, and was rarely absent from his classes, even in the most inclement season. At school he ahvays bore off the first honors. Tliis was not from any extraordinary mental 4 gift, for he was not a genius in the ordinary acceptation of that word; often what could be acquired by some of his classmates in a few moments, required of him hours of patient study. But every truth thus mastered, he was able to hold with remarkable tenacity. " The patience of a sound intellect " may accomplish grand results. This was his true power. He would not turn aside from difficulties which he met in his studies, nor rest until he was able to solve them. ' Thus he was usually successful, and thus too his advances were permanent. It was to this feature of his mind, this dogged persistence conjoined with a wonderful power of absorption, that Prof. Coleman afterwards referred, when he remarked that he had never been mistaken in his estimate of a young man's abilities as in that of Moncure Hull's. His appearance was not such as to impress a casual observer, and the Professor ranked him among the commoner sort when he came into his class; but long before he left college, he regarded him as one of the most substantial and promising. At the age of seventeen he entered the University. Hero he spent two sessions (1856-57 and 1857-58), and though but poorly prepared for an institution of so high grade, he was able to take distinctions in all his classes. For the next two years he was compelled, by want of means to prosecute his studies, to take up tlie profession of a teacher; accordingly we fiud him during this time tutor to the family of James Hunter, Esq., of Caroline. In tlie fall of 18G0, however, he returned to College with the determination to win its highest honors. This was a session 256 THE UNIVEESITY MEMOKIAL. [August, I^eculiarly unfavorable to successful study ; during the winter and spring most of the students, instead of working, were anxiously watching the events of the outside world, and before the close of the academic year more than half of them had left for th.eir homes or entered the military service. But Moncure Hull kept steadily on; he was not indifferent to the political issues which produced such excitement in the minds of others, nor was he, per- haps, less patriotic than they ; but the murmur of approaching war failed to divert his mind from the goal he had in view, and he continued until the very close of the session as faithful a student as he had been at it-s opening. As the result of this jjatient continuance, he graduated on his entire course, embracing the Schools of Latin, Matheraatic?, Natural Philosophy, and Moral Philosophy; which, even if there were no disturbing cause, was considered abundant evidence of diligent application, thorough preparation, and first-rate mental abilities. At the close of the session he joined a company of students, which, under the name of "The University Volunteers," went into service in AVestern Virginia, under General Wise. The severity of this campaign has already been alluded to. The grand retreat from the Kanawha, the burning at midnight of Gauley Bridge, the winter encampment on Big Sewell, fitly compared to that at Valley Forge, would form a thrillingly interesting chapter in the history of the war. In the following spring the University Volunteers were disbanded by order of the Secretary of War. Moncure Hull, who had been with his company in all of its marches, went immediately to Stafford to raise a company for ser- vice ; but, finding this impossible from lack of material, he joined the "Caroline Dragoons," — Company B, 9th Virginia Cavalry — then, with several other companies, on outpost duty at Stafford Court-House, under Captain, afterwards General, W. H. F. Lee. Faithfully he served as a private in this gallant regiment — so well known in East Virginia as the "Bloody Ninth" — par- ticipating in all its daring exploits. " Never shall I forget him," says a writer who was his comrade in Stuart's celebrated ride around McClellan, " never shall I forget him as he appeared stand- ing over the body of the gallant Latane, who fell in the first charge." So, always at the post of duty, ready to fight, and quick to succor the fallen, he was a true soldier in the higliest sense of ISCr'.l THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 257 the word. Duty with him Avas everything : his was no brute courage. He was sensible of danger, but disi*egarded it, because he was influenced by principle, and upheld by a trust in God that it was well with him. Passing safely through the seven days' fight around Richmond, he set out with his command on its first trip to Maryland. The second battle of Manassas was fought and won, and the cavalry stopped, on the evening of the 31st of August, 1862, near Fairfax Court-House. The niglit was very dark and rainy ; it was pre- sently found that the 1st Michigan Cavalry were just in front, and two men, one of them Moncure Hull, were ordered ahead as videttes. It was too dark to see anything, but they proceeded some hundred yards and halted on the edge of a small stream. Hull had on at the time a light gray overcoat, which may have rendered his outline visible, even in the darkness. Suddenly there was a flash, followed by the sharp report of a single rifle. The bullet, aimed all too true, struck him full in the breast and passed entirely through his body. With the single expression, "O my God !" he fell forward with his arms around the neck of his faithful horse, and the noble animal carried him back to the command. His comrades gathered quickly around, but the spirit was gone — the young soldier off duty for ever. The army pressing onward, his body was left in a house by the roadside; but, like the chivalrous Latane, by whom he had stood so nobly, Moncure Hull found friendly hands to perform for him too the last sad offices. Under a large tree that stood in a quiet spot near the beautiful stream, they buried their unknown soldier and planted flowers on his grave. And thither, from time to time, when the stricken women of the South brought garlands for the graves of their soldier dead, came a mother who mourns a son sleeping in ah unmarked spot at Gettysburg, to cover his grave with spring flowers, thus doing for him what she hoped some kind hand would do for her own l)eloved boy. His remains have since been removed to the beau- tiful cemetery fitted up by the ladies of the Memorial Association at Fairfax Court-House. The following extracts from a letter of the Rev. AV. R. D. Mon- cure, a Baptist minister, now resident in the county of Stafford, will, while touching on other points also, give an adequate idea of his religious character: — " Mo^X'URE Hull was my first 17 258 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [August, cousin, but being only two years my junior, and having associated intimately with me from infancy, Ave were more like brothers than cousins. I may be thought under these circumstances to be scarcely capable of giving an impartial sketch of his character, but I utter the sentiments of all who knew him, when I say that few young men of greater promise fell victims to the late unhappy war. In person, he was rather above the medium height, but slender; his complexion was dark, yet generally ruddy ; his hair black, and straight as an Indian's. His large dark eyes wore gen- erally an expression of thoughtfulness, almost amounting to sad- ness ; but when he smiled, or became earnest in conversation, they sparkled with mirth or flashed with intelligence. " His chief mental characteristics were perseverance, unwearied application, clear conceptions, sound judgment. He also pos- sessed a fine and discriminating taste in literary compositions, and a great fondness for reading the best English authors. "His moral character, from a boy, was unspotted. His most conspicuous traits were great sincerity, a high sense of honor, a lofty disdain of anything mean, vulgar or selfish, amounting to impatience, and a determination to do right regardless of conse- quences. Exceeding diffidence and sensitiveness made him shy among strangers and in general society, but, with the few who knew him well, no one was more genial and confiding, and no one had a truer heart. " In the fall of '60, while a student at the University, he gave his heart to God, and was baptized into the fellowship of the Charlottesville Baptist Church, by Rev. A. B. Brown. He had always been respectful to religion, and, for two years before his conversion, had been the subject of serious impressions. When he became thoroughly awakened, he sought for salvation with his usual earnestness and sincerity. It was my privilege to converse much with him during this period, and he opened his heart to me very freely. His convictions were deep and pungent; everything was laid aside in the pursuit of the pearl of great price, and after a few days of intense anguish, he was enabled to rejoice in his Saviour, It was not difficult to predict what sort of a Christian Mo^'CURE Hull would make. He was not a man to do a-nything by halves. His diffidence made it very painful to him to take a conspicuous part in public exercises ; yet he never liesitated to do so when duty required. . . Amid all the temptations of the army, ig,;2] THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 259 he maintained his Christian character unsullied. . , His death sent a shock to many fondly-attached friends, and, though nearly six years have passed, he is still tenderly remembered and sadly missed." JAMES EDWARD WINSTON, Sd Sergeant, Company D, 13th Virginia Infantry. Malvern Hill — now a synonym for Aceldama — did not always suggest thoughts of blood. In the joyous past, ere the proud Ship of State was wrecked on the rocks of Kadicalism and the cry sauve qui pent gave the key-note of the New Idea, it designated more than one spot within the limits of the Old Dominion which some Virginian family cherishes with pride and tenderness as its ancestral home. But the ruthless hand of war, which spared not the peace of these homes, despoiled them of their name also, to mark the spot on which occurred one of the great conflicts of the Second American Revolution. James Edavard Wixston was born at Malvern Hill, in Louisa county, Virginia, July 6th, 1838. He was the son of John Hastings Winston and Deniaris Aletha Campbell. His paternal grand- father was Captain James Winston, a man noted as well for his strong qualities of mind as for his high living and liberal hospi- tality ; he was the possessor of large landed property, and at his death he bequeathed his family residence to his eldest son, John Hastings. His maternal grandfather was Captain Francis Lee Campbell, whose estate adjoined Malvern Hill, and who had served with Captain Winston in the war of tlie Revolution. It is pleas- ant to contemplate the experience of two such men, toiling and suffering together for a common cause, realizing the blessing for which they struggled, and returning to their homes to live as neighboi's and friends in the enjoyment of that peace whicii their patriotism had contributed to secure, and to be drawn more closely to each other, in their advanced years, by the intermarriage of their children. John Hastings Winston, the successor of Captain Winston at Malvern Hill, was a man of sterling sense and unbending integ- 260 THE UXIVEKSITY MEMOEIAL. [September, rity; and, like his ancestors, was fond of hounds and hunting. He was the father of ten children, seven of wliora still survive. Among these are representatives of various learned professions. The most important event in the childhood of James E. Winston was the death of his mother, whose eminent piety, as a member of the Presbyterian Church, commended her profession, and makes her memory especially precious now to her children. Such a loss to a boy of seven years, jiossessing a quick temper, strong will, and impulsive disposition, can hardly be estimated. He received at home the rudiments of an education, and was sent one year to a day-school in the neighborhood ; but not improving luider his teacher, he was again taken home and kept at his books. Sometimes, at busy seasons, he v/orked on the farm, but he was iinj)atient of long restraint at any employment. He delighted in field-sports, became an expert in bird-hunting, and so prided himself upon his skill as a ''shot" that he was really mortified when excelled. In 1852 his father died at the advanced age of seventy, and James, then about fourteen, was sent to the classical school taught by his eldest brother, John Hastings Winston, at " Westwood," near Lynchburg, Virginia. This change of home had a happy etfect on him ; from a thoughtless, wayward boy he became a diligent student; yet prompted more, perhaps, by emulation than by the simple love of books. He was unequal to the constant application of the most successful student, yet, urged on by pride^ he kept always among the foremost in his classes. His temperament at this period of his life was of the most mercurial cast, moving between the extremes of cheerfulness and despondency. His temper was quick, and he was watchful to resent insults, and careless of danger in doing so. But, as is usual with such natures, he was as ready to be reconciled when proper explanation was made. His candor of speech and manner made him open enemies, and in his hatred of hypocrisy he Avas apt to show his dislike for persons. After remaining at Westwood four years, he went in 1857 to the University of Virginia. During the two years that he remained there, he took most of the academic schools, desiring, with a view to the profession of law, to become generally informed on these various subjects rather than devote himself especially to any. At the close of the second session he graduated in Moral Philo- 18fr2, THE UKIVEESITY MEMOKIAL. 261 sophy and Political Economy. He then returned to Bedford, and spent a year assisting his brother in his school and prosecuting his legal studies, after which he joined the Law School of Judge Brokcnbrough, at Lexington, Virginia. His character had now become less angular, his temperament more serious and uniform. At the close of the Law School, in March, 18G1, he returned to his native county. The country was then drifting into war; and the fact, only too apparent, depressed him. He was proud of the greatness of the country, and opposed to its disruption. War necessitated the abandonment of a profession with which he connected hopes of political preferment. Besides tliese consider- ations, he was averse to the hardships of a soldier's life, and espe- cially to its necessary restraints and subordinations. On tiiis point he wrote thus, just before joining the army: — *' Malveen Hill, June 6th, 1861. " I leave for Harper's Ferry next Saturday, to take my stand in the ranks of the Southern army. If it had been my good for- tune to go there in a different capacity, I should be better satis- fied, as it is but natural to wish to excel, and to feel that when we die we shall live in the hearts of our countrymen. But as cir- cumstances have ordered it otherwise, I go freely and willingly in the humble capacity of a private, determined to do, and die, if Providence so wills it, in the sacred and righteous cause of the South, Virginia, and freedom. May God so helj) me ! " On the spot where his boyhood had been spent, and in sight of the graves of his fathers, he devoted his life to his country ; right nobly did he perform his vow, right soon came back to be laid with his ancestral dead! About the 10th of June, in company with Winston O. Payne, Christopher Walthall, and F. Pendleton Jones, all highly educated young men, he joined the 13tli Vir- ,ginia Infantry, Colonel A. P. Hill, then at Winchester. It is worthy of remark, that of these four young men, who thus left home together and joined the same Company — Co. D — all fell on the field of battle. James Winston was thus with his regiment when it was order- ed to the first field of Manassas, and lie continued with it until his death. His brother, Frank V. Winston, was Lieutenant in Company D, and soon after became its Captain ; and James, by faithfully doing his duty, rose step by step to be 2d Sergeant in the Company. 262 THE UIS'IVEESITY MEMORIAL. [September, In the spring of 1862, after spending the winter at Fairfax Station, the 13th Virginia, then attached to the 4th Brigade of Ewell's Division, fell back with Johnston's army to Rappahannock Station. Here General Ewell remained a short time, and then formed a junction with Jackson at Swift Run Gap in the Valley. James Wixston was thus engaged in the Avhole of that arduous campaign which brought Banks and Shields to grief. At the bril- liant battle of Cedar Mountain, his clothes were pierced by several balls, and he was slightly wounded. His brother, Lieutenant Wm. A. Winston, was wounded on the same day. He made the celebrated march of two days by which Jackson flanked Pope, seized his stores at Manassas, and compelled him to retreatc And he participated in the series of conflicts known as Second Manassas, which resulted in the complete rout of Pope's army. After escaping injury in all these fights, James Winston fell on Monday, Se^jtember 1, 1862, in the short but hot contest at Ox Hill, where in order to arrest the pursuit of the Confederates and to conceal his own movements. Pope posted Kearney to resist the advance. Some of the Federal troops were ambushed in the thick woods along the cross-roads, and the ambush was partly successful. The 13th Virginia was marching left in front, with Company D in advance, and was thus brought unexpectedly upon a regiment of the enemy in line, and thus its left bore the brunt of the fire. James Winston, as 2d Sergeant and on the left of his company, was brought in the nearest and most exposed posi- tion. The regiment was ordered to lie down, and Sergeant Win- ston, kneeling on one knee, was in the act of loading his gun when he was struck behind the right ear, the ball crushing the Avhole hinder part of the head. He fell speechless and motionless, holding his rifle and the ramrod half way in the barrel as he had been driving down the ball. It was about an hour before sunset when this occurred. The deep thundre almost deafened the ear to the rattle of musketry, and a heavy drenching rain was falling. Not long after. General Kearney was killed, and the enemy retreated. Presently the clouds, too, stole away, and the light of the sinking sun poured forth from the west. While its last rays were dallying with the rain-drops that fell from the trees, the spirit of this brave man passed away. His body lay all night on the gloomy battle-field. The next ?s* I 1802.] THE UNIVEKSITY MEMOETAL. 263 morning, Captain Frank Winston, his brother, returned by per- mission, buried it, with a tent-cloth for a winding-sheet, and built a rude rail-fence around the grave. Two weeks after, a younger brother, accomjjanied by a faithful -servant, carried the remains to Malvern Hill, and deposited them in the family burying-ground. SAMUEL GARLAND, Jr., B. L., Brigadier-General, D.H.Hill's Division. General Samuel Garland, Jr., was born in the city of Lynchburg, Ya., on the 16th day of December, 1830. He was the only child of Maurice H. and Caroline M. Garland. The former was the junior partner of S. & M. H. Garland, for many years a leading law firm in Lynchburg, Va.; the latter was the only daughter of Spottswood Garland, Avho was for many years Clerk of Nelson county, Va. The maternal grandmother of Gen- eral Garland was Lucinda, daughter of Dr. R. H. Rose and Fran- ces Madison, a sister of James Madison, the third President of the United States. The Roses M'ere one of the most respectable of the old families of Virginia. The Rev. Robert Rose, the ancestor of the family, was the intimate friend of Governor Spottswood. He was a cler- gyman of the Established Church, a Scotchman by birth, and not only a man of learning and piety, but a thorough man of business. The confidence of his friend. Governor Spottswood, in him was attested by his making him his executor; and his own sagacity was avouched by the measures he successfully took to establish the fortunes of his family. This he secured by taking up large bodies of land in the counties of Nelson and Amherst, on which his des- cendants have resided in comfort, and, in some cases, in affluence, to the present day. The oldest son of the Rev. Robert Rose was Colonel Hugh Rose. He married Caroline M. Jordan, of Seve:i Islands, by whom he had a large family of sons and daughters. The elck'.'it son of this marriage was Dr. R. H. Rose, mentioned above, who married Miss Madison. Their eldest daughter, Caro- line, married Dr. Turpin, of Chesterfield ; the second, Susan Law- son, married Governor Pleasants, and was the mother of the late 264 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [September, John Hampden Pleasants, and of Hugh R. Pleasants, Esqs.: another daughter married her cousin, Landon Cabell, of Nelson ; a fourth married Samuel Irvine, of Lynchburg; Lucinda, the fifth, married Spottswood Garland; and Emily, the youngest, married Wra. Corpland, of Cumberland. Dr. Gusl-avus Rose, a son, married a daughter of David S. Garland, many years ago a Representative of the Amherst District in the Congress of the United States. The children of Spottswood Garland and Lucinda Rose were Hugh A. Garland, formerly Clerk of the House of Representa- tives, an accomplished lawyer and scholar, and the biographer of John Randolph; Landon C. Garland, LL. D., formerly Presi- dent of Randolph Macon College, in Mecklenburg county, Vir- ginia, and for many years President of tlie University of Ala- bama, until its destruction by the Federal army during the late war; and Caroline M., the mother of General Samuel Gar- land, Jr. From a very eai*ly age General Garland gave unmistakable evidence of a mind of unusual strength and quickness, and of the industry and taste for literature and science which prevailed amono; his immediate relatives in an unusual degree. Before his fifth year he read well and had written his first letter; at the age of seven years he was entered in a classical school in the county of Nelson. Young as he was, he kept up at this time a regular correspondence with his mother, in the form of a daily journal, in which were detailed all his studies, amusements, and the simple incidents of child-life. This journal was sent weekly to his home. At fourteen, having in the meantime lost his father at a tender age, he was entered at Randolph Macon College, where he remained one year, at the expiration of which he was removed to the Vir- ginia Military Institute. His course here was eminently success- ful, and his improvement greater, from his own well-directed efforts at self-culture, than is indicated even by the fact that he graduated second in his class. Largely through his efforts, the first literary society was established among the cadets, and he was its first President. His portrait now adorns their hall, in recog- nition of his meritorious service as one of the founders of the Society. Leaving the Military Institute with high honors, he entered the University of Virginia in October, 1849, and continued there j8g2^ THE UIS^IVEKSITY MEMORIAL. 265 two sessions — those of 1849-50 and of 1850-51, — perfecting himself in several branches of a truly liberal education, and pre- paring for the practice of the law. He graduated in all the schools he attended, including among his college honors the degree of B. L., and before he had attained his majority, returned to Lynchburg to enter upon the practice of his profession, with a stock of general information, of accurate scholarship and profes- sional learning rarely possessed by so young a man. He had trained himself carefully in the habit of public speaking, by dili- gent attention to the exercises of the literary societies to which he had belonoed at the various institutions which contributed to his education, especially the Washington Society and the Moot court at the University; so that he presented himself at the bar, while still a minor, prepared, by native vigor of intellect and culture, to contest with the oldest and ablest practitioners the palm of forensic victory. Though an only child, and the heir of considerable wealth, his youth Mas free from vices. Books and pictures, the creations of intellect and art, as he remarked of himself, were his temptations. Gross pleasures, such as attract the young when the passions are strong and the appetites keen, even among the most gifted, had no allurements for him. As a matter of refinement and taste, not less than of principle, he eschewed all such indulgences. A sys- tematic and laborious student, he still found time to cultivate literature and society. His home was the scene of an elegant and most attractive hospitality, and abounded with the evidences of his taste and cultivation. In 1856, General Gaeland married Eliza Campbell Meem, youngest daughter of John G. Meem, Esq., of Lynchburg, a lady wdiose uncommon personal and social attractions were widely known and appreciated. From 1851 to 1859, General Gar- land's career was that of an active, earnest, and successful law- yer. His unusual powers as a public speaker caused him to be often called upon by the political party to which he belonged, to bear their flag on the hustings in the various canvasses of that decade ; and though often pitted against experienced politicians, those whom he represented had never occasion to blush for their young champion. This period was marked, too, by numerous engagements of a literary nature, which he met and filled with success and acceptation. Among them may be mentioned a course 266 THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. [September, of popular lectures delivered in Lynchburg, in connection Avith the Lynchburg College, upon the law of nature and nations, and the oration before the Society of Alumni of the Virginia Military Institute. In October, 1859, John Brown commenced the invasion of the South. The community of LyncJiburg shared in tlie superficial excitement which that daring enterprize against Southern institu- tions occasioned. But there were some, and among them was General Garland, who saw in that event, ignominious as was its failure, a deep significance — that it was the flying rack which swept forward in advance of the storm ; that it was but the expres- sion of a popular desire to see Southern institutions overthrown, even at the expense of the destruction of Southern society. The fact that Brown and his supporters and instigators had wholly mis- taken the temper of the slaves, was to their view no reason why we should neglect preparation for the bursting of the tempest whose muttering thunders were heard in the shouts with which a Boston audience received Emerson's declaration that "John Brown had made the gallows more glorious than the Cross," and whose first drops were seen in the blood of Turner and the other victims of that piratical experiment. In November, 1859, about one hundred of the young men of Lynchburg united to form a volunteer company, and unanimously invited Garland to take the captaincy of it. He accepted the call, and the Lynchburg "Home Guard" was organized. With his usual assiduity, thoroughness, and attention to details. Captain Garland, himself a thorough master of the drill, soon made his company one of the finest in the State. Soon after the reorganization of the Home Guard, three other companies were formed in Lynchburg — the " Rifle Greys," under Captain Maurice S. Langliorne, the Latham Battery, Captain H. Grey Latham, and the "Wise Troop," commanded by Captain, subsequently General, Carleton Radford. No event of special interest in the life of General Garland occurred from this time until the fall of 1860. He then became a communicant of tlie Episcopal Church, and ever afterward, by tlie increasing ripeness of his Christian character and the growing earnestness of his alms, showed that the step was one taken upon deep conviction, and a genuine Avork of grace. Immediately after the passage by the Virginia Convention of l.sHj.;; THE UNTVEESITY MEMORIAL. 267 the Ordinance of Secession (which by the way, though offered by Mr. James C. Bruce, of Halifax, was drawn by Charles R. Slaughter, Esq., of Lynchburg, the first cousin of General Gar- LAXD, and his senior law-partner), orders were sent by Governor Lf ' "r to the captains of the Lynchburg volunteer companies to hold their commands in readiness for orders to the field. In the busy preparation which ensued. Captain Garland Avas unsparing of labor and pains to provide his company with proper equip- ment for active duty. On the 22d April, 1861, orders Avere received for the companies to report at Richmond, and on the morning of the 23d they set out. On their arrival at Richmond, Captain Garland's company was quartered for a few days in the Monument Hotel, and then moved to the Camp of Instruction, which had just been established at the Fair Grounds. In a few days Captain Garland was promoted to a majority, and put in charge of four companies. On the 9th May he proceeded with these to Manassas Junction, where some companies recently formed in Alexandria, under Captain Thornton Triplett and Dr. Corne- lius Boyle, were already stationed. Garland being the ranking officer, was the commandant of the post for some two weeks, and formed the first regular encampment upon a spot since become historic. He also erected there the first field-work in a country afterwards furrowed by the lines of opposing armies. As troops arrived at Manassas and army organization progressed, in a few weeks the 11th Virginia Regiment was formed, and Garland, who already had a Colonel's commission, was assigned to com- mand it. It was composed of four companies from Lynchburg — the Rifle Greys, Captain Langhorne, Company A ; the Bcaure- gards. Captain Winfree, Company E; the Home Guard, Captain Otey, Company G, and the Jeff". Davis Guards, Captain Hutter, Company H; two from Campbell county. Captain Clement, Com- pany C, and Captain Saunders, Company B; two from Botetourt, Captain Houston, Company H, and Captain , Com- pany K; and one from Fauquier, Captain Jamison, Company I. The organization of the regiment was completed by the assign- ment of Lieutenant-Colonel David Funsten, and Major Carter Harrison ; J. Lawrence Meem, Adjutant, and Rev. J. C. Gran- berry, Chaplain. The 11th was brigaded, shortly after its organization, Avith the 1st, Colonel Moore; 7th, Colonel Kemper; and 17th, Colonel 268 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [September, Corse, and General James Longstreet assigned as Brigadier-Gen- eral. This brigade, which retained its organization to the end of the war, has the distinction, either by coincidence or merit, of hav- ing furnished, not to say made, three Lieutenant-Generals for the Army of Northern Virginia. It was commanded successively by Longstreet, Ewell, and A. P. Hill, as Brigadiers. Colonel Gakland and the 11th bore a part in the first collision upon the line in Northern Virginia, in the aifair of the 18th of July at Bull Run. The whole regiment, however, was not actually engaged, though for some hours under fire. The Fed- erals made at one time a strong effort to force the passage of the ford, at the point held by the 1st Eegiment, which requiring some support, General Longstreet directed Colonel Garland to detach and send in four of his companies under Major Harrison. They went in handsomely, under the lead of the gallant Harrison, and suffered considerable loss. Major Harrison fell at their liead, shot through the body, and with an arm shattered. He died on the next day. On the 21st of July, Colonel Garland's regiment was not engaged, nor any part of General Longstreet's brigade. They held the line of Bull Run for half a mile below the road from Manassas to Centreville, including the ground contested in the affair of the 18th, and throughout the day were shelled inces- santly by a strong detachment of artillery posted oa the hills towards Centreville. In the afternoon, when news of the rout of the Federal army at the Stone Bridge was received, the whole brigade was moved forward towards Centreville, to within a mile of the village, and still nearer the Warrenton turnpike, along which the wreck of McDowell's army was hurrying; but the advance, which was general along the whole right, consisting of Bonham's, Longstreet's, Jones's, and Ewell's brigades, was at that point unaccountably arrested, and at sunset these troops were drawn back to their original position behind Bull Bun. The next morning at an early hour. Colonel Garland received orders to proceed with his regiment to the turnpike between Centreville and the Stone Bridge, and collect the spoil left by the flying enemy. This was done in a heavy rain which lasted all day and the following night. For about two weeks Longstreet's Brigade was encamped at Centreville. Thence it was moved down to Fairfax Court-House, where it remained until October, when lS,.,o.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 269 General Johnston moved back his army to the fortified lines about Centreville, where the army went into winter-quarters. About this time Longstreet was mado Major-General, and Ewell was commissioned Brigadier-General, and assigned to this brigade. The 11th remained quietly in camp, drilling and taking its turn of picket duty at the point, until the 20th December. On that day General J. E. B. Stuart, with the 1st Kentucky, 10th Ala- bama, 6th South Carolina, and 11th Virginia regiments, Cutts's Battery, and a squadron of cavalry, made his unfortunate demon- stration upon Drainsville, in which the force under his command was roughly handled by a greatly superior force of the enemy. The 11th, which suffered least, and indeed did not fire a musket, lost four men killed and fifteen to twenty wounded. * The other regiments suffered much more severely. Stuart withdrew the centre and left of his line and the guns of Cutts's Battery, the horses of which were so disabled as to be unable to move the guns, and he was so occupied with this object that he neglected to send Colonel Garland orders to retire. He held his regiment in position until the rest of the detachment were entirely clear of the field, when he sent word to General Stuart that he was still in line, in his original position, and received orders to withdraw and bring up the rear. There was no pursuit. The remainder of the winter Avas spent in camp. In October, 1861, General T. J. Jackson, then a Brigadier- General, received orders to proceed at once to the Valley and assume command. The orders were brought to him by Colonel Angus McDonald. Colonel Garland went to take leave of his old teacher and friend, who with characteristic promptness was preparing for an immediate departure to his new post of duty. Colonel McDonald was very solicitous about the* defence of the Valley, and was at General Jackson's tent. He inquired, " Gen- eral, what force do you take with you?" "^o phijsical force, sir, except my staff," was the quiet reply — an answer which with- out ostentation implied to those who knew him, as the world did not learn to do until the following spring, the quiet consciousness of moral power and military genius. Colonel Garland, in narratintr this incident at the time and afterwards, declared that the reply of Jackson was manifestly without the least conscious- ness of the interpretation to which the emphasis of his language pointed. 270 THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. [September, Late in March, General Johnston broke up his camp at Centre- ville, and moved by Gordonsville and Richmond to the peninsula to confront McClellan there. At this time Garland's regiment was one of the finest in the army. It M-as over nine hundred strong, Imving been greatly recruited under the operation of Governor Letcher's call for the State militia. The anxious care with which their Colonel attended to everything which tended to promote the health, Avell-being, and discipline of his command, bore its just fruit. The march from Manassas to Yorktown was toilsome, and the troops reached General Magruder's lines weary, but in good spirits. The sudden determination of General John- ston to evacuate the peninsula in a few days placed the army again upon the road, and Longstreet's Division brought up the rear. In the battle of Williamsburg, in which Hooker* was punished for his temerity, the 11th bore its share and suffered considerable loss. Colonel Garland "received a painful wound by a ball through the elbow, but kept his place on the field until the fiu-htina: was over. About this time General G. W. Ran- dolph, Secretary of War, recommended General Garland for promotion, and he was commissioned Brigadier-General, being nominated and confirmed along with Generals Kemper, Armi- stead, and Pryor. After the retreat of General J. E. Johnston to the neighborhood of Richmond, General Garland for a time was relieved from duty on account of his wound. But his absence from the field was brief. A brigade was assigned to him, consist- ing of four North Carolina regiments. This brigade he commanded until his death. It formed a part of the Division of General D. H. Hill, and participated under the lead of General Garland in the battle of Seven Pines, the bat- tles around Richmond, especially that of Gaines' Mill, on the 26th day of June, 1862, and in the second battle of Manassas, August 30th of the same year. In the invasion of Maryland, which fol- lowed the defeat of General Pope, Garland's Brigade was the van of Lee's army and the first to cross the Potomac. To narrate the part taken by General Garland and his command in these operations would exceed the limits assigned by the plan of this work. It was such as to win the unqualified approbation of his *Dr. CuUen, the chief medical officer of Longstreet's Division, remained -with the wounded when the division continued tlie retreat. General McClellan said to him, "Tell 'Pete'" (Longstreet's sobriquet at West Point, when he and General McClellan wei-e fellow-students) " that this was Hooker's fight, not mine." jg„2-| THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 271 superiors, and would undoubtedly have secured his early promo- tion to the command of a Division. While General Jackson was reducing Harper's Ferry, the other half of Lee's army was falling back before McClellan in the direc- tion of Sharpsburg, Hill's Division bringing up the rear. On the night of Sept. 13th, they bivouacked on the western side of the mountain near Boonsboro', Garland's Brigade holding the pass. Early in the morning of the 14th, the Federals attacked General Garland in great force. During the night they had gained posi- tion upon the heights which overlooked the road, by paths which had been reported to General Hill as impracticable, and Gar- land's Brigade, attacked by overwhelming numbers in front and on the flank, gave way. Their gallant commander rallied them, and Avell knowing the importance of holding the enemy in check, advanced at their head to endeavor to effect that result, when he fell shot through the body. " Thus," says a comrade writing of his fall, "in his twelfth battle the young hero fell, only thirty-one years of age, but full of honors, and with higher promotion just within his grasp. His last words were characteristic ; with that cool self-possession which never forsook him, as he closed his eyes forever he said, * I am killed — send for the senior colonel and tell him to take command.' " His remains were taken at once to Lynchburg, where, on the afternoon of the 19th of September, they were carried to the tomb attended by the greater part of the population. The citizens, in compliance with a resolution of the Common Council, closed their places of business, and that body, of which he had been for years an active and useful member, attended his funeral, and placed upou their journal resolutions expressing their sense of his merit and their loss. Thus perished, in the flower of his age, one of the ablest, most accomplished, and amiable of the many sons Virginia laid upon the altar of Southern independence. THOMAS J. RANDOLPH, Jr., Sergeant, Co. A^ I9th Virginia Infantry. Of the many gallant soldiers enrolled in Pickett's immortal Division, there is not one who deserves a more honorable mention Zi'J THE UjS^IVERSITY memorial. [September. than Thomas J. Eandolph, Jr. He was born in Yicksburg, Mississippi, June 22d, 1840. His parents, Thomas J. Randolph, Sr., and Mary A. Pettway, are natives of Sussex county, Virginia, where they were married December 22d, 1822. In the year 1829, they removed to Vicksburg, where they still reside. For many years anterior to the war, Mr. Randolph, Sr., held tlie office of Assessor and Collector of Taxes, and since the war that of Mayor. The boyhood of young Randolph was spent in Vicksburg, and there he received his early education. In 1857 he entered the University of Virginia, where he was still a student when hostilities commenced. He had graduated in the school of Moral Philosophy and in Junior Law, and by his genial ami kind dis- position, his intelligence, and his high sense of honor, he had made for himself a name that is still remembered by his j)recep- tors and a large circle of college friends. Before it was publicly known that the State of Virginia had passed her Ordinance of Secession, volunteer troops were hurried forward to Harper's Ferry to secure that place and the valuable arsenal located tiiere. Among those troops were two companies from the University of Virginia, and two from the town of Char- lottesville, which, moving together, and being composed of men and officers well acquainted M'ith each other, w^ere subsequently organized into a battalion under Colonel G. AV. Carr, an old army officer, and became fast friends during that short campaign. Young Randolph went as a private in one of the University companies, and remained with his command until it returned and was disbanded. Very soon after this, troops began to move for- ward to Manassas. The young men who had composed the Uni- versity companies returned to their respective homes to assume, in volunteer companies, the commissions to which they were so well entitled by their intelligence and proficiency in military tactics. Randolph might have followed their example by returning to his home in Mississippi, and there securing, as he could easily have done, a commission in some of the regiments of that State. Tile idea no doubt frequently occurred to him, but it received not the sanction of his ardent patriotism. It was a long way from Virginia to Mississippi ; the trip thither and back, witli the delay attending the organization of new regiments, would probably delay his entering service until the coming fall or winter. He was already in Virginia ; her soil was reverberating to the tramp of 1802 ] THE UNTVEESITY MEMORIAL. 273 armed legions of Northern soldiers who were hurrying across lier borders; here in Virginia, and that at an early hour, was the first great battle to be waged between the contending armies. Randolph did not hesitate a moment. He at once shouldered his musket, slung his knapsack, and started for Culpeper Court House, to enlist as a private in Captain Mallory's Company from Charlottesville, afterwards well known and distinguished as Com- pany A of the 19th Virginia Infantry, in which he had many friends amongst the officers and men. From Culpeper his regiment moved to Manassas; and while encamped there, preceding the battle, it was brigaded with the 18th and 28th Virginia regiments, under the command of Brigadier- General Philip St. George Cocke. General Cocke requiring an aide, Private Randolph was suggested for the place, to which he was appointed, and upon the duties of which he immediately entered. While acting as aide to General Cocke, the battle of Manassas was fought, and it was during the height and uncertain issue of that battle that Lieutenant Randolph rendered such valuable assistance to General Beauregard that the General made honorable mention of him in his official report. The position of Lieutenant Randolph on General Cocke's staff was in some respects an unpleasant one. Being simply detailed as aide, and holding no commission, the other members of the staff were inclined to put such services upon him as he did not think consistent with the position he was occupying. Something of the kind happening one morning, Randolph's spirit was aroused, and he asked to be permitted to return to his regiment rather than submit to such indignities. Xo apology or remonstrance could avail ; Randolph quitted " headquarters," and became again a private in Company A, and remained with his command until he was killed. The writer w;5S with Randolph during the early part of the war, and had every opportunity of forming an estimate of his services in the field and his de^^ortment in camp. There was no member of that regiment who more faithfully discharged his duties, none more beloved of all than he. In the very hottest of battle he was cool and determined. At Williamsburg, in the midst of a terrible musketry fire. Private Jarman, of Captain Winn's Company, from Albemarle (whose position was next in line on the right of Company A), found that his musket had become unser- 18 274 THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. [September, viceable from the lieat resulting from its repeated discharges. Randolph and Jarraan attempted to remedy the evil, and in the effort both their muskets Avere disabled. Captain Carter, than whom a better officer never lived, told the writer that in passing along his Company line he came across Jarman and Randolph lying behind a small log, laughing immoderately at their disabled condition, as though utterly indifferent to the hail of balls that was falling around them. Very soon the line was ordered to charge the enemy (Sickles's Excelsior Brigade) and take a bat- tery that had annoyed our troops. The brigade charged and carried the battery. Alexander Hoffman and Randolph, both of Company A, were the first to reach it; and passing around the guns, one on the left and the other on the right side, they met, shook hands, and gave a rousing cheer for the 19th Regiment. At that moment Hoffman was shot, and while being carried l)y Ran- dolph to the rear, he died before he had been moved a dozen paces. At the battle of Seven Pines Captain Culin was very badly wounded, and Randolph carried him from the field under a hot fire, and saw him safely in the Richmond hospital. Wearied out and sick, he was himself then sent to Charlottesville to recover his health. His absence prevented his participating in the Seven Days' fight around Richmond. He rejoined his command at Gordonsville in June, while it was on the march to Maryland, and was actively engaged in all the battles of that campaign. While the army was lying at Hagerstown, Randolph, who had then been made Sergeant of his Company, was very frequently at the quarters of the writer; and though always unwavering in his devotion to the cause for which we were struggling, he had begun justly to complain of the disappointments he had suffered in not receiving a commission, to which he thought himself so fully entitled, while young and inexperienced men were being put on commission through the influence of friends in high quarters. He very properly thought that if he had gone to Mississippi instead of joining a Virginia regiment as only a private, he would long before have received his commission. The very morning of the battle of Boonsboro' Gap, in which he was killed, he had prepared a letter of application to the Secretary of War, asking for promo- tion. That letter was never sent, and was probably buried with him on the field of battle. ^gcs] THE UKIVEKSITY MEMORIAL. 275 The array moved forward towards South Mountain, on a rapid march from Hagerstown, to seize the gaps and prevent McClellan from crossing his troops. The march was a long and fatiguing one : our troops were badly shod, and suffered much from the gravelled roads they traversed : Randolph was nearly destitute of shoes, and as a last resort he had put on a pair of thin low- quarter shoes (the remaining vestige of better times at College). He became so lame from the march that the Surgeon ordered him into an ambulance. Just before the battle. Sergeant Perley, who had completely broken down and was sick, was brought to the ambulance in which Randolph lay, and a place sought for him. The ambulance was too crow*J-^ THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. [December, mon-sense and excellent judgment, with an intellect singularly broad in its scope and marked by masculine vigor, slie had re- ceived an excellent education, and improved it by extensive read- ing. To those qualities of the head she united qualities of heart of the purest and most elevated character : an innate and unswerv- ing love of truth and right, resolute will and energy^ strong affections, and large-hearted sympathy and charity. These strong lines of her character were shaded by all the softness and grace of womanhood, and by deep and abiding conviction of religious truth.* To such control was her son Lewis exclusively subjected dur- ing his infancy, and for a large portion of his boyhood. Nature had mingled the elements of good so largely in his character, that but little guidance was needed to direct and mould it aright, but it was his singular good fortune, at this early age, to be guided by one with head so clear and hand so strong and steady. At the death of the father, Mrs. Coleman removed with her young family to the house of her father, Mr. Robert Coleman, of Hanover, which from that time became her and their home. Relieved from household duties, she at once gave her whole time and attention to her cliildren. From an early age Lewis gave evidence of a quick and enquiring mind; he learned his early tasks with ease and rapidity. His mother often said that she had never any trouble in teaching Lewis. His excellent opportunities, his quickness and application, placed him far before most boys of his age. At an early age he began to exhibit those traits which eminently marked the future man. He had a wonderful degree of perseverance and application, a gentle and cheerful disposition, strong affections, a winning and affectionate behavior towards his companions, a deep veneration for his mother, firmness and a love of truth not to be shaken. His mother often related an anecdote of his childhood, which shows in a marked manner his firmness and truth, as well as the magnanimity of the boy at this early age. The two brothers, much alike as to size and dress, were engaged in some light task in the yard. Upon some sudden boyish quarrel, the younger struck Lewis a blow, under which he fell to the ground. Passing the window at the moment, the mother caught a glimpse of the fray, and hastening towards them found the ♦This lady was married a second time to Dr. George Fleming. By this marriage there was a large family, most of them now surviving, and several of them were closely associated with Colonel Coleman in his military career. She died in 1868. 18G2] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 303 younger prostrate on the ground, upon which he had cast himself in his excitement, and in order to deceive his mother into the belief that he was the injured party, and Lewis standing over him in a threatening attitude. Taking it for granted that the blow had been given by Lewis, she took him by the arm, and breaking a convenient switch, punished him. He simply said, " Mother, I did not strike him." Thinking she could trust her own eyes, she whipped him again for the supposed falsehood, and yet again for persisting in it. He brought no accusation against his brother — never reproached liini for the blow, nor for his silence in permitting him to receive an unmerited chastisement, and without further allusion to the circumstance resumed his ordinary intercourse. Years passed and both boys were grown. One day, in speaking of Lewis, who was absent, the mother observed, " I never knew him to tell a falsehood but once, and for that I never could account." " Mother," said the younger, "that matter has troubled my conscience for a long time. Your eyes deceived you. I struck the blow you saw given, and Lebtls told the truth." "Big as you are," replied the mother, " I have a great mind to whip you for it now." Lewis's education was continued by his mother till he was of the age of thirteen or fourteen, by which time she had imparted to him a very thorough training in English, the rudiments of Latin, and in addition a degree of historical and literary culture very unusual for a boy of his age. But what was of more worth than mere book knowledge, she had taught hiui how to apply his powers, how to study, and, above all, had so shaped his principles by her standard of moral and religious excellence, that the bent so given was never changed, and the outgrowth of his moral nature kept pace with his intellectual progress. From under his mother's tuition, Lewis was sent to a private school at Beaver Dam, the residence of Colonel E. Fontaine, of Hanover. At this school his thorough grounding by his mother gained him a high stand, which his own diligence and powers of application maintained, while he won the aifecvionate regard of his schoolmates by his amiable disposition and pleasing manners. When about fifteen years of age, Lew^is was transferred to Con- cord Academy, a large public school then taught by his uncle, Frederick W. Coleman, near Bowling Green, in Caroline county. The school- of Virginia since that period (1841-2) have im- 304 THE TJNIVEKSITY MEMORIAL. [December, proved both in number and character, but at that time the acad- emy at Concord deservedly enjoyed the reputation of being the best school in the State. It was a preparatory school for the Uni- versity of Virginia, whose course of instruction was adopted, and of which the Principal, Mr. Coleman, was a graduate. From the nature of the instruction given, the organization of the school, and the character of the Principal, the school was not well adapted for small boys and beginners ; but it had no superior in the ad- vantages it afforded to more advanced students, and those whose habits of study were fixed. It numbered, at this time, from forty to fifty boys of various ages, from all parts of Virginia and the Southern States. The boys were generally from the best class of society, and numbered many who were talented and well advanced. Among these youths, young Coleman in the course of two sessions became readily the first boy. In the classics, to which the greatest attention was paid, he was confessedly first, and in mathematics, for which he never exhibited so great a fondness, among the first. With the young men he was a great favorite, not simply because of his talents and rank in the school, but on account of his lively and genial temperament, his frank and manly deportment, and his perfect truth and honor. He had no enemies : I don't think he ever had a quarrel even Avith any of his companions. He never went by his surname of Coleman, but was always called " Lewis," or " Old Lewis," a term of endearment among schoolboys. His habits of study were regular and con- stant. From the time of his admission to this school, his aim had been to prepare himself to take the highest honors at the Uni- versity. From this object he was turned aside by no obstacle. In the intervals of his regular school duties he found time to read alone a vast deal of Greek and Latin, which he ascertained would be required of the student at the University ; completing by this means a course of classical reading more than usually extensive. To Mathematics too he devoted a large share of his spare time, going carefully over the whole ground in order to perfect himself- in that in which he considered himself most deficient. But while he took all this extra work upon himself, he was not shy nor retiring in his manners, nor did he seclude himself from his young companions. No one was more ready for fun and frolic than he, provided always that they kept within the bounds of the school laws, and above all within the rules of propriety and morality. 1862.] THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. 305 Among these school-fellows and associates, in tlie midst of happy scenes and pleasant employment, he formed many ties of friendship which lasted through life and were his greatest sources of happi- ness. In 1844 young Coleman left Concord and entered the Uni- versity. He met here many of his old friends from Concord, v/ho had preceded him a year or two, and who had already spread his reputation as a scholar among the students. It was soon found l)oth by students and professors to be not undeserved. His habits of application, his previous good preparation and his natural })Owers of mind soon placed him among the first in his classes. Keeping steadily before him the objects he had in view through a University education, he permitted none of the allurements of student life to wile him from his persevering pursuit of learning. All the beautiful traits of his boyhood seemed deepened and inten- sified. The same charm of manner, his genial cheerful temper, and more than all, his powers of conversation, which began now to be developed, made him equally a favorite among his fellows of the University as among his companions at school, while his strong and inborn sense of right and honor, and the ever-remem- bered admonitions of his mother, held him aloof from all the dissipations and vices of college life. While it was known that he was studious, and scrupulous in the discharge of every duty and in the observance of college discipline, yet it was equally \vell known that he felt a zest in every innocent and social enjoyment. Hence no one was more souglit for by the quiet and studious members of the University at their social gatherings, where his gaiety, brilliancy and wit were the life of the party. Even among the idle and wild students, he had his friends and admirers. At the close of the term in July^ 1845, he was graduated in all his tickets, about half the number required for his degree. This established his reputation as a student, and on his return to the University the next fall, he was looked upon not only as one of the first students in the University, but as one of the first young men of his State. At this term he took the remaining classes necessary to obtain his Degree. Although from his position in the College, his extensive acquaintance among the students, and the greater amount of leisure which the diminished duties of this year placed at his disposal, every inducement Avas held out for relaxation of habits, for idleness, and even for dissipation, vet 20 _ -. '- 306 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [December, Lewis's course was just the same. Only so much time as could be spared from the full and perfect discharge of his duties was given to relaxation, none to dissipation ; yet that was sufficient to assure to him a large number of associates and friends, and as great popularity and consideration as ever. The writer spent a few days at the University during this last session of Lewis, and he recollects Avith pleasure the unbounded affection which his friends manifested towards Lewis, and the almost universal respect in which he was held by the mass of the students. The friends who were then around him, who loved him and whom he loved, con- tinued bound to him all through his life. The affection with Avhich he regarded them, and tiie charming associations with which their names were connected, drew the bonds of affection even closer when the duties of life had separated him from them. He always spoke of them as his dearest friends, and of the college days as among the hap})iest of his life. At the end of this term he was graduated Master of Arts, having completed the entire course of study for that degree in two years. In the interval of leisure which he spent at his home, young Coleman's mind took a more serious turn. To this condition the success which had hitherto marked his progress, and the near prospect of active life and its responsibilities, doubtless tended. He had also, as a boy, been to a greater or less degree actuated in his conduct by religious motives, and without having ever expressed the desire or intention of becoming a member of Christ, it was evident that the early impressions derived from his mother had never been eradicated, but on the contrary had rather grown and intensified with his advancing years. The good seed so sown now brought forth its fruit. To a mind so well balanced as Lewis's, to a heart so open to the influences of goodness and truth, there was needed no long nor laborious study, no serious vacillations of doubt, for deep and lasting conviction of the truth and value of Christianity. With him to be convinced was to act. He was baptized by the Rev. J. L. Burrows, D. D., of the First Baptist Church in Richmond, in November, 1846, and received into full membership with that denomination. From this time forward his character, as it expanded and matured, was moulded and fash- ioned by a faith which never faltered nor wavered. His religion became a part of his daily life, was his guide amid all the dangers 1862.] THE UNIVEKSITY MEMORIAL. 307 and troubles of his life, his sure trust in j^rosperity, and his con- solation in every adversity. At the close of his vacation, Lewis became the assistant of his uncle, Frederick Coleman, in Concord Academy. I am not aware tl.at he had any settled plan, at this time, of becoming a teacher by profession. The immediate reason of his taking this position Avitli his uncle was, doubtless, the fact that his long course at school and college had somewhat exhausted his patrimony, and his grandfather was anxious he should at once turn his acquire- ments to account, and earn a living. But it is certain that soon after entering upon his duties as Assistant at Concord, he resolved to make teaching his profession. His acquirements as well as his tastes eminently fitted him for the profession. His own conscious- ness must have made him aware of his aptitude in governing boys and his facility at imparting information. His judgment pointed out the faults of the system at Concord ; he saw how these might be remedied, and how the cause of education in general might he advanced. His position at Concord as assistant teacher was one of consid- erable embarrassment. He was a very young man thrown in con- tact with a large number of boys, many nearly grown, some of whom had been his schoolmates at the same place, and all of whom were ready with the acuteness of boys to draw unfavorable com- parisons between him in his manner of teaching, the amount of his information, and the well-established Principal. Moreover, he had to contend with the spirit of insubordination and disrespect invariably exhibited towards assistants and underlings by the gov- erned class, nowhere manifested in such perfection perhaps as in a large school. But the new assistant not only stood the ordeal successfully, but soon became as great a favorite among the boys as his uncle. In this subordinate capacity young Coleman began to display that wonderful knack in controlling and managing youths which was so strikingly exemplified throughout his whole subsequent career. Perhaps the fact of his commencing his pro- fession at so early an age, before he had laid aside himself all the promptings of boy-nature, made him more capable of sympathizing with them and entering into their peculiar views; but it is very certain, whatever the reason, that ho possessed a facility for con- trolling boys and attaching them to himself that amounted almost to a gift. The amount of practical experience gained by him at this time was of great advantage to him in his nrofession. 308 THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. [December, Concord Academy closed a few years after this time by tiie retirement of Mr. F. W. Coleman from the business. Lewis resolved then to open a school himself. He purchased a small piece of land, with a good house upon it, near Taylorsville, in the county of Hanover, and here in the fall of 1849 he opened the school then and now known as Hanover Academy. The associa- tion 'with his uncle had given him some reputation, his own scholarship and skill as a teacher had added to it, and hiS popu- larity among his contemporaries, as well as with the students of Concord, had made him extensively and favorably known. The consequence was that his school was a success from the beginning. The first year he had forty boys. It needed only that he should have a fair opportunity to show his real merits; the next session not only brought a large increase of numbers but placed the school upon a basis from which it never declined. The success of his plan of teaching, his admirable management of young men, the progress made under his tuition, the high stand which the stu- dents from his Academy took in their classes at the University, and as much or more than all, perhajjs, the admiration and love with which he inspired his students, tended from year to year to raise the reputation of the school and the teacher, till in the latter years of his stay at Hanover Academy, the numbers liad reached eighty boys, the largest school, perhaps, in the State. I shall not here discuss the direction and impulse which Coleman gave to the education of youth in his State : that will be commented on hereafter. But it may be mentioned now, that the success of his method gave birth to new enterprizes of the like kind, some of them under the conduct of his pupils ; so that in a few years the number of good High Schools in Virginia was much increased, to the manifest advantage of education. The improvement which Mr. Coleman made upon the plan of Concord, consisted in a greater attention to the lower classes, a more thorough grounding in the rudiments, a more perfect organization and system, with unfailing regularity. The course of instruction was also greatly extended. While he had several assistants, all matters of discipline in the last resort were decided by him. He had few so-called rules. He attempted in all things to arouse a proper emulation and cultivate a fondness for study. The sense of honor was appealed to in all cases, and a freer and more open intercourse between teacher and pupil fostered and encouraged. Hence a high 1862.] THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 309 tone was given to the cliaracter of the stndent, and liisown weight of character brought into more immediate and potent influence. While usefully and successfully engaged in prosecuting his pro- fession, Mr. CoLEMAX was married to Miss Mary Ambler Mar- shall, daughter of James K. Marshall, Esq., of Fauquier, a mem- ber of a family revered and honored by all Virginians. This lady, who yet survives, crowned his useful life with domestic hap- piness. While in the full tide of success at Hanover Academy, the resignation of Dr. Gessner Harrison, Professor of Latin in the University of Virginia, opened a new path of honor and distinc- tion for Mr. Coleman. As soon as the vacancy occurred, Mr. Coleman's name was most prominently presented to the Visitors. His early success as a student and graduate of the institution, his reputation for scholarship, his greater reputation as an instructor, his popularity, not only in his own State, but among the rising generation of many of the Southern States, and his \rell-known high character, gave him a commanding position among the can- didates for the vacancy. He was accordingly chosen without hesitation by the Visitors in July, 1859. He was now thirty-two years of age, and it is perhaps no small evidence of his worth as a man, of his excellence as a scholar, and of the high appreciation in which he was held by his countrymen, thas at so early an age he should have reached the highest position held out to him by his profession, and have been considered worthy to fill the position of his learned predecessor, Dr. Harrison. The field now opened to Prof. Coleman, as it was wider in its scope, more important in its bearings, more extensive in its influences, would doubtless have developed all the latent capa- bilities of the man. In his brief career as professor, cut short by the intervention of civil war and by his own death in the field, ,he manifested the same excellent traits, the same faithful and earnest labor, the same zeal in the advancement of his profession. In the two years during which ho filled the chair of Latin at the University, he gave ])erfect satisfaction, and acquired the e?teem and regard of his colleagues and of the Visitors. So much so, indeed, that when in 18G1 he took the field in command of a com- pany of artillery and offered his resignation of the chair, the Visitors refused to accept it, and kept the place open for him. With such an earnest the assurance was felt that in his new and 310 THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. [Decembei. more important sphere of action, Prof. Colemax would have acquired in a few years a celebrity equal to that which ho hcd already gained in the humbler walks of his profession. But tlie higli hopes of his friends and his own earnest desires for success were doomed to early disappointment. The close of the session in July, 1861, found the North and South arrayed in hostility. Prof. Coleman was no politician, no partizan, yet he entertained firm political opinions, adopted by him upon full and fair examination. He was a strong believer in States' Rights, which was sufficient to convince him of the recti- tude of the Southern cause, apart from any other considerations. But such convictions would not have been sufficient to cause him to abandon his peaceful pursuits, so congenial to his tastes and so useful to his country : the condition of Virginia immediately before and after the First Battle of Manassas, the fact that her soil was invaded, the general agitation and uneasiness of the minds of her people in regard to her position, were the operative causes which determined him. In the full comprehension of the danger and the necessities of his native State, under the promptings of 2)atriotic duty, he became convinced that the place of the true citizen was now in the army. When his mind was made up as to his duty, nothing could turn him from performing it. All con- siderations of self were thrown aside ; fixing his eye on the goal, he pursued his way unfalteringly to the end. In the summer of 1861 he returned to his native county, and in conjunction with one or two friends, commenced the task of enlisting an artillery company for the service. The attempt seemed almost hopeless, as already three companies of infantry, one of cavalry and one 'of artillery, had swept off the most enthusiastic portion of the population of the county. But his energy was untiring. He visited every part of the county, spoke at every public gathering of the people, used his private influence among his friends and dependents, and in a few weeks was successful. He enlisted a large company, of which he was elected captain, and in August, 1861, mustered it into the service as the "Morris Artillery." Captain Coleman was no military man, either by inclination or education. His disposition as well as his chosen profession were in every respect of an entirely different tendency ; but he had undertaken this service, and with his usual fidelity to duty 1862.] THE UNIVEESITY MEMOKIAL. 311 he applied all Iiis energies and faculties to the acquisition of the necessary knowledge, of his military duties. To a mind trained like his in severe and continuous study, it was no great task to acquire all the usual technical knowledge, but he did not stop here. Not only did he make himself master of the matter of drill and discipline, but he extended his inquiries into the scientific depart- ment of his arm of the service; and thus, though in no respect a man of war, he became in a sliort time one of the most efficient as well as one of the best informed officers in the artillery service. Captain Dance, of Powhatan, who was preparing a company for the field, at the same time and place, says of him : — " I was struck upon my first acquaintance with him, with his genial temperament and fine social qualities, rendering him at all times a most agreeable companion ; but I soon learned to admire still more his untiring energy, perseverance, and industry, as exhibited in his endeavors to equip and drill his company, and perfect himself and them in the necessary knowledge of tactics and military science. The first attempts at drilling his company excited a smile among those who had longer experience; but in a very short time his company was well drilled. His was a spirit never satisfied with mediocrity. Whatever he undertook he desired to do well, and he always succeeded. Although his com- pany was mustered in after mine, yet he succeeded in getting all ready and starting before me." His skill in controlling men now again stood him in good stead. He not only controlled the men of his command, but he gained their affi3ctions by his kindness and impartiality. He used such influence to arouse their emulation to excel, and ap- pealed successfully to their patriotism. Hence it happened that when, in the fall of 1861, his company was ordered to join the Army of Northern Virginia at Manassas, it was pronounced by tlie Chief of Artillery, on inspection and review, ane of the best in the service. His company was attached to General Pendleton's llcserve Corps of Artillery. In the tedium of winter-quarters Captain Coleman did not relax his attention to his company or to his duties. Indeed, it was taxed more than ever, in the slow melting away of the army in that camp at Manassas by sickness, deser- tion, and other causes. I miglit quote from many letters of his brother officers and associates at this time to show how highly he 312 THE UNIVEKSITY MEMOKIAL. ^December was appreciated, and that his aflfability, liis agreeable qualities as a companion, his well-stored mind, and ^is fine conversational powers liad marked him here as everywhere else. When the army of McClellan moved down to the Peninsula, Captain Coleman moved Avith Johnston's army, to face it on the lines at Yorktown. The season was most inclement, and the march a terrible one. The writer met him in Williamsburg, on his march : I had not seen him since he entered on active ser- vice. The hardships of the winter service and the hard march had already told greatly upon him. But while his figure exhibited emaciation, and his gait reduced strength, his spirit was still the same. His uncomfortable quarters in the mud and cold of the inclement season, showed that his mind, in the midst of his daily distractions, still indulged in its wonted pursuits : his small store of baggage was composed in large part of books, chief among them the Bible, and all of a serious and solid character. It was touching to see how his heart went back to these more congenial objects, while his stern resolution held him to the performance of the present task. He could not be induced, for one night even, to leave his company or his uncomfortable encampment by the prospect of the society of friends, or the enticements of a comfort- able night's rest. The expectation of the array, as well as of the country, was that a great battle would be fought as soon as the forces were assembled. It was with this anticipation that Captain Coleman left Williamsburg the next day. Besides, his wife and family by this movement of the army had been left within the lines of the enemy. With so much care and anxiety pressing upon him, amid so much public gloom and with so solemn an anticipation, he moved forward with the calmness and resolution of one whose heart was fixed, whose determination to fulfil his duty was immu- table, yet ever cheerful under the hallowing influence of a faith that gilded the darkest hours of his life. I quote a letter from him at this time to his mother, to show the spirit that wrought within him : — " Dearest Mother : — I have a little time this Sabbath afternoon, and will write a few lines to tell you how strongly at this last moment, when no one knows what an hour may bring forth, the thought of all the love and tenderness and fostering care bestowed in my childhood, comes over your loving son. All that I am, 181-] THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 313 all the hap))incss I have ever enjoyed, is, I believe, due to you, and from you in a great peasuro, under Providence, comes my hope of immortal life. I thank God that I can and do love from my heart of hearts, all who are near to me — fatlier, mother, grandma (God bless her), brothers, sisters, wife, children, all." In writing of his wife, separated from him and from her chil- dren by a visit to her sick father, and detained now within the enemy's lines, he says : — " But it was right for her to go and see her dying father, notwithstanding the suffering it involves. Suf- fering encountered in the path of duty can never do harm." The result of this military movement is known. - The army fell back to the line of the Chickahominy. In the midst of the confu- sion of this retreat, the reorganization of the army was proceeding. The election of officers was made in nearly every Virginia regi- ment and company. In this election Captain Coleman was not again chosen by his old company ; a result by no means unusual, since scarcely an officer who had the rank of captain was reelected, no matter what his merit or capacity. Small jealousies and intrigues controlled the choice in most instances. As soon as the fact of his non-election was known, and his successor could take the command. Captain Colemax reported to the Adjutant Gen- eral's office. Here it was reasonable to suppose his career as a soldier might end. For many whose positions were not so import- ant, whose health was not so much iaipaired, whose professions did not so imperatively call them back to civil pursuits, military life did end ; but not for him whose firm soul had fixed its resolu- tion to let nothing prevent the discharge of duty. Captain Cole- man could not resolve to give up the service when the fate of his native State seemed so doubtful. With such views he again offered his services to the Govern- ment. His well known character, and his merit as an officer, at once gained him not only position, but promotion. He was com- missioned Major of Artillery, and placed in com^iand of one of the heavy batteries constructed on the hills around Richmond. Here, while organizing his command, improving and strengthen- ing the fort, and bringing order out of the chaos of the retreat and reorganization, he was elected Lieutenant-Colonel of the 1st Regi- ment of Virginia Artillery, a position which he promptly accepted as it offered a more immediate prospect of active service. His command was assigned to no particular division of the 314 THE UNIVEKSITY MEMORIAL. [December, the army, when the battles around Richmond, in June, 1862, com- menced. His regiment was held in reserve, and from it com- panies were ordered as occasion required. Colonel Coleman him- self, however, as a volunteer, was present at and participated in the battle of Cold Harbor. This was his first battle, and a severe schooling for a young soldier, as it was one of the bloodiest of the series of engagements. He often spoke of the awful grandeur of the battle, of the powerful emotions which it produced, but more than all of the comfort and sustaining power of a firm faith in Christ, amid the horrors of that day. During the engagement, by a change in the lines. Colonel Coleman was for a time in the hands of the enemy, but managed by coolness and intrepidity to extricate himself and rejoin his troops. He was held in reserve ao-ain at the terrible battle of Malvern Hill. In the period of inaction which occurred after these battles, owing to the unwholesome condition of the whole country, cov- ered with the unburied dead of both armies. Colonel Coleman Avas taken down, as were a great many officers, with typhoid fever, which completely disabled him for several months. On the ad- vance of the army into Maryland, he Avas only prevented from accompanying it by the earnest solicitations of friends, and the positive prohibition of his surgeon. As soon as that invasion ended, and the army recrossed the Potomac, he again joined his command, and along with the army confronted Hooker at Fred- ericksburg. Here at length, in the midst of scenes familiar to his youth, in the neighborhood of that academy where he com- menced his career of usefulness and honor, he w^as to fight his last battle and find his croAvn of martyrdom. A short time before the battle of Fredericksburg, while riding with a friend towards Port Royal, his friend remarked, "In the Seven Days' fight around Richmond, I fought literally over my father's grave ; my gun being but a few yards from it. If I should fall in this war, I should prefer to fall upon such, to me, sacred ground." Colonel Coleman replied, " If I am killed in this war, I .should prefer to fall here ; for hard by my father lies buried." Three days after, not far distant, he received his mortal wound. In the battle of the 13th of December at Fredericksburg, a part of Colonel Coleman's command was ordered up to fill a vacancy in the line; with his usual ardor he begged to be allowed to com- isea.] THE UKIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. 315 mand it ; ne went forward into the thick of that deadly contest. In the evening of that memorable day, after performing his whole duty, he was struck by a small bullet just below the knee, when in the act of pointing one of his guns. He considered the wound so slight that he refused to quit the field ; he remained until the close of the battle, and then submitted to be carried to a field hos- pital. Here he was found by his brother, Dr. Coleman, and his uncle, forgetful as usual of self, and as far as in his power admin- istering comfort and sympathy to the wounded and dying around him. He regarded his wound as so slight that when asked about it, he spoke of it as only a good furlough; but to the surgeon's eye it seemed more serious, and there was a momentary resolution to amputate the limb. This would doubtless have been done but for his own conviction of the insignificance of his wound, and the hurry and confusion and overwhelming engagements of the sul'- geons on what seemed more pressing cases. From the battle-field Colonel Colp^man was removed to Edge Hill, the residence of his brother-in-law, Samuel Schooler, Esq., near Guinney's Depot, in Caroline county, almost within sight of his old home. Concord Academy. Here he was speedily joined by his wife and other members of his family. In a short time his case began to exhibit unfavorable symptoms. The hardships of the service, his recent recovery from a long and wasting disease, and the reaction from the intense excitement of the battle, all tended to lower his vitality and to retard the process of healing. Tiie wound took on inflammation, virulent erysipelas ensued, accompanied with sufferings too terrible almost for endurance. His condition soon became hopeless; but he lingered on from week to week, tenderly nursed by his sorrowing friends and fam- ily, bearing with patience and fortitude for ninety-eight weary days, unexampled pain, till in his Master's good time he crowned an honored life with a Christian death. Thus passed away in the flower of his age, in the midst of liis useful career, one of the brightest and truest of Virginia's suns. Few men who fell in those dark and bloody days, were more widely or sincerely bemoaned. In that time of affliction, when there was scarce a house or cottage in the limits of the State but had its empty chair at the fireside, there was a universal expression of sorrow at the death of this good man. He had friends in every rank of life : his profession had made him 116 THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. [December, widely known in his own State and tliroughont the South. His death Avas deplored by them as a personal and a public calamity. The notices of his death which appeared in the public prints at the time, express the appreciation of his worth by his country- men, the grief of friends, and the general admiration for his many noble and generous qualities. He died on the 21st of March, 1863, in the 37th year of his age. His remains were removed for interment to his old home in Hanover county ; and there, in the opening spring, amid the whispering pines, with tears of family and friends, followed by the regrets of all, high and low, who ever knew him, they committed him to the hallowed ground where he sleeps with his fathers. Not every life worthy of record is so filled with dramatic situations and stirring incidents as to render it interesting to the mass of mankind ; but to a thoughtful and philosophic mind, it is not in these external circumstances that exists the interest or the influence of a life well spent. Were the greater physical phe- nomena of nature, the rarer instances of human greatness, the sole means afforded by God for impressing us with the forces of nature or humanity, we should be poor indeed. As in nature, the deeper we dive into her secrets the more thoroughly we explore the effects of causes apparently insignificant, the more truly are we enabled to appreciate them and to admire their wonderful results; so too, when we descend from the higher examples of human action and contemplate the true influences of the quiet workers of society, the more thoroughly do we comprehend the value of those lives and characters whose actions and course seem most unobtrusive. This man's lot was cast in a time of great events, among men whose acts will be the theme of the historian, whose sphere was conspicuous, and for the many the blaze of these more striking contemporary events and characters will quite eclipse his humbler path and achievements; but when we contemplate his life, and his influence for good not only upon those who were brought within his immediate sphere, but upon society, much will be found that we should not willingly let die. In his character, his actions, his life, and his death, he is alike entitled to our admiration and gratitude. His character, adorned with noble qualities and lofty virtues, his actions productive of good for his State and age, his life affording a shining example of patriotism and heroic self-devotion, his death illustrious by the glorious 1S62.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 317 triumph of Christian faitli, M-ere surely not devoid of instruction to every reflecting mind. I cannot close this short memoir witli- out devoting some space to the illustration of this thought, as well as to a general estimate of Prof. Colemax'.s character. Prof. Coi.E^iAX was endowed by nature with superior intel- lectual faculties, a memory retentive and accurate, an imagina- tion vivid and suggestive, a judgment sound and discriminating, and reason clear and logical. These had been carefully trained and developed by an education as thorough as the best institutions of learning in this country, and efforts earnest and unremitting on his part, could give. Of this his success as a scholar is sufficient proof The training and acquisitions of severer studies Avere sup- plemented by an extensive course of reading in classic and modern literature, which gave to his culture elegance and breadth, while it exercised and improved his taste, naturally refined and delicate. His powers were completely under his control. That flexibility of mind and power of concentrated application, which, as a youth, had niade him a successful student, placing him in the front of his classes, were not less effective in the undertakings of his man- hood. To whatever work he was called he was found equal, because he gave his undivided energies to its complete accomplish- ment. So that if it may not be said that he had genius, yet at least he was not only free from its eccentricities but possessed in an eminent degree those superior powers of application, persever- ance and energy, that complete control of vigorous and well- developed faculties, which in effect make the nearest approach to it. In his own peculiar professional province — the Latin language and literature — he was probably as advanced and as ripe a scholar as any man of his age in this country. Pie had devoted much time to it as a youth, had taught it for man^ years daily, had applied himself to the careful study of its philosophy and structure, its philology and literature, so that his knowledge of the subject was thorough as well as extensive, and he was found no unworthy successor of that profound scholar whose scat he was called to occu})y. His tastes, too, led him rather toward the ])ur- »uit of literature than of science ; as a student, he had always |)referred the languages ; so that inclination as well as peculiar study combined to render him excellent in his speciality. It often happens that exclusive attention to any one study developes the mind too much in a given direction, and gives rise to views 318 THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. [D'occmbcr, contracted or disproportioned. But such was not the case with him. His mind was well balanced, his culture well proportioned. He was no one-sided man, or man of one idea, but he had a gen- eral and scholarly acquaintance with other branches of learning which gave breadth and catliolicity to his views; this general culture was the setting to his specialty which made it the more shining and useful. As an instructor Prof. Coleman was eminently successful both with boys and with more advanced students. In his exposition of a subject he was clear and luminous, with singular powers of illus- tration. His well-stored mind furnished him "with a store of analogies which he used with such peculiar aptitude as to supply the place, in many respects, of the most cogent and logical statement. His manner was earnest, even vehement, claiming the fullest atten- tion ; so that while he wrought with his whole soul, and poured out the stores of his mind, his Iiearers Avere in a condition more readily to apprehend him and appropriate his teaching. Prof. Coleman has left no evidence in the form of literary production of his fine endowments and culture. This would seeiu singular as well as contradictory were there not a good reason for it. In his short and busy life there was no time for hira to devote to composition. Up to the time of his election to the professorship in the University, his whole time was necessarily given to his large school. No man without trial can appreciate properly the amount of actual labor which such a school as his imposed. On his shoulders as Principal all the responsibility and a large portion of the labor rested. He directed and controlled the conduct and studies of eighty boys, provided for their daily wants, taught an equal amount with any of his assistants, cor- rected exercises, kept the boys' accounts, corresponded with parents and guardians, managed their finances and his own. Under such harassing engagements, but little time could be found for literary production. One chief reason for his accepting the position of Professor, was that it would relieve him of a part of this burden. In a pecuniary point of view, his professorship was not compar- able' to his position as Principal of Hanover Academy, and scarcely superior in point of honor and distinction. He himself assigned as a reason for the move, the fact that his mind seemed almost petrifying under the perpetual, monotonous round of his school duties, and that for the sake of more leisure and better :8631 THE UNIVEKSITY MEMOEIAL. 319 opportunities for intellectual and spiritual culture, he was willing to sacrifice pecuniary advantages in assuming his new position. His course at the University was too brief for the realization of his own hopes and those of his friends, since he occupied the posi- tion only long enough to become familiar with its requirements. But even in this short time, and with the attention required for a class of more than a hundred students, he had commenced the work; in his moments of leisure he prosecuted the study of German, and entered upon a course of reading in general litera- ture. The mention of his work at Hanover Academy brings me to consider what may justly be in a great measure attributed to Mr. CoLEMAX, namely, the improvement of the general tone of educa- tion in his State. The Academy established by him in Hanover county, though a private enterprise, produced a marked influence upon the character of the schools in Virginia, and upon school education. Previous- ly to that time, good high schools were few in number, and were not taught upon any general plan or system. This sciiool was established exclusively with a view to prepare students for the University of Virginia, whose text-books were adopted and plan of instruction pursued. The student was prepared for any class he proposed to take in the University, and in many cases the course at the school embraced the entire course at the University. In consequence, the students from this school were not only found to be best prepared for the University, but many of them took high positions in their classes and were graduated with distinction. Many of these students on leaving college, seeing that Mr. Cole- MAX had not only made teaching profitable, but honorable, aban- doning the beaten track of the learned professions, adopted that of teaching instead. Plence, by the time that Mr. Coleman was promoted to the University, there was already quite a number of high schools in different parts of the State established on his plan. This not only produced a higher order of training in the scliools, but a higher grade of preparation in students for the University. Moreover, as these schools were all on the Univer- sity plan, there was a greater concentration towards that institu- tion from year to year, and in a period of ten years or more its attendance rose from two hundred and fifty to more than six hun- dred students. From the superior preparation of the students 320 THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. [December, another important result flowed, that the University was enabled to advance the grade of its scholarship and to extend its already expanded course. The minor colleges felt the same influence, since in order to maintain themselves it was necessary to rise above the high schools. Again, the increased advantages afforded by the University, and the higher grade of scholarship required for its honors, reflected in turn upon the schools, so that it may be safely affirmed that the advancement in the type of education in Vir- ginia in the space of ten years while Coleman was teacher, was equal to that of any double period preceding The concentration of attention upon the University of Virginia, caused to a con- siderable degree by the establishment of such schools in different parts of the State by its graduates, the number of the alumni of the University disseminated throughout the State and the South in all ranks and professions, has made that institution and its advantages conspicuous, given it a commanding position among the collegiate institutions of the South and placed it on a permaiv ent basis. The State appropriation, once grudgingly bestowed, is now eagerly extended by the loving hands of her foster-children, and they are to-day a band of brothers united in advancing her interests and illustrating the benefits of her establishment. It were saying too much to attribute all these happy results to the efforts of Mr. Coleman, or to say that he saw them or antici- pated them in his early labors ; much is due to tlie general advance- ment of the country, to the well-known and well-deserved reputa- tion of the officers of the University ; but good work well done will bring forth good fruit; the events spoken of above are in the sequence of cause and effect ; and there can be no reasonable doubt that the fortunate impulse which, happily seconded, has resulted so advantageously, was given by this quiet worker. In estimating the character of this man, it is hard for one who knew him and who loved him, not to deal in seeming hyperbole; for to know him was to love him. His clay, so kindly tempered by nature's hand, had been wrought by culture into delightful harmony. His sympathies were so large, his affections so true, his disposition so genial, his manners so gentle, his virtues so con- spicuous, yet so unobtrusive that no one could escape the spell of his influence. Qualities of head and heart combined to make him a most charming companion either for men of intellect or of feeling. These good qualities were irradiated by a deep religious 1863.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 321 faith that moulded every thought and shaped every action of his life. Few men were so firm in religious convictions as he, yet so free from all bigotry. While he belonged to a denomination of Christians somewhat exclusive in their tenets, this caused no nar- row sectarianism and did not limit the broad catholicity of his views. At Hanover Academy he employed ministers of several denominations to hold tiie regular services for his students, in the choice of whom he was guided rather by Christian principle and practice than by denomination or sect. If prominence should be given to one feature of his character more than another, it would be his high sense of duty. When the proper path of duty was made plain, when his reason was convinced, his sense of riglit satisfied, he took his resolve and pursued his course without one thought of self. Says Major Venable, one of his earliest and latest friends, "His conceptions of duty were as true and direct as his performance of it was thorough and exact." This sense of duty would never allow him as a boy to neglect a lesson, as a man and a teacher it would never allow him to shirk his full share of work. He was fond of society, and particularly of that of friends whom he had known his lifelong; yet how often has he risen from such a circle of which he was the charm, and marched ofT to his treadmill, as he called it, the correcting of students' exer- cises, or some other equally imperative but unattractive task. He was fond of books, of lettered ease, of literary pursuits, of culti- vated society ; he was eminently domestic, devoted to his fireside and its sacred delights; he had been nurtured tenderly, had never suffered hardship or sickness untended, hunger, cold or want unsatisfied ; he had troops of friends and devoted kindred in whose society he delighted to live and whose love kindled his very soul ; yet when his country called him in her hour of need, when he saw her bleeding under the heel of the invader, when the duty of patriotic self-devotion set itself plainly before him, at its sacred bidding he laid all these things aside — books, fireside, kindred, friends, and with a full consciousness of the sacrifice, without com- pulsion or persuasion, embraced a life of hardship, toil, Avant and danger, alike uncongenial with his habits and unsuited to his tastes. No ardor for military glory urged him to this course, no desire to win the applause of men, but simply that sense of duty which actuated him throughout his life. He doubtless thought there was a chance of his surviving the hardship and the battle, but his 21 322 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL, [December, own good sense must have told him that his chances were as one to a thousand. Yet neither the solicitations of friends nor the sor- row of separation from his loved home and family, nor hardship, nor sickness, nor wounds, nor death had power to shake the settled purpose of his soul. On his death-bed he still said if he recovered he must see the end of the war. In such noble self- devotion he has left an example which should place his name among the worthies of ancient story and inspire the youth of Vir- ginia to the latest generations. Mr. Coleman was ever ready to assist with heart and hand every praiseworthy enterprise. He gave of his means abun- dently to all charitable and religious objects. He educated many young men at his school free of charge, and assisted others at the University. He was one who did not willingly let his charities be known, and many of his good deeds go unremembered among men, as they are unrecorded. In his domestic relations no man was more charming: the idol of his little children, the kind and loving husband. There was a feminine gentleness in his disposition that eminently fitted him for all fireside enjoyments. His culture and refinement found the highest exercise and sweetest gratification in adorning the family altar. In all the relations of son, brother, kinsman, he was a model of excellence : his heart was ever open to all tlie kindly influences of clanship. In the days of his trial, when disease had subdued the man, these deeper feelings of his nature assumed a higher tone : in the sacred communings of mother and son, hus- band or wife, he found a consolation unspeakable, and reaped the rich harvest of these treasures of the soul. In his wider associations he was courteous and afi'able. He was remarkable for his conversational ability, which made his society attractive, even to strangers. Hence it happened that few men had a more extensive acquaintance or were more favorably known. But as a friend, no man Avas more true, more sympathizing, more congenial. With him friendship was no weak affection, to be faded by separation or severed by time. When he once gave his affections, he was not easily changed by conduct even unseemly. His sympathy was so large, that even in the midst of faults he could discern the remains of good, and fixing his attention on that, he threw the mantle of charity over the failings. Men may have fallen away from him, but he was always constant and the 1«62.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 323 same. While the affability of his manner and the charm of his society attracted many, it was only to a few that he delivered up his true affection. These he grappled to his soul with hooks of steel. To such as knew him in this fine phase of his character, it were needless to recall the charm of his society, — his cheerful temper, genial humor, the beaming eye, the glowing countenance, tlie ready sympathy which made reunions with friends so delight- ful to them and to him, as he said, the green spots in his life. The following tribute to his memory from the pen of John K. Thompson, Esq., one who knew him well, is added to fill up this skctcli, so imperfect : — " It was my happy fortune to know Lewis Minor Cole- man well during a period of years which commenced with his University life and ended only with his martyrdom in the cause of his country; and this intimacy but tended to strengthen the affection I felt for him at college, and to enhance the admiration which was there excited by his intellectual endowments. Few, very few men, redeem in later years the promise they may have given i'n the curriculum of the University. But it was a charac- teristic of Coleman that he made every acquisition the stepping- stone to something yet higher and nobler beyond, and his under- graduate honors had no value in his eyes other than as associated with those instructions which enabled him to reach forward to a still more thorough and exhaustive knowledge. " His gifts were rich and varied. He had a keen perception of the ludicrous and a lively enjoyment of mirthful sallies, and his conversation was at times lighted up by flashes of wit ; but the laughter he excited was always chaste, and he never sacrificed the feelings of others to a bon-mot. There was too much charity and kindness in his disposition for this, and his ambition soared far above the reputation of a brilliant conversationalist ; so much heart had he indeed, that humor predominated largely over wit — a quiet, gentle humor, like that of Charles Lamb, that broke out in sunny gleams over the barrenest topics. He had also a delicate sense of the beautiful in art, in literature, and in the natu- ral world. He was an industrious reader, and his mind drew to itself all that was true and elevated and wholesome in whatever he read, rejecting the false and the noxious, as the bee draws honey even from poisonous flowers ; and a memory singularly retentive, coming just here to his aid, he kept in his mental warehouse, as 324 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [December, weapons are kept in an armory, all the treasures of poetry and philosophy ready for instant use. All wild and romantic scenery he greatly enjoyed. I recollect to have met him once, just after his return from a trip up the Saguenay in East Canada, and his descriptions of what he had seen were full of an unstudied grace and eloquence such as is rarely found in books of travel. "In the line of usefulness he had marked out for himself, he reached the highest possible eminence, and deserves as a teacher to be ranked with Dr. Arnold of Rugby, whom, it was said, he had made his model. I have been with him at Hanover Acad- emy, both in his hours of teaching and his hours of play, and seen him among his pupils, beloved, never feared, always respec- ted, the master of their confidence and their affections. His sym- pathies were with them in the play-ground and in the recitation- room. His temj)er was the sweetest, and his discipline at once the most kindly and unbending of any Dominie that ever sat in magisterial authority over a school-room. The fruits of his sys- tem had already manifested themselves before his death, in a higher standard of academical training throughout Virginia. " As a private gentleman, as tlie warmly attached friend, tlie delightful companion, the sincere, humble Christian, carrying his life in his hand when his country called for it, I need not speak of him. I cannot think of his early death, a sacrifice to this Avar, without recalling the remarkable words of Lord Clai'endon, in concluding his lofty eulogy on Lucius Carey, Lord Falkland, wherein the historian speaks of that lamented nobleman as ' hav- ing so much despatched the business of life, that the oldest rarely attained to that immense knowledge, and the youngest enter not into the world with more innocency ;' and we may add, slightly varying the language of the sentence, that ' whoso leads such a life, need not' care in what manner or at what age it be taken from him.'" What more than all else gave to his character beauty and sym- metry, was his religion, his deep, abiding faith. While, as has been remarked, no bigotry, no sectarianism, no austerity of man- ner was visible in him, this lofty feeling, like a subtle aroma, plainly pervaded his life; his actions and conduct were ever shapen by religious precepts. His sympathy was alive to every exertion in the cause of Christ ; he gave freely of his time and his means. He delighted in the service of God. While at the University 1£62.] THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 325 of Virginia, though his duties were very onerous, as he had no assistant, lie never failed to attend the prayer-meetings of the stu- dents, not only taking part but sometimes leading in their devo- tional exercises. At the risk of interfering with more congenial services, he consented to become the superintendent of the Sabbath School for colored children and adults, and not even his higher and more pleasing duties were more faithfully performed. As God had blessed him, he was abundant in his private charities ; he was a benefactor to the poor all around his home in Hanover, and was remembered by them reverently and aifectionately. But above all was he abundant in that higher and holier charity which placed him in harmony with all that is lowliest, while it raised him to all that is purest and holiest. No man's faith was firmer or more consoling, and no one ever gave an example more shining of that beautiful influence of Christianity which, while withdrawing us from the world, leaves no trace of asceticism or austerity, but expands the heart with a larger, purer and higher sympathy for our kind ; while weaning us from frivolities and absorbing earthly pursuits, fixes our aflPections upon objects more serious, more use- ful and more virtuous, without narrowing our sympathies with the pursuits of men ; which, amid the cares and troubles of life, gives cheerful contentment, and, in sorrow and adversity, hopeful patience. Such faith, such example was his. No day and no undertaking was commenced by him without invoking God's blessing. It has been the writer's privilege to hear his earnest appeals to the Father in the family circle, to witness his reverent attention in public worship, to see him morning and evening with head uncovered and uplifted hands, invoke the blessing of God on his company and the cause, and His protection in the hour of danger. In speaking of these re- ligious exercises at the head of his company, a brotiier officer, ^ Captain Kirkpatrick, characterizes them as " direct, earnest, deep and fervent." "I shall never forget," says he, "the prayer he offered on the sad and memorable Sabbath morning Avhen we commenced our retreat from Centreville. His heart was very tender and very full, and it seemed to unburden itself into the sympathizing ear of that Saviour who is God over all, blessed forever, and who yearns over all his troubled children witli such unspeakable tenderness." In the day of battle, he often said, there was nothing so full of assurance to him amid its terrors and 326 THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. [December, its dangers, as the thought of Christ, his promises and his mer- cies. One of his brother oflBcers remarked that the earnestness and sincerity of his ejaculatory prayers upon the battle-field con- vinced him that " the soul of Colonel Coleman was always fixed upon the one sure hope and source of strength." " AVe were drawn up in line of battle," says Captain Kirk- patrick, " on the eastern bank of the Chickahominy, with the enemy advancing in front, on a Sabbath morning in April or May, 1862. Captain Coleman approached where I was lying, took from my hands the Bible I had been reading, and turning to the 84th Psalm, read it and commented upon its beautiful verses. I can now recall the earnest, longing tones in which he repeated ' How amiable are thy tabernacles, O Lord of Hosts ! My soul longeth, yea, even fainteth for the courts of the Lord : my heart and my flesh crieth out for the living God !' He drew a parallel between David's condition when he composed that Psalm, and ours as we had been driven by our enemies, and spoke of the wonder- ful adaptedness of God's word, when even such circumstances as those around us only the more forcibly impressed its truths and beauties upon the soul. He then went on to speak in glowing terms of the sweet privileges of God's House, the solemn assem- blies of His saints, their blissful communion with Him in all the ordinances of His worship. The impression made upon me by that reading and those running comments Avill never be effaced from my memory, and while my soul retains its powers, the 84th Psalm will be associated in my mind with Lewis Minor Cole- man and that beautiful but anxious Sabbath morning." Most of all did this fervent Christian spirit manifest itself in his last period of suffering. It was the writer's fortune to visit him during this time. In the wasted and emaciated frame, the sharpened features on which suffering had traced its deep lines, none but the eye of an intimate acquaintance could have recog- nized the man. All was changed except the spirit that still looked from his eyes. In the intervals of pain he was still cheer- ful, still hopeful in spite of the knowledge of his almost hopeless condition. His heart was still loving to all; with his friends he still expanded into something of the old genial warmth that flashed into his eye and face the old kindly glance. In the agony of suffering which held him in torture and sleepless wakefulness, his patience and fortitude, his grateful thanks to liis attendants, 1362] THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 327 the upturned eye in silent supplication, the earnest spoken appeal to Heaven for support, touched every beholder to the heart. In his troubled sleep, his mind ever wandered among the friends and occupations of the peaceful past, or the sterner and sadder scenes of his later life. At one time loved names trembled on his lips, again he recited as if from his tribune, and then the short, sharp word of command would burst from his lips, as if in the midst of sweeter dreams the dread realities of his later life mino-led like a troubled current. As time passed on and the faint hope of even the most sanguine faded away, the darkened chamber in which that pure and saintly existence was waning away seemed illuminated by rays from the very gate of Heaven. When told that his end approached, the intelligence wrought no change, infused no terror in one whose faith was anchored so deep. He spoke of death not only with calmness and resignation, but with cheerfulness and the fulness of Christian hope. Said he to his weeping friends, " It is but a short trip ; it is only taking a little journey, then safe and happy forever." " I had hoped to do good while living; but I may do more good by dying than by living." He repeated those noble and consoling words from Cor. xv., '' This corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality," and rejoiced that he should soon realize that glory. He sent messages to his absent friends by name. He arranged his Avorldly aifairs with clearness and exactness. Calling his wife to his bedside, he committed his children to her care, and them all to the protection of Almighty God, and with eloquent words pronounced a eulogy upon her who had so blessed his life with love and joy, and fer- vently thanked her for all her love and the domestic happiness with which she had crowned his life on earth. He did not forget his commanders. "Tell General Lee and GeneralJackson," said he, in almost the words of another soldier Christian, "they know how Christian soldiers can fight : I wish they could see now how a Christian soldier can die."* *In communicating this message to General Jackson, Dr. Coleman wrote:— "I tloubi not, General, that the Intimate acquaintance witli yourself whicli my brother desired on eartlj will be vouclisafed to Ijini in Heaven, and tliat wlieu your career of usefulness here is ended, in the green pastures and by the still waters of a brighter sphere you and he will meet in sweet communion and fellowship, and that your earthly acquaintance will be purltiod and i)erfected into an eternal friendship." General Jackson responded :— " Had your brother lived, it was my purpose to be- come better acquainted witli liim. I saw much less of him than I desired. I look beyond this life to an existence where I hope to know him better. " Very truly, your friend, " T. J. Jackson." Within five or six weeks these anticipations were realized, wlien tlie hero " passed over the river." 328 THE UNIVEKSITY MEMORIAL. [December. In those last hours his prayer was for release from pain and suifering. " Lord Jesus, come quickly ! " Writhing in pain, he ex- pressed the fear that God's face was hid from him, but shortly after he recalled the doubt. " Doctor, you remember I said I did not feel God's presence with me. Now I know that He is near me, and I feel the breath of the angels' wings." Waking from a troubled sleep and turning to his brother, in semi-uncon- sciousness he said : " Malcolm, did I die as a Christian soldier ought to die?" Then recovering his consciousness he said, " I thought I had died on the battle-field." In his last moments of consciousness he requested his friends to sing the hymn " Jesus, I love thy charming name." As the last verse — " I'll speak the honors of Thy name With mj' last laboring breath ; And dj'ing, clasp Thee in my arms, The antidote of death " — was sung by the tearful voices of his friends, with faltering, dying tones he joined in them. Some said to him, " You will soon be in Heaven ; are you willing to go ? " " Perfectly willing ; certainly I am." These were his last words, and so he passed to his rest. To his friends and contemporaries, the contemplation of the early death of one to them so dear, to his country so useful, so full of promise, should not be all of sorrow and pain ; they should thank God and take courage that an example of character so ten- der and gracious, of life so true and good, of a death so triutrtph- snt and glorious, had been consecrated in their recollection for imitation. From such a life, from such a death, a thousand glo- ries rise to ennoble human nature and to point mankind to virtue. In time to come his name will be coupled in letters with that of Arnold, and in arms with those of his fellow-soldiers in Christ and on earth, Gardiner, Havelock, and saintly Vicars ; and when his loved State shall gather up her jewels, among tlie names of those who, in a wider theatre and in more conspicuous positions, have acted well their parts, she will write high on the roll of fume and encircle with an unfading wreath the name of Lewis Minor Coleman, the scholar, the soldier, and the Christian. END OF VOLUME II. The Ui^iyersity Memoeial. VOLUME III — 1868. HENRY ST. GEORGE TUCKER, Lieuteuant-Colonel, 15th Virginia Infantry. The subject of this brief sketch, Henry St. George Tucker, the son of that eminent Virginian who served his State so long and well as Judge, and as Professor of Law in her University, Judge Henry St. George Tucker, was born in AVinchester, Virginia, Jan- uary 5th, 1828. He entered AVashington College (Lexington, Va.) at the age of fifteen, and after spending one year in that institu- tion, came to the University in 1844. He here pursued success- fully for two years the studies of the literary and scientific departments, and graduated in several of the leading schools. In 1845-6 he was one of three graduates in the school of Matlie- matics. At the close of that session he delivered the Valedictory Oration before the Jefferson Society. He exhibited in his course fine powers of acquisition, and, for his early age, remarkable lite- rary talent and culture. In his University career St. Tucker (the name by which his friends best knew him) was without an enemy. His wit, his genial temperament, gentle disposition, and high social qualities made him the beloved companion and friend of Harrison, Coleman, Thornton, and of marty other noble spirits on whom, as on him, our Alma Mater seemed to bestow her richest gifts, that their sacrifice in the prime of glorious manhood might be the more costly. Having completed his academic course in the University, he studied Law in William and Mary College, under the tuition ©f his uncle. Judge N. Beverly Tucker, Professor of Law in that institution, and in 1848 came to the bar in Charlottesville. Here he married Miss Lizzie Gilmer, eldest daughter of Governor Tiiomas .Walker Gilmer. In the session of 1850-51, St. George Tucker was elected Clerk of the Senate of Virginia, which position he 330 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [January, filled with credit and efficiency. In the session of 1852-3 he was elected Clerk of the House of Delegates, and served with great acceptance for four or five years. His talents and popularity gave him remarkable power in the legislative body. In 1857 he gave up this post and undertook the duties of instructor in Mathe- matics (for which liis mathematical education, under the lamented Courtenay, had well qualified him), in an academy at Ashland, in Hanover county. After teaching for two years, Tucker went back to the profession of law, beginning the practice again in Hanover county. The war found him occupied with his profes- sion, living in his quiet home near Ashland. It was eminently fitting that a son of the noble stock which had given so many distinguished patriots to the service of Vir- ginia in times past, should go promptly at her bidding to do and die for our old Mother in the hour of her peril and her need. Captain St. George Tucker entered the field with the first breaking out of hostilities in command of the " Ashland Grays," a company composed of his neighbors and friends. This company was attached to the 15tli Virginia regiment under Colonel Thomas P. August. In this command Captain Tucker did honorable service in the Peninsula in '61 and '62, under General Magruder, the 15tl\ Virginia regiment forming a part of Semmes' brigade. In the Seven Days' battles around Richmond, in 1862, the 15th Virginia was engaged in the attack on the rear-guard of McClel- lan's army on the 29tli June, at Savage Station, by McLaw's division, under the orders of General Magruder. Again Captain Tucker commanded his company in the charge made by Magru- der's division at Malvern Hill in the battle of July 1st, where our brave men went forward under the most destructive artillery fire of the war, and notwithstanding the havoc made in their ranks by the storm of shot and shell, kept up the unequal contest until night closed over the battle-field, and slept on their arms within one hundred yards of the enemy's guns. In this battle Major Walker, of the 15th Virginia regiment, was killed, and Captain Tucker was promoted to majority and subsequently to the lieuten- ant-colonelcy of the regiment. But the hardships and exposure of a Confederate soldier's life had done their fatal work on a consti- tution not naturally very strong. In the summer of 1862, Colonel Tucker left the field a dying man. He lingered for a season, and died January 2-4th, 1863, in Charlottesville, where his family then resided. 1863.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL, 331 In early life Colonel Tucker had strong religions convictions, but these became apparently clouded as he grew up to manhood, but never lost their entire power over his mind. For more than a year before his death he had been turning his mind to religion, and died in the membership of the Presbyterian Church at Char- lottesville, in the faith of a sincere and humble Christian. St. George Tucker inherited in a hio-h decree the brilliant talents of his family. He had strong poetic gifts, great humor, deep sensibility, and an ardent love of the beautiful in nature, art, and literature. As a writer, he displayed much taste and ability. All that he wrote was characterized by purity, simplicity, and elegance of diction. In 1857, he published a novel, under the title of" Hansford, a Tale of Bacon's Eebellion,"* a charming picture of the domestic life of the Cavaliers of the Old Dominion, interwoven with many passages of power and pathos. From its pages flash out the true Virginian love of liberty, and scorn and hatred for the minions of unscrupulous power. In one of its chapters the author makes his hero, Hansford, in an hour of dis- aster and peril, give utterance to sentiments which, a few short years afterwards, served well, alas ! to tell the faith and fate of the author — " Though tyranuy, with bloody laws, May dig my early grave, Yet death, wheu met in freedom's cause, Is sweetest to the brave. Wedded to her, Without a fear, I'll mount her funeral pile, Welcome the death Which seals my faith. And meet it with a smile." The friends of Colonel Tucker's college life and early manhood, loved him well. He was ever confiding, kind and affectionate, and those who were attracted to him by his genial wit and humor, and his bright, cheerful disposition, became bound to him through his sterling qualities in the ties of true and lasting friendship. By them will his memory be cherished, as a friend and comrade, as a brave and unselfish patriot, who loved Virginia, and gav-e his life for her; a costly sacrifice of talents and attainments upon the altar of her liberties. *Tliis novel was republished in 1801, by Peterson, of Philadelphia, under the title of " The Devoted Bride." 332 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [Jaauary, JOHN HERNDON MAURY, Lieutenant and A. D. C. to General D. H. Maury. Of all the precious jewels that we lost in the war, there was none more comely than John H. Maury. Perhaps there was not a single sacrifice, in that dreadful struggle, made under such a veil of sadness and impenetrable mystery as that which sur- rounds his death. He was born in Fredericksburg, Virginia, October 21st, 1842. His mother Avas the daughter of the late Dabney Herndon, of that place, and his father was Lieutenant M. F. Maury, who was, about that time, ordered to the post at Washington, in whicli those services were rendered to commerce and navigation, and to the cause of science, that won for the National Observatory its former renown. He was the fourth of eight children, two sisters and a brother being his elders. The Observatory continued to be the home of the family from July, 1842, until April, 1861, when Virginia withdrew from the Union, and called upon her sons in the Army and Navy of the United States, to quit it, and rally around her own standard. The subject of this memoir w^as then in his nineteenth year, and a student at the University of Virginia, for which he had been chiefly prepared at the school of that excellent teacher and accom- plished gentleman, Mr. Bowen, of Georgetown. Adhering to the principles which had been instilled into him at home, never to seeh employment in the public service, lie decided at an early period, notwithstanding a slight impediment of speecli, which, however, he hoped to overcome, to adopt the profession of the law. To strengthen his constitution — for, like all the family, he suffered much from the miasmatic pestilence which enveloped tlie Observatory, — and to give him a closer insight into the practical workings of the profession he was about to adopt, he was sent in the summer of 1859, to Newburgh, on the Hudson, where he be- came an inmate of the family of the early'friend and preceptor of his father, William C Hasbrouck, then, and now, the leading lawyer of that place. He left the Observatory for New York, July 21st, 1859, and on that day, commenced a diary, in which \gg3.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 333 he wrote daily. It is now before us, with the entry in large let- ters on the title-page : " STRICTLY PRIVATE." Most of the family papers and correspondence were lost during the war, and it is upon a few stray letters and the first volume of this diary, that we have to rely for incidents tending to show the character of this amiable youth. Comely in person, and gentle in disposition, he possessed all those noble and ennobling traits which dignify manhood, and which seemed to be so blended in him that nothing more was left for his j^arents to desire. Arriving in New York alone, his first adventure was the loss of his trunk through the negligence of the Express, and it was several weeks before he recovered it. Mr. Hasbrouck asked him for an inventory of its contents so that he might make reclama- tion upon the company, and we find this entry in his faithful diary: — " July 27th. No news of my trunk. I have made out an inventory of all the articles, with the prices as far as I can recollect. I was so afraid of cheating, I cheated myself." " August 1, 1859. Had a long visit from young to-day (a new acquaintance) ; he wants me to make him a visit. At the door he renewed his invitation, but in such a way that I will not accept it. ' Mother,' said he, ' is going away the latter part of this week; then you can come and stay Friday, Saturday and Sunday, and then you can do as you please.' I wonder if that's the way of Yankee invitations." He had not been at Newburgli more than a week or two before he was recalled to the Observatory, one of his sisters being dan- gerously ill. " At home, Aug. 8. They say Nannie is quite bright this morning, but still I am not permitted" to see her. I go and peep at her through the door, but that is all. I have been passing the day reading ' Ivanhoe.' Getting too fond of novel-reading; must stop it." ^'^ Sunday, Aug. 21. Saw my old school-fellows, John and T. N., at Church to-day. I was in hopes that John Avould not go to the University of Virginia until next session, so that I could measure myself against him. But these hopes are all knocked in the liead." ^' Aug. 22. Mr. Watt brought in 199 ripe pears this morning. All the morning taken up in sending presents of them to our 334 THE UIs'IVEKSITY MEMORIAL. [January, various neighbors. Pa received tliis morning an offer from Leo- pold, King of Belgium, of an order of knighthood, which he was obliged to decline. AVhy didn't he do like tlie King of Portugal and send it without asking him anything about it." "Aug. 30. Pa went with Bishop Otoy to-day to see the Presi- dent, Mr. Cass and others. The Bishop is greatly enthused on the subject of a University of the South, to be erected in the Cumber- land Mts., Tenn., under Episcopal auspices." He got back to his good friends in Newburgh, Friday, Sept. 2d. ; Monday Mr. Hasbrouck had not set him to work. He could not bear to lose even one day, so on Monday, the 5th, this interesting diary says: — "No mention made of study, and Mr. H. has gone to the office, leaving me at home. But about 8 I started to work at Spanish, Latin and French, and stuck at them steadily till dinnor-time. Pitched into ' Blackstone ' at night. I want Mr. Ho to see me. I hope it will bring him to say something to me about it. My plan succeeded admirably, and I have now some half dozen books on hand to read." " Wednesday 7. I have gone to work in earnest. Waded into ^ Blackstone ' directly after breakfast. After dinner took a little more of ' Blackstone ' until some one came in to see Mr. H., when I slipt out. After they had gone, came hack for half an hour. After supper finished the question on section 2d. Mr. H. com- menced to examine me on them. Bungled at two, though I was not quite prepared for any examination yet." " Thursday, Oct. 6. I don't work so well now as I did a couple of weeks ago. My mind is wandering from the book all the time, and I have to read some parts over three or four times before I can get the sense of it ; but that is partly owing to the many law terms I meet with and its being too in the old style of spelling. Didn't get back into the office until after tea. I worked about an hour, or tried to do so, but could'nt keep from nodding, so I thought it best to go to bed." " Thursday, Oct. 20. Finished ' Littleton ' to-day, the second lime, and commenced the second volume of Blackstone.' I want to finish all the four books before Christmas." He went home for his Christmas holidays. Much of his time was spent at the capitol, hearing the debates in Congress; but Monday, January 9th, found him fresh and bright as usual, on his way back to Newburgh and the law, where he arrived on the 10th, after crossing the river on the ice. isiiS.] THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. 335 " Tuesday, Jan. 11, Went to a book-keeping class this even- ing. Read first chapter in ' Kent.' No prospect of my being put down in the business-office. The vacant desk has been sent away. " Thursday, Jan, 26. Spoke to Mr. H., about moving me down in the office. Said I might go in the morning. Good." " Jan. 27, Moved to-day, greatly to my delight. Stand some chance now of learning something about the practical part of business." " Monday, Mar. 5. Busy reading up for my maiden law-suit." "J/«r. 6. One suit came off to-day. Got judgment and costs. Got another suit." " Thursday, Mar. 15. Very busy in office, foreclosing mort- gagcF. Everybody writing as hard as they can drive." " Wednesday, June 20. Left Newburgh for good at 9, P. M. Xow for home." The family had now broken up at the Observatory, and gone to Virginia, as usual, for their summer recreation. He joined them in Fredericksburg. He was now looking forward anxiously to the University of Virginia, which was to commence its annual session the first of October. ' His rule was to do with all his might whatever he undertook. So we soon find him at the law again in Fredericksburg. '^ Friday, Qth July. Commenced the law again this morning with Uncle Charles Herudon. Reading 'Warren's Legal Stu- dies.'" " Tuesday, July 10. Am studying French with Cousin John Minor, of evenings." Wednesday, July 25. Got a letter from Pa, saying for some reason which he would not tell, there is very little prospect of my going to the University the coming session of 1860-61. AVhat can it mean ? " " July 26. Nothing more about college ; am anxious. Don't want to go anywhere but to the U. of Va." " July 28. Wrote to Pa to-day on the University subject," " Aur/. 28. Had a long talk with Pa on the subject of Lex- ington and the University of Virginia. Lexington was knocked on the head. Hurra for the U. of Va ! " " Tuesday, Sept. 11. Uncle Brodie went to Warrentou Springs this evening; left a note asking me to go and see some of his patients." 336 THE TJNIVERSTTY MEMORIAL. [January, "Sept. 12. Went around to see Uucle Brodie's patients this morning ; felt their pulses, looked at their tongues, &c., then left tlie medicines." " Sept. 28. Pa has allowed me for the coming year $500. A very liberal allowance." "Sept. 29. Started for College this morning." "University of Virginia, Oct. 1. No lectures for me to-day. Got my carpet put down." " Oct. 2. Attended my first lecture to-day. Frank Smith, Pro- fessor of Natural Philosophy." He now set in regularly to work ; and one of his chief pleas- ures was meeting with his old Georgetown school-fellow, J. N., whom he admired so much and with whom he was so anxious to measure himself. The entries in his diary became, now, less and less full, but they showed he was working hard — setting up late at his studies, until the small hours, and rising again sometimes at five, for his course was very full. " Sunday, Oct. 14. " Went to the University Chapel both times to-day " — his rule was to attend church regularly — " 'twas rain- ing too hard to go to town. Joined Dr. Davis' Bible Class this evening." " 3Ionday, Oct. 15. Up until 2 o'clock to-night, studying Math." " Wednesday, Oct. 17. Rose this morning at half-past 8. Rather later than usual. Joe did not wake me up." "Thursday, Oct.l^. Late at breakfast again ; must 'turn over a new leaf.' " This is the end of the journal and the last entry ; and it was "a new leaf," indeed, which he was about to " turn," for the country was fast drifting into war and he had the blank volume of the future before him to fill up with its horrors. He was the first of the foremost to take the field in that memorable war. A call was made upon the students for volunteers for a secret expedition. It was to take possession of Harper's Ferry. They went like minute men, and he among them. True, as yet no hostile foot had crossed the borders of Virginia and no blood .had stained her soil; but she was drifting rapidly into war; developments were swift, stirring and portentous ; the public mind was wild with excitement, and all was martial pre- paration. After a week or so, calmer counsels prevailed for the IS,;?..] THE UiMVEKSriY MEMORIAL. 337 nioiuent, and young Maury and others were remanded back to their studies. He was under age and coukl not then join the army. But with the first excitement the time for study passed away ; and then the students who remained, organized themselves into military companies, and the University put on the aspect more of a training school than of a temple dedicated to the arts, literature and the peaceful walks of philosophy. The father well knew his son's power of abstraction and mental application, and urged him to push on with his studies. But, one after another, his fellow-students left, some for the field, some for home and some to raise companies and join the army. He entreated, plead duty to the State, and got leave to go. His first essay was to raise an artillery companyo He set out alone and upon his own responsibility to beat up recruits, but there were no guns, so that enterprise had to be abandonedo By this time Roanoke was hard pushed, and he went down upon his own " hook " to join Commodore Lynch, who had com- mand of our little flotilla there. The only written record left of his adventures on this expedition, is a note — on a scrap of paper — to his father, dated " ' Sea Bird/ Elizabeth City, N. C, \ Feb. dth, 1862. (Sunday.) j " Dear Pa : I reached here yesterday evening, too late for the fight. Found Lynch and fleet here. It had returned here after his ammunition had given out. One of his vessels sunk, three men wounded. We are going down towards the Island imme- diately. No time to write more. Love to all. J. H. Maury." They went. The Sea Bird was nothing more than a cockle-shell. She was met by the stout, strong and well-equipped vessels of the enemy, fired and sunk. His trunk with all his worldly pos- sessions, went down in her. He escaped to the shore and came back unscathed, with nothing but the clothes in which he went into the fight. He was now appointed Master in the navy, and went to work in the woods, getting out timber for gunboats. Here, as ever, lie won the admiration and elicited the praise of all the officers for his devotion to duty, singleness of purpose, and the thorough- ness with which he executed orders, oo 338 THE UNIVEE:>ITy MEMORIAL. [January, Times' however, were too 'stirring for a spirit like his to be felling trees in the forest and building vessels that, as events de- veloped themselves, he soon foresaw never would be launched. He resigned his appointment in the navy, with the view of going into the army. He was soon invited on the staif of General D. H. Maury, in Mississippi. His fortunes were now cast Avith the Array of the AVest ; and the same noble traits and gentle disposi- tion which so endeared him to hearts at home, made him a universal favorite with his companions in arms. He had not, however, been wnth them long, before his mother and sisters, whom it had been his duty and pleasure to see com- fortably established in their new home in Fredericksburg, were broken and scattered like many others. His father had been sent abroad ; his brother was only waiting for his wound (received in the well-fought field of ' Seven Pines ') to heal, to take the field asfain ; and his mother, with the rest of the family had been driven out of Fredericksburg. It was now a scattered family, never again to be united in this Avorld. In November, 1 Fredericksburg, April SOth, 1863. \ " Mij Dear Mother: — "The battle of Fredericksburg to all appearances, is like Manassas, to have a duplicate. At 10 o'clock yesterday morning, without any previous notice, or the least expectation on our part of an advance by the enemy — a courier, in a desperate hurry,, brought the order to be ready to move at a moment's notice, which was soon followed by the final one, and at 10.30, our winter quar- ters Avere broken up, camp deserted, and the * Light Division' was wending its Avay towards the old battle-field. There are soldiers for you ! after being in camp six months, where a great many little comforts had been collected, to be on the march in half an hour from the time they Avere told to prepare to leave ! Of course, there was no time for cooking, so we had to do without food until this morning, when hard crackers and raw salt beef were served to the thousands of hungry men anxiously expecting something. It rained from the time we arrived yesterday evening until noon to-day, but we were so tired and hungry that sleep was not to be driven off by any circumstances, however disadvantageous, and I for one slept like a top. Our brigade occupies exactly the same position it did in the last battle, and there is not much danger of the Yanks flanking us again. The men are in splendid spirits, ready to yell on the least provocation. ' Old Jack ' and Lee both caught it mercilessly this morning while making the rounds. We just know that we can thrash Hooker ' out of sight,' and the beauty of the thing is tliat he and his men know it too. From the top of the hill, behind our lines, their long lines can be plainly seen. Our skirmishers are only a few hundred yards apart. The batteries have opened and the men are falling in, so good-bye ; have no fear for me, for I fear nothing for myself. My trust in God is always strong enough in such times as these to keep me cool and confident J^ Long before this letter met the loving eyes for which it was in- tended, tidings had sped to the mother that her boy, while leading iiis men to victory, had fallen in front of the works at Chancel- lorsville. He had followed the great leader of his corps in count- 1863.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 359 less earthly triumphs, and now shared with him a victory before "which paled all the glories of Richmond and Manassas. He had fought the good fight, he had endured hardness as a good soldier of Christ; he had won the crown of life promised to those who are faithful unto death. It would be wcU-nigh impossible to picture the gloom cast by his death upon his regiment, liis brigade, upon all who knew him. The old brigade he loved so well paid his memory the unusual honor of attending almost in a body the rude obsequies accorded the young subaltern. Like the hero of Coruiia, he was buried at night, wrapped in his simple soldier's blanket, on the field made glorious for all time by his own valor and that of his comrades. No useless coffin, no farewell shot — only tlie struggling moon- beams shining on the hero's grave. He now sleeps among his own kindred in the far-off Southern land. The hold which he had taken on all hearts is evidenced by the countless letters which came to his family voluntarily and at once from those who knew him. Some had been Irs companions at college, some on Morris Island, some in the campaigns in Vir- ginia; but in all cases the testimony was the same to that most rare union of gentle and soldierly virtues, to his humble piety, splendid courage, gentleness, purity, self-abnegation. His Cap- tain, a distinguished University man and a tried soldier, who in the next general action yielded up his noble life, writes to his mother: — "Of his nobleness and piety I need not tell you. Tliough so long absent, his heart, I know, was ever open to his parents in all things; and I have never known anything of him, but his praises and his merits, that he might not tell you. Always mindful of his religious duties, he was of late especially devout, constantly reading his Bible, and often singing hymns with the men, whose affectionate regard for him caused them to take every occasion to be with and about him. His cheerful, bright humor never flagged, even on the battle-field, where his smile seemed more radiant than ever, while his voice and command gave life and courage to those aljout him." His Lieutenant-Colonel, long before death had hallow(;d his memory to his friends, described him as "in battle splendid, in private life exceedingly beloved — in short, the model of a Chris- tian soldier." 360 THE UJS'IVEESITY MEMOr.IAL. [May, Many knew him only on the field of battle. Tliese were im- pressed by his person and bearing, by his fine soldierly instinct, by the coolness in desperate events which shone clear of all affec- tation. But to those who possessed the jjrivilege of his friendship, no mere words, nothing but his simple name, " Pixckxey Sea- brook," can bring back a semblance of the man they loved. Si'lfish sorrow dares not raise its wail in contemplating that Chris- tian life so rounded with the sleep which He giveth His beloved ; Avhile, as a soldier, his name shall go down upon the lips of com- rades eager to speak the biography of one who, to their mind, filled the measure of perfect knighthood — " chaste in his thoughts, modest in his words, liberal and valiant in deeds." GREENLEE DAVIDSON, Captain, "Letcher Light Artillery." Greenlee Davidson, son of James D. Davidson and Hannah Greenlee, was born in Lexington, Virginia, on the 21st of June, 1834. On both sides of his family he was descended from the early Scotch-Irish settlers of the Valley of Virginia. In his veins flowed the blood of the Davidsons, Greenlees, McDowells, Grigsbys, Dormans, and Paxtons — names alike distinguished in the Revolution, the Avar of 1812, and the recent bloody struggle. He entered Washington College, September, 1852, and took the Master's degree in June, 1855. The session '55-6 he was a student of Law at the University of Virginia, the study of which he com- pleted at the " Lexington Law School," under the tuition of Judge John W. Brokenbrough, in June, 1857. He commenced at once the practice of his profession in connection with his father, whose practice was one of the largest in the upper Valley. To the duties of his profession proper, he united the labors of a Master Commissioner in Chancery. The records of both the courts of Rockbridge county abound with evidence of his indus- try, fidelity and ability. Such was Captain Davidson when the war commenced. In May, 1861, Governor John Letcher, who had known him from his childhood, tendered him the post of Aide-de-Camp with the 18G3.] THE UKIVEKSITY MEMOEIAL. rank of Lieutenant Colonel of Cavalry, the duties of which office he discharged with zeal and ability, until February, 1862. Con- scientiously impressed that it was his duty to go to the field, he, during the fall of 1861 and the winter of 1862, raised and equipped the " Letcher Light Artillery," of which he was elected Captain. In February, 1862, his resignation as A. D. C. was reluctantly accepted by the Governor, and he entered upon his career of active soldier-life. His battery was assigned to A. P. Hill's Division, Stonewall Jackson's Corps, and was first brought into action on AVednesday evening, the 26th June, 1862, at Mechanicsvillc. This was the beginning of that great Seven Days' fight which culminated in the blood of Malvern Hill on the 2d of July. From day to day he was engaged during that terrible conflict. It was, however, at Malvern Hill that his battery acted the most conspicuous part, a detailed account of which has already been given in the memoir of one of its officers, Lieutenant Charles Ellis Munford, who fell there. . It would transcend due limits to follow minutely the " Letcher Battery " through its succeeding fights. A simple enumeration must therefore suffice. It was engaged at Cedar Mountain, Warrenton Springs, and Second Manassas; participated in the ensuing Mary- land campaign ; was greatly distinguished at the capture of Har- per's Ferry ; reached the field of Sharpsburg in time to Avitness the victory ; under A. P. Hill, was conspicuous in the contest at Boteler's Mill during the re-crossing of the Potomac ; and on the 23d of December, 1862, closed the service of that eventful year at the great battle of Fredericksburg. Our captures of ordnance at Harper's Ferry and Fredericksburg enabled Captain Davidson to replace his light six-pounders, with which his battery had been, up to that time, furnished, Avith twelve-pounder Napoleons. Two of the six-pounder bronze guns of the battery had been cast in March, 1862, at the Tredegar AVorks, from a part of the metal of six large French guns belong- ing to the Virginia Armory at Richmond. These guns were, after the re-equipment, 2)resented to the Virginia Military Insti- tute, bearing inscriptions showing the actions in which they had been engaged, together with the following : — 362 THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. ^May, PRESENTED TO THE VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE. By the Officers of the Letcher Artillery, Greenlee Davidson, CaiJtain. John Tyler, \st Lieutenant, Thomas A. Brander, Junior 1st Lieutenant. Charles Ellis Munford, 2d Lieutenant. William E. Tanner, Junior 2d Lieutenant. January 1st, 18G3. "With the exception of skirmishing along the lines, the Army of Northern Virginia had no serions engagement from the 23d December, 1862, until the 2d May, 1863. The campaign opened with Chancellorsville, a name deeply engraved upon the memory of the people of the Valley, and especially of the citizens of Rockbridge. In that battle fell Jackson, Paxton, and Davidsox. On the 2d of May the Letcher Artillery was conspicuously engaged. The battle was renewed on the 3d, the victory was vir- tually won, the artillery was ordered to the rear to re-supply its expended ammunition, and an infantry charge was ordered to complete the rout of the enemy. Captain Davidson, under the inspiration of a soldier's pride, and forgetful of personal danger, under the glow of an unselfish patriotism, leaving his \vearied com- pany resting in the rear, returned with the infantry charge to the fighting line. His death-wound was the result. He was carried to the rear. The regular surgeon being otherwise engaged, a captured Federal surgeon was called in. To him Captain D. said, " Doctor, I know my wound is mortal ; tell me how long I will live." The reply was, " Captain, you cannot live exceeding one hour." " Tiiank you, Doctor," was his calm response. To his sorrow-stricken soldiers he said, "I am proud of your conduct to-day." As hazy death shut out surrounding objects and the dull ear no longer caught the huzzas of victory, his childhood memories awoke. Home and its loved ones passed before him, and brighter than all was the loved and loving mother's eye which seemed to rest upon her first-born, her best beloved. Dying he exclaimed, " Take me home, oh ! take me home ! " Truly he was taken " home." His freed spirit returned to the God who gave it, to join company with the noble band of heroes who had gone before, and to be reunited 1863.] TIIK IINIVKESITY MEMOEIAL. 363 with a belov'ed brother, Frederick, next to him in birtli, who had breathed out his young life on the field of the First Manassas; and soon to be joined by a still younger brother, Albert, who gave his life to his country's cause in Southwest Virginia, after that cause was lost, but before the sad inte«lligence had reached the bor- ders of the army. Thus a patriotic and devoted father and mother have been called to mourn the loss of three sons out of five — all of whom were brave and faithful soldiers. Captain Davidson fell in the twenty-ninth year of his age. How brief the career if reckoned by years, but how long if reckoned by events and sacrifices ! Thirteen great battles and almost numberless skirmishes characterized his soldier-life. Mod- ern science enabled him to see as much war and undergo as much personal danger, as have fallen to the lot of the heroes of history. He was, however, a man as well as a soldier. Descended from the best blood of the Valley — from names identified with all the great events of Virginia — he fully vindicated his lineage. As a student he was faithful and diligent, as a lawyer and Commissioner in Chancery, he was eminently successful ; for he had good sense, thoroughness, patience, industry and preeminent integrity, both mental and moral. His mind was remarkable for its balance, and his character not less so for its spherical symmetry. • All his gifts of mind, heart and character bespoke future usefulness and success. In person he was tall, lithe and well-proportioned. His features were high, his profile clear-cut and strikingly handsome. The stamp of race, mind and character were impressed upon his jierson and face. From boyhood his manners were gentle, kind and manly. As a son and brother, we can scarcely speak .of him in terras sufficiently measured. His mother gave her testimony when, upon the reception of the news of his death, she exclaimed, " He was mv idol ! " Recurring in her calmer moments to his life, she said : — " He was always obedient. I do not remember an instance of disobedience. He was never an anxiety, but ever a comfort, assisting me by his good example in bringing up his younger brothers." Such we sincerely believe to be a truthful and unexaggerated sketch of Captain Greenlee Davidson. His body now lies in the Lexington Cemetery, with Jackson, Paxton, Pendleton, and other heroes sacrificed in our cause. On each recurring tenth of 364 THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. ^^^^^^ May a loving patriotism strews flowers upon their graves, bedewed with the tears of a grateful people. GEORGE WASHINGTON STUART. Private, Rockbridge Artillery. The tide of time is swiftly bearing us further from the days of war. AYe see around us now men and woman who, as children, felt with us then, and were thrilled with keenest sympathy and interest in the common cause, but who did not, like us, give to the struggle every energy of heart and brain and hand, hang upon it with trembling hope, and survive it to find that hope disappointed. Already decay's effacing finger has sullied the whiteness of the monumental marbles Avhich Ave raised over our dead, and our lov- ing hands cannot as they would, arrest its work. Let us rather strive to engrave those noble names where they should forever endure — on the hearts of their countrymen. George Washington Stuart was born at Chantilly, Fair- fax county, Virginia, in 1838. His father, Charles Calvert Stu- art, was son of Dr. David Stuart, of Ossian Hall, who married the widow of John Parke Custis, General Washington's step-son. The name of Chantilly is now the property of history, but long ere the battles of 1 862 had made it famous, it was a familiar sound to Virginia ears, as associated with Washington Stuart's mater- nal ancestors, the Lees. The passing traveller was surprised and delighted by the beauty of its extensive lawn and shrubberies, and its hospitable walls had for many years echoed with the sounds of gaiety and cheerfulness. It was a much-loved and happy home; but alas ! of its loveliness little is left. The desolating breath of fire and sword has swept over it, and not even the tall trees or leafy bowers remain. In this beautiful home, Washington Stu- art spent the years of his early youth, and there besides the lessons many which can only be learned from a gentle and pious mother, he doubtless imbibed that deep devotion to home and country which nerved his heart for so much suflPering, and even death in their defence. In 1851, he first left home for Mr. Caleb Hallowell's school in I8(j3.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 365 Alexandria, where he spent two years. From there lie went in 1853 to Ridgeway Academy, Albemarle, then tanght by Mr. Franklin Minor, where ho remained fonr years. As a school-boy he was a diligent student and much beloved pupil. Tiie rare unselfishness and generosity which distinguished him in after-life, were conspicuous even then. He loved to spend his pocket-money on others, never on himself. Here too he showed his capacity for warm and devoted friendship, and some of the friendships then formed lasted throuo-h his life. Two of his schoolmates at Rid^e- way Academy, Messrs. Robert Love and William Radford, were afterwards his fellow-students and friends at the Univarsity. They fell before him, and he deeply mourned their loss. In 1857 he went to the University, and there spent two years, graduating in several schools. The law had. always been his chosen profes- sion, but a student's life seemed so unfavorable to his liealth, which was naturally delicate, that he was obliged to abandon it. In November, 1859, he went to Baltimore, expecting to enter into business, but was attacked by a long and dangerous illness, which prostrated him for several months, and from which his constitution never fully rallied. He then determined upon settling in Texas, and in October, 1860, left Virginia for that State. He travelled over a great deal of the country, was delighted with it, and early in the spring of 1861, his brother-in-law and he purchased a cattle ranche on the La Bala river, forty miles from San Antonio. His letters were full of the deepest interest in events occurring at home ; they did not mention that his right arm was in such a disabled and suffering condition that the surgeon at San Antonio remarked, on seeing it at this time, that a little longer neglect would have necessitated its amputation. He was on this account unable to leave Texas in May with his brother-in-taw. His only solace was his daily ride of many miles to the post-office. But when he heard that the Yankees were actually fighting on Vir- ginia soil, his restless eagerness to do his part in its defence could no longer be restrained. Leaving everything, he started for home overland, his trusty rifle his only companion. His journey across Texas and Louisiana was toilsome and painful in the extreme, especially to one who was then sick and suffering. At night he lay down, often in the solitary marsh or swamp, witii his saddle for his pillow ; but when he reached home, in September, all his hardships were forgotten in the hope of entering the army and i66 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL.^ [May, fighting for his country. This, Iiowever, was then absolutely im- possible ; every surgeon who examined his arm prescribed for him rest and generous diet, and pronounced his- joining the army entirely impracticable. He wrote about this time, that " no one could tell how bitterly he felt his inability to strike one blow." He often said how hard it was that he, a young unmarried man, could not go in the army and let some married man stay at home with his family. He was always anxious to spare others ; he never spared himself in the path of duty. The opinion of the most distinguished surgeons whom he consulted was, that if lie waited for two years, using every means to build up his health, nature might do all for his arm, but that a very painful operation would enable him probably to use it. He replied to Dr. Peadey, who represented to him the expediency of waiting and the painful nature of the operation, " I don't care what I suffer, if I can go into the army.*' The operation was accordingly performed suc- cessfully, a piece of bone was removed, and the arm left to heal • but he could not take chloroform, and his suffering was intense. The surgeons all remarked upon his great patience and fortitude. In two months from that time, having with difficulty obtained the doctor's consent, he joined the army then stationed at Orange Court-House, and went with it to the Peninsula. But his choice was to be with Jackson, and he joined the Pockbridge Artillery, in his command, at the time of the battle of McDowell. Jackson then advanced down the Valley, and on the 25th of May fought the battle of Winchester, where Washington Stuart was se- verely, -almost mortally wounded in the face. When he recovered from the first shock of his wound, he wrote his name on a piece of paper, being entirely unable to articulate, and in that way his condition became known to his relative, Mrs. Robert Baldwin, to whose house he was removed from the hospital, and by whom and by Dr. Baldwin he was most kindly cared for. His wound was considered very dangerous for some time. His cheek and mouth were so lacerated that he could not speak, and could scarcely swallow, and the doctors feared lockjaw. In a week or two his sister was able to reach him, and soon after her arrival said to him, " Dear W., you have suffered so much ; I wish I could bear some of it for you." He smiled, and managed to articulate, "Not too much : I would gladly do more for Virginia." Yet he was naturally as averse to war and bloodshed as any one could be, and jg„3^ THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. 367 always shrank from even hearing others speak bitterly of our enemies. While at Dr. Baldwin's, the Yankees came to parole him, and insisted on removing the bandages from his face. He bore it better than any one else aronnd him, and cheeked the naturally bitter expressions of his friends. From "Winchester he was removed to Middleburg (where his family were then living) in four or five weeks, and his wound healed so completely that he was scarcely at all disfigured by it. It was after the battle of *^ "Winchester that the prayers which were unceasingly made for him seemed first to be answered, and his heart most gratefully inclined to receive the truth as it is in Jesus. His religion was not an impulse called forth by circumstances, but a deliberate turning of his heart and mind to Him wdio is the "Way, the Truth, the Life. Scarcely any one knew how anxiously his mind dwelt on and weighed religious things, and in the Providence of God yet another oppor- tunity of quiet reflection was given him. While on a visit to relations in King George county, in the fall of '62, he was taken ill with typhoid fever, and obliged to remain there until the first part of January, 1863. By that time he had been exchanged, and having crossed the Rappahannock with difficulty on account of the enemy's pickets, he joined his family at Ashland, spent two days with them, and then went to his battery stationed at Hamil- ton's Crossing, near Fredericksburg. From this point the Rock- bridge Battery only moved to take part in the battles of tlie 1st, 2d and 3d, of May. On the morning of Sunday, the 3d, just as his gun was going into action, Washixgtox Stuart fell, struck by three balls, either of which would have inflicted a mortal wound. That evening his faithful friends laid him to rest in the family burying-ground of the Hamiltons and Maryes, a green shady spot amid the bareness of the camps. A, soldier's death, a soldier's grave were his, and beyond them, a Christian's reward, Death was swallowed up in victory ! One of his nearest and most intimate friends thus writes of him : — " He had always been so confident of our success, and had expressed such ardent hopes that we should go through the fight safely, and enjoy the great success Avhich he was so confident we would achieve. Yet I firmly believe that none of the many martyrs who have been sacrificed in our cause, would more cheer- fully liave chosen death, if by so doing we could advance one step towards the ultimate deliverance and freedom of our country. In 368 THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. ^^ay, a conversation which I had with him not long after his return to the company, I asked him why he did not apply for and obtain (as I knew he could) some appointment to serve the country in a capacity better suited to his education and habits of life. He told me that he thought it had a decidedly bad effect on the lower classes, who constitute the bone and sinew of the army — the pri- vate soldiers — for all the educated unmarried young men to be leaving the ranks to gain more profitable positions from which the private soldiers were entirely excluded, on account of tlicir lack of influence; and that for the present at least he should remain in the ranks. Pie acted up to his principles nobly, and was a most exemplary soldier. Of his attendance to religious duties, I am rejoiced to be able to give so pleasing an account. I was fre- quently with him, both at prayer-meetings and Cimrch, and his earnest, attentive demeanor was most pleasing to me. It comes forcibly back to my memory now, how glad I was to see him, shortly after his return to the company, after spreading down his blanket, kneel to pray to God before retiring to rest. It seemed to me at the time an open confession of Christ, for it was neces- sarily done openly before the eyes of several of our friends resting near us." The week before his death he had expressed his earnest desire to make a public profession of his faith, and declared his inten- tion of doing so on the first opportunity that offered. From a letter of General Lee to his sister, dated " Camp Fredericksburg, May 11th," we extract the following: — " I grieve greatly on my own account. I am deprived of one whom I loved and admired, and whose presence always brought me pleasure. His gentleness, his manliness, his goodness won the affection of all, and all sorrow at his death. But think what he has gained, what peace he enjoys ; what suffering, toil and hardship he may have been spared. God, in his mercy, be assured, has taken him at the right time and right place for him. May He give to his mother and his friends that strength and that support they require ! On learning the sad news, I went to Mrs. JNIarye's, the evening I returned from Chancellorsville, where I knew that he had been properly appreciated and kindly received, and learned that he was interred in their family cemetery, where I thought he had better rest. Mrs. P. told me everything had been done that could be, and that she had written to your mother. Peace to his isrsj THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 369 remains and honor to his memory, and may God comfort and sup- port us all ! " " lie needs no tears who lived a noble life ; We will not weep for him who died so well, But we will gather round the hearth, and tell The story of his strife. Such honiasje suits him well, — Belter tlum funeral pomi) and passing bell." FRENCH STROTHER BIBB, 4th Lieutenant, CharlottesviUe AvtiUery. French Bibb, son of Harriet Pendleton and John Henry Bibb, was born in Charlottesville, Va,, August 7th, 1843. He was a fair-haired boy, with blue eyes and clear complexion, trim but rather slight stature, and quiet, thoughtful, though cheerful countenance. Under the efficient training of an intelligent and pious mother, he became at an early age the subject of deep religious impressions, and at thirteen he brought the fresh offering of his heart's love to the altar of the blessed Jesus. So childlike was he, when coming thus to ask a place among Christians, that the ministers who were to conduct his examination, doubted the expediency of such a step. The result was an unusually rigid inquiry as to his views of Christianity, followed by a hearty wel- come to the duties and privileges of a Church member. During the subsequent years of his short life, the wisdom of this course was made evident by his devotion to the cause which he had espoused. In the Sunday school, in the prayer- meeting, as well as at the regular services of the sanctuary on the Lord's Day, his r place was regularly filled, while in the social circle his influence was decided. In October, 18G0, he became a student at Richmond College. Here he was under the especial care of his brother-in-law. Prof. Wm. P. Louthan, M. A., who had been recently elected to the chair of Gi-eek in tliat Institution. But the health of the latter failing, and he retiring to his home to die, French also left the College after a few months. At the opening of the following session he entered the University, and devoted himself to the study 24 370 THE UjS^IVEESITY memofjal. [May, of Languages and Mathematics. In the latter he took great delight and gave promise of becoming a proficient, receiving at the intermediate examination^ a distinction in the intermediate class. In March, 1862, Captain J. McDowell Carrington undertook to raise an artillery company in Charlottesville, and among the first and most efficient to render aid was Fkench Bibb. After the company liad been regularly organized and officered, it Avas ordered into I)arracks at the University, Avhereits numbers were so increased that the Secretary of War directed it to be converted into a six-gun battery. Tliis entitled it to a 4th Lieutenant, upon whom devolved the responsible duty of " Chief of Caisson." The first day of ]May was fixed Ujir>u e oftvoman." Impelled by the same spirit, they had espoused the same cause ; but, entering differ- ent branches of the service, they had never met during the progress of the war. Was it mere accident that Willie Abell, now passing by, recognized his cherished friend ? Was it a simple providence of God that these two should meet after so much of danger and toil, to mingle their grief in this sad hour ? Or, was it the magnetism of love, little known, yet known a little, on earth, but reigning ^ supreme in Heaven, whose influence over hearts that have felt it before, is quickened as they near the threshold of purely spiritual life? One of these lovely young men had already fought his last iight ; the red tide was flowing from his death-wound. The other, too, after a few days more of severe marching and hard fighting, was to find rest forever. Their interview was brief, but while they communed together, the brave men that stood near felt their hearts moved, and eyes that flashed fire into those of their enemies were bedimmed with tears. The next day Lieutenant Bibb was removed to Richmond. By his side in the ambulance which carried him to the railroad station, was a friend, a sergeant of his company, but an educated Christian gentleman, who had been terribly mangled by the bursting of a shell, which for a time entirely destroyed his sight. Forgetful of his own sufferings, he put his arms around the sol- dier, to steady him and thus relieve him as much as possible from the torture of the rough way. At Richmond, he was reported for the ofiicers' hospital, to which he asked that his friends also might be sent. The request was peremptorily refused, on the ground that it would be contrary to "orders," whereupon Lieu-, tenant Bibb declared his determination not to go to the hospital designated. But some one in authority, who had more sympathy with suffering than respect for red tape, learning the facts, ordered the violation of the rule, and officer and private were laid side by side, and Chapman, the faithful servant of the former, attended both alike. On the 28th of May, death put a period to his sufferings. A friend at whose side he had fallen, and who helped to bear him from the field, wrote to his father, testifying to his soldierly qualities 1863.] THE UNIVEESITY MEMOKIAL. 373 aud to the grief of the company at his loss. His company, in formal meeting, gave expression to their feeling at the death of one, who — to use their own words — "distinguished for the mild firmness of his bearing, the courtesy of all his intercourse, his atten- tiveness to every duty, his conspicuous gallantry in action, had secured, to a rare extent for one so young, the admiration, the esteem, the love of the whole company." The Sunday School in which he had been both pupil and teacher, added its tribute to his memory, and thanked God that " there was so much to mitigate the bitterness of the sorrow in the hope of reunion in heaven." And when the body was carried home to be buried, and the solemn toll of the Church bell, whose gladder tones he had loved so well in life, summoned his friends to the funeral ceremonies, " every place of business in the town was closed," and the w^hole com- munity united in giving honor to their young townsman, who, dying in his country's service, was no less a true soldier of the cross. Tiie funeral services were conducted by his pastor, Rev. AVm. F. Broaddus, D. D. On his coffin were laid the following lines, written by a lady friend, for the burial hour : — Strew flowers ou his coffln'd breast, His noble heart is now at rest ; The j'oung, tlie beautiful, tiie brave, We will not mourn his early grave. Faithfully his duty done, On earth a noble name he won ; But, nobler far tlian earthly" fome, He bore his Saviour's holy name. His early days to God were given, His record in the Books of Heaven, Then let him rest, till that glad sound Which calls the nations from the ground Full on iiis raptured ear is pour'd, " Come forth, ye blessed of the Lord." AYILLIAM KENNETH McCOY, Sergeant in the Charlottesville Artillery. The soldier referred to in the sketch just finished, who M'as sup- ported in the arms of Lieutenant Bibb as the two wounded men were removed from the field to the station on tlie Richmond and Fredericksburg Railroad, and who had in that young officer so 374 THE rNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. ^y^^y^ staunch a friend when they reached the Confederate capital, was William Kexxeth McCoy. He was born January 31st, 1843, at Brookland, his father's residence in Fauquier county, Virginia. Here, ahiiost in sight of the Warrenton Wliite Sulphur Springs, the first nine years of his life were spent. Those who knew him then will not forget the appearance of the flaxen-haired, oval-faced boy, with the large, rich gray eyes, always full of life and merriment; nor will those Avho knew him in after-life fail to recall the fine manly form, or the classic features of that bright face which was the true index of the Avakeful mind and the noble soul within. In 1852 his father, Mr. William McCoy, removed to the Uni- versity of Virginia, where Kexxy remained under home instruc- tion until 1857; when shortly after the death of the former, the latter was placed under the tuition of an elder brother, then residing in Raleigh, N. C. After a year's residence in Raleigh, he entered Hampden Sidney College, and had already sitent two sessions there in preparation for a course at the University, when the commence- ment of hostilities, in the spring of 1861, decided him to return home and enter the service of his State. From carrying out this latter purpose he was, however, prevented for a time, by the remon- strances of his friends and the entreaties of his family, who rightly judging that he was as yet too young, and vainly hoping that his desire to join the army would give way to his zeal for study, induced him, after much persuasion, to matriculate at the Uni- versity. But, under the settled conviction that his place was with the troops, Kenneth had no heart for books, and ere long his name was enrolled for the company of artillery which Captain James McDowell Carrington was raising in Charlottesville. He was made a sergeant in the company, and took the field with it in May, 18G2. The history of the Charlottesville Artillery, until we find it on the field of Chancellorsville, has already been briefly recited. Soon after the battles around Richmond, Sergeant McCoy was run over by a caisson and so crippled that he was unable to walk; he did not recover from his injuries until after the battle of Sharps- burg had been fought. With the exception of the time thus indi- cated, he was constantly with his company until the 3d of May, 1863, and served, as his comrades afterwards testified, "as one ISO).] THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 375 undaunted in dangers, cheerful under hardships, always active in the discharge of duty." On that fatal day the combined fire of artillery and musketry had told fearfully upon his battery, even until there -svere not men enough to serve the guns. Sergeant McCoy had charge of a piece; but in this extremity he undertook the additional duty of filling a fallen comrade's place, and, for some time, he not only directed the shots, but supplied the gun with ammunition. From .some unknown cause, a shell, which he was in the act of preparing for instant use, exploded in his hands. It seems almost a miracle that he was not instantly torn to pieces. He was, however, dread- fully wounded ; his hands were terribly lacerated, and several fingers broken ; one fragment of shell passing through the under part of one arm, carried away the flesh to the bone ; another struck the knee. His face Avas badly burned, and at first it was believed his eyes had been destroyed. Moreover, his clothing took fire, and before this could be extinguished, he received several severe burns about the body. Utterly helpless, lie was borne to the rear and tlicnce to Rich- mond, where, on the Saturday following, his brother. Rev. H. P. R. McCoy, then chaplain at the post of Charlottesville, found him at the Officers' Hospital. After a cheerful greeting and inquiries al)out home, he remarked : — " I am so glad, Charlie," (another brother, then serving in the AVest), " was not in that battle. It was an awful fight." The next morning he was removed to the residence of Mrs. John B. Martin, and comfortably fixed in her parlor, where that lady and her family assisted in tenderly nursing him, and the late Dr. James Bolton, whose skilful, but unavailing services are grateful remembered by his friends, became his regular physician. On the eighth day after he was Avounded, he opened Iiis eyes partially, and exclaimed gratefully, " Oh, I see light ! " But the next day an alarming hemorrhage from the wound in the arm occurred, and his mother and sister were telegraphed i'or. They ari-ived on the 12th, and, after they had been with him a short time, he asked his mother to pass between him and the window, that he might see her more distinctly. Then, begging her to retire and seek rest, he added, " Don't forget to pray for me, mother, liofore you go to sleep'. Pray that I may be a more thorough Christian." 376 THE UKIVEKSITY MEMORIAL. [May, His case bad, from the beginning, been considered critical, but not hopeless. Yet, though uniformly patient and cheerful, and always expressing his gratitude for any little attention, at no time did he express a wish to recover. The child of praying parents, he had been thoroughly instructed as to the Avay of salvation. Just a month before he was wounded, he had written to his mother, expressing the hope that her prayers on his behalf had been answered, and declaring his purpose to live henceforth as a Christian. Now his feeling seemed always to be that he had done only his duty ; no regrets for the past were entertained ; the chief concern Avas, that this ajffiction might he sanctified unto him. On Tuesday, May 19th, the apprehensions of his friends Avere increased, and that afternoon, with his head resting on his brother's arm, he quietly breathed his last. His early grave and simple monument are in the family lot in the University Cemetery. How much his comrades in arms loved him living, how they mourn him now that he is dead, let the following letter testify : — " Camp near Guinea's Station, Va., ) June od, 1863. j " Mrs. McCoy will not, we trust, consider it an intrusion upon the sfcre i privacy of parental grief,for us, the messmates of her lamented son, IvEXNETH, to unite our voices in bearing testimony to his worth, and to mingle our tears of heartfelt sympathy and sorrow over his honored but too early grave. The relations into which we were thrown, and the ties of community of interest, community of senti- ment and feeling, community of action and of suffering by which we were bound to him, we believe to have been second in intimacy and affection only to those of home itself. Cut off from relatives and friends, and dependent upon each other for society and sympathy, while we shared daily the same fare and occupied nightly the same shelter, our mess had grown into a family circle. What, at the outset, had been acquaintanceship, blossomed into friendship and ripened into mature affection. In him our hitherto unbroken circle has lost its first link, and we feel as though a brother had been struck down from our midst. As we look back upon the past, we can scarcely realize the fact that he who was, to so large an extent, the light and life of our band, has passed away from arth — that we shall never see again the gonial smile of his bright, face, or hear the animated tones of his cheerful voice. 1SC3.] THE UNIYEESITY MEMOETAL. 377 "In our constant and unreserved intercourse with liira during the closing year of his life, amid scenes which 'try men's souls' and develop defects unnoticed in the occasional intercourse of peace- ful times, we can remember no instance in word or deed which could detract in the smallest degree from the character of the high-toned gentleman. The more we knew him the more we loved him ; we loved him for his kind and obliging disposition, his warm and affectionate heart, the vivacity and buoyancy of his s[)irits, and the frankness, generosity, unaffected simplicity and real nobility of his nature " Several of our number are professed followers of the meek and lowly Jesus, and in our wanderings we had endeavored to set up a family altar. In this none took a more lively interest than Kenneth. For some time before his fatal wounds were received, he seemed to take a deeper interest in all religious exercises than ever before, and on several occasions he expressed the intention of joining the Church the first opportunity that presented itself. . . . " It is impossible to reflect without keen regret upon the untimely blighting of so many budding hopes, the cruel dis- appointment of so noble a promise. But we find comfort in the assurance that he could have fallen in no nobler cause, and that the messenger of death found him at the post of duty — joy in the hope that our loss is his gain. And, while we still could wish it had been otherwise, we would strive to bow in humble, trusting submission to the will of Him Avho ' doeth all things well.' "With great respect and heartfelt sympathy, "W F. Davis, R. A. Lewis, Je., A. B. RoLER, F. M. SwoPE, P. T. Wash, Albert L. Holladay, D. Hanson IBoyden, A. L. Marshall." WILLIAM B. HUTTON, 3d Lieutenant, Company A, 5tli Alabama BattaUon. William Bryan Hutton was born in Green county, Alabama, on the loth of Februaiy, 1841. He was tlie fifth child of Dr. A. D. and Mrs. E. II. Hutton, both of whom were natives of 378 THE UKIVEKt;iTY MEMOEIAL. [May, South Carolina, but residents of Alabama since their early youth. Dr. Hutton was nearly related to that eminent statesman, John C. Calhoun, and fully endorsed his political views. He had there- fore taught his son from his youth to regard with great jealousy his personal rights and those of his State. Thus, though hardly more than a boy, and at the time a student at the University, as soon as his State seceded from the Union and called her sous to her support, William Hutton at once left college and returned home to enter the tented field. He was to a remarkable degree retiring and sedate in manner, but always exhibited the most delicate respect for the feelings and rights of others. Strictly exemplary in his habits, he was also energetic and apt in his studies, always maintaining a position respectable, if not the very first, in his classes, and not infrequently receiving from his teachers premiums for merit and expressions of commendation for proficiency. Tiiis was especially true during his stay with Professor Thomas S. Garthright, Principal of the Summerville Institute, Gholson, Miss., from whom more than from any other he received the preparation necessary to enter college. In October, 1857, he matriculated at the Universitj^ of Vir- ginia, taking the Schools of Ancient Languages and Mathematics. He was then in his seventeenth year, but the reports given of his habits and standing were satisfactory to those most anxious for his best interests. The next year he modified his ticket by substituting Modern Languages and History and Literature for Mathematics. At the end of this term he received distinctions in Latin and French, and certificates of proficiency in English Literature and in Anglo-Saxon. A third session he devoted himself chiefly to the study of languages, and at its close he received diplomas in Latin and Spanish. He had the highest admiration for the char- acter of Dr. Gessner Harrison, who, during his first two years at the University, was Professor of Latin ; and through his influence he had determined to complete his study of Ancient Languages by a coui'se in Germany. But, during his fourth session, Alabama withdrew from the Federal Union, and he returned home and at once joined the "North Sumpter Rifles," in Avhicli lie was ap- pointed Corporal. A few days after, his company Avas ordered to Lyncliburg, and he retraced his steps to Virginia along with his comrades. In jtc3.] THE IJIS'IVEKSITY MEMOKIAL. 379 June, " The Rifles " were regularly mustered into service, with A. S. Van de Graff as their Captain, and not long after, were ordered to Sterrett's Battery, at Manassas. Here the company remained until after the battle of July 21st, when it Avas stationed at Cock Pit Point. Subsequently it was organized w'ith four other companies from Alabama into the 5tli Alabama Battalion, and placed under the command of Captain F. AV. Frobel. In the latter part of the winter of 1861-62 the battalion was ordered to Fredericksburg, where it was turned over to Lieutenant- Colonel H. H. Walker, and atttached to Field's Brigade of Vir- ginians. But very soon afterwards Captain Van de Graff was promoted to a INIajority and put in command of the battalion) wiiich was at the same time assigned to Archer's ^Vlabama Brigade. The part which this brigade took in the M'ar is now matter of historv, and not discreditable to the State from which it came. With this command the North Sumpter Rifles participated in the Seven Days' battle before Richmond. It entered that struggle with seventy rank and file, and lost of this number twenty-one killed and twenty-two wounded. Among those who faithfully did their duty was William Hutton, who by this time had risen to be Sergeant in his company. In A. P. Hill's Hivision the brigade served through the memorable campaign including the battles of Second JNIanassas, Boonsboro', Sharpsburg, and Fredericksburg. And in every engagement William took part with his battalion, except in that of Cedar Run. In a letter M'ritten a short time before his death he stated that he had been in thirteen battles. And in these he was not only present, but so conspicuous as a soldier and so faith- ful as a subordinate officer, that in the latter part of 1862 he was advanced by his comrades to the office of 3d Lieutenant. It was in the battle of Chancellorsville that Lieutenant Hutton met his death. In the charge of Hill's Division, made under the direction of General Stuart, about sunrise on Sunday morning. May 3d, 1863, he was mortally wounded in the breast and fell to the earth. As he lay there while the battle raged, he was shot again, this time in the right arm. About the middle of the afternoon, just as he arrived at the division hospital, and before he was taken lioin the ambulance, he expired. That night his comrades buried him as decently as was possible for them, and marked his grave. ;80 THE U.NIVEES1TY MEMOKIAL. [May, His body was afterwards removed to the cemetery at Spottsyl- vania Court-House. And there it now rests, marked by a modest stone erected by his only surviving sister, Mrs. Dr. D. H. Wil- liams. Lieutenant Huttox held a high jiosition in the confidence and affections of his company, and shortly after the battle of Chancel- lorsville they held a meeting and drew up appropriate resolutions? from which we make the following extract : "Resolved, That by the death of Lieutenant "Wm. B. Huttox this company feel that they have lost the services of a brave and gallant officer. As a comrade he was quiet, unobtrusive, and kind ; fighting for a great and noble principle, he has fallen a martyr to the cause, which has thus lost a shining ornament. As an officer he was courageous, cool, and determined, never fliuch- ing from the hardest labor or the most sanguinary combat. In him were centered many praiseworthy attributes. Possessing a cultivated mind, a generous disposition, perfect coolness and self- possession in the hour of danger, a knowledge of military matters rarely surpassed by one so young and self-taught, he had also a gentlemanly bearing and an urbanity of manners that made him a favorite with all his comrades." Letters, too, were written from camp to his friends in Gaines- ville, and they breathed the spirit of genuine sorrow and sym- pathy. One of these said : — " He bore his sufferings with forti- tude, and calmly and patiently awaited death as one conscious of having performed his duty He was one of my best friends, in whom I confided freely ; in fact, he was beloved and respected by all who knew him, for his noble qualities as a gentle- man and a soldier. His loss, not only to our company, but to the whole battalion, is irreparable. . "He had the ardor and enthusiasm of youth united with the judgment and decision of one far advanced in life, which induced his friends to look forward to the j^romotion his merits so justly deserved. But premature death has cut short his promising career; and while his comrades unite in tendering their sympatliy to his bereaved relatives, they too need the same in the loss of a true friend and gallant soldier." Another letter from " Camp Gregg " says : — " He talked very little after he was wounded, his only desire being to rest. He passed away calmly and peacefully, without 1SC3.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 3S1 pain, and after death, looked like a man sleeping and resting so calmly. "It is not necessary for us to tell you how Ave regarded him. For the last two yeacs he has been so closely identified with us in thought, in feeling, and in action, that we regarded him as an essential part of our organization. As a Corporal, he was punc- tual and faithful; as a Sergeant, we knew every duty would be attended to under his command. In the long and arduous and hazardous campaign of last summer and fall, he performed for some time the duties of 1st Sergeant — an onerous and responsible office at all times — with great fidelity and skill. " After the first battle of Fredericksburg, he was unanimously elected Junior 2d Lieutenant of our company. His conduct in every particular since has justified the correctness of our choice. He was a skilful drill-master, and took pride in it. His dis- ciplined mind had become imbued with a love of the science, and he promised to become a thorough tactician. He was often con- sulted by his superiors in rank, when on the field, as to the proper execution of a movement, and he was regarded by all as being in the line of promotion." Dr. JOHN H. COWIN, Orderly Sergeant, Company D, 5th Alabama Infantry. " I am sinking very fast, I think. If I die, tell my father that I fell near the colors and in the discharge of my duty." JoHX H. Cowix, eldest son of Colonel Samuel and Mrs. Martha A. Cowin, was a native of Greensboro', Green county, Alabama. He was born. April 28th, 1839. After the usual preparatory training, he entered the University of his native State, at Tus- caloosa, and ])ursued tiie regular academic course at that insti- tution. In the fall of 1858, he became a student of Medicine at the University of Virginia ; at the close of the soHsiun here, he repaired to the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, where he was graduated Doctor of Medicine in 1860. During the summer of that year he commenced the practice of his profession near his native place, and continued it with flattering 382 THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. [j,.^y, success until the spring of 1861. In April of that year, a com- pany of twelve-months' volunteers — " The Greensboro' Guards" — was raised, and Dr. Co WIN enlisted in it as a private. " The Guards" became Company D in the original.. organization of the 5th Alabama Infantry, whose first Colonel was Robert E. Rodes, afterwards 'Major-General in the Confederate army. When the term of enlistment had expired, he exhibited the same enthusiasm which had characterized him at the beginning of the Mar, and pi'omptly enrolled himself again, hut, this time, for the war. In the capacity of a common soldier. Dr. Cowix served with the 5th Alabama for more than two years, and participated in all the battles in -which that regiment was engaged, except that of Malvern Hill and those of the first Maryland campaign, from which he was detained by sickness; and from the time when he met the skirmishers of McDowell's advance in July, 1861, until he yielded up his life in May, 1863, he bore a name for gallantry and efficiency which many might envy, none despise. In the battle of Chancellorsville — on the last day — he fell in a redoubt which the 5th and 26th Alabama had carried by storm. As he lay Avithin the earthworks, the blood gushing from the femoral artery which had been severed by a ball, he said to a comrade standing by him, "I am sinking very fast, I think. If I die, tell my father that I fell near the colors and in the discharge of my duty.'' In an hour or two he expired, literally bleeding to death, while his friends were bearing him from the field. When, a few days afterwards, Company D, which was then the color-company of the regiment, was called upon to select one from its roll who should receive the badge of honor for gallantry in the late battles, the award was unanimously voted to John H. CowiN. The record thus given is a modest one. It is that of a man who came forward promptly to defend his country ; who, under the impulses of a genuine patriotism, continued steadfastly in her service; who, discharging with fidelity and efficiency the duties of a position which his countrymen are only now beginning to hold in proper esteem, rose through the successive subordinate grades to the unpretending but responsible office of Orderly Sergeant in his company ; it is that of a soldier who, after passing over many a hard-fought field, rejoiced in the hour of death — which was the hour of victory as well — that lie fell near the standard of his country and in the discharge of his duty. ^ ,.^- ^g,,g^ THE UNIVEESITY MEMOKIAL. OOO It was not from lack of qualification for a higher position that Dr. Cowix had served thus humbly. On several occasions he was invited to come before the Examining Board of Surgeons at Richmond, but he uniformly declined, his views of duty con- spiring with his inclination and deciding him to remain with the company, wliich was composed of his early personal friends. In this "home-circle" he continued to the end, doing battle for his country as a chivalrous, high-toned soldier, serving the com- "panions of his childhood, as occasion permitted, by his professional skill, and not infrequently performing the duties of Assistant Surgeon of the regiment. There is something inspiring in this heroic devotion to country ; something touching in this unselfish attachment to friends; something refreshing in tiiis anomalous indifference to office, the mania for which Avas both endemic and epidemic. JOSEPH W. ANDERSON, B. L., Major, and Chief of Artillery, Stevenson's Division. Major Joseph Washington Andeeson was born at Fincastle, Botetourt county, Virginia, December 19th, 1836. His father, Colonel John T. Anderson, who survives him, is extensively known as a lawyer, and many times member of the A'^irginia Legisla- ture; and both he and his excellent wife — the mother of Major Anderson — are universally esteemed for their social virtues, generous hospitality, and exalted Christian character. The family home, "Mount Joy," near Buchanan, was one of the loveliest spots in the Valley of Virginia, until, in June, 1864, the build- ings, with their contents, were given to the flames by the vandal General Hunter; and yet their blackened walls, though an ever- present monument to the uncertainties and cruelties ot war, bring but a passing sadness when compared with the utter and irremediable desolation caused to those doting parents by the untimely death of their noble son — the only child. of his father. Joseph early discovered a fondness for reading j'lid study. When not yet ten years old, he was sent to the Botetourt Seminary, then under the charge of a graduate of the Virginia Military Insti- 384 THE UKIVEESITY MEMOETAL. f^,„j.^ tute, and made rapid progress in his studies. Here it was that he acquired some knowledge of tactics, and here was laid the founda- tion of his after-developed fondness for military pursuits, enabling him, when the time of trial came, not only to acquire "the drill " with remarkable ease and accuracy, but also to submit himself, Avithout question or complaint, to the rigor of discipline and the hardships of camp-life. As a youth, he was sincere, generous, just, and brave, and was always a favorite with his teachers and fellow-students. After spending four or five years at this Semi- nary, he was prepared for the University at the classical school of "SVm. R. Gait, Esq., near Buchanan. Mr. Gait, himself a distin- guished graduate of the University, entertained a high opinion of his intellectual and moral qualities, and was wont to ])re(lict the high stand which his pupil afterwards took at college, and in the active pursuits of life. In the fall of 1855 he entered the Uni- versity, where he fully sustained his reputation as a young man of talent, of extraordinary industry and ai)plicati()n, and of exemplary moral character ; whilst his generous qualities and his gentle yet manly bearing attached to him not a few admirers and friends. Delicate from his childhood, at the close of his second session be was so prostrated by a severe spell of sickness as to feel comj)elled, though reluctantly and only ])y the command of his physicians, to sjjcnd a year in recreation instead of j)ursuing his studies. AYith health and spirits restored and invigorated, he returned to the University in October, 1858, and again won golden opinions from all with whom he came in contact. He took an extensive course that session, and accomplished as much as could Avell be, in like time, accomplished by any one — standing high in all his classes, and graduating in Political Economy and at the head of tlie Law Class. Concerning him, Prof. John B. Minor writes as follows, under date December 16, 1869: — "I fear it may be now too late for your purpose, but I cannot refrain from adding my mite to the general praise with which INIajor Joseph W. Anderson's memory deserves to be embalmed. He was for two sessions (1856-7 and 1858-9) a member of the School of Law, and, as I have often had occasion to say, left upon me an im[)rcssion so pleasing that I can hardly exaggerate it. Higli-prineipled, ami- able, modest, courteous, studious, and intellectual, an instructor could not have wished a happier aggregation of qualities, and they ISK.] THE IJTsTVEESTTY MEMOETAL. 385 all shone in hiiu with a mild lustre seldom surpassed. His under- standing was of that desirable character, compact and symmetrical, whicli, if not the most brilliant, yet in tlie world achieves the greatest results. Accompanied as it was in him by a steady ai-siduity of application, no object worthy of attainment was beyond the reach of his disciplined powers, and his manly integrity would have scorned to accomplish any, however longed after, by un- worthy arts. His acquaintance with the elements of the law^ was copious and accurate, giving assurance of speedy prominence. I had formed high hopes of him as likely to illustrate a noble pro- fession at once by his abilities, learning and virtue. With a mind and character so well proportioned, he bade fair to rank with that small and superior class of men, unostentatiously and unselfishly good and wise, over whom friends and country exult as amongst the most blessed gifts which Providence bestows upon a land. " I have known no youth, during my more than a score of years' experience with young men, whom I would more wish a boy of mine to resemble, and I never recur to his lamented and untimely death without finding my sympathies awakened afresh for his j)arents, realizing with renewed pain the bitter anguish of mourn- ing for such a son. Nor can I cease to grieve for Virginia, dis- crowned as she is, and bereaved of her noblest, when I consider the loss she has sustained in him. Of all the precious lives wasted in the war, not one affects me with more pain. . . . " This tril)ute is an imperfect one to the memory of the very uncommon young man to whom it relates. His virtues were so modest and unpretending that one must have had, as I did, many opportunities to observe their singular worth before they could be fully appreciated." The day after graduating. Major Anderson was married to Miss S. W. Morris, of Charlottesville, she being tlie youngest daughter of the late Dr. iVIorris, of Louisa county. After his marriage and return home, he engaged actively in the practice of law ; but his delicate health unfitting him for a seden- tary life, at the close of the first year he retired from the bar, and devoted himself with characteristic ardor and energy to agricul- tural i)ursuits. At the organization of " The Mountain Kifles " — a volunteer company enrolled at the time of the "John Jirown Kaid," but whose services were not then called into requisition — in Dccem- 25 386 THE L'KIVEE.SITY .MEMOEIAL. [^av, ber, 1859, he was elected 1st Lieutenant. The Captain, Wra. W. Boyd, being in bad health, the task of drilling the company fell, in great part, to Lieutenant Axdersox. The company officers and men were soon uniformed in what was afterwards known as " Confederate Gray," and its organization and meetings for drill were preserved and continued through the year 1860 and early part of 1861. AVith the history of this company — composed of men, his neighbors and friends, who loved him and delighted to do him honor, and to whom he was devotedly attached — Major Ander- son's future life is intimately connected, and the compiler of this memoir will hesitate not to blend the two together, feeling as he does that the one were imperfect without the other. The secession of Virginia and actual breaking out of the war found this company one of the first to tender its services, and in view of the certainty of active service, a reorganization was had. The Captain, Wm. W. Boyd, being somewhat advanced in years and in very feeble health, tendered his resignation, and Lieutenant Anderson was chosen Captain. The company, thus fully or- ganized, was officered as follows : — Captain, Joseph W. Ander- son; 1st Lieutenant, Philip Peters; Senior 2d Lieutenant, John W. Johnston; Junior 2d Lieutenant, Henry C. Douthat; and Orderly Sergeant, William H. Norgrove. In April, 1861, Lieu- tenant Johnston, with Lieutenant T. Henry Johnston, of the "Blue Pidge Rifles," was sent to Richmond for arms and orders to march, the two companies, in the meantime, going into camp at home. Early in May, orders were received, and by the middle of the month the two companies had reported at " Camp Davis," Lynchburg. Here they were assigned to the 28th Virginia Infantry, commanded by that noble old Roman, Colonel Robert T. Preston, of Montgomery. After a brief season, the regiment was ordered to Manassas, and, reporting there in the latter part of May, was assigned to Cocke's Brigade. Soon after this. Cap- tain Anderson was ordered M'ith his company on detached service in front of our small army, to obstruct the roads leading to Bull Run from Ccntreville and Fairfax Station, and performed this, as it was then considered, arduous and somewhat hazardous ser- vice with his usual zeal and alacrity, and in such a way as not only to win the approval of his superiors, but also to train and discipline his men to an extent exceedingly beneficial to them iu all after-service. jg,;3. THE UIS'IVEESITY MEMORIAL. 387 At the First Manassas he displayed great coohiess and gallantry, and endeared himself anew to the hearts of his men as one fitted to command in action no less than on parade. Long before the completion of the first year's service, at the time pending the reorganization of the army, nnder a General Order allowing commands volunteering " for the Avar" a leave of absence for thirty days. Captain Anderson and his company were among the first — and indeed the very first, as is confidently be- lieved — of the army then stationed on the lines at Centreville, who were relieved under the terms of the order referred to, in con- sideration of their prompt and patriotic action. "At this distance of time it is not easy to realize the degree of importance attached to this order; promulgated as it was at a critical time, when tiie novelty of the war had Morn off, when the enthusiasm of volun- teering had subsided, and when the public mind had not become familiarized with the idea of conscription. It was necessary to infuse new vigor into the army, to increase its numbers, and to engraft upon it the feature of permanence, while it was at the same time necessary to avoid harsh and unpopular measures. The order was a happy conception. But its success depended upon the devo- tion, ardor, and prompt action of those who for one year had borne all the hardships of the war. Example was everything. To hang back and delay until cold inaction should do its mischievous work was to hazard everything. We can therefore, even at this distance, look with admiration upon the disregard of self and selfish ends, that sacrifice of comfort and that soldierly ardor mani- fested by Captain Axdersox, than whom no one could have been more tempted by all the allurements of home. It was he and such as he who set the example afterwards so generally followed, and thus secured a permanent army composed of the best material in the South. About this time Captain Axdersox obtained, upon the .recommendation of his immediate superior officers and of General Joseph E. Johnston, commanding Army of Northern Virginia, an order from the War Department authorizing him to change his arm of the service from infantry to mounted artillery. Late in the fall of 18G1 the AVar Department directed the establislnnent of a camp of instruction for light batteries. This order designated Camp Lee, near Richmond, and Captain J. C. Shields — then commanding the First Richmond Howitzers, attached to General Evans's Brigade, near Leesburg — was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant- 388 THE risIVEERITY MEMORTAL. [May, Colonel of Artillery, and assigned to tlie command of this camp. The leave of absence to Captain A^DEEsdN and his company, though used by him for the purpose of recruiting his numbers and preparing for the coming campaign, was but a manifestation of the high appreciation the Department entertained of their prompt compliance with the measures which had been adopted to impart renewed vigor and efficiency to the army." Before leaving Centreville for home, December 24, 1861, a reorganization of the company Avas had, resulting in the unanimous re-elcciion of the old officers. "This excellent officer, supported by worthy and gallant lieu- tenants and one hundred and fifty men — a majority of whom had passed through the first year of the war in active service, the others having been recruited by Lieutenant Johnston early in 1862 — reported at Camp Lee in the latter part of January, 1862. The companies of artillery recruited in the fall of 1861 had for the most part been fitted out and sent to the front, so that when this young and favorite officer reported, the camp was comparatively unoccupied, except by a small garrison. Captain Akdeeson was the first to report his company under the order referred to, or of that other and very large augmentation of the artillery force which came in during the spring months, recruited by authority of the War Department, and amounting to some sixty field bat- teries that moved to the front from that camp of instruction. The officer in charge saw at a glance that in Captain ANDERSOiSr, his lieutenants and men, he could find the most trustworthy auxili- aries, not only in his effiarts for the speedy preparation of those im- mediately under instruction, but also of the numerous companies that he knew would be rapidly reporting. To that end and as far as practicable, Captain Anderson and his commissioned officers Avere immediately qualified as instructors ; and after performing more than the required hours of duty with their own company, they were assigned to the same work with other companies, and in General Orders Captain Anderson was announced as the officer in charge of that and of the general regulation of the camp." At this period of the war — spring, 1862 — the Department had not authorized in General Orders the organization of batteries in guns and equipments, as it subsequently did, taking as a basis the regulations compiled by a board of artillery officers of the United States Army, who completed their report about the time that hos- 18(13.] THE rXR'EESITY AIKMOKIAL. 389 tilities commenced. The EiclimonJ Howitzers and a few other batteries had obtained copies of this Book of Instruction before its distribution through the United States Army, and had entered the service tlioroug'hly informed of the advantages it gave in the new duties wo were commencing as a citizen soldiery. Special orders were issued, authorizing Captain Andeksox to draw a battery thus organized of six brass guns, with all necessary equipments. The battery being now entitled to four lieutenants — two first and two second — William P. Douthat was elected Junior Second, Lieutenants Johnston and H. C. Douthat going up one step each, " The Tredegar Works ha«l nearly completed their armament, and Captain Andersox, his officers and men, were in high spirits, anticipating early and brilliant service in reentering the field under such favorable auspices. The affairs of the Confederacy in East Tennessee about this time were not of an encouraging character. The Department issued an order directing a company in the most forward state of preparation at Camp Lee to move at once, regard- less of outfit, to that point, where an active campaign was to be waged with such material and resources as were at command there; and it fell to the lot of Anderson's Battery to go. AVhilst appreciating the compliment of being the advanced company, it was nevertheless, and very naturally, a day of sadness to all the command that their splendid battery and equipments, nearly ready for issue, were to be left behind, and never, perhaps, to be in their possession. With that high bearing and noble impulse which always characterized him. Captain Anderson received his orders and departed for his new field of service, carrying with him not only for himself, but for his officers and men, the unbounded attachment and esteem of all with whom they had come in con- tact." It is proper, just here, that acknowledgment should be made of the kind courtesy and valuable assistance extended to the present writer by Colonel J. C. Shields. Liberal use has been made above of material furnished by him. It may be remarked in passing, that the battery of iron guns given Captain ANDEitsoN upon his arrival at Knoxville was replaced at Chattanooga in December, 1862, by a battery of six. brass pieces from the Tredegar Works, liichmond. Soon after reporting to General E. Kirby Si'nith at Knoxville, early in April, THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. [M.'iy, 1862, Anderson's Battery was as-signed to Brigadier-General S. M. Barton's Brigade. Early in July. Captain Anderson was detached from his battery and ordered to duty as A. A. A. G. on the staif of General Barton, the duties of which position he con- tinued to discharge in the most efficient manner until the return from sick leave of Captain A. C. Thom, A. A. G. All through the campaign, spring and summer of 1862, whether as battery- commander or staff-officer. Captain Anderson discharged his appropriate duties with an aptness and devotion rarely equalled. At the battle of Tazewell, or Walrond's Ridge, August 6th, and during the investment of Cumberland Gap, August and Septem- ber, he was conspicuous for his gallantry and intelligent apprecia- tion of his own and others' duties. Cumberland Gap evacuated, he accompanied his battery, attached to Barton's Brigade, Steven- son's Division, through Kentucky to Frankfort, and back again, through Cumberland Gap, to Lenoir's Station. Thence he was ordered with his brigade and division to Murfreesboro', and from Murfreesboro', in December, 1862, to Yicksburg. All through the campaign in Kentucky and Middle Tennessee he Avas eager to be actively engaged with the foe, and now his ardent spirit was at last to be gratified. Arrived at Vicksburg in the very midst of tiie battle of Chickasaw Bayou, December 27-28, he hurried with his new battery, through the deep mud and intense darkness of the night, into position, and was soon and most gallantly engaged with General Sherman's troops. The enemy effectually repulsed, he went into camp at Vicksburg, and January 28th, 1863, he was announced in General Orders as Cliief of Artillery, Stevenson's Division, that most Avorthy and efficient officer, Lieu- tenant Philip Peters, taking command of his battery. Conceiving the idea of governing the artillery of the division as an entire and quasi-separate command, Captain Anderson encamped the several batteries — Waddell's Alabama, Claiborne's 3d Maryland, Corput's Georgia, and Anderson's Virginia — hard by each other, and at once instituted such a system of discipline and drill as largely increased tlie efficiency of the command, and gave him new reputation as a skilful and accomplished officer. At Vicksburg, as elsewhere, from his earliest entrance into the army, he made many friends, and came to be universally regarded as one of the most efficient and promising, and at the same time most popular officers in the army. isi;^.] THE UNIVEB!SITY MEMORIAL. 391 On tlie 18th of Marcli, 18G3, Junior 1st Lieutenant J. W.John- ston was announced in General Orders as Captain of Anderson's Battery, thenceforward known as " The Botetourt Artillery," Captain Anderson having been promoted to Major of Artillery, and Senior 1st Lieutenant Peters having declined promotion and retaining his original rank. Both Major Anderson and Captain Johnston took rank from tlie 23tii January, 1863. Orderly Nor- grove was, on the 17tii March, elected Junior 2d Lieutenant to fill the vacancy caused by the promotion, one step higher each, of Lieutenants H. C. Douthat and W. P. Douthat. Sergeant David Lieps was soon afterwards elected Orderly. Little did this band of seven officers — dear to each other as brothers are — then anticii)ate that in less than sixty days tiiere would be left of their number only two, and one of these. Lieutenant H. C. Douthat, owing his safety mayhap alone to his absence in Virginia on sick leave. On the 28th April, 1863, the battery was ordered to break up camp at Warrenton and march with Tracy's Alabama Brigade to reinforce General Bowen below Vicksburg. The enemy, having repeatedly failed in his effort to assault us on the right, had suc- ceeded in running a number of boats, not only gunboats but transports protected by cotton, past our batteries from above, and had marched a large force down the other side of the river, crossed it over in these boats, and landed it below Grand Gulf, a fortified point some forty miles below Vicksburg. Captain Johnston, who had been detached on court-martial duty, left Vicksburg on the evening of April 30th, and, after riding all niglit, reached and crossed Bayou Pierre at daybreak, May 1st. He found Lieutenant Peters with four of his pieces in position with Tracy's brigade, and in a very few minutes the battle of Bayou Pierre, or Port Gibson, had begun. Very soon an order came to send two guns to the left to operate with Green's Missourians. Lieutenant Peters was entitled to this separate command, but at his earnest request he was retained with Captain Johnston, and Lieutenant Norgrove's howitzers were sent. The battle raged with fury, the enemy being found in overwhelm- ing force, having six divisions at hand, of which four were actually ouL^T'^ed, with a number of superior batteries of rifle and other guns. Our largest force at any time during the day was three brigades — k'/ 20th, 1863. ' "Mrs. Carrington : " T have been requested by several mutual friends of your son and me to send you the sad tidings of his death. He was killed at the late fight near Edward's Depot, on the Vicksburg and Jackson Rail Road, on Saturday last. His wound was imme- diately mortal, and received Avliile, as usual, most gallantly leading his men into a fight, than which none of the Avar has been more fierce. 404 THE UjS'IVEESITY MEMOEIAL. [-May, " As I have for several years intimately known Campbell, at home and in camp, I need not say that I, with all his friends, most deeply mourn his early death. Loved for his virtues, admired for his intellect, and respected for all those qualities which make an honest man, we can but regret that we are to be without his cheer- ful companionship and hospitable friendship. We all loved him. His death was such as only the brave and good love to die. . . . " I am, madam, most respectfully, "G. A. Moses, Surgeon, C S. A" $ Then followed one to Colonel T. L. Preston : — "Jackson, Miss., June 3d, 1863. "My Dear Uncle : — " The General received a letter from Aunt Eliza in reference to Campbell. The letter was dated eight days after the fight on the Big Black river, where poor Campbell was killed. "We fell back so hastily from the battle-field as to prevent my seeing after his body. Two Captains in the same regiment saw him after death. Captain Kenelley, wlio did not get into Vicksburg Avith his regiment, knows where he is buried. I will make every exer- tion to see Captain Kenelley, and will mark the precise locality, so we may have the mournful satisfaction of I'ecovering all that is left of one who was so dear to all who knew hira, and more par- ticularly to those who are bound by the loving ties of consanguinity. All of his comrades in arms represent him, as he truly was, to be a noble, high-minded, and brave gentleman. All of his company loved him with unselfish devotion. His loss will be sincerely felt by others than his relations. Those who knew him in St. Louis agree that he was universally loved and respected. " She whose maternal care and love reared so noble a son deserves first of all our sympathy, and certainly she has it. Gen- eral Johnston was much moved at hearing of his death, and is now performing the mournful duty of informing Aunt Eliza. ... " Yours affectionately, "W. Hamptox, Jr." We give also an extract from a letter written by an officer of the 1st Missouri Kegiment to a relative of Captain Cakeington, dated " Enterprise, July 24th, 1863 " :— ]efi3.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 405 " It was a hard-fought battle, yet defeat was ours. In this battle our regiment lost one hundred and ninety-six men in killed, wounded, and missing. Prominent among the dead was one regretted more than any other man who fell on that hard-con- tested field, and that was your esteemed kinsman. Captain W. C. P. Carringtox. He died where all true soldiers of the South would desire to die, in the van, battling for his country against her enemies." We conclude this sketch with the letter from General Joseph E. Johnston to Captain Carringtox's mother: — " Canton, June Sd, 1863. "3Ii/ Dear Cousin : — " I have just received your letter of the 24th of May, and read it with deep grief. I need not now tell you that the noble son of whom you then wrote has already fallen in battle — and fallen in a manner becoming his race and his own high character. " I do not write to tell you that he deserved all a mother's love and a mother's pride — you know all that far better than I; but I can at least assure you that in the army he was fully appreciated ; that his high and estimable qualities, soft virtues, and courage and loyalty, had won for him universal esteem and admiration. Of all that we have lost in this war, no one deserves to be longer wept for. May our merciful God give you strength to bear this grief. With assurances of ray poor sympathy, " I am very truly your friend and kinsman, "J/rs. Eliza H. Carrington. J. E. Johnston." STEPHEN DEVEAUX PALMER, Private, Company D, 4th South Carolina Cavalry. The name of Palmer recurs with mournful frequency in this volume. Its representatives — South Carolinians and kinsmen all — were not " lavish of words, but laggard in deeds." They were bold enough to endorse the idea of State Sovereignty, and brave enough to maintain tiieir opinions like men. As soldiers under arms, they trod the soil of the Carolinas and Virginia, of 406 THE UKIVEESITY MEMOKIAL. [May, Georgia, Tennessee, and Kentucky. In the face of the foe they were not recreant to duty, and in their fall, one after another they marked with sufficient distinctness — if other marks were wanting — the successive years of the war. Stephen Deveaux Palmer was born at Mt. Moriah, the seat of the old French settlement, Jamestown, November 1st, 1840. His parents, Colonel Samuel J. Palmer and Marianne Gendron Palmer, were descended from the old Huguenot families of Gen- dron and Porcher. They both died while he was a mere boy. His earlier education was received at diiferent private and pub- lic schools in his native State. From that of the Rev. O. T. Porcher, at AVillington, Abbeville District, he was transferred to the University of Virginia in the fall of 1859. His design in attending this institution was to prepare himself for the pleasant life of a practical planter, that he might take charge of the estate which had descended to him through several generations of his ancestors, with all the advantages of a scientific education. But the secession of vSouth Carolina summoned him from Vir- ginia. In 1861 he joined a company of cavalry under Captain Thomas Pinckney, which was stationed on the coast between Onendaw Creek and the Santee River. This company afterwards united with others to form the 4th South Carolina Cavalry, under Colonel B. H. Rutledge. The regiment was then ordered to Pocotaligo, on the Charleston and Savannah Railroad, where it remained on outpost duty for about a year. From Pocotaligo it was called to Virginia, where, with the 5th and 6th South Caro- lina Cavalry, it formed the well-known brigade of General M. C. Butler. In Virginia, Stephen Palmer was prevented by sickness from engaging in any fight, until his brigade met Stoneman's Cavalry, under Averill, in Louisa county, May 11th, 1863. Here, though still feeble, and his horse in such a condition as to render him unfit for service, he exchanged with one of his com- rades and took his position in the line. It was his first engage- ment, and his conduct on the occasion, which was complimented by others, will be understood by the following extract from his own letter, written in the hospital at Charlottesville, and addressed to his uncle, Dr. John S. Palmer : — " On Saturday morning the enemy came up to Louisa Court- House, and we had to meet them. Butler's and Young's brigades 1863.] THE UNIVEr.SITY MEMOKIAL. 407 were the only two present. General Butler was at the head of our regiment. Our squadron, being the first line, had to engage the enemy. After marching about a mile from the Court-House, our pickets informed General Butler that the enemy had fortified themselves a short distance do^rn the road, and he ordered our squadron to charge and drive them back. We charged under a pretty heavy fire from the enemy, who maintained their position until we got within twenty-five yards of them; they then wheeled and dashed back as fast as they possibly could, throwing away their overcoats, &c., as they ran. Being eager to overtake them, I dashed forward at full speed and passed the main portion of our command, four or five being still ahead of me at the time. I soon overtook and passed them. Finding I could not reach the flying enemy with my sword, I endeavored to draw my pistol, but it had slipped too far behind me. I continued the pursuit until I reached their reserve force of about a hundred men, and drawing my pistol, before I could fire, felt my foot sting as if struck by a stick. Finding myself cut off from my command, I fired five shots into the crowd, wheeled and dashed for the road, passing several of the Federals, who kept up a lively fire on me from the time I started until I got out of reach. One man, as I passed, swung his gun and struck at me, but fortunately missed me. One shot passed through the neck of the horse I rode, but did not seriously hurt him. I then went to the rear and had my foot examined and it was ibund that a pistol-ball had entered just below the ankle, passed around the foot, and come out at the heel. I was then assisted into an ambulance and carried to the Court-House. From there, on our Avay to the hospital at Trevillian's, we were captured by a flanking party of the Federals. I was stripped of everything I had about me ; my watch a^id revolver were the most valuable ai tides. ■ While they were taking us off, our artillery played upon us, and the driver of the ambulance in which I rode was killed by a shell I hope to be home in a short time from this." But he never got further than the hospital from which his letter was written. His wound, after seeming for some days to be doing well, assumed a malignant character, and from it, after intense suffering, he died June 2Sth, 186 3. When conscious that his end was near, he wrote, through a friend, to his sisters in South Caro- lina, assuring them of his resignation and iiis confidence in the 408 THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. [jung, Redeemer. During his sufferings he was attended by the Rev. Mr. Meade, of the Episcopal Ci)urch ; and "vvhen these were past, he was laid to rest in the University l)urying-ground. WILLIAM G. BRAWNER, Captain, Prince William County Partisan Rangers. William Gardner Brawner, son of Basil and Malinda Brawner, was born on the 17th of October, 1829. His jiarents resided at that time at Tudor Hall, the estate upon which Manas- sas Junction is located, and whose fields afterwards became the historic camp and battle-ground known in Confederate annals as Manassas. Here he continued to reside, except when at school in the city of Alexandria, until the year 1855, when he became a student of law at the University of Virginia. At college the writer knew Braavner quite well. He was a man of commanding figure, tall and stalwart, with an arm of muscle well calculated to swing the sabre of a partisan. His features were rather passionless, and liis student-life seemed to be less subject than usual to those external impressions incidental to a residence among hundreds of young men. He quietly pursued his studies, not excited by the approach of examinations, nor beguiled into indolence when they had passed by. At the end of his second session at the University he located at Brentsvillc, in his native county, and entered upon the practice of his pro- fession. When the convention was called at Richmond to decide upon the course which Virginia should pursue in view of the impend- ing disruption of the Union, Mr. Brawxer was sent as a dele- gate to that body from Prince William, and represented his county in all its sessions. At the final adjournment of the convention in June, after the passage of the ordinance of secession, he returned to his home and took command of the 36th Regiment of Virginia Militia, which was called into the field shortly before the battle of Bull Run, July 19th. Soon after the first battle of Manassas the militia were remanded to their homes, and Colonel Brawner set about raising a com- j8(;3.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 409 pany of cavalry, to be used as partisan rangers. This was soon done, and he entered the Confederate service in command of his troop. Tlie materials in the writer's possession do not enable hira to follow Captain Brawxer through all the details of his active life as a partisan chieftain. That it was full of dangers, hard- ships, and thrilling incidents, no one of this age will need to be tokl. In the campaign against General Hooker he Avas slightly wounded near Fredericksburg, though not long detained from the field. When General Lee invaded Pennsylvania, Stuart's cavalry crossed the Potomac near Washington and made the circuit of the Federal array. It was during this expedition that Captain Bra"\vner lost his life. While leading his men in a charge upon the enemy near Seneca Mills, in Maryland, on the 11th of June, 1863, he fell, mortally wounded. His body was brought back to his native soil and buried in Alexandria, the scene of his school- boy days. On the 15th of June the Prince William Partisan Rangers, belonging then to W. H. F. Lee's brigade, held a meeting, and adopted the following resolutions in honor of their lamented commander : — " 1. That in the death of Captain W. G. Brawxer, who was killed while gallantly leading a charge against the enemy, in Maryland, on the 11th day of June, 1863, our country has lost a brave and efficient officer. *' 2. That his name will long be cherished and held sacred in the hearts of the remaining portion of his comrades, as a patriot who liad responded to his country's call in defence of those rights so near and dear to us all. "3. That the members of this company express their heartfelt sympathy for the bereaved family and friends of our departed comrade, and in doing so bid them remember the noble cause and deep oppression of our beloved and down-trodden country. " 4. That a copy of the proceedings of this meeting be forwarded to tlie family of the deceased, and published in the Richmond papers." A few weeks afterwards the following lines, written by "A. C. T." in memory of Captain Brawner, and dedicated to his sisters, appeared iu print : — 410 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL, ^j^^^^ Another of Virginia's sons Upon the altar lain, Another of her gallant ones For home and country slain. " Killed in the charge ! " — our hearts beat quick, His noble name to hear ; There is a doubt ; yet "vve grow sick With apprehensive fear " Fell in the charge ! " — alas ! 'tis true : A soldier from his side Brings news of " glorious victory," ; But that his " Captain died/^' Fell, leading on a gallant band Against the invading foe; His voice was first to give command, His hand to deal a blow ! Ah, many a heart will mourn for him, The friend of other days, And many a lip will render him The meed of well-earned praise. ; "We weep for him, the brave and true As ever fell in fight — As ever blade to battle drew For Home and for the Right ! The names are many : " wounded," " killed," Oft meet the ear and eye ; But none within the saddened heart Calls forth a deeper sigh. An only brother, only son. So generous, noble, free. Has follen in the glorious cause Of " Right and Liberty ! " Oh ! twine a garland for his name ; Let it immortal be ! And write it on the scroll of fame — He died our homes to free ! lu these stanzas and resolutions two statements stand out in bold prominence : — " He fell while gallantly leading a charge against the enemy." " He died to free his home." The first of these reminds one of the brave Sergeant-Major Edmund Fon- taine, who rushed on to death when the Colonel ordered the charge at First Manassas; of William Latane, who fell, as his General said, " leading his squadron in a brilliant and successful charge;" of Benjamin Harrison, who volunteered to lead a regi- ment at Malvern Hill, and " fell, pierced with seven wounds, near the enemy's batteries ; " of William Baylor, who, at Second Manassas, " caught up from the field the standard of the 33d, and 1SC3' THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 411 while Avaviug forward tlie colors and cheering on the charge, fell iu death ; " of Elliott Healey, who perished in the van on the same field, as he dashed forward shouting, " Victory and glory once more on the plains of Manassas ! " It was because they were fighting for their country, their homes — pro aris et focis, as has been fitly said — that they rushed thus impetuously to the battle's edge. AVell did they know that the liope of the land lay in the point of the sword, and under the inspiration of a pure patriotism they dared anything, everything. The cause for which they struggled is lost ; the country for which they did battle so valiantly has no name except in history. But though the land that gave them birth be down-trodden and impoverished for years to come, even as was William Braw- ler's home in the years of the war, still the lustre of their deeds will endure, and their names will be a possession forever to those whose principles are not changed by the triumph of brute force. They died for their country : could any do more ? SAMUEL ABRAM RIDBICK, Private, Company A, 13tli Virginia Infantry. The subject of this memorial was a native of Riddicksville, North Carolina, and was born November 19th, 1842. His father, Abram Riddick, a Virginian by birth, removed in early life from Nansemond county to North Carolina. A man of large means — the result of an active and succ&ssful life as a merchant and a farmer — he is no less distinguished for that practical char- ity which endears one to the poor. His mother — who was Miss Ann ]\Iaria Dillard, of Sussex county, Virginia, an accomplished and beautiful woman — died when he was but a child. After the usual routine of neighborhood schools, he was sent to Oxford, North Carolina, to be prepared for college, and thence, in October, 1860, to the University of Virginia, where he devoted himself chiefly to the study of the physical sciences. He Avas a boy of good order of mind, Avith argumentative powers preco- ciously developed, and had purposed to spend a term of years at 412 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [June, the University. But before the close of the session, " the com- plexion of the times" had sadly changed, and, in June, 1861, he returned home, anxious to enter the army. He soon received the appointment of Lieutenant in the Xortli Carolina State troops, in a company then being made up ; but there was delay in its organi- zation, and he, unwilling to wait longer, entered the service by attaching himself, as a private, to a cavalry company from South- ampton county, Virginia, which was then on duty on the James river. This company was officially known as Company A, 13th Kegiment. Assuming tlius voluntarily the duties of a soldier, it is not strange that, by strict attention to them, he soon commended himself to the esteem and admiration of his comrades and officers. Of the engagements in which he participated, the following may be mentioned : — The cavalry fight at Williamsburg, Septem- ber 9th, 1862; those with Stoneman during his raid in Virginia; the severe battle of Middleburg, June 3d, 1863, and the sundry engagements of less importance on the following three or four days ; the capture of the wagon-train between Rockville and Washington city ; and, lastly, the battle at Hanover, York county, Pennsylvania, June 30th, 1863, where, while gallantly charging the enemy, he fell mortally wounded, and died the next day, July 1st. It was gratifying indeed to his father and other relatives to hear, through a young lady of Hanover, that the wounded and dying soldier received every attention and kindness from her family. If it be true that "kind words shall never die," surely deeds also like these are immortal. This, at least, is true, tliat they who are enemies in name but friends in deeds, who by their timely and tender ministrations fulfilled the offices of kindred to this young man in his last hours, are gratefully remembered by those of his own blood, and esteemed, not as enemies, but as friends — as more than friends and not less than kinsmen. In the death of Samuel Riddick — to say nothing of the inter- ests of society, or, what is more, of the vacancy thus created in his family circle — the Confederacy lost a vigorous and hearty sup- porter. One of his officers remarked of him, in reference to the preparation of this paper, " Too much cannot be said in his praise — a braver soldier I never knew." After the war, his remains were removed to North Carolina and interred in the family burying-grouud. 1863] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 413 AUSTIN BROKENBROUGH, Captain, Company D, 55th Virginia Infantry, and A. A. A. and I. G., Heth's Old Brigade. Few of our young men entered the service of the Southern Confederacy with more to stimulate them to noble deeds than Austin Brokexbrough had. An honorable ancestry looked down from the past upon him, and he had in his large, living con- nexion "a cloud of witnesses," Avho, many of them in high official positions, adorned the Virginian character for intellect and moral integrity. The first of the name known in Virginia was William Broken- brough, who served as colonel in the British army during colonial times, and, since he wrote himself Gent., must have been highly reputable before the Revolution. He settled in the Northern Neck, and married Elizabeth, daughter of Major Moore Fantleroy, who in 1651 purchased from the aborigines a large tract of land on the Rappahannock river, above and below the creek of the same name, and located upon it. Colonel Brokenbrough had four sons, Austin ; who was in the English army with Washington, under Gen. Braddock ; Newman, Moore, and John. Dr. John Brokenbrough, the youngest of these, married Miss Sarah Roane, and was the father of Judge William Brokenbrough, of the Court of Appeals; Dr. John Brokenbrough, of Richmond, President of the Bank of Virginia; Thomas Bro- kenbrough, also of Richtnond ; Arthur S. Brokenbrougli, first Proctor of the University of Virginia; and Dr. Austin Broken- brough, of Ta^jpahannock. Among the nearest relatives of these gentlemen through their mother — whose family, like that of their grandmother. Miss Faunt Le Roy, were Huguenot refugees — may be mentioned because of their distinction, Thomas Ritchie, of the Richmond Enquirer ; Judge Spencer Roane, of the Court of Appeals ; William H. Roane, United States Senate ; John Roane, United States Congress, and Judge Thomas Ruffin, of North Carolina. Dr. Austin Brokenbrough married Miss Frances Blake, whose paternal grandfather was an Englishman. Her mother was the daughter of Adam Alridge, the owner of extensive lands in Jeffer- son county. Mrs. Frances Brokenbrough is remembered as a 414 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [July, woman of brilliant intellect and as one of the Vice-Presidents of the Mt. Vernon Association. The children of tliis marriage were Austin, the subject of this sketch, Benjamin, and several daughters, one of whom married Dr. L. H. Robinson, and another Colonel John M. Brokenbrough. Captain Austin Brokenbrough was born in Tappahannock, Essex county, Virginia, January 18th, 1842. In the fall of 1859, he entered the University as an academic student. " While at college," says one who was his contemporary there, " he was admired and respected for his elegant and decorous bearing; for his scho- larship and character." Another, a lady relative, writes of the hopes with which she once looked forward "to see him outshine all the talented men of his family." He was a young man of chivalrous spirit, frank, ingenuous and full of soul, l)ut with a certain dignity and even something of hauteur of bearing. He returned to the University in 18G0, but before the close of the session he had become a member of the 55th Virginia Infantry. He afterwards aided in raising a company in which, at its organi- zation, he was made 1st Lieutenant, and after the battles around Richmond, promoted Captain. In these battles he behaved with conspicuous gallantry, winning for himself an enviable name. He was on all the great fields, from Mechanics ville to Gettysburg, and displayed such courage and talent as an officer that he was regarded as a man of military genius. At Cold Harbor he was wounded; at Chancellorsville he was again wounded, but ere he was convales- cent he was at the post of duty and of danger. At the time of the Gettysburg fight, Captain Brokenbrough was acting as Assistant Adjutant and Inspector General of Heth's old brigade, then commanded by Colonel J. M. Brokenbrough, and forming part of General Heth's Division. How efficient he was in this capacity is testified by the fact that Major Harrison, the Division Inspector, on the day before that great battle began, told him, in the presence of many witnesses, that if all the Brig- ade Inspectors worked as he did, he himself would have very little to do. Heth's Division opened the attack on the first day at Gettysburg, and Captain Brokenbrough commanded the battalion of sharpshooters detailed from his brigade. Late in the day, in a fierce assault upon the enemy, he and Adjutant L. R. Williams, of the same regiment, were contestants for the capture of one of the Federal colors. They grasped the flag almost j^g(.3.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 415 simultaneously, and both claimed it. Not long after, when the lines of the enemy had been broken, and Avhile the Confederate forces Avere in hot pursuit. Captain Brokexbrough was shot through the arm and chest, the minie ball passing through both lungs. Pie was borne from the field immediately, and received every attention from kind nurses and surgeons. Being aware of the nature of his wound from the moment he was struck, he knew that he could not live. His chief care seemed to be about the welfare of his younger brother, Benjamin, who at that time was with General Stuart on his raid in Maryland. His thoughts, like Captain Davidson's at Chancellorsville, w^ere constantly upon his widowed mother, whom he knew his own death would leave, in a few hours, leaning more than ever upon his only brother. When not under the influence of opiates, he talked much on this subject, and left as his last message to Ben, that he must seek some less exposed position in the army ; that as long as both were living, it was very well that both should be in the line, but that now it was due to his mother he should be careful of himself. To Adju- tant Williams, too, with whom he had had the contest for the Federal colors, he sent word that he relinquished all claim to the prize, and that he (Williams) must have it. The act, beautiful because of its magnanimity, was characteristic of the man. On the evening of the 2d of July, Avhile the battle was raging, he asked a friend at his side if they Avere not fighting. The reply being in the affirmative. Captain Brokenerougii rose from his couch, almost in the article of death, to go too. A little later, and his brother-in-law, Dr. L. H. Robinson, Assistant Surgeon in the brigade, made him a visit. " The first thing he said," Avrote the Doctor from the battle-field, " was, ' Have you heard from Ben?' He could not talk much, and I had not the heart to annoy him witli questions. He said he was not afraid to die — that no tongue could tell how much he was suffering, but he thought it unmanly to complain. Tom Wright, who was with him much, said he had never before witnessed such heroic fordfitde. He expired in an hour (about 7 P. M.) as calmly and easily as any one I ever saw. Having grasped my hand just before, with a most pleasant expression of countenance, he then said he wanted to turn on his side, which I helped him to do, and in a minute he ivas dead.'^ He was buried on the turnpike, about half-way between Cashtown and Gettysburg. On the 3d of July Benjamin 416 THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. [July, Brokeubrough arrived, but after the burial ; he had, however, the mournful pleasure of turfing the grave of his only brother, whose latest solicitation was in regard to his safety. " It is hard," wrote Mrs. McGuire, sister to Judge Broken- brough, of Lexington, Virginia, and first cousin to Austin Brokexbrough, in her *' Diary of a Southern Refugee," under date July 14th, 1863, — "it is hard to tiiink of so many of our warm-hearted, brave Southern youths now sleeping beneath the cold clods of Pennsylvania. AYe can only hope that the day is not far distant when we may bring their dead bodies back to their native soil." After the war, the turf was broken and the clods raised from the grave of Captain Brokenbrough, and his remains were transferred to Tappahannock, where they were deposited, with Episcopal service, in the family burying-ground. As a testimonial to his soldierly qualities, the following extract may be made from a letter of his commanding officer, dated "Camp near Hagerstown, Maryland, July 8th, 1863":— "His efficiency in the performance of his every duty was fully appre- ciated by all, and many, many times has he been pronounced the most promising young officer in the array." AVe quote also, in closing, from an obituary of Captain Broken- brough, written by Lieutenant T. R. B. Wright, of Tappahan- nock, an intimate friend in boyhood, at college, and in the army : — "At home," says Lieutenant Wright, " he was loved as a dutiful son and aifectionate brother. In the community and village in which he lived, he was an ornament. As an officer, he excelled. AVith a bold nerve, quick conception, and determined resolution, adorned and accompanied by everything manly, he commanded the respect of all, and proved himself a martinet in military know- ledge. With his decorum, his suavity of manner, his kindness and modesty, no man ever stood higher in the estimation of his com- rades, either socially or in his military capacity ; no man was more beloved. . . The war has unmasked many heroes, and the history that records its triumphs and trials will give to the ashes of the dead and the laurels of the living one compassing halo. But few who have acted their parts have been more worthy of the encomiums and honorable laudations due to a patriot gentleman and a brave and gallant soldier, than the subject of this humble tribute — not one has died more gloriously." '/^/Ij. C^^yt^jL ■'U/lyJ J/'h.,.''^ l8G3.;i THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 41' EGBERT T. MASSIE, Captain of Engineers. It is not meet in these memorial pages to discuss the causes which led to the late civil war, nor to vindicate the action of the States lately iu rebellion. Time and the future historian will do justice to these themes. The people of Virginia, at least, depre- cated the arbitrament of arms in the settlement of the long pend- ing controversies between the North and the South. An honest effort was made at Washington in the beginning of 1861, by the Peace Commissioners of Virginia, to secure from the Congress of the United States such terms of adjustment as would avert the impending disruption of the Union and its consequent evils; but the eifort was unsuccessful. Events moved rapidly in the direc- tion of war. The firing upon Fort Sumpter on the 12th of April, 1861, which "fired the Northern heart," and the proclamation of the President of the United States of the 15th of the same month, which chilled the Southern love for the Union, precipitated the issue; Virginia, whose fair domain was to be the battle-field, was left only the choice of the banner under Mdiich she should fight. The choice was not doubtful. It Avas dictated neither by the press nor by politicians, but was the prompt, spontaneous and well-nigh universal act of a brave people, in sympathy with its kindred and in opposition to what appeared to be the overthrow of constitu- tional liberty — for the call to arras to overrun and subdue States appeared to be no less. The attitude assumed by Virginia was the result of earnest and sincere conviction, as was demonstrated not only by the readiness of all classes to take up arms, but by the constancy and fortitude with which they sustained a. four years' struggle, in which their homes were desolated and tlieir loved ones hurried to untimely graves. In the progress and end of the struggle few of her people, however honored or however humble, escaped the common calami- ties of personal bereavement and material ruin. Have their suffer- ings and sacrifices been in vain ? Assuredly not. AVe cannot scan the purposes of Providence nor interpret His ways, but doubtless by sucii means He often works in the accomplishment of ultimate good for individuals and for nations. Nathaniel Massie, then of Augusta, now of Albemarle county, 27 418 THE UNIVERSITY MEMOKIAL. ^j„,j.^ Virginia, gave six sons and a son-in-law to tlie defence of his native State and the service of the Confederacy. It fell to the lot of few to make so many offerings, and none could make more noble. Distinguished for intelligence and public spirit, for integ- rity and benevolence, Mr. IMassie had through a long life proved the model of the good citizen and Christian gentleman. His numerous children, inheriting the characteristics of a worthy father, had by his care and considerate attention enjoyed the advantages of the best scholastic as well as parental training. This family, embracing in its head the highest patriarchal worth, and in its members the brightest promise of future honors and usefulness, encountered in full measure the bereavements and sorrows of the war. One son was wounded and maimed for life ; another disabled by exposure and hardship ; a third for many weary months a pris- oner of war; two others died of diseases contracted in the public service; and still another, together with a son-in-law, fell in battle. One only returned unharmed to the paternal roof. Robert Thomas Massie, one of this noble band of brothers, and the fourth son of Nathaniel Massie, was born at Waynes- borough, Virginia, on the 16th day of February, 1834. His mother, Elizabeth Frances, Avas the sister of the late General David Rodes, of Lynchburg, the father of General Robert E. Rodes, of Alabama, Avho so highly distinguished himself in the Army of Northern Virginia, and who fell at AVinchester on the 19th of September, 1864, crowning a career of patriotism and gal- lantry with a noble death on the field of battle. Robert, after careful training in good preparatory schools, entered Washington College, at Lexington, Virginia, in Septem- ber, 1850, and graduated Avith distinction as Bachelor of Arts, July 1st, 1853. In tlie fall of the same year he took charge of a classical school at Halifax Court-House, Virginia, where he re- mained two years, making many very warm friends, and laying the foundation of a high reputation as a teacher. In October, 1855, he entered the University of Virginia as a student, and there prosecuted his studies for two years with eminent success and distinction. He graduated in all the schools necessary for the degree of ISIaster of Arts, except Greek and Modern Languages. While he made himself thoroughly acquainted with Avhatever subject of study he undertook, and proved himself equal to the mastery of any in literature or science, his strong partiality I8(;s.] THE UjS'IVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 419 was for scientific subjects. He prosecuted the study of pure and mixed Mathematics and the physical sciences witli indefatigable ardor, and with a success that challenged the admiration of his Professors and marked him for eminence in scientific pursuits. His distinguished friend^ Professor Bledsoe, regarded him as the first mathematician of his age in this country, and signalized his appreciation of his merits by appointing him, in the year 1857, first Assistant Instructor in the School of Mathematics. He con- tinued in this position two years, and gave unqualified satisfaction not only to those more immediately interested in his labors, but to the Professors and students of the University generally. Contemporaneously with his induction into the corps of Assistant Instructors, the system of Licentiate Teachers was introduced. Under this system, the Faculty was authorized to license any gen- tleman, of suitable character, capacity, and attainments, to form classes for private instruction in any school of the University, in aid of and conformity to the public teachings of the Professors; such teachers to be compensated by fees agreed upon with their classes. During the session 1857-8, nine gentlemen of suitable qualifications undertook the office of Licentiates, and inaugurated the new system under auspices that promised satisfactory results to this class of teachers and to the University. Mr. Massie was not one of the original Licentiates, but entered the lists the fol- lowing session, 1858-9. His success Avas remarkable, and demon- strated the practicability of making licentiate instruction not only useful to students, but remunerative to instructors. The system at the beginning of the war fell into disuse, and has not since been reviv^ed to any notable extent. In September, 1859, he was elected Professor of Mathematics in Randolph Macon College, Virginia, an^ very soon thereafter entered upon the discharge of the duties of his new position. He remained at Randolph ISIacon two years, giving great satisfaction to the Trustees and friends of that institution, and adding not a little to his reputation as an able and efficient teacher. At the close of the session in 18G1, he went to the Confederate army, then at ^lanassas, and offered himself as a private in the ranks of the Rockbridge Artillery. He was always delicate in constitution, and had a congenital defect in one ankle, which ren- dered him, in the opinion of every one except himself, unfit for the campaign duties of a soldier. 420 THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. [Jnly, Among other friends, General Thomas J. Jackson (Stonewall), "who knew him well and appreciated him highly, protested against the step he proposed to take. He nevertheless presented himself as a recruit, and was, on examination by the surgeon, rejected as physically unfit for military service in the field. An opportunity soon offered, at the University of Virginia, for tlie useful but temporary employment of his high talents in the line of his chosen profession. At a meeting of the Board of Visitors on the 16th of September, 1861, leave of absence was granted for one year to Professor Bledsoe, in consideration of his employment in the War Office of the Confederate States. Mr. Massie was at the same time appointed Professor of INIathematics ad interim, to supply the temporary vacancy, but with the rank, emoluments, and duties of a regular Professor. How well he discharged his important duties will appear from the following testimony of the Board of Visitors, unanimously expressed and entered upon tlieir minutes the 10th of September, 1862: — ''Mr. Robert T. Massie, who for the past year has held the position of Professor of Mathematics ad interim, being relieved from duty by the return of the regular Professor, the Visitors feel it to be due to Professor Massie to place upon their records and to fur- nish to him an expression of their high satisfaction with the ability, energy, and fidelity with which he has discharged the duties of his position, and they regret that they have not the power to secure to the University, permanently, the benefit of his high qualifications and his great efficiency as a Professor in the depart- ment of science to which he has devoted himself." Such expressions from such a source imply merit of the highest order. The records of the Board of Visitors contain no higher tribute to any one who has ever filled a Professor's chair in the University of Virginia. After the close of the session of the University in the summer of 1862, a volunteer company of artillery was formed in the neighborhood of Randolph Macon College, composed chiefly of former students of that institution who had known Mr. Massie as Professor of Mathematics, and appreciated his high qualities. When they met for organization, they unanimously and without his knowledge elected him their Captain. He accepted the posi- tion, and was again about to make the effort to serve his country in the field. But the War Department about this time decided ISO] THE UJS'IVEPuSITY ilEMuKIAL. 421 not to accept or equip any more volunteer artillery companies ; and he was thus again disappointed in his wish, dictated by a sense of patriotic duty, to bear a part in the hardships and dan- gers of the war. As it seemed out of his power to serve in the field, he asked for an appointment in the corps of Engineers. An appointment was conferred upon him with the rank of Captain, and he was assigned to duty in the Engineer Department at Rich- mond, on tlie 1st of January, 1863, under Colonel Alfred Rives, second in charge to Colonel J. F. Gilmer, Officer-in-Chief of the Department. The duties of Captain Massie in this Department were very laborious, urgent, and confining. He dischai'ged them greatly to the satisfaction of his superiors in office ; but never asking rest for an hour from the most anxious and wearing toil, on the approacii of summer his health began to fail, and in the beginning of July, 1863, he suddenly broke down, and died on the 2d of that montli, after an illness of a few hours, as truly a martyr to the service of his country as his robust and heroic brother, Livingston, or any other kindred spirit who fell on the field of battle. The announcement of his death carried deep and sincere sorrow, not only to the bosoms of his kindred, but to all who had known him in life. Touching letters of sympathy and condolence Avere addressed to his aged father, by the head of the Engineer Bureau, by members of the Board of Visitors and Faculty of the Uni- versity of Virginia, and by friends widely scattered throughout the country ; for all thought that, tliough comparatively young, no ordinary man had passed away. The proceedings of tiie Faculty of the University on the occasion of his death, as entered on their minutes of the 4th of July, 1863, may serve as an ex- ponent of the estimate in which he was held by the cultivated public, and the general sorrow at his untimely end. They are as , follows : — " The Faculty having lieard, with deep regret, of the death of their late co-laborer. Professor Robeut T. Massie, which occurred at Richmond on the 2d inst., cannot pass over the sad event in silence. Well known to us as a student, as an Assistant Instructor, and more recently as Professor of Mathematics ad inter im, in this institution, we became impressed with the highest respect for his character, talents, and acquirements, and looked upon him as giving promise of eminent usefulness and distinction in the cause 422 THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. j-,,,^^ of learning. Called from his favorite pursuits by the state of his country, he was occupying, at the time of his death, an important position in the Engineer service of tlie Confederate States, and discharging its duties with conspicuous efficiency and fidelity. He has been cut off in early manhood and in the midst of usefulness. In testimony of our appreciation of his merits and as a tribute to his memory, — "liesolved, 1st, That we lament his death as a great loss to society to science, and the public service. " 2c?, That these proceedings be made of record, and that a copy be communicated to the father of the deceased, with a tender of our heartfelt sympathy in the affliction with Avhich himself and family have been visited." Mr. Massie had all the qualities of mind and character which go to make up a truly great man ; and such he would have become in the estimation of his countrymen if life and liealth had been continued to him in the usual measure. A friend, the confidant of his high aspirations, himself a "praised man,'^ has said of him, " I do not know that I have ever met with a man of so much steady purpose combined with so much intellect." It was the object of his honorable ambition to fill the chair of Mathematics at the University of Virginia when a suitable opportunity for pre- ferment offered. He had a strong desire for reputation founded on solid merit. The delicacy and dignity of his nature demanded of official station the endorsement of self-approval. He would have sought nothing except by honorable means, and he would have accepted no preferment for which he did not think himself fully qualified. Hence his unwavering zeal and diligence in the prosecution of his favorite science. During his earlier connection with the University, he was the author of some new and striking demonstrations in the Calculus, and at a later i:)eriod lie projected and partially filled up the outlines of a work on another branch of Mathematics, which competent judges believed, if he had lived to complete and publish it, would have placed his name high on the roll of the mathematical writers of his day. The exigencies of his country diverted him for a time from his favorite pursuits, but he never lost sight of his ultimate aim and purposes in life. Had he been spared to us by Providence, the usefulness he aimed at, and the honors he coveted as the seal of usefulness, would doubtless have been vouchsafed to him in full measure. iy,;3.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 423 Handsome in person, gentle and pleasing in manners and address, richly endowed by nature with intellectual and moral gifts, and highly cultivated in head and heart, the crowning glory of this rare man was his Christian faith and charity. Perhaps few of earthly mould have passed through life with less of earthly stains. So faultless was his youth, that it cannot be said with cer- tainty when his Christian life began ; but it is known that he was an eminently consistent communicant in the Presbyterian Church from the twelfth year of his age to the timeof his death. He died, leaving to sorrow a multitude of friends, but in the full hope of a joyful immortality beyond the grave. The words of the lyric friend of Virgil well befit his monument — " Quis desiilcrio sit pudor aut modus Tarn cari capitis?" JOHN MOKRIS, Lieutenant, and Ordnance OlTicer, Pegram's Battalion of Artillery.* John Morris, the son of Dr. John Morris, of Goochland county, Virginia, and Susanna his wife, was born at his father's house in said county, in November, 1837. He obtained the first rudiments of his education at home, and was sent to several differ- ent teachers in his neighborhood until his fourteenth year, when he became the pupil of Napoleon B. Kean, Esq., who taught at the time a classical and mathematical school of high reputation. We have before us a letter from this gentleman, in which he speaks in glowing terms of his pupil's unvarying good conduct, his assi- duity in pursuing his classical and mathematical studies, and his tiuccess in these pursuits. He kept a journal of each pupil's every- day life, in which his deportment and standing in his class vrere recorded in arithmetical figures from to 5, and, upon looking over this book, he found that in three years JoHX Mouiiis's mark had never fallen below 5 and 4| for scholarship. His mind was romarkable, he says, for " thoroughness " in all his studies, although his specialty seemed to be mathematics. * The writer of this article requested lliat his name should not appear in connec- tion with it. He died, however, very soon after. and tliis wa.s douhtless the last pro- Uuctinn of liis pen. On this account, and after consultation with one of his nearest relatives, It has been thought not out of tasle to make the credit. 424 THE UNIVEESITY I\IET\IOEIAL, fj„,y^ At the age of seventeen he left Mr. Kean for Hampden Sidney College, where he remained, however, not more than a year, when he joined the school of Mr. Samuel Schooler, in Caroline county, pr-^paratory to entering the University of Virginia. Mr. Schooler bore the same testimony to assiduity and acquirements that had previously been borne by Mr. Kean, and like that gentleman, became his \varni personal friend. When he entered the University, October, 1858, he was about twenty-one years old, in the full glow of health and the first blush of manhood. He was an exceedingly handsome young man, and liis graceful manners and unassuming deportment added greatly to the charm which personal beauty never fails to exercise upon those with whom it is brought into contact. His reception in the best circles of society was immediate and cordial. Nor was he less popular within the walls of the University itself. His admirable address won the hearts of his fellow-students, while his respectful deportment and his assiduity in pursuing the studies of his classes gained him the esteem of the Professors. Hoving already grad- uated in Latin, Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, and Moral Philosophy, he would have taken the degree of M. A. at the com- mencement of 1860-61, had not the secession of Virginia called her sons to arms. He did not hesitate a moment. A deep and fervid enthusiasm and u daring courage, concealed under a quiet demeanor and unpretending address from the eye of the casual acquaintance — unknown, perhaps, until called forth by the occasion, even to himself — lay at the foundation of his character, and urged him forward in his duty. He immediately joined the Goochland Artillery, commanded by his intimate friend. Captain John H. Guy, and was made a Sergeant, which gave him the command of a gun. With all the enthusiasm of his nature, JoHX MoRRis began immediately to devote himself to the acquisition of the knowledge indispensable to his new position. In the language of Captain Guy, " He was one of those Avho seemed to feel that there rested on him a personal responsibility to meet fully every demand that the cause could make upon him. To be a soldier was with him something more than merely to enlist and drift along with the current. Regarding it as devolving upon him duties of a high character, he tasked all his energy and intelligence, neither of 1863.] THE UNTVEKSTTY MEMORIAL. 425 which Mas inconsiderable, to discharge them as he thought they should be discliarged. Blessed with a strong constitution ant? a powerful will, he bore the hardships and trials of campaign life without tiring, without shrinking, and without complaining. Keeping always in view the great object of his labors, he esteemed the difficulties in the way of its attainment as trifles unworthy of consideration. Hence his zeal never flagged, and no duty ever presented itself which he did not spring forward to discharge, not merely with the obedience of a thoroughly-drilled soldier, but with the alacrity and enthusiasm of a will superior to all difficul- ties. Gifted by nature with a superior mind which had been highly cultivated, he could not rest contented with the role of a mere automaton soldier, Avith whom " to obey orders" is the sum total of military duty. On the contrary, he was indefatigable in acquiring all the knowledge bearing upon his new profession which lay within his reach. A soldier from principle, he joined the army with a full determination to contribute as far as he could to the success of the cause. His whole soul was in that cause, and this led him to feel as lively an interest in the efficiency of the company as the Captain, and of the army as the General possibly could feel. Nor was he ever found wanting when an opportunity presented itself of personally contributing to these results." Tiie company in which John" Morris was a Sergeant Avent first into service under General Floyd, in Western Virginia. Its first battle was at Carnifex Ferry It lasted three hours and a half, during the whole of which he managed his piece with the utmost coolness, in face of a tremendous fire, both of artillery and small arms. As a proof of the efficiency with which the former arm was served, we have the official report of General Rosecranz, assigning to General Floyd sixteen pieces, although it is well known that he had but six in his army. The conduct of John Morris on this occasion was considered by Captain Guy sufficiently conspicuous to justify a letter of warm congratulation to his fatiier. " The coolness, courage, and skill," he said, " with Avhich he man- aged his piece could not have been excelled." It is Avell known that the campaign of General Floyd in Western Virginia was hard and trying to the endurance and dis- cii)line of officers and men beyond almost any other of the war. The subject of this sketch endured all its hardships and all its trials with dauntless resolution. At Cotton Hill, where the fight- 426 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [July, ing consisted in a long artillery duel of nearly two weeks, he was always at his gun, always exposed to the fire of the enemy, and always performing the roughest service without ever once mur- muring or thinking of shirking his duty. In the heavy skirmish- ing which followed the retreat from that position, his behavior is spoken of by Captain Guy as gallant in the extreme. During this retreat, in a skirmish at McCoy's Mill, a panic seems to have suddenly seized a portion of our troops, and our cavalry was driven back pell-mell upon our army, and through the artillery, drawn up in the rear to check the advance of the enemy. On this occasion John Morkis stood cool and collected at his gun, serving it with great effect, in the face of the advancing foe, and in a position the peril of which was every moment increasing, until Colonel, after- wards General, Heth, with a small detachment, assisted by this battery, made a bokl stand and succeeded in checking the advance. At the termination of this campaign, his command was ordered to Kentucky, and his next service was in the three days' fight at Fort Douelson. Here his gallantry and conduct were such as his previous short career liad led his friends to expect. Upon the surrender of the fort, February 16th, he, with the other prisoners, was carried to Chicago. The fact of his captivity was brought to the notice of Hon. Edward Bates, Attorney-General of the United States, who was a relative, and had, in early life, been an intimate friend of his mother's family. By the intercession of this gen- tleman, he and the late John Pleasants, of Goochland, also a member of Captain Guy's company and a relative of Mr. Bates, were carried to Washington. The kindness of Mr. B. did not end here. He procured the release of both the young soldiers, on parole, and had Baltimore, certainly the most agreeable spot to which they could have been sent, assigned as the place of their residence. With a delicacy worthy of all praise, he gave directions that they should be supplied with such money as their expenses might require, rendering liimself resi)onsible for the same. The friends of these young men, both now no more, remember this generous conduct on the part of JNIr. Bates with undying gratitude. It is well known that a very large proportion of the population of Baltimore, comprising much of its wealth, influence, and fasliion, and composed of native Marylanders, Virginians, and otlier Southrons and their descendants, were at that time ardent friends of the Southern cause. Among them Johx Morris was received igfio] THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 427 with a warmth of hospitality which seemed to have no limit. Every house was thrown open to him. The short time he spent among these generous and warm-hearted people was a continued fete. His modest deportment, handsome person, graceful manners, and high intelligence, rendered him a favorite in all fashionable circles. To this day, so writes a friend to whom we appealed for information with regard to his sojourn in that city, he is remem- bered in these circles as the handsome young Virginian who lost his life at Gettysburg. To the last day of his life he retained a lively impression of the unbounded kindness of which he was the object, and the brilliant society of which he had been a favorite. That he should have been charmed with his reception was natural enough, for he had always been passionately fond of the society of ladies. Young Morris was exchanged in August or September, 1862, and immediately resumed his position as Sergeant of his company, which was also exchanged about the same time. About this time there was a great deficiency of ordinance officers in the army, and the situation requiring much intelligence and considerable mathematical knowledge, it was found hard to supply it. In April, 1862, Congress passed a law for the appointment of fifty or sixty officers of ordnance, who were first to be examined upon gunnery, and other mathematical subjects connected with the military })rofession. Johx Morris aj>plied to be examined for a lieutenancy of ordnance, and readily obtained it. In December, 1862, or January, 1863, at the request of Colonel R. L. Walker, he reported as Lieutenant of Ordnance in his regiment. In the battle of Chancellorsville he was greatly exposed, rushing to the front and continuing in the hottest part of the fire during the whole engagement. He was warmly remonstrated with by his Colonel ; but he insisted that he did no more than his duty. In fact, his boiling courage, stirred by the roar of the combat, did not allow him to reflect with coolness upon the true line of his duty, which was to remain with his train and keep as clear of danger as was possible. In this he resembled some of the noblest spirits of whom history makes mention. It is certaiidy a fault to expose the person too much, but it is one which soldiers fiirgive in an officer most readily of all others. Coldness of spirit, on the contrary, they never forgive; nor do they ever respect the officer who has once been suspected of it. 428 THE UJSnVEESITY MEMOEIAL. [July. A striking instance of the former sentiment Avas afforded by John Morris. According to the testimony of his commanding Colonel, he became the most popular young officer whom he (the Colonel) had ever seen. After the battle of Chancellorsville, Colonel Walker was appointed Corps Commander of Artillery. This appointment gave him the command of a number of regiments of artillery. He offered John Morris the appointment of Captain of Ordnance, bnt he declined it because, he said, his duty would require him to remain so far in the rear that he could see none of the fighting. We close this memoir with the following notice from the pen of Dr. J. W. Hines, of Louisa county, a gentleman of fine talents and attainments, who at the time alluded to was a Surgeon in the Confederate army : — "My acquaintance with Lieutenant John Morris commenced in the spring of 1863, when he was assigned to duty as Ordnance Officer of Pegram's Battalion of Artillery. From that time until his death I was intimately associated with him as friend and mess- mate. Possessing all the qualities of mind and heart, together with that grace of person and gentlemanly bearing, that make men attractive, he soon won the esteem and admiration of all Avith whom he came in contact. With a quiet and dignified demeanor there was blended a gentleness and cordiality of manner that carried a conviction of sincerity with all his professions. Not only was he deservedly popular with the officers of the battalion, but also by his conspicuous gallantry on the field he soon attracted the attention and extorted the admiration of the men, who were not accustomed to see those whose duties did not require them, share with them the dangers of battle. His unnecessary and almost reckless exposure of his life was the subject of much anxiety among his friends, Avho often expostulated with him, and endeav- ored to dissuade him from a course that must eventuate in a useless sacrifice of life. But his brave spirit disdained any other than the post of danger, and in every battle he was found side by side with the gallant Pegram, whose bravery, tested on a hundred fields, was proverbial throughout the army. " The following anecdote was told me by Lieutenant Morris of himself during the battle of Chancellorsville. In the very climax of the second day's battle, when the field was being swept by a perfect hurricane of shot and shelly General ' Jeb ' Stuart^ then in jgg;-] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 429 command, observing liim, sent him to the line of infantry some paces in front of the position occupied by the artillery, with this very peculiar order : ' Go to the infantry line, pass along the whole length of the line, and tell every officer to hold the position at all hazards/ He dismounted, unwilling to risk his horse, to which he was greatly attached, to such a terrible fire as Avas then raking the whole line, proceeded on foot to the first officer he saw and delivered the order with this improvement upon it (as he observed) ' to pass the order doion the line,' instead of attempting to pass along the line himself, a thing utterly impossible under such a terrific fire. Thus the order was delivered in spirit, though not in letter ; tlie position was held, the enemy soon after dislodged and driven back, and the battle was won. " On the morning of the fatal day, July 2d, that closed his earthly career, as we arose from our bivouac, I said to him, 'Do not go into the fight to-day ; you have no business there. Besides, if you should be killed, you'll get no credit for it.' He replied, 'I have business there.' The battle had opened with desultory firing — the infantry were deploying across the fields — the whole army was moving forward to the great struggle. Pegram, far in the van, as was his wont, was already engaging the enemy's bat- teries — firing and advancing, as the enemy slowly fell back to his lines on the heights of Gettysburg, on which the grand battle of July 3d was to be fought. "No sooner had the firing begun than Lieutenant MoERis, leavine: his train in the rear, hastened forward to the front. Passing the hill, upon Avhich some officers were standing, and which commanded a view of the whole field, he inquired of me for Pegram. Pointing out his position, I again referred to his useless risking of life. He made no reply, but putting spurs to his horse, his erect and graceful form soon disai)peared and was lost in the smoke and tumult of battle. Scarcely half an hour had elapsed when I saw a horseman rapidly approaching, Avho l)rought the sad news that Lieutenant Morris was mortally wounded. " Directing an ambulance to follow, I soon reached him, lying upon the spot where he had fallen. He was feeling his puise, and as I approached him he asked me, * Is there any chance for me to live?' Comforting liim as best I could under the circum- stances, I had him placed in the ambulauce and carried to the rear. 4?)0 THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. [-j,,,,.^ "When he received the fatal wound he was standing by one of the artillery officers, with his hand upon Ms shoulder, and the bridle-rein upon the otiier arm. They were congratulating each other upon the result of an engagement with the enemy's bat- teries, which they had just silenced and driven from their position. Just then a stray shell (unexploded) coming from a distant battery, struck him upon the knee-joint, carrying it away entirely, except a little skin on either side, and also breaking the bone of the thigh in the upper third. As was usual in such wounds, there was little or no haemorrhage, but the system was laboring under a great shock. He was carried back to the hospital, where every tiling was done to bring about reaction; but every means failed, and it was evident he was gradually sinking. " Though entirely conscious of his situation, he manifested no fear or dread of death. He never seemed impressed with the idea that the sacrifice he Avas about to make was a useless one, but bore his sufferings, which were great, with a fortitude that must have been supported by a consciousness of having discharged his duty. He expressed no regret, indulged in no repinings, left no messages for friends, and did not refer to death exce]>t once, when he felt himself growing weaker, remarking then, ' If you do not succeed in producing reaction soon, I cannot stand it much longer.' For some slight attention by the nurses just before his death he thanked them, and said he was sorry to be so much trouble to them. He lived about two hours after he received the wound, and his spirit passed away calmly and peacefully, amid the roar of battle ; and he now sleeps in an obscure grave, far from his native State which he so well loved." Let those censure who can have the heart to do so. For our own part we can find in our heart room only for pity and admira- tion — pity for the noble spirit which so freely poured f)rth its blood at what it considered, falsely perhaps, the call of duty ; admiration for the daring courage which made the sacrifice easy and natural. The kindness of heart and the exquisite urbanity which prompted the sufferer, in the very moment of death, to apologize to his attendants for the trouble he cost them, were highly characteristic of the man. AVhen the death-shot swept that ter- rible field, and thousands of victims fell beneath the storm, it reached no nobler or braver heart than that which beat in the bosom of John Morris. J803.] THE UNIVERSITY MESIORIAL. 431 F. PENDLETON JONES, Lieutenaat, Brigadier-General John M. Jones's Staff. Francis Pendleton, son of Francis W. and Ann P. Jones, was born at Louisa Court House, Virginia, December 27th, 1841, and died September 2d, 18G3, of wounds received at Gettysburg, July 2d, 18G3. He was prepared for college in the excellent school of Mr. John P. Thompson, and entered the L^niversity in October, 1859, taking a heavy academic ticket. He was a diligent student, and made satisfactory progress in his studies, though his previous preparation was not sufficient to enable him to reach the standard of graduation in any of his schools. At the beginning of the next session, he changed his ticket to Moral Philosophy, History and Literature, Political Economy, and Junior Law, and w'ould probably have graduated on the whole, had he remained until the close of the session. He greatly delighted in his student life, and was wont to speak of his Alma Mater in the most enthusiastic terms. An active member of the Washington Society, he has left among his papei's a number of very creditable speeches prepared for its debates. As a member of the Young Men's Christian Association, he was regular in the discharge of its duties, and especially delighted in the prayer-meetings. The influences brought to bear upon him durino; his second session led him to decide to devote himself to the work of the ministry; and he made known his purpose to his pastor, who had baptized him a short time before he went to the University. He entered most heartily into the feelings of the young men of A-^irginia during the early ^lays of the war, and was only kept from leaving college to join the army by the most earnest persuasion of his friends, who were anxious for him to remain until the close of the session. About the fii'st of June, however, he declared that he "could stand it no longer," and withdrew from college to hasten to the front. Pen)aining at home a single day, he hurried to Winches- ter, and joined Company D of the famous old 13th Virginia Infantry, just as its noble commander (A. P. Hill) was leading it out to meet a threatened movement of the enemy from Romney. As he marched out that bright June morning — in the same 432 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. |-j„,y^ company with many of his old schoolmates, and in the same file with two of his brothers — he said, with gladsome heart, "Now I feel contented and happy, for I know that I am in the path of duty." He was with Johnston in all of the movements of the Lower Valley, by which that great strategist eluded Patterson and hurried across the mountains to relieve Beauregard and win tlie great battle of First Manassas. He participated in the brilliant affairs at Munson's Hill, Lew- insville, and other outposts, which showed the metal of which the "Old 13th" was made, and won for Colonel " Jeb" Stuart his merited Brigadier's wreath ; and in the spring of '62, he went with Ewell to join Stonewall Jackson in his famous " Valley campaign." He went with his command to the Seven Days' battles around Richmond, where his younger brother was mortally wounded, and thence followed the flag of his heroic regiment to Cedar Run Mountain, Second Manassas, Harper's Ferry, Sharpsburg, and Fredericksburg. Ever at his post, and prompt to discharge his duty amid all those scenes of hardship and danger, he was counted one of the best soldiers in a regiment which was composed of as noble a body of young men as ever marched under any flag or fought for any cause. w In the spring of '63, his uncle, Colonel John M. Jones, was promoted to the command of a brigade, and offered him a position on his personal staff, with the rank of Lieutenant. Some time before, F. P. Joxes had been detailed as Quarter- master's Sergeant of his regiment, and had given such entire satisfaction in the discharge of these important duties that he had a fair prospect of promotion in this department. A devoted sister, naturally feeling that he had been sufficiently exposed, and that one noble boy was enough for the home circle to lose \vhere duty did not demand it, wrote to beg him to remain where he was and not to accept the proffered staff appointment. He firmly replied, "I did not hesitate for a moment what to do. There is no diffi- culty in getting men to fill ^bomb-proof positions, and I made up my mind some time ago to return to my company as soon as the campaign should open. But I can render more efficient service on the staff, and have already accepted the appointment." Gen- eral John M. Jones had been an old army officer, was at one time Professor at West Point, and was known to be one of the most 1803] THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 4.33 rigid disciplinarians in the service. It was well understood that his affection for liis nephew would by no means cause him to over- look the slightest delinquency. Yet Lieutenant Jones entered so heartily and conscientiously into the discharge of the smallest details of his duties, that he soon won from the rigid old West Pointer the testimonial, " He is one of the very best staff officers in this army." At the same time he won the respect and admira- tion of the officers and men of the brigade by his gallant bearing on the field, and courteous though rigid discharge of duty in camp and on the march. He acted with such conspicuous gallantry at the capture of Winchester and during the first day's battle of Gettysburg as to attract the notice and remark not only of his immediate comman- ders, but of the veteran Ewell himself. In the second day's battle at Gettysburg, he was shot through the mouth while leading a charge on the heights and when within a few feet of the Federal wxM'ks, which the men pressed on and occupied. About the same time, General Jones, who was rallying another part of the brigade, received a severe wound in the leg. They were carried back to Winchester in the same ambulance, barely escaping capture by Federal cavalry. Lieutenant Jones reached home, and lay for several weeks in a very critical condition ; but then began to improve, until his friends were hopeful of his speedy recovery. He at once grew impatient to return to his post. He purchased a new horse, had all of his equipments made ready, and was insisting that he should be able to join his brigade within ten days, when he was suddenly taken with violent hsemorrhages from the lungs, and three days after breathed his last. He was perfectly conscious that his end was at hand, expressed his entire willingness to die if it was God's will that he should do so, and said that his hope of salvation w'as in Christ alone. The day of his death, a friend read to him tlie 14th chapter of John, and at its conclusion he said, with a sweet smile, " I always loved those words. That chapter was a great favorite with my dear mother, and she used frequently to read it to me wlien I was a boy. I know its meaning now. Yes ! and I will soon meet her and dear Ed. too, in one of those bright mansions which Jesus went to prepare for us." Thus, on the 2d day of September, 1863, Francis Pendleton Jones passed from the earth. 28 434 THE UNIYEESITY MEMOEIAL. [July, As his comrades along the Rapidan were marching out to a "grand review/' this young soldier lay ready for his burial, dressed in the gray uniform which in life he had never disgraced, and which in death was his most fitting covering. His body sleeps in the cemetery of the church of his choice, beside the brother who fell at Cold Harbor, and the doting mother who was as verily a victim of the war as though shot through the heart; but his pure spirit dwells in that heavenly home where " war's rude alarms" are never heard and death never enters. In reference to the character of this young man, the Captain of his old company says that he "was in the highest sense a gentleman, a soldier, and a Christian." Generals A. P. Hill, Ewcll, and other officers spoke of him in the highest terms. General J. A. Walker pays him the following tribute — "Although ray acquaintance with F. P. Jones, of Company D, 13th Virginia Infantry, was not very intimate, I remember him very well and very distinctly. A bright, manly boy who marched forth at the first call to arms, and who fought gallantly and bravely on every field; enduring hard- ships and priv^ations without a murmur; preserving with spotless purity the innocent freshness of a young and guileless heart amid the temptations of camp ; and finally laying down his life for the good cause. "Such is the brief history of this young man, and it affords his old Colonel pleasure to bear testimony to his gallantry and good conduct as a soldier, and to his pure and spotless character as a man." His pastor thus writes : — " Of fine talents, gentle manners, and affectionate disposition, he became endeared to a wide circle of friends, and gave rich promise of usefulness ; while over all his natural excellence was shed the mellow light of the religion of Jesus." Among our " Fallen Alumni " there are more distinguished names, but no more devoted son of our Alma Mater, no truer patriot, than Francis Pendleton Jones. 1863 J THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 435 GEORGE H. GUIGER, Captain, and A. D. C. to General Kemper. George Henry Guiger, youngest son of George and Susan Guiger, was born in Staunton, Virginia, May 28, 1826. His family was of German extraction, and came originally from Penn- sylvania to Virginia. His mother dying a few days after his birth, George was bequeathed to his aunt, Mrs. Tapp, who, upon her marriage with Peter Merriwether, Esq., of Albemarle, removed to that county to reside. In 1844 he became a pupil of ]\Ir. Pike Powers at Staunton, and was prepared by that gentleman for entering college. In 1846 he matriculated at the University of Virginia, where, with a view to the profession of a farmer, he devoted him- self chiefly to the study of the physical sciences. After a single session there he entered at once upon the duties of life, and under the tutelage of one of Virginia's most intelligent farmers, Mr. Richard Gambill, of Albemarle, he soon became a very successful planter. At the first call to arms in 1861, Mr. Guiger entered the army as 3d Lieutenant in the "Albemarle Light Horse" — Captain Eugene Davis — one of the first companies organized and sent to the front from that county. At the reorganization in 1862, he was advanced to the position of 1st Lieutenant of the Light Horse, but he served as such only for a short time in consequence of an appointment on the staif of Brigadier-General James L. Kemper as A. D. C, with the rank of Captain. As aide to General Kemper he was a faithful and efficient officer, and con- tinued to serve in this capacity until he received his death-wound at Gettysburg. The grand charge of Pickett's Division upon the Federal posi- tion on the heights of Gettysburg cannot fail to win admiration wherever the great qualities of men are truly appreciated. The immortality which it achieved in the annals of history on the 3d day of July, 1863, belongs alike to all the Virginians whose heroism made it a great deed. The division was composed of Kemper's, Garnett's, and Armistead's brigades, and numbered less than five thousand men. Ileth's Division, commanded by Pettigrew, were to support them, while the brigade of Wilcox 436 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [July, should cover their right flank during their advance. The line was formed, and " Pickett moved forward across the open plain in front of the enemy's works : Kemper's and Garnett's brigades were in front, Avith Armistead following close behind. Pettigrew was moving on the left, and Wilcox with his troops in columns of battalions following on the right. As steadily as if marching on parade the columns advanced, and when they reached the Em- mitsburg road the Confederate batteries became silent, as they could no lono;er fire safelv over the heads of the advancing infantry. The enemy greeted their approach with terrific dis- charges of grape and canister, before which the Confederates went down by scores. Still the line pressed on, winning the admiration of even its foes by the magnificence of its advance. Suddenly, when the crest was almost reached, the hill blazed Avith the fire of the Federal infantry, and Pettigrew's Division, in spite of the efforts of its gallant commander to rally it, broke in dismay and fled from the field, leaving two thousand prisoners and fifteen standards in the hands of the Union army. " But the Virginians pressed on, led by their heroic commander, with his long hair waving in the breeze, and his sword pointing straight on to the enemy. " ' Steady they step adown the slope, Steady they climb the hill, Steady they load, steady they fire, Marchiug right onward still — " while the iron hail-storm sweeping through their ranks, strewed the earth with their dead and dying. There was no wavering among them, for they were fighting for the honor of the Old Dominion. The gaps in their line were closed up as fast as made, and with wild cheers they gained the crest, drove the Federals from the works, and amid the gloom and smoke General Lee saw through his glass the blue flag of Virginia waving from the crest of Cemetery Ridge. " The triumph was dearly won, and Avas as brief as it was glorious. The enemy rallied on their second line, and poured a withering fire into the captured works now held by the Virginians. Glancing around to look for his supports, Pickett found that he was alone, that Pettigrew's men had fled and left him to his fate. His grand charge had been in vain. Every brigade commander, and all but one field officer, had fallen, and it was by a miracle 18C3.] THE UI^IVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 437 only that General Pickett himself had escaped. The enemy were rapidly thinning his ranks, and it was vain to attempt to hold the works. All that coui-age could do had been done, and it remained but to save the remnant of the Division. Reluctantly he gave the order to fall back, and the command retired slowly and sullenly over the ground it had immortalized. "General Wilcox, who had failed to move far enough during Pickett's advance, now attempted to carry the heights, but his gallant and rash assault was repulsed." Thus graphically has McCabe, in his Life of General Lee, de- picted the heroism of five thousand men, nearly thirty-five hun- dred of whom returned not from the charge. Of the three brigade commanders Kemper only survived it, and he was severely wounded and made a prisoner. His aide. Captain Guiger, who had had his horse shot down under him in the charge, was also mor- tally wounded in the retreat and fell into the hands of the enemy. He was removed to the hospital at Gettysburg, where, after linger- ing in great pain for two weeks, he died July 17, 1863, at the age of thirty-seven. As a soldier. Captain Guiger was fearless; as an officer, ener- getic and systematic. Exacting of others under him the military discipline which he himself so strictly adhered to, he at the same time won by his impartial bearing their respect and esteem. His genial disposition made him a most agreeable companion, and whether in camp or at home, he manifested the same hospitable spirit. Though not a Christian by profession, his respect for Christianity was marked. His last moments were full of peace, giving hope to his friends. Plis body rests now beneath the sod at his old home in xMbc- marle, and beside those he loved in his li'fe and honored in his death. THOMAS GORDON POLLOCK, Adjutant, and Inspector-General, Kemper's Brigade. Thomas Gordon Pollock was born in the city of Richmond, 27th of September, 1838, his father, A. D. Pollock, at that 43S THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. ^j,,;y time being the pastor of the Presbyterian Church on Shockoe Hill. His grandfather was Judge Thomas Pollock, of Ligonior Valley, in AVestmoreland county, Pennsylvania. His great-grand- father, James Pollock, Esq., was an emigrant from Ireland, and a son of Dr. Thomas Pollock, Senior, of Coleraine, in the province of Ulster. His paternal grandmother was a daughter of Abram Hendricks, Esq., of Ligonier Valley, and sister of Governor Wil- liam Hendricks, of Indiana, and aunt of Hon. Thomas A. Hen- dricks. The family name in France, ages ago, was Henri. In Germany (one takes it for granted they were Huguenots) it became Heinrich, and in Holland, and then in these States, Hendricks. His mother is a daughter of Charles Lee, who, while a young man, was Attorney-General of the United States under Washing- ton and the elder Adams; and whose elder brother, General Henry Lee, became Governor of Virginia, and was the father of Robert E. Lee. His maternal grandmother was sister of Judge John Scott, of Fauquier, father of Robert E. Scott. These were descendants by a maternal line from Professor Thomas Gordon, of Aberdeen, an author and a man of note in liis day and country. The subject of this sketch was five years old when his j^arents removed from Richmond to Leeton Forest estate, near Warrenton, in Fauquier county, Virginia. After receiving a preparatory education at home, and then in Wilmington, Delaware, he spent a year at Yale College, and then four years with distinction in the University of Virginia — two in the Academic and two in the Law Department. He also read law in the office of his kinsman, Robert E. Scott, of Fauquier; and in the beginning of 1860, commenced the practice of law in Warrenton. In the fall of 1860, young Pollock was induced to remove to Shreveport, Louisiana, where, after mastering in three months the Louisiana code in the French language, he became the law-partner of L. Marks, Esq. (Colonel Marks, of the army, also fallen in battle), and was in full practice at once. The winter and spring of 1861 brought on the war. The entire Shreveport bar became soldiers. Their company was the Shreve- port Grays. Thomas Gobdon Pollock, in his twenty-third year, having given his attention vigorously to tactics, was their principal drill-sergeant. The company was marched in April to New Orleans, and thence to Pensacola, and formed part of the investing force before Fort Pickens, under General Braxton Bragg. 18C3.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 439 In June, '61, the investment of Fort Pickens was abandoned, Bradford's Brigade (the Shreveport Grays belonging thereto) was ordered to Richmond. At Ricliraond Sergeant Pollook was tendered a Captain's commission; and witli the assistance of young gentlemen of his acquaintance, raised a company for Wise's Legion, and repaired, under orders, to Lewisburg, and thence to Sewell's Mountain, the Hawk's Nest, New River, and the Gauley. With his James River Rifles, he was at one time ordered into Braxton county, alone, on an out-look and recruiting expedition. It is saying something that they did not get captured, for the Yankees were in force north of the Gauley and Kanawha. The Legion Avas eager for a battle, but could not get one — only a few skir- mishes in the wilds of the mountain road. Cox's men always con- senting to get out of the way. Colonel Starke, of Louisiana, commanded the regiment to which the James River Rifles belonged. He was a dear, fast friend of Captain Pollock, as they had known each other in the South- west. At one time a vacancy occurred, and a Major had to be appointed. The officers of the regiment united in proposing Cap- tain Pollock to the War Department to fill that office, and Col- onel Starke became the bearer of the recommendation ; bat before Colonel Starke could get to Richmond, the office was filled. When autumn winds and frosts and snows began to come, it was terrible in the Alleghanies. Pneumonia came in the wake of measles, and made the wintry future as gloomy as can be well imagined. Military glory, out in that mountain West, Avas a "Will o' the wisp." They could not overtake it. There was bravery enough, doubtless, in Camp Dogwood and Camp Defiance ; but what could it amount to ? At length, about 9 o'clock one night, Colonel Starke came from brigade headquarters with news. It was an order to move at daybreak, and march to Bowling Green, Kentucky, and report to General Albert Sidney Johnston. Then good-bye at last to West Virginia ! Captain Pollock felt as if he could write a critique on the West Virginia policy and management of the war. But that was not his business. And what if it had been? He could not get paper to write a letter home to his parents — could only tear a leaf out of his note-book and send it. The brigatlo marched seventy miles to the railroad, on its way to Kentucky. There it met a counter-order, commanding it to 440 • THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. [July, repair to Charleston, South Carolina, and report to General Robert E. Lee. This was a kind providence, no doubt. It kept these boys out of that slaughter-pen at Fort Donelson, and gave thera the advantage of a bland climate in which to recover from their bronchial and pulmonary maladies. Pollock was a nurse among his men at Charleston and Pocotaligo, assiduous, skilful, and sym- pathizing. And the like of that is nearly all that can be said, or at least that need be said, of that winter, and till the spring of 1862. While McClellan was before Yorktown, on his peninsular way to Richmond, the forces from South Carolina arrived in Virginia. At the reorganization of the army, Captain Pollock shared tha fate of many of the finest officers in the service ; he was not re- elected. But Colonel Starke having been promoted to the command of a brigade, invited him to become his aide ; and as the vote of his company had left him at liberty to indulge his inclination, he accepted the invitation. In this position he went through the battles before Richmond, receiving no wound — only a musket ball through his clothing, in and out, slightly abrading the skin im- mediately over his heart. During two days of those battles, as the writer has been told, he was detailed to tlie temporary com- mand of a regiment that had lost its field officers. His letter home after McClellan's escape is itself a beautiful army report. The miasmatic air of the Chickahominy having penetrated his system, he was allowed to retire to Charlottesville for medical treatment. But the guns of Slaughter's Mountain seeemed to cure him. He was not in time for that fight, but was in place for the forced march round Pope's army to Manassas. General Starke's brigade was in the warmest work of Jackson's corps on Thursday and Friday and Saturday of the Second Manassas. The aides had to come and go in the heaviest of the leaden storm. Captain Pollock's horse was killed under him, and his clothing pierced with a musket ball, but his person was uninjured. His military conception of the whole idea of that battle and of its leading details is expressed with great brevity and admirable clearness, illustrated, as all his letters were on such occasions, with miniature diagrams of the localities of each decisive collision. He was also in the Monday's fight below Centreville, at Ox Hill, and accompanied the army into Maryland. At Frederick City two Maryland gentlemen offered their ser- vices to General Starke as volunteer aides. Thereupon the 103] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 441 General offered Captain Pollock a furlough to make a hasty visit home. During his absence General Starke was killed at the battle of Sharpsburg, and he lost his position thereby. His return, liowever, from his furlough to the army was in time to enable him to take part in the affair at the Potomac crossing below Shcplicrdstown, where the command by courtesy was given him of a regiment whose officers no doubt had been killed at Sharpsburg. He would then have returned to the ranks, but was prevented from doing this by a solicitation from General Lee's staff. Colonel Cawley, Quartermaster-General, offered him the position of As- sistant, and General Lee himself was kind enough to give him a most flattering recommendation to the War Depai'tment for that position, to wliich, on giving the requisite bond, he was appointed accordingly. This station he occupied from the middle of Sep- tember, 1862, till the battle of Fredericksburg, 13th December. The opportunity was an admirable one for accurately studying at army headquarters the history of the campaign from its opening at Yorktown till its close at Sharpsburg. His intimacy with the Adjutant-General enabled hira in his letter home to speak of tiie campaign as follows : — " The Army of Northern Virginia has, upon a careful and certainly a moderate estimate, put hors de combat ninety-seven thousand of the enemy (97,000). It has captured a hundred and fifty cannon (150), and eighty thou- sand small arms (80,000). It has fought seventeen (17) pitched battles, suffering no defeat. It has destroyed or captured stores of the enemy to be estimated at tens of millions, and it is now ready to defend Virginia against the new levies of the invaders with far better chances of success than it began the campaign with at Wil- liamsburg. And for the present the campaign has ended in the retirement of the entire Federal forces into* their works around AVashington, defeated and demoralized. These results extend from Williamsburg to Sharpsburg. They have been accomplished by a single army, unrecruited, greatly inferior to its adversaries in numbei's, and wanting in every particular of equipment and fur- niture which had been held essential to the success or even to the existance of an army in tiie field." Through the fall months of September, October, November, Ca[)tain Pollock was employed at headquarters, in tiie Pay Department. His business intercourse was with officers of rank in the same department at Winchester, at Staunton, at Rich- 442 THE UKIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. [July. mond. His opportunities were the best for studying subjects of administration, as belonging to the interests and relations and prospects of the war. Those subjects were serious at that time, but as yet full of suggestions of hope as well as of fear. He was now a bonded officer of the army, and might have availed himself of the comparative safety to person which his position would have allowed him during the remainder of the war. He was, however, not satisfied. There were others, and enough of them he thought, as capable as he for such duties as these. He had given himself at the beginning to the war proper, and felt that in some capacity or other his duties were in the field. General James L. Kemper, who had known Captain Pollock intimately before the M'ar, had invited him to a position on liis staff. The attraction of former acquaintance, in times so serious, was mutual. The invitation was repeated and pressed. Of course it was on Captain Pollock's mind during the period of his Quar- termaster duties. When the guns of Fredericksburg began boom- ing to the battle, he could resist no longer, but repaired to General Lee's headquarters, and had himself detailed to General Kemper's staif ; and thence to brigade headquarters, where he Avas at once inducted as Inspector-General of the brigade. General Kemper's brigade was of Longstreet's corps. Its position was in rear of the town — the army centre. Through the forenoon of the day, the battle was on the Confederate right, under Jackson. For miles below the town it occupied the broad low grounds of the river. The centre was resting on its arms. For hours Captain Pollock sat on his horse, on a tall bluff of the heights that commanded the scene. His cool military eye read it like a diorama. He could see the effect of the enemy's every order to advance, and he could but admire the precision with which the order was executed. Then he could see the effect of every round from the hedge breast-works, the pause in the advance, the stagger, the recoil, and the pell-mell disorder. He could recognize the field-officers riding into the confused mass of soldiery, firing their pistols and vociferating their orders to re-form the ranks. Three times in succession he witnessed, as a mere spectator, this exciting alternation of advance and repulse, all unconscious of how the forenoon hours were gliding away. At last the repulse was decisive. With this result, at about two o'clock, came the order for battle at the centre. The remainder of the day was less 1803.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 443 photographic in its occurrences, but it ended with victory to the defenders of the bleeding South. Many a noble Southern soldier saw his last of earth on that day. Captain Pollock's horse was wounded under him, slightly, in the knee ; he himself was unharmed. Captain Pollock was now in the active field-service again. Longstreet's corps (including Kemper's brigade) was during the winter ordered to Suffolk, and then, in the spring, to Kiugston, in North Carolina. But there was no battle — only watching and skirmishing all the time. Longstreet's corps was unhurt by Chancellors ville. It was not there. It shared not in its glory. It only heard the guns from Taylorsville, and then hastened on to the invasion of Penn- sylvania that followed. This was Captain Pollock's last long march, and Gettysburg was his last battle. The brigade passed almost within sight of his home. But war knows no indulsrent Wenti mentalities. June weather was relaxing, and the long march was exhausting. But what of that ? The 28th of June was the Sabbath, and Longstreet was in camp near Chambersburg. Captain Pollock obtained a furlough, and dressed himself and rode into town and went to church. This was the habit of his life. One hopes it was a pure Gospel that was preached on that day and in that church, and by some pure- hearted messenger of the Lord Jesus. But of this we know nothing. Tliat whole section of southern counties of Pennsylvania was alive with scenes of strategy and war preparation. Two of the most gigantic armies that ever trod the western side of the earth were manoeuvring for a bloody trial of strength. The Southern soldiers were confident, and calm in their confidence. They believed in General Lee. Captain Pollock said in his letter three days before his death, that their confidence in their leader was like his idea of faith. General Lee was a soldier, it may be, of the sublimest grade, an honor to his nation, whether that nation be '' The Confederate States " or " The United States." But God at last does as it pleaseth Him, among armies or peoples, in earth or heaven. And He giveth no account of His matters. In the battle of Gettysburg, Longstreet's corps was the reserve. Theirs, then, was the heavy work of the 3d of July. The charge of Pickett's division has been already referred to. Before it was 444 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [July, made, General Kemper, at the left wing of his brigade, conferred with his staff, and assigned to each member his dnty. Last of all, he conferred with Captain Pollock alone, entrusting to him certain duties at the other end of the brigade line. General Kemper himself, immediately afterwards, was shot down, and Captain Pollock had gallopped along the line to attend to the duty assigned him. Tlie charge was in full career of its advance. The fire from the battery in front and flank was terrible. The brigade line, at some point, staggered, when Captain Pollock's words were heard for the last time: — "Boys, I trust you will all behave like Southern soldiers." His farther lot in the bloody affair is in great obscurity. Captain Lettellier, charging with his company, remembers him as he rode along the line. The men all noticed him, for they were all fond of him. In ten minutes the word passed back along the advancing line, " Captain Pollock is killed." A soldier of the 7th Virginia (Edward Yeager, of Culpeper) saw him fall from his horse. • He fell within ten steps of Yeager, and not as a wounded man falls, but like a dead man — clear of his horse. The commotion of the charge was at its utmost ; and the distance across the plain to the fortifications was yet con- siderable; the mortality was appalling, and there was no time then to inquire or look after the fallen. Tiie charge entered the first line of breastworks, but were not sustained, and could not hold them. The withdrawal was in utter confusion, in which no local- ities could be visited, and no killed or wounded identified and brought off. Captain Pollock's remains were not recognized or heard from at all. His faithful body-servant, Richard, since dead, was on the field at the time, determined to see the worst of it, anxious to follow his master into the enemy's hospital, if it might be so ; determined, at any rate and at all risk, to know what his fate was. But he was ordered back by an officer who seemed amazed at his temerity. Dick and Tom had been children together. They had never been really separated till now. Poor Dick returned out of the hail-storm of bullets, with his mas- ter's wounded horse, to a silent and desolate headquarters (for General Kemper and his entire staff were dead or wounded on the field). He was noticed, on the return march into Virginia, often in tears, riding the unwounded horse and leading the wounded one ; both of which he brought home, in about a year, to the family, with whom he continued, mourning his companion and master, to the day of his own death. iscs.] THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 445 WILLIAM FAUNTLEROY COCKE, Lieuteuant, Company E, 18th Virginia Infantry. The name of Edmund Randolph is a historic one, so intimately linked with the early fortunes of the ancient Colony and Com- mouNvealth of Virginia, that the life of the one is in a measure the history of the other. He who was the friend and adviser of Washington, the framer in part of the Constitution of the United States, Secretary of State under the first President, Governor of Virginia in that chivalrous period when birth, statesmanship, elegant accomplishments, and " the grand old name of gentleman," were the necessary and required concomitants of holding the honorable office, must have been a man who would naturally impress some of his marked characteristics on those who most immediately surrounded him, especially the members of his own family. Among his children none perhaps inherited so predominantly her father's mental qualities as his daughter Edmonia Madison, who became early in life the wife of Thomas L. Preston, Esq. Left a widow after a few years of rare domestic blessedness, Mrs. Preston exercised a controlling influence in every sphere in which she moved, by the strength and purity and singleness of her lofty religious life, by her wide, all-embracing sympathies, and her self-sacrificing philanthropy, A volume might be profitably filled with the good deeds and holy living of this saintly woman. Her moulding hand had no little to do, as we may well imagine, in giving shape and direction to the character of the beloved grand- son who grew up under her eye, and whose .name heads the present sketch. William Fauntleroy Cocke, the eldest child of William A. and Elizabeth Randolph Cocke, was born at the ancestral family seat of " Oakland," in Cumberland county, Virginia, August 26th, 1836. For over one hundred years the paternal estate, which had been on'o-inally deeded as a grant by George the Second to a remote an- cestor of the name, had descended from father to son, and the primeval oaks of his home had never overshadowed any but his own race and blood. Sitting as he did at the feet of his noble grandmother, and listening to her reminiscences of the men among 446 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [July, whom she had grown up (to name whom would be to call over the bede-roU of Virginia's proudest worthies), the boy could not fail to have his mind stirred with lofty enthusiasms and his heart fired with memories of those days when " there were giants in the land." It is to trace these influences that these early surroundings are referred to. It would be difficult to conceive of more elements entering into any childhood that could add to its freedom and happiness than combined to render William Cocke's everything that was desirable. His father was a high-minded, courteous gen- tleman, belonging to that extinct type of which but few specimens remain to us. He was a graduate of the College of William and Mary, Avith ample means and leisure; a stickler for all the imme- morial manners and customs of the ancient noblesse of the Old Dominion ; gentle, j udicious, tolerant; allowing the widest verge to his children consistent Avith that strict and perfect courtesy which was the law of his household. His mother inheriting the distinctive attributes that have given character to the families Avhose blood meets in her veins, brought tlie stimulus of her fer- vent nature, her eager enthusiasm, her vivid sensibilities, her im- measurable tenderness, to brighten and animate and give piquancy to the childhood of her boys. The Oakland plantation overflowed with old family servants whose grandsires and great-grandsires had never known any other masters than the ancestors of the present proprietors ; so that as complete a realization of the feudal character of the demesne of the ancient regime Avas to be found there as anywhere Avithin the borders of the old CommouAvealth. It Avas beautifub to see the gray-headed patriarch who had been the nurse or playfellow of the father or grandfather of the subject of our sketch, looking up to the young master Avith such love, veneration, and trust as never- more Avill meet the eyes of this or any other generation. William Avas reared and received all his elementary education at home, under the best tutors his careful parents could procure. He thus escaped the dangers and trials incident to the public school, and retained in consequence that freshness and purity and unaffected simplicity Avhich characterized him throughout life. This home education, it must be premised, did not induce any compromise or abatement of the hearty, strong, ingenuous out- goings of the most thorough boy-nature. No English lad ever grew up in the fuller exercise of all the athletic sports and occu- 1803] THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 447 pations and accomplishments of the country gentleman. He was the boldest of riders and the best of shots. The rifle was the plaything of his childhood ; horses, dogs, guns, and fishing-rods, divided his hours with Virgil and Xenophon, Euclid and quad- ratics. The fine effect of this free, untranimeled liberty of range and occupation, was manifested in his thoroughly developed physique. He was declared to be the strongest man among his five hundred compeers at the University of Virginia, and proofs are adduced of his endurance and feats of streno-th that border upon the marvellous. At fifteen he was sufficiently advanced in his studies to enter Washington College as a student; consequently he went to Lexing- ton, Virginia, in 1852, and for the four following years was an inmate in the family of his uncle. Colonel J. T. L. Preston. All the amiable, generous, high-minded qualities which stamped the character of the boy under the eye of his parents and the hand of his tutors at Oakland, developed into fuller flower when he was transferred to the wider and more maturing sphere of college life. The tenderest })artiality could scarcely overstep the truth in de- lineating his daily walk and bearing as it presented itself to the observation of those around him. That exquisite consider ateness which gave emphasis to even his more trivial actions — that habit which St. Paul commends of " esteeming others better than " him- self — that utter self-forgetfulness so unpeculiar to the young — that deference and docility — each and all combined to make up a character in which it would have been hard for the most envious to pick a flaw. Not a child even in his uncle's family could recall a harsh or unccurteous expression ; not a servant ever heard a rude word from William's lips. No college companion could jjoint to any act of injustice or impropriety or ordinary thought- lessness calculated in the slightest degree to wound, during his four years of residence. No Professor had ever occasion to chide for any failure in duty. Absolute conscientiousness seemed to be the rule of all his conduct. And withal, he was just as light- hearted, genial, responsive, and free from the affectation of prema- ture goodness, as the veriest madcap that ever trod college halls. He had a native love for books ; and acquisition was so easy to him that no amount or variety of studies seemed to burden him. His specialty, however, was for classic literature ; and he here laid the foundation of that fine and thorough scholarship which was the distinguishing feature of his after-years. 4-18 THE U]S'IVEESITY MEMORIAL. [July. Just at the close of his academic course, A\4illiam had the mis- fortune to lose his excellent father. Indeed, he •was summoned from Coniraenceraent — on which occasion one of the gold medals was awarded hi.ra by the Faculty of the College for distinguished attainment — by the tidings of his father's illness and death. He returned at once to Oakland; and from that time, as the oldest son (though only nineteen), a weight of duties and responsibilities devolved upon him such as few of his years are called on to sustain. In October, 1855, William Cocke became a student at the University of Virginia, applying himself with his usual assiduity to his favorite studies, and with such success that in June, 1857, he graduated in four departments. After his graduation he went back to Oakland, and gave himself conscientiously and steadily to his duties on liis plantation, involving as they did an immense amount of personal oversight and executive skill. Yet while regulating and guiding wisely and judiciously his realm of domestic dependents — overlooking aged and infirm servants, prescribing for and kindly visiting the sick in their "quarters," seeing that women and children had all necessary wants supplied, directing overseers, and helping to dispense the most prodigal hospitality to hosts of summer guests — his con- trolling tastes, nevertheless, could not be repressed. Like the sunken Arethusa, they wrought for themselves an outlet in their own island of rest, into which the impertinences of "murk and moil " might not thrust themselves. He never mounted his horse for his daily rounds without some classic author in his coat-pocket, and his well-worn copy of Horace attested his innate love for the owner of the Sabine farm, whose agricultural notes, written on the borders of the Digentia, had certainly a charm for him above and beyond any modern farming journals. Many amusing incidents are remembered of this growing ab- sorption in Roman and Greek studies. So utter was his absence of pedantry that it was rather a matter to call up a flush over his clear face when, by accident, the darling volumes were discovered in his pocket, or some mischievous eye, "peering over his shoul- der," found him wrapped into abstraction over the Medea instead of the last novel of Ivingsley or Thackeray. It was pure love of literature for its own sake that made him oblivious, many a time, of the fiict that his man of business was waiting witliout, or his 1S03.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 433 rigid disciplinarians in the service. It was well understood that his aiFection for liis nephew would by no means cause him to over- look the slightest delinquency. Yet Lieutenant Joxes entered so heartily and conscientiously into the discharge of tiie smallest details of his duties, that he soon Avon from the rigid old West Pointer the testimonial, " He is one of the very best staff officers in this arnay." At the same time he won the respect and admira- tion of the officers and men of the brigade by his gallant bearing on the field, and courteous though rigid discharge of duty in camp and on the march. He acted with such conspicuous gallantry at the capture of Winchester and during the first day's battle of Gettysburg as to attract the notice and remark not only of his immediate comman- ders, but of the veteran Ewell himself. In the second day's battle at Gettysburg, he was shot through the mouth while leading a charge on the heights and when within a few feet of the Federal works, which the men pressed on and occupied. About the same time. General Jones, who was rallying another part of the brigade, received a severe wound in the leg. They were carried back to Winchester in the same ambulance, barely escaping capture by Federal cavalry. Lieutenant Joxes reached home, and lay for several weeks in a very critical condition ; but then began to improve, until his friends were hopeful of his speedy recovery. He at once grew impatient to return to his post. He purchased a new horse, had all of his equipments made ready, and was insisting that he should be able to join his brigade within ten days, when he was suddenly taken with violent haemorrhages from the lungs, and tliree days after breathed his last. He was perfectly conscious that his end was at hand, expressed his entire willingness to die if it was God's will that he should do so, and said that his hope of salvation was in Christ alone. The day of liis death, a friend read to him the 14th chapter of John, and at its conclusion he said, with a sweet smile, " I always loved those words. That chapter was a great favorite with my dear mother, and she used frequently to read it to me M'hen I was a boy. I know its meaning now. Yes ! and I will soon meet her and dear Ed. too, in one of tliose bright mansions whicli Jesus went to prepare for us." Thus, on the 2(1 day of September, 1863, Francis Pexdlkton Jones passed from the earth. 28 434 TITE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [July, As his comrades along the Rapidan were* marcliing out to a "grand review," this young soldier lay ready for his burial, dressed in the gray uniform which in life he had never disgraced, and which in death was his most fitting covering. His body sleeps in the cemetery of the church of his choice, beside the brother who fell at Cold Harbor, and the doting mother who was as verily a victim of the war as though shot through the heart; but his pure spirit dwells in that heavenly home where " war's rude alarms " are never heard and death never enters. In reference to the character of this young man, the Captain of his old company says that he "was in the highest sense a gentleman, a soldier, and a Christian." Generals A. P. Hill, Ewoll, and other officers spoke of him in the highest terms. General J. A. Walker pays him the following tribute — "Although my acquaintance with F. P. Jones, of Company D, 13th Virginia Infantry, was not very intimate, I remember him very well and very distinctly. A bright, manly boy who marched forth at the first call to arms, and who fought gallantly and bravely on every field ; enduring hard- ships and privations without a murmur; preserving with spotJess purity the innocent freshness of a young and guileless heart amid the temptations of camp ; and finally laying down his life for the good cause. "Such is the brief history of this young man, and it affords his old Colonel pleasure to bear testimony to his gallantry and good conduct as a soldier, and to his pure and spotless character as a man." His pastor thus writes : — " Of fine talents, gentle manners, and affectionate disposition, he became endeared to a wide circle of friends, and gave rich promise of usefulness ; wliile over all his natural excellence was shed the mellow light of the religion of Jesus." Among our " Fallen Alumni " there are more distinguished names, but no more devoted son of our Alma Mater, no truer patriot, than Feancis Pendleton Jones. 18631 THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 435 GEORGE H. GUIGER, Captain, and A. D. C. to General Kemper. George Henry Guiger, youngest son of George and Susan Guiger, was born in Staunton, Virginia, May 28, 1826. His family was of German extraction, and came originally from Penn- sylvania to Virginia. His mother dying a few days after his birth, George was bequeathed to his aunt, Mrs. Tapp, who, upon her marriage with Peter Merriwether, Esq., of Albemarle, removed to that county to reside. In 1844 he became a pupil of Mr. Pike Powers at Staunton, and was prepared by that gentleman for entering college. In 1846 he matriculated at the University of Virginia, where, with a view to the profession of a farmer, he devoted him- self chiefly to the study of the physical sciences. After a single session there he entered at once upon the duties of life, and under the tutelage of one of Virginia's most intelligent farmers, Mr. Richard Gambill, of Albemarle, he soon became a very successful planter. At the first call to arms in 1861, Mr. Guiger entered the army as 3d Lieutenant in the "Albemarle Light Horse" — Captain Eugene Davis — one of the first companies organized and sent to the front from that county. At the reorganization in 1862, he was advanced to the position of 1st Lieutenant of the Light Horse, but he served as such only for a short time in consequence of an appointment on the staff of Brigadier-General James L. Kemper as A. D. C., with the rank of Captain. As aide to General Kemper he was a faithful and efficient officer, and con- tinued to serve in this capacity until he received his death-wound at Gettysburg. The grand charge of Pickett's Division upon the Federal posi- tion on the heights of Gettysburg cannot fail to win admiration wherever the great qualities of men are truly appreciated. The immortality which it achieved in the annals of history on the 3d day of July, 1863, belongs alike to all the Virginians whose heroism made it a great deed. The division was composed of Kemj)cr's, Garnett's, and Armistead's brigades, and numbered less than five thousand men. Heth's Division, commanded by Pettigrew, were to support them, while the brigade of Wilcox 436 THE UXIVEESITY MEMORIAL. [jiiiy. should cover their right flank during their advance. The line was formed, and " Pickett moved forward across the open plain in front of the enemy's works : Kemper's and Garnett's brigades Avere in front, with Armistead following close behind. Pettigrew Avas moving on the left, and Wilcox Avitli his troops in columns of battalions following on the right. As steadily as if marching on parade the columns advanced, and M^hen they reached the Em- mitsburg road the Confederate batteries became silent, as they could no longer fire safely over the heads of the advancing infantry. The enemy greeted their approach with terrific dis- charges of grape and canister, before which the Confederates Ment down by scores. Still the line pressed on, winning the admiration of even its foes by the magnificence of its advance. Suddenly, when the crest was almost reached, the hill blazed with the fire of the Federal infantry, and Pettigrew's Division, in spite of the efforts of its gallant commander to rally it, broke in dismay and fled from the field, leaving two thousand prisoners and fifteen standards in the hands of the Union army. " But the A^irginians pressed on, led by their heroic commander, with his long hair waving in the breeze, and his sword pointing straight on to the enemy. " ' Steady they step adown the slope, Steady they climb the hill, Steady they load, steady they fire, Marching right onward still — " while the iron hail-storm sweeping through their ranks, strewed the earth with their dead and dying. There was no wavering among them, for they Avere fighting for the honor of the Old Dominion. The gaps in their line were closed up as fast as made, and with wild cheers they gained the crest, drove the Federals from the works, and amid the gloom and smoke General Lee saw through his glass the blue flag of Virginia waving from the crest of Cemetery Ridge. " The triumph was dearly won, and was as brief as it was glorious. The enemy rallied on their second line, and poured a withering fire into the captured works now held by the Virginians. Glancing around to look for his supports, Pickett found that he was alone, that Pettigrew's men had fled and left him to his fate. His grand charge had been in vain. Every brigade commander, and all but one field officer, had fallen, and it was by a miracle 1863.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 437 only that General Pickett himself had escaped. The enemy were rapidly thinning his ranks, and it was vain to attempt to hold tlie works. All that courage could do had been done, and it remained but to save the remnant of the Division. Reluctantly he gave the order to fall back, and the command retired slowly and sullenly over the ground it had immortalized. " General Wilcox, who had failed to move far enough during Pickett's advance, now attempted to carry the heights, but his gallant and rash assault was repulsed." Thus graphically has McCabe, in his Life of General Lee, de- picted the heroism of five thousand men, nearly thirty-five hun- dred of whom returned not from the charge. Of the three brigade commanders Kemper only survived it, and he Avas severely ■wounded and made a prisoner. His aide. Captain Guiger, who had had his horse shot down under him in the charge, was also mor- tally wounded in the retreat and fell into the hands of the enemy. He was removed to the hospital at Gettysburg, where, after linger- ing in great pain for two weeks, he died July 17, 1863, at the age of thirty-seven. As a soldier, Captain Gukjer was fearless; as an officer, ener- getic and systematic. Exacting of others under him the military discipline which he himself so strictly adhered to, he at the same time won by his impartial bearing their respect and esteem. His genial disposition made him a most agreeable companion, and whether in camj) or at home, he manifested the same hospitable spirit. Though not a Christian by profession, his respect for Christianity was marked. His last moments were full of peace, giving hope to his friends. His body rests now beneath the sod at his old home in Albe- marle, and beside those he loved in his life and honored in liis death. THOMAS GORDON POLLOCK, Adjutant, and Inspector-General, Kemper's Brigade. Thomas Gordon Pollock was born in the city of Richmond, 27th of September, 1838, his father, A. D. Pollock, at that 43S THE UNIVEKSITY MEMORIAL. ^j,,;^ time being the pastor of the Presbyterian Church on Shockoe Hill. His grandfather was Judge Thomas Pollock, of Ligonier Valley, in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania. His great-grand- father, James Pollock, Esq., -was an emigrant from Ireland, and a son of Dr. Thomas Pollock, Senior, of Coleraine, in the province of Ulster. His paternal grandmother was a daughter of Abram Hendricks, Esq., of Ligonier Valley, and sister of Governor Wil- liam Hendricks, of Indiana, and aunt of Hon. Thomas A. Hen- dricks. The family name in France, ages ago, was Henri. In Germany (one takes it for granted they were Huguenots) it became Heinrich, and in Holland, and then in these States, Hendricks. His mother is a daughter of Charles Lee, who, while a young man, was Attorney-General of the United States under Washing- ton and the elder Adams; and whose elder brother. General Henry Lee, became Governor of Virginia, and was the father of Robert E. Lee. His maternal grandmother was si-ster of Judge John Scott, of Fauquier, father of Robert E. Scott. These were descendants by a maternal line from Professor Thomas Gordon, of Aberdeen, an author and a man of note in his day and country. The subject of this sketch was five years old when his parents removed from Richmond to Leeton Forest estate, near Warrcnton, in Fauquier county, Virginia. After receiving a preparatory education at home, and then in Wilmington, Delaware, he spent a year at Yale College, and then four years with distinction in the University of Virginia — two in the Academic and two in the Law Department. He also read law in the office of his kinsman, Robert E, Scott, of Fauquier; and in the beginning of 1860, commenced the practice of law in Warrenton. In the fall of 1860, young Pollock was induced to remove to Shreve2>ort, Louisiana, where, after mastering in three months the Louisiana code in the French language, he became the law-partner of L. Marks, Esq. (Colonel Mark.s, of the army, also fallen in battle), and was in full practice at once. The winter and spring of 1861 brought on the war. The entire Shreveport bar became soldiers. Their company was the Shreve- port Grays. Thomas Gordon Pollock, in his twenty-third year, having given his attention vigorously to tactics, was their principal drill-sergeant. The company was marched in April to New Orleans, and thence to Pensacola, and formed pai"t of the investing force before Fort Pickens, under General Braxton Bragg. 1863.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 439 III June, '61, the investment of Fort Pickens was abandoned. Bradford's Brigade (the Shreveport Grays belonging thereto) was ordered to Richmond. At Richmond Sergeant Pollock was tendered a Captain's o-ommission ; and with tlie assistance of young gentlemen of his acquaintance, raised a company for Wise's Legion, and repaired, under orders, to Lewisburg, and thence to Sewell's INIountain, the Hawk's Nest, New River, and the Gauley. With his James River Rifles, he was at one time ordered into Braxton county, alone, on an out-look and recruiting expedition. It is saying something that they did not get captured, for the Yankees Avere in force north of the Gauley and Kanawha. The Legion was eager for a battle, but could not get one — only a few skir- mishes in the wilds of the mountain road. Cox's men always con- senting to get out of the way. . Colonel Starke, of Louisiana, commanded the regiment to which the James River Rifles belonged. He was a dear, fast friend of Captain Pollock, as they had known each other in the South- west. At one time a vacancy occurred, and a Major had to be appointed. The officers of the regiment united in proposing Cap- tain Pollock to the War Department to fill that office, and Col- onel Starke became the bearer of the recommendation ; but before Colonel Starke could get to Richmond, the office was filled. When autumn winds and frosts and snows began to come, it was terrible in the Alleghanies. Pneumonia came in the wake of measles, and made the wintry future as gloomy as can be well imagined. INIilitary glory, out in that mountain West, was a " Will o' the wisp." They could not overtake it. Tiiere was bravery enough, doubtless, in Camp Dogwood and Camp Defiance ; but what could it amount to ? At length, about 9 o'clock one night, Co]onel Starke came from brigade headquarters with news. It was an order to move at daybreak, and march to Bowling Green, Kentucky, and report to General Albert Sidney Johnston. Then good-bye at last to West Virginia ! Captain Pollock felt as if he could write a critique on the West Virginia policy and management of tiie war. But that was not his business. And what if it had been? He could not get paper to write a letter home to his parents — could only tear a leaf out of his note-book and send it. The brigade marched seventy miles to the railroad, on its way to Kentucky. There it met a counter-order, commanding it to 440 THE UNTVEESITY MEMORIAL. [July, repair to Charleston, South Carolina, and report to General Robert E. Lee. This was a kind providence, no doabt. It kept these boys out of that slaughter-pen at Fort Donelson, and gave thera the advantao;e of a bland climate in which to recover from their bronchial and pulmonary maladies. Pollock was a nurse among his men at Charleston and Pocotaligo, assiduous, skilful, and sym- pathizing. And the like of that is nearly all that can be said, or at least that need be said, of that winter, and till the spring of 1862. While McClcllan was before Yorktown, on his peninsular way to Richmond, the forces from South Carolina arrived in Virginia. At the reorganization of the army. Captain Pollock shared tha fate of many of the finest officers in the service; he was not re- elected. But Colonel Starke having been promoted to the command of a brigade, invited him to become his aide; and as the vote of his company had left him at liberty to indulge his inclination, he accepted the invitation. In this position he went through the battles before Richmond, receiving no wound — only a musket ball through his clothing, in and out, slightly abrading the skin im- mediately over his heart. During two days of those battles, as the writer has been told, he was detailed to tiie temporary com- mand of a regiment that had lost its field officers. His letter home after McClellan's escape is itself a beautiful array report. The miasmatic air of the Chickahominy having penetrated his system, he was allowed to retire to Charlottesville for medical treatment. But the guns of Slaughter's Mountain seeemed to cure him. He was not in time for that fight, but was in place for the forced march round Pope's army to Manassas. General Starke's brigade was in the warmest work of Jackson's corps on Thursday and Friday and Saturday of the Second Manassas. The aides had to come and go in the heaviest of the leaden storm. Captain Pollock's horse was killed under him, and his clothing pierced with a musket ball, but his person was uninjured. His military conception of the whole idea of that battle and of its leading details is expressed with great brevity and admirable clearness, illustrated, as all his letters were on such occasions, with miniature diagrams of the localities of each decisive collision. He was also in the Monday's fight below Centreville, at Ox Hill, and accompanied the army into Maryland. At Frederick City two Maryland gentlemen offered their ser- vices to General Starke as volunteer aides. Thereupon the ros] THE UNIVERSITY MEAIOEIAL. 441 General offered Captain Pollock a furlougli to make a hasty visit home. Dnring his absence General Starke was killed at the battle of Sharpsbnrg, and he lost his position thereby. His return, however, from his furlough to the army was in time to enable him to take part in the affair at the Potomac crossing below Shepherdstown, where the command by courtesy was given him of a regiment whose officers no doubt had been killed at Sharpsburg. He would then have returned to the ranks, but was prevented from doing this by a solicitation from General Lee's staff. Colonel Cawley, Quartermaster-General, offered him the position of As- sistant, and General Lee himself was kind enough to give him a most flattering recommendation to the War Department for that position, to which, on giving the requisite bond, he was appointed accordingly. This station he occupied from the middle of Sep- tember, 1862, till the battle of Fredericksburg, 13th December. The opportunity was an admirable one for accurately studying at army headquarters the history of the campaign from its opening at Yorktown till its close at Sharpsburg. His intimacy with the Adjutant-General enabled him in his letter home to speak of the campaign as follows : — " The Array of Northern A'^irginia has, upon a careful and certainly a moderate estimate, put hors de combat ninety-seven thousand of the enemy (97,000). It has captured a hundred and fifty cannon (150), and eighty thou- sand small arms (80,000). It has fought seventeen (17) pitched battles, suffering no defeat. It has destroyed or captured stores of the enemy to be estimated at tens of millions, and it is now ready to defend Virginia against the new levies of the invaders with far better chances of success than it began the campaign with at Wil- liamsburg. And for the present the campaign has ended in the retirement of the entire Federal forces into, their works around Washington, defeated and demoralized. These results extend from Williamsburg to Sharpsburg. They have been accomplished by a single army, unrecruited, greatly inferior to its adversaries in numbers, and Avanting in every particular of equipment and fur- niture which had been held essential to the success or even to the existance of an army in the field." Tlirough the fall months of September, October, November, Captain Pollock was employed at headquarters, in the Pay Department. His business intercourse was with officers of rank in the same department at Winchester, at Staunton, at Kick- 442 THE UNIVEESITY MEAIOEIAL. [July. mond. His opportunities were the best for studying subjects of administration, as belonging to the interests and relations and prospects of the Avar. Those subjects Avere serious at that time, but as yet full of suggestions of hope as well as of fear. He was now a bonded officer of the army, and might have availed himself of the comparative safety to person which his position would have allowed him during the remainder of the war. He was, however, not satisfied. There were others, and enough of them he thought, as capable as he for such duties as these. He had given himself at the beginning to the war proper, and felt that in some capacity or other his duties were in the field. General James L. Kemper, who had known Captain Pollock intimately before the war, had invited liim to a position on his staff. The attraction of former acquaintance, in times so serious, was mutual. The invitation was repeated and pressed. Of course it was on Captain Pollock's mind during the period of his Quar- termaster duties. When the guns of Fredericksburg began boom- ing to the battle, he could resist no longer, but repaired to General Lee's headquarters, and had himself detailed to General Kemper's staff; and thence to brigade headquarters, where he Avas at once inducted as Inspector-General of the brigade. General Kemper's brigade was of Longstreet's coi'ps. Its position AA^as in rear of the town — the array centre. Through the forenoon of the day, the battle Avas on the Confederate right, under Jackson. For miles below the town it occupied the broad low grounds of the river. The centre Avas resting on its arms. For hours Captain Pollock sat on his horse, on a tall bluff of the heights that commanded tlie scene. His cool military eye read it like a diorama. He could see the effect of the eiiemy's every order to adA'^ance, and he could but admire the precision AA'ith Avhich the order Avas executed. Then he could see the effect of every round from the hedge breast-Avorks, the pause in the advance, the stagger, the recoil, and the pell-mell disorder. He could recognize the field-officers riding into the confused mass of soldiery, firing their pistols and vociferating their orders to re-f )rm the ranks. Three times in succession he witnessed, as a mere spectator, this exciting alternation of advance and repulse, all unconscious of how the forenoon hours were gliding away. At last the repulse was decisive. With this result, at about two o'clock, came the order for battle at the centre. The remainder of the day Avas less 18G3.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 443 pliotograpliic in its occurrences, but it ended with victory to the defenders of the bleeding South, Many a noble Soutlicrn soldier saw his last of earth on that day. Captain Pollock's horse was wounded under him, slightly, in the knee ; he himself was unharmed. Captain Pollock was now in the active field-service again. Longstreet's corps (including Kemper's brigade) was during the winter ordered to Suffolk, and then, in the spring, to Kingston, in North Carolina. But there was no battle — only watching and skirmishing all the time. Longstreet's corps was unhurt by Chancellorsville. It was not there. It shared not in its glory. It only heard the guns from Taylorsville, and then hastened on to the invasion of Penn- sylvania that f(:)llowed. This was Captain Pollock's last long march, and Gettysburg was his last battle. The brigade passed almost within sight of his home. But war knows no indulgent sentimentalities. June weather was relaxing, and the long march was exhausting. But what of that ? The 28th of June was the Sabbath, and Longstreet was in camp near Chambersburg. Captain Pollock obtained a furlough, and dressed himself and rode into town and went to church. This was the habit of his life. One hopes it was a pure Gospel that was preached on that day and in that church, and by some pure- hearted messenger of the Lord Jesus. But of this we know nothing. That whole section of southern counties of Pennsylvania was alive with scenes of strategy and war preparation. Two of the most gigantic armies that ever trod the western side of the earth were manoeuvring for a bloody trial of strength. The Soutliern soldiers were confident, and calm in their confidence. They believed in General Lee. Captain Pollock said in his letter three days before his death, that their confidence in their leader was like his idea of faith. General Lee was a soldier, it may be, of the sublimest grade, an honor to his nation, whether that nation be " The Confederate States " or " The United States." But God at last does as it pleaseth Ilim, among armies or peoples, in earth or heaven. And He giveth no account of His matters. In the battle of Gettysburg, Longstreet's corps was the reserve. Theirs, then, was the heavy work of the 3d of July. The charge of Pickett's division has been already referred to. Before it was 444 THE UJS^IVEESITY MEMORIAL. [July, made, General Kemper, at the left wing of his brigade, conferred with his staff, and assigned to each member his duty. Last of all, he conferred with Captain Pollock alone, entrusting to him certain duties at the other end of the brigade line. General Kemper himself, immediately afterwards, was shot down, and Captain Pollock had gal lopped along the line to attend to the duty assigned him. The charge was in full career of its advance. The fire from the battery in front and flank was terrible. The brigade line, at some point, staggered, when Captain Pollock's words were heard for the last time: — "Boys, I trust you will all behave like Southern soldiers." His farther lot in the bloody affair is in great obscurity. Captain Lettellier, charging with his company, remembers him as he rode along the line. The men all noticed him, for they were all fond of him. In ten minutes the word passed back along the advancing line, " Captain Pollock is killed." A soldier of the 7th Virginia (Edward Yeager, of Culpcper) saw him fall from his horse. • He fell within ten steps of Yeager, and not as a wounded man falls, but like a dead man — clear of his horse. The commotion of tiie charge was at its utmost ; and the distance across the plain to the fortifications was yet con- siderable; the mortality was api)alling, and there was no time then to inquire or look after the fallen. The charge entered the first line of breastworks, but were not sustained, and could not hold them. The withdrawal was in utter confusion, in which no local- ities could be visited, and no killed or wounded identified and brought off. Captain Pollock's remains were not recognized or heard from at all. His faithful body-servant, Richard, since dead, was on the field at the time, determined to see the worst of it, anxious to follow his master into the enemy's hospital, if it might be so ; determined, at any rate and at all risk, to know what his fate was. But he was ordered back by an officer who seemed amazed at his temerity. Dick and Tom had been children together. They had never been really separated till now. Poor Dick returned out of the hail-storm of bullets, with his mas- ter's wounded horse, to a silent and desolate headquarters (for General Kemper and his entire staff were dead or wounded on the field). He was noticed, on the return march into Virginia, often in tears, riding the unwounded horse and leading the wounded one ; both of which he brought home, in about a year, to the family, with whom he continued, mourning his companion and master, to the day of his own death. iSiiS.] THE U^'IVEKSITY MEMORIAL. 445 WILLIAM FAUNTLEROY COCKE, Lieutenant, Company E, ISth Virginia Infantry. The name of Edmund Randolph is a historic one, so intimately linked with the early fortunes of the ancient Colony and Com- monwealth of Virginia, that the life of the one is in a measure the history of the other. He who was the friend and adviser of Washington, the framer in part of the Constitution of the United States, Secretary of State under the first President, Governor of Virginia in that chivalrous period when birth, statesmanship, elegant accomplishments, and " the grand old name of gentleman," were the necessary and required concomitants of holding the honorable office, must have been a man who would naturally impress some of his marked characteristics on those who most immediately surrounded him, especially the members of his own family. Among his children none perhaps inherited so predominantly her father's mental qualities as his daughter Edmonia Madison, who became early in life the wife of Thomas L. Preston, E?q. Left a widow after a few years of rare domestic blessedness, Mrs. Preston exercised a controlling influence in every sphere in which she moved, by the strength and purity and singleness of her lofty religious life, by her wide, all-embracing sympathies, and her self-sacrificing philanthropy. A volume might be profitably filled with the good deeds and holy living of this saintly woman. Her moulding hand had no little to do, as we may well imagine, in giving shape and direction to the character of the beloved grand- son who grew up under her eye, and whose name heads the present sketch. William Fauxtleroy Cocke, the eldest child of William A. and Elizabeth Randolph Cocke, was born at the ancestral family seat of " Oakland," in Cumberland county, Virginia, August 2Gth, 1836. For over one hundred years the paternal estate, which had been originally deeded as a grant by George the Second to a remote an- cestor of the name, had descended from father to son, and the primeval oaks of his home had never overshadowed any but his own race and blood. Sitting as he did at the feet of his noble grandmother, and listening to her reminiscences of the men among 446 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [July, whom she had grown up (to name whom would be to call over the bedc'-roU of Virginia's proudest worthies), the boy could not fail to have his mind stirred with lofty enthusiasms and his heart fired with memories of those days Avhen " there were giants in the land." It is to trace these influences that these early surroundings are referred to. It would be difficult to conceive of more elements entering into any childhood that could add to its freedom and happiness than combined to render William Cocke's everything that was desirable. His father was a high-minded, courteous gen- tleman, belonging to that extinct type of which but few specimens remain to us. He was a graduate of the College of William and Mary, with ample means and leisure; a stickler for all the imme- morial manners and customs of the ancient noblesse of the Old Dominion; gentle, judicious, tolerant ; allowing the widest verge to his children consistent with that strict and j^erfect courtesy which was the law of his household. His mother inheriting the distinctive attributes that have given character to the families whose blood meets in her veins, brought the stimulus of her fer- vent nature, her eager enthusiasm, her vivid sensibilities, her im- measurable tenderness, to brighten and animate and give piquancy to the childhood of her boys. The Oakland plantation overflowed with old family servants whose grandsires and great-grandsires had never known any other masters than the ancestors of the present proprietors ; so that as complete a realization of the feudal character of the demesne of the ancient regime Avas to be found there as anywhere within the borders of the old Commonwealth. It was beautiful to see the gray-headed patriarch who had been the nurse or playfellow of the fother or grandfather of the subject of our sketch, looking up to the young master with such love, veneration, and trust as never- more will meet the eyes of this or any other generation. AYiLLiAM was reared and received all his elementary education at home, under the best tutors his careful parents could procure. He thus escaped the dangers and trials incident to the public school, and retained in consequence that freshness and purity and unaffected simplicity which characterized him throughout life. This home education, it must be premised, did not induce any compromise or abatement of the hearty, strong, ingenuous out- goings of the most thorough boy-nature. No English lad ever grew up in the fuller exercise of all the athletic sports and occu- 1863] THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. 447 pations and accomplishments of the country gentleman. He was the boldest of riders and the best of shots. The rifle was the plaything of his childhood; horses, dogs, guns, and fishing-rods, divided his hours with Virgil and Xenophon, Euclid and quad- ratics. The fine effect of tiiis free, untrammeled liberty of range and occupation, was manifested in his thoroughly developed physique. He Avas declared to be the strongest man among his five hundred compeers at the University of Virginia, and proofs are adduced of his endurance and feats of streno;th that border upon the marvellous. At fifteen lie was sufficiently advanced in his studies to enter Washington College as a student; consequently he went to Lexing- ton^ Virginia, in 1852, and for the four following years was an inmate in the family of his uncle, Colonel J. T. L. Preston. All the amiable, generous, high-minded qualities which stamped the character of the boy under the eye of his parents and the hand of his tutors at Oakland, developed into fuller flower when he was transferred to the wider and more maturing sphere of college life. The tenderest partiality could scarcely overstep the truth in de-. lineating his daily walk and bearing as it presented itself to the observation of those around him. That exquisite consider ateness which gave emphasis to even his more trivial actions — that habit which St. Paul commends of " esteeming others better than " him- self — that utter self-forgetfulness so unpeculi^r to the young — • that deference and docility — each and all combined to make up a character in which it would have been hard for the most envious to pick a flaw. Not a child even in his uncle's family could recall a harsh or unccurteous expression ; not a servant ever heard a rude word from William's lips. No college companion could 2)oint to any act of injustice or impropriety or ordinary thought- lessness calculated in the slightest degree to wound, during his four years of residence. No Professor had ever occasion to chide for any failure in duty. Absolute conscientiousness seemed to be the rule of all his conduct. And withal, he was just as light- hearted, genial, responsive, and free from the affectation of prema- ture goodness, as the veriest madcap that ever trod college halls. He had a native love for books; and acquisition Avas so easy to him that no amount or variety of studies seemed to burden him. His specialty, however, was for classic literature ; and he here laid tlie foundation of that fine and thorough scholarship which was the distinguisluMg feature of his after-years. 448 THE UKIVEESITY MEMOETAL. [July, Just at the close of his academic course, William had the mis- fortune to lose his excellent father. Indeed, he was summoned from Commencement — on which occasion one of the gold medals was awarded hi.m by the Faculty of the College for distinguished attainment — by the tidings of his father's illness and death. He returned at once to Oakland; and from that time, as the oldest son (though only nineteen), a weight of duties and responsibilities devolved ujion him such as few of his years are called on to sustain. In October, 1855, William Cocke became a student at the University of Virginia, applying himself with his usual assiduity to his favorite studies, and with such success that in June, 1857, he graduated in four departments. After his graduation he went back to Oakland, and gave himself conscientiously and steadily to his duties on his plantation, involving as they did an immense amount of personal oversight and executive skill. Yet while regulating and guiding wisely and judiciously his realm of domestic dependents — overlooking aged and infirm servants, prescribing for and kindly visiting the sick in their "quarters," seeing that women and children had all necessary wants supplied, directing overseers, and helping to dispense the most prodigal hospitality to hosts of summer guests — his con- trolling tastes, nevertheless, could not be repressed. Like the sunken Arethusa, they wrought for themselves an outlet in their own island of rest, into which the impertinences of " murk and moil " might not thrust themselves. He never mounted his horse for his daily rounds without some classic author in his coat-pocket, and his well-worn copy of Horace attested his innate love for the owner of the Sabine farm, whose agricultural notes, written on the borders of the Digentia, had certainly a charm for him above and beyond any modern farming journals. Many amusing incidents are remembered of this growing ab- sorption in Roman and Greek studies. So utter was his absence of pedantry that it was rather a matter to call up a flush over his clear face when, by accident, the darling volumes were discovered in his pocket, or some mischievous eye, "peering over his shoul- der," found him wrapped into abstraction over the Medea instead of the last novel of Kingsley or Thackeray. It was pure love of literature for its own sake that made him oblivious, many a time, of the fact that his man of business was waiting witliout, or his ISGC] THE UNTVEESITY MEMOEIAL. 449 foreman delaying for orders, or his blacksmith resting on his anvil. The seductions of the Odyssey could overpower the claims of tobacco plantations, the wit of Aristophanes render him deaf to " Uncle Ralph's " talk about the crops. It must not be inferred from this, however, that his ruling pas- sion made him neglectful of necessary business ; this would not be in accordance with the abnegation claimed for him, nor would it be true. Through no selfish persistence in his chosen pursuits did he allow the interests of the general establishment to flag. When duty demanded tiiat he should be abroad directing his schemes of improvement, he closed his books — it might be with a sigh, but he did close them. So far as is known, he had no professional career in view ; hence, in furnishing his mind thus richly, self-development and self-culture were for the j)resent his proposed ends. In this rapid, pressing, ungraceful age of ours, such a picture is so seldom met with, that we find ourselves lingering over it, perhaps too admiringly. William Cocke's life had been prescribed to him in a special manner by the circumstances in which he found himself as tlie owner of a large patrimony, the master of a very extensive com- munity of slaves, and the head of his father's house. He had no choice but to accept the burden which such possessions imposed. Cloistered study; life withdrawn amid the seclusion of books, a])art from the jars and roughnesses of daily contact with irrespon- sive natures; the delight of "mousing at choice among antique libraries, and finding the oldest volume there more attractive and suggestive than the newest of the new" — this would probably have been the bent of his inclinations ; but he did not thus indulge himself. It may be noted here that the one fault of his character — if indeed we dare designate what is so rare by any other name than a virtue — was the want of a proper assertion of his own powers. He asked nothing for himself; he always stepped back and allowed who would to press by him or push him into the shade, seem- ingly unconscious of what was due to such high intellectual qualities as he possessed. The world is ready enough to take us at our own estimate without the trouble of fartiier inquiry. Had William Cocke lived to work out his life to its final and crown- ing result, distinction would have been thrust on him — if it came, 29 450 THE UA'IVEESITY MEMORIAL. [j,.:^., as it deserved to come ; for never would his perfectly disin- terested nature have thought of seeking it for himself. He possessed a marvellous charm of temper that " keyed him on so high a pitch " that few could thoroughly comprehend the variety and sweetness of it. He was one who would have been selected among a thousand as holding within himself the essence of all comfortableness. In this world of worry, Nvhat quality can be half so attractive ? Yet underlying this quiet self-consciousness, this passionless serenity, this inviolate gentleness, was an intellect keen, strong, comprehensive ; a will resolute and steadfast, and where prin- ciple was involved, inexorable in its quick decisions ; a culture refined, scholarly, profound ; emotions, how Avarm, pure, and per- vading, only those could have a hint of who were near enough to be allowed now and then a glimpse into the inner heart. At the breaking out of the war, our young scholar did not hesitate a moment as to his course of procedure. Although no politician, his mind was clear as to the claims of his native State ujjon him ; and while it required a stout will to resist the demands of his burdensome home duties and cares, the celerity of his action proves that he did not stop to weigh consequences. He became a private in Company E, 18th Virginia Infantry, under Captain Carter Harrison, April 23d, 1861. Here, as elsewhere, he asked literally nothing for himself. He might have had office for the seeking, as became his social posi- tion ; but he was content to shoulder his musket and march abreast with men of the humblest grade of life. Landed proprietor or village blacksmith, it made no difference when all eyes were intent on one sole purpose — the defence of the soil that gave them birth. William Cocke's uncomplaining endurance of fatigue, work, and hardships of every kind, was beyond all praise. AVere it not that thousands of other brave men bore similar sufferings in the same spirit, we might be tempted to enlarge on this point. His life at Oakland had not been, one would suppose, the best school of discipline for a common soldier; yet never did a stauncher shoulder carry musket, never did unconscious courage demean itself more heroically on a battle-field, never were the trials of camp-life accepted and suffered with more unflinching acquiescence. He was one of the most untiring workers in the trenches ; and he let) 1.1 THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 4ol who had perhaps never handled a spade in his life, could distance the men about him who had lived by its use. His hopeful cheerfulness never forsook him, even amidst the utmost disaster or the most imminent perils. Amenity, cour.tesy, self-forgetfulness, were still the law of his life, as they had been in his own fair home. Sir Philip Sidney, when almost iu sight of Zutphen, where he laid down his chivalrous life for love of England and her Protestant cause, could write to Walsingham : — " I beseech you, let not my troubles trouble you. I had before cast my account of danger, want, and trial ; and before God, Sir, it is trew in mine hearte, the love of the cause doth so far over- balance them all, that with God's grace they shall never make me weary of my resolution. . . I think a wyse and constant man ought not to greeve whyle he doth plaie, as a man may say, his own part truly. . . . For me, I cannot promise of my own source, because I know there is a eyer power that must upholde me, or else I shall fall." The spirit of our young friend's letters was in nowise different or less devoted than that of Sir Philip. And speaking of letters reminds us to say, that in this branch of accomplishments William Cocke was preeminent. His airy and brilliant play of humor nowhere made itself so conspicuous as in his correspondence. Indeed, he was accustomed to charac- terize his conversation as " mental stuttering," so much readier was his pen than his tongue to do his mind's bidding. It pleased him better that his youngest brother, who was a Lieutenant in the same company, should in time become the Captain of that company than that the honor should have been conferred upon himself. At the battle of Williamsburg, May 5th, 1862, his regiment was ordered to retire, but owing to the heavy firing he did not hear the order and kept on, until looking around him he foundhimself surrounded by strange faces. He discovered afterwards that he was with the 11th Alabama ; but he remained nevertheless among his unexpected comrades, and fought with his usual intrepidity as long as the regiment remained on the field. He had the rim of his hat shot away in this battle, but it was only after the fight was over, on his attempting to draw his hat over his face, that he was made aware how near he had come to losing his head. It was on this occasion he marched all the way from Williamsburg to Richmond to rejoin his regiment barefooted — his boots having been torn from his feet iu the terrible experiences 452 THE UXIVEESITY MEMORIAL. [July, below Richmond. He described his suiferings from this cause as the most excruciating lie had been called to endure, inasmuch as there was not left upon the soles of his feet "a nail-breadth of skin" by the time he reached the end of his march, when he had to be sent at once to a hospital. In the second battle of IManassas, fought August 29th, 1862, AViLLTAM Cocke was wounded in the knee, and for several months was compelled to lie inactive at home. By November, however, he had so far recovered as to lay aside his crutch, and he made in that month a visit to the family of his uncle in Lexing- ton, prior to his intended return to his post. During the interval of his absence he had been elected Lieutenant of his company. He found a heavy shadow hanging over the household in Lex- ington. Already on that fatal field where he had received his own wound, his young cousin, William C. Preston, had laid down his life; and on the spot where he fell, was filling a soldier's grave. And now a younger brother who was preparing to take the fallen one's place in the ranks, was lying smitten down by mortal disease. Never can it be forgotten how the gallant soldier, still halting from his wound, insisted on lying night after night on a pallet beside the sick couch of the dying Randolph Preston, ever present and ever ready to help ; and when the sad blow fell, to sustain by his silent sympathy the hearts doubly desolated. It was during this visit that he made a public profession of re- ligion. Not that then and there he became a Christian, for such a life as his had long been, could only be modelled upon that of the Great Exemplar. The purest and most unworldly morality could never produce such fruits as those by which he was known. His brother, Captain Edmund R. Cocke, says in a letter now lying before the ■writer of these outlines, "William always carried in his coat- pocket, in camp and on battle-field, a small Greek Testament, in which he was seen constantly reading." With a hallowed memory (upon which it is almost sacrilegious for us to touch) his mother recalls the tender scene of his kneeling beside her at the altar-rails of the little parish church of St. James, to which the family at Oakland belonged, and with her partaking for the first and last time of the holy communion. The following letter from Captain Harrison to Captain Cocke, bears eloquent testimony to the worth and beauty of the character we are attempting to portray : — is(.;: ] THE UNIYEKSITY MEMORIAL. " My intimate acquaintance with your uoble brother ^YILLIAM dates from the commencement of the war, when I had the honor to command the company in which he served ; for it was an honor even to belong to that glorious army in which such men enlisted as privates. " His modest and retiring disposition rendered it necessary to know him long and well to projjerly appreciate his great worth, that rare union of literary and cultivated tastes with sturdy man- liness M'hich so remarkably characterized him. Over and above all this were the Christian faith and sense of duty wi)ich rounded and completed his character. These were daily illustrated in the cheerfulness and alacrity with which he discharged any duty assigned him by his military superior. I remember that soon after going into the service, he M^as detailed with a large party on fatigue duty, involving severe labor — a service at that time pecu- liarly obnoxious to men unused to labor, for the most part, and strangers to the requirements of military rule. The officer in command of the party, entirely unacquainted with your brother, remarked that ' If all the men worked like that man ' — pointing to him — 'the task would be quickly finished/ What an ex- ample to the rank and file of our volunteer army ! A man reared in wealth and luxury setting himself to work with such will and alacrity as to make himself conspicuous among his fellow-soldiers and call forth such commendation, doing ' with all his might what- soever his hand found to do' at the call of duty. " At the battle of Manassas, while charging the enemy, he be- thought him that his ammunition was expended ; and stopping over a dead soldier, he gathered from his Ijelt a handful of cart- ridges and transferred them to his own box with such quickness and dexterity as not to be thrown out of his place in the ranks — a remarkable instance of coolness in a young volunteer for the ^ first time under fire. When I related this to Colonel Ilobert Preston of the 28th, 'God bless the boy,' said the gallant old soldier. " You were not present on the night when we contemplated a surprise of the enemy's outposts near Washington. Our enter- prise was frustrated by the disaffection, insubordination, and cowardice of some of our officers. When the temper of the men had become such that it was thought necessary to call for volun- teers, comj)any by company, and to take only such as were willing 454 THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. LJuiy, to go ; at the call, three men from Company E stepped to my side without hesitation or a moment's deliberation ; one of the three was William Cocke. Any one who knew him would have counted on him at such a time ; he was always where duty called. " On the march, bivouac, outpost, fatigue duty, anywhere, he was cheerful, uncomplaining, patient, and obedient, never seeking or caring for promotion, but only solicitous to do well his part * in that station to which it pleased God to call him/ He was a noble pattern and example of the Christian soldier and gentleman; and so I ever found him to the close. It was not my fortune to be with him when his well-earned promotion came unsought, nor to be present on that day when his bright career was ended. But I am persuaded that as he lived, so he died ; that the faith which had sustained him in life did not fail him in death. Your friend and mine. Sergeant Jackson (now gone to his rest), a short time before his death, speaking of your brother in most touching and affecting terms, told me he was always associated in his memory Avith the little Greek Testament he loved so well and read so con- stantly. Could a comrade well give a nobler eulogy? Who would not say, 'Let me be thus remembered'?" When Lieutenant CocKE passed from under the bare branches of his ancestral oaks, that bleak January morning, 1863, it was to see them no more forever. Although still lame from liis wound, he persisted in returning to his post : this furlough, which the nursing of his wounded leg necessitated, was his last. In all the rapid, eager, deadly struggles of the next six months, he was a constant participator; marching, fighting, watching, he bore on with the same quenchless endurance and heroic fortitude, even to the end. As he passed with Lee's array through Frederick City, on its march to Pennsylvania, a young female friend — who in the happy days gone by had been accustomed for months together to share, with other joyous summer guests, the hospitalities of Lieutenant Cocke's beautiful home — stood upon the j)avement's edge, and with streaming tears of wonder and pride, gazed on him incredu- lously as he presented himself before her. It was not strange, that in the bronzed, roughened, hungry soldier, she could with difficulty find a trace of the gay companion of many a well- remembered gala-day of old. Alas for the ravages of death ! Both have passed away, to meet in that beautiful city whose streets are '' like a jasper stone, clear as crystal." 1863.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 455 The hurry and confusion, the fearul rapidity with which event trod upon the heels of event, in those after crowded weeks, prevent us from knowing much of tlie closing scenes of this fair and well wrought life, which did not quite reach twenty-eight years. On the fatal morning of July 3d, 1863, William Cocke stood facing the enemy's guns before Gettysburg, ready for that terrible onset wliich was to send a wail of agony through the entire land. " Never," writes Captain Cocke, " do I remember to have seen William more calm, quiet or collected, than he was on that morning, as I had my last siglit of him standing within seventy or eiglity feet of the enemy's breastworks." He had looked death too often and too steadily in the eye to quail now ; and we may feel well assured that if it had been announced to him then and there that the next volley was to be the messenger to summon him from the ghastly awfulness of the battle-field into the pure presence of God, not a muscle of that genial and pleasant coun- tenance would have quivered, not a pulsation of that steadfast heart quickened. He knew " in whom he had believed." We feel sure that the " little Greek Testament " was turned to for strength and solace in that hour of fearful crisis. " Let not your heart be troubled;" "where I am, there shall my servant be." " Whosoever believeth in Me shall never die." And thus com- forted and fortified, would he not hide in his bosom again the dear and well-used volume, and with a supreme faith, uncon- scious of fear, step gloriously forth to his doom ? All we can know is, that when the deadly onset was made, Lieu- tenant Cocke rushed upon the batteries : clouds of siuoke veiled the carnage that followed ; cannon belched their fire, the earth shook with the tread of contending armies, the grass grew sodden with blood ; and when the rage of battle ceased, and the broken bands fell back exhausted, William Cocke was not among them. No one had seen him fall, none could give any tidings of him. All who had closely surrounded him had doubtless sunk beneath the same charge ; and the silence that came back upon the souls of those who questioned of his fate, was the only answer. Right under the muzzles of the murderous guns, he had heard the Voice which said, " Come up hither." Captain Cocke was slightly wounded by a ball passing between his ear and his head, which grooved a course for itself in tlie flesh ; so narrow was the dividing-line between life and death ! Yet he 456 THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. " fju;y^ was instant in laborious search for the beloved, missing broLiicr : but it was all in vain ; " he saw him no more." We pass over the record of the six torturing months of sus- pense, in which it remained a question whether he might not be a helpless and wounded captive in some distant fort. We dwell not on the deferred hope that sickened and at length died utterly away j while the hearts that had nursed and clung to it, and kept it alive so long, sank down into silent and acquiescent sorrow. " None knoweth the place of his sepulchre until this day." Thus meagrely and with scant materials at hand, has the writer of this sketch endeavored to outline the character of William Fauntleroy Cocke, who, it will be allowed, belonged to that class of men *' Who, living, are but dimly guessed, But show their length in graves." WILLIAM THOMPSON HASKELL, Captain. Compariy A, 1st South Carolina Volunteers. In a volume of " Memoirs of men educated at the University of Virginia who lost their lives during the war," the omission of few names would leave a more inexcusable gap than that of the name of William T. Haskell. No name is invested with a more fragrant odor in the classic halls in which he was educated, and no more heroic blood consecrated the cause to which he gave his life. He was a man whose character and career were too elevated and noble to be surrendered, without an effort to preserve them, to the oblivion of the tomb. He was one of those who inherited the qualities which he illus- trated in his brief career. His Christian name, William Thomp- son, was that of his paternal great-grandfather, who is honorably mentioned in the following resolution of the First Congress of the United States : — "Philadelphia, July 20th, 1776. " In Congress, ''Resolved, That the thanks of the United States of America be given to Major-General Lee, Colonel William Moultrie, aud Col- 1863] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 457 onel William Thompson, and the officers and soldiers under their commands, who, on the 18th of June last, repulsed with so much valor the attack which was made on the State of South Carolina by the fleet and army of His Britannic Majesty." His mother was a daughter of the Hon. Langdon Cheves, one of the most prominent of the many distinguished statesmen of the past generation. In mind and heart, as in culture and accom- plishments, the worthy daughter of such a sire, she trained up, in all that adds nobility to noble natures, eight sons, of whom seven served with distinguished gallantry, and two consecrated with their life-blood the cause which they believed to be that of justice, patriotism, and honor. William Thompson, the third son of his parents, was born on his father's plantation, in Abbeville District, South Carolina, December 12th, 1837. With his brothers, he was educated by private tutors ; and never left his home — except once, on a visit to his grandfather, on Savannah river, in 1853 — until in October, 1854, he went to Charleston to complete hivS preparation for the South Carolina College. One would judge from his own subsequent representations and penitent recollections of his childhood, that it gave but little indi- cation of what he was afterwards to be ; except perhaps to one whose true maternal insight could penetrate the disguise of a rather unpromising exterior. He was the " disagreeable boy " of the family, irritating to his elders, overbearing to his juniors; whose hand was against every man, and every man's hand against him ; whose indomitable and domineering spirit no superior strength could subdue, and whose dogged tenacity of opinion or of purpose no superior wisdom or skill in argument could shake. He was, besides, comparatively speaking, the "dull boy" of the family, whose fate it was, not infrequently, to be put to shame by the su- perior quickness and diligence of those younger than himself. All this is perfectly intelligible to those who, knowing him afterwards, knew not whether most to admire the rare gifts and powers of his mind or the great qualities of his character. Neither his mind nor his character was of the kind to be. moulded by others. What he was to be he was to become more by a pro- cess of self-develojjment than by the action upon him of forces from without. And self-development is always slow ; too slow 458 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL.' [July, for the world which, in this quick age, finds it hard to wait on a man who is obliged to have thoughts of his own before he can talk, or principles of his own before he can act. i A very few months after beginning his studies in Charleston, he was seized by a dangerous and protracted illness, by which he lost nearly a year, and from which he had scarcely fully recovered, when, in October, 1856, he entered the University of Virginia. In consequence of the peculiar character of his mind, as well as from his long separation from books and his want of accurate training and preparation, he never became what would be called a successful student at the University. His slow and hesitating ut- terance was at first as mucii against him in conversation and in the Literary Society as his want of accurate scholarship and scientific training in the lecture room. His first effort in the University Magazine proved conclusively that he had never before essayed the powers of his pen. And yet, with all these disadvantages of nature and prepara- tion, no one was at all intimately associated with him without very soon feeling that there were within him undeveloped pqwers of mind and of character which, sooner or later, would make their mark. One by one the more intelligent students with whom he was thrown, recognized and acknowledged this. And, to their honor be it said, the Professors were scarcely slower to discover in the young man who stammered in his recitations and failed in his examinations, not only a nature of singular elevation and nobility, but intellectual gifts which, though not yet ready to find utterance, were of rare promise for the future. He spent four years at the University, and how much during that period he had overcome the natural and other disadvantages under which he labored, is evidenced by two facts. In the Jefferson Society, num- bering at that time nearly one hundred and fifty members, he was at the close of his last year one of the three prominent candidates for the gold medal awarded annually to the best debater. In the University Magazine his articles attracted more and more atte».tion for vigor and originality of thought, elevation of sentiment, and especially the most appreciative and discriminating power of literary criticism. A review of Bulwer's What Will He Do With It? received honorable mention, and was one of two or three articles which competed for the gold medal awarded by a commit- tee of the Professors to the best article of the year. But these 1863.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 459 things are as nothing in comparison with that ineffable impression which the man himself has left upon all those who knew him during these years of his University life. One who visits, even now,Charlottesvilleandits vicinity, will find the name of William Haskell enshrined in the memory of many who delight to recall the peculiar attractiveness of his mind and manner, which no one who came in contact with him can ever foro;et. There was an inde- scribable blending of ease and dignity, a modest self-respect, an unpretending self-possession and self-reliance, an "unconscious consciousness " of strength and worth, which it is as easy to recall to those who knew him as it is difficult to describe to those who did not. A College contemporary, who knew him only there, writes of him, " Haskell's character was one of the most beautiful I ever knew;" a judgment in few words, which is here confi- dently recorded as the unanimous sentiment of all who were as- sociated with him at this period of his life. In July, 1860, having received certificates of profi{3iency in Political Economy and Anglo-Saxon, and diplomas in the Latin aud Spanish languages and the schools of Moral Philosophy and History and Literature ; and having served the Society of which he was a member both as President and Editor of the Magazine, he bade farewell to the University, which he had learned to love as a second home, as only that dear old Alma Mater can be loved by her sons. He spent that summer at home and in rambling among the mountains with his brothers ; and in October took up his law-books. On the 20th December following. South Carolina seceded from the Federal Union, and a few weeks after, January 2d, 1861, he and his younger brother went to Charleston and entered the military service of the State. " From that moment," says one whose language will appear extravagant to the world, but scarcely so to those who knew him best — "from that moment his life was that of the most perfect Ciiristian hero that I have ever con- ceived." There was that in the heroic struggle of the next four years which was calculated to develop the matchless heroism of his nature — the heroism alike of action and of endurance, M'hich shines even more brightly in the midnight of disaster than in the noontide of victory and glory. For six months he served as a private in Colonel Gregg's 1st Regiment of Volunteers, on the sands of Sullivan's and Morris Islands, a.nd afterwards in Virginia. Tlie comrades who stood by his side in the ranks, in even those 460 THE UJs^IVEESIlT MEMOEIAL. rjyjy^ early and comparatively inglorious clays of the war, recall still, in the language of one of thera, " with what cheerfulness and alacrity, nay with what enthusiasm, he endured every privation and per- formed every duty. We all admired him as the model of every manly virtue, and were endeared to him by his kind, generous and self-sacrificing nature. We respected him, too, for his vig- orous, active intellect, enlarged by study and liberalized by culture; proposing to himself the highest models of excellence, and pre- paring by a proper development and exercise of all his powers to discharge his duty fully to God and his country." The regiment was enlisted for only six months, and on the 1st of July was disbanded. But the soldierly eye of Colonel Gregg had long since singled him out, and he at once commissioned him to raise a company for the new regiment which he proceeded to form under the same name — 1st South Carolina Volunteers. The re-or- ganization was completed in August. Captain Haskell found great difficulty in making np his comjiany in the short time allowed him, an almost stranger as he was in his own State after the four years' sojourn in Virginia. Colonel Gregg waited to the very last moment, and at last received him with barely the minimum number constituting a company — and that, perhaps, of tlie most hetero- geneous and unpromising material to be found at the time in our army. And yet this company became in his hands as conspicuous as any in the service for disci])line and efficiency. Indeed, he hud that rarest but truest quality of a good officer, that he ever distin- guished himself even more by what he made his men do than by wliat he did himself. Regardless of personal distinction and promotion, his eye was upon tliem, not upon himself; upon the work to be done, not upon the glory to be achieved. His principle M'as, ever to sacrifice himself to the service, never the service to himself. And so he was the same in whatever capacity he served, witli or without the recognition of his services or the ap[)roval of his superiors; whether he was honorably mentioned in the official report, as by the unanimous verdict of his brother officers he gen- erally deserved to be, or, as sometimes happened, his name was unaccountably omitted. He realized that he was fighting for his country, not for himself; and he knew, as few men did, how to forget himself for the cause. The company with which he entered Colonel Gregg's new reg- iment, if otherwise composed of unpromising material, had the 18C3] THE UlSIIVEKSTTY MEMOEIAL. 461 advantage of being admirably officered. But this advantage was of brief duration. In its first battle, that of Cold Harbor, firsl. Lieutenant John G. Barnwell was disabled by a wound, and " that most gallant and efficient officer and promising young cit- izen," Lieutenant Grimke Eliett, was lulled ; Lieutenant C. Pinckney Seabrook, a contemporary and friend of Captain Ha.skell at the University of Virginia, " after greatly distin- guishing himself on many fields, fell at Chancellorsville and yielded up his gentle and heroic spirit to the same holy cause to which his brother officers devoted theirs." Thus deprived of his officers and intimate friends, and with his company again and again decimated by the iron hail of war, he continued to gather up the fragments that remained after each battle ; and never relaxing his discipline in camp or losing enthusiasm in action, he failed not to distinguish his veterans and himself in every battle of the Army of Northern Virginia. It was in those hard and bloody campaigns, too fresh in the memory of all and too full of rapid detail to be even entered upon here, that the perfect man and the perfect soldier manifested themselves so that no one could mistake them. If he was great in the conspicuous qualities which such circumstances are calculated to develope, he was greater still in those rarer and grander qualities which only those who knew him intimately could properly estimate — in endurance, in unselfishness and in the most constant and consistent devotion to principle. He was as great in camp as in battle ; on the dusty march as in the glorious charge ; amid the gloom of despondency and doubt as in the hour of victory and hope. He was as heroic against heat and cold, and hunger and thirst and weariness, as ?.gainst the enemy. He could endure neglect or dis- appointment or failure as calmly and firmly asacharge of infimtry or the fire of artillery. And for a long time his life seemed charmed. His clothes were perforated by bullets, his cap was pierced directly in front, his sword was battered, but his person was unscathed. In 1863, in preparation for the invasion of Pennsylvania, the sharpshooters of the division were organized into a battalion, and Captain Haskell was selected to command it. On the 3d day of July following, at Gettysburg, he fell dead at its head, "while leading his men," says one, "with that serene courage and unselfish devotion which had characterized him through life." 462 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [-ju^y^ We have been kindly favored with the following extract from the unpublished report of Pender's Division In the battle of Get- tysburg : "During a successful charge made to drive the enemy from a road in front of Cemetery Hill, Captain William T. Haskell, 1st S.C. v., in charge of a select battalion of sharp shooters, received a M'ound from which he died in a few moments on the field. ' This brave and worthy young officer/ says Colonel Perrin in his official report of this transaction, ' fell while nobly walking along the front line of his command, encouraging his men and selecting favorable positions for them to defend. He was educated and accomplished, possessing in a high degree every virtuous quality of the true gentleman and Christian. He was an officer of most excellent judgment and a soldier of the coolest and most chivalrous daring.' " Colonel Perrin, whose tribute is given in this extract, was at the time in command of the brigade, and was made Brigadier-General for his conduct in this battle. No higher testimony could be given than that of this distinguished officer, who after a brilliant career, subsequently surrendered his own life in defence of his country. The following Is the conclusion of an obituary written soon after, by a superior officer of his own regiment : — " Captain Haskell, at the time of his death, was one of but three officers who had been through every engagement in which his regiment has participated, in none of which did he fail to distinguish himself. At Cold Harbor, Manassas, and Chancellorsville, his conduct was most strikingly conspicuous, "Such a character as Captain Haskell's deserves far more than the limits of such a notice as this allows. His was indeed no ordinary character. Would that fitter position had affiarded a larger sphere for the happy effiicts of its influence ! Fortunate indeed were those who had such an example before them — the example of a Christian soldier ! A courteous gentleman, a rigid disciplinarian, a careful observer, constantly attending to the wants and comfort of his men, a brave and heroic leader in battle, pre- judice against his discipline, at first new, misunderstood, and not appreciated, melted away before his conspicuous discharge of duty. He who would most rigidly enforce discipline, who knew no com- promise in the enforcement of orders, was found to be the first at the im-i.] THE UXIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 463 bedside of the sick, bringing Avith him into the dreary hospital the tenderness of a woman, and with a touch like hers softening the hard pallet to the sick or wounded. Requiring an implicit obedience to his own orders, he yielded a like obedience to the orders of his superiors. Sharing whatever hardships his men were called upon to endure, he repressed all murmuring by his cheerfulness under them. He had no rule for his men which did not apply to himself. Every action, every word, seemed to be measured by his duty to his God and his country. Hardships were to be borne cheerfully, not complained of. He lay in his single blanket in the snow and ate his simple ration with the same cheerfulness as if he were enjoying the luxuries of home. While carefully taking every precaution, he could bear no fore- boding of evil. " Of his conduct in battle no fitter description can be found than his own language, in writing of his friend. Lieutenant Seabrook, after his death : — '' He was a brave man — nobly brave ! brave as a man can be who has committed his soul to God and given his life to his country.' True words of himself. He too had com- mitted his soul to his God, and, in his readiness to meet his Saviour, death had no terrors for him. Whatever ties there were to life, he was ready to sacrifice them to his country. That life, which he had freely offered on so many battle-fields, was at last taken in the bloody battle of Gettysburg. The loss is his friends', his fellow-soldiers', his country's — the gain his own ! Few have served their country so well ; none, we trust, rest more happily from their labors." The same mail brought to Mrs. Haskell the intelligence of the death of Captains Langdon Cheves, Charles T. Haskell, and Wil- liam T. Haskell, a brother and two sons,- one in the vigor of maturity, the others in the prime of youthful manhood. " These men," in the language of a public journal, which, in this instance at least, gave utterance to the public sentiment — "these men were all of the stuff of wiiich heroes are made. They all did the duties of life with earnestness ; all died the death of martyrs in a cause to which they had devoted themselves without stint; and of each of them, it is no exaggeration to say, the anxious inquiry has gone forth, Who can fill his place ? " In November, 1866, the remains of AVilliam Thompson Haskell were raised from the field of Gettysburg by the hands 464 THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. [July, of his comrades and brought to his native town. At the depot they were met by the survivoi's of the old company with which he had originally entered the service, and escorted to the Episcopal Church, when, with solemn services and amid deep emotion, they were interred in the adjacent cemete.y. We have spoken of his rare gifts, of his heroic qualities, of his unselfish patriotism, and his devotion unto death. Let us add, in conclusion, that all these were animated by Christian principle and illuminated by Christian faith. The spirit of apostles, pro- phets, and martyrs, and of Him who is Head over all, had made its abode in him. A Divine Power had tempered into harmony and had exalted into lieroisra the natural qualities of the man. That Power has raised him to a glory infinitely transcending the glory of earthly success or human applause. JAMES RAWLINGS MAUPIN, Private, 2cl Richmond Howitzers. "Whatever may have been the division of sentiment in Virginia before the 15th of April, 1861, the call of President Lincoln upon her to furnish troops for the purpose of coercing other sister States united lier people in one patriotic mass ; and as the movement of the State then was the movement of her whole people, so was the costly sacrifice which she offered upon the altar of duty and devo- tion to right, made up of single jewels, gathered, with scarce an isolated exception, from every household in her borders. No rank in life was exempted, none shrank from the ordeal, and few indeed failed to pay a part of the costly and noble tribute. James Eawlings Maupin, eldest son of Professor Socrates Maupin and Mrs. Sally "Washington Maupin, of the University of Virginia, was born in Richmond on the 30th of January, 1843. He was not, therefore, eighteen years old when the lowmutterings of the coming storm began ; but young as he was, they fell with singular distinctness upon his boyish ear : and sprung from the same heroic blood that flowed through the veins of the great Vir- ginia hero of the eighteenth century, it Avas but meet that he should know, as it were by instinct, where duty and lienor called 1SU3.] THE UNTVEKSITY MEMORIAL. 465 him. None responded more quickly to the first call of the old Commonwealth, none maintained her cause with more manly courage or in a more unselfish spirit. Au instance of the quickness of this boy's discernment, and the distinctness with which he uttered what multitudes then doubted, has incidentally fallen under the writer's observation. In a letter written to an absent member of the same family circle, dated January 4th, 1861, occurs this passage : — " I suppose everything is very gloomy there, every one looking forward to a civil war and the hard times to come, for we are really going to have hard times, and when the war is once commenced there is no saying when it will end. . . . All the Northern States are in favor of coercion, and aj.'e making preparations for war ; so it is inevitable in two months." This sounds natural and obvious enough now, from our present standpoint ; but observe the date, and bear in mind that this letter was written by a boy not eighteen years old. Many older heads read the signs of the times with less of forecast. The very instincts of his manly nature taught him that the effort to coerce a free commonwealth, on the part of her colleagues, would and could only produce war. It was matter of impulse and feeling, not of philosophy, and hence the conclusion reached was like unto prophecy. Nor did he imbibe these opinions from the past associations of his boyhood's home. His father belonged to that large class of quiet, cultivated Virginia gentle- men Avho, while pursuing the even tenor of a literary and scien- tific life, kept aloof from the field of party politics, but who yet held and expressed clearly-defined views upon the current politics of the day. He had been from his early days a consistent Old Line Whig, regarding the Constitutional Union our fathers made as the palladium of our civil liberties. His son therefore had reached liis eighteenth year free fi'om the influence of those South- ern K:g:i:s Views, as tiiey were styled, erroneously supposed by some to have been universal in Virginia. Ke was sim2>ly a manly, high-spirited Virginia boy, and being himself i)art and parcel of the very core of Virginia's heart, he felt and knew that she would resist armed violence with all her force, no matter what the odds ao'ainst her. In his early childhood his constitution was too feeble for him to be confined as ordinary children, and thus until his tenth year he hal never been Kent to school, but was left wholly to gather 30 466 THE U?;iVEKSlTY ]\IEM0E1AL. ^j^^y^ sucli instruction from his mother as she thought it judicious to impose upon him. Those, however, who have been privileged to know what Virginia liomes and Virginia mothers have been in the past, and, thank God ! still are, will be slow to believe that the youtliful subject of this memoir lost much from this circum- stance. In 1853, his father removed from Richmond to the Uni- versity, and his son was j^laced in one of the schools in that vicinity, in which, down to his seventeenth year, he nmde the usual progress in the English branches and classics. In Septem- ber, 1859, he entered the excellent academy at Bloomfield, under the charge of INIessrs. Broun and Tebbs, and studied with tiiem one year. In October, 1860, he matriculated as a student of the University, entering the schools of Ancient and jNIodern Lan- guages and Mathematics, and his diligence and success were such as to satisfy the reasonable expectations of his friends. On the 15th of April, 18G1, the proclamation of President Lincoln calling out 75,000 troops tosup]>ress the ''rebellion," and requiring Virginia to furnish her quota, gave the final blow to all hopes of a peaceable solution of existing troubles, and left this State the choice only of which side she would fight on in a purely sectional war. There was not the slightest hesitation or slirinking. Within less than forty-eight hours the ordinance of secession was passed by the Virginia Convention, and volunteer troops were moving upon Harper's Ferry and the Gosport Navy Yard. There were then assembled at the University of Virginia six hundred and four high-spirited young men from every part of the South. The excitement and enthusiasm amongst them can be easily imagined, but not easily described. It is no part of our purpose to enter into details. It is sufficient to say that a large number of them took part in the expedition against Harper's Ferry, together with other volunteer companies, and when this was accomplished they hastened to their homes to enter the service in their respective States. Less than one hundred remained till the close of the session on the 1st of July. Before the month of June was out. Dr. Maupin, vielding to his son's earnest entreaties, and moved doubtless also by his own higii sense of duty to his country, gave his consent, and without delaying a moment to ask for an appointment, or look for a soft place, this high-spirited youth, just eighteen, and accus- tomed to all the comforts of a refined and elegant home, entered the ranks as a private in the " Albemarle Artillery," a volunteer i';o3.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 46' company then rapidly forming in Charlottesville. On the 3d of July, 1861, this company, under Captain William H. Southall,of Albemarle, was received into service and sent to join General Magruder on the Peninsula, near Yorktown ; and there remained, doing at times much hard, and sometimes perilous service, until the army fell back before McClellan's overwhelming force in JNIay, 1862. During this period his letters from camp were generally written in fine spirits, are often racy and graphic, but occasion- ally exhibit his restlessness at being kept so long in that quarter whilst more active fighting was going on elsewhere. In March, 1862, he received a letter from his father giving an account of the fall of Fort Donelson, and just about the same time the Confederate army was reorganized, and a call was made upon the volunteers to re-enlist. Young Maupin was among those who at once came forward, and knowing full well the practical hardships and dangers that lay before him, he re-enlisted as a private in the ranks for the war. In July, 1862, he was transferred to the 2d Company of Rich- mond Howitzers, Captain David Watson, and during the latter part of that month he was among those who took part in the ex- pedition under Colonel John Thompson Brown in a night attack with artillery upon the gunboats and transports lying in James River. Those who were in this expedition spoke of it as one of the striking scenes of the war ; and the hardships of the night march through mud, and rain, and darkness, and in the midst of a terrific thunderstorm, are said to have been more trying than the ordinary dangers of the battle-field. Following the Army of Northern Virginia through the brilliant and glorious campaign of 1862, and always taking more or less part in its conflicts, he passed with his company in the early days of September, after the total rout of Pope's army at the second battle of Manassas, across the Potomac into Maryland. It is not appropriate here to narrate the stirring and rapidly shifting scenes of that brief but memorable campaign. When the battle of Sharpsburg or Antietam took place, his company was on detached service, and did not therefore participate in that fearful struggle, where less than 35,000 all told, through- out a long summer's day, hurled back again and again, in broken and routed columns, more than 120,000 men, led in person by the best officer who commanded the Federal forces daring the war. 468 THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. • ^j^ly, As a mere casual illustration of the heroic spirit animating the Southern people at that period, it may he mentioned that although the subject of this notice was not in this terrible figlit, yet a younger brother, a beardless boy of sixteen, was, and galhintly doing duty as a private in the Rt)ckbridge Artillery, under the eye of Stonewall Jackson. Such was the spirit and such the metal of which was made the "Army of Northern Virginia." Is it any matter of wonder that under the guidance of Lee and .Liokson, it became one of the most renowned armies the world has ever seen ? Returning to Virginia with Lee's army, our young friend fol- lowed its fortunes and movements until the battle of Fredericks- burg, in December, 1862, where he was again engaged and under fire, his company losing nine men killed and wounded and twenty- three horses. In the spring of 1863 the armies were once more in motion, and young Maupin was at his post with his company, sharing in full measure its perils and its gloric s. In the early days of May was fought the memorable battle of Chancellorsville, a splendid illustration of Southern skill and valor. In this glorious fight the 2d Richmond Howitzers was heavily engaged and rendered most important aid, and within a day or so our young friend, amidst the turmoil and the stirring scenes of a victorious battle-field, wrote a graphic account of the events that passed under his own eye. Early in June he moved with the Army of Northern Virginia for its second campaign across the Potomac. His company attached to Early's Division of Ewell's Corps, by a forced march reached Winchester about the middle of that month, and partici- pated in the capture of that post, though Milroy had made his escape an hour or two before. On the 21st of June they w^ere at Shephei'dstown, and shortly afterwards along with the division crossed the Potomac and moved rapidly forward to York and Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and then suddenly reversing its course, the division fronted the enemy at Gettysburg on the 2d of July, 1863. In the fearful fight of the 3d of July occurred the most terrific cannonade of the war. Its reverberations were heard in the mountains in sight of the University of Virginia, not less than onehundred and fifty miles from the scene of action. James R. Maupin and a young comrade of kindred spirit, H. T, Pendleton, a nephew of General Pendleton, were at the same gun, and in the Ian- isns] THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEJAL. 4G9 guage of their superior officer, "gallantly doing their duty as sol- diers/' when the same cannon-shot cut thera both down. Youiig Maupin died instantly, Pendleton in the course of half an hour. They fell in the evening near the close of the battle, and their com- rades in arms with affectionate sorrow buried them side by side on the field of glory, not twenty yards from where they fell. The graves were so located and marked that the spot was afterwards found and identified without difficulty, and the mortal remains of the youthful hero and patriot were removed, and interred among those of his maternal kindred at Washino-ton Citv, to be at some future time placed at rest in the family burying-ground at the University of Virginia. Many and touching were the testimo- nials to his worth and character received by his bereaved fauiily. We can find room for only a single one, and that a brief extract from a letter from one of the commissioned officers of his own regiment, and under whose eye he had often fought. He says: — " He died as he had lived, an unflinching soldier of his country, always at his post in the hour of danger and of duty. His officers and brother soldiers all testify to the gallantry and coolness with which he conducted himself. Such an exhibition of fortitude and courage was rarely seen in one so young. He was much beloved by all, and universally respected for his upright, courteous, and honorable deportment. For myself, I feel that I have lost a friend that cannot be replaced." Not often does an officer in time of actual war, just after the close of a fearful and disastrous though glorious battle, Avrite down stronger commendation of a private soldier, a boy scarcely out of his teens. So soon as his own company reached a suitable resting-place after their hazardous retreat, they too expressed in resolutions unanimously adopted, and in feeling terms, their sense of his worth and conduct as a soldier, and their own loss and grief at his untimely fall. Thus lell a noble youth, a martyr in the cause of liberty, at the early age of twenty, a fitting type of countless others who offered up their lives in defence of rights transmitted to them from their forefathers. Like so many others of the noblest in the land, he served his country, struggling for that independence which was hers of right, in an apparently humble capacity, but with a devo- tion and fidelity, a constancy and courage, surpassed perhaps by none of any rank. 470 THE UIv'IVERSITY MEMOEIAL. [July, AVitlidrawn from his studies at the period of Jife most important to intellectual discipline and culture, he had not, of course, acquired that mental development which his native endowments and his position in life unmistakably promised. He had done but little more than indicate what he might have been. He possessed from boyhood a great taste for reading, and before entering the array had stored his mind Avith a great variety of historical information. His memory was especially accurate in reference to the dates and leading events of general history. No one can even glance over his numerous letters, written from the camp and the battle-field, in the unreserved and unaffected freedom of familiar family corres- pondence, without being struck with the moral side of his character; not only with the warm affection that breathes through them, but often with the genuine spirit of reverence and devout acknow- ledgment of a merciful Providence, whose guiding hand he felt and acknowledged to be over him, at times as a protecting shield. Such is a brief and imperfect sketch of one of Virginia's noble youth; and many there were cast in the same mould who dedi- cated themselves in the very morning of life to their country's cause and their country's service. We would be recreant to our common lineage and to our heritage of glory, if we could let their memory pass from us or from our children's children. BURDITT W. ASHTON, Private, Company C, 9tli Virginia Cavalry. BuRDiTT Washixgtox Ashton was born February 27th, 1840, at Mt. Lebanon, the residence of his parents, in King George county, Virginia. He was the second child of Charles H. Ashton and Mary Smith White, who were married in 1837. His paternal ancestors emigrated to Virginia from England immediately upon the overthrow of the House of Stuart and the usurpation by Cromwell. They were of the Cavalier party, and upon the success of the Roundheads they sought safety on this side of the Atlantic, bringing with them in the way of property what they wei'e able to save from the rapacious grasp of the domi- nant party. Upon reaching this country, they settled in thatpor- 18G3.] TliE UNIVEKSITY MEMORIAL. 471 tion of Virginia known in the Fairfax Charter as the " Northern Neck," and devoted themselves to agricultural pursuits, preferring with reason this peaceful calling to that of arras, in which they had risked all and lost. His maternal ancestors removed from England to this country at a later period, and engaged in similar pursuits. In the war of the Revolution, however, his maternal grandfather entered the army at its inception, and served M'ith honor and distinction under General Greene until its close. His paternal grandfather ren- dered efficient service as a partizan in the " War of 1812." BuEDiTT ASHTON" was therefore about the sixth direct lineal descendant of the paternal line after their settlement in Virginia. The reputation and honor of the ancient house could scarcely have fallen on one more worthy. Discovering at an early age a decided taste for study, which made him seize eagerly upon whatever books came to hand, he was gratified to the fullest extent in this regard by his parents; and as soon as it was practicable and expedient, he had the usual facilities for instruction in English, at the hands of both public and private tutors. The country at this time, however, afforded but few advantages for the study of tlie classics and polite litera- ture, and at the age of fifteen he found himself greatly deficient in these branches of learning. He was then sent to Hanover Academy, and placed under the instruction of that genial gentleman and profound scholar, Lewis M. Coleman. Having now a favorable opportunity to gratify his early taste for study, and a fair prospect of realizing his fondest literary ambitions, he devoted himself with energy and close appli- cation to his duties. He remained three years at Mr. Coleman's school, preparing himself for the University of Virginia, which institution he entered in the fall of 1859, with the intention of pursuing the requisite course for the degree of Master of Arts. Here he evinced the same devotion to study, at once took rank as a man of mind, and met with considerable success in his classes, graduating the first year in the school of Latin, and attaining to distinction at both examinations in the Intermediate Class of INIathematics ; and the second year, graduating in the school of Pnre Mathematics. In December, 1860, he sustained a severe loss in the suchlen death of his father, an event which necessitated a temporary witiidrawal from college, that lie might make suitable 472 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [only, provision for his mother and sister. He li^d scarcely recovered from this shock, when, in the first months of 1861, the great political issues began to occupy t!>e public mind, and the conse- quent excitement which swept the wliole country invaded even tiie quiet domains of the University and unfitted the student for his work. When the tocsin of war was sounded, Burditt Ashton was not slow to know his duty. He saw that Virginia was menaced, and needed all her sons for her defence ; and with those patriotic thousands who rushed to her aid in her first hour of danger, he identified himself as a private soldier. Xot that he was fond of war or delighted in its bloody horrors, but from a calm sense of duty to tlie land that gave him birth ho enrolled himself among her defenders. He became a member of Comjiany K, 30th Vir- ginia Infantry, in July, 1861, but in the spring of '62 he was transferred to Company C, 9th Virginia Cavalry, in order that he might be with his younger brother, Charles Asliton, who belonged to that company. Like most of those who had been unaccustomed to hardship and exposure in their previous life, he soon became an efficient and hardy soldier. He participated, with the cavalry of the Army of Northern Virginia, in nearly all of those brilliant exploits which struck such terror into the ranks of their enemies, and won for them the admiration of both armies, and a glory that can never fade. He escaped, however, unscathed, until the summer of 1863, when General Lee moved his army upon Gettysburg. On that bloodiest day in the calendar of our short national history — the 3d of July, 1863 — in the cavalry charge ordered by Fitz Lee, he sealed with his blood his devotion to his country's cause. But, like many nameless heroes whose bones lie bleaching from the hills of Gettysburg to the Avaters of the Rio Grande, his grave is unknown and unmarked. Immediately upon his fall, our troops were forced to retire, and their dead were left in the hands of the enemy. As, in the excitement of tlie charge, no one saw him fall, his name was placed in the list of the " missing," and his family and friends fondly hoped he had been made a prisoner and would be restored to them ; but no tidings of him have ever reached them, and now no doubt is entertained that he sleeps among the unknown braves who immortalised that bloody field. Thus, as briefly as the facts admit, the literary experience and military career of Burditt Ashton have been sketched. It ,co;] TI-IE UXIVEESITY ilEMOEIAL. • 4<3 remains now to glance at his private character, which was as comely as it Avas honorable. " The whole of his short life," says one who was intimately connected and associated with him from his childhood till his death — " the whole of his short life was as pure avA as free from stain or blot as it is in the power of mortals to attain. As a son, there was none more dutiful, loving, or obedient, none more solicitous to merit parental approbation and the aifection which was lavished upon him ; as a brother, he was affectionate and unselfish, with always a kindly word for his elder sister and younger brother; as a friend, he was generous and impulsive. Quiet and easy in his deportment, he was popular with his associates, both at home and at college. Always securing the esteem of his instructors, he numbered many of them among his warm personal friends. Of these, the late Colonel Coleman, and his successor at Hanover Academy, Colonel H. P. Jones, might be mentioned." But these accomplishments and these fine points of character which adorn the outer man are as nothing when compared with the jewel which he wore in his heart, and which was his confidence in the hour of death. The crown of his life was his trust in God. At tlie early age of fourteen, under the training of his pious parents, he had committed his soul to the Saviour ; soon afterwards he was confirmed at the Old Fork Church, in Hanover county, by the Right Rev. Bishop Johns, and thenceforth his life was emi- nently Christian. Had liis life been spared, it was his purpose, after making the needful preparation, to preach the Gospel. A gentleman who formed his acquaintance and friendship while a school-bov at Hanover Academy, and afterwards roomed M'ith him at the University, uses the following strong language in regard to him: — " I never saw a more beautiful Christian in my life. Truly pious and conscientious, he was prompted in every act by duty and principle. By close application, he was storing his strong and vigorous mind with knowledge, to be used in the Master's cause. Uninfluenced by any worldly or personal consideration, and with an eye to the glory of God, he had dedicated himself to His work and service. Had he lived, he would have entered the ministry as an Episcopal clergyman." " It is well," then, with him. His ministry has only been transferred to a higher sphere. Up, there, away beyond the stars, they that wait for the Lord shall meet him "in the morning." 474 THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. ^juiy, WILLIAM SINCLAIR BOOTON, Private, 8tli Georgia Infantry, It is not intended that the merits of men whose names are fonnd in this volume, shall be measured simply by pages of printed biography. Such a standard would do gross injustice to many of them, concerning whom it has been found impossible, after the most diligent search, to secure material for a proper me- morial record. Thus only the most fragmentary information has been obtained touching the career of William S. Booton, of Rome, Georgia; a man whose talents and promise, whose piety and patriotism alike render him worthy of an- extended notice. The youngest son and child of Sinclair and Mary J. Booton, he was born in Madison county, Virginia, November 9th, 1838. His father having died when he was an infant of only one year, his training and education devolved upon his pious mother. In October, 1857, he matriculated as an academic student at the Uni- versity of Virginia, registering himself from Rome, Georgia, to which place his family had removed some years before. His reverence for sacred things, his habitual attendance upon the public services of the Sabbath, and his exemplary conduct, gave abundant evidence of the healthful influences under which his moral character had been formed. The following year the writer became more intimately ac- quainted with William Booton, and learned to admire his well- rounded character. A man of vigorous intellect, he was also an industrious student, and had taken rank for proficiency among the first in his classes. His associations were among the Chris- tian young men of the University, whose cordial friendship he had won, though not himself a professor of religion ; many of these "passed over the river" before him, but of them such men for example as William P. Louth.an, Robert T. Estes, AYilliam S. Wright, and Walter F. Shepherd, would not, if living, blush to have their names associated with his. Among his associates who still live are prominent representatives of the pulpit, bar, and lecture-room. In the early winter of 1858-9 there was considerable religious interest in the Charlottesville Ba])tist Church, of which Rev. John A. Broaddus [now of Greenville, South Carolina] was then pastor. :863.] THE U^^IVEKSITY MEMORIAL. 475 This interest extended to such students of the University as were in the habit of attending services in the Baptist Church, and William Booton, among others, made a public confession of his faith in Christ and Mas baptized by Mr. Broaddus. During tlie remainder of the session he was a punctual attendant at the prayer-meeting conducted by the students in the vicinity of his boarding-house, taking such part as his duty required, but always with apparent diffidence. And thus he lived, in the full confi- dence of his young brethren, and commanding the respect of his large acquaintance. At the close of the session of 1858-59, William Booton re- ceived diplomas in the schools of Latin, Natural Philosopliy, and Mathematics — a handsome testimony both to his ability and to his application ; and taking leave of his friends, he returned to Rome and quietly settled down as a teacher. Once afterwards the writer saw him. It was when Johnston, camping his army about Centreville and Fairfax Court House, was holding the heights in front of Washington with regimental pickets. Booton, then a private in the 8th Georgia Infantry, was standing under arms with his regiment at Mason's Hill, awaiting orders to march, he knew not whither. A cordial grasp of the hand and a few words of greeting were all the time allowed to friends who were to meet no more on the earth. His nut-brown uniform contrasted strongly with the burnished musket he held loosely in his hand, but with the air of a man who would not shrink from using it. No one who knew him doubted that the air was the prophecy of the deed. The following brief statement, too brief for those who loved him and would fain liear all the story of an unpretending yet glorious career, sums up his military life: — "At the breaking out of the war in 1861, he promptly volun- teered for the war in a company formed in Rome, and marched Avith his comrades to Virginia; was actively engaged in liis country's service from the day of his eidistmcnt; participated in all the battles in which iiis command was engaged, from First Ma- nassas to Gettysburg ; where, nobly and bravely battling for his country's rights, he fell and died instantly on the 3d of July, 18G3." 476 THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. |-j,,]y^ GEORGE R. BEDINGER, Captain, o3d Virginia Infantry. George Rust Bedinger was the son of the Hon. Henry Bediuger, a representative of Virginia in the United States Con- gress, and at one time Minister to Denmark. He was born on the 10th of July, 1840. At the age of eighteen, he entered the University of Virginia as a student, and remained there till the beginning of the late Avar in 1861. His student-life was one of much pleasure to himself and to all who knew him. He was social and genial in his disposition, full of life and gaiety, cheerful and generous and manly. On one occasion, in the lecture-room, he was guilty of some indiscretion, by which he was causing merri- ment among Jiis companions, and for which he was reprimanded by the Professor. Yielding to an impulse to resent a reproof whicl), in his boyishness, he construed as an insult, he left his seat, and, with defiant strides and an angry countenance, traversed the whole length of the room, and passed out at the door near to the Professor's stand, casting a contemptuous look, as he closed the door, upon the courteous gentleman who had found it necessary to reprove him. Before the close of the lecture, however, the door was opened, and in he boldly walked, to the astonishment and delight of such of his fellow-students as had applauded his angry exit. They little suspected what was to follow. He took his seat quietly and respectfully on the front row of seats, facing the Professor, and sat in respectful silence till the close of the lecture. He then rose, and Avithout shame-facedness or hesitation, stated to the Professor that he had returned to apologize, not only for his violation of the rules which should regulate the students in the class-room, but for his rudeness in resenting the reproof which had been given him. He made no promises, but felt that he had given offence, and that an acknowledgment of his error should be made then and there. The boldness and frankness of his apology, and of his manner of making it, endeared him more than ever to ])is former friends, and gained for him the most hearty good-will of every young man present. This incident was related to the Avriter a few years ago by a distinguished graduate of the University who was present at the time, and not personally acquainted with Bed- inger. In his relation of it, he recalled the looks and tones of ISCS.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 47'i the boy (as he called the young hero) when he came back and wlien he addressed the Professor, and enthusiastically pronounced the whole scene as splendid. By qualities such as are indicated by this incident he endeared himself to his fellow-students and teachers during his student-life, and to his comrades and "acquaintances during the few years of his life in the army. On leaving the University, early in the year 1861, he joined a company from the county of Jefferson, in which he resided, and was enlisted as a private in tlie 2d Virginia Regiment of Infantry. Just before the army of General Joseph E. Johnston left Winches- ter to join the rest of the Southern troops at Manassas, in July? 1861, he, with several other intelligent members of his company, was assigned to duty temporarily with the Rockbridge Artillery, then commanded by Captain (afterwards General) Pendleton. The occasion of this detail was the addition of a gun to the battery, which required more men than at that time belonged to it. He found in this command many congenial companions, some of whom he had known at the University ; and soon after the first battle of Manassas, he was regularly transferred from his regiment and enrolled in the Rockbridge Artillery. He served with it on the 21st of July, 1861, was a member of it during the winter campaign of General Stonewall Jackson to Bath and Roraney, during the rapid marches and countermarches along the Valley of Virginia in the spring of 1862, at the battle of Kernstown, near Winches- ter, on the 23d of March, 1862, and throughout the fatiguing and brilliant strategic movements, skirmishes, and battles of that year, in which the genius of " Stonewall " first shone out to the delight of the Confederacy and the astonishment of her adversary. In camp and on the march, Bedixger was always gay and cheerful, and, though reared in ease and affluence, madef himself and his comrades merry amid their privations and discomforts. During the long, vigorous artillery duel in which his battery (then com- manded by Captain McLaughlin) was engaged at Kernstown, lie was always in tiie right place, and, in spite of the dangers to wliich he was exposed and of which he was fully conscious, could not resist the temptation to be merry and to provoke merriment in others, at his own and his companions' occasional impulses to dodge the noisiest shells with which the enemy were making tlie day hideous. In the summer of 1862 he left the battery, having received from 478 THE UKIVEESITY MEMOFJAL. ^j.^j,.^ the Government at Rlclimond a commission and authority to raise a company of cavalry in the Valley. He failed in his attempt to organize this new force, and was appointed, during the fall of that year, Captain, and assigned to duty in the 33d Regiment of Virginia Infantry. This regiment was composed mainly of Valley troops, and was attached till the close of the war to the " Stonewall Brigade." He was an entire stranger to the Lieuten- ants and men of his company when assigned to duty over them, but soon gained their respect by his impartial and vigorous dis- cipline. Many of the men of his company were Irishmen, whom he humorously referred to as his myrmidons. He was in command of this company till his death, in July, 1863, at Gettysburg. His fate, like that of many others M'ho fell on that bloody field, was not known certainly throughout the army for months afterwards. His friends, who could hear no more than that he had fallen on th.e field, hoped that he had been Mounded only, and that he would be cared for with other wounded prisoners. As the news through the Northern press found its way to us here, many a heart inquired for hira most anxiously. At last, however, this hope failed, and his many friends, to whom he had been endeared at school, at the University, and in the army, were forced to knov/ that they had lost another companion and friend, distinguished by mental accomplishments and splendid virtues. He was of medium height, active, strong, and graceful. His face was attractive, more by reason of its expression than of any regu- larity of feature. His countenance was, in the main, a merry one, but could change with wonderful readiness. His voice was pleasant and musical in conversation. He showed great fondness for music and drawing, and his taste in both had been cultivated. He was said to have closely resembled his father in all those delightful social accomplishments which are attributed to the latter by those who knew him well. His friends who survive him delight to recall his features and the incidents of his life, and will dwell on the pleasures of a fx'iendship, sundered so early, with ever-increasing regret at his bloody fate. iS(i3.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 479 WRENN BROTHERS. Walter Wkknn, M. a., Captain, and A. A. G., Pryor's Brigade ; and Fenxon Eley Wrenx, 2d Lieutenant, Company I, 3d Virginia Infantry. " Alas, for both, both miuc ! What stays had I but thc-y ? aud they are gone ! " Caj^taiii Walter Wrenx, Assistant Adjutant-General of Pryor's Brigade, was a son of Dr. Albert E. and Mrs. Eliza Carroll Wi'enn. He was born in Isle of AVight county, Virginia, on the 29th of May, 1836, and fell at the second baUle of Ma- nassas, August 30tli, 1862, aged twenty-six years, three months and one day. When quite young, though well advanced in his studies for his age, he was sent to the school of Mr. Frederick W. Coleman, in Caroline county ; and when that gentleman retired from the business of teaching, and his nephew and assistant, Mr. Lewis M. Coleman, opened the Hanover Academy, Walter Wrexn fol- lowed him, and continued with him until he was prepared to enter college. In October, 1853, he matriculated at the University of Vir- ginia, and at once took rank among the best students at that in- stitution. During the session of 1851-55 he M^as a member of the Washington Literary Society ; and at some time during his college course (though the date is not remembered by the writer), he became a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church. It is pleasant to believe, with those who knew hira intimately in after- life and had opportunities of judging concerning his Christian character, that he walked in the light of God ^ven until the end. In June, 1856, at the close of his third term at the University, and before he had reached his majority, Walter Wrexx Avas graduated Master of Arts. It was no mean comjdiment to him that he was now invited to return to Hanover Academy as an assistant. He had already given abundant proof of his powers of acquisition ; but, as is well known among professional teachers, the ability to acquire is not always nor even commonly accompanied by an equal skill and facility in imparting instruction. The keen eye and penetrating judgment of Mr. Coleman had, however, marked him as one who 480 THE UKIVEKSITY MEMOKIAL. [-j^jy^ would be no less apt to teach than he had been to learn ; and accordingly he offered him a position in his scliool. Wrexn accepted the invitation, M'ent back to the scene of his school days, and entered upon a new and more intimate relation to his old teacher. Among his colleagues at tliat tijiie was H. P. Jones, M. A., who graduated in the same class with himself at the University, and who succeeded Mr. Coleman as Principal of Hanover Academy. For two years he remained in this scliool, discharging all the while the trying duties of an assistant with such fidelity and ur- banity as to win upon both teachers and pupils. At the end of this period, having determined to qualify himself the better for his profession as teacher by a course of study in Europe, he gave up his position in the Academy ; but before leaving for the home of his parents in Isle of Wight, he received from his pupils a handsome gold chain and seal as a testimonial of their affectionate regard for him. In the fall of 1858 he sailed from New York to Liverpool, and, after a brief sojourn in England, crossed over to the Continent. There he studied in the Universities of Paris, Dresden, and Berlin ; spending most of his time, however, in the latter place, v/here he received several diplomas, and became intimately acquainted with some of the Professors. Before returning to America he made a tour through southern Europe, visiting in Rome our artist. Gait, who was then engaged on the statue of Jefferson which now graces the library of the University of Virginia. Tlien sailing via Calais and Havana, he reached New Orleans in the spring of 1860. The writer is not informed how Mr. "Wrenn s})ent his time until the opening of tlie civil war; but in 18G1, when Virginia withdrew from the Federal Union, he was one of a i>arty of gen- tlemen who raised ti;e first company in Isle of Wight. Upon its organization th.e late Colonel A. D. Callcote, who was a graduate of the Virginia Military Institute, was elected Captain, and him- self 1st Lieutenant. The company was assigned, as Company I, to the 3d Virginia Infantry, Colonel Roger A. Pryor, then on duty at Day's Point, on Jiines River. Lieutenant Weexx soon became a f ivorite with Colonel Pryor, who, in July, 1861, appointed him Judge-Advoeate of a rogi- mentul court. In December of the same year, while Company jggg-j THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 481 I was on duty at a sea-coast battery, some fifteen miles from camp, he was made Judge-Advocate of a general court-martial for the 1st Brigade. When Pryor was promoted to Brigadier-General in the spring of 1862, he chose Lieutenant Wrenn as his Assistant Adjutant- General, with which office he took the rank of Captain. In this capacity he served at the battle of Williamsburg, May 5tb, and for gallantry in action he was, with an Alabama Lieutenant, highly complimented by General Pryor in his official report of that en- gagement. In consequence of severe illness, brought on by the exposure and fatigue of the march up the Peninsula, Captain Wrenn was not present at the battle of Seven Pines, nor in the seven days' fight before Richmond. Shortly after the army returned to camp near the capital, he was appointed Judge-Advocate of a court-martial for Long- street's Division, Brigadier-General Wilcox being President; but when the army left Richmond to co-operate with Jackson against Pope in Northern Virginia, he was left behind to superintend the forwarding of supplies. He rejoined his command, however, about four days before the second battle of Manassas, when he met his untimely end. Here, on the 30th of August, 1862, while cheering on a charge of the 4th Alabama, he was shot through the region of the heart, and died almost instantly. Those who saw him afterwards say that his face bore no mark of pain, but an expression of calm, un- faltering determination. After the battle his old company, commanded by his old Captain, who was then Lieutenant-Colonel of the 3d Virginia, was detailed and left behind to bury him. This was done with all the honors of war. They made his grave about a hundred and fifty yards immediately in rear of the old Stone House, and some three- quarters of a mile from where he fell. On the board they put at its head was written : — ' Captain Walter Wrenn, A. A. GenT, Prj'or's Brigade ; Killed Aug. 30th, 18G2, •svhilc leading a charge. To his chivalrous conduct and glorious death on the field. General Pryor made reference in his official reports of tliat battle, 31 482 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL, [j„jy^ dated " Headquarters near Winchester, October 5th, 1862." We give his words : — " Among the killed, however, was my Assistant Adjutant-General, Captain Walter Wrenn; a young gentle- man of the purest and most amiable character, of a genius devel- oped and adorned by rare attainments in every department of polite learning, and of a courage which had serenely confronted death on more than one battle-field. He fell in the moment of victory and in the act of cheering on a charge " Very respectfully, your obedient servantj '^ EoGEE A. Peyor, " Brigadier-General Commanding." One sacrifice like this, so rich, so costly, was enough, it would seem, for a single family to make. It was, indeed, enough for grief, enough for glory, enough to write in imperishable charac- ters the name lllanassas upon every heart in that stricken house- hold, but not enough to purchase the liberties of a noble but op- pressed people. And so in this case, as in hundreds of others, this stern lesson had to be learned, how to suffer and be strong, how to drink to the dregs the cup of affliction, and then hold it to be filled again by the hand of the oppressor ; so Manassas and Get- tysburg were to be synonyms, binding together in the hallowed but glorious memories of the past the names of Walter and Fenny Wrenn. Fenton Eley Wrenn, Walter's younger brother, was born in Isle of Wight county, on the 19th of October, 1839. He too was a bookish child. When only seven years old he was sent to a neighboring boarding-school, and hence, in part, arose that self- reliance which was a characteristic of his after-life. At the age of thirteen he joined his brother at Hanover Academy, and con- tinued there for six sessions, maintaining a creditable standing among Mr. Coleman's best pupils. In the fall of 1858 he became a student at the University of Virginia, and there the beginning of hostilities found him. He had up to that time graduated on a sufficient number of subjects to justify the reasonable expectation of taking the Master's Degree jggg^ THE UEIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. 483 at the session of 1861-62. Instead of returning to college, how- ever, he felt it to be his duty to enter the service of his country. Indeed, some time before the close of his last terra there, he had directed his name to be placed upon the roll of his brother's com- pany. He served until after the battle of Williamsburg as a private in Company I, 3d Virginia Infantry ; but on the march up the Peniusula he was appointed Sergeant-Major of the regiment, and in this capacity he participated in the battle of Seven Pines. Shortly after this engagement he was stricken down with an aggravated form of camp fever, and was carried to Richmond for treatment. During his absence from the regiment he was informed by letter of his election as 2d Lieutenant of his old company. At the expiration of a furlough which was granted him when he be- came convalescent, he returned to his post, rejoining the army at or near Leesburg, and crossing with it into Maryland. At Sharpsburg he was severely wounded, and he thought at first mortally, by the bursting of a ball in his overcoat which happened to be hanging on his arm. A piece of it penetrated to the bone just over the heart, and caused him to spit blood pro- fusely. By the direction of his commanding officer he went to the rear, and on the way met General Lougstreet, who with his staff was endeavoring to rally the stragglers and fugitives. The General upon seeing him said with bitterness, " And here is an officer coming to the rear ! " Lieutenant Wrenn immediately went to him, told him his condition, his name, and his regiment. General Lougstreet at once apologized, and directed him to go on, adding very kindly that he hoped he would soon be fully restored. Wkenn was sent to Staunton, where he was furloughed again, but returned to meet his regiment about the 1st of October, at Cul- peper Court-House. The 3d Virginia had then been assigned to Kemper's Brigade, Pickett's Division, of Longstreet's Corps. In this command he participated in the battle at Fredericksburg, went with Kemper to Kingston, North Carolina, took part in the investment of Suf- folk, and returned thence through Petersburg and Ilichmond to its camp near Hanover Junction — tlic scene of so many of his schoolboy pleasures. He accompanied the expedition down the Northern Neck to chastise marauders after the burning of Tappa- hannock, and made thence the immediate and incessant march via 484 THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. ^j^^i^^ Culpejier Court-House to Snicker's Gap. With the corps which was accompanied by General Lee, lie waded the Potomac at Wil- liamsjiort and camped near Chambersburg with Pickett's Division, which was left behind to tear up the railroad. Early in the morning of the 2d of July the division marched to the vicinity of Gettysburg and bivouacked. On the morning of July 3d he was with the division on the field quite early, and was immediately in rear of our artillery — one hundred and forty-five pieces — posted on Seminary Ridge. During the duel which opened the battle on that part of the line, and lasted over two hours, he was engaged in ministering to the wounded ax'ound, whether of his own company or not. It re- quired courage of the highest order to enable him thus to do, for the enemy at one time had the exact range, and the scene was ren- dered fearful by the bursting shells which literally mangled the bodies of the men. In the terrible charge which Pickett then led. Lieutenant AVrenn Avas the only officer with his company, and hence had much to do. That was his last duty, and he performed it well. He passed unhurt with his thinned line into the captured works on Cemetery Ridge, and when the order to fall back was given, although against his judgment, he attempted to obey. Only four of his men were willing to follow him, and with these he passed out into the valley of death. He was seen no more by friendly eye. For fifteen months his friends hoped he had been taken prisoner and that he would be restored to them. Nothing was ever heard concerning his fate, and by degrees they began to think of a reunion in heaven. Before the evil days came he had remembered his Creator; while a student at the University he had given his heart to Christ, and confessed Him before men, joining, like his brother, the Episcopal Church. We believe he has realized the promise, " Him that con- fesseth me before men will I confess before my Father and His holy angels." isoc] THE UNIVERSITY MEMOKIAL. 485 JUNIUS B. FRENCH, Adjutant, 23d North Carolina Infantry. Junius Butler Fiiencii was born near Warrenton, Fanquler county, Virginia, August 7tlt, 1837. He was of" Virginia parentage of the old stock, his father's family having come from Ireland, and his maternal great-grandfather, James Henry, from Scotland, many years before the Revolution. The latter was a Judge under the Crown, and after independence a member cf the Assembly from Accomac. Stephen French, his grandfather, a native of Prince William county, Virginia, was a soldier In the Revolutionary war, and though only eighteen years of age, endured the hardships of Valley Forge, and participated in the memorable battle of York- town. Junius was a high-spirited and promising boy, having a great thirst for information and a love of study. As an instance of his fearless disposition, the writer of this memoir saw him, when a small boy, hold the bottom of a tin cup in his fingers while an elder brother, in his boyish rashness, shot several bullets through it with a pistol ; and so steady did Junius hold it tliat the holes were nearly joined in the centre. During his eighteenth year, while living on the frontier of \yestern Texas, he was one day practising with his six-shooter on horseback, when he accidentally shot himself in the leg, and, though painfully wounded, he treated himself, without the least concern or desire for surgical aid, which could not be easily procured on the frontier. His first schooling began at the age of five years, at the AVarren Green Academy, under the tuition of Mr. Ridhard M. Smith, the well-known war-editor of the Enquirer and Sentinel. He re- mained seven years at the Academy, and his parents removing to Washington, I). C, at the age of twelve, he was entered at the Columbian College. He remained at that institution until the death of his father, after which he was sent to a boarding-school in Prince William county, kept by a brother of General Ewell. In 1853 his mother and sisters went to live in Brooklyn, New York, and Junius accompanied them as their only protector, his two older brothers having emigrated to Texas the year before. Being now sixteen years of age, his mother thought it best to put 486 THE UKIYEESITY MEMOEIAL. ■[July, him to business in New York. !For this, though of a business turn and of an industrious and energetic nature, he was entirely unsuited, on account of a temper which rendered him utterly inca- pable of occupying the place of a menial or of enduring the insulting treatment which all boys must expect who wish to qualify themselves for business in the Northern cities. In conse- quence of this disposition he soon lost two excellent situations, having had difficulties on account of what he considered disre- spectful treatment. About this time, one of his brothers being on a visit to New York, he went with him on his return to Texas, where he remained over a year on the Western frontier. Plere many incidents happened which would show his bravery and reso- lution as a youth, but as that was sufficiently demonstrated during his service as a soldier and at his death upon the battle-field of Gettysburg, they may be passed over. In the spring of 1856 he left Texas and returned to his mother and sisters. In 1857 he entered upon the study of Law at the University of Virginia. After leaving the University, in 1859, he went to the law-school of Judge Pearson, in North Carolina; and in 1860 he commenced the practice of law with Judge Osborn, in the. city of Charlotte, in that State. He gave great promise of success in his profession. In 1861 he took the stump in favor of Secession: As soon as the first gun was fired in South Carolina, he hastened thither to do his part as a defender of the South, and saw the fall of Fort Sumpter. Upon his return to Charlotte he enlisted in the "Hornet's Nest Rifles," a volunteer company which was one of those organized into the 1st North Carolina Regiment, Colonel D. H. Hill commanding. With his regiment he participated in the first battle in Eastern Virginia, at Big Bethel. He served in that regiment until the reorganization of the army in 1862, when he was appointed Sergeant-Major of the 42d North Carolina Reg- iment. He was afterwards appointed Adjutant of the 23d North Carolina Regiment, and served witli gallantry wherever his com- mand was engaged, in the Army of Northern Virginia, until his death. The 23d North Carolina belonged to Iverson's brigade of Rodes' ■ division, Ewell's corps. This division, and Early's of the same corps, along with Pender's and Heth's divisions of Hill's corps, were the only Confederate troops engaged in the first day's action 1863.] THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 487 at Gettysburg. In the general forward sweep of the Confederate forces, after Ewell had forced Barlow back and Rodes had pierced the centre of the Union line, Adjutant FiiENCii had his foot shat- tered by a ball just as his regiment and division were pressing the enemy into the single skirt of woods that cut the plain. At the moment, he was walking along his line, and urging forward his men. While lying on the field he was struck witli two other bullets, one of which entered the thigh, and ranging upward, penetrated his abdomen. From this wound he died calmly at daybreak on the morning of the 2d of July, liaving lived long enough to witness and rejoice in the victory of his countrymen. LESLIE MOSBY, Lieutenant, and A. D. C. to General Wharton. Leslie Mosby was the youngest son of Charles L. and Mary Eliza Mosby, of Lynchburg, Virginia, where he was born on the the 31st of July, 1839. From earliest childhood he was literally the darling of a most affectionate home circle, the pride of his father's heart, "the well-beloved of his mother." Of remarkably handsome person, great sprightliness of mind, modest and attrac- tive manners, and most amiable and unselfish nature, he grew up a rare combination of manly excellence, and went down to the grave in the very dawn of a most bright and promising manhood. At the commencement of the war, having recently returned from the Universitj^, he entered the service as a pi^vate in the " Home Guard," 11th Virginia Regiment, then commanded by Captain (afterwards General) Garland. On the far-famed field of Manassas he performed for months the duties of a common soldier, not only without a murmur, but witli cheerfulness and alacrity ; and return- ing home soon after the battles of July, '61, in which he partici- pated, he was seized with a malignant typhoid fever, from the effects of which it is believed he never fully recovered. Subsequently, on the formation of the Virginia State Line, he was invited by General Floyd to become a member of his staff, and received a commission of Lieutenant of caVah-y. How ac- 488 THE UlsIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. [August, ceptably he filled the duties of his new position may be determined by the following letter, addressed to his father by an associate of the staff on receiving intelligence of his death. After expressing the deepest sympathy and sorrow at the sad event, he says : — " In addition to the proper duties of aide, Leslie usually dis- charged those of Provost-Marshal, and often of Adjutant-Gen- eral. In the latter office he displayed marked ability. His orders were drawn with an ease, clearness, and brevity which called from the General the remark, ' that whatever he directed him to write, he did with an accuracy and propriety unequalled by any one he ever knew.' .... " He usually acted as the General's confidential secretary, and was regarded as his favorite aide. . . . Indeed, the old soldier always treated his young friend with fatherly tenderness, but at the san e time with a delicate respect and consideration equally honorable to both." At the time of his death Lieutenant Mosby was attached to the command of General G. C. Wharton, by whom he had been kindly sent home a few weeks previous to recruit his health. A call being made, however, for forces to repair to New Kiver Bridge to meet an expected raid of the enemy, he joined a company for the campaign, regardless of his enfeebled condition, and alas ! never returned. Stopping in Wytheville for a few days, after the com- mand was ordered back, he was taken suddenly ill on the evening of August 30th, '63, and died in a few hours of apoplexy. Thus, in the bloom and vigor of his years, when life offered none other than a bright pathway for his onward steps, — *' The angel pale Came at the midnight hour, And snatched him hence, and bore him wliere Nor storm nor cloud may lower. A5'e, snatched him in his youthful prime, From discord and from strife, Ere cruel thorns had sprung beside The frail, sweet flowers of life ; And bore him to that radiant land Where war and tumult cease, Where angels pure and souls redeem Wait round the Prince of Peace." l^cc3.] THE UXIVEKSIT^ MEMOKIAL, 4S9 EICHARD CORBIN, Private, Co. B, 9th Virginia Cavalry. Richard Corbin was born at Laneville, King and Queen county, Virginia, December 1, 1833. With his brother, S. Well- ford Corbin, he entered the University in the fall of 1854, where by his genial disposition and pleasant address ho made many warm friends. At the close of the second session he left college, taking with him several distinctions and a diploma from the school of Chemistry. In September, 1857, he was married to Miss Roberta Cary, of Lewisburg, and about that time settled at " Moss Neck," a large landed estate in Caroline county given him by his father, James P. Corbin, Esq. Here he was devoting himself with un- tiring industry to the development of his property and the welfare and happiness of his slaves, when the tocsin of war was sounded. On the 25th of April, 1861, he enlisted as a private in Company B, 9tli Virginia Cavalry, and continued in that position until his death. He persistently refused office, often remarking that he " knew no more honorable position than that of a private in the Confederate States army ; " that there he was conscious he was doing his duty, and there he would remain until the end of the war, if God saw fit to spare him so long. Though a private, he was greatly beloved in the regiment. A steadfast advocate of military discipline, he sought to influence his comrades as much by example as by precept; and by his fidelity to his duties as a soldier he contributed no little to this end. Richard Corbin was with the cavalry in all the raids in Virginia, and fought gallantly at Ma- nassas, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Winchester, Brandy Station, and Gettysburg. After the second campaign in the Nortli, General Lee retired to Culpeper, and Longstreet's Corps was sent to aid Bragg in Ten- nessee. General Meade, then commanding the Army of the Potomac, learning that the Army of Northern Virginia was thus weakened, advanced his forces, and Lee accordingly retired to the stronger position behind the Rapidan. Stuart's cavalry was em- ployed to cover this movement. AVHicn about three miles from Culpeper Court-House, the 9th Vii'ginia was dismounted and de- ployed as a skirmish line, and unfortunately for Richard Corbix, he was posted within one hundred and fifty yards of the Federal 490 the: UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. [Septembei, battery which was shelling our troops, and immediately in front of it. The position was hotly contested by the enemy, and during the progress of the struggle Corbin was killed by a shell, which, exploding just in front of the skirmish line cut him almost in two. Appreciating his condition, he said to one of his comrades, "Broaddus, tell Pa I died at my post, with my face to the enemy." Then adding a few Avords for the comfort of the stricken ones at home, with a fervent prayer to God to provide for his eternal welfare, his brave spirit forsook its mangled tenement, and took its flight, let us hope, to a purer, happier realm. His remains were left on the field, and the Federals coming up within a short time after his death, forbade a humane woman and her little son of ten years to give " burial to the d — d rebel," as they pro- nounced his inanimate body. But during the following day, after they had passed on, these sad offices were performed for him by this charitable lady. Wrapped in his blanket, and without coffin or burial services, save the unspoken prayers of that patriot mother, he was laid in his temporary grave. The spot was not marked, lest it should be desecrated ; but in 1866 it was identified by the little boy, and the remains were removed to the family burying-ground at " Moss Neck." No purer, nobler man has been sacrificed to his country than Richard Corbin. He was as generous and kind in his social and domestic relations as he was faithful and devoted in his public duties. The veiy soul of patriotism and hospitality, he believed in making sacrifices for his country and his friends. After the battle of Fredericksburg the Southern army went into winter quarters, General Jackson's corps " stretching from the neighbor- hood of Guinea's Station towards Port Royal." Near the centre of his troops lay Moss Neck, the residence of Mr. Corbin, which was at once tendered by the owner to the General for his head- quarters. Declining the use of the mansion house, the latter es- tablished himself in the office on the edge of the lawn, and there spent the winter. During this period he manifested a very lively interest in Mr. Corbin, and became especially attached to his little daughter, Jane Wellford. " He requested of her mother," says Dr. Dabney, in his Life of Stonewall Jackson, " that she should visit him every afternoon after the labors of the day were finished, and he always provided himself with some j^resent suitable for 1503.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 491 her child's taste, which he laid away in his drawer — an apple, an orange, a bundle of candy, or a gay print. Sometimes the inter- view was passed with his little friend sitting upon his knee, en- gaged in eager converse, while at others the noises which proceeded from the office showed that they were engaged in a good hearty romp together. One evening when she came he had no gift for her. At the close of their play his eye fell upon a new cap which Mrs. Jackson had lately sent him, which was far plainer than that appropriate to a Lieutenant-General, but which still was encircled with one band of broad gold braid. Taking his penknife he ripped this off, and saying to the child, * This shall be your cor- onet,' fastened it with his own hand around her fair locks, and then stood contemplating her with delight. . . . This gift, the reader will say, Jane Corbin doubtless preserved with jealous care, to be the most cherished ornament of her womanhood. Alas ! no. The sweet child Avas destined to precede her hero friend to that world where they both wear a purer crown ; and the sad mother, now also a soldier's widow, guards it as the memorial of her be- reavement. The very day General Jackson left Moss Neck to prepare for the spring campaign, little Jane was seized with that fearful scourge of the innocents, scarlet fever, and expired after a sickness of a day. The General felt her loss with a pungent grief, but the sterner cares of the army forbade his expending time in the indulgence of sorrow. He left his quarters for the last time, cumbered with the thousand wants of his great command, while the child lay dying." Mr. Corbin was tenderly devoted to his little daughter, and her sudden death saddened his life. Little did he reckon that she was anticipating her father and her "hero friend " by so brief a period. In less than two months the great Captain had "crossed over the river;" scarce* four more moons had waned ere the faithful private soldier followed him. Let us think of the three as now reunited, walking together by the Tree of Ijife, rejoicing evermore in the face of Him who is "alto- gether lovely." By the members of the 0th Virginia Cavalry — than whom none knew better how to appreciate the genuine qualities of a soldier, because none served their country with more fidelity or efficiency — Dick Corbin's name will not be allowed to perish. AVithout losing their honor, they liave laid down their battered swords and put off the insignia of war. With the magnanimity 492 THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. [October, of brave men they have rendered fealty to tne Government they so long defied ; and with a dignity that graces human nature, they have betaken themselves to the arts of peace ; but they have not forgotten, they will not forget, their struggles in the great canvass for constitutional liberty. They will cherish with brotherly af- fection the memories of their veteran dead; and even after many years they will grow young again, as now and then to the children who meanwhile have gathered about their hearthstones, they tell of their virtues, their chivalrous bearing, and their . nervous blows for the honor of Virginia and the South. Then will the name of Dick Corbin be mentioned with genuine pride, and the old soldier's face will glow with the fire of youth as he .recounts briefly the story of his military career. Perhaps he will picture him as he came first to the camp, buoyant and. hopeful, mounted on his sinewy steed, " Red Bird," and followed by his faithful man-servant. Bill; if so, he will not fail to tell how.:Red, Bird, after many a gallant tramp and charge, was at length captured and turned against her rightful owner; nor how Bill, shaming his master's enemies by his long faithfulness, was afterwards taken from him by death. ' Perhaps with lower tones, as he looks upon his own children, he will tell about Jane Corbin, and how the shadow of her little grave seemed to rest upon her father's face, until death, ploughing through his vitals at Culpeper, claimed him too. And then, with his eye turned towards the mother of his children, he will speak of that noble woman who came — came when friends and foes alike were gone — to perform for him that sublime charity which, honoring the dead soldier far beyond the power of muffled drum or martial salute, made her sister to those heroic matrons who gave burial to Latane and Hull. JOHN A. NELSON, Surgeon, 2d Vh-ginia Cavalry. John Alexander Nelson was born in Campbell county, Vir- ginia, on the 3d day of January, 1836, and was a twin-brother of the late Captain Hugh Nelson, of Lynchburg, whose death in that city soon after the war was the occasion of so much sorrow and regret to a large circle of friends and relatives. ISfiS.] THE UXIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 493 Their father, Dr. Thomas H. Nelson, of Bedford, was a son of the late Judge Hugh Nelson, of Albemarle, and a grandson of the lamented General Nelson, of Revolutionary memory, and was no less distinguished in the community in which he lived for his excellent moral worth than for his skill and success in his profes- sion. He was spoken of by the late Rev. Wm. H. Kinckle, who knew him and who assisted at his funeral obsequies, as " the beloved physician," a title recognized by all present as singularly appropriate and deserved. His son, John A. Nelson, the subject of our sketch, was in all respects a worthy scion of this most noble stock. Brave, disinterested, fearless, full of the ardor and hopes of youth, inheriting by a long line of distinguished ancestry that pure and lofty patriotism which the history of Virginia has proved to be eminently characteristic of the name he bore, he stood promi- nent among the young men of his State who rushed to her pro- tection and standard when the earliest invaders made their foot- prints upon her soil. His early education was conducted at the High School near Alexandria, then under the able supervision of Rev. Mr. Maguire. In 1854 he attended the University of Virginia in company Avith his twin-brother, his devotion to whom through life formed one of the most striking features in his disposition. From the Uni- versity he went to Philadelphia and attended the Jefferson Medical School, where he graduated in '57. He was afterwards assigned a position in Blockley Hospital, where he remained about a year, and then returning to Virginia, located at Campbell Court-House. Here he entered upon a successful practice, which continued until his father's declining health made it necessary for him to remove to his home in Bedford, where he remained until the breaking out of the war. Thousrh en2;ao;ed at this time ; of the Confederate army he should attack. Finally, it was ordered to the right, and Major Watson was engaged in the battle of the Wilderness on the 5th and 6th of May. On the 10th of the same month the enemy broke through the Confederate lines at Spotsyl- vania Court House, and it was here that Major Watson received his fatal wound." Always serene and intrepid, his last act was to aid his Colonel in serving a gun which had been temporarily abandoned. Only four days before, his faithful friend and con- genial companion, John Thompson Brown, had fallen at a lonely picket-post; and looking to the sad coincidence of their deaths and the concurrent features of their characters and careers, we may fitly paraphrase what Tacitus wrote of Agricola, and say, '' similes non vitce tantum daritate, sed etiam opportunitate mortis." When we remember how deeply and entirely the feelings of these brave spirits were enlisted in the cause, and how bitter and intolerable would have been the subsequent disappointment to hopes so intense nr^r 1SG4] THE UJ;iVEK8ITY MEMORIAL. bit as theirs, we may well ask ourselves if such a death as came to each was not after all an euthanasia. Major AVatson was borne from the field and carried to a neigh- boring house, where he received all the aid that kindness and sympathy could give. Happily, he retained his faculties long enough to recognize the presence of that heart-broken mother; she who had leant forward with throbbinor heart to catch the first tidings from every battle-field on which her darling was en- dangered, and on whose prophetic face for three long anxious years had been prefigured this coming agony. She came in time to receive the last pressure of that "dear hand," and to hear from his own lips this solemn declaration, "I have never believed in a death-bed repentance ; so for three years I have every night, before retiring to rest, earnestly prayed to God, not so much that he looxdd spare my life as that he would prepare me for this day, and save my soul.'' Comforting words! welling up from a brave, honest, sincere heart, and recalling the kindred declarations of Jackson and of Havelock. Death terminated his sufferings on Friday, the 13tli of May, 1864. His remains were borne to Louisa, and on the following Sun- day (May 15th) in the presence of Aveeping relatives and mourning friends, were committed to earth at his birth-place. Such was the life and such the death of David Watsox. "Would that we had space for all the heartfelt testimonials which his brethren have sent. One says, " He was certainly one of the best, bravest, and most conscientious officers in our army." Another writes: — " AVhat shall I say of David AYatson? He was my beau ideal of a gentleman and a soldier. He was mod- est as a woman ; and hence promotion which he deserved was too long delayed. In ray opinion, and in that of others more com- petent to judge. Major AVatsox would have adorned any position that could have been given him in the army. He had talents of a rare order to command men, and his thorough discipline and system was something new in the Confederate army. His men adored him because he was brave, i^rudent, and just, and they would have followed him anywhere his wisdom led. I have never seen his equal for coolness and indomitable courage in action. Under the most trying circumstances, he looked on and directed as calmly as though he were conducting an operation on his farm. 37 578 THE UJS'TVEESITY MEMOBIAL. [May, "Duty was the great and all-controlling motive with him. He obeyed all orders from superior authority with something akin to religious awe, and in turn exacted the promptest and most implicit obedience from those below him in rank. He was shot down, about a yard from me, while working the same gun with myself, on the evening of that eventful 10th day of May (1864), and died a few days thereafter, scarcely uttering a murmur, although his wound must needs have been very painful." Could we add anything which would not weaken the pathetic power of these tributes, which high esteem, devoted friendship, and undying love have cast upon the tomb of "This selfless man and stainless gentleman" ? H. CLAY PATE, Colonel, 5tli Virginia Cavalry. Edward Pate, son of Matthew Pate, Sr., and father of Colonel H. C. Pate, was born in Bedford county, Virginia, in the year 1781. He was an officer under General Leftwich during the war of 1812, and served several sessions in the General Assembly of Vir- ginia. In 1822 he married Miss Sallie Bailey, daughter of Cap- tain James Bailey and grand-daughter of Colonel James Bullock, both gallant soldiers of the Revolutionary War. H. C. Pate was born near the " Cross-Roads," in Bedford county, April 21st, 1832. As a boy he was thoughtful and studious, and was greatly inter- ested in the lives of great Generals. His own preference was for the life of a soldier, but his parents preferred that he should study law. His attention was accordingly directed to those studies which would more thoroughly fit him for a successful career in the legal profession. In the fall of 1848 he entered the University of Virginia as a State student. Two years he pursued his studies with diligence and success in the regular academic course, proposing to devote two years also to the study of his profession. In this, however, he was disappointed. His father's financial difficulties prevented his return to the University after his second session. In the summer of 1850 he went to Louisville, Kentucky, where 1804.] THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 579 he formed a business connection. Here, by writing articles and sketches for newspapers, he procured money with which he bought law books, thus early showing the possession of unusual talents and enterprise. In 1851 he removed to Cincinnati, and in 1852 pub- lished a little volume called Vade Meeum, the object of which was to draw attention to the University. In the spring of 1853 he commenced the publication of a newspaper, which, at the end of two years, he sold, doubling the money invested. In the meantime he continued the study of law, and was admitted to practice. In 1855 he started to California by way of the plains ; but being specially attracted by the town of Westport, in Mis- souri, he settled there, bought a press, commenced the publication of The Star of the Empire, opened a law-office, and entered upon his public career. At the end of his second year in Westport he was considered a wealthy man. It was during his residence at this place that the Kansas troubles commenced. True to his Southern education, he took sides with the South, and gave his whole influence to the cause which he espoused. In 1856 murders were so numerous that Governor Geary sent Colonel Pate with twenty-five mounted men into the Pottawottamie Indian country to arrest the murderers. He succeeded in arresting several, and was returning with his prisoners, when, at daylight one morning, his pickets were driven in and his camp attacked. He arranged his little force to the best advantage, and repulsed the assailants several times. Some eight or ten of his men were badly wounded, and part of the remainder were guarding the prisoners. After the fight had con- tinued four or five hours, Colonel Pate presented a flag of truce, which was answered by the attacking party, and the leaders proposed to meet half way between the iines and come to an understanding. Pate advanced unarmed and met the commander of the other party, who immediately drew a pistol and demanded the unconditional surrender of Pate's forces. Pate indignantly refused, and upon looking around saw that six men had crawled along a ravine and were between him and his party. He called to his men to fire into this squad ; but his followers refused to hazard his life, and immediately surrendered. This treacherous Captain was the notorious Jolui Brown. Colonel Pate and his men remained prisoners for several days, and Avere finally released by Colonel Sumner, of the United States Dragoons. Brown's 580 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [May, force on this occasion consisted of one hundred and twenty men, all armed with Sharpe's rifles and Colt's revolvers, furnished, no doubt, by his admirers in the East. Mr. Pate was sent several times to the East and South to col- lect money to aid the pro-slavery party in Kansas. AVIiile on one of these trips he became acquainted with Miss Sue Thomas, of Norfolk, to whom he was married in February, 1859. On account of the unsettled state of affairs in the West, he decided to remove to Petersburg, Virginia, which he did in 1860, and commenced the publication of the Petersburg Bulletin. He calmly watched the political horizon, and believing a war was inevitable, deter- mined to cast his lot with Virginia; and when the ordinance of secession was passed by the convention, he was ready. His plans M^ere arranged, and without any excitement he deliberately turned all his property into ready money, and proceeded to raise a com- pany of cavalry. Young men flocked to his standard, and in a few days his company was full. AVith his own means and credit he mounted the company, and, with a few young men of Norfolk, went to that city, where several vessels had been burned, and by patient industry succeeded in fishing up a sufficient number of guns, pistols, and sabres, to arm his command. His company was mustered into the service of the Confederate States, attached to "Wise's Leo-ion," and ordered to the Kanawha Vallcv. Captain Pate was engaged in several sharp skirmishes under Colonel John N. Clarkson, and rendered General Wise great service by his knowledge of the country. Colonel Clarkson, writing to a friend in Richmond, says of him : — " I always found him ready to meet every danger of the service. His conduct was always such as to merit and receive my highest approval. He was with me at the battle of Tony's Creek, also at Guyandotte, and he led his company in the most gallant manner in both engage- ments, but his conduct at Guyandotte was especially brilliant." He served under General Floyd in the Cotton Hill campaign, and in the spring of 1862 was ordered to Richmond. While on the march to Richmond he conceived the idea of raising a regiment of cavalry to be composed of men from all parts of Virginia. His plan, as stated to the writer, was to enlist men from every county, and hold his regiment as an independent •command to be used at any point. The men, being acquainted in- every locality, would be of vast service to act as scouts, cut off* the 1SC.1. THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 581 enemy's supplies, and keep the commanding General informed of all their movements. As soon as he reached Richmond he stated his plans to some of his friends, and the Secretary of War was so much pleased with them that he immediately issued an order giving him authority to carry them out. Pate at once sent offi- cers to all parts of the State to enlist men for his regiment. The idea of such a service charmed the young Virginians, and in a short time seven complete companies, numbering about nine hun- dred men, were made up. Pate formed a camp in Allen's Grove, near Pichmond, and commenced the tedious work of drilling preparatory to an active campaign. While thus engaged, he was several times visited by General J. E. B. Stuart, who always expressed gratification at the soldierly appearance and evolutions of the battalion. The Federal army, under McClellan, was then advancing upon P;ichmond, and Stuart was in need of cavalry. On the night of the 23d of June he sent an orderly to Colonel Pate, requesting him to report immediately to the cavalry headquarters. Pate did so, and was then and there informed that his battalion no longer existed, but that the 5th Virginia Cavalry had been formed by adding com})anies to his command, and that the following were the field-officers : — Colonel, T. L. Rosser; Lieutenant-Colonel, H. C. Pate; Major, B. B. Douglass. Colonel Pate remained all night at General Stuart's headquarters, and in the morning rode slowly and thought- fully to his camp. The writer of this sketch rode with him. ■ He was silent, but his countenance indicated a struggle. Just before we reached our camp-pickets he stopped under the shade of an oak, threw himself from his horse, and sat down by the trunk of the tree. Suddenly he sprang up, exclaiming, " What shall I do ? How can I meet my men and tell them a stranger has been or- dered to coramand them?" He sat down again, and rested his face in his hands. At length he raised his head. His countenance had resumed its usual calm appearance. He smiled pleasantly as he said, " I think I see my way clear, now : the Confederate Gov- ernment has treated rae badly; but I belong to Virginia, and to her I devote my life." The same day, at dress-parade, he informed the officers of the change, and stated that he Avas no longer their chief. The news spread through the camp. Officers and men flocked to the headquarters. They could not believe that the Confedex'ate 582 TPIE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. [May. Government would break faith witli one who ha4 shown such zeal in its service. The battalion was in a state of insurrection. One word from Colonel Pate would have disbanded the whole com- mand. That word was never spoken. On the contrary, exerting that wonderful influence which he possessed over those with wliom he was associated, he succeeded in quelling all outward feeling on the part of officers and men ; and Avhen Colonel T. L. Rosser took command, the 27th of June, he was well received. Pate invited him to his table, and lent him horses. Colonel Rosser at once commenced the organization of the regiment into squadrons. In this matter he held no consultation with his Lieutenant-Colonel. Colonel Pate's brother was Adjutant of the battalion, and con- tinued to act as Adjutant of the regiment until the 7th or 8th of July, 1862, when he was taken sick and sent to Richmond by the surgeon. Colonel Rosser had promised to give him the position permanently ; but on the ground that he " was not a congenial companion," on the 11th of July he appointed Lieutenant Thomas Hollingsworth, Adjutant, and published a special order to that effect. Hollingsworth's commission, as he himself stated, was dated July 1st, 1862, three days after Colonel Rosser joined the regiment. The 10th of July, 1862, the officers of the regiment wrote a petition to Colonel Pate, requesting him to bring charges against Colonel Rosser for violation of one of the articles of war as es- tablished by the Confederate Government. Colonel Pate hesi- tated about sending forward the charges; but when assured by the officers that they required him as second officer to proceed in the matter, he consented, and sent the charges immediately to General Stuart. Colonel Pate was guilty of a violation of military dis- cipline in not sending them through Colonel Rosser. Stuart sent one of his staff-officers to inquire into the matter, and on the report of this officer, dismissed the subject. In the latter part of July, General Stuart established the cavalry camp around Hanover Court House. The 5th Regiment was en- camped on the farm of Mrs. "Winston, about a mile and a half from the Court House. Orders were immediately issued enforcing strict military law. Colonel Rosser issued a special order requir- ing all officers to report to him at reveille and tattoo. Another order was issued forbidding any member of the 5th Regiment sleeping out of camp without the Colonel's permission. Colonel 104. THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 583 Pate's wife came Into the neighborhood, and stayed with a family about a quarter of a mile from the regiment. He asked and obtained permission to visit her and return in the morning in time for dress-parade. He asserts that permission was given him to remain out of camp every night while his wife stayed in the neigh- borhood. Colonel Rosser asserts that permission was given for one night only. The evening of the 31st of July, 1862, Colonel Pate went to see his wife, and returned next morning as the regiment was forming for dress-parade. He rode to his position, and was greeted with the following order : — ■ " Lieutenant Colonel H. C. Pate is hereby placed in arrest and will confino himself to this camp within the chain of sentinels. Charge 1st: Disobedience of orders. Charge 2d : Violation of the 6th Article of War." He made no demonstration wdien he heard this order; his hand may have clutched tighter the sabre whicii he held, his lips may have closed more firmly, and his eye glistened more brightly, but this was all. War was now declared between Rosser and Pate. The former, as will be seen in the continuation of this sketcli, was backed by General Stuart and nine-tenths of Pate's brother officers ; the latter had the secret sympathy of the rank and file. I say secret, for this sympathy was never manifested save in whispers. Upon consultation with his friends, Colonel Pate sent a note to Hon. J. Randolph Tucker, Attorney-General of Virginia, stating the case and requesting his presence. Mr. Tucker promptly answered the summons. In the meantime Colonel Pate applied to General FitzLee for a copy of the charges, and also for information con- cerning the time set for the trial. General Lee replied : — " Sir : — Your communication received thts morning. You will be tried by a General Coiu't -Martial now in session at the Court House, some time during its sitting. Colonel S. D. Lee, 4th Vir- ginia Cavalry, is president, and Captain Q. N. Hammond, 1st Virginia Cavalry, Judge- Advocate." By some strange infatuation, up to this time Colonel Pate thought General Stuart his friend, or at least well-wisher. Read the following testimony given by Mr. Tucker before the court- martial which finally tried Colonel Pate: — " Hon. J. R. Tucker, a witness for the defence was duly sworn, " Question by accused. State what occurred between you and 584 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [May, General Stuart in an interview last August, at Hanover Court House, in regard to the charges under which I was arrested. " Answer. . . . He (Colonel Pate) asked me to ride over to see General Stuart, and inquire whether the charges had been preferred on which he had been arrested, and request a copy of them. I rode over to General Stuart's headquarters, at the Court House, where I saw General Stuart for the first time in my life. I found him alone, I believe. I introduced myself to him in the usual way, and at once opened the matter of personal and official business which alone brought me to see him. He inquired if I was counsel for Colonel Pate. I replied in the affirmative. Whereupon he said, ' Colonel Rosser has not yet made out the charges; they will be made out in due time, and a copy will be furnished the accused,' or to that effi?ct. . . . About that time Captain J. E. Cooke came in, whom I knew very well, and who was on the General's staff. After interchanging greetings with him, General Stuart surprised me by turning to Captain Cooke with a laugh and a jeer, which I can only so describe, and asking Captain Cooke what he supposed had brought me there. Cooke replied that he did not know, and the General added in the same manner, ' He has come up here to defend Pate.' If I were not very careful not to state anything which I am not sure did occur, I would state as my firm impression that he prefaced the name of Pate with the expression ' this fellow.' As may be conceived, my feelings were far from comfortable. He then added to me, * But I suppose, Mr. Tucker, gentlemen in your profession think the worse the case the greater the triumph.' He added further remarks about its being a bad case, and I think an expression of this kind : ' We know Pate about here.' " This conversation opened the eyes of Colonel Pate to the fact that General Stuart was not only not his friend, but that he was looked upon by General Stuart as "a fellow," The court-martial over which the pure and gallant S. D. Lee presided, proceeded to the trial . Colonel R.osser, at his own request, was permitted to assist in the prosecution. Pate was sanguine of an honorable acquittal, but his trial and trials had just commenced. The army was ordered to move, and on the 16th of August, 1862, the court adjourned. Pate made application for a release from arrest, either to go with the army or to some point where he could settle his family and recruit his health. General Stuart, who had a violent prejudice against liim, refused to grant his petition. 18C4.] THE UNIVEESITY MEMOKIAL. 585 The 5th Virginia Cavalry struck tents, packed away everything in wagons, and moved to the north to meet General Pope. One tent remained standing, one wagon remained in the camp. There is nothing more desolate than a deserted camp. The tent-poles, some standing firmly, others leaning, others scattered around, speak of desertion. Worn-out oil-cloths, broken cooking utensils, empty boxes, pieces of bridles and saddles, the absence of neighing horses and their noisy riders ; the painful silence, unbroken save by the snarling of hungry curs fighting over fleshless bones, tell that tiie camp is deserted and the soldiers far away. Colonel Pate stood by his tent and watched his regiment moving off. As long as his battle-flag was in sight, he watched ; as long as he could hear the tramp of the horses and the ringing notes of the bugle, he listened. The battle-flag faded from his sight, the bugle-notes died on his ear ; he turned to his camp, and his heart sank within him. About 10 o'clock at night Company D of the 5th Regiment, which had been doing picket-duty at the White House, rode up. Captain Bullock halted for the men to eat supper and feed their horses, and then moved on to overtake the regiment. This was Pate's original company, and it was meet that it should be the last to leave the camp and the old com- mander. The company marched by tlie Colonel's tent; every cap was lifted and every eye glistened with tears as Colonel Pate said, " Do your duty, my men, and may God preserve and bless you." We will pass over the period from the 16th of August, 1862, to the 12th of March, 1863, when the court-martial assembled which finally tried the charges against Colonel Pate. The fol- lowing officers composed the Court: — President, Colonel S. Wil- liams; Judge- Advocate, Lieutenant G. Freaner; Colonel P. M. B. Young, Lieutenant-Colonel J. D. Twiggs, Lieutenant-Colonel J. W. Carter, Major Lewis F. Terrell, and Captain W. F. Graves. In August, 1862, there were two charges; in March, 1863, there were five charges and twelve specifications. The Judge- Advocate, from the very beginning, assumed the position of prosecuting attorney, and labored faithfully to convict the accused. Inasmuch as Colonel Pate had able counsel, he stated that" he felt himself absolved from the double relation of counsel for the Confederate States and the accused." The trial was one of intense interest. It was the subject of dis- 586 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [May, cussion throughout the whole army. The soldiers and officers generally sympatliized with Pate. The excitement in Pate's regiment was intense. The Court continued in session from the 12th of March to the 22d of April, when the case was submitted and Colonel Pate honorably acquitted, and, by order of General R. E. Lee, resumed his sword. He immediately joined his regiment and entered into active service. In the cavalry fight at Aldie, which shortly followed, he was badly bruised and cut, and was in the hospital for several months. Recovering, he again returned to his command. When it was reported througii the regiment that Colonel Rosser would shortly receive the command of a brigade and leave the colonelcy vacant. Pate's friends were delighted with the idea that their old chief would soon have the command Avhich he should have had in the beginning. But yet other difficulties were before him. In the latter part of September, 1863, he received notice that charges of a serious nature had been preferred against him by Colonel Rosser. Upon application he was furnished with the followino; letter, which Colonel Rosser had sent to General Chilton, A. A. G. of the Army of Northern Virginia : — "General: — I most respectfully ask that a board of officers be convened as soon as practicable for the purpose of examining Lieutenant-Colonel H. C. Pate, of my regiment, with a view of having him removed from the field or his commission cancelled. Lieutenant-Colonel Pate has not served with his regiment a month since its organization in June, 18G2, and is now absent without leave, and has not been witli his regiment since the 17th of June last. He has never been in action with his regiment, and is totally mefficient, and lacks every qualification of an officer. Present or absent, he seems to take no interest whatever in the good of the command; and if such an officer be allowed to hold his commission, all discipline is gone, and the efficiency of the command to which he is attached will be destroyed." In accordance with the request of this letter. General R. E. Lee appointed a board, consisting of General L. L. Lomax, Colonel J. R. Chambliss, and Colonel T. H. Owens, to examine Colonel Pate. General Lomax was Pate's brigade-commander, had approved and forwarded Rosser's letter, and now sat as president of the examining board. The examination commenced on the 3d of November. Colonel Rosser had received his commission as 1SC4.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 587 Brigadier-General, and Pate had assumed command of the regi- ment. The writer has before him a copy of the official record of the board, which Colonel Pate procured from the office of Gen- eral Cooper. It is the only copy now in existence. Of it Colonel Pate wrote to his wife — " This copy will be of no particular use to me, but I wish it sacredly kept for my boy. In after years he may be called upon to defend the name and reputation of his father. With the official proceedings of my court-martial, and this record, he never need be ashamed of his father." The Board examined about twenty witnesses, making General Kosser's letter the basis of their examination. Each witness was asked, "Do you believe the efficiency of the regiment would be in- cieased or impaired by having Lieutenant-Colonel Pate as its commander?" Eighteen out of the twenty answered, "I believe it would be increased." General Rosser's answer was, " I believe the regiment would be broken up and destroyed in a very short time." Lieutenant J. W. Emmitt, Rosser's Adjutant, answered, " I do not know. The regiment is totally disorganized and wants some good officer to command it." The Board also examined Colonel Pate on drill and tactics, and made the following report : — ••'The members of the Board being present and duly sworn, ex- amined into the evidence adduced in the case of Lieutenant- Colonel H. C. Pate, 5th Virginia Cavalry, and the Board are of the opinion, after mature deliberation upon the evidence adduced, that there is not shown any reason why Lieutenant-Colonel Pate should be removed from service; and the Board do recommend that he be promoted to the Colonelcy of the 5th Virginia Cavalry now vacant." Signed by all the members of the Board. Thus ended Colonel Rosser's prosecution '(or shall Ave say per- secution?) of his next in command. Himself a brave and gallant officer, we can only account for his conduct in this case by sup- posing him the victim of groundless prejudices. At last, by an impartial Board, Colonel Pate's merits were acknowledged, and he was permitted to act upon an open and honorable field. Colonel Pate entered at once upon the work of organizing and drilling his companies ; and every department was thoroughly over- hauled and inspected. Nothing escaped his attention, absentees were looked after, and each day witnessed an improvement of both men and horses. During the winter of 1863, while the brigade 588 THE UNIVEESITY MEMOKIAL. ^jyi^y. was disbanded to allow the men and horses to recuperate, Pate was active in getting recruits for his command. He was m constant communication with his officers, and aided them in getting horses for the dismounted men. When the regiment was dis- banded, the Adjutant reported between one hundred and one hundred and fifty men fit for duty. When it left camp on the morning of the 4th of May, 1864, to meet the advance of Grant's army, it numbered nearly six hundred. The 9th of May, Sheridan with about nine thousand cavalry cut loose from the main army and moved along the Telegraph road with a view to taking Richmond. Fitz Lee's division immediately followed, attacking Sheridan at every available point. Sheridan left the Telegraph road and followed what is known as the Moun- tain road. General Gordon followed on this road, while Stuart, with Fitz Lee commanding the brigades of Wickham and Lomax, kept the Telegraph road, intending to intercept Sheridan at the Yellow Tavern, where the Mountain and Telegraph roads meet, about six miles from Richmond. The 11th of May Lomax halted at the Yellow Tavern. The Telegraph road runs north and south ; the Mountain road comes into it from the northwest. Lomax's brigade formed along the Telegraph road, the left resting near the Tavern. General Lomax placed Colonel Pate in the command of the line, and then moved with his staif to a hill in the rear to watch the enemy's move- ments. Pate felt the responsibility of the situation. Imme- diately in front were open fields, and then a dense growth of woods. Pate with his Adjutant and couriers rode through this woods and discovered a deep gully running parallel with the Telegraph road. Along the edge of this gully, next to the open fields, he posted a line of skirmishers. In advance of this line he posted mounted men as an outlook. AVhen these lines had been established he returned to the road and posted a strong body of sharpshooters on his extreme left, to rake the road in case of a direct movement from that direction. He then formed his little brigade along the Telegraph road, in the best position the ground afforded. The reader will more fully understand Pate's plan when he takes into consideration the fact that Lomax's whole brigade Avas dismounted^ and entirely without protection against cavalry charges. It was a soft sweet morning, this eleventh of May. Little birds hopped around in the bushes and chirped their glad songs, 1S64.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 589 little knowing that in a short time their shady homes would be cut to pieces by balls and bursting shells ; that men and horses would be engaged in dreadful strife ; that the sky so bright and clear would soon be clouded M'ith the smoke from thousands of guns ; and that the ground, now wet with dew, would soon be drenched with human blood. The heavy tramp of horses on the Mountain road announced that Sheridan was moving. Pate's })icket on the extreme left re- ported the enemy dismounted and advancing in three lines. Oc- casional shots were now and then heard as the pickets fell back. The enemy appeared on the opposite side of the gully above de- scribed. Pate's skirmish line received them witli a warm fire and such precision of aim that Sheridan's first line gave way. Pate's men raised a yell and started in pursuit, but were recalled by the commanding officer. The second line came up and received a check, but held its ground, while an overwhelming force was moved to the right and charged the 15th Virginia skirmishers. Pate's right was broken and the line moved back, contesting every foot of ground. Pate drew in his skirmishers and united them with the main body, while Sheridan's skirmishers halted at the edge of the woods. Suddenly, as if by magic, a line of skirmishers appeared in front of the woods, moving with wonderful regularity upon the position occupied by Pate's brigade. This skirmish line was supported by a solid line of blue coats, extending far to the right and left of Pate's flanks. Captain Breathed opened on this line with two guns planted on Pate's right. The left flank of the enemy made a dash at tlie guns, but Breathed got them away. This movement towards the guns brought Sheridan's left flank on a line with Pate's right, and the fire was so galling that Pate was forced to take the second position Avtiich he had selected. This position was a deep cut on the east side of the Telegraph road. It was at this point that the last interview between General Stuart and Colonel Pate took place. Stuart had been watching Pate's movements, and, when too late, had found that he was not only a brave soldier, but a man of military genius. lie forgot the past, and pressed up to him amid the singing of bullets, and there the two men who had not spoken to each other for months clasped hands. " Colonel Pate," said Stuart, " you liave done all that any man could do. How long can you hold this position ? " '' Until I die. General.'' Again they clasped hands, and as General 590 THE UNIVEKSITY MEMORIAL. [^lay, Stuart rode away he remarked to one of his staff, " Pate is a hero." Sheridan's lines advanced. General Stuart sat on his horse and with his field-glass watched the fight. The tall form of Pate was conspicuous as he moved from point to point encouraging his men. The 6th and loth Regiments of Virginia cavalry w^ere driven from their positions, torn to pieces. Pate remained with the 5th alone. " One more round, boys, and then we'll get to the hill." His voice was clear and rang out above the battle's roar. The round was given. Pate fell dead, shot in the right temple. Stuart saw it through his glass. " Pate has died the death of a hero," he exclaimed, and his eyes flashed as he spoke. The 5th Virginia Cavalry went into the fight three hundred and fifty strong. The next morning one hundred and twenty men reported for duty. Witli Loniax out of the way, Sheridan wheeled to the left and moved against Weckham. When this movement was made, little Jimmy Moore^ a boy sixteen years old, one of Colonel Pate's orderlies, rode in and brought the body out. The Adjutant of the regiment, assisted by Jimmy, took it to the residence of Dr. Shepherd near by. Two of the Doctor's daughters were at home. The body was laid out on the floor of the sitting-room. The Adjutant had time only to write the Colonel's name and rank on a piece of paper and pin it on his breast, when the enemy charged into the front yard. The next day the ladies had the body buried ; and four days afterwards it was removed to Richmond, and now sleeps in Hollywood Cemetery. At the early age of thirty-two he ended his eventful career. In the same battle General Stuart, too, received his death-wound. May we not hope that the reconciliation of these two brave men, begun in tlieir last hour, has been confirmed and perpetuated in the better land ? j8,j4] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 591 JAMES ^Y. :magruder, 1st Lieutenant, Company K, 2d Virginia Cavalry, James W. Magruder, son of James Magruder, of Orange county, Viro;inia, Avas born on the 2d of February, 1839, near the village of Gordonsville. His early life was spent in the good old-fashioned way of country boys, his education preparatory to entering college going on meanwhile in the neighboring schools. Among others, he attended the excellent academy of Colonel Kemper, at Gordonsville. In October, 1857, he entered the University of Virginia as an academic student. At the end of the second session, having taken distinctions in the various subjects of Latin, French, Span- ish, Italian, and Mathematics, he returned home, and some time after entered some mercantile business at Union Mills, in the county of Fluvanna. In the spring of 1861, when the Albemarle Light Horse was organized under the command of Eugene Davis, Esq., of Char- lottesville, he joined it as a private. He was not, however, allowed to remain a private : his genuine soldierly qualities, courage in battle, patience and endurance under hardsliips, and fidelity to duty, soon won for him the rank of a non-commissioned officer, from which position, after long and arduous service, he was advanced to the office of Lieutenant. The Albemarle Light Horse — Company K, 2d Cavalry — has already been spoken of, and there will be occasion to refer to it again, in connection with others of its members wdio fell on the field of battle. In this company James Magruder was held in higli esteem as a spirited and dashing cavalryman; and when he was promoted to a Lieutenancy, it Avas in acknowledgment of his merits. The Light Horse had no lack of good officers, among whom will be remembered the gallant and chivalrous Tebbs. It was, then, a high compliment to Lieutenant Magruder when one of his men said of him recently, to the writer: — "He was the best officer the company ever had." He was constantly with his command, and participated in its countless battles and skirmishes, until he lost his life, gallantly defending Richmond against tlie bold cavalry raid of Sheridan. On the 0th of May, 18G4, that General, with the divisions of. 592 THE UNIVERSITY MP:M0RIAL. [May, Merritt, AVilsou, and Gregg, was detaclied from the Union army, then at Spottsylvanla Court House, and senttto cut Lee's com- munications. Stuart at once dispatched Fitz Lee in })ursuit,wlio, overtaking the enemy's rear-guard, kept up an incessant skirmish with it. Sheridan succeeded in cutting the Central Railroad at Beaver Dam, and the Fredericksburg Road at Ashland, and then set out for Richmond. At Yellow Tavern, on the 11th, Stuart, who had taken a shorter route, interposed between him and the Confederate capital, and brought on the engagement in which he and Colonel H. Clay Pate were both killed, some details of which are given in the memoir of the latter. From Yellow Tavern Sheridan pressed on to Richmond, but the preparations for his reception induced him to attempt to recross the Chickahominy at Meadow Bridge. It was here that Magruder fell, while oppos- ing the passage of the enemy. He had by this time become 1st Lieutenant of the Light Horse, and in the absence of Captain Tebbs was in command of it. His regiment had thrown up hasty works, and repulsed several severe attacks. The rain was falling heavily, and the men had to use every precaution to keep their cartridges dry. Lieutenant Magru- der had just given an order not to fire until the enemy advanced to within a few paces, and while watching their approach he was struck in the forehead by a minie ball. He uttered no word when shot, merely folding his arms and giving a slight groan. His comrades took his watch and pocket-book, and in a few days returned and buried him on the battle-field. The writer knew him at college as a genial and courteous gen- tleman. A friend who served with him, and furnished the data from which these outlines are made, says of him : — " Pie was ex- ceedingly affable and kind to his men, but let no personal motive influence him in the exercise of his duty. He died esteemed by all his superior officers as a good soldier ; and if he had an enemy, none dared impugn his courage and fidelity." 1SC4.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 593 CHAELES LLOYD COLEMAN, Captain, "Morris Artillery." The unanimity of the Southern States in regard to all the great questions of State, and their hearty cooperation in the effort to maintain by the sword the same great principles, are not matters of surprise when we consider that they are different States rather than different j5var became imminent the two brothers united in asking permission of their father (who had before this removed to Madison Parish, Louisiana) to take part in the contest. Their letters were urgent and patriotic, and their father consented, pro- vided the Vicksburg " Southrons," a company whose officers and men were their friends, should be ordered to Richmond. The " Southrons " were soon sent forward to Virginia, and Charlie and Harry exhibited their letters to Professor Coleman, got permission to go, and straightway set off. The Vicksburg Herald thus speaks of their entering the service : — " While the ' Volunteer South- rons ' were in Richmond, awaiting the perfection of the organiza- tion in which they were to be sent to the front, two boys applied for membership, were mustered in, and started with that company to confront the enemy. They were respectively eighteen and fourteen yeai's of age." Harry Coleman's health soon gave way under the pressure of military service, and, because of his extreme youth, he was dis- charged and sent home. When he recovered he joined his oldest 1SC4] THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 595 brother, Major James T. Coleman, of Miles's Legion, was made 1st Lieutenant in the Voorhees Guards, of Louisiana, and after nearly three years' service, was captured at Port Hudson and sent to Johnson's Island. Charlie continued with his Vicksburg comrades until Professor Coleman organized the " Morris Artil- lery," when he procured a transfer to his old teacher's company, and served under him as long as he commanded it. At the reorganization in 1862, Professor Coleman was not reelected Captain of the Morris Artillery. There was, in conse- quence, much indignation among the subordinate officers, several of whom refused to accept the command which was tendered to them. Finally, when the work of reorganization had well-nigh perfected i\\e disorganization of the company, Chaeles Colemax, who had steadily supported the claims of Professor Coleman, was elected to the Captaincy and accepted the office. There is not space here to follow out the history of the Morris Artillery. It was part of the 1st Regiment of Virginia Artillery, whose officers were John Thompson Brown, Colonel, Lewis Minor Coleman, Lieutenant-Colonel, and David Watson, Major. The death of these men, in whose memoirs the general history of their artillery has been ti'aced, is enough to immortalize their command. If aught were wanting for the individual company officers, it would be enough for Captain Coleman's honor to repeat the statement of an officer who served with him, that he " was re- peatedly personally complimented by that great commander, General Robert E. Lee." After a long and arduous service of about three years, in which this young officer had approved himself as worthy of his noble ancestry, he fell at Spotsylvania Court House, on the morning of the 12th of May, 1864, while defending*his position after the Federals had captured the division of General Edward Johnson. The Union forces held the ground gained by this success, and the body of Captain Coleman was never recovered. Poor Harry was still a prisoner at Johnson's Island at the time of his brother's death. From that }»lace he was transferred to Point Lookout, on the 1st of April, 1865, to be exchanged. But the surrender of General Lee occurring a few days after, the ex- change was discontinued, and on the 25th of the month Harry Coleman was sent to Fort Delaware. The Federal Government was at this time offiirinsx the oath of 596 THE UNIVERSITY MEMOETAL. [May, allegiance to all Confederate prisoners, and when Harry reached Fort Delaware all the soldiers in confinement there had taken it. They were not to blame for this, for the star of the young re- public had really set, Lee having surrendered and Johnston having entered into an agreement with Slierman. Yet he and the party of officers with which he came refused it when offered to them upon their arrival at the Fort. Their rejection of the oath was witnessed by the enlisted men, who were in a separate prison, and not allowed to hold intercourse with the officers. Among these private soldiers was a cousin of Lieutenant Coleman's, wlio had been a captive at Fort Delaware for nearly a year. On the next day he addressed him a long letter, from which the following are extracts : — " I was rather surprised at your whole party refusing the oath. I had been led to suppose by the action of this entire prison that its acceptance would be universal. . . . What, in God's name, can be your reason, Harry? I make it my boast that I am as good a Rebel as ever wore Confederate gray, but I shame to confess to my utter demoralization now. Could I see a reasonaf)le hope for our cause, would five hundred, would one hundred refuse the proffered amnesty, I am proud to think that there is no man here would make a greater sacrifice than I. . . . What more can we do than abide by the action of our own Government? . . . The object for which we have battled, that for which we have shed blood, spent treasure, and made sacrifices, was yielded when John- ston, in convention with Sherman, declared the willingness of the States to return to the Union. . . . The power of the Con- federacy is broken and destroyed ; we have nothing now to do but to wear the yoke of a subjugated people. Take the oath, Harry, and go home with me until the contest dies out in your region. My neighborhood is quiet, and I offer you such comforts and hospitalities as a devastated home can afford. " Your affectionate cousin, " W. L. R." To this letter Harry replied : — " April 29th, 1865. " Dear AVill :— " You say you were surprised at the action of our party in refusing the oath, and wish to know our reasons. Well, this is a point that I do not wish to argue ; and 1804.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 597 if it were not from you, I would not reply at all. But I will give you my views, as well as those of most of ray party, briefly : — We consider that so long as our Government keeps up a show of resistance, so long as there is the least organization, it is our duty to stand by our cause. . . . When we no longer have any Gov- ernment, then we- must await our separate States' action, and be guided to a great extent by them. " As for me, I do not expect to take the oath at all ; I would welcome expatriation first. I could say more, but as I feel very strongly, I would prefer not. . . . Do not be offended at any- thing I have said ; I don't wish to hurt your feelings, although our sentiments are very different." On the 5th of May he wrote to his brother. Major James T. Coleman, stating that his views had undergone some change, but that he did not consider himself absolved from his oath as long as any armed force represented the Confederacy. He had not heard that General Dick Taylor had surrendered, and Kirby Smith was still holding out west of the Mississippi ; but he never took the oath. On the 25th of the month, and in the nineteenth year of his age, he died in Fort Delaware ; having served his country nearly four years. His body was obtained by his brother-in-law, Theodore F. Randolph, of New Jersey, and interred in his family burying-ground at Easton, Pennsylvania. Of these two brothers, the Vichsburg Herald says : — " Sleep on, young and gallant soldiers ! The soil of Virginia rests lightly on the breast of one, and the thick forest of the historic Wilder- ness shall sing his requiem, and future travellers, as they tread the classic ground of Spotsylvania, will seek the spot where the 12th of May was made immortal. Young Harry sleeps on theconfines of mother earth and old ocean, in a calm, secluded spot, near the bastile which confined his body, but not his proud soul," 5-98 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. p-^y^ WILLIAM Z. MEAD, % Lieutenant, Battalion of Sharpshooters, Deas' Brigade, Army of tlie West. Lieutenant William Zachaeiah Mead, the son of the Rev. Zachariah Mead, of the Episcopal Church, and Anna Maria Mead, was born at Richmond, Virginia, on the 29th day of November, A. D. 1838. His father died on the day the son reached his second year, honored and lamented by the Church and people whom he had served truly and faithfully during his life. There was still spared to the tender infant one of the kindest and gentlest of mothers to watch over him and to mould his growing character, and well did she perform her part. Lieutenant Mead received a most careful elementary school training. So soon as he was old enough, he was placed by his mother at the school of the late Franklin Minor, in Albemarle county, Virginia, where he was treated witli " watchful tender- ness, being the youngest of the school band," and carefully pre- pared for an early admission to the University of Virginia. In 1854, however, just prior to his entry at tlie latter institution, we find him an honored member of the " Academy of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the city of Philadelphia," as appears by a certificate of the Rev. Dr. Hare, at that time Principal of the Academy, dated Easter Term of that year, directed to the Bishop of the Diocese and Board of Trustees, and commending him for industry, punctuality, and propriety of deportment. He entered the University in the fall of 1856, for the session 1856-7, as an academic student. He became a member of the Jefferson Debat- ing Society, in which he took great interest; and of the Kappa Alpha Society, a small band of brothers connected by ties which Avere known only to themselves. At the close of that session, liieutenant Mead took charge of a school in Goochland county, Virginia. In the fall of 1859 he returned to the University, session 1859-60, as a student of the law — the profession of his choice. Among his fellow-students of the University whose names will find a place in tiiis volume, we may mention the names of Colonels William N. Bronaugh and John B. Magruder; Lieu- tenant-Colonel A. S. Pendleton; Majors Joseph W. Anderson and F. W. Smith ; Captains Bradfute Warwick, William T. Has- kell^ William Bernard Meredith, Thomas Gordon Pollock, George 1SC4.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 599 R. Bedinger, and William M. Radford ; and Lieutenants William G. Field, Charles Ellis Miuiford, Charles M. Rives, David R. Barton, Isaac Talbot AValke, and W. B. Butler, all his' friends and acquaintances, some of whom were his most intimate friends. Of this number Ellis Munford Avas his room-mate and almost constant companion ; while three of them, Thomas Gordon Pol- lock, Ellis Munford, and Isaac T. Walke, were members of the Kappa Alpha Society. Completing the session of 1859-60, Lieutenant Mead entered the law school of Judge John W. Brokenbrough, in Lexington, Virginia, and was a student there when the muttering war culmi- nated in the sad reality, and ushered in a new and bloody scene then unknown in the annals of this country, in which almost every young man in the State of Virginia was to take a part. The subject of this sketch was a Union man in thought and act and feeling, but his life was bound up in his native State, his own Virginia. "As goes Virginia, so go I," he wrote a friend about that time. No thought other than the welfare and safety of his State prompted his action — that was sufficient. No thought or presentiment that he would be one of the victims sacrificed to the cruel Moloch of war would have deterred him for a moment; for such was his high-toned, gallant nature that he would willingly have laid down his life to save his native State and the South from the fury, desolation, and ruin then awaiting our fair country, and which had been prophesied by some of our most far-seeing and distinguished statesmen. Gallant, noble, patriotic son, he threw aside his student's gown, put behind him all the high hopes and aspirations which fired his ambition in the study of his profession, and disdaining ease and the comforts of life, of which he had neVer been deprived, he joined as a private soldier the 1st Virginia Cavalry, under the com- mand then of Colonel J. E. B. Stuart, a regiment afterwards recog- nized for the efficient service it had performed, but at first known because composed of the flower of the young men of the Valley and Piedmont Virginia. Not long, however, did Lieutenant Mead remain in this regiment, for he was promoted to a Lieu- tenancy and ordered to duty in the Army of the West, then under command of General Bragg. In this army he occupied a post of honor and of danger as an officer of the battalion of sharp- shooters of General Zach. Deas' brigade of infantry ; and soon, 600 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL, [May, by his gallant conduct and noble bearing, became the favorite of the battalion, and won the confidence not only of his men but also of his superior officers. Faithful in the discharge of his duties, he was always in place and never shunned danger. On the morning of the 14th day of May, A. D. 1864, on the ever- memorable battle-field of Resaca, Georgia, while engaged in the heat of battle, he fell mortally wounded, and almost instantly died, sadly regretted and deeply mourned by all who knew him in life. Thus ended the life of one of A^irginia's most gallant, noble, and gifted sons. No higher eulogy can follow this young hero to his early grave than that Avhich is expressed in a letter from a INIajor- General of the Army of the West who had watched his career : — " He fell while gallantly defending the post of danger at Resaca, Georgia. I saw him in the heat of the engagement. Willie had, by his real gallantry, high culture, and intelligence, won the esteem and confidence of all his Generals." His grave was marked and remembered by friends, and so soon as the war was closed his remains were broujiht to his native State and laid beside those of his honored father in Richmond. Near the same spot where he is buried repose the remains of his friends and college-mates, Ellis Munford, Willie Pegram, and Tucker Randoljih; and of his former Chief, General J. E. B. Stuart, who fell two days before the subject of our sketch met his fate. A pure white marble, erected by gentle hands, marks the spot where he sleeps, bearing the simple inscription, " Thy son liveth " — the only consolation to the sad heart of a bereaved and loving mother, whose life was wrapped up in that of a noble and worthy son, save the remem- brance that he died at the post of duty, crowned with glory. " 'Tis well, — 'tis something we majr stand, Wliere he, in native earth, is laid ; And from his ashes may be made The violet — of Virginia's laud. " 'Tis little, but it notes the truth As if his noble form was blest, Among familiar forms to rest And in the places of his youth." Wo knew the subject of this sketch well — we knew him as Willie Mead — and claim with pride to have enjoyed the honor and pleasure of his friendship. But how can we tell how gifted, brilliant, and refined he was ; how filial, how loving and affec- 164.] THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. 601 tionate, how generous and unselfisli, how patriotic, energetic, gallant, and brave, how devoted he was as a son and brother, how true and faithful as a friend ? He was a Christian soldier and a spotless gentleman — a few words that speak the highest praise that can bo bestowed upon human character. Of fine per- sonal appearance, and graceful, winning manners ; of a genial and cordial disposition, and possessed of great sprightliness and ever ready wit, he had a quiet and easy way of insinuating himself into the hearts of all those with whom he was thrown in intimacy. He was not a man of many friendships, because he did not choose to be ; but no one had more sincerely attached friends; and all who can claim the honor of his friendshij), especially his brothers in the Kappa Alpha fraternity, will ever remember him with tender- ness and mourn his untimely end. Of him a friend wrote, and wrote truly : — " It is a pretty good criterion of a man's character that those who know him best esteem him most highly ; and I never knew any one of whom this could be more truly said than of AViLLiE. It was in the unreserved intercourse of private friendship that the sterling qualities of his character were most conspicuous. He was a very kind friend, so encouraging in difficulties, and as joyful at another's success as if it were his own." Another friend and companion-in-arms thus gave a truthful picture of his character in a letter to a friend : — " I never met a man who M^as more thoroughly imbued with the spirit of his profession, or who more readily won golden opinions from all with whom he was thrown. I certainly have never met one who surpassed him in those social qualities which go to make up the ' gentleman and soldier.' I remember once having to show some civilities to a gentleman from Tennessee, and I was riding with him through the winter-quarters of the " troops in Willie's division, when I suggested that we should ' drop in upon him for a few moments.' We called, but the moments lengthened into hours as we sat and listened to his most entertaining conversation ; and when we at last left, my acquaintance remarked that he had never seen Lieutenant Mead's superior in the points which I have mentioned." What a mass of testimony we might adduce from those who knew him well, of the strong and admirable points of his well-formed character! but we will forbear, making only one other quotation from the letter of one of the best observers of character it has ever been our pleasure to know : — " Rarely is one 602 THE U^'IVEKSITY MEMOKIAL. [May, who has fixed opinions, as you know Willie had, so fair and unprejudiced towards an opponent as he was. He coukl discuss any political question — even those to which an allusion is apt to create a display of temper — as calmly as a problem in meta- physics. Had I differed with him radically on the questions which divided North and South, he was perhaps the only one of all my companions at the University of Virginia that it would have been prudent to have truly told so and have ventured to dis- cuss with on such subjects." Trnly was this a noble character; and though we have portrayed but feebly its beautiful traits, we feel there is no one among; those mentioned in this volume who deserves to be more truly honored than Willie Mead, though enrolled here among many of the once brightest and most shining lights of our Southern land ; and we feel that the green grass and beautiful flowers which grow upon and decorate the graves of our departed heroes in this spring-time, will typify the enduring remembrance of no one longer than that of this gallant soldier- son of Virginia by all who knew him. JAMES G. CARR, Private, Company K, 2ii Virginia Cavalry. James G. Caer, son of Di-. William G. Carr and Charlotte M., his wife, was born in Albemarle county, Virginia, February 25th, 1843. Born and reared in one of the loveliest mountain districts of the old Commonwealth, the wild and romantic scenes surrounding him impressed their stamp upon his nature. His earlier life de- voted to field sports and manly exercises, in which he most delighted — now threadingthe valley,now climbing to the mountaiii top; now at the death of the fox, and now hastening to where the pack held the deer at bay — he had neither time nor inclina- tion for those vicious indulgences which too often throw their enchantments around the young. As a child he was very delicate, and by the advice of a medical friend, his father took him from school, and giving him command of a, horse, a dog, and a gun, suffered him to roam at will over 1SC4. THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 603 the farm to make for himself a constitution. The experiment succeeded admirably, and the time lost from his studies was Avell repaid by the health and activity acquired. He had learned to ride almost as soon as to walk; and being remarkably fearless, nothing afforded him more delight than to mount the most un- broken colt, or the most spirited animal he could find, and dash without a sensation of fear ov^er the hills and fields of his mountain home; and many were the exciting adventures, the hair-breadth escapes, through which he now passed ; but the knowledge of horsemanship thus gained was destined to be of great use to him in the branch of the service which he afterwards joined. As a schoolboy, his frank manners and genial nature made him a general favorite, and tiie only fight which he is known to have engaged in, while attending a large public school, was undertaken in behalf of a younger comrade whom his chivalrous s{)irit could not brook to see imposed on by a boy larger and older than him- self. Thus his friends delight to trace even in his boyish action that rare union of almost feminine tenderness of heart with great personal bravery which not all the hardening influence of a soldier's life could dissipate. " I can bear anything j)atiently, but seeing my mother's distress at parting with me," was his reply to a comrade who was condoling Avith him on his return to the hard- ships and privations of the army after his last furlough. And his last letter home, written from the trenches below Richmond, where his company was acting as infantry, and under fire every day, scarcely touches on the danger which he is encountering, but is filled with expressions of tenderness and pity for a little nephew lately left motherless. At the age of seventeen he entered the University of Virginia, where the rapid development of his mind and character gave promise of future usefulness and distinction. The same gentle- ness and purity of heart which had characterized him as a child, blending with the Avarm and earnest sincerity of his attachments in after-years, endeared him to all his friends and associates. At the opening of the war he was a member of the Albemarle Light Horse, a company Avhich had been formed under the prospect of hostilities, and Avhich Avas afterwards officially knoAvn as Com- pany K, 2d Virginia Cavalry. With this company he entered the service at once, and thenceforward devoted himself unre- servedly to the Southern cause, Avhich he held as sacred as did Richard the Crusades. 604 THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. pjay. Previous to the first battle of Manassas James was employed in drilling, picketing and scouting, after Avhich he was constantly engaged in active and arduous service until his death. Passing from one section of the State to another, confronting the enemy where his services were needed ; now on the Potomac, then in the Valley, and then on the Peninsula ; at one time defending Rich- mond from the Federal cavalry, then threatening Washington; following Stuart in his ride around McClellan's army; following the same bold leader on his raids in Maryland and Pennsylvania; with Jackson in his unrivalled exploits in the Valley ; fighting side by side with the gallant Ashby when he fell ; at first and second Manassas, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Wilderness, Cold Harbor, Malvern Hill, Sharpsburg, Gettysburg, Winchester, Cross Keys, Port Republic; in all these great battles and bold and daring raids, James Carr participated and approved himself a soldier. Although again and again exposed to the most imminent danger, having his horse killed under him at Kelly's Ford, and his comrades often struck down by his side; until his last fatal engage- ment he was never wounded. Two Captains commanding his company were killed and one Avounded. James was distinguished even among his comrades, the gallant band which composed the 2d (than which, perhaps, no regiment in the service rendered more constant and efficient duty, or suffered more in casualties), for the enthusiasm, boldness, and intrepidity with which he charged in the fight and followed in the pursuit when the enemy were routed. Before entering the army he looked with awe upon death, and would turn pale at the sight of blood : so habituated had he become in the lapse of three years to the sight of wounds, suf- fering and death, that he passed along by the dead on the field without emotion, unless the face of a comrade looked up to him from the ground. The veterans of Napoleon did not fight as many battles, nor endure as many hardships, nor did they witness as much suffering and carnao-e as did our volunteer cavalrv. Nor since the davs of the old Cavaliers, when sword and lance, in hand to hand conflict, determined the succession to crowns and kingdoms, has such re- sponsibility devolved upon the individual members of any military corps as rested upon the members of the cavalry of the Confederate States, nor so much depended upon the intelligence and fidelity of each ; acting alternately as scouts and cavalry, mounted riflemen 1S04. THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 605 aud infantry, sometimes also as artillerists, they became familiar with every branch of the service, and shared the glories and dangers of them all. Often extended throno-h forest and under- brush, in attenuated line from ten to twenty feet apart, to make front to the heavy columns of the advancing foe, they engaged and routed him, fighting necessarily from under the eyes of their officers, and without their counsel or command. In every position in which he was called upon to act his part, James Caer won from his comrades and commanders the highest encomium man can bestow on man, that of discharging his every duty with ability, zeal, and fidelity. He furnished his own horses, and supplied himself with arms, saddles, oil-cloth, blankets, etc., from the stores of the enemy. After the first year o[ the war, his regiment being without tents, which it was impossible for them to carry upon their rapid and constant marches, he had to protect himself as best he could from burning suns and wintry winds, storms of rain, hail and snow, which often in bivouac, upon the march, on post and in the field, inflicted the severest suffering; all of which he endured with firmness and constancy, and even that cheerfulness which under happier auspices imparted its sun- shine to the circle of his home and friends. On the 21th day of May, 1864, a band of picked men from the 2d, together with the other regiments of the brigade, consisting in all of about 80 men, were led some distance down the James river by Fitz Lee, and thrown, dismounted, upon Fort Kennon, under the impression that the garrison was weaker than it proved to be. The fort was not only amply garrisoned, but supported by gunboats, which by incessant cannonading added greatly to the terrible odds against our men. Charging up to the guns of the fort, our men were compelled to fall back tinder a terrible and destructive fire. James was among the foremost in the attack, the last in the retreat. When his comrades rallied after the repulse, his place was vacant. The following papers contain all the information his family ever received concerning his fate: — " Camp 2d Virginia Cavalry, t White Oak Swamp, 6^/i June, 1864. J " Dr. AVileiam G. Care, " 3Ii/ iJear Friend: — On reaching camp, the 25th of May, I found a portion of my company absent, having been detaile:l to go 606 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [May, with General Fitz Lee upon an expedition to Charles City county. On the morning of the 26th one of the company returned and reported Jim missing ; I hoped, however, that he had only been detached by some means from his company, and would find his way back to it. But so many days have elapsed without his being heard from, that I am much afraid the best fate we can hope for him is that he was captured by the enemy. The uncertainty of his fate may well produce great anxiety; but I love Jim as if he were a near relation, and I know how dear he is to you all, and I will not despair of his safety until I have heard more in regard to him. " It is a matter of great regret with me that I can only gather the most unsatisfactory account of Jim's doings at Fort Kennon. " It seems that he had gone into two charges and come out safely. The third and last charge was made on an angle of the fort. Our men started from a piece of woods, crossed a cleared field fifty yards wide, and then entered an abattis of felled pines which extended up to the embankment. Through these pines the men had to scramble and crawl ; the comjianies got mixed up, so that when they reached the extreme point to which they charged to- wards the fort, James Woods (who saw Jim last) says Jim was the only man of his company whom he saw. " These two then got behind the same stump, and remained there firing their carbines until they were ordered to fall back. They fell back together until they reached the edge of the abattis where the open field commenced ; once more there was a momentary rally, and Woods says in the halt Jim was still unhurt and near him. " Jim is thus traced to the edge of th6 abattis in safety. He still had the open field to cross under full fire of the enemy, and after that no one can give any account of him. But no one saw any fallen body in the open field, and though Lieutenant Lastly and a man named Head crossed the field after AVoods, having been detained in an effort to bring Frank Nelson out, they saw nothing of Jim. " I would not attempt to raise any unreasonable hope in your bosom, and therefore tell you that I know Jim's enterprize and boldness well enough to be satisfied that he would have made his way out unless something happened to him. We are thus thrown back upon the proportion of killed and wounded. The killed ise4] THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 607 are about one to six or seven wounded. There are therefore six or seven chances to one in favor of his being still alive. "I have by no means despaired of seeing him again, nor should you; but you should at once taks steps to learn by flag of truce his fate. I need not say how deeply I sympathize with you and the rest of the family, and how sincerely I am grieved on my own account. Associated with him most intimately for more than three years, I had learned to love him very dearly for his many good qualities. I have marked him in the various relations of a com- panion, a friend, a son, and a soldier, and have admired him very highly in tiiem all. " May the God of our fathers and our God console all our bleeding hearts, and yet bring him safely back to us. " Very truly your friend, " W. W. Tebbs." Acting on Captain Tebbs' suggestion, Dr. Carr at once insti- tuted inquiries for his son by flag of truce; and through the un- tiring efforts of Mr. J. A. Winslow, of Boston, son of Commodore Winslow, who was educated at the University of Virginia, where he had formed the acquaintance and friendship of James and liis family, he received the official returns from more than a hundred prisons and hospitals. All were to the same melancholy purport, disclaiming all knowledge of such a prisoner, excepting the fol- lowing note received from a prisoner at Point Lookout: — " James G. Caer was taken prisoner with me, and we were to- gether at Belle Plains, Virginia, several days, during which time he was well. He was sent from there to Fort Delaware and I to Point Lookout, and I have heard nothing from him since we sep- arated at Belle Plain. "J. W. Hatcher, " Company A, 2d Virginia Cavalry." To this we add the statement of his relative, Captain J. O. Carr (laken prisoner soon afterwards) that the Surgeon (Dr. Martin) who took down the names of the prisoners at the White House, on their way to their point of destination, informed him on hearing his name "That a young man bearing the same name had passed the White House a few dnys before on liis M'ay to prison." Knowing of his cousin's disappearance. Captain Carr made minute inquiries, and the Surgeon, kindly referring to the 608 THE TJNIVERSITV MEMORIAL. [June, record, read the discription given of the prisoner, which corres- ponded perfectly Avith Captain Carr's recollection of his cousin. This is all the information that the most untiring eiforts could procure. From these accounts his capture unhurt seems certain ; his fate afterwards is shrouded in impenetrable darkness. Let those who shudder at the horrors of Andersonville, and clamored for the blood of Werze, clear up the mystery. LEONARD A. HENDERSON, Captain, Company F, 8tli North Carolina State Troops, LeOjSTAED Alexander Hexdeesox was the eldest son of Archi- bald and Mary Steele Henderson, of Salisbury, North Carolina. On the maternal line he descended from General John Steele, Comptroller-General during the administration of General Wash- ington, and the intimate friend and confidential adviser of that illustrious man. He was also the descendant of Mrs. Elizabeth Steele, that pious and patriotic lady, so beautifully and touchingly connected with the history of North Carolina by the manner in which she relieved General Greene, who, fleeing before Corn- wallis, had come to her house weary, hungry, alone, and without money. On the paternal side he traces through those of his name Avhose lives have formed a part of the history of North Carolina from its earliest Colonial existence. He was born November 14th, 1841, and was in his 2od year when killed. "When the war began he was an academic student at the Uni- versity of Virginia. Without consultation with, or even the knowledge of his parents, he volunteered on the 14th of April, 1861, and went with the company of students to Harper's Ferry. The date of this expedition would put his name among the first, if not the very first, of that long list of Carolinians who distin- guished their native State by their courageous deeds in the great Confederate struggle. When the company of students returned to the University and disbanded, he, without returning home, repaired immediately to Fort Johnson, below Wilmington, where he again volunteered as a private, and worked in the trenches six weeks. From this point he Avrote to his father, asking him to ^.(j.-, THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 609 make no request for an appointment for him by the Governor, and stating that he " did not leave the University to get office, but to defend tlie Old North State." But Governor Ellis had already and Avithout solicitation given him the appointment of 2d Lieu- tenant, the notification of which had failed to reach him on account of misdirection. Well and nobly did he sustain the judgment of that distinguished statesman, by a course of conduct which, for its efficiency and popularity, gave additional lustre to an already honored name in North Carolina. Lieutenant Henderson's first appearance on a field of battle was at Koanoke Island, where, though a subordinate in rank, he was in command of his company. Here, when the men were re- quested to lie down, he alone kept his position, standing or moving back and forth in front of the line, while the air was filled with the unseen missiles of death. He was taken prisoner, with the entire garrison, and shortly after returned home on parole. But even in so unfortunate an affiiir as this. Lieutenant Henderson estab- lished his character as a soldier. "AVho is that young Hender- son from Salisbury?" afterwards inquired a distinguished gentle- man, who had also been captured at Roanoke Island, of another, who proved to be an intimate friend of the young man. When informed, he replied, " He is a gallant boy." Upon his exchange he was made Captain of his company, and the regiment was attached to General Clingman's brigade, whose for- tunes he followed without any special incident or opportunity of dis- tinction until the storming of Plymouth, where he was again con- spicuous for coolness and intrepidity. Said a writer in the Raleigh Confeder'cde, June 17th, 1864: — " In the charges at Plymouth he was one of the three officers of the regiment who led their com- panies." He came out of the battle unscathed, " under the pro- tection of a Divine Providence," as he himself expressed it, though his clothing was fairly riddled by balls. When Hoke's division — to which Clingman's brigade belonged — was ordered to A^irginia in the spring of 1864 for tlie protection of Petersburg, he participated in the battles about Drury's Bluff and between Petersburg and Richmond. In one of these he was painfully wounded in the thigh, but he refused to be relieved from duty, and the next day appeared at the head of his men. " During the engagement of the 20th of May, he was in com- mand of the skirmishers of our regiment, fifty in number. The 39 610 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. ^j^^^^,^ whole skirmish line was ordered to advance, but through some mistake, he alone received the order. Without hesitation he ordered forward his men, and without any support, he led them to the charge of the enemy's rifle-pits, under a heavy fire from the front and both flanks, gained his position, and held it until the regiment came to his support." Instances of this kind, occurring oftener, doubtless, than his friends at home were aware of, won for him the highest measure of confidence and admiration on the part of his comrades. His love for his men was as enthusiastic as theirs for him. Proud of their gallantry, he was jealous of the reputation of each individual. Being told by his Colonel on one occasion at Charleston, when about to go on some important service, "to leave the least reliable men behind to take care of the camp," he replied promptly, " I have not an unreliable man in my company." Captain Henderson's next appearance — and his last — on the field of battle was at Second Cold Harbor, June 1st, 1864. On the evening of that day. General Meade having arrived, gave orders for an immediate attack upon our forces in order to secure the heights around New Cold Harbor and Gaines' Mill. At four o'clock Wright and Smith made the attack, and succeeded in car- rying the first line of rifle-pits, but were driven from them. They had been repulsed three times, with hardly any loss on our side, and, as an officer of the 8th jSTorth Carolina wrote, "all were jubi- lant of victory, when the brigade on one side gave way, allowing the enemy to get on our flank and rear." The Colonel was at the time, supposed to have been killed, and Captain Henderson was called on by the officers to lead the regiment. Casting aside his sword, he took up a musket and led the command to the charge. Just as the enemy were forced back, he fell j)ierced by a musket- shot, and was borne bleeding from the field. He lived about two hours, and died quietly, after giving good advice to the few men around him. Thus passed away the great sjsirit of this young Carolinian. Below we give a letter from a former Lieutenant-Colonel of the 8th North Carolina to Mr. Archibald Henderson, dated June 24th, 1864 :— "J/t/ Dear Sir : — I have just received intelligence of the death of my valued young friend, your sou. Captain L. A, Henderson, and I drop the tear of friendship at his untimely fall. Of him I can say, I never had a friend I loved more. Warm-hearted, gen- :sc4 ] THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 611 erous, noble^ and brave, fearless and conscientious in the discbarge of his duty, he was an example to those of his age, and to those older he presented an opportunity of commendation. Whilst his superior officer, I have on two occasions had to order him to his quarters when sick and I knew his life would be risked by exposure. If I can thus testify to his worth as an officer, much more might I say of him as a man. I have two noble little boys of my own, and I can desire nothing more than that they may be like your noble boy. " Perhaps I may intrude by these expressions upon the privacy and sacredness of your sorrow; but I know you will pardon me, for you cannot deny me the privilege of weeping with you over one whom I loved with the love of an elder brother. "G. W , "Late Lieutenant- Colonel, d'cJ' "'Among others who sought to comfort the bereaved parents was a member of President Davis's Cabinet, who in his letter used the following language : — " I had a high appreciation of your noble son, who fell so gallantly in the cause of his country. You may well exclaim, with the old Earl of Ormond, 'I would not give my dead sou for any living son in Christendom.' " JAMES H. DPEWRY, Private Company A, 13th Virginia Cavalry. James H. Drewry, son of John and Elizabeth Drewry, was born near Drewrysville, in Southampton county, Virginia, on the 10th of June, 1839. His parents dying while he was quite young, lie was left to the intelligent care of an uncle who determined to give him every educational facility. To this course the uncle and guardian was inclined both by the evidences of intellectual power which liis nephew gave, and by his passion for books even when a child. James Dreavry was accordingly put at the best school in the county, and from this, at the proper period of his life, he was transferred to Hanover Academy. He remained at the Academy until the close of the session in the .summer of 1858, and in the 612 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [J line, following October entered the University of Virginia, taking the schools of Ancient Languages and Mathematics. The next year he returned and took the same ticket, with the addition of Modern Languages and Chemistry ; and at the end of the session he re- ceived distinction at both examinations in the senior class of Greek, and diplomas in Latin, French, and Chemistry. In 1860 he entered the Medical Class and became a candidate for graduation. The intermediate examinations he passed satisfactorily, receiving distinctions in all the subjects embraced in the course ; and he had ev^ery prospect of success, when his studies were interrupted by the war. When the expedition was made against Harper's Ferry in the spring of 1861, he was a member of one of the companies of students formed for that purpose; and after the return of the University companies, he could not consent to remain at his books when the whole country was preparing for the impending struggle. Accordingly, without a regret for the professional degree he was surrendering, he returned home and enlisted in the "Southampton Cavalry," which upon the organization of regiments, became Com- pany A, 13th Virginia Cavalry. Dedicating his life to his country by this act, he followed her standards through the long catalogue of battles and skirmishes with which the reader has been familiarized by the pages imme- diately preceding. During the more than three years of arduous service, he never asked for, nor seemed to desire, a furlough ; and he was not once absent from his command, except after he was wounded in the severe cavalry engagement at Brandy Station. He was several times offered rank, but did not care for it. An excellent shot, the picket-line was his favorite position ; and, as though he courted danger, he would often volunteer to take the place of some comrade, when not ordered to the front himself. His brilliant career as a cavalryman was terminated on the first day of June, 1864, near Ashland, Virginia, where he fell, instantly killed by a bullet from the enemy. James Drewry was frank and generous in his youth ; as a man he was somewhat reserved in manners, and slow to form attach- ments, but true to those friends to whom he opened his heart. In Company A he had opportunity to study his comrades, and they had often occasion to admire his noble qualities ; thus he grew into their esteem, and attained a popularity far more lasting than if it ISC-l.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 613 had been won in a day. They will cherish his memory as a patriot and soldier, worthy the high compliment paid him by the lamented Major Gillette of his regiment, when he said, '' I have no better soldier in my command than James Deeavey. WYATT BROTHERS. Richard Overton Wyatt, Assistant Surgeon, C. S. A., and James Walter Wyatt, Captain, Albemarle Artillery. These young men were the sons of Richard W. and Harriet K. Wyatt. They were born in Goochland county, Virginia, the former on the 18th of April, 1837, the latter on the 9th of June, 1841. Their ancestors were of English descent, having emigrated to Virginia at an early period in her colonial history. Richard Wyatt, their grandfather, who was an officer of note in the Revolutionary War, married and settled in Louisa county. His only son, Richard, married Miss Harriet K. Harris, of Hanover, and removed to Goochland county. Here he reared a numerous family; eight children living to be grown. Among these were but two sons, Richard Overton and James Walter, upon whom naturally rested the eye of pride and of hope. These boys, characterized in some respects by the same sterling qualities, were of very different temperament; Richard being lively and demonstrative, while the younger brother was reserved and delicately sensitive. Yet these natures seemed to supplement each other, and between them subsisted a perfect harmony and a beautiful affection. In 1851 Mr. Wyatt, with a view to better facilities for educa- tion, purchased a farm in the vicinity of Charlottesville, and took up his residence there. Determined to spare no pains to give his sons an education, he sent them to the best preparatory schools. In 185- Richard Avas transferred to Randolph Macon College, where he was graduated Master of Arts, and in 1859 the two brothers became students at the University, the elder in the medical course, the younger in the academic. From the Uni- versity of Virginia, at the close of this session, Richard went to Baltimore, and pursued the study of his profession in the Uni- 61-4 THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. [j^ue, versity of Maryland, where on the 2d of March, 1861, he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine. In 1860 James returned to the University and resumed his academic studies. During the past session he was distinguished at both examinations in the Senior Class of Latin and in the In- termediate Class of Mathematics. This year the political dis- turbances of the country greatly engaged his attention. In the spring of '61 he joined the expedition to Harper's Ferry, and upon his return he made known to liis parents the state of excitement in the University, declaring that it was simply impossible to fix his mind on books, and desiring to enlist in the Southern army. His father pressed hira to remain at College, urging the probability that he would never again have the opportunity he then enjoyed. Thus persuaded, James \Yyatt continued in his classes until the close of the session, and graduated in the school of Mathematics. Immediately upon his return home he began to prepare to enter the military service. His taste for mathematics directed him to the artillery, and he accordingly volunteered as a private in a company from Albemarle, commanded by Captain Southall. This company, after drilling in Richmond, was ordered to the Peninsula, where it remained until General Johnston retired from York- town. It was during this Peninsula campaign that a great shadow fell upon his heart, saddening all his future life. In the month of November, 1861, a battle was anticipated about Yorktown, and Dr. Wyatt — then an Assistant-Surgeon and on duty in the Rich- mond hospitals — made a visit to his brother, thinking to ad- minister to him in case of need. The battle did not take place; but Dr. Wyatt, unused to the exposure of camp, contracted a deep cold, which settled on his lungs. He returned to his home in Albemarle, where, after a most rapid decline, he died on the 16th of the following December. At the reorganization of the Albemarle Artillery, private Wyatt was unanimously elected to the command of his company. After the wearying retreat from Yorktown, his battery, having no field-pieces, was stationed at the fortifications around Richmond, and consequently took no part in the great battles which soon occurred. From Richmond the company was transferred to Petersburg, near which place it was encamped during the fall and I8r4.] THE UXIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. 615 winter of 1862. Just before leaving for Petersburg, Captain Wyatt succeeded, through the influence of Lieutenant-Colonel Coleman, in exchanging his siege guns for field-pieces, among which were two of the celebrated Napoleon guns. His battery now ranked among the best, and he was anxious for active service. What was his chagrin then at being left in camp while a part of his regiment was sent forward with General Lee ! In a letter written home about this time, he remarked that he was tempted to resign his commission and enlist in some cavalry company in order that he might see something of the war. When the spring campaign of 'G3 began, the Albemarle Ar- tillery was ordered to North Carolina, and here really began its military career, and its experience of long marches and the trials incident to them. In the attack on Newbern and in the siege of AYashington it rendered efficient service. With Pettigrew's brigade it returned in May to Virginia, and, after encamping a while at Hanover Junction, took up the line of march M'ith the Army of Northern Virginia for Maryland and Pennsyh'ania. At Gettysburg Captain Wyatt was reported among the slain, and his parents and sisters mourned him long as dead. At Bristoe Station a piece of shell passed through the skirt of his coat, but did him no other injury. During the winter of 1863-4, the company was encamped near Lindsay's Turnout, on the Virginia Central Railroad, and only fifteen miles distant from Captain Wyatt's home. In the follow- ing May, in consequence of the illness of one of his sisters, he obtained leave of absence for two days and hurried to her. This proved to be his last visit to his family, and the last time that they, who loved him most, looked upon his living form. Once more in the saddle, he marched with General Lee to meet General Grant at the Rapidan. History has rendered the reader familiar with the great struggle that marked the way of the two hostile armies from this point to the Chickahominy ; he has heard over and again the story of the Wilderness, and of Spotsylvania • Court House; he has listened with keenest interest while men have proudly related the many instances of heroism displayed on those fields ; he knows how Grant flanked and fought, and fell back discomfited, and flanked and fought again, until at last the two armies faced each other once more on the historic ground of Cold Harbor; and he has wondered at the stern courage and 616 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. ^j^^^, sublime endurance of his countrymen Avho, in this brief campaign, with an army of less than fifty thousand men^ had inflicted upon the Federals, according to their own estimate, a loss of sixty thousand ! Truly they had " done enough for glory." With this great campaign closed the life of Captain Wyatt. After being actively engaged during all its progress, and having distinguished himself for personal bravery, and for efficiency as an artillery commander, he fell in the heat of the conflict at Cold Harbor, June 3d, 1864. Here the Albemarle Artillery, with a battery from Poague's battalion, were sustaining in ojJen field, and replying to, the enemy's fire. Seeing his men falling fast around him. Captain Wyatt assisted in changing the position of one of his guns ; then kneeling beside it to watch the effect of the shots, lie was killed instantly by a ball through the head. The company had entered the fight Avith eighty men ; at its close thirty-three were killed or disabled, among them every commissioned officer of the battery. When the firing ceased and his men came to take their dead Captain away, it was found that his body had been pierced by twenty-three shots ! By his side lay dead his noble young Lieutenant, Charles M. Rives. The two officers who had thus fought and fallen together were buried in the same grave; whence before long they were transferred to Richmond. From several obituary notices, written at the time of his death, the following extracts are made to show the estimate in which Captain Wyatt's friends held him : — "He was in his twenty-second year, and was at the time acting as Major ; a post to which he would have been commissioned in a few days, if it had not already been done. " Captain Wyatt was more than an ordinary man ; of scrupulous integrity and rare intelligence, he possessed all those amiable traits of character which made him a favorite with all who knew him. Modest as he was brave, generous as he was sincere, ardent in his affections and friendships, he was naturally of quick perception and tender sensibility. From a private's position he rapidly rose to the rank of Captain by his talent and heroism, and at the time of his death was commanding as Major. He had been in several hard-fought battles, and always managed his battery with consummate skill. Prompt in action and almost unerring in judgment, he was ready in taking positions assigned him, and always Avith a proper care for his men. When he re- 1564.] THE UNIVEKSITY MEMORIAL. 617 ceived the order to occupy a certain position preparatory to the battle of Cold Harbor, Captain Wyatt rode until midnight in order to ascertain the exact locality, that he might construct forti- fications for his men ; but alas ! he was unable to erect the works he intended. His battery fought the enemy from an open field, bravely and with fine effect. . . . The history of this war can furnish no braver soldier than he. Scarcely yet a man in years, he had the mind and character of a man of mature age. He was not only a man of tried bravery and superior talents, but he united Vvith these, kindness, geniality and frankness. Had he been spared, his State and country might well have awarded him yet greater honors, for he was already worthy of tliem. His genius and ambition could have secured for him as high position in the civil department as his courage had gained in the army. Young as he was, he won a reputation which will live among the brightest of the war." As soon as it was practicable, all that was mortal of James WYAtt was removed from Richmond to his fiither's residence in Albemarle. And there he now rests by the side of his only brother, Richard, whose early death, caused by the desire to serve /u'm, he had never ceased, while living, to mourn. W. WILLOUGHBY TEBBS, Captain, " Albemarle Light Horse," Company K, 2d Virginia Cavalry. •Captain William Willoughby Tebbs, son of Dr. Fouchee Tebbs and Margaret Tyler, and grandson of ^Colonel Willoughby Tebbs, of Dumfries, Virginia, born September 7th, 1827, in Loudon county, Virginia, was killed instantly in a cavalry engage- ment, Friday, June 24th, 1863. The days of liis boyhood were spent in Middlcburg, Loudon county. He here attended the village school, and was noted when a boy for his quickness of perception and aptness to acquire. At tiie age of nineteen he received the appointment of State Student of the University of Virginia. His success here was rewarded with diplomas in several schools, especially the Schools of Ancient Languages and Mathematics. He then became assistant in the 618 THE u^'ivEEsnv memoeial. [June, Academy of Mr. Franklin Minor, of Albemarle county, where he remained for five years. Here he acquired a desirable reputa- tion as a teacher, and during one year, in addition to his duties in the Academy, he attended the lectures of Professor Courtenay, of the University, on " Mixed Mathematics," as it was then called, and received a diploma as Graduate in that school. At this period of his life he conceived for the character of that Roman of Romans, that genuine upright and downright man, Franklin Minor, of Albemarle, the most intense admiration. This model character exerted over Captain Tebbs a powereful in- fluence, even to the day of his death. After he left the Academy in Albemarle, for whose people he cherished the most romantic attachment, he was appointed Professor of Mathematics in a Col- lege in Mississippi. He returned to Virginia after an absence of a few months, and married his cousin, Mary E. Tebbs, of Fauquier. After conducting a school in this county for two years, he united with Colonel W. LeRoy Brown in opening Blooralield Academy, in Albemarle county, as a High School preparatory to the Uni- versity. Here he added greatly to his reputation as a teacher. Of ardent temperament and chivalrous nature, he early espoused with all the ardor of his character the cause of the South, and was one of the first to be enrolled among the privates of the " Albe- marle Light Horse," a company commanded by Captain Eugene Davis. Pie loved the South and all that belonged to it ; but Virginia he adored, worshipped, and for his friends of Albemarle he cherished the warmest affection. ' He was open, tree, social, humorous to his friends : to strangers he was cold and reserved ; hence he was best appreciated only by his most intimate friends. In 1858, one year after the death of his wife, he was confirmed by Bishop Meade at St. Paul's Church, Albemarle county. He ever remembered the solemn vows then taken, and directed his life in accordance therewith. In a letter written a few days before the battle occurred in which he was killed, he said : — " Providence still protects me, and if He sees fit, will carry me through safely ; if not, what better death could a man die, or could his friends wish for him, than to die in defence of such a cause ? " In the cavalry engagement of the 24th of June, 1864, near Nance's Shop, in Charles City county. Captain Tebbs was killed while gallantly leading his company to the charge of the enemy's ISM.] THE Uls'IVERSITY MEMOETAL. 619 fortifications. Thus ended the life of a brave, chivalrous, generous son of Virginia. The esteem in which he was held cannot be better shown than by the following extracts from the newspapers, published at the time of his sad death : — The Charlottesville Chronicle said : — " A telegram received here on Sunday briefly announced that this brave and faithful officer [Captain W. W. Tebbs] was killed on Friday last in an action with the enemy's cavalry Captain Tebbs has been in command of the Albemarle Light Horse now more than two years, before which he was a private in the company. lie entered the service in April, 1861, and it may almost be said tliat he never lost a day from his duties. He has been incessantly in his saddle, and passed through battles and combats without number. He had entirely escaped injury until this fatal occasion. The de- ceased was our personal friend, one whom we had known and intimately associated with since his residence in this county. He was of an impulsive, open, chivalrous nature — warm in his friendships, amiable in his feelings, strong in his prejudices. His mind was a very quick and active one, and improved by study and habits of reflection. His opinions were fixed, and he regulated his conduct by his convictions of duty. "As an officer, it is our impression that he had few superiors. He possessed every quality to make a good officer — quick percep- tion, great energy and activity, and conscientiousness. He was very popular with his men, and displayed much address in con- trolling them. His death will leave a void in a wide and devoted circle of friends. He is another bright mark, so many of which have been reached of late. He was one of those so firm, so com- pact, so confident, so overflowing with life, that we can hardly realize that he too is silent." The Richmond Enquirer published the following: — " Captain W. Willoughby Tebbs. " Justum et tenacem propositi virum. " Captain W. AV. Tebbs, commanding the Albemarle Light Horse (Company K, 2d Regiment Virginia Cavalry), was killed instantly while charging the enemy, in the engagements of Hamp- ton's and Sheridan's troops, in Charles City county, on the 24th 620 THE UIv^IVEKSITY MEMORIAL. [j^ne, iiist. His remains were deposited in Hollywood Cemetery. His devotion to the cause of the South was of the most ardent nature. The secession of Virginia found him a private in a choice cavalry company of Albemarle county, in which capacity he faithfully performed all the arduous duties required, till he was called to its command. His earnest love of duty and firm determination to be an active participant in the great war of independence, enabled him, without a murmur, to subject his delicate physical organiza- tion to privations and exposures equal to any endured by those of iron constitutions. He was one of that class of educators of Southern youth, to produce whom has been a boast of the Uni- versity of Virginia. As a teacher, his labors were eminently successful. They were confined to Fauquier and Albemarle counties, with the exception of a brief interval, during which he filled the chair of Mathematics in a Southern College. "He possessed talent of the highest order, and enjoyed a famil- iarity with the literature and a critical knowledge of the structure of the Latin and Greek languages possessed by few scholars of his age. To this classical learning he superadded a familiar acquain- tance with the higher mathematics. " He knew no other incentives to action than duty and honor. While to those who knew how to appreciate his genial humor, his superior talents, and his devotion to principle, his death will be a sad loss, his memory will be cherished by them as one of the noble martyrs Virginia has sacrificed as a pledge of her devotion to the cause of freedom and Southern independence. "Though the death of Captain Tebbs, occurring in the full vigor of his manhood and usefulness, in the thirty-seventh year of his age, with a mental and moral cultivation rarely equalled, is a sad bereavement to his family, his relatives, and friends, they have the sweet consolation that he died a Christian, in the performance of his duty. A nobler end is not awarded to man. For many years he had been a.communicant of the Episcopal Church. His firm faith and irreproachable integrity, his fearless spirit and his love of what is pure and high and noble, will long be cherished by his friends as meet memories of his many virtues. " May a merciful Providence protect his young orphan daughters and be to them a father." is,j4.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 621 LOUIS MAGOON ROGERS, Lieutenant and Ensign, JOtli Virginia Infantry. He was the son of Geor2;e S. and Marg-aret J. Rosjers, and was born in Accomac county, Virginia, February 11th, 1841. Plis family, on both sides, are among the best and most respected people of his native county. The home in which he spent his childhood and youth was pure, hap])yj delightful. Living in the extreme eastern part of the State, the Chesapeake Bay on one side ol him and the Atlantic Ocean on the other, from his earliest recollection he was a witness of the grand and ever-changing moods of a boundless expanse of waters. His eye was familiar with the rushing of the white-crested waves, his ear with the wild scream of the sea-bird and the hoarse murmur of the storm. Among such scenes he received his first impressions of the physi- cal world, and they were not without their effect in producing the simplicity and nobleness of his character. On the 1st of October, 1855, when but fourteen years of age, he entered Richmond College as a student. Boy as he was, and of an exceedingly slight and boyish appearance, he imme- diately took rank among the very best scholars in his classes. All were surprised at the ease M'ith which he mastered the most difficult subjects, and delighted with his apparent uncon- sciousness of the possession of extraordinary powers. He remained three years at Richmond College, and went from there to the University of Virginia, entering that institution in the fall of 1858. "Here," writes one who was a student with him, "he was known as a student. Modest and retiring to a fault, he was yet earnest and faithful in the discharge of his collegiate duties. His manners were gentle, easy, and natural, his mind sound and vigorous, and his life and character singularly pure. During a long and intimate acquaintance I do not remember a single word- spoken by him which might not have been appropriately uttered in the presence of his mother and his sister. He remained at the University two years, and graduated in the Latin and Italian languages. The breaking out of the war interrupted his studies, and he went in feeble health to liis home in Accomac. In the very beginning of the war the "Eastern Shore" was 622 THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. ^j^^e, occupied by the Federal forces, and guards were stationed to pre- vent citizens from passing over to join the Gonfederates. United States vessels, too, kept up a vigilant patrol on the bay. Feeling that he was scarcely able to endure the fatigue and hardship of service in the field, Louis for a time remained at home compara- tively contented. But when the campaign of 1862 opened, he l)ecanie restless and impatient of his inactivity. AVith a love of country worthy of the best days of the Revolution, he burned to join the ranks of his friends, who had just driven McClellan and his splendid army from the very gates of Richmond. In com- pany with a few friends, he eluded the vigilance of the coast- guards, and in a small boat ran the blockade of Federal cruisers and landed safe in Mathews county. Thence he proceeded to Richmond, and on the 24th of August, 1862, joined a company composed of refugees from Accoraac and Northampton. This company became Company F of the 46th Virginia Regiment, commanded by Colonel R. T. W. Duke, of Charlottesville, and attached to Wise's brigade. At the time of his joining it the brigade was stationed at Chaffiu's Farm, charged with the duty of watching the movements of the enemy on the Peninsula. Louis had been but a short time Avith his company when he was assigned, by order of General Wise, to duty as Clerk in the Adjutant-General's office. In this position he anxiously watched the progress of events. The 13th of December, 1862, he writes : — " We of General Wise's brigade are still seven miles below Richmond, near the James River ; and Mdiile General Lee is about to fight one of the bloodiest battles of the war, we are about to be the merest spectators, or rather, lis- teners. I have wished more than once that I could take part in the conflict already begun near the Rappahannock, but I must remain quietly where I am placed. It is even intimated to me that, writing as I am in the Adjutant-General's office, I will hardly go into a fight with my company; but I cannot be detained here when my comrades from Accoraac go into the fight." He adds, in closing his letter, words of cheerfulness and hope: — "Do not be uneasy about me or about the issue of the contest, which is evidently to be tremendous. God will care for me as well as for the issue of the approaching battle. He sees all things, past, pre- sent, future. Trust Him." In one of his letters from Chaffin's Farm, he proposed to give lgC.1.1 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. G23 his mother some idea of his way of spending the Sabbath. Says he : — " Soon after breakfast it is ray custom to repair from head- quarters to my regiment, where we have a chaplain. He some- times preaches at a neighboring church. On such occasions, being left to ray own resources, I go into the woods, to some secluded spot, where I read my Testament without interruption. Alone, I try to commend myself and you to the Creator. By medita- tion and study I try to withdraw ray mind from the vexments of the world, and to concentrate my thoughts upon the vasty future, whose portals of joy or despair are so near to all of us." All his letters are pervaded by a deep cheerful spirit of truthfulness and reliffious devotion. From his becoming a member of the First Baptist Church in Richmond, in the first year of his student life, he was truly a Christian. All the powers of mind, soul, and body, w'ere consecrated to the service of God. His religion was a power as uniform and constant in its operation as the force of gravity, and as noiseless and unobtrusive. Early in 1863 Wise's brigade was ordered to South Carolina. Young Rogers went with it, and, with the exception of some slight skirmishes, for more than a year saw no active service. By this long waiting his spirit was chastened and ennobled. Nor was his time spent without good effects upon his comrades in arras. He writes to his motlier: — "Let us never forget, ray dearest mother, that our Father above is not willing to do His children any harm ; and even if the body seems to suffer here in this world, may not the soul be happier in heaven on account of that very suffering? Oh, motlier, let us trust Jesus. I pray to Hira to enable rae to do my duty in His name. I find, thank God, that I am useful as a Christian. By holding prayer-meetings and Bible-class in ray company the boys who are religious have greatly improved. They are much more thoughtful and attentive than they were when I first returned to my company." The scenery on the South Carolina coast reminded him of his own home. He writes from camp at Church Flats: — "I love to lie on these banks and watch the sea-birds plunging beneath the surface of the water, and emerging again with the clamor of suc- cess or failure. I love to see the wavelets chasing to the shore their ' file leaders.' Perhaps the very water at my feet has washed the shores of ' Snugly ' (his home) — who knows? Ah, how glad I would be to be borne on them when these waves go there again! 624 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. ^j^^^^ I am pleased with anything so much like home as tlie country here. ' There is no place like home ! ' You can never know this as I know it until you are driven into the land of strangers ; and I devoutly hope this calamity will never befall you. When the goodness of Heaven which is protecting us shall allow it, I shall be happier than I am now ; because, though I am happy now, ray happiness shall be ten times increased by the return to Snugly." This was never to be. In the spring of 1864 his brigade was ordered to return to Virginia, and for the first time during the war held a position in the immediate presence of the enemy. It ■was a splendid body of men. As it filed past the shattered and M^ar-worn veterans that lay in the trenches around Petcrburg, they called out pleasantly, "What division is that?" alluding to its full, undepleted ranks. But though late, it too was to pass the ordeal of fire. The Confederate Congress had just created the office of Ensign ; and on the recommendation of the officers, Louis was made Ensign of his regiment with the rank of Lieutenant. It was now his duty to bear the colors, and he entered upon the discharge of that duty with a proud enthusiasm. He was not only to have the privilege of mingling in a battle, but to do so in a position of honor and of danger. The 16th of May he was in a heavy skirmish at Port Walthal Junction. The 19tli and 20th his brigade was again engaged charging the Federal linos at How- let's Farm. At 11 A. M., the 17th of June, the 46th A^irginia (EoGEES' regiment) under command of Major J. C. Hill, of Al- bemarle, was detached from the brigade and sent to the left to fill a gap in the Confederate line in an open oat-field. The men had no protection except a mere rifle pit. " At 2 P. M.," to use the language of an officer of the regiment, " that part of our line was assaulted by Warren's 3d Army Corps. The assaults were made by a division at a time. We, mainly with Blunt's Lynchburg battery, having repulsed him each time, the enemy moved to our left and broke a South Carolina regiment. This made it necessary for us to fall back to a skirt of woods, where we re-formed and in turn charged the enemy. In no battle of the war did Confederate soldiers behave with greater bravery. Out of 281 rank and file in the charge, 133 were killed or wounded. In this heroic band none was cooler, braver, or more chivalrous than KoGEES. When under a storm of missiles perhaps never ex- ceeded, I heard him (with his beloved battle-flag clutched to his 18!;4.] THE UJtIVERSITY MEMOllTAL. 625 breast with one hand and waving his sword with the other) im- ploring his comrades by all that could appeal to the pride or honor of Virginia, to lay down their lives if necessary to save Petersburg. He did what he exhorted others to do. He fell with his colors in his hand." A ball shattered his flag-staff, but still he bore it aloft. Three balls passed through his jacket just under the arm, but still he remained firm. After being wounded, even while prostrate on the ground, he supported tiie colors until they were taken from his hand by a color-corporal, who was im- mediately killed. His coolness and daring were the theme of universal praise. A minie ball passed through his collar-bone. His wound, though severe, was not considered dangerous. He was taken from the field to a hospital in Petersburg, and from there, after a time, to the residence of his commander, Colonel Randolph Harrison, in Goochland county, Virginia. Exposure to the heat of a mid- summer sun, and the weariness and fatigue of travel, produced such prostration of his system as to render his recovery impossible. His Colonel was with him, having himself been wounded, and all the attention that wealth and kindness could supply he received — in vain. The 24th of August, 1864, he passed away, murmuring with his dying breath, "Father, into thy hands I commit my spirit." xVt the time of his death ho was buried at St. Paul's Church, Goochland ; but since the war his remains have been re- moved to the graveyard of his ancestors, at Hollybrook, the resi- dence of his father. His life was brief, pure, honorable. His Alma Mater may well cherish his memory for what he was, but more for what he promised to be. Although he died while his life was only in the bud, it was not meet that he should pass away^ "Without the meed of some melodious tear." This sketch finds its fittest conclusion in the following letter from General Henry A. Wise to Mr. Rogers : — •'Richmond, Virginia, July 5th, 1869. "3Iy Dear Sir : — ... I first noticed Louis in a shady retreafc from the camp at Ciiaffin, in the year 1862, reading his Bilde to a comrade in the woods. His rpiiet, earnest manner in his pious work struck me. [ had before noticed him passingly, as your son, for your sake ; but now that I saw his character, 1 began to 40 626 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [June, notice him for his sake and mine too. I found that he" had an exemplary influence with all the young men of his. company. He could keep them orderly and obedient and on duty while his officers could not. I soon found him not only moral, but intel- lectual ; not merely gifted with animal, but with the highest Christian courage. Humble, unpretending, modest in his de- meanor, he was too high to do wrong himself, and too firm to be tempted or misled by others. These qualities caused me in 1863 to make him chief clerk of the Adjutant-General's office of ray staff. He thus was drawn near and made intimate with me. His whole life and conduct were those of duty to God and his command in the army. His company did never so well as when he was with it. He was the fittest man in it for its Captaincy, and repeatedly urged me to send him back to the ranks. For months I could not spare him. When I left headquarters of camp I took him with me. He was a daily example of goodness and usefulness, and I never knew him to blunder, even, much less be guilty of a fault. His companionship as a Christian was a blessing to me. He never obtruded a homily, yet his soft, meek, deprecatory look would often allay a passion or stay a profane word. He was as quick as lightning to perceive, yet so consci- entious that he never assumed to act without full intelligence of what he was to do. I could trust him as well absent as present, and he never failed me. " At last he could not be witheld longer from his company ; and especially after being promoted to the post of honor — color- bearer of his regiment with rank of Lieutenant. He fell at that post, flag in hand, on the 17th of June, 1864, gloriously, while liis regiment was forced back, and his gallant Major Hill lost an arm in saving his person and his flag from the enemy. He lingered feebly in the hospital until his Colonel took him to his house in Goochland, where he was fondly nursed as by a father and mother. Alas ! he was too feeble when struck to recover from the blow. A brighter, braver, better soul never took flight from earth to heaven, from time to eternity. I would write on the tablet of his tomb : — 18C4.] THE UNIVEESITY MEMOKIAL. 027 "Lieutenant Louis Rogers, Jr. " His example taught that the best soklier of the Captain of Salvation made the best soldier of the Confederate camps. His eternal parole is that of the Prince of Peace. "Your friend, " Henky a. Wise. To George S. Rogers, Esq.'' THOMAS R. ROANE, Private, Company F. "Essex Light Dragoons,"' 9th Virginia Cavalry. The tens of thousands who liave furnished the holocaust of the relentless civil war which has desolated our once happy country, have each and all left a chord to memory dear that vibrates to the heart's warm beat; and few may there be who are not enshrined in monuments purer than Parian marble^ and more enduring than the sculptor's art. There is scarce a fireside where there is not at least one seat vacant. From the stately mansions of wealth, and from the humble cottage-home, some are gone forever ; and the mourners that weep, all cherish their memories of the loved and lost. Truly then our noble Alma Mater would not forget tho.se of her sons who have died in defence of a noble cause; and sad would it be should her historian fail to record a single name that has been nurtured at her breast; that as time rolls on, and honors crowd thick around her, she may, when asked for her most valued jewels, lift her lettered hand from the scroll *of fame, and, like the historic mother of the Gracchi, point to the record of her sons. Thomas Ruffin Roane was born at Windsor, the residence of his father, in Essex county, Virginia, July 5th, 1840. His father, Dr. Lawrence Roane, is now in the sixty-seventh year of his age, and is a worthy representative of a name that has given many useful and honored citizens to our beloved old State. His mother, whose maiden name was Sarah Jones, was taken from liim when he was but a child, leaving him the second of three small children to sustain the irreparable loss of her fostering care. But 628 THE LTNIVERSITY MEMOEJAL, . ^j^,^,,^ she was not called away before the impress of her pure and lofty character had been stamped upon their tender minds. Through both branches of his ancestral tree he is closely allied to a large number of the most respectable and influential families of tide- water Virginia. Of Thomas Ruffin's childhood the writer has had the oppor- tunity of knowing very little ; but in early youth he gave evidence of a sprightly and vigorous mind, and possessed a fascination of mannero not often found in one so young. At school he made many and warm personal friends ; for beneath a buoyant and joyous exterior there flowed that current of tenderness and affection which gives such irresistible charm to the power of intellect. Passing through that happy period with but one sorrow — the loss of a lovely and beloved sister — to mar the joyousness of youth, he entered the University of Virginia in October, 1859, under auspices that gave promise of a brilliant future. In all his studies, scientific, literary, and classical, although not a laborious student, he sustained his previous reputation for scholarship, especially in the attractive departments of Philosophy and Literature. He was a member of the Jefferson Society ; and while his biographer does not know what part he took in the debates of that body, yet he can with perfect sincerity affirm that he possessed a remarkable command of language, which with his other accomplishments supplied every requisite for a debater of the highest order ; and, indeed, his contemporaries at Brookland School will remember his happy effort as the Final Orator of the literary society of that institution, at the close of the session preceding his entry at the Univ^ersity. He also contributed several excellent articles to the Universiti/ Ilagazine ; among these, "Disjecta Membra" would have done credit to any pen. It was ratlier satirical, containing happy hits at college habits, names, &c., and gave evidence of original and creative genius. It was reproduced in the 3Iagazine in 1870 and signed "Censor Morum," reference being, of course, made to the fact that it was a republication. But in 18G1, while thus preparing himself for the stern duties and responsibilities of life, the bugle-note which met its ready response in the warm blood of the sunny South was heard in his classic retreat, and together with hundreds of congenial spirits, he tore himself from this peaceful abode of letters and entered the ranks of tempestuous Mars. He was sustained in this course by lSfi4.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 629 the similar decision of a younger brother, and that of an intimate friend and relative — both at the University with him. The former was desperately wounded at the battle of Chancellorsville, and is now industriously employed in the quiet pursuits of a farmer's life; the latter one rendered his bright young life on the altar of his country at disastrous Gettysburg, and will occupy an enviable place on this roll of honor. During the short interval between the death of this friend and the termination of his own brief career on earth, the tenderness of his character Avas par- ticularly conspicuous ; for, though possessing rare and penetrating wit, and abounding in cheerfulness and mirth, when in the presence of the widowed mother whose gray hairs were multiply- in-y under this crushino; blow, there seemed a softness in his voice O 7 and gentleness in his bearing that were particularly touching in their sympathy. Thomas Ruffin, immediately after his return home, enlisted in the " Essex Light Dragoons," afterwards Company F, 9th Vir- ginia Cavalry, and remained in that company up to the time of his death, June 30th, 1864. To our loved but lost cause he was most ardently attached, and never for a moment lost confidence in its ultimate success. Brave as he was generous, he was ever ready to do his whole duty, and was painfully wounded in the hand at Auburn, Fauquier county, on the 13th of October, 1863. This wound necessitated a prolonged absence from his command, and it was upon his return from this furlough that the sad accident occurred which cost his life. Owing to some misunderstanding with the pickets below Petersburg, they refused to allow him to pass, and in attempting to swim the river he was swept down by the rapid current and drowned. And although he did not fall in the full tide of battle, 'mid the cannon's roar and the deadly clash of arras, yet when the turbid waters of the Appomattox closed over his body, a soldier's heart had ceased to beat and a noble spirit had returned to the God who gave it life. Plis obedience and conspicuous devotion as a son, his sincerity and affection as a brother and a friend, are an earnest that he will not be forgotten by those he loved. And to the father, the twilight of whose life is illumined by the memories of the past, his Alma Mater extends her warm and heartfelt sympathy ; and as with him she silently bends o'er his grave, she drops a tear to his memory, and proudly claims him as one of her sons. 630 THE UivIVEKSITY MEMORIAL. [juiy, JOHN SAUNDERS PALMER, Captain, Company K, 10th South Carolina Volunteers. John Saunders Palmer, — elder brother of James Jerma Palmer, a sketch of whose life and services in his country's cause has already been given to the reader — was born August 23d, 1836, at the summer residence of his father, in the parish of St. James Santee, Charleston District, South Carolina. His education began under his fatlier's roof, and was conducted by private tutors. In 1853 he was admitted into the South Caro- lina Military School ; but after remaining there some eighteen months, he applied for and obtained a discharge. In October, 1854, he became a student at the University of Virginia; but in the latter part of the following winter he was compelled by ill health to return home. In the autumn of 1855 he went as a vol- unteer engineer in the service of the Blue Ridge Railroad Com- pany, and assisted the sub-engineers in their duties among the mountains of North Carolina and Georgia, for the purpose of ac- quiring a practical knowledge of civil engineering. In 1856 he took charge of his father's plantation in St. Stephen's Parish, and soon became one of the most practical and successful planters of that section. When the ordinance of secession was passed by his native State, he was among the first to respond to Iier call for soldiers. By his energy and zeal he was prominently instrumental in raising a company of infantry during the summer of 1861. At its organ- ization, Julius T. Porcher was elected to the Captaincy and him- self to the office of 1st Lieutenant. On the 15th of September the comp;my was received into the service of the State as Company K, 10th South Carolina Infantry, and ordered immediately to garrison the earthworks on Bull's Island, which commanded an important inlet between Georgetown and Charleston. At the fall of Port Royal the post was abandoned, and the company ordered to join the regiment at the camp of instruction near Georgetown. Soon after, however, it was transferred to South Island. At the reorganization of the army Lieutenant Palmer was re-elected 1st Lieutenant, and very soon afterwards rose by promo- tion to the command of his company. About this time, in consequence of several reverses which the ia;4.] THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 631 Confederate cause had suffered iu the West, it was thought ueces- sary to ahandon the defence of the seacoast of South Carolina, except Charleston, and send the troops to other points. Accord- ingly, the 10th South Carolina was sent to General Beauregard, and thenceforward shared the fortunes of the Army of Tennessee. After the fall of Corinth it participated in the arduous campaign in Tennessee and Kentucky, during which Captain Palmer ex- hibited the higliest qualities of a soldier, patiently enduring under the forced marches and not murmuring at the scanty subsistence, but, by his example, encouraging his men to bear all with cheer- fulness. On the retreat from Kentucky, continued without any pause for twelve days, his brigade was for the greater part of the time the rear-guard of the army, and constantly engaged in skir- mishing with the enemy. At Murfreesboro', December 31st, 1862, Captain Palmer Avas for the first time in a pitched battle ; and as he was marked by his endurance of the trials and fatigues of the former campaign, so his courage was conspicuous on the field. As a testimony to his gal- lantry, his name was inscribed on one of the four Parrott guns which were taken by the 10th and 19th South Carolina regiments, and afterwards presented by General Bragg to the department of South Carolina, in compliment to the bravery of those regiments. At this battle Captain Palmer Avas wounded in the leg, and, in consequence, went home soon after on furlough, for the first time since he entered the army. During this visit he was married to Miss Alice, daughter of Colonel P. C. Gaillard, of Charleston. As soon, however, as his wound permitted, he returned to his regiment, which he found at Shelbyville, Tennessee. On the 19th and 20th of September, 1863, the battle of Chicka- mauga was fought, and here again he behaved with great personal bravery. His regiment suffered severely, but he escaped unhurt. After the battle of Missionary Ridge, November 24th, the army went into winter-quarters at Dalton, and Captain Pal]\ier made a second and last visit to his family. From Dalton to Atlanta General Johnston disputed every step of the way. The 10th South Carolina was repeatedly engaged, and as often as it fought this young Carolinian discovered the courage of the true soldier. While besieged at Atlanta, his com- mand took a portion of the enemy's entrenchments by a very gal- 632 THE UNIVERSITY -MmiORIAL. [July, lant action on the 24th of July, 1864. After repulsing and driving back the enemy's lines, they suddenly found themselves confronted by a line of entrenchments, which they were ordered to charge. While leading his company in this attack, he was killed in- stantly by a ball which passed through his head. At that moment the order was given to fall back, and, to the regret of his men, the body was left on the field. There were some who still hoped that their gallant Captain had been only wounded, and diligent inquiry was made to ascertain whether such an officer had been carried into the enemy's lines ; but the inquiry proved fruitless. About a month after, as soon as the Federals removed to another position. Sergeant AVilliam Owens, accompanied by several others of the command, went out to the battle-ground, and, near the spot where he fell, discovered the grave in Avhich the enemy had decently buried him. In exhuming the body for interment in the Atlanta Cemetery, it was found that none of his clothes had been removed, and the uniform was at once identified. Some portion of the latter was cut off and sent to his friends at home. The father, who at once recognized the cloth woven under his own roof, and the young wife, whose handiwork it was — a testimonial of affection, aent to her husband just before the fatal day — felt that the body was all that remained of him on earth. His remains were afterwards removed to Magnolia Cemetery, near Charleston, South Carolina. BEVERLY BAKER HUNTER, M. D., Captain, Company K, 41st Virginia Infantry. Beverly Baker Hunter Avas at the time of his death' in his twenty-sixth year. He was born in Kemper county, Mississippi, March 15, 1839, and killed at Petersburg, Virginia, June 30th, 1864. His father, Benjamin Blake Baker Hunter, was a native of the latter State; his mother, Mrs. Caroline Hunter, of the former. His paternal relatives, most of whom were Virginians, were of the highest respectability, being descended from an old English family, whose noble qualities they inherited. 1864.] THE UlSIVEKSITY MEMORIAL. 633 "When Baker was a mere child, his father removed to Marshall, Harrison county, Texas ; but when his son reached the age of twelve, Mr. Hunter, wishing to secure for him better educational facilities than that State then afforded, brought him to Virginia, and placed him in the care of his grandfather. Dr. Edward R. Hunter. Here he was first sent to the school at South-Quay Church, in Nansemond county, where he soon won for himself considerable reputation as a diligent and apt pupil. Having passed through the restricted course of this school, he was transferred, in 1853, to the academy at Riddicksville, North Carolina, then under the charge of Mr. Martin Kellogg. At the academy his honorable deportment secured for him the confidence and esteem of teachers and students, while by diligent application to his studies he merited and received distinction in his classes. When he left the school, after completing the regular curriculum of study, he was, for one of his years, no mean proficient in the classics. He now determined to do something for himself. From his grandfather, to whose kindness he was indebted for the opportuni- ties thus for enjoyed, and for which he was profoundly grateful, he positively declined to receive any additional aid. In furtherance of this purpose, he established himself at Carrsville, Isle of Wight county, as the teacher of a neighborhood school. While supporting himself by this means, he took up the study of Medicine, and prosecuted it industriously under the direction of Dr. TiiomasH. Barnes — a popular practitioner whose old-fashioned hospitality one might go out of his way to make mention of In the fall of 1858, Avitli the hard earnings of the school-room, he shifted the scene to the University of Virginia, and entered the medical class. Here he remained two sessions, at the end of Avhich time he received, as an evidence of his professional attain- ments, a diploma with the degree of Doctor of Medicine. To merit this degree the student must prove by his examination, both written and oral, that he has made satisfactory attainments in Anatomy, Surgery, Human and Comparative Physiology, Prin- ciples and Practice of Medicine, Obstetrics, Materia Medica, Chemistry, Pharmacy, and Medical Jurisprudence. And to show how high a degree of proficiency is required, it may be stated that of those who enter the School of Medicine in the University, only about ten per centum bear off its honors. After a brief season of recreation, Dr. Hunter located at 634 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. j^^.y, Franklin Depot, Southampton county, Virginia, where he at once secured an extensive and lucrative practice. But, as soon as the State of his adoption severed herself from the United States Gov- ernment, he ceased to worship iEsculapius and paid his devotion to gloomy Mars. In April, 1861, he enlisted as a private in the "South Quay Guards," and served in this capacity until merit won him the commission which he bore with so much credit to himself and satisfaction to his command. Upon a more thorough organization of the troops, this company Avas assigned to the 41st Virginia Infantry, under Brigadier-Gen- eral Mahone. During the first year of the war, the 41st being stationed at Sewell's Point, near Norfolk, Dr. Hunter was unable to display the qualities which afterwards recommended him for promotion; but his knowledge of therapeutics and his acquaintance with the malarial diseases of that climate, soon at- tracted the attention of the Surgeon, and he was temporarily assigned to the medical department. In April, 1862, he was elected to a Lieutenancy, from which position he was soon promoted to the command of the company. After the evacuation of Norfolk, Mahone's brigade was brought into active service, and the Captain of Company K, 41st Virginia, soon won the title of " Brave Baker Huxter." He was severely wounded in the knee at Seven Pines, but, under careful treatment, recovered and returned to his command in time to participate in the battles of Frazier's Farm and Malvern Hill. In about two weeks after the latter fight, the Southern army was put in motion to meet General Pope's advance towards the Rupidan ; and we find Captain Hunter on the march to the historic fields of 1861. At the second battle of Manassas he was again wounded, this time in the thigh, and retired from the field ; but at Chaneellorsville he was once more at the head of his company. Throu-gh this baptism of fire and hail he passed unhurt, as also through the entire Get- tysburg campaign. During the period of quiet that succeeded the return of the army from Maryland, Captain Hunter made a profession of Christianity, and henceforward his life was marked by its consist- ency with his profession. The May of the following year brought him again to Spotsyl- vania, the dense jungles of the Wilderness, the thickets about the Court House ; and thence with the Army of Northern Virginia 18(i4. THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 635 he fought and manoeuvred, until, on the 16th of June, that Army faced Grant at Petersburg. During tliis trying period, as indeed through the whole period of his military life, he Avas one of the most efficient officers in the field. Ignoring the privileges which his commission entitled him to, he shared the fare and the fortunes of the private soldier ; uncomplaining under sore privations, he sought the comfort of his men when in camp, encouraged them on the march, and cheered them to the fight. In the trenches around the invested city the same good qualities were conspicuous. On the 30th of July the famous mine of Burnside was exploded. General Mahone was ordered to bring forward his division and repel the assault of the enemy through the crater. The com- mand had been successfully executed and the Federals driven back to iheir own works, when Baker Hunter was killed while unnecessarily exposing himself to watch the effects of our mortar shells. Much has been said of individual merit during the progress of this work; but few have better deserved to be spoken of in terms of commendation than he whose life has just been briefly traced. Brave and faithful as a soldier, courteous and true to his friends, cultivated in mind and in heart, he Mas an ornament to the State that gave him birth as well as to that of his adoption — Virginia — on whose soil he now rests. THOMAS R. JONES, Captain and Staff Officer, Army of the Mississippi. Not a few of our Alumni Avill gratefully recall the lavish hos- pitality which used to be dispensed at "Social Hall," Charlottes- ville, the residence of Colonel John R. Jones ; and none of these will fail to remember the manly form, handsome features, and courteous manners of his son, the universally popular " Tom Jones." Born on the 8th of January, 1825, he lived with his father until 1858, spending the session of 1842-43 at the University, and de- veloped in the mercantile profession business talents of the first order. Indeed, few business men have been more popular. In THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. [August, the winter of 1858-59, he was assistant to the lamented St. George Tucker as clerk of the Virginia House of Delegates, and gave the highest satisfaction in this position. He went to New York in 1859, and was engaged in business there when the opening of the war summoned him to his native State. He promptly en- listed as a private in the Charlottesville Artillery, raised and commanded by Captain William H. Suuthall, and shared all the hardships and dangers of General Magruder's campaign in the Peninsula. He was in the Seven Days' battles around Richmond, and proved himself a good soldier. Soon after these battles he was for a time detailed for service in the Pay Department in Richmond. In the winter of 1862 he was given a staff appoint- ment, with rank of Captain, and ordered to Louisiana, where he served with distinction at Port Hudson and other points. While on sick leave he was taken with a congestive chill and died at Selma, Alabama, August 15th, 1864. His brother (Gen- eral John M. Jones) had fallen at the Wilderness t'hree months before, and he had lost besides three nephews and several cousins. Frank, brave, generous to a fault, as universally popular as he was widely known, many will read with mournful interest this brief tribute, and recognize the propriety of giving the name of Captain Thomas R. Jones a fitting place on the roll of our " Fallen Alumni." W. JAMES KINCHELOE, B. L., 1st Lieutenant, Company C, 49th Virginia Infantry. William James Kincheloe, second son of Brandt Kinche- loe and Mary Rawlings, his wife, was born the 15th of March, 1836, near Rectortown, in Fauquier county, Virginia. His pa- ternal ancestors, who were English, came to Virginia at an .early date, and, settling in Prince William county, continued to reside there until the Revolution. The great-grandfather of young Kincheloe, being a Royalist, and not wishing his sons to be drafted to fight against the Crown, removed in consequence to Fauquier county, which was then a wilderness, and settled and remained there until after the close of the war. He then 1864] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 6S7 divider! his large landed property among his children and re- moved to Tennessee, with the injnnction that they should sell and follow him. A single son, James, remained in Fauquier, and married Elizabeth Hardwick. The fourth son of tliis mar- riage was Brandt Kincheloe, our soldier's father. Mary Rawlings was the fourth daughter of Aaron Rawlings, a native of Annapolis, Maryland, who enlisted at the age of sixteen in defence of his country's liberties, and continued to serve until the close of the Revolutionary War. He married Elizabeth Douglas, and in 1800 removed to Loudoun county, Virginia. After his death Mrs. Rawlings removed to Fauquier, where her daughter Mary was married to Mr. Kincheloe. At the age of three years James Kincheloe was placed in the school-room of his father's private tutor, though of course without much restriction.. It was unfortunate for the little fellow : he was too young, and at once took a dislike to his primer, from which he did not hesitate to tear the leaves, especially that on which his lesson was. His father finally cut the alphabet on a board, and this, despite his efforts to deface it, lasted until he had mastered his letters. But he showed no partiality for study until he reached the age of thirteen or fourteen, preferring outdoor sports, hunt- ing, fishing — indeed, anything rather than the dreaded book. At seven he was taught vocal music, which he learned rapidly. His father, seeing his taste for music and being himself fond of it, purchased him a violin and book of instruction. He soon became master of both, and at the age of fifteen attempted the composition of music. He was taught dancing also, and seemed not less fond of it than of music. At about the age of thirteen his aversion for books began to wear away ; and he turned from the sports wliich until now had enffae-ed him, and devoted himself with assiduity to his studies, making a corresponding progress in the fundamentals of an education. In 1853 he was sent to the "Alexandria Boarding School," under the direction of Mr. Benjamin Hallowell. A report from that gentleman for tlie session 1853-54, now before the writer, placed him in the first class and accredited him with special proficiency in Mathematics. At the end of the second session he was considered by Mr. Hallowell to be prepared to enter the University with advantage. Still retaining his fondness for music, he was able in Alexandria to receive instruction from a profes- sional teacher, and became himself a proficient in the science. 638 THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL, [AuguBt, In the summer of 1855 he returned to Fauquier, and remained on his father's farm for nearly two years, assisting in the plantation work in busy seasons, and continuing his studies at other times. For a few months in 1856 he was engaged as an assistant instruc- tor in Mathematics in the Upperville Military Academy. In 1857 he entered the University of Virginia, taking the schools of Moral Philosophy and Mathematics, and the junior classes of Law. At the end of the session he received distinctions in the Law classes and diplomas in Mathematics and Moral Philo- sophy. The next year he took the fuller course of the Law school, and graduated with the title of Bachelor of Law, He then re- turned to Fauquier and remained with his father until April, I860,' at which time he settled at Warrenton, and became a candidate for the practice of his profession. Attentive to business and upright in his dealings, he bid fair to honor that profession ; but little opportunity was given for forensic discussion, for the distant mutterings of the coming storm were already audible, and the red glare of war was upon the political sky. The minds of people were turning away from private litiga- tion to the great contest impending between the two sections of the country, and in their public gatherings their leading men were frequently called out to address them. Several of Kincheloe's speeches called forth by such occasions, are now before the* writer, but there is not space to insert them. One single extract, from an address before the people of Warrenton, will show the spirit of the man who constantly urged his countrymen to meet the issue with the sword, and thus stay the tide of aggression. : — " . . But our opponents tell us to wait for an overt act; then they are readv for revolution. We say overt acts upon overt acts have been committed, until the very liberty Avhich our Government was intended to guarantee has been turned into slavery. "The history of our country shows that the South has been living in a state of mere forbearance, subjecting herself to evils in order to preserve the glorious fabric of the Union. But when we have been trodden under-foot by fanaticism until the most igno- minious and crouching. slave is ready to cry out against the domi- nation of the ruling power, it is time to begin to think of the few rights that have been left us." True to the principles enunciated in his public addresses, KiN- CHELOE entered at once into the military service of his country. 1804.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 639 At the organization of the "Fauquier Guards" he was elected Orderly Sergeant. On the 4th of July the ladies of Warrenton presented the company with a handsome flag, and Sergeant Kin- CHELOE was chosen to make the speech accepting it on behalf of his company. One sentence of this address will probably be re- membered by his surviving comrades. Said he to the ladies : — ''When we return to tell the story of victory, grant us this last boon : Decorate the graves of our slain with the floioers of spring, and their monuments with the mottoes of liberty.''^ A few days after the delivery of this address, which was loudly applauded, the company having received arms and equipments, was ordered to Manassas. Here it was made Company C of the 49th Virginia Infantry, Colonel (Governor) AVilliam Smith. There is no evidence before the writer that Kincheloe was en- gaged at the first battle of Manassas, thoiigh it is known that his command was. But a long enough list follows after this: — Wil- liamsburg, Seven Pines, Frazier's Farm, INIaivern Hill, Second Manassas, Fredericksburg, Chaucellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilder- ness, Spotsylvania Court House, Winchester. At Williamsburg his younger brother Wickliffe was wounded, taken prisoner, and carried to Fortress Monroe ; and there he re- mained, snifering and growing weaker from his wound. On the 15th of September following he wrote to James (who was now Adjutant of his regiment) stating his condition. The letter was accomi)anied by one from Dr. McCay, Surgeon in charge, stating that " \.\\e presence of some of his friends was actually necessary for the safety of his life." Communication between Richmond and F<)rtr( ss Monroe was at this time very slow, and tiic letters reached tiieir destination only after some weeks. xVdjutant Kix- CHELOE at once obtained a furlough and set 5fF; but every eflbrt failed, for passports were prohibited by general orders, and the Federal Gtjvernment required the oath of all who visited the fort. It was j)r(jbal)ly as well, for the poor boy had died on the'22d of Septeuilnr, before his brother could have reached him, even with every facility at his command. Tiie family had no news of this sad event until about the end of January, 18G3, when James wrote to !iis father: — "My heart," said he "is too sad to ex[)ress my fcL'iiiijjS. Since yesterday, when I received the mournful in- telligenc , 'Many tears have dropped from my eyes, and I have felt that i ')idd weep myself away for the sake of him 640 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [August, For my dear mother's sake, break this sad news softly upon her ears. For my sisters' sake, tell them of it mildly." After the battle of Seven Pines he returned to his company as 2d Lieutenant, and held thi^ until promoted at Gettysburg, in consequence of the death of 1st Lieutenant Mitchell. On the second day (at Groveton, August 29th) of the second battle of Manassas, he was wounded in the thigh, and consequently was not with the army when it went into Maryland. He re- covered, however, and returned to his command in time to take part in the battle at Fredericksburg, December 13th, 18r»2. From " Camp near Guinea's Station," he wrote in the following Jan- uary to his sister, letters from which extracts will show his spirit, under the pressure of hard service, and the knowledge that his family was suffering from the outrages of the enemy. He had anticipated both ; for on the 21st of March, 1862, when the army had fallen back from Manassas to the Rapidan, he wrote to his father: — "I never could have deserted my home save in so sacred a cause; but such is the soldier's fate, sad as it may be. I suppose the enemy are all around you by this time, and will no doubt damage and destroy much of your property." The enemy had by this time had opportunity to plunder private property, and had done their work faithfully. "I am sorry," says one of his letters in January, 1863, "to hear father lost so much by the Yankees. Tell him not to mind it, but brave it like an Indian warrior, who never lets his countenance change, no matter what misfortune befalls him. But unlike him, pray for the happy riddance of so vile an enemy." Another letter without date says : — " My greatest concern, how- ever, about you all, is the means of subsistence. I know not what the people in the county do for something to cat; as from my personal -observation when there last, and from hearsay, thoy have no possible support. What will be the extent of suffering this winter? I hope God will provide for you all. If you have any wool I would advise you to have weaving done. My hope is that you all may be enabled to sustain yourselves comfortably, and as ftir as the nature of things will admit, happily. . . Let me tell you one thing which people not used to our army do not believe. It is that the soldier roith all his ills, with all his sufferings and dangers, is the most cheerful being in the country. At home all is long-faced despondency, dreary imaginations and visions of disas- ]S';4.] THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 641 ters and misfortunes. In tlie iirmy everything is hope, cheerful- ness and liigh expectation. And I may unhesitatingly say the best cure for a hypociiondriac is, to visit the army." In nearly all his letters he made mention of a younger brother, whose education, in danger of neglect under the stress of war, he was deeply solicitous about. In one of them he used the follow- ing language: — "I laid an application before the board at Lex- ington for the admission of Robert as a State cadet. I think there is but little chance for him to get the appointment, although I had him recommended by influence. Tell Bob for me not to spend an idle night. Study ! study ! study ! and prepare himself for man- hood. Teach him Algebra, Geometry, Chemistry — the sciences deep and solid. He will never be a man nnless. . . . Tell him to do this; and like many who never saw anything but obscurity, in a hovel, over a few coals of fire and a dingy lamp, a shining light will break forth before him, and some day when occasion calls, he will feel himself great because he has done it all himself." Chancellorsville followed in May, and then the invasion of Pennsylvania, and the battle of Gettysburg. Lieutenant Kixche- LOE described these great actions with graphic power ; but there is not room for his letters. Concerning the Pennsylvanians he wrote in his diary now before me, "The citizens are terribly frightened everywhere we go, and all they ask is to spare their lives. All else is at our will. Most all the inhabitants we see say they are for 2jcace, and belong to the copperhead class of democrats." At the Wilderness his brigade (Pegram's) was engaged each day. At Spotsylvania Court House he was painfully wounded near the close of the fight on the 12th of May, by a piece of shell which struck him on the shoulder. He was sent to Richmond, and did not rejoin the army again until the middle of "July. His brigade then belonged to the command of General Early, and was engaged in the Valley. Some six weeks after — weeks of active and toilsome duty, during which the Confederates were marching and countermarching, con- stantly skirmishing and sometimes hard pressed by the enemy — Lieutenant Kinciieloe fell mortally wounded, and died without a word. The circumstances were these: — On the mornino- of the 29th of August, 1864, the Federal cavalry, two divisions, attacked and defeated the Confederate cavalry near Smithfield, in Jeflferson county. The infantry was called out, and the skirmishers 41 642 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL, [September, thrown foward drove the enemy back. Pegrani's brigade was ordered to halt and presently to face about. As Kincheloe gave the command "Right about, Company C ! " he was seen to fall, and upon examination was found to be shot in the back of the head, the ball penetrating the brain. The report of the gun was not heard. He was buried in the cemetery at Smithfield, whose ladies, we will hope, "decorate his grave with the flowers of spring." To the simple statement of a life like this nothing can be added to increase its praise. To the duties of a company officer had been added, since October 1863, those of Judge-Advocate for Early's division. He was thus brought in closer relation with his brigade-commander, whose letter fitly closes this article : — " Near Brucetowx, Virgixia, \ September 4ith, 1864. J " My Dear Sir .— " Although I have not the pleasure of your acquaintance, I avail myself of Mr. Anderson's kindness to offer you my most sincere sympathy in the loss of your gallant and gifted son. I was thrown with him more intimately than with most of the young officers in my command, and thus had an opportunity of appreciat- ing his many noble and attractive qualities — qualities which must render his loss to you, as well as to his regiment, an irreparable one. With the prayer that God may soften this affliction to his mother and to yourself, I am, " In haste, and very truly yours, " John Pegram. " 3Ir. Brandt Kincheloe, " Fauquier county, Virginia." WILSON S. NEWMAN, 1st Lieutenant, commanding Company A, 13th Virginia Infantry- Wilson Scott Newman, son of James and Mary Scott New- man, was born at " Hilton," Orange county, Virginia, on the 7th of May, 1831. 18G4.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 643 From infancy to early boyhood lie was extremely delicate, and not till he was of an age to indulge in rustic sports was there any promise of that mental and bodily vigor which subsequently characterized him. He was prepared at home to enter the Academy of Pike Powers, Esq., in Staunton, and was there prepared for the University of Virginia, which he entered in October, 1850. He was at the University during the sessions of '50-'51, '51-'52, '54-'55, and '55-56. During the intervening sessions he taught a school for boys at the residence of J. Ravenscroft Jones, Esq., Brunswick county, Virginia, and gave the highest satisfaction to his patrons. On his return to the University he took law, and certain other studies which seemed most directly tributary to his chosen profes- sion. He graduated in several schools, and took distinctions in others. He was Final Orator of the Washington Society in 1855, and made a most excellent address with which his Society was highly gratified. He completed his legal studies at the Law School of Judge John W. Brokenbrough, in Lexington. While here he was a member of the celebrated Franklin Society, and was considered one of its ablest debaters. In December, 1858, he married in Lexington Miss M. L. White, daughter of the late Mathew White, and sister of Mrs. General Frank Paxton. The married life of few men has been happier, and the society of his wife and two beautiful and inter- esting children seemed to fill his cup of worldly joy. Locating himself at the county-seat of his native county, he was beginning to get a fine practice; the road to political prelerment, which he coveted, seemed opening before him, and large " success in life" within his grasp. But on the 17th day of April, 1861 — a day memorable in the annals of the country as the one on which Virginia passed her ordinance of secession and hoisted the flag of Southern independ- ence — the whole current of his life was changed. Learning about an hour before that the " Montpelier Guards," to which his three younger brothers belonged, were ordered by telegram from Governor Letcher to be ready to take a train of cars at sundown that evening, he promptly enlisted as private in the company, left his business and domestic affairs to be taken care of as best they might, and hastened to unite his fortunes with that noble baud of 644 THE UKIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. [September, Virginia youths who at the first tap of the drum rushed to the capture of Harper's Ferry and the defence of our border. Tliis company, soon after its arrival at Harper's Ferry, was at- tached to tlie 13th Virginia Infantry, of which A. P. Hill (after- wards Lieutenant-General) was Colonel, James A. Walker (after- wards Major-General) was Lieutenant-Colonel, and J. E. B. Terrill (afterwards Brigadier-General) was Major. Never did nobler officers command nobler men, or lead them to a more brilliant career. It was the proud privilege of the present writer to be a member of that famous regiment, and to mingle freely with the men who composed it, amid every circumstance of hardship, privation, and danger, to march with them along the weary road, bivouac with them in the pelting storm, minister to them in the loathsome hospital, and share with them dangers of the battle-field ; he there- fore speaks what he knows when he affirms that the war did not produce a more splendid regiment than the 13th Virginia Infantry. General Ewell said of it :- — ■" It is the only regiment I know that never fails." General J. E. B. Stuart, who frequently had it on out- post duty and under whom it fought at Sharpsburg, characterized it as "the regiment that ahvays does exactly what I tell them." General Early was accustomed to say of it : — " They can do more hard fighting and be in better plight afterwards than any men I ever saw;" and General R.E.Lee not long since remarked to the writer: — " It was a splendid regiment; one of the very best in the service." We can pay AVilson Newman no higher compli- ment than to say that he M'as universally regarded one of the best soldiers in the regiment. We have not space to enter into the details of his military career; that would be to write the history of his regiment, and that would be to give the history of the Army of Northern Vir- ginia. Suffice it to say that he participated in all the movements by which General Johnston eluded Patterson and marched to the relief of Beauregard at Manassas, and went with Ewell to join Jackson in the spring of '62, and shared all the hardships and glories of that brilliant campaign which drove Banks beyond the Potomac and crushed Fremont and Shields at Cross Keys and Port Republic. Confined to his bed by sickness, he did not par- ticipate in the Seven Days' Battles around Richmond, but joined his regiment in time to share with them the honor of saving the day at Cedar Run Mountain, and go with them to Second Ma- 1SC4.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 645 nassas, where he was severely wounded. On his return to his command, just before it left the Valley for the first battle of Fred- ericksburg, he was at once made A. A. G. of the brigade by his old Colonel (Walker), whose keen eye had seen in Lieutenant Newman the highest qualities of the soldier. He discharged the duties of this position to the entire satisfaction of both superiors and subordinates, participated in the first and second battles of Fredericksburg, and returned to the command of his company just before the Gettysburg campaign. He was constantly at his post during the whole of this year, and on the oj^ening of the bloody campaign of '64 he was an active participant in the almost daily battles from the Wilderness to Cold Harbor, He went with General Early to drive Hunter .from Lynchburg, marching the whole length of the Valley of Virginia, defeating General Lew. Wallace at Monocacy Junction, and peeping in at the gates of the Federal Capital. He was in all of Early's subsequent movements, and was one of that heroic band of fifteen hundred, composing the division of the gallant Pegram, who, on the ill-fated 19th of Sep- tember, at Winchester, kept back during nearly all the morning the whole of Sheridan's splendidly-appointed army, Alas ! he was fighting his last battle. Just as the small division of Pegram had been reinforced by R-odes (who was there to yield up his noble life) and Gordon, and Early was sternly advancing his whole line and driving the enemy before him, Wilson Newman, with the shout of victory on his lips, fell mortally wounded. Pie was conveyed to Winchester, recognized by some of the noble women of that noble town, and most tenderly nursed ; but he remained entirely unconscious, and knew not that Early's victory had been turned into defeat by Sheridan's splendid cavalry, and that he was dying in the enemy's lines. He lingered only a few days, and died, one of the noblest sacrifices which even Virginia laid on the altar of independence. We cannot better portray the character of this young man than by giving the following letter from General James A. Walker, of Newborn, Pulaski county, Virginia: — " My acquaintance with Lieutenant Wilson S. Newman com- menced at Winchester in July, 18G1, just before General John- ston's army began its march across the mountain to join General Beauregard at IManassas. Pie was then a Sergeant in Company A, 13tli Virginia Infantry, Colonel A. P. Hill commanding, in 646 THFJ UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [September, the volunteer service, men of education and high social i)Osi- tion often filled the ranks, and social intercourse between officers and privates was in many cases free and untrammelled. Especially was this true of the 13th Virginia Infantry at the beginning of the war, when four-fifths of its rank and file was composed of young men of the best families, many of them graduates of Colleges and Universities. Lieutenant JSTewman was a frequent and always a welcome visitor at regimental headquarters ; and his fine social qualities, his ready humor, and gocxl sense, joined to his dignified and gentlemanly deportment, made him a favorite Avith all the officers and men of the regiment. From the Colonel command- ing to the humblest private in the regiment, he was known and re- spected by all as a high-toned gentleman, a brave soldier, and a kind and genial companion. The writer of this had the pleasure of knowing him intimately during the eventful years of 1861-62, and up to the battle of Chancellorsville in 1863, during a portion of which time he served on his staff as acting aide-de-camp, and no braver or truer soldier was to be found in the Southern army. He was always at his post, doing his whole duty without seeking ap- plause or fame ; content to occupy any position assigned him, with- out other reward than the approval of his own conscience. " As a soldier his distinguishing trait was quiet, cool courage, which remained unmoved and unshaken amid the most terrific storms of shot and shell, and an unselfish patriotism which never looked beyond his country's cause to his own promotion or ad- vancement. His own performances were never the subjects of his conversation ; and while he was generous in bestowing praise upon others, he never mentioned himself. " Though before unused to hardships and privations, he bore the fatigues and suiFerings of a soldier's life with fortitude, and even cheerfulness. In Jackson's brilliant campaign in the spring of 1862, when he had driven Banks across the Potomac and was retreating up the Valley pursued by three armies, many of his soldiers were entirely barefooted, and among others Lieutenant Newman, who marched for several days over the broken gravel of a macadamized road, with his feet worn out, bleeding, and swollen to twice their natural size. Among the many noble spirits who fought for South- ern rights and independence there was none braver or nobler than Lieutenant Wilson S. Newman ; and when he fell on the bloody and ill-fated field of Winchester, one of the best and truest of ^3(;4] THE UKIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 647 Virginia's sons offered his life a willing sacrifice on the altar of his comitrj, beloved and regretted by all who knew him. Had he survived the war he would doubtless have attained a high position in his profession and in public esteem, for he was endowed with a mind of uncommon vigor, well cultivated, and might with- out difficulty have attained any position to which he aspired; but the decree of an all- wise Providence struck him down in the darkest hour of our struggle, and he sleeps with hundreds of gallant comrades ' whose silent tents are spread on fame's eternal camping-ground.' The dearest and tenderest ties which bound him to this earth have been severed, but it must be a source of consolation to his friends to dwell upon his many manly virtues, and to reflect that he died 'on the field of glory ' ; and that his memory is cherished and loved, not only by his family and kindred, but by all who knew him. Especially is his name dear to his old comrades of the 13th Virginia Regiment, who will ever mention and cherish it with tender affection." The above fitting tribute from the splendid soldier who used to lead so heroically the " Old 13th," the " 4th Virginia Brigade," and the " Stonewall Brigade," and who led Early's old division to Appomattox Court House, leaves the writer of this sketch but little to add. And yet he would do violence to his feelings if he did not say that an intimate association with Wilson Newman at college, and in the army, enables him to endorse, without reserve every word of commendation in General Walker's tribute. A purer patriot, braver soldier, truer friend never lived. The stranger who visits the beautiful cemetery at "Lexington, in the Valley of Virginia," will of course be most attracted to the graves of Stonewall Jackson, General Frank Paxton, and other men of rank and mark who sleep in its silent shades. But the survivors of the ever glorious "" Old 13th " — the Alumni of the University of Virginia — and the wide circle of those who knew and loved him, will not fail to linger around the tomb and drop a tear on the grave of our noble brother, Wilson Scott New- man. 648 THE UNIVERSITY MEMUEIAL. [SeptemlDer, JOHN LEWIS, Adjutant, 36th Virgiuia Infantry. John Lewis was born December 31st, 1841. He was the son and youngest child of James A. and Prudentia Lewis, of Charles- town, Virginia. His father died just before the war began, and his mother survived the surrender of the Southern forces only a year. In the fall of 1860 he entered the University as a student of Medicine; but in the following May he returned home Avith the intention of joining the "Kanawha Rifles," a company recently mustered into the Provisional Army of Virginia, and of which some of his nearest relatives were members. His elder brother, who was also his guardian, endeavored to persuade him not to enlist as a common soldier, but to prosecute his studies to gradua- tion, and then, if the war lasted so long, enter the army in the medical department. John gave finally an unwilling promise to pursue this course, and remained some weeks in Charlestown, as he said, "trying to study"; but about the 20th of June, feeling that he " couldn't stand it any longer," he made his appearance at the camp of " The Rifles," then at Valcoulon, dressed in the uniform of the company, and had his name enrolled. It is well known to his family that John Lewis entered the service with the determination to fight it through as a private sol- dieVy saying that he would rather distinguish himself for personal prowess than to have the mere insignia and trappings of command ; and it was not without difficulty that his mother prevailed upon him to relinquish this purpose and consent to be voted for by his comrades in their company elections. Very early in the war he made a reputation as a marksman, and consequently was always a select man for the corps of sharpshooters. Generally, and by his own request, he was on the skirmish-line. His regiment — the 22d Virginia Infantry — was composed originally of border men from Western Virginia. It was com- manded first by Colonel C. Q. Tompkins, and, after his resigna- tion, by Colonel George S. Patton, formerly of Richmond. Until the summer of 1864 it belonged to the department of Western Virginia, and by consequence took jmrt in none o^ the. great battles of the war previous to that date; yet it was, during all this 1864.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 649 period, doing very hard service in the region of country lying between Droop Mountain and the Tennessee line, fighting fre- quently, and often winning victories over superior forces. It was said of John Lewis by his comrades that he was in every engage- ment — battle or skirmish — in which his company participated. On Scaiy Creek with General Wise, in July, 18G1, and at Carnifex Ferry under General Floyd, on the 10th of the following Septem- ber, he made reputation for coolness and bravery. In '62 he was elected 3d Sergeant of his company, in '63 2d Sergeant, and later in the same year Orderly Sergeant. In this capacity he acted with entire satisfaction to officers and men until the next vacancy occurred in '64, when he was elected 2d Lieutenant. In at least one subsequent engagement he commanded the " Kanawha Hifles." The first battle in the Valley in which he took part was at New Market, where, on the 15th of May, 1864, Breckenridge won a brilliant victory over the forces of General Sigel. The following is a co])y of a letter which he wrote in pencil the next morning to his mother, then residing Avith her son-in-law, Hon. William Fra- zier, at Rockbridge Alum Springs : — " Camp near New Market, Mmj IQth. ^'Dear 3Iother : — Supposing you will hear of our fight at this place, you would be naturally anxious to hear from us. Firstly, I came out safe and untouched. Only two of our boys were wounded: Ben Noyes in the foot and Charlie Reynolds in the arm. It was the prettiest fight I ever saw. We fought in open fields (a new thing for us). Tiie troops behaved splendidly. The Yankees fought stubbornly, but were obliged to give way before the steady advance of our men. Our old regiment made her first charge and captured three pieces of artillery. *A Yankee regiment charged us with fixed bayonets ; but our little Colonel very coolly lialted us when they had come within about sixty yards of us, and ordered us to fix bayonets. They saw it and thought that was entirely too cool, so they broke and ran in great confusion, and then how we did pour it into them! I have not time- to write you much more ; will write again. " Monroe Querrier was badly wounded. I do not know of any more of your acquaintances that were hurt. It is the next morn- ing after the fight, so I can't give you any very correct amount of our loss; but as near as I can learn, our division and Iraboden lost 650 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [September, about three or four hundred. The Yankee loss estimated at con- siderably over a thousand, " I never saw troops handled the way ours were yesterday by General Breckenridge. Oh! it was magnificent! done up accord- ing to Gilhani ! Give me the open field always after this. I think we captured seven pieces of artillery in all. -f- Rand [commonly called by his comrades Plus Rand] sends you and sister Sue his regards. "Good-bye, dear mother. I expect you v/ill hear from us again before long, as soon as we repair the bridge which the enemy burned over the Shenandoah. " Your son, John Lewis." From the Valley Breckenridge came, shortly after the battle of New Market, to reinforce the Army of Northern Virginia, and his command was in all the fights against Grant from the time General Lee reached Hanover Junction until tlie conflict around Richmond was over. " About 4| A. M. to-day," said General Lee in his official report of June 3d, 1864, " the enemy made an attack, on the right of our line. . . . He succeeded in pene- trating a salient in General Breckenridge's line and captured a portion of the line there posted. General Finnegan's brigade, of Mahone's division, and the Maryland battalion of Breckenridge's command, immediately drove the enemy out with severe loss." In this salient the 22d Virginia was posted, and a considerable part of it was captured by Hancock's troops when they broke over our works. Among the prisoners, most of whom were recovered in a few moments, was John Lewis. During the brief interval of captivity he was both the subject and the avenger of a remark- able act of treachery. The incident, narrated by himself and witnessed by a dozen of his comrades, is as follows : — While inside the Yankee line, and before they were called on to surrender, John seeing a Federal flag-bearer approaching shouting for victory and flaunting his colors over the captured works, could not resist the temptation to shoot him. Just as he was about to fire, a Captain appeared upon the scene and ordered him to put down his gun. Bringing his piece to an " order arms " he said, " I sur- render." No sooner had he done so, however, than that officer fired upon him with his pistol, the ball passing through liis coat sleeve. He immediately raised his gun and shot the Yankee 1.C4.1 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. • Gol Captain dead. A private, probably witnessing the action as he M-as pushing on, raised his gun when the Captain fell, and fired upon John Lewis, the ball passing through his hat and grazing the scalp. He thereupon seized a gun which one of his comrades had thrown down ; at that instant were heard the victorious shouts of Finnegan's brigade as they pressed back the enemy and re- gained the lost ground ; the Federal turned to retreat, and receiv- ing in his back his death-wound, fell not many paces distant. Reference is made to this incident in the followinp^ letter to his brother, James F. Lewis. It was written in pencil on a scrap of soiled, greasy paper, torn apparently from some old ledger or account-book. There is probably an error of a day in the date : — " In Reserve, June 5th. " Dear Urother : — Thinking you may be uneasy about me, I will drop you a line. We had warm work yesterday. The whole of our company nearly was captured, but our men coming up at a charge, almost immediately afterwards, a great many of us were left behind by the retreating Yankees. Only eighteen of the company were captured for good. Twelve of them you know: — Lieutenant Donaldson, John Matthews, J. Chambers, A. M., and A. V. Donally, J. Noyes, (Poca), Creed and Bush. Parks, John Patrick, A. Singleton, Tully, Will AVilsou. Lance Arnold, badly wounded in head, died last night. Frank Ma3's slightly wounded. Jim, I have the glorious satis- faction of knowing certainly that I killed two Yankees. One of them, an officer, shot at me with a pistol not over ten steps after they had taken vis and our works, the bullet passing through my coat sleeve. I returned the compliment, and killed him instantly; the other one as they retreated. He had put a ball through my hat, I am sorry to say, for it ruined it. If you can, I wish you would write to Ma, and let her know I am safe. I have no ma- terials to write. Can't you come down and see us ? Better not, tlio', for it is about as dangerous here as in line of battle. " Your brother, John Lewis." In one of the fights around Richmond Captain Richard Cun- ningliam, the Adjutant of the 3Gth Virginia Infantry, was \vounded and disabled ; and John Lewis was, at the request of its com- mander. Colonel Thomas Smith, assigned to duty as Adjutant of 652 • THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. [September, that regiment. In this capacity he served during the brief re- mainder of his life. With Ewell's Corps — then commanded by Early — he moved from the Chickahominy about the middle of June, and, after the repulse of Hunter, at Lynchburg, down the Valley. From " near Brownsburg," he wrote thus under date of June 26 : — "Dear Mother : — I am sorry I could not come by to see you. I can assure you it was no fault of mine. I applied for a pass for forty-eight hours, but finding it had to go from the Colonel of the regiment all the way up to Lieutenant-General Early (and l)ack to the Colonel again) I gave it up in disgust. I am very glad you have at last had an opportunity of seeing Jim. ' I think he is looking remarkably well. As tar as Jam concerned, I never was in better health in my life, altlio' I feel considerably broken down. We have seen much hard service since I saw you last, both in marching and fighting. So far I have escaped unhurt. At Cold Harbor I had two bullets put through my clothes ; by the way, one of them completely spoiling that nice hat sister Sue fixed up for me on her sewing-machine. ... I have not seen sister Annie yet. ... I will write you from Staunton if we stay there a day or two, as I think Ave will be almost compelled to do, for both men and horses are more completely broken down than I ever saw them in my life. AVe have rested only three days since the 5th of May, and have marched (not travelled) over five hundred miles. I have tolerably good clothing yet. . . . " Your son, John Lewis." In a subsequent visit to Rockbridge he brought back the hat which his sister, Mrs. Frazier, had fashioned for him on her machine ; it bore the two perforations of the bullet. In the disastrous fight at Winchester, September 19th, 1864, he fell in the very midst and thickest of the fray. His lifeless body, though carried some distance by a comrade, had to be abandoned on the field. It was not recovered ; nor have the most diligent inquiry and search been able to identify his burial-place. With Colonel Patton — who fell on the same field — his soldierly qualities made him a great favorite ; and he was not less so with " the boys," who regarded him as brave as the bravest. -1S(;4.] THE U^'IVERSITY MEMORIAL. 653 ALEXANDER S. PENDLETON, Lieutenant-Colonel, and A. A. G., 2d Corps, Army Northern Virginia. In a work whose noble object it is to preserve some memorial of the distinguished sons of our University, and especially of those who fell upon the field of honor, no name more fitly finds a place than that at the head of this article. From her halls he went forth to do battle to the death for his country. Right nobly did he bear himself in the trying contest; and tiiougli cut off in the flower of youthful manhood, it was not until he had reared a monument of honorable and lasting distinction. His native State possessed no son of nobler character and virtues; poured on the altar of patriotism no purer or costlier libation than his blood. Alexander Swift Pendleton was born at Howard, Fairfax county, Virginia, (the site of the Episcopal High School of which his father, the Rev. W. N. Pendleton, D. D., was then rector), on September 28th, 1840. His early years w^ere Avatched over with the most assiduous care by his parents, and his subsequent career bears testimony to the fidelity with which both mind and charac- ter were thus early developed and trained. When about ten, upon the removal of his family to Frederick City, Maryland, he was placed at school, having already been taught English at home, and having advanced considerably in Latin. So rapid was his pro- gress at school, that when Dr. Pendleton removed to Lexington in 1853 he was entered at Washington College though but little over thirteen years of age. Here his career was uniformly suc- cessful and brilliant. Though the youngest in his class, a mere child in appearance and ingenuousness, he soon took the lead, dis- playing at this early day the vigor and maturity which afterwards distinguished him. His most intimate friends were the oldest and best men in the class. While in his Senior year, and before he was sixteen, he was appointed tutor in Mathematics; and at the commencement in 1857, before the completion of his seventeenth vear, he graduated at the head of his class, carrying off the first honor and the Cincinnati oration as his prize. His speech on this occasion is said to have been remarkable for excellence, and elicited from a distinguished United States Senator present, a most flat- tering prediction as to the future eminence of tiie young speaker. When about fifteen he united himself to the Episcopal Church, 654 THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. [September, and after this time his education was directed with reference to a thorough ^preparation for the great work of the Christian ministry. The two years following graduation at Washington College were spent in teacliing, partly in a private school at home and partly in the College, where he continued for a time as Tutor. On the death of Professor Fishburn in the early part of 1858 he was appointed to carry the Sophomore class through the Latin course, which he did with acceptance and success. With the additional development and maturity obtained in these two years, and the widened information acquired by reading and travelling during the vacations, he entered the University of Vir- ginia in the fall of 1859, and maintained and extended there the reputation already gained. He graduated with distinction in one- half the academic schools the first year, and was a candidate for the Master's degree in the second. While a thorough and system- atic student, he was by no means merely this. His animal spirits were always high, and he was a prominent member of the cricket club, gymnastic class, and military company, which were favorite features of University life during the session of 1860-61. His piety, too, while of the cheerful, was of the useful and earnest kind. As one of the most active members of the Young Men's Christian Association he was accustomed to walk miles into the country on every Sunday, as Sunday-School teacher; and it was during this winter he determined, in order that he might the more speedily enter upon the duties of his chosen profession, to sacrifice the long-cherished desire of spending some years in Germany after the completion of his University course. But before the end of the session of 1860-61 the war was upon us. Prevented by the wishes of his father from joining the students who went to the capture of Harper's Ferry, he became impatient to join the army, especially after that father had himself taken the field. He was prevailed on to remain for a time ; but having received during the final examinations an appointment to a 2d Lieutenancy, he at once gave up College and reported at Harper's Ferry. Here he M'as soon invited by Colonel, afterwards General Jackson, to become his A. D. C, and ever after continued in posts of constantly increasing trust and importance with this great man, and with his successors in command of the 2d Corps, Army Northern Virginia. For conspicuous gallantry at Falling Waters, July 2d, and at 1864.] THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 655 Manassas, July 21st, 1861, General Jackson sought and obtained for Lieutenant Pendleton promotion to the rank of 1st Lieu- tenant, Confederate States Array. Subsequently, for eminent merit in every battle and in all arduous duty, he was again and again recommended for promotion by the same great soldier. He was made Captain just after the Seven Days' battles in 1862, and in the latter part of the same year received the commission of Major. Rising step by step in the confidence and regard of General Jack- son, he finally became his confidential and efficient Adjutant-Gen- eral, an i real, though not official, Chief of Staif. . His coolness, good judgment and energy were conspicuous at Chancellorsville upon the fall of Jackson ; and when General Ewell succeeded to the command he became the principal A. A. G. of the corps, and was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. In this position he remained until his death, siiariug all the subsequent arduous service and severe battles of this celebrated corps, and contribut- ing no little to its efficiency and success. When in June, 1864, General Early succeeded General Ewell and was detached and sent to the Valley of Virginia, Colonel Pendleton continued with Early as Chief of Staff, and participated in the whole of that memorable march from the banks of the Chickahominy, by way of Lynchburg, Salem, Winchester and Frederick City, to the very gates of Washington — a march in which Hunter was driven beyond the Alleghanies, the whole Valley cleared of the enemy, Wallace defeated at Monocacy, and the Federal adminis- tration made to tremble for its Capital. Before this exj^edition was begun Colonel Pendleton was offered a brigade, but after mature deliberation he declined the honor, from a conviction that he held a position in which he.could be of more efficient service to the army. In September, 1864, Early's bold game was checked. The little band of from 10,000 to 12,000 men with which he had made his audacious campaign, had drawn against it a triple or quadruple force under General Siieridan. The latter attacked at Winchester on the 19th of Se])tember, and never were Colonel Pendleton's coolness, daring, and efficiency better displayed than during that long and hotly-contested day. When, finally, in the evening the Confederates were forced from the field, he exerted himself to the utmost to preserve order, and secured the withdrawal of the trains and material of the army without loss. General Early took posi- 656 THE UNIVERSITY MEMOB.IAL. [September, tion at Fisher's Hill, and tlie next two clays were spent in rectifying the disorganization and losses of the preceding battle. On the 22d Sheridan again attacked, and having extended his line beyond the Confederate left, turned that flank, and soon with overwhelming numbers drove Early from his position. A portion of the artillery on the line was captured, and this loss added to the confusion of the troops. Pexdletox used every effort in his power to stay the tide of defeat. He was to be seen everywhere aiding the Gen- eral in command and others in rallying the troops and taking measures to stop the hostile advance. He escaped all the dangers of this terrible day until the battle was almost over. Just at dusk, as he was directing the firing of some guns with which he had checked the enemy's progress, he was struck in the groin by a rifle-ball and fell mortally wounded. Having been placed in an ambulance, ho was carried to Woodstock, where, in consequence of the pain from his wound, he desired to be left at the house of a kind acquaintance. Here, when informed by his intimate friend and companion. Dr. McGuire, that his wound was almost certainly mortal, he expressed cheerful resignation, and occupied himself between the paroxysms of pain in sending messages of love to his wife and other relatives and friends. About midnight the Confederate rear-guard withdrew from the town. Dr. McGuire then offered to remain Avith him to the last at the risk of being made prisoner, but tlie dying soldier refused to permit it, saying that at such a time of gloom his country could not afford to spare any one from his post of duty.. With Christian fortitude he bore his sufferings, and quietly and peacefully expired on the evening of the next day, September 23d, 1864, five days before the com- pletion of his 24th year. In December, 1863, Colonel Pendleton had been married to Miss Kate Corbin, of Moss Neck, Caroline county, Virginia. During the re-occupation of the lower Valley, a few weeks later, by General Early, the remains of Colonel Pendleton were removed to Lexington, where they fitly rest beside those of his only child, and but a few steps from the grave of the great chieftain whose most honored and distinguished staff-officer he Avas. Few men so young have been called to such positions of respon- sil>ility and trust, and fewer still have proved themselves able to fill them. As a staff-officer. Colonel Pendleton was most ad- mirable and efficient. Quick, vigilant, industrious, he had fine isr4] THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. 65' faculties for the organization and control of men. On the field his energy, coolness, and intelligence made him especially valuable. He possessed a mind remarkable for its thorough training, its vigor, and its versatility. He readily concentrated his powers upon the subject before him, and the grasp of his faculties was as extensive as it was strong, as varied as it was bold. The elements of Jiis character were much like those of his mental organization. Active, bold, vigorous, self-reliant, always determined, always hopeful, he exercised an influence over men far beyond his years. In lofty purpose, in elevation of soul, in all the generous impulses of friendship, and in devoted affection, he had no superior. His religion Avas of the noblest kind, unobtrusive, charitable, that de- lighted rather in deeds than in words, an earnest principle which guided, controlled, sustained him amid the trials of life, and enabled him to meet with perfect calmness and confidence the approach of death. In the long catalogue of youthful sons who sprang to arms at her bidding and fell in her defence, Virginia mourns no one more Avorthy of her grand renown, or whose opening life gave promise of a more useful and distiny-uished future. JOHN L. MASSIE, B. L., Captain of the Fluvanna ArtiUery. Among the exemplaiy sons whom Virginia mourns as martyred heroes in her great struggle against subjugating numbers, scarcely one deserves more grateful remembrance tharf Captain John Liv- ingston Massie, commander, at the time of his fatal wound, September 23d, 1864, of the '' Fluvanna Artillery," one of the batteries constituting the memorably efficient Light Artillery Battalion of the gallant Colonel William Nelson, of Hanover county, Virginia. Captain Massie was the son of Mr. Nathaniel Massie, Avho resided at one time in Waynesboro', Augusta county, Virginia, and at another on an estate in Albemarle county. He was among the younger of eleven children, of whom eight were sons, and of t!»ese several became mei) of mark. 42 658 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [September, Waynesboro' was the place of his birth, and its date was August 19th, 1838. His name, John Livingston, abbreviated into "Livy," became a term of endearment among all who knew him in childhood, at college, and amid the stern demands of war. '' LiVY Massie " was no ordinary boy in moral, mental and physical characteristics, and no ordinary care was taken by his parents for the right development and wise direction of his supe- rior endowments. Nor were the divine promises to parental fidelity unfulfdled in the career of this well-trained son. Friends of his cliildhood remember that, although then strik- ingly handsome, and of unusual size and strength for his years, he seemed never conscious of such advantages, and was, as through life, wholly devoid of vanity and conceit. Sincere and earnest, he was at the same time cheerful, gentle and amiable ; yet also bold and adventurous, and foremost in rare and hazardous enterprises. Fond of all active sports, he was especially distinguished among his young associates as a daring and successful swimmer. Thus even-tempered, generous and tender, while fearlessly resolute, he could not but be Avith young and old universally popular. Although singularly alive to the ludicrous and full of humor, he was iio less endowed with a genuine, kindly dignity which, tempering the mirthful, imparted a salutary influence to the delight taken by companions in his society. With rapidity sehlom surpassed, did young Massie from the outset acquire elementary learning. And the promise of intellectual superiority thus given was not afterwards disappointed. Having with successful diligence pursued preparatory studies in neicrhborhood schools, he entered the Freshman Class in Washington College, Lexington, Virginia, September 1853, being then just fifteen, though for his age every way remarkably well developed. Seldom, even among well-reared sons of the virtuous families of Virginia and her Sister states of the South, are there grouped together such a body of youths as those with whom " Livy Massie " was now associated. His class was a superior one, embracing, with others of distinguished merit, such names as A. S. Pendleton, Alfred Jackson, and W. T. Poague, his dearest friends, perhaps, in all the College. Each of these early achieved honor not to be unrecorded in history. ISM.] THE TJNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 859 Of the gallant and efficient Artillery Battalion Commander, Colonel W. T. Poague, brief and modest mention alone is yet becoming, because he still lives to share the sorrows of his native State, and by his manly example to cheer the hearts of her injured people, his neighbors. Colonels Pendleton and Jackson, however, Massie's cherished friends, fill each, like himself, a patriot's grave, and are therefore entitled to more detailed commemoration. Of the former a succinct- memoir, prepared by one who knew him well, appears in this volume. Of the latter it is hoped a suitable memorial may also be given by some friend acquainted with his character and career. In cordial association with companions of this stamp did " Livy Massie" pass his college term, enjoying their confidence and love as among tiie best-endowed, most genial and most faithftd of their number. His capacity and success as a mathematician were especially conspicuous. With ability and concentration of thouglit rarely surpassed, he generally solved the most difficult problems occur- ring in the applications of Algebra, Geometry and the Calculus. Though from the singular simplicity of his character and his entire exemption from the desire of display, his achievements in there cases were so far from being paraded that they were really known of only by his intimate friends. Some time in his second college year occurred that crisis in his spiritual history which issued in his avowing himself a servant of Christ. He had, indeed, always evinced, as no doubt he had felt, sincere reverence for religion. And his excellencies of dispo- sition and deportment, accompanied by habitual attendance upon worship and use of other means of grace, had seemed to warrant the thought that he was almost, if not altogether, a Christian. Still, when about the date mentioned, during a season of peculiar religious interest in Lexington and its institutions, the great ques- tions of sin and salvation were brought home to his mind as never before, he realized, as till then unappreciated, the soul's wretched- ness out of Christ, and its precious privilege of peace through an accepted Saviour. And, seeking occasion therefor, he connected himself with the Churcii of his family, the Presbyterian Church in Waynesboro'. The earnest Christian life tiius begun was consistentlv main- tained up to the hour of his sutlden summons. 660 THE UNIVEESTTY MEMOEIAL. [September, Snch was the estimate of his talents, attainments and character, that in his Junior year he was appointed tutor to instruct the younger students in mathematics. And the duties thus assigned he continued to discliarge with great satisfaction in addition to his own proper studies until he graduated and left college. Having so well accomplished the usual curriculum, Massie next, at nineteen, in the fall of 1857, entered upon the Academical course in the University of Virginia. The year following, 1858—9, besides completing academical studies, he took part of the Law Course; and in the year thereafter, 1860, received the Piploma of Bachelor of Laws; and was that fall admitted to the bar in Charlottesville ; bearing with him the admiring, affectionate con- fidence of Professors and fellow-students. He had now entered upon a career, which, with his intellect and character, and the prestige of so honorable a preliminary life, presented fairest promise of eminent success. Associated in the profession of his choice with an elder brother, Mr. N. H. Massie, already established in the esteem of the community, and in ex- tensive practice, he experienced none of the wearying delays which too often attend candidates for professional employment, but was introduced at once to the arena of active duty as a practitioner. Soon, however, was this opening career rudely disturbed. Those diversities of race, sentiment, and interest, which had always existed between the people of the Northern and those of the Southern sections of the country, aggravated by persistent injuries of the more powerful against the guaranteed rights of the less populous, and the stern remonstrances of the latter, ever futile, and therefore becoming continually the more threatening, culmin- ated, in 1860 in such triumph of Northern political schemes as to divest the Southern States of proportionate share in the public domain and other common benefits, leave them subject to foreign dictation, without control of their own institutions, and reduce them in flict to actual vassalage. These States, therefore, sought to escape a condition so harass- ing and pernicious, by resorting to their ancient and inalienable sovereignty, and renouncing the violated compact of Union. But not thus were they to be liberated. Not yet has the golden Christian rule attained such control in human communities, especially those of Puritan profession, as to remedy their vulture propensity to hold on to prey once securely grasped. Accord- 18C4.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMOET 661 ingly, the effort at extrication made by the Soutiiern States became the pretext of immediate war for their subjugation. In response to its proclamation by the representative of North- ern plans, Virginia summoned her sons to the rescue. And for her protection they rallied with universal enthusiasm. Of the patriot band, "LiVY Massie" was among the foremost. Learn- ing that the Rev. Dr. Pendleton, who, on accepting command of the '' Rockbridge Artillery," had hastened to Richmond with a view to its armament, was to pass Gordonsvilie en route for Har- per's Ferry, on a certain day, early in May 1861, he that morning took the train from Charlottesville to Gordonsvilie, and there meeting his elder friend, the Rev. Captain, tendered his services as a private in the company. Being of course accepted, he was in- structed to join the battery at its rendezvous as speedily as possible. And with prompt alacrity complying, he became one of the most exemplary members of that justly honored organization. The "Rockbridge Artillery" was in its personnel a fine specimen of that unparalleled mate7-iel which composed the vol- unteer army for Southern defence. Never, perhaps, in the history of warfare has a body of men of such individual elevation, culture and tone, assembled to protect against threatened ruin their homes and their honor. And it was almost inevitable that, in spite of deficiency in arms and training, they should shatter, as tiiey did on every battle-field, invading columns of almost fabulous numbers and equipment. In the " Rockbridge Artillery," Massie found congenial asso- ciation. Choice young men, like himself, including several of his dearest friends,, were on its roll. A fair proportion, however, of another element was also admitted to represeiit the patriotic senti- ment of humble Southern citizens. Such a company, consecrated as it were by daily worship, and pervaded by the spirit of piety, intelligence, and honor, could not but be, as it really Avas from first to last, a model one, in all the high qualities of Christian men and citizen soldiers. In the brilliant affair at Falling Waters, a few miles from Wil- liamsport, on the 2d of July, 1861, tlie first skirmish in the Valley, Massie was No. 1 in the detachment which served the single gun, taken by Captain, afterwards General Pendleton, to cooperate with the handful of infantry carried by General Jackson to " feel " the columns of General Patterson. 662 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [5c;n:ni;.a. After the few companies of inflintry liad well performed their part in checking the enemy's thousands, and creating confusion in their ranks, this single gun, served by Massie and his friends Avith all the coolness and precision of veterans, under a heavy fire of musketry, accompanying that of six or eight field-pieces, played unerringly and with admirable effect upon that line and those guns. Its first fire, well aimed, absolutely crushed and dismayed beyond return an adventurous squadron of cavalry. It next disabled a glittering brass piece, and sent its attendants in pell- mell that was ludicrous even amid the solemnities of battle, double-quick across the field,. And its subsequent discharges, scarcely less effective, so completed the lesson of caution to the invaders that they adventured no further effort at direct advance until General Jackson, satisfied w,ith having thus gently "felt" Patterson, withdrew altogether unmolested his little handful, and having rejoined the main body of his eager brigade, awaited in vain his antagonist's approach. It is related by General Pendleton, with affectionate remem- brance of his friend Ma.ssie's bearing on this occasion, as kindly courteous as it was gallant, that he himself being on foot near the piece, as was General Jackson during the action, and wishing to remount when its withdrawal was directed, found his horse so restive as to render difficult his regaining the saddle, and that Marsie observing the circumstance, immediately stepped up, re- p-ardless of the desultorv fire still continued by some of the enemy's line and guns, and with strong hand held the animal by the bit until his commander was reseated. In the battle of Manassas, three weeks later, the subject of this memoir again exhibited the same high qualities of the man and the patriot-soldier, as he did, indeed, everywhere — in camp, on the march, and amid the roar and carnage of the conflict. When, in the fall of 1861, General Jackson was detached from the army under General Johnston, near Fairfax Court House, and sent to the Valley, the "Pockbridge Artillery," long before chosen as the battery to attend his brigade, took part in the expe- dition. The campaign, prosecuted by Stonewall till near mid- winter, proved severe and trying; and Massie again attracted at- tention by his admirable conduct. He was particularly noticed by the General as managing with conspicuous courage and skill the gun of which, by virtue of being a non-commissioned officer, 1SC4] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 663 he had charge, at Dam No. 5, on the Potomac, in connection with the Chesapeake and Ohio Canah Merit so marked coukl not pass unmentioiied by commanding officers in their reports. Accordingly, this exemplary artillerist was thns repeatedly commended by his commanders ; and Jackson, now seconding the earnest tribute of the battery-Captain, without the knowledge of the efficient Sergeant or his friends, urged upon the ^yar Department at Richmond to reward so admirable a sol- dier by promotion. Massie was, in consequence, before the spring of 1862, com- missioned as 2d Lieutenant in the Regular Army of the Confed- erate States, and ordered to report to General Pendleton, Chief of Artillery. When he reached that officer the Peninsula campaign was in progress; and in it he served for a time uj)on the General's staff. Subsequently he was assigned to the Adjutancy of the artillery battalion under the command of Major, afterwards Colonel, Wil- liam Kelson. On the reorganization of the army, soon after, in May, 1862, one of the companies of the battalion, till then indifferently officered, elected him its 1st Lieutenant; and, as the Captain was absent, under censure, the charge of the company devolved upon him. With accustomed faithfulness he administered its affairs; but in the anomalous condition of the case he did not vacate his Adjutancy, rightly judging that it was unwise wholly to identify himself with a command Avhose control was unlikely to remain permanently in his hands. In the manoeuvres and skirmishes by which McClellan's ad- vance upon Richmond was impeded, up to the bloody day of "Seven Pines," Nelson's battalion well bore its part; and with it the calm, observant Lieutenant, as also in the arduous duties of that day, and in the eventful Seven Days' conflicts, in which the "Young Napoleon" was driven by General Lee from position to position, until he crouched under cover of his gunboats at Harri- son's Landing. In the artillery night attack afterwards made there upon his camp and transports by General Pendleton, from the opposite bank of James River, Massie with Nelson also ren- dered important service. The command, subsequently detained on the James and North Anna Rivers, to assist in covering the Capital against possible sur- 664 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [Septcmb:>r, prise, could not participate in the splendid achievements of Cedar Mountain and Second Manassas. It was brought up, however, in time to aid in pursuing the enemy, and to rendezvous with the main army at Leesburg, preparatory to crossing the Potomac. Here, in consequence of disorders incident to so ceaselessly active a campaign, under a hastily devised system, and in view of emergencies to be anticipated, opportunity was taken to readjust some essential matters of organization. Among these was the consolidation of another inefficient company from the same county with that of which Massie had been elected 1st Lieutenant, and appointing him Captain of the whole ; and it is not too much to say that he proved himself a model company commander, and that his battery soon become one of the most efficient in the service. He proved himself to possess that peculiar power of commanding men Avhich is one of the highest attributes of supe- rior intellect and character. By mingled firmness and kindness he secured at once the respect and the love of his men. So calm was he habitually, so systematic was his administration, and so smoothly moved everything under his hand, that his battery seemed, like a well-adjusted machine, to work itself. Nor was he in the whirl of battle less self-possessed and efficient than he was judicious in camp. The serene steadiness of his eye in extremest danger, and the quiet firmness of his tone in giving orders, evinced alike a physical nerve and a moral force entitled to high admiration. All these qualities were abundantly exhibited in the effective service rendered by his company through the arduous campaign following his promotion, and in the severe contests of 1863 and 1864. As a new Captain in Nelson's battalion, conducting his battery, he crossed the Potomac with the Army of Northern Virginia, in the summer of 1862, Avhen General Lee thus threatened Washing- ton and covered Jackson's assault upon and capture of Harper's Ferry, with its strong garrison and immense stores. In the battle of Sharpsburg, soon after, said to have been brought about to General Lee's disadvantage by the unfortunate falling of one of his despatches into McClellan's hands. Nelson's battalion had not the opportunity of participating, because it was part of a command detached for the purpose of guarding the passes of the Potomac. Excellent service was, however, imme- diately after the battle, rendered by the command of which Captain 1864.] THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 665 Massie's battery was a portion, and by it, under his direction, in arresting the columns of the enemy, which attempted to annoy General Lee's rear on his recrossing the Potomac at Shepherds- town. During an entire day those batteries, without the oppor- tunity of throwing up earthworks of any kind, and supported by only a handful of infantry, kept at bay the enemy's strong artillery on the opposite heights, and the large force of infantry which the drained bed of the canal enabled him to bring under cover to the water's edge. Exemption from disturbance and a season of rest and refreshment were thus secured to the Soutiiern army. Before nightfall several of the batteries had exhausted their ammunition, and after dusk none could fire with precision. For such reasons, and because there too much exposed to capture, they had to be withdrawn at dark, and each by its own route, on account of ravines which prevented their assemblage. The small sup- porting force of sharpshooters about this time giving way, a body of the enemy effected a passage to the southern shore. In the darkness, ruggedness of ground, and consequent isolation of batteries, it was supposed several might be captured, including •Massie's, which had occupied a position most exposed, perhaps, to such casualty ; but with the morning liglit it was found that he had skilfully withdrawn as directed, and tliat no loss of guns had occurred in all the number, save one or two left because the horses for their removal had been killed. The interval of repose which succeeded this encounter was de- voted to those preparations on either side which issued in the memorable attempt and defeat of Burnside at Fredericksburg, December 13th, 1862, where Massie, at his post in Nelson's bat- talion, fought with accustomed skill and effect; as, after maintain- ing his battery in full efficiency through a difficult winter, he did again early in the spring of 1863, with the force under Generals Early and Pendleton in the second battle of Fredericksburg, against Sedgwick, while Generals Lee and Jackson were crushing Hooker at Chanccllorsville. In the reorganization necessitated by the fatal loss of Stonewall Jackson, incurred at Chanccllorsville, May 1863, all the artillery, including the battalions previously unattached for use where most needed, was distributed among the three corps now constituted, and Nelson's battalion was assigned to the 2d Corps, with the eventful career of which, under Ewcll and Early, Massie's gal- 666 THE UNIVEESITY MEMOKIAL. [September, lant service was thenceforward identified. Thus crossed he the Potomac again, when Ewell led the advance into Pennsylvania ; and with the celebrated 2d Corps he shared the brilliant repulse of the enemy the first afternoon at Gettysburg, and the Herculean endeavors of the two days following to repair the error of not pressing on his heels when in full retreat, but pausing and per- mitting him to recover, fortify, and reinforce, in an impregnable position. After General Lee's skilful return from Gettysburg, and repair, as flir as possible, of that great disappointment, followed another season of preparation for continuing the gigantic struggle, which was only partially disturbed by Meade's receding before his great antagonist at Bristow Station and his subsequent punishment in his abortive demonstration at Mine Run, on both of which occasions Massie shared the honorable service of his corps. Another winter now occurred, in which, on account of deficiency of supplies, the task of keeping up artillery to a high standard of efficiency required extraordinary energy. Massie, however, suc- ceeded well with his, and emerged with his battery ia complete order for thorough service at the opening of the great campaign of 1864. In the battle of the Wilderness on the 5th and 6th of May, the 2d Corps constituted the left of the Confederate line, on the old turnpike leading from Orange Court House to Fredericks- buro;, and there Nelson's battalion did its work with habitual vigor, Massie and his battery admirably discharging their duty. Leaving on the bloody field his crushed thousands, Grant, still supplied with mercenaries in immense multitude, essayed to elude General Lee by a flank movement towards Richmond; but he was effectually headed off at Spotsylvania Court House, where the death-struggle was renewed. Here, during a conflict of more than two days. Nelson's battalion defended, ^vith distinguished resolution and success, an exposed central salient, Massie conspicuously sharing the achievement ; and when the enemy, somehow informed of the withdrawal of many guns after nightfall of the 12th of May to be ready for meeting his next flank movement, already observed to be begun, made a heavy night attack on a projecting portion of the line a little to Nelson's left, and succeeded in breaking through, producing temporary local confusion and capturing a number of men and of the guns that had been withdrawn, but brouglit quickly back and not yet unlimbered — Nelson's guns and Mas- 1804.] THE L'NIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 667 sie's among them — -served with masterly energy, contributed an honorable share to the unsurpassed result of remedying the disas- ter, re-establishing the line, and repelling the enemy's vociferous masses. Grant, thus again foiled and shattered, re-filling with accumu- lated numbers his thinned ranks, made another detour to the left, and was successively encountered, with like result, at Hanover Junction, Totopotomoi Creek, and Cold Harbor, Massie, with Nelson, meeting at every point the utmost demand of the occasion. Especially in the last-named j^osition, memorable as the scene of Jackson's great descent upon McClellan's rear, was the battalion to which Massie belonged, and lie himself with his battery, called to prominent service of even more than usual exposure, in the severe chastisement there again inflicted upon the enemy. The vandal Hunter, having now prosecuted his worthy career in burning private residences, granaries, and mills, destroying the libraries and aj)paratus of Washington College and the Virginia Military Institute, and reducing to ashes the beautiful, harmless buildings, Professors' houses, and others, of the latter educational establishment, consuming furniture and turning out shelterless unprotected ladies ayd infants, was threatening Lynchburg with his valinnt torch-bearers. An expedition was therefore organized, primarily to arrest these atrocities and chastise the marauder, and ultimately to .perform more important service. It consisted largely of the old 2d Corps, and was committed to the vigorous and intrepid Early. Of this expedition Xclson's battalion was a valuable element, and with it therefore proceeded Captain Massie in charge of his battery. Advancing rapidly upon Lynchburg, Early anticipated the valorous Hunter, and saved the town from insult, pillage, and arson ; but the assailant of women and their homes, trembling at the approach of men, too quickly beat retreat, and unfortunately escai)ing with his congenial crew through the mountains towards the Ohio, missed the penalty ho deserved, though of his miserable band many a poor wretch is said to have perished of fear, fatigue, and starvation. General Early, having thus scared off the poor, dark-hearted creature, proceeded down the Valley via Lexington and Staunton, to Winchester; and thence, after menacing Harper's Ferry, across the Potomac to Frederick, Maryland, with a view to operations against Washington, and other results, if found practicable. 668 THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. [September, In the encounter with and defeat of a large force of the enemy at Monocacy Bridge, on the 9th of July, Nelson's battalion operated with signal effect, and Captain Massie's battery was especially conspicuous for the energetic boldness with which it was manoeuvred. In all the movements thereafter, in front of Washington, on the return of Early's force over the Potomac into Loudon county, Virginia, and thence across the Shenandoah into the lower Valley again, Massie bore, with his command, a full share of the labor, privation and danger; as he did also in the ever-threatening, ceaseless operations of the veteran Confederate commander against the accumulating masses of the enemy between the Potomac on the north and Fisher's Hill on the south, up to the obstinate battle of Winchester on the 19th of September. During the severe contest of that day, maintained by the small Confederate army with their accustomed valor against fully four times their own number. Nelson's battalion, and with it Mabsie's battery, operated on the right, sustaining Ramseur's division, now reduced to less than two thousand muskets, with such de- termined resolution as effectually to defeat the successive col- umns brought up in attack. With like gallantry the guns of Colonel Braxton, under his direction and the persistent encour- agement of the vigilant Colonel Carter, Early's Cliief of Artillery, performed a similar service on the left, actually hurling back every charge of the enemy, even where in some places wholly unprotected by infantry support. So that, notwithstanding the untimely fall of the able and daring Rodes, in the very moment of victory, the enemy had been utterly beaten, and the day was a splendid triumph, when the enormous Federal cavalry force made its way around Early's unprotected left, and rendered indispensable the withdrawal of his diminished though victorious command. Throughout the protracted conflict, from dawn to dark. Captain Massie managed his battery with a skill and intrepidity worthy the great Southern cause. At Fisher's Hill, to which General Early now retired, the artillery was again hotly engaged in a sharp affair on the evening of the 22d. " Men and officers," says General Early, " behaved with great coolness, fighting to the very last; and I had to ride to some of the officers and order them to withdraw their guns before they would move." Of these Captain Massie was one. i!-.H4.] THE I':\IVF.RSITY MEMORIAL. 669 His position^ on the extreme left, was important and critical. Upon the enemy endeavoring to turn that flank he directed his guns and fought them with such stu])born perseverance, and poured canister upon the flanking force with such energy and effect as to keep the enemy in check, and thus preserve the retiring trains. Some of his best men were here siiot down by his side, and many of his horses killed. Two of his guns were thus unavoidably left to the enemy. In this aflliir it was that Massie's beloved Washington College classmate and honored friend at the University and in the army, the meritorious Adjutant-General of the 2d Corps, Lieutenant Colonel A. S. Pendleton, fell mortally wounded while vigorously engaged in measures for checking the enemy's advance. During part of that night, and all day, the 23(1, the Confederate force sullenly retired, all along in line of battle by day ; and every hour or two halting, that the artillery might j)lay upon and arrest the enemy. About sunset of the 23d General Early, having resolved to make a stand, formed his line for action, and a portion of his guns opened Avitli spirit. Others, deemed unnecessary on the front, were sent with Captain Massie to a point supposed mainly out of range. Here, finding a seat on some rails, he was with his glass observing the enemy, when a shell exploded near, and a fragment struck him, entering the outer side of the thigh, two inches above the knee, and passing obliquely upward and inward, severed the large artery, nerve and vein. The best surgical attendance with the army was promptly ren- dered. But reaction from the shock and loss of blood could not be produced. In an ambulance he was conveyed to the rear, and in a kind home found a resting-place, until death in a few hours released him from suffering. Groat beyond description as was the pain he endured, unmurmuringly was it borne through the six lingering hours of ebbing life, M'ith the fortitude of a soldier ani- mated by the faith of a Christian. " iSTot my will, but Thine be done ! " was his repeated address to the Supreme Father. And just before midnight of that same day, September 23d, 1864, he quietly breathed his last. His remains were borne to Waynesboro', and subsequently to the family burying-ground in Albemarle, where, having been piously interred, they now lie awaiting the great resurrection summons. 670 THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. [October, Thus lived and died Captain John" LiviNGSTOisr Massie, one of Virginia's truest, worthiest sons, leaving behind, at twenty-six, as an aeconiplished scholar, brave soldier, able officer, sterling patriot, and admirable Christian gentleman, a spotless record, unsullied name, and noble career, to be held in grateful remem- brance by his native State, and by the gallant though unfortunate people in defence of whose honor he sacrificed life with all it has here most attractive. Very cheering is it to think of him, and of other Christian mar- tyrs in the same cause, as among those who, having lived for duty iu its Scriptural sense, " do now rest from their labors," and far away from earthly conflicts, have entered upon the privilege of citizenship in that " better country" which no aggressions reach and no inic[uities molest. R. BEALE DAVIS, Captain, Company K, and Acting Colonel -lOth Virginia Infantry. Robert Beale Davis was born February 18th, 1835, at Northumberland Academy, Virginia, of which institution his father, Mr. (now Rev. Jos. H.) was then President. His mother, who was Miss Martha Felicia Bealc, second daughter of Major Robert Beale of Revolutionary memory, dying within a few months after his birth, he was entrusted to the care of a maternal aunt, and remained some years with his grandfather at Hickory Hill, Westmoreland county. Upon the intermarriage of his father with this aunt in 1838, he accompanied them to Raleigh, North Carolina, in which city his father had pastoral care of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. Much attention was paid to his early education. Until his tenth year he was kept at home under the assiduous care of his mother. About this time, his father being assigned to j)astoral care near Randolph Macon College, he entered the preparatory department under the instruction of his uncle, Professor W. T. Davis. In his fourteenth year he matriculated, but remained only one year, in consequence of his father's removal to Fredericksburg. Here he enjoyed the advantages of the best schools in the town, until his isw.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 671 father's appointment to a church in Richmond. Dr. Socrates Maupin was then conducting a classical school in Richmond ; and Robert, after attending a session as u pupil, associated himself Avith one' or two gentlemen as successors of Dr. Maupin when that gentleman became Professor of Chemistry in the University. In October 1854, he entered the University, where he remained two years as an academic student. Meanwhile his father having removed to Xorth Carolina to take charge of the Female College at INIurfreesboro', the son followed him, and for one year read law in the office and under the instruc- tion of the Hon. William N. H. Smith. On the 8tli day of June, 1857, he appeared before Frederick Nash, Chief Justice, and R. M. Pearson and William PI. Battle, Judges of the Supreme Court of North Carolina, and after examination received from them the following testimonial, with authority to practise law in that State : — "We do certify that Mr. Robert B. Davis hath produced to us sufficient testimonials of his upright character, and upon an examination before us is found to possess a competent knowledge of the law, to entitle him to admission to practise as an Attorney and Couusellor-at-law, in the several county courts within the State aforesaid." In the fall of that year he returned to the University of Vir- ginia and entered the law dejjartment. During his residence of three years at this institution he was a member of the "^V^ashington Society, in which ho was elected to the Presidency for one term of his last session. In 1858, he returned to Westmoreland, Vir- ginia, and began the practice of law as^ junior partner of his maternal uncle, Hon. R. L. T. Beale, in whose family he resided. And thus he continued, both in his domestic and professional re- lations, until the breaking out of the war. • He had in early boyhood shown a decided fondness for military life, and though never at a military school, was quite familiar with tactics. Early in the year 1860, when the excitement North and South indicated the probable resort to arms, young Davis was prominent among cadets from Lexington in raising and oi'gunizing a volunteer company in the county. Perhaps chiefly owing to his zeal the company was raised ; and the officers succeeding in enlist- ing the sympathies of the citizens, it was handsomely uniformed and armed before any call was made f)r troops in {he State. With this company — "The Potomac Rifles," — commanded by Captain 672 THE U^S^IVEESITY ^MEMORIAL. [October, W. r. Cox, Robert Davis entered the service as 1st Lieutenant, in May 1861. The Rifles were assigned as*Company K, to the 40th Virginia Infantry, Colonel John M. Brokcnbrough, of Rich- mond county, commanding. During the summer and fall of that year this regiment occupied posts at Mathias Point, Marlboro' Point, and Acquia Creek. In the spring of 1862, it joined the brigade under General Field, at Fredericksburo;. Here the reorcyanization was effected. Lieu- tenant Davis by rigidly enforcing discipline had become unpop- ular with a large class in the company, and expecting defeat when subjected to the ordeal of a popular vote, he had prepared to join his uncle,, then Colonel of the 9th Virginia Cavalry, afterwards Brigadier-General R. L. T. Beale. His sterlino; worth had, how- ever, already been tested, and Avhen the trial came he was again elected 1st Lieutenant in his old company. The election of reg- imental officers was delayed a few weeks, from the fact that the companies were not all then stationed at the same point; when this occurred. Captain Cox was made Major, and Lieutenant Davis promoted to the command of his company. In this capacity he passed through all the great battles of 18G2 and 1863. But few of his comrades who had marched out so joyously in 1861 now remained. Promotions and transfers to other arms had reduced them to some extent, but far the greater number had fallen victims to the bullet or to disease. Nothing discouraged by the fearful gaps made in his command, this young officer had led them bravely until the winter of 1863-4, when worn down by toil and exposure he got his fii'st leave of absence, and went to Charlottesville to visit his father's family. Before his leave of absence had expired, he was stricken down by a severe attack of erysipelas. For Aveeks the issue Avas in doubt ; indeed, his sur- geons entertained for some weeks but little hope of his recovery. Under the blessing of God, they succeeded in. raising him up, but would not permit him to return to his duties in the field until the month of August — he having been all that time under medical treatment. For many years he had been a, member of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, South ; but while separated from the religious in- fluences of home, and debarred from any regular attendance upon the ordinances of tlie Church, he had become lukewarm. This intermission from the active duties of the field seemed a special 1SC4] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 673 providence to re-awaken his religious convictions, and more deeply impress upon his mind the great truths of the Bil)lc. Having obtained permission from his physician, he tore himself away from loved ones at home, and rejoined his regiment near Petersburg. As senior Captain he resumed command of the shat- tered 40th — in which relation he had been placed by the fearful havoc of Gettysburg. During his absence the terrible scenes of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, and Cold Harbor had been enacted, and had still further reduced the ranks of his loved comrades. At Petersburg, General Grant was still executing his flank movement to the left. On the 30th of September a decided at- tack was made, in which the enemy succeeded in carrying some positions occupied by our troops a little north and west of the Weldon Road, and about four miles south of the city. On the following day a vigorous effort was made to recover the lost ground ; and the 40th Virginia, Captain Davis commanding, formed a part of the force sent on this mission. During the night the enemy had fortified ; and leading his regiment upon one of these fortifications near the Peebles House, on the 1st day of October, he fell dead, by the concussion, it is believed, of a solid shot passing just over his head. The regiment was within very short range, and the galling fire told terribly upon it. The wounded were with great difficulty removed ; the dead were left as they fell. The second day after the death of Captain Davis, General Beale wrote to his sister, Mrs. A. T. Davis, from " Field near Petersburg " : — " How shall I write to you ? Oh for some balm to heal a broken heart. ... I saw Robert on Thursday ; he came to see me — I shall see him no more. " Actively engaged myself, it was only on yesterday, while drawn up in line of battle, that a rumor reached me that he had fallen. Richard was immediately sent; last night he came back, rei)orting that he could not fulfil my order to forward your poor boy's remains to you ; they were in the hands of our enemy ; and the telegraph had already been used to flash to his father the dis- tressing intelligence. . . . Rf)BERT fell where he should have fallen, commanding his regiment, and in front, where tlie enemy was nearest; a martyr to duty, to liberty, to a pure religion : how 40 674 THE UNIVEKSITY MEMOEIAL. [October, else would you have him taken ? A jewel jn your earthly glory, a gem in the crown awaiting you when Jordan's waters are passed. ... ^ Farewell, " Your brother, JRichaed." On the 11th of November, in reply to inquiries made by the afflicted mother, as to the last moments of Captain Davis, Lieu- tenant J. H. Chandler, who succeeded him in command of the company, wrote as follows : — " His last words to me were in refer- ence to an officer of the regiment who fell pierced through tlie heart by a fatal ball — ^Lieutenant Chandler, find an ambulance corps, and have Captain Lae removed as speedily as possible.' He fell about ten minutes after this, Avhile giving a command to the men near him to fire as rapidly as they could. This command I did not hear, being over fifty yards from him at the time; he being in command of the regiment, I of the company. He did not speak after being struck. His last moments were worthy of him, and of the cause for which he battled. He fell in the fore- front of battle, encoura2:in2; his comrades. " For your son, who fell nobly doing battle for his country's in- stitutions, we, his associates in the field, would mingle our grief and sorrow with that of those to whom he was nearer and dearer. Our consolation is that he fell as a soldier should fall, heroically doing his duty. Our hope is that his spirit rests in Heaven." No flags of truce were allowed at the time, and his parents were compelled to vait the lapse of some months. About the close of the year, at their solicitation. General Lee made applica- tion for the body; and General Grant caused diligent search to be made for it, the result of which he communicated in the following letter, the tone of which will be appreciated even by his ene- mies : — " Headquarters Armies of the United States, I January 3c^, 18(i5. J " General R. E. Lee, " Commanding A7'my Northern Virginia. ** General : — I am glad to be able to inform you that the grave of Captain Davis has been identified. The body vvlU be disinterred and delivered to persons sent to receive it about noon 1S64.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 675 of the 5tli inst. It ■will be sent through our lines over the Squirrel Level Road. " Very respectfully, your obedient servant, " (Signed) U. S. Grant, "Lieutenant- GeneraV A few days later General Lee, amid all the cares of that trying time, found leisure to write, even in detail, to Mrs. Davis ; — " Headquarters Army Northern Virginia, > 'dth January, 1865. j " Mrs. A. T. Davis, Charlottesville. " Madam : — I made known the request contained in your letter of the 24th December to General Grant, and am glad to be able to inform you that in compliance with it, the remains of your son, the late Captain R. B. Davis, were sent within our lines on the 5th instant. They were received by Captain Finney, and by him delivered to the Rev. Mr. Pearson, a Methodist minister of Pe- tersburg, who took charge of them and placed them in the base- ment of his church. Mr. Pearson telegraphed the information to the father of Captain Davis, and said that if he did not hear from him in a day or two, the remains should be interred in the church- yard of the Market Street Methodist Church. If you have not already heard from Mr. Pearson, you can carry out your wishes with reference to the body by communicating with him. I shall be happy if I have contributed in any degree to console you in a sorrow which has my sympathy. " Very respectfully, your obedient servant, " R. E. Lee, General." Captain Davis now sleeps in Old Blanford Cemetery, near the remains of his paternal grand-parents. 676 THE UNIVERSTTY MEMOETAL. [October. ISAAC T. WALKE, 1st Lieutenant, and Ordnance Officer, Fitz Lee's Division of Cavalry. Isaac Talbot Walke, son of Richard and Mary D. Walke, was born in Norfolk, Virginia, Febrnary 22d, 1843. His early life was passed in his native city, where he received a good scholastic training, and Avas noted for his proficiency and correct deportment. As a boy he was distinguished for his love of study, for his intellectual capacity, for his cheerful obedience, and for the generosity of his disposition ; so that he was deservedly a favorite with both his playfellows and his seniors. At the age of sixteen he matriculated at the University of Virginia as an academic student, at the beginning of the session of 1859—60. As the reward of his diligence and proficiency, he received that year diplomas in the schools of Latin, Greek, and Mathematics. The following session he returned and pursued his studies with the same degree of earnestness, and with not less prospect of success, until 1861, when the war began. During this period there was great excitement among the students on account of the expected secession of Vii'ginia,and several military companies were formed by them, one of which was the "Southern Guards," commanded by Captain E. S. Hutter. This company Isaac Walke joined as a private. After the secession of Vir- o-inia the Southern Guards volunteered their services in the State and Avere ordered to Harper's Ferry, They remained there only a few days, not being at that time prepared for a campaign. Upon their return to the University, most of the members, fired by the spirit of patriotism, left the peaceful shades of college life and enlisted in companies for service. Isaac Walke went to Norfolk and joined an infantry company, afterwards Company F, 6th Virginia, but at that time stationed at Craney Island, about three miles below Norfolk. This company was composed of the flower of the young men of Norfolk and its vicinity, and its sub- sequent record is one of the most distinguished of the war. Just before the evacuation of Norfolk by the Confederate forces, Isaac, at his own request, was transferred from Company F to the "Norfolk Light Artillery Blues," a body of like ma- terial to Company F, and whose war record is not less illustrious. Here he remained as a private nearly a year, when he offered him- 1804.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 677 self as a candidate before the Examining Board for Ordnance Officers, then in session at Richmond. Plis examination being eminently satisfactory, he was, though only twenty years of age, assigned to duty about April 1st, 1863, as a Lieutenant, under Colonel William Allen, with Jackson's corps, and placed in com- mand of the park-train artillery ordnance.' Soon after this he received his commission as 1st Lieutenant. In the month of July following we find him on duty with Long-street's corps, under Colonel Manning. . . . About the 8th of February, 1864, he was assigned to duty with General Fitz Lee's division of cavalry, and placed in charge of the reserve ordnance trains of the division. By letter of Captain Charles Grattau, dated February 11th, 1864, we find that Lieutenant AYalke (not yet twenty-one years of age) was recommended to Colonel Briscoe G. Baldwin, Chief of Ordnance, Army of North- ern Virginia, for promotion to the rank of Captain. Captain Grattan was ordnance officer of Stuart's corps, and wrote in answer to a letter of Colonel Baldwin asking for the names of those most worthy of promotion in the cavalry ordnance corps. Lieutenant Walke's name was placed first. About the lOtli of August, 1864, he was relieved from duty with the reserve ordnance train of Lee's division of cavalry, and made Ordnance Officer of the division. He was thus attached directly to Fitz Lee's staff — a position he had long desired, be- cause it would give him an opportunity for active field-service^ where he could display that ardor and energy so characteristic of his disposition. He expressed to a friend his gratification at this prospect of active service. He remained in this position of Ordnance Officer of Lee's division from the 10th of August until the 9fli of October, 1864, active and efficient in the performance of his duties, esteemed and 1 beloved by both officers and men. His gallant career was sud- denly terminated at Woodstock, Virginia, in a skirmish which occurred in the streets of that place October 9th, 1864. Our cavalry had been partially surrounded and temporarily thrown into confusion, and Ijieutenant Walke, while attempting to rally the men that they might cut their way out through tiie enemy, was shot in the head and instantly killed. He died as he had lived, in the active discharge of his duty. Lee's cavalry was Ht that time temporarily under the command of General Rosser. 678 THE UKTVEESITY MEMORIAL. [November, While at the University Isaac was a member of the Kappa Alpha Society, of which band of brothers, numbering only nine during the session of 1860 — 61, five were killed in battle, viz., Lieut.-Colonel William J. Pegram, Lieutenant Charles Ellis Munford, Adjutant Lomax Tayloe, Frank Voss, and Lieutenant Isaac T. Walke. Of the members of the same Society during tiie two previous sessions, Lieutenant William Z. Mead and Cap- tain Thomas Gordon Pollock were killed. All the members of that band were active members of the Southern army. The sur- vivors still cherish fondly the memory of their gallant and noble brethren who fell on the battle-fields of A'^irginia. Isaac Talbot Walke will long be remembered with pride and affection by his family and friends. Brief as was his life, it was long enough to develop a character which endeared him to all who knew him. Frank and brave, talented, generous, and unselfish, his memory will be cherished with respect, esteem, and love. HUGH A. GARLAND, Colonel, 1st Missouri Infantry. " At the battle of Franklin, Tennessee, on the 30th day of November, 1864, in the 28th year of his age, fell Colonel Hugh A. Garland, of St. Louis, Missouri, commanding the 1st and 4th Mis- souri regiments. In all that band of heroes, led during his life by the gallant and lamented Bowen, there was none truer, braver, more accomplished than Colonel Garland. Gifted by nature with a keen and powerful intellect and a stalwart frame, he Avas in all respects a thorough soldier. Of ardent feelings, generous im- pulses, and lofty principles, with a clear and profound conviction of the sacredness of the cause for which he fought, he was ever ready to give his life for it. . . "'The doom Heaven sends its favorites — early death — ' spared him the pang of surviving the cause to -which he had devoted himself. In all the thousands who have died for their / f t 1SG4.] THE UKIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 679 principles uu'l their fatherland, no worthier sacrifice has been offered. Though his remains, removed from the battle-field, sleep beyond the Mississippi, in Belle Fontaine Cemetery, near St. Louis, Virginia has the right to claim him as a son worthy of her fame. He was born on her soil, a scion of one of her well-known families. His virtues as a man and a soldier belono; to the great catalogue of her priceless offerings, and his name to the tender memories she cherishes. Though, like Ricliel, her eyes be heavy with weeping and her heart ache for her noble sons who are not, yet the dull eye Avill kindle and the sore heart swell when she fondly recalls the manly virtues of such sons as the frank, warm, generous, and gifted Garland." Such were the terms in which the subject of this sketch was described in an obituary written by one who knew him well. Colonel Garland was the eldest son and third child of the late Hugh A. Garland, of St. Louis, and Ann P., daughter of Col. A. Burwell, of Mecklenburg county, Virginia. Hugh A. Gar- land, the father, Avas a son of Sp ttswood Garland, of Xelson county, Virginia, and Miss Rose, and was the brother of Gnicral S. Garland's mother. Spottswood Garland was tiie son of General John Garland, accidentally killed at Cliarlottesville while in com- mand of the troops that kept guard over Burgoyne's captured army. This family was remarkable for talents. Dr. Landon Garland, at one time President of Randolph Macon College, subsequently of the University of Alabama, was one of them. The fatiier of Colonel Garland is well known to the country at larre as the Clerk of the House of Representatives in the XX Vth and XX Vlth Congress, and the biographer of John Randolph, as well as an eminent lawyer and a man of letters. Before his removal to St. Louis, on the 13th of February, 1837, this son was born at Boydton, the county seat of Meckh-nijurg. The family emigrated to Missouri while Hrrxii was quite a child, and his early years were spent in the city of St. Louis, where his father was engaged in the practice of his profession. His health in boyhood was weak, owing to the unusual rapidity of his growth, so that notwithstanding the brightness of his faculties his parents forbore to urge him to study. At sixteen he was sent to Lynch- burg, Virginia, where he resided with his aunt and cousin. Gen- eral Samuel Garland, the latter of whom regarded him with the 680 THE UNIVEKSITY MEMORIAL. [November, interest and affection of an adopted son. Here lie attended a private school tauglit by the writer, and was a classmate of the late James M. Boyd, M. A., and other yonths who have since been distingnished in varions walks of life. Yonng Garland's health, now re-established, permitted him to devote himself assiduonsly to his studies. This he did Avitli a degree of success rarely equalled. Ho accomplished in fifteen months, with marvellous ease, a course of study in the Latin, Greek, and French languages, and the Mathematics, which usually engages boys of the same age for three or four well-spent years ; and that too without debarring himself the amusements and exercises a})propriate to his age. His mind was one of prodigious power and energy, overcoming the difficulties which embarrass young students without apparent effort, and fixing every new idea as a permanent possession. lie entered the University of Virginia in October, 1854, and re- mained there two years, graduating in July 1856. His friends, and especially his last teacher, were disappointed at the results of his course at the Universitv. It was greatlv below their just expectations and his capacity. This was due to the fact that his genial and social temper led him to bestow much of his time upon amusements and society. Yet though these two years were less productive in academic honors than his friends had hoped, they were not without results. Not long after his matriculation in the University he had the misfortune to lose his father. Plis first impulse, overruled by older friends, was at once, at the age of eighteen, to assume the care of providing for his widowed mother and sisters. In the summer of 1856 he joined his mother, who had removed with her family to Vicksburg, Mississippi. Here for two years hesup2)orted himself by his own exertion, and pursued t!ie study of law. In 1858 he returned to St. Louis, obtained a license to practise law, and entered on that profession as soon as he attained his majority. The death of his father had so far diminished the means of thu family that he felt a weight of heavy responsibility for their future resting on himself; and steadied and nerved by this feeling, he threw all the energies of his splendidly-endowed intellect into the profession he had cliosen. Success was rapid, and promised to be brilliant, when the tocsin of war sounded over the land. It was the aspiration of l.is life to fill his father's place, as head and lg(j4.j THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 681 supporter of the family, and manfully was he making good the task he had chosen ; but Virginian by parentage, birth and ed- ucation, Southern intus et in cute, he threw himself at once heart and soul into the contest. lie promptly raised a company of men, and repaired to Fort Jackson with Colonel Bowen. After the affair at Camp Jackson, where he and his comrades were captured, and marched through the streets of St. Louis, in peril of their lives, he remained quietly in that city for a time; until getting intelligence that his arrest was contemplated, he received from Colonel Bowen important dispatches for Governor Rector, of Arkansas, and suddenly left home, travelling first to Louisville, in order to avoid suspicion, and thence to Memphis and Vicksburg. Having discharged his un- dertaking ho came to Virginia, and receiving from the Confederate Government a Captain's commission, he returned to Memphis and established his recruiting station there. His efforts were suc- cessful, and after much labor and expense he was able to join Colonel Bowen with a fine company of Missouriaiis. They were mustered into service in the 1st IMissouri Volunteers, Colonel J. S. Bowen commanding, on the 6th of August, 18G1. The command participated in both days' fighting at the battle of Shiloh. Captain Garland escaped injury, but was soon after the battle seized by a severe illness which disabled him for duty for more than a month. While thus absent from his regiment he was elected Major. The 1st IMissouri was reckoned one of the finest regiments in the Southern army. Certainly, its officers were among the most accomplished. This regiment was subsequently attached to the division of General Brcckenridge, and with him saw much severe service in Louisiana and Mississippi, and especially in the attack on Baton Rouge. The summer campaign of 1862, and the climate of the lower Mississippi valley again so impaired Major Garland's health, that he was relieved from duty and visited Virginia to regain and establish it. In March, 18G3, when still scarcely fit for duty, he rejoined his command at Grand Gulf, having in the meanwhile been advanced to the grade of Lieutenant-Colonel. The spring and summer of 1863 were occupied in severe service. At Grand Gulf a division of five thousand men held Grant's 682 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [November, army, fifty thousand strong, in check for two days, retiring under cover of the night, when nearly surrounded. The ill-starred operations in that quarter resulted at last, as is well known, in General Pemberton being besieged and captured with his whole command in Vicksburg. Colonel Garlaxd's command bore its part well in all these operations, suffering as the rest did, and bearing their privations like heroes. Colonel Garland while on parole again visited Virginia, and laid in a fresh stock of health and strength, both of Avhich had suffered greatly from the campaign and siege which he had endured, and the hardships attendant on both. Having been exchanged, he again entered on active duty in February 1864, rejoining his regiment at Meridian, Mississippi. They had never been in a fight without him, and he made it a matter of pride that they should never be. Colonel Riley, his immediate superior, was killed on the 30th of May, 1864, and Garland succeeded to the command of the regiment, which was now in the army of General Joseph E. Johnston. In all the operations of that eventful campaign he bore his part with manly fortitude and unflagging spirit. The retreat to Atlanta was one series of battles and marches — the troops halting and fortifying under fire almost daily. In a letter dated August 12th, 1864, in the field, he writes : — " My health is fine. The Lord has watched over and protected nie tlius fiir, and I ought to be very grateful. My regiment is dwindling away daily, and I fear there will not be many of us left by the time this campaign is over." He passed unscathed through all the battles and skirmishes of that summer and fall, and still kept heart and hope, until the march of General Hood into Tennessee in November 1864. The last letter he ever wrote, dated November 8th, near Tuscumbia, con- tains the following : — " "We are inider orders to move at a moment's notice, but in what direction none of us know. In fact the whole campaign has been a mystery. The general opinion is that we are to cross the river (Tennessee) at Florence and go into Ten- nessee; but somehow or other I do not think so." The enormous folly of the march into Tennessee was accom- plished. In the attack on Franklin, Colonel Garland, com- manding the brigade, led his men upon the Federal works in the 1SC4 THE IINJVEKSITY MEMORIAL. GSl thick of the fight, and fell, shot through the head, at the very- foot of the rampart. There was but one voice as to the gallantry Avhich distinguished him iu action, and the cheerfulness which enlivened the weary march and the cheerless bivouac. Danger and toil exerted no effect ujion his character, save to steady and deepen the seriousness of its tone. A strong religious fteling had pervaded his mind for some months before his death, which found expression in his correspondence and conversation as well as iu his life. Thus fell in the flower of his days one of the brightest intellects and most richly endowed natures Avhich the South gave to her cause. Though fame had not yet found him, it Avas only because time and opportunity were wanting. He Avas well known to those who were acquainted with the extraordinary resources of his talents, to be capable of almost any achievement of intellectual energy or manly heroism. Along with these brilliant qualities he possessed others as well adapted to inspire affection as they were to excite admiration. His heart was large and tender, his temper genial and affectionate, his manners cheerful and unvaryingly courteous. He lived long and well enough to give assurance that but for his untimely end (if such an end can ever be justly called untimely), the highest prizes of life, in fame and fortune, and the love of men, were within his easy grasp — long enough to leave a memory fragrant with tender graces, heroic virtues, and Christian faith. END OF VOLUME IV. The Uniyeesity Memoeial; VOLUME V— 1865. JOHN Y. BEALL, Acting Master, Confederate States Navy. JoHJsr Yates Beall was born in Jefferson county, Yirginia, on the 1st day of January, 1835. On the mother's side he was descended in a direct line from Sir William Howard, the " belted Will" celebrated in the "Lay of the Last Minstrel," whose " Bilboa blade, by Marchnien felt. Hung in a broad and studded belt." The Yates, Orfeurs, and Aglionbys, of Cumberland county, England, were his cousins. His father, George Beall, was an enterprising and successful farmer in his native county of Jeffer- son, one of the richest counties in the Valley of Yirgiuia. JoHX Y. Beai.l entered the University of Yirginia in the year 1852, and remained three sessions, two of which he devoted to academic studies, and the third and last to law and political economy. He was an attentive and diligent student, but not ambitious of collegiate honors. His father, at whose instance he had embarked in the profession of law, dying soon after his return from College, he abandoned law and took charge of the homestead farm as agent and manager for his mother, in which capacity he was engaged when the war broke out in 1861. He was a gentleman of scholarly attainments and refined and cultivated literary taste. His reading was extensive, but his de- votion to certain favorite authors was too exclusive to admit of much catholicity in his literary preferences. He exhibited sim- ilar exclusiveness in his personal intimacies and associations, and similar devotion to the few admitted into the circle of his intimate 1805.1 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 685 friendship. He was a man of thought, observation, and original reflection, of undoubted talent, and the most genuine and lofty courage. He was distinguished for frugality, tem2)erance in eat- ing, and total abstinence in regard to alcoholic liquors. For several years before his death he Iiad been a consistent communi- cant of the Episcopal Ciiurch. During the excitement incident to the suppression of the raid of John BroNvn into Virginia in the fall of 1859, Lawson Botts, Esq., organized a company of volunteers called " Botts's Greys," which, in the military organization of the State, ranked as Com- pany B in the 2d Regiment of Virginia. When the war broke out, in April 1861, this company was among the earliest in the field, and, under the lead of its gallant captain, participated in the capture of Harper's Ferry on the 17th of April. Beall was a private in its ranks; and when the 1st Brigade was organized it was placed under the command of General Thomas J. Jackson, and was comiposed of the 2d, 4th, 5th, 27th, and 3od Regiments. It was thus that Beall became a private in the "Stonewall Brigade," as this brigade afterwards became known, taking the immortal sobriquet with which fame baptized its great captain. Although his comrades won great and merited distinction at the battle of iNIanassas, on the 21st July, 1861, Beall was deprived of the glory of participating in consequence of an unpremeditated leave of absence, occasioned by a furlough to accompany a sick companion, the son of a neighbor, to his home in Jefferson. Pie was not able to rejoin his company until after the battle was over and the great victory achieved. In the following October (1861), being again at home on fur- lough, he volunteered to lead the militia in an endeavor to support Turner Ashby, who had been ordered to check-an advance of the Federals from Harper's Ferry in the direction of Ciiarlestown. The attempt had been only partially successful on Ashby's part, when it became important to dislodge the enemy from a dismantled building on the outskirts of the little village of Bolivar. Beall threw himself at the head of the militia and advanced, firing, upon the enemy, M'ho retreated, but not until one of their number had severely wounded him by a minic ball, which, striking him obliquely in the right breast, broke three ribs and passed around the body. This wound disabled him from active service during the re- 686 _ THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [February, mainder of the war. For a long time his friends thought it almost impossible for him to recover. At the day of his death his wound was not entirely healed. He received a discharge from the army on the ground, as set forth therein, of permanent dis- ability arising from a wound received on the 16th day of October, 1861, which penetrated the right lung and increased a hereditary tendency to consumption. After this final discharge, in the spring of 1863, Beall laid before the Secretary of the Navy a written programme of offensive operations, which, he suggested, could be directed against the enemy on the waters of the Potomac, York, and Chesapeake. The Secretary appointed him an Acting Master in the Navy, and gave him authority to recruit such followers, not liable to conscription, as were willing to join him. Under this authority, he recruited a small number of young men, who, from causes connected with their nativity or physical condition, were not liable to military duty. The command of this small party — not over a dozen at first — he offered to Colonel (afterwards Brigadier-General) Edwin G, Lee, a cousin of General 11. E. Lee, who had just resigned com- mand of the 33d Regiment of Virginia Volunteers (Stonewall brigade) on account of disease aggravated, if not contracted, in the campaigns of General T. J. Jackson. This company started from Richmond about the 1st of April, 1863, and proceeded to Matthews Court House. On this expedition nothing of impor- tance was accomplished except such a reconnoissance as convinced both Lee and Beall that with proper equipments and stronger force, the enemy could be subjected to such loss and annoyance as would com[)el him to increase his garrisons and forces on the Pen- insula. The former officer, Lee, having been offered an appoint- ment with the rank of Colonel of cavalry, accepted it, and left Beall to continue his partisan operations alone. During; the summer and full of 1863, Beall conducted three several expeditions to the Peninsula, captured and brought back a good many Yankee sloops with their cargoes, destroyed Cape Charles Light-House, cut the submarine telegraph between Cher- rystone and Old Point — in fine, gave the Federals so much trouble and annoyance that Brigadier-General Wistar was sent to Matthews and neighboring counties for the express purpose of cap- turing him. Wistar's force for this purpose consisted of one regi- 1S6-.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 687 ment of nogro infantry, two of white cavalry, and one battalion of artillery ; also three gunboats in North river, three in East river, two on the Pianketank, and one or two off New Point Comfort. Doubtless General Wistar did not know that he was sent with this formidable army to contend against an Acting Mas- ter, whose force, all tokl, consisted of eighteen marines, backed by a fleet of two small sail-boats ! It is not surprising, under the circumstances, that AVistar suc- ceeded ia the ohject of his expedition ; and about the middle of November, 1863, Beall. and his whole party were captured and taken to Fort INIcHenry, where their leader was thrown into irons as a pupate. The Confederate Government retaliated, and confined an equal number of Federal prisoners as hostages, subject to the same fate and treatment. Attention was thus called to the matter, and upon finding that Beall was a regularly commissioned officer and his men regularly enlisted. General B. F. Butler, then com- manding the department, released them from manacles and had them placed upon the footing of regular prisoners of war. Sub- sequently they were all exchanged, and returned to Richmond. Beall had laid before Secretary Mallory sundry communica- tions looking to the successful development of various resources of the Confederacy as yet untouched, and which might be resorted to without diminishing the material then in use. He asked no men who were not, like himself, from wounds or other causes, ex- empt from military duty, and such as he himself could recruit. His schemes had in them something of romantic daring. They embraced, 1st, privateering on the waters of the Cliesapeake, Poto- mac, York, and adjacent waters; 2d, privateering on tlie Nortliern lakes, and releasing the Confederate prisoners confined on John- son's Island ; 3d, the employment of the large number of escaped prisoners and Soutliern refugees in Canada by transferring them, secretly, to the Indian country, in the north of Minnesota and ad- jacent territory, and thence stirring up the tribes against the United States. In the first of these enterprises he had already succeeded in withdrawing from the field of more active operations a force of the enemy entirely out of proportion to the small number engaged in effecting this diversion. Tlie project of releasing the prisoners on Johnson's Island Mr. ^lallory ostensibly discouraged ; subse- quently, however, and witiiout giving Beall either the credit of 688 THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. [February, its suggestion or an opportunity to participate, he secretly pre- pared an expedition to operate from Canada as a base, and placed it under charge of Lieutenant Wilkinson of the Navy. This ex- pedition was attended with that almost fatality of ill-success which seemed to beset the enterprises undertaken by Mr. Mallory. Not only was it a failure, but its disclosure to the enemy put him upon his guard, and rendered any future attempt uj)on Johnson's Island well-nigh hopeless. Beall, however, did not despair, nor abandon the idea of releasing the prisoners on Johnson's Island by a demonstration from Canada. In the spring of 18G4 he quietly left Richmond, crossed the Potomac into Maryland, and made his way in disguise to Canada. He Avas there joined by Bennett G. Burleigh, a young Scotchman, the son of a master mechanic of Glasgow. He had come to America to join the cause of the Southern States ; had run the blockade from New York to Richmond, where, having no one to vouch for him, he soon found himself in Castle Thunder. He had in his pocket the model or draft of a submarine battery, the invention of his father, Avhich he wished to lay before some competent authority of the Confederate States ; and after many unsuccessful efforts to obtain his release, was finally taken before the celebrated Captain John Brooke, in- ventor of the Brooke cannon, planner of the ram " Virginia," and discoverer of the deep-sea sounding-lead. Burleigh was re- leased by recommendation of Captain Brooke, and joined Beall in his first exi)edition on the Chesapeake, was captured, and ef- fected his escape from prison by an act of extraordinary hardihood and daring. He and Beall again met in Canada, and he at once consented to join the expedition against Johnson's Island. This attempt was made by a band of Southern refugees from Canada, with Beall at their head, on the 19th of September 1864. The result is thus briefly told in Beall's diary : — KAID ox lake ERIE. Immediately on my arrival in Canada, I went to Colonel Thompson at Toronto, and made application to start a privateer on Lake Huron. He informed me of a plan to take the Michigan (14 guns), and release the Confederate officers confined at John- son's Island. I immediately volunteered, and went to Sandusky, Ohio, to meet Captain Cole, the leader. We arranged our plans. isco.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 689 and separated. Cole stayed at Sandusky. I came to AVindsor to collect men and cany tliein to the given point. On Monday morning Ave started, some from Detroit, some from Saudwieli, some from Amherstburg. When off Kelly's Island, I seized the PhUo Parsons, and mustering my men, found only some twenty there. We went back to Middle Bass Island to procure wood and wait for the time when the steamer Island Queen came up, and we took her. I then started back to attack the Michigan, Avhen sev- enteen of my twenty men mutinied, and refused to go forward, and this necessitated my turning back, thus abandoning Cole to be hung, a most cowardly and dishonorable affair. As he afterwards suffered death for this attack on Johnson's Island, it may not be amiss to publish liere his own defence, con- tributed by him to a Canadian journal after his return to that province : — '^Communication to a Canadian Journal. " Me. Editor : — You condemn the conduct of those who cap- tured the two steamers on Lake Erie as infrinacino- the laws of Canada. Cognizant of the facts, I wish to present them to you, hoping to win. you to reserve your decision. " Tiie United States is carrying on war on Lake Erie against the Confederate States (either by virtue of right or sufferance from you), by transportation of men and supplies on its Avaters ; by confining Confederate prisoners on its islands; and lastly, by the presence of a 14-gun steamer patrolling its Avaters. The Con- federates clearly have the right to retaliate, provided they can do so without infringing your laws. They did not infringe those laws ; for, first, the plan for this attack was matured ahd sought to be carried out in the United States, and not in Canada; there was not a Canadian, or any man enlisted in Canada. Secondly, no act of hostility was committed on Canadian Avaters or soil. Any man may lawfully come into or leave Canada as he may please, and no foreign Government can complain of the exercise of this right here. These men embarked on an American vessel from Detroit, or sprang on it Avhile in motion, from Canadian Avharves. The boat did not properly stop at Sandwich, or Andierstburg at all, as the Customs Avill show. It touched at two American ports, and Avas not captured until Avithin range of the thirty-pounder Parrott 44^ G90 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [February, guns of the fourteen-gun steamer. What act ol" hostility had been committed up to this time? Another boat, containing thirty or forty United States soldiers, was captui'ed in an American port. After wooding up, the PJiilo Parsons proceeded to the mouth of Sandusky Bay for the purpose of attackin.g the Michigmiy when six-sevenths of the crew refused to do duty, and thus necessitated the abandonment of the enterprise. " 3clly. What ir. this Michigan that she cannot be attacked? Is the flict that she carries thirteen more guns than tlie treaty stipulation between the United States and England allows, a sufficient reason why she is not to be subject to attack? England allows this boat to remain guarding Confederate prisoners, though she carries an armament in violation of the treaty. "Before these men are condemned, judge if they have broken your laws. No ' murder ' was committed ; indeed not a life was lost. There was no searching of prisoners, no ' robbing.' It is true the boats were abused ; but, Sir, they were captured by Con- federates, enemies of the United States, and however questionable the taste, the right is clear. These men were not ' burglars ' or ' pirates,' enemies of mankind, unless hatred and hostility to the Yankees be taken as a sin agaiust humanity or a crime against civilization." On their return to Canada, after this expedition, Bi:all escaped detection, but Burleigh was arrested, and surrendered to tlie authorities of the United States under the extradition treaty be- tween the two countries. In the end, however, he escaped from prison, made his way back to Canada, and thence across the Atlantic to his native Scotland. Beai.l was less fortunate. On the 16th day of December, 1864, he fell into the hands of the enemy. Raids from Canada into the territory of the United States were the order of the day. Lieutenant Bennet H. Young, at the head of ten or twelve Con- federates, had ridden into the town of St. Albans, robbed one or more banks, attempted to fire the town, and finally galloped over the border into Canada. The raid on Lake Erie has been already described. The relations between the United States and Canada wei^e becoming more and more precarious. Major- General John A Dix, an officer of the Unitea States army, who, though removed from the field in 1863 for real or supposed incompetency, was possessed of acknowledged ad minis- 1805.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. <)91 trative and police ability, was now in command of the Depart- ment of the East, with headquarters at New York city. He issued an order declaring that in all future cases the raiders should ho jnir sued across the 6or.". I TIIH rXIVEKSITY MEMORIAL. ' 731 Hampton Roads, as well as from the battery on Fort Calhoun (Rip-raps), and this desultory combat was kept up till March 1862, when the Confederate steam-ram Virginia attacked the United States steamer Minnesota and tlio ships Congress, Cumberland, and St. Laivrence. The brilliant victory of the Virginia is too well known to call for description here. The Sewoll's Point battery took part in the conflict, and by its fire disabled the United States steam-frigate Roanohe, which was advancing to the assistance of the Federar fleet. The next month (April) the evacuation of Norfolk was determined on, and the work of dis- mountiTig guns commenced. Before the preparations were com- pleted, however, information of the intended movement was given the enemy by a deserter, and fire was opened on the battery (May 7th) by the Monitor and a frigate, backed by a large fleet which kept just out of range of the Confederate guns. Though the best guns had been removed, the garrison under Colonel Charabliss returned the enemy's fire with spirit, succeeding barely in making indentations on the casing of the 3Ionitor, which lay at the dis- tance of fourteen hundred yards, and unable to reach the other vessels. During the bombardment the men's quarters were riddled by balls and the Major's quarters set on fire, and the proximity of the fire to a magazine rendered it necessary to remove the ammunition to another, under a continuous cannonade. Finally the apj)roacli of the Virginia from the navy-yard at Gosport forced tlie attacking fleet to withdraw. Throughout the eny-acce- ment Major Smith directed his command with a cool intx'epidity which won for him the respect of the men and heightened the confidence which his military skill and firm discipline had pre- viously produced. Before the evacuation of Norfolk, not having been re-elected by his regiment in consequence «of his detachment from it, he had tendered his services to General Mahone as volunteer Aide, and he now accompanied him on the retreat and served with him in the battle of Seven Pines and on the Chicka- hominy. Here he remained till June 22(1, when he received a commission as Major in the Confederate States Army. He requested per- mission to re2)ort to General Jackson, but was ordered to Drewry's BlufP, where he remained till June 18G4, under the immediate command of a naval officer. Captain S. S. Lee. His earnest wish to be with General Jackson, founded not only on the 2)rospect of 732 THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIAL. [^pril, brilliant service under that commander, but also on bis aiFection for bis old instructor, led bim to make a second application for transfer in Marcb 1863, wliicb was also refused. Again, after tbe battle of Chancellorsville (May 1863), be made an effort to excbange commands with an old friend and comrade wbo commanded an in- fantry regiment, and wbo felt at tbe time pbysically unequal to tbe marcb into Pennsylvania. Tbe department declined to permit tbe exchange, and in three weeks from that time bis friend fell on tbe battle field in the first engagement in the enemy's country. Other like attempts to procure a transfer failing, Major Smith remained in command of the batteries at Drewry's Bluff, having under bim a battalion of four companies.* During his stay here of two years there was no general engagemenrt. On the 5tb of May 1864, thirty-four gunboats came up the river and landed three or four regiments, which advanced as if to attack the works. Tbe whole care of tbe defence devolved on Major Smith, who arranged his small force so as to cover the entire line of breast- works. The enemy, however, did not attack. This was Butler's first demonstration on the Southside (May 7th). A few days after (May lOtb) a severe battle was fought, in which our forces at first drove tbe enemy, and then, coming on their breastworks, were obliged to retire Avith loss. Then followed a long stay in the trenches under heavy fire of artillery. Altogether, the responsi- bility resulting from the importance of the post and the continual possibility of attack made the service an arduous and wearing one, and tbe commandant's physical system was perhaps more severely taxed than it would have been in a more active field. In June 1864, he was ordered to erect batteries at Howlett's Farm, opposite Dutch Gap, where General Burnside had en- trenched himself. Here he had under him four batteries and six companies, his immediate commander being General Pickett. At this post the service was bard. The rations which tbe Govern- ment was able to provide were insufQcient in quality and quantity, and Major Smith would not fare better than bis men. There was, however, no lack of cheerfulness in the camp. He bad gone there resolved, as be says, to make tbe place a desirable one. The society Avas pleasant ; be speaks in the highest terms of the sol- dierly and gentlemanly qualities of the commanding General. ♦Norfolk United Artillery, Captain Kevill ; Johnston's Artillery, Captain Eppes; Keblitt's Artillery, Captain Coleman; and one company of the Southside Artillery, commanded successively by Captains Jones and Drewry. 1830.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. Moreover, the activity of the enemy relieved the garrison from fear of stagnation. In the month of June General Butler made his more serious advance on Richmond on the Southside. At the beginning oC the movement (June IGtli), Major Smith was enabled to render an important service to his commanding officers. Gen- eral Pickett had been directed to hold the lino, supported by Longstreet's corps under General E.. H. Anderson. The two Generals, making a reconnoissance with a long cavalcade of staff- officers, under the volunteered guidance of Major Smith, who knew the country, and it being necessary to know where our line of skirmishers was, the Major offered to ascertain, rode forward with his couriers, came upon a party in the woods wiiom he at first supposed to be our men, dismounted to examine them with his glass, soon disc6vered that they were enemies, and remounted and rode away under their fire in time to save Generals Pickett and Anderson and their staffs from capture. The party in ques- tion formed the enemy's extreme left. In the engagement M'hich immediately followed his horse was killed, but he escaped unhurt. Some days later the battery at Howlett's Farm was unmasked, and did good service, damaging the enemy's fleet, with small loss to the garrison. The summer and autumn of this campaign were marked by frequent engagements of a like nature. In February of the next year, Major Smith had a gratifying recognition of the efficiency of his battery in the effort made by Colonel Anderson of the artillery to secure his promotion. This officer, tliough stationed on the opposite side of the river, marked him in a dis- tinguished manner, and urged his promotion as strongly as he could under the circumstances, not being in the same immediate command with him. It was, however, not till two months later that he received his commission as Lieutenant-Colonel just before the evacuation of Ilichmond. A few days before the evacuation, he obtained leave of absence of several days in order to remove his family to a place of safety. After he had escorted them as far as he could go, his anxiety in respect to his command caused him to return before his leave had expired. Saturday, April 1st, he crossed the swollen Chickahom- iny in spite of the remonstrances of persons present,* reached his command at daylight next morning, and on INIonday, in obedience to orders, he joined the retreating column with his battalion, which * A few hours later the river had risen so that uo one, could cross. 734 THE UNIVERSITY MEMOBIAL. [NP he conducted as infantry. He had a presentiment that he would not outlive the march. Physically he was not in the best con- dition. His service had been unintermitted : since February 18G2 he had never allowed himself a longer respite than four days, and his health was further impaired by insufficient nourishment. He set out on the march with the conviction that he would not survive a wound received under trying circumstances ; and on the morning of Wednesday (April 5th), he expressed (seemingly without de- pression) to a gentleman near him the belief that he would be killed that day. Towards- the close of the day, at twilight, the command being then near Amelia Springs, a report of the advance of General Sheridan caused some confusion in the column ahead. Colonel Smith advanced with his battalion, and in the firing which ensued his horse was killed and he himself wounded in the groin and leg. He requested not to be left, and so travelled all night, his calm and cheerful tone producing on some of his men who were wounded at the same time the impression that his hurt was not very severe. This night-march was no doubt injurious to him. When he reached Amelia Springs next morning, the surgeon who was with him told him that there was no hope of life. The last hours he spent calmly, sustained by religious trust, in sending the last messages to his family. At nine o'clock the enemy appeared, and his friends left him tojoin the retreating army. Some of his men remained and ministered as they could to his comfort. At noon (April 6th) he died. Thus was taken away one of the most brilliant and promising of the sons of Virginia. Having everywhere distinguished him- self, Colonel Smith might have hoped for a career of honorable usefulness. Soon after the close of the war, before his death was known, the superintendency of the Louisiana State Military Acad- emy was offered him. This position had been pressed on him during his stay at Drewry's Bluff, but he would not leave the array. There and elsewhere was the prospect of a most successful professional career. Instead of such usefulness and fame, he leaves us the heritage of his virtue and devotion to honor. 1SG5.] THE UNIVEKSITY MEMORIAL. 735 PERCIYAL ELLIOTT, Private, " Savannah Volunteer Guards." Far down in the depths of our fallen natures, uniting in one great bond the common heart of humanity, dwells an immortal instinct — a pure, sweet breath from realms of sinless being — which ever prompts us amid the grosser passions of our lives to love the good, to delight in the beautiful, to honor the noble, to cherish the true; and be these attributes expressed in the life of the one or recorded in the history of the many, be they the re- sults of our immortal yearnings worked out in our blind strug- glings for things above us and beyond, or be they expressed in the lofty devotion of a national soul to the principles of right and of justice, the promptings of this instinct are still the same ; and the noble and the good, and the beautiful and the true, striking within us this deep key-note of our natures, whisper to us ever of the far off realm from which we are aliens and wanderers. And thus it is that while the narrower passion; which rale man- kind lead in their sway opposing hosts to days of strife and slaughter, this pure and broader instinct, in some such day, will wring alike from hearts of friends and enemies the spontaneous shout of praise and approbation for the hero who, passing in some devoted act beyond the selfish veil of individuality, stands before the world to illustrate the nobler breadths of our being. And this same instinct stirring in our souls prompts us to merge the indi- vidual, the class, the nation, and teaches us to honor and to cherish from the broad sympathies of a common humanity tiie noble, the good, the beautiful, and the true, wheresoever in the lives of those who have done honor to mankind we may catcl^ their imperfect re- flections of the calm and eternal radiance. But to seize and to frame in words the nameless shades of char- acter which make a life beautiful and )ioble is for the biographer a task as difficult as is that of the artist who attempts to cast the atmosphere of nature over the faithful outlines of his picture. The scene which the artist delineates may be recognized by those to whom its details arc familiar, but the nameless blending of the separate features into the soft and beautiful perfections of truth and reality lies far beyond the jiower of art; and the gazer feels, while dwelling upon the rigid outlines, that from the unsoftened 736 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [April, representation before him, the delicate, transparent mantle is lack- ing which should give a nameless perfection* to the picture. Noble in the elements of his character, and blameless in the re- lations of his life, the events of Percival Elliott's career in their brief statement can do but imperfect justice to the man as he lived and moved and was known to those around him. Prefer- ring before the applause of others the silent commendations of his own conscience, he achieved for himself a spotless record, telling of duties nobly performed, showing a purpose consistently fol- lowed, crowning a destiny bravely fulfilled ; and yet in the course of that brief record is still unrevealed the knightly spirit words cannot portray, and Avhich, like the delicate atmosphere to the landscape, enveloped and harmonized the proportions of his na- ture. Percival Elliott was born in the city of Savannah, Georgia, on the 28th day of November, 1840. He was the third son of the late Ralph Etiimes Elliott, M. D., of Beaufort, South Carolina, who afterwards removed to Savannah, Georgia, and there fixed his residence. His mother was Margaret Cowper Mackay, of Sa- vannah. Georgia. "We can only ])ause among the quiet years of his childhood to speak of an illness that befell him in the fifth year of his life, worthy of note since it serves to illustrate the indomitable will with which throughout his after-career he struggled against the tyranny of disease. At this period he was stricken with an almost fatal attack upon the lungs, from which he slowly rallied to regain only a state of comparative health. The effects of tlie disease were nevertheless permanent, and by the sufferings which they en- tailed served to overshadow the succeeding years of his life. In consequence of these early necessities of his health, the course of his education Avas often interrupted, and a regular system of in- struction was in a measure replaced by the desultory readings in which his own tastes led him to indulge. But this uncertain path- way to knowledge he trod with safety and success. The sensibili- ties of a refined nature here served as his guide; and governed by these, his voluntary readings were directed into channels where minds of maturer years and culture found their pleasure and de- ■ light. Nevertheless, in his more advanced life, acutely sensible of the advantages of a systematic course of studies, he could not remaiu 1S.T..] THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. satisfied with what he deemed the irregularities of his mental cul- ture, chaste though they Avere ; and in 1860, when in his twentieth year, he formed and put into execution a long premeditated resolve to attend a course of lectures at the University of Virginia. It "Nvas while j^ursuing his studies at this institution that tliere came upon the country those years of darkness and of blood, so often prophesied, so long expected, and it caused the earnest student no second thought to decide his action in the crisis. Regardless of tlie uncertain condition of his health, he threw himself into the opening struggle with all the enthusiasm of youth. His first military service was performed at the capture of Har- per's Ferry in the summer of 18G1, where he was present in the ranks of a volunteer company organized by the students of the University of Virginia. When this company was dissolved he returned to his native city and in the autumn of the same year enlisted in the ranks of the Savannah Volunteer Guards, an old and established corps, then in service near Savannah. While serving here he was offered a commission in another corps, Avliich he, how- ever, declined, suggesting in his stead the name of a comrade to fill the offered place. After remaining for nearly two years in the neighborhood of Savannah, he passed with liis corps into the memorable scenes which marked the defence of Charleston, South Carolina, in the autumn of 1863 ; and there in some of the hard-fought battles of Battery Wagner he did good and gallant service. But his health now failed him, and he was compelled to seek a field of less arduous duties. Under this necessity he applied for and obtained a detail into the Signal Corps of the army, and in this new capacity vol- unteered at once for service in Fort Sumter. In connection with this celebrated fortress he remained for nearly a year, and while there discharging his duties was dangerously wounded in the head in December 1863 — a wound which had nearly proved fatal. In the latter months of his service in this fort he was appointed to act as Adjutant of the Post, although the commission to which his position entitled him he persistently declined. In the autumn of 1864, wdiile lie was still at Fort Sumter, the Savannah A^olunteer Guards were ordered to join the forces around Richmond, Virginia ; and having somewhat recovered his health, and wearying of the monotony of a life from which the engineer's skill had removed the excitement of danger, he gave up his position 47 738 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [April, and rejoined his corps. Through the following winter, while this corps was stationed at Chafin's Farm near Richmond, we again find him performing his duties as a private in its ranks. With the opening of the spring of 1865 the Savannah Volun- teer Guards were summoned to take part in the eventful scenes of the last campaign of the Army of Northern Virginia; and in the battle of Sailor's Creek, one of the combats which marked the retreat of the army from Richmond, the corps was literally cut to pieces while acting as a portion of a rear-guard to cover the march of tiie retiring columns. Into that battle the "Guards" carried seventy-five rank and file ; and when finally surrounded and cap- tured, fifty-eight of their number had been killed and wounded. Recorded among the latter was the name of Percival Elliott, who was shot down with a mortal wound while grappling in a hand-to-hand struggle with a Federal soldier. In his wounded condition he was made a prisoner upon the field of battle ; and after being transferred from one place to another, was removed finally to the Lincoln Hospital at Washington. There for a few sorrowful weeks he lingered, until in the fulness of spring, death released him from his sufferings. On the 30th day of May 1865, the shadow of the dark angel passed, and the soldier was at rest. Such are the events which mark the career of Percival Elliott : an outline of facts that only hint to us of the spirit which animated them. But that spirit was an existence as con- sistent as are the facts; and from the first flush of enthusiastic ardor, when the pale-browed student cast aside his book, to the last dark hour, when the Aveather-beaten soldier lay dying within the Avards of a prisoners' hospital, it manifested itself in every circumstance and action of life. In the months of disease-encom- passed service around Savannah, it Avas illustrated no less clearly than amid the exciting scenes of Battery Wagner and Fort Sumter. In the winter campaign in the trenches about Richmond it proved itself no less thoroughly than in the desperate combat of Sailor's Creek. And yet beneath these manifestations which tell us of bravery, of faithfulness, of devotion, still lies unexpressed that central element of the spirit which served to make it peculiar. That pure element it is which in our natures aj)proaches us most nearly to the Divine ; that element which we can conceive as inspiring the eloquence of the faithful seraph, Avhen standing I8ii5.] THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. 739 aloue amid hostile millions he denounced the counsels of the apostate archangel ; that rare element which leads to the perform- ance of glorious actions without a thought of their glory either as incentive or reward. And this was the keynote of his nature. To his conscience, and tlirough it to his God, he held himself alone responsible for his deeds, and from that source only he asked for approval and reward. And thus it was that self at last came to be silently ignored ; that the applause of others ceased to weigh in the deci- sion of his actions ; that a noble modesty was begotten to crown the comely statue of his life. And based upon such principles as these, that life could not be otherwise than pure. To the observer who knew not of the hidden wealth, that purity became its distinguishing feature in the cam23s, where in word, in thought, and in deed, it was ever apparent and remarkable. Still another principle there was, intensely human, rooted in the ground-work of his nature. We speak of the love of country. Throughout his military career it seemed indeed the immediate motive of every action, and in its purity and intensity gave to the native elements of his character a breadth and comprehensiveness scarcely to be developed amid narrower scenes of life. The un- selfishness which may have there remained but a comely trait was under this influence developed into a noble attribute, of which was born a beautiful self-abnegation and thoughtfulness for those about him, as if it Avere that through them still he sacrificed to the cause he had at heart. lu the conception of his military duty which this motive inspired, he passed beyond the narrow limits which confined it to the mere eye-service of the soldier, and by word and example, no less than by submission to anthority, he sought to rise to the lofty standard of his imagination. A quiet and reserved spirit, retentive of its own trials and sufferings, was, in the presence of mighty events and under the inspiration of noble purposes, developed in its strength and taught to bear Avith silent stoicism and unwavering fortitude the hours of sickness and pain, which could not drive it back from its duty. Truly, amid the circumstances that tried men's souls, tiie nature of the man seemed to expand to its full limits, as blooms in itsi^erfect beauty the exile flower that again has found its native clime. But yet a loftier principle there was, completely divine. En- {-± THE UNIVEKt^lTY IMKMORIAL. [April, vcloping and pervading the attributes of his nature, purifying every noble impulse and harmonizing every action, floated the spirit of a ])Mre and consistent Christianity. Under the sway of its sacred influence, his duty to liis country became a duty to his God, and into his native devotion to her its presence infused the knightly S[)!rit that led of yore the blameless warriors of the Cross. As through liis love for his native land each element of his nature had become expanded and intensified, so too -within the sphere of this finer influence did that love itself grow in breadth and in depth, until, in the fulness of its perfection, it j^assed into the sacred purpose of his life. But the cause for which he died has failed, and beneath the shadow of a nation's sepulchre the soldier sleeps. A Christian's life, a patriot's death, is the brief but glorious summary of his days; and while on earth the study of a noble example can teach us aught of its nobility, or while the contemplation of manly virtues can infuse into our natures aught of their purity and their strength, we may cherish in our memories the spotless record of the fallen soldier, and feel that he has not lived in vain. REUBEN B. BOSTON, Colouel, 5tli Virginia Cavalry. Red Hill, the former residence of Captain Reuben H. Boston and INIargaret S. Rayland, the maiden name of ]\Irs. Boston, is handsomely situated on the Rivanna River, in the county of Fluvanna, Virginia. During their lifetime it wore an air of neat- ness and taste that at the same time besjioke the chai'aeter of those who dwelt there, and rendered it one of the most attractive places on a stream bordered by some of the finest estates in that section of Virginia. Captain and JNIrs. Boston were both native Virgin- ians, and belonged to a class of whom it is sad to think there are but few now remaining. Time, with the bitter experiences of the past few years, has well-nigh swept them all away. Under the roof of Captain Boston, no one, whether guest or stranger, could fail to be impressed with the warm hospitality that reigned there, or depart without carrying with him many kind wishes for those he left behind. - 18()5.J THE UNIVEESITY MEMOKIAL. 711 Here, and of such parentage, on the 21st day of April 1834, was born Reuben Beverley Boston, the subject of this sketch. 1 n liis youthful days he was not particularly fond of study, and yet at the early age of nineteen or twenty years he had attained such proficiency as a scholar that we find him connected as one of the teachers witli a first-class classical school of fine reputation, at Mr. Franklin Minor's, in the county of Albemarle. In the fall of 1855 he entered the University as a student of law, and pursued his studies there with more tliau ordinary assiduity throughout the session. lie did not offer for gradua- tion ; but with less fondness for social enjoyment, and Avith less •field for its indulgence, the close of the session would perhaps have found him qualified for a diploma in this difficult department. After leaving the University, the groundwork of his professional education laid, he determined to seek a knowledge of the practice in the law-office of William J. Robertson, Esq., then a distinguished member of the bar of the neighboring town of Charlottesville, and afterwards a member of the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia. Here he continued some time, and here perhaps learned the high and honorable bearing which in after-life always characterized his professional intercourse with his brethren of the bar. On leaving the office of Mr. Robertson he emigrated to the State of Tennessee, and in connection with an intimate friend and college associate, Joseph Urquhart, Esq., entered upon the active practice of his profession in the city of Memphis, and in the short space of less than twelve months lie won his way to a practice which more than repaid his brightest anticipations. Learning, however, of the fail- ing health of his parents, he returned to Virginia in the fall of 1859; and after a short period of recreation among his friends, resumed the practice of his profession in* his native county. It was not long, however, that he was destined to engage in the quiet , pursuits of civil life. Possessed of an ardent patriotism and a keen appreciation of the rights of his State and section, as he dwelt upon the many grievances they had suffered, his heart glowed with a warm desire to aid in the attempt to redress them. He no longer felt at liberty to pursue the quiet, unexciting duties of business life. His country liad been wronged, and now " The field of combat was the sphere of men." 742 THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. [April, Accordingly, early after the commencement of the war, he entered the service of the South, His first military experience was in the scouting service, a branch of duty for which his great daring eminently fitted him, and in which he was of signal benefit to the cause, and won the admiration and applause of all the gen- eral officers for whom he acted. He did not long continue in this service, but returned home and made up, in connection with Wil- liam H. Crank, Esq., of Charlottesville, an artillery company, from his own county and the county of Albemarle. Of this company he was elected 1st Lieutenant. It was subsequently transferred to cavalry, and joined the battalion of Major H. C. Pate, which, with the addition of several other companies, consti-' tuted the 5th Virginia Cavalry. In this regiment Captain Boston commanded Company I He was acting in this capacity when the battles of Chancellorsville and Spottsylvania Court House were fought. In both of these Captain Boston acted with dis- tinguished gallantry; in the latter, engaging by the side of young Modena, of Richmond, in a hand-to-hand conflict with the enemy at great odds. At the cavalry fight at Aldie, on the 17th of June, 1863, one of the fiercest of the war, then commanding a squadron of sharpshooters, he again acted with most conspicuous bravery. Ordered by Colonel Rosser to the front, with Captain White and Lieutenants F. C. Boston, Ragsdale, and Hoard, and forty-five men, without protection save by a small stack of straw, he held in check for a length of time two full regiments of the enemy. In this engagement Lieutenant Ragsdale was killed, two others of the officers severely wounded, and several of the men slightly. The enemy lost in killed seventeen, in wounded about thirty. Captain Boston, with his brother, Lieutenant Boston, and most of the men, Avere surrounded and taken prisoners ; but it was not until Captain Boston had fired his last bullet and re- ceived one through his clothes that he surrendered. They were held as prisoners about nine months. Soon after the death of Colonel Pate at Yellow Tavern, May 11th, 1864, Captain Boston was promoted to the office of Colonel. It was understood that his promotion was intended as but a just testimonial to the gallantry which he had invariably displayed whenever occasion offered. By a mistake of the enemy's wagons for our own. Colonel Boston was again captured at Trevillian's Depot, in the county of Louisa, in the summer of 1864. This time, however, his 1SG5.] THE UNIVERSITY MEMOPJAL. 743 detention was but brief. He was placed in charge of a Federal Sergeant, and, while riding along in company with each other, conversing familiarly upon general topics, the Sergeant courteously proposed a smoke, to which he readily assented, but suggested " some of the old Virginia weed " which he had instead of that offered by the Sergeant. This proposition, seemingly made in jierfect good faith and without motive, had the effect of placing the latter entirely off his guard. They filled their pipes, and from the kind manner practised between the two soldiers as they rode along, one might well have supposed they were the best of friends. AVhat, however, was the chagrin of the Sergeant, as he placed his pistol aside for the purpose of enjoying what, at least between them, he had supposed was the calumet of peace, to witness his pris- oner dash with the freedom of an antelope across the field, and soou disappear from sight, leaving the luckless Sergeant to enjoy the " old Virginia weed " alone. Colonel Boston's regiment operated with the Army of Northern Virginia, steadily following its chano-ins; fortunes to the close. After the retirement of that army from before Richmond, early in the month of April 1865, when almost eveiy hope had perished. Colonel Boston still main- tained a cheerful demeanor, quietly and uumurmuringly submitting to trials that after that period broke many a less manly spirit; until, at the battle of High Bridge, on the 7th day of that month, while engaged in a bold reconnoissance of the enemy's position, he was shot and instantly killed. His comrades buried him in a shallow grave upon the field, a salute was ordered to be fired above him, and they mournfully turned away from all that was mortal of Reuben B. Boston. In stature Colonel Boston was well-proportioned and full six feet in height, very erect in carriage, and one of the most com- manding officers in appearance in the whole army. On the field he was the very type of Virginia chivalry, and by the camp-fire Jiis genial nature and kind manner towards officers and men ren- dered him the cynosure of every circle which he entered. A few days after the surrender of the army at Appomattox Court House, under the direction of his relatives, his remains were disinterred. At the old homestead at Red Hill, amid the scenes of his youthful sports, he now rests in a repose from which not reveille nor roll-call can e'er summon him again to the service of the land he loved so well. 744 THE UNIVEPuSlTY MEMORIAL. ^^prij^ BRECKINEIDGE BROTHERS. Peachy G. Breckinridge. Acting Captain, Conapany B, and JA3IES Breckinridge, Captain, Company C, 2d Virginia Cavalry. "Brothers !^^ — what a wealth of power in that word; power for joy, power for sorrow ; power to thrill the heart Avith delight, and power to wring it with anguish ! And how often lias it forced its way into these pages, eloquent with the griefs of the living and with the glory of the dead ! Conrad brothers, Radford brothers, Towles brothers, Massie brothers, Davidson brothers, AVrenn brothers, Wyatt brothers, Chalmers brothers, Meem brothers : all these have found a place in this memorial record. And now we close the record by adding anotlier name to this roll of martyr brothers — a name which was historic before it was written with the point of the sword, and in characters of blood, upon the annals of an ill-starred people. Peachy Gilmer Breckinridge, son of Carey and Emma Gilmer Breckinridge, of Botetourt county, Virginia, was born on the 15th of September 1835. His character was a combination of strong qualities, prominent among which was his courage, botli moral and physical. It has, indeed, been said of him that he never experienced the sensation of fear ; but if he did he seemed not to lose the power of self-possession, even in his youth and under the most critical circumstances. While a boy he M'as one day skating with his school mates, when the ice broke and he went down beyond his depth. He rose to the surface, but with each effort to extricate himself the ice gave way. One of his com- panions who was very fond of him was hastening to his assistance, when GiLJrER shouted to him to go back or he would certainly be drowned. Reaching at length a point where the ice was firmer, he climbed out without help. His affection for his mother and respect for her wishes Avas another marked characteristic. "When about eighteen, the ao-e at which so many young men think it an evidence of their manhood to disregard the injunctions of their parents, Gilmer was visiting some friends who played cards for amusement; they wished him to join them, but he declined, saying he did not know how. They urged him to learn, and when he refused, demanded his reason. He simply replied : " My mother does not wish me to play." 18G5.] THE ITJSIVEIliJlTY MEMORIAL. ' 745 In 1853 he entered the Virginia Military Institute, and there received the education which eminently fitted him for the service his country afterwards demanded at his hands. His first year at the Institute was marked by a determination to resist the tyranny always exercised by the older 'cadets over the " plebs." Few young men have ever succeeded in their efforts to withstand the com- binations of the advanced classes ; indeed, the submission of the i:>lehcians is a custom so time-honored that very few of them think of attempting to violate it. If it is a custom "more honored in the breach tlian in the observance," Gil:mer Breckinridge 2)aid it tlie highest respect : he never surrendered to his seniors. He next pursued a course at William and Mary College; and afterwards (in 1857) he entered the University of Virginia as a law student. The following summer he joined the Pacific Hail- road Exploring Expedition, under Lieutenant Beale, of the United States Army. One of his adventures during this trip came near costing him his life. The party were halting for several days on the Canadian River, when one morning he took his gun and Avent out in search of game. In the excitement of hunting he lost his bearings, and was not able to return to the camp. For three days he wandered about, bewildered and without food, in a country filled with hostile Indians and wild beasts. On the morning of the third day he struck the trail, and after walking a few miles saw an Indian running towards him, yelling loudly ; others soon appeared, rapidly approaching and making the air ring with their shouts from every direction ; but he was pleasantly relieved at finding they were hunters sent out in search of him. On his return from California he commenced the practice of law, and was rising rapidly in his profession when the war broke out. In 1860 he was married to Miss Julia AnJ«liony. When the State Convention was called to consider the question of secession, he was nominated by the FIncastle paper as a candi- date for that body. He was strongly opposed to the disruption of the Government, and upon his acceptance of the nomination he issued an address to the people of Botetourt and Craig counties, stating clearly his political views. The following extracts from that address serve to show at once his devotion to the Union, his strong sarcastic method of argumentation, and his stern moral courage for which he was conspicuous, illustrated in this case by his bold opposition to the popular feeling: — '46 THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. [April, "... But admitting that slavery is in danger, and that dis- union is the only remedy, let us see whether slavery is worth the Union. We must treat slaves as we would other property, and give it its value in dollars and cents. We must lay aside that ro- mantic attachment for this peculiar property which would lead us to sacrifice everything else, and leave us in the possession of it without being able to enjoy it. If we separate from the North, it will be on account of the bad feeling existing between us; so that there will be no hope of our being on terras of friendship hereafter. This, then, would compel us to keep a standing army on our northern frontier. Now, if the Legislature of Virginia al- lowed the hanging, not the trial or board, of seven men who had been caught by the United States marines, to cost the State $220,- 000, how much would it cost to keep up an array of 20,000 men? But as we may, after the next general election, be blessed with a Legislature which will have no ambition to hang Abolitionists with military honors, I may state that it is calculated that to support 20,000 men costs $6,000,000 a year. Now, would the slaves of Virginia be worth that much more out of the Union than they would be i/i it? , . , " We are advised to secede, but no one has said what we are to do afterwards. We would have to establish a new Government; but would it be a confederacy, a consolidated republic or mon- archy? The party in whose hands the Union is dropping to pieces, is the party which will have to make the new Gov^ernraent. Now, is it likely that men who were unable to manage a Govern- ment already made — and said to be the best in tlie world — could make a better? It is easier to pull down a Government than it is to put up a better. . . . " While I intend to battle for the Union so long as we continue in it, when Virginia decides to withdraw from it, and calls for volunteers to defend her from invasion, I do not expect to be found far behind those who are now crying out so boldly for blood, un- less it be in retreat. He who raises his hand against the Consti- tution of the United States, which he is sworn to defend, will not be a reliable man even in a slave confederacy. Why is this dis- union movement made? Why is slavery in danger? Dema- gogues, North and South, have fired the hearts of brother against brother. We forget that ' a house divided against itself must fall,' We forget that in destroying this Union we but invite the hostility istjo.i THE UNIVERSITY MEMOEIxVL. 747 of foreign foes. Has every spark of patriotism died out in the souls of the people? If exiled in a foreign land, would the heart turn back to Virginia, or South Carolina, or New York, or to any one State as the cherished home of its pride ? No ; we would re- member only that we were Americans. We would pine for the land whose goddess sits triumphant on her throne — her fjot upon the neck of tyrants — her ensign welcoming beneath its shelter the oppressed of distant nations. Away with your Palmetto flags! Let the banner under which Washington fought wave over every blow that I strike in battle; and if I die the death of a soldier, let ine be wrapped in the 'Star Spangled Banner.' " . . . Gilmer Breckinridge was not elected to the Convention ; but when Virginia seceded and called for troops to defend her borders, true to the words that he had uttered, he was among the first to answer her summons. He at once raised and equipped a company of infantry and led it to the front. When the 28th Virginia Regiment was organized, his command became a part of it. The military career of Captain Breckinridge is so connected with that of his younger brother, James, that we must now glance at the early life of the latter. He was born September 1st, 1837, and passed his early youth without incident worthy of record. The features of his mind were softer than those of his brother's. Plis childhood's delight was to read about battles. Napoleon being his model of a hero ; and when he advanced in years he was devoted to horsemanship and athletic sports. He was first educated, like his brother, at the Virginia Military Institute; and then, during the session of 1859-60, he pursued the study of law at the Uni- versity of Virginia. Thus he was just preparing to enter upon the ])ractice of his profession when our national disturbances in- tervened. When his brother Gilmer set out for the field at the liead of an infantry company, he, influenced perhaps by his fond- ness for horses, enlisted in a company of cavalry, which was, upon the organization of regiments, incorporated with the 2d Virginia Cavalry. He was appointed Orderly Sergeant of the company, and afterwards rose to be Lieutenant. In this command he par- ticipated in the cavalry service of the first year of the war — arduous and exciting and dangerous, but after all, only a prelude to the exacting duties of succeeding years. In March 1862, he was married to Miss Fanny Buvwell, of Liberty — " a lovely girl, to whom he was devotedly attached." 748 THE UNIVEESITY MEMORIAL. [April, At the reorganization of the army he was elected Captain of Company C, of the 2d Cavahy ; and "in this capacity he con- tinued to serve throughout the war with a fidelity and patriotism which could not be surpassed." The occasion which gave command to one brother deprived the other of it. In the 28th Infantry Gilmer Breckinridge was not re-elected; but, like Jubal Early, he went into tlie service not as a Secessionist, but as a Union man, fighting for the riglits of his old mother, Virginia. Accordingly, unmoved by this act of in- justice, which stung to the quick so many of our best officers, he joined the State Line under General Floyd, recruited a company for it, and was afterwards promoted to a Majority. When at length the State Line was disbanded, he did not hesitate concern- ing his duty. In May 1863, stepping down into the ranks, he enlisted in his brother's company of the 2d Cavalry. In this capacity, and as Color-Sergeant, he served — and by his faithful service honored his position — until the 24th of May, 1864, when he was assigned to the command of Company B, of tiie same regi- ment. On that day occurred the attack at Kennon's Landing, and there he yielded up his life. Some account of that unfortunate assault was given in the memoir of James G. Carr. The follow- ing statement of an officer engaged in it may also be added : — "We dismounted, made the assault, and were repulsed. Major Breckinridge was Avounded in the arm. We then changed our position and charged again through some obstructions of fallen trees and sharpened limbs. Major Breckinridge pushed on, working his way through the obstructions under a very heavy fire, and got within about fifty feet of the parapet, with only a few men around him, when he was seen to fall." It was impossible to bring him from the field, and so he sleeps in an unknown grave. His regimental commander, Colonel Thomas T. Munford, thus spoke of him in a letter to his parents : — " Your noble son had won the admiration of all the officers and men of my regiment. Throwing aside pride at loss of rank, he came forward as a private to defend his country. His gallant bearing as the Color-Sergeant, his uniform buoyant spirits under all circumstances, frequently volunteering when not called upon to go into a fight, had caused me to mention him in my reports, and he had been recommended for promotion and assigned to the 1SG5.J THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. 749 command of Company B, as all of the officers of that company wore absent, wounded. It was at the head of his company he • fell, striking for all that was dear to him. Virginia has made heavy sacrifices, but no nobler patriot has fallen than your noble son.'' Of James Breckinridge's subsequent military career there is not space in this volume to go into the details. And porha})S it is just as well; for the heroism of the Confederate cavalry often borders on the marvellous, and many of their deeds would be received with "doubtful credence" by those who have not par- ticipated in this service. It is enough to say for Captain Breck- IXRIDGE that he was worthy of his company, and of the regiment to which it belonged. In August 1862, his command remained for a time near Gor- donsville, and his wife spent a few days with him at the house of his uncle, Dr. Gilmer. Immediately upon her return home she was stricken down with typhoid fever, and died while he was engaged Avith Pope's army, and unable even to hear of her illness. It was to him a crushing blow, but through God's mercy it led him to the Saviour; for so He killeth, and so He maketh alive. And so after a time the young soldier was able to regard as his home the heaven to which he believed his Christian wife had been translated. From that time he had little interest in life, except to serve his country, which he did fearlessly and faithfully. Escaping all the perils of war until just before the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, he was at last missing from his company. Xo friendly eye witnessed his death ; but he had been heard to say he would never surrender, and when last seen on the retreat he was surrounded by the enemy and fighting with des- peration. His fate is veiled by the clouds that hung in dark column over the way from Petersburg to Appomattox Court House. He was not i)resent to take part in the sad pageantry of the 12th of April ; and he came never back to his home in Botetourt, though wistful, longing eyes watched for him till every hope was lost. The Conrad brothers sleep together, as they fell, in one grave and under their father's eye. Even this is something to the be- reaved. Significant of the ever-increasing heart-burdens of the Southern people; typical, some will perhajis think, of the mystery which still shrouds this Southern land, is the fate of the Breck- '50 THE UNIVEESITY MEMOEIAL. [Api-j INRIDGE Brothers. They yielded up their lives on different and distant fields, and found their resting-place — none can tv^ll when or how. But, like the Conrads, they were one in faith. Gilmer had long been a devoted Christian and a consistent member of the Episcopal Church ; and we have seen how James learned at length to kiss the hand that afflicted him. And so they too triumphed in death, and, springing heavenward, left their names to their countrymen, their graves to fheir God. END OF VOLUME V. APPENDIX. The following names, with fragmentary notices, are added with a view to make the catalogue of the University dead as complete as may be. Some of them have been mentioned in the memoirs of their relatives; of others it has been found impossible to obtain information, in consequence of the death or removal of their friends; and for the rest, the author need only say that the failure to secure extended notices of them is due to no lack of diligent effort on his part. EGBERT J. JONES, OF ATHENS, ALABAMA ; Student of Law, session 1839-40 ; Colonel of the 4tb Alabama Infantry ; Killed at Manassas, July 21st, 1861. THOMAS J. SCOTT, OP MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA; Born July 26th, 1836 ; Student in 1857-58, 1858-59 ; Private, 3d Alabama Infantry; Killed at "Williamsburg, Virginia, May 5th, 1863. ROBERT BRECKINRIDGE McKIM, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND ; Born December 23d, 1843 ; Student in 1860-61 ; Private in the Rockbridge Artillery ; Killed at Winchester, Virginia, May 25th, 1863. A. JAY ARNOLD, OP ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA; Born August 20th, 1838; Student in 1858-59, 1859-60; 1st Lieutenant, comraandiug Company I, 5th Virginia Infantry, Killed at Port Republic, June 9th, 1803. 751 J '52 APPENDIX. WILLIAM G. FIELD, OP CULPEPER COUNTY, VIRGINIA: Born June, 1838 ; Student in 1857-58, 1858-59, 1859-60, 18G0-61 ; Lieutenant en General Jones's Statf ; Killed at Malvern Hill, July 1st, 1862. GEORGE L. GORDON, OP ALBEMARLE COUNTY, VIKGINIA,* Born January 17lh, 1829 ; Student in 1848-49, 1849-50; Killed at ]\ralvern Hill, July 1st, 1862. JOSEPH PRENTIS, OF THE t'NIVERSITY OK VIRGINIA; Born January 15th, 1845 ; Student in 1861-02 ; Killed at Malvern Hill, July 1st, 1862. GEORGE NOLE LEWIS, OF MONTEREY, ALABAMA ; Born November 1st, 1837; Student in 1854-55, 1855-56, 1856-57, 1857-58; Killed at Sliarpsburg, September 17tli, 1862. JOHN T. THORNTON, B. L., OP CUMBERLAND, VIRGINIA; Graduated Bachelor of Law, session 1843-44 ; Colonel, — Virginia Cavalry ; Killed at Sharpsburg, September 17th, 1862. HARRISON TILLINGHAST, OF MARIANNA, FLORIDA ; Student in 1859-60; Killed at Sharpsburg, September 17th, 1862. WILLIAM MORRIS, OP LOUISA COUNTY, VIRGINIA; Born April 1st, 1837 ; Student in 1854-55, 1855-56, 1856-57 ; Wounded at Coal Harbor, June 27th ; died October 17th, 1862. WASHINGTON B. BUTLER, OF FLORIDA ; Born February 26th, 1840, in Barnstable District, South Carolina ; Student in 1850-57, 1857-58, 1858-59, 1859-60 ; Adjutant, 2d Florida Infantry ; Killed at Chancellorsville, May 2d, 1863. APPENDIX. 753 CORNELIUS A. BUTLER, OF FLORIDA ; Born iu 1837, in Barnwell District, South Carolina ; Student in 1856-57, 1857-58, 1858-59 ; Captain, 3d Florida Infantry ; Killed at Seven Pines, June Ist, 18G3. JOHN SUMMERFIELD JENKINS, OP POHTSMOUTH, VIRGINIA ; Born October 29tb, 1833 ; Student in 1850-57, 1857-58 ; Adjutant, 14th Vh-ginia Infantry; Killed at Gettysburg, July 3d, 1863. JOHN BANKHEAD MAGRUDER, M. A., OP ALBEJIARLE COUNTY, VIRGINIA ; Graduated Master of Arts, session 1859-60 ; Colonel, 57th Virginia Infantry ; Killed at Gettysburg, July 3d, 1863. ROBERT H. POORE, OF FLUVANNA COUNTT, VIRGINIA; Student in 1843-43 ; Major, 14th Virginia Infantry ; Killed at Gettysburg, July 3d, 1863. THOMAS HUNT BISCOE, or NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA; Born November, 1840 ; Student iu 1859-60, 1860-61 ; Major, 7th Louisiana Infantry; Killed at Spottsylvauia Court House, May 10th, 1864. WILLIAM ALEXANDER ROSS, OP CULPEPER COUNTY, VIRGINIA, Born November 37th, 1843 ; Student in 1860-61 ; Lieutenant, Company — , 53d Virginia Infantry ; Mortally wound( d, May 30th, 1864. CHARLES M. RIVES, OP ALBEMARLE COUNTY, VIRGINIA; Born September 18th, 1841 ; Student in 1857-58, 1858-59, 1859-60, 18G0-C1 ; Lieutenant, Albemarle Artillery ; Killed, June 3d, 1864. 48 754 APPENDIX. FRANCIS T. JONES, OF GEOEGIA, Adjutant, Cavahy, Hampton's Brigade, Wounded at Trevillian's, and Died June 20th, 1864. Dk. henry C. CHALMERS, * OF VIRGINIA ; '■ Born at " Springfield," Halifax county, July 20tb, 1837 ; . Student in 1854-55, lSo5-5G ; Surgeon, Confederate States Army; Died, February 7tli, 18G5. ALBERT DAVIDSON, OF LEXINGTON, YIKGINIA ; Son of James D. Davidson, Esq. ; Born December 25th, 1841 ; Student iu 18G0-G1. 1st Lieutenant, Adjutant-General's Department ; Mortally wounded, April 9th, 18G5; died, May Gth, 1865. [Mentioned in the Memoir of Captain Greenlee Davidson.] WILLIAM HOPE PEEK, M. D., OP HAMPTON, VIRGINIA ; Born February 18th, 1838 ; Graduated Doctor of Medicine, session 1859-60 ; Surgeon, Confederate States Army ; Died in the latter part of the war. FREDERICK DAVIDSON, OF LEXINGTON, VIRGINIA ; Son of James D. Davidson, Esq. ; Sergeant, Co. H, 4th Virginia Infantry, Born March 18th, 1836 ; Killed at First Manassas, July 21st, 1861. [Mentioned in the Mernoi?' of Captain Greenleb Davidson.] THOMAS H. HOBBS, B. L., OF ALABAMA ; Graduated Bachelor of Law, session 1848-49 ; Colonel, — th Alabama Infantry. Colonel Thomas Marshall, of Fauquier county, Virginia. Captain William D. Farley, of Laurensville, South Car- olina. APPENDIX. 755 Adjutant William B. Hamlin, of Petersburg, Virginia. Captain Ealph Elliott, of Beaufort, South Carolina. Geoege Gordon, of Fredericksburg, Virginia. Robert Hall Green, of Fauquier county, Virginia. Kennedy Grogan, of Baltimore, Maryland. James W. Lindsay, of Berry's Ferry, Virginia. Reuben Lindsay, of Albemarle county, Virginia. Bernard M. Taylor, of Caroline county, Virginia. John D. Watson, of Charlottesville, Virginia. A. M. McGcHEE, of Louisa county, Virginia. William B. Thompson, of Princess Anne county, Virginia. James Wheatley, of Culpeper county, Virginia. Robert T. Love, of Fairfax Court House, Virginia. L. B. Abercrombie, of Waverly, Texas. William J. Van DeGraff, of Gainesville, Alabama. Franklin Voss, of Baltimore, Maryland. James T. Walker, of Richmond, Texas. Richard B. Shearer, of Appomattox county, Virginia. Joseph K. Irving, of San Francisco, California. William N. AVard, of Richmond county, Virginia. Chapman, of Monroe county, Virginia. END OF THE UNIVERSITY MEMORIAL. FO'El^ EEAD BEFOKE THE SOCIETY OF ALUMNI, OF THB UNIVERSITY OF VIliGTOIik, AX THEIR ANNUAL MEETING, JULY 1st, ISBy, JOHN R. THOMPSON I. Here, at the ■well-remembered gates Tlirougli which we entered Learning's fane, Led, brothers, by the kindly fates, In joy we meet again; And all the troubled Past rolls by Like storm-clouds from the summer sky. Till lo ! Youth's sudden re-appearing grace, A golden sunlight, bathes and beautifies the place. II. To-day, our Mother greets her sous, With tender meaning iu her eyes, The lofty and the lowly ones, Tlie wayward and the wise; Alike, who, to enrich her fame, Come laurelled with an honored name, For virtue, knowledge, proud achievement known, And those who haply yet can offer love alone. 757 758 POEM READ BEFOEE THE SOCIETY OF ALUMKI, And this in wealth I freely bring, As mindful of this careless rhyme, When only high imagining Befits the thoughtful time, Wlien memories round us thickly throng Had moved tlie mightiest lords of song To epic majesty or lyric rage, Such as still lives and burns on the Miitouic page. IV. But well I know that love sincere Our Mother will not cast aside. Nor yet with solemn brows severe Our little failings chide ; To-day, no crabbed tasks she sets Of cosines or of sulphurets: The Sibyl's awful tome she shuts awhile, And bids us all once more be happy in her smile. Since last these friendly walks I trod, My rambling feet have chanced to stray AYhere rise o'er England's verdant sod The "antique towers" of Gray; And where all softly Isis glides To mirror in her tranquil tides The stately domes, the immemorial trees. That give a nameless charm to Oxford's lettered ease. VI. But Eton lacked the magic spell. With Oriel's ivy-clambered walls, That works its wondrous miracle In these familiar halls; That leads our footsteps swiftly back, In fancy, o'er life's devious track. Till on, by paths with plenteous roses strewn, In glad surprise again we reach our twentieth June. OF THE U^^IVEESITY'. QF.VIEGmiA. 759 YII. O Alma Mater! brighter far To us thy whitewashed brick arcades, Than Europe's Gothic miusters are, Or chissic colouuades : More dear these liills of oak and pine Than all the purple Apenniue, Since here from boy to man we grew in turn, And lessons daily caught we never can unlearn. VIII. Here Nature year by j'ear revealed The truths that Science would impress, As Spring threw over copse and field Her newly woven dress; And Autumn, walking in her pride The maple belled mountain-side, Flung out her scarlet banners to the day, Till the whole Blue Hidge owned her coming and her sway. IX. The Present was a rhythmic ode That beat to pulses of the heart, And music from the future flowed Diviner than Mozart: That music swells for us no more. That strain is hushed on sea and shore; But th,)se who come our places here to fill, Can catch its joyous burst, its glorious strophe still. X. How quick from premise unto proof Our yet undiujmed perceptions rani How fair we built from base to roof Our chUcanx en Esparjne! Then life was but a reeling sense Of something like omnipotence: The lips we loved, the sweetest carlhly flowers. Bloomed, smiled for us, and all the giddy world was ours! 760 POEM READ BEFORE THE SOCIETY OF ALUMNI, XI. De Juventute, threadbare theme lu every age of pen aud touguc, — How gladly we dream o'er the dream We dreamt when we were young ! Nor futile yet this backward view, Could we our early faith renew, And with the joy aud freshness of our youth, Revive in all its strength our boyish trust in Truth. XII. For soon amid the worldly din Of man's incessant strife for gold — What time our hair grew gray or thin — That early faith grew cold : Illusions that we dearest held Were sadly, one by one, dispelled : The pageant faded, and tliat boyish trust, Ere life's meridian liour, lay trodden in the dust. XIII. One self-same fortune all have known Of human life's unvaried round, Who wandered to earth's farthest zone Or tilled their native ground: On far-off oceans rudely tost. Or deep in roaring cities lost. All, all have grieved, whatever else was gained, Some precious chance ill-used, some guerdon unattained. XIV. In vain, as boys or men, we seek The mind's ideal; still it flies Our eager grasj:), from peak to peak, Beyond the distant skies ; Or from some lofty pathless cliff Forever mocks us with an IJ\ Until we weary of the idle quest. And, baffied oftentimes, sit down and long for rest. OF THE UNIVEKSITY OF VIEGINIA. 761 XV. And thus, iu ceaseless care and strife, Man walks the plain or toils the steep, And then at last " our Utile life Is rounded with a sleep " : Thrice happy they who leave behind Some deaUiless work of heart or niiud, Some gem discovered m the mines of Thought, To tell that they have lived, and have not lived for nought. XVI. "But why not," some one seems to say, " O Poet ! with your verse infuse The humor of a livelier lay, Or woo a merrier Muse? AVhy turn in this dejected mood From platitude to platitude, Content on trite moralities to dwell. So often drily taught and only learned too well? XVII. " Need poet by what themes be told The passing hour is best beguiled? The Graces never yet grew old, And Love remains a child ; * And woman's neck is still as white As Helen's, and her eyes as bright: And 'ueath her smile the Future's shadowy scope In sudden glow assumes the radiant hues of Hope." The timely hint I fain would heed, That sadness is not Wisdom's plan. And scatter from the sportive reed The jocund notes of Pan ; And yet I do but strive in vain Some mirth to mingle with my strain: The lighter fancies bring not their relief, The pensive humor holds and deepens into grief. * Les Amours eout tonjonrs eufans, Et les Graces sout de tout age. 762 POEM READ BEFORE THE SOCIETY OF ALUMKI, XIX. For, brothers, while your ranks I view, Another throng, methiuks, I see. And road the Psalmist's line anew The Dead alone are free ! ' Some who departed ere the flame Of conquest and of ruin came, And some who passed through battle's fiercest fire Beyond all earthly wrong, and struggle, and desire. XX. And death hath to their presence lent A grace the living cannot reach. Their silence is more elociuent Than our imperfect speech — The calm of an eternal rest Is in each countenance exprest ; I mark the halo round each shining head, And feel we are less great, less noble than the Dead. XXI. Their praise demands a loftier verse: Ah ! what avails this feeble line Thy merit, TnoiiNTox ! to rehearse ; Or, gifted Coleman! thine? The orator whose deeds eclipse The memory of his fluent lips, — The gentle scholar and the faithful friend, Who Falkland's knighthood seemed with Arnold's lore to blend. XXII. While here our sorrowing ]\lother keeps Ilis loss as her peculiar pain, For yet another child she weeps Who came not back again — Whose brief career on earth would seem A tender but unfinished theme — Matjpin, translated to the silent shore, Robed with immortal youth, and fair forevermoer. OF THE UNIVEESITY OF VIEGINIA. 763 XXIII. What helps it now that I should seek Of Newton's cherished worth to tell; Of Fairfax, peerless name ' to speak, Among the first who fell ; Of BiiowN to sing, whose diamond star Of death in battle shines afar; To call up LATA]s;f:'s benignant shade. Upon whose early grave some few poor wreaths I laid? XXIV. The fame how shall my rhyme declare Of him,, with every virtue sealed. Who glorious made the name I bear, On Shiloh's crimsoned field ; Of Terrell, Paxton, Rives, who died Upborne on triumph's transient tide; Of CuNKiNGHAM, bewailed with costliest tears, And Harrison, cut down in manhood's opening years? XXV. What pen, though dipped in morning skies, What sweetest song of living praise, The unavailing sacrifice Shall mark to coming days. Of gallant Pegram, loved, deplored, A saintly life, a stainless sword, — The young Marcellus of the falling State, A Virgil's lay alone might fitly celebroite. XXVI. Nor yet less dearly mourned arc they, Faitlifnl la council and in camp, Who perished in tlie slow decay Of life's expiring lamp: I think of Tucker's features lit With nmsic, tenderness, and wit; Of Heath's fine licad with Learning's laurel decked, And Randolpu's brow where sat ancestral Intellect. 764 POEM KEAD BEFORE THE SOCIETY OF ALUMNI, XXVII. Rest, heroes, rest from toil and care, By mountain slope or ocean's tides, Or deep in that rich Valle}', -where Old StoncwaH's ghost still rides : Albeit no memorial stone ]\Iay make j'our names and valor known, There fairest maidens scatter blooms around. And with perennial love your quiet graves arc crowned. XXVIII. Guard well, ye mountains, their repose; Cliaunt, ocean, chaunt tlieir requiem; . From you whate'er of greatness flows "Was imaged forth in thcni ; And all on earth that's fair and bright. Of dearer charm or larger light. Shall still keep fresh the memory of the brave, While Alleghany stands, or rolls th' Atlantic wave. xxrx. Their varied lives agree in one The sacred mandate to renew — What still your hands find to be done With all your might to do : They teach that not till we have striven With ail the strength that God has given, Can we relinquish the appointed task, And on our feeble work His blessing dare to ask. XXX. An exile from my place of birth, I bear, in antique urn euslirincd, No handful of my native earth To keep the spot in mind : All that thou wast, tliat now thou art, I shrine, Virginia ! in my heart ; Thy hills, thy plains, thy rushing streams I see Upon whatever soil my feet may chance to be. OF THE UNIVEESITY OF VIKGINIA. 765 XXXT. Iler future what though clouds enfold ? — Brave hands the waste may renovate, And make her greater than of old, Aye, somethhig more than great In labor, not in listlcssness, Lies hid the secret of success; And now, as ever, empire's fruitful seeds, Bearing an hundredfold, are homely, toilsome deeds. XXXII. "Wise Nature reconstructs her realm In beauty from her primal springs: The blue-bird twitters in the elm. The corn still laughs and sings ; Heaven showers upon the thirsty plain The early and the latter rain. And Plenty waits with ever liberal hand Her unexhausted gifts to pour upon the laud. XXXIII. And, casting oS" unwise regrets. We yet may hope that time shall prove Kind hearts are more than bayonets, And force less strong than love: We hnoio that order shall appear When God has made His purpose clear; The darkest riddles shall be understood. And all the perfect world shall in His sight be good !