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International Bureau of the American Republics, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C, 
 U. S. A.. 
 
 CUBA 
 
 ^ 
 
 PREPARED BY 
 
 SENOR GONZALO DE QUESADA, 
 
 Minister of Cuba to the United States of America, 
 
 and 
 
 Approved by the Cuban Government. 
 
 NOVEMBER, 1905. 
 
 WASHINGTON: 
 
 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 
 
 1905. 
 
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International Bureau of the American Republics, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C, 
 U. S. A. 
 
 CUBA 
 
 ^^1 
 
 "k. 
 
 PREPARED BY 
 
 SENOR GONZALO DE QUESADA, 
 
 Minister of Cuba to the United States of America, 
 
 and 
 
 Approved by the Cuban Government. 
 
 NOVEMBER, 1905. 
 
 WASHINGTON: 
 
 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 
 
 1905. 
 
"While the utmost care is taken to insure accuracy in the publications of 
 the International Bureau of the American Republics, no responsibility is 
 assumed on account of errors or inaccuracies which may occur therein. 
 
 18 JAN 1906 
 D. of 0, 
 
 ip- 76^0 reufse^t 
 
 J 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Page. 
 Chapter I. Geographical sketch and area — Topography — Orography — 
 Hydrography — Geology — Flora — Fauna— Climatology — Popu- 
 lation — Vital statistics. . . .■ 5 
 
 II. Government and constitutional organization — Citizenship — Com- 
 mercial laws — Army and navy — Religion 17 
 
 III. The city of Habana 39 
 
 IV. Provinces — Geographical sketch of each — Resources — Popula- 
 
 tion, etc 48 
 
 V. Review of the agricultural wealth — Lands, their classification and 
 value in the different provinces — Facilities for obtaining Govern- 
 ment lands; laws governing same — Forest and forest products- 
 Principal products, their cultivation, use, and disposition — Prin- 
 cipal plants cultivated — Truck gardens — Size of farms and 
 
 acreage of crops — Fruits and vegetables 65 
 
 VI. Stock raising 105 
 
 VII. Number and kinds of mines — Their exploitation — Product — 
 
 Mining laws, etc 113 
 
 VIII. Manufacturing and other industries — Development, production, 
 
 laws governing taxes, etc 127 
 
 IX. Commerce and navigation — Tariff and customs laws 135 
 
 X. Money, banks and banking 230 
 
 XI. Financial organization — Revenues, debt, etc 234 
 
 XII. Means of communication 243 
 
 XIII. Immigration ' 258 
 
 XIV. History of education in Cuba — Laws and regulations — School 
 
 systems in the Republic 267 
 
 XV. Patent and trade-mark regulations 280 
 
 XVI. Miscellaneous data; weights and measures, etc 309 
 
 XVII. Bibliography and cartography 315 
 
 Appendix. Constitution of the Republic of Cuba 513 
 
 3 
 
CUBA. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL SKETCH AND AREA — TOPOGRAPHY — OROG- 
 RAPHY— HYDROGRAPHY — GEOLOGY— FLORA — FAUNA— CLIMA- 
 TOLOGY— POPULATION— VITAL STATISTICS. 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL SKETCH AND AREA. 
 
 Cuba is the largest, most populous, and westernmost of the Antilles. 
 Shaped like the arc of a circle, with its convex side to the north, it 
 extends from 74-85° west from Greenwich, and from 19°-40' to 23°-33' 
 latitude north. It is about 100 miles from Florida, separated from it 
 by the strait of the same name; to the east is Haiti, about 50 miles; on 
 the south, Jamaica, 85 miles; on the west, the Yucatan Channel, about 
 130 miles, which separates it from Mexico. Its length is about 730 
 miles (1,594 kilometers), from Cape San Antonio to Cape Maisi. Its 
 breadth differs, ranging from 160 miles (200 kilometers), in Oriente 
 Province, to 22 miles (40 kilometers), in Habana Province. Its total 
 area, including the Isle of Tines, is 45,883 square miles (118,832 square 
 kilometers), of which Cuba occupies 43,319 square miles, the Isle of 
 Pines 1,214, and the other islands and keys 1,350. Cuba is therefore 
 larger than Portugal, Belgium, and the Netherlands, a little less in 
 size than the State of Virginia, about the size of England, and some- 
 what smaller than Pennsylvania. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHY. 
 
 The north coast is for the most part bluff and rocky, and, in the 
 Provinces of Matanzas, Santa Clara, and Camaguey, bordered by 
 lines of islands and reefs of coral formation, the passages through 
 which are extremely intricate and difficult. These islands are low, 
 are in the main covered with mangrove forests, and contain few 
 inhabitants. 
 
 5 
 
6 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 The coast is low in the western part of the island, the bluffs ranging 
 about 1,000 feet in height in Pinar del Rio and rising gradually east- 
 ward. About Mantanzas they reach 500 feet in altitude. In Santa 
 Clara and Camaguey they are lower, but in Oriente the coast is abrupt 
 and rugged, almost mountainous, rising in a succession of terraces. 
 
 The south coast from Cape Maisi to Cape Cruz is mountainous. 
 Indeed, from Santiago westward to Cape Cruz the Sierra Maestra rises 
 abruptly from the water to altitudes of several thousand feet. The 
 shores of the Gulf of Buena Esperanza, into which flows the Rio Cauto, 
 are low, and from this place westward, excepting a short stretch 
 between Trinidad and Cienfuegos, the coast is low and marshy as far 
 as Cape San Antonio, the westernmost point of the island. The coast 
 strip of marsh is in the main narrow, but west of Cienfuegos it 
 broadens into a great expanse, forming the Zapata Swamp, an almost 
 impenetrable region 75 miles in length with a maximum breadth of 
 fully 30 miles, clothed with the densest vegatation and teeming with 
 tropical life. It was within the protecting limits of this marsh that 
 the Cubans during the recent revolution maintained a hospital for their 
 sick and wounded. 
 
 Off the south coast are hundreds of low, marshy mangrove-covered 
 islands and islets. 
 
 Most of the harbors on both coasts are of peculiar shape, resembling 
 nothing so much as pouches with narrow, often sinuous, entrances, 
 opening within into broad expanses completelj^ sheltered. This is the 
 character of the harbors of Bahia Honda, Cabanas, Habana, Santiago, 
 Cienfuegos, Guantanamo, Nipe, and many others less known. 
 
 OROGRAPHY. 
 
 In its relief the island of Cuba is not a simple orographic unit, but 
 presents great variety and irregularity, which render it incapable of 
 simple description and generalization. The middle portion of the 
 island, including the Provinces of Habana, Matanzas, Santa Clara, 
 and Camaguey, presents little relief, but consists in the main of 
 broad, undulating plains and shallow valleys, the land rising only in 
 a few places to any considerable altitude. It is onl}'^ at the two 
 extremes of the island, in the Province of Pinar del Rio, on the west, 
 and Oriente, on the east, that the island presents any considerable or 
 well-defined range of hills. Throughout Pinar del Rio there runs a 
 range of hills, a little north of the middle line of the Province and 
 closely paralleling in direction the northern coast. This range, which 
 is fairly well defined, is known as the Cordillera de los Organos, or 
 Organ Mountains, and rises in many places to altitudes exceeding 2,000 
 feet, culminating in Pan de Guajaibon, having an altitude of 2,500 
 feet. From the crest of this range the land descends northward and 
 
 I 
 

 f'^,....-^ .^ 
 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA, 7 
 
 southward to the coast in long-, undulating slopes, the southward 
 slopes forming the celebrated tobacco lands known as Vuelta Abajo. 
 
 The central Provinces of Cuba — Habana, Matanzas, Santa Clara, 
 and Camaguey — consist mainly of broadly rolling plains with shallow 
 stream valleys. In Habana, Matanzas, and Santa Clara these plains 
 are, or were prior to the late revolution, in a high state of cultivation, 
 while in Camaguey they are in the main used for the grazing of cattle. 
 The Valle}^ of the Yumuri, in Matanzas, is a type of the beautiful, 
 highly cultivated region of this part of the island. 
 
 The Sierra de los Organos ceases as a range a little west of Habana, 
 but traces of this uplift can be followed through the central part of 
 Habana Matanzas, Santa Clara, and the western part of Camague}^ in 
 the form of lines of hills of no great altitude dotting these extended 
 plains. They are seen south of the city of Habana in the little tim- 
 bered hills known as the Tetas de Managua, and farther east in the 
 Areas de Canasi, the Escaleras de Jaruco, and the Pan de Matanzas, 
 just south of the city of Matanzas. This rises to an altitude of 1,300 
 feet and serves as a landmark to sailors far out in the Atlantic. In 
 the eastern part of Matanzas Province these hills disappear, but they 
 reappear again in Santa Clara, taking the form of elongated crest and 
 lines and flat top summits, and gfs such extend into the western part 
 of the Province of Camaguey. 
 
 In the southern part of the Province of Santa Clara is a group of 
 rounded hills, occupying an area ■ between Cienf uegos, Trinidad, and 
 Sancti Spiritus. The highest of these, Potrerillo, has an altitude of 
 2,900 feet. Among these hills are many beautiful valleys. 
 
 Oriente, at the other end of the island, is a Province presenting 
 great relief. Its surface is extremely broken with high, sharp moun- 
 tain ranges, broad plateaus of considerable elevation, and deep valleys, 
 some of them broad, others narrow and resembling canyons. The 
 dominating orographic feature of the Province — indeed of the whole 
 island — is the Sierra Maestra, which, commencing at Cape Cruz, 
 south of Manzanillo, extends eastward, closely paralleling the coast, 
 from which it rises abruptly, as far east as the neighborhood of San- 
 tiago. In this part it contains many points exceeding 5,000 feet in 
 altitude and culminates in Pico Turquino, which is reputed to have an 
 altitude of 8,320 feet. 
 
 From Santiago it extends to the east end of the island, but is much 
 more broken and has more of a plateau-like form, with a great dimi- 
 nution in altitude. This portion of the range takes on a different 
 name, being known as the Cobre Range. It contains numerous flat 
 summits, approximating 3,000 feet in altitude, one of which, known 
 as La Gran Piedra, is said to have an altitude of 3,300 feet. 
 
 North of Sierra Maestra lies the broad and fertile valley of the 
 Cauto, beyond which the country rises gradually to a high plateau, 
 
8 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 occupying the interior of the Province, with a summit elevation of 
 1,000 feet or more, in which stands the city of Holguin. The eastern 
 part of the Province consists of a maze of broken hills, with altitudes 
 ranging from 1,000 to 2,000 feet, in which are many small and fertile 
 valleys. 
 
 The Isle of Pines, with an area of 840 square miles, is a municipal 
 district of the Province of Habana. It is in effect two islands, con- 
 nected by a marsh, the northern being somewhat broken by hills, the 
 southern low, flat, and sandy. 
 
 HYDROGRAPHY. 
 
 The rivers of Cuba, though numerous, are short, and few of them 
 are of any importance for navigation. The largest stream is the Rio 
 Cauto, which heads in the Province of Oriente, on the north slopes of 
 Sierra Maestra, and flows westward through a broad valley to its 
 mouth in the Gulf of Buena Esperanza, after a course of about 
 150 miles. This stream is navigable for light-draft boats to Cauto 
 Embarcadero, about 60 miles south. 
 
 Several other streams are navigable for a few miles above their 
 mouth, but in most cases onl}'^ through what may be regarded as 
 estuaries. 
 
 GEOLOGY. 
 
 The general geology of the island may be briefly stated as consisting 
 of an older basement of pre-Tertiary sedimentary rocks in which 
 Cretaceous and probably Jurassic fossils have been found. Above 
 this there are, first, littoral beds composed of terrigenous material 
 and then a great thickness of white limestone, consisting of organ- 
 ically derived oceanic material, as distinguished from true reef rock 
 of late Eocene and Oligocene age. The island was reclaimed from 
 the sea and assumed its present relief by a great mountain-making 
 movement in late Tertiary time, succeeding the deposition of these 
 limestone. In later epochs. Pliocene and Pleistocene, the island 
 underwent a series of epeirogenic subsidences and elevations which 
 affected the coastal borders, producing the wave-cut cliffs and a margin 
 of elevated reef rock, which borders the coast in many places, as can 
 be recognized in the cities of Habana and Baracoa. So far as its 
 history is known, the island has never been connected with the 
 American mainland, although such has frequently been asserted to be 
 the case. These assertions have been based upon the erroneous 
 identification of certain vertebrate animal remains. There are no 
 traces in the animal life of Cuba, past or present, which justify this 
 conclusion. Some of the crystalline rocks may be ancient; but most 
 of them are mid-Tertiary in age. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 9 
 
 The most remarkable of the caves are those of Bellamar, of marvel- 
 ous beauty, near Matanzas, visited by all tourists; in Camaguey, those 
 of Cubitas, and in Oriente the one called Nueva del Negro, near Baire, 
 are also noteworthy. 
 
 FLORA. 
 
 The surface of the Jsland is clad in a sumptuous floral mantle, which, 
 from its abundance and beautj'^, first caused Cuba to be designated the 
 Pearl of the Antilles. In addition to those introduced from abroad, 
 over 3,360 native plants have been catalogued. Humboldt said: " We 
 might believe the entire island was originally a forest of palms, wild 
 limes, and orange trees." The flora includes nearly all the character- 
 istic forms of the other West Indies, the southern part of Florida, 
 and the Central American seaboard. Nearly all the large trees of the 
 Mexican tierra caliente, so remarkable for their size, foliage, and 
 fragrance, reappear in western Cuba. Over 30 species of palm, 
 including the famous royal palm (oreodoxa regia), occur, while the 
 pine tree, elsewhere characteristic of the Temperate Zone and the 
 high altitudes of the Tropics, is found associated with palms and 
 mahoganies in the Province of Pinar del Rio and the Isle of Pines, 
 both of which take their name from this tree. 
 
 Among other woods are the lignum-vitse, granadilla, cocoa, wood 
 out of which reed instruments are made, mahogany, and cedrele 
 odorata, which is used for cigar boxes and linings of cabinetwork. 
 
 Although three hundred years of cultivation have exterminated the 
 forest from the sugar lands of the center and west, it is estimated 
 that in the hills of those districts and the mountains of the east nearly 
 13,000,000 acres of uncleared forest remain. 
 
 Rich and nutritious grasses are found throughout the island, afford- 
 ing excellent forage for stock. The pineapples, manioc, sweet potato, 
 and Indian corn are indigenous to the island. When the flora of 
 Cuba is studied geographically it will doubtless be divided into several 
 subdivisions. 
 
 FAUNA. 
 
 Throughout Cuba game is abundant; deer, though not native, have 
 flourished and multiplied greatly. Rabbits are also plentiful. The 
 will boar, so called, the wild dog, and the wild cat are simply domes- 
 tic animals run wild, and are quite numerous in all parts of the island. 
 Wild fowl, especially ducks and pigeons, abound, the former crossing 
 from the Southern States during the winter season, while the latter 
 remain in the island the year round. Pheasants, quail, snipe, wild 
 turkeys, and wild guinea fowl are also numerous, with several varie- 
 ties of game birds, such as the perdiz, tojosas, rabiches, and the 
 guanaros. 
 
 I 
 
10 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 The only distinctive native animal is the jutia or hutfa, rat-like in 
 appearance, and black; it grows to a length of 16 to 18 inches, not 
 including the tail. While eatable, it is not especially palatable. 
 
 Cuba has more than 200 species of native birds, including those 
 already mentioned as game birds, many possessing the most beautiful 
 plumage, but those with song are rare. 
 
 In swampy localities crocodiles and American alligators (caunans) 
 are found, and although these frequently grow to an enormous size, 
 but little attention is paid to them by the natives. 
 
 Chameleons, small lizards, tree toads, and similar harmless Silurians 
 of diminutive size are very common, while occasionally the iguana and 
 other large varieties of the lizard species are seen. 
 
 Few varieties of snakes exist in Cuba. One of these, the maja, 
 from 10 to 14 feet in length, is a semi-domesticated reptile, if such a 
 term may be used, for it is most frequently found about the huts, 
 farm houses, and small villages, its favorite living place being in the 
 palm-leaf thatches of the older buildings, while its favorite food is 
 poultry. Another snake, named the jubo, is more vicious in dispo- 
 sition than the maja, although never reaching more than one-third its 
 size. It is not poisonous. The other varieties are still smaller in 
 size, are seldom seen and not venemous. 
 
 CLIMATOLOGY. 
 
 The climate of Cuba is comparativelj^ simple in its. character and 
 can be briefly described. With the long, narrow shape of the island, 
 its great extent of coast line and small breadth, it has in the main an 
 insular climate with a high mean temperature, slight extremes of 
 temperature, great humidity of the atmosphere, and an ample rainfall. 
 
 At Habana, on the north coast, the mean annual temperature is 
 77° F. The range of temperature between the mean of the hottest 
 month and that of the coldest month is from 82° to 71°, or only 11°. 
 The highest temperature on record in Habana is 100. 6° and the lowest 
 49.6°. This maximum recorded temperature is no higher than in 
 northern cities of the United States, but the duration of high tempera- 
 ture is much greater in Cuba and explains the high mean temperature. 
 But notwithstanding the long-continued high temperature, the climate 
 of the northern portion of thfe island is tempered by the trade winds, 
 which blow with but littlevariationthroughout the year, and the nights 
 in both winter and summer are cool. The mean annual temperature at 
 Habana fairly represents that of the island, it being perhaps a little 
 hotter upon the south coast and inland than upon the north coast. 
 The mean relative humidity at Habana averages about 75 per cent and 
 remains tolerabl}'^ uniform at all times of the year. Inland the humid- 
 ity becomes somewhat less, but not decidedly so. 
 
PALM AVENUE, BOTANICAL GARDEN, HABANA. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 11 
 
 RAINFALL. 
 
 The mean annual rainfall at Habana, derived from observations of 
 many years, is 52 inches. This represents quite closely the rainfall 
 upon the north coast of the island. Inland and upon the south coast 
 it is probably somewhat less, although observations are lacking. This 
 is decidedly less than upon the Gulf coast of the United States, and 
 but little greater than that of the northern seaboard cities. As regards 
 the distribution of rainfall throughout the year, there is a wet and dry 
 season, the former being from Ma}^ to October, during which time 
 about two-thirds of the precipitation of the 3'ear is received. Rain- 
 falls occur about one-third of the days during each year, although this 
 does not represent by any means the proportional amount of rainy 
 weather. The days are usually clear up to about 10 o'clock, from 
 which time till night, during the rainy season, it is frequently showery. 
 The nights are commonly clear. Thunder storms are frequent, but 
 not violent. 
 
 WINDS. 
 
 The prevailing winds throughout the island are the northeast trades, 
 which blow with great persistency, but seldom with violence. The 
 island is occasionally, though not frequently, visited by hurricanes. 
 These break upon the coast, causing the maximum destruction in its 
 neighborhood, and rapidly lose their force and violence as they pro- 
 ceed inland. 
 
 In winter, when the trade winds extend farthest to the southward, 
 the island not infrequently comes within the influence of "northers" 
 from the north temperate zone, greatly and suddenly reducing the 
 temperature on the north coast. These occur during the winter 
 months and follow the severe storms of the United States, when the 
 temperature sometimes falls as low as 50°, causing much suffering, as 
 very little provision is made against cold in the construction of Cuban 
 houses. 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 The population of Cuba, according to the census taken under the 
 direction of the United States War Department in 1899, was 1,572,797. 
 Twelve years earlier, in 1887, according to a census under Spanish 
 authority, the number was 1,631,687, or nearly 59,000 greater. After 
 allowing for the probable increase of the population between 1887 
 and 1895, the date on which the insurrection broke out, the loss of 
 life, as indicated by these two censuses, may be estimated at nearly 
 200,000, a loss which may be attributed to the war and to the accom 
 panying reconcentration. 
 
 The first census of Cuba upon which any reliance can be placed was 
 
12 
 
 HANDBOOK OF COBA. 
 
 taken in 1775. The following table shows the population at the date 
 of each subsequent census and the decennial rate of increase: 
 
 Population of Cuba at each census. 
 
 Year. 
 
 1775 
 1792 
 1817 
 1827 
 1841 
 
 Population. 
 
 171, 620 
 272, 300 
 572, 363 
 704,486 
 1,007,624 
 
 Rate of 
 increase 
 
 per 
 decade. 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 1861 
 1877 
 1887 
 1899 
 
 Population. 
 
 1,396,530 
 1,509,291 
 1,631,687 
 1,572,797 
 
 Rate of 
 increase 
 
 per 
 decade. 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 18 
 
 5 
 
 The loss in population incident to the irsurrection was sustained 
 entirely b}^ the three western Provinces, the three eastern Provinces 
 having gained during the period between 1887 and 1899, although 
 Santa Clara, one of the largest Provinces of the island, gained but a 
 trifling amount. 
 
 The densit}?^ of population, taking the island as a whole, was 35.7 
 inhabitants to the square mile. The area, population, and density of 
 population of the six Provinces are given in the table below: 
 
 Area, total population, and density of 'population, by Provinces. 
 
 Province. 
 
 Area. 
 
 Popula- 
 tion. 
 
 Density. 
 
 
 Sq. miles. 
 2,772 
 3,700 
 5,000 
 
 10,500 
 9,560 
 
 12,468 
 
 422,811 
 202,462 
 173, 082 
 88,237 
 356, 537 
 327, 716 
 
 153 
 
 Matanzas 
 
 55 
 
 
 35 
 
 Camaguey ... 
 
 8 
 
 
 37 
 
 Oriente 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 The urban population of Cuba, including in that term the inhabitants 
 of all cities of more than 8,000 population, was 32.3 per cent of the 
 entire population, or a little less than one-third, being but a trifle 
 smaller than that of the United States. Including, however, all 
 cities down to 1,000 each, the proportion of urban population rises to 
 47.1 per cent, that of the United States being the same. The capital 
 and chief cit}^ of the island is Habana, situated on the north coast near 
 its western end, with a population of 235,981. Other important 
 cities are Santiago, the capital of Oriente Province, on the south coast 
 near the eastern end of the island, population 43,090; Matanzas, the 
 capital of Matanzas Province, on the north coast, population 36,374; 
 Cienf uegos, in Santa Clara Province, on the south coast, population 
 30,038; Camaguey, the capital of the province of the same name, 
 situated in the interior, population 25,102; Cardenas, on the north 
 coast, in Matanzas Province, population 21,940. Most of the larger 
 cities are situated upon the seacoast rather than in the interior, indi- 
 cating their commercial character. 
 
 I 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 13 
 
 Population of cities of 5,000 or more. 
 
 City. 
 
 Caibarien . . 
 Camaguey . 
 Camajuani. 
 Cardenas . . 
 Cienfuegos. 
 Colon 
 
 Gibara 
 
 Guanabacoa . 
 
 Guauajay 
 
 Guantanamo. 
 
 Guines 
 
 Habana 
 
 Holguin 
 
 Manzanillo . . 
 
 Marianao 
 
 Matanzas 
 
 Helena 
 
 Province. 
 
 Pinar del Rio 
 
 Placetas 
 
 Regla . 
 
 Remedios 
 
 Sagua la Grande 
 
 San Antonio de los Bancs . 
 
 Sancti-Spiritus 
 
 San Luis 
 
 Santa Clara 
 
 Santiago 
 
 Santiago de las Vegas 
 
 Trinidad 
 
 Santa Clara . . 
 
 Camaguey 
 
 Santa Clara . . 
 
 Matanzas 
 
 Santa Clara . . 
 
 Matanzas 
 
 Oriente 
 
 Habana 
 
 Pinar del Rio 
 
 Oriente 
 
 Habana 
 
 do 
 
 Oriente 
 
 do 
 
 Habana 
 
 Matanzas 
 
 Habana 
 
 Pinar del Rio. 
 Santa Clara . . 
 
 Habana 
 
 Santa Clara... 
 
 do 
 
 Habana 
 
 Santa Clara... 
 
 Oriente 
 
 Santa Clara... 
 
 Oriente 
 
 Habana 
 
 Santa Clara . . 
 
 Popula- 
 tion. 
 
 7,013 
 25, 102 
 
 5, 082 
 21, 940 
 30, 038 
 
 7, 175 
 
 6,841 
 13, 965 
 
 6,483 
 
 7,137 
 
 8,149 
 235, 981 
 
 6, 045 
 14, 464 
 
 5, 416 
 36, 374 
 
 5,016 
 
 8,880 
 
 5,409 
 11, 363 
 
 6,609 
 12, 726 
 
 8,178 
 12, 696 
 
 5,059 
 13, 763 
 43, 090 
 
 7,151 
 11, 120 
 
 The center of population of Cuba in 1899 was situated in latitude 
 22° 15' and longitude SO'^ 23'. This locates it in Santa Clara Province, 
 30 miles southwest of the city of Santa Clara and 8 miles northwest 
 of Cienfuegos. It is at a distance of 76 miles northwest of the 
 geographic center of the island. 
 
 As to sex, the population was distributed in the proportions of 51.8 
 per cent males and 48.2 per cent females, the excess in the number of 
 males being probably due to immigration. 
 
 As to race, there were 68 per cent white and 32 per cent colored. 
 The colored formed less than one-third of the population, and their 
 proportion has for many years been diminishing. The foreign born 
 formed 9 per cent of the total population, which leaves 60 per cent as 
 native whites. Three-fourths of all the foreign born in Cuba came 
 from Spain. Of the remainder, the countries which most frequently 
 contributed were China, Africa, and the United States. Other West 
 Indian islands, and even the neighboring countries of Central and 
 South America, contribute very few, showing the extremely sedentary 
 character of these people. 
 
 Population by races at different periods. 
 
 Year. 
 
 White. 
 
 Mixed. 
 
 Negro. 
 
 Total 
 colored. 
 
 Chinese. 
 
 General 
 total. 
 
 1774 
 
 96,500 
 
 154,000 
 
 481,000 
 
 730,000 
 
 1, 150, 000 
 
 1,052,497 
 
 23,500 
 
 47, 000 
 
 99, 000 
 
 135,000 
 
 52, 500 
 
 71,000 
 
 490, 000 
 
 422, 000 
 
 76, 000 
 118, 000 
 589 000 
 
 
 172 500 
 
 1792 
 
 
 272 000 
 
 1841 
 
 
 1 070 000 
 
 1862 
 
 557' 000 
 
 34 000 
 
 
 1887 
 
 501,500 
 505,443 
 
 28! 000 
 14, 857 
 
 1,632,000 
 
 1899 
 
 270 805 
 
 234,638 
 
 
 
 
14 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 The foreign-born element was found mainly in the cities, and espe- 
 cially in the larger ones. Nearly one-third of the entire foreign-born 
 element was found in the city of Habana, where it constituted 22 per 
 cent of the entire population of the city. 
 
 The proportion of Cubans reported as being employed in gainful 
 occupations was 40 per cent, or two-fifths of the total population, a 
 proportion larger than in either the United States or Porto Rico. Of 
 the males, 68 per cent were reported as wage-earners; of the females, 
 only 9 per cent. 
 
 The wage-earners were distributed in the following proportions 
 among the great groups of occupations: 
 
 Occupations of ivage-earners. 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 Agriculture, fisheries, and mining 48 
 
 Domestic and personal service - 23 
 
 Manufactures - - 15 
 
 Trade and transportation 13 
 
 Professions 1 
 
 In 1903 the population was estimated at 1,653,486, and taking into 
 consideration the natural increase and the number of immigrants 
 which have settled in Cuba, it may be safely said that the population 
 reaches, m 1905, 1,700,000 souls ancl that Habana has more than 
 275,000. 
 
 VITAL STATISTICS. 
 
 The superior board of health consists of 11 members, divided into 
 active and honorar}. The active are the chief sanitary officer of the 
 island as president of the board, the president of the commission of 
 special hygiene (prostitution), and three representatives for the east- 
 ern and western part of Cuba and the city of Habana, while the chief 
 quarantine officer of the port of Habana and the representatives 
 appointed by the Habana Academy of Medical Sciences, antitubercu- 
 losis league,' national university, board of education, and a lawyer are 
 its honorary members. 
 
 The main duties of the board are to investigate the causes of infec- 
 tious diseases with special reference to epidemics, condition of public 
 buildings, quality or purity of liquors, medicines, and food, due 
 attention being given to reports, data, or other information concern- 
 ing the public health, especially such as are furnished by dispensaries, 
 asj'lums, hospitals, penitentiaries, schools, etc. 
 
 The board being considered the supreme authority on all sanitary 
 matters, it has the supervision of all the local boards outside of 
 Habana and is consulted on all affairs of sanitation. These municipal 
 boards are supposed to keep the superior board well informed so that 
 the latter may have a complete knowledge and understanding of the 
 sanitarj^ status of the different towns. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 15 
 
 The national laboratory is a direct dependency of the superior board 
 of health, its principal object being the performance of scientific inves- 
 tigations, which are very important for the proper execution of the 
 sanitary work for which the board is responsible. Its organization 
 has been regulated so as to include the following: 
 
 Clinical microscopy, devoted to the examination of sputa, blood, 
 urine, and all specimens necessary to facilitate the diagnosis and early 
 determination of the infectious and contagious diseases. 
 
 The bacteriological section has charge of medical researches with 
 reference to the causes of epidemics and epizootics, as well as to the 
 preparation of laboratory products, such as tuberculine, maleine, 
 vaccine, etc. 
 
 The next section is one devoted to histological and pathological 
 work that proves of so much assistance in all laboratory work. 
 
 There is also a medico-legal section to assist the courts of justice in 
 the investigation of crimes by examining viscera and other materials 
 from the medical and chemical standpoints. 
 
 The chemical department is also equipped with all the modern scien- 
 tific appliances for the analysis of water supply, wines, beverages, 
 milk, and all kinds of food. 
 
 With the view of helping the diagnosis of doubtful cases of con- 
 tagious diseases, the board has appointed a commission of several 
 members selected from amongst the physcians of high standing in the 
 town; this has proved of great value and has been of great assistance 
 in the work of the board. 
 
 The sanitar}^ department of Habana is the main branch of the 
 superior board of health and embraces the following sections: Main 
 office, general sanitary inspections, disinfection, tuberculosis, and con- 
 tagious diseases. 
 
 The problem of tuberculosis is also considered for the purpose of 
 carrying out the best methods and ideas. To that effect the depart- 
 ment runs a dispensary exclusively dedicated to the care and treat- 
 ment of pulmonary troubles, whereby the outdoor patients are 
 benefited, while an opportunity is afforded for coming in touch with 
 the incipient cases that otherwise would escape the action of the 
 authorities. The physical culture of the children is also given in the 
 same building, after which they get some nourishment, so much needed 
 by that class of patients. 
 
 The antituberculosis plan includes the inspection of houses, hotels, 
 boarding houses, cigar factories, dairy stables, etc., and the disinfec- 
 tion of premises, as well as the delivery of lectures on the prophylaxis 
 of the disease in all the factories and institutions, besides the distribu- 
 tion of pamphlets and circulars with the recommendations to be fol- 
 lowed for the prevention and hygiene of tuberculosis. 
 
16 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 The hospital for infectious diseases, otherwise known as "Las 
 Animas " Hospital, is well equipped, being provided with every con- 
 venience suitable for this kind of institution, and its main feature is 
 that it is entirely mosquito proof. This hospital has been conspicuous 
 in the eradication of yellow fever from Habana, and in it are admitted 
 the imported cases from Mexico and other countries with complete 
 safety for the city. 
 
 As Habana is entirely free from yellow fever to-day, the work in 
 connection with this disease is limited to the cases found in the steamers 
 coming from Mexico or from other places abroad, and to those devel- 
 oped in quarantine where nonimmunes are kept during the period of 
 incubation of the disease. These cases are transferred to Las Animas 
 Hospital, and all the means of transportation (ambulance, stretcher, 
 etc.) are made mosquito proof. Any case reported in town as sus- 
 picious of yellow fever is dealt with in the same manner as in time of 
 epidemics. 
 
 The island is entirely free from yellow fever and the death rate is 
 decreasing, comparing already most favorably with the healthiest 
 countries of the world. Smallpox and malaria have also been 
 eradicated. 
 
 The mortality in the island during 1902 was 25,512 and 1903, 23,982, 
 and the annual rate diminished from 15.13 in 1902 to 14.52 in 1903. 
 If a comparison is made with the lowest rate in the Spanish regime, 
 29.30 per thousand in 1885, and with the average rate for the thirty 
 years ending 1900, of 41.95 per thousand, the wonderful progress made 
 can b» \een. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 GOVERNMENT AND CONSTITUTIONAL ORGANIZATION «— CITIZEN- 
 SHIP— COMMERCIAL LAWS— ARMY AND NAVY— RELIGION. 
 
 GOVERNMENT AND CONSTITUTIONAL ORGANIZATION. 
 
 The Government of the Republic of Cuba is representative, repub- 
 lican, and democratic. The sovereignty resides in the people. The 
 Supreme Government is divided into three coordinate branches — the 
 legislative, the executiv^e, and the judicial. 
 
 LEGISLATIVE. 
 
 The legislative power is vested in a Congress, consisting of two 
 chambers, the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House 
 consists of 64 members (one for ever}^ 26,000 inhabitants, or fraction), 
 elected for four years. The requisite qualifications to be a Represen- 
 tative are — 
 
 First. To be a native born or naturalized Cuban citizen who has 
 resided for eight years in the Republic from and after the date of his 
 naturalization. 
 
 Second. To have attained the age of 25 years. 
 
 Third. To be in fall possession of all civil and political rights. 
 
 The Senate shall be composed of four Senators from each Province, 
 elected therefrom for a period of eight years by the provincial council- 
 men and by a double number of electors, who, together with the 
 provincial councilmen, shall constitute an electoral board. One-half 
 of the electors must be persons who pay the highest amount of taxes, 
 and the remainder shall possess the qualifications that may be determ- 
 ined by law. All of the electors must also be of age and residents of 
 municipal districts of the Province. The electors shall be chosen b}^ 
 the voters of the Province one hundred days prior to the election of 
 Senators. 
 
 One-half of the members of the Senate of the Republic shall be 
 elected every four years. 
 
 «The full text of the constitution appears as an appendix at the end of this volume. 
 159a— 05— 2 17 
 
18 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 To become a Senator it is necessary — 
 
 First. To be a native-born Cuban, - 
 
 Second. To have attained to the age of 35 years. 
 
 Third, To be in full possession of all civil and political rights. 
 
 The salary of a Senator and of a Representative is $300 a month in 
 United States currency. 
 
 Congress. — The Congress of the Republic of Cuba has two ordinary 
 sessions annually, one convening on the first Monday of April and 
 the other on the first Monday of November. The duration of each 
 session is at least forty days. 
 
 EXECUTIVE. 
 
 The executive power is vested in the President of the Republic. 
 The President of the Republic must possess the following qualifications: 
 
 First. He must be a native-born or naturalized Cuban citizen, and 
 in the latter case must have served in the Cuban army in its wars of 
 independence for at least ten years. 
 
 Second. He must have attained to the age of 40 years. 
 
 Third. He must be in full possession of his civil and political rights. 
 
 The President of the Republic shall be elected by presidential elec- 
 tors, on one single day, as provided, for by the law. The term of 
 ofiice shall be four years, and no person shall be President for three 
 consecutive terms. 
 
 The President shall take oath of office, or make affirmation, before 
 the supreme court of justice, upon taking office, faithfully to dis- 
 charge the duties thereof, to comply with and enforce the constitution 
 and the laws. 
 
 The salary of the President of the Republic of Cuba, is $25,000 a 
 year in United States currency. 
 
 The executive power is assisted by a cabinet, consisting of six mem- 
 bers, known as secretaries, viz, the secretary of state and justice; the 
 secretarj^ of government; the secretary of public instruction; the 
 secretary of agriculture, industry, and commerce; and the secretary 
 of public works. These secretaries are appointed by the President, 
 and they enjoy a salary of $6,000 a year in United States currency. 
 
 There is also a vice-president of the Republic, elected in the same 
 manner and for a like period of time as the President and conjointl}^ 
 with the latter. To become vice-president, the same qualifications 
 prescribed for President by the constitution are necessary. The salary 
 of the vice-president is $6,000. 
 
 JUDICIAL. 
 
 The judicial power is exercised by a supreme court, 6 superior 
 courts (1 in each Province), 7 courts of the first instance (civil judges), 
 6 courts of instruction (criminal judges), 26 judges of the first instance 
 
^XTir- 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA, ]9 
 
 and instruction who have both civil and criminal jurisdiction, 6 cor- 
 rectional courts (misdemeanors and light faults), and 218 municipal 
 courts (cases of less than $200, dispossession of tenants, and other civil 
 suits of small importance and misdemeanors in towns where there are 
 neither judges of instruction or correctional and registers of the civil 
 state.) 
 
 To be chief justice of the supreme court the following conditions are 
 required: 
 
 First. To be a Cuban b}^ birth. 
 
 Second. To have attained to the age of 36 years. 
 
 Third. To be in full enjoyment of civil and political rights, and not 
 to have been condemned to any "pena aflictiva" for ordinary offenses. 
 
 Fourth. To possess, in addition, any of the following qualifications: 
 To have practiced in Cuba, during ten years, at least, the profession 
 of law, or discharged for a like period of time judicial duties, or occu- 
 pied for the same number of years a chair of law in an official educa- 
 tional establishment. 
 
 Other persons may be also appointed to the positions of chief jus- 
 tice and justices of the supreme court, provided they possess the 
 qualifications required by conditions 1, 2, and 3 above mentioned: 
 Those persons who may have previously held positions in the judiciary 
 of a similar or next inferior grade for the period that may be provided 
 for by the law ; those persons, who, prior to the promulgation of the 
 constitution of the Republic of Cuba, may have been justices of the 
 supreme court of the island of Cuba. The time during which lawyers 
 shall have exercised judicial functions shall be reckoned as that of the 
 practice of law necessary to qualify them for appointment as justices 
 of the supreme court. 
 
 The salary of the chief justice is $6,000 in United States currency; 
 that of the president of the criminal court, $5,750; the fiscal, $5,750; 
 the associate justices, |5,500 each. 
 
 PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 There is in each province a governor and a provincial council, elected 
 by direct suffrage. This council consists of 20 members in the prov- 
 ince of Habana, 17 in Santa Clara, 17 in Oriente, 15 in Matanzas, 12 
 in Pinar del Rio, and 8 in Camaguey. 
 
 The provinces of Cuba are divided into municipal districts, each dis- 
 trict being presided over b}^ a mayor, assisted b}' a municipal council. 
 
 The following are the rights guaranteed by the constitution: 
 
 Art. 11. All Cubans have equal rights before the law. The Republic does not 
 recognize any personal privileges or special rights. 
 
 Art. 12. No law shall have any retroactive effect, other than penal ones, favorable 
 to convicted or indicted persons. 
 
 Art. 13. Obligations of a civil nature arising from contracts or other acts or omis- 
 sions shall not be annulled or altered by either the legislature or executive power. 
 
20 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Art. 14. The penalty of death shall in no case be imposed for crijues of a political 
 nature, which shall be defined by law. ~ 
 
 Art. 15. No person shall be arrested except in such cases and in the manner pre- 
 scribed by law. 
 
 Art. 16. Every person arrested shall be set at liberty or placed at the disposal of 
 a competent judge or court within twenty-four hours immediately following the 
 arrest. 
 
 Art. 17. All persons arrested shall be set at liberty or their imprisonment ordered 
 within seventy-two hours after having been placed at the disposal of the competent 
 judge or court. Within the same time notice shall be served upon the party inter- 
 ested of any action which may have been taken in the matter. 
 
 Art. 18. No person shall be arrested except by warrant of a competent judge or 
 court. The order directing the serving of the warrant of arrest shall be affirmed or 
 reversed, after the accused shall have been heard in his defense, within seventy -two 
 hours next following his imprisonment. 
 
 Art. 19. No person shall be indicted or sentenced except by competent judge or . 
 court, by virtue of laws in force prior to the commission of the crime, and in such 
 manner as therein prescribed. 
 
 Art. 20. Any person arrested or imprisoned without legal formalities or not in 
 accordance with the provisions of this constitution and the laws shall be set at liberty 
 at his own request or that of any citizen. The law will determine the prompt action 
 which shall be taken in the case. 
 
 Art. 21. No person whatsoever is bound to give evidence against himself, nor 
 husband or wife against each other, nor relatives within the fourth degree of consan- 
 guinity or second of affinity. 
 
 Art. 22. All correspondence and other private documents are inviolable, and 
 neither shall be seized or examined except by order of a competent authority and 
 with the formalities prescribed by the laws, and in all cases all points therein not 
 relating to the matter under investigation shall be kept secret. 
 
 Art. 23. No person's domicile shall be violated; and therefore no one shall enter 
 that of another at night, except by permission of its occupant, unless it be for the* 
 purpose of giving aid and assistance to victims of crime or accident; or in the day- 
 time, except in such cases and manner as prescribed by law. 
 
 Art. 24. No person shall be compelled to change his domicile or residence except 
 by virtue of an .order issued by a competent authority and in the manner prescribed' 
 by law. 
 
 Art. 25. Every person may freely, without censorship, express his thoughts, either 
 by word of mouth or in writing, through the press, or in any other manner whatso- 
 ever, subject to the responsibilities specified by law, whenever thereby attacks are 
 made upon the honor of individuals, upon social order, and upon public peace. 
 
 Art. 26. The profession of all religious beliefs, as well as the practice of all forms 
 of worship, are free, without further restriction than their demanded by the respect 
 for Christian morality and j)ublic order. The church shall be separated from the 
 state, which shall in no case subsidize any religion. 
 
 Art. 27. All persons shall have the right to address petitions to the authorities, to 
 have them duly acted upon, and to be informed of the action taken thereon. 
 
 Art. 28. All inhabitants of the Republic have the right to assemble peacefully 
 unarmed, and to associate for all lawful pursuits of life. 
 
 Art. 29. All persons shall have the right to enter into and depart from the terri- 
 tory of the Republic, to travel within its boundaries, and to change their residence 
 without requiring any safeguard, passport, or any other similar requisite, except as 
 may be required by the laws governing immigration, and by the authorities, in cases 
 of criminal responsibility, by virtue of the powers vested in them. 
 
 Art. 30. No Cuban shall be banished from the territory of the Republic or be 
 prohibited from entering therein. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 21 
 
 Art. 31. Primary education is compulsory and shall be gratuitous, as also that of 
 arts and trades. The expenses thereof shall be defrayed by the state during such 
 time as the municipalities and provinces, respectively, may lack sufficient means 
 therefor. Secondary and advanced education will be controlled by the state. How- 
 ever, all persons may, without restriction, study or teach any science, art, or pro- 
 fession, and found and maintain establishments of education and instruction; but it 
 pertains to the state to determine what professions shall require special titles, the 
 conditions necessary for their practice, the necessary requirements to obtain the 
 titles, and the issuing of the same as may be established by law. 
 
 Akt. 32. No person shall be deprived of his property, except by competent 
 authority for the justified reason of public benefit, and after being duly indemnified 
 for the same. Should the latter requirement not have been complied with, the 
 judges and courts shall give due protection; and in such case they shall restore pos- 
 session of the property to the person who may have been deprived thereof. 
 
 Art. 33. In no case shall the penalty of confiscation of property be imposed. 
 
 Art. 34. No person is obliged to pay any tax or impost not legally established and 
 the collection of which is not carried out in the manner prescribed by the laws. 
 
 Art. 35. Every author or inventor shall enjoy the exclusive ownership of his 
 work or invention for the time and in the manner determined by law. 
 
 Art. 36. The enumeration of the rights expressly guaranteed by this constitution 
 does not exclude others that may be based upon the principle of the sovereignty of 
 the people and upon the republican form of government. 
 
 Art. 37. The laws regulating the exercise of the rights which this constitutfon 
 guarantees shall become null and void if they diminish, restrict, or change the said 
 rights. 
 
 RIGHT OF SUFFRAGE. 
 
 Art. 38. All male Cubans over 21 yearg of age have the right of suffrage, with the 
 following exceptions: 
 
 First. Inmates of asylums. 
 
 Second. Persons mentally incapacitated after having been judicially so declared. 
 
 Third. Persons judicially deprived of civil rights on account of crime. 
 
 Fourth. Persons in active service belonging to the land or naval forces. 
 
 Art. 39. The laws shall establish rules and procedures to guarantee the interven- 
 tion of the minority in the preparation of the electoral census, and in other electoral 
 matters, and their representation in the House of Representatives and in provincial 
 and municipal councils. 
 
 CITIZENSHIP. 
 
 The law promulgated November 7, 1902, establishing the procedures 
 necessary for the obtaining of the rights of citizenship within tlTe 
 Republic of Cuba is as follows: 
 
 Article 1. The acts by virtue of which Cuban nationality is acquired, lost, or 
 recovered shall be made to appear by means of a record in the section of citizenship 
 of the registry of civil status. 
 
 The persons included in the cases referred to in sections 2 and 3 of article 5 of the 
 constitution, and the second of the transitory provisions of the same, and residing 
 abroad, shall exercise the right conferred upon them by the former sections before 
 the diplomatic or consular agent of Cuba nearest to their place of residence. 
 
 Art. 2. The inscriptions to which the preceding article refers shall be made with 
 the following formalities and requirements: 
 
 1. The date and place where they are drawn. 
 
 2. The names and surnames of the officials authenticating the same. 
 
22 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 The names, surnames, and filiation of the parti-es and witnesses j^articipating in 
 the act. 
 
 The witnesses referred to in the preceding paragraphs shall l)e two, having legal 
 capacit}-, and shall make a declaration setting forth the truth of the circumstances, 
 which should be expressed in the inscription. 
 
 Art. 3. The interested parties shall present to the custodian of the registry their 
 certificates of baptism, or the certificate of birth, as the case may be, as well as the 
 record or certificate of marriage, should they be married, together with the certifi- 
 cates of birth of the wife and of the children. 
 
 Should it be impossible to present the documents referred to in the preceding para- 
 graph, they shall indicate the archives where they may be found and their approxi- 
 mate date. 
 
 In the cases where the birth of the interested parties, their wives, or their chil- 
 dren shall have been inscribed in the registry of civil status of this island, or in the 
 register in charge of the diplomatic or consular agent, the acquisition, loss, or 
 recovery of Cuban citizenship shall be made by a marginal note on the record of 
 birth, for which purpose the custodian of the register wherein the said acquisition, 
 loss, or recovery occurs shall remit, within the term of fifteen days — counting from 
 that on Avhich the inscription took place — a certificate of the same, to the custodian 
 of the register wherein the said birth appears. 
 
 For failure to comply with the j^rovisions of the preceding paragraph, a fine of 
 from |10 to 125 in United States currency shall be imposed on the custodian of the 
 register required to remit the certificate. 
 
 Art. 4. In the inscriptions mentioned in this law the following circumstances shall 
 be expressed if it is possible: 
 
 1. The former domicile of the interested parties. 
 
 2. The names, surnames, place of birth, domicile, and profession or occupation of 
 his parents. 
 
 3. The name, surnames, and place of birth of his^ wife, if he be married. 
 
 4. The names, surnames, place of birth, residence, and profession or occupation of 
 the parents of the latter. 
 
 5. The names, surnames, place of birth, residence of the children, setting forth if 
 any of them are emancipated. 
 
 Whenever it is impossible to express any of the circumstances mentioned above, a 
 statement shall be made in the inscription of the reason of that inability. 
 
 Art. 5. In order to be inscribed as Cuban citizens the persons included in sec- 
 tion 1 of article 6 of the constitution shall prove by means of the discharge, or of 
 any other document issued by a competent revolutionary authority, that they have 
 belonged to the liberating army. This proof shall be made by such persons before 
 the custodian of the civil registry of their domicile, should they be in this island, or 
 hf means of a special attorney before the custodian of the civil registry at their last 
 place of domicile therein, or of the place of domicile where they intend to fix their 
 residence in Cuba, if they are abroad. 
 
 Art. 6. In order to be inscribed as Cuban citizens the persons included in sec- 
 tions 2 and 3 of article 6 of the constitution shall prove before the custodian of the 
 civil registry of their place of domicile in Cuba the residence required by said sec- 
 tions by means of an authentic document, or proof by witnesses made in the manner 
 established in article 8 of the present law. 
 
 The declaration of intention to which section 3 of article 6 of the constitution refers 
 should be made before the custodian of the civil registry of the domicile which the 
 interested party has in Cuba with the same formalities as in case of inscription. 
 
 Art. 7. To he inscribed as Cuban citizens the persons included in section 4 of 
 article 6 of the constitution shall prove before the custodian of the registry of civil 
 status of their place of domicile in Cuba that they have not been registered in the 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 23 
 
 registry of Spaniards opened in pursuance of the provisions of the treaty of Paris of 
 December 10, 1898; that they are of full age, and that they resided in this island on 
 the 11th day of April, 1899. 
 
 - The proof of not being inscribed in the said registry of Spaniards must necessarily 
 be made by means of a certificate issued by the functionary of said registry. 
 
 The circumstances of full age and of residence shall be accredited by means of 
 proof by witnesses received under oath before the custodian of the registry of civil 
 status, the witnesses declaring that they resided on the aforesaid date of April 11, 
 1899, in the same locality as the moving party making the proof. 
 
 The interested party shall present a certificate of the captaincy of the port, or 
 proper authority, wherein shall appear the date of his arrival in the island, the age 
 which he then had, whether he came alone or with a family, the name of the vessel 
 which brought him and of the captain of the same. 
 
 Art. 8. To be inscribed as Cuban citizens, the persons included, in section 5 of 
 article 6 of the constitution shall prove before the custodian of the civil registry of 
 their place of domicile that the circumstances exacted in said section exist as to 
 them by means of a declaration of witnesses received under oath. 
 
 Art. 9. In all the inscriptions to which this law refers it shall be made to appear 
 that the interested parties renounce their previous nationality and that they swear 
 to obey the constitution of the Kepublic, the laws which are actually in force in this 
 island, and those which may be in force in the future. 
 
 Art. 10. The custodians of the registry of civil status in this island shall remit to 
 the division of state of the department of state and justice a certificate of each 
 inscription which they make in the books of the section of citizenship, and to the 
 section of registries and notarial affairs of the same department a comprehensive 
 table of the inscriptions, classified according to the model which said section shall 
 formulate. 
 
 The diplomatic or consular agents shall remit to the department of state certifi- 
 cates of the inscriptions referred to in paragraph 2 of article 1 of this law, for their 
 transcription in the registry of civil status of the last place of domicile which the 
 interested parties may have had, or of that which they propose to have in this 
 island. 
 
 The term for the remission provided for in the two preceding paragraphs shall be 
 fifteen days, counted from the day following that on which the inscription shall take 
 place. 
 
 Failures to fulfill this duty shall be punished by the secretary of state. 
 
 Art. 11. Those who, prior to the promulgation of this law, have proven in the 
 extinct department of state and government that there exist, as to them, the circum- 
 stances exacted in articles 5, 6, 7, and 8 of this law, are exempted from the proof of 
 the same, as well as those that may have made in the registry of civil status of their 
 domicile the declaration of option or renunciation of nationality, to the end that 
 they might be registered as electors, according to the provisions of the additional 
 dispositions of order No. 218, of October 14, 1901. 
 
 COMMERCIAL LAWS. 
 
 So far as respect for and obedience to the law are concerned, Cuba 
 is fully entitled to a place with the most highly civilized among- the 
 nations. Life and property are held quite as sacred and are as com- 
 pletely protected by legal safeguards in the island as in the United 
 States. The laws concerning fulfillment of contracts and providing 
 for the recovery of debts are full and explicit, and give every neces- 
 sary assurance to those engaged in business or commerce with the 
 
24 HAiSTDBOOK 01" CUBA. 
 
 island. The commercial code in force is that of Spain, with such 
 modiiicatious as have been adopted by the provisional government. 
 The more important provisions contained therein are as follows: 
 
 AGENTS AND ATTORNEYS. 
 
 Undisdosfid principal. — A contract made by an agent in his own 
 name shall bind him directly with the person with whom it was made; but 
 if the transaction was made for the account of the principal, the other 
 contracting party may bring his action against the agent or against the 
 principal. 
 
 Authority. — The powers of attorney granted an agent shall be con- 
 sidered in force until they are expressly revoked, notwithstanding the 
 death of the principal or of the person from whom they were received 
 in due form. Acts and contracts made by the agent shall be valid with 
 regard to his principal, provided they are j)rior to the time the former 
 is informed by legitimate means of the revocation of the power of attor- 
 ney or of the alienation of the establishment. They shall also be valid 
 with regard to third persons until the revocation of the power of 
 attorney. 
 
 Death. — Agencj^ is terminated by the death of the agent or by his 
 incapacity, but not by the death or incapacity of the principal, 
 although it may be revoked by his representatives. 
 
 Principal Halle for fines. — The fines which an agent may incur b}'' 
 reason of violations of the fiscal laws and regulations of the public 
 administration in his management as agent shall be . immediately 
 enforced against the property he manages. 
 
 ASSIGNMENT OF CLAIMS. 
 
 Transfer of credits. — Commercial credits, which are not negotiable 
 nor payable to the bearer, may be transferred by the creditor without 
 requiring the consent of the debtor, it being sufficient that the trans- 
 fer be communicated to him. The debtor shall be obligated to the 
 new creditor by virtue of the notification, and from the time said 
 transfer is made the only legitimate payment shall be considered that 
 made to the latter. 
 
 BILLS OF EXCHANGE. 
 
 Presentation. — Drafts drawn in Cuba at sight, or at a period counted 
 from sight, must be presented for collection or acceptance within 
 fort}^ days from their date. 
 
 Drafts drawn at sight, or at a period counted after sight* in foreign 
 countries on places in the territory of Cuba shall be presented for 
 collection or acceptance within the forty daj^s following their intro- 
 duction in the Republic, and those drawn after date at the times 
 stipulated therein. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 25 
 
 Drafts drawn at a period counted after the date thereof need not 
 be presented for acceptance by their holders. 
 
 The holder of a draft may, if he deems it convenient to his interests, 
 present it to the person on whom it is drawn before it falls due, and 
 in such case the latter shall accept it or shall state the reasons for his 
 refusal to do so. 
 
 Acceptance. — The acceptance of a draft must take place or be refused 
 on the same day on which the holder presents it for this purpose, and 
 the person of whom acceptance is demanded can not retain the draft 
 in his possession under any pretext whatsoever. 
 
 Protest. — In case the acceptance of a bill of exchange is refused it 
 shall be protested, and in view of said protest the holder shall have a 
 right to require the drawer or any one of the indorsers to secure the 
 amount of the draft to his satisfaction, or to deposit the amount 
 thereof, or to reimburse him for the costs of the protest and of the 
 reexchange, discounting the legal rate of interest for the period which 
 still is to elapse until it falls due. 
 
 Action for security. — An action may be brought to compel the 
 drawer and indorsers to give security for the payment of a bill pro- 
 tested for nonacceptance. 
 
 Blank indorsement. — If statement of the date is omitted in the 
 indorsement, the ownership of the draft shall not be transferred, and ' 
 it shall be understood as simply a commission for collection. 
 
 Maturity. — All drafts must be paid on the day they fall due, before 
 sunset, without any days of grace. Bills pa3^able at a fair are due the 
 last day of the fair. 
 
 If the day on which it falls due should be a holiday, the draft shall 
 be paid on the previous day. 
 
 Interest. — Bills of exchange protested by reason of nonpayment shall 
 earn interest in favor of the holders thereof from the date of protest. 
 
 Action for payment. — The action arising from bills of exchange to 
 recover, in the respective cases, of the drawer, acceptors, or indorsers, 
 the payment or reimbursement shall include an attachment, which 
 must be issued, in view of the draft and of the protest, without fur- 
 ther requisite than the judicial acknowledgment of their signatures 
 by the drawer and indorsers proceeded against. A similar action ma}^ 
 be brought against the acceptor to compel him to make the paj^ment. 
 The acknowledgment of the signature shall not be necessary to carry 
 out the attachment against the acceptor when no charge of forgery 
 has been made in the instrument of protest for nonpayment. 
 
 BILLS OF LADING. 
 
 Shipper and carrier. — The legal instruments of the contract between 
 the shipper and the carrier shall be the bills of lading, b}^ the contents 
 of which all disputes which may arise with regard to their execution 
 
26 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 and fulfillment shall be decided, without admission of other exceptions 
 than forgery or material errors in the drafting thereof. 
 
 After the contract has been consummated the bill of lading issued shall 
 be returned to the carrier, and, by virtue of the exchange of this cer- 
 tificate for the article transported, the respective obligations and actions 
 shall be considered as canceled, unless in the same act the claims which 
 the contracting parties desire to reserve are reduced to writing. 
 
 If, in case of loss or for any other reason whatsoever, the consignee 
 can not return, upon receiving the merchandise, the bill of lading 
 subscribed by the carrier, he shall give said carrier a receipt for the 
 goods delivered, this receipt producing the same effect as the return 
 of the bill of lading. 
 
 Bills of lading will give rise to a most summary action or to judi- 
 cial compulsion, according to the case, for the delivery of the cargo 
 and the payment of the freightage and proper expenses. 
 
 BROKERS. 
 
 Aijpointment and powers. — The services of brokers may be rendered 
 by Cubans and foreigners, but licensed brokers only may issue certifi- 
 cations. Licensed brokers shall have the character of notaries in all 
 that refers to the negotiation of public instruments, industrial and 
 commercial securities, merchandise, and other commercial acts included 
 in their ofiice. They shall keep a registry book, entering therein in 
 proper order, separatelj' and daily, all the transactions in which they 
 may have taken part, being, moreover, permitted to keep other books 
 with the same formalities. The books and policies of licensed brokers 
 shall be admitted as evidence in suits. 
 
 Removal from office. — Brokers may be removed from ofl&ce by the 
 Government for breach of duty. They shall, moreover, be civilly 
 liable for damage caused b}" any neglect of the obligations of their 
 office. 
 
 Special agents. — Merchants may intrust to other agents besides 
 brokers the constant management, in their name and for their 
 account, of one or more of the branches of the business they are 
 engaged in by virtue of a written or verbal agreement, associations 
 including such agreements in their by-laws and private parties mak- 
 ing them known by public notices or by means of circulars to their 
 correspondents. The acts of these special employees or agents shall 
 onl}^ bind the principal with regard to the transactions proper to the 
 branch of business which has been intrusted to them. 
 
 CARRIERS. 
 
 Must Iceep a register. — Transportation agents shall be obliged to 
 keep a special registfy, in which there shall be entered, in progress- 
 ive order of numbers and dates, all goods the transportation of which 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. • 27 
 
 is undertaken, stating- the circunistaiices foi- the respective hills of 
 lading. 
 
 Lien on goods for freight. — The goods transported shall he specially 
 obligated to answer for the transportation charges and for the expenses 
 and fees caused by the same during transportation or until the time of 
 their deliver3^ 
 
 This special right shall be limited to eight days after the delivery 
 has been made, and after said limitation the carrier shall have no 
 further right of action than that corresponding to an ordinary creditor. 
 
 Intermediate carriers. — A carrier who delivers merchandise to a 
 consignee by virtue of agreements or combined services with other 
 carriers shall assume the obligations of the carriers who preceded him, 
 reserving his right to proceed against the latter if he should not be 
 directly responsible for the fault which gives rise to the claim of the 
 shipper or of the consignee. The carrier making the delivery shall 
 also assume all the actions and rights of those who have preceded 
 him in the transportation. The sender and the consignee shall have 
 a right of action against the carrier who executed the transportation 
 contract, or against the other carriers who received the goods trans- 
 ported without reserve. The reservations made by the latter shall 
 not exempt them, however, from the liabilities they ma}^ have incurred 
 by reason of their own acts. 
 
 Goods to he forwarded Ijy first shipment. — Should no period within 
 which goods are to be delivered be previously fixed, the carrier shall 
 be under obligation to forward them in the first shipment of the same 
 or similar merchandise which he ma}^ make to the point of delivery; 
 and should he not do so, the damages occasioned b}^ the delay shall 
 be suffered by him. Damages for delay may be liquidated in the bill 
 of lading. 
 
 Goods rrnist he delivered on time. — If a period has been fixed for the 
 delivery of the goods, it must be made within the same; otherwise, 
 the carrier shall pay the indemnity agreed upon in the bill of lading, 
 neither the shipper nor the consignee being entitled to an3'thing else. 
 
 When may refuse to transport goods. — Carriers may refuse to accept 
 packages which appear unfit for transportation; and if said transpor- 
 tation is to be made over a railroad, and the shipment is insisted on, 
 the compan}^ shall carry it, being exempt from all liabilit}^ if it so 
 states in the bill of lading. 
 
 Goods transported at risk of shipper. — All damages and impairment 
 suffered by goods in transportation, by reason of accident, act of God, 
 or by virtue of the nature or defect of the articles, shall be for the 
 account and risk of the shipper. The proof of these accidents is incum- 
 bent on the carrier. 
 
 Carrier liahle for negligence. — The carrier shall be liable for the 
 losses and damages arising from the causes mentioned in the foregoing 
 
28 • HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 paragraph, if it is proved that they occurred on account of his negli- 
 gence, or because he did not take the precautions usually adopted by 
 careful persons, unless the shipper committed fraud in the bill of 
 lading, stating that the goods were of a class or quality different from 
 what they really were. 
 
 Goods rendered useless. — If, on account of injury, goods are ren- 
 dered useless for purposes of sale or consumption in the manner 
 proper to the same, the consignee shall not be bound to receive them, 
 and ma}^ leave them on the hands of the carrier, demanding pa5^ment 
 therefor at current market prices. 
 
 If among the goods damaged there should be some in good condi- 
 tion and without any defect whatsoever, the foregoing provision shall 
 be applicable with regard to the damaged ones, and the consignee shall 
 receive those which are perfect, this separation being made by distinct 
 and separate articles. The same provision shall be applied to mer- 
 chandise in bales or packages, with distinction of the packages which 
 appear perfect. 
 
 Yalue of lost goods determined hy hill of lading. — The value of the 
 goods, which the campr must pay in case of their being lost or mis- 
 laid, shall be fixed in accordance with the declaration contained in the 
 bill of lading, no proofs being allowed on the part of the shipper that 
 there were among the goods declared therein articles of greater value. 
 
 Disputes. — If there should occur doubts and disputes between the 
 consignee and the carrier with regard to the condition of goods trans- 
 ported at the time of their delivery to the former, the said goods shall 
 be examined by experts appointed by the parties, and a third one, in 
 cases of disagreement, appointed by the judicial authority, the result 
 of the examination always being reduced to writing, and if the persons 
 interested should not agree to the report of the experts, and could not 
 reach an agreement, said authority shall have the merchandise deposited 
 in a safe warehouse, and the parties interested shall make use of their 
 rights in the proper manner. 
 
 Refusal to receive goods. — Should the consignee not be at the domi- 
 cile indicated in the bill of lading, or should he refuse to pay the 
 transportation charges and expenses, or to receive the goods, the 
 deposit of said goods shall be ordered by the municipal judge, where 
 there is no judge of iirst instance, to be placed at the disposal of the 
 shipper or sender, without prejudice to a third person having a better 
 right, this deposit having all the effect of a deliver}^. 
 
 .Liviitation of claim against carrier. — Within the twentj^-f our hours 
 following the receipt of the merchandise a claim may be brought 
 against the carrier on account of damage found therein on opening the 
 packages, provided that the indications of the damage giving rise to 
 the claim can not be ascertained from the exterior of said packages, 
 
 I 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 29 
 
 in which case claim would only be admitted on the' receipt of the 
 packages. 
 
 After the periods mentioned have elapsed, or after the transporta- 
 tion charges have been paid, no claim whatsoever shall be admitted 
 against the carrier with regard to the condition in which the goods 
 transported were delivered. 
 
 CHECKS. 
 
 Presentation. — The holder of a check must present it for payment 
 within five days of its issue, if drawn on the same place, and within 
 eight days if .drawn on another one. The holder who allows this 
 period to elapse loses his right of action against the indorsers, as well 
 as againsttht^'hiaker, if ' t'fi*^ 'f liiids deposited with the person on whom 
 it is dra^^^ii 'sholilS^ difeap'fi8& because the latter has suspended pay- 
 ments or !s'*d' bdSakl^upt. The period of eight da^^s fixed in the fore- 
 going sentence for checks issued from place to place shall be under- 
 stood as extending to twelve days after its date for those drawn abroad. 
 
 CONTRACTS. 
 
 Form. — Commercial contracts shall be valid and serve as the basis 
 of an obligation and cause of action in suits, whatever may be the 
 form or in whatever foreign language they are executed, the class to 
 which they correspond and the amount involved, provided their exist- 
 ence is proved by some of the means established by the civil law. 
 However, the declaration of witnesses shall not in itself be sufficient 
 to prove the existence of a contract, the consideration of which exceeds 
 1,500 pesetas (about |300), if no other evidence is adduced. 
 
 Telegraphic correspondence shall only be the basis of an obligation 
 between contracting parties who have previousl}^ admitted this medium 
 in a written contract, and provided the telegrams fulfill the conven- 
 tional conditions or tokens which may have- been previously fixed by 
 the contracting parties. 
 
 There shall be excepted from the foregoing contracts executed in a 
 foreign countr}^ in which the law requires certain instruments, meth- 
 ods or formalities for their validity, although not required by Cuban 
 law. 
 
 By correspondence. — Contracts executed through correspondence 
 shall be completed from the time an answer is made accepting the 
 proposition or the conditions by which the latter may be modified. 
 
 By agent or hrol'er. — Contracts in which an agent or broker mediates 
 shall be completed when the contracting parties shall have ag'reed to 
 their clauses. 
 
 Time of perfmrniance. — Obligations which do not have a limit pre- 
 viously fixed b}^ the parties, or b}^ the provisions of this code, shall be 
 demandable ten days after having been contracted, if they can only be 
 the basis of an ordinary action, and on the nejct day if an execution lies. 
 
30 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Delay in performance. — The effects of tardiness in compliance with 
 commercial obligations shall begin — 
 
 (1) In contracts in which a day is fixed for their compliance by the 
 will of the parties or by law, on the day following the one they fall due. 
 
 (2) In contracts in which no such day is fixed, from the day on 
 which the creditor legall}^ summons the debtor or makes known to him 
 the declaration of loss and damage made against him before a justice, 
 notary, or other public official authorized to admit the same. 
 
 FACTOKS OR COMMISSION MERCHANTS. 
 
 Lidbility. — When the factor transacts business in his own name it 
 shall not be necessary for him to stat^j^^ji^j the-, principal, and he 
 shall be directly liable as if the business .T^gj:^r f^j^ l^i^jj9,^p .i^cpount to 
 the persons with whom he transacts the same, saij:LfP|e,ifspn^ .not hav- 
 ing any right of action against the i3rincipal, nor the latter against the 
 former, the liabilities of the principal and the factor to each other 
 alwa3^s being reserved. 
 
 Refusal to accept commission. — In case a factor should refuse the 
 commission intrusted to him, he shall be obliged to communicate his 
 decision to the principal by the quickest means possible, being required 
 in any case to confirm it by the first mail after receiving the commission. 
 
 He shall also be obliged to exercise due care in the custody and 
 preservation of the merchandise which the principal may have for- 
 warded to him until the latter appoints a new agent, in view of his 
 refusal, or until, without awaiting a new designation, the judge or 
 court has taken possession of the goods at the request of the agent. 
 
 Noncompliance with an}^ of the obligations established in the two 
 foregoing paragraphs shall cause the agent to incur the liability of 
 indemnif3"ing the principal for the loss and damages which may arise. 
 
 Can not delegate authority. — The factor shall personally discharge 
 the commissions he may receive, and can not delegate them without 
 the prior consent of the principal unless he has previouslj^ been author- 
 ized to make the delegation; but he may, under his liability, make 
 use pf his employees in the routine transactions, which, according to 
 general commerciak customs, are intrusted to the same. 
 
 If the factor should have made a delegation or substitution with the 
 authority of the principal, he shall be liable for the acts of the substi- 
 tute, if the person to whom the business was delegated was selected 
 b}^ him, being otherwise released from liability. 
 
 Transacting hushiess at prices not authorized. — A factor who, with- 
 out express authorization of the principal, should transact some busi- 
 ness at prices or conditions which are more onerous than the current 
 market rates on the date on which it took place shall be liable to the 
 principal for the loss he may have caused him thereby, the statement 
 
HAJSTDBOOK OF CUBA. 31 
 
 that he made transactions at the same time for his own account, under 
 similar circumstances, not being admissible as an excuse. 
 
 Can not sell on credit. — A factor can not, without authority from 
 the principal, loan or sell on credit or on time, the principal being 
 permitted in such cases to require cash payment of the agent, leaving 
 him any interest, profit, or advantage which may arise from said credit 
 on time. 
 
 Rate of commission. — Should there be no agreement with regard to 
 commission, the latter shall be fixed in accordance with the commercial 
 practices and customs of the market where the commission is fulfilled. 
 
 Lien on goods for com,missio7i. — Merchandise forwarded on consign- 
 ment shall be understood as specially bound to the payment of the 
 commission fees, advances, and expenses the factor may have made on 
 account of its value or proceeds. 
 
 FOEEIGN CORPORATIONS. 
 
 May engage in husiness. — Foreigners and corporations organized 
 abroad may trade in Cuba, subject to the laws of their country, in so 
 far as their capacit}^ to transact business is concerned; and to the pro- 
 visions of this code in all that refers to the creation of their estab- 
 lishments within Cuban territory, to their commercial operations, and 
 to the jurisdiction of the courts of the country. 
 
 Registration. — Foreign partnerships or corporations which desire to 
 establish themselves or create branches in Cuba shall present and have 
 recorded in the register, besides their by-laws and the documents pre- 
 scribed for Cuban corporations, a certificate issued by the Cuban 
 consul stating that said companies have been established and authorized 
 according to the laws of the respective countries. 
 
 LIMITATION OF ACTIONS. 
 
 Six months. — The real action against the security of agents shall 
 only be brought within six months, counted from the date of the 
 receipt of the public securities, commercial bonds or funds which 
 may have been delivered to them for negotiation. Actions relating 
 to the collection of transportation, freights, expenses inherent thereto, 
 and the contributions of ordinary averages shall prescribe six months 
 after the goods which gave rise thereto were delivered. 
 One year. — The following shall prescribe after one year: 
 (1) Actions arising from services, works, provisions and furnishing 
 of goods or money for the construction, repair, equipment or provi- 
 sioning of vessels, or to support the crew, to be counted from the deliv- 
 ery of the goods and money, or from the period stipulated for their 
 paj'^ment, and from the time services or labor were rendered, if they 
 should not have been engaged for a definite period or vo3^age. Should 
 this be the case the time of the prescription shall begin to be counted 
 
32 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 from the end of the voyage, or from the date of the contract referring 
 thereto, and, should there be any interruption therein, from the time 
 of the definite conclusion of the service. 
 
 (2) Actions relating to the delivery of the cargo in maritime or land 
 transportation or to the indemnity for delays and damages suffered 
 by the goods transported, the period of the prescription to be counted 
 from the day of the delivery of the cargo at the place of its destina- 
 tion, or from the day on which it should have been delivered according 
 to the conditions of its transportation. 
 
 Actions for damages or defaults can not be brought if, at the time 
 of the delivery of the respective shipments or within the twenty-four 
 hours following, when damages which do not appear on the exterior 
 of the packages received are in question, the proper protests or reser- 
 vations should not have been made. 
 
 Three years. — ^The liability of exchange brokers, commercial brokers, 
 or ship-broking interpreters in the obligations in which they take part 
 by reason of their office shall prescribe after three years. 
 
 Actions arising from drafts shall extinguish three years after they 
 have fallen due, should they have been protested or not. A similar 
 rule shall be applied to drafts and promissory notes of commerce, to 
 checks, stubs, and other instruments of draft or exchange, and to the 
 dividends, coupons, and the amounts of the amortization of obligations. 
 
 Actions arising from loans on bottomry or respondentia or from 
 marine risks shall prescribe after three 3^ears from the period of the 
 respective contracts or from the date of the accident which gives rise 
 thereto. 
 
 Actions which may be brought by a partner against the copartner- 
 ship, or vice versa, shall prescribe after three years, counted from the 
 withdrawal of the partner, his exclusion, or the dissolution of the 
 copartnership. It shall be necessary, in order that this period may 
 run, to record in the commercial register the withdrawal of the part- 
 ner, his exclusion, or the dissolution of the copartnership. 
 
 Five years. — The right to recover the dividends or pajmients which 
 are declared by reason of profit or capital on the part or share which 
 is due each partner in the association funds shall prescribe after five 
 years, counted from the day fixed to commence their collection. 
 
 LIMITED PARTNERSHIP. 
 
 Firm name. — Limited copartnerships must transact business under 
 the name of all the members thereof, of several of them, or of one 
 only, it being necessary to add, in the latter two cases, to the name or 
 names given the words "and company," and in all cases the words 
 "limited copartnership." This general name shall constitute the 
 firm name, in which there may never be included the names of special 
 partners. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 33 
 
 Should any special partner include his name, or permit its inclusion 
 in the firm name, he shall be subject, with regard to persons not 
 members of the copartnership, to the same liabilities as the managing 
 partners, without acquiring any more rights than those corresponding 
 to his character of special partner. 
 
 Liability of special partners. — All the members of the copartnership, 
 be the}^ or be they not managing partners of the limited copartnership, 
 are jointly and several]}^ liable for the results of the transactions of the 
 latter in the same manner and to the same extent as in general copart- 
 nerships. They shall furthermore have the same rights and obliga- 
 tions which are prescribed for partners in general copartnerships. 
 The liability of special partners for the obligations and losses of the 
 copartnership shall be limited to the funds which they contributed, or 
 bound themselves to contribute, to the limited copartnership. Special 
 partners can not take any part whatsoever in the management of the 
 interests of the copartnership, not even in the capacity of special agents 
 of the managing partners. 
 
 LOATSS. 
 
 Time of payment. — In loans for an indefinite period, or in which no 
 due time has been fixed, payment can not be demanded of the debtor 
 until thirty days have elapsed, to be counted from the date of the 
 notarial demand which may have been made. 
 
 Interest. — Loans shall not pay any interest unless there is an agree- 
 ment to that efi^ect in writing. The interest of the loan may be agreed 
 upon without anj^ established rate or limitation whatsoever. Any 
 agreement made in favor of the creditor shall be considered as interest. 
 
 Default of payment. — Debtors who delay the payment of their 
 debts after the same have fallen due must pay, from the day following 
 that on which it became due, the interest agreed upon in such case, or, 
 in the absence of such agreement, the legal interest. 
 
 If the loan is in kind, in order to compute the interest, its value 
 shall be determined by the prices of the merchandise loaned in the 
 localit}^ in nvhich the return is to be made, on the day following that 
 on which it falls due, or by the value fixed by experts if the merchan- 
 dise should no longer exist at the time its appraisement is to be made. 
 
 If the loan consists of bonds or securities, the interest, hj reason of 
 delay in repajaiient, shall be that earned by said securities or bonds, 
 or, in the absence thereof, the legal rate of interest, the value of the 
 securities being determined by their price on exchange, if thej^ are 
 subject to quotation, or at their current prices on the day following 
 that on which they fall due. 
 
 Cornpound interest. — Interest which has fallen due and has not been 
 paid shall not earn interest. The contracting parties may, however, 
 159a— 05 3 
 
34 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 capitalize the net interest which has not been paid, which, as new prin- 
 cipal, shall earn interest. 
 
 Payinents on acGOiint. — Payments on account, when there is no 
 express stipulation with regard to their application, shall first be 
 applied to the payment of interest as it falls due and then to the 
 principal. 
 
 Pledged securities. — After the period for which the loan was con- 
 tracted has elapsed, the creditor, unless there was an agreement to 
 the contrary, and without necessity of notifying the debtor, shall be 
 authorized to request the alienation of the securities, for which pur- 
 pose he shall present them, with the instrument constituting the loan, 
 to the board of directors, which, after finding their numeration cor- 
 rect, shall convey them to the amount necessar}^ through a licensed 
 broker, on the same day, if it be possible, and, otherwise, on the next. 
 A lender can only make use of the said right during the hours of the 
 exchange. of the day following that on which the debt fell due. 
 
 Securities which are quoted on exchange, payable to bearer, pledged 
 in the manner fixed in the foregoing paragraph, shall not be subject 
 to return until the lender has been reimbursed, without prejudice to 
 the rights and actions of the dispossessed owner against the persons 
 liable according to the laws for the acts by virtue of which he has 
 been deprived of the possession and ownership of the securities given 
 as a guaranty. 
 
 MARRIED WOMEN. 
 
 May engage in husiness. — A married woman over 21 years of age 
 may trade, with the authority of her husband contained in a public 
 instrument recorded in the commercial registry. A married woman 
 shall also be considered authorized to trade who does so with the 
 knowledge of her husband. 
 
 Revocation of authority. — The revocation of the permission granted 
 the wife to trade must be entered in the register. 
 
 Property liable for her transactions. — If the woman is authorized to 
 do business, her dowry and personal property, in addition to the dowry, 
 and all the property and rights of the conjugal partnership, shall be 
 liable for the results of her commercial transactions*, the wife being 
 permitted to alienate and mortgage her personal private property, as 
 well as that owned in common. 
 
 PARTNERSHIP. ^ 
 
 Name. — The general copartnership must transact business under the 
 name of all its members, of several of them, or of one only, it being 
 necessary to add in the latter two cases to the name or names given the 
 words "and company." This general name shall constitute the firm 
 name or signature, in which there may never be included the name of 
 
r 
 
 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 35 
 
 a person who is not at the time a partner in the association. Those 
 who, not being- members of tlie partnership, include their names in the 
 firm denomination shall be subject to joint liability, without prejudice 
 to the penal liability which ma}^ be proper. 
 
 Liability of partners. — All the members of the general copartner- 
 ship, be they or be the}^ not managing partners of the same, are 
 personally and jointly liable with all their property for the results of the 
 transactions made in the name and for the account of the partnership, 
 under the signature of the latter, and by a person authorized to make 
 use thereof. 
 
 Who may hind the partnership. — The partners not dul}^ author- 
 ized to make use of the firm signature shall not make the company 
 liable through their acts and contracts, even though thej^ execute 
 them in the name of the latter and under its signature. The civil or 
 criminal liability for these acts shall be incurred exclusively by the 
 authors thereof. 
 
 Liahility of retiring partners. — The liability of the partner excluded, 
 as well as that of the copartnership, for all acts and obligations con- 
 tracted in the name and for the account of the latter with regard to 
 third persons, shall continue until the record of the partial rescission 
 of the articles of copartnership has been made in the commercial 
 register. 
 
 Dissolution. — General and limited copartnerships shall be dissolved 
 for the following reasons: 
 
 (1) The death of one of the general partners, if the articles of 
 copartnership do not contain an express agreement that the heirs of 
 the deceased partner are to continue in the copartnership, or an agree- 
 ment to the efi'ect that said copartnership will continue between the 
 surviving partners. 
 
 (2) The insanity of a managing partner, or any other cause which 
 renders him incapable of administering his property. 
 
 (3) The failure of any of the general partners. 
 
 A partnership shall not be considered as extended by the implied or 
 presumed will of the members after the period for which it was con- 
 stituted has elapsed; and if the members desire to continue in associa- 
 tion, they shall draw up new articles of copartnership. 
 
 SALES. 
 
 Expense of delivery. — The expense of the delivery of merchandise 
 in commercial sales shall be defrayed by the vendor until said mer- 
 chandise is placed at the disposal of the purchaser, weighed or 
 measured, unless there is an agreement to the contrary. The expenses 
 arising from the receipt and removal of the merchandise from the 
 place of delivery shall be defrayed by the purchaser. 
 
36 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Delivery on time. — If the vendor does not deliver the g'oods sold at 
 the time stipulated, the purchaser may request the fulfillment or the 
 rescission of the contract, with damages in either case for the loss he 
 may have suffered by reason of the delay. 
 
 Delivery of aijart. — In contracts in which the delivery of a certain 
 amount of merchandise is stipulated within a certain time, the pur- 
 chaser shall not be obliged to receive part of said amount even on the 
 promise of delivering the balance; but if he accepts the partial deliv- 
 ery, the sale shall be consummated with regard to the goods received, 
 reserving the right of the purchaser to demand for the rest the fulfill- 
 ment of the contract or its rescission, in accordance with the foregoing 
 article. 
 
 Purchase money lien. — During the time the articles sold are in the 
 possession of the vendor, even though they be in the capacitj^ of 
 deposit, the latter shall have preference to the same over any other 
 creditor to obtain the payment of the price with the interest arising 
 fix)m the delay. 
 
 Delayed payments. — Any delay in the payment for the article pur- 
 chased shall obligate the purchaser to pay the legal rate of interest on 
 the amount he owes the vendor. 
 
 By sample. — If the sale takes place by sample or bj^ a fixed quality, 
 in case the purchaser refuses to accept the goods, experts shall be 
 appointed by both parties, who shall decide whether their reception 
 is proper or not. If the experts should declare that the articles are 
 to be received, the sale shall be considered as consummated, and in a 
 contrary case the contract shall fee rescinded, without prejudice to the 
 indemnification to which the purchaser may be entitled. 
 
 Right of examination. — In the purchase of goods which are not seen 
 or can not be classified by a fixed quality, well known in commerce, it 
 shall be understood that the purchaser reserves the privilege of exam- 
 ining them and unrestrictedly rescinding the contract if the goods do 
 not suit him. The purchaser shall also be entitled to rescind said con- 
 tract if he reserved the right, hy an express agreement, to examine 
 the goods contracted for. 
 
 Refusal of puTchaser to accept goods. — If the purchaser refuses, 
 without just cause, to receive the goods bought, the vendor may 
 demand the fulfillment or rescission of the contract, depositing the 
 merchandise in court in the first case. The same judicial deposit may 
 be made by the vendor whenever the purchaser delays in taking charge 
 of the merchandise. The expenses arising from the deposit shall be 
 defrayed by the person who caused said deposit to be made. 
 
 Purchaser'' s risk. — The damages and impairment suffered by mer- 
 chandise after the contract has been consummated and the vendor has 
 the goods at the disposal of the purchaser in the place and at the time 
 
^ HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 37 
 
 agreed upon shall be suft'ered by the purchaser, except in cases of 
 carelessness or neglig-ence on the part of the vendor. 
 
 When vendor is lictble for damage. — The damages and impairment 
 sufi'ered by merchandise, even though it be by reason of an accident, 
 shall be for the account of the vendor in the following cases: 
 
 (1) If the sale took place by number, weight, or measure, or if the 
 article sold is not fixed and determined, with marks and signs which 
 identify it. 
 
 (2) If, by reason of an express agreement or the usages of com- 
 merce in view of the nature of the article sold, the purchaser has the 
 privilege of previously examining and investigating it, 
 
 (3) If the contract contains a clause to the effect that the delivery is 
 not to be made until the article sold has acquired the conditions 
 stipulated. 
 
 Purchase!''' s right of action against vendor. — A purchaser who, at 
 the time of receiving the merchandise, fully examines the same shall 
 not have a right of action against the vendor, alleging a defect in the 
 quantity or quality of the merchandise. 
 
 A purchaser shall have a right of action against a vendor for defects 
 in the quantity or qualit}^ of merchandise received in bales or pack- 
 ages, provided he brings his action within the four days following its 
 receipts, and that the average is not due to accident, to the nature of 
 the merchandise, or to fraud. 
 
 In such cases the purchaser may choose between the rescission of the 
 contract or its fulfillment in accordance with the terms of the agree- 
 ment, but always with the payment of the damages he may have suf- 
 fered b}^ reason of the defects or faults. 
 
 The vendor may avoid this claim b}^ demanding, when making the 
 delivery, that the merchandise be examined fully by the purchaser 
 with regard to the quantity and quality thereof. 
 
 Limitation of claim for defects. — A purchaser who has not made 
 any claim based on the inherent defects in the article sold within the 
 thirty days following its delivery shall lose all rights of action against 
 the vendor for such defects. 
 
 Loss of goods. — The loss or impairment of the goods before their 
 delivery, on account of unforeseen accidents or without the fault of 
 the vendor, shall entitle the purchaser to rescind the contract, unless 
 the vendor has constituted himself the bailee of the merchandise, in 
 which case his liability shall be limited to that arising by reason of the 
 deposit. 
 
 WAREHOUSE RECEIPTS, 
 
 NegotiaJyle. — The receipts issued by general warehouse associations 
 for the produce and merchandise they accept to care for shall be 
 negotiable, shall be transferred by indorsement, assignment, or in any 
 other manner transferring ownership, according as to whether they 
 
38 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 are issued to order or to bearer, Mid shall have the force and value of 
 commercial bills of lading. These receipts must necessarily state the 
 class of goods, with the number or amount each one represents. 
 
 Holder. — The owner of the receipts is vested with the full owner- 
 ship of the commodities deposited in the warehouse of the association, 
 and shall be exempted from all liability from claims brought against 
 the receiver, the indorsers, or prior owners, except if said claims arise 
 from the transportation, storage, and preservation of the merchandise. 
 
 Actions. — If a creditor who has legal possession of a receipt as 
 security should not be paid on the day his claim falls due, he may 
 bring an action against the association to gain possession of the goods 
 on deposit sufficient to cover his credit, and shall have preference over 
 other debts of the depositor, with the exception of those mentioned in 
 the foregoing article. 
 
 The sales referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be made in 
 the warehouse of the association without the necessity of a judicial 
 decree, at a public auction previously announced, and through a licensed 
 broker, where there are any, and otherwise through a notary. 
 
 RELIGION. 
 
 The great majority of the Cuban people profess the Roman Catholic 
 religion; but there is no fanaticism or intolerance, the people adapt- 
 ing themselves without any difficulty to the religious liberty provided 
 for by the constitution. It is realh^ worthy of admiration that a people 
 unaccustomed to these conditions should have respected and accepted 
 as quite natural the establishment of churches of other denominations. 
 
 ARMY AND NAVY. 
 
 There is no standing army or navy in the Republic. 
 
 Life and propertj^ of persons residing in cities and towns are well 
 protected b}'^ the municipal police force (which in the city of Habana 
 consists of 1 chief, 70 officers, and 1,00Y men, not including a police 
 band of 50 members), and, in addition, port cities have harbor police, 
 charged with the preservation of peace and order in harbors and along 
 the wharves, as well as with the safety of merchandise stored there. 
 
 The maintenance of safety in the rural districts and along highways 
 is intrusted to the care of the Rural Guard of Cuba, a body of excel- 
 lent men, well mounted and equipped, numbering 1 chief, 163 officers, 
 and 2,856 men. It is intended to increase the number of men to 4,000. 
 
 Coast defenses. — The coast defenses are guarded by an artillery 
 corps, consisting of 1 chief, 24 officers, and 648 men, at present 
 instru{;ted by Capt. Dwight E. Aultman, of the United States Artil- 
 ler}^ A contract has recently been made for new arms and ammuni- 
 tion for the Rural Guard and Artillery Corps. The rifle selected 
 permits the use of United States armj^ ammunition. 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 THE CITY OF HABANA. 
 
 Habana, the capital city of the Republic of Cuba, was founded by 
 Diego Velasquez, the first adelantado, or governor-general, first near 
 the anchoring place of Batabano, and, that place not being convenient, 
 it was changed to Puerto de Carenas, its present site, in 1519. For 
 some 3^ears Habana was secondary in importance to Santiago de Cuba, 
 which' was founded at an earlier date. Being wholly unprotected by 
 fortifications or armed forces, the settlement was an easy prey to the 
 buccaneers, who infested West Indian waters even in those early days. 
 In March, 1538, the town was sacked and burned by a French pirate; 
 but was shortly afterwards rebuilt, with the aid of a military force 
 sent from Santiago de Cuba by Fernando de Soto, who had just been 
 appointed governor-general of tiie island. De Soto had brought with 
 him from Spain a strong expedition intended for the conquest of 
 Florida, which he imagined to be an empire of wealth greater than 
 Mexico or Peru. The ofiicer sent by him in command of the relief 
 party was instructed to build a fort at Habana, for the defense of the 
 settlement, which he did, and it was named La Fuerza, which is pre- 
 served to this day, it now being used as the general archives of the 
 Republic, after having been suitably repaired and remodeled. 
 
 Sometime after the completion of La Fuerza, De Soto, with his 
 expedition, reached Habana, where he remained until May, 1539, and 
 then set sail for the conquest of Florida. 
 
 It was not until 1552 that Habana was made the capital of the island, 
 the seat of government being transferred from Santiago de Cuba, the 
 second capital — Baracoa, the earliest settlement in the island and the 
 first city of America, having been the first. 
 
 In July, 1555, Habana was again attacked by the French buccaneers, 
 prominent among whom was the famous Calvinist Jacques Sores. 
 The garrison at La Fuerza made a stubborn defense, which, how- 
 ever, proved useless against the fierce onslaught of the pirates. 
 The city was sacked and burned; La Fuerza was virtuallj^ destroyed, 
 the survivors numbering thirty-eight families, and 13 strangers or 
 transients. This second disaster to the settlement aroused the Govern- 
 ment to action, and the garrison of the city was heavilv reenforced. 
 
 39 
 
40 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 In 1589 the castle of La Fuerza was enlarged and the construction 
 of Morro and La Punta begun. In 1592 the title of cit}^ was given to 
 Habana by Philip 11. In 1597 the first aqueduct was built, the water 
 supply coming from the Almendares River, on which the town was 
 located. 
 
 Pirates continued to harass the city until the Spanish Government 
 sent a whole squadron of war ships, which made their headquarters at 
 Habana. This protection gave the city immunity for some years against 
 piratical attacks. Between the 3^ears 1625 and 1650, Dutch squadrons 
 blockaded Habana three times, but in each case the Dutch commander 
 was compelled to withdraw without having inflicted any material 
 damage on the city. 
 
 In the seventeenth century, treasure ships from Mexico and Peru 
 bound for Spain made Habana a stopping place and, notwithstanding 
 the fact that they were armed or convoyed by war vessels, the}^ were 
 frequently attacked on the northern coast of Cuba by European 
 pirates and privateers, who lay in wait for them, and with whom 
 many desperate battles were fought, with varying results, but fortune 
 usually on the side of the Spaniards. 
 
 In 1648 the city was infested with a plague known as the "putrid 
 fever," which killed one-third of the population. It appeared again 
 in 1654 and, while not so fatal as on its previous visitation, the mor- 
 tality resulting therefrom was great. For some years subsequent to 
 1650 pirates were again very active in the vicinity of the city and, in 
 view of their aggressiveness, work on additional fortifications was 
 pushed, and in 1664 the garrison of the city was further increased to 
 600 regular troops, besides eight companies of militia. In 1671 work 
 on the walls of the city was activel}^ begun, funds for carrying on this 
 work coming from Mexico. They were not completed until the early 
 part of the eighteenth century. 
 
 During the last half of the seventeenth century and the first half of 
 the eighteenth the city was frequently attacked by foreign squadrons, 
 which, we are told, were invariably repulsed without great difficulty. 
 The forces defending the city were constantly increased, and by 1738 
 had reached 4,000 militia, besides the regular troops. Relief expedi- 
 tions were from time to time sent from the city to aid the besieged 
 colony of Florida, which was constantly threatened by the English on 
 one side or the French on the other. One of these expeditions was 
 captured by the French at Pensacola in the early part of the eighteenth 
 century. 
 
 The fleet of war vessels maintained by Spain in West Indian waters 
 was unable not only to stamp out, but to check the growth of piracy, 
 in view of which many letters of marque were granted to privateers 
 between the years of 1720 and 1750. Spanish historians record that 
 these privateers captured many pirates, who were invariably punished 
 
HANDBOOK Ob' CtJBA. 41 
 
 with death. In 1761 two Spanish war vessels bringing men and treas- 
 ure from Veracruz, Mexico, reached Habana infected with yellow 
 fever, called by the Spaniards at the time " l)lack vomit," which was 
 at once communicated to the city, resulting in an epidemic, from which 
 more than 3,000 persons died between Ma}^ and October of that year. 
 The disease became endemic, and was only eradicated by the Americans 
 in 1901, During the war between Spain and Great Britain in 1762 a 
 fleet of 53 war vessels, under command of Sir George Pocock, con- 
 voying 115 transports bearing 12,011 soldiers and 2,000 negroes 
 for working, commanded by the Earl of Albemarle, appeared off the 
 harbor of Habana, and the following day began an attack on the city. 
 The fortifications at Cojimar, a suburb, were destroyed without difli- 
 culty, and troops were then landed. Fighting continued daily until 
 August 11, when the city capitulated, the formal surrender taking 
 place the day following. The British continued in possession of the 
 city until June 6, 1763, nearly five months subsequent to the declara- 
 tion of peace. 
 
 By the creation of the intendancy of Habana in 1761 Cuba was 
 removed from the jurisdiction of Santo Domingo, to whicli it had pre- 
 viously been subject. During the British occupation vessels of all 
 nationalities were permitted to enter the harbor, and this practice was 
 continued to some extent after English evacuation, but it was stopped 
 in 1766 by an order which positively forbade the entrance to the 
 harbor of any foreign vessel. Within two months after the British 
 evacuation the construction of the fortress of La Cabana and the 
 reconstruction of Morro Castle were begun. La Cabana, which, 
 together with La Punta and Morro, guards the narrow entrance to the 
 harbor, and which is one of the largest forts in area in the world, was 
 completed in 1774. 
 
 In 1768 a hurricane swept over the city, destroying or seriously 
 damaging 69 vessels in the harbor and leaving scarcely a building in 
 the city unharmed. The first census of Habana, taken in 1773, showed 
 a population of 75,618, and in 1788 the streets of the city were lighted 
 for the first time. In June, 1791, another storm passed over the city 
 doing great damage to life and property. The order forbidding the 
 entrance to the harbor of all foreign vessels was, in 1795, modified to 
 the extent of granting said privilege to English and American ships. 
 On Januarj^, 1796, a war vessel arrived, bringing the ashes of Colum- 
 bus from Santo Domingo, which were deposited in a niche of the walls 
 of the cathedral, where they remained until the latter part of 1898, 
 when they were taken out and carried to Spain. The genuineness of 
 these ashes is denied by Santo Domingo, which claims that thej^ are 
 the remains of the son of Columbus, those of the great discoverer 
 being preserved in the cathedral of the capital of that Republic. 
 
42 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 In 1818 a royal decree permitting the free entr}^ to the port of ves- 
 sels of all nations was issued. A census taken that year showed a 
 population of 81,075, which was increased by 1827 to 94,023. In 1829 
 an expedition of 3,500 men for the recapture of Mexico was organized 
 in the city and shortly afterwards set sail for that Republic, returning 
 the same year unsuccessful with a depletion in their ranks of 1,000. 
 In 1833 an epidemic of cholera in the city killed 12,000 persons, and a 
 similar epidemic in 1850 caused great loss of life. A hurricane, which 
 swept over the island in 1813, caused great ravages in the city, and it 
 was followed by a moi-e severe storm in 1846, which destroyed 216 
 ships in the harbor, besides doing great damage to life and property 
 ashore. 
 
 In 1850 Narciso Lopez and Colonel Crittenden, of Kentucky, landed 
 in Cardenas with a filibustering expedition organized in New Orleans, 
 and not being supported returned to the United States. Afterwards, 
 in 1851, another expedition landed in Pinar del Rio. They were 
 attacked by a superior force, captured, and, with 60 Americans, taken 
 to Habana, and all shot except Lopez, who died by the garrote. 
 
 During the war of secession in the United States many southerners 
 sought refuge in Habana, and safety was found there bj^^ man}^ blockade 
 runners. 
 
 Habana was the scene of many bloody occurrences during the period 
 of the first revolution of the Cubans, known as the "Ten Years' War," 
 the irregular forces of Spanish militia, known as "Voluntarios," being 
 the chief offenders. During the revolution resulting in the separation 
 of the island from Spain (1895-1898) riots and disturbances were also 
 frequent. As a result of one of these the Government of the United 
 States ordered the U. S. battle ship Maine to Habana, in which harbor 
 it was blown up on February 15, 1898. This occurrence was perhaps 
 one of the strongest motives which brought the rupture of diplomatic 
 relations between the United States and Spain, and consequently the 
 declaration of war between the two nations. 
 
 This historical sketch of the capital city of Cuba may be found 
 interesting, and especially so to Americans, who, since the advent of 
 the Cuban Republic, have been visiting Habana during the winter 
 months in ever-increasing numbers. 
 
 The importance of the old " Puerto Carenas," however, is not solely 
 due to its history, Habana is one of the most beautiful cities in the 
 world, both naturally and by its avenues, palaces, buildings, parks, 
 promenades, and as a commercial center has splendid wharves and 
 facilities for transportation. 
 
 It has a population of nearly 275,000 inhabitants, and the number is 
 daily increasing b}^ the powerful currents of immigration coming from 
 all over the world. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 43 
 
 Of the buildings the palace of the President of the Republic, for- 
 merly occupied by the Spanish captain-generals and the residence of 
 the military governor during the period of American occupation, is 
 worthy of mention, by the beauty of its architecture, its size, and the 
 magnificence of its galleries and salons. This building belonged to 
 the Habana municipality, which, when the Republic was established, 
 granted the privilege to the executive to dwell in it. There is a statue 
 of Columbus in the courtyard. The ancient convent of San Francisco, 
 now occupied by the custom-house department, is also worthy of 
 inspection by the visitor. The palace formerlj^ occupied by the com- 
 mander of marine, now used as the House of Representatives of the 
 Republic, is a handsome building. The Nacional Theatre is consid- 
 ered one of the best in the world, not only for its size, but also because 
 of its really wonderful acoustic conditions. The Tacon Market and 
 the Colon Market are models in their class. The normal school 
 for teachers, the jail, and the Payret Theatre are also important 
 institutions. 
 
 The principal parks and squares are the following: Central Park, 
 Park of Colon, Plaza de Armas, Plaza de Montserrate, Plaza de la 
 Catedral, or ''Discusion," and Plaza del Cristo. 
 
 The principal avenues and promenades are: The Malecon, the Paseo 
 de Marti (formerly Prado), Avenida de la Independencia, Calzada de 
 San Lazaro, Avenida de las Palmas, and Calzada de la Reina. There 
 is a botanic garden divided into an experimental field and a section of 
 botany. 
 
 Habana possesses several clubs and societies, the most important of 
 which are: The Union Club, El Ateneo y Circulo de la Habana, Cir- 
 culo Liberal Nacional, Circulo Moderado, Centro Asturiano, Centro 
 de Dependientes, Centro Aleman, Centro Gallego, American Club, 
 Circolo* Italiano, Casino Espanol, Sociedad del Vedado, Sociedad del 
 Pilar, Habana Yacht Club, Habana Chess Club, and several athletic 
 societies. 
 
 Of all the Spanish-American cities Habana is perhaps the gayest. 
 It has seven theaters — the Nacional, Paja^et, Albisu, Cuba, Marti, 
 Alhambra, and Chinese, which are open during the greater part of 
 the year; besides it has several baseball grounds where Cuban and 
 American teams of the first qualit}^ are alwa3's to be admired. Jai 
 Alai, the Spanish ball game, is also played. It would take consider- 
 able space to enumerate all the amusements to be found in Habana. 
 Let it suffice to saj^ that a prominent American has called the cit}" 
 "the American Paris." 
 
 The Habana press of to-day can favorably compare with that of 
 man}^ of the foremost countries in Europe. Besides the Gaceta Oficial 
 de la Republica de Cuba and the Boletin Oficial, published b}^ the 
 national and provincial government, the most important newspapers 
 
44 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 are: La Discusion, Diario de la Marina, La Lucha (which is printed 
 both in Spanish and English), El Mundo, El Comercio, El Nuevo Pais, 
 El Avisador Comercial, El Liberal, The Habana Post (an American 
 paper published in English), El Figaro (an illustrated weekly), Cuba y 
 America, El Economista, El Tabaco, and many others. Most of these 
 papers are supplied with up-to-date plants, rotar}^ presses, photoen- 
 graving plants, linotypes, etc. Great importance is given by them to 
 foreign news and they all have numerous correspondents in the prin- 
 cipal cities of the United States and Europe. These papers circulate 
 all over the island and in Central and South America, and their cable- 
 graphic service is as good and efficient as that of any first-class news- 
 paper in the world. 
 
 The water supply of Habana is unexcelled. It is carried to the city 
 from the springs at Vento (Palatino), about 8 miles from Habana, and 
 its abundance is such that it more than fills the present requirements 
 and a large portion runs to waste. The purity of the Habana water 
 is remarkable, no filtering being necessary. 
 
 According to the latest census there are about 18,000 houses in the 
 city. 
 
 The mean annual temperature of Habana is 77° and the lowest 
 recorded temperature is 49.6°. The average humidity is 75 per cent 
 and the annual rainfall 52 inches, two-thirds of which is precipitated 
 during the rainy season from June to the middle of October. The 
 city has an excellent electric street-railway system, built by an Amer- 
 ican corporation since the Spanish-American war, whose lines extend 
 not only through many of the narrow streets of the city, but to the 
 suburban towns of El Vedado, Cerro, and Jesus del Monte. 
 
 Other lines are now being built through the business section of the 
 city, and an elevated line extending along the harbor front. Strangers 
 in the city are surprised at the cheapness of carriage fares. Bubber- 
 tired victorias, drawn by horses usually in excellent condition, will 
 take one or two passengers to almost any part of the city for the sum 
 of 20 cents Spanish silver, equal to about 14 cents American currency. 
 
 The increasing number of American tourists who visit the city 
 everj^ winter, and return charmed with its climate and attractions, will 
 undoubtedly tend within a few j^ears to make Habana the most popu- 
 lar winter resort for the people of the United States living east of the 
 Missouri River. Within a few hours' sail from Florida one reaches a 
 city foreign in every respect and wholl}^ unlike anything to be seen at 
 home. Its streets, buildings, customs, and atmosphere are closely akin 
 to those of Andalusia, the most interesting portion of Spain, while its 
 vegetation is peculiarly Cuban. Three and a half years of American 
 occupation made little impress on the customs of the people, and, 
 except in cleanliness of streets and buildings, Habana, in a general 
 sense, is the same now as during colonial days. 
 
HANDBOOK OP CUBA. 45 
 
 Except in luxurious hotels, Habana has many advantages over any 
 point in Florida as an attractive winter resort, and this fact is becom- 
 ing- known to the winter-tourist public of the United States. Its 
 many points of historic interest; its balraj^, rainless winter days and 
 more beautiful nights; its well-kept macadam roads, extending from 
 the city to various interior picturesque towns and quaint villages 
 through beautiful sections of tropical country, are sure to prove 
 delightful attractions to the visitor from the frozen North. 
 
 Habana is justly proud of its firemen. The corps is a volunteer 
 institution and the firemen receive no salary or compensation for 
 their service. Many of them belong to the most prominent families 
 of Cuba. The fire engines and other apparatus are of the most 
 modern models, and the service is thoroughly efficient. 
 
 There is not, perhaps, any other city in the world which possesses 
 a better police force than Habana. The city is divided into thirteen 
 precincts, each precinct commanded by a captain. The number of 
 patrolmen is the largest of any city in the world. They are well 
 paid, splendidly organized and drilled, and handsomely uniformed. 
 As a rule, the members of the force are all men of high moral stand- 
 ing and unquestionable courage. The Habana police is divided into 
 two sections, infantry and cavalrj^, and their ability to handle large 
 crowds is certainly praiseworthy. 
 
 Besides the uniformed police, there is in Habana a detective bureau. 
 This branch of the Habana police is perhaps the one deserving more 
 credit for its exceptional abilit}^ in discovering ofl^enders and ferreting- 
 out crimes. Many a notorious criminal who had managed to evade 
 the police of Paris, London, Chicago, and New York has been detected 
 and arrested by the Habana detectives by means of the most ingenious 
 combinations. 
 
 Habana is to-day what the Americans aptly term "a busy city." 
 The first impression one receives on landing in the Cuban capital is 
 that he has arrived at one of the great American or European centers 
 of commerce and industry. 
 
 Habana is well provided with hospitals, the most important ones 
 being the Mercedes No. 1; Las Animas, where the experiments for 
 yellow fever were made; the Quinta de Higiene, for venereal diseases; 
 the Tamayo Dispensary, the one for tuberculosis; La Caridad, and 
 La Creche; the Paula (for women), and San Lazaro (for the lepers), 
 besides a large number of emergency hospitals, called "casas de 
 socorros," which render many good services to those who suffer from 
 accidents. All these hospitals are well supplied with the most modern 
 apparatus and surgical instruments and are in charge of the ablest 
 physicians and practitioners as well as trained nurses. 
 
 Habana also has a hospital for the insane, at Mazorra, where the 
 insane asylum is located. 
 
46 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 There are 21 Catholic and 6 Pxotestant churches in Habana. The 
 Catholic churches are: Belen, The Cathedral, Espiritu Santo, Guada- 
 lupe, Jesus del Monte, Jesus Maria y Jose, Merced, Monserrate, Pilar, 
 San Agustin, San Felipe, San Nicolas, Santa Catalina, Santa Clara, 
 Santa Teresa, Santo Angel Custodio, Santo Cristo, Santo Domingo, 
 Salvador, San Lazaro, and Ursulinas. Of these Belen, Merced, San 
 Agustin, Santa Catalina, Santa Clara, Santa Teresa, Santo Domingo, 
 and Ursulinas are convents. 
 
 The Protestant churches are: Bautista (Baptist), Evangelica (Evan- 
 gelical), Union Cristiana, Episcopal, Methodist, Presbyterian. 
 
 Habana also has two conservatories of music, a school of painting 
 and drawing, institute or high school, school of arts and trades and 
 several other professional institutions, besides many private and public 
 schools and colleges. 
 
 The Cristobal Colon cemetery, one of the notable public institutions 
 of Habana, is situated upon an eminence west of the city commanding 
 an outlook over the sea. It is reached by a drive through the Avenida 
 de la Independencia (formerly Paseo de Tacon) and past Principe Hill, 
 or by the Universidad-Aduana line of street cars, which run to the 
 entrance, and make the trip in twenty minutes from Prado (to-day 
 Paseo de Marti). The grounds are open through the day. At the 
 entrance, in a monumental arch of granite pierced by three openings, is 
 a sculptured panel representing the raising of Lazarus from the dead, 
 and surmounting the whole is a group of heroic figures representing 
 the theological virtues. Faith, Hope, and Charity, protected by the 
 mantle of Religion. The cemetery has many handsome monuments; 
 richly chiseled marbles and tombs decorated with porcelain flowers 
 line the avenues. 
 
 Noteworth}^ among the monuments are the tomb of General Calixto 
 Garcia, the Cuban patriot, bearing the sentiment "Morir por la Patria 
 es vivir" (To die for the country is to live); the one to Bishop Espada; 
 the Students' Monument, erected by popular subscription in memory 
 of the students of medicine of the University of Habana, who, in the 
 year 1871, were sacrificed to the vindictiveness of the Spanish Volun- 
 teers; the Firemen's Monument, erected by the citizens of Habana in 
 commemoration of the bravery of the volunteer firemen of Habana, 30 
 of whom perished in a fire which occurred in a warehouse on May 17, 
 1890, and many others; also the statues of Albear, Charles III, Ferdi- 
 nand VII, and Marti. 
 
 The Templete, constructed in 1828 on the site where the first mass 
 was celebrated, is an interesting building and contains paintings of 
 historical value. Here the first council took place under a ceiba tree. 
 
 The Universit}^ of Habana, located in the building formerly occu- 
 pied by the Spanish military magazines, is also noteworthy. It pos- 
 sesses interesting collections of ethnology, zoology, geology, and 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA, 47 
 
 botany. The university has a beautiful and healthy situation on a 
 high hill overlooking the sea, and where pure and fresh air circulates 
 profusely. 
 
 Habana has several public libraries: The Biblioteca Nacional and 
 Biblioteca de la Sociedad Economica de Amigos del Pais; the one of 
 the Colegio de Abogados (law), the one of the Academy of Science, 
 which has a museum, that of Pedagogia, the university, and the high 
 school. 
 
 At the corner of Belascoin and San Lazaro streets is the Casa de 
 Beneficencia y Maternidad (Charity and Maternity Asylum) for 
 destitute children. It was founded in 1794 by Governor-General 
 Luis de las Casas, whose administration was one of the bright spots in 
 the history of Cuba and is one of the best institutions of the city. 
 Other beneficient institutions are the Asylum of San Vicente de Paul, 
 the Correctional School at Aldecoa, and the Asilo de Huerfanos de la 
 Patria (Orphans of the Country), in which shelter, food, and education 
 is provided for the children of those who died for the independence of 
 Cuba. 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 PROVINCES— GEOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF EACH- 
 POPULATION, ETC. 
 
 -RESOURCES- 
 
 The Republic of Cuba is divided into six Provinces, which from 
 west to east are as follows: Pinar del Rio, Habana, Matanzas, Santa 
 Cliira, Camagiiey, and Oriente. 
 
 These Provinces are subdivided into 83 municipal districts, in the 
 following proportion: Pinar del Rio, 11; Habana, IT; Matanzas, 9; 
 Santa Clara, 27; Camagiiey, 4; Oriente, 15. 
 
 Some of these, especially in the rural districts, are again subdivided 
 into wards (barrios), the size, number, and population of which varies; 
 their object being to aid municipal control by means of delegates 
 known as alcaldes de barrio, an office equivalent to the justice of the 
 peace in the United States. 
 
 The area of the six Provinces is shown in the following table: 
 
 Square 
 miles. 
 
 Pinar del Eio 5, 000 
 
 Habana 2, 772 
 
 Matanzas 3, 700 
 
 Santa Clara 9, 560 
 
 Camagiiey .' 10, 500 
 
 Oriente : 12, 468 
 
 The population of Cuba and its Provinces, at various censuses, 
 according to the report of Colonel Sanger, U. S. Army (1899), is as 
 follows: 
 
 Province. 
 
 1861. 
 
 1887. 
 
 1899. 
 
 
 393, 789 
 234, 524 
 146, 685 
 85, 702 
 271,310 
 264, 520 
 
 451, 928 
 259, 578 
 225, 891 
 67, 789 
 354, 122 
 272, 379 
 
 424, 811 
 202, 462 
 173, 082 
 
 
 Pinar del Rio 
 
 
 88, 237 
 
 Santa Clara . 
 
 356, 537 
 
 
 327, 716 
 
 
 
 Total .. . 
 
 1,396,530 
 
 1,631,687 
 
 1, 572, 845 
 
 
 
 48 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 49 
 
 PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL RIO. 
 
 The Province of Pinar del Rio is situated at the western extremity 
 of the island, and is bounded on the north by the Gulf of Mexico, on 
 the east by the Province of Habana, on the south by the Sea of the 
 Antilles, and on the west by the Strait of Yucatan. 
 
 As constituted under the late government, Pinar del Rio is divided 
 into four judicial districts: Pinar del Rio, San Cristobal, Guanajay, 
 and Guane. 
 
 The lands of this Province differ greatly in their formation; the 
 Quaternaries are found forming two bands or zones, one to the north 
 and the other to the south, excepting the piece of land pertaining to 
 Cabo Corrientes. The southern band is a great deal wider than the 
 northern. The portion of this Province between longitude 78° and 79° 
 west, San Fernando meridian, Spain, is absolutely of the same post- 
 Tertiary formation. These lands are limited by the coasts and, gen- 
 erally speaking, are low and marshy; they are used chiefly for raising 
 cattle and swine as well as for the manufacture of charcoal and the 
 gathering of leaves and bark of the red mangrove. 
 
 The lands of the Tertiary formation are also found in two strips 
 parallel to the above mentioned. They are considered first class for 
 the culture of tobacco, owing to their arenaceous, argillocalcareous, 
 humiferous composition, principally in the southern part of the 
 Province (municipalities of Guaiae, San Juan y Martinez, San Luis, 
 Consolacion del Sur), where the Vuelta Abajo vegas of world-wide fame 
 are located. 
 
 To lands of the Secondary period pertain all the central highlands 
 of the Province. On the summit of these mountains small spaces of 
 igneous soil, mostly composed of serpentine rocks, are found. These 
 lands are generally of bad quality. Some coffee grows on them, but 
 their principal products are feed for cattle, timber for construction, 
 and wood for making charcoal. This, portion of land is the most 
 mountainous of the Province. 
 
 To the southwest of the Cordillera de los Organos (Organos Ridge) 
 exists a zone pertaining to the primitive formation, covered by woods 
 almost in its total area. Communications with Habana and through 
 the Province are abundant and good. 
 
 The principal products of the Province of Pinar del Rio are tobacco 
 (the most renowned in the world), sugar cane, coffee, timber, fruits, 
 charcoal, and cattle. 
 
 The capital of the Province is the city of Pinar del. Rio, with 8,880 
 inhabitants, situated in a fertile valle}^ near the river Guama, and con- 
 nected with Habana by the lines of the Western Railway of Habana. 
 
 Pinar del Rio has a splendid situation in the heart of the famous 
 tobacco-growing district of Vuelta Abajo. It communicates by rail 
 159a— 05 4 
 
50 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 with the towns of San Luis and San Juan y Martinez, and will soon 
 have communication with Kemates de Gnane, where the best Vuelta 
 Abajo tobacco is produced. 
 
 An excellent macadamized road coimects the city of Pinar del Rio 
 with the port of La Coloma, on the south coast of the island. 
 
 The city itself is an antiquated one, although many changes and 
 improvements have lately been introduced. It has several good, solid 
 buildings, such as the civil governor's residence, the jail, the institute, 
 and the old Spanish cuartel or armory. It has also a good hospital, 
 cemetery, etc. 
 
 The most important cities and towns in this Province are: Guanajay, 
 San Luis, Vinales, San Juan y Martinez, San Diego, Los Palacios, 
 Cabanas, Bahia Honda, Mariel (where the quarantine station of the 
 Republic is located), Consolacion del Sur, Remates de Guane, San 
 Cristobal, etc. 
 
 One of the naval stations ceded by the Cuban Republic to the 
 United States has been established at Bahia Honda, in this Province. 
 
 San Diego de los Baiios is famous for its sulphur springs, of 
 unequaled excellence. 
 
 The Province of Pinar del Rio suffered greatl}^ as a consequence of 
 the late revolution. It is, however, being rapidly reconstructed, and 
 there is every reason to believe that its condition will soon be more 
 favorable than ever before. 
 
 PROVINCE OF HABANA. 
 
 The Province of Habana, the smallest in area, is the most populated 
 of the Republic. 
 
 It is bounded on the north by the Florida Canal, on the east by 
 the Province of Matanzas, on the south by the Sea of the Antilles, 
 on the west by the Province of Pinar del Rio. 
 
 It is divided into the following judicial districts: Habana, Guana- 
 bacoa, Marianao, Jaruco, San Antonio de los Banos, Bejucal, and 
 Giiines. 
 
 The soil of the Quaternary period is found in all the south coast 
 littoral and in a small portion of the north coast, east of Habana. 
 
 The lands of the Tertiary formation are located in the southern 
 and western portions of the Province, adjoining the zones of the 
 Quaternary formation, although the strips are rather narrow. In the 
 municipalities of Alquizar and Giiira de Melena, situated in the south- 
 west section of the Province, tobacco of very good quality, called 
 "Tabaco de Partido," is cultivated, and also coffee, bananas, sugar 
 cane, and oranges. 
 
 The dark soil (black earth) of the municipalities of Giiines, Melena 
 del Sur, Nueva Paz, and San Nicolas, on the south coast, to the east, 
 produce sugar cane, and, in Giiines, also potatoes, and many other 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 51 
 
 excellent vegetables, enough to supply the Habana markets and to 
 export to the United States. 
 
 The arenose-argillo-calcareous lands of the municipality of Bauta, 
 to the west of Habana, are first class for cultivating white and violet 
 pineapples, which are being- shipped in large quantities to New York 
 and othft- American markets. 
 
 The lands of the Secondary period form a strip beginning south of 
 the city of Habana and running east to the limits of Matanzas. In 
 this zone are located parts of the municipalities of Madruga, Tapaste, 
 Santa Maria del Rosario, Casiguas, and others. 
 
 Only a small portion of igneous soil can be found in the munici- 
 pality of Guanabacoa, to the east of Habana. 
 
 The principal productions of the Province are sugar cane, alcohol, 
 tobacco, pineapples, "yuca," starch, coffee, bananas, corn, and fruits 
 and veg'etables of every kind, and other produce. 
 
 The capital of the Province, and of the Republic, is Habana. It is 
 situated on the west side of the beautiful bay of Habana, known to 
 Columbus and his companions as the "Puerto de Carenas," owing- to 
 the fact that the great admiral found in its bosom safe shelter to carry 
 on the difficult task of overhauling his damaged ships; " carena" being 
 a Spanish word meaning "overhaul." It is in latitude 23° 8' 15" 
 north and 88° 22' 12" west longitude. 
 
 Habana occupies a very strategical position at the mouth of the 
 Gulf of Mexico, a fact which has served to aptly give it the name of 
 the "Key of the Gulf ;" and a symbolic key is emblazoned in its coat 
 of arms. 
 
 Habana is strongly fortified, the entrance to its harbor being 
 guarded on one side by the Morro and the frowning heights of La 
 Cabana Fortress, and on the other by La Punta and other smaller coast 
 batteries, which, supported as they are by the batteries of Castillo del 
 Principe, Castillo de Atares, etc. , and by the sand batteries extending 
 upon the coast on both sides of the harbor, make the place a strong- 
 bold. 
 
 The mouth of the port is a rather narrow one, but expands into a 
 wide and deep harbor, where a thousand ships can safely anchor. 
 
 The city has a population of nearly 2Y5,000 inhabitants; it has 
 beautiful drives, among which the now famous Malecon (embank- 
 ment), which runs parallel to the sea; the Prado (nowPaseo de Marti), 
 running from the Malecon to the Parque Central; the Avenida de las 
 Palmas, the Avenida de la Independencia, etc. Its parks are also 
 very beautiful, notably, the Central, the Parque de Colon, and others. 
 
 The city has a number of associations for purposes of instruction 
 and recreation, and several clubs, an academy of sciences, university, 
 high school, charitj^ institutions, asylums, civil, military, and private 
 hospitals, several theaters, the principal one named Teatro Nacional, 
 
52 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 being widely celebrated; large markets, a systeni of magnificent 
 waterworks, an extensive and beautiful cemetery, sea baths, churches, 
 convents, and good hotels, which are being improved yearly. 
 
 It has a great commercial traffic, interior as well as exterior, main- 
 tained by steamship lines, railroads, urban and suburban electric 
 lines, and a large number of omnibuses and carriages, public and 
 private. 
 
 The water suppl}^ of Habana is one of the most abundant and purest 
 and healthiest in the world, it being gotten from the springs in Vento, 
 tanked in reservoirs at a place called " Palatino," near Habana, and 
 carried to the city by means of an aqueduct by an engineer named 
 Albear, a native of Habana. 
 
 Yerj soon the works of the sewerage and paving will be accom- 
 plished. 
 
 Habana is the residence of the President of the Republic, the seat 
 of the Congress of the Republic, etc. 
 
 It is the seat of the General Government, supreme court, superior 
 court of Habana (audiencia) general direction of finance, naval station, 
 arsenal, observatory, diocese of the bishopric, and the residence of 
 all the administrative heads of the island (civil, military, maritime, 
 judicial, and economical). 
 
 The cable companies are The International Ocean Telephone Com- 
 pany, from Habana to^lorida, in connection with the Western Union 
 of the United States and the Cuba Submarine Telephone Company 
 (limited) connecting Habana with Santiago and Cienfuegos. 
 
 The West India and Panama Telegraph Company has a cable con- 
 necting Habana with Santiago de Cuba, Jamaica, Porto Rico, and the 
 lesser Antilles. The Compagnie Fran^aise de Cables Sous Marins 
 connects Habana with Santiago, Haiti, Santo Domingo, Venezuela, 
 and Brazil. 
 
 It is rapidly becoming a favorite winter resort for Americans, who 
 find in the Cuban capital the combined pleasures of seashore and 
 city life. 
 
 The port of Habana is the most important of the island and one of 
 the foremost in the world. 
 
 There are numerous cigar and cigarette factories, tanneries, manu- 
 factories of sweetmeats, rum, candles, gas, beer, carriages, soap, per- 
 fumery, glycerin, etc. 
 
 Its principal exports to the United States consist of tobacco, fruit, 
 wax and honey, sugar, and molasses. 
 
 The Isle of Pines, with an area of 840 square miles, is a municipal 
 district of the Province of Habana. It is in effect two islands con- 
 nected b}^ a marsh, the northern being somewhat broken by hills; the 
 southern low, flat, and sandy. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 53 
 
 There are also worthy of mention Guanabacoa, one of the most 
 ancient towns of the island, Santa Maria del Rosario, Jaruco, San 
 Antonio de los Banos, Bejucal, Guines, Santiago de las Vegas, Mari- 
 anao, Managua, Guira, Batabano, Nueva Paz, and Aguacate. 
 
 PROVINCE OF MATANZAS. 
 
 The Province of Matanzas is bounded on the north by the Florida 
 Canal, on the south and east by the Province of Santa Clara, on the 
 west by the Caribbean Sea and the Province of Habana. 
 
 It is divided into five judicial districts, viz. North and South Matan- 
 zas, Cardenas, Alfonso XII, and Colon. 
 
 The Quaternary formations are found in the shape of narrow strips, 
 running along the north coast from the Bay of Matanzas to the limits 
 of Santa Clara Province and along, the south coast of the Province. 
 
 The lands of the Tertiary formation are situated on the west side of 
 Matanzas, running in said direction to the limits of Habana Province, 
 in the central and southern part of the Province to the Zapata swamps 
 and limits of Santa Clara. 
 
 The red soil of the municipalities of Jovellanos, Guira de Macuriges, 
 Cervantes (formerly Perico), Bolondron, and LaUnion are considered 
 of the very best kind for cultivating sugar cane, coffee, oranges,- 
 bananas, sweet potatoes, "name," "yuca," corn, etc. The soil of the 
 municipalities of Alacranes, Jague}^ Grande, Guanajayabo, and Guama- 
 caro are of argillo-arenose-calcareous humiferou^s composition, of dark 
 or brown color, in some instances rather humid, but of thick vegetable 
 coat. It is good for the cultivation of sugar cane. 
 
 The lands of the Secondary formations are situated in the central 
 highlands of this region, forming a zone running from the west of the 
 village of Colon nearly to the municipality of Union de Rej^es. 
 
 The igneous soils are located in the center of the Secondary zone, 
 forming narrow strips, which begin at Colon and end at Union de 
 Reyes. 
 
 The parts of this Province pertaining to the municipalities of Cimar- 
 rones and San Jose de los Ramos are extensively flooded during heavy 
 rainy seasons on account of the swelling of the rivers through or near 
 by said districts. 
 
 The principal products of the Province are sugar cane, alcohol, and 
 timber. 
 
 Matanzas has 40,000 inhabitants and is the capital of the Province 
 that bears its name, about 60 miles directly east of Habana. This city 
 has great commercial activity, and is noted for the beauty of its sur- 
 roundings, one of the most enchanting views being the celebrated 
 Valley of the Yumuri. It has also a pretty plaza, and good buildings, 
 the most notable being the Esteban Theater and the Citj Hall, and 
 there are also many others of a public and private nature. One of the 
 
54 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 city's great attractions are the Caves of Bellamar, containing most 
 beautiful stalactites and stalagmites. 
 
 The chief warehouses, distilleries, and sugar refineries are on the 
 south of the river San Juan, easil}^ accesible to railroads and lighters. 
 
 The principal industries are rum distilling, sugar refining, and the 
 manufacture of guaba jelly. There are railroad, car, and machine 
 shops. Sugar and molasses are sent to the United States, amounting 
 from 1891 to 1895 to 159,988,497. 
 
 The climate is fine and Matanzas is considered the healthiest city on 
 the island. 
 
 Cardenas, with 32,000 inhabitants, is also an important commercial 
 center, and occupies the third place in the value of its exports during 
 the last fiscal ye&v 1902-3. 
 
 Sugar is the chief article of export. The total exports to the United 
 States in the fiscal year 1895-96 were $2,920,905, of this sugar repre- 
 sented 11,872,626. About half of the imports are from the United 
 States. 
 
 The Cardenas and Jucaro Railway (Caminos de hierro de Cardenas y 
 Jucaro) with main line from Cardenas to Santa Clara. 
 
 Colon is on a branch of the Macagua Railroad. 
 
 This municipality has of late years made great efforts in the direc- 
 tion of educational advancement. It is in the heart of the sugar- 
 producing region. 
 
 PROVINCE OF SANTA CLARA. 
 
 The Province of Santa Clara is bounded on the north by the Channel 
 of Bahama, on the east by the Province of Camaguey, on the south by 
 the Sea of the Antilles, and on the west by the Province of Matanzas. 
 
 It is divided into six judicial districts, Santa Clara, Sagua la Grande, 
 Remedios, Cienfuegos, Trinidad, and Sancti Spiritus. 
 
 The soil of the Quaternary formation extends from the limits of 
 the Matanzas Province to the north of Sagua la Chica River on the 
 north coast, and to Cienfuegos on the south coast. 
 
 The lands of the Tertiary formation are found in the northern part 
 of the Province, from Sagua la Chica River to the limits of the Prov- 
 ince of Camaguey, forming a wide zone, extending westward to 
 the Province of Matanzas. In this zone are located, in part, the 
 municipalities of Yaguajay, Remedios, Taguayabon, Vueltas, Cama- 
 juani, and Sagua. On the south coast they form a narrow strip, 
 beginning at the port of Cienfuegos and ending in the Province 
 of Camaguey. This zone becomes wider in the central region of 
 the Province, occupying a considerable extent of land. The munici- 
 palities of Trinidad and Sancti Spiritus are situated in this zone. Soil 
 of the same formation, occupied by the municipalities of Cartagena 
 and Santa Isabela de las Lajas, can be found in the western portion of 
 the Province. 
 
\ 
 
TVAT 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 55 
 
 The lands of the Secondary period form two irregular bands joining 
 in the west. Lands of this formation, although occupying a small 
 area, can be found to the north of Cienfuegos port, in the place where 
 the municipality of San Fernando is situated. 
 
 Soil of the Primitive formation can be found on the east side of the 
 Arimao River, extending to the north slope of the Siguanea. The 
 renowned Manicaragua Vegas are located on this formation. 
 
 The principal products of the Province are sugar cane, tobacco, 
 cojffee, cocoa, corn, bananas, honey, wax, timber, alcohol, cattle, char- 
 coal, and bark and leaves for tanning. 
 
 Cienfuegos, having a fine harbor bearing the same name and of great 
 commercial activity, occupied the second place for its exports during 
 the last fiscal year. It is in latitude 22° 9' north and longitude 73° 50' 
 west, on a peninsula in the bay of Yagua, 6 miles from the sea. The 
 depth of water at the anchorage in the harbor is 27 feet, and at the 
 different wharves from 14 to 16 feet. 
 
 The commercial importance of the place was recognized some forty' 
 j^ears ago, and has increased with the development of the sugar 
 industr3\ This port is now the center of the sugar trade for the 
 south of the island. It is connected by rail with Habana and the 
 principal points on the north of the island. 
 
 Sugar and tobacco are exported to the United States, and soap and 
 ice are manufactured. 
 
 The city has a beautiful plaza and its streets are wide and straight; 
 its buildings are large and substantial and it is surrounded by a great 
 number of the finest sugar plantations on the island. 
 
 The climate from December until May is dry and moderately warm, 
 the temperature ranging from 60° to 78° during the day and falling 
 several degrees at night. At this season almost constant winds pre- 
 vail from the northeast or northwest, accomp^ied by clouds of dust. 
 For the rest of the year the temperature ranges from 75° to 93°, 
 descending a few degrees at night. 
 
 The population in 1899 was 30,038. 
 
 Santa Clara, 13,763 inhabitants, capital of the Province of the same 
 name, is situated in the center of the island and has railroad connection 
 with all the important cities. 
 
 Sagua la Grande, Caibarien, Remedios, Trinidad, Sancti Spiritus, 
 Cruces, Camajuani, Placetas, and Tunas de Zaza are important cities. 
 
 PROVINCE OF CAMAGUEY. 
 
 The Province of Camaguey is bounded on the north by the channel 
 of Bahama, on the east by the Province of Oriente, on the south by the 
 Antilles Sea, and on the west by the Province of Santa Clara. It has 
 three judicial districts, Camaguey North, Camaguey South, and 
 Moron. 
 
56 HANDBOOK OF CUBA, 
 
 Soil of the Quaternary period extends in a narrow strip in the 
 northern part of the Province and also on the south coast from the 
 port of Santa Cruz to Santiago de Cuba. Lands of this kind can be 
 found also at the mouth of the Santa Clara River. 
 
 Lands of the Tertiary formation form two parallel zones, one in the 
 north and the other in the south portion of the Province. The munici- 
 palities of Moron, Nuevitas, Ciego de Avila, and Santa Cruz are located 
 in said zones. 
 
 The principal products of the Province are cattle, sugar cane, wax, 
 honey, timber and hemp. 
 
 Camaguey, or Puerto Principe, has 25,102 inhabitants, and is the 
 capital of the Province of the same name. The city is connected with 
 the port of Nuevitas by railway and with all the other large cities of 
 the island by the new railroad that crosses the island through its cen- 
 ter, and is located in the heart of one of the wildest parts of the island, 
 distant 528i miles from Habana and 47 miles from the port of Nuevitas 
 •on the north, and about 50 from Santa Cruz on the south coast. It is 
 the seat of a court of appeal. 
 
 The manufacture of cigars is large; sugar, tobacco, wax, and honey 
 are important export articles. 
 
 Along the north coast exist three large isles known as Cayo Coco, 
 Cayo Romano and Guanaja, almost desert, though possessing rich soil. 
 They are inhabited .by fishermen, and the abundance of sea birds along 
 the coasts is extraordinary. 
 
 ' ' La Gloria, " the American colony d eveloped after peace was restored, 
 belongs to Camaguey Province. 
 
 Some of the cities are Nuevitas, Moron, Ciego de Avila, and Santa 
 Cruz. The first and last are situated by the sea. Cedar, mahogany, 
 honey, and wax are shipped to the United States to the annual value 
 of $300,000 to $400,000. 
 
 PROVINCE OF ORIENTE. 
 
 The Province of Oriente is bounded on the north b}^ the Atlantic 
 Ocean; on the east by El Paso de los Vientos, or Strait of Maisi, which 
 separates it from the island of Haiti or Santo Domingo; on the south 
 by the Straits of Colon, which separate it from Jamaica; on the west 
 by the Gulf of Guaycanaybo and the Province of Camaguey. 
 
 It has seven judicial districts: Norte de Cuba, Sur de Cuba, Man- 
 zanillo, Bayamo, Holguin, and Baracoa, the oldest city in the island, 
 and Guantanamo. 
 
 The soil of the Province of Oriente is of the Quaternary formation 
 in the northern part of the Province, extending to Mangle Point; in 
 the south it extends from Cape Cruz in a westerl}^ direction to the 
 limits of the Province of Camaguey and again from Puerto Escondido 
 to Cape Maisi. 
 
0^ 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 57 
 
 Lands of the Tertiary period exist all along the south coa-st except- 
 ing the portions from Puerto Escondido to Cape Maisi, which are, as 
 stated, of the Quaternary formation. The towns of Piedras, Jiguani, 
 Barajagua, and Mayari are situated on this kind of soil, as are also San 
 Pedro, San Marcos, and the municipality of Gibara. 
 
 Lands of the Secondary formation occupy the southern part of the 
 Province, from Cape Cruz to Guantanamo, and thence to the northeast 
 to the mountains of Toa. This is the richest mineral region in the 
 ProTince. 
 
 Lands of the Primitive formation are found only to the northeast 
 of the port of Manati, and in a limited district. 
 
 Igneous soil forms a wide zone embracing the municipalities of 
 Ba3^amo, Holguin, and Victoria de las Tunas; all the northern slope 
 of the. Sierra Maestra is also of the same kind of soil, being crossed by 
 strips of the Secondary formation. 
 
 The principal products of the Province are minerals, cotfee, sugar 
 cane, tobacco, cocoa, wax, honey, cocoanuts, bananas, and timber. 
 
 This Province contains the principal mountain ranges of Cuba. 
 Commencing at Cape Maisi the land rises in a series of irregular ter- 
 races of limestone rock until an elevation of about 1,500 feet is reached, 
 then gradually slopes upward, mingling with a series of irregular 
 mountains which extend from the north to the south coast. These 
 mountains are extremely precipitous and irregular, and are covered 
 with vegetation almost to the summits. They are fairly well supplied 
 with water by numerous small springs, but are so rough that no roads 
 have ever been constructed through them, and all traffic between the 
 north and south coast in the vicinity of Maisi, and for 80 miles to the 
 westward, has always been by trail. The mountains in this portion of 
 Cuba rise to an elevation of about 4,000 feet. Seventy miles from Cape 
 Maisi, on the south coast, the country flattens out and the mountains 
 recede from the ocean, leaving a large and comparatively level plain, 
 indented by a deep, irregular harbor, furnishing excellent anchorage 
 for any amount of shipping. This plain is known as the Guantanamo 
 Valley, and the harbor is the harbor of Guantanamo. The Guanta- 
 namo River is a stream of considerable size and navigable for light- 
 draft boats for about 6 miles. It drains the mountains and country 
 adjacent to the valley. The valley of Guantanamo is extremely fertile, 
 and contains some of the largest and best sugar plantations in Cuba. 
 Between Guantanamo and Cape Maisi, on the south coast, there are no 
 settlements to speak of — now and then fishermen's huts perched on the 
 precipitous sides of the mountains near the ocean. On the north coast, 
 about half a mile from the cape, is " Cape Maisi Light," a light of the 
 first class. 
 
 The coast of Oriente Province, west of Guantanamo, is extremely 
 rough and mountainous. The mountains here reach an altitude of 
 
58 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 5,500 feet and extend down to the sea. Between Guantanamo and 
 Santiago the remains of an old wagon road are seen, but it is out of 
 repair and extremely rough and dangerous to pass over, i^t a point 
 about 25 miles west of Guantanamo the mountains commence to bend 
 back from the seacoast, leaving near the sea one or two ranges of 
 comparativelv low foothills. In the second row of these foothills are 
 situated the large iron mines of the Juragua and Spanish- A-merican 
 iron companies. The first settlement on the coast between Guanta- 
 namo and Santiago is Daiquiri. The Spanish -American Company's iron 
 mines are situated about 6 miles back from Daiquiri, at an elevation 
 of nearly 700 feet above the sea. A broad-gauge railroad connects 
 these mines with the ocean, where a large pier with extensive ore bins 
 has been constructed. The output of these mines is increasing, and 
 there seems to be comparatively no end to the ore in sight. 
 
 Eight and a half miles farther to the westwa^'d is the village of 
 Siboney. Running along the seacoast is a narrow-gauge railroad 
 belonging to the Juragua Iron Company, whose mines are situated 
 back of Siboney, and, like those of the Spanish- American Company, 
 about 6 miles from the seacoast. The output of this cpmpan}^ is large. 
 From Siboney to Santiago there is a wagon road passing through a 
 rather low, swampy vallej^, in which were formerly some rather large 
 sugar plantations. Along the sides of the mountains are the sites of 
 many old coffee plantations. As we approach Santiago the moun- 
 tains recede farther and farther from the coast, leaving another 
 large, irregular valley covered with rolling hills, in which are situated 
 the city of Santiago, the villages of Caney, Cubitas, Dos Bocas, Boni- 
 ato, and Cobre. A large portion of this valley was formerly under 
 cultivation, the largest plantations being sugar. The hills were cov- 
 ered in former times with coffee plantations, owned and controlled 
 largely by Frenchmen, refugees from Haiti. 
 
 Santiago is a city of about 13,000 people, founded in 1514:. It is 
 situated on a limestone hill, 160 feet high, and is at the northeast 
 extremit}'^ of the harbor. The harbor is about 4^ miles long, and 
 varies from a few hundred yards to a mile and a half in width. It has 
 sufficient water for the largest ships up to a point within half a mile 
 of the present wharves. It is completely landlocked and furnishes 
 an absolutely safe harbor. At Cobre are located large copper mines, 
 which formerl}^ were famous for their large output ot high-grade 
 copper ore. Santiago is connected with the interior by a standard 
 gauge railroad, running through a pass in the mountains to San Luis, 
 and sending a branch off to the north and eastward to the old Saba- 
 nilla plantation. The entire line consists of about 45 miles of road. 
 The pass through which it reaches the interior is about the only avail- 
 able one for a railroad, a fact which gives this road considerable 
 importance; this line forms part to-day of the road from Santiago to 
 
THE SURRENDER TREE NEAR SAN JUAN HILL. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 59 
 
 Santa Clara. Tlie mountains around Santiago form almost a contin- 
 uous rim. On the east the Sierra Maestre rises to an altitude of 
 5,600 feet. This gradually slopes down to an almost even ridge of 
 grass-covered hills or small mountains, varying in height from 1,000 
 to 1,800 feet, and rising again on the west to a height of nearly 
 6,000 feet. The effect is very pleasing, and the bay and the city 
 appear to be completely hemmed in by the mountains. Passing over 
 the lower part of the encircling range are the remains of several old 
 roads leading to the interior, which must have been built with great 
 labor and expense. These were constructed, some of them, over two 
 hundred 3^ears ago, but for the last fifty or sixty j^ears have been 
 allowed to fall into almost complete ruin. One of them, the Camino 
 de-la Isla, or Island road, formerly ran from Santiago to Habana. 
 
 After passing over the low rim of mountains directly back of the 
 city, the traveler finds himself on the edge of the great central plateau 
 of this portion of Cuba. To the eastward the plateau sweeps around 
 the coast range of mountains connecting with the head of the Guanta- 
 namo Valley, gradually losing itself in the foothills of the mountains, 
 which cover the whole breadth of the eastern portion of the island. 
 To the northward it runs for nearly a hundred miles in an almost 
 unbroken succession of wonderfully rich tracts of agricultural land, 
 with here and there a high range of hills. It is well watered b}^ numer- 
 ous streams, and presents almost limitless possibilities in the way of 
 cultivation and development. Throughout the center of this great 
 plateau are still found large forests of mahogany and cedar, as well as 
 other valuable woods. 
 
 To the westward this valley swings around the coast range of moun- 
 tains and joins the great valle}^ extending from Bayamo to Manzanillo, 
 and to the north and west it connects with the level rolling country of 
 Camagiiey. 
 
 Returning to the seacoast, west of Santiago, we find the mountains 
 rising to the height of over 7,000 feet and extending down to the water's 
 edge. In fact, from Maisi to Cape Cruz the mountains at most points 
 rise from the sea, which is to all intents and purposes fathomless, and 
 anchorages are few and far between. There are numerous small har- 
 bors, none of them practicable for large ships, between Santiago and 
 Cape Cruz, which is about 118 miles to the westward. At Cape Cruz 
 the coast bends sharply to the northward and the mountains fall back 
 from the sea. This is the commencement of the great valley or plain 
 of Manzanillo, which extends from the mountains on the east to the 
 Cauto River on the west and north, and rims inland, becoming merged 
 in the great central plateau of the island, 
 
 Manzanillo is situated at the head of the Bay or Gulf of Manzanillo 
 on the border of a great level and extremel}^ fertile plain, in which are 
 some of the finest sugar plantations in Cuba. Years ago a railroad 
 
60 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 was projected and a small portion of it built from Manzanillo toward 
 Ba3^amo, but for some reason the project was abandoned. The con- 
 struction of this railroad will be of the greatest benefit to the country. 
 From Manzanillo to Bayamo the country is a level plain of great width 
 and wonderful richness. It will compare advantageously with the 
 richest adobe soil of southern California. The greatest needs here are 
 good wagon roads and a railroad, for, while this plain is easily trav- 
 ersed in dry weather, it becomes literally impassable after a few heavy 
 rains. All this magnificent country is practically undeveloped. Its 
 extreme fertility and richness can only be appreciated by those who 
 have ridden over it. It is comparatively well watered, and is bound 
 in the future to become the source of great wealth and prosperity. 
 On the west, and sweeping completely around the head of this valley, 
 is the Cauto River, the largest of all the Cuban rivers, and navigable 
 for light-draft vessels for 60 miles from its mouth. At the head of 
 the valley where it joins the table-land is situated the old town of 
 Ba3^amo, a picturesque old place, now largely in ruins. It was destroyed 
 during the Ten Years' War to prevent its capture bj'^ the Spaniards. 
 Twent}^ miles beyond is the old town of Jiguani. Years ago about 
 these towns were almost countless herds of cattle and horses, but these 
 entirely disappeared during the Ten Years' War, onl}^ to again recover 
 their old importance since the advent of the Republic. From Bayamo 
 to the north coast we have a beautiful i-olling country, broken by 
 great forests of timber such as are found north of Santiago. Return- 
 ing to the north coast, and starting westward from Baracoa, we find 
 the coast still loft}^ and mountainous. 
 
 Baracoa, which is 20 miles to the west of Cape Maisi, is the oldest 
 settlement in Cuba, and was founded in 1512 by Velasquez. The 
 harbor is small and comparatively shallow. The countr}?- is rough 
 and mountainous, but extremely picturesque and beautiful. The 
 principal industry is the cultivation of cocoanuts and bananas; some 
 tobacco is grown, although this is limited in amount. The natives of 
 Baracoa are very skillful in manufacturing articles from tortoise 
 shell. 
 
 The first harbor of importance west of Baracoa is the Bay of Nipe. 
 This is probably one of the finest harbors in the world. The entrance 
 is narrow but deep (nearly 10 fathoms on the bar), with high cliffs on 
 either side. Suddenly one emerges into what seems almost like an 
 inland sea. This magnificent harbor is about 15 miles long and 8 or 9 
 miles wide. It is completel}^ sheltered from the ocean by a high 
 range of hills, which shut it off entirel}^ from view. Flowing into it 
 are two comparatively large streams, the large one known as the 
 Mayari River. This river is navigable for boats and scows for about 
 15 miles, up to the town of Mayari. About Mayari are some of the 
 best tobacco lands in Cuba; also large forests of hard wood. The 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 61 
 
 country is wonderfully fertile, and presents great opportunities for 
 the enterprising agriculturist and investor. Almost any kind of fruit 
 can be grown here in the greatest abundance. Commencing at the 
 Bay of Nipe the mountains recede from the ocean and practically come 
 to an end, so far as their extension westward is concerned. They 
 swing south and gradually merge into the central plain. The country 
 about Nipe and farther on to the border of Camagiiey is low and 
 rolling, and in former times was the seat of great tobacco and sugar 
 plantations, as well as the cultivation of bananas. 
 
 The next port westward of Nipe is Banes — another excellent harbor, 
 much like Nipe, but smaller and difficult to enter on account of strong 
 currents. The entrance is deep, narrow, and bordered by high cliffs, 
 and is known as the Canyon of Banes. This entrance is about 3 miles 
 long, and suddenly merges into the beautiful harbor. The vicinity of 
 Banes is one of the greatest banana-producing districts in Cuba, and 
 it is not unusual to load a steamer a day with this fruit. 
 
 The land all about this ba}^ is very much like that about the Bay of 
 . Nipe. It is wonderfully rich and will grow, generally speaking, any- 
 thing which can be grown in the Tropics. From Banes a standard- 
 gauge railroad runs up to the plantations. 
 
 About 6 miles from the port is the little town of Banes. This town, 
 like most others in this section of Cuba, was almost entirely destroyed 
 during the war, but is now built up. All this section presents splendid 
 opportunities for investment. 
 
 Still farther to the westward we come to the harbor of Vita, with its 
 deep, narrow entrance, like all the eastern harbors of Cuba. Once 
 inside one tinds an absolutely quiet, landlocked harbor, at the head of 
 which is situated the terminus of the Santa Lucia Railroad and the 
 large warehouse and storehouses of the great Santa Lucia sugar plan- 
 tation. A standard-gauge railroad runs from the dock to the planta- 
 tion and to its various cane fields. This estate has on it some 25 or 30 
 miles of railroad, and has within its limits 110,000 acres of land, many 
 thousand of which are under sugar-cane cultivation. In the town of 
 Santa Lucia, situated near the great central mill, are over 3,000 inhab- 
 itants, made up entirely of the employees of the estate and their fami- 
 lies. It is quite worth a trip to Cuba to go over this sugar plantation 
 and study the scientific methods employed. 
 
 Still farther to the westward is the old town of Gibara. The harbor 
 of Gibara is of fair size. On the town side the depth of water is not 
 sufficient for large ships, and all cargoes have to be discharged by 
 lightering. The town is a quaint and picturesque old Spanish town, 
 entirely inclosed by a wall, along which are scattered masonrj^ block- 
 houses. This town, or port, has been for years the port of entry for 
 all the northern portion of the Province of Oriente. 
 
62 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Twenty miles in the interior is situated the old town of Holguin, 
 connected with Gibara by a narrow-gauge road in good condition and 
 repair. Gibara has always been largely commercial. Holguin, on 
 the contrary, in the midst of an agricultural and grazing country, is 
 dependent on these industries for its resources. About Holguin, as 
 elsewhere in the Province, there is evidence of an extensive ruin and 
 destruction wrought b}^ the wars, and here, also, the cattle and agri- 
 cultural industries are but now recovering. The town is situated in a 
 rolling, barren country, reminding one very much of certain sections 
 in New Mexico. In former times small amounts of gold were washed 
 in the streams near Holguin, and now and then reports are circulated 
 relating to the rediscoveries of old placer mines. Holguin is con- 
 nected with Bayamo by a passable road. 
 
 Passing westward from Gibara, the next port of importance is 
 Puerto Padre. Here we have another of those magnificent Cuban 
 harbors, with its deep narrow entrance and extensive inner harbor. 
 Puerto Padre is at the head of the harbor and is a small and compara- 
 tively prosperous village. The country back of Puerto Padre is low 
 and rolling and has several large sugar plantations. Central Chaparra, 
 one of the largest sugar plantations of (Xiba, has recently been erected 
 in this neighborhood, employing over 4,000 laborers of all kinds. 
 
 About 40 miles inland is the old town of Victoria de las Tunas. 
 This town was practically destroyed during the recent war. The 
 country all through this section is low and rolling and suitable for 
 either grazing or agriculture. 
 
 Taken as a whole the Province of Oriente presents wonderful oppor- 
 tunities for industrious Americans. The country is healthy. Sun- 
 stroke is unknown; heat prostration is rare. It is necessary to avoid 
 working in the middle of the da}^, especially during the first year or 
 two of one's residence on the island. 
 
 Along the northern coast of the Province rain falls every month in 
 the year, although the same general conditions apply there as on the 
 south coast — that is, the rainy season commences in the latter part of 
 April or early May, and it is indicated bj- an occasional heavy rain at 
 rather long intervals. In June there is temporary cessation in the 
 rainfall, and in July the real rainy season commences and almost daily 
 rains can be expected until the latter part of August or middle of Sep- 
 tember. These rains are not long continued, but are shai'p and sudden, 
 followed by a fair sky and sunshine. They may occur only once a day 
 or possibly several times. On the south coast the late fall, winter, and 
 spring months are practically without rain. The real rainy season 
 commences at the same time as on the north coast and has the 
 same duration. The rainfall in the interior during the rainy season is 
 much more heav,y and constant than on either coast and pours in tor- 
 rents. On the seacoast the rains are unusually short and sharp. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA, 63 
 
 The general character of the soil in the extreme eastern end of the 
 Province is rocky and barren, except in the narrower valleys between 
 the mountains, where it is extremely rich but very limited in extent. 
 Farther westward we enter upon the rich plains of Guantanarao, Man- 
 zanillo, Bayamo, etc. ; we find a rich adobe soil of great depth and of 
 almost inexhaustible richness. Through the interior of the island this 
 same characteristic obtains, only now and then do we find the clay or 
 loam cropping out. Generally speaking, it can be said that all com- 
 paratively level tracts of land are highly fertile. As to the products 
 of the soil, almost all vegetables grow rapidly and quickly, but lose 
 flavor unless fresh seeds are brought in every two or three years. 
 The tropical fruits all grow in the greatest abundance — especially is 
 this true of the different kind of bananas. Cocoanuts grow in the 
 greatest abundance, also figs, although no attention is paid to their 
 cultivation. Limes and lemons grow wild, as do many tropical fruits 
 unknown to us, such as the nispero, anoncillo, sapote, mamey, plan- 
 tain, guanabana, caimito, anon, pineapple, and oranges; also the much 
 abused mango in unlimited quantities. Ordinary "garden truck" 
 grows with great rapidity and is of good quality, but like the vege- 
 tables and seeds should be changed frequently. Oranges of excellent 
 quality grow wild. 
 
 There is every reason to believe that the very best quality of 
 oranges can be grown here, and that there is a great future for the 
 orange industry. Excellent tobacco is also grown all about the Bay 
 of Nipe and along the Mayari Eiver. This tobacco is rated second 
 only to the best Pinar del Rio tobacco. Sugar, of course, had been 
 for many years the principal product of the soil. The larger sugar 
 estates are at Guaatanamo, at San Luis and vicinity on the plateau 
 back of Santiago, at Manzanillo, and along the north coast of Vita and 
 Puerto Padre, etc. At these large plantations are found modern 
 machinery and appliances, and the development of the sugar industiy 
 is carried on upon a strictly scientific basis. The land is largely loaned 
 to the workingmen, who agree to turn in the cane at the "central" or 
 mill of the owner of the land. He pays them not by the g^ross weight 
 of the cane, but in accordance with the percentage of sugar the cane 
 produces. This is an incentive, of course, to produce the very best 
 kind of cane. All through the extreme eastern part of the island, 
 along the mountain ranges and' hillsides, are the remains of almost 
 numberless coffee plantations. This was formerly a great industry in 
 eastern Cuba, but like almost everything else it was totally destroyed 
 by the Ten Years' War and the recent war. These plantations were 
 principally established by French refugees from Haiti, who came to 
 Cuba after the rising of the negroes against their French masters. 
 These coffee plantations were a great source of revenue to their 
 owners and to the State for many years. The coffee grown was of 
 
64 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 excellent quality and, like the best grades of the present Porto Rican 
 coffee, commanded very high prices in the markets of Europe. The 
 cocoa was also grown extensively bj'^ these same Frenchmen, cocoa and 
 coffee bushes being cultivated together, the former furnishing the 
 necessary shade for the latter. All over the mountains one finds the 
 ruins of coffee plantations and all through the valleys the ruins of 
 sugar plantations. 
 
 The Province of Oriente includes the richest mineral region in the 
 island of Cuba. The deposits of iron, copper, and manganese have 
 long been known and have been extensively and successfully worked. 
 In addition to the minerals mentioned there are found zinc and lead. 
 
 The deposits of copper in the vicinity of Cobre were formerly 
 worked with great success, but for many years nothing has been pro- 
 duced from them. 
 
 The iron mines near Daiquiri and Jaragua have been successfully 
 producing for several years and continue to be worked. Considerable 
 deposits of manganese exist in the neighborhood of Songo and Socorro 
 and are profitably worked now. 
 
 The deposits of zinc, lead, and other ores have not been exploited. 
 Coal of poor quality exists in small deposits. Evidences of petroleum 
 have been found in the western part of the Province, near the south 
 coast. Asphaltic rock, believed to be suitable for paving and similar 
 purposes, has been found but has never been utilized. Gold was for- 
 merly produced in small quantities, but no paying deposits are now 
 known to exist. 
 
 Santiago de Cuba, the capital of the Province, has a fine harbor, 
 beautiful drives, and rich mines of iron, copper, and manganese in its 
 immediate neighborhood. ' 
 
 There are a number of tobacco factories, but the chief business is the 
 exportation of raw materials, and the importation of manufactured 
 goods and provisions. Sugar, iron ore, manganese, copper, coffee, 
 cocoa, fruits, and timber are the principal products. 
 
 The city is full of historical interest; the battles of San Juan and 
 Caney, the»peace tree, and the remains of the Spanish squadron, de- 
 stroyed outside of the harbor of Santiago, have made it a most inter- 
 esting place to visit for Americans. 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 REVIEW OF THE AGRICULTURAL WEALTH— LANDS, THEIR CLAS- 
 SIFICATION AND VALUE IN THE DIFFERENT PROVINCES- 
 FACILITIES FOR OBTAINING GOVERNMENT LANDS; LAWS 
 GOVERNING SAME- FOREST AND PRODUCTS— PRINCIPAL 
 PRODUCTS; THEIR CULTIVATION, USE, AND DISPOSITION- 
 PLANTS CULTIVATED— TRUCK GARDENS— SIZE OF FARMS AND 
 ACREAGE OF CROPS— FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. 
 
 REVIEW OF THE AGRICULTURAL WEALTH. 
 
 Cuba is essentially an agricultural country, and prior to the last war 
 there were nearl}^ a hundred thousand (90,960) plantations, farms, 
 orchards, and cattle ranges, valued at 220,000,000 pesos ($200,000,000). 
 Of manufactories there were practically none, if we except the cigar 
 factories and the sugar mills producing raw sugar, molasses, and rum. 
 
 In early colonial days the principal industry was cattle raising, very 
 little attention being paid to agriculture for two hundred and fifty 
 years after the settlement of the island. The chief agricultural prod- 
 ucts of Cuba are sugar, tobacco, and fruit, and the cultivation of 
 oranges for exportation has of late augmented. Very little more cof- 
 fee is cultivated than is required for home consumption, although it 
 was once a promising industry. The soil and climate of the eastern 
 Provinces are well adapted to the growth of the coffee berry, and it is 
 said to equal in flavor the best coffee of the West India Islands. No 
 doubt coffee culture will again be revived and extensively developed, 
 and we may expect to see in Cuba a revival of the once famous 
 "cafetales," or coffee plantations. 
 
 Fruits and vegetables of all kinds are being exported in large quan- 
 tities, especially pineaples, cocoanuts, bananas, potatoes, tomatoes, etc. 
 The Cuban potato, hitherto unknown to the world, has made its 
 appearance in the United States markets during the last few years, 
 and is already a dreaded rival of the once famous Bermuda tuber. 
 
 The fact that frost is unknown in Cuba, which greatly diminishes 
 the dangers to the crops, and the unquestionable excellence of the 
 Cuban fruits and vegetables,, are all-powerful factors, which will 
 no doubt contribute toward the spreading of the Cuban fruit and 
 vegetable trade. 
 
 159a— 05 5 65 
 
66 HANDBOOK OE^ CUBA. 
 
 The island of Cuba can not be divided properly into agricultural 
 zones or sections, as is the case on the continents, principally Europe, 
 not only on account of the comparatively small area of its territory, 
 but above all, due to the uniformity of its climate, the nature of its 
 soil, and many other causes that have an influence on vegetable life; 
 therefore it is not possible to assign a special region to cane or another 
 to tobacco, for, although the jQnest tobacco leaf is confined to limited 
 localities in Pinar del Rio, this plant as well as sugar cane is cultivated 
 all over the island with more or less success. 
 
 LANDS. 
 
 CLASSIFICATION AND VALUE. 
 
 The cultivable lands of Cuba contain all the elements necessary 
 for the richest and most varied vegetation, and are classified by the 
 natives according to their composition, color and aspect, as red, black, 
 mulatto (a mixture of both colors), and white clayey (a calcareous 
 whitish clay) ; the red earth is subdivided by the natives into rocky 
 and dusty ; but soil, according to its composition, may be devided into 
 four difierent classes, siliceous, clayey, calcareous, and alluvial. 
 
 The black, red, and mulatto lands are the best for all kinds of plant- 
 ing, the sandy soil of certain localities being preferred for tobacco, as 
 it produces the finest and most aromatic leaf. 
 
 The value of land depends upon many and varied circumstances, 
 the principal being its proximity to settled portions of the country, 
 the facilities for communication and transportation, the class of 
 products to which it can be devoted, nature of the soil and altitude, 
 whether well watered or not, and lastly the quantity of land desired; 
 hence values can not be considered except as approximate. However, 
 taking as a basis tracts of less than 8 or 10 caballerias (a caballeria is 
 equal to 33.16 acres or 13.42 hectares) and under the conditions set 
 forth, it can be safely stated that in the Province of Pinar del Rio 
 there are lands worth $200 a caballeria; but when it is desired to pur- 
 chase a portion of its celebrated "vegas" or tobacco farms, a high 
 price must be paid. The value of lands in Habana Province is 
 between $400 and $2,000 the caballeria, but those situated in the 
 municipal districts of Giiines, many of which are irrigated, of course 
 obtain still higher prices. 
 
 Lands in Santa Clara and Matanzas Provinces vary from $300 to 
 a caballeria, and in Camagiiey and Oriente between $100 and 
 If large tracts are purchased these prices fall sometimes to 
 less than $100 a caballeria. 
 
 The wooded lands of the Republic of Cuba comprise a considerable 
 area, and can be calculated approximate!}^ at 109,422 caballerias, or 
 1,468,443 hectares, 3,628,433.52 acres, of which 13 per cent are found 
 in Pinar del Rio Province, 3 per cent in Habana, 3 per cent in Matan- 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 67 
 
 zas, 12,5 per cent in Santa Clara, 34 per cent in Camagiiey and 34.5 
 per cent in Oriente. 
 
 These wooded lands, many of them unexplored forests, contain tim- 
 ber of all kinds, valuable for building- purposes, the bark for tanning, 
 the fibers for the rope industry, and the gum or resin for commercial 
 uses. There are also fruit trees and others producing seeds used for 
 the manufacture of oil. 
 
 In the above are included about 496,540 hectares (1,226,950.34 acres), 
 33.82 per cent of the total area, considered as public forest lands, 
 which formerly were not subject to sale or rent; but according to a 
 recent law, passed Januarj^^ 30 of the present year, the President of 
 the Republic has been empowered to sell at public auction waste and 
 unsettled lands belonging to the Government not used by the same 
 and inscribed in the public registers as Government property. In 
 payment of these lands the certificates of warrants issued according to 
 the law of July 24, 1903, to the soldiers of the war for independence, 
 will be accepted. 
 
 The lands above referred to are divided as follows among the 
 Provinces: 
 
 Hectares. Acres. 
 
 Oriente 210,200=519,204.2 
 
 Camaguey (Puerto Principe) 35,680= 88,165.20 
 
 Santa Clara 124,660=308,034.80 
 
 Matanzas <- 46, 000=113, 666. 00 
 
 Habana 20, 000= 49, 420. 00 
 
 Pinar del Rio 60, 000=148, 260. 00 
 
 A portion of these forest lands is under the jurisdiction of the 
 department of agriculture, and has not been surveyed, and a portion 
 under the department of finance. Parts of these lands have been 
 rented and others have been disposed of in the form of grants, the 
 Government holding an unlimited mortgage or "censo," with interest 
 at 5 per cent per annum, upon the value fixed for said lands. 
 
 The income derived from the exploitation by private parties of forest 
 rights and privileges granted by the Government was, during the last 
 fiscal year, |3,478.20, as against $297.50 the preceding year. The 
 former consisted mainly in the extraction of lumber, principally 
 mahogany and cedar, firewood and charcoal, and barks for tanning 
 purposes. 
 
 The average price obtained for lumber varies according to the kind 
 of wood, the principal being mahogany and cedar, worth, say, $27 to 
 $100 and $25 to $50 per 100 feet, respectively, according to the grade 
 and Province where the sale is made. Jucaro and Yaba are worth $7 
 per 100 feet; Ayua, $15 per 100 feet; Granadillo, Yamaguey, and Cerilla, 
 $25 to $30 a ton. 
 
 The quintal (100 pounds) of mangrove leaves is paid at from 25 cents 
 to $1.18, and the bark from 79 cents to $1.41. 
 
68 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 SYSTEM OF CULTIVATION. 
 
 In Cuba, as in every new country, where there are extensive tracts 
 of unexplored lands, the system of planting over an extended area 
 prevails. The first plantings are made on cleared lands. The timber 
 from these clearings is used for fuel or charcoal. The fields are 
 burned during the dry season, leaving a layer of ashes or mineral 
 substances on the ground. 
 
 When the rainy season sets in and the ground has received sufi&cient 
 moisture to favor the germination of plants, holes are made with the 
 "jan" (a pointed instrument of native construction made- of hard 
 wood), or with a spade, and in the holes are placed a piece of cane, an 
 offshoot of the banana, a tuber of the yucca, a sweet-potato vine, a 
 part of a potato, grains of corn, etc. ; in other words, whatever plant 
 it is desired to cultivate. 
 
 In this manner the crops are obtained, their number varying 
 according to the natural fertility of the soil and the requirements of 
 the plant that has been set out. The soil naturally grows less pro- 
 ductive as the elements taken from it by the crops are not returned 
 to it; and after a time it is necessary to plow it, in order that its pro- 
 ductive elements may be again in condition to be assimilated. But 
 when these elements have been consumed by a series of crops the soil 
 will become unproductive or " tired," as the natives call it, and it 
 becomes necessary to return to the earth its strength by the use of 
 fertilizers, or to abandon its cultivation. The latter is the course gen- 
 rally pursued, and another clearing is made in the forest and the same 
 system gone over again. This has been properly called by the great 
 agriculturist Liebig " a system of cultivation by expoliation," because 
 it contributes to the living of the present at the expense of future 
 generations. The fact is that in the island of Cuba, a country thinly 
 populated and with great tracts of uncultivated territory, there is a 
 total want of proportion between the three factors of agricultural 
 production — an extensive territor}^, with a small amount of capital and 
 labor — and it is only logical that the area cultivated is very much 
 extended with corresponding dissemination of the remaining elements, 
 obtaining the smallest results. 
 
 For this condition of affairs to change it is necessary to do every- 
 thing possible to increase the population of the island and that agri- 
 cultural experiment stations be established where investigations can 
 be made for the purpose of arriving at a perfect knowledge of its ter- 
 ritory, its adaptability to agriculture, and of the systems to be applied 
 for the improvement of the plants at present under cultivation; and 
 only in this way will the island of Cuba modify its present extensive 
 system of planting changing to an intensive S3- stem by which the max- 
 imum amount of production can be obtained from the minimum area 
 cultivated. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 69 
 
 The Government with a view to contributing to these results, and 
 finding that the industrial school which had been established at San- 
 tiago de las Vegas did not fill any practical end as such, or considered 
 as a charitable institution, proposed to the Cuban Congress in Novem- 
 ber, 1903, to transform the school into an agricultural experiment 
 station, and for that purpose an appropriation of $75,000 was made in 
 the budget approved in January of last year. This useful plan 
 is now being carried into effect under the able management of 
 Mr. Frank S. Earle, agricultural expert attached to the Department 
 of Agriculture of the United States, who has been engaged to organ- 
 ize, direct, and manage the Cuban agricultural experiment station. 
 For the present it is proposed to divide the work into six departments, 
 as follows: General agriculture, animal industry, including veterinary 
 science, horticulture, biolog}^, a study of the chemical and ph3^sical 
 conditions of the soil, botany, and vegetable patholog}'-, including 
 entomology. 
 
 This first station once established and in running order, its success 
 will show the advisability of creating others, especially in those sec- 
 tions of the countr}^ adapted to the production of certain kinds of 
 plants, and these in turn will operate as auxiliaries to the central sta- 
 tion at Santiago de las Vegas. 
 
 CULTIVATION IN THE PROVINCES. 
 
 Toward the western and southern portions of the Province of 
 Habana, in the municipal districts of Alquizar and Guira de Helena, 
 may be found red lands where excellent tobacco, known as "partido" 
 (tobacco cultivated outside of the tobacco zone proper), is raised, as 
 well as coffee, bananas, and oranges. Toward the eastern and cen- 
 tral portions of the same Province in Guines, Helena del Sur, Nueva 
 Paz, and San Nicolas, exist lands of black earth that give a very good 
 qualit}^ of cane. Irrigation is practiced upon a small scale in Guines; 
 and vegetables, greens, potatoes, and onions are raised in abundance, 
 supplying Habana's market with the last two named during the season 
 when they can not be imported. 
 
 The municipalities of Jovellanos, Corral Falso, Perico, Bolondron, 
 and Union de Reyes, possess red lands of a very good quality suitable 
 for the cultivation of sugar cane, coffee, oranges, bananas, and vegeta- 
 bles. In Alacranes, Jaguey Grande, Haximo Gomez, and Limonar 
 may be found lands with clayey— siliceous, chalk}^ — damp, black, or 
 mulatto soils, quite deep and suitable for cane, with the exception of 
 a few that are somewhat damp or moist. 
 
 Great floods occur at times at Carlos Rojas and San Jose de los 
 Ramos during years of heavy rains, owing to the risings of the rivers 
 that cross that region, many of which are subterranean. 
 
 In conclusion, the principal products of Hatanzas Province are 
 sugar, alcohol, and -several kinds of building woods. 
 
70 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 The Tertiary lands of Pinar del Rio Province, which are composed 
 of a siliceous-clayey-chalky-damp soil, are considered the best for 
 the- cultivation of tobacco, particularly in the southern portion, where 
 the most famous tobacco plantations are situated. 
 
 The Secondary lands are of poor quality, only some coffee being 
 cultivated thereon and are used mostly for stock raising. 
 
 The principal products of the Province of Santa Clara are sugar 
 cane, tobacco, corn, bananas, honey, beeswax, and alcohol. 
 
 Cattle breeding constitutes the principal source of wealth of Cama- 
 giiey, although sugar cane is cultivated, as well as hemp. Some 
 attention is paid to bee culture. 
 
 The principal products of the Province of Oriente are coffee, cocoa, 
 and sugar cane, excepting various large tracts in the Baracoa districts, 
 which are devoted to the cultivation of bananas for export to the 
 United States. 
 
 SALE OF RURAL PROPERTY. 
 
 If title to the property is clear and it is presented according to law, 
 any encumbrance said property may have must be certified to by the 
 recorder of deeds where the farm is registered; with this proof in 
 hand, the deed is issued before a notary public, canceling the mort- 
 gages if desired or acknowledging them in the property bought and 
 sold. The deed is then presented in the treasury for the payment of 
 the fees for transferring the property, and it is then taken to the 
 recorder of deeds for reference. 
 
 The fiscal fee is 1 per cent on the amount of the sale. The notary's 
 fee for acknowledging the deed amounts to |8 per $1,000, and that for 
 recording same varies according to the value of the estate, subject to 
 the tariff annexed to the mortgage law in force at the time. 
 
 In addition to the above charges the only items of expense to be 
 paid are those occasioned upon the issuance of the certificate by the 
 recorder of deeds, required before the deed is made out in order to 
 ascertain whether it is encumbered or not. The fee charged for this 
 instrument is also mentioned in the tariff and depends upon the number 
 of entries that are to be searched by the recorder. 
 
 The proceedings above set forth are those generally followed in 
 transactions in buying and selling rural lands already-surveyed and 
 marked out, as are almost all existing in the Provinces of Habana, 
 Matanzas, and Pinar del Rio; but there are a great many in the Prov- 
 inces of Oriente, Camaguey, and Santa Clara known as "haciendas 
 comuneras" (property held in common) that, inasmuch as they lack as 
 yet demarcation, and belong jointly to several owners in proportion 
 to the amount of capital recognized in each in the property, can only 
 be acquired through other and more complicated proceedings requiring 
 the advice jf persons well versed in the matter. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 71 
 
 PUBLIC LANDS. 
 
 The following statement shows the extent of the public lands, 
 including forests: 
 
 Province. 
 
 Area. 
 
 Oriente 
 
 Hectares. 
 
 175,200 
 
 2, 586 
 
 9,181 
 
 Acres. 
 432, 744 
 6,387 
 22, 677 
 
 CarQaRiiey 
 
 Santa Clara 
 
 Matanzas 
 
 Habana 
 
 
 
 Pinar del Rio ----- - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 186, 967 
 
 461 808 
 
 
 
 CONDITION. 
 
 In regard to the condition in which these public lands are, it must 
 be stated that the limits or boundaries are not fixed, and in consequence 
 they have not been entered in the registry of property (registro de la 
 propiedad). 
 
 These lands are covered with forests, and as most of them are 
 situated in the interior of the island no availments can be made owing 
 to the absence of roads. Some of the public lands under the care of 
 the department of finance are rented and other portions have been 
 ceded to private parties in consideration of an annual tribute of 5 per 
 cent of the value assigned to each caballeria (33 acres). 
 
 OLD CONCESSIONS. 
 
 When Spain took possession of the island of Cuba large portions of 
 lands were ceded to the Spanish settlers with the object of promoting 
 the breeding of cattle of every kind. These concessions were called 
 "mercedes" and were granted by the municipalities from the year 
 1550 to 1729, when further grants were prohibited. At first the 
 geometric form and the surface of the lands ceded were unknown, the 
 word "sabana" being used to express the concession of the land 
 granted for breeding large cattle, and the word "sitio" for those 
 granted for breeding swine and other minor cattle. 
 
 In 1579 it was agreed to fix the boundaries of these lands, and the 
 circular form was adopted, allowing a radius of 1 Cuban league to the 
 "corral" (421^ caballerias, or 5,651 hectares = 13,958 acres) and 2 
 leagues to the radius of the "hato" (l,684i caballerias, or 22,606 
 hectares=55,837 acres). The names "hato" and "corral" were sub- 
 stituted for "sabana" and "sitio." 
 
 FORESTS AND FOREST PRODUCTS. 
 
 The area of the public forests of the island of Cuba, it can be assured, 
 is not less than 37,000 caballerias, or 496,510 hectares (1,226,454 acres), 
 existing in the several Provinces in which the island is actually sub- 
 
72 
 
 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 divided. The most important Provinces in this respect are Oriente 
 and Santa Clara. In the aforementioned area are included the forest 
 of the littoral and those on the isles and keys surrounding the island, 
 the main production of which is wood for fuel and bark and leaves of 
 the red mangrove; also "pataban," used for tanning purposes. The 
 timber forests of the property of the municipality of Jiguani, with an 
 area of 46,759 hectares (115,591 acres), have also been included, as 
 they are considered public forests. Following is a statement of the 
 public forests in each Province: 
 
 Area. 
 
 Oriente 
 
 Santa Clara . . 
 Pinar del Rio 
 
 Matanzas 
 
 Camagiiey . . . 
 Habana 
 
 Total... 
 
 Hectares. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 210, 200 
 
 519, 194 
 
 124, 660 
 
 307, 910 
 
 60,000 
 
 148, 200 
 
 46,000 
 
 113, 620 
 
 35, 680 
 
 88, 130 
 
 20, 000 
 
 49, 400 
 
 1, 226, 454 
 
 The names and the applicability of the trees are as follows: 
 
 FOR CONSTRUCTION. 
 
 Common name. 
 
 Technical name. 
 
 Common name. 
 
 Technical name. 
 
 
 Bassia albescens. 
 Laplacea curtyana. 
 Erytroxylum obovatum. 
 Zanthoxylum bombacifo- 
 
 lium. 
 Cordia gerascanthoides. 
 Byrsonima lucida. 
 Swietenia mahogani. 
 Cedrela odorata. 
 Bumelia nigra. 
 Cerasus occidentalis. 
 Cbuncoa abovate. 
 Calicophyllum candidissi- 
 
 mum. 
 Madura tintorea. 
 Rhus metopium. 
 Lenchocarpus tatifolius. 
 Casearia totiodes. 
 
 Guayacan 
 
 Guajacum officinale. 
 
 
 Byrsonima lucida. 
 
 
 Jamaquey 
 
 Jiqui de costa 
 
 Jocuma' prieto 
 
 Juearo prieto 
 
 Maboa 
 
 Belaira mucronata. 
 
 Abua amarilla 
 
 Baria 
 
 Malpighia obovata. 
 Syderoxylon mastichoden- 
 dron. 
 
 Carne de doncella. 
 
 Busida capitata. 
 Cameraria latifolia. 
 
 Cedro 
 
 Majagua 
 
 Hibiscus tiliaceus. 
 
 
 Moruro de costa . . 
 Quiebra hacha . . . 
 
 Roble real 
 
 Sabicu 
 
 Acacia littoralis. 
 
 
 Copaifera hymenofolia. 
 
 Chicharron prieto. 
 
 Tecoma longiflora. 
 Lysiloma sabico. 
 
 
 Tengue 
 
 Poeppigia procera. 
 Andira inermis. 
 
 
 Yaba 
 
 
 Yaiti . 
 
 Excocaria lucida. 
 
 Frijolillo amarillo. 
 
 Yaya 
 
 Gualteria virgata. 
 
 
 
 
 
 FOR TANNING. 
 
 Los guayabos 
 
 Maraiion 
 
 Moruro de sabana . 
 Peralejo de sabana 
 
 Psidium. 
 
 Anacardium occidentalis. 
 Petophorum adriatum. 
 Byrsonima crassifolia. 
 
 Mangle Colorado . 
 Mangle bianco . . . 
 
 Encina 
 
 Pataban 
 
 Rhizophora mangle. 
 Avicennia nitida. 
 Quercus virens. 
 Lagunicularia racemosa. 
 
 DYEWOODS. 
 
 Fustete 
 
 Madura tinctoria. 
 Bixa orellana. 
 
 Brazil Colorado... 
 Brazilete 
 
 Csesalpinia crista. 
 
 Bija 6 achiote an- 
 nato. 
 
 Coulteria tintoria. 
 
 Peralejo de monte 
 
 Byrsonima cubensis 
 
 OIL WOODS. 
 
 Coco . 
 
 CcTcos nuclfera. 
 
 Cocos crispa. 
 
 Erythrina corrallodendrum. 
 
 Mamey Colorado . 
 
 Lucuma bonplandii. 
 
 
 Piflon . . t 
 
 
 Quercus virens. 
 
 
 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 FIBER WOODS (USED FOR CORDAGE). 
 
 73 
 
 Common name. 
 
 Technical name. 
 
 Common name. 
 
 Technical name. 
 
 Daquilla 
 
 Lagetta lintearia. 
 Cupania tomentoaa. 
 Hibiscus tiliaceous. 
 Pavonia racemosa. 
 
 Guamacomun 
 
 Lonchocarpus pyxidanius. 
 Daphnopsis cubensis. 
 Cocos crispa. 
 
 
 
 
 Majaguilla 
 
 
 GUM AND RESIN WOODS. 
 
 AlmAcigo 
 
 Cinielo 
 
 Bursera gummifera. 
 Spondias lutea. 
 Cedrela odorata. 
 Voica copal » 
 Caseria lotiodes. 
 Rheedia aristata. 
 Clusia rosea. 
 
 Abey hembra 
 
 Maboa 
 
 Mango 
 
 Maranon 
 
 Papigia excelsa. 
 
 Cedro 
 
 Manguiera indica. 
 
 Copal 
 
 Guagiiasi 
 
 Mamey amarillo . 
 Pino 
 
 
 Manaju 
 
 Copey 
 
 
 Yaba 
 
 Andira inermis. 
 
 
 
 
 Fruit trees ^ etc.- — Besides the enumerated species, whose uses have 
 been expressed and which are the most important known, there are 
 about fifty different species of fruit trees and a great number of trees 
 used for fuel, fencing, carpentry, and cabinetwork. 
 
 FOREST PRODUCTS. 
 
 Lumber (mahogany and cedar principally) to the value of nearly 
 13,000,000 has been cut, and over $2,000,000 worth exported, of which 
 about $1,260,000 worth went to the United States and the rest chiefly 
 to Germany and England. Dy.es to the value of $100,000 are exported 
 to Russia, France, and Germany, and textile fibers to the approximate 
 value of $160,000 are shipped to Italy, Germany, and France. In 
 forest products considerable increase is noted in exports. Since 1899 
 they have been as follows: 1899, $1,059,900; 1900, $1,265,400; 1901, 
 $1,356,100; 1902, $1,874,800; 1903, $2,528,600, and 1904 about 
 $2,400,000. 
 
 PRINCIPAL PRODUCTIONS. 
 
 The two principal staples of the island, for the remarkable excel- 
 lence of which it has had a world-wide renown ever since the very 
 incipienc}^ of commercial enterprise on the part of the inhabitants, are 
 sugar and tobacco. 
 
 SUGAR. 
 
 The sugar of Cuba, is entirely the product of the sugar-cane plant, 
 and is of a uniforml}^ superior qualit3^ The cane is not indigenous to 
 Cuba, but was introduced soon after the discovery of the island and 
 proved exceeding!}^ congenial to its soil. Detailed statements and fig- 
 ures showing the growth of the sugar industry of Cuba are to be found 
 elsewhere in this volume. Although prosecuted for centuries the indus- 
 try has received its main development since about 1830, since which 
 year the annual production of sugar in the island has mounted from 
 about 100,000 tons to about 1,000,000 tons. Sugar is raised pretty 
 
74 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 generally all over the island, but the bulk of the product comes from 
 the five Provinces — Habana, Matanzas, Santa Clara, and Camagiiey and 
 Oriente. The plant flourishes luxuriantly as a rule, with compara- 
 tively little care or encouragement, and replanting becomes necessary 
 only once every ten or fifteen years, on an average, so that agricultu- 
 rally the crop is raised easily and cheaply; but the preparation of the 
 crop for market is expensive in comparison, involving as it does hard 
 labor in harvesting, the building of grinding mills, the purchase of 
 costly machinery for making the sugar and for handling and trans- 
 porting the product, the expenses of shipment, ^etc. 
 
 The cost of raising a pound of- sugar in Cuba may be said to be, 
 speaking roughly, 1 cent, and the cost of manufacturing and trans- 
 porting it to seaboard under present conditions 1 cent more, so that 
 the total cost of production of sugar in Cuba, from the planting to 
 the shipment at Habana, is about 2 cents a pound^ — not less than that, 
 and perhaps on the average a little more. The whole process of pro- 
 duction involves and includes the purchase or lease of the land, the 
 hire of laborers and their housing and sustenance, the clearing away 
 and breaking up of the fields, the purchase of the original cane plants 
 and their renewal from time to time, the planting, the cultivating, the 
 weeding, the harvesting, the procurement of agricultural tools, imple- 
 ments and machines for these undertakings, the erection of buildings 
 for storing and sheltering the stalks, the construction of roads or pri- 
 vate railways for transporting the same from the fields or farm^ to the 
 mills, the vehicles, cars, animals, or locomotives for use in transpor- 
 tation, the building of mills and their equipment with their various 
 kinds of necessary sugar machinery; repairs, salaries of mill operatives, 
 loading and freight to seaboard, insurance, and interest on investment. 
 The wonder is that the total cost can be reduced to the moderate figure 
 of 2 cents a pound. In the old times the cost was much greater. It 
 is only within a comparatively recent period that sugar could be pro- 
 duced in Cuba, or anywhere else, for anything like that amount of 
 money. In the case of Cuba, this low cost has been made possible 
 of late years by the application of improved machinery and methods of 
 cultivation and manufacture, by the improved conditions of the local 
 labor market, b}^ the cessation of strife and war, and bj^ the abolition 
 of the oppressive taxes and inequitable tarifi" restrictions imposed upon 
 the Cubans for man}^ generations by their former rulers. The new 
 era of improvement has only just begun; and it is the concurrent 
 opinion of all the best-informed observers that with the additional 
 improvements which may be certainly expected soon to follow— the 
 reconstruction of the plantations ravaged by war, the establishment of 
 new ones, the liquidation of old loans and other debts incurred under 
 the former regime, and the more general adoption of the up-to-date 
 machinery and industrial methods — the cost of production will be still 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 75 
 
 further reduced. Improved roads and transportation facilities will 
 probably also reduce the cost of transportation. 
 
 It is also worthy of consideration that, although nearly the whole 
 island is well suited for the successful raising- of sugar cane of the best 
 quality, the largest crop ever produced on the island — that of 1894r — 
 was raised on plantations covering about 2,000,000 acres, or only about 
 one-fourteenth of the total acreage of Cuba. Owing to the terrible 
 devastation wrought during the years of the recent revolution, many 
 plantations were abandoned or greatly crippled, and the recovery from 
 these ravages is by no means yet complete, so that the present sugar 
 acreage is somewhat less than the acreage of 1894. Considering this 
 fact, and also the other fact that without doubt at least 5,000,000 acres 
 of the island might quickly and easily be turned into first-class sugar 
 plantations, in addition to the plantations already existing and in oper- 
 ation, and granting that all these plantations be managed on the most 
 approved modern systems, the imagination is dazzled by the contem- 
 plation of what Cuba would be capable of doing in the sugar-producing 
 line in the near future. 
 
 But whatever amount of sugar the Cubans might produce, there 
 would be no advantage from the industry to them unless they could 
 sell the crop for more than the crop cost them to produce. This they 
 were not able to do during the seasons of 1902 and 1903, owing to the 
 fall in the price of sugar in the world's markets since 1900 and 1901, 
 consequent upon the great increase in the output of beet sugar in those 
 years, and the general overproduction of sugar of all kinds. In order 
 for the Cuban planters to attain real prosperity and success, they must 
 manage to produce and market their crops at a cost per pound lower 
 than the prevailing market price per pound, or the prevailing price 
 must return to the figures which were the rule before the present 
 period of depression. 
 
 The total number of plantations and farms of all sorts in Cuba just 
 prior to the late war was 90,960, but in 1899, just after the war, the 
 number was only 60,711. These figures furnish a significant illustra- 
 tion of the blighting effect of such a civil conflict. Since 1899 the 
 number has no doubt materially increased, though no census has been 
 taken since that year, and the increase is believed to be steadily pro- 
 ceeding, owing to the recuperative energy of the Cubans themselves, 
 and also to the accession of immigrants and capital from other coun- 
 tries, and principally from the United States. In the antebellum 
 times the onerous burdens of taxation had a tendency to keep down 
 the size of farms. The local designation for the standard-size small 
 farm of 33i acres is "caballeria,"but according to the last census 63i 
 per cent of the farms and plantations of Cuba were less than one- 
 quarter of a caballeria in dimensions, while the large plantations of 10 
 caballerias and over (333 acres and over) were only 5 per cent of the 
 
76 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 whole number of farms. This latter class includes, however, a num- 
 ber of very large plantations, of from 5,000 to 25,000 acres or 
 over. The original and most natural system of producing sugar was 
 for the farmers to raise the cane and to grind it themselves; but this 
 has been superseded by the system of colonias, or cane farms, which 
 raise cane to be transported to the large and expensive mills, to be 
 ground and turned into sugar and molasses. Some of the larger and 
 more successful planters, however, when they can command the requi- 
 site funds for the. outlay, unite both branches of the process — the 
 agricultural branch and the manufacturing branch — on their own 
 premises. Such plantations, equipped with the buildings and appa- 
 ratus necessary for the manufacture of sugar and molasses, are called 
 "ingenios," while "centrales" is the name given to such ingenios as 
 have concentrated from several comparatively small ingenios into one 
 large one. 
 
 The improvements that have been gradually introduced in the 
 process of sugar production in Cuba during the last few years or 
 decades include the introduction of steam power in the fields and in 
 the mills, labor-saving machines of various kinds, improved furnaces, 
 clarifiers, grinding machines, defibrators, defecators, vacuum pans, 
 centrifugal separators, and other modern sugar machiner^^, cane car- 
 riers and railway tracks through the fields for moving the crops to the 
 mills, chemical laboratories, cane loaders and unloaders, electric-light 
 plants in the mills, and a large variety of novel improvements, tools, 
 fertilizers, and systems of cultivation. These improvements have 
 become available mainly of late, since the abolition of the excessive 
 Spanish taxes and the reduction of tariff rates. 
 
 As is commonly the case in agricultural operations everywhere, the 
 size and quality of the cane crops vary greatly according to the fer- 
 tility of the soil and the ability of the planter. The usual range is 
 from 12 to 50 tons of cane for the yield of 1 acre. The average is 
 about 25 tons of cane, or about 2i tons of sugar per acre. The plant 
 matures in the autumn or early winter, according as it is early or late 
 planted, and is harvested and ground all along through the months 
 from December to May. 
 
 In considering the figures as to the acreage of the cane plantations of 
 Cuba, it must be borne in mind that not by any means the whole area 
 of these plantations is devoted to cane culture. The larger part of 
 every plantation, in all probability, is utilized for building sites, gar- 
 dens, the raising of vegetables, fruits, tobacco, and other crops besides 
 sugar, pasturage for cattle, the growth of timber, etc. At the same 
 time it is essentially a sugar plantation, as sugar production is its main 
 activity and main source of revenue. So, in like manner, the cotton 
 plantations of the Southern States and the hop farms of central New 
 York are not devoted exclusively to the raising of cotton and hops, and 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 77 
 
 the areas actually covered by cotton and hops in those plantations or 
 farms are probably in most cases only a small fraction of the whole 
 estates. So when it is stated, as above, that the sugar crop of 1894, 
 amounting to little over 1,000,000 tons, was raised on about ii, 000, 000 
 acres, the meaning is that it was raised on plantations covering that 
 acreage. In point of fact the actual acreage of the cane fields them- 
 selves was only about 400,000 or 450,000 acres. A crop of 1,000,000 
 tons raised on 400,000 acres, as will be seen, gives an average yield of 
 2i tons of sugar an acre. 
 
 The fluctuations of the sugar crops in point of size have been occa- 
 sioned not only by the causes just indicated, but also by wars, hurri- 
 canes, and the Cubans' political and economic conditions. Thus the 
 crop of 1853 was 322,000 tons; the crop of 1868, at the beginning of 
 the Ten Years' War, 749,000 tons; the ''hurricane" crop of 1871, 
 547,000 tons; the crop of 1878, at the end of that war, 533,000 tons; 
 the crop of 1883, under unsatisfactory political conditions, 460,000 tons; 
 the crop of 1894, just before the last revolution, 1,054,000 tons; the 
 crop of 1897, in the midst of the revolution, 212,000 tons; the 
 "drought" crop of 1900, 308,000 tons, and the crop of 1903, about 
 975,000 tons; the crop of 1904 over 1,100,000 tons, and 1905 about the 
 same amount. 
 
 According to the 1899 census, 47 per cent of the entire cultivated 
 area of the island was planted in sugar cane. It is believed that the 
 same proportions still obtain — in other words, that practicall}^ half of 
 the cultivated lands of Cuba are given over to sugar production. 
 That would make the entire cultivated area in the island about 1,000,000 
 acres. To this must be added the areas of the cities and large towns, 
 and the very large areas devoted to pasturage. Exact figures as to 
 the latter are lacking, but the best estimates unite in stating the total 
 area of developed land, including cities, towns, villages, farms, planta- 
 tions, and pasturages, as being about 14,000,000 acres, or just about 
 one-half of the island. That would leave the other undeveloped half, 
 of the same extent, for future exploitation. As already said, that 
 half is for the most part as capable of high development as the already 
 developed half. It is covered in most localities at present with for- 
 ests of a very valuable description, and is known to contain much 
 precious mineral material. 
 
 Sugar production. 
 
 Tons. 
 
 1892-93 815, 894 
 
 1893-94 1, 054, 224 
 
 1894-95 1, 004, 264 
 
 1895-96 225, 221 
 
 1896-97 212, 051 
 
 1897-98 305, 543 
 
 1898-99 335,668 
 
 Tons. 
 
 1899-1900 300, 073 
 
 1900-1901 615, 000 
 
 1901-1902 ( estimated ) 800, 000 
 
 1902-1903 977, 712 
 
 1903-1904 1, 106, 057 
 
 1904-1905 1,104,911 
 
78 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 The following statement as to the Cuban sugar industry is taken 
 from the appendix to a report made to the Secretary of the Treasury 
 by Hon. Robert P. Porter, special commissioner of the United States 
 to Cuba, in June, 1899. His conclusions seem as well warranted now 
 as then, notwithstanding the intervening fall in the market price of 
 sugar. 
 
 Although it made so early a start in the history of American agriculture, the sugar 
 industry in Cuba languished for two hundred years. The annual output during that 
 time was only about 28,000 tons. A quarter of a century later it reached 75,000 tons. 
 The middle of the nineteenth century saw it at 250, 000 tons, and in 1894 it passed the 
 million mark. * * * With millions of acres of the richest and best cane land on 
 the globe yet untouched by the plow, with a climate unsurpassed for the growth and 
 development of sugar cane, and with a prestige for Cuban sugar second to none in 
 the markets of the world, the future of Cuba's sugar presents a possibility of wealth 
 surpassing the richness of the gold and silver which came to Columbus in the mar- 
 velous tales of the interior of the magnificent island which he had discovered. 
 
 Kecurring to the effect of the rebellion of 1895-1898 on the sugar industry, it is 
 appalling to contemplate the dreadful decrease in a country's chief source of wealth 
 and income to the Government, as well as to the individual. In 1894 the output 
 was 1,054,214 tons, and the following year, under the first touch of war and its 
 alarms, the crop dropped off 50,000 tons, though it remained still above the million. 
 This was the second year in Cuban sugar history that the million mark was passed. 
 In 1896 the war was raging all over the island, and, with the Spaniards on one side 
 taking men and cattle and the insurgents on the other burning cane and buildings 
 and stealing stock, the sugar planter was utterly obliterated in some sections and so 
 badly crippled in others that the output reached only 225,221 tons, the lowest figure 
 known in fifty years. Nor was this astounding decrease a matter of gradual accom- 
 plishment, permitting the country, the business, and the people to accommodate 
 themselves to the changed conditions, but it happened almost in a night, and an 
 income from sugar of $80,000,000 a year dwindled on the instant to $16,000,000, a 
 loss of $64,000,000 at once as the result of Spanish mismanagement. 
 
 As a cane-sugar producing country, nature has made Cuba superior to any com- 
 petitor which may appear; but all sugar does not come from cane, and since 1840, 
 when the first record of beet sugar appeared, with 50,000 tons for the year's output 
 for the world, as against 1,100,000 tons of cane sugar, about 200,000 tons of which 
 was raised in Cuba, the sugar growers of the island have had their only dangerous 
 rival. * * * With the growth of the sugar production in Cuba have come newer 
 and better methods; and whereas in 1825 the largest plantations rarely exceeded 
 1,500 acres in extent, producing only 350 tons per year, with a total value of land, 
 buildings, machinery, stock, and slaves of, say, $500,000, * * * in these later 
 times there are plantations of 25,000 acres, representing an investment of $2,000,000. 
 
 Market facilities.- — The principal sugar plantations in the Province 
 of Oriente are located near the seashore in the municipalities of 
 Manzanillo, Guantanamo, and Puerto Padre; and in the Province 
 of Camagiiey they are situated near Nuevitas. They use the maritime 
 way for transportation of products. 
 
 In the western Provinces those located near the seashore utilize the 
 maritime way, but the greater number of them use the several railroad 
 systems of Santa Clara, Matanzas, and Habana for transporting their 
 products. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 79 
 
 The prices obtained from the sale of sugar in January, February, 
 March, April, and May, 1903, were 1.966, 1.824, 1.774, 1.651, and 1.667 
 cents per pound, or an average for the five months of 1.776 cents per 
 pound. These prices are in Spanish gold. 
 
 Sugar crop. — The following table shows the sugar exported and on 
 hand of the crops of 1903 and 1904: 
 
 Port. 
 
 Exported. 
 
 On hand. 
 
 1903. 
 
 1904. 
 
 1903. 
 
 1904. 
 
 Habana.... 
 
 Sacks. 
 461,962. 
 1,127,614 
 939,493 
 
 1,165,782 
 522, 166 
 376, 237 
 287, 066 
 100, 082 
 275, 325 
 
 Sacks. 
 
 1,313,318 
 
 1,253,413- 
 
 1, 301, 695 
 
 1,316,060 
 
 488, 609 
 
 553, 457 
 
 343, 516 
 
 101, 283 
 
 247,037 
 
 69,040 
 
 68,938 
 
 423,020 
 
 72," 969' 
 
 Sacks. 
 
 463, 382 
 
 134, 036 
 
 332, 617 
 
 40, 190 
 
 38, 192 
 
 78, 118 
 
 6,033 
 
 5,997 
 
 Sacks. 
 32,344 
 
 Matanzas 
 
 15, 287 
 
 
 14, 241 
 
 Cienf uegos 
 
 14, 901 
 
 
 1,086 
 
 
 2,299 
 
 
 
 
 2,100 
 
 Manzanillo 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 143, 477 
 
 299, 940 
 
 7,730 
 
 85,880 
 
 
 
 Gibara . . 
 
 
 22, 340 
 
 Zaza 
 
 11,590 
 
 13, 815 
 
 Trinidad 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total sacks (320 pounds each) 
 
 5,782,754 
 
 7, 552, 345 
 
 1,110,155 
 
 118 412 
 
 
 
 Total in tons of 2,240 pounds 
 
 826, 108 
 
 1,078,906 
 
 158,593 
 
 16, 916 
 
 
 
 The principal crop of 1904, as for some years past, has been sugar, 
 of which the production has been 60,817 tons in excess of that of last 
 year. Prices obtained for sugar this year exceeded those of last year, 
 and the value of the crop is consequently considerably more, and can 
 safely be stated as $50,000,000. The prices obtained during the first 
 six months of 1904 were as follows per 100 pounds: January, $1.77; 
 February, 11.77; March, |2.04; April, $2.18; May, $2.38; June, $2.43; 
 average for the six months, $2.09. Sugar sold as high as $3 per 100 
 pounds in August, 1904. 
 
 Molasses. — The molasses produced in 1903 amounted to 40,000,000 
 gallons, of which 12,000,000 gallons of the first quality were exported 
 from this city (Habana) to Philadelphia, and 10,000,000 gallons of the 
 second quality to other ports in the United States and to Europe. The 
 remainder — 18,000,000 gallons — was consumed on the island. Molas- 
 ses of first quality sold at 8 cents, and second quality at 3 cents. The 
 total value of the production was $1,800,000. 
 
 The by-products of sugar cane — molasses and rum — constitute a 
 considerable source of income to the sugar producer. They are pro- 
 duced from the juice of the cane as it is extracted at certain stages of 
 the sugar-making process, and the molasses output in particular is of 
 material value to the sugar planter. The rum product is compara- 
 tivelj^ small and mainly destined for home consumption, but molasses 
 is exported to a considerable extent. Of the last crop of molasses 
 more than half was exported. 
 
80 
 
 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 The production of molasses in Cuba during the first six months of 
 1904 amounted to 42,200,000 gallons, disposed of as follows: 
 
 Disposition of Cuban molasses, first six months of 1904- 
 
 Method of disposal. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Boiling molasses shipped to Philadelphia 
 
 Distilling molasses shipped to other points in United States 
 
 Distilling molasses consumed in Cuba 
 
 Distilling molasses shipped to Europe 
 
 Used for fuel and other purposes or unsold for want of transportation 
 
 Total 
 
 Oallons. 
 
 7, 600, 000 
 10, 600, 000 
 10, 000, 000 
 
 9, 000, 000 
 
 5, 000, 000 
 
 1608, 000 
 265, 000 
 250, 000 
 225, 000 
 
 42, 200, OPO 
 
 1,348,000 
 
 To the foregoing should be added shipments made to the United 
 States and Europe during the period from Juh^ 1 to December 31, 
 1903: To the United States, 3,053,630 gallons, valued at $244,290; to 
 England, 1,935,516 gallons, valued at $47,388; total, 4,989,146 gallons, 
 valued at $291,678, making a grand total of 47,189,146 gallons of 
 molasses, valued at $1,639,678. 
 
 Hum and aguardiente. — Spirits produced from sugar cane amounted 
 to 1,651,676 gallons, valued at $219,434. Most of the rum and aguar- 
 diente went to Uruguay (550,990 gallons), Canary Islands (478,698 
 gallons), and England (301,961 gallons); only 29,782 gallons went to 
 the United States. 
 
 Total sugar product. — The total value of the sugar products of 1904, 
 therefore,was as follows: Raw sugar, $50,668,995; molasses, $1,639,678; 
 aguardiente, $219,434; total, $52,528,107, against $41,940,955 in 1903; 
 $30,863,524 in 1902, $32,258,580 in 1901, $17,603,839 in 1900, and 
 $19,206,815 in 1899. The Bureau of statistics gives the following 
 figures for year ending June 30, 1904, for value of exports to the 
 United States: Sugar, $56,547,377; molasses, $874,343, or over 
 $54,100,000 without rum. 
 
 Sugar plantations. — It is onlj^ a few j^ears since the sugar industry 
 was separated from agriculture in most of the large plantations, 
 called "centrales." Considerable increase in the sugar production 
 was the result, owing to the reasonable and methodic subdivision of 
 labor. 
 
 The industrial process for the manufacture of sugar was greatly 
 improved during the years preceding the invasion of the western 
 Provinces by the forces of the revolution initiated in February, 1895, 
 in the eastern region of the island. With few exceptions, the cen- 
 trales were furnished with furnaces for burning green bagasse as 
 fuel; machinery of great power, mills of large dimensions, regrinders, 
 defibrators, and defecators were established; improvements were 
 made for the purpose of maintaining the juice at a high temperature, 
 thus avoiding fermentation; vacuum pans for boiling, evaporating, 
 and concentrating the saccharine matter of the cane juice (called 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 81 
 
 triple-effect apparatus) were also established; and to separate the 
 molasses from the sugar, centrifugal filters were introduced. At the 
 same time railways were constructed in the interior of mills and 
 factories, easily accessible laboratories were established to assure 
 the chemical proceedings in the process of sugar manufacturing, and 
 electric light used instead of kerosene, gasoline, etc. 
 
 Stigar-cane colonies. — Owing to the lack of pecuniary means among 
 the owners of lands where these colonies were established, agricul- 
 tural development is rather unimportant, as -the proprietors of the 
 centrales can not afford to advance money for the purpose of rebuild- 
 ing the wrecked houses, purchase of oxen and agricultural imple- 
 ments, as well as for plowing and planting anew the fields; and as 
 there are no agricultural banks in Cuba to furnish the necessary funds 
 for this purpose, the planting of new cane lands since the end of the 
 war has been limited. 
 
 TOBACCO. 
 
 Second only in importance to the sugar industry in Cuba is that of 
 tobacco {Nicotiana tahaciim)., in the cultivation of which upward of 
 80,000 people are employed. 
 
 The tobacco plant is indigenous, and was found in use by the natives 
 at the time of the discovery of the island. 
 
 It was imported into Spain sixty years later by Francisco Fernan- 
 dez, a physician who had been sent by King Philip II of Spain to 
 investigate the products of the new discovered lands. 
 
 It can be safely said that the first European who ever smoked 
 tobacco was an Englishman, Ralph Lane, the first governor of Vir- 
 ginia, who, on his return to England, brought pipes and tobacco, 
 which he made a present of to Sir Walter Ealeigh, the famous cour- 
 tier of Queen Elizabeth. Sir Walter soon took a fancy at smoking, 
 and this was sufficient to make the use of tobacco one of the favorite 
 occupations of the English court. 
 
 Perhaps the fact that contributed more strongly to popularize its 
 use was the opposition which it met with. The church condemned its 
 use, kings and emperors declared it unlawful, and in some nations, 
 especially in Russia, very severe punishment was administered to the 
 smokers. 
 
 King James I of England described its use as "a custom loathsome 
 to the eye, hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain, dangerous to the 
 iungs, and the black, stinking fumes thereof nearest resemble the 
 horrible Stygian smoke of the pit that is bottomless." 
 
 The Spanish historian, Oviedo, describes its use among the Santo 
 Domingo Indians, in the following words: 
 
 The Indians inhabiting this island have, among other evil customs, one which is 
 very pernicious, namely, that of smoking, called by them ' ' tobacco, ' ' for the pur- 
 pose of producing insensibility. This they effect by means of a certain herb which, 
 
 159a— 05 6 
 
82 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 so far as I can learn, is of poisonous quality, though not poisonous in its appearance. 
 It is about 4 or 5 palms high; the leaves, which are large and broad, are soft and 
 downy, and in color it resembles the plant called bugloss by doctors and herbalists. 
 The manner in which they use it is as follows: The caziques and principal men 
 have small hollowed sticks, about a span long and as thick as the little finger; they are 
 forked in the manner here shown, Y, but both the forks and the stalk are of the same 
 piece. The forked ends are inserted in the nostrils and the other end is applied to 
 the burning leaves of the herb, which are rolled up in the manner of pastils. They 
 then inhale the smoke until they fall down in a state of stupor, in which they remain 
 as if intoxicated for a considerable time. Such of the Indians as can not procure a 
 forked stick use a hollow reed or cane for the purpose of inhaling the smoke. Their 
 smoking instrument, whether it be forked or merely a hollow cane, is called 
 "tobacco " by the Indians, who do not give this name to the herb, nor the stupor 
 into which they fall, as some have erroneously supposed. 
 
 The remains of baked clay and other kinds of pipes found in the 
 Indian mounds of the North American continent indicate plainly that 
 smoking- was generally prevalent among the Indians of the mainland 
 long before the discoveries of Columbus. 
 
 For many years the tobacco trade of Cuba was a Crown monopoly, 
 with the royal office and warehouse in Habana and branches in San- 
 tiago de Cuba, Trinidad, Bayamo, and Remedios, where the planters 
 could store their tobacco, receiving such prices as might be established 
 by the Crown for each crop. In later years the tobacco monopoly 
 was sold to private companies, and was again resumed hy the Crown 
 in 1760. Finally, in 1817, b}'- a royal decree of June 22, the trade and 
 cultivation of tobacco were declared free on payment of a tax by each 
 planter equivalent to one-twentieth of the production. Since that 
 date the taxes have varied according to circumstances, but gradually 
 decreased, so helping an industry that can be considered the chief 
 industry of Cuba, for although it is true that the sugar industry has 
 so far proved a larger and most productive one, sugar of as good 
 quality as Cuba's is produced in many parts of the world, while the 
 Cuban tobacco has not and will never probably be equaled. 
 
 Reliable statistics of the annual production of tobacco in early times 
 are not at hand, nor is it possible to tell how much was shipped, except 
 through the custom house, owing to the large amount smuggled. 
 From such data as are available, it appears that from 1702 to 1817 the 
 total amount regularly exported was about 20,500,000 pounds; that 
 during the periods of Government monopoly the amount was less than 
 during the period of private monopoly, and that the amount exported 
 was largely increased after the trade monopoly was discontinued. It 
 is probable that the amount smuggled was equal to the amount 
 exported. 
 
 Coming down to a later period, it appears that the average produc- 
 tion in bales in 1894-95 was in the neighborhood of 560,000 bales of 
 50 kilograms, or about 62,000,000 pounds of leaf, valued at $22,000,000. 
 Of this amount about 220,000 bales (nearly 40 per cent), valued at 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 83 
 
 ,000,000, were used in the manufacture of cigars and cigarettes, 
 and this is about the proportion with normal crops. The remainder 
 (about 60 per cent) is mainly exported in the leaf. 
 Since 1895 the tobacco crops have been as follows: 
 
 Year. 
 
 Bales. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Bales. 
 
 1896 
 
 375, 000 
 
 88, 000 
 
 220,000 
 
 460,000 
 
 1900 
 
 a 510 000 
 
 1897 
 
 1901 
 
 "435,000 
 "410,000 
 6 400,000 
 
 1898 
 
 1902 
 
 1899 
 
 1903 
 
 
 
 " As reported by the Tobacco Leaf, New York. 
 
 b Approximately. 
 
 The values of tobacco imported into the United States from Cuba 
 (in all forms) since 1893 are shown in the following table: 
 
 Year ending June 30— 
 
 Cigars, 
 
 cigarettes, 
 
 etc. 
 
 Leaf 
 tobacco. 
 
 Total. 
 
 1894 
 
 $2, 052, 404 
 2,040,186 
 2, 093, 884 
 1, 971, 214 
 1,490,818 
 1, 951, 641 
 2,191,702 
 2,302,284 
 2,321,627 
 
 "3,175,722 
 2,970,205 
 
 S5, 828, 964 
 7,271,794 
 
 10, 613, 468 
 2, 306, 067 
 2, 883, 260 
 4,964,719 
 7,615,991 
 9,834,849 
 8,578,297 
 9, 967, 124 
 9, 793, 672 
 
 »7, 881, 368 
 9,311,980 
 
 12, 707, 352 
 4, 277, 281 
 4, 374, 078 
 6, 916, 360 
 9, 807, 693 
 
 12 137 133 
 
 1895 
 
 1896 
 
 1897 
 
 1898 
 
 1899 
 
 1900 
 
 1901 
 
 1902 
 
 10, 899, 924 
 13, 242, 846 
 12,763,877 
 
 1903 
 
 1904 
 
 
 " Approximately. 
 
 Orop of 1902. — ^The tobacco crop of 1902 was only medium, being 
 77,836 bales less than the crop of 1901. This deficit may be divided 
 as follows: Vuelta-Abajo district, 12,425 bales; Partidos district, 5,354 
 bales, and Remedies district, 60,057 bales. 
 
 The statistics of the 1902. tobacco crop show the following figures: 
 Vuelta-Abajo, 172,870 bales; Semi-Vuelta, 13,042 bales; Partidos, 
 64,486 bales, and Remedios, 111,796 bales. 
 
 According to weights, the returns are approximately as follows: 
 
 District. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Vuelta-Abajo 
 
 Kilos. 
 7, 952, 020 
 
 559, 925 
 2,005,075 
 6, 171, 139 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 17,531,023 
 1,234,411 
 4,420,388 
 
 13,604,893 
 
 Semi-Vuelta 
 
 Partidos 
 
 Remedios , 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 16,688,159 
 
 36,790,715 
 
 
 The deficit in the 1902 crop compared with that of 1901 was not 
 onlj" due to the shortage in the crop from the fields, but also to a 
 decrease in the acreage under cultivation. This latter cause especially" 
 obtained in the Remedios section, in which a large stock of tobacco 
 had to be taken over from 1901 to 1902, as consumption in the United 
 States had fallen off considerably. 
 
84 HANDBOOK OP CUBA. 
 
 Owing to want of rain, the 1902 crop did not cure as satisfactorily 
 as desired and remained in a raw condition. About 60 per cent of the 
 crop was sent to the United States. The balance was divided among 
 the different nations as follows, the values being approximate: 
 
 Country. 
 
 Quantity. Value. 
 
 Germany. 
 France . . . 
 Spain 
 
 Bales. 
 12, 000 
 2,000 
 28, 000 
 
 8200, 000 
 116, 000 
 350, 000 
 
 The total amount of 1902 tobacco exported was 243,958 bales, valued 
 at $6,700. 
 
 The tobacco crop in the year 1903-4 was good in both quality 
 and quantit}'^, and may be safel}^ valued at over $30,000,000. The 
 exports during 1903 were valued at $26,046,431, against 125,400,000 in 
 the previous year. The exports of leaf tobacco in 1904 exceeded those 
 of the previous year by $600,000. The total exports of leaf tobacco 
 amounted to 40,977,946 pounds, valued at $13,245,187, 24,128,430 
 pounds of which, valued at $9,931,802, went to the United States, and 
 10,306,574 pounds, valued at $1,921,079, to Germany, the nex:t largest 
 purchaser. 
 
 Tobacco stems, which are used in the manufacture of snuff, etc., 
 were exported to the amount of 598,178 pounds, valued at $9,959, 
 principally to the United States, Argentina, and Germany. 
 
 Tobacco seed to the value of $3,112 was exported to the United 
 States. 
 
 Farmers raising tobacco in the Province of Pinar del Rio use the 
 Western Railway and some northern seaports for exporting their leaves. 
 
 PRINCIPAL PLANTS CULTIVATED. 
 
 A perusal of these notes will show that the soil of Cuba contains all 
 the elements necessary for vegetable life and that its climate (tropical- 
 temperate) contributes to cover the island with a rich and luxuriant 
 vegetation formed by growths of all kinds which it is not possible to 
 study separately, not only for the reason that many of the plants grow 
 wild and have never been cultivated, but because in general there is 
 very little known of their habits. 
 
 Considerable data has been obtained since the establishment of the 
 Republic, and the department of agriculture is at present making every 
 effort to gather and organize agricultural information of all kinds, 
 considering this the only means of arriving at a proper knowledge of 
 methods at present employed for cultivation in the island. As these 
 become known and agricultural experiment stations are established to 
 investigate the progressive and rational changes that can be made in 
 the system of agriculture practiced, condensing and publishing the 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 85 
 
 facts in book form (a species of agricultural catechism) with appropri- 
 ate illustrations and views, planters may obtain objectively and apply 
 with profit rational systems for the cultivation of plants and thus 
 obtain at a minimum cost the maximum results from a given portion 
 of land. With the impossibility of treating this matter as extensively 
 in these notes as its vital importance would require, for a country 
 agricultural par excellence, making a study of the rich flora of Cuba, 
 it will be necessary to confine ourselves to a description of the princi- 
 pal plants which have been the subject of more or less perfect 
 cultivation. 
 
 SUGAR CANE. 
 
 This grass-like saccharine plant occupies the first place among those 
 cultivated in Cuba in proportion to the extent of territory, forming, 
 as it does, the basis for the sugar production, the principal source of 
 wealth of the island. 
 
 Cane is cultivated all over the island with more or less success. In 
 certain sections, where it seems to find itself perfectly at home with- 
 out agricultural improvement of any kind, its growth is almost wild, 
 and during the late war the plant showed great powers of resistance 
 to the havoc caused in fields that were set on fire more than once. 
 
 The plant thrives until the land is totally impoverished, tired, as the 
 natives call it, for want of renewal by fertilization, and, robbed of its 
 productiveness by successive" crops, the cane ceases to grow in proper 
 conditions. 
 
 The varieties known as " Otahiti white cane" and "crystalline cane" 
 are those most extensively produced in Cuba, no doubt because the}^ 
 are the most adaptable to the natural conditions of its climate and soil. 
 
 The cost of cultivating a caballeria of seed cane, from the time that 
 the soil is first broken until the cutting of the plant varies considerably 
 according to the quality of land, the price of labor, the system of 
 cultivation, the capital invested, the class of seed used, etc., but it can 
 be asserted that it fluctuates between $1,000 and $1,400, or an average 
 of $1,200. 
 
 The cultivation of the ratoons — that is, of the cane field after one or 
 more successive cuttings — consists in the labor of weeding and cutting 
 the grass, and can be figured at $342 per caballeria. 
 
 The cost of cutting and stripping off leaves can be calculated at 
 $400, loading at $200, and hauling at $194. 
 
 In round numbers the cost of preparation, cultivation, cutting, 
 hauling, etc., runs between $1,900 and $2,000 per caballeria; the 
 above figures can be reduced to $1,700, and even to $1,500. 
 
 It can be asserted that if the proper lands are selected — such as 
 sandy and clayey soil of suitable depth, not very compact, rich in 
 organic matter — five and six cuttings can be obtained, yielding an 
 
86 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 average of 80,000 arrobas (about 25 pounds to each arroba) per cabal- 
 leria, and in conditions very much less favorable the average yield is 
 50,000 arrobas. 
 
 Taking as a basis that the total cost of cultivation reaches in five 
 years $2,568, that of cutting and stripping, loading and hauling $3,970, 
 we reach a total cost, from the setting out of the cane until the end of 
 the fifth crop, for the 250,000 arrobas obtained, supposing the mini- 
 mum yield to be 50,000 arrobas per caballeria, of $6,538, or, say, $2.60 
 per hundred arrobas, delivered at the sugar mill. 
 
 TOBACCO. 
 
 This solanaceous plant whose rich leaf as produced on Cuban soil is 
 reputed the best in the world, occupies the second place among the 
 Cuban plants, for, although it is not cultivated as extensively as cane, 
 it serves as a basis for two important industries, one of which is 
 agriculture, which prepares and packs the weed for export, and the 
 other manufacture, which represents a considerable value, as it manu- 
 factures the millions of cigars and cigarettes consumed in the country 
 or exported, giving emplojmient to skilled workmen and contributing 
 to the welfare of the laboring classes of the cities. 
 
 Tobacco requires for its cultivation a loose, rich, sandy soil, the best 
 for the purpose being found in some localities in the Province of Pinar 
 del Rio, especially in the southern portions, which lands produce the 
 fine tobacco that brings the high prices paid by expert smokers, par- 
 ticularly in England and the United States. 
 
 The plant is also produced in the central and eastern portions and 
 even in the western portions of the islaind of quite good quality, espe- 
 cially on the northern watershed of the Siguanea River, Province of 
 Santa Clara, on lands east of the Arimao River in the famous Mani- 
 caragua vegas and others. 
 
 Notwithstanding its well-earned fame, the Cuban product can not 
 reach the development it should, inasmuch as all countries consider 
 tobacco an assessable article and endeavor, besides, to protect their 
 home product by burdening the imported article with high import 
 duties, which in some cases become almost prohibitory. One of the 
 nations in which the conditions are most favorable for the consump- 
 tion of Cuban tobacco without injury to its own products is the United 
 States, and it is certain that this result will be reached when the effects 
 of the recent reciprocity treaty between the latter nation and Cuba 
 become thoroughly known and the advantages are fully appreciated 
 by both sides; then the increase will necessarily follow, and at the same 
 time the cultivation of the plant under cover will continue to develop 
 until a wrapper is produced capable of substituting the Sumatra, which 
 to-day is preferred by numerous consumers among the many addicted 
 to the weed in the United States. A good deal of interest was mani- 
 fested in the experiments toward the culture of tobacco under cheese 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 87 
 
 cloth as a protection to the plants from the sun and from injury by 
 insects. The duty on cheese cloth, ranging from 15 to 60 cents per 
 kilogram (2.2046 pounds), was repealed July 30, 1902, in order to 
 encourage this new industry. It is believed that Cuba may rival 
 Sumatra in the production of fine wrappers, for which there is a large 
 demand in the United States. 
 
 The cost of preparing the soil, its fertilization, value of the seed- 
 lings, planting, and distribution of fertilizers, care of the plant, rent 
 and general expenses; in a word, the cost of one caballeria from the 
 time it is plowed up until the tobacco crop is gathered, varies con- 
 siderably, due to the same causes that have already been mentioned 
 in connection with the planting of cane; but taking as a standard the 
 Province of Pinar del Rio it can be stated that the cost will reach 
 about $7,940. The yield of a caballeria, consisting on an average of 
 211 tercios (bales) at $50 per tercio, 64 arrobas of seed at $4, and 12 
 cartloads of stems at $1, would therefore be about $10,7Y8, leaving a 
 balance as profit of $2,838. 
 
 Before closing these remarks relative to the planting of tobacco, it 
 is advisable to say a few words in regard to the adoption by many 
 tobacco planters of the sj^stem of cultivating the leaf under cover or 
 with mosquito nets, as the natives call it, and which consists in placing 
 over the plants a covering of cheese cloth, 2 or 2^ meters over the 
 same in the form of an awning. This serves to temper the intensity 
 of the sun's rays, moderate the force of the wind and its action on the 
 leaves, keep the earth moist and, above all, to avoid the insects, inas- 
 much as the latter being unable to penetrate into the territory under 
 cultivation are unable to deposit their larvas on the leaves. 
 
 The results obtained up to 1904 with this system of cultivation 
 have been satisfactory, as, according to data furnished to the depart- 
 ment of agriculture by the Junta Provincial (provincial board) of Pinar 
 del Rio, 212 hectares in which 6,776,000 seedlings were planted gave 
 trees, according as they were budded or not, varying in height from 
 1.78 meter to 2.10 meters, with 14 to 18 leaves each plant, with a yield 
 of 14 per cent for trees weighing 40 pounds and 60 per cent of first- 
 class leaf for wrappers. The average total cost per hectare in the 
 Province was $736.44. 
 
 On the other hand, two well-known and experienced planters of 
 Pinar del Rio state that tobacco grown under cover will yield to the 
 caballeria 330 bales instead of 150 grown by the ordinary method, 
 producing leaves from 28 to 32 inches long by 14 to 16 inches wide in 
 the proportion of 7 per cent. 
 
 The total number of plants laid out for the crop of 1902-3 in all the 
 island was about 1,260,628,800, which yielded approximately, 399,020 
 bales, weighing 663,663 quintals (1 quintal equivalent to 46 kilograms), 
 at an average price of $21.76 a bale and $16.70 per quintal. 
 
88 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 CORN. 
 
 Among the grasses belonging to the cereal class, corn easily occu- 
 pies the first place, owing to its importance as an article of food, the 
 alimentary properties of which seem to be greater in Cuba, the native 
 variety showing a greater quantity of gluten, albumina, oily matter, 
 and phosphates. 
 
 Corn is grown to a greater or less extent all over the Republic, but 
 as a rule it is not the subject of exclusive cultivation, but is planted 
 in connection with other products, such as cane, coffee, and vegetables. 
 
 In order to obtain the most abundant yields, the best soil is that pos- 
 sessing a porous subsoil over which is a stratum in which silica pre- 
 dominates over albumina and lime. 
 
 The variety cultivated in Cuba belongs to the group of the yellow 
 corn and generally two crops are harvested, one known as the wet 
 crop, belonging to the summer season, which is gathered between 
 August and September or November, and the other called the cold 
 crop, belonging to the winter season, planted between September and 
 Novem'ber, to take advantage of the first northers, and according to 
 the appearance of the north winds the crop is called early or late. 
 
 The superiority and natural advantages of the soil of Cuba for the 
 growth of corn has been proven on two occasions: The extraordinary 
 crops which almost spontaneously sprang up during the blockade 
 resulting from the Spanish- American war, and the results obtained by 
 planters in 1880, stimulated by the bounty offered by the Circulo de 
 Hacendados (planter's association) for the greatest crop that could be 
 produced on one-eighth of a caballeria, and which demonstrated that, 
 without appljdng strictly the intensive system, with a little care, from 
 604 to 614: fanegas can be obtained — that is, 408 to 414 bushels per 
 caballeria. 
 
 It is difficult to obtain definite information as to the cost and yield of 
 corn, for the reason that these crops are generally planted in connec- 
 tion with others on small portions of land near the large cities; but, 
 taking as a basis the data furnished by various growers of experience, 
 we can state that preparation, plowing, sowing, cultivation, and pick- 
 ing reaches about $950 per caballeria, provided labor costs under $1 
 and mechanical cultivation is employed. 
 
 During the fiscal year 1902-3, 50,593,091 pounds of corn were 
 imported into Cuba. Of this amount more than 99 per cent came from 
 the United States, with a total value of $628,010. 
 
 The price of a fanega of corn fluctuates between $4.30 and $2.75, 
 according to the Province and the season of the year. 
 
HAKDBOOK OF CUBA. 89 
 
 RICE. 
 
 Rice is a cereal that is never absent from the table of the Cuban 
 workman. It therefore can be considered as one of the staple articles 
 of the food he consumes. In spite of this fact all of the rice consumed 
 in Cuba comes from foreign countries. Still the rice industry grows in 
 Cuba, where extensive fields can be planted without the drawbacks 
 which the cultivation of this plant carries with it, to which the swampy 
 lands, subject to paludic fevers and otherwise unhealthful, are devoted, 
 for the reason that in Cuba there exists a variety, "arroz secano" or 
 dry rice, which grows on soil not subject to inundation. 
 
 The cultivation of rice at present is limited to the variety known as 
 "arroz de la tierra" (dry earth rice), very much liked by the natives 
 in spite of the fact that it does not present a good white color, due to 
 the fact, no doubt, that in the operation of hulling the shell can not 
 be entirely separated from the grain, not even where -the most mod- 
 ern and perfected machinery is used. 
 
 This plant, badly cultivated in Cuba as it is at present, yields more 
 than 2,000 arrobas to the caballeria, a yield that can be increased to as 
 much as 3,000 and 4,000 arrobas. The average price of an arroba of 
 rice fluctuates, according to the Province, between $0.80 and $1,34. 
 
 THE SWEET POTATO. 
 
 This rich tuber is a powerful helper in the food consumption of 
 the working classes in the fields, and serves also as food for breeding- 
 cattle and swine raised in stables and pens. 
 
 The cost of preparing the ground, planting, weeding, and gathering 
 is $905 per caballeria. 
 
 The crop is harvested by picking the most developed tubers, and 
 leaving the mother plant all others until they attain their full growth, 
 when they too are picked. The largest specimens are taken to 
 market, while the smaller, known vulgarly as the "rabuja," are fed 
 to the animals. 
 
 One caballeria planted during the so-called winter season, especially 
 during January and February, yields about 25,000 arrobas, or some 
 50 tons of tubers, and should the cultivation thereof be attended with 
 intelligence the yield will be doubled. That planted in August pro- 
 duces from 18,000 to 20,000 arrobas. 
 
 The price of an arroba of sweet potatoes fluctuates between $0.18 
 and $0.26. 
 
 THE POTATO. 
 
 There are in the Eepublic fertile lands easily subjected to irrigation, 
 as, for instance, the valley of Guines, some 12 leagues (3 miles to a 
 league) from the city of Habana; they can be devoted with profit to 
 
90 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 growing this root for the purpose of supplying the American markets 
 during the winter season. 
 
 The principal varieties cultivated are the white and rose colored 
 potato. 
 
 The total expenses, from breaking the ground to harvesting, reach 
 $1,200 per caballeria of land, including the cost of 260 barrels of seed 
 potatoes; and it is calculated that this proportion of land will produce 
 13,000 arrobas, which can be increased by intelligent methods of cul- 
 tivation to 17,000 arrobas. 
 
 The average price of an arroba of potatoes varies, in different por- 
 tions of the island, from 10.80 to 11.25, according to the season of the 
 year. 
 
 YUCA. 
 
 There are in Cuba two kinds of yuca, the sweet or edible variety 
 {Jatropha manihot) and the sour or poisonous {Jatropha toxica)^ but 
 rich in fecula. 
 
 Both varieties are produced on substantial and moderately damp 
 soil, the first being used as a diet for man and beast, and the second in 
 the manufacture of starch, of which it contains about 20 per cent. 
 
 The planting is done by laj'ing pieces of the stalk, 7 to 8 inches 
 long, in furrows during the months of March, April, and May, to 
 obtain what is known as the spring crop; or in September, October, 
 and November for the cold season crop. 
 
 The average cost of production may be calculated at $1,000 per 
 caballeria, bearing in mind that the picking and gathering should be 
 done with great care, for, in the event of a sprout breaking near the 
 vital knot the root will cease growing, will hardens and finally become 
 a total loss. 
 
 A caballeria of land produces 5,000 arrobas of the sour yuca, from 
 which 1,000 arrobas of starch can be obtained. The water residue 
 of the manufacture of starch from the sour yuca is poisonous, for it 
 contains cyanhydric acid — in small quantities it is true, but in a greatly 
 diffused state. When this root is subjected to a boiling process at a 
 temperature of 100°, it loses its toxic properties but retains a disagree- 
 able taste which makes it unfit for food. 
 
 The price of sweet yuca — that is, the edible yuca — varies from $0.25 
 to $0.32, and the sour yuca from $0.34 to $1.20 per arroba. 
 
 The ground fiber, after extracting starch, is called ""cativia," and 
 made into flat round cakes, 1 foot in diameter, called "casabe," which 
 is eaten with sauce or jerked beef. 
 
 NAME (yams). 
 
 This tuber, which is very large, and, as a rule, is sold at a high 
 price as compared with the sweet potato (its price varies between 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 91 
 
 $0.60 and $0.80 per arroba, according to the quality), is cultivated on 
 a small scale on the outskirts of large cities, the best quality or white 
 name being quite scarce. ' 
 
 The comparatively large size of this tuber requires a deep, loose 
 soil, well broken up, and the planting should be made in deep furrows. 
 The cost thereof , including harvesting, can be calculated at from $1,100 
 to $1,200 a caballeria. 
 
 One caballeria of land can produce 5,000 arrobas of yams only once 
 a year. 
 
 MALANGAS. 
 
 Of this tuber two classes are generally consumed, the white and the 
 yellow, the last named being preferred, although both, especially the 
 first, are cultivated on a small scale only. The cultivation of this root 
 is being considerably increased, as it is quite popular, due to its agree- 
 able taste, similar to that of the white name. 
 
 It can be calculated that a caballeria will produce 4,000 to 5,000 
 arrobas of white malanga, the price fluctuating between $0.28 and 
 $0.39 per arroba. 
 
 BANANA. 
 
 The plantain (vegetable) constitutes one of the principal articles of 
 food of all classes of society in Cuba, rarely being absent from the 
 table, especially at the midda}^ meal, due no doubt to its recognized 
 alimentary properties, which," according to the deceased Cuban chem- 
 ist. Doctor Barnet, contains 11.20 per cent of fecula and 22.40 percent 
 of pectic matter. 
 
 The banana (fruit) is also consumed in large quantities. There are 
 a number of varieties, the best known being the "Manzano" and 
 "Johnson" banana, the latter being cultivated on a large scale in the 
 eastern portions of the island and exported mainly through the ports 
 of Baracoa and Banes. The exportation of this fruit during the fiscal 
 year 1904 to the United States was $1,938,080. 
 
 For planting purposes the offshoots that grow around the stump or 
 protuberances coming out of the principal root are used; in the first 
 case, the tree bears fruit within nine or ten months, and in the second 
 within twelve or sixteen. One caballeria will hold 7,500 trees; there- 
 fore each tree occupies a space of 15 square feet. 
 
 The cost of felling and clearing one caballeria of land, cutting and 
 hauling to nearest loading port, is $1,923.75. If planted on land 
 already cleared the cost is reduced $300. The yield is about 7,500 
 bunches, of which 75 per cent have nine "manos" (hands) and are 
 worth 40 cents per bunch; 40 per cent are provided with 7 or 8 manos 
 worth 25 cents a bunch, and 13 per cent have 6 manos and are worth 
 12 cents per bunch. The total yield of a caballeria is $2,270. 
 
 The ripe fruit pressed and dried in the sun, or in a special oven, 
 forms what is called "dried banana" (a preserve). 
 
92 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 There is also extracted from the banana in the proportion of about 
 10 per cent a flour known as "bananina," which differs from the wheat 
 flour only in that it contains less nitrogenized matter. 
 
 The average price of the plantain bananaand of the fruit banana, 
 for home consumption, is from 20 cents to 47 cents per bunch, and 
 from 15 cents to 25 cents a bunch, according to the locality. 
 
 PINEAPPLE. 
 
 This plant, producing the finest of Cuban fruit because of its aro- 
 matic and refreshing juice, is extremely rustic in its habits and has 
 great powers of resistance against the rigorous droughts as well as 
 through the excessive rains, provided the land is weeded and freed of 
 objectionable grasses. 
 
 There are two varieties of this plant in Cuba, the "pinadelatierra" 
 (indigenous pine) and the "piiia blanca de la Habana" (Habana white 
 pine) ananasa sativa. The latter is the sweetest and largest in size, 
 but does not keep well, for which reason it is not adapted for export. 
 The pina morada de Cuba (purple Cuban or large-headed pineapple) 
 ananasa Cubensis, smaller and more scaly is less juicy and sweet, but 
 has better resisting qualities and is the species cultivated for export, 
 principally to the United States, the latter country consuming each 
 year an increasingly large amount. In the last fiscal year, 1903-4, 
 21,325,773 kilograms of pineapples were exported, worth $617,607, 
 to the United States. 
 
 Planting can be done by means of the new radicules (a part in the 
 embryo of the plant which belongs to the roots), called in Cuba 
 I'criollos," which bear fruit in one year, or by those that surround 
 the fruit known as "hijos de corona" (offspring of the crown), which, 
 while they require eighteen months before becoming productive, are 
 preferable under certain conditions, because they are more abundant, 
 easily gathered, and therefore cheaper. 
 
 In planting the sprouts shooting from the stems under the crown of 
 the fruit are also used in those pineapple fields wherein the vegetation 
 as exhuberant and which are more easily developed, according to 
 expert.growers. In one caballeria of land, providing for the proper 
 space, and for the gathering of same, 18,000 dozen plants can be raised. 
 
 It is estimated that the planting and cultivation of one caballeria of 
 land with pineapples costs between $3,000 and $3,500 during the first 
 eighteen months, which is the period wherein the plant bears fruit; 
 and as a pineapple field kept in good order yields about five crops, and 
 the cost of production after the first crop is reduced to $500, we can 
 calculate that the total cost per caballeria during the five years will 
 be $4,000. 
 
 Therefore each crop yielding 18,000 dozen pineapples — that is to say, 
 as many pineapples as there are seedlings planted — in a period of five 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 93 
 
 years a pineapple field would yield about 90,000 dozen, but it must be 
 borne in mind that the fruit diminishes in size until, during the last 
 year, it is so small that it can be used only in the manufacture of 
 sweets and preserves. The best pines are those harvested during the 
 two first years and the fruit of ordinary quality is that gathered dur- 
 ing the remaining three. 
 
 The first shipments are made during the month of March. The 
 fruit is most abundant during the month of June, harvesting continu- 
 ing through July, but in addition to this small quantities of the pine 
 known as "pina aventurera (adventurous pine) are exported during 
 the entire year. 
 
 The white pineapple for home consumption brings an average price 
 of 40 cents to $1.17 per dozen, according to the Province and season of 
 the year. The pineapple raised for export brought at one time during 
 the first period of its cultivation $1 per dozen, but as the supply 
 increased the value decreased, until it fell to 25 cents per dozen, but 
 even at this extremely low figure, and granting that it can be obtained 
 only for the fruit produced during the first three years, with the 
 54,000 dozens harvested, all the expenses can be covered and there 
 will be a balance left of $9,800 in addition to the net amount of the 
 last two crops. 
 
 OEANGE. 
 
 Although the orange is cultivated in its perfect state in Cuba and 
 with little care the tree produces abundant and delicious fruit, before 
 the establishment of the Republic there existed in the island very few 
 groves, but there is already noticeable a great increase in the cultiva- 
 tion of this plant, which will no doubt come to occupy the place that 
 properly belongs to it among the plants of Cuba. 
 
 The orange not being a very exacting plant in regard to soil, will 
 grow even in rocky territory of inferior quality, provided it is fertil- 
 ized and copiously watered in the summer. The orange can be culti- 
 vated in Cuba on almost any class of land; the best results, however, 
 are obtained from a loose, substantial damp soil, with a deep layer of 
 vegetable matter. 
 
 The total cost of preparing and planting 1 caballeria varies from 
 $2,000 to $2,500; cultivation, manure, transportation, irrigation, etc., 
 $1,200. The young plants are worth 25 cents each. 
 
 An orange grove of 1 caballeria of land yields in a fair year about 
 1,400,000 to 1,800,000 oranges (1,600,000 average), and the fruit is 
 sold at $5 per 1,000 for export and 65 cents to $1 per 100 for home 
 consumption. 
 
 To secure rapid and easy communication over highways or railways 
 with the port of Habana, the lands most prized in the Province of 
 Habana for orange groves are those situated in the districts of Guira 
 de Helena, Alquizar, Aguacate, Bainoa, and others. In the surround- 
 
94 HAISTDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 ings of Nuevitas (Camaguey Province) there are also lands suitable for 
 the cultivation of oranges, the price of which varies according to topo- 
 graphical position and quality of same, from $500 to |2,000 per 
 caballeria. 
 
 COTTON, 
 
 This plant has been cultivated in Cuba from the early part of last 
 century to the extent that in the year 1842, 1,082,351 arrobas were 
 exported. Its cultivation afterwards diminished to again acquire a 
 new lease of life during the war of secession in the United States, as a 
 result of the high prices obtained for the fiber; however, the year 
 following the conclusion of the war prices fell to such an extent as to 
 no longer compensate the native planters, and to this was added the 
 difficulty of picking and cleaning which, with the machines then in 
 use, could not be done except with great loss in the process. 
 
 After peace was established on the island planters have again been 
 stimulated in the cultivation of this rich fiber, especially in the Prov- 
 ince of Camaguey, where it appears that satisfactory results have been 
 obtained from the trials that have been made. Experiments of this 
 nature have been made by the Cuba company, this railroad having 
 established small plantations along its route, and the American colo- 
 nies of "La Gloria" and "Columbia" have planted 1,000 acres of land 
 in cotton after obtaining good results from small plantations. 
 
 Nearly all the lands of Cuba are adapted to growing cotton, but the 
 best results are obtained from fertile lands containing about 30 per 
 cent of sand, the same proportion of "mantillo" (rich black soil), and 
 10 per cent of lime, and these conditions are improved if situated near 
 the sea, the saline element in the atmosphere favoring the growth of 
 this plant. 
 
 Planting can be done at any time of the year, provided there is the 
 necessary amount of moisture in the soil for the germination of the 
 seed, but it is advisable to select the time so that the leaves of the 
 plant will be sufficiently developed and hardened during the laying 
 season of insects (generally in June), as the latter can devour only the 
 young and tender leaves. Care should also be taken that the opening 
 of the boll does not coincide with the rains, as an excessive amount of 
 humidity spoils the fiber. 
 
 According to information furnished by experienced planters, a 
 cotton plant properly attended will yield on an average 500 bolls 
 annually, each containing 70 grams of cleaned cotton; some of them 
 calculate a yield of 30,000 pounds to the caballeria. 
 
 It may be interesting to add that experiments with this fiber have 
 been made recently at the agricultural experiment school in the city 
 of Habana by Mr. Jose Cadenas, the professor in charge. 
 
 The varieties experimented with were Sea Island, Select Upland, Mit 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 95 
 
 Afifi, Abisis of Egypt, Georgia, and what is known as the " arboreo," 
 a plant indigenous to the country. 
 
 After the seedlings were sown they were transplanted and placed 1 
 vara (34 inches) apart in furrows also about 1 vara apart. Success 
 was obtained with all the plants of the last three varieties with a loss 
 of 30 per cent, 38 per cent, and nearly 8 per cent, respectively, of the 
 first three. 
 
 In the month of May when the plants began to bloom they were 
 attacked by the cutworm {Allecea argillacea). 
 
 Picking was done in the months of May, June, and July, with the 
 result that the most productive was the Sea Island, followed by the 
 Eg3^ptian variety, Upland, and finally the native species, the latter 
 plant continuing its growth as a shrub. The Upland gave the best 
 results as to length, whiteness, and strength of fiber, followed closely 
 by the Sea Island. 
 
 RAMIE. 
 
 This plant has become perfectly acclimatized in Cuba, the stalk at 
 times attaining a height of three meters, containing from thirty to 
 forty shoots, without the fiber losing any of its distinctive properties 
 owing to this fact. The plant can be pruned two or three times a 
 year provided two years are allowed to elapse before it is worked. 
 
 It is calculated that the total cost of preparing the land, seeding, 
 sowing, and cultivation does.not exceed |1,200 per caballeria the first 
 year, $300 the second and following years until the fifth, which is the 
 life of the plant. 
 
 A caballeria of land yields in each cutting 375,000 kilograms, which 
 is reduced to 37,500 (10 per cent) after drying; 18,750 (5 per cent) after 
 cleaning, as, for instance, China grass, and yields ultimately 11,250 
 kilograms (3 per cent) of pure and silky fiber. The value of this fiber 
 varies, but can be quoted at $120 per metric ton. 
 
 HENEQUEN. 
 
 Two species of henequen are known in Cuba, Agave mnericana and 
 Agave cubensls^ these plants yielding a hard, tough filament applied 
 mainly to the manufacture of rope and cordage; both grow spontane- 
 ously and in the most barren lands, unfit for any other kind of culti- 
 vation, alwaj^s provided the mineral composition of the soil abounds 
 in lime and sand. 
 
 The cost of cultivation, including the price of the young plants, can 
 be calculated at about $836 per caballeria and the cost of cutting, pre- 
 paring, and packing, $2,248, or a total of $3,084. 
 
 Information obtained on a large plantation of 25 caballerias, shows 
 that each caballeria will hold 50,000 plants. These after three years, 
 the time when they attain their most perfect development, yield on an 
 
96 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 average three leaves monthly, and as it is calculated that each leaf con- , 
 tains one and a half ounces of fiber; 1,000,000 leaves gathered from a 
 caballeria during one year, will yield 420 bales of 4 quintals (400 
 pounds) each. 
 
 In the surroundii! , of the plantation above referred to, and where 
 the leaves are gathbied, cleaned, and the bales prepared, there are 
 many smaller plantations where the leaves are sold on the plant at 
 the rate of 50 cents silver (about 28 cents, United States currency) 
 per thousand, the purchaser paying for cutting, gathering, and cart- 
 age; the leaves, collected in bunches of ten each, are paid for at the 
 rate of $1 currency per thousand. 
 
 The life of a plant is calculated at 15 years, but as each plant dis- 
 appears it leaves an offshoot or young plant which at the end of three 
 years will again commence to give the same yield for another fifteen. 
 
 LENGUA DE VACA. 
 
 This exotic plant, known also by the name of " piel de maja" (snake 
 skin) or "pasa de negro" (negro hair), has prospered greatly in Cuba, 
 not only on account of the facility with which it is reproduced through- 
 its seeds and offshoots, leaves, and even pieces of these, but because 
 of its rusticity and the ease with which it is propagated, growing 
 almost spontaneously wherever it finds shade and a certain amount of 
 moisture in the soil. 
 
 The land most appropriate for this plant should have a substantial, 
 somewhat dry soil, containing a certain proportion of lime and sand, 
 and it thrives to greater advantage where the subsoil is clayey and 
 does not retain all of the moisture. 
 
 The fiber of this plant, which is pearl white, handsome, strong, and 
 does not rot under water, is used with good results in the manufacture 
 of the finer cordage and of white dry-goods fabrics. 
 
 The cost of preparing the soil, planting, care, gathering and extract- 
 ing the raw material, is almost the same as that of henequen, and can 
 be calculated at about 75 per cent of the gross output during the first 
 year and about 55 per cent during the following years. 
 
 A caballeria of land, not taking into account the ground space 
 required for paths, will hold 332 beds, 84 meters long by 3 wide. In 
 each bed 1,176 seedlings can be planted, and therefore the caballeria 
 will hold 413,952 plants. The roots of these produce new sprouts 
 which, finding a loose soil, multiply to such an extent that at the end 
 of two years the field is entirely choked up. 
 
 With careful cultivation on land that can be moderately shaded and 
 a certain amount of water given the plant, the latter will grow as high 
 as two a half meters, with 50 offshoots of about a meter, the leaves 
 from which weigh 34 pounds; and as the fiber extracted by hand rep- 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 97 
 
 resents 4 per cent, the total production will be at least 560 quintals or 
 35,760 kilograms. 
 
 From data obtained in regard to prices offered for this fiber, it is 
 found that, provided the same is delivered in large quantities, England 
 has offered 8 cents per pound for first-class and 3 cents per pound for 
 the refuse fiber or culls. 
 
 COFFEE. 
 
 The cultivation of the species of coffee known as Mirto or Arabian 
 {Coffea arabica L.) developed to such an extent from the year 1720, 
 when it was introduced into Cuba, that in 1846 there were 2,328 coffee 
 plantations on the island, yielding more than 2,000,000 arrobas of the 
 grain, but from 1850, in which year the price fell considerably, due to 
 the competition offered by South America and the East Indies, the plan- 
 tations decreased in number until in 1894 there were only 191, still 
 further reduced at present to the small number found in the uplands 
 of the oriental Provinces of the island. Competition, however, was 
 not the only cause of the decadence of the cultivation of coffee, for it 
 was also due to the irrational systems of cultivation and pruning 
 adopted, to such an extent that coffee culture ceased to be profitable 
 and to the additional circumstance that great success was obtained in 
 the cultivation of cane and high prices paid for sugar, the latter occu- 
 pying finally most of the territory formerl}'^ devoted to coffee. 
 
 The aromatic and tonic beverage made from the coffee bean is con- 
 sumed in large quantities in Cuba, especially by the rural population 
 and working classes. The demand could be in a great measure supplied 
 if the system of cultivating one plant only was abandoned, and coffee 
 planted in small quantities by farmers, if only in sufficient amounts 
 to satisfy the needs of the family. 
 
 Coffee can be raised on nearly all the lands of the Republic where a 
 fresh and damp soil is found, as the 3^oung plants suffer greatly from 
 droughts, and it is therefore necessary to cultivate them under shade. 
 To this effect bananas, oranges, and other trees are planted in the same 
 field. 
 
 Assuming that a plantation has to be established on land CQvered 
 with timber, the cost of clearing, leaving on the same the trees neces- 
 sary for shade, digging, the price of the young plants and patrons 
 during the first year, is $925.25, adding thereto the expenses of the 
 second and third year, $216.25 and $200 respectively, the total cost per 
 caballeria will be $1,341.50, or about $44 per acre. 
 
 The plant begins to yield between the third and fifth year, reaching 
 the highest state of development during its seventh 3"ear, and continues 
 vigorous for 35 years, which is calculated to be the life of a plant. It 
 is asserted, however, in some localities that the plant reaches 80 years. 
 
 159a— 05 7 
 
98 
 
 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Picking the berry begins generally in the month of October, and it 
 is calculated that each tree will yield approximately from one-half to 
 2 kilograms. 
 
 After the crop is picked, the berry is subjected to what is called a 
 dry or wet process; the first consists of drying the berry and after- 
 wards hulling it by machinery; in the second, as the berry is gathered, 
 it is placed in machines to be cleaned, then dried and prepared, and 
 after being classified is stored or sold. 
 
 The following table shows the extent of the coffee exports of Cuba 
 during the most remunerative period of that industry: 
 
 Year. 
 
 1809 
 
 320,000 
 918, 263 
 370, 229 
 709, 351 
 779,618 
 
 1816 
 
 1816 
 
 1817 
 
 1818 
 
 Arrobas.u 
 
 1819. 
 1820. 
 1822. 
 1823. 
 1824. 
 
 Arrobas.ct 
 
 642,716 
 686, 046 
 501, 429 
 895,924 
 661, 674 
 
 a An arroba Is about 25 pounds avoirdupois. 
 
 The decline of the industry is strikingly apparent from the appended 
 table, containing a record of the exports of coffee in the years 1867- 
 1886, inclusive, from the ports of Santiago de Cuba and Guantanamo. 
 As most of the Cuban coffee has always been raised in the Province 
 of Oriente, the bulk of the exports has always been shipped from 
 those two ports. 
 
 Year. 
 
 1867 
 1868 
 1869 
 1870 
 1871 
 1872 
 1873 
 1874 
 1875 
 1876 
 
 Year. 
 
 1877 
 
 37, 660 
 
 1878 
 
 33,200 
 37,114 
 23, 700 
 
 1879 
 
 1880 
 
 1881 
 
 9,000 
 132, 480 
 22,500 
 
 1882 
 
 1883 
 
 1884 
 
 1885 
 
 6,295 
 7,967 
 
 1886 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 The rehabilitation of the Cuban coffee industry would appear cer- 
 tain, and already it may be said to have begun. 
 
 In the Province of Oriente a move in the way of reconstruction of 
 farms of this kind has begun, and it is hoped that this industry will 
 soon be of great benefit to the island and a sufficiently large crop for 
 home consumption be gathered. 
 
 The total number of coffee plantations that yielded crops in 1901-2 
 in the Provinces of Pinar del Rio, Santa Clara, Camagiiey, and 
 Oriente was 1,091, containing 1,273,493 trees. The yield of these was 
 37,654 quintals (about 3 pounds per tree), or 158 quintals, approxi- 
 mately, per caballeria. The average price per quintal was $11.35. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 99 
 
 COCOA. 
 
 The cultivation of this plant, reduced at present to the Province 
 of Oriente, is one of the most remunerative; as the tree which pro- 
 duces cocoa attains great development, and yields fruit of excellent 
 quality in fertile lands with a deep stratum that are fresh without 
 being damp, characteristics possessed in a high degree by the virgin 
 lands of Cuba. 
 
 Planting can be done directly by seeds or by young plants from a 
 seed plat or nursery. The iirst system is the safest for the reason 
 that where the second is employed, the young plants being very deli- 
 cate, in the operation of transplanting a considerable number is lost, 
 even though every precaution is taken, but the former presents the 
 difficulty of giving to the tender young plants the care they require. 
 
 Planting should be done with seeds from perfectly developed and 
 recently gathered pods, inasmuch as after a certain time they lose 
 their germinating properties. The seed beans should be planted three 
 or four meters apart with the thickest part downward resting on the 
 ground, and well covered with earth, in order that an excessive amount 
 of sunlight may not injure the embryo plant. 
 
 As cocoa requires shade during the early stages of its development, 
 or, in other words, until the tree is covered with leaves, it is generally 
 planted together with bananas, or advantage taken of the natural shade 
 furnished by the forest trees' in plantations where only the necessary 
 clearings for planting have been made. It is better still, however, to 
 plant the hucare erythrina wnbrosa, which is a tree that grows rapidly 
 and does not impoverish the soil. 
 
 Planting is done from September to November, but the fruit of the 
 latter month is preferred where it is not possible to irrigate the land, 
 as the October rains of the eastern portions of the island where cocoa 
 is principally grown might injure the plant, especially if the soil is 
 clayey. 
 
 Care of the plant is reduced to weeding, ridding the tree of dried 
 branches and premature flowers, replacing defective plants, harrowing 
 the ground, if necessary, all of which can be easily done by one man 
 for every thousand plants. 
 
 Cocoa trees begin to yield, generally, between the fourth and fifth 
 year, and continue for from thirty to fifty; the finest harvests, however, 
 are those gathered in the spring or autumn. 
 
 The approximate cost of cultivating a caballeria of land, including 
 felling the trees, planting the cocoa and necessary shade trees, is esti- 
 mated to be about $1,856. 
 
 The fruit is considered ripe when the pod becomes a dark yellow 
 in color. Gathering must be done with care, the fruit heaped in 
 piles to encourage fermentation, the latter lasting four or five days. 
 
100 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Should this not take place about that time, however, it is advisable to 
 facilitate fermentation by means of additional moisture. 
 
 The fermentation having once taken place, it becomes necessary to 
 thoroughly separate the beans by a drying process or by washing them 
 in tanks and drying by a rapid process, so that the fruit will undergo 
 no change. 
 
 Each tree yields from one-half to li kilograms of pods. 
 
 The quintal (100 pounds) of cocoa brings a price of $9, approxi- 
 mately. 
 
 During the last fiscal year, 1903-4, Cuba exported to the United 
 States 17,888 sacks, or 3,357,547 pounds, valued at $345,924; the total 
 exports was 5,119,517 pounds, valued at $565,540. 
 
 CAOUTCHOUO, OR INDIA RUBBER. 
 
 The rubber tree is found in many portions of the island, where it 
 was introduced in 1828. The plant was acclimatized by Dr. Ramon, 
 de la Sagra, in the botanical gardens then belonging to the University 
 of Habana on ground to-day occupied by the station of the Villanueva 
 Railroad. Seedlings from said garden were distributed by Doctor 
 Sagra to the coffee growers of that time, on whose lands trees exist 
 to-day, over 70 years old, with trunks measuring from 18 to 26 inches. 
 
 There is also found in the country the species of rubber tree mani- 
 coba {Manihot glazioviJ)^ of which a great number of seeds were 
 planted during the year 1900, but many of them failed to grow, due 
 either to the poor quality and age of the seed or to the lack of proper 
 care given the plants in the nurseries. 
 
 A caballeria of land will hold 3,657 rubber trees of the first species 
 mentioned, which, set out in beds six meters square; on land that has 
 been cleared and prepared, five men digging, measuring, and trans- 
 planting can plant in twelve days at a cost of $48. The total cost of 
 felling, planting, value of young plants, and cultivation during six 
 years, until the plant begins to bear fruit, can be estimated at $900. 
 
 The yield of 200 trees can be gathered by six workmen in twenty- 
 four days, four to cut the bark and collect the milk, and two to carry 
 this product to the place where the purifying and thickening process 
 takes place. 
 
 TTie twenty-four days mentioned are divided during the first four 
 months of the 3^ear at the rate of six days to each month, the period of 
 greatest production, according to experienced planters, taking place 
 at the time of the full moon. 
 
 It can be asserted that each tree after attaining the age of 6 or 7 
 years yields from 2 to 3 pounds of rubber a year. 
 
 Rubber not purified brings from $0.50 to $0.60 a pound and the pure 
 article from |0.90 to $1.15 according to the quality and purity. 
 
A COCOA GROVE. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 101 
 
 While the plant is g-rowing and developing, bananas may be culti- 
 vated with it, the proceeds from the sale of which will cover the greater 
 part of the expenses. 
 
 COCOANUT. 
 
 This tree and the royal palm are extremely useful to the natives of 
 Cuba, as from the trunk he takes the boards to build his hut and the 
 leaves he uses to thatch his roof. The fruit of the cocoanut tree 
 before ripening entirely contains a liquid called "agua de coco" 
 (cocoanut milk), which is very palatable and has excellent diuretic 
 properties. When ripe, the fruit contains a greasy matter known as 
 " cocoanut oil," which is applied in a multitude of ways. 
 
 The best lands for the cocoanut are those near the coast, containing 
 a loose sandy soil. 
 
 The plant is propagated by means of seeds planted between January 
 and May, which produce seedlings in about six or eight months. 
 These are transplanted during the dry season from August to Novem- 
 ber and from January to April. 
 
 In the eastern portions of the island the cultivation of this plant 
 has reached important proportions, especially in Baracoa, where there 
 is an oil mill established for the manufacture of cocoanut oil and cocoa- 
 nut butter. 
 
 Each cocoanut tree will yield at the end of seven years, the period 
 of its highest development, about 40 cocoanuts. 
 
 During the fiscal year 1903-4: Cuba exported to the United States 
 cocoanuts to the value of $288,736. 
 
 TRUCK GARDENS. 
 
 There are extensive tracts of land in Cuba which, owing to their 
 fertility and location, are especially adapted to truck farming; but 
 the scarcity of population, bad roads, and the tendency, contrary to the 
 most elemental and good principles of rural economy, of cultivating 
 on a large scale only two plants, cane and tobacco, all other necessary 
 articles being imported from foreign countries, brings about the 
 result that truck farming has not received the attention that it should 
 have done; not even small portions of land on plantations being 
 devoted to this class of products, sufficient to satisfy the wants of the 
 planter and his workmen. Only a short while ago no attention was 
 paid to truck farming except on lands having manifestly good condi- 
 tions and located on the outskirts of large cities, and then exclusively 
 for the purpose of supplying the home market. But, stimulated by 
 the betterment in the commercial relations between Cuba and the 
 United States, fresh garden products being very scarce in the latter 
 country during the winter season — the very time when they are at 
 their best in Cuba (December and January) — truck farming is acquir- 
 ing a rapid development and will no doubt reach such proportions 
 
102 
 
 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 that a part of the territory of the island will be converted into the 
 great winter garden of the United States. This would result in 
 immediate and direct benefits and an increase in the trade of both 
 countries, giving Cuba the necessary stimulus which this class of cul- 
 tivation carries with it and the corresponding progress in agricultural 
 methods; inasmuch as, being eminently intensive and truck gardens 
 requiring constant and careful attention, it would come to be the best 
 school and field of experiment for the Cuban planter, who could learn 
 many useful lessons from the practical and advanced methods of gar- 
 dening as happens even now with many planters in portions of the 
 Provinces of Habana, Pinar del Rio, Matanzas, and Oriente, where 
 American gardeners have grown fine cabbages, egg plants, vegetable 
 pears, tomatoes, etc., vegetables that were formerly imported and 
 which to-day are easily obtained in the country. 
 
 SIZE OF FARMS AND ACREAGE OF CROPS. 
 
 The census of 1899 gives the following figures as to the size of 
 Cuban farms and plantations, and as to percentage of cultivated area: 
 
 Comparative size of Cuban farms. 
 
 Size of farms. 
 
 Per cent 
 of num- 
 ber of 
 farms. 
 
 Per cent 
 of culti- 
 vated 
 area. 
 
 Size of farms. 
 
 Per cent 
 of num- 
 ber of 
 farms. 
 
 Per cent 
 of culti- 
 vated 
 area. 
 
 Under one-fourth caballeria. . 
 
 63.5 
 19.2 
 8.0 
 
 15.5 
 
 12.5 
 
 9.5 
 
 Three-fourths to 1 caballeria. 
 
 2.1 
 
 6.1 
 
 .9 
 
 .7 
 
 .5 
 
 3.5 
 16.1 
 
 
 3 to 5 caballerias 
 
 7.0 
 
 One-half to three-fourths cab- 
 
 5 to 10 caballerias 
 
 9.0 
 
 
 Over 10 caballerias 
 
 26.9 
 
 
 
 
 Also the following particulars as to the comparative acreage of the 
 principal crops in 1899, and as to percentage of cultivated area: 
 
 Comparative acreage of Cuban crops: 
 
 Crops. 
 
 Sugar cane 
 
 Sweet potatoes 
 
 Tobacco 
 
 Bananas 
 
 Indian corn . . . 
 
 Mala] 
 
 Yuca 
 
 Coffee 
 
 
 Per 
 
 
 cent of 
 
 Cordels. a 
 
 culti- 
 
 
 vated 
 
 
 area. 
 
 4,142,016 
 
 47.3 
 
 973, 629 
 
 11.3 
 
 817,452 
 
 9.3 
 
 753, 627 
 
 8.6 
 
 639, 042 
 
 7.3 
 
 303, 603 
 
 3.4 
 
 283, 363 
 
 3.2 
 
 137,854 
 
 1.6 
 
 Crops. 
 
 Cocoanuts . . . 
 
 Cocoa 
 
 Rice 
 
 Yams 
 
 Irish potatoes 
 Pineapples... 
 
 Oranges 
 
 Onions 
 
 Cordels. a 
 
 120,261 
 119, 525 
 42, 076 
 30, 030 
 26, 808 
 26, 782 
 23,418 
 14, 274 
 
 Per 
 cent of 
 culti- 
 vated 
 area. 
 
 1.4 
 1.4 
 .5 
 .3 
 .3 
 .3 
 .3 
 .2 
 
 a The cord el is about one-tenth of an acre. 
 FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. 
 
 The pineapple crop during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1904, 
 amounted in value to about $1,250,000. The fruit found ready sale 
 in the United States and at higher prices than in preceding years, 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 103 
 
 owin^ to the fact that large shipments are now made direct from 
 Habana to Chicago, instead of being all made, as heretofore, to New 
 York, which naturally resulted in overloading the market in that city, 
 and thus reduced the value of the fruit. The establishment of a pine- 
 apple canning factory in the vicinity of Habana would be a profitable 
 investment, as much of the fruit in excess of domestic needs can not 
 be shipped, especially after heavy rains. Other fruits, ripening either 
 before or after the pineapple and suitable for making marmalades, 
 would permit continuous employment of help and machinery. 
 
 A decided increase in the shipment of fruits other than pineapples, 
 and in vegetables, is noted in 1904. The Cuban orange is a delicious 
 fruit, and limes and lemons are of good quality and abundant. Toma- 
 toes, sweet potatoes, onions, peppers, eggplant, okra, etc., were also 
 up to expectation in quality and quantity and brought good prices. 
 The value of the crop of fruits (exclusive of pineapples) and vegeta- 
 bles amounted to $2,712,300. 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF CUBAN FRUITS. 
 
 Aguacate {alligator pear). — This is one of the most popular fruits 
 in the Antilles; it is pear-shaped, green or purple, and often weighs 
 2 pounds. On account of the pulp being firm and marrow like, it is 
 also known as vegetable marrow or midshipman's butter. A very 
 good oil for soap comes from its seed. The tree is an evergreen about 
 25 or 30 feet high. 
 
 Caimito. — ^This fruit is purple or dark green on the outside. It has 
 a milky, fibrous meat, sweet and starch}^, and a number of round, black 
 seeds. It grows on a tree. 
 
 Anon, and Chirimoya {custard apple). — This is a heart-shaped fruit, 
 quite sweet, with a slightly acid taste, and very refreshing. Anon 
 has a scaly exterior, chirimoya, a smooth peel, and contains numerous 
 seeds buried in a pulp. It is sometimes known as bullock's heart on 
 account of its size and shape. It grows on trees 25 or 30 feet high. 
 
 Figs {higos). — Figs of all kinds grow luxuriantly. 
 
 OranadiUa. — This fruit grows on the vine which bears the passion 
 flower. The fruit is generally as large as a child's head. It is much 
 liked by the natives, who use it in making refreshments and desserts. 
 The meat is glutinous and contains many small seeds. 
 
 Guanabana. — This is a large fruit, about the size of a muskmelon, 
 with many seeds, and fibrous meat having a delicate flavor. It is used 
 for making refreshments, ices, and preserves, and is also eaten in its 
 natural state. 
 
 Guama. — The guava is a black, globose, pulpy fruit, with an agree- 
 able acid flavor, and is used in making jell}', marmalade, etc. It is 
 largely cultivated in tropical countries, there being two varieties — 
 the red or appie-shaped, and the white or pear-shaped. 
 
104 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Lima. — The lima is somewhat like the lime, but has the flavor of 
 the grape. 
 
 Lime {limon citrus). — The lime is the product of the Citrus limetta 
 tree. The juice is used in cooling beverages in the tropics, and is 
 especially in demand in summer in higher latitudes. It is also boiled 
 and used in flavors. 
 
 Mammee {saj)ota). — The mammee or sapota tree yields a fruit the 
 juice of which resembles marmalade. It is known locally as the 
 " mamey Colorado." 
 
 Mmnoncillo. — This fruit grows in clusters. It is a species of plum; 
 it is tart, and has one fibrous pit. 
 
 Mango. — A fruit shaped somewhat like a pear, but attached to the 
 tree by the larger end. The meat is fibrous and clings to the seed, 
 somewhat as the meat of a clingstone peach does. It is generally 
 eaten in its natural state, but when green is sometimes boiled as a 
 vegetable. Its flavor when ripe is a combination of apricot and pine- 
 apple. There are several varieties of this fruit. The tree is 30 or 40 
 feet high. 
 
 Papaya {paio paw). — The papaya is about 10 inches long, commonly 
 of an oblong form, ribbed, and having a thick fleshy rind. It is eaten 
 raw, or, when green, is boiled as a vegetable; it is also pickled. The 
 tree is about 20 feet high and has large leaves. Meat boiled with a 
 small portion of the leaf is made tender; or meat can be made tender 
 by simply hanging it among the leaves. The seeds are used as a 
 vermifuge. 
 
 Sa/pote or sapotillo {plum). — This is a small brown fruit, with black 
 watermelon-like seeds and juice, which disappears with incipient 
 decay, when the fruit becomes very sugary. 
 
 FRUIT EXPORTS TO THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 Nearly all. fruit and vegetables not consumed here are exported to 
 the United States, except cacao, which is shipped in considerable 
 quantities to Spain, German}^, England, and France. The value of 
 the fruit exports to the United States during the years 1899 to 1903 
 was as follows: 1899, $801,200; 1900, $1,181,700; 1901, $1,442,700; 
 1902, 11,906,600; 1903, $2,932,300. 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 
 STOCK RAISING. 
 
 There are few countries better suited to stock raising than Cuba, 
 where grass is abundant at all seasons and where many streams fur- 
 nish a copious supply of good water. The breeding of stock was at 
 one time an important industry, but owing to the excessive taxes 
 during the period of Spanish domination, amounting to upward of 40 
 per cent of the value of the stock, and the great destruction due to 
 the serious revolutions which have taken place in the island, this 
 industry has been seriously crippled. The last two wars almost 
 entirely destroyed it; and as the duties on stock were almost pro- 
 hibitive and the stock was taken by the Government under one pre- 
 text or another as fast as imported, recovery was necessarily slow. 
 
 For example: 
 
 Duty on live stock. 
 
 Per head. 
 
 Horses $85 
 
 Mules 32 
 
 Oxen 22 
 
 Cows 10 
 
 Calves, heifers, ariH steers 8 
 
 Hogs 7 
 
 Owing to the vast number and great variety of palm trees, the 
 berries of which (Palmiche) are a never-failing food supply for hogs, 
 of excellent quality, these animals can be raised in large numbers and 
 at a very little expense. 
 
 The number of cattle ranches and of live stock in the island, prior 
 to the outbreak of the war of independence, February 24, 1895, was 
 the following: 
 
 CATTLE RANCHES. 
 
 Provinces. 
 
 Number. 
 
 Pinar del Rio . 
 
 Habana 
 
 Matanzas 
 
 Santa Clara... 
 
 Camaguey 
 
 Oriente 
 
 Total . . . 
 
 599 
 1,262 
 
 224 
 1,260 
 
 399 
 
 364 
 
 4,098 
 
 105 
 
106 
 
 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 LIVE STOCK. 
 
 Number. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Horses and mules 
 
 Cattle 
 
 Pigs 
 
 Sheep 
 
 Total 
 
 584, 725 
 
 2, 485, 766 
 
 570, 194 
 
 7S, 494 
 
 820, 466, 375 
 
 74, 572, 980 
 
 5, 700, 000 
 
 393, 000 
 
 3, 719, 179 
 
 101,132,355 
 
 The fore^oin^ tables show that at the beginning of the revolution 
 which resulted in the separation of Cuba from the mother country, 
 the total number of cattle of all kinds existing in the island was 
 3,719,179, which demonstrates the flourishing condition of the industry. 
 
 The awful work of devastation carried on by both the patriots and 
 the Spanish armies was responsible for the almost total extinction of 
 animal life in the western Provinces of the island, and even Camaguey 
 and Santa Clara, the two great cattle regions of Cuba, were well-Jiigh 
 dispossessed of live stock at the period of American intervention. 
 
 As soon as peace was declared the agriculturists and planters who 
 had some means at their command or credit made every possible efl'ort 
 to replace their live stock. The Government, in turn, could not 
 remain indifferent to the appeals of the principal cattle owners in the 
 central and eastern parts of the island who had had their ranches 
 burned and destroyed by the war, and which they had not been able 
 to reconstruct or repair owing to lack of means, and therefore it 
 authorized, at the request of the department of agriculture, the con- 
 cession of an appropriation to import cattle and horses. The cargoes 
 began to arrive in the month of December, 1900, and were landed at 
 the ports of Tunas de Zaza, Casilda, Nuevitas, Gibara, Manzanillo, 
 Baracoa, and Puerto Padre. Five thousand four hundred and ninety- 
 four head of cattle and 1,158 horses were received in all and were dis- 
 tributed among the planters of said districts, under obligation to 
 reimburse the cost of said animals on dates agreed upon. 
 
 The Cuban cattle industry therefore is now being reconstructed, 
 although slowly. Every possible effort must be made to develop it in 
 order that fresh meat may be in the reach of all, especially the work- 
 ing classes, who, owing to the excessive price of meat, very seldom 
 partake of it. Of the 900,000 caballerias of land which constitute the 
 Cuban territory 400,000 may be easily devoted to cattle for breeding 
 purposes, which, at the rate of 20 head per caballeria, would give a 
 total of 8,000,000, and thissiim might be easily duplicated if a rational 
 and systematic method were pursued in the breeding of said cattle 
 in order to improve the stock. In this manner possibly the require- 
 ments of the home consumption would be provided for and even 
 sufficient animals to export to the neighboring Republics. 
 
 The number of cattle imported into the island during 1899 was 
 399,829; during 1900, 288,314; during 1901, 368,793. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 107 
 
 The total number of cattle, horses, mules, and asses in Cuba in Jan- 
 uary, 1902, as oificiallj given in the State Department report, was as 
 follows: 
 
 Cattle 805,485 
 
 Horses 137,312 
 
 Mules , 25,760 
 
 Asses 1, 659 
 
 Showing an increase of over 100 per cent in cattle since 1899 and 
 of over 50 per cent in horses and mules. 
 
 The Government, by means of improvement committees (juntas 
 de fomento) established in Sancti Spiritus, Trinidad, Camaguey, 
 Holguin, Bayamo, Baracoa, and Puerto Padre, distributed in 1901 
 4,336 cows, bulls and calves, and 1,178 mares; or a total of 5,494 head 
 of cattle, the cost of which reached the sum of $166,116.58 currency. 
 This cattle was distributed in lots, and promissory notes accepted in 
 payment, which became due in twelve, eighteen, twenty-four, and 
 thirty months with 4 per cent interest, the animals remaining as Gov- 
 ernment property until the notes were canc^eled and said animals 
 inscribed as the property of their owners in the cattle register. 
 
 The President of the Republic, considering that the cattle industry 
 is the most natural and real source of wealth of the island; that the 
 500,000 caballerias calculated to be uncultivated can support 4,000,000 
 head of cattle; that of the total amount of live stock imported annually 
 200,000 head have to be placed in pasture with a profit of $2,000,000, 
 at the rate of $10 per head, addressed, a message to the Cuban Con- 
 gress, which resulted in the promulgation of the law of September 15, 
 1902, tending to stimulate and encourage private parties in the interest 
 and development of the Cuban cattle industry. The satisfactory 
 results of this law are clearly shown in data collected by the depart- 
 ment of finance and from which it is demonstrated that on September 
 30, 1903 (one year after the law had been passed), the amount of live 
 stock had increased from 1,143,442 head in existence on September 
 30, 1902, to 1,456,126 on the same date in 1903; that is, there was an 
 increase of 312,684 head, of which 28 per cent corresponded to beef 
 cattle, 24 per cent to horses, 15 per cent to mules, and 13 per cent to 
 asses. 
 
 Furthermore, as a result of the same law by which cows for breed- 
 ing purposes were exempted from the payment of import duties, there 
 were received during the same period 81,685 cows and calves, besides 
 the calves, mostly females, of 19,213 cows; all of which, added to those 
 already in the country, and those inscribed in the cattle registers, 
 gives a grand, total of 553,790 head. In addition, considering the pro- 
 hibition there is to slaughter cows unless unproductive, and to export 
 any kind of cattle whatever, it can be stated that the day is not far 
 distant when the Republic will have sufficient live stock for its home 
 
108 HANDBOOK OF CUBA'. 
 
 consumption, and if, as is to be hoped, there continues a favorable 
 development in the breeding of cattle, and the agricultural experimental 
 station takes the proper interest in propagating the practical and most 
 rational methods advised by zoology to improve, classify, and better 
 the condition of the stock, the day will come sooner or later when 
 there will be a surplus in the production of the country and the Cuban 
 producer, taking advantage of the low rates of freight prevailing 
 between Cuba and the United States, as compared with railroad rates 
 in the United States between the cattle-producing centers and the 
 great markets, can ship and sell his cattle at a profit. 
 
 The herds of horses, mules, and asses have also made great progress, 
 as it is shown that this class of stock in September, 1903, reached the 
 number of 197,672, 32,801, and 2,040, respectively, as against 159,149, 
 28,579, and 1,803 the previous year. 
 
 The following table shows the average maximum and minimum 
 prices paid for different kinds of cattle during the year 1902, accord- 
 ing to data obtained from the municipal districts of each Province: 
 
 BREEDING STOCK. 
 
 Milch COWS $73. 26 to $50. 20 
 
 Milch cows for breeding 58. 04 40. 40 
 
 Horses (stallions) 141.66 90.99 
 
 Mares 64.50 49.58 
 
 Asses 88.17 25.37 
 
 Hogs 11.92 7.68 
 
 Sheep , 5.85 4.87 
 
 WORKING ANIMALS 
 
 Yoke of oxen: 
 
 First class $153. 95 to $131. 26 
 
 Second class 130.01 104.66 
 
 Third class 110.06 81.85 
 
 Horses: 
 
 Saddle 143.70 127.68 
 
 For work 78.54 62.95 
 
 Coach, in towns 87.66 69.57 
 
 Coach, in the country 69. 00 62. 83 
 
 Pack ". 60.81 55.89 
 
 Mules: 
 
 Saddle 150.84 105.60 
 
 For use in towns 121.58 89.50 
 
 For use in the country 93.03 80.80 
 
 v. 
 BEEF CATTLE. 
 
 (On the hoof per arroha.) 
 
 Oxen $3. 21 to $2. 06 
 
 Bulls 3.33 2.41 
 
 Cows 3.23 2.13 
 
 Bullocks 3. 20 2. 30 
 
 YearUngs 3. 33 3. 20 
 
 Calves 3.58 2. 60 
 
 Hogs: 
 
 For pork 2. 98 2. 30 
 
 Forlard 2.90 2.38 
 
 Sheep 3.29, 2.50 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 109 
 
 This industry, at one time one of the principal ones of Cuba, is 
 to-day making rapid progress toward regaining its former prominence, 
 and figures largely in the amount of importations into Cuba. From 
 the following table, covering the calendar years 1899 to 1903, it 
 appears that the importations from Mexico in the five years exceeded 
 those from the United States by nearly $4,000,000. This would not 
 be the case if our cattle dealers put forth a little more efl^'ort to gain 
 control of the Cuban market. 
 
 Value of the cattle imported into Cuba in the five years 1899 to 1903. 
 
 Whence imported. 
 
 1899. 
 
 1900. 
 
 1901. 
 
 1902. 
 
 1903. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Mexico 
 
 $3, 151, 900 
 
 3,275,900 
 
 2, 050, 200 
 
 1,076,600 
 
 783, 900 
 
 638, 900 
 
 236, 500 
 
 $2,390,300 
 1, 770, 100 
 1,489,600 
 879,400 
 260, 100 
 490, 900 
 196, 600 
 
 12, 382, 600 
 
 1,070,900 
 
 1,870,900 
 
 2, 574, 900 
 
 146, 100 
 
 312, 200 
 
 86, 500 
 
 $2,341,300 
 970, 900 
 1,141,700 
 313, 900 
 329, 900 
 200, 300 
 138, 600 
 
 11, 738, 900 
 1,258,200 
 672, 900 
 1,370,400 
 408, 600 
 171,200 
 195,500 
 
 S12, 005, 000 
 8, 346, 000 
 7, 225, 300 
 6, 215, 200 
 1, 927, 600 
 1,713,500 
 853,700 
 
 United States 
 
 Colombia 
 
 
 
 Porto Rico 
 
 Otlier countries 
 
 
 Total 
 
 11, 113, 900 
 
 7,477,000 
 
 8, 443, 100 
 
 5, 436, 600 
 
 6,815,700 
 
 38,286,300 
 
 
 It will be noticed that during the past five years Mexico has supplied 
 about 33 per cent of all the cattle imported, and that the purchases 
 from the United States, which exceeded those from Mexico in 1899, 
 have steadily fallen off during 1900, 1901, and 1902, but appear to be 
 again increasing, which supports the argument that if stronger eflforts 
 to do business are made the object desired will be gained. 
 
 There are thousands of acres of land in Cuba suitable for cattle rais- 
 ing which can be purchased at from |1 to $3 per acre. Cattle do well 
 in this country. They fatten nicely and produce meat of good quality. 
 The percentage of loss on account of sickness is small. 
 
 The latest statistics published by the treasury department of Cuba 
 show that the number of live stock consumed and the kilograms of 
 meat were as follows during the last five years: 
 
 Year. 
 
 Number of live stock. 
 
 Kilograms of meat. 
 
 Cattle. 
 
 Pigs. 
 
 Sheep. 
 
 Cattle. 
 
 Pigs, 
 
 Sheep. 
 
 1900 
 
 171,071 
 174,887 
 176,962 
 179,632 
 194, 913 
 
 79, 381 
 105, 810 
 120, 196 
 149,073 
 160,160 
 
 1,497 
 2,598 
 3,512 
 6,076 
 7,628 
 
 27,631,059 
 29, 687, 109 
 31,293,342 
 32, 901, 105 
 34, 611, 645 
 
 3,397,444 
 4, 287, 525 
 4,879,571 
 6, 309, 680 
 6, 775, 591 
 
 28,489 
 47, 307 
 69,719 
 86, 960 
 121 249 
 
 1901 
 
 1902 
 
 1903 
 
 1904 
 
 
 
 During 1904 the number of live stock increased as follows: 401,050 
 cattle, 63,917 horses, 6,642 mules, and 299 asses, in which are included 
 the following by natural increase: Cattle, 226,501; horses, 28,989; 
 mules, 1,305; asses, 168. 
 
 The rate of mortality was 0.44 per hundred in cattle, 0.Y4 in horses, 
 0.77 in mules, and 0.09 in asses. 
 
110 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 CUSTOMS DUTIES ON LIVE STOCK. 
 
 The translation of a message sent by President Palma to the Cuban 
 Congress regarding changes in customs duties on live stock and on 
 
 barbed wire, as follows: 
 
 Republic op Cuba, 
 
 Executive Mansion. 
 Congress: 
 
 So imperious is the necessity of reestablishing the raising of live stock, the most 
 natural and certain of all the resources of this country, that the executive believes — 
 and without prejudice to the direct aid which he proposes to ask of Congress for its 
 encouragement and development — that private initiative should be stimulated by all 
 possible means, furnishing it a way to enable it to contribute, under favorable cir- 
 cumstances, to the same end. 
 
 To demonstrate this necessity and the incalculable benefit which providing for it 
 would bring to the country, the following considerations are, in the opinion of the 
 executive, sufficient: 
 
 (1) Of the 900,000 caballerias (30,000,000 acres) of which the land comprising the 
 territory of this island is composed, 500,000 caballerias (16,600,000 acres) are at 
 present uncultivated, for which reason they produce nothing. They are, however, 
 adapted to the raising of cattle, and in them at least 4,000,000 head could be splen- 
 didly cared for at the rate of 8 per caballeria (33 J acres). 
 
 (2) Some 300,000 head being on an average the ntimber consumed in the island 
 in one year, when Cuba succeeds by the restocking of her cattle farms in producing 
 the same, their value — reasonably estimated at $30a per head — would amount to 
 $9,000,000, a sum which would remain in the country instead of going to the foreign 
 lands from which such cattle are now obtained, and this aside from the $2,000,000 
 approximate value of the jerked beef at present consumed, aside from the value of 
 the hides, which can be estimated at $1,500,000, and aside from the amount derived 
 from cattle which could be exported to other countries from the surplus of Cuban 
 stock. 
 
 (3) Of the 400,000 head received throughout the island during the year, 200,000 
 should be sent to pasture before being slaughtered, according to reports from 
 authentic sources. As lean cattle, in the six months' pasture which it requires to 
 fatten, should, according to the estimates of competent persons, yield a profit of at 
 least $10 to the cattleman for the greater weight obtained, it results that if these 
 200,000 head are brought in lean to be sent to pasture instead of coming in fattened 
 for immediate slaughter, their fattening in this country would yield $2,000,000, 
 which would be distributed among the cattlemen and planters; or, that is to say, by 
 receiving them fattened the country would not enjoy this considerable profit, but it 
 would go to increase the treasure of a few merchants and of the foreign raisers. 
 However, while we are arriving at this longed-for result — that is, of producing in 
 Cuba the number of cattle required for its consumption — it becomes indispensable to 
 enact efficacious provisions directed not alone to the reproduction of this cattle, but 
 to causing that which is received from the exterior, in the meanwhile, to yield a 
 profit to the country before its slaughter, instead of obtaining it solely — as to-day 
 happens in the majority of cases — with reference to fattened cattle. The executive 
 is consequently of the opinion that the thing to do is to amend the present cxistoms 
 tariffs to attain the end in view, as a principal means for stimulating private initiative 
 in this matter; the customs tariffs in force to-day tending more to favor speculators 
 than to protect the raising of cattle in Cuba. Under these tariffs (class 10, group 1) 
 the duties paid on live stock on its importation into this island are the following: & 
 
 a The present value of the Cuban dollar, or peso, is about 60 cents in United States 
 currency. 
 
 ^Paid in United States gold or its equivalent. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. Ill 
 
 Paragraph 181. 
 Horses and mares: 
 
 ( a) Those exceeding the established height each . . $10 
 
 (6) All others do... 5 
 
 Paragraph 182. 
 She mules each.. 5 
 
 Paragraph 183. 
 Asses ..^ each . . 5 
 
 Paragraph 184- 
 Cattle: 
 
 («) Oxen each- . 2 
 
 (&) Cows do... 2 
 
 (c) Young oxen and cows do... 2 
 
 [d) Calves , do... 1 
 
 In conformity with the foregoing, the executive has the honor to submit to the 
 
 consideration of Congress, for the decision it may desire to adopt, the following 
 bases: 
 
 The following scale shall govern the collection of tariff duties on cattle imported 
 into this island at any one of the ports of Habana, Matanzas, Cardenas, Sagua la 
 Grande, Nuevitas, Gibara, Cienfuegos, Tunas de Zaza, Santa Cruz del Sur, Malnza- 
 nillo, and Santiago de Cuba, the only ones equipped for the purpose. The following 
 will enter free of tariff duties: 
 
 (1) Cows fit for breeding and heifers. 
 
 (2) Cows with their young, on foot. 
 
 (3) Bulls of the Jersey, Guernsey, Devon, Durham, Hereford, Porto Rico, and 
 Argentine Republic breeds, provided the importer duly accredits their origin, states 
 at the time of importation the ranch or farm to which they are destined, and guaran- 
 tees that they will remain on the farm stated for the period of one year, under pen- 
 alty of payment of the following duties: 
 
 If guaranty is not given, each will be assessed $15. 00 
 
 Yearling calves each. . 1. 00 
 
 Fat cattle, male, from Florida, fat to be understood as not exceeding 550 
 
 pounds (253 kilos) in weight each.. 5. 50 
 
 Fat cattle, male, from Honduras, fat to be understood as not exceeding 600 
 
 pounds (276 kilos) in weight each.. 6. 00 
 
 Fat cattle, male, from Mexico, fat to be understood as not exceeding 700 
 
 pounds (322 kilos) in weight each. . 7. 00 
 
 Fat cattle, male, from Venezuela and Colombia, or countries other than those 
 mentioned, fat to be understood as not exceeding 800 pounds (368 kilos) in 
 
 weight each.. 8. 00 
 
 Lean cattle, or those weighing less than the above-mentioned weights, accord- 
 in to their origin each. . 2. 00 
 
 No lean cattle shall be slaughtered before at least three months after their land- 
 ing. For this purpose they shall be branded on entry into the ports of the island 
 with an iron or brand showing that they are for pasture. Before any cattle which 
 may carry the mark referred to are slaughtered, it shall be proven, in the manner 
 which may be provided, that they have been in pasture for the period of three 
 months mentioned. The slaughter of cows is prohibited, excepting those which 
 may be useless for breeding, this to be properly proven. No new tax over those at 
 present established, which might affect the consumption of cattle, shall in any form 
 or for any purpose be collected during the period of three years. The present tariff 
 
112 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 is likewise amended with regard to horses and mules and the following rules estab- 
 lished: 
 
 Stallions exceeding the height established (150 centimeters — 59 inches — measured 
 by rule) and he asses shall enter free of duty. 
 
 Mares exceeding the aforesaid height will pay each . . |4 
 
 Same of less height do 7 
 
 Geldings exceeding the aforesaid height do... 15 
 
 Same of less height do 5 
 
 Mules exceeding the established height do 10 
 
 Same of less height do... 5 
 
 For the period of one year barbed wire and staples used in the construction of 
 fences will be exempted from the payment of tariff duties. 
 
 The decision which Congress may adopt as a law will not take effect before ten 
 days after its publication. The Government will issue the orders and instructions 
 necessary for the enforcement of what Congress may resolve, in case the preceding 
 bases are approved. 
 
 The President. 
 
 Habana, June 21, 1902. 
 
CHAPTER VIL 
 
 NUMBER AND KINDS OF MINES— THEIR EXPLOITATION— PROD- 
 UCT—MINING LAWS, ETC. 
 
 The development of the mining- industry in Cuba may be said to 
 date from the year 1830, when corporations or companies were formed 
 for the purpose of worldng the copper mines in the Province of Oriente; 
 and during the nineteen years following there were exported more 
 than 600,000 tons, valued at over $48,000,000, and this only from two 
 mines, the Consolidada and San Jose. 
 
 Subsequent to the paralization caused by the first war of independ- 
 ence (1868), and as a result of the demand for mineral, the spirit of 
 enterprise was stimulated, researches were made, with the result that 
 numerous copper and iron mines w^ere discovered and worked in 
 Oriente. Soon after manganese mines were discovered in the same 
 Province, and naphtha, gold, and copper in Santa Clara. 
 
 A revival of the industry took place immediatelj^ after peace was 
 restored in 1899, considerable prospecting being done in the Province 
 of Pino del Rio, where it appears that coal mines exist. It is also 
 believed that asphalt and copper mines are to be found in the said 
 Province, and in those of Habana and Matanzas. 
 
 There is not at present sufficient knowledge regarding the real 
 mineral richness of the island to form an exact opinion or to make an 
 accurate estimate of the same. In former times the mines were 
 profitably worked. The industry afterwards was totally stopped, 
 owing to the abnormal circumstances in which the island remained 
 during many years. The benefits of peace are giving new vigor to 
 this enterprise, judging from the great number of petitions for con 
 cessions filed in the offices of the civil governors of Provinces. 
 
 The mineral resources of the island are represented by the following 
 products: Gold, silver, iron, copper, manganese, lead, asphalt, petro- 
 leum, naphtha, graphite, amianthus, asbestos, zinc, mercur}^, and coal. 
 These minerals are found in most of the Provinces, but the richest 
 mineral district is the Province of Oriente, followed in importance by 
 Santa Clara, Camaguey, Pinar del Rio, Matanzas, and Habana. 
 
 The total number of mines surveyed, and the boundaries marked in 
 the island up to December 31, 1903, was 386, containing 20,871 hec- 
 tares, divided among the Provinces, and classified as follows: 
 
 Asphalt 78 
 
 Copper ., 77 
 
 Iron 63 
 
 Pit coal 11 
 
 Oxide of red lead 1 
 
 Manganese 84 
 
 Gold •. 13 
 
 Graphite 2 
 
 Lead 5 
 
 Zinc 2 
 
 Asbestos 1 
 
 Other kinds 49 
 
 Total 386 
 
 159a— 05 8 113 
 
114 
 
 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 The total area of the mining region of Cuba is 66,395 acres, of 
 which 44,586 belong to the Province of Oriente, 4,288 acres to Santa 
 Clara, 5,202 to Camaguey; 1,361 to Pinar del Rio; 444 to Matanzas; 
 and 514 to Habana. 
 
 Of the above number of mines very few of iron, manganese, and 
 copper, in the Province of Oriente, are in operation. The others can 
 be considered only as concessions waiting for funds for exploitation. 
 The administration, according to the laws in force, can not compel the 
 miners to operate their claims. The owner is in possession of his mine 
 to perpetuity, and at his own will may work it or not. The only cause 
 of forfeiture established by the law is the failure to pay the annual 
 taxes. 
 
 The applicants for mines can, according to law, ask for one or 
 several claims at the same time. A claim (pertenencia) is 300 meters 
 (984 feet) long by 200 meters (656 feet) wide (6 hectares, or 14.8 acres), 
 except when the mines are of iron, coal, anthracite, lignite, turf, 
 asphalt, or bituminous clays, when the pertenencia is 500 meters (1,640 
 feet) long and 800 meters (984 feet) wide (15 hectares, or 37 acres). 
 
 The taxes to be paid to the Government are ^5 yearly per hectare 
 (2.471 acres), or $30 for each claim containing 6 hectares (14.8 acres), 
 when the mines are of precious stones or metalliferous substances. 
 
 In the other cases, the tax is $2 per hectare (2.471 acres), and there- 
 fore the total to be paid for the pertenencia may be $12 or $30, 
 according to the surface of the claim. 
 
 The following is a list of the concessions made up to the year 1902: 
 
 
 
 Provinces. 
 
 
 
 
 Minerals. 
 
 Pinar del 
 Rio: 
 
 Habana. 
 
 Matan- 
 zas. 
 
 Santa 
 Clara. 
 
 Puerto 
 Principe. 
 
 Oriente. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 
 17 
 
 20 
 
 24 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 167 
 
 141 
 
 81 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 . 7 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 204 
 
 Manganese 
 
 
 
 145 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 112 
 
 Gold 
 
 29 
 
 
 1 
 5 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 Coal . . 
 
 
 3 
 20 
 
 2 
 22 
 
 
 17 
 
 Asphalt 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 78 
 
 
 1 
 
 Antimony 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 Mercury 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 Zinc blende 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 Oil.. . 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 6 
 
 Tar 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 Red lead 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 Graphite 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Naphtha 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 Silver 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 Lime 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 32 
 
 10 
 
 29 
 
 76 
 
 44 
 
 436 
 
 627 
 
 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 In 1904 the following were granted: 
 
 115 
 
 Provinces. 
 
 Number 
 of mines. 
 
 Hectares. 
 
 Habana 
 
 10 
 26 
 9 
 19 
 12 
 99 
 
 476 
 
 
 1 114 
 
 !Matanzas 
 
 407 
 
 
 386 
 
 
 1,319 
 
 Oriente , - - 
 
 4 398 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 174 
 
 8,100 
 
 
 RECENT MINING OPERATIONS. 
 
 [Note. — The following statements and tables are extracted from a report on the mineral resources of 
 Cuba in 1901, prepared by Harriet Connor Brown, of the Division of Mining and Mineral Resources, 
 under the direction of Dr. David T. Day, of the United States Geological Survey, at Washington, 
 D. C, for General Wood, and inserted in General Wood's civil report of 1902.] 
 
 The commercial production of metals (in 1901) was confined to the 
 Province of Oriente and included only iron and manganese. Three 
 companies in Santiago de Cuba, all practically controlled by one 
 American corporation, produced the iron rained in the island last year, 
 and one company in Santiago de Cuba, also an American organization, 
 produced all the manganese taken from Cuba, with the exception of 
 two small special shipments of a few hundred tons each made by other 
 parties. There was no production of copper save that of a few hun- 
 dred tons shipped as samples from the Provinces of Oriente. Cama- 
 guey, and Matanzas, but it will surprise most people to know that 
 there was any. Asphalt was produced on a commercial scale in the 
 four Provinces of Habana, Matanzas, Santa Clara, and Camaguey. 
 Each of the six Provinces contributed to the total production of brick, 
 stone, and lime. The total value of mineral products for the year 
 1901 amounted to $3,279,978. 
 
 Cuban mineral production reported for 1901. 
 
 Products. 
 
 Produ- 
 cers. 
 
 Unit. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Iron 
 
 Manganese ... 
 
 Copper 
 
 Asphalt 
 
 Stone 
 
 Lime 
 
 Brick and tile. 
 Cement 
 
 Long tons 
 
 .....do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Cubic meters. 
 
 Long tons 
 
 Number 
 
 Long tons 
 
 555,177 
 
 $1,240,555 
 
 24, 104 
 
 96,791 
 
 608 
 
 120,354 
 
 4,554 
 
 38, 950 
 
 461,025 
 
 847, 781 
 
 115,991 
 
 340, 791 
 
 34, 114, 695 
 
 464, 756 
 
 10,000 
 
 130,000 
 
 Total value . 
 
 3, 279, 978 
 
116 
 
 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 The value of production by Provinces is shown in the appended 
 table: 
 
 Mineral production of Cuba, by Provinces, in J 901. 
 
 Province. 
 
 Iron. 
 
 Manga- 
 nese. 
 
 Copper. 
 
 Asphalt. 
 
 Stone. 
 
 Lime. 
 
 Clay. 
 
 Cement. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 $10, 295 
 465, 265 
 59,447 
 131, 524 
 69,325 
 21, 925 
 90,000 
 
 $17, 075 
 200, 183 
 58, 625 
 25, 308 
 14, 690 
 11, 038 
 013,872 
 
 $42,176 
 279, 929 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 $26,600 
 6, 750 
 6,600 
 5,000 
 
 1130,000 
 
 
 
 
 $162 
 
 
 
 
 91,621 
 19, 104 
 
 23, 677 
 8,250 
 
 
 
 
 
 18,360 
 101,832 
 
 
 
 $1,240,555 
 
 $96, 791 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total value 
 
 1,240,555 
 
 96, 791 
 
 120,354 
 
 38,950 
 
 847,781 
 
 340,791 
 
 464, 756 
 
 130,000 
 
 a An estimate of lime used on sugar estates. 
 
 Although the results of this canvass of the- island's mineral resources 
 seem thus insignificant, the investigation is interesting as showing that, 
 under reasonable promise of political and industrial peace, numerous 
 enterprises will be established for the further development of Cuba's 
 mineral wealth. 
 
 IRON, 
 
 The iron ore found throughout the Sierra Maestra Range is both 
 hematite and magnetite. As it is rich in iron and low in sulphur and 
 phosphorus, it is particularly adapted to the Bessemer process. The 
 average analysis of ore produced by the Spanish- American Iron Com- 
 pany during 1901 was as follows: 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 Sulphur 0.11 
 
 Copper 20 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 Metallic iron 62. 5 
 
 Phosphorus 032 
 
 Silica 7. 5 
 
 It is interesting to note that the quarry S37^stem is used exclusively 
 in the development of all these iron properties, as there are no mines 
 at all in the ordinary sense of the term. The ore is found in small 
 irregular bodies, without definite walls, near the tops of hills. The 
 ore, which is extremely hard, is loosened from the country rock by 
 means of sledges and explosives, and steam shovels are employed to 
 remove the upper soil and debris. One of the chief difficulties of the 
 proposition is that of sorting the ore from the country rock. 
 
 The annual shipments of iron ore from Cuba since the opening of 
 the mines in the Province of Oriente in 1884 is shown in the following 
 table: 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 117 
 
 Year. 
 
 J urugua 
 
 Iron Co., 
 
 Ltd. 
 
 Sigua 
 Iron Co. 
 
 Spanish- 
 American 
 Iron Co. 
 
 Cuban 
 
 Steel Ore 
 
 Co. 
 
 Total. 
 
 1884 . 
 
 Long tons. 
 
 25,295 
 
 80, 716 
 112,074 
 
 94,240 
 206, 061 
 260,291 
 363, 842 
 264, 262 
 335, 236 
 337, 155 
 156, 826 
 307,503 
 298, 885 
 248,256 
 
 83,696 
 161, 783 
 154, 871 
 199, 435 
 
 Long tons. 
 
 Long tons. 
 
 Long tons. 
 
 LonMons. 
 25, 295 
 
 1886 
 
 
 
 
 80,716 
 
 1886 . 
 
 
 
 
 112,074 
 
 1887 
 
 
 
 
 94, 240 
 
 1888 
 
 
 
 
 206, 061 
 
 1889 
 
 
 
 
 260, 291 
 
 1890 
 
 
 
 
 363, 842 
 
 1891 . . .... 
 
 
 
 
 264, 262 
 
 1892 
 
 6,418 
 14, 020 
 
 
 
 341, 654 
 
 1893 
 
 
 
 351, 175 
 
 1894 
 
 
 
 156, 826 
 
 1895 . 
 
 
 74, 991 
 
 114,110 
 
 b 206, 029 
 
 84, 643 
 
 215, 406 
 
 292, 001 
 
 c 335, 136 
 
 
 382, 494 
 
 1896 
 
 
 
 412, 995 
 
 
 
 
 454, 285 
 
 1898 . . 
 
 
 
 168, 339 
 
 
 
 
 377,189 
 
 1900 
 
 
 
 446, 872 
 
 1901 
 
 
 20, 666 
 
 555, 237 
 
 
 
 
 
 3, 690, 427 
 
 20,438 
 
 1,322,316 
 
 20, 666 
 
 5, 053, 847 
 
 
 
 a Of this quantity, 5,932 tons were sent to Pictou, Nova Scotia. 
 & Of this quantity, 51,537 tons were sent to foreign ports. 
 c Of this quantity, 12,691 tons were sent to foreign ports. 
 
 The Cuban Mining Company has in the Province of Camaguey a 
 group of iron properties, as follows: 
 
 Name of property. 
 
 John Fritz . . . 
 Catasauqua . . 
 Pennsylvania 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 237 
 276 
 234 
 
 Name of property. 
 
 Pittsburg 
 
 El Yman 
 
 El Panorama 
 
 266 
 
 88 
 247 
 
 The analyses of samples from these various claims areas follows: 
 
 Analyses of iron ores from Camaguey. 
 
 Name. 
 
 El Yman 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Pittsburg 
 
 El Panorama 
 Philadelphia . 
 Catasauqua... 
 John Fritz 
 
 Metallic 
 
 Phos- 
 
 iron. 
 
 phorus. 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 66.68 
 
 0.053 
 
 66.29 
 
 .035 
 
 51.13 
 
 .075 
 
 51.13 
 
 .099 
 
 64.01 
 
 .085 
 
 63.21 
 
 .090 
 
 69.59 
 
 .058 
 
 John Fritz 
 Do.... 
 Do ... . 
 Do.... 
 Do.... 
 Do.... 
 Do.... 
 
 Metallic 
 iron. 
 
 Per cent. 
 67.50 
 67. 192 
 68.00 
 67.13 
 67.00 
 66.00 
 67. 651 
 
 Phos- 
 phorus. 
 
 Per cent. 
 0.050 
 .028 
 .048 
 .042 
 .029 
 .080 
 .048 
 
 The onl}^ occurrences of iron ore that seem to have attracted atten- 
 tion in the Province of Santa Clara are in the Trinidad district. 
 
 In different parts of the island are numerous denouncements of 
 mines, from which the samples assay well in both iron and copper, so 
 that the prospects might be properly classified under either head. 
 
 Numerous prospects of iron have been reported from the Province 
 of Pinar del Rio. Iron properties were worked here years ago on a 
 sugar plantation near the Bay of Bahia Honda. About 60 miles from 
 Bahia Honda, near Dimas, are deposits recentl}^ denounced by Senor 
 Eduardo M. Acevedo, of Habana. He reports that the samples run 
 
 *Vi* 
 
118 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 about 70 per cent metallic iron, with a little manganese. It is under- 
 stood that the Cuban Mining and Development Company (Limited) of 
 England, which has been opening up copper properties at Bahia Honda, 
 is also interested in various denouncements of iron in this Province. 
 
 MANGANESE. 
 
 The production of manganese ore in Cuba during the year 1901 
 amounted to 21,101 long tons, valued at $96,Y91. With the exception 
 of a few hundred tons, this output was all produced by the Ponupo 
 Mining and Transportation Company, of Santiago de Cuba. The 
 mines of this company are near La Maya, about 16 miles northeast of 
 El Cristo. From La Maj^a a branch connects with the Sabanilla y 
 Moroto Railroad, thus enabling the ore to be transported into the city 
 of Santiago de Cuba. The Ponupo group includes the Vencedora, the 
 Sultana, the Balkanes, the Inca, the Generala, the Serrallo, and the 
 Mascota mines, but the Vencedora is the only one of the group that 
 has been worked. This company made its first shipment of ore in 
 1895. Operations were discontinued for a while during the last war, 
 but were resumed in 1898 and have been steadil}^ carried on ever since. 
 
 The occurrence of manganese in the Vencedora mine is in pockets 
 associated with jasper. Some of the larger and better pockets are 
 nearly exhausted, but some prospecting has been done on other prop- 
 erties, with the result that ore has been found in the numerous pits 
 sunk there, and work will begin on these properties as soon as it is 
 necessary in order to keep up the output. The Ponupo ore averages 
 about 47 per cent metallic manganese. The product is subjected to a 
 process of washing before being shipped. For this purpose concen- 
 trators of the jig type, known as the Lehigh washers, are used, being 
 similar to those emploj^ed in the United States to wash brown hematite 
 ores. 
 
 About 3 miles southeast of the town of El Cristo are the ^oston 
 mines, formerly known as the Avispero group. This property is at 
 present operated bj^ the Standard Manganese Company, of New York 
 City. The first shipment, consisting of 2,500 tons of ore, was made 
 about the middle of June, 1902. The main features of the concentra- 
 tion plant are 10 Hartz jigs. • A large Corliss engine furnishes the 
 necessary power. A combination of improved "log washers" is 
 installed, including a picking table. Water for the work is supplied 
 through the agency of six hydraulic engines of 6-inch delivery each, 
 assisted during dry weather b}^ a steam pump. These combine to 
 raise the water 150 feet from the Guaninicum Eiver to the mill. The 
 work at the mine consists of an open cut across the crest of a hill 
 through sandstone, mixed sandstone, and manganese. The ore occurs 
 in pockets, the bulk of it being in wash dirt. By picking, some very 
 good manganese is obtained which does not require washing. The 
 
HANDBOOK OF OUBA. 119 
 
 mineral, which consists of the different oxides of manganese in con- 
 junction with quartz, is found with quantities of large and fine crystals 
 of pyrolusite. When ready for shipment the ore is reported to run 
 60 per cent metallic manganese and upward, with 1 to ;Vper cent iron 
 and an extremel}^ small amount of sulphur and phosphorus. 
 
 Besides the San Luis district, which includes the properties men- 
 tioned near La Maya and El Cristo, numerous other districts in the 
 Province of Oriente boast deposits of manganese sufficiently large to 
 be considered commercially attractive. These include the Majaba Hill 
 district, about 21 miles northwest of Santiago de Cuba; Los Negros 
 district, about 75 miles west-northwest of Santiago; the Bueycito dis- 
 trict, about 42 miles east of Manzanillo; the Portillo district, near 
 Portillo, on the south coast; and the Maciq/ district, between Guama 
 and Santiago de Cuba. 
 
 The manganese found in these Cuban deposits usuall}" occurs in lime- 
 stone and sandstone associated with a secondary silica called jasper. 
 The ore is not in large bodies, but in small pockets, irregularly scat- 
 tered, deposits varying in size from a pebble to masses that would 
 weigh several hundred tons. Manganese is also found in the form of 
 wash dirt, which is the result of decomposition of the original ore- 
 bearing rocks. Most of the Cuban ore is in this form. 
 
 The Engineering and Mining Journal of February l-±, 1903, in mak- 
 ing a report on manganese mining in Cuba, states that the Ponupo 
 mine is the most important in Cuba, and it is likely to maintain that 
 position. The output for last year was 33,000 tons, averaging 49 per 
 cent manganese. This property is more extensively developed than 
 any other manganese property in Cuba, and has several reserve 
 deposits as yet only exploited enough to demonstrate the presence of 
 manganese in quantity. One of these is now about to be developed. 
 
 The Ponupo mine proper is a dome-shaped hill about 80 acres in 
 extent, situated about 650 feet above sea level and 125 feet above a 
 small stream to the north and east. On the south a branch railroad 
 extends into the surface workings. The ore is found well distributed 
 over the entire hill. It is mingled, more or less, with byates, which are 
 mixtures of jasper and manganese oxide. In some places the bj^ate 
 exists in immense masses weighing several hundred tons. The man- 
 ganese oxide may be either massive or penetrate into the bj^ate. 
 Beds, blankets, or pockets of manganese oxide occur, for the most 
 part parallel to the surface of the hill ; more than one layer may occur 
 and the overburden varies from practically nothing to 10 or 15 feet. 
 
 The ore varies from nearly pure manganese oxide to mixtures of 
 rock and dirt. At this time it is deemed advisable to work onl}^ such 
 material as can be separated by a log washer, of which there are three 
 at this time. The tailings carr}^ from 15 to 30 per cent manganese, 
 and are impounded, as the laws do not permit of their being turned 
 into the stream. 
 
120 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Constant prospecting for new ore is going on, and upon the 700 acres 
 owned I)}" the compan}^ several new deposits have been discovered. 
 The number of men employed varies from 150 to 225; wages are 86 
 cents per day. The usual output of these mines is 2,000 tons of ore 
 per month. The prospective yield for next year is the same as for 
 1902. 
 
 These mines are situated 22 miles from Santiago. The freight rate 
 is 139 per car of 30 tons; the royalty, 7 per cent. Transport to New 
 York is $1.80 to $2 per ton; cost of mining, $2,25. A cargo of from 
 2,000 to 4,000 tons is kept on hand at the mine. Upon arrival of a 
 vessel it is delivered to the ship at the rate of 400 tons per da3^ 
 
 The Boston and Ysabelita mines are now being worked. The former 
 has on hand about 2,000 tons of ore, which has been separated by a 
 double-process log washer in combination with compound jigs. This 
 mine has its own railroad from the main line at Cristo, about 3 miles 
 distant. 
 
 This company also has an aerial tram from the mine to the mill, a 
 distance of 3,000 feet. Operations have begun, and it remains to be 
 seen if the jig process in the mill is to be a success. 
 
 COPPER. 
 
 The first mines worked in the island were the copper mines at a 
 place appropriately called El Cobre, about 12 miles ^vest of the city of 
 Santiago de Cuba. They were opened up about 1530 and worked by 
 the Spanish Government as Crown possessions for some two hundred 
 years, and then abandoned. They had been idle for more than a 
 century when an English company, usually denominated The Consoli- 
 dated, was organized with a capital of $2,400,000 and 12,000 shares, 
 and reopened these mines in 1830, emplojdng about 2,000 men in 
 their development, A few years later a new company, called the San 
 Jose Company (Empresa de San Jose), was organized; other com- 
 panies, of minor importance were organized about this same time, and 
 some of them carried on operations. The records of Santiago de 
 Cuba show that between $50,000,000 and $60,000,000 worth of ore 
 was taken from El Cobre between the years 1830 and 1868, It is said 
 that between 1851 and 1862 The Consolidated and the San Jose 
 exported 178,595 tons of ore, valued at $16,628,168. A railroad to 
 convey the ore was built in 1843 from El Cobre to Santiago Bay, and, 
 apparently, prosperity was in the air. 
 
 About that time trouble began. The railroad was owned by a 
 Spanish corporation organized in Habana, with which the mine owners 
 became involved in litigation on the subject of rates. The railroad 
 won the lawsuit, but got little satisfaction out of its triumph, for, 
 owing to the exorbitant freight charges, the reduced price of copper, 
 and the unsettled political condition of the country, the mines were 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 121 
 
 soon obliged to shut down. The buildings and machinery of El 
 Cobre, which included an enormous Cornish pump and a concentra- 
 tion plant, were entirely destroyed during the wars, the railroad was 
 virtually wrecked, and the mines became so flooded that it was not 
 even possible to inspect them. 
 
 About two years ago an American company, which had acquired 
 the titles of the old companies, took hold of the mines and began to 
 unwater them. They took for a name a modification of one long since 
 familiar, The San Jose Copper Mining Company. In the meantime 
 the Empresa del Ferrocarril y Minas del Cobre, which took its name 
 from the old railroad, showed signs of reviving activity under the 
 leadership of its president, Senor Gonzalez Mendoza, of Habana. 
 These interests were combined about February 1, 1902, in a new com- 
 panj^ incorporated under the laws of West Virginia, with the name of 
 El Cobre Mines. Practically all the copper mines of this district that 
 have ever reached any degree of development are now under the con- 
 trol of this one compan}^ 
 
 The greater part of the copper produced in Cuba during 1901 was 
 extracted from the upper workings of mines owned by the Empresa 
 del Ferrocarril y Minas del Cobre. It amounted to 510 tons of chal- 
 copyrite, all of which was shipped to New York, and to Swansea, 
 England. The 260 tons shipped to New York sold for about $66 a 
 a ton, the assays showing 23 per cent of metal. In addition to the 
 chalcopyrite, about 30 tons of cement copper (cobre cementado) were 
 also produced, as noted above. This cement copper was made by 
 precipitating in tanks, through the agency of scrap iron, the copper 
 being held in solution in the water that had drained old waste dumps. 
 
 Numerous indications of copper have been found in the vicinity of 
 Santiago de Cuba, but no considerable deposits other than those at 
 El Cobre have been located. Copper stains are seen at various points 
 on the first 20 miles of railway out of San Luis. Near the town of 
 Dos Palmas, about 12 miles northwest of El Cobre, is a mine known 
 as the ' ' Imprevista," on the plantation of La Union. Here is a showing 
 of native copper in masses and amygdules scattered through conglom- 
 erate. No systematic exploitation of the deposits has been under- 
 taken, but a number of shafts have been sunk. There has been no 
 production of ore, the nature of the work being purely that of pros- 
 pecting. It is said that there are promising copper prospects south- 
 east of Mahzanillo, and indications of copper ore have been found in 
 the vicinity of El Caney. In the early part of the last centurj^ copper 
 mines were activel}" worked in the neighborhood of Gibara. 
 
 Up to the year 1830 the only copper properties in Cuba that were 
 developed were in the province of Oriente, but about that time numer- 
 ous prospects were discovered in the Provinces of Camagiiey, Santa 
 Clara, and Matanzas. The most notable deposits in the Province of 
 
122 
 
 HANDBOOK OB^ CUBA. 
 
 Camagiiey that were worked in past daj^s were those near the town of 
 Las Minas, which is about 27 miles east of the cit}^ of Camagiie}^, 
 on the Puerto Principe and Nuevitas Railway. Here are many old 
 shafts, some of which show evidences of having- been decidedly pro- 
 ductive in past years. These have recently been somewhat devel- 
 oped by the Cuban Mining Company. This company possesses twelve 
 copper properties, which are as follows: 
 
 Name of mine. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Analysis. 
 
 Copper Prince No. 1 
 Copper Prince No. 2 
 
 El Cobre 
 
 Columbia 
 
 La Cubana 
 
 Bayataba 
 
 Cuba Libre 
 
 Bethlehem 
 
 Allentown 
 
 Copper Prince No. 3 
 
 Nuevitas 
 
 La Prueba 
 
 61 
 133 
 
 49 
 148 
 
 46 
 133 
 197 
 
 61 
 157 
 
 69 
 158 
 
 39 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 5.50 
 
 4. 51 to 37. 00 
 
 8.02 
 
 17.17 
 
 12. 51 to 18. 95 
 
 8.04 
 
 16. 93 to 21. 95 
 
 13.66 
 
 Not prospected . 
 
 12.42 
 
 Not prospected . 
 do 
 
 There are numerous copper prospects in the Province of Santa 
 Clara. The country around Trinidad is considered promising ground 
 for the prospector. Surface indications of copper and iron are very 
 frequent, especially in the range of mountains l3^ing between Trinidad 
 and Sancti Spiritus, and many of these occurrences have been denounced. 
 The Manicaragua district has long been considered especially rich in 
 mineral resources. The principal interesting prospects of this locality 
 were visited by the geological reconnaissance party of 1900. These 
 included four copper mines on the Finca San Joaquin, about 12 miles 
 west of Manicaragua, the north side of the River Arimao. 
 
 The only copper prospect in Matanzas Province which has been at 
 all developed is El Recreo, a property about 7 miles from the city of 
 Matanzas and 5 miles from the north coast, counting the port of 
 Escondido as the nearest seaport. The Matanzas and Canasi macad- 
 amized road runs one-half mile south of the mine, and the Matanzas 
 and Escondido road passes through the property. , 
 
 ASPHALT. 
 
 Bituminous deposits, including everything from a clear translucent 
 oil resembling petroleum, through maltha, chapapote, or mineral tai', 
 and asphalt to hard grahamite, glance pitch, and substances that so 
 nearly resemble bituminous and lignite coal as to be denominated by 
 the natives of the island "carbon de piedra," are found in every Prov- 
 ince of Cuba. The best advertised of these various bitumens is the 
 asphalt (asfalto), a word locally applied to a wide variety of forms, the 
 only modifying term usually thought necessary being "solido," or 
 "liquido," so that a bituminous deposit of any kind in Cuba is usually 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 123 
 
 described by its owner as a mine of hard or soft asphalt, as the case 
 may be. Many of these deposits have been worked more or less 
 extensivel}" in past years. Oil has been found in Cuba which has 
 been successfully refined on the island and used as an illuminant, also 
 as a fuel; asphalt is mined there, which is being employed as an 
 enricher in the manufacture of gas, and is also doing duty as material 
 for roofing and for street pavements; grahamite and glance pitch are 
 found there, which sell in this country and abroad to manufacturers 
 of varnishes and paints; and on at least one plantation a substance is 
 being mined which performs the functions of coal in the kitchen. 
 Whatever the exact and proper titles for these various forms of bitu- 
 men, their uses would seem to be sufiiciently varied and the deposits 
 extensive enough to be of some commercial interest. 
 
 It is sometimes stated that Cuban asphalt tried on the streets of 
 "Washington has been a failure. This statement is disputed by Mr. 
 A. L. Dow, the District chemist. It is true that some Cardenas asphalt 
 laid on Fourteenth street has not been considered a success, but it 
 is acknowledged to have been badly put down. On the other hand, 
 about 4,000 square Awards of asphalt furnished by the W^est Indies 
 Company and put down on Connecticut avenue has proved eminentl}' 
 satisfactory. Mr. Dow also states that the Hamel-Keynaldos asphalt 
 used on F street northeast has worn well. 
 
 These bituminous deposits are chiefly found along the north shore 
 of the island, extending in a broken semicircle from Bahia Honda, in 
 the Province of Pinar del Rio, to Puerto Padre, in the Province of 
 Oriente. 
 
 Analysis of asphalt from Pinar del Rio. 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 Matter soluble in chloroform 71. 08 
 
 Other organic matter and matter volatile on ignition. 2. 80 
 
 Mineral matter 26. 1 2 
 
 Total .- 100.00 
 
 Comparison of La Union {Cuba) asphalt with Trinidad asp)halt. 
 
 Constituents. 
 
 La Union. Trinidad 
 
 Total bitumen 
 
 Insoluble material 
 
 Volatile oils (approximately) 
 
 Moisture 
 
 Mineral (principally carbonate of lime) . 
 
 Total 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 53.90 
 
 3.29 
 
 .77 
 
 2.83 
 
 39.21 
 
 Per cent. 
 54.50 
 9.44 
 
 100. 00 
 
 Cardenas (Province of Matanzas) was once known as the center of 
 the asphalt industry of Cuba. Its deposits of asphalt in the bed of the 
 bay have had widespread fame, and some of them have been worked 
 quite extensively during the last twenty-five years. Mr. J. L. Hance 
 
124 HANDBOOK OB^ CUBA. 
 
 is authority for the statement that in 1882 an American vessel, moored 
 over one of the deposits in the bay, took on board more than 300 tons of 
 asphalt in the space of three weeks. 
 
 Characteristics of La Lola asphalt, Province of Matanzas. 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 Moisture and gases 2. 50 
 
 Carbon and combustible substances. ^ 52. 00 
 
 Residue 45. 50 
 
 Total ,..., 100.00 
 
 Beginning of agglutination, 50° C. ; beginning of fusion, 90° C. 
 ■ Bitumen soluble in carbon bisulphide, 55 per cent. 
 Nature of residue: Oxide of iron, lime, silica, alumina, and sulphur in small 
 
 quantities. 
 
 Analysis of Mercedita asphalt, Province of Matanzas. 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 Water 0.38 
 
 Petroline 12.00 
 
 Asphaltine 26.12 
 
 Carbonate of lime 61. 50 
 
 Total 100. 00 
 
 The occurrence of grahamite in parts of the world other than West 
 Virginia has not been noticed in print, although bitumens which are 
 undoubtedly grahamites have been described from two localities in the 
 United States under other names. Cuba is remarkable for the fact 
 that it contains more instances of veins filled with bitumen in the 
 form of grahamite than are known altogether elsewhere. Grahamites 
 occur in Cuba in the form of pure bitumens and mixed with fragments 
 of the vein walls of the formation in which they occur, the pure bitu- 
 mens at La America mine near Bahia Honda, at Guanabacoa, and at 
 the La Habana mine near Mariel River, at the Magdalena and Mer- 
 cedes mines, and at the Santa Eloisa mine near Santa Clara City. The 
 solid bitumens found in various other prospects are in many instances 
 also grahamites, especially in the Provinces of Habana and Pinar 
 del Rio. 
 
 STONE AND LIME. 
 
 The production of stone in the island of Cuba reported for the year 
 1901 amounted to 461,025 cubic meters, valued at 1847,781. Most of 
 this stone was limestone. Extensive beds of soft white, yellow, and 
 grsij limestones are found in every Province. 
 
 The limestone foundation of the island is in many places almost pure 
 carbonate of lime, and naturally affords excellent material for the 
 manufacture of quicklime. Lime is used in Cuba for all the ordinary 
 purposes of construction and disinfection, but besides that it is in 
 much demand on the sugar estates, where it is employed to bleach the 
 sugar. On some plantations it is used to a much greater extent than 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 125 
 
 on others, but an approximate estimate would be about 120 tons of 
 sugar per hogshead of 1,500 pounds. As the exact number of tons of 
 sugar produced in Cuba in 1901 amounted to 621,589 English tons, it 
 follows that over .3,468 tons of lime were consumed on the sugar 
 estates of the island. Most of the sugar planters have limestone 
 deposits on their plantations and burn the lime as it is required. 
 
 MARBLE. 
 
 The only marble of importance is that which is found in the two 
 mountains east and west of Nueva Gerona, on the north coast of the 
 Isle of Pines. The marble is of good quality, ranging from a good 
 white statuary stone through various shades of blue-veined to dark 
 gray. Specimens with pinkish tints are also found. Some of the mar- 
 .ble is reported by experts to be suitable for the finest statuary, the 
 color being the purest white. Other varieties of different hues are 
 suitable for ornamentation and art, as they take on a good polish. The 
 stone is free from cracks, and will furnish slabs of any size, the 
 deposits varying from 5 to 25 feet in thickness, and being so situated 
 as to meet all requirements of convenient and economical transporta- 
 tion to points of shipment on the coast. 
 
 SALT DEPOSITS. 
 
 There are important deposits in Varadero, Cardenas, and Cayo 
 Romano. 
 
 A salt deposit exists near Salinas Point, Isle of Pines. From this 
 point to the third Salinas Point there are large clear salt pits, without 
 trees, easy to work, which increase in width for some distance. 
 
 OUTPUT OF CUBAN MINES. 
 
 The annual production of the number of mines actually operated, 
 namely, 5 asphalt, 3 copper, 12 iron, 3 manganese, and 1 naphtha, give 
 a total output valued at $1,446,000, as follows: Asphalt, $122,900; 
 copper, approximately, $13,068; iron, $1,146,892; manganese, $163,140. 
 
 NAMES OF MINES AND THEIR LOCATION. 
 
 The names of mines, the owners, location, and annual output in 1904 
 in tons are as follows: 
 
 Asphalt, — Union mine, located at Guanajay, Pinar del Rio Province; 
 10,000 tons annual product; owners, Zardain & Aspuru. The Angela 
 Elmira mine, located at Bejucal, Habana Province; annual output, 
 3,000 tons; owners. West Indies Company. The Maria Rayon mine, 
 at Moron, Camaguey; output, 180 tons; owner, M. A. Glynn. The 
 Amparo mine, owner, Francisco Moreno, and the Desengano, owner, 
 Gerardo Abiegn, both located at Sancti Spiritus, Santa Clara Province, 
 have an annual output of about 125 tons each. 
 
126 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Copper. — The copper mines in operation are located at Cobre, 
 Oriente. The Caridad and Concepcion are owned by Maximaliano 
 Salcedo; the Mina Grande is owned by the Cobre Mine Company. 
 
 Iron. — The iron mines in operation are owned .by two companies, 
 namely, the Spanish- American Iron Company and the Juragua Iron 
 Company, all located at Caney, Oriente Province. The Spanish- 
 American Iron Company's mines, Lola, Lola 2d, San Antonio, and 
 San Rafael, gave an output last j'^ear of 493,860 tons, while the 
 Juragua Iron Compan3'^'s mines, Abundancia, Firmena, Resolucion, 
 Fomento, Jupiter, Union, Constancia, and Columbia, gave an output 
 of 235,476 tons; the total output of iron being 729,336 tons. 
 
 Manganese. — The Vencedores and the Serallo mines, owned by the 
 Ponupo Mining Company at Alto Songo, Oriente Province, produced 
 last 3^ear 26,352 tons. The Boston mine, at Caney, Oriente Province, 
 owned by the Standard Manganese Company, produced 6,267 tons. 
 Total manganese produced during the year 32,628 tons. 
 
 Naphtha. — At Rancho Veloz, in the Province of Santa Clara, a mine 
 known as San Juan de Motembo produced 60 tons of naphtha. 
 
 MINING LAWS. 
 
 In a pamphlet published by the Bureau of Insular Affairs of the 
 United States War Department, entitled "The Mining Law," is quoted 
 the law in force, which is that of July 6, 1859, with the modifications 
 introduced March 4, 1868. This is the law in force in Spain and was 
 declared in force in this island by royal decree issued October 10, 
 1883. The rules and instructions of July 24, 1868, and the law con- 
 taining the new basis on which all legislation on mines was to rest in 
 the future, is also contained in the pamphlet referred to. The number 
 of mines declared in Cuba exceeds 700, and the area covered is 70,000 
 acres. 
 
CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 MANUFACTURING AND OTHER INDUSTRIES— DEVELOPMENT, 
 PRODUCTION, LAWS GOVERNING TAXES, ETC. 
 
 Cuba being a thinly populated country its agricultural industries 
 are the most important. Among the latter the production of sugar 
 and preparation of tobacco for the manufacture of cigars and ciga- 
 rettes occupy the first place. 
 
 NUMBER OF SUGAR ESTATES. 
 
 The number of sugar plantations or mills in the island of Cuba is 
 very small as compared with the number existing in the year 1877, 
 for out of 473 plantations manufacturing sugar at that time only 169 did 
 so in the crop of 1902-1903. This fact, however, has not diminished 
 the amount, inasmuch as the necessity of reducing the cost of produc- 
 tion has brought with it an increase in the output of the mills, and the 
 disappearance of those plantations that were not able to adapt them- 
 selves to present conditions. The plantations proper were substituted 
 by the "centrales." The latter grind not only the cane grown on their 
 own fields but also all the cane that can be obtained from the surround- 
 ing country; and in many cases the raw material comes from great dis- 
 tances and is hauled to the mill by public railroads or lines owned by 
 the estate. It can, therefore, be safely asserted that the crops, instead 
 of being reduced, have increased from 460,810 tons, which was the 
 output of the crop of 1877, to 1,000,000 tons produced by a much 
 smaller number of plantations, or say less than one-half the number 
 existing in 1877. 
 
 From data obtained in the department of agriculture it is found that 
 during the fiscal 3^ear 1899-1900 there were 574 plantations on the 
 island, of which 483 had been to a greater or less extent destroyed, 
 leaving 91 in good condition. Of the number first mentioned 97 are 
 being reconstructed. In the crop of 1900-1901 (the first after peace 
 was established) 157 plantations manufactured sugar, with an output 
 of 621,589 tons; in 1901-2, 168 plantations manufactured sugar with 
 an output of 871,913 tons, and lastly, during the year 1902-3, the 
 same number, 168, gave an output of 1,028,379 tons. 
 
 127 
 
128 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 The yield per cent of sugar from cane ground, which was 8.9 from 
 first boilings and 0.08 from the second in 1900-1901, rose to 9.083 and 
 1.859, respectivel}^, in 1901-2, falling during the following crop, 
 1902-3, to 8.886 and 0.825, due to a less rich molasses from cane con- 
 taining a smaller proportion of saccharine matter. 
 
 COST OF MANUFACTURING SUGAR. 
 
 As the factors contributing to fix the price of cane— the raw material 
 of the sugar industry — vary, as well as those that influence the pro- 
 cess of manufacturing, according to the economic conditions in which 
 they are developed, resulting from the technical and practical knowl- 
 edge of the planter, the cost of manufacturing sugar also varies con- 
 siderably. Nevertheless, and with the object only of giving an approx- 
 imate idea of the cost of production, the following calculation is made. 
 
 The price of 100 arrobas of cane placed at the mill is $2.60; admit- 
 ting that salaries, wages, and other general expenses for handling 100 
 arrobas are 80 cents to $1.20, the latter depending upon the size of the 
 plantation, its resources, location; or, say, on an average $1.00, and 
 that the yield of sugar is 10 per cent (the average obtained in the last 
 two crops), the total cost of an arroba of sugar would be, including the 
 value of the cane, 2.60+1. 00-^10=$0.36; and if we calculate the cost 
 of transportation to the nearest shipping port, on an average 5 cents 
 per arroba, the result* would be that an arroba of sugar, delivered in 
 the warehouses on the coast, will cost $0.41, or at the' rate of $3.57 
 per hundred kilograms without including interest on the capital and 
 accumulation of the same. 
 
 ALCOHOL. 
 
 This industry, an offspring of the manufacture of sugar, and which 
 permits molasses — a residue of said article— to be utilized, attained at 
 one time an important place in the industries of the island, during 
 which period alcohol for export to South American countries was pro- 
 duced in large quantities. Subsequently^ the import duties placed 
 upon the article by Argentina and Uruguay, the principal consumers 
 of Cuban ale hoi, were greatly increased with the object of protecting 
 their own product, since which time the production has been reduced 
 to the amount necessary for home consumption only. 
 
 In the Province of Oriente there are a number of distilleries where 
 rum of excellent quality is made, especially the famous Ron Bacardi. 
 
 Although it is difficult to furnish accurate information relative to 
 the cost of producing alcohol in Cuba, it can- be stated that 100 kilo- 
 grams of molasses testing 60° yield 33 liters of alcohol of 42° Cartier, 
 and if alcohol is made directly from cane juice it will require to 
 obtain 25 pipotes (173 American gallons) of 40° Cartier, 17,000 arrobas 
 of cane, which, at the price of $2.60 per hundred, will cost $442, and 
 calculating salaries, wages, price of packing cases and hauling to 
 
HANDBOOK OF OUHA. 129 
 
 nearest port, and the interest and return of the capital, taxes, etc., at 
 $367, the total cost of 26 pipotes will be $809, or $82.30 each, or 19 
 cents per gallon. 
 
 The market price of a pipe of 40° alcohol fluctuates between $42 
 and $48, according to the quality. 
 
 TOBACCO. 
 
 The manipulation of the tobacco leaf after it has been harvested, 
 with the object of preparing it for the manufacture of cigars and 
 cigarettes, constitutes the agricultural industry of tobacco. 
 
 This operation is reduced to drying, piling, sorting, and baling the 
 leaf and costs about $1,729, which, added to the $7,940 as the cost of 
 cultivation, makes a total of $9,669.. 
 
 The cost of production is about the same all over the island, but 
 naturally this is subject to variation, according to the locality, quality 
 of the land, methods of cultivation, price of labor, and other factors 
 that have an influence on production in general. 
 
 According to the agricultural expert, Mr. J. B. Jimenez, in the 
 Provinces of Pinar del Rio and Santa Clara, tobacco in bulk can not be 
 obtained for less than from 15 to 20 cents and from 8 to 10 cents per 
 pound, Spanish gold, and allow any margin of profit to the buyer. 
 
 TOBACCO TRADE. 
 
 The tobacco factories established in the principal cities and towns 
 of the island emplo}^ a considerable number of men and women, and 
 the importance of their production is evidenced by the fact that during 
 the last fiscal year, 1902-3, 204,848,643 cigars, valued at $12,395,530, 
 were exported; 13,197,210 packages of cigarettes, valued at $364,660, 
 and 161,061 pounds of cut tobacco, worth $60,445. 
 
 The importance of this industry is also shown by the magnificent 
 buildings in which the tobacco factories of the city of Habana are 
 established, where employment is given to thousands of workmen, 
 many of whom, the selectors for example, make from $5 to $6 per 
 day. 
 
 The number of cigars made for export from Cuba in 1902 is repre- 
 sented by the figure, 208,041,295; and during that same period there 
 were exported more than 90,000,000 cigarettes. In 1859, Cuba 
 exported 250,000,000 cigars, of which quantity the United States 
 imported 102,000,000, and thirty years afterwards the importations of 
 the United States were one-third of that number. 
 
 From January 1 to December 15, of 1902 there were exported 
 through the port of Habana 244,694 tierces, 199,130,826 tobacco 
 twists, 11,279,307 small boxes of cigars, and 62,107 kilograms of cut 
 tobacco. From January 1 to December 15, of 1903, there were 
 
 159a— 05 9 
 
130 
 
 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 exported through our port 270,191 tierces, 200,183,396 tobacco twists, 
 11,026,781 small boxes of cigars, and 106,627 kilograms of cut tobacco. 
 That is to say, that there has been an increase in favor of the current 
 year of 1903 of 25,497 tierces, 1,052,570 tobacco twists, 2,747,477 
 small boxes of cigars, and 44,520 kilograms of cut tobacco. 
 
 About 19,000 persons are employed in the tobacco industry in Habana, 
 and in May, 1901, there were in this city 116 tobacco factories, besides 
 51 manufacturers on a small scale, which, according to law, can not 
 employ more than 7 tobacco workers each, and whose manufacture is 
 for domestic sale. 
 
 Importation of Cuban cigars by the UniZed States. 
 
 1889 101, 698, 560 
 
 1890 95,105,760 
 
 1891 52, 015, 600 
 
 1892 54, 472, 250 
 
 1893 46, 033, 660 
 
 1894 40,048,330 
 
 1895 39,579,400 
 
 1896 40,601,750 
 
 1897 34,017,583 
 
 1898 27, 641, 833 
 
 1899 34, 886, 166 
 
 1900 38, 379, 916 
 
 Comparison of exports in 1903 and 1903. 
 
 
 Cigars. 
 
 Cigarettes. 
 
 Cut tobacco. 
 
 Jan. 1 to Dec. 31— 
 
 1903 . 
 
 Number. 
 205, 607, 450 
 208, 508, 550 
 
 Packages. 
 14,341,445 
 11, 670, 155 
 
 Kilograms. 
 106, 874 
 
 1902 
 
 65, 359 
 
 
 
 Excess iu 1903 
 
 98, 900 
 
 2,671,290 
 
 41, 515 
 
 
 
 In 1904 the cigars exported numbered 205,244,298, valued at 
 $12,302,969, of which 45,769,422, valued at $2,888,111, went to the 
 United States; 28,388,074, valued at $1,968,395, to Germany, and 
 92,559,817, valued at $5,197,785, to England. Of cigarettes, 14,662,209 
 packages (each package containing about 14), valued at $404,173, were 
 exported during the year. Of these, 287,767 packages, valued at 
 $7,055, went to the United States; 16,693,372 packages, valued at 
 $49,070, to Dutch possessions; 1,323,127 packages, valued at $40,926, 
 to British islands; 7,259,354 packages, valued at $191,854, to Colom- 
 bia, and 586,002 packages, valued $17,632, to Germany. Much of the 
 remainder went to the Canary Islands. The export of cut tobacco 
 amounted to 226,648 pounds, valued at $81,031, of which the United 
 States received 75,205 pounds, valued at $23,583, and Colombia 67,283 
 pounds, valued at $21,201. 
 
 TEXTILE INDUSTRY. 
 
 Although there are in the island of Cuba about 70 caballerias of 
 land planted in henequen (hemp) and three or four industrial plants 
 with the necessary machinery to prepare the fiber for market, the out- 
 jjut is yet limited and insufficient to furnish the quantity of raw 
 
TOBACCO PACK TRAIN. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 131 
 
 material required to supply existing nianufactories; these being com- 
 pelled to use imported fiber, the latter coming principally from Yuca- 
 tan. During the fiscal year 1902-3, 1,649 tons, valued at $245,872, 
 were imported from the latter country, as against 6,830 tons in 1899- 
 1900. This was due no doubt to the high prices obtained for hene- 
 quen, which resulted in an increased number of plantations being 
 established in Cuba, and there is little doubt that in the near future 
 she will be able to produce from 3,000,000 k) 4,000,000 pounds, which 
 is the amount necessary to supply the home market. 
 
 In th^ north coast of the island there are large tracts of high land 
 of rocky formation, specially used for the cultivation of hemp, and 
 the persons who have studied the matter affirm that this industry 
 would be very profitable if properly attended to. The leaf is said to 
 contain 10 per cent more fiber than the plant that has been such a 
 source of wealth to the Yucatan Peninsula, and the quality of this 
 fiber is about the same in Cuba. The production is on the average 
 68 pounds of fiber to every thousand leaves. 
 
 Messrs. Heydrich, Raffloer & Co. established in 1890 a large factory 
 in Habana, and in 1900 they purchased a small factory that had been 
 working for the last twenty years in Regla, and since then their suc- 
 cessors, Raffloer, Erbsloeh & Co., have been doing business on a large 
 scale. Last year they imported 3,500,000 pounds of Yucatan hemp 
 and 2,000,000 pounds from Manila. At present thej^ are cultivating 
 hemp in two Provinces of the island, and they expect that within two 
 years the Cuban production will reach 2,000,000 pounds and that at 
 no distant date it will be sufficient for the consumption of the factory. 
 Working night and day the factory makes 35,000 pounds of rope and 
 bagging per diem, and, with the exception of the tarred rope imported 
 from Spain and Italy, the factories at Regla and Habana are furnish- 
 ing 95 per cent of the rope consumed in Cuba, and the}^ use all the 
 fiber cultivated in the island, which in 1904 amounted to 550,000 pounds. 
 
 This factory is situated fronting the sea, thus facilitating the unload- 
 ing on the wharf of the raw material and its transportation b}^ means 
 of a railway to the warehouses. 
 
 The establishment contains all kinds of machinery, with which is 
 manufactured from the finest thread to the heaviest and strongest 
 cables for ships and other purposes. 
 
 It is provided with two steam engines and two dynamos, has a 
 repair shop, boiler rooms, and warehouses, with sufficient capacity for 
 5,000 bales of henequen. 
 
 It is generally believed that in five or six years the production of 
 fiber will be more than sufficient for the national consumption and that 
 a large amount will be exported. 
 
132 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 OTHER MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. 
 
 Thei'e are, besides, in the Republic other industries which do not 
 lack importance. Some of these, for instance, are the manufacture of 
 liquors, preserves and sweets, and others dependent upon sugar; 
 some again, such as cooperage and box making, are subordinate to the 
 tobacco industrj^; and there are yet others, as for instance the manu- 
 facture of cement, beer, shoes, iron, paper, soap, etc., that are sus- 
 ceptible of great development, which they will surely acquire in the 
 same manner that new industries will be established in proportion as 
 the country becomes more thickly populated, and the present prosper- 
 ous condition brought about by the new state of affairs continues. 
 
 The breweries of the Republic pay at the present time 40,000 pesos 
 monthly in wages. The consumption of beer in the island is 70,000 
 kegs, of which quantity the Cuban factories produce 40,000 kegs per 
 annum. 
 
 There is but one paper factory in Cuba. It is situated in the sub- 
 urbs of Habana, and manufactures letter and writing paper, as well as 
 roll paper for newspaper work, and wrapping paper. This factory 
 employs 200 persons, pays monthly in wages 10,000 pesos, and pro- 
 duces 8 or 9 tons of paper daily. 
 
 The soap manufactured in Cuba amounts to about 150,000 boxes 
 annually. The consumption of soap in the Republic is approximately 
 200,000 boxes, 50,000 of which are imported. The soap factory at 
 Habana pays monthly in wages 16,000 pesos. 
 
 The monthly production of the chocolate factories is about 200,000 
 pounds. Messrs. Vilaplara Guerrero & Company's factory produces 
 50,000 pounds monthl}?^ and uses domestic refined sugar. This factory 
 uses 500 to 600 bags of American flour every month in the manufac- 
 ture of crackers. 
 
 There are eight lithographic establishments in Habana. These 
 give employment to 400 workmen and disburse in wages 10,000 pesos 
 a month. 
 
 The principal petroleum refinery in the Republic is that operated by 
 the West India Refining Company. This company employs 150 work- 
 men, and disburses in wages about 1,300 pesos per month. The 
 annual duties paid on crude petroleum by this company amounts to 
 $160,000. 
 
 Among others not mentioned before, there are in Cuba about 15 
 sawmills, about 60 tanneries and hide-curing establishments, several 
 match factories, about 100 distilleries, about 40 factories of cigar boxes 
 and other boxes, 40 factories of artificial waters, a dozen foundries, 
 trunk factories, gas works and electric light works in many cities and 
 towns of secondary importance, canneries, ice factories, vermicelli 
 factories, perfumery factories, factories of musical instruments, cabi- 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 133 
 
 network, shirt factories, and a number of small establishments not 
 using power machinery. 
 
 FISHERIES. 
 
 The fishing industry in Cuba is quite important as well as profitable. 
 This is shown by the fact that in the port of Batabano alone, during 
 the years 1900-1901, 8,434,928 pounds of fish were caught, valued at 
 $173,010.73. 
 
 The food fisheries, both coast and deep-sea, produce enough fresh 
 fish to supply the domestic market, but nothing for export. The 
 Cuban fishermen have their own vessels, but the Cuban merchant 
 marine is very small in its entirety, including only about 35 or 40 
 steamers and a few schooners, aside from the fishing boats. 
 
 The value of shells, tortoise and other, gathered during the year 
 1904, amounted to about $75,000. 
 
 Sponge fishing is effected principally in the ports of Batabano, 
 Cardenas, Caibarien, Isabela de Sagua, and Nuevitas. Sponges are 
 classified for legal and commercial purposes in three groups, as follows: 
 First, the common grade, consisting of those vulgarly known as 
 aforadas de ojo (called female and cave males); second, the hairy male 
 and the silky sponge; and third, fine males. 
 
 The minimum size of sponge allowed by law to be caught for com- 
 mercial purposes (except specimens intended for scientific studies) is 
 46 centimeters in circumference for the common sponge, and 30 centi- 
 meters for the fine male grade; the above dimensions understood to be 
 in the smallest diameter. 
 
 The total production during the year 1903 was 960,115 dozen 
 sponges, including all grades, valued at $501,575.42. The total yield 
 was divided between 695,384 males and 264,731 females, and as com- 
 pared with that of 1901, which was 680,422 dozen, shows an increase 
 of 72 per cent. 
 
 Of the latter the United States received about 35 per cent and 
 Europe the remainder, France being the principal buyer. The exports 
 of sponges and shells in 1904 amounted to $145,000 more than in 1899. 
 
 ANIMAL PRODUCTS. 
 
 Skins, horns, and hoofs of animals are almost entirely shipped to 
 the United States. 
 
 BEE CULTURE. 
 
 The culture of bees assumes each day greater proportions in the 
 island of Cuba. The fields covered with many and variegated flowers 
 furnish the busy insect the nectar it requires, to be converted later 
 into aromatic honey, without having to struggle against the rigors 
 of winter, as is the case in other countries, as the flowers most 
 
134 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 adequate for the purpose bloom precisely during the months of 
 December and January. 
 
 There are three varieties of bees in Cuba, the native, the German, 
 which was introduced from Florida in 1764, and the Italian, character- 
 ized by the yellow stripes covering its body, the latter being consid- 
 ered the most productive. 
 
 As bee culture requires but little care, it can contribute to a great 
 extent to the income of the farmer, if properly attended to. 
 
 HONEY AND WAX. 
 
 In 1902 there existed in the island about 3,712 Mves (3,412 of native 
 and 299 of American bees) with 82,123 boxes (68,298 of the former 
 and 13,825 of the latter), which yielded 262,656 gallons of honey and 
 102,857 arrobas of wax, the average price per gallon of the former 
 being 25 to 33 cents, and of the latter from $5.65 to $6.64 per arroba. 
 During the fiscal year 1902-3, 10,097,925 pounds of honey, valued at 
 $379,998.60, were exported, and 1,599,743 pounds of wax, valued 
 at 1444,448. 
 
 Honey is shipped to Germany, the United States, France, and other 
 countries. The amount gathered this year exceeds $600,000 in value. 
 About 80 per cent of the wax exported is shipped to Germany, the 
 rest to the United States, France, and other countries; the total 
 annual value is about $500,000. 
 
CHAPTER IX. 
 
 COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION— TARIFF AND CUSTOMS LAWS. 
 
 The external commerce of Cuba was for neariy three centuries con- 
 fined to the mother country, Spain, and trade with other European 
 countries was permitted only in the latter part of the eighteenth cen- 
 tury. Preferential duties were established so strongly in favor of 
 Spain that she continued to furnish most of the imports up to the time 
 of Cuban independence, while for man}?- years past the United States 
 took most of Cuba's exports, the trade balance against the great 
 Republic in its relations with Cuba for the past fifty years being about 
 $1,500,000,000. During the years 1892-1894, when reciprocal trade 
 relations existed between Cuba and the United States, the latter coun- 
 try furnished about the' same percentage of imports as Spain. The 
 imports and exports of Cuba in 1894, the last year of reciprocal trade 
 relations with the United States, were as follows: 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Spain and possessions 
 
 United States 
 
 British Empire 
 
 France 
 
 Germany 
 
 other countries 
 
 Total 
 
 832,780,000 
 
 SB, 854, 000 
 
 32, .548, 000 
 
 93, 410, 000 
 
 10, 842, 000 
 
 4,501,000 
 
 1,570,000 
 
 1,001,000 
 
 1, 500, 000 
 
 638, 000 
 
 4, 989, 000 
 
 788, 000 
 
 84,229,000 
 
 109, 192, 000 
 
 In 1895, the year following the abrogation of the treaty with 
 the United States, that country took $95,683,397 of the total of 
 $110,285,020 exported by Cuba, or about 87 per cent, being greater 
 than during the preceding year, when reciprocal trade relations 
 between the two countries were in force, but there was a ver}^ marked 
 difference in imports as compared with the previous year, as shown 
 by the following table of percentages : 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 Spain 50 
 
 United States 25 
 
 British Empire 14 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 France IJ 
 
 Germany 1 J 
 
 135 
 
136 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 COMMERCE OF CUBA DURING THE ADMINISTRATION BY UNITED STATES 
 MILITARY GOVERNMENT, JANUARY 1, 1899, TO APRIL 30, 1902. 
 
 The total value of merchandise, exclusive of gold and silver, imported 
 into Cuba during American occupation, was $225,437,135, of which 74 
 per cent was received at the port of Habana; Cienfuegos with 9 per 
 cent, and Santiago with 8 per cent are respectively far in the lead of 
 any of the remaining ports. 
 
 In shipment of exports Habana leads with 59 per cent of the total 
 value; Cienfuegos, Cardenas, and Matanzas together having 25 per 
 cent to their credit, while each of the remaining ports falls far short 
 of either of the above named. The exports for this period, exclusive 
 of gold and silver, amounted in the aggregate to $180,609,067, being 
 nearly $15,000,000 less than the importation. Much of this difference 
 is attributable to the destruction of property and damage to agricul- 
 tural industries occasioned by war. 
 
 Of the imports the United States furnished 43 per cent, United 
 Kingdom 15, Spain 15, France 4^, and Germany 4 per cent; the im- 
 portations from all Europe were 41 per cent of the whole amount, 
 nearly equaling the United States. In the matter of exports the com- 
 parative ratios are quite different, the United States taking 75 percent. 
 United Kingdom 9, Germany 7, France, 2i, Spain 2 per cent; all 
 Europe receiving but 22 per cent, which consisted principally of 
 tobacco and cigars, sponges, honey, hides, textile fibers, wax, and rum; 
 practically all of the sugar exported went to the United States. 
 
 The balance of trade between Cuba and the United States during 
 American occupation was decidedl}^ in favor of the former, although 
 not to so great an extent as in previous j^ears. During this period 
 Cuba, while importing from all countries $45,000,000 worth more than 
 she sold, yet exported more than $37,000,000 worth to the United 
 States in excess of her purchases from the latter. It is to be noted, 
 however, that the ratio of imports from the United States is materially 
 greater than it was during the Spanish regime. 
 
 More than 69 per cent of Cuban exports during American control 
 consisted of agricultural products, and 47 per cent of imports consisted 
 of food and animals. Breadstuffs and other provisions, horses and 
 mules in large quantities were brought from the United States, while 
 cattle were procured from Mexico, Central America, and South 
 America. It is reasonable to suppose that there will be a gradual 
 diminution of the importation of live stock. 
 
 During the time of American control on the island the year 1901 
 presents the fairest view of its commerce for an}^ one 3^ear of said 
 period, and in showing comparative data this year is in consequence 
 frequently referred to. 
 
 The comparison of the volume of trade shows that the imports for 
 
 I 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 137 
 
 the calendar year 1901, which amounted to $66,583,973, were $75,000 
 less than for the preceding period, and $200,000 less than for 1899, 
 while the exports for 1901, amounting to $63,278,380, exceeded those 
 of 1900 by $14,300,000, and of those of 1899 by $18,200,000, the 
 imports showing but little change, and the exports rapidly increasing. 
 The decrease in imports affected chiefly the United States, United 
 Kingdom, France, and Spain, Germany making gains. The importa- 
 tions from South America, consisting for the most part of food prod- 
 ucts and animals, were largely increased in 1901. The gain in exports 
 to the United States in 1901 over 1900 was approximately $15,000,000, 
 from which it appears that there was a decrease of about $500,000 in 
 value of exports to other countries in 1901 as compared with 1900. 
 
 Receipts of corn from the United States are assuming considerable 
 magnitude, the values for 1899, 1900, and 1901 being in round num- 
 bers $560,000, $607,000, and $880,000, respectively. For each of these 
 years more than $2,000,000 worth of wheat flour was imported from 
 the United States. The purchase of bituminous coal from the United 
 States in 1901 amounted to $1,124,532. 
 
 The trade in cotton goods with the United States is increasing but 
 is yet comparatively^ very small, amounting to but 8 per cent of the 
 total importations of these goods in 1901. The amount imported in this 
 year exceeded six millions of dollars, of which the United Kingdom 
 sent more than 63 per 'cent. The importations for 1899 and 1900 
 aggregated $6,237,330 and $6,116,068, respectively, the United States 
 supplying 21 per cent in 1899 and 7 per cent in 1900, while the United 
 Kingdom furnished 35 per cent and 49 per cent, respectively, for 
 these years. 
 
 More than $200,000 worth of cement was imported in 1901. During 
 the occupation by the United States there was imported iron and steel 
 and their finished forms, exclusive of agricultural implements, to the 
 value of more than $16,500,000, of which the United States supplied 
 more than $12,000,000, or 77 per cent of the whole. 
 
 The United States also furnished nearly three-fourths of all agricul- 
 tural machinery, amounting to $1,037,714, imported by Cuba during 
 the same period. 
 
 Out of a total valuation of $306,924 for clocks and watches, 31 per 
 cent was imported from the United States. 
 
 Of copper and its finished forms the United States supplied 64 
 per cent. 
 
 The importations of starch have decreased from 6,408,819 pounds, 
 valued at $190,375, in 1899, to 4,292,282 pounds, valued at $113,837, 
 in 1900, and 704,614 pounds, valued at $25,904, in 1901. In these years 
 the United States exported 47, 24, and 16 per cent of the respective 
 values; United Kingdom 21 per cent and 53 per cent for 1899 and 1900, 
 respectively, with none whatever reported in 1901. The steady 
 decrease is attributed to local manufactures. 
 
138 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 The importations of oils of all kinds during the period of American 
 occupation aggregated in value 15,318,718, olive oil being in the lead 
 with 12,885,400 worth, and of this commodity Spain sent more than 
 97 per cent. Crude petroleum, other natural oils, naphtha and illumi- 
 nating oils amounted to $1,830,670, of which less than $13,000 came 
 from other countries than the United States. Of the $206,582 worth 
 of animal oils the United States furnished more than $176,000, and of 
 vegetable oils other than olive oil more than 34 per cent. 
 
 During this period more than half a million dollars worth of patent 
 and proprietary medicines were received, about 44 per cent of these 
 articles coming from the United States. 
 
 Thirty per cent of the $2,446,544 worth of stone, earthen, china, 
 and glass ware received during the same period came from the United 
 States. 
 
 The importation of boots, shoes, and sandals amounted to more than 
 $6,800,000, of which Spain sold 73 per cent and the United States 
 26 per cent. The importations of 1901 amounted to $1,684,572, of 
 which 72 per cent was from Spain and nearl}^ 28 per cent from the 
 United States. It will be perceived that this trade of more than 
 $1,500,000 per annum is divided between Spain and the United States, 
 in the ratio of nearh^ 3 to 1. 
 
 Spain leads in shipments of paper and its manufactures, furnishing 
 Cuba 35 per cent of the total of nearly $3,000,000 for the period of 
 American occupation, the United States being second with about 28 
 per cent. 
 
 Importations of provisions, including meat and dairy products, 
 during United States occupancy, amounted in value to more than 
 $29,000,000, more than 66 per cent of which was imported from the 
 United States, the remainder being widely distributed; Uruguay and 
 Argentina (whose shipments consisted almost entirely of jerked beef), 
 with 17 per cent of the total, being the next largest exporters. Quite 
 a large amount of dairy products came from Spain, Denmark, United 
 Kingdom, and the Netherlands. Spain enjoys almost a monopoly of 
 the sales of candles and soap, supplying 88 per cent out of about 
 $300,000 worth of the former, and $500,000, or approximately 90 per 
 cent, of the soap imported into Cuba during 1901. Spain also supplies 
 more than half the candy and confectionery which is imported. 
 France furnished nearly 72 per cent of distilled liquors during the 
 year 1901, the United States less than 5 per cent. 
 
 Cuba imports annually more than $2,500,000 worth of vegetables, 
 about half of which (excepting onions and canned goods from Spain) 
 come from the United States. For 1901 the importations of wine 
 amounted to more than $1,700,000, of which Spain sent 98 per cent. ^ 
 
 The United States has a good showing in exports of wood and its 
 manufactures to Cuba, though in one article — that of hogsheads and 
 barrels — Spain is a close second. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 139 
 
 From climatic reasons Cuba is not expected to be a heav}^ purchaser 
 of wool and woolen goods, yet in 1901 she expended the considerable 
 sum of 1610,000 in this way, of which the United Kingdom supplied 
 more than one-half, while the United States is credited with less than 
 4 per cent. 
 
 Of the remaining |Y,000,000 worth of exports in 1901, unmanu- 
 factured wood constituted, in round numbers, $1,200,000; molasses, 
 $1,200,000; fruits and nuts, $1,000,000; iron and manganese ore, 
 $900,000, and sponges, $480,000. Hides of cattle, distilled spirits, 
 and honey were also items of importance in a lesser degree. 
 
 More than $550,000 worth of bananas were shipped in 1901, as 
 compared with less than $115,000 in 1899, and $250,000 worth of 
 pineapples in 1901, as compared with approximately $50,000 in 1899. 
 
 CARRYING TRADE. 
 
 lm,port8. — Including gold and silver, the total importations into 
 Cuba for the calendar year 1901 reached the sum of $67,753,108, the 
 following ratios of per cent showing the distribution by vessels; 
 
 American, 32; British, 8; French, 2; German, 5; Norwegian, 16; 
 all other, including domestic, 37. 
 
 Included in "all other" is the amount carried under the Spanish 
 flag, of which separate account was not recorded prior to July 1, 1901. 
 For the six months ending December 31, 1901, imports arriving in 
 Spanish bottoms aggregated more than $9,377,000; estimating this to 
 be one-half of the year's business for Spain, it will appear that the 
 Spanish vessels should be credited with about 28 per cent of the 
 import carrying trade, and that American, Spanish, and Norwegian 
 vessels delivered more than three-fourths of the importations. 
 
 The imports from the United States, aggregating $28,470,000, were 
 delivered by vessels carrying the following flags: American, 57 per 
 cent; British, 6; German, 1; Norwegian, 22, and all other, 14 per 
 cent. 
 
 Exports. — Exports, including gold and silver, during the year 1901 
 aggregated $66,502,169, carried in vessels flying the following flags: 
 American, 51 per cent; British, 16; French, 4; German, 3; Norwe- 
 gian, 17, and all other, including domestic, 9 per cent. 
 
 Cuba exported to the United States in 1901 commodities, including 
 gold and silver, to the amount of $50,015,954, which was conveyed in 
 the following bottoms: American, 45 percent; British, 21; German, 
 3; Norwegian, 22, and all other, including domestic, 9 per cent. 
 
 The value of imports into Cuba from all countries other than the 
 United States, in 1901, was $39,282,842, of which amount $5,893,226, 
 or 15 per cent, came in American vessels. 
 
 The value of exports for the same period to countries other than 
 the United States was $16,486,215, of which $11,564,733, or 70 per 
 cent, was carried in American vessels. 
 
140 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 COMMERCE DURING THE YEAR 1902. 
 
 The imports of 1902 were $1,448,636 less than those of 1901, and the 
 exports of 1902 exceeded the imports by 12,813,340. 
 
 The exports of sugar and tobacco during 1899 to 1902 amounted to 
 nearly 90 per cent of the total exports of the island. The value of the 
 sugar exported from 1899 to 1902, inclusive, amounted to $99,932,600; 
 of tobacco, to $97,904,200, of which $47,890,700 was for leaf tobacco 
 and $50,013,500 for cigars, cigarettes, and cut tobacco, thus making a 
 total for sugar and tobacco for the four years of $197,836,800. Dur- 
 ing the same period other exports amounted to $23,743,300, divided 
 as follows: 
 
 Agricultural products and rural industries |14, 075, 100 
 
 Mineral products ( iron, manganese, and asphalt) 3, 909, 300 
 
 Fisheries (sponges, tortoise shell, etc. ) 1 , 929, 300 
 
 Other articles, reexported articles, and gold and silver 3, 829, 600 
 
 While sugar and tobacco to-day represent the wealth of the island, 
 prior to 1830 coffee was its principal source of wealth, yielding as 
 much as 100.000.000 pounds annually, worth $18,000,000. 
 
 MINOR PRODUCTS. 
 
 An analysis of the minor products of Cuba exported during the 
 period referred to (four years) is of interest. 
 
 Under the heading "fruits " the sum of $801,200 is stated as exported 
 in 1899, while in 1902 the figures under the same heading are stated as 
 $1,906,600, divided as follows: 
 
 Bananas 1621,000 
 
 Pineapples 451,300 
 
 Cocoanuts 189,500 
 
 Oranges and lemons 3, 500 
 
 Aguacates and mangoes 9, 300 
 
 Cacao 552,400 
 
 Coffee 1, 300 
 
 Onions, tomatoes, beans, etc : 78, 300 
 
 The pineapple crop of 1903 is valued at $1,500,000 and the orange 
 and lemon crops will also show a great increase this year, and from now 
 on, as large numbers of trees planted during the past three years are 
 now bearing fruit. 
 
 Forest products exported in 1899 were valued at $1,059,900, and in 
 1902 at $1,874,800, viz: 
 
 Woods (mahogany and cedar, principally) |1, 428, 600 
 
 Textile fibers 380,900 
 
 Dyes r. 65, 300 
 
 Skins, horns, and hoofs of animals show a total of $463,800 exported 
 in 1902, as compared with $310,200 in 1901. 
 
 Honey was exported to the amount of $308,100 in 1902, against 
 $189,200 in 1901. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 141 
 
 Wax was exported to the amount of $373,300 in 1902, compared 
 with $270,500 in the previous yeav. 
 
 In 1899 the total value of the products exported, other than sugar 
 and tobacco, was $2,413,600, or 5.4 per cent of the whole; in 1902 
 the total was 14,926,600, or 7.6 per cent of the whole. 
 
 The customs revenue collected in the Republic, giving total collec- 
 tions and collections in Habana, is as follows: 
 
 Year. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Habana. 
 
 Per cent 
 
 for 
 Habana. 
 
 1899 
 
 $15,015,000 
 16, 136, 000 
 15,645,000 
 14,698,000 
 
 $11,097,000 
 12, 068, 000 
 10, 878, 000 
 10, 580, 000 
 
 74.0 
 
 1900 
 
 74 5 
 
 1901 
 
 69 
 
 1902 
 
 72 
 
 
 
 As we see, the collections in Habana represent nearly three-fourths 
 of the total. 
 
 The expenses of the customs service have been quite uniform, 
 amounting to $956,738 for the whole island in 1902; that is, 6i per 
 cent for collection. A.s they amount to $595,926 for Habana, and 
 $360,712 for the rest of the island, the proportion of expenses is 5.3 
 and 8.15 per cent, respectively. 
 
 COMMERCE DURING THE YEAR 1903. 
 
 The commerce of Cuba during the year 1903 was as follows: 
 
 ^Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Duties. 
 
 United States... 
 
 Mexico 
 
 Uruguay 
 
 Venezuela 
 
 other countries 
 
 Germany 
 
 Spain 
 
 France 
 
 England 
 
 other countries, 
 other 
 
 Total 
 
 $27, 793, 607 
 2, 658, 085 
 1,934,110 
 1, 372, 983 
 2, 372, 387 
 3,921,956 
 9, 572, 446 
 4, 435, 822 
 10, 799, 775 
 1, 867, 526 
 348, 979 
 
 67, 077, 676 
 
 $61, 134, 902 
 
 107, 477 
 
 110, 928 
 
 2,180 
 
 1,433,838 
 
 5, 370, 806 
 
 1, 451, 620 
 
 1, 134, 372 
 
 6, 590, 824 
 
 811, 368 
 
 333, 094 
 
 78, 486, 409 
 
 $5, 230, 876 
 354, 952 
 737, 341 
 134,470 
 424,528 
 976, 688 
 
 2,911,400 
 923, 970 
 
 2, 715, 062 
 385, 438 
 117, 536 
 
 14, 912, 261 
 
 The countries marketing goods during the year and the percentage 
 marketed by each is shown in the following: 
 
 Percentage of imports into Cuba from the several countries in 1902 and 1903. 
 
 Country. 
 
 United States 
 
 Mexico 
 
 Uruguay 
 
 Venezuela... 
 
 Colombia 
 
 Canada 
 
 England 
 
 1902. 
 
 1903. 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 41.6 
 
 40.5 
 
 5.1 
 
 4.2 
 
 1.7 
 
 3.0 
 
 .5 
 
 2.1 
 
 2.0 
 
 1.1 
 
 4.2 
 
 2.6 
 
 15.1 
 
 n.o 
 
 Country. 
 
 Spain 
 
 Germany 
 
 France 
 
 Sweden and Norway 
 All other countries . 
 
 Total 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 15.7 
 
 6.0 
 
 5.1 
 
 2.6 
 
 .4 
 
 100.0 
 
 1903. 
 
 Per cent. 
 14.3 
 6.4 
 5.3 
 3.0 
 .5 
 
 100.0 
 
1J:2 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 The total amount of the commerce was $145,564,085, which compared 
 with 1902 gave an increase of $18,479,000. The total of exportations, 
 calculating the present population of the Republic as 1,750,000, gives 
 an exportation of $45 per capita, the same as Argentina, one of the 
 richest nations of America. 
 
 Cuba's exports of agricultural products are preeminent, aggregating 
 95 per cent of the entire output. 
 
 Of the $77,261,000 exported (excluding coin) during 1903, raw sugar 
 amounted to $40,400,000 (52.4 per cent of the total), $10,460,000 more 
 than the previous year. Adding to this sum $1,490,000, amount of 
 the exportation of other products derived from the manufacture of 
 sugar (molasses, alcohol, etc.), and we have a total of $41,940,000, 
 value of the export of national products that depend on the cultiva- 
 tion of sugar cane — more than double that of 1899 (in which year 
 there were only exported of this class of products $19,300,000) and 
 $11,000,000 more than in 1902. 
 
 The value of the tobacco exported represents 33 per cent of the 
 exports of this year and amounts to $26,042,000, against 125,400,000 
 in 1902. The increase is due to the exportation of leaf tobacco, 
 $600,000 greater than the preceding year. 
 
 These figures show that sugar constitutes more than half, tobacco a 
 third, and both products together make 87 per cent of Cuba's exports. 
 The exportation of other national products is increasing everj^ daj^, 
 offering new bases for the greater stability of her economic life, 
 dependent until now only on the value in foreign markets of the two 
 exportable, almost exclusive products, sugar and tobacco. 
 
 In 1899 the value of exports other than sugar and tobacco was 
 $4,780,000, whereas in 1903 it amounted to $9,300,000 (13 per cent of 
 the total value). Of this sum about $3,000,000 are fruits and garden 
 truck, against $1,900,000 in 1902 and only $800,000 in 1899; $2,250,000 
 are forestr}^ products and natural crops, against $1,870,000 the pre- 
 vious year, and more than $1,000,000 are products derived from rais- 
 ing animals. The products of apiculture amounted to $760,000, three 
 times more than in 1899. All together $6,350,000 of agricultural 
 products, besides sugar, tobacco, and derived products (9 per cent of 
 the total exports), and $1,400,000 more than in 1902. Summing up 
 the value of agricultural and those industrial products which get their 
 raw material from the national agriculture (sugar and products derived 
 from it, tobacco and its manufactures, fruits, garden truck, minor prod- 
 ucts, and products of raising animals), the result is $74,300,000; that 
 is to say, 95 per cent of the total. In the face of these data there is 
 not the slightest doubt that the country is eminently agricultural, and 
 that on this industry depends her wealth and her economic future. 
 The remaining 5 per cent amounts to some $3,000,000, and consists of 
 mineral products, $1,690,000: fishery products, $480,000, and other 
 unimportant articles. * 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 143 
 
 The following is a resume of the exports, classified according to the 
 sources of production: 
 
 ( 
 
 1899. 
 
 
 1900. 
 
 1901. 
 
 
 Value. 
 
 Per 
 cent. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Per 
 cent. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Per 
 cent. 
 
 Sugar and its derivatives. 
 
 118, 638. 40 
 568. 40 
 
 41 
 
 2 
 
 $16,774.40 
 829. 40 
 
 34 
 
 2 
 
 $30,816.40 
 1, 142. 20 
 
 48 
 
 other products derived from its manufacture 
 (molasses, brandy, liquors, sweetmeats) 
 
 3 
 
 Total - 
 
 19,206.70 
 
 43 
 
 17,603.80 
 
 36 
 
 32,258.50 
 
 51 
 
 
 
 Tobacco and its manufactures. 
 
 8,927.20 
 12, 157. 60 
 
 20 
 
 27 
 
 13,793.80 
 12, 294. 20 
 
 28 
 25 
 
 12, 517. 10 
 12,810.10 
 
 20 
 
 Manufactured tobacco (cigars, cigarettes, and 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 21, 084. 80 
 
 47 
 
 26, 088. 00 
 
 53 
 
 25,327.20 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 Total sugar, tobacco, and their deriva- 
 
 40,291.50 
 
 90 
 
 43,691.80 
 
 89 
 
 57,585.70 
 
 91 
 
 
 
 Other products of agriculture and rural industries. 
 
 Fruits, cocoa, minor products (vegetables, etc.) . 
 Forestry products and natural products (lum- 
 ber, textile fabrics, dyes, and tanning mate- 
 
 801. 20 
 
 1,059.90 
 302. 50 
 250.00 
 
 
 1, 181. 70 
 
 1,265.40 
 300.50 
 418. 60 
 
 
 1, 142. 70 
 
 1,356.10 
 310. 20 
 459. 70 
 
 
 Stock raising products (animals, hides, etc. ). . 
 Agriculture (honey and beeswax) 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 2,413.60 
 
 5 
 
 3,166.20 
 
 6 
 
 3, 568. 70 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 Other exports not dependent on agriculture. 
 Mineral products (iron, manganese, copper, 
 
 516. 70 
 430. 70 
 
 1,414.90 
 
 !• 
 
 f 661.00 
 J 494. 60 
 
 [ 891.00 
 
 1' 
 
 f 955. 30 
 1 528.50 
 
 [ 640. 20 
 
 I- 
 
 
 Other merchandise (including the reexporta- 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 4,475.90 
 
 10 
 
 5,212.80 
 
 11 
 
 5, 692. 70 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 45,067.40 
 
 
 48,904.60 
 
 
 63, 268. 40 
 
 
 
 
 
 1902. 
 
 1903. 
 
 
 Value. 
 
 Per 
 
 cent. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Per 
 
 cent. 
 
 Sugar and its derivatives. 
 Raw sugar 
 
 $29,989.30 
 874. 20 
 
 46 
 2 
 
 $40,449.60 
 1, 491. 30 
 
 52 
 
 other products derived from its manufacture (molasses, brandy. 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 30,863.50 
 
 48 
 
 41,940.90 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 Tobacco and its manufactures. 
 
 12, 652. 50 
 12,751.70 
 
 20 
 20 
 
 13, 255. 10 
 12,787.20 
 
 17 
 
 Manufactured tobacco (cigars, cigarettes, and cut tobacco) 
 
 16 
 
 Total 
 
 25, 404. 20 
 
 40 
 
 26, 042. 30 
 
 33 
 
 
 
 Total sugar, tobacco, and their derivatives 
 
 56, 267. 80 
 
 88 
 
 67, 983. 20 
 
 87 
 
 
 
 Other products of agriculture and rural industries. 
 Fruits, cocoa, minor products (vegetables, etc. ) 
 
 1, 906. 60 
 
 1, 874. 80 
 463.80 
 681.40 
 
 
 
 2,932.30 
 
 2, 528. 60 
 402.90 
 759. 20 
 
 
 Forestry products and natural products (lumber, textile fabrics, 
 
 
 Stock-raising products (animals, liides, etc. ) 
 
 
 Agriculture (honey and beeswax) 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 4,926.60 
 
 8 
 
 6,62S.00 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 Other exports not dependent on agriculture. 
 Mineral products (iron, manganese copper, asphalt) 
 
 1,776.30 
 455. 50 
 
 883.50 
 
 1 ^ 
 
 ( 1,696.90 
 1 479.80 
 
 i 477.90 
 
 
 Fisheries ( sponges and tortoise shell ) 
 
 
 Other merchandise (including the reexportation of foreign 
 goods) 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 8,061.90 
 
 13 
 
 9. 277. 60 
 
 13 
 
 Grand total 
 
 
 
 64, 329. 70 
 
 77. 260. 80 
 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
144 
 
 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 In order to give an adequate idea of the commerce of the ports of 
 entry of Cuba with foreign ports, the following statement is given, the 
 figures having been taken from the general statistics published by the 
 department of finance of Cuba, showing the imports and exports f c 
 two fiscal years: 
 
 Ports. 
 
 Imports. 
 
 1901-2. 
 
 1902-3. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 1901-2. 
 
 1902-3. 
 
 Baracoa 
 
 Batabano . . . 
 Caibarien . . . 
 
 Cerdenas 
 
 Cienfuegos-. 
 
 Gibara 
 
 Guantanamo 
 
 Habana 
 
 Manzanillo . 
 Matanzas . . . 
 
 Nuevitas 
 
 Sag-ua 
 
 Santa Cruz . . 
 
 Santiago 
 
 Trinidad 
 
 Tunas 
 
 Total.. 
 
 $148, 787 
 
 3,542 
 
 768, 097 
 
 1, 884, 073 
 
 7, 158, 250 
 
 1, 716, 794 
 
 515, 474 
 
 43, 129, 064 
 
 1,393,312 
 
 2, 010, 801 
 
 1, 226, 645 
 
 639, 593 
 
 26, 631 
 
 5, 227, 181 
 
 147, 716 
 
 66, 950 
 
 1102, 962 
 
 3,046 
 
 749, 531 
 
 1, 416, 188 
 
 4, 486, 217 
 
 1, 153, 502 
 
 486, 522 
 
 44, 314, 421 
 
 1, 361, 948 
 
 1,711,658 
 
 896, 499 
 
 507, 093 
 
 14, 687 
 
 4, 868, 021 
 
 114, 813 
 
 16, 225 
 
 9,725 
 
 1, 241, 643 
 3, 000, 816 
 5, 197, 114 
 2,325,780 
 1, 029, 809 
 32, 557, 126 
 1, 703, 840 
 1, 727, 216 
 
 854, 936 
 1, 370, 801 
 
 406, 860 
 
 2, 142, 717 
 
 56, 882 
 
 327, 462 
 
 66, 062, 856 
 
 62, 620, 279 
 
 54, 246, 727 
 
 S558, 397 
 
 162 
 
 2, 768, 796 
 
 7,941,484 
 
 7, 256, 125 
 
 2, 709, 491 
 
 2, 118, 691 
 
 34, 216, 320 
 
 2, 434, 062 
 
 8, 256, 660 
 
 1, 300, 045 
 
 3, 922, 271 
 
 570, 923 
 
 3,422,527 
 
 710, 447 
 
 196, 241 
 
 78, 382, 642 
 
 The following table shows the value of Cuba's exportations covering 
 -a period of five years ending January 1, 1904, and gives the various 
 general grouping of commodities: 
 
 
 1899. 
 
 1900. 
 
 1901. 
 
 
 Value. 
 
 Per 
 cent. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Per 
 cent. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Per 
 cent. 
 
 
 819,206,700 
 21,084,800 
 
 2, 413, 600 
 
 2, 362, 300 
 
 43 
 47 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 817,603,800 
 26,088,000 
 
 3,166,200 
 
 2,046,600 
 
 36 
 53 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 132, 258, 500 
 25,327,200 
 
 3, 568, 700 
 
 2,124,000 
 
 51 
 
 Tobacco crude and manufactured 
 
 40 
 
 other agricultural products and rural indus- 
 
 6 
 
 Products not depending upon agriculture. 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 General total 
 
 45, 067, 400 
 
 
 48,904,600 
 
 
 63,278,400 
 
 
 
 
 
 1902. 
 
 1903. 
 
 
 Value. 
 
 Per 
 cent. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Per 
 cent. 
 
 Sugar and its derivatives 
 
 ISO, 863, 500 
 
 25,404,200 
 
 4, 926, 600 
 
 3,115,300 
 
 48 
 
 40 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 $41,940,900 
 
 26, 042, 300 
 
 6, 623, 000 
 
 2,654,600 
 
 54 
 
 
 33 
 
 Other agricultural products and rural industries 
 
 9 
 
 Products not depending upon agriculture, such as ore, asphalt, 
 etc 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 General total 
 
 64,309,600 
 
 
 77, 260, 800 
 
 
 
 
 Although sugar and tobacco with their derivatives and manufactures 
 constituted during 1903 8T per cent of the total export trade of Cuba, 
 it will be noticed that the greatest proportionate increase has been 
 made in the lesser important agricultural and rural products, and inas- 
 much as the American colonists, who have already settled in Cuba or 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 145 
 
 are thinking of going there for the purpose of winter farming, are of 
 necessity chiefly to follow agriculture on a comparatively small scale, 
 and will, as a rule, cultivate and market fruits and vegetables, a detail 
 of the exports of these commodities is hereby appended: 
 
 Fruits. 
 
 1899. 
 
 1900. 
 
 1901. 
 
 1902. 
 
 1903. 
 
 Increase 
 
 during 5 
 
 years. 
 
 
 8114, 600 
 
 165, 000 
 
 69, 000 
 
 700 
 
 6,300 
 
 S303, 800 
 
 221,300 
 
 193, 000 
 
 1,700 
 
 9,900 
 
 8550, 400 
 
 248, 000 
 
 192,400 
 
 800 
 
 8,100 
 
 8621,000 
 
 451, 300 
 
 189,500 
 
 3,500 
 
 9,300 
 
 81,235,800 
 
 760,000 
 
 222, 200 
 
 2,200 
 
 11, 100 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 
 
 Cocoanuts (including copra) . . . 
 
 
 
 other fruits (mangoes, agua- 
 cates, etc. ) 
 
 
 
 
 Total.. 
 
 365, 600 
 
 729, 700 
 
 999,700 
 
 1,274,600 
 
 2,231,300 
 
 530 
 
 
 
 Miscellaneous articles. 
 
 1899. 
 
 1900. 
 
 1901. 
 
 1902. 
 
 1903. 
 
 Increase 
 during 
 5 years. 
 
 Cocoa 
 
 8337, 500 
 
 1,400 
 
 106, 700 
 
 967,000 
 
 92, 900 
 81,700 
 108, 300 
 
 8399,200 
 
 1,400 
 
 51, 400 
 
 1,050,300 
 
 215,100 
 190, 400 
 228, 200 
 
 8393, 700 
 
 2,200 
 
 47, 100 
 
 1,193,200 
 
 162, 900 
 189, 200 
 270, 500 
 
 8552,400 
 1,300 
 78, 300 
 
 1,428,600 
 
 446, 200 
 308, 100 
 373, 300 
 
 8607, 000 
 
 1,100 
 
 92, 900 
 
 2, 289, 600 
 
 239, 000 
 318, 800 
 440,400 
 
 Per cent. 
 80 
 
 Coffee 
 
 
 
 12a 
 
 Hard woods, principally ma- 
 hogany and cedar 
 
 130 
 
 Dyewoods, textile fibers, in- 
 cluding palm leaf, hemp, etc . 
 Honey 
 
 146 
 300 
 
 Wax 
 
 160 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 1,755,500 
 
 2,136,000 
 
 2, 258, 800 
 
 3, 188, 200 
 
 ^,988,800 
 
 
 
 
 a Loss. 
 
 Fruits and vegetables ex'ported from Habana to the United States. 
 [In crates.] 
 
 Date. 
 
 To Eastern United States 
 via New York. 
 
 Fruits, "^bilg^a" Total. 
 
 To Western and Northwest- 
 ern United States via Mo- 
 bile and New Orleans. 
 
 F^its. Vege^a- ^otal. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Fruits Vegeta- 
 j?ruus. ^,jgg_„ 
 
 1903. 
 
 January 
 
 February . . 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 September . 
 
 October 
 
 November . 
 December.. 
 
 Total. 
 
 1904. 
 
 January 
 
 February .. 
 
 Total. 
 
 3,104 
 
 7,101 
 
 9,109 
 
 114, 219 
 
 230, 930 
 
 172, 571 
 
 23, 076 
 
 17,115 
 
 4, 529 
 
 900 
 
 1,759 
 
 3,693 
 
 12, 264 
 15, 961 
 23, 106 
 11, 645 
 3,693 
 565 
 
 156 
 144 
 624 
 
 15, 368 
 
 23, 062 
 
 32, 215 
 
 125, 864 
 
 234, 623 
 
 173, 136 
 
 23,075 
 
 17, 115 
 
 4,529 
 
 1,056 
 
 1,903 
 
 4,317 
 
 1, 352 
 3,161 
 
 4,686 
 
 54, 118 
 
 108, 502 
 
 51, 468 
 
 1,420 
 
 1,479 
 
 1,060 
 
 963 
 
 371 
 
 1,113 
 
 1,821 
 6,155 
 12, 309 
 3,666 
 1,146 
 
 3,173 
 
 9,316 
 
 16, 995 
 
 57, 784 
 
 109, 648 
 
 51,468 
 
 1,420 
 
 1,479 
 
 1,060 
 
 953 
 
 371 
 
 1,750 
 
 4, 456 
 
 10, 262 
 
 13, 795 
 
 168, 337 
 
 339, 432 
 
 224, 039 
 
 24, 495 
 
 18, 594 
 
 5,589 
 
 1,863 
 
 2,130 
 
 4,806 
 
 588, 105 
 
 68, 158 
 
 656, 263 
 
 229, 693 
 
 255, 427 
 
 817, 798 
 
 2,425 
 3,591 
 
 3,030 
 15, 137 
 
 5, 455 
 18, 728 
 
 466 
 1,399 
 
 3,225 
 19, 491 
 
 3,691 
 20, 890 
 
 6,016 
 
 18, 167 
 
 24, 183 
 
 1,865 
 
 22, 716 
 
 24, 581 
 
 2,891 
 4,990 
 
 14, 085 
 22, 116 
 35, 415 
 15, 311 
 4,839 
 565 
 
 156 
 
 144 
 
 1,261 
 
 93, 892 
 
 6,255 
 34, 628 
 
 40, 883 
 
 a Include tomatoes, potatoes, onions, peppers, egg plant, beans, okra, etc. 
 159a— 05 10 
 
146 
 
 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 NAVIGATION. 
 
 
 Incoming. 
 
 Outgoing. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Domestic. 
 
 Foreign. 
 
 Domestic. 
 
 Foreign. 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 vessels. 
 
 Gross 
 tonnage. 
 
 No. of 
 vessels. 
 
 Gross 
 tonnage. 
 
 No. of 
 
 vessels. 
 
 Gross 
 tonnage. 
 
 No. of 
 vessels. 
 
 Gross 
 tonnage. 
 
 1899 
 
 10, 243 
 11,809 
 11, 668 
 11, 989 
 11, 634 
 
 1,612,381 
 2,528,312 
 2, 213, 797 
 3,283,295 
 2, 980, 230 
 
 4,016 
 3,610 
 3,867 
 3,848 
 4,037 
 
 5, 496, 543 
 6, 405, 467 
 7,417,202 
 7, 846, 671 
 8,216,824 
 
 9,865 
 11, 729 
 11, 772 
 12, 102 
 11,632 
 
 1,607,952 
 2, .534, 813 
 3,219,238 
 3,297,867 
 2,975,470 
 
 3,904 
 3,540 
 3,830 
 3,823 
 3,973 
 
 5, 426, 590 
 
 1900 
 
 6, 371, 006 
 
 1901 
 
 7, 401, 077 
 
 1902 
 
 7, 806, 071 
 
 1903 
 
 8, 155, 735 
 
 
 
 For the six months ended June 30, 1904, the value of imports of 
 merchandise into Cuba amounted to $39,872,456, of which $15,416,503 
 represented imports from the United States carried in ships of the 
 following nationalities: 
 
 Value of imports into Cuba from the United States and exports from Cuba to the United 
 States, by nationality of carrying ships, in the six months ended June 30, 1904- 
 
 Nationality of ships. 
 
 Imports. 
 
 By steam- 
 ers. 
 
 By sailing 
 
 vessels. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 By steam- By sailing 
 ers. vessels. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Cuban 
 
 American . 
 
 British 
 
 Dutch 
 
 German . . . 
 Spanish . . . 
 Norwegian 
 All other.. 
 
 Total 
 
 S3, 031, 
 
 8, 267, 
 
 607, 
 
 30, 
 
 8, 
 
 41, 
 
 2, 342, 
 
 46, 
 
 $20, 062 
 800, 271 
 213, 096 
 
 7,313 
 
 $3, 051, 988 
 
 9, 067, 357 
 
 820, 494 
 
 30, 181 
 
 8,895 
 
 41,255 
 
 2, 342, 211 
 
 54, 122 
 
 $2, 341, 532 
 
 11, 426, 520 
 
 20, 764, 938 
 
 263, 515 
 
 600, 125 
 
 2, 773, 331 
 
 12, 217, 750 
 
 2, 103, 074 
 
 S400, 730 
 237, 142 
 
 60, 459 
 20, 503 
 
 14, 375, 761 
 
 1, 040, 742 
 
 15, 416, 503 
 
 52, 390, 785 
 
 718, 834 
 
 $2, 341, 532 
 
 11, 827, 250 
 
 21,002,080 
 
 263,515 
 
 500, 125 
 
 2, 773, 331 
 
 12, 278, 209 
 
 2, 123, 577 
 
 53, 109, 619 
 
 Value of total trade of Cuba loith the United States, imports and exports, by nationality of 
 carrying ships, during the six months ended Ju^ie 30, 1904- 
 
 Nationality of ships. 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 $820,494 
 
 9,067,357 
 
 2, 342, 211 
 
 3,051,988 
 
 41,255 
 
 8,895 
 
 30, 181 
 
 .54, 122 
 
 121,002,080 
 11,827,2.50 
 12, 278, 209 
 2,341,532 
 2, 773, 331 
 500, 125 
 263,515 
 2, 123, 577 
 
 821,822,574 
 20, 894, 607 
 14,620,420 
 5,393,520 
 2,814,586 
 509 020 
 
 American 
 
 Norwegian 
 
 
 Spanish 
 
 German 
 
 Dutch 
 
 293, 696 
 
 All other 
 
 2, 177, 699 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 15,416,503 
 
 53,109,619 
 
 68,526,122 
 
 
 The total number of ocean-going vessels which entered Cuban ports 
 during the period under review, steam and sail, was 2,401, with a 
 gross tonnage of 4,646,872 and a net tonnage of 2,989,975, of which 
 1,090 v^essels, with a gross tonnage of 1,653,908 and a net tonnage of 
 1,085,063, sailed from the United States. Of these 1,090 vessels, 466 
 were American, which cleared from the following ports: Key West, 98; 
 Miami, 44; New York, 89; New Orleans, 32; Tampa, 71; other ports 
 in the United States, 122. The gross tonnage of these 456 American 
 vessels was 701,523 and the net tonnage 475,716, in which are included 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 147 
 
 21 ships, with a gross tonnage of 18,829 and a net tonnage of 13,097, 
 which carried no freight, 
 
 COMMERCE IN 1904. 
 
 On December 27, 1903, a reciprocity treaty was conchided with the 
 United States in the terms hereafter expressed. On February 2, 
 1905, the United States Bureau of Statistics published the following 
 statement in regard to the trade of the United States with Cuba under 
 the new tariff: 
 
 The figures of the United States Government, showing its total imports from and 
 exports to each country of the world, show that the imports from Cuba in the calendar 
 year 1904 under the reciprocity treaty were $74,950,992 in value, against $57,228,291 
 in 1903. This indicates an increase of practically f 18,000,000, or 31 per cent. Dur- 
 ing that same period our total imports from the West Indies, including Cuba, but 
 excluding Porto Rico from consideration, grew from $74,890,690 in 1903 to $89,561,026 
 in 1904, an increase of but $14,500,000, or 20 per cent. Thus the entire increase in 
 our imports from the West Indies occurred in the trade with Cuba, the imports 
 from the other West India Islands showing in practically every case a decrease as 
 compared with the preceding year. The total imports into the United States in 
 1904 were $1,035,909,197, against $995,494,327 in 1903, an increase of $40,000,000, 
 or but 4 per cent. Thus the imports from Cuba increased 31 per cent w^hile the 
 imports from other sections of the West Indies were decreasing, and the total imports 
 into the United States from all countries were increasing but 4 per cent. 
 
 Turning to the export side the figures of the United States Government show total 
 exports to Cuba in the calendar year 1904 valued at $32,644,345, against $23,504,417 
 in 1903, an increase of $9,139^928, or 38.9 per cent. The total exports to all parts of 
 the world in 1904 were $1,451,355,645, against $1,484,753,083 in 1903, a decrease of 
 $33,397,438, or 2.3 per cent in the grand total exports, while to Cuba alone, as above 
 indicated, the increase is practically 40 per cent. 
 
 The table which follows shows the total imports from and exports to Cuba in each 
 calendar year from 1890 to 1904: 
 
 Trade of the United States with Cuba, 1890-1904. 
 
 Calendar year. 
 
 Imports from Exporte to 
 Cuba. Cuba. 
 
 1890 
 1891 
 1892 
 1893 
 1894 
 1896 
 1896 
 1897 
 
 $54, 628, 710 
 69, 278, 511 
 78, 228, 542 
 70,581,526 
 76, 413, 131 
 51,718,888 
 24, 708, 849 
 16, 233, 456 
 
 $13, 329, 493 
 14, 464, 459 
 22, 244, 878 
 21,856,241 
 17,186,835 
 9, 498, 054 
 7, 296, 613 
 9,308,515 
 
 Calendar year. 
 
 Imports from 
 Cuba. 
 
 Exports to 
 Cuba. 
 
 1898 
 
 118,321,517 
 29, 668, 221 
 31,747,229 
 46,663,796 
 48, 619, 588 
 57,228,291 
 74, 950, 992 
 
 110,750,257 
 
 1899 
 
 24,861,261 
 
 1900 
 
 26, 934, 524 
 
 1901 
 
 27, 007, 024 
 
 1902 
 
 23,061,623 
 
 1903 
 
 23, 504, 417 
 
 1904 
 
 32,644,345 
 
 
 
 The exports from the United States to Cuba in the calendar year 1904 exceeded 
 those of any earlier year in the history of our trade with that island, the highest 
 total in any preceding year having been that of 1901, $27,007,024, against $32,644,345 
 in 1904, an increase in 1904 of 20.8 per cent over the previous high record year, 1901. 
 The imports from Cuba in 1904 were less in value than those of the calendar years 
 1894 and 1892 and of the fiscal years 1874 and 1873. Summarizing in a single sen- 
 tence the figures of our export trade to Cuba in 1904, it may be said that it is larger 
 than in any preceding year, and that the increase over 1903 was 38.9 per cent, while 
 the increase in imports from Cuba in the same year was 31 per cent. 
 
 Considering the Cuban figures of imports and exports during the existence of the 
 reciprocity treaty and comparing the same with those of the corresponding period 
 
148 
 
 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 of the preceding year, the Bureau of Statistics publishes a table received from official 
 sources in Cuba showing the imports and exports of Cuba by principal countries 
 during the first six months of the calendar years 1903 and 1904. These figures, it is 
 proper to add, include gold and silver as well as merchandise, while those of the 
 United States above discussed relate to merchandise onlj'. The table shows that 
 Cuba's total importations from the United States, including gold and silver, in the 
 first six months of 1904 were 115,416,503, against $13,696,673 in the corresponding 
 period of 1903, and that her exports to the United States in the first half of 1904 
 were $53,109,619, against $36,046,328 in the corresponding months of 1903. 
 
 The figures of Cuba's trade with other countries are also given, and show in prac- 
 tically all cases a larger percentage of increase in imports from those countries than of 
 imports from the United States. From the United Kingdom, for example, the 
 increase in imports is 34.5 per cent; from Spain, 23.8 per cent; from France, 48.4 
 per cent; and from Germany, 39.9 per cent; while from the United States the 
 increase is but 12.8 per cent. Thus in the case of each of the countries named the 
 percentage of increase in imports during the first six months of 1904 was greater than 
 that in imports from the United States. Comparing the imports during the first 
 half of 1904 with those of the corresponding period of 1903, Cuba increased her 
 imports from all countries 22.8 per cent, her imports from countries other than the 
 United States, 30.3 per cent, and her imports from the United States alone, 12.6 per 
 cent. In the first half of 1903 the United States supplied, according to these figures, 
 42 per cent of the total imports of Cuba, and in the corresponding period of 1904 39 
 per cent. 
 
 The exports from Cuba to the United States during the first six months of 1904 
 were $53, 109,619, against $36,046,328 in the corresponding months of 1903, an increase 
 of 47.3 per cent. The exports from Cuba to all countries increased from $44,120,812 
 in the first six months of 1903 to $60,033,227 in the corresponding period of 1904, a 
 growth of 36.1 per cent, while to countries other than the United States Cuba's 
 exports fell from $8,074,484 in the first half of 1903 to $6,923,608 in the corresponding 
 months of 1904, a decrease of 14.2 per cent. 
 
 The table which follows shows the trade of Cuba with the principal countries of 
 the world during the first six months of 1904 compared with the corresponding 
 months of 1903, the figures being those of the Cuban Government, but including 
 gold and silver with merchandise. 
 
 Imports into Cuba, hy principal countries, during the first six months of 1908 and 1904- 
 
 Countries. 
 
 Six montlis ending June 
 30— 
 
 Per cent 
 of in- 
 crease. 
 
 United States 
 
 United Kingdom 
 
 Spain 
 
 France 
 
 Germany 
 
 Uruguay 
 
 Venezuela 
 
 Mexico 
 
 Porto Rico 
 
 Belgium 
 
 Canada 
 
 Colombia 
 
 Italy 
 
 Netherlands 
 
 Sweden and Norway 
 
 British India 
 
 Austria-Hungary 
 
 Argentina ." 
 
 All other countries . . 
 
 Total 
 
 $13, 696, 
 
 4, 910, 
 
 4, 928, 
 
 2, 249, 
 
 1, 806, 
 
 1,098, 
 
 53, 
 
 1,561, 
 
 260, 
 
 278, 
 
 126, 
 
 297, 
 
 121, 
 
 153, 
 
 141, 
 
 121, 
 
 72, 
 
 90. 
 
 494, 
 
 $15, 
 6, 
 6, 
 3, 
 
 416, 503 
 607, 480 
 099, 994 
 337, 081 
 526, 223 
 931,017 
 916, 447 
 879, 477 
 625, 379 
 377, 269 
 289, 015 
 286, 292 
 204, 714 
 168, 753 
 157, 594 
 157, 312 
 145, 206 
 128, 463 
 617, 219 
 
 12.6 
 34.5 
 23.8 
 48.4 
 39.9 
 
 a 14. 9 
 1, 599. 6 
 
 a 43. 7 
 
 140.5 
 35.3 
 
 128.3 
 a 3. 6 
 67.9 
 10.0 
 11.3 
 29.9 
 
 102.8 
 42.0 
 24.8 
 
 32, 458, 362 39, 872, 456 
 
 22.8 
 
 a Decrease. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 149 
 
 Exports from Cuba, hi/ principal countries, during the first six months of 1903 and 1904- 
 
 United States 
 
 United Kingdom 
 
 Spain 
 
 France 
 
 Germany 
 
 Uruguay 
 
 Venezuela 
 
 Mexico 
 
 Porto Rico 
 
 Belgium 
 
 Canada 
 
 Colombia 
 
 Italy 
 
 Netherlands 
 
 Sweden and Norway . 
 
 British India 
 
 Austria-Hungary 
 
 Argentina 
 
 All other countries . . . 
 
 Total 
 
 Six months ending June 
 30— 
 
 »36, 046, 328 
 
 3, 598, 08G 
 
 753, 338 
 
 773, 677 
 
 1,615,875 
 
 45, 403 
 
 1,109 
 
 63, 604 
 
 4,518 
 
 35, 240 
 
 249, 759 
 
 94, 080 
 
 54, 829 
 
 94, 373 
 
 6,410 
 
 55, 877 
 111, 674 
 516, 632 
 
 1904. 
 
 »58, 
 
 109,619 
 
 892, 097 
 
 482, 102 
 
 827, 568 
 
 389, 347 
 
 31,030 
 
 5, 045 
 
 47, 564 
 
 28, 847 
 
 56, 767 
 
 211,023 
 
 131, 909 
 
 8,758 
 
 148, 903 
 
 1,900 
 
 500 
 
 42, 222 
 
 125, 799 
 
 492, 237 
 
 44,120,812 60,033,227 
 
 Per cent 
 of in- 
 crease. 
 
 47.3 
 
 19.6 
 a 36.0 
 
 69.7 
 O14.0 
 a 31. 7 
 354.9 
 a 25. 2 
 638.5 
 
 61.0 
 a 16. 5 
 
 40.2 
 a 84. 
 
 57.8 
 a 70. 4 
 
 a 24 A 
 12.6 
 a4.7 
 
 a Decrease. 
 
 The United States Bureau of Statistics, Department of Commerce 
 and Labor, in August, 1905, furnished preliminary figures of the 
 foreign commerce of Cuba for the calendar year 1904, which show 
 substantial increase in trade relations with the island Republic. As 
 the reciprocity agreement with the United States went into effect 
 December 27, 1903, the figures give some idea of the relative position 
 of American commerce with Cuba in comparison with that of the 
 principal competing European countries as affected by the preferential 
 tariff treatment accorded American products. 
 
 The United States furnished 42.5 per cent of the total merchandise 
 imports during the calendar year 1904, as against 40.5 per cent during 
 the previous year. The United Kingdom, our most serious competitor, 
 furnished 16.4 per cent, as against 17 per cent in 1903. Spain's share 
 has fallen from 14.3 to 12.6 per cent, while Germany's and France's 
 relative shares have risen inconsiderably, though the absolute figures 
 of imports from all these countries show substantial gains during the 
 most recent calendar year. 
 
 The following table shows the value of the imports into Cuba from 
 the principal countries during the calendar 3^ ears 1903 and 1904: 
 
 1903. 
 
 United States «25, 
 
 Great Britain 10, 
 
 \ 9 
 
 Spain 
 
 Germany 
 
 France 
 
 American countries, n. e. s 
 European countries, n. e. s 
 Other countries 
 
 Total. 
 
 703, 100 
 799, 800 
 113, 500 
 922, 000 
 372, 000 
 337, 500 
 892, 000 
 324, 600 
 
 63, 464, 500 
 
 742, 000 
 684, 700 
 707, 600 
 023, 800 
 224, 100 
 686,500 
 450. 100 
 563; 800 
 
 77, 082, 100 
 
150 
 
 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 EXPORTS TO PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES. 
 
 The importance of the United States as the principal outlet for 
 Cuban staples is even more pronounced than its leading position in the 
 Cuban import market. Moreover, the large gains, both relative and 
 absolute, made b}" Cuban exports to the United States during the last 
 3^ear have reduced the shares in the export trade taken by the leading 
 European countries. Thus, while the exports to the United States 
 grew from 160,100.000 in 1903 to 174,500,000 in 1904, or from 77.T 
 per cent to 83.7 per cent of the total exports, the share of the United 
 Kingdom has fallen from $6,600,000 to $5,900,000 in 1904; that of 
 Germany has fallen from $5,400,000 to $4,000,000; that of Spain 
 from $1,300,000 to $731,000, and that of France from $1,100,000 to 
 $1,000,000. The following table shows the value of the exports from 
 Cuba to the principal countries during the last two calendar years: 
 
 United States 
 
 Great Britain 
 
 Spain 
 
 Germany 
 
 France 
 
 American countries n. e. s 
 European countries n. e. s 
 Other countries 
 
 Total 
 
 860, 089, 400 
 
 $74,466,000 
 
 6, 590, 800 
 
 5,902,500 
 
 1,273,200 
 
 . 731,000 
 
 5, 370, 800 
 
 4,032,300 
 
 1, 132, 700 
 
 1, 008, 300 
 
 1,654,500 
 
 1,693,300 
 
 811, 400 
 
 703, 200 
 
 338, 000 
 
 476,200 
 
 77, 260, 800 
 
 89, 012, 800 
 
 AMERICAN INDUSTRIES BENEFITED. 
 
 An analj^sis of the import figures by articles discloses the fact that 
 the gain in imports from this country has* been distributed in a fairly 
 equable manner, benefiting thus a large number of American interests 
 represented in the Cuban market. Thus, the imports of cotton goods 
 show a gain of over 87 percent— from $453,100 in 1903 to $848,500 in 
 1904 — although it should be said that even after such an increase the 
 relative share of the United States in the total foreign suppl}^ of cot- 
 tons does not exceed 10.4 per cent, as against 54 per cent supplied b}^ 
 the United Kingdom and 18.7 per cent by Spain. Almost one-half of 
 the manufactures of iron and steel is now being furnished by the United 
 States, the gain in 1904 of about half a million dollars being far in 
 excess of gains made b}'' other countries during the same period. 
 
 BOOTS, SHOES, AND MACHINERY. 
 
 In boots and shoes the share of the United States has risen from 37 
 per cent in 1903 to 40.3 per cent in 1904, the value of American shoes 
 imported in 1904 being $1,202,200, as against $854,300 in 1903. 
 Spanish boots and shoes, which as late as 1900 supplied almost 80 per 
 cent of the total demand for the foreign article, constituted 61.3 per 
 cent of the total shoe imports in 1903 and 58.6 per cent in 1904. The 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 151 
 
 change of taste and habits illustrated by these figures is, after all, the 
 product of slow growth, and no sudden changes in the import figures 
 could be expected. 
 
 The total import figures of machinery, exclusive of machiner}^ for 
 sugar mills and distilleries, show a larger relative growth than those 
 credited to the United States, notwithstanding the 20 per cent differ- 
 ential in favor of the American article. The progress made by Ameri- 
 can machinery for use in sugar mills and distilleries is more satisfactory, 
 the import figures for 1904 showing substantial gains over those for 
 1903, and the relative share in the total imports for 1904 being 73.2 
 per cent, as against 66.7 per cent during the preceding year. 
 
 Considerable gains are shown in the imports of paper and paper 
 manufactures. Out of 11,304,200 worth of these articles imported in 
 1903, the share supplied by the United States was $319,800, while in 
 1904 the imports from all countries amounted to 11,367,000, of which 
 the United States supplied $428,200, or 31.3 per cent. The imports 
 of manufactures of wool and textile fibers from this country are still 
 inconsiderable, Cuba drawing upon Europe for these articles. The 
 imports of manufactured linen, jute, and other fibers have fallen off 
 considerably during the last year, while the imports of wool manufac- 
 tures show a slight increase. 
 
 GROWTH IN FOOD STUFFS. 
 
 The improvement in the economic condition of Cuba is attested by 
 the growth of imports of food stuffs from $21,800,000 in 1903 to about 
 $26,000,000 in .1904, Practically all the flour, corn, and lard had been 
 coming from the United States even prior to reciprocity, and naturally 
 continues to do so now under reciprocity. Of these three articles of 
 popular diet, the imports of flour have increased from $2,085,000 to 
 $2,970,000; corn from $606,600 to $898,000, while lard decreased from 
 $2,885,000 in 1903 to $2,617,800 in 1904. 
 
 It is but proper to add that the Cuban duty on American flour, 
 $1 per 220 pounds before reciprocity, was reduced to 70 cents by the 
 reciprocity agreement, and then increased to 91 cents -by act of the 
 Cuban Congress of February 5, 1904, raising the general rate on 
 the article. The rate on American corn was likewise reduced from 
 30 cents per 220 pounds to 21 cents, and then increased to 27.3 cents, 
 while the rate on American lard was lowered at first from $2.80 per 
 100 kilograms to $2.24 by a 20 per cent reduction according to the 
 reciprocity agreement, and then raised to $2.91 through an increase of 
 the general rate by 30 per cent by the act of February 9, 1904. 
 
 The 20 per cent differential in favor of American-grown coffee has 
 benefited the Porto Rican product, the imports of which into Cuba 
 have increased from $207,400 to $711,400, constituting 38.4 per cent 
 of the 1904 coffee imports, as against 18.6 per cent only of the imports 
 for the preceding 3"ear. 
 
152 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 SHIPPING INSTRUCTIONS. 
 
 The following information has been collected largely from Messrs. 
 Molina Brothers, custom-house brokers, of Habana. 
 
 All goods arriving in the island of Cuba, whether dutiable or not, 
 must be entered in the custom-house of the port of arrival. The entry 
 is made on a prescribed form, which is accompanied by the invoice or 
 bill of sale, and the bill of lading issued b}^ the carrying company. 
 Both the bill of lading and the invoice must be in exact accordance 
 with the goods they cover. 
 
 Great care should be exercised in making invoices to conform to the 
 customs regulations, for if they are not properly prepared the entry 
 is delayed, heavy fines are imposed (if not confiscation), and the mer- 
 ♦ chant is at a loss to know what the goods are going to cost him and 
 besides risks losing sales on account of late delivery. Several 
 instances are known of merchants ordering from Europe, simply 
 because European manufacturers comply with their instructions and 
 present invoices properly made, thereby insuring the dispatch of their 
 goods within the specified time of eight daj^s after arrival. The cus- 
 toms regulations of this country are identical with those of the United 
 States, and intending shippers s hould consult them or employ experts 
 in export trade in order to have invoices properly made. 
 
 The invoices must be made in quadruplicate, on good, durable paper, 
 with ink, and must give the value of each article they cover, its gross 
 and net weight, a description of package (if it is case, barrel, bundle, 
 crate, etc.), and its gross and net weight. If packages are marked and 
 numbered it should be so stated on invoice; all vague terms, such as 
 fittings, machinery, supplies, should be avoided. Everything should 
 be clearly described. On invoices covering textiles it is absolutely 
 necessar3^ to state whether they are cotton, linen, wool, or silk. On 
 invoices of such goods as hosiery, the net weight of the pasteboard 
 boxes, the weight of the wooden box, and the total weight of all, must 
 be stated. Other requirements for various classes of goods are given 
 below. In brief, goods should be so clearly and definitel}^ described 
 on the invoice that one can readih^ learn the number of packages, their 
 marks and numbers, gross and net weight, and exact contents, quality, 
 value, etc., without the necessity of opening or seeing the packages. 
 
 The expenses incurred, if any, such as packing and boxes or cartage, 
 should be stated, but not the steamer freight from the shipping port. 
 If there are no charges the fact should be indicated by the letters 
 "f. o. b." The invoices should state whether goods are products of 
 the United States of America, and must be signed in ink by the firm. 
 In case the shipper is a company or corporation, the title of the signer 
 should be given (for example, American Paper Compan}'-, by John 
 Smith, secretary). No initials will be accepted. Invoices must be 
 clean and free from erasures and corrections. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 153 
 
 These four invoices are presented to the Cuban consul, who will 
 certify and return two of them to the shipper. The two returned to 
 the shipper are then sent to consignee, with the bill of lading, by the 
 same steamer that conveys the merchandise. The bill of lading should 
 give clearly the number of packages, gross weight only, and their 
 mark and number, in full conformity with the invoice, and should 
 state to whom they are consigned. If the bill of lading is to "order" 
 it must be indorsed by the shipper, otherwise the custom-house will 
 not deliver the goods. 
 
 Herewith appears a pro forma invoice, showing how it should be 
 made if several articles are put in one package. It must be described 
 as "1 box, barrel, etc., of sundries," gross weight must be given, and 
 each article it contains must be described, somewhat as follows: 
 
 SMALL INVOICE. 
 
 One box sundries, containing — 
 
 Weight. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Value. 
 
 5 pounds . 
 ^ pound . . 
 10 pounds 
 5 ounces . . 
 k pound . . 
 5 pounds . 
 
 5 pounds white beans, at 2 cents per pound . .< 
 
 1 pair men's black leather No. 9 shoes 
 
 1 shotgun 
 
 1 nickel-plated watch 
 
 1 dozen hemstitched cotton handkerchiefs (white) 20 by 20. 
 1 nickel-plated brass shower for bath 
 
 Charges: Boxing, 50 cents; cartage to steamer, 40 cents. 
 
 SO. 10 
 
 3.50 
 
 25.00 
 5.00 
 6.00 
 5.00 
 
 44.60 
 .90 
 
 45.50 
 
 Gross weight of box, 47 pounds. 
 Net weight of box, 22 pounds. 
 
 I certify the above are products of the soil or industry of the United States, and that this invoice 
 is true and correct in all respects. 
 Samples. 
 
 (Signed) John Doe. 
 
 EEQUIEEMENTS ON INVOICES OF DIFFERENT GOODS. 
 
 Shoes: If for men, children, or women; size, number, and kind of 
 leather. 
 
 Cotton or linen goods: If white, colored, printed, dyed, open work, 
 number of threads. 
 
 Furniture: Kind of wood and nature of fixtures. 
 
 Iron: If cast, wrought, etc. 
 
 Brass: If nickel plated, etc. 
 
 Machinery : For what purpose (as, electrical) ; if agricultural describe 
 (mower, plow, etc.). 
 
 Glassware: If cut glass, porcelain, etc., and if gilt. 
 
 Bricks: If plain, c\sij, glazed, etc. 
 
 Jewelry: If solid, tilled, plated,, etc. 
 
 Chemicals: Component material. 
 
 Patent medicines: No further description needed. 
 
 Paper: If writing, printing, or tissue, etc. 
 
154 
 
 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Books: Material of cover, if leather or cloth, and its weight, sep- 
 arate from the paper. 
 
 Sundries: If packed in one package, describe each article, with 
 weight and value. 
 
 Silk: Net and gross weight and value onl5^ 
 
 Woolens: Net and gross weight and value only. 
 
 Ironware: If enameled, etc. 
 
 Food stuff: Weight and value. 
 
 Leather: Kind; patent, enameled, etc. 
 
 STATISTICS OF CUBA'S COMMERCE. 
 
 Imports and exports of Cuba for specified calendar years prior to 1896 and from 1899 to 1903. 
 
 [From the Spanish-Cuban Treasury Report of 1881 for years 1774-1877; from British Consular Report 
 from Habana for years 1894, 1895; from Cuban Official Treasury Reports for years 1899-1903.] 
 
 Year. 
 
 1774 
 1787 
 1792 
 1804 
 1810 
 1817 
 1819 
 1825 
 1827 
 1830 
 1841 
 1846 
 1849 
 1850 
 1852 
 1855 
 
 Imports. Exports. 
 
 Pesos. 
 
 2,285,798 
 2, 879, 050 
 10, 795, 372 
 10, 462, 695 
 15,828,811 
 15, 879, 937 
 9, 292, 575 
 9, 370, 593 
 15, 286, 207 
 14, 935, 279 
 21,781,925 
 22, 605, 399 
 26, 320, 060 
 28, 982, 827 
 29, 780, 242 
 31, 215, 898 
 
 Pesos. 
 1,197,978 
 1, 583, 402 
 7,281,169 
 8, 165, 735 
 10, 078, 285 
 6, 258, 245 
 10, 776, 997 
 6, 465, 323 
 12, 802, 225 
 14,349,823 
 26, 774, 613 
 22, 000, 588 
 22, 436, 566 
 21, 631, 948 
 27, 453, 933 
 34, 802, 826 
 
 Year. 
 
 Imports. Exports. 
 
 Pesos. 
 1857 34, 853, 338 
 
 1859 43, 465, 679 
 
 1860 43, 038, 910 
 
 1862 41, 330, 293 
 
 1877 58, 589, 165 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 1894 1 90, 790, 515 
 
 1895 ! 71, 454, 378 
 
 1899 ,75, 303, 612 
 
 1900 70, 079, 214 
 
 1901 ! 67, 743, 033 
 
 1902 ! 62, 135, 464 
 
 1903 i 67, 077, 676 
 
 1904 i 77, 082, 100 
 
 Pesos. 
 32, 668, 118 
 57, 447, 791 
 42, 203, 005 
 55, 462, 239 
 66, 836, 204 
 
 Dollar 
 113, 168 
 101,939: 
 49, 698: 
 51,342 
 66, 502 
 64, 948 
 78, 486 
 89, 012 
 
 •s. 
 
 ,718 
 ,024 
 ,772 
 ,336 
 169 
 804 
 ,409 
 ,800 
 
 Commerce in merchandise of tJie United States with Cuba from 1851 to 1904- 
 
 Year ending June 30 — 
 
 I Domestic ex- 
 ! ports from 
 [United States 
 1 to Cuba. 
 
 Imports from Cuba into United States. 
 
 Dutiable. 
 
 Total. 
 
 1851 . 
 1852. 
 
 1853 . 
 
 1854 . 
 1855. 
 1856 . 
 1857. 
 
 1858 . 
 
 1859 . 
 1860. 
 18M. 
 1862. 
 1863. 
 1864. 
 1865 . 
 1866. 
 1867. 
 1868 . 
 1869. 
 1870. 
 1871. 
 1872. 
 1873. 
 
 1874 . 
 
 1875 . 
 1.S76 . 
 1877 . 
 187X. 
 
 1879 . 
 
 1880 . 
 
 1881 . 
 1882. 
 
 239, 276 
 808, 196 
 773,419 
 228, 116 
 607, 119 
 199, 035 
 379, 582 
 673, 167 
 217, 268 
 747, 913 
 461,082 
 071, 781 
 707, 148 
 203, 817 
 847, 602 
 994, 546 
 171,835 
 255, 843 
 643, 955 
 091, 662 
 200, 496 
 168,958 
 231,039 
 597, 981 
 586, 658 
 746, 058 
 748, 003 
 365,013 
 294,329 
 924,633 
 999, 276 
 775, 073 
 
 1322, 154 
 277, 870 
 220, 875 
 382, 529 
 285, 392 
 
 386. 102 
 395, 051 
 513, 332 
 594, 675 
 357, 887 
 308, 815 
 536, 745 
 281, 713 
 429, 826 
 336,300 
 295, 799 
 382, 304 
 259,441 
 320,385 
 148, 773 
 211, 638 
 251, 623 
 409, 614 
 721,854 
 322, 778 
 295, 864 
 265, 682 
 
 193. 103 
 294; 933 
 555, 627 
 619, 390 
 656, 042 
 
 , 385, 759 
 , 307, 746 
 , 327, 288 
 , 615, 252 
 , 156, 460 
 , 025, 646 
 , 217, 911 
 , 246, 839 
 , 094, 915 
 , 065, 873 
 , 334, 038 
 , 460, 684 
 , 787, 452 
 , 574, 707 
 , 694, 056 
 , 230, 200 
 , 014, 222 
 ', 515, 263 
 , 656, 106 
 , 628, 335 
 , 323, 287 
 , 012, 792 
 , 668, 111 
 , 706, 243 
 , 264, 939 
 , 712, 002 
 , 562, 713 
 , 708, 229 
 ,354,723 
 , 867, 391 
 , 484, 014 
 , 794, 610 
 
 S16, 707 
 17, 585: 
 18,547: 
 16, 997 
 18, 441 
 24, 411 
 44, 612, 
 22, 760: 
 32, 689: 
 32, 423 
 30, 642 
 28, 997, 
 24, 069: 
 87, 004 
 30,030 
 37, 525 
 38,396 
 40, 774 
 56, 976 
 53, 777: 
 57, 634 
 67, 264: 
 77, 077, 
 85, 428, 
 04, 587 
 56, 007 
 65, 828 
 56, 901 
 68, 649 
 65,428 
 63, 003 
 70, 450: 
 
 ,918 
 ,616 
 ,663 
 ,781 
 ,852 
 ,748 
 ,962 
 ,171 
 ,590 
 ,760 
 ,853 
 ,429 
 ,165 
 ,533 
 ,356 
 ,999 
 ,526 
 ,704 
 ,491 
 ,108 
 ,925 
 ,415 
 ,725 
 ,097 
 ,717 
 ,866 
 ,895 
 ,332 
 , 656 
 ,018 
 ,404 
 I 652 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 155 
 
 Commerce in merchandise of tlie United States viith Cuba from 1851 to 1904 — Continued. 
 
 
 Domestic ex- 
 ports from 
 United States 
 to Cuba. 
 
 Imports from Cuba into United States. 
 
 Year ending June 30 — 
 
 Free. 
 
 Dutiable. 
 
 Total. 
 
 1883 '. 
 
 114,567,918 
 
 10, 562, 880 
 
 8, 719, 195 
 
 10, 020, 879 
 
 10,138,930 
 
 9,724,124 
 
 11,297,198 
 
 12, 669, 509 
 
 11, 929, 605 
 
 17,622,411 
 
 23, 604, 094 
 
 19,855,237 
 
 12, 533, 260 
 
 7, 312, 348 
 
 7, 599, 757 
 
 9,233,894 
 
 17, 247, 952 
 
 25,236,808 
 
 24, 100, 453 
 
 25,012,109 
 
 20,140,132 
 
 25, 810, 812 
 
 $785,829 
 
 1,484,638 
 
 1,786,049 
 
 1,765,751 
 
 2,033,205 
 
 2,066,379 
 
 2, 405, 425 
 
 2,761,711 
 
 26,044,502 
 
 66, 140, 835 
 
 66, 049, 369 
 
 67, 418, 289 
 
 17,684,765 
 
 2,074,763 
 
 1,270,059 
 
 276, 000 
 
 1,031,713 
 
 1,854,373 
 
 2, 691, 587 
 
 2,644,017 
 
 3,114,807 
 
 4, 378, 297 
 
 $64, 758, 705 
 55, 696, 859 
 40,520,044 
 49, 345, 029 
 47,482,229 
 47,252,708 
 49, 725, 198 
 51,039,880 
 35, 669, 893 
 11, 790, 836 
 12,657,137 
 8, 259, 972 
 35,186,494 
 37,942,967 
 17, 136, 756 
 14, 956, 477 
 24, 377, 115 
 29, 517, 331 
 40,731,501 
 32, 050, 667 
 59,827,983 
 72, 605, 121 
 
 $65,544,534 
 57,181,497 
 
 1884 
 
 1885 . 
 
 42, 306, 093 
 51,110,780 
 
 1886 
 
 1887 
 
 49 515 434 
 
 1888 , 
 
 49, 319, 087 
 52 130 623 
 
 1889 
 
 1890.. .. 
 
 53,801,591 
 
 1891 
 
 61,714,395 
 
 1892 
 
 77,931,671 
 
 1893 
 
 78, 706, 506 
 
 1894 
 
 75,678,261 
 52,871,259 
 
 1895. 
 
 1896 
 
 40, 017, 730 
 
 1897 
 
 18, 406, 815 
 
 1898 
 
 15, 232, 477 
 
 1899 
 
 25,408,828 
 31,371,704 
 43, 423, 088 
 
 
 1901 
 
 1902 
 
 34,694,684 
 62 942,790 
 
 1903 
 
 
 76, 983, 418 
 
 
 
 Summary of imports into Cuba, by classes of articles, during the calendar years 1899-1903. 
 
 Article 
 
 Earths, stones, etc., and manufactures of 
 
 Stones and earths 
 
 Shale, bitumen, etc 
 
 "Glass and crystal 
 
 Earthenware and porcelaift 
 
 Metals and manufactures of: 
 
 Gold, silver, and platinum 
 
 Iron and steel 
 
 Copper 
 
 All other metals 
 
 Chemicals, drugs, dyes, perfumeries, etc. 
 
 Natural products 
 
 Colors, paints, etc 
 
 Chemical products 
 
 Essences, oils, etc 
 
 Fibers, and manufactures of: 
 
 Cotton 
 
 Vegetable fiber 
 
 Wool, hair, etc -. 
 
 Silk 
 
 Paper, and manufactures of: 
 
 Paper and pasteboard 
 
 Books and prints 
 
 Wood and other vegetable sub.stances: 
 
 Wood 
 
 All other 
 
 Animals and animal products: 
 
 Animals 
 
 Hides and skins 
 
 Manufactures 
 
 Instruments, machinery, and apparatus: 
 
 Instruments 
 
 Machinery 
 
 Apparatus 
 
 Foods and drinks: 
 
 Meats 
 
 Fish .■ 
 
 Breadstuffs 
 
 Fruits 
 
 Vegetables 
 
 Beverages and oils 
 
 Dairy products .■ 
 
 All other 
 
 Miscellaneous 
 
 Articles free of duty: 
 
 Specie 
 
 All other articles 
 
 Total 
 
 $285, 246 
 714, 052 
 469, 530 
 627, 991 
 
 156, 207 
 
 1,810,061 
 
 266, 070 
 
 428, 083 
 
 248, 355 
 
 331,073 
 
 1,053,633 
 
 1,267,372 
 
 6, 237, 330 
 
 2, 682, 366 
 
 740, 453 
 
 380, 285 
 
 762, 878 
 219, 037 
 
 1,135,098 
 102, 589 
 
 12, 154, 267 
 
 154, 971 
 
 2, 906, 105 
 
 137, 474 
 
 1, 235, 164 
 
 608, 948 
 
 6, 457, 107 
 974, 461 
 6, 670, 004 
 398, 064 
 2, 261, 792 
 4, 308, 142 
 1,113,212 
 2, 387, 540 
 2,329,282 
 
 8, 520, 501 
 2, 768, 869 
 
 a 276 
 554 
 636 
 
 218 
 
 2,596 
 
 526 
 
 434 
 
 239 
 
 279 
 
 848 
 
 1,196 
 
 6, 116 
 2,443 
 
 835 
 255; 
 
 1,250, 
 8O; 
 
 8, 596, 
 
 181 
 
 1,906, 
 
 233 
 
 2, 122: 
 
 894, 
 
 7, 510, 
 1, 134 
 6, 352, 
 424 
 1,880 
 3,763 
 1,119 
 3, 104, 
 2, 562 
 
 3, 420, 
 4, 359: 
 
 579, 
 587 
 502^ 
 
 255 
 
 3, 422 
 
 259 
 
 302 
 
 233 
 
 299 
 
 1,032 
 
 1,353 
 
 6,109 
 
 1,843 
 618 
 520 
 
 892, 
 244 
 
 1,276 
 98 
 
 9,318 
 
 197 
 
 1,879; 
 
 241 
 
 2,642 
 
 762 
 
 7,308 
 1,150 
 7, 238, 
 381 
 2, 554 
 3,362 
 1,090 
 2, 651 
 1,829, 
 
 1, 169 
 3,224 
 
 427 
 
 $320, 773 
 542, 882 
 
 567 
 504, 
 
 251 
 3, 172 
 
 277, 
 252 
 
 250 
 
 289: 
 
 960 
 
 1, 264 
 
 5, 285 
 
 2,141 
 
 694 
 
 592, 
 
 939 
 320 
 
 1, 258 
 142 
 
 5, 897 
 
 178, 
 
 2, 109 
 
 182, 
 
 2,041 
 
 950 
 
 6, 806 
 1,153 
 6,510: 
 320 
 2, 307 
 3, 29i: 
 1,088, 
 2,131 
 1, 836 
 
 1, 550 
 3, 748: 
 
 664 
 623 
 
 444; 
 
 479. 
 
 2, 720: 
 
 330, 
 
 186 
 
 297 
 
 349 
 
 1,049 
 
 1,413 
 
 6, 317, 
 
 2, 643 
 
 609 
 
 717 
 
 950 
 330, 
 
 1,371 
 190 
 
 6,265 
 
 311 
 
 2, 505 
 
 2, 773,401 
 800, 600 
 
 6,600 
 1,057 
 6,188 
 
 295 
 2,233 
 2,935 
 
 955 
 1,536 
 2, 014 
 
 3,613 
 4,760 
 
 881 
 823 
 323 
 
 990 
 976 
 
 278 
 077 
 
 029 
 312 
 
 074 
 756 
 
 740 
 349 
 
 977 
 446 
 
 491 
 343 
 
 198 
 492 
 
 193 
 
 089 
 970 
 
 287 
 982 
 876 
 482 
 012 
 716 
 155 
 070 
 780 
 
 245 
 
 75, 303, 612 
 
 67, 743, 033 
 
 62, 135, 464 
 
 07, 077, 670 
 
 aMineral oil, crude, used in the manufacture of gas, is included in "Articles free of duty." 
 
156 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Summary of exports from Cuba, by classes of articles, during the calendar years 1899-1903. 
 
 Article. 
 
 Animals and animal products: 
 
 Animals 
 
 Hides and skins 
 
 Products 
 
 Sugar and molasses: 
 
 Sugar 
 
 Molasses 
 
 Confectionery 
 
 Fruits, grains, and vegetables: 
 
 Fruits 
 
 Grains and vegetables 
 
 Fishery products: 
 
 Tortoise shells 
 
 Sponges 
 
 Mineral products: 
 
 Asphaltum 
 
 Iron and copper ore 
 
 Old metals 
 
 Forest products: 
 
 Vegetable fibers 
 
 Wood 
 
 Dyes and tanning materials. 
 Tobacco: 
 
 Unmanufactured 
 
 Manufactures of 
 
 Miscellaneous: 
 
 Bee products 
 
 Distilled products- 
 
 Other articles 
 
 Gold and silver 
 
 Foreign exports 
 
 18, 
 
 Total 49,698,772 
 
 16, 372 
 253, 278 
 42, 860 
 
 642, 158 
 261, 353 
 9,098 
 
 355, 579 
 
 445, 608 
 
 33, 820 
 396, 844 
 
 9,696 
 506, 997 
 46, 641 
 
 61, 170 
 966, 999 
 31, 684 
 
 , 927, 178 
 , 157, 572 
 
 250,005 
 294, 206 
 857, 610 
 ,631,434 
 510, 610 
 
 S3, 977 
 
 237, 304 
 
 59,242 
 
 16,776,415 
 
 581,277 
 
 18, 839 
 
 729, 779 
 451, 925 
 
 44,112 
 450, 481 
 
 18, 252 
 
 642, 706 
 
 21, 597 
 
 173, 299 
 
 1, 050, 322 
 
 41,831 
 
 13, 793, 783 
 12, 294, 185 
 
 418, 578 
 227, 308 
 384, 272 
 2, 437, 652 
 485, 200 
 
 51,342,336 
 
 14,594 
 
 231,060 
 
 74, 517 
 
 30, 820, 191 
 
 1,216,831 
 
 15, 019 
 
 999, 745 
 442, 973 
 
 49, 958 
 478, 565 
 
 50, 168 
 905, 106 
 66, 414 
 
 114, 238 
 
 1, 193, 224 
 
 46,639 
 
 12, 517, 111 
 12, 810, 064 
 
 459, 733 
 
 206, 539 
 
 42, 817 
 
 3,223,789 
 
 530, 874 
 
 66, 502, 169 
 
 S12, 584 
 
 374, 482 
 
 76, 780 
 
 29, 994, 572 
 
 651, 360 
 
 16, 619 
 
 1, 274, 596 
 632, 010 
 
 54, 615 
 420, 843 
 
 74,144 
 
 1, 702, 143 
 
 366, 288 
 
 380, 926 
 
 1,428,574 
 
 65, 313 
 
 12,652,468 
 12, 751, 712 
 
 681,350 
 200, 973 
 120, 180 
 619, 146 
 397, 126 
 
 $64, 151 
 
 276, 602 
 
 59, 447 
 
 40, 452, 191 
 
 1,246,008 
 
 20, 487 
 
 2,231,273 
 667, 751 
 
 56, 374 
 423,436 
 
 34, 132 
 
 1,672,562 
 
 218, 196 
 
 150,445 
 
 2, 189, 562 
 
 88, 664 
 
 13, 255, 146 
 12, 787, 173 
 
 759, 302 
 222, 269 
 217, 373 
 1, 225, 572 
 168, 293 
 
 78, 486, 409 
 
 Imports into and exports from Cuba, by countries, during the years ending June 30, 1901 to 
 
 1904- 
 
 IMPORTS. 
 
 Country. 
 
 1901. 
 
 1902. 
 
 1903. 
 
 1904. 
 
 NOKTH AMERICA. 
 
 United States . . . . 
 
 r28, 561, 141 
 
 161,225 
 
 3, 243, 687 
 
 128, 639, 331 
 
 241,350 
 
 3, 104, 200 
 
 S25, 713, 667 
 
 261, 523 
 
 3, 260, 931 
 
 S29, 513, 437 
 
 
 418, 434 
 
 
 1, 976, 315 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 31,966,053 
 
 31,984,881 
 
 29,236,121 
 
 31, 908, 186 
 
 
 
 CENTRAL AMERICA AND WEST INBIES. 
 
 Central America: 
 
 Honduras . 
 
 134, 132 
 39, 996 
 
 4, 943 
 
 1,314 
 
 1, 132, 339 
 
 128, 485 
 
 158, 838 
 
 390, 318 
 76,793 
 
 34, 232 
 
 359 
 
 521,011 
 
 168, 147 
 
 375, 988 
 
 
 
 West Indies: 
 
 British 
 
 56, 774 
 
 31, 931 
 
 Dutch 
 
 
 
 017, 704 
 59, 768 
 
 791,316 
 
 All other 
 
 137, 896 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 1,441,209 
 
 893,084 
 
 1, 190, 860 
 
 1,337,131 
 
 
 
 SOUTH AMERICA. 
 
 Argentina . 
 
 517, 605 
 46, 068 
 
 702, 730 
 32, 336 
 
 198, 781 
 78,285 
 
 . 218, 419 
 
 
 97, 798 
 
 Chile 
 
 
 Colombia 
 
 965, 275 
 
 170, OUO 
 
 300, 800 
 
 1, 387, 978 
 
 1,926,766 
 
 1,824,309 
 
 87, 203 
 
 168, 355 
 
 1,006,079 
 
 1,772,515 
 
 876, 355 
 
 130, 718 
 
 231, 774 
 
 1,763,814 
 
 53, 922 
 
 673, 544 
 
 Ecuador 
 
 131,759 
 
 Peru 
 
 33, 442 
 
 Uruguay . 
 
 1,771,282 
 
 Venezuela . 
 
 2, 235, 508 
 
 All other 
 
 37, 561 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 5, 315, 182 
 
 5,593,527 
 
 3, 333, 649 
 
 5,199,313 
 
 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 157 
 
 Imports into and exports from Cuba, by anmtries, duriiuj llir years ending JuneoO, IVOl to 
 
 i-W.;!— Continued. 
 
 IMPORTS— Continued. 
 
 
 
 Country. 
 
 1901. 
 
 1902. 
 
 1903. 
 
 1904. 
 
 EUROPE. 
 
 Germany 
 
 S3, 403, 031 
 
 2, 922, ,S29 
 
 10, 208, 232 
 
 9, 280, 949 
 
 170,317 
 
 110,903 
 
 20f), 573 
 
 328, 3311 
 
 801 
 
 380, 519 
 
 196, 050 
 
 Sf3, 456, 469 
 
 3,054,347 
 
 9, 723, 248 
 
 9,584,689 
 
 189, 228 
 
 131,739 
 
 288, 386 
 
 309, 825 
 
 $3, 724, 079 
 
 3, 929, 168 
 
 10, 023, 212 
 
 9, 230, 967 
 
 237, 102 
 
 130, 3ti 
 
 432, 671 
 
 358, 511 
 
 236 
 
 288, 637 
 
 183,158 
 
 14, 642, 063 
 5, 523, 736 
 10, 743, 885 
 12 494 6''3 
 
 
 S|i;lin 
 
 Uiii tod Kingdom 
 
 Italy 
 
 380, 919 
 257 744 
 
 Austria 
 
 BelRiiim 
 
 721 363 
 
 Holland 
 
 323 ll'-> 
 
 Russia 
 
 17 
 
 Sweden and Norway. 
 
 314, 523 
 230, 789 
 
 318 178 
 
 All other '. 
 
 225 78G 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 27,208,537 
 
 27,283,243 
 
 28, 538, 137 
 
 35, 631, 426 
 
 
 OTHER COUNTRIES. 
 
 British Africa 
 
 
 
 
 
 Canary Islands 
 
 Australia 
 
 553 
 
 173 
 
 392 
 
 2,490 
 
 All other 
 
 273,233 
 
 307, 948 
 
 321, 120 
 
 413, 224 
 
 
 Total 
 
 273, 786 
 
 308, 121 
 
 321, 512 
 
 415 714 
 
 
 
 
 66, 264, 767 
 
 66,062,856 
 
 62,620,279 
 
 74, 491, 770 
 
 
 EXPORTS. 
 
 NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 United States 
 
 Canada 
 
 Mexico 
 
 Other countries 
 
 Total :. . . 
 
 CENTRAL AMERICA AND WEST INDIES 
 
 Central America: 
 
 Honduras 
 
 All other 
 
 West Indies: 
 
 British 
 
 Dutch ... 
 
 Porto Rico 
 
 All other 
 
 Total 
 
 SOUTH AMERICA. 
 
 Argentina 
 
 Brazil 
 
 Chile 
 
 Colombia 
 
 Ecuador 
 
 Peru 
 
 Uruguay 
 
 Venezuela 
 
 All other 
 
 Total 
 
 EUROPE. 
 
 Germany 
 
 France 
 
 Spain 
 
 United Kingdom 
 
 Italy 
 
 Austria 
 
 Belgium 
 
 Holland 
 
 Russia 
 
 Sweden and Norway 
 
 All other 
 
 Total 
 
 145,891,832 
 
 453, 873 
 
 79, 268 
 
 2,269 
 
 46, 426, 742 
 
 769 
 19, 609 
 
 25, 587 
 
 29, 445 
 
 3, 145 
 
 33, 950 
 
 112,505 
 
 301,805 
 
 19, 481 
 
 239, 895 
 
 138, 971 
 
 1,912 
 
 31,331 
 
 100, 503 
 
 21, 030 
 
 4,459 
 
 859, 387 
 
 0, 722, 494 
 
 2, 116, 565 
 
 579, 302 
 
 5, 881, 219 
 
 48, 413 
 
 564, 323 
 
 107, 062 
 
 182, 709 
 
 54, 850 
 
 13, 023 
 
 68, 662 
 
 16,338,622 
 
 57, 639, 378 
 
 361, 563 
 
 71,485 
 
 1,704 
 
 38,074,130 
 
 975 
 16-, 795 
 
 25, 244 
 32, 776 
 10, 274 
 22, 037 
 
 108, 101 
 
 231, 444 
 
 26, 820 
 
 170, 312 
 
 130, 970 
 
 1,341 
 
 24, 506 
 
 106, 290 
 
 5,160 
 
 9,667 
 
 706, 510 
 
 3, 939, 224 
 
 2, .597, 974 
 
 1, 322, 285 
 
 5, 993, 530 
 
 95, 561 
 
 439, 198 
 
 171,280 
 
 190, 108 
 
 64, 954 
 
 70, 574 
 
 53, 814 
 
 62, 757, 845 
 
 454, 877 
 
 114, 626 
 
 1,500 
 
 63, 328, 848 
 
 1,048 
 13, 211 
 
 66, 293 
 62, 367 
 7,312 
 25, 386 
 
 175, 617 
 
 197, 618 
 
 26, 856 
 
 207, 767 
 
 206, 486 
 
 350 
 
 28, 171 
 
 91, 380 
 
 2,959 
 
 3,464 
 
 765, 051 
 
 3, 766, 061 
 
 1,122,073 
 
 1,681,624 
 
 6,433,653 
 
 206, 447 
 
 181, 094 
 
 85, 775 
 
 155, 263 
 
 71, 410 
 
 8,769 
 
 47,400 
 
 14,938,502 13.7-59,569 
 
 f 78, 198, 198 
 
 519, 807 
 
 91,437 
 
 10, 189 
 
 78, 819, 626 
 
 2,169 
 
 22,448 
 
 30, 383 
 76, 815 
 31,862 
 31, 885 
 
 195, 562 
 
 234, 156 
 
 16, 958 
 
 157, 778 
 
 273, 348 
 
 2,381 
 
 37, 081 
 
 96, 555 
 
 6,116 
 
 13, 483 
 
 837, 856 
 
 5, 144, 278 
 
 1,188,263 
 
 1,180,384 
 
 5, 884, 835 
 
 43, 545 
 
 269, 345 
 
 99, 250 
 
 265, 907 
 
 34, 097 
 
 6,481 
 
 101, 083 
 
 14, 217, 468 
 
158 
 
 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Imports into and exports from Cuba, by countries, during the years ending June 30, 1901 to 
 
 1904 — Continued. 
 
 EXPORTS— Continued. 
 
 Country. 
 
 1901. 
 
 1902. 
 
 1903. 
 
 1904. 
 
 OTHER COUNTRIES. 
 
 British Africa 
 
 $97,138 
 56, 386 
 
 317, 149 
 37, 872 
 
 S79, 889 
 54, 418 
 
 248, 897 
 36,280 
 
 $30, 788 
 113, 981 
 174, 330 
 34, 458 
 
 $25, 565 
 
 
 98, 849 
 
 
 157, 083 
 
 
 46, 815 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 508, 545 
 
 419, 484 
 
 353,557 
 
 328, 312 
 
 
 
 
 64, 245, 801 
 
 54,246,727 
 
 78,382,642 
 
 94, 398, 824 
 
 
 
 Imports into Cuba, by countries, free and dutiable, loitli total duties collected; also exports 
 from Cuba, by countries, during the year ending June 30, 1904- 
 
 Country. 
 
 United States 
 
 Argentina 
 
 Canada 
 
 Colombia 
 
 Ecuador 
 
 Honduras 
 
 Mexico 
 
 Porto Rico , 
 
 Uruguay , 
 
 Venezuela 
 
 Germany , 
 
 Austria 
 
 Belgium 
 
 Spain 
 
 France , 
 
 Holland , 
 
 United Kingdom 
 
 Italy , 
 
 Sweden and Norway , 
 
 Switzerland , 
 
 British India 
 
 Japan 
 
 All other 
 
 Total 
 
 Free of duty. 
 
 , 895, 036 
 
 57, 904 
 
 50, 251 
 
 13 
 
 355 
 
 594, 359 
 
 269, 993 
 
 221, 972 
 
 29, 235 
 
 406 
 
 1,510 
 
 865, 651 
 
 737, 967 
 
 93 
 
 202, 603 
 
 4,390 
 
 4,732 
 
 81, 177 
 
 11,017,647 
 
 Dutiable. 
 
 Total value of 
 imports. 
 
 S23, 618, 401 
 
 218, 419 
 
 360, 530 
 
 623, 293 
 
 131,746 
 
 375, 633 
 
 1,381,956 
 
 521,323 
 
 1,771,282 
 
 2, 013, 536 
 
 4, 612, 828 
 
 257, 338 
 
 719, 853 
 
 8, 878, 234 
 
 3, 785, 769 
 
 323, 019 
 
 12, 292, 020 
 
 376, 529 
 
 313, 446 
 
 132, 385 
 
 227, 050 
 
 110,157 
 
 429, 376 
 
 63, 474, 123 
 
 $29,513,437' 
 
 218, 419 
 
 418, 434 
 
 673, 544 
 
 131, 759 
 
 375, 988 
 
 1,976,315 
 
 791, 316 
 
 1,771,282 
 
 2, 235, 508 
 
 4, 642, 063 
 
 267, 744 
 
 721,363 
 
 10, 743, 885 
 
 5, 523, 736 
 
 323, 112 
 
 12, 494, 623 
 
 380, 919 
 
 318, 178 
 
 132, 386 
 
 227, 050 
 
 110, 157 
 
 510, 563 
 
 74, 491, 770 
 
 Total duties 
 collected. 
 
 Total exports. 
 
 85, 749, 884 
 
 76, 199 
 
 49, 832 
 
 79, 096 
 
 31, 590 
 
 49, 032 
 
 264, 164 
 
 322, 805 
 
 739, 203 
 
 262, 246 
 
 1,232,841 
 
 80, 616 
 
 178, 117 
 
 3, 147, 519 
 
 1,112,184 
 
 75, 821 
 
 3, 422, 836 
 
 90,017 
 
 26, 278 
 
 24, 746 
 
 50, 080 
 
 49, 319 
 
 207, 664 
 
 17, 322, 079 
 
 78,198,193 
 
 234, 156 
 
 619, 807 
 
 273, 348 
 
 2,381 
 
 2,169 
 
 91, 437 
 
 31,862 
 
 96, 566 
 
 6,116 
 
 5, 144, 278 
 
 269, 345 
 
 99, 250 
 
 1, 180, 384 
 
 1,188,263 
 
 265, 907 
 
 5, 884, 835 
 
 43, 645 
 
 6,481 
 
 3,545 
 
 1,000 
 
 395 
 
 865, 572 
 
 94,398,824 
 
 The following tables give the figures of Cuban commerce with the 
 principal foreign countries for the calendar years 1894 and 1895 and 
 the calendar years 1900 to 1901, inclusive, as well as the imports, by 
 countries, into (3uba during 1900-1904 of the principal articles of 
 manufactures and food stuffs. As the reciprocity agreement with the 
 United States went into effect December 27, 1903, these figures, 
 especially those for the calendar j^ears 1903 and 1901, give some idea 
 of the effect of preferential tariff' treatment on the trade of Cuba with 
 this country and with the rest of the world. The years 1891 and 1895, 
 by reason of the large sugar crops, are regarded as "Cuba's years of 
 plenty." The year 1895 marks the beginning of the last war for 
 Cuban independence. 
 
 The figures for the years 1891 and 1895, as well as those for the years 
 1900-1903, inclusive, are based upon the published trade returns of 
 the Cuban Government, while the figures for the calendar year 1904 
 
LA FUERZA WATCHTOWER. 
 
HANDBUUK OF CUBA. 
 
 159 
 
 are provisional data received from the statistical office of tlxC Cuban 
 treasury department. Figures for the calendar year 1900 are taken 
 from the Monthly Summary of the Island of Cuba, as compiled by 
 the Division of Insular AflFairs, United States War Department. 
 Owing to the difference of classification followed by the Division of 
 Insular Affairs, the figures for 1900 are not exactly comparable with 
 those published by the statistical office of the Cuban treasury depart- 
 ment for later years, though in most cases the single items are the 
 same. All the figures given show the movement of merchandise 
 proper, exclusive of specie. 
 
 Summary of foreign trade of Cuba for the calendar years 1894, 1895, and 1900 to 1904, 
 
 inclusive. 
 
 [Merchandise only, exclusive of specie.] 
 
 Calendar year. 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Balance of 
 trade. 
 
 Total trade. 
 
 1894 
 1895 
 1900 
 1901 
 1902 
 1903 
 1904 
 
 176,571,800 
 55, 857, 600 
 66, 658, 600 
 66, 584, 000 
 60, 584, 800 
 63, 464, 500 
 77, 082, 100 
 
 $99, 456, 400 
 100, 456, 300 
 48,904,700 
 63, 278, 400 
 64, 329, 600 
 77, 260, 800 
 89, 012, 800 
 
 +$22, 884, 600 
 + 44,598,700 
 
 - 17,753,900 
 
 - 3, 305, 600 
 + 3, 744, 800 
 + 13,796,300 
 + 11,930,700 
 
 $176, 028, 200 
 156, 313, 900 
 115, 563, 300 
 129, 862, 400 
 124, 914, 400 
 140, 725, 300 
 166,094,900 
 
160 
 
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HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
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168 HANDBOOK OB^ CUBA. 
 
 CUSTOMS TARIFF. 
 PREFATORY NOTE. 
 
 During the temporary government of Cuba by the United States 
 authorities a customs tai'iff was arranged and put into operation, to 
 take the place of the previous Spanish-Cuban tariff of 1897. This 
 United States-Cuban tariff was first promulgated by President McKin- 
 ley on December 13, 1898, and in 1899 various changes and improve- 
 ments were wrought in the document, so that in its perfected form it 
 was finally promulgated by the same authority on March 31, 1900, and 
 went into force on June 15, 1900. 
 
 On resuming full control of their Republic in May, 1902, the Cubans 
 decided to continue the tariff of 1900 in force, and it is still the tariff' 
 law of Cuba. Various modifications and changes as to certain details, 
 however, have been made from time to time by the customs authori- 
 ties, all of which modifications are indicated in the footnotes in the 
 text of the tariff as published in the following pages. 
 
 In December, 1903, the new reciprocity convention between the 
 United States and Cuba went into effect. By the terms of this instru- 
 ment certain tariff rebates are granted b}^ each of the two nations to 
 the other. 
 
 In January, 1904, the Cuban Congress authorized and provided for 
 a general increase in the tai'iff rates, amounting to from 15 to 30 per 
 cent. President Palma, of Cuba, accordingly issued a proclamation 
 on February 1, 1904, decreeing the several increases as specified in 
 the new law to go into effect on February 5, 1904. The changes are 
 very numerous, and affect nearly all of the paragraphs of the tariff 
 existing at the date named. The increases are at the rates of 15, 20, 
 25, and 30 per cent. 
 
 The following compilation presents (1) the old tariff rates, accord- 
 ing to the Cuban tariff of 1900; (2) the present rates, according to the 
 increases effective February 5, 1904; and (3) the present rates to the 
 United States, as modified hj the reciprocity convention. 
 
 For convenient reference, two explanatory circulars of the Cuban 
 secretary of treasury and a list of the numbers of the paragraphs 
 and subdivisions of paragraphs affected by the tariff-rate increases 
 are also included in the compilation. 
 
 RECIPROCITY CONVENTION WITH THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 By the President of the United States of America. 
 
 A PROCLAMATION. 
 
 Whereas a convention between the United States of America and 
 the Republic of Cuba to facilitate their commercial intercourse by 
 improving the conditions of trade between the two countries was 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 169 
 
 concluded and signed by their respective plenipotentiaries at the city 
 of Habana on the eleventh day of December, 1902, the original of 
 which convention, being in the English and Spanish languages, is, 
 as amended by the Senate of the United States, word for word as 
 follows: 
 
 The President of the United States of America and the President of the Republic 
 of Cuba, animated by the desire to strengthen the bonds of friendship betwee^i the 
 two countries, and to facilitate their commercial intercourse 1iy improving the con- 
 ditions of trade between them, have resolved to enter into a convention for that 
 purpose, and have appointed their respective plenipotentiaries, to wit: 
 
 The President of the United States of America, the Honorable General Tasker H. 
 BHss; 
 
 The President of the Republic of Cuba, the Honorable Carlos de Zaldo y Beur- 
 mann, secretary of state and justice, and the Honorable Jose M. Garcia y Montes, 
 secretary of the treasury; 
 
 Who, after an exchange of their full powers found to be in good and due form, 
 have, in consideration of and in compensation for the respective concessions and 
 engagements made by each to the other as hereinafter recited, agreed, and do hereby 
 agree, upon the following articles for the regulation and government of their recip- 
 rocal trade, namely: 
 
 Article I. 
 
 During the term of this convention all articles of merchandise being the product of 
 the soil or industry of the United States which are now imported into the Republic 
 of Cuba free of duty, and all articles of merchandise being the product of -the soil or 
 industry of the Republic of Cuba which are now imported into the United States 
 free of duty, shall continue to be so admitted by the respective countries free of duty. 
 
 Article II. 
 
 During the term of this convention all articles of merchandise not included in the 
 foregoing Article I, and being the product of the soil or industry of the Republic of 
 Cuba imported into the United States, shall be admitted at a reduction of 20 per 
 centum of the rates of duty thereon as provided by the tariff act of the United States 
 approved July 24, 1897, or as may be provided by any tariff law of the United States 
 subsequently enacted. 
 
 Article III. 
 
 During the term of this convention all articles of merchandise not included in the 
 foregoing Article I and not hereinafter enumerated, being the product of the soil or 
 industry of the United States, imported into the Republic of Cuba shall be admitted 
 at a reduction of twenty per centum of the rates of duty thereon as now provided or 
 as may hereafter be provided in the customs tariff of said Republic of Cuba. 
 
 Article IV. 
 
 During the term of this convention the following articles of merchandise, as enu- 
 merated and described in the existing customs tariff of the Republic of Cuba, being 
 the product of the soil or industry of the United States imported into Cuba, shall be 
 admitted at the following respective reductions of the rates of duty thereon, as now 
 provided or as may hereafter be provided, in the customs tariff of the Republic of 
 Cuba: 
 
 Schedule A. — To be admitted at a reduction of twenty-five (25) per centum: 
 Machinery and apparatus of copper or its alloys, or machines and apparatus in which 
 copper or its alloys enter as the component of chief value; cast-iron, wrought iron, 
 
170 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 and steel, and manufactures thereof; articles of crystal and glass, except window 
 glass; ships and water borne vessels of all kinds of iron or steel; whiskies and bran- 
 dies; fish, salted, pickled, smoked, or marinated; fish or shellfish, preserved in oil 
 or otherwise in tins; articles of pottery or earthenware now classified under para- 
 graphs 21 and 22 of the customs tariff of the Republic of Cuba. 
 
 Schedule B. — To be admitted at a reduction of thirty (30) per centum: Butter; flour 
 of wheat; corn; flour of corn or corn meal; chemical and pharmaceutical products, 
 and simple drugs; malt liquors in bottles; nonalcoholic beverages; cider; mineral 
 waters; colors and dyes; window glass; complete or partly made up articles of hemp, 
 flax, pita, jute, henequen, ramie, and other vegetable fibers now classified under the 
 paragraphs of group 2, Class V, of the customs tariff of the Republic of Cuba; musi- 
 cal instruments; writing and printing paper, except for newspapers; cotton and 
 manufactures thereof, except knitted goods (see Schedule C); all articles of cutlery; 
 boots, shoes, and slippers, now classified under paragraphs 197 and 198 of the cus- 
 toms tariff of the Republic of Cuba; gold and silver plated ware, drawings, photo- 
 graphs, engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, oleographs, etc., printed from 
 stone, zinc, aluminum, or other material, used as labels, flaps, bands, and wrappers 
 for tobacco or other purposes, and all the other papers (except paper for cigarettes, 
 and excepting maps and charts), pasteboard and manufactures thereof, now classi- 
 fied under paragraphs 157 to 164, inclusive, of the customs tariff of the Republic of 
 Cuba; common or ordinary soaps, now classified under paragraph 105, letters "a" 
 and "5," of the customs tariff of the Republic of Cuba; vegetables, pickled or pre- 
 served in any manner; all wines, except those now classified under paragraph 279 
 (a) of the customs tariff of the Republic of Cuba. 
 
 Schedule C. — To be admitted at a reduction of forty (40) per centum: Manufactures 
 of cotton*, knitted, and all manufactures of cotton not included in the preceding 
 schedules; cheese; fruits, preserved; paper pulp; perfumery and essences; articles 
 of pottery and earthenware now classified under paragraph 20 of the customs tariff 
 of the Republic of Cuba; porcelain; soaps, other than common, now classified under 
 paragraph 105 of the customs tariff of the Republic of Cuba; umbrellas and parasols; 
 dextrine and glucose; watches; wool and manufactures thereof; silk and manufactures 
 thereof; rice; cattle. 
 
 . Article V. 
 
 It is understood and agreed that the laws and regulations adopted, or that may be 
 adopted, by the United States and by the Republic of Cuba, to protect their revenues 
 and prevent fraud in the declarations and proofs- that the articles of merchandise to 
 which this convention may apply are the product or manufacture of the United States 
 and the Republic of Cuba, respectively, shall not impose any additional charge or 
 fees therefor on the articles imported, excepting the consular fees established, or 
 which may be established, by either of the two countries for issuing shipping docu- 
 ments, which fees shall not be higher than those charged on the shipments of similar 
 merchandise from any other nation whatsoever. 
 
 Article VI. 
 
 It is agreed that the tobacco, in any form, of the United States or of any of its insu- 
 lar possessions shall not enjoy the benefit of any concession or rebate of duty when 
 imported into the Republic of Cuba. 
 
 Article VII. 
 
 It is agreed that similar articles of both countries shall receive equal treatment on 
 their importation into the ports of the United States and the Republic of Cuba, 
 respectively. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 171 
 
 Article VIII. 
 
 The rates of duty herein granted by the United States to the Republic of Cuba are 
 and shall continue during the term of this convention preferential in respect to all 
 hke imports from other countries, and in return for said preferential rates of duty 
 granted to the Republic of Cuba by the United States, it is agreed that the conces- 
 sion herein granted on the part of the said Republic of Cuba to the products of the 
 United States shall likewise be, and shall continue, during the term of this conven- n 
 
 tion, preferential in respect to all like imports from other countries: Provided, That A ijjlr*-*^ 
 while this convention is in force no sugar imported from the Republic of Cuba, and j , "Ta^ 
 being the product of the soil or industry of the Republic of Cuba, shall be admitted [ "'^ 
 into the United States at a reduction of duty greater than twenty per centum of the ) ^£,^7 *Y 
 rates of duty thereon as provided by the tariff act of the United States approved I i4|3~ 
 July 24, 1897; and no sugar, the product of any other foreign country, shall be jl^^Af*.'^ 
 admitted by treaty or convention into the United States, while this convention is in / ^^ 
 force, at a lower rate of duty than that i)rovided by the tariff act of the United States/ ^'''"^*^_^^ 
 approved July 24, 1897. ' "^-^ ^ 
 
 Article IX. 
 
 In order to maintain the mutual advantages granted in the present convention by 
 the United States to the Republic of Cuba and by the Republic of Cuba to the United 
 States, it is understood and agreed that any tax or charge that may be imposed by the 
 national or local authorities of either of the two countries upon the articles of mer- 
 chandise embraced in the provisions of this convention, subsequent to importation 
 and prior to their entering into consumption in the respective countries, shall be 
 imposed and collected without discrimination upon like articles whencesoever 
 imported. 
 
 Article X. 
 
 It is hereby understood and agreed that in case of changes in the tariff of either 
 country which deprive the other of the advantage which is represented by the 
 percentages herein agreed upon, on the actual rates of the tariffs now in force, the 
 country so deprived of this protection reserves the right to terminate its obligations 
 under this convention after six months' notice to the other of its intention to arrest 
 the operations thereof. 
 
 And it is further understood and agreed that if, at any time during the term of 
 this convention, after the expiration of the first year, the protection herein granted 
 to the products and manufactures of the United States on the basis of the actual 
 rates of the tariff of the Republic of Cuba now in force, should appear to the Gov- 
 ernment of the said Republic to be excessive in view of a new tariff law that may be 
 adopted by it after this convention becomes o]Derative, then the said Republic of 
 Cuba may reopen negotiations with a view to securing such modifications as may 
 appear proper to both contracting parties. 
 
 Article XL 
 
 The present convention shall be ratified by the appropriate authorities of the 
 respective countries, and the ratifications shall be exchanged at Washington, Dis- 
 trict of Columbia, United States of America, as soon as may be before the thirty-first 
 day of January, 1903, and the convention shall go into effect on the tenth day after 
 the exchange of ratifications, and shall continue in force for the term of five (5) 
 years from date of going into effect, and from year to year thereafter until the expi- 
 ration of one year from the day when either of the contracting parties shall give 
 notice to the other of its intention to terminate the same. 
 
 This convention shall not take effect until the same shall have been approved by 
 the Congress. 
 
 V 
 
 ^^ 
 
172 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 In witness whereof we, the respective plenipotentiaries, have signed the same in 
 duplicate, in English and Spanish, and have affixed our respective seals, at Habana, 
 Cuba, this eleventh day of December, in the year one thousand nine hundred and two. 
 
 Tasker H. Bliss. [seal.] 
 
 Carlos de Zaldo. [seal.] 
 
 Jose M. Garcia Montes. [seal.] 
 
 And whereas by the terms of the said convention it is provided that 
 the ratifications thereof should be exchanged at the city of Washing- 
 ton as soon as may be before the thirty-first day of January, 1903, 
 which period was, by a supplementary convention signed by the respec- 
 tive plenipotentiaries of the two countries on January 26, 1903, 
 extended to the thirtj^-first day of March, 1903; 
 
 And whereas the said convention of December 11, 1902, as amended 
 by the Senate of the United States, and the said supplementary con- 
 vention of January 26, 1903, ha^e been duly ratified on both parts 
 and the ratifications of the two Governments were exchanged in the 
 city of Washington on the thirty-first day of March, 1903; 
 
 And whereas by its resolution of March 19, 1903, the Senate of the 
 United States added at the end of Article XI of the said convention of 
 December 11, 1902, the following amendment: 
 
 This convention shall not take effect until the same shall have been approved by 
 the Congress; 
 
 And whereas the Congress gave its approval to the said convention 
 by an act approved December 17, 1903, entitled "An act to carr}^ into 
 effect a convention between the United States and the Kepublic of 
 Cuba, signed on the eleventh day of December, in the year nineteen i 
 hundred and two," which act is word for word as follows: 
 
 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America 
 in Congress assembled, That whenever the President of the United States shall receive 
 satisfactory evidence that the Republic of Cuba has made provision to give full effect 
 to the articles of the convention between the United States and the Republic of Cuba, 
 signed on the eleventh day of December, in the year nineteen hundred and two, he . j 
 is hereby authorized to issue his proclamation declaring that he has received such • 
 evidence, and thereupon on the tenth day after exchange of ratifications of such i 
 convention between the United States and the Republic of Cuba, and so long as the 
 said convention shall remain in force, all articles of merchandise being the product ; 
 of the soil or industry of the Republic of Cuba, which are now imported into the ; , 
 United States free of duty, shall contimle to be so admitted free of duty, and all | 
 other articles of merchandise being the product of the soil or industry of the Republic I 
 of Cuba imported into the United States shall be admitted at a reduction of twenty I 
 per centum of the rates of duty thereon, as provided by the tariff act of the United | 
 States approved July twenty-fourth, eighteen hundred and ninety-seven, or as may j 
 be provided by any tariff law of the United States subsequently enacted. The rates ' 
 of duty herein granted by the United States to the Republic of Cuba are and shall j 
 continue during the term of said convention preferential in respect to all like imports J 
 from other countries: Provided, That while said convention is in force no sugar j 
 imported from the Republic of Cuba, and being the product of the soil or industry 
 of the Republic of Cuba, shall . be admitted into the United States at a reduction of 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. ' 173 
 
 duty greater than twenty per centum of the rates of duty thereon, as provided by 
 the tariff act of the United States approved July twenty-fourth, eighteen hundred 
 and ninety-seven; and no sugar the product of any other foreign country shall be 
 admitted by treaty or convention into the United States while this convention is in 
 force at a lower rate of duty than that provided by the tariff act of the United States 
 approved July twenty -fourth, eighteen hundred and ninety-seven: And provided 
 further, That nothing herein contained shall be held or construed as an admission on 
 the part of the House of Representatives that customs duties can be changed other- 
 wise than by an act of Congress, originating in said House. 
 
 Sec. 2. That so long as said convention shall remain in force, the laws and regulations 
 adopted, or that may be adopted by the United States to protect the revenues and 
 prevent fraud in the declarations and proofs, that the articles of merchandise to 
 which said convention may apply are the product or manufacture of th'e Eepublic of 
 Cuba, shall not impose any additional charge of fees therefor on the articles imported, 
 excepting the consular fees established, or which may be established, by the United 
 States for issuing shipping documents, which fees shall not be higher than those 
 charged on the shipments of similar merchandise from any other nation whatsoever; 
 that articles of the Republic of Cuba shall receive, on their importation into the 
 ports of the United States, treatment equal to that which similar articles of the 
 United States shall receive on their importation into the ports of the Republic of 
 Cuba; that any tax or charge that may be imposed by the national or local authori- 
 ties of the United States upon the articles of merchandise of the Republic of Cuba, 
 embraced in the provisions of said convention, subsequent to importation and prior 
 to their entering into consumption into the United States, shall be imposed and 
 collected without discrimination upon like articles whencesoever imported. 
 
 And whereas satisfactory evidence has been received by the Presi- 
 dent of the United States that the Republic of Cuba has made provision 
 to give full effect to the articles of the said convention: 
 
 Now, therefore, be it known that I, Theodore Roosevelt, Presi- 
 dent of the United States of America, in conformity with the said act 
 of Congress, do hereby declare and proclaim the said convention, as 
 amended by the Senate of the United States, to be in effect on the 
 tenth day from the date of this my proclamation. 
 
 Wherefore I have caused the said convention, as amended by the 
 Senate of the United States, to be made public to the end that the 
 same and every clause thereof, as amended, may be observed and 
 fulfilled with good faith hy the United States and the citizens thereof. 
 
 In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the 
 seal of the United States of America to be affixed. 
 
 Done at the city of Washington, this ITth day of December, in the 
 year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and three, and of the 
 Independence of the United States the one hundred and twenty-eighth. 
 
 [seal.] Theodore Roosevelt. 
 
 By the President: 
 
 John Hat, Secretary of State. 
 
174 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 CIRCULARS OF THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT OF CUBA RELATING TO 
 RECIPROCITY CONVENTION. 
 
 [Translation.] 
 
 The following" circulars explain the Cuban interpretation and admin- 
 istration of the reciprocity convention with the United States: 
 
 Extract from Circular No. 177 of Decemher 19, 1903. 
 
 Treaty will take effect beginning with the 27th instant (December, 
 1903). 
 
 Invoices of goods imported must have added to the declaration now 
 made by manufacturer or producer in the United States, in which he 
 states that the prices and other particulars of the invoice are exact, 
 "that the articles contained in said invoice are products of the soil or 
 industry of the United States." The treaty must be enforced to the 
 letter, and cases of doubt arising must be immediately reported to this 
 Department, which will give preferential attention thereto. For 
 general information, to the end that doubt may be avoided as far as 
 possible, some of the clauses of the treaty having already been sub- 
 ject of inquiry, the following remarks are made: 
 
 It will be observed that all of group 5 of schedule 1, assessing 
 crystal and glass ware, enjo3^s in virtue of article 4, in Schedule A, 
 advantage of 25 per cent. Tariff No. 12 (5) of said group classifies 
 window glass or other articles. This window glass is excepted from 
 said 25 per cent advantage, and enjoys instead 30 per cent, being 
 included in Schedule B of said article. In this tariff number it should 
 be understood that only window glass enjoys 30 per cent advantage; 
 other glass than window glass, classified together with window glass, 
 enjoys only the general 25 per cent of group 5 of schedule 1, and 
 importers should be made to take oath that it is for windows. Under 
 Schedule C of said article 4 porcelains enjoy 40 per cent advantage. 
 Articles of this material are specially classified under tariff number 
 23, but porcelain articles classified 24 also enjoy the 40 per cent 
 advantage. All other articles comprised under tariff number 24 enjoy 
 the 20 per cent advantage of article 3 of treaty. 
 
 Groups 2 and 3 of schedule 2, classifying cast iron, wrought iron, and 
 steel, enjoy 25 per cent fixed by Schedule A of article 4, excepting 
 cutlery, which enjo3"S the 30 per cent advantage granted in Schedule B 
 of the same article. 
 
 All the articles included in schedule 4 of the tariff, cotton and man- 
 ufactures thereof, which are specially mentioned, enjoy the 30 per 
 cent advantage granted by Schedule B of article 4 of the treaty, with 
 the single exception of knitted goods classified under tariff number 
 122 in letters r/, J, c, and d, which enjoy the 40 per cent advantage 
 granted by Schedule C of the said article. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 175 
 
 Manufactures of wool classified under numbers 144, 145, 146, and 
 147 enjoy the 40 per cent advantage established in Schedule C of the 
 treaty. Other articles classified under these numbers not of wool 
 shall enjoy only the 20 per cent of article 3 of the treaty. 
 
 Printing" paper, other than for newspapers, enjoys the 30 per cent 
 granted by Schedule B of article 4. Paper classified under tariff num- 
 ber 152 enjoys only the 20 per cent granted by article 3 of the treaty. 
 Number 154 enjo3'^s the advantage of 30 per cent granted by Schedule 
 B, blank books and paper envelopes classified under this number being- 
 included in this advantage. 
 
 Cattle are the only live stock that shall enjoy the 40 per cent granted 
 by Schedule C of article 4 of the treaty; all other kinds shall enjoy 
 the 20 per cent of article 3. 
 
 Machinery of number 22 enjoys the 25 per cent advantage granted 
 by Schedule A of article 4; and other machinery classified by the 
 tariff numbers of schedule 11, when copper or alloys thereof predom- 
 inate in said other machinery as the component parts of greatest value, 
 also enjoys the 25 per cent advantage, but when in the machinery clas- 
 sified by other paragraphs of the group in question copper does not 
 predominate as component part of greatest value, it shall enjoy only 
 the 20 per cent advantage provided by article 3 of the treaty. 
 
 Butter and oleomargarine are classed under tariff' number 244. It 
 should be borne in mind that butter alone enjoys the 30 per cent 
 advantage, oleomargarine "or butter mixed with oleomargarine enjo}^- 
 ing only the 20 per cent concession of article 3. 
 
 Only merchandise reaching the island of Cuba after the time at 
 which the treaty takes effect, or, that is, after 12 o'clock on the night 
 of the 26th instant, shall enjoy the benefits of the treaty. 
 
 Circular No. 3^5 of Jcmuary 19, 1905. 
 
 To the collector of the port of : 
 
 For your information and action, I have the honor to inform you 
 that, acting upon a complaint presented to the collector of the port of 
 Habana, this department, upon consultation with the secretary of 
 state, has rendered the following decision: 
 
 I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of December 
 10 last, inclosing the application of Messrs. Galban & Co. , claiming the benefit of the 
 reciprocity treaty for an importation of roasted coffee, which benefit has been denied 
 by this department. 
 
 In reply, this department informs you that it can ifot accede to that claim. 
 Whenever this department in agreement with the department of state and justice, 
 understands that any merchandise is manufactured or finished in the United States 
 from raw materials imported from Other countries, it considers only those products 
 as the products of the industries of the United States within the meaning of the 
 reciprocity treaty of December 11, 1903, which have undergone in the course of 
 manufacture in the Uuited States a transformation which changes their nature, 
 making of them an entirely different and distinct product; as, for instance, lumber 
 changed into furniture; silk or wool, into cloth; salts, into drugs, etc. This does 
 
176 • HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 not apply in cases like the present, when the product in question has gone through 
 a certain process which does not change its essential nature nor the use for which it 
 is destined. 
 
 CHANGES IN CUBAN TARIFF RATES. 
 
 [In effect February 5, 1904.] 
 
 FIFTEEN PER CENT INCREASE. 
 
 The following tariff numbers are affected by the 15 per cent increase: 
 128, 132 to 142 (inclusive), 145 to 150 (inclusive). 
 
 TWENTY PER CENT INCREASE. 
 
 The following tariff numbers are affected by the 20 per cent increase: 
 114 to 126 (inclusive), 127 (in part), 242, 253. 
 
 TWENTY-FIVE PER CENT INCREASE. 
 
 The following tariff numbers are affected by the 25 per cient increase: 
 1 (in part, viz, letters 5, <?, c?), 2 to 5 (inclusive), 6 (in part), 7 (in part), 
 8, 9, 25 to 29 (inclusive), 59 to 72 (inclusive), 73 (except letter c), 74, 
 89, 90, 101«, 1015, 102«, 129, 131, 143J, 152 to 154 (inclusive), 166, 167, 
 168a, 170 to 177 (inclusive), 179 and 180 (in part), 181 to 183 (inclu- 
 sive), 185 to 196 (inclusive), 199 to 202 (inclusive), 204 to 206 (inclu- 
 sive), 212 to 214 (inclusive), 217.to 235 (inclusive), 266 to 268 (inclusive), 
 273, 274 (letters a and J), 281 to 285 (inclusive), 294. 
 
 THIRTY PER CENT INCREASE. 
 
 The following tariff numbers are affected by the 30 per cent increase: 
 10 (in part), 11 to 17 (inclusive), 19 to 24 (inclusive), 30, 32 to 34 
 (inclusive), 36, 37 (except letter c), 38 to 58 (inclusive), 77, 785, 78c, 79 
 to 81 (inclusive), 82 (in part), 83, 91 (in part), 96, 97, 98 (in part), 
 99, 100, 103 (in part), 104 to 106 (inclusive), 108 (in part), 109 to 111 
 (inclusive), 112 (in part), 113 (in part), 155 to 160 (inclusive), 161 (in 
 part), 162 to 164 (inclusive), 184, 197, 198, 207 to 211 (inclusive), 236 
 to 241 (inclusive), 243 to 252 (inclusive), 255 (except letter c), 256 to 
 262 (inclusive), 264, 265, 269 (in part), 270 to 272 (inclusive), 275, 276, 
 280, 286 to 292 (inclusive), 295 to 306 (inclusive), 308 to 316 (inclusive). 
 
 REGULATIONS FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE TARIFF. 
 
 Disposition First. 
 
 Customs Treatment of Tissues. « 
 
 general rules. 
 
 1. Numhev of threads. — By the number of threads in a tissue shall, 
 unless otherwise stipiflated, be meant one-half of all the threads com- 
 prised in the warp and weft in a square of 6 millimeters. Should this 
 
 « The warp of tissues is to be considered as the totality of the threads which lie in 
 the longitudinal sense, whether they form the foundation of the same or whether 
 they have been added in order to form patterns or to give the stuff more body. The 
 weft shall be considered the totality of the threads which cross the warp of the tissue 
 and combine the same conditions of helping to form patterns or to add to the tody 
 of the stuff. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 177 
 
 half contain a fraction, the fraction shall be counted as an entire 
 thread. 
 
 2. Ascertainment of the nuruher of threads. — In order to determine, 
 for customs treatment of tissues, the number of threads and the pro- 
 portion in which the threads subject to the highest duty are found in the 
 tissue, the instrument known as "thread counter" shall be employed. 
 
 Should there be doubt as to the ascertainment of the number of 
 threads in a tissue, owing to the tissue being closer woven in some 
 parts than in others, the closest- woven part and the loosest-woven part 
 shall be taken, and the average threads resulting from the two shall 
 serve as a basis for levying duty. 
 
 When the nature of the tissue permits it, the thread shall always be 
 counted on the obverse side of the stuff. 
 
 In all woolly or melton-like tissues, and generally in all tissues in 
 which the hair has been removed by carding or fulling, the threads 
 shall be counted on the reverse side of the stuff by rasping or burning 
 the hair when necessary. 
 
 In exceptional cases, where after these operations the ascertainment 
 of the number of threads remains doubtful, a sufficient part of the 
 tissue must be unraveled. 
 
 Should this likewise be impossible, as, for instance, in case of ready- 
 made articles, the tissue shall be subject to the highest dut}" of the 
 group to which it belongs; and should the tissue be mixed, it shall be 
 dutiable according to the class in which the highest-taxed material 
 entering into the mixture is comprised. 
 
 CUSTOMS TREATMENT OF MIXED TISSUES. 
 
 3. Admixtures of two materials. — Tissues of all kinds composed of 
 two materials shall be dutiable as follows: 
 
 {a) Cotton tissues containing threads of hemp, jute, linen, ramie, or 
 other vegetable fiber shall be dutiable according to the corresponding 
 numbers of group 2, Class IV, with the surtaxes established in each 
 case,'^ provided that the number of these threads of hemp, jute, linen, 
 ramie, or other vegetable fibers, counted in the warp and weft, does 
 not exceed one-fifth of the total number of threads composing the tissue. 
 
 When the number of threads of hemp, jute, linen, ramie, etc., ex- 
 ceeds one-fifth of the total, the tissues shall be subject to the corre- 
 sponding duties of Class V. 
 
 (5) Cotton tissues containing threads of wool, flock wool, hair, or 
 wastes of these materials shall be dutiable according to the correspond- 
 ing numbers of group 2, Class IV, with the surtaxes established in each 
 case,^ provided that the number of threads of wool, flock wool, hair, 
 or their wastes, counted in the warp and weft, does not exceed one- 
 fifth of the total number of threads composing the tissue. 
 
 « Class IV, group 2, Note 1. 
 159a— 05 12 
 
178 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 When the number of threads of wool, flock wool, hair, or their 
 wastes exceeds one-fifth of the total, the tissues shall be subject to the 
 corresponding duties of Class Yl, as tissues mixed with wool. 
 
 ((?) Cotton tissues containing threads of silk or floss silk shall be 
 dutiable according to the corresponding numbers of group 2, Class IV, 
 with the surtaxes established in each case,'^ provided that the number 
 of silk or floss-silk threads, counted in the warp and weft, does not 
 exceed one-fifth of the total number of threads composing the tissue. 
 
 When the number of threads of silk or floss silk exceeds one-fifth of 
 the total, the tissues shall be subject to the corresponding duties of 
 Class VII. 
 
 {d) Tissues of hemp, jute, linen, ramie, or other vegetable fibers, 
 containing threads of wool, flock wool, hair, or their wastes, shall be 
 dutiable according to the corresponding numbers of group 2, Class V, 
 with the surtaxes established in each case,* provided that the number 
 of these threads of wool, flock wool, hair, or their wastes, counted in 
 the warp and weft, does not exceed one-fifth of the total number of 
 threads composing the tissue. 
 
 When the number of threads of wool, flock wool, hair, or their 
 wastes exceeds one-fifth of the total, the tissues shall be subject to the 
 corresponding duties of group 2, Class VI, as tissues mixed with wool. 
 
 {e) Tissues of hemp, jute, linen, ramie, or other vegetable fibers, 
 containing threads of silk or floss silk, shall be dutiable according to 
 the corresponding numbers of group 2, Class V, with the surtaxes 
 established in each case,* provided that the number of these threads 
 of silk or floss silk, counted in the warp and weft, does not exceed 
 one-fifth of the total number of threads composing the tissue. 
 
 When the number of silk or floss-silk threads exceeds one-fifth of 
 the total, the tissue shall be subject to the corresponding duties of 
 Class VII. 
 
 if) When the number of silk or floss-silk threads exceeds one-fifth 
 of the total, the tissues shall be subject to the corresponding duties of 
 Class VII. 
 
 4. Admixtures of more than tmo materials. — Tissues composed of 
 more than two materials shall be dutiable as follows: 
 
 When the number of silk or floss-silk threads exceeds one-fifth of 
 the total, the tissues shall be subject to the corresponding duties of 
 Class VII. 
 
 {a) Tissues containing an admixture of cotton and other vegetable 
 fibers, and at the same time threads of silk or floss silk, shall be sub- 
 ject to the corresponding duties of Class V and assimilated to tissues 
 of jute, hemp, etc., whatever be the proportion of the cotton threads; 
 they shall, in addition, be liable to the surtax leviable on the silk or 
 floss-silk 'threads, provided that the number of these threads, counted 
 
 « Class IV, group 2, Note I. & Class V, group 2, Note I. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 179 
 
 in warp and weft, does not exceed one-fifth of the total number of 
 threads composing the tissue. 
 
 When the number of silk or floss-silk threads exceeds one-fifth of 
 the total, the tissues shall be subject to the corresponding duties of 
 Class VII. 
 
 (5) Tissues of an admixture of wool, cotton, and other vegetable 
 fibers, containing no silk threads, shall be subject to the correspond- 
 ing duties of Class V and shall, in addition, be liable to the surtax levi- 
 able on woolen threads, provided that the number of these thread3, 
 counted in warp and weft, does not exceed one-fifth of the total num- 
 ber of threads composing the tissue. 
 
 When the number of woolen threads exceeds one-fifth of the total, 
 the tissues shall be subject to the corresponding duties of- Class VI 
 as mixed woolen tissues. 
 
 5. Silk tissues. — All tissues containing silk or floss-silk threads, the 
 number of which, counted in warp and weft, exceeds one-fifth without 
 being more than one-half of the total number of threads composing 
 the tissue, shall be considered as tissues mixed with silk. 
 
 When the number of silk or floss-silk threads, counted in warp and 
 weft, exceeds one-half of the total, the tissues shall be considered and 
 dutiable as of pure silk. 
 
 EXCEPTIONS. 
 
 For knitted stuflfs, tulles, lace, blondes, tulles for borders, and rib- 
 bons, composed of an. admixture, exception to the preceding rules 
 shall be made in the following cases: 
 
 6. Knitted and netted stujfs.^KW kinds of knitted Stuffs and tulles, 
 lace, blondes, and tulles of all kinds for borders, when mixed, shall 
 be dutiable according to the corresponding numbers of the class com- 
 prising the threads of the highest taxed material, whatever be the 
 proportion of such threads in the tissue. 
 
 Knitted stuffs, lace, blondes, and tulles for borders, comprised in 
 Class VII, shall be considered as tissues mixed with silk when they 
 contain threads of cotton or other vegetable fibers, or of wool or flock 
 wool, whatever be the proportion of such threads in the mixture. 
 
 Tulles less than 15 centimeters in width shall be considered as tulles 
 for borders. 
 
 7. Bilybons. — Ribbons and galloons mixed with cotton and other 
 vegetable fibers or with vegetable fibers and wool, containing no silk, 
 shall be subject to the corresponding duties of the class comprising 
 the highest taxed threads. 
 
 Ribbons or galloons containing silk, in whatever proportion, shall 
 be dutiable as tissues according to the corresponding numbers of Class 
 VII. When not exceeding 15 centimeters in width they shall be con- 
 sidered as mixed silk tissues, provided that the}^ contain in any pro- 
 portion threads of cotton or other vegetable fibers or of wool or flock 
 wool. 
 
180 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 8. Trimmings. — Trimmings shall be dutiable on the total weight, as 
 if exclusively composed of the apparent or visible textile material. 
 
 Trimmings composed on their apparent or visible part of various 
 textile materials shall be subject to the corresponding duties of the 
 class comprising the highest taxed material. When the predominating 
 component material consists of metallic threads of an}^ kind, the trim- 
 mings shall be dutiable according to Class VII plus the surtax leviable 
 on the metal. 
 
 Trimmings are distinguished from ribbons and galloons by the lat- 
 ter being real tissues, with warp and weft, while trimmings are plaited. 
 
 SURTAXES. 
 
 9. Establishment of surtaxes. — The surtaxes applicable, owing to 
 broche, embroidery, metal threads, or making up, shall always be 
 computed on the duties leviable on the tissue by taking into account, 
 if necessary, the increase of such duties in case of admixture. 
 
 For the collection of the total duty, the surtaxes aJDplicable for 
 either of the above-mentioned reasons must, when necessary, be added 
 together. 
 
 10. Broches. — Tissues, broches, or woven like brocades with silk or 
 floss silk, shall be liable to the duties leviable thereon plus the sur- 
 taxes established in every case." 
 
 By broche or brocaded tissues are meant all tissues with flowers or 
 other ornaments applied by means of the small shuttle called " espolin'^'^ 
 in such manner that the threads do not occupy the entire width of the 
 stuff, but only the space comprising the flower or pattern. 
 
 11. Enibroidery . — Tissues embroidered by hand or by machine after 
 weaving or with application of trimmings shall be liable to the duties 
 leviable thereon plus the surtaxes established in every case,^ by taking 
 into account whether the embroidery contains metallic threads or not. 
 
 Embroidery is distinguished from patterns woven in the tissue, as 
 the latter are destroyed by unraveling the weft of the tissue, while 
 embroidery is independent of the warp and weft and can not be 
 unraveled. 
 
 12. Metallic threads. — Tissues and trimmings containing metallic 
 threads, in whatever proportion, shall be liable to the duties leviable 
 thereon plus the surtaxes established in every case.^ 
 
 Tissues exclusively composed of metallic threads shall be dutiable 
 according to Class VII plus the surtax leviable on the metal. 
 
 13. Made-up articles. — Tissues manufactured into articles of all 
 kinds shall be liable to the duties leviable thereon plus the surtaxes 
 established in ever}^ case.^ 
 
 « Classes IV and V, group 2, Note II, letter a. 
 &Ibid., letter h. 
 ^Ibid., letter c. 
 <^ Ibid., letter d. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 181 
 
 Ready-made clothing-, wearing- apparel of all kinds and of any style, 
 and, generally, all articles made up by the seamstress or tailor, shall, 
 for their total weight, be liable to the duties leviable on the principal 
 component tissue on their most visible exterior part. 
 
 For the application of the corresponding surtaxes, clothing and 
 articles, half finished or basted, shall be considered as made-up articles 
 and clothing. 
 
 Disposition Second. 
 
 Rules Applicable to Goods not Specially Mentioned and to Articles Com- 
 posed OF Several Materials. 
 
 1. Articles not enumerated in the tariff shall, for the application of 
 duty, be assimilated to those which they most closely resemble. 
 
 When an article presented for customs clearance is not mentioned 
 in a number of the tariff or in the reportory, and when doubts arise as 
 to its assimilation to articles specified in the tariff, the interested party 
 or the importer may request the customs authorities to indicate the 
 number according to which such article is to be dutiable. 
 
 In such case the clearance shall be effected according- to the number 
 so indicated. 
 
 2. Articles which, by their nature or application, are composed of 
 two or more materials or of different parts * shall, for the total weight, 
 be taxed according to the material chiefly determining the value of the 
 article. 
 
 3. In case of doubt as to which is the material chiefl}^ determining 
 the value of an article, such article shall be dutiable according to the 
 most highly taxed component material. 
 
 4. When the mixture of different materials has been made with a 
 view of evading the pa3^ment of the duties of any specified number of 
 the tariff, the duties leviable on the article subject to the highest duty 
 shall always be collected. 
 
 Disposition Third. 
 
 Regulations to be Applied in Levying Duty on Packages and Receptacles — 
 
 Tares. 
 
 1. Packages and receptacles capable of again being used to contain 
 goods or for other purposes shall be dutiable according to the corre- 
 sponding number of the tariff, unless in case of goods dutiable on gross 
 weight without tare, for which it is expressly provided that the weight 
 of packages or receptacles shall, for tariff purposes, be included in the 
 weight of the goods. 
 
 2. Packages and receptacles liable to higher duties than those estab- 
 lished for their contents shall alwaj^s be dutiable according to the 
 number of the tariff to which they belong. 
 
 « As, for instance, the handle of an implement and the implement itself; the glass 
 and frame of a mirror. 
 
182 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 3. The following- articles shall pay on gross weight, including pack- 
 ages and receptacles: 
 
 Included in Class I: 
 Marble, jasper, and alabaster, in the rough or cut into flat blocks, slabs, or steps. 
 Other natural or artificial stone, unwrought and in flat blocks, slabs, or steps. 
 Earthy substances employed in industry or in the arts; cement, lime, and gypsum. 
 Mineral pitch and tar; asphalts, bitumens, and schists. 
 Mineral oils of all kinds. 
 Ores. 
 
 Clay in coarse articles for building purposes, furnaces, etc. ; also articles of fire clay. 
 Large or small paving tiles of earthenware, ^cement, or stoneware, ceramic tiles, glazed 
 
 roofing tiles, and pipes. 
 
 Included in Class II: 
 All articles of cast iron, wrought iron, or steel set forth in groups 2 and 3 of Class II 
 
 (excepting those comprised in Nos. 33, 34, 41, 45, 47 (letters a and b), 48, 49, 50, 
 
 51, 52, 53, 54 (letters a, b, and c), 55 (letters a and b), 56, 57, and 58). 
 Copper shavings; copper of first fusion and old copper, brass, etc. 
 Copper, brass, bronze, and other alloys of common metals in -svhich copper enters; 
 
 in ingots, bars, plates, pipes, railway chairs, sheets for stoves and boiler makers' 
 
 work, partly wrought. 
 Mercury. 
 Nickel, aluminum, tin, zinc, lead, or other metals not specially mentioned; also all 
 
 alloys of such metals, in pigs, ingots, bars, plates, pipes, or Avire. 
 Filings, shavings, scrap iron or steel, and other waste of common metals. 
 Scorise. 
 
 Included in Class III: 
 Oleaginous seeds, including copra or cocoanut. 
 Eesins (except turpentine) and gums comprised in No. 78. 
 Extracts in licorice, camphor, aloes, and other like vegetable juices. 
 Tan bark. 
 Opium. 
 
 Vegetable and animal products enumerated in Nos. 82 and 83. 
 Natural colors in powder or in lumps. 
 Natural dyes. 
 Varnish. 
 Blacking. 
 Chemical products enumerated in Nos. 91 (excepting phosphorus), 92, 93, 94, 95, and 
 
 96 (letter «). 
 Vegetable oils mentioned in No. 101. 
 Crude vegetable oils and animal fats. 
 Wax, unmanufactured, and parafiin in the mass. 
 Fertilizers. 
 
 Glue, albumen, and gelatin. 
 Carbons for electric lighting. 
 
 Included in Classes IV, V, VI, and VII: 
 Textile materials of all kinds, neither spun nor twisted. 
 
 Included in Class VIII: 
 Paper pulp. 
 
 Included in Class IX: 
 Staves. 
 Ordinary wood in boards, beams, etc.; wood, planed or dovetailed, for cases and 
 
 flooring. 
 Fine wood for cabinetmakers, in boards, deals, trunks, or logs. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 188 
 
 Casks or shocks, and wood prepared for the maiiiifacture of hogsheads, tierces, and 
 
 barrels. 
 Lattice or fencing wood. 
 
 Charcoal, firewood, and other vegetable combustibles. 
 Cork, in the rough or in sheets. 
 Dill, vegetable hair, cane, osiers, fine straw, palm, heather, and esparto, raw. 
 
 Included in Class X: 
 Animal remains. 
 
 Included in Class XII: 
 Jerked meat ( ' ' tasajo " ) . 
 
 Oysters X)f all kinds and shellfish, fresh or dried. 
 Rice. 
 
 Wheat and other cereals. 
 Flour of all kinds. 
 Pulse, dried. 
 
 Pot herbs and garden produce, fresh. 
 Carob beans, and seeds noc specially mentioned. 
 Forage and bran. 
 
 Included in Class XIII: 
 Sand-covered tarpaulins for vans; felt and tow, tarred or coated with pitch. 
 
 4. The undermentioned goods, if contained in a single package or 
 receptacle, shall likewise be dutiable on gross weight, including weight 
 of package or receptacle, and with no reduction for tare. 
 
 When packed in two or more receptacles, such goods shall be weighed 
 therewith, and the following allowances shall be made for tare: 
 
 Included in Class III: Tare— per cent. 
 
 Natural colors, prepared 17 
 
 Colors and dyes, artificial, in powder, lumps, or crystals 10 
 
 The same, prepared 17 
 
 Varnish 15 
 
 Chemical products not specified ( No. 98) 12 
 
 Soap 6 
 
 Starch and feculse for industrial uses; dextrin and glucose 10 
 
 Gunpowder, explosive compounds, and miners' fuses (No. Ill, letter a) 10 
 
 Included in Class XII: _ 
 Olive oil and cotton-seed oil 10 
 
 5. The following goods shall be dutiable on gross weight, including 
 weight of all packages or receptacles, and ahall be allowed the under- 
 mentioned tares: 
 
 Included in Class I: Tare— per cent. 
 
 Marble, jasper, and alabaster, wrought into the articles mentioned in No. 1 
 
 (letters c and d) 20 
 
 All other natural stones, also artificial stones wrought into the articles classed 
 
 under No. 2 (letter 6) 12 
 
 Articles of gypsum, in cases or barrels 30 
 
 Articles of gypsum, in hampers or otherwise packed 16 
 
 Hollow glass and crystal ware of all kinds (excepting ordinary bottles) : 
 
 In cases or barrels 30 
 
 In crates, baskets, hampers, or otherwise packed 20 
 
 Ordinary bottles : 
 
 In cases or barrels 20 
 
 In crates or otherwise packed 15 
 
184 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Flat glass and crystal of all kinds: Tare— per cent. 
 
 In single cases - - 25- 
 
 In double wooden cases - - 30 
 
 In any other package - - - — 20 
 
 Glass and crystal in fancy articles, etc. : 
 
 In a single receptacle - - - - 35 
 
 In two or more receptacles - 40 
 
 Earthenware or stoneware; faience and porcelain: 
 
 In cases or barrels - - - 30 
 
 In hampers or otherwise packed - 16 
 
 Included in Class II: 
 Koughly manufactured articles comprised in Nos. 33, 41, 45, 47 (letter b), 48, 
 49, 54 (letter c), 56, 57, 63 (letters a and b), 64, 65 (letter a) , 67 (letter b), 69: 
 
 In cases or barrels - - 13 
 
 In hampers - 7 
 
 In other packages or in bales 5 
 
 Finely manufactured articles comprised in Nos. 34, 47 (letter o), 50, 53, 58, 63 
 (letter c), 65 (letter 6), 67 (letter a), 68, 70, 72 (letter c), 73 (letter c), 73 
 (letter d), and 74 (letters c, d, e, or/): 
 
 In cases or barrels - 18 
 
 In hampers 12 
 
 In other packages or bales - 6 
 
 Included in Class III: 
 
 Spirits of turpentine 18 
 
 Phosphorus : 
 
 In tin-plate receptacles 25 
 
 In cases or otherwise packed - 35 
 
 Pharmaceutical products comprised in Nos. 96 (letter />), 99, and 100 20 
 
 Wax and other articles comprised in No. 104 14 
 
 Perfumery and essences i 20 
 
 Included in Class VIII: 
 Paper of all kinds: 
 
 In cases 10 
 
 In other packages or in bales 3 
 
 Included in Class IX: , 
 
 Fine wood, sawn in veneers 6 
 
 Ordinary wood, wrought, curved wood, wrought, and rods, and articles com- 
 prised in Nos. 171, 173, and 175 (letter a): 
 
 In cases ^ 20 
 
 In crates or otherwise packed 10 
 
 Fine wood, wrought, comprised in Nos. 172, 174, and 175 (letter b): 
 
 In cases 30 
 
 In other packages 10 
 
 Cork, manufactured: 
 
 In cases 10 
 
 In other packages or in bales ., 5 
 
 Furniture of osiers or other wickerwork comprised in No. 180: 
 
 In cases 35 
 
 In other packages or in bales 10 
 
 Included in Class X: 
 
 Saddlers and harness-makers' wares; feathers, except for ornament, and feather 
 dusters: 
 
 In cases or barrels 15 
 
 In other packages or in bales 6 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 185 
 
 Gloves of skin, comprised in No. 196: Tare— per cent. 
 
 In cases or barrels 18 
 
 In other packages or in bales 8 
 
 Included in Class XII: 
 
 Poultry and small game 40 
 
 Meat in brine, including beef and pork, comprised in No. 237 20 
 
 Lard and other goods comprised in Nos. 238, 239, 240, 241 12 
 
 Other meat 12 
 
 Butter: 
 
 In ordinary boxes, tierces, cans, etc 12 
 
 In brine, or otherwise packed, with wooden, glass, or tin receptacles com- 
 bined, provided this does not exceed the actual tare 35 
 
 Salt cod and stockfish; herring, mackerel, and salmon: 
 
 In cases or barrels 10 
 
 In sacks 2 
 
 Cocoa: 
 
 In sacks .' 1 
 
 In double sacks 2 
 
 In ceroons 5 
 
 Ground, or in paste, in triple receptacles 25 
 
 Coffee: 
 
 In sacks 1 
 
 In double sacks • 2 
 
 In barrels, casks, etc 10 
 
 Cinnamon : 
 
 In cases or barrels 15 
 
 In bales 4 
 
 Cinnamon, Chinese {" cdnel07i"), and other sijices comprised in No. 283: 
 
 In cases or barrels 15 
 
 In sacks 1 
 
 In double sacks 2 
 
 Vanilla 12 
 
 Eggs ; 25 
 
 Common biscuits 8 
 
 Fine biscuits 1 14 
 
 Cheese 12 
 
 Included in Class XIII: 
 
 Cartridges with or without projectiles or bullets 10 
 
 Varnished cloth or oilcloth 12 
 
 Toys and games . . 25 
 
 Articles of caoutchouc : 20 
 
 Waterproof and caoutchouc tissues 10 
 
 GENEEAL PKOVISION FOR TAKE. 
 
 6. All goods not enumerated in the foregoing lists, or not included 
 in the above-mentioned cases, shall be dutiable on net weight or 
 according to the bases stipulated in the respective numbers of the 
 tariff; all packages or receptacles containing such goods shall be separ 
 rately liable to the duties set forth in the corresponding numbers of 
 the tariff. 
 
 7. Goods dutiable on gross weight, entitled or not to tare allowance, 
 shall always be taxed inclusive of the weight of all interior paper 
 wrappers, ribbons, envelopes, or packing. 
 
186 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 8. When an article entitled to tare allowance is imported in bulk, 
 or merely fastened by means of rope or hoops, or packed in paper, 
 straw, hsij, or the like, no tare shall be deducted. 
 
 9. Goods dutiable on net weight shall pay together with the weight 
 of the paper wrappers, ribbons, envelopes, or immediate receptacles 
 other than the boxes or cases. Needles, pins, pens, and other articles 
 comprised in Nos. 51, 52, and 68 shall be excepted from this rule, and 
 will be weighed together with the boxes if of cardboard. 
 
 Other boxes and cases, also boxes a.nd cases containing other articles, 
 shall be dutiable according to the number of the tariff to which they 
 belong. 
 
 Goods affixed to cardboard, cards, or wood shall be dutiable together 
 with the weight of such package. 
 
 Twisted yarn of all kinds shall be dutiable together with the weight 
 of the bobbins. 
 
 10.'* When in one container merchandises are imported which pay 
 by net weight with others which pay b}^ gross weight or b}^ unities or 
 by value, whether they have the same or different tares, said mer- 
 chandises will pay the duties that correspond to them by net or duti- 
 able weight, without any benefit of tare, and the exterior container 
 will be appraised by its total weight by the paragraph corresponding 
 to the material of which it is made. 
 
 11. Packages containing mineral w^aters shall be dutiable according 
 to the following rules: 
 
 Cases containing bottles shall be dutiable according to No. 166 
 (letter I>) on 15 per cent of the gross weight of case and contents. 
 
 Bottles shall be dutiable according to No. 10, and for this purpose 
 bottles containing 70 centiliters or more shall be considered as weigh- 
 ing 720 grams each. 
 
 For smaller bottles and for flasks, except of glass, and for other 
 receptacles used for importing water, the weight shall be practically 
 ascertained, and such receptacles shall be dutiable according to the 
 numbers of the tariff in which classed. 
 
 12. Receptacles containing alcohol, brandies, liquors, and other com- 
 pound spirits shall be treated as follows: 
 
 « As modified by Order No. 445, October 31, 1900. 
 
 In the application of rule 10, Disp. Ill, the following practice is observed: 
 Tliere are five distinct classes of merchandise contemplated in the tariff in respect 
 to the method of assessing duty thereon: 
 
 1. Merchandise which pays by gross weight. 
 
 2. Merchandise which pays by net weight. 
 
 3. Merchandise which pays by tare. 
 
 4. Merchandise which pays ad valorem. 
 
 5. Merchandise which pays by unities. 
 
 For the apphcation. of Disp. Ill, rule 10, merchandise which pays tare is consid- 
 ered as paying by gross weight. Merchandise which pays ad valoi-em is considered 
 as paying by net weight. Merchandise free of duty is not taken into consideration 
 at all, as far as the application of Disp. Ill, rule 10, is concerned. The following 
 
HANDBOOK OP CUBA. 187 
 
 When the importation isell'ected in barrels or other casks, the recep- 
 tacles shall be dutiable according to their corresponding j^aragraph on 
 15 per cent of the gross weight if single and on 20 per cent of the 
 gross weight if double. 
 
 When the importation is effected in bottles or flasks, packed in 
 wooden cases or hampers, duties shall be assessed as follows: 
 
 The weight of the liquid shall be practically ascertained, as shall that 
 of bottles or flasks containing the same. 
 
 The practically ascertained weights of the liquid and bottles or flasks 
 shall be added, and the result deducted from the actual gross weight 
 of the entire importation. The difference obtained by this deduction 
 will be the actual weight of the wooden cases or hampers. 
 
 The liquid, bottles or flasks, and wooden cases or hampers will pay 
 duty according to their corresponding paragraphs. 
 
 13. Receptacles containing wine shall be treated as follows: 
 
 When the importation is effected in barrels or other casks, the recep- 
 tacles shall be dutiable according to their corresponding paragraph on 
 12 per cent of the gross weight if single and on 18 per cent of the 
 gross weight if double. 
 
 table of all possible cases or combinations arising in the packing of merchandise is 
 given, together with the indications in each case as to whether rule 10 applies or 
 not: 
 
 Disposition III, rule 10. Does it apply? 
 
 Gross weight packed with net weight? Yes. 
 
 Gross weight packed with merchandise with tare? No. 
 
 Gross weight packed with ad valorem? Yes. 
 
 Gross weight packed with unities? No. ' „ 
 
 Net weight packed with gross weight? Yes. 
 
 Net weight packed with merchandise with tare? Yes. 
 
 Net weight packed with ad valorem? No. 
 
 Net weight packed with unities? Yes. 
 
 Merchandise with tare packed with gross weight? No. 
 
 Merchandise with tare packed with net weight? Yes. 
 
 Merchandise with tare packed with ad valorem? Yes. 
 
 Merchandise with tare packed with unities? No. 
 
 Ad valorem packed with gross weight? Yes. 
 
 Ad valorem packed with net weight? No. 
 
 Ad valorem packed with merchandise with tare? Yes. 
 
 Ad valorem packed with unities? Yes. 
 
 Unities packed with gross weight? No. 
 
 Unities packed with net weight? Yes. 
 
 Unities packed with merchandise with tare? No. 
 
 Unities packed with ad valorem? Yes. 
 
 When in the same case are packed goods dutiable by gross weight, paying under 
 different paragraphs, or letters of paragraphs, or having different tares, or goods 
 having the same tare but paying under different paragraphs, or different letters of 
 the same paragraph, rule 7, Disp. Ill, applies, and the exterior receptacle pays duty 
 under its corresponding paragraph. (Order No. 43, ruling No. 36, August 23, 1900.) 
 
 When in the application of rule 10, Disp. Ill, net weight goods are packed in 
 cardboard boxes or etui cases (estuches), the cardboard boxes, or etui cases, will be 
 classified under their respective paragraphs of the tariff. (Order No. 35, ruling No. 
 29, August 11, 1900.) 
 
188 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 When the importation is effected in bottles or flasks, packed in 
 wooden cases or hampers, duties shall be assessed in exactly the same 
 way as for alcohol, brandies, liquors, and compound spirits, when so 
 imported, except in the case of champagne, which shall be treated as 
 follows: 
 
 The weight of the liquid shall be practically ascertained by deduct- 
 ing from the actual weight of a full bottle 950 grams for an empty 
 champagne bottle, ordinary size, and 550 grams for an empty half 
 bottle. 
 
 The assessment of duty will then proceed as in the case of" any other 
 wine. 
 
 14. Receptacles containing beer or cider shall be treated as follows: 
 
 When the importation is effected in barrels or other casks, the 
 receptacles shall be dutiable according to their corresponding para- 
 graph on 30 per cent of the gross weight. 
 
 When the importation is effected in bottles or flasks, packed in 
 wooden cases, hampers, or barrels, duties shall be assessed as follows: 
 
 When beer is imported in bottles of ordinary or current size, for 
 every 12 quart bottles or 21 pint bottles the glass shall be considered to 
 weigh 9i kilos and the beer contained therein to weigh Si kilos (equal 
 to Si liters), and the difference obtained by adding together the taken 
 weight of the glass and the taken weight of the beer, and deducting 
 the result from the actual gross weight of the entire importation, shall 
 be considered to be the weight of the exterior package or receptacle.'^ 
 
 When beer is imported in bottles not of ordinary or current size, 
 or differing in weight from the average or current weights, the 
 respective weights of the liquid and bottles will be practically ascer- 
 tained, and the assessment of duty will proceed as before. 
 
 In the case of cider the procedure will be the same as in the case of 
 wines or liquors, the weights being practically ascertained. 
 
 Disposition Fourth. 
 
 Articles of Prohibited Importation. 
 
 1. Dynamite, gunpowder, and similar explosives, unless the importer 
 is able to produce a special authorization for landing issued to him by 
 the President of Cuba.^ 
 
 a Rule 14, Disp. Ill, has been interpreted as follows: One barrel supposed to con- 
 tain 6 dozen quart bottles of current size is found, for example, to weigh 114 kilos. 
 The beer contained therein is considered to amount to six times 8^ kilos, or 51 liters, 
 dutiable under paragraph 2806. The glass of the 6 dozen bottles is considered to 
 weigh six times Q^ kilos, or 57 kilos, dutiable under paragraph 10. The taken Aveight 
 of the beer and the taken weight of the glass bottles being added, gives 108 kilos, 
 which, being deducted from the actual gross weight of the entire importation, leaves 
 6 kilos, which is considered to be the weight of the exterior package or receptacles. 
 (Order No. 22, July 11, 1900. ) 
 
 &The words "President of Cuba" have been substituted here for the words 
 "military governor of the island" in the original draft of the tariff of 1900. 
 
•HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 189 
 
 2. Paintings, publications, figures, and all other objects offensive to 
 morality. 
 
 3. Artificial wine (other than medicinal wines of known composition) 
 and adulterated wines. 
 
 Regulations as to Clearance of Petroleum. 
 
 In case of doubt as to the clearance of crude petroleum, a sample of 
 this oil must be taken and the following rules observed: 
 
 1. A sample of 200 cubic centimeters shall l)e taken from 50 cases 
 or less, or from 10 barrels or less, comprised in the declaration and 
 belonging to the same kind of goods. 
 
 2. These samples shall be mixed in a large receptacle, and, when 
 the discharge is terminated, 2 liters are taken therefrom and put into 
 separate bottles, which are sealed and furnished with labels signed by 
 the customs employees and the interested party. These bottles shall 
 be forwarded to the customs chemical expert in order to be assayed. 
 
 3. Immediately after this operation the goods shall be cleared and 
 the corresponding duty applied, but the interested party shall always 
 be bound by the results of the analysis, and the clearance shall not be 
 deemed definitive until that result be known. 
 
 4. The samples must be assayed within one month, and the inter- 
 ested part}^ has the right to be present when the samples are opened 
 and analyzed,, provided that he has made a written request to this 
 effect at the time of identifying the samples by affixing his signature 
 to the labels. He may also appeal to the collector at the chief port 
 from the report of the experts. 
 
 5. Should the interested party in this appeal request that a new 
 analysis be made, this operation shall be effected at his expense if the 
 decision of the customs be sustained. In contrary cases the expenses^ 
 shall be borne by the Government. 
 
 The following shall be considered as — 
 
 (a) Crude oils derived from schists, those obtained from first distilla- 
 tion, distinguishable by their density of from 900 to 920 thousandths 
 of a degree, or from ^^ to 57^ of the centesimal aerometer, equal to 
 from 24 degrees and 69 hundredths to 21 degrees and 48 hundredths 
 Cartier. 
 
 (5) Crude and natural petroleum, that imported in the state in which 
 found when extracted from the well and which has undergone no 
 operation whatever wherebj^ the natural chemical composition is 
 altered or modified. When graduall}^ and continuously distilled up 
 to a temperature of 300° C, this petroleum must leave a residuum 
 exceeding 20 per cent of its primitive weight. 
 
190 
 
 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
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 =»SG^2oK^ § 
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 s..§g I g 
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 g^-^ So 2 S 
 ^6&"-2g I ft 
 
 ■^3'^ tao-d S*^ CO s 
 
 §*aS«s i I 
 S5-5^S^ I g 
 
 §-2|2g^ ^ ^ 
 
 5 '^'.2"S -ftgc ftp 
 2oa>S'3?;M -|8 
 
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 i-35'oSE5£g| 
 
 2G-gg=^i«:.^ 
 
 
Index to Cuban tariff. 
 
 Number. 
 
 Abaca 129-131,315,335 
 
 Absinthe 82,276 
 
 Acetates 96 
 
 Acetylene (apparatus for) 226 
 
 Acids 92, 93 
 
 Aconitine 97 
 
 Aconite 82, 100 
 
 Acorns 262, 264, 286 
 
 Adornments 25, 28, 30, 298, 299, 315 
 
 Adzes 47 
 
 Agate 25 
 
 Agricultural apparatus, machinery, and 
 
 implements 216, 332 
 
 Air motors 218 
 
 Alabaster 1 
 
 Albumens 109 
 
 Albumenized paper 315 
 
 Albums 163 
 
 Alcohol 275 
 
 Ale 280 
 
 Alimentary paste 289 
 
 Alimentary preserves 273 
 
 Alkalis 94 
 
 Alkaloids 97, 99, 333 
 
 Alloys 25-29, 72-74 
 
 Almanacs 155 
 
 Almonds 101,106,263 
 
 Aloes 79 
 
 Alpaca 144 
 
 Alpargatas 200 
 
 Alpiste 267 
 
 Alum 95 
 
 Aluminum : 72 
 
 Amber 298, 299 
 
 Amethyst 25 
 
 Ammoniac 95 
 
 Anchors 43 
 
 Anchovies 249, 270, 340 
 
 Aniline. {See Colors.) 
 
 Animals 181-188,322,324 
 
 Aniseed 82 
 
 Oil of 106 
 
 Anisette : 276 
 
 Antifebrine 100 
 
 Antipyrine 98 
 
 Anvils 44 
 
 Apparatus: 
 
 Agricultural 216 
 
 For making sugar and brandy 215 
 
 For weighing 214 
 
 For illumination 222, 226 
 
 For light-houses 226 
 
 For photography 315 
 
 Scientific 315 
 
 For guava press 226 
 
 Telephonic 222, 226 
 
 Telegraphic 222, 226 
 
 Apples 262, 264 
 
 Apricots 262, 264, 272 
 
 Aqua regia 92 
 
 Archaeological objects 324 
 
 Archil 88 
 
 Arms 53-55 
 
 Arnica 82, 100 
 
 Arrowroot 289 
 
 Arsenic 91 
 
 Arts, implements for 47 
 
 Works of 328 
 
 Asaf etida 82 
 
 Asbestos 2, 226, 315 
 
 Asphalts 5 
 
 Astrakhans 146 
 
 Atlases 157 
 
 Number. 
 
 Atropine 97 
 
 Attar of roses 106 
 
 Augers 47 
 
 Automobiles 227, 230 
 
 Awls 47 
 
 Axes 47, 332 
 
 Axles 39 
 
 Bablah 88 
 
 Baby carriages 180 
 
 Bacon 240 
 
 Baggage 330 
 
 Bags 130, 201, 336 
 
 Baizes. (See Tissues.) 
 
 Balloons 309, 314 
 
 Balsams 82, 99, 100 
 
 Bamboos 171,179,180,300 
 
 Barbed wire, fencing of (.see afeo Free list). 46,181 
 
 Barber's chairs 174 
 
 Bar fixtures 174 
 
 Barges. (See Vessels.) 
 
 Barilla 94 
 
 Bark 80, 87, 333 
 
 Barley 82, 255 
 
 Barometers 315 
 
 Barrels, and shooks for 168 
 
 For firearms. (See Arms.) 
 
 Bars 32, 36, 42 
 
 Basins 21, 23, 33, 34, 56-58, 69, 70, 73, 74 
 
 Baskets 179, 180 
 
 Bas reliefs l, 24 
 
 Bast 179,313 
 
 Bath tubs 1, 2, 56, 74, 171, 172 
 
 Bats, for baseball 171 
 
 Battens 175 
 
 Bay rum 106 
 
 Beads 11 
 
 Beams 42, 166 
 
 Beans 257 
 
 Bearings, of copper 66 
 
 Bedsteads 32-34, 57, 58, 69, 171 , 172, 176, 180 
 
 Beef 237, 242, 248 
 
 Beehives, bees, etc 344 
 
 Beer 280 
 
 Beets 260 
 
 Belladonna 82, 1 00 
 
 Bellows 202 
 
 Bells 69,70 
 
 Belting 192, 226 
 
 Belts 202 
 
 Bench lathes 226 
 
 Bent wood, furniture of 173 
 
 Benzine 8 
 
 Bergamot 106 
 
 Berlins 227 
 
 Berries 80, 82, 87, 262, 264 
 
 Bevels (tool) 47 
 
 Bibs 309, 314 
 
 Bicycles and accessories 225 
 
 Billheads 156 
 
 Billiard tables and appurtenances 174 
 
 Birds 188, 236 
 
 Seed for (alpiste) 267 
 
 Biscuits 290 
 
 Bisque 24 
 
 Bistouries 53 
 
 Bisulphates 98, 333 
 
 Bits, iron or steel 47, 49 
 
 Bitters 276 
 
 Bitumens 5 
 
 Blacking 90 
 
 Blankets. ( See Tissues. ) 
 Blondes. (See Tissues.) 
 Blotting paper 160 
 
 223 
 
224 
 
 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Index to Cuban taryf—Contiauedi 
 
 Ntiinber. 
 Boards .....-.,....... = ............... 166,167,178 
 
 Boats. (See Vessels.) 
 
 Boilers ................. 33,34,56-58)69,70)215,219 
 
 Boiler makers' wares. .................... 66 
 
 Bolts 48, 69 
 
 Bombazine. ( See Tissues. ) 
 
 Bone, and compositions imitating ....... 299 
 
 Bones (as an animal Waste) 206 
 
 Bonnets . .. = .......................... 313 
 
 BooiiS 155.337 
 
 Book bindings. 155 
 
 Boots 197-199, 314 
 
 Borax 95 
 
 Boron 91 
 
 Botany, specimens 324 
 
 Bottles 10, 11, 14, 21 
 
 Boxes 32, 39, 171, 172, 176 
 
 Bracelets -25, 28, 30 
 
 Braces (tool ) 47 
 
 Brackets 170 
 
 Brads 48, 67, 74 
 
 Braid. (See Tissues.) 
 
 Brandy 276 
 
 Fruits preserved in 272 
 
 Brass. (See Copper.) 
 
 Braziline 87,88 
 
 Bricks 5,17,342 
 
 Bridles 201 
 
 Bridle bits 49 
 
 Brilliants 25 
 
 Brine, meat in 237 
 
 Bristles 143 
 
 Bristol board. (See Pasteboard.) 
 
 Britannia metal 73 
 
 Brocades. See Tissues.) 
 
 Broilers 56-58, 69, 70 
 
 Bromides 98 
 
 Bromine 91 
 
 Bronze, coins of (see also Copper) 329 
 
 Brooches. (See Adornments.) 
 
 Brooms 179, 180 
 
 Broomsticks 166 
 
 Broom straw (millo) 269 
 
 Brushes 143, 179, 180, 315 
 
 Buckets 56-58,171,172,202 
 
 Buckles 50, 69, 70, 72 
 
 Bullets 74 
 
 Burins 47 
 
 Burnishers 47 
 
 Buskins 197 
 
 Busts 1, 4, 24, 69, 70 
 
 Butter, and imitations of 244, 287 
 
 Cables 46, 64, 131 
 
 Cachimbas 215 
 
 Calagua 100 
 
 Calendars 156, 157 
 
 Calipers 47 
 
 Calisaya 100 
 
 Calomel 100 
 
 Cameos (see also Adornments) 25 
 
 Cameras 315 
 
 Camphor 79,.100 
 
 Canary: 
 
 Birds 188 
 
 Seed (alpiste) 267 
 
 Candles 104 
 
 Wicks for 127 
 
 Candlesticks 11 
 
 Cane 179, 180, 300 
 
 Ctoelon (Chinese cinnamon ) 283 
 
 Cantharides 100 
 
 Caoutchouc 78, 309, 314 
 
 Capers 260, 271 
 
 Caps: 
 
 For wearing apparel 313 
 
 For firearms 303 
 
 Capsules 73, 99 
 
 Caraway 77, 101 
 
 Carbonate of magnesia 95 
 
 Carbons 110 
 
 Cardboard 162, i63, 201, 308 
 
 Carded hair, hats of 313 
 
 Cards: 
 
 Printed or unprinted 156 
 
 Playingcards 310 
 
 Carpets. ( See Tissues. ) 
 
 Kumber. 
 
 Carriages 227-280 
 
 Cars 228-230 
 
 Carton-pierre 1 64 
 
 Cartridges .. 303 
 
 Carts 231 
 
 Cases 166, 806 
 
 Casks 168 
 
 Castlron 31-34 
 
 Caustic barilla alkalis .................... 94 
 
 Caviar 270 
 
 Celery 260 
 
 Celluloid and imitations 299 
 
 Cement 19 
 
 Centrifugals 215 
 
 Ceramic tiles 20 
 
 Cereals 256 
 
 Chains (see also Adornments) 48 
 
 Chalk 3,4 
 
 Chamber urinals 21 
 
 Champagne 277 
 
 Chamois leather 195 
 
 Chandeliers 14, 69, 70 
 
 Charcoal 100,177 
 
 Pencils 86 
 
 Chartreuse 276 
 
 Charts 157 
 
 Checks, lithographed 156 
 
 Cheese 245 
 
 Cheesecloth. (See Free list.) 
 Chemical products not speeially men- 
 tioned 98 
 
 Cheroots 317 
 
 Cherries 262, 272 
 
 Chest protectors for baseball, fencing, etc. 315 
 
 Chestnuts 265 
 
 Chicory 286 
 
 Chimneys 11,23 
 
 Chinchilla. (See Tissues.) 
 
 Chinese lanterns 161 
 
 Chippings 75,206 
 
 Chisels 47 
 
 Chloroform 100 
 
 Chocolate and sweetmeats of all kinds . . . 288 
 
 Chromos and chromolithographs 157 
 
 Chronographs 316 
 
 Chronometers 211 
 
 Cider 280 
 
 Cigars and cigarettes 817 
 
 Cinches 201 
 
 Cinchona 82,833 
 
 Cinnamon 82, 106 
 
 Clarets. (See Wines.) 
 
 Clariflers (sugar pans) 215 
 
 Clasp nails 48, 67 
 
 Cliches 74 
 
 Cloaks. (See Tissues.) 
 Clocks: 
 
 Works for 213 
 
 Cases 213 
 
 Clothes. ( See Tissues. ) 
 Cloths. ( See Tissues. ) 
 
 Clover 269 
 
 Clover seed 266 
 
 Cloves 283 
 
 Coal 838 
 
 Cochineal 87 
 
 Cocoa: 
 
 Bean, ground or paste 287 
 
 Butter 287 
 
 Wine 100 
 
 Cocoanuts: 
 
 Fruit and seed 77 
 
 Oil 101 
 
 Codfish 247,340 
 
 Cod-liver oil 100, 102 
 
 Coffee, and imitations 286 
 
 Coffee mills 226 
 
 Coffee pots 26, 29, 30, 56-58, 69, 70, 72, 73 
 
 Coffins and undertakers' fixtures 301 
 
 Cognac ,276 
 
 Coins 329 
 
 Coke 338 
 
 Collars 299 
 
 Collections 324 
 
 Colophany 78 
 
 Colors ,, 84-88,312 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 225 
 
 Iridp.i- to Cuban fc/-ri^— Continued. 
 
 Number. 
 
 Columns 32, 57, 58 
 
 Compasses 30, 47, 69, 70, 315 
 
 Compressed-air motors 218 
 
 Compressors 226 
 
 Comptometers 226 
 
 Condensed milk and cream 246 
 
 Conduits 19 
 
 Confectionery 288 
 
 Conserves 273 
 
 Copaiba 100 
 
 Copal (varnish) 89 
 
 Copper and alloys of 59-70, 95, 209, 222 
 
 Copra 77 
 
 Copy books 161 
 
 Coral and imitations 298, 299 
 
 Cord and cordage 131 
 
 Cordials 276 
 
 Corduroy. (See Tissues,') 
 
 Cork 178 
 
 Corkscrews 47 
 
 Corn and corn meal 255, 256 
 
 Corsets. (See Tissues.) 
 
 Corset stififeners 57, 58, 299 
 
 Cosmetics 106 
 
 Cots. (See Beds.) 
 
 Cottolene 238 
 
 Cotton. (See Tissues.) 
 
 Medicated 100 
 
 Oil 101 
 
 Waste 112 
 
 Counterpanes. (See Tissues. ) 
 
 Counting machines 226 
 
 Crabs 251 
 
 Cradles 171, 172 
 
 Cranes, hydraulic 221 
 
 Cranks, of vrrought iron and steel 39 
 
 Cream 246 
 
 Condensed (see Condensed milk) 246 
 
 Crgme de menthe 276 
 
 Creosote 100 
 
 Crochet hooks 52, 68 
 
 Crowbars 47 
 
 Crucibles .- 21 
 
 Crystal and crystal ware 11-14 
 
 Cubeb 100 
 
 Curasao 180, 276 
 
 Currycombs 47, 172 
 
 Curtains. (See Tissues.) 
 
 Cutlery 30,53 
 
 Cuttings of iron or steel 75 
 
 Cyanide of potash 98 
 
 Cymbals 210 
 
 Damask, f See Tissues.) 
 
 Dates .' 262,264 
 
 Deals 166, 167 
 
 Decanters 11 
 
 Demijohns 10, 21 
 
 Dentifrices 106 
 
 Dextrin 108 
 
 Diamonds 25 
 
 Digitalis 100 
 
 Diligences 227 
 
 Dishes 21-23 
 
 Disks (signal) .43 
 
 Dominoes 310 
 
 Dragees, medicinal 99 
 
 Drawings 157 
 
 Drums: 
 
 Musical instruments 210 
 
 Of iron, for receptacles 57, 323 
 
 Duck. ( See Tissues. ) 
 
 Dyes 86-88 
 
 Dynamite Ill 
 
 Dynamos 223 
 
 Earthenware 21 
 
 Earths 3 
 
 Eggs 252 
 
 Eiderdown 204 
 
 Elastic 314 
 
 Electric: 
 
 Accumulators 223 
 
 Dynamo machinery 223 
 
 Insulators 10, 23 
 
 Lamps (incandescent) and carbons. . . 15, 110 
 
 Switches 223 
 
 Elevators 223,226 
 
 159a— 05 15 
 
 Number. 
 
 Elixir 100, 106 
 
 Embroderies. (See Ti.ssues.) 
 
 Emeralds 25 
 
 Emery, stone and paper 3,159 
 
 Emulsions 100 
 
 Enamels 14,85 
 
 Engines 215, 21 6, 220, 222, 226 
 
 Engravings 157 
 
 Envelopes 154 
 
 Erhmanita 92 
 
 Esparto 179, 180 
 
 Essences 78, 106, 273, 276 
 
 Ether, acetic 98 
 
 Etui cases 306 
 
 Explosives Ill 
 
 Extracts 79, 88, 98, 100, 106, 273 
 
 Eyes, glass 14 
 
 Faience 22, 24 
 
 Pans 296 
 
 Fats 101,102 
 
 Faucets 69, 70, 73, 172 
 
 Feathers 203, 204 
 
 Feather dusters 204 
 
 Feather plumes 203 
 
 Feculse 100,108,289 
 
 Pelts 304, 313, 326 
 
 Fencing {see also Free list) 170 
 
 Fertilizers 107, 319 
 
 Fibers 129, 131, 335 
 
 Figs 262, 272 
 
 Figures 14, 24, 322 
 
 Files 47 
 
 Filings , 75 
 
 Filister planes 47 
 
 Films, gauze, for burners 315 
 
 Fine arts, works of 328 
 
 Firearms 54, 55 
 
 Cartridges for 303 
 
 Fire clay 16 
 
 Firecrackers Ill 
 
 Fire pans 33, 34, 57, 58, 69, 70 
 
 Firewood 177 
 
 Fireworks Ill 
 
 Fish 247-251, 270, 340 
 
 Fishhooks 52 
 
 Fish plates 39 
 
 Flannels. (See Tissues.) 
 
 Flasks 10, 11, 14, 21-24, 202 
 
 Flax 101, 129-142, 267, 334 
 
 Flock wool 144 
 
 Flooring wood 166 
 
 Floss silk 148 
 
 Flour 256, 261 
 
 Flour of hops 98 
 
 Flowers 307,320 
 
 Flower pots = 21, 24 
 
 Flower stands 33, 34, 67, 58, 69, 70, 171, 172 
 
 Fodder 269 
 
 Foil 26, 27, 70, 73 
 
 Porks 26, 29, 53 
 
 Fossils 324 
 
 Foundry facing 177 
 
 Fowls 236 
 
 Frogs, iron or steel 43 
 
 Fruits 262, 264, 272 
 
 Fuel 177 
 
 Furnaces 32-34, 57, 58 
 
 Furniture 171-173, 176, 180 
 
 Puses Ill 
 
 Gaiters 197 
 
 Galloons. ( See Tissues. ) 
 
 Gallnuts 82 
 
 Galvanometers 226 
 
 Game 236 
 
 Games 310 
 
 Garden produce 260 
 
 Garlic 259 
 
 Garnet 25 
 
 Garrafones 10,21 
 
 Garters: 
 
 Of gutta-percha 309 
 
 Of others. (See Tissues.) 
 
 Gas meters 226 
 
 Gas motors 218 
 
 Gasoline 8 
 
 Gauze films, (See Films.) 
 
226 
 
 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Index to Cuban tari^— Continued. 
 
 Number. 
 
 Gelatin 109 
 
 Genista 179, 180 
 
 Gin 276 
 
 Ginger 283 
 
 Ginger ale 280 
 
 Girdles 202, 314 
 
 Girths (saddle) 201 
 
 Glass and glassware 10-15, 226 
 
 Glazed cardboard 162, 163 
 
 Gloves {see also Tissues) 196 
 
 Glucose 108 
 
 Glue 109 
 
 Glycerin 102,106 
 
 Goats 186 
 
 Goggles 14,26,29 
 
 Gold 25,26,30 
 
 Gouges 47 
 
 Grains 254, 255 
 
 Gramophones 316 
 
 Graphite 3, 85 
 
 Graphophones 315 
 
 Grates 32 
 
 Grindstones 2 
 
 Guano 107, 179, 319 
 
 Gums 78 
 
 Gun cotton (pyroxylin) Ill 
 
 Gunpowder Ill 
 
 Guns 54, 55 
 
 Gutta-percha 78, 309 
 
 Gutters Sid 
 
 Gypsum 3, 4 
 
 Hair 143, 147, 179, 180, 302 
 
 Hairpins 52, 68 
 
 Halters 201 
 
 Hames 171 
 
 Hammers 47 
 
 Hams 241 
 
 Hand carts 231 
 
 Handkerchiefs. (See Tissues.) 
 
 Harness and saddlery 49, 201 
 
 Harpoons 47 
 
 Hatbands 202 
 
 Hatchets 47 
 
 Hats 313 
 
 Bands for 202,305 
 
 Forms for 313 
 
 Hay 269 
 
 Headings for bills 166 
 
 Heaters 32-34, 56-68, 69, 70 
 
 Hectographs 226 
 
 Hemp 131-142,334 
 
 Goods of. {See Tissues. ) 
 
 Henbane 82, 100 
 
 Heniquen 129,131,336 
 
 Herbs 82,269 
 
 Herring 248,270,340 
 
 Hides, skins, and pelts 189-195 
 
 Hinges 32-34, .57, 58, 69, 70 
 
 Hogs 185 
 
 Hogsheads 168, 169 
 
 Hollow ware 10,11,14,21-23 
 
 Honey 291 
 
 Hooks and eyes 52,68 
 
 Hoops 36, 168 
 
 Hops 82,98 
 
 Horn, and imitations. 206,299 
 
 Horsehair 143 
 
 Hose 309,314 
 
 Hose (footwear). (See Tissues.) 
 
 Hot-air motors 218 
 
 Hyacinth 25, 106, 320 
 
 Hydraulic cranes and motors 218, 221 
 
 Hydrometers 315 
 
 Ice 315 
 
 Implements 47, 216, 332 
 
 Images. (See Sculptures.) 
 
 Incandescent lamps 16 
 
 Incubators 226 
 
 India rubber 78, 309, 314 
 
 Indicators 226 
 
 Indigo 87 
 
 Inductors 223 
 
 Ingots 38, 72-74 
 
 Ink 86, 88 
 
 Number. 
 Instruments: 
 
 Dental 53 
 
 Musical 207-210 
 
 Scientific 315 
 
 Surgical 53 
 
 Insulators 10 
 
 Intestines 205 
 
 Invoices 156 
 
 Iodine 91 - 
 
 Iron 31-58 
 
 Ivory, and imitations 298, 299 
 
 Jasmine 82, 106 
 
 Jasper 1 
 
 Jelly 288 
 
 Jerked beef (tasajo) 242 
 
 Jet, and imitations 298, 299 
 
 Jewelry 25, 28, 30 
 
 Jewels 25 
 
 Jipijapa {see Hats) 313 
 
 Juices .273 
 
 Jute 129-142, 335, 336 
 
 Kirschwasser 276 
 
 Knitted goods. (See Tissues.) 
 
 Knives 53 
 
 Cane 332 
 
 Labels 156, 157 
 
 Lace. (See Tissues.) 
 
 Lampblack 86 
 
 Lamps. ( See Manufactures of component 
 materials.) 
 
 Lanoline 102a 
 
 Lanterns, Chinese 161 
 
 Lard 102, 238 
 
 Lasts (shoe) 171 
 
 Latticework 170 
 
 Lavender 82, 106 
 
 Laudanum 100 
 
 Lead, and alloys thereof 74, 85 
 
 Leather 195,201,202,306 
 
 Lemons 106, 262 
 
 Lemonades, carbonated 280 
 
 Lenses 14, 315 
 
 Letterpress books 161 
 
 Letters of exchange, lithographed 156 
 
 Licorice 79, 82 
 
 Lime 2, 3, 95 
 
 Lincrusta (Walton) 164 
 
 Linen . {See Tissues. ) 
 
 Linoleum 305 
 
 Linseed and linseed oil 101, 267 
 
 Liqueurs 276 
 
 Liquors 276-280 
 
 Lithographs 157 
 
 Lobster 251, 270 
 
 Locomotives 220 
 
 Looking-glasses 13 
 
 Logs 167 
 
 Lubricating oils, substances, boxes 6, 7, 32, 39 
 
 Luggage 330 
 
 Lupulin 98 
 
 Macaroni 289 
 
 Machetes 53, 332 
 
 Machinery and machines 214-226 
 
 Mackerel 249, 270, 340 
 
 Madder 87, 88 
 
 Magnesia 85 
 
 Maizena 289 
 
 Malt 82 
 
 Manganese 9 
 
 Manicure sets of steel 53 
 
 Manikins, dressmaker's 172, 180 
 
 Mantles for burners. (See Films.) 
 
 Manures 107, 319 
 
 Maps 157,331 
 
 Marble 7 
 
 Marbles (games and toys) 310 
 
 Marine engines 218 
 
 Marmalade 288 
 
 Marshmallow 82, 100 
 
 Masks 164,305,316 
 
 Matches 308 
 
 Mats 179, 180 
 
 Mattresses. ( See Tissues. ) 
 
 Meal 256 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 227 
 
 Index to Cuban tariff — Continued. 
 
 Number. 
 
 Meat -. 237,242,243 
 
 Medicinal dragees 99 
 
 Medicinal oils 100 
 
 Meerschaum, and imitations 298, 299 
 
 Mercury 71 
 
 Micrometers 315 
 
 Microscopes 315 
 
 Millo (broom straw) 269 
 
 Mineral: 
 
 Oils 6-8 
 
 Ores 9 
 
 Pitch 5 
 
 Water 280,339 
 
 Wax 103 
 
 Mineralogy, specimens and collections 
 
 of 324 
 
 Miners' fuses Ill 
 
 Mint (creme de menthe) 276 
 
 Mirrors 13 
 
 Models, dressmaker's. (See Manikins.) 
 
 Molasses 292 
 
 Money. (See Coins.) 
 
 Moorings 43 
 
 Moss 320 
 
 Mother-of-pearl, and imitations 298, 299 
 
 Motors 217,218,223 
 
 Mushrooms 273 
 
 Musical instruments 207-210 
 
 Muslin. (See Tissues.) 
 
 Mussels (Shellfish) 261,270 
 
 Mustard 273 
 
 Myrrh ."". 82,100 
 
 Nails 48, 67 
 
 National products 321, 341 
 
 Needles 62, 53, 68, 224, 298, 299 
 
 Newspapers 345 
 
 Nickel, and alloys of 72 
 
 Nippers " 47 
 
 Nitrates, of potash and soda 96 
 
 Nitroglycerin Ill 
 
 Nonalcoholic beverages: 
 
 Natural mineral waters 339 
 
 Others ._, 280 
 
 Numismatical objects .' 324 
 
 Nutmegs 283 
 
 Nuts: 
 
 Chestnuts 265 
 
 Cocoanuts 77 
 
 Copra 77 
 
 Of copper 69 
 
 Of iron or steel 48 
 
 Oats 265 
 
 Ochers 84 
 
 Oilcloth 306 
 
 Oil paintings 312 
 
 Oils 6-8, 100-102, 106, 274 
 
 Oleaginous seeds 77 
 
 Olein 102 
 
 Oleographs 157 
 
 Oleomargarine 244 
 
 Olives 271 
 
 Olive oil 274 
 
 Onions 259 
 
 Opal 26 
 
 Operating tables 174, 226 
 
 Opium 81 
 
 Oranges 262 
 
 Orange oil 106 
 
 Ores 9 
 
 Ornaments 4, 14, 24 
 
 Osiers 179, 180, 306 
 
 Oxalates 96 
 
 Oxides and oxyhydrates 94 
 
 Oysters 251, 270 
 
 Packthread 131 
 
 Paintings 312 
 
 Paints. (See Colors.) 
 Palm: 
 
 Manufactures of 179, 180 
 
 Fans 296 
 
 Oil 101 
 
 Paper (see also Free list) . .' 151-154, 156,158-161 , 316 
 
 Paraffin 103, 104 
 
 Parasols 311 
 
 Sticks for 300 
 
 Number. 
 
 Parchment 195 
 
 Parrots 188 
 
 Pasteboard 162-164 
 
 Pastes 289 
 
 In form of papier-mach6 or carton 
 pierre. {See Carton pierre.) 
 Patent leather. (See Hides, skins, and 
 pelts.) 
 
 Shoes of. (Sec Shoes.) 
 
 Peaches 262, 272 
 
 Peanuts 265 
 
 Pearls 25 
 
 Pears 262, 272 
 
 Pease 258 
 
 Pelts. (See Hides, skins, and pelts.) 
 
 Pencils 86 
 
 Penknives -53 
 
 Pens 26, 51, 68 
 
 Pepper 283 
 
 Peppers 260, 271 
 
 Perfumery 106 
 
 Periodicals 345 
 
 Perry (cider) 280 
 
 Petroleum : 6, 7 
 
 Motors ■. . . 218 
 
 Pewter. (See Alloys.) 
 
 Pharmaceutical products 100 
 
 Phonographs 315 
 
 Phosphates 95 
 
 Phosphorus 91 
 
 Photographs 157 
 
 Photogravures 157 
 
 Piano wires 207 
 
 Pickaxes 47 
 
 Pickles 271 
 
 Pictures 157, 312 
 
 Pig iron. (See Iron.) 
 
 Pills 99 
 
 Pine 343 
 
 Pineapples 262, 272 
 
 Pins 51, 68 
 
 Pipe fittings 32c 
 
 Pipes 40 
 
 Pistols. (See Arms.) 
 
 Pistons 226 
 
 Piston packing 309 
 
 Pita. (See Tissues.) 
 
 Pitch : 5, 78 
 
 Placards 166, 157 
 
 Plaids. (See Tissues.) 
 
 Planes , 47 
 
 Plants 307, 320 
 
 Playing cards 310 
 
 Plows 216, 332 
 
 Plug tobacco 317 
 
 Plums 262, 272 
 
 Plush. (See Tissues.) 
 
 Pneumatic tires 227-231 
 
 Polarizers 215 
 
 Pomades 106 
 
 Porcelain 23, 24 
 
 Pork 237, 243 
 
 Potash 14, 95 
 
 Potassium 91, 95 
 
 Potassium cyanide 98 
 
 Potatoes 260 
 
 Poultry 236 
 
 Powders: 
 
 Tooth (see also Dentifrices) 106 
 
 Talcum 100 
 
 Gun Ill 
 
 Precious stones and imitations 14, 26 
 
 Preparations, toilet 106 
 
 Primers for firearms 303 
 
 Prints 167 
 
 On tissues. ( See Tissues. ) 
 Protectors (breast or chest) for baseball, 
 
 etc -•- . . 316 
 
 Pulp, paper 151 
 
 Pulse 261, 271 
 
 Pumps 218, 226 
 
 Quinine 99, 333 
 
 Rafters 166 
 
 Rails, steel 36 
 
 Railwn V material 32, 36, 39, 43, 220, 221, 228 
 
 Raisins , 264 
 
228 
 
 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Index to Ouban tariff — Continued. 
 
 Number. 
 
 Ramie 334 
 
 Rasps (files) 47 
 
 Rasps 47 
 
 Rattan 179,180,300 
 
 Razors 53 
 
 Razor strops 202 
 
 Reeds and rushes 179,180,300 
 
 Residues (of petroleum) 6 
 
 Resins 78 
 
 Revolvers. (See Arms.) 
 Ribbons. (See Tissues.) 
 
 Rice 253 
 
 Flour 256 
 
 Rivets 48,69 
 
 Rods 36,61 
 
 Roe 270 
 
 Root beer 280 
 
 Roots for dyeing 87 
 
 Rope and cordage 131 
 
 Roses, attar of 106 
 
 Rose water 106 
 
 Rouge 106 
 
 Rounders 47 
 
 Round wood 166 
 
 Rubies 25 
 
 Rugs. (See Tissues.) 
 
 Rum 276 
 
 Rushes. (See Reeds.) 
 
 Rye 255 
 
 Saccharine 295 
 
 Saddlery and harness 49, 201 
 
 Safes 32, 33, 57, 58, 171, 172, 176 
 
 SafHower 281 
 
 Saffron 281 
 
 Sal ammoniac 95 
 
 Salmon 250, 270, 340 
 
 Salt and salts 95-97 
 
 Salted meats 237 
 
 Saltpeter 95 
 
 Salvage from wrecked vessels 236 
 
 Samples 326, 327 
 
 Sand 331 
 
 Sandals 197,200 
 
 Sandalwood oil 100 
 
 Sandpaper 159 
 
 Sarsaparilla 82,280 
 
 Sassafras 82 
 
 Satchels 201 
 
 Sauces 273 
 
 Sausage 273 
 
 Sawdust 171 
 
 Saws 47 
 
 Scabbards 202 
 
 Scales (copper laminse) 59 
 
 Scales (weighing machines) 214 
 
 Schists 6,7 
 
 Scientific instruments 315 
 
 Scoriae 76 
 
 Screws ( threaded nails) 48, 69, 70 
 
 Screws (propellers) 57, 58, 69, 70 
 
 Sculptures 1, 4, 14, 24 
 
 Sealing wax 104 
 
 Seeds 77, 82, 266-268 
 
 Seltzer water 280 
 
 Sesame 77, 101 
 
 Sewing machines and needles 31, 224 
 
 Shavings, of iron and steel 75 
 
 Shawls. (See Tissues.) 
 
 Shears 53 
 
 Sheers 226 
 
 Sheets 37,62 
 
 Shellfish 251, 270 
 
 Shipbuilding, timbers for 166 
 
 Ships. (See Vessels.) 
 
 Shoes 197-199, 314 
 
 Shoe lasts 171 
 
 Shooks 168 
 
 Shot 74 
 
 Shovels 47 
 
 Sieves 45, 65 
 
 Signal disks 43 
 
 Silk. (See Tissues.) 
 
 Silver 25, 27-30 
 
 Singing birds 188 
 
 Siphons 10 
 
 Sirup 288 
 
 Number. 
 
 Skates 248,340 
 
 Skins. (See Hides, skins, and pelts.) 
 
 Skvrockets Ill 
 
 Slabs 1,2,12,19 
 
 Slate 2 
 
 Sleepers or ties 39, 166 
 
 Sling carts 231 
 
 Slippers 197 
 
 Snuff 317 
 
 Soap 105 
 
 Soda 96 
 
 Sodium, chloride of (common salt) 95 
 
 Solders 74 
 
 Soles, leather cut for 192 
 
 Spades 47,332 
 
 Specimens and collections • 324 
 
 Spectacles 14, 26, 29 
 
 Sperm 103 
 
 Sperm oil 102 
 
 Spermaceti 102 
 
 Spices 283 
 
 Spirits, compounded 276 
 
 Spirits of turpentine 78 
 
 Sponges 315 
 
 Spoons. (See Table service.) 
 
 Spring 39,46 
 
 Spurs 49 
 
 Stationary motors 217 
 
 Statuettes. (See Sculptures.) 
 
 Staves 165 
 
 Steam motors, pumps, engines, etc... 217,218,220 
 
 Stearin 102, 104 
 
 Steel. (See Iron.) 
 
 Sticks 300 
 
 Stockfish 247 
 
 Stones 14, 26, 331 
 
 Stoneware 21 
 
 Stoves 32-34, 56-58, 69, 70 
 
 Straps, leather 201 
 
 Straw, and manufactures of 179, 180, 313 
 
 Straws, paper 161 
 
 Strawberries 262 
 
 Stuffed birds, animals, etc. (See Zoology.) 
 
 Strychnine 97 
 
 Sugar 293,294 
 
 Bags 130 
 
 Candy 288 
 
 Machines 215 
 
 Of lead 98 
 
 Sulphates 95 
 
 Surgical instruments 53 
 
 Swanskin 146 
 
 Sweet cake, sweetmeats 288 
 
 Switches (railroad) 43 
 
 Syrup. (See Sirup.) 
 
 Table. (See Manufactures of component 
 material.) 
 
 Tables, operating 174,226 
 
 Table service (cutlery, dishes, goblets, 
 
 etc. ) 10, 11, 21-23, 53 
 
 Tablets 99, 154 
 
 Tacks 48, 67 
 
 Tallow 102,239 
 
 Tan bark 80 
 
 Tanks 57,58,168 
 
 Tapioca 253,256 
 
 Tapestry. (See Tissues.) 
 
 Tar 5, 78, 100 
 
 Tarpaulins 304 
 
 Tartar, cream of 100 
 
 Tartrates 96 
 
 Tasajo (jerked beef) 242 
 
 Teeth 298, 299 
 
 Telephones 222,226 
 
 Telescopes 315 
 
 Theaters (portable) 322 
 
 Theatrical costumes 330 
 
 Theodolites 315 
 
 Thermometers 315 
 
 Thread 113, 149 
 
 Thyme 283 
 
 Tiles 18, 20 
 
 Timber for ships 166 
 
 Timothy grass and seed 268, 269 
 
 Tin, and alloys thereof 73 
 
 TinfoU 166,157 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 229 
 
 Index to Cuban tariff — Continued. 
 
 Number. 
 
 Tin plate 56 
 
 Tinned sheets 37 
 
 Tires 36 
 
 Tissues: 
 
 Bristles or horsehair 147 
 
 Cotton 114-128 
 
 Linen, jute, hemp, ramie, or pita 132-142 
 
 Silk 150 
 
 Waterproofs 314 
 
 Wool 147 
 
 Tobacco , 317 
 
 Tobar, flowers of .' 281 
 
 Toilet preparations 106 
 
 Tomatoes 260, 271 
 
 Tools and instruments (not apparatus) . . 47 
 
 Toothpicks 172 
 
 Tortoise shell, and imitations 298, 299 
 
 Tow 304 
 
 Toys 26,29,230,298,299,310 
 
 Trained animals 322 
 
 Tramway cars 230 
 
 Traveling bags 201 
 
 Trees 320 
 
 Tricycles 225 
 
 Trinkets. (See Adornments.) 
 
 Trolleys, miners' 229 
 
 Trucks 229 
 
 Truffles 273 
 
 Trunks 171, 172, 202 
 
 Tulles. ( See Tissues. ) 
 
 Tumblers 11 
 
 Turntables 221 
 
 Turpentine 78, 101 
 
 Twine 131 
 
 Type 74,172 
 
 Umbrellas 311 
 
 Sticks for 300 
 
 Urinals. (See Chamber urinals.) 
 
 Urns 1 
 
 Vainiletina 284 
 
 Valises 201 
 
 Vanilla 284 
 
 Varnishes 89 
 
 Vaseline '. 8 
 
 Vases 1, 14, 24 
 
 Vegetable- 
 Extracts (flavoring) 273 
 
 Fuel 177 
 
 179, 180 
 273 
 101 
 103 
 225 
 
 167 
 
 Number. 
 Vegetable— Continued. 
 
 Hair 
 
 Juices 
 
 Oils 
 
 Wax 
 
 Velocipedes 
 
 Velvets. (See Tissues. ) 
 
 Veneers 
 
 Vessels 232-235, 315 
 
 Wagons 231 
 
 Walking sticks 300 
 
 Wall clocks 213 
 
 Wall paper 158, 326 
 
 Walnuts 265 
 
 Washers 48, 69 
 
 Waste, cotton 112 
 
 Wastes, animal 206 
 
 Water-closets 226 
 
 Waterproof stuffs 314 
 
 Waters, mineral 280, 339 
 
 Watches 211 
 
 Watches, glasses for 14 
 
 Wax 103, 104 
 
 Figures 322 
 
 Matches 308 
 
 Weighing machines 214 
 
 Whalebone, and imitations 299 
 
 Wheat 254 
 
 Flour 256 
 
 Wheelbarrows 231 
 
 Wheels (railroad) 39 
 
 Whips 201 
 
 Whiskies 276 
 
 Wicks 112, 127 
 
 Windmills. (See Machinery and appa- 
 ratus. ) 
 
 Wines 277-279 
 
 Wire 26, 29, 41, 45, 63-65, 72-74 
 
 Wood 165-177, 300, 306, 308, 311, 315 
 
 Furniture of. (See Furniture.) 
 
 Wood pulp (see also Free list) 151 
 
 Wool. (See Tissues.) 
 
 Works for clocks and watches 211-213 
 
 Yarn 129,336 
 
 Yeast 289 
 
 YelloVv ocher 84 
 
 Zinc and its alloys 74 
 
 Zoology, specimens and collections of . . . 315, 324 
 
CHAPTER X. 
 
 MONEY, BANKS, AND BANKING. 
 
 MONEY. 
 
 Cuba has no currency of its own coinage. The official money of the 
 Republic is United States currency, and all taxes and public debts are 
 paj^able in the same, except fees of registers of propert}^, which are 
 collected in Spanish gold. In commercial circles (wholesale) Spanish 
 gold is the basis of calculation, and in the retail trade and in the 
 country Spanish silver is almost entirel}^ used. 
 
 United States currency is always at a premium over Spanish gold, 
 but this premium fluctuates according to the market demand for 
 Spanish gold and silver. During the j^ear ending June 30, 1904, the 
 American dollar was on an average equivalent to $1.09 Spanish gold 
 or 11.38 Spanish silver, the fluctuation being from $1.10|- to $1.08i in 
 gold, and from |1.42 to $1.35 in silver. 
 
 The legal monetar}^ system of Cuba is patterned after that of Spain. 
 The centen or 25-peseta piece is of gold, and has an average value 
 of $4.90 American money. The silver coins are the peso, peseta, dos 
 pesetas, real, and medio, occupying the same relative position as the 
 American dollar, dime, and nickel. The dos pesetas is a silver coin 
 valued at 2 pesetas, for which there is no correspondent in the American 
 coinage. The peseta is the fifth of a peso. 
 
 The following table will show in a more comprehensible manner the 
 different coins in circulation in Cuba and their value in American 
 
 money: 
 
 
 
 
 Coin. 
 
 Spanish. 
 
 American. 
 
 El peso - 
 
 SI. 00 
 .40 
 .20 
 .10 
 .05 
 
 «0.60 
 
 Dos pesetas 
 
 
 .24 
 
 Una peseta 
 
 .12 
 
 Un real 
 
 .06 
 
 Medio real . 
 
 .03 
 
 
 
 Bronze and copper 1-centavo (cent) and 2-centavo pieces pass cur- 
 rent at their face value in sums not exceeding 1 peseta. For the 
 Government the fixed value of the center is $4.78 American ajad the 
 Louis $3.83. B}- the latter is meant all the French coins and fourth 
 part of a Spanish onza. 
 
 230 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 231 
 
 The result of the loan ($31,675,000) arrived in Cuba as follows: 
 
 In gold coin of the United States: 
 
 $20 $13,050,000 ■ 
 
 10 5,500,000 
 
 5 2, 149, 035 
 
 $20, 699, 035 
 
 In bills: 
 
 $100 3, 858, 600 
 
 50 1,808,000 
 
 20 3, 087, 720 
 
 10 1, 800, 010 
 
 5 370, 035 
 
 2 50,000 ■ 
 
 10,974,365 
 
 In copper coin of America 1, 600 
 
 Total 31, 675, 000 
 
 BANKS AND BANKING. 
 
 The banking facilities existing in Cuba at the present time are 
 inadequate. Under the tenure of Spain no effort was made to afford 
 the Cubans an opportunity to bank their savings, nor were the usual 
 channels found in other countries for the distribution of money given 
 attention. 
 
 On July 21, 1898, immediately following the occupation of Santiago 
 by the American trqops, the President of the United States appointed 
 the North American Trust Company, of New York, fiscal agent of the 
 United States, and it continued to act as such until July 18, 1901, 
 when the assets and business were transferred to the Banco Nacional 
 de Cuba. 
 
 This bank was organized with a paid-up capital of $1,000,000 
 United States currency. It purchased part of the assets of the North 
 American Trust Company, and liquidated the company's business in 
 Cuba. 
 
 The bank has branches established at Santiago de Cuba, Matanzas, 
 Cienfuegos, Cardenas, Manzanillo, Sagua la Grande, and Pinar del 
 Rio, and correspondents at every other important point in the island. 
 
 The two principal conditions from which the financial situation in 
 Cuba suffered were, first, scarcity of money in circulation; and, second, 
 the lack of banking facilities outside the city of Habana, the conse- 
 quent immobility of capital, and the difficulty of transferring money 
 and credit from one point to another. 
 
 The bank sought to meet these conditions by establishing its branches 
 at the points mentioned, through which the Government makes its 
 deposits and disbursements for the several localities, and which 
 encourage local deposits, which are available for local loans. In this 
 wa}'^ exchange operations have been facilitated, giving mobility to 
 
232 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 capital and affording opportunities for individual and company deposits 
 in the bank, instead of keeping specie hoarded in safes as theretofore. 
 
 The bank has a saving department, which serves to bring money 
 into circulation, in addition to the bank's capital. 
 
 Local loans are made and used for the development of business in 
 each section. The surplus of one section is transmitted for loans in 
 other sections where there is a demand for money. This prevents the 
 money from being concentrated in Habana and gives facilities for the 
 development of the several sections of the island instead of one par- 
 ticular section. The bank has correspondents all over the world, and 
 does the principal part of the exchange business with China. 
 
 The bank's capital of $1,000,000 is divided into 10,000 shares of the 
 par valae of $100 each, United States currency. This stock is held 
 principally in the United States, although a large amount is held in 
 Cuba. - 
 
 J. P. Morgan & Co. are the bank's correspondents in New York. 
 
 ROYAL BANK OF CANADA. 
 
 The agency of the Royal Bank of Canada (head office at Halifax, 
 Nova Scotia), established in Habana in 1899, has rapidly gained the 
 confidence of the community, and is now ranked among the most 
 important banking concerns doing business in the Island. This insti- 
 tution, which is well and favorably known in the United States and 
 Canada, has more than forty branches in those countries, including 
 one in New York City, which gives it exceptional facilities for the 
 handling of transactions between that city and Habana. The bank 
 also has correspondents in the principal cities of Europe and in the 
 East, among whom may be named the Bank of Scotland, the Credit 
 Lyonnais, the Deutsche Bank, and the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank- 
 ing Corporation. 
 
 This concern has recently bought out the ' ' Banco del Comercio " 
 business and is the Government's agent for the payment of the army 
 of liberation. 
 
 It has branches in Santiago de Cuba and Camaguey. 
 
 THE SPANISH BANK. 
 
 This institution, known as the " Banco Espanol de la Isla de Cuba" 
 (Spanish Bank of the Island of Cuba), is a stock company, and was 
 incorporated on April 9, 1856, with a capital stock of $8,000,000, now 
 divided into 80,000 shares of the par value of $100 each. It has a 
 reserve fund of $456,000. During the Spanish sovereignty it enjoyed 
 the support of the Government, with which it negotiated many large 
 transactions. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 233 
 
 COLOKIAL LOAN AND DEPOSIT ASSOCIATION, OF BUFFALO, N. Y. 
 
 This association has an authorized capital of $20,000,000, and has 
 for its object the bringing together of those people who have money 
 to invest and those who want to borrow; to furnish a safe and profit- 
 able system for investing money in both large and small sums in a 
 manner which will assist and encourage saving. Stock in this associa- 
 tion is divided into shares of $100 each. 
 
 In addition to the regular banks there are several private firms, 
 whose business is principally that of loaning money on securities. 
 
 Among these may be mentioned the banking houses of Zaldo & Co., 
 L. Ruiz, H. Upmann & Co., and N. Gelats & Co., all of Habana. 
 
 Recently a law has been proposed for the creation of national banks, 
 which, it is thoi^ht, will be of great help in increasing the financial 
 
 loiy 
 
 and economic (ifvelopment of the island. 
 
^ CHAPTER XI. 
 
 FINANCIAL ORGANIZATION— REVENUES, DEBT, ETC. 
 
 DEBIT. 
 
 On the 20th of May, 1902, at the time of the inauguration of the 
 Republic, there existed in the treasury a surplus of $636,170.29, which 
 shows that Cuba, which before the American intervention was under the 
 weight of heavy colonial debts, entered the life of a free nation free 
 from incumbrances, owing to the generous help she received from the 
 great American Republic, and with more than $500,000 of ready 
 money, which she could employ in the many works and duties of a 
 newly born country which entertains ideas of progress and prosperity. 
 
 This favorable condition of the Cuban treasury has been steadily 
 growing better, as shown in the following table: 
 
 May 20, 1902 $635,170.29 
 
 June, 1902 745, 371. 08 
 
 September, 1902 ". . 1, 406, 736. 83 
 
 December, 1902 1, 824, 882. 79 
 
 March, 1903 2,638,536.33 
 
 June, 1903 13,172,463.01 
 
 December, 1903 4, 254, 061 . 57 
 
 March, 1904 4, 662, 014. 36 
 
 July, 1904 7,099,584.86 
 
 June, 1905 8, 657, 922. 49 
 
 The receipts for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1905, were $61,751,- 
 095.72, of which $25,944,322.60 were from public revenues, and 
 135,806,773.12 from special accounts, of which $31,677,336.53 were 
 the product of the loan for the payment of the Cuban army, there 
 remaining a surplus of $4,129,416.59 of the said special accounts. 
 In the year 1904-5 the custorr house receipts yielded $23,168,845, 
 or $4,848,942 more than the previous year, this being due to a 
 great extent to the increased commerce. The exportations reached 
 $101,000,077, the importations $93,015,000, from which should be 
 deducted the $31,677,000 from the loan, leaving a trade balance in 
 favor of Cuba of about $40,000,000. 
 
 The total taxes received for the year were $29,258,599, or $^,736,838 
 more than the previous year. 
 
 The special taxes devoted to the payment of the interest and sinking 
 
 fund of the said loan amounted to $3,576,865.90, or twice as much as 
 
 was needed to meet this disbursement, which added to the balance of 
 
 $1,042,460.04 on July 1, 1904, gave a total of $4,619,325.94 This 
 
 234 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 235 
 
 splendid result moved the Government to buy in a million of the bonds 
 in the market, for which it paid $1,062,500, thus reducing the capital 
 of the loan and $50,000 annual interest. 
 
 During the year payments were made to the amount of $44,510,373. 38, 
 of which $17,286,400.11 were for the regular budget and $23,066,688.36 
 for paying the army claims, leaving $8,610,648.17 to the credit of the 
 latter. 
 
 Th'e total receipts for the year were $61,751,095.72 plus $7,099,584.86 
 balance of the previous year, giving a grand total of $68,984,714.63, 
 and if $44,564,407.43 be deducted, a balance remains of $24,340,307.20. 
 The amount in the Cuban treasury on the 1st of July last, which, after 
 suffering some deductions for outstanding credits, left about $22,000,000 
 surplus. 
 
 REVENUE AND EXPENDITURES. 
 
 The revenues of the island are classified as receipts from customs, 
 internal revenue, postal and telegraph receipts, and consular fees. 
 The following table shows a balance on June 30, 1904, of $5,860,372.37, 
 after deduction of the amount due for fees of honorary consuls, postal 
 money orders, outstanding bills, and funds collected through stamp 
 tax for sinking fund and interest on loan made for the payment of the 
 Cuban army: 
 
 Revenue and expenditures of Cuba during the fiscal year ended June SO, 1904. 
 
 GENERAL FUNDS. 
 
 On hand July 1, 1903 $2,968,689.37 
 
 Eeceipts during year ended July 1, 1904: 
 
 Customs $18,299,470.01 
 
 Internal revenue 1, 001, 253. 00 
 
 Postal and telegraph 544,600.00 
 
 Consular fees 266,918.09 
 
 20, 112, 241. 10 
 
 Total receipts - 23,080,930.47 
 
 Expenses during year 17, 220, 558. 10 
 
 Balance June 30, 1904 5,860,372.37 
 
 TRUST FUNDS. 
 
 On hand July 1, 1903: 
 
 Postal orders outstanding $183, 893. 03 
 
 Outstanding bills 4, 024. 65 
 
 Correctional courts 15, 855. 96 
 
 $203, 773. 64 
 
 Receipts during year ended July 1, 1904: 
 
 Postal orders 5,850,266.01 
 
 Honorary consular fees 6. 45 
 
 Stamp tax for loan 2, 251, 946. 52 
 
 Outstanding bills 6,621.89 
 
 Correctional courts 61, 188. 45 
 
 8,170,029.32 
 
 8, 373, 802. 96 
 
236 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Expenditures during year ended July 1, 1904: 
 
 Postal orders $5,870,439.85 
 
 Loan (interest and sinking fund) 1, 209, 486. 48 
 
 Outstanding bills 3, 678. 73 
 
 Correctional courts 77, 044. 41 
 
 $7, 160, 649. 47 
 
 Balance in treasury to meet outstanding bills 1, 213, 153. 49 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 On hand July 1, 1903: 
 
 General revenues $2,968,689.37 
 
 Trust funds • 293,773.64 
 
 $3, 172, 463. 01 
 
 Receipts during year ended July 1, 1904: 
 
 General revenues 20, 112, 241. 10 
 
 Trust funds 8,170,029.32 
 
 28, 282, 270. 42 
 
 Total revenues : 31,454,733.43 
 
 Expenditures during year ended July 1, 1904: 
 
 General expenses 17,220,558. 10 
 
 Trust funds 7,160,649.47 
 
 24, 381, 207. 57 
 
 Balance June 30, 1904 7, 073, 525. 86 
 
 Less outstanding debts 1, 213, 153. 49 
 
 Net balance in treasury June 30, 1904 5, 860, 372. 37 
 
 The nation's budget, approved by the law of January 25, 1904, estab- 
 lishes the following: 
 
 First. That the fixed expenses, the latter consisting of those occa- 
 sioned by the legislative branch and by the interest, collection, and 
 cost of the loan made to pa}^ the army, shall be $2,618,022, and the 
 fixed revenue $2,829,960, composed of the customs duties set aside to 
 cover the first-mentioned expenses and the taxes and duties placed on 
 the importation, manufacture, sale, and consumption of liquor, as 
 provided for in the law of February 25, 1904. There is therefore a 
 surplus of $311,938. 
 
 Second. That the annual expenses shall be fixed at $15,396,991.25 
 and the revenues at $16,669,540, which will give a surplus of 
 $672,540.75. 
 
 The total surplus for the present fiscal year is estimated at 
 $984,486.75. 
 
 The following statement shows a recapitulation of expenses and 
 revenues: 
 
 REVENUES. 
 
 Customs duties $15,528,500.00 
 
 Consular fees 250, 000. 00 
 
 Department of communications (postal and telegraph service) 500, 000. GO 
 
 Internal revenue 2, 227, 500. 00 
 
 Proceeds from Government property and fees 119, 500. GO 
 
 Various sources 274, 000. OG 
 
 Total 18, 899, 5GG. GG 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 237 
 
 EXPENSES. 
 
 Legislative branch $430,460.00 
 
 Government loan: Interest and cost of collection 2, 087, 562. 00 
 
 Executive branch: President's salary and expenses 68, 390. 00 
 
 Department of state and justice 386, 855. 57 
 
 Department of government 4, 997, 827. 54 
 
 Department of finance 1, 903, 499. 06 
 
 Department of public instruction 3, 751, 087. 08 
 
 Department of public works 3, 023, 004. 00 
 
 Department of agriculture, industry, and commerce 181, 663. 00 
 
 Judicial branch 1, 102, 665. 00 
 
 Total 17,915,013.25 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 Total revenue $18,899,500.00 
 
 Total expenses 17, 915, 013. 25 
 
 Surplus 984,486.75 
 
 The only debts of the Republic of Cuba are: 
 
 First. The Cuban bonds of 1896 and 1897, recognized by the law of 
 January 22, 1904, amounting to $2,196,585. They bear interest at the 
 rate of 6 per cent per annum, and are due ten years after the evacua- 
 tion of the Spanish troops — that is, in 1909. The back interest was 
 paid in 1904, and since then regularly in October^ and April. 
 
 Second. The loan .for the payment of the Cuban revolutionary arm}' , 
 amounting to $35,000,000. 
 
 LOAN FOR THE PAYMENT OF THE ARMY. 
 
 In the first message addressed by the President of the Republic to 
 Congress, on March 26, 1902, the executive recognized the obligation 
 contracted by the Government of the revolution with the army, and 
 deplored that it was not in his power at that time to fulfill an obliga- 
 tion so sacred as was that of rewarding the services of those who had 
 fought for their country's freedom. 
 
 In August of the same year a committee was appointed to revise 
 and examine the lists of said armj'^, the work being continued by 
 another committee appointed in May, 1903. Subsequently, by the 
 law of July 24 of the same year, the obligation to pay the soldiers of 
 the army and the civil officers and employees of the revolution was 
 accepted as a legitimate debt of the Republic and a new committee 
 appointed to act on the claims presented and to decide on all the ques- 
 tions that might come up as the result of the settlements made. 
 
 During the two months fixed as the period for its labors, this last- 
 named committee has allowed 7,561 claims, and has still to dispose of 
 10,364, as also a large number presented after the expiration of the 
 legal term allowed for filing same. 
 
238 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 The President having been authorized by the law of February 27, 
 1903, with the modifications contained in the law of Januar}^ 25, 1904, 
 to negotiate a loan of $35,000,000 United States currency, said law 
 at the same time determining the form of taxation required to provide 
 the funds for pa3ang the interest and amortization of the principal of 
 the debt, the necessary efforts were made in foreign markets for the 
 purpose of carrying out this financial operation. 
 
 The President of the Republic, in his message of November 19, 
 1903, gave an account of the steps that had been taken for the purpose 
 of obtaining said loan and at the same time recommended a modifica- 
 tion of several articles of the law of February 27, 1903, which modifi- 
 cations were made by the law of January 25, 1904. ' 
 
 Of the proposals received from differeht bankers, that of Messrs. 
 Speyer & Co., of New York, was accepted, and the preliminary 
 agreement was signed on the 11th of February of the present year. 
 
 The conditions of the contract are as follows: Security, 15 per cent 
 of the revenue from customs duties, as provided for in the law of 
 January 25, 1904; rate of issue, 90 per cent; interest, 5 per cent per 
 annum; date of loan, March 1, 1904; redemption of loan to begin 
 March 1, 1910. 
 
 The interest and principal of the loan will be paid out of the taxes 
 fixed by the law of February 27, 1903, with the modifications pro- 
 vided for in the law«of January 25, 1904, as stated in the provisional 
 agreement and in the law approving the budgets of the Republic, of 
 January 26, 1904. 
 
 On May 11, 1904, the final contract was signed at Habana and the 
 $35,000,000 was paid to the Government in the installments specified. 
 The following is the law on the subject: 
 
 republic op cuba. 
 Law Providing :for $35,000,000 Five Per Cent Gold Bonds. 
 
 [Translation of the publication in the Gaceta Oficial de la Repiiblica de Cuba, January 25, 1904, of the 
 act of the Congress of the Republic of Cuba, passed February 27, 1903, as amended by the act of said 
 Congress, passed January 25, 1904.] 
 
 Article I. The President of the Republic of Cuba is hereby authorized to issue 
 bonds for a foreign debt, for an amount not to exceed thirty-five millions of dollars 
 in gold, in money of the United States of North America, at the rate of four dollars 
 and eighty-six cents ($4.86) for each pound sterling, or the equivalent in other for- 
 eign moneys. 
 
 These bonds shall bear interest at the rate of five per cent (5% ) per annum, and 
 shall be retiied within forty years. The principal, as well as the interest, shall be 
 exempt from all kinds of Cuban taxes that exist or may be imposed hereafter. 
 
 Art. II. The Republic of Cuba pledges its good faith, and its credit, for the retire- 
 ment of the bonds and for the prompt payment of the interest; and as a special 
 guarantee for the payment of the interest and the retirement of these bonds, the 
 executive power is authorized to set aside, pledge, and appropriate to this purpese a 
 sufficient amount of the receipts of the custom-houses of the Republic of Cuba, in 
 whatever form and manner the executive may consider sufl&cient and proper. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 239 
 
 The President of the Republic is also authorized to determine the terms and con- 
 ditions of the issue and service of this loan, reporting to Congress at the beginning 
 of the first legislative session of the current year concerning the conditions and the 
 result of the negotiations. 
 
 Art. III. In order to assure the retirement of the bonds and the interest of the 
 loan, and in accordance with the third section of article 59 of the constitution, a 
 special permanent tax is created upon the manufacture, sale, or consumption of the 
 following articles: 
 
 Class First. — Domestic and foreign alcoholic drinks. 
 
 Section first — Strong liquors: 
 
 A. Each bottle or liter of rum, gin, whisky, or other similar liquor, manufactured 
 in the country, shall pay twenty cents. 
 
 B. Each bottle or liter of rum, gin, whisky, or other similar liquor, imported, 
 shall pay upon entering Cuba, in addition to the custom duty, twenty cents. 
 
 Section second — Natural wines: 
 
 A. Each liter of sparkling wine, imported, shall pay at its entry, in addition to the 
 custom duty in force, thirty cents. 
 
 B. Each liter of imported wine of all other kinds shall pay upon entry into Cuba, 
 in addition to the existing custom duty, two cents. 
 
 C. Each imported liter of natural cider shall pay in entering Cuba, in addition to 
 the existing custom duty, six cents. 
 
 D. Each bottle or liter of wine made or mixed in the country, the manufacture or 
 mixing of which is not prohibited, shall pay twenty-five cents. 
 
 Section third — Domestic and foreign beers: 
 
 A. Each case of twenty-four half bottles, manufactured in Cuba, shall pay five 
 cents. 
 
 B. Each case of twenty-four half bottles, or of twelve bottles, or each nine liters 
 of imported beer shall pay upon entering Cuba, in addition to the existing custom 
 duty, five cents. 
 
 Class Second. — Domestic and foreign artificial waters and drinks. 
 
 Section fourth: 
 
 A. Each case of twenty-four half bottles of artificial water, manufactured in Cuba, 
 shall pay five cents. 
 
 B. Each siphon of one liter of artificial water, manufactured in Cuba, shall pay 
 one-half cent. 
 
 C. Each cylinder of artificial water, manufactured in Cuba, shall pay five cents. 
 
 D. Each case of twenty-four half bottles of artificial cider (called "refresco"), 
 manufactured in Cuba, shall pay five cents. 
 
 E. The artificial waters or manufactured refrescoes, which may be imported, shall 
 pay, in addition to the custom duty, the special tax to the same extent as those 
 manufactured in the country. 
 
 Class Third. — Manufacture and consumption of matches. 
 
 Section fifth : 
 
 A. Each box of matches, containing up to fifty matches, manufactured in the 
 country, shall pay one-half of one cent. 
 
 B. Each box of matches, containing up to fifty matches, imported, shall pay at 
 entry, in addition to the custom duty, one-half of one cent. 
 
240 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Class Fourth. — Manufacture of tobacco. 
 
 Section sixth: 
 
 A. Each thousand manufactured cigars, for export, weighing over three pounds, 
 shall pay one dollar. 
 
 B. Each thousand cigarettes, not weighing more than three pounds, for export, 
 shall pay ten cents. 
 
 C. Each thousand manufactured cigars, for home consumption, weighing more 
 than three pounds, shall pay two dollars. 
 
 D. One-third of one cent on each box of sixteen cigarettes or twenty-one cents for 
 each thousand and eight cigarettes. 
 
 E. Each package of picadura (tobacco for cigarettes, pipes, etc.) shall pay, per 
 pound, six cents. 
 
 Class Fifth. — Manufacture of sugar. 
 
 Section seventh: Each sack of sugar 'manufactured in Cuba, containing up to four- 
 teen arrobas [an arroba contains 25 pounds] , shall pay five cents. 
 
 Class Sixth. — Manufacture and sale of playing cards. 
 
 Section eighth: 
 
 A. Each pack of cards, manufactured in the country, shall pay five cents. 
 
 B. Each pack of cards, imported, shall pay upon entry into Cuba, in addition to 
 the custom duty, five cents. 
 
 Section ninth: The taxes indicated in subdivision A, section first of class first, 
 namely, those upon liquors; and those indicated in subdivisions A, B, and E of 
 section sixth, which are imposed upon manufactured tobacco, boxes of cigarettes, 
 and picadura, for export, shall not be applied until the beginning of the retirement 
 of the bonds. The executive, nevertheless, is authorized to begin the collection of 
 these taxes, if it should be necessary to complete the amount required for the pay- 
 ment of the interest on the loan. 
 
 Section tenth. Likewise the tax indicated in section seventh, class fifth, on sugars, 
 shall not be applied subject to the same conditions specified in the preceding section. 
 
 Section eleventh. During the life of the special tax established by this law all 
 articles or objects affected by it shall not be subject to other new industrial taxes 
 by the State, the Province, or the municipalities. 
 
 Section twelfth. The President of the Republic shall determine the regulations 
 which he may consider proper for the administration and collection of the tax, being 
 authorized to make direct agreements with manufacturers and merchants concern- 
 ing the manner of collecting such tax. 
 
 Art. IV. The surplus which may result from this tax shall be applied to the vol- 
 untary retirement of the bonds which may be issued, unless some other application 
 is determined by law. 
 
 Art. V. The result of the loan shall be applied, as far as it goes, to the payment 
 of the amounts due to the army of liberation. 
 
 Art. VI. In view of the aggregate of the amounts due to the disbanded army of 
 liberation, which may remain unpaid after a part has been satisfied, as provided for 
 in the preceding article. Congress shall determine the manner in which the Republic 
 shall be discharged from this responsibility, although without affecting in any man- 
 ner whatever the guarantees of the loan, which are established in this law. 
 
 Art. VII. The President of the Republic shall issue the orders, decrees, and regu- 
 lations which may be necessary for the execution of this law. 
 
 Habana, January twenty-fifth, 1904. 
 
 T. Estrada Palma. 
 Jose M. Garcia Montes,* 
 
 Secretary of Finance, 
 
HANDH<><)K OF (UJBA. 
 
 241 
 
 On Jul,y 28, 1905, the following law for the pa^mient of the remain- 
 ing 50 per cent to the Cuban arm}'^ wa,s signed b_y the President: 
 
 ' . - . . 
 
 Article 1. The executive power will invest in the payment — to the amount it will 
 
 reach — of the 50 per cent due on the credits of the army of liberation the sums it will 
 have in its possession, ninety days after this law has been promulgated, of the follow- 
 ing funds: Surplus of the loan of the $35,000,000, the surplus resulting from the 
 collection of the taxes created by the said law of the loan, and those which may 
 exist in the public treasury. 
 
 Of the total which may result from the accumulation of the amounts above stated, 
 the sum of $6,000,000 will be previously set aside, which will remain as a reserve 
 fund in the public treasury to cover the disbursement that Congress may determine. 
 
 Art. 2. After the payment stated in the foregoing article has been made the bal- 
 ance remaining in favor of each of the creditors will carry 5 per cent annual interest 
 ninety days from the date of the promulgation of this law. 
 
 Art. 3. To each creditor bonds will be issued, Avhich will be called "interior debt," 
 for the final balance which will result in his favor. Said bonds will carry 5 percent 
 annual interest, payable, after it becomes due, every six months, by means of cou- 
 pons, which will be delivered with the security. , 
 
 Art. 4. In each ordinary budget there shall be fixed the sum which Congress will 
 determine to invest in the sinking fund of these bonds. 
 
 Art. 5. The amortization will be made by lot, and once made the bond will be 
 totally destroyed. 
 
 Art. 6. The bonds to which article 3 refers will be of |100 each; fractions of less 
 than that amount resulting from each liquidation made in conformity to what has 
 been provided for in the second article of this law shall be paid in cash. ^ 
 
 Art. 7. In all that is not provided in this law the code of commerce as to securities 
 to the bearer wall apply to the bonds. 
 
 Art. 8. All the laws, rules and regulations, orders, and other provisions opposed to 
 the carrying out of this law are abrogated. 
 
 About $17,000,000 will be paid in cash and the rest in bonds as 
 stated. 
 
 CUBAN BONDS AND STOCKS. 
 
 Amount, interest, and value of Cuban bonds and stocks in September, 1905. 
 
 BONDS. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Outstand- 
 ing. 
 
 Cuban Republic. 
 Do 
 
 City Habana, first mortgage 7 
 
 City Habana, second mortgage 3 
 
 Cienfuegos Railroad 
 
 Cienf iiegos Railroad, second mortgage 
 
 Caibarieu Railroad 
 
 Cuban Central Railroad : 4 
 
 Cuban Electric, first mortgage i 
 
 Consolidated Gas, first mortgage 
 
 Consolidated Gas, second mortgage 2 
 
 Gibara and Holguin 
 
 000, 000 
 191, 585 
 000, 000 
 500, 000 
 403, 000 
 282, 000 
 247, 000 
 000, 000 
 300, 000 
 487, 000 
 898, 600 
 179, 000 
 
 Annual 
 interest. 
 
 Quota- 
 tion 
 (gold). 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 
 6 
 
 $118 
 
 6 
 
 113 
 
 6 
 
 118 
 
 6 
 
 116 
 
 8 
 
 128 
 
 7 
 
 117 
 
 7 
 
 112 
 
 "li 
 
 100 
 
 6 
 
 105 
 
 8 
 
 101 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 8 
 
 98 
 
 Due in- 
 
 1944 
 1908 
 1939 
 1938 
 1921 
 1921 
 1922 
 1944 
 1920 
 1906 
 1960 
 
 159 a— 05- 
 
 -16 
 
242 
 
 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Annnoif, interest, and value of Cuban bonds ami 
 
 STOCKS. 
 
 ■iocks in September, 190.5 — Continued. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Outstand- 
 ing. 
 
 Annual 
 interest. 
 
 Quota- 
 tion 
 (gold). 
 
 Cuban National Bank 
 
 Spanish Bank 
 
 Puerto Principe Agriculture Bank 
 
 United Eailwaj's 
 
 Matanzas Railroad 
 
 Cardenas and Jucaro Railroad 
 
 Western Railroad 
 
 Cuban Central, preferred 
 
 Cuban Central, common 
 
 Habana Dry Dock 
 
 Red Telephone 
 
 Tropical Ice Factory 
 
 Gibara and Holguin Railroad 
 
 11,000,000 
 
 5, 000, 000 
 
 320, 000 
 
 7, 720, 000 
 
 6, 000, 000 
 
 8, 000, 000 
 
 3, 000, 000 
 
 5, 000, 000 
 
 4, 500, 000 
 
 340, 000 
 
 270, 000 
 
 625, 000 
 
 400, 000 
 
 Per cent. 
 8 
 6 
 
 4 
 6 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 5^ 
 
 117 
 
 75 
 
 203 
 
 145 
 
 172 
 
 150 
 
 122 
 
 66 
 
 85 
 
 28 
 
 115 
 
 20 
 
CHAPTER XII. 
 
 MEANS OF COMMUNICATION. 
 
 INTERIOR COMMUNICATION. 
 
 Cuba was the second country in America to operate a steam road, 
 being in this direction eleven years in advance of the mother country, 
 Spain. 
 
 The first Cuban railroad was opened to traffic on November 19, 
 1837. It was built under the auspices of the Junta de fomento de 
 la Habana (improvement board of Habana) and was known as the 
 Caminos de Hierro de la Habana (Railroads of Habana). 
 
 This road had an extension of about 45 miles, communicating the 
 capital with the town of Guines, and is at present a part of the sj^stem 
 of the United Railways of Habana. 
 
 Four years later it was sold by the Government to a corporation, 
 and this fact served to encourage others. 
 
 The spirit of enterprise being thus stimulated, the first sections of 
 the principal lines now in operation were soon constructed, and these 
 furnished outlets for agricultural products to the most important ports 
 of the island. 
 
 In the year 1898 the principal railroads of Cuba were the following: 
 
 Kilometers. 
 
 United Railways of Habana 377. 89 
 
 Western Railway of Habana 176. 99 
 
 Marianao and Habana Railway 14. 48 
 
 Matanzas Railways 289. 62 
 
 United Railways of Cardenas and Jucaro 337. 89 
 
 Sagua la Grande Railway 157. 68 
 
 Cienf uegos and A^'illaclara Railway 110. 36 
 
 Caibarien Railway 90. 10 
 
 Total 1,505.01 
 
 The following railroads also existed : Tunas to Sancti Spiritus, San- 
 tiago de Cuba, Guantanamo, and Gibara to Holguin, with a length 
 varying from 32 to 77 kilouieters, and the military road from Jucaro 
 to Moron, which was also opened to the public. 
 
 In addition to the above there were many private railroads, which 
 had been constructed in the twenty years previous, to connect the 
 
 243 
 
244 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 plantations with the trunk lines, and although the length of these 
 roads seldom exceeded 5 or 6 kilometers, the aggregated mileage was 
 considerable and represented an important percentage of the total. 
 
 At the close of the Spanish-American war the Habana Electric 
 Railway Company (incorporated in the United States) acquired, b}^ 
 purchase, the concession granted many years before to the Compania 
 del Ferrocarril Urbano y Omnibus de la Habana, for the operation of 
 street railwaj^ lines in the capital city. 
 
 The Compania del Ferrocarril Urbano y Omnibus de la Habana had 
 limited its efforts to the establishment of five lines of street cars, 
 drawn by animal traction, but as soon as the Habana Electric Railway 
 Company took charge of the enterprise a complete and efficient elec- 
 tric-car system was introduced. New lines were cpnstructed, modern 
 vehicles imported, and when other improvements contemplated b}^ the 
 company are completed Habana will possess as good a system of 
 public conveyances as could be desired. The aggregate mileage of 
 these lines when completed will be 3,648.22 miles of single track. 
 The cost of the improvements has been estimated at $4,233,786. The 
 gross receipts of the company for the year ending June 30, 1904, was 
 $1,161,295, United States currency. 
 
 The length of the trunk lines and branches of public railroads on 
 June 30, 1903, was as follows: 
 
 Kilometers. 
 
 United Eailways of Habana 377. 89 
 
 Cuban Central Railways 384.33 
 
 United Railways of Cardenas and Jucaro " 338. 91 
 
 Matanzas Railroad 275. 34 
 
 Western Railways of Habana 178. 50 
 
 Camaguey and Nuevitas Railroad 73. 01 
 
 Santiago de Cuba Railroad 50. 95 
 
 Tunas and Sancti Spiritus Railroad 38. 63 
 
 Guantanamo Railroad 36. 42 
 
 Gibara and Holguin Railroad 31. 45 
 
 Marianao and Habana Railway 13. 03 
 
 The Cuban Electric Company 24. 26 
 
 The Cuba Railroad Company 541. 00 
 
 Caracas Plantation Railroad 64. 00 
 
 Total '. 2,371.74 
 
 Subsequently and up to the present writing some 40 kilometers of 
 road have been opened to the public. Of these, 33 kilometers are 
 owned by the Eastern Railroad Company and 7 by the Insular Rail- 
 road Compan3^ It can therefore be said that the total railroad mile- 
 age of Cuba aggregates 2,412 kilometers. 
 
 The 541 kilometers belonging to the Cuba company's road repre- 
 sent an increase of 35 per cent, and this is a demonstration of the pro- 
 gress made in thi« direction b}^ Cuba during the four years she has 
 been free from European domination. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 245 
 
 The completion of the central line ol' railroad, which bj' connections 
 with other lines communicates Habana with Santiago de Cuba, marks 
 the realization of a long-felt commercial want and the attainment of a 
 political end of the greatest importance. 
 
 To Sir William Van Horne, president of the Cuba company, and 
 the builder of the Canadian Pacific Railroad, the Republic is indebted 
 for this great accomplishment. 
 
 Said Mr. Robert B. Porter, special commissioner appointed by 
 President McKinley in 1808 to visit the island and investigate and 
 report on her industrial, commercial, and financial conditions, in 
 dealing with the question of railroads — 
 
 No revolution could have existed in Cuba if such a railroad had been completed by 
 the former Government, and nothing will so rapidly tend to the revival of commerce 
 and general business as the facility for quick passage from one end of the island to 
 the other, and from the trunk line over branches to the seaboard cities. All political 
 turbulence will be quieted thereby and prevented in the future. The entire country 
 will be opened to commerce, lands now practically of no value and unproductive 
 will be worked, the seaport towns will become active, and commerce between the 
 island and the United States will soon be restored to the former figures. 
 
 In mileage, the Cuba Railroad Company is the greatest in operation 
 in the island, its lines extending from Santa Clara to San Luis, a dis- 
 tance of 321 miles, at which point it connects with the Santiago Rail- 
 road, running to Santiago de Cuba, a distance of 33 miles, and which 
 is under control of the Cuba Company. 
 
 The work of construction of a branch line to Sancti Spiritus (a dis- 
 tance of 11 kilometers) has just been completed. The Cuba Railroad 
 is also building a branch line (1:9 kilometers in extension) from Alto 
 Cedro to Nipe Bay, at which place it connects with the main line. 
 
 The beneficial influence the Cuba Company's roads are called to 
 exercise on the agricultural development of certain sections of the 
 country is great. There are in Puerto Principe alone hundreds of 
 thousands of acres of virgin land of unsurpassed richness, which will, 
 when properly cultivated, make of that Province one of the most 
 important sugar-producing centers of the island. 
 
 The existence of this "backbone^ railway," as it is aptl}^ termed, 
 with its feeders to the north and south coasts, will further enable the 
 marketing of many millions of feet of valuable woods, such as mahog- 
 an}'^, cedar, majagua, and others, which could not be previousl}^ gotten 
 out at a profit. 
 
 The promoters of this companj^ contemplated the building of a cit}' 
 on Nipe Bay, which thej^ hoped to make one of the most important in 
 Cuba, and also the establishment of colonies, sugar plantations, steam- 
 ship lines from Nipe to New York and other ports in the United States, 
 and the erection of modern hotels at Habana and in cities on their 
 line. 
 
 Owing to circumstances of the moment these projects have had to 
 
246 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 be temporarily delayed, but it is to be hoped, and there is every reason 
 to believe, that they have not been abandoned. 
 
 The aggregate mileage of this road, including its man}^ branch lines, 
 will be, when completed, approximately 1,000 miles. 
 
 For over half a century a system of this kind had been talked of by 
 foreign capitalists; but it was not until Sir William Van Home formed 
 the Cuba Company, which is an American corporation, that this great 
 agency for developing the interior resources of the island was provided. 
 
 The difficulties in construction arose from the inability to secure a 
 governmental franchise. The outright purchase of a private right of 
 way consequentl}^ became necessary. 
 
 For a time a working force of 6,000 men was employed, and at cer- 
 tain portions of the route the line was carried forward at considerably 
 more than a mile a day. 
 
 The tracks are of standard gauge, the bridges of steel and masonry, 
 and the equipment of the entire road is thoroughly modern. 
 
 Owing to the rapidity with which this road was built and to the lack 
 of proper ballasting in man}^ sections of the line, trains did not run 
 at night for a time, passengers being compelled to lay over at Santa 
 Clara and Camaguey. Under these circumstances the trip from 
 Habana to Santiago de Cuba occupied three days. 
 
 But this condition does not exist any longer. The run being now 
 a continuous one, trains leave Santiago de Cuba for Habana ever}- 
 Monday, Wednesday, and Fridaj^ and arrive in that cit}^ from Habana 
 every Tuesda}^, Thursday, and Saturday. All these trains carrj^ mail 
 and passengers. The passenger rate is: First class, $24; second class, 
 112. 
 
 The trains have been equipped with sleeping cars, mostlj^ built in 
 the United States, and these are provided with cane seats, necessary 
 owing to the climate, and with all other modern appurtenances. 
 
 Next in importance to this central line, and the second system in 
 length in the island, is the United Railways of Habana (an English 
 corporation) with a mileage of 377.89 kilometers. 
 
 One of the several lines operated ])y this company extends from 
 Habana to Batabano, a distance of about 36 miles, and runs through 
 a well-cultivated country, devoted to the raising of tobacco, vegetables, 
 and sugar cane. 
 
 Batabano is a port on the south coast of the island and the center 
 of the sponge industry of Cuba. 
 
 Another line branches off from the above at Rincon and runs west, 
 through a rich tobacco countr}', to Guanajay, a city of 7,000 inhab- 
 itants, distant 35 miles from Habana, with which it is also connected 
 by a splendid and well-kept macadam road. 
 
 There is still another line running from San Felipe (on the Habana- 
 Batabano line) to the city of Guines, which has a population of over 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 247 
 
 8,000 inhabitants and is the center of a well-cultivated district, mainly 
 dedicated to the raising of rice, potatoes, and other vegetables. This 
 line extends to the town of Union de Reyes, where connection is 
 made with the Matanzas Railroad line. 
 
 The terminal of the United Railways of Habana system is at Regla, 
 a town just across the bay from Habana. Its principal line extends 
 from this point, through the Province of Matanzas, to Jovellanos, a 
 town of about 5,000 inhabitants, on the line of the Cardenas and 
 Jucaro Railroad, distant 88i miles from Habana. 
 
 The Western Railway of Habana, another English corporation, com- 
 municates the capital city with the town of Pinar del Rio, capital of 
 the Province of that name, and it extends through the famous tobacco 
 region of Vuelta Abajo, where the most renowned plantations of this 
 kind in the world are located. 
 
 The city of Pinar del Rio has a population of 9,000 inhabitants and 
 is 109i miles from Habana. 
 
 The road, after running through a good sugar and tobacco country, 
 in the Province of Habana, enters the Province of Pinar del Rio, where 
 it passes through a number of intermediate towns of some importance. 
 
 This compan}^ have a concession to extend their line to Guanes, and 
 have just opened to traffic a branch line running between Pinar del 
 Rio and San Luis, a distance of about 18 miles, and have just com- 
 pleted the extension between San Luis and San Juan y Martinez, a 
 distance of about 10 miles. 
 
 The Marianao Railroad (also an English corporation) is a suburban 
 road, extending from Habana to the city of^Marianao, and thence to 
 the beach of that name, a celebrated bathing resort, 9 miles from 
 Habana. 
 
 The Matanzas Railroad (a Spanish-Cuban corporation) has its ter- 
 minal at the city of Matanzas, and runs south and east through a rich 
 cane-growing district, to Cumanayagua, a town on the Cardenas and 
 Jucaro Railroad, distant 85 miles from Matanzas. It also operates a 
 line from Montalvo, through a sugar-cane growing district, to Murga, 
 on the south coast, a distance of 29 miles. 
 
 The Matanzas Railroad also owns several small branch lines con- 
 necting the most important sugar plantations in that Province with 
 the trunk line of the company, which facilitates the marketing of 
 many thousands of tons of sugar. 
 
 The Cardenas and Jucaro Railroad (a Cuban corporation) was organ- 
 ized in 185T and has a capital stock of $8,000,000, held in Cuba and 
 Spain, principally in Cuba. This company has no bonded debt and is 
 in a very prosperous condition. 
 
 The mileage of the road is 206, and it is about to build a small 
 extension to the city of Cienfuegos, on the southern coast of the 
 Province of Santa Clara. 
 
248 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 This company operates four lines, which traverse one of the richest 
 sugar-growing sections of the island, its two main lines extending 
 from the city of Cardenas, on the north, to Santo Domingo, and from 
 Cardenas to Yaguaramas. 
 
 As in the case of the Matanzas Railroad, the trunk line of this 
 company is connected by small branch lines with the plantations. 
 
 The Cuban Central Railways, Limited (an English corporation), 
 chartered in 1899, operates five lines, the principal two extending 
 from Cienfuegos to Santa Clara, capital of the Province of the same 
 name, and from Isabela de Sagua to Las Cruces, passing through the 
 town of Sagua la Grande. Its many line branches connect some of 
 the principal towns in the Province of Santa Clara and extend through 
 the greater portion of the most important sugar-producing region 
 of the island. 
 
 The aggregate mileage of its lines is 186 miles. 
 
 The Jucaro-San Fernando Railroad, commonly known as the " Jucaro- 
 Moron" line, which was built by the Spaniards as a military road, 
 extending along the " Jucaro-Moron trocha," was formerly lined with 
 small forts and blockhouses intended to prevent the crossing of the 
 Cuban revolutionists between the Provinces of Camaguey and Santa 
 Clara. It extends from Jucaro, a port in the southwestern part of 
 the Province of Camaguey, to Estero, 40 miles distant, on the north 
 co^st, 4 miles north of the town of Moron. 
 
 This road is at present leased to a private corporation and connects 
 with the Cuba Railroad, which it intersects at Ciego de Avila. 
 
 The Puerto Principe is^ Nuevitas Railroad, in operation since 1851, 
 communicates the city of Nuevitas, a seaport on the north coast of 
 the Province of Camaguey, with the cit}'^ of Camaguey, capital of the 
 Province, distant 40 miles. 
 
 The company is a close corporation, its capital of $1,000,000 being 
 held )\y eight shareholders. Their last published report for the fiscal 
 year ending June 30, 1900, showed earnings of $292,442.42, with 
 operating expenses of $191,120.33. The compan}^ has no bonded debt 
 and the stock is owned b}^ residents of Puerto Principe. 
 
 The line intersects the Cuba Railroad at Camaguey. 
 
 The Tunas and Sancti Spiritus Railroad, extending from the port of 
 Tunas de Zaza, in the southern part of the Province of Santa Clai'a, to 
 the city of Sancti Spiritus, a distance of 24i miles, is a private corpora- 
 tion belonging to the Del Valle famil3\ 
 
 The Gibara and Holguin Railroad runs from the port of Gibara, on 
 the northwestern coast of the Province of Oriente to the city of 
 Holguin, a distance of 20 miles. 
 
 It was opened to traffic in 1885, and its last published report in 
 1900 showed earnings of about $2,000. 
 
 The Santiago Railroad extends from the cit}^ of Santiago de Cuba, 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 249 
 
 capital of the Province, to San Luis. It covers a distance of 26 miles, 
 and owns a branch line, 7 miles in extension. 
 
 This railroad is now controlled by the Cuba Company and is the 
 southeastern terminus of its s^^stem. 
 
 The Guantanamo Railroad extends from Caimanera, the seaport of 
 the city of Guantanamo, through this city to the town of Jamaica, a 
 distance of 19 miles, and also operates a small branch line 3f miles in 
 extension. 
 
 This line, which was opened to traffic in January, 1858, runs through 
 a rich sugar-producing country. 
 
 Its principal stockholdei's are a family of Santiago de Cuba. 
 
 The Insular Railwa}^ Company (an American corporation) has just 
 built an electric car line from Habana to Marianao. This line, when 
 completed, will run as far as Mariel, distant about 31 miles. 
 
 The Insular Railway Company has also a concession to construct 
 two more lines from Habana to two other cities in the Province. This 
 company has leased the omnibus line operating throughout the citj^ of 
 Habana and along mam^ of the subui'ban roads. 
 
 The Cuba Eastern Railroad (also an American corporation) is activel}'^ 
 prosecuting work on its line from the Bay of Guantanamo, through SI 
 sugar-producing country, to a large tract of hard woods, 18 miles 
 distant. 
 
 This company also^ proposes the extension of its line to the Bay of 
 Nipe, and the building of another line to Baracoa. 
 
 This latter will prove of the greatest importance, as Baracoa is the 
 most important cocoanut and banana region in the island, having an 
 extensive trade with the United States. 
 
 The public railways of Cuba cost, with their equipment, about 
 $65,000,000, and their gross earnings, according to last Government 
 report, published in the earl}^ part of 1901, prior to the completion of 
 the Cuba Railroad, were $5,800,000, net earnings being $2,120,000. 
 
 Three of the most important railroads of Cuba are owned by British 
 capitalists. These three roads represent a capitalization of $31,500,000 
 out of a total, in 1900, of about $53,000,000. 
 
 The military government of intervention, desiring to obviate the 
 exclusive and independent system that up to that time each compan^^ 
 had adopted, caused a complete investigation to be made in the prem- 
 ises and, after mature examination, published, through Order No. 31, 
 series of 1902, a new railroad law, which, supplemented by Order 
 No. IIT, same series, tended to equalize matters appertaining to the 
 existing railroad companies, especially with reference to that part 
 relating to the tariffs of same, which was the main object of the second 
 or supplementary order. 
 
 Among the reforms thereby established there is one that has helped 
 in a larg'e measure to normalize and harmonize the working of the 
 
250 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 companies among themselves in tbeir relations with the Government 
 and the public in general, which reform consists in the creation of a 
 railroad commission, composed of the secretary of public works as 
 chairman, the secretary of agriculture, industry, and commerce, and 
 the secretary of finance, as commissioners, and a secretary to the board; 
 which commission is charged with the affairs relating to the manage- 
 ment of railroad companies in matters appertaining to the aforesaid 
 relations. 
 
 Messrs. Moseley and Decker, of the United States Interstate Com- 
 merce Commission, addressed the following interesting letter to the 
 Secretary of War of the United States, on March 24, 1902, which fully 
 explains the provisions of the new law: 
 
 Interstate Commerce Commission, Office op the Secretary, 
 
 Washington, March S4, 1902. 
 To the honorable the Secretary of War, 
 
 • Washington, D. 0. 
 
 Sir: At the request of General Wood, we went to Cuba to assist in the revision of 
 the railway laws of that island. With a desire to aid the Government in every 
 possible way this was willingly done without compensation other than our actual 
 expenses. Upon our arrival General Wood, the military governor, was emphatic in 
 his desire that the law should be revised in such manner that full protection would 
 be given to the public, the shipper, and other patrons of the road, and yet no undue 
 hardship imposed upon the railway corporation, and also that the employees of the 
 railroads should be recognized to the extent that regulations governing their employ- 
 ment should be subject to revision and approval by the board of railroad commis- 
 sioners only after the railroad employees or their representatives had had full 
 opportunity to be heard. With this end in view the railway law of Cuba, as put in 
 "force February 22, 1902, was drafted, as stated in the order of the military governor, 
 for the purpose of harmonizing, consolidating, unifying, and reforming the provisions 
 of law in force in the island as to the organization, administration, operation, and 
 dissolution of railway companies. 
 
 It was especially necessary to reform the methods of railway organization or 
 incorporations, the registration of titles, and proceedings in condemnation of property 
 for railway use, as well as the laws applicable to railway construction, operation, 
 and regulation. Under the old statutes all railroad matters were transacted through 
 the department under the control of the secretary of public works. Under the 
 present statutes these matters are under the jurisdiction of three officials — the seci-e- 
 taries of public works, of finance, and of agriculture, commerce, and industrj' — tlie 
 ))oard being known as the railroad commissipn. 
 
 In regard to regulation, some of the former requirements are understood to liave 
 been too stringent. At any rate, in their construction by the public officials and 
 the courts and in their application they had been adjusted to an order of things 
 which passed away with Spanish sovereignty. The railway situation in general 
 demanded a new system of railway law, modeled as nearly as may be after the 
 modern railway statutes and railway usages of other countries, including those of 
 the United States, England, and Canada. The result is that Cuba now has a railway 
 law well adapted to its requirements and well calculated to jiromote the commercial 
 progress of which it stands in such great need. It is not understood that any 
 franchises or concessions are granted by the new law, and in framing the statute the 
 aim has been to properly safeguard the interests of capital represented in new 
 railway enterprises as well as to establish a plain, effective, and just system of railway 
 regulation. 
 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 251 
 
 The railway comi^anies arc required to iniblisli their maximum tariffs of rates, but 
 they are not compelled to i)nbli8h the actual rates below the maximum tariff charges 
 whith they may put in force. A requirement to publish the actual rates was not 
 inserted in the law, for the reason that the conditions in Cuba were not believed to 
 warrant such a provision at this time. One main consideration in tiiis respect was 
 that the sugar traffic is transported largely by the railroads under special contracts 
 with the planters, covering the working of numerous private lines upon and from 
 the plantations, and connecting with the lines of the public carriers, and also con- 
 taining provisions applicable to particular sections served by the several carriers. A 
 measure of publicity, however, is provided, in that, under the law, it is the duty of 
 every railroad company to furnish the commission with copies of their contracts, 
 and to make known to every person upon demand any special rates, rebate, draw- 
 back, or concession given to anyone. The commission may give publicity to such 
 information or contracts if in its judgment the public interests require it and the 
 welfare of the railroad companies would not be thereby injuriously affected. While 
 it might well be said that a requirement in the statute for the publication of the 
 actual rates would not prevent adjustment of the rates according to conditions in 
 different localities, the aim of such a provision is always to insure observance of the 
 published tayff for the time it may be in force, and to that extent, if no other, it 
 would prevent concessions to the planters and establish a reversal of present condi- 
 tions which might injure the sugar industry. Undoubtedly such a requirement will 
 sooner or later be necessary, })ut it was not deemed wise to insist upon it at this time. 
 With that single exception the regulation provided in the railway law of Cuba is 
 believed to be the best that has yet been devised in any country. 
 
 As the law was first drafted the maximum tariffs and freight classification, after 
 having been approved by the commission, could not be changed under two years, 
 and although discrimination as between localities and different shippers under the 
 same circumstances was prohibited no means w^ere provided in the law for redressing 
 wrongs due to unreasonable rates, undue preferences, or unjust discrininations. 
 Plainly there would not be, with the law in that state, any protection to the public 
 for wrongs resulting from the application of actual rates imposed by the railroad 
 companies. This was cured by the insertion of a provision that, notwithstanding 
 the establishment of maximum tariffs of rates and the classification of freights, "it 
 shall be unlawful for any railroad company to charge or enforce any unreasonable 
 or unjust toll, rate, or classification of a particular kind of freight, or to make or give 
 any undue or unreasonable preference or advantage to any person, firm, company, 
 corporation, locality, or any particular description of traffic, or to subject any person, 
 firm, company, corporation, locality, or any particular description of traffic to any 
 undue or unreasonable prejudice or disadvantage in any respect whatsoever; and 
 whenever, upon complaint thereof by any interested party, the railroad commission 
 shall, after due hearing of all parties, of which not less than ten days' notice shall 
 be given, find an}^ such unlawful toll, rate, classification of a particular kind of 
 freight, preference, or prejudice to exist, such commission shall have authority to 
 order its discontinuance and to substitute in such order the rate, toll, classification, 
 or practice which shall upon the facts appear to be just and reasonable." 
 
 It is further jjrovided in the law in this connection that an appeal may be taken 
 from such order of the commission to the supreme court sitting as a court of admin- 
 istration, in the same manner and to the same effect as is provided for appeals from 
 all other orders of the commission, and that the order of the commission shall not 
 in any case be binding upon the railroad company for a longer period than six 
 months from the time it shall go into effect; but such order, limited in application to 
 six months, maj^ be reissued from time to time by the railroad commission for good 
 cause shown upon further comi)laint and due hearing, subject to the same right of 
 appeal. This is in the line of protection to the railroads, as is also a further provision 
 
252 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 that in all such cases due weight shall be given by the railroad commission to the 
 fair interests of the railwa_y company, as well as to those of the public and affected 
 shippers and communities. It is further provided that whenever wrongful prejudices 
 or disadvantages shall appear to result from comparison of rates or tolls charged by 
 one or more railroad companies the railroad commission shall have authority to 
 order an increase of the lower rate or a reduction of the higher rate, or both such 
 increase and reduction, as the circumstances and conditions and fair interests of the 
 parties may require. In all cases decided by the commission against a railroad com- 
 pany upon complaint the decision of the commission is to be considered as a decision 
 of the Government, and such decision must be defended and maintained by the 
 supreme court sitting as a court of administration, without expense to the party who 
 complained before the commission. This law is not only comprehensive in scope, 
 but minute in specification. There is regulation of railway employees as well as 
 railway companies, and the employees are entitled to be heard personally or by their 
 representatives before the commission in all matters affecting their rights in the 
 establishment and approval of the working class of railway companies. Stringent 
 provisions are also provided for the application of improved safety appliances to 
 railway equipment and for the reporting and investigation of all accidents, including 
 those to passengers and employees. 
 
 Under the provisions of this law a uniform classification has beei* prepared and 
 promulgated by the militar}^ governor, and a set of rules of practice before the rail- 
 road commission similar to those of the Interstate Commerce Commission has also 
 been put in force. With the submission of maximaim tariffs by the railway compa- 
 nies and the revision and approval of such tariffs by public authority, as required by 
 the law now in force, it is confidently believed that Cuba will have a complete and 
 thoroughly satisfactory system of railway organization, supervision, and regulation. 
 Your obedient servants, 
 
 Edw. a. Moseley. 
 
 Martin S. Decker. 
 
 Besides these public roads there are the private plantation roads, 
 the total length of which is 871 miles, and their value $11,309,692. 
 
 HIGHWAYS. 
 
 In this branch there has been great progress made in Cuba since 
 the advent of the Republican regime inaug-urated an era of prosperit}^, 
 encouraging the spirit of enterprise of the people. 
 
 The American intervention government devoted milch attention to 
 the building of roads and to the improvement of those already built. 
 
 Their worthj^ initiative has been followed by the Cubans, and the 
 result has been a complete and most wonderful change for the better 
 in the highwaj^s of the island. 
 
 Cuba, which in the year 1899, at the time of the withdrawal of the 
 Spanish Government, only possessed 256 kilometers of highway (138 in 
 the Province of Habana and 118 in Pinar del Rio), had on June 30, 1903, 
 more than 399 kilometers, which means that in the period of only four 
 years the Government has constructed highwaj'^s in the proportion of 
 more than 50 per cent as compared with the time previous to the inde- 
 pendence of the country. The Provinces of Matanzas, Santa Clara, 
 Camaguey, and Oriente, which were destitute of highways during the 
 Spanish domination, count to-day with several miles of well-constructed 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 253 
 
 roads, and those already existing in the provinces of Habana and 
 Pinar diel Kio have been greatly improved. 
 
 The following table gives a complete mileage of the highways now 
 existing in the six Provinces: 
 
 Kilometers. 
 
 Habana- . 33, 765 
 
 Pinar del Kio 14, 537 
 
 Matanzas 11, 000 
 
 Santa Clara 22, 370 
 
 Camaguey 7, 600 
 
 Oriente 54,161 
 
 Total 143,433 
 
 FOREIGN COMMUNICATION. 
 
 POSTAL SERVICE. 
 
 Among the many reforms introduced by the American military 
 government during the period of intervention and subsequently per- 
 fectioned by the Cuban authorities, none perhaps are so complete as 
 those of the postal service of the island. 
 
 The ancient and inadequate system in existence during the Spanish 
 administration has been radically reformed, and Cuba to-da}'^ possesses 
 a modern and efficient postal system, similar in many respects to that 
 of the United States. 
 
 One of the first innovations introduced by the American Govern- 
 ment was the establishment of two important branches, hitherto 
 unknown in the country, namely, the money order and parcels post 
 departments. 
 
 Post-offices were also established at those points where they had 
 been destroyed by the war; others were reorganized and the necessary 
 personnel appointed. The transportation service was also improved; 
 new routes and offices were established and the service perfected until 
 it was left on a self-supporting basis, ready to be transferred to the 
 Government of the Republic. 
 
 From that time the Cuban Government has followed in the lines 
 laid down by its predecessors, and at the present time there is daily 
 communication by mail from Pinar del Rio to Santiago de Cuba. 
 
 The number of post-offices in operation in Cuba on June 30, 1904, 
 was 387. 
 
 During the fiscal year 1902-3 the department of posts of the Repub- 
 lic handled the following number .of letters: 
 
 Domestic mail - - 11, 903, 891 
 
 Foreign Jiiail: 
 
 Forwarded 1 , 999, 093 
 
 Received - 8, 316, 692 
 
 In transit 366 
 
 Total 22,219,952 
 
254 
 
 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 During the last fiscal j^ear (1903-4) the department of posts of the 
 Republic handled the following number of letters: 
 
 Domestic mail 17,590,548 
 
 Foreign mail: 
 
 Forwarded 4,009,500 
 
 Received 6,062,868 
 
 In transit 317 
 
 Total 27,663,233 
 
 As is the case in the United States, letters and packages can be 
 registered by paying 8 cents over and above the cost of mailing; this 
 covers the return to the sender of a receipt signed by the addressee. 
 
 The following table shows the number of pieces of registered mail 
 handled during 1903 and 1904 as compared with 1901: 
 
 
 1901. 
 
 1903. 
 
 1904. 
 
 DOMESTIC. 
 
 64, 170 
 7,697 
 
 140, .536 
 14, 677 
 
 244, 124 
 
 Packages 
 
 16, 690 
 
 
 
 71,867 
 
 155,213 
 
 260,814 
 
 FOREIGN. 
 
 76, 117 
 • 7,090 
 
 104,354 
 8,402 
 
 97, 208 
 
 
 11 848 
 
 
 
 
 83,207 
 
 112, 756 
 
 109,056 
 
 OFFICIAL, FREE. 
 
 31,444 
 
 34, 432 
 
 59, 604 
 
 
 Total 
 
 186, 518 
 
 302,401 
 
 429,474 
 
 
 Increase in favor of 1903, 115,883, and in favor of 1904, 242,956. 
 Registered mail from foreign countries, 153,933 in 1903 and 177,600 in 1904. 
 
 The money-order system established in the Republic is operated on 
 the same basis as that existing in the United States; it furnishes easy, 
 rapid, and efficient service, and has been extended to the United States 
 and Canada. 
 
 Money-order transactions 1902-1904- 
 
 
 1902-3. 
 
 1903-4. 
 
 
 Number. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Fees. 
 
 Number. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Fees. 
 
 Domestic money orders 
 issued 
 
 Foreign money orders 
 issued 
 
 64, 710 
 32, 693 
 
 12, 015, 568. 49 
 658,361.98 
 
 18,390.81 
 3, 166. 46 
 
 81, 749 
 38, 392 
 
 12,201,321.36 
 672, 106. 91 
 
 S9, 693. 27 
 3, 423. 31 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 97, 403 
 
 2,673,930.47 
 
 11,557.27 
 
 120, 141 
 
 2, 873, 428. 27 
 
 13, 116. 58 
 
 
 
 The Government is contemplating to extend the money-order serv- 
 ice to several other countries, which will, it is expected, greatly benefit 
 and facilitate the relations of Cuba with the most important nations 
 of the world. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 255 
 
 Mail matter in the island is carried by steamship (-orapanics, rail- 
 roads, mounted postmen, and postal messengers, covering the following 
 distances on May 20, 1904: 
 
 Kilometers. 
 
 Railroads 2,292,636 
 
 Steamship companies 320, 421 
 
 Mounted postmen - 987, 992 
 
 Messengers 56, 428 
 
 Distance covered on May 20, 1904 3,657,477 
 
 Distance covered on May 20, 1902 2,480,481 
 
 Difference in favor of 1904 1,177,046 
 
 On April 30, 1906, the total amount covered by postal routes within 
 the territory of the Republic was 3,808,376 kilometers, which gives 
 still an increase over May 20, 1904. 
 
 Following is a list of the steamship lines now carrying the Cuban 
 mail: 
 
 Plant Line. — Between Habana and Tampa, Fla., three times a week. 
 Ward Line. — Direct steamers between Habana and New York, 
 twice a week; between Habana and Veracruz, once a week; between 
 Habana, Santiago de Cuba, and New York, twice a month. 
 
 Munson Line. — Irregular service between Cuban ports and the 
 United States. 
 
 Spanish Trans- Atlantic Line. — ^Between Habana and Spanish ports, 
 once a month; between Habana and Veracruz, once a month; between 
 Habana and South American ports, once a month; between Habana 
 and New York, twice a month. 
 
 French Trans- Atlantic Line. — Between Habana, Santander (Spain), 
 and St. Nazaire (France), once a month; between Habana and Vera- 
 cruz (Mexico), once a month. 
 
 Hamburg -American Line {German). — Between Habana and Vera- 
 cruz, once a month. 
 
 Sohrinos De ILerrera Line {subsidized Ouhan company). — Between 
 Cuban ports and Haiti and Puerto Rico, once a month. 
 
 EXPENSES. 
 
 The total expenses of the department of posts of Cuba during the 
 fiscal year of 1902-3 amounted to the sum of $416,351.64, and the 
 total receipts, including $392,388.37 for the sale of stamps, amounted 
 to $420,173.77, which leaves a balance of $3,822.13 in favor of the 
 treasury. 
 
 It is worthy of special notice that at the time of the advent of the 
 (^uban republican regime there existed a deficit in the department of 
 -posts, which, after great efi'orts and economy, was reduced to $44,803.33 
 during the fiscal year of 1901-2. One year later, as it has been shown, 
 this deficit had not only disappeared, but the department was in pros- 
 perous financial condition, leaving a surplus in favor of the treasury. 
 
256 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 STEAMSHIP COMMUNICATION. 
 
 Habana can best be reached from New York by Ward Line steam- 
 ers, sailing from that city Wednesda}'^ and Saturday of each weel^, if 
 an all-sea voyage is desired. These steamers arrive at Habana Mon- 
 day and Wednesday of each week, and sail for New York Tuesda}^ and 
 Saturday. 
 
 Ward Line steamers also leave Habana every Monday for Mexico. 
 
 If rail and water journey is desired, one of the following routes 
 should be selected: 
 
 Steamers sail from New Orleans (Southern Pacific) everj^ Saturday, 
 arrive at Habana on Monday, and return to New Orleans Tuesday. 
 The average length of the ocean voyage is 32 hours, to which must be 
 added 12 hours consumed in going up or down the Mississippi River. 
 
 The Peninsular and Occidental Steamship Company's steamers sail 
 f]om Tampa, Fla., Sundaj^, Tuesday, and Thursday nights of each 
 week, arriving in Habana Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday mornings, 
 and returning to Tampa at noon on the same days. The average length 
 of the sea voyage is 26 hours. This line has also a steamer between 
 Miami, Fla., and Habana, which sails on Wednesday and Saturday of 
 each week from Miami, and arrives here on Friday and Monday, leav- 
 ing for Miami the same day. 
 
 The Munson Steamship Company has a steamer from Mobile, Ala. , 
 which leaves that citj^ every Tuesday, arriving in Habana on Thursday, 
 and returning to Mobile on Friday of each week. The average time 
 of the voyage is 48 hours. 
 
 Steamers of the West Indian Company (Limited) — Dutch mail 
 steamers — sail from Copenhagen on the 30th of each month, stopping 
 at Antwerp, Belgium; Havre, France; and Corunna, Santander, and 
 Bilbao, Spain, arriving here 13 days after, sailing hence 2 days later 
 for Veracruz, Tampico, and Progreso, returning to Habana to sail for 
 Europe again on the 30th day of each month. 
 
 Steamers of theCompania Transatlantica Espaiiola — Spanish mail and 
 passenger steamers — sail from Bilbao, Corunna, Santander, Cadiz, and 
 Barcelona three times a month. These steamers go from Bilbao, 
 stopping at New York, on the 10th of each month; from Bilbao, stop- 
 ping at Corunna and Santander, on the 20th, and from Barcelona, Bil- 
 bao, Cadiz, and Genoa on the 30th; all arrive at Habana 15 days after 
 the date of sailing. The first steamer each month of this line goes to 
 Mexico; from Mexico to Central American ports; thence to Porto 
 Rico, the Canary Islands, Genoa, Malaga, Bilbao, Cadiz, and Barce- 
 lona. These steamers leave Habana on the 4th or 5th of each month. 
 The second steamer leaves Habana for Veracruz, Mexico, 2 days after" 
 arrival here, and returns to this port about 10 days thereafter, and 
 sails on the 20th of each month for Europe. The third steamer leaves 
 Habana two days after arrival for Mexico and South American ports, 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 257 
 
 and returns to sail from Habana on the 30th of each month for Bilbao, 
 via New York, Italian ports, and the Canary Islands. 
 
 The Hamburg-American Line has steamers leaving Hamburg on the 
 24th of each month, stopping at Antwerp and arriving at Habana on 
 the 14th to 16th of each month. From Habana they go to Mexico, 
 and return to leave Habana for Europe on the last of each month. 
 
 The North German Lloyd Company has steamers sailing from 
 Bremen on the 14th of each month, stopping at Antwerp, Corunna, 
 and Villagarcia, arriving at Habana on the 6th of the following month. 
 After discharging cargo for Habana they sail for Matanzas, Cardenas, 
 Sagua, Mauzanillo, Santiago de Cuba, and Cienfuegos, and then return 
 to Habana, whence the}^ sail on the 2d to the 5th of every month for 
 Bremen, stopping at Villagarcia, Corunna, and Antwerp. 
 
 The Herrera Steamship Line has steamers between Habana and 
 Porto Rico. Steamers sail on the 10th or 11th of each month for Nue- 
 vitas, Pureto Padre, Gibara, Baracoa, Guantanamo, Santiago de Cuba, 
 Santo Domingo, San Pedro de Macoris, Ponce, Maj'aguez, and San 
 Juan, Porto Rico, returning to Habana on the 1st or 2d of the follow- 
 ing month. 
 
 A. Folch & Co. have steamers sailing on the 14th or 15th of each 
 month from Barcelona, touching at Valencia, Alicante, Malaga, Cadiz, 
 Vigo, and Corunna. Leaving Corunna about the 28th or 30th of each 
 month these steamers arrive at Habana on or about the 14th, and sail 
 about a week thereafter for Santiago de Cuba and Cienfuegos, and 
 thence to New Orleans. If there are passengers for Spain the steamers 
 return to Habana, and then sail direct for Barcelona, Spain. 
 
 The Norton Steamship Line has steamers between Buenos Ayres, 
 Argentina, and Cuba. Steamers sail from Buenos Ayres on the 25th 
 of every month, arriving at Habana 23 days after date of sailing, and 
 leaving Habana 3 days after arrival for New York, returning after 3 
 days' stay to Buenos Ayres via Montevideo. 
 
 The Compafiia General Transatlantica de Vapores Correos Franceses 
 has steamers leaving St. Nazaire every month, touching at Corunna 
 and Santander about the 24th or 23th, arriving at Habana on the 5th, 
 and sailing the day after arrival here for Veracruz, Mexico. Return- 
 ing about 10 days later to Habana, they sail on the 15th for Santan- 
 der, Corunna, and St. Nazaire. 
 
 Steamers of the Pinillos Yzquierdo & Co.'s Spanish Transatlantic 
 Steamship Line leave Barcelona about the 29th of each month, touch- 
 ing at Palmas de Majorca, Valencia, Malaga, Cadiz, LasPalmas, Grand 
 Canary, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Santa Cruz de la Palma, Porto Rico, 
 and Santiago de Cuba. Arriving at Habana about a month after, they 
 sail for Matanzas, and thence to New Orleans. If there are passen- 
 gers from Habana for Spain the steamers return to Habana before sail- 
 ing for Spain; otherwise they sail from New Orleans direct for Spain. 
 169a— 05 17 
 
CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 INMIGRATION. 
 
 ^ LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 
 
 Immigration is one of the most necessar}'' elements for the industrial 
 development of Cuba. President Palma in a recent message said: 
 
 All the pecuniary sacrifices which the Government might make during a period of 
 years under a well-studied plan to promote and assure immigration by families would 
 be very productive to the nation and of great influence for the country, both socially 
 and morally. This matter is, therefore, one that by notorious importance deserves 
 immediate action so as to commence its realization without loss of time. 
 
 A law is being framed in accordance with these views, and very soon 
 this matter will receive the attention which it deserves when the fact 
 is considered that the population of the island does not reach 1,700,000 
 and it is able to bear 12,000,000. The following quotation from Mr. 
 Victor Clark as to the labor conditions of Cuba in 1902 are pertinent to 
 the question: 
 
 The real labor supply of Cuba, therefore, is inadequate to the needs of the island. 
 It does not permit the exploitation of resources already in sight; much less does it 
 afford a social motive for developing new industries. The intelligent people of the 
 island appreciate this condition. They have tried to remedy it by encouraging the 
 importation of labor from abroad. Now that their national aspirations appear to be 
 realized, they desire that this labor shall be composed, so far as possible, of perma- 
 nent settlers, who will become identified with Cuban sentiments and interests and 
 raise the prevailing standard of intelligence and citizenship. 
 
 Tradition and both social and economic ties point to Spain to supply this demand. 
 During the three years ending December 31, 1901, the total immigration into Cuba 
 was 69,420, of whom 54,410 were Spaniards, 1,926 were Chinese, and 13,084 came from 
 other countries. Ninety-eight per cent of the third-class immigrants are said to be 
 Spaniards. During the year 1901 the passengers of this class entering the island 
 numbered 16,091. This immigration, however, does not represent an equal increase 
 in the permanent population of Cuba, for many Galicians and Canary Islanders come 
 over each year for the harvest season and return to Spain as soon as the crop is 
 gathered. Their passage both ways costs about $40, and their net savings from a 
 season's work are in general slightly more than this sum. These workmen find 
 employment principally in the tobacco districts. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 259 
 
 Statistics for the year 1901 show that 22,894 immigrants entered the island, of 
 whom 17,330 were Spaniards, 756 Chinese, 781 Porto Ricans, and 650 Americans. 
 Among these there were 10,556 laborers, 2,374 mechanics, and 1,468 farmers. Of 
 the Spaniards alone, 14,808 were males and 2,522 females, 12,477 were not married, 
 6,363 were illiterate, and 5,577 had been in Cuba before; 10,336 had each less than 
 $30 in their possession upon entering the island. 
 
 Of the Spanish immigrants, the Galicians are the most numerous and, as a rule, 
 find employment as common laborers. Next in number are the Asturians, who 
 usually enter clerical service. Most of the Canary Islanders become field laborers 
 and small renters, though some find their way into mercantile pursuits. The Cata- 
 lans generally are skilled workmen and engage in mechanical employments. 
 
 About two-thirds of the total immigration is absorbed by the rural districts, and 
 nearly 30 per cent remains in Habana. Many of the latter class come to take posi- 
 tions already assured them by family connections or because of business relations 
 existing between commercial houses in Habana and Spain. Besides labor going to 
 the mining districts, several thousand immigrants have found employment in east- 
 ern Cuba during the past,year upon the construction crews of the Central Railway. 
 
 There is an official bureau of immigration at Habana which receives, inspects, and 
 quarantines all third-class immigrants. Those who come to the island for the first 
 time are given board and lodging by the Government for 20 cents a day until they 
 find employment. Employers are required to give security that they will furnish 
 necessary medical attendance and care to employees received through the bureau, so 
 that in case of illness the latter may not again become a charge upon the public 
 authorities. Special care is also taken of minors. The general policy of the Govern- 
 ment is to encourage and facilitate white immigration, especially of families and those 
 likely to remain as permanent residents of the island. 
 
 Immigration usually enters Cuba at Habana, and several causes have combined to 
 make that city a more congested labor market than other parts of the island. There 
 has been no railway or other convenient land communication with, the half of Cuba 
 that lies east of Santa Clara, and passage on the coast steamers is exceedingly costly. 
 Eastern Cuba is less developed than western Cuba. There is reported to be a greater 
 prejudice against Spaniards and other immigrants in that part of the island. The 
 cultivation and manufacture of tobacco is centered in the territory tributary to 
 Habana, and with its dependent industries affords the most immediate and conven- 
 ient source of cash income to new arrivals. Finally, the Spanish interests and their 
 various social and benefit societies have their headquarters at Habana. 
 
 The following table shows the number of immigrants of both sexes by countries 
 during 1902-3: 
 
 Nationality. 
 
 1902. 
 
 1903. 
 
 Nationality. 
 
 1902. 
 
 1903. 
 
 Spaniards 
 
 8,877 
 1,063 
 38S 
 232 
 222 
 171 
 145 
 
 14, 691 
 1,281 
 320 
 115 
 267 
 172 
 18 
 
 Mexicans 
 
 127 
 121 
 
 84 
 555 
 
 149 
 
 
 
 150 
 
 
 
 92 
 
 Syrians 
 
 Other countries 
 
 799 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 
 11,986 
 
 18, 054 
 
 Chinese 
 
 
 
 
 
 The immigrants under 14 years of age numbered 2,523; between the ages of 14 
 and 45, 8,809; 45 years or over, 654. Married immigrants numbered 3,377, and 
 8,609 were single. 
 
260 
 
 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 PASSENGERS. 
 
 A statement of passengers who arrived in and sailed from the different ports of 
 Cuba during the period from May 20 to December 31, 1902, is as follows: 
 
 Arrivals and departures, by countries. 
 
 
 
 Arrivals. 
 
 Departures. 
 
 Country. 
 
 Males. 
 
 Fe- 
 males. 
 
 Chil- 
 dren. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Males. 
 
 Fe- 
 males. 
 
 Chil- 
 dren. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 5,948 
 
 90 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 51 
 
 12 
 
 187 
 
 707 
 
 186 
 
 246 
 
 32 
 
 1,920 
 
 22 
 
 947 
 19 
 
 8,815 
 131 
 5 
 22 
 21 
 24 
 81 
 20 
 354 
 996 
 304 
 431 
 45 
 
 6,388 . 
 88 
 
 1,794 
 18 
 
 948 
 17 
 
 9 130 
 
 South America 
 
 123 
 
 
 
 BritislT West Indies 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 21 
 
 5 
 
 N 105 
 
 197 
 
 69 
 
 93 
 
 9 
 
 7 
 
 5' 
 
 9 
 3 
 62 
 92 
 49 
 92 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 36 
 
 38 
 
 8 
 
 281 
 
 3,203 
 
 . 239 
 
 142 
 
 13 
 
 1 
 
 5, 022 
 
 29 
 
 1 
 
 56 
 
 91 
 
 2 
 
 17 
 7 
 3 
 
 78 
 646 
 
 54 
 
 32 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 ie' 
 
 2 
 9 
 20 
 336 
 43 
 20 
 
 8 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 69 
 
 Haiti . . 
 
 47 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 379 
 
 
 4, 185 
 336 
 
 
 
 194 
 
 
 14 
 
 Austria 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 665 
 23 
 
 '"'465' 
 
 2 
 
 Spain and Canary Islands '. 
 
 5, 459 
 
 77 
 
 1,207 
 28 
 
 1,668 
 18 
 
 8,334 
 123 
 
 6, 152 
 64 
 
 Greece 
 
 
 1 
 
 England 
 
 38 
 60 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 4 
 
 54 
 68 
 
 14 
 
 7 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 73 
 
 Italy 
 
 37 
 
 
 2 ! 1 
 
 1 
 
 Sweden and Norway 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Switzerland. 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 China 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 13, 134 
 
 3,711 
 
 2,986 
 
 19,831 
 
 15,590 
 
 3,362 
 
 1,899 
 
 20, 851 
 
 
 Arrivals and departures by ports. 
 
 
 Arrivals. 
 
 Departures. 
 
 Port. 
 
 Males. 
 
 Fe- 
 males. 
 
 Chil- 
 dren. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Males. 
 
 Fe- 
 males. 
 
 Chil- 
 dren. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Baracoa 
 
 29 
 
 1 
 
 15 
 
 14 
 
 230 
 
 15 
 
 80 
 
 11,303 
 
 26 
 
 99 
 
 178 
 
 1,141 
 
 3 
 
 14 
 1 
 4 
 7 
 
 35 
 
 3 
 
 30 
 
 3,097 
 
 23 
 
 44 
 
 85 
 
 367 
 
 1 
 
 16 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 31 
 
 2,564 
 
 16 
 
 36 
 
 32 
 
 264 
 
 59 
 
 7 
 
 26 
 
 22 
 
 272 
 
 25 
 
 141 
 
 16,964 
 
 65 
 
 179 
 
 295 
 
 1,772 
 
 4 
 
 14 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 21 
 
 Batabano 
 
 
 Caibarien 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cardenas 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cienf uegos 
 
 94 
 
 14 
 
 2 
 
 110 
 
 Guantanamo 
 
 
 Gibara 
 
 17 
 
 13,890 
 
 8 
 
 164 
 
 96 
 
 1,307 
 
 8 
 
 2,980 
 
 1 
 
 68 
 
 24 
 
 264 
 
 18 
 
 1,708 
 
 2 
 
 13 
 
 13 
 
 139 
 
 43 
 
 
 18, 578 
 11 
 
 ManzaniDo . . 
 
 Matanzas 
 
 245 
 
 Nuevitas 
 
 Santiago 
 
 133 
 1,710 
 
 Tunas 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 13, 134 
 
 3,711 
 
 2,986 
 
 19, 831 
 
 15, 590 
 
 3,362 
 
 1,899 
 
 20, 851 
 
 
 During the year of 1904 there disembarked in Habana the follow- 
 ing number of persons, which is triple that of 1903: 
 
 Residents 11, 507 
 
 Tourists and transients 12, 979 
 
 Immigrants 25, 334 
 
 Total 51,820 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 261 
 
 The wages in 1903, in Spanish gold, for a day of ten hours, were as 
 follows : 
 
 Bookbinders $1.50 to 12.00 
 
 Carpenters 2.50 to 3.50 
 
 Laborers 1.25 
 
 Masons 2.00 to 2.50 
 
 Mechanics 2.00 to 3.00 
 
 Painters 2.00 
 
 Printers 2.00 to 2.50 
 
 Shoemakers 1.00 to 2.00 
 
 Tinsmiths 1.00 to 1.50 
 
 In addition thereto the wages paid on plantations are as follows. 
 The amounts given are the rates per month, and include maintenance. 
 
 Cartmen, plowmen, and field guards f 30 
 
 Cane cutters and cane loaders 25 
 
 Cane lifters 23 
 
 Teamsters , 15 
 
 The following military order of May 15, 1902, of the American 
 government of intervention, constitute the laws about the subject: 
 
 LAWS REGULATING IMMIGRATION. 
 
 Section I. All idiots, insane persons, paupers, or persons likely to become a public 
 charge; persons suffering from a loathsome or dangerous and contagious disease; 
 persons who have been convicted of a felony or other infamous crime or misdemeanor 
 involving moral turpitude; polygamists, or persons who are undergoing a sentence 
 for conviction in their own country of felonious crimes other than political or grow- 
 ing out of, or the result of, such political offenses, or whose sentence has been 
 remitted on condition of their migration ; and also any person whose ticket or passage 
 is paid for with the money of another or who is assisted by others to come, unless it 
 is affirmatively and satisfactorily shown on special inquiry that such person does not 
 belong to one of the foregoing excluded classes or to the class of contract laborers 
 described in the following sections, are excluded from admission into Cuba, and 
 upon arrival shall be sent back to the nations to which they belong and from whence 
 they came. Nothing under this paragraph shall be construed to apply to or exclude 
 any person convicted of a political offense, notwithstanding said political offense may 
 be designated as a felony, crime, infamous crime, or misdemeanor involving moral 
 turpitude by the laws of the land whence he came or by the court convicting him, 
 and in case that the secretary of finance shall be satisfied that an immigrant has been 
 allowed to land contrary to the prohibitions set forth in this law, he is authorized'to 
 cause such immigrant, within the period of one year after landing or entry, to be 
 taken into custody and returned to the country from whence he came at the expense 
 of the owner of the importing vessel. 
 
 The importation into Cuba of women for the purpose of prostitution is forbidden, 
 and all contracts and agreements in relation thereto made in advance or in pursu- 
 ance of such illegal importation and purposes are hereby declared void, and whoever 
 shall knowingly and willfully import or cause an importation of women into Cuba 
 for the purpose of prostitution, or shall knowingly or willfully hold or attempt to 
 hold anj^ woman to such purposes in pursuance of such illegal importation and con- 
 tract or agreement, shall be deemed guilty of a felony and on conviction thereof shall 
 be imprisoned not exceeding five years and pay a fine not exceeding $5,000. 
 
262 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Sec. II. Every vessel arriving in Cuba may be inspected under the direction of the 
 collector of the port at whiclr it arrives, if he shall have reason to believe that any 
 such obnoxious persons as hereinbefore referred to are on board, and the officer 
 making such inspection shall certify the result thereof to the master or other person 
 in charge of such vessel, designating in such certificate the person or persons, if any 
 there be, ascertained by him to be of either of the classes whose importation is for- 
 bidden. Such person or persons shall not be permitted to land except in obedience 
 to a judicial process issued pursuant to law. 
 
 If any person shall feel aggrieved by the certificate of said inspecting officer' stat- 
 ing him or her to be within either of the classes whose immigration is forbidden 
 and shall apply for release or other remedy to a court of first instance, then it shall 
 be the duty of the collector at said port of entry to detain said vessel until a hearing 
 and determination of the matter before said court is had (to the end that if the said 
 inspector shall be found to be in accordance with this section and sustained, the 
 obnoxious person or persons shall be returned on board of said vessel and shall not 
 thereafter be permitted to land), unless the master, owner, or consignee of the vessel 
 shall give bond as security, to be approved by the said court hearing the cause, in 
 the sum of $500 for each such person permitted to land, conditioned for the return 
 of such person within six months from the date thereof to the country whence his or 
 her immigration shall have taken place, if the inspector is sustained, or unless the 
 vessel bringing such obnoxious person or persons shall be forfeited, in which event 
 the proceeds of said forfeiture shall be paid over to the collector of the port of arrival 
 and applied by him, as far as necessary, to the return of such person or persons to 
 his or her own country, within the said period of six months. And for all violations 
 of this law the vessel, by the acts, omissions, or connivance of the owner, master, 
 or other custodian, or the consignees of which the same are committed, shall be 
 liable to forfeiture and may be proceeded against as in cases of frauds against the 
 revenue laws, for which forfeiture is prescribed by existing law. 
 
 Sec. III. It shall be unlawful for any person, any partnership, or corporation in 
 any manner whatsoever to prepay the transportation or in any waj^ assist or encoui'- 
 age the importation or migration of any alien or aliens and any foreigner or for- 
 eigners into Cuba under contract or agreement, parole or special, express or implied, 
 made previous to the importation or immigration of such alien or alifens, foreigner or 
 foreigners to perform labor or service of any kind in Cuba. 
 
 Sec. IV. All contracts or agreements, express or implied, parole or special, which 
 may hereafter be made by and between any persons, company, partnership, or cor- 
 poration and any foreigner or foreigners, alien or aliens, to perform labor or service, 
 or having reference to the performance of labor or service, by any person in Cuba 
 previous to the immigration or importation of the person or persons whose labor or 
 services is contracted for in Cuba shall be utterly void and of no effect for every vio- 
 lation of any of the provisions involved. The person, partnership, company, or cor- 
 poration violating the same by knowingly assisting, encouraging, or soliciting the 
 immigration or importation of any alien or aliens, foreigner t)r foreigners, into Cuba 
 to perform labor or service of any kind, under contract or agreement, express or 
 implied, parole or special, with such alien or aliens, foreigner or foreigners, previous 
 to becoming a resident or citizen of Cuba, shall forfeit and pay for every such offense 
 the sum of $1,000, which may be sued for and recovered by Cuba or by any person 
 who shall l»ring his action therefor, including any such alien or foreigner who may 
 be a party to any such contract or agreement, as debts of like amount '\\-hich are now 
 recovered in the courts of Cuba, the proceeds to be paid into the treasury of Cuba, 
 and separate suits may be brought for each alien or each foreigner lieing a party to 
 such contract or agreement as aforesaid, and it shall be the duty of the fiscal of the 
 proper audiencia to prosecute everj' such suit at the expense of Cuba. 
 
 The master of any vessel who shall knowingly bring into Cuba in such vessel, and 
 
^ HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 26B 
 
 land, or permit to be landed, from any foreign port or place, any alien, laborer, 
 mechanic, or artisarf who, previously to embarking on such vessel, had entered into 
 a contract or agreement, parole or special, express or implied, to perform labor or 
 service in Cuba, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction thereof 
 shall be punished by a fine of not more than |500 for each and every such alien, 
 laborer, mechanic, or artisan so brought as aforesaid, and may also be imprisoned 
 for a term of not exceeding six months. 
 
 Sec. V. Nothing in the foregoing provisions shall be so considered as to prevent 
 any citizen or subject of any foreign country, temporarily residing in Cuba, either in 
 private or official capacity, from engaging under contract or otherwise persons not 
 residents or citizens of Cuba to act as private secretaries, servants or domestics, for 
 such foreigner temporarily residing in Cuba as aforesaid; nor to ministers of any 
 religious denomination, nor to persons belonging to any recognized profession, nor 
 to professors for colleges and seminaries; nor shall these provisions be so construed 
 as to prevent any person or persons, partnership or corporation from engaging under 
 contract or agreement, skilled workmen in foreign countries, to perform labor in 
 Cuba, in or upon any new industry not at present established in Cuba, provided that 
 skilled labor for that purpose can not be otherwise obtained; nor shall the provisions 
 of these paragraphs apply to professional actors, lecturers, or singers, nor to persons 
 employed strictly as personal or domestic servants, provided that nothing in these 
 paragraphs shall be construed as prohibiting any individual from assisting any mem- 
 ber of his family from any foreign country to Cuba for the purposes of setttlement. 
 
 Sec. VI. It shall be deemed a violation of the foregoing paragraphs to assist or 
 encourage the importation or migration of any alien by promise of eiiiployment 
 through advertisements printed and published in any foreign country; and any alien 
 coming to this country in consequence of such advertisement shall be treated as com- 
 ing under contract as provided for in the foregoing paragraphs. 
 
 No steamship or "transportation company or owners of vessels shall directly or 
 through agents, either by writing, printing, or representation, solicit, notify or 
 encourage the immigration of any alien into Cuba except by ordinary commercial 
 letters, circulars, advertisements, or representations stating the sailings of their vessels 
 and the terms and facilities of transportation therein; and for the violation of 
 this provision any such steamship or transportation company and any such owners 
 of vessels and the agents by them employed shall be subjected to the penalties 
 imposed in paragraph second. Section IV of this law. 
 
 Sec. VII. None of the foregoing paragraphs shall apply to Chinese persons, the 
 immigration of whom is prohibited, and during such prohibition it shall not be 
 lawful for any Chinese laborer to come from any foreign port or place to Cuba. 
 m The master of any vessel who shall knowingly bring to Cuba on such vessel, and 
 land, or attempt to land, or permit to be landed, any Chinese laborer, meaning both 
 skilled and unskilled, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction thereof 
 shall be punished by a fine of not more than $500 for each and every such Chinese 
 laborer so brought into Cuba, and may also be imprisoned for a term not exceeding, 
 one year. 
 
 Any Chinese person found unlawfully within Cuba shall be caused to be removed 
 therefrom to the country whence he came, and at the cost of Cuba, after being 
 brought before some judicial officer or tribunal in Cuba and found to be one not law- 
 fully entitled to be or to remain in Cuba; and in all such cases the person who 
 brought or aided in bringing such person to Cuba shall be liable to the Government 
 of Cuba for all necessary expenses incurred in such investigation and removal, and 
 Cuba shall pay all costs and charges for the maintenance and return of any Chinese 
 persons having the certificate prescribed by law as entitling such Chinese person to 
 come into Cuba who may not have been permitted to land from any vessel by reason 
 of any of the foregoing provisions. 
 
264 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Sec. VIII. The prohilaition of importation of Chinese shall apply to all subjects 
 of China and Chinese, but shall not apply to diplomatic officers of the Chinese Gov- 
 ernment or other governments traveling upon the business of their government, 
 whose credentials shall be taken as an equivalent to a certificate which will be 
 required of merchants or other persons traveling for pleasure or business, and set- 
 ting forth such facts, as well as the character and estimated value of the business and 
 a description of said merchant or person. The secretaries, the body and household 
 servants of diplomatic officers of the Chinese Government or other government, trav- 
 eling upon the business of their Government, and Chinese laborers and merchants 
 who were in Cuba on April 14, 1899, and have since then continued to be residents 
 thereof, who may now reside therein or abroad and are able to establish their iden- 
 tity, are also exempted from the provisions applying to other Chinese persons. 
 
 IMMIGRATION REGUL.^TIONS FOR THE ISLAND OF CUBA. 
 
 Section I. The department of immigration of the island of Cuba shall be under 
 the charge of the department of finance, which is hereby charged with the duty of 
 executing and causing to be executed the provisions of the immigration laws and regu- 
 lations, and with supervision over the affairs of immigration of the island of Cuba. 
 
 The secretary of finance shall establish such regulations and rules and issue from 
 time to time such instructions, not inconsistent with the laws in force, as he shall 
 deem best directed to protecting the island of Cuba and immigrants into the island 
 of Cuba from fraud and loss, and for carrying out the provisions of the immigration 
 laws of the island of Cuba; -and he shall prescribe all forms of bonds, entries, and 
 other papers to be used under and in the enforcement of the various provisions of 
 the said laws. 
 
 Sec. II. Collectors of customs will collect a duty of $1 for each and every passenger 
 who shall come by steam or sail vessel, from any foreign port to any port of Cuba, 
 except citizens of the United States and residents or natives of said island of Cuba. 
 The said duty shall be paid to the collector of customs of the port to which such 
 passenger shall come, or if there be no collector at such port, then to the collector of 
 customs nearest thereto, by the master, owner, agent, or consignee of every such 
 vessel within twenty-four hours after the entry thereof into such port. The duty of 
 $1 imposed in this article shall be a lien upon the vessels which shall bring such 
 passengers into Cuba, and shall be a debt in favor of Cuba against the owner or 
 owners of such vessels, and the payment of such duty may be enforced by any legal 
 or equitable remedy. 
 
 Sec. III. All such moneys collected must be deposited and accounted for as pre- 
 scribed for customs collections in the customs regulations for ports in Cuba. 
 
 Sec. IV. Collectors of customs are charged, within their respective districts, with 
 the execution of the laws pertaining to immigration, and all importation of laborers 
 under contract or agreement to perform labor in Cuba. They will employ all cus- 
 toms immigration, and other officers assigned to them for duty, in the enforcement 
 of the immigration acts; and all such officers are hereby designated and authorized 
 to act as immigration officers. 
 
 Sec. V. Whenever it shall be necessary, in making the examination of immigrants, 
 to temporarily remove them from the vessel upon which they arrive to a desirable 
 place provided for the examination, such immigrants shall not be regarded as landed 
 so long as they are undergoing the examination and are in charge of the officers 
 whose duty it is to make such examination; and such removal shall not be con- 
 sidered a landing during the pendency of any question relating to such examination, 
 or while awaiting their return as provided by law. 
 
 Sec. VI. The collectors of customs shall enter of record the name of every immi- 
 grant found upon examination to be within either of the prohibited classes, with a 
 statement of the decision in each case, and at the same time give notice in writing to 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 265 
 
 the master, agent, consignee, ()r owner of the vessel upon which said immigrant 
 arrived, together with the grounds of refusal to land such immigrant, that said vessel 
 is required to return such immigrant to the port whence he came. 
 
 Sec. VII. The regular examination of immigrants under the special inquiry 
 required by these regulations will be separate from the public; but any immigrant 
 who is refused permission to land, or pending an appeal in his case, will be permitted 
 to confer with friends or counsel in such manner as the collector of customs may 
 deem proper. 
 
 Sec. VIII. Any immigrant claiming to be aggrieved by the decision of the inspec- 
 tion oflficers may appeal therefrom, and such appeal shall stay his deportation until 
 decision be had thereon. Such appeal shall be in writing, and shall specify the 
 grounds of appeal, and shall be presented to the . collector of customs, who shall at 
 once forward such appeal to the collector of customs for the island, with all the evi- 
 dence in the case and his views thereon. 
 
 Any inspector dissenting from a decision to admit an immigrant may appeal there- 
 from, which appeal shall be in writing and specify the grounds thereof, and shall 
 be forwarded by the collector of customs to the collector of customs for the island, in 
 like manner as in cases of an appeal by an immigrant. 
 
 Sec. IX. Upon a decision of the appeal the immigrant shall be at once landed or 
 deported in accordance with such decision, and, in case landing is refused, the 
 master, agent, consignee, or owner of the vessel by which the immigrant arrived 
 shall be notified of such decision by the collector of customs, and that the immigrant 
 will be placed on board said vessel, to be returned as aforesaid. 
 
 Sec. X. The expenses of keeping and maintenance of such immigrants as are 
 ordered to be returned pending the decision on their right to land and the subsequent 
 expenses for the keeping and maintenance of those ordered to be returned, and the 
 expense of their return, shall be borne by the owner or owners of the vessel on 
 which they came.. 
 
 Sec. XI. At least twenty-four hours before the sailing of the vessel upon which 
 the immigrants are ordered to be returned the master, agent, consignee, or owner 
 of such vessel shall notify the collector of customs of the proposed hour of sailing, 
 who shall, immediately preceding the sailing, place on board all immigrants to be 
 returned by said vessel as aforesaid, and in case any master, agent, consignee, or 
 owner of such vessel shall refuse to receive such immigrants on board, or shall neglect 
 to retain them thereon, or shall refuse or neglect to return them to the port from 
 which they came, or to pay the cost of their maintenance while on land, such master, 
 agent, consignee, or owner shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be 
 punished by a fine of not less than $300 for each and every offense, and any such 
 vessel shall not have clearance from any port of Cuba while any such fine is unpaid. 
 
 Sec. XII. No vessel bringing immigrants in the steerage, or in apartments other 
 than the first and second cabins, from ports where contagious or infectious diseases 
 are prevailing, shall be admitted to entry, unless it appear by the certificate of the 
 consular officer at such port that the said immigrants have been detained at the port 
 of embarkation at least five days under special medical observation in specially 
 designated barracks or houses set apart for their exclusive use, and that their cloth- 
 ing, baggage, and personal effects have been disinfected, before being placed on 
 board, by one of the following methods: 
 
 (o) Boiling in water not less than thirty minutes. 
 
 {b) Exposure to steam not less than thirty minutes, the steam to be of a tempera- 
 ture not less than 100° C. (212° F. ), nor greater than 115° C. (230° F. ), and unmixed 
 with air. 
 
 (c) Solution of carbolic acid of a 2 per cent strength. This method {c) may be 
 applied only to leather goods, such as trunks, satchels, boots, shoes; to rubber goods, 
 etc. , the articles to be saturated with the solution. 
 
266 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 (d) Articles that would be destroyed or injured when subjected to any of the 
 above methods may be disinfected by immersion in a solution of bichloride of mer- 
 cury, 1 part in 2,000, until all j)arts are thoroughly saturated, due precaution being 
 taken against mercurial poisoning. 
 
 The above restrictions will also be applied to vessels bringing immigrants from 
 noninfected ports but who come from infected localities. 
 
 Sec. XIII. There shall be delivered to the collector of customs at the port of 
 arrival, by the master or commanding officer of the vessel, lists or manifests, made 
 at the time and place of embarkation of such immigrants, which shall, in answer to 
 questions at the top of said lists or manifests, state as to each of said passengers: 
 
 (a) Full name. 
 
 {b) Age. 
 
 (o) Sex. 
 
 (d) Whether married or single. 
 
 (e) Calling or occupation. 
 
 (/) Whether able to read or write. 
 
 ( g) Nationality. 
 
 {h) Last residence. 
 
 ( i ) Seaport for landing in Cuba. 
 
 ( j) Final destination in Cuba. 
 
 (k) Whether having a ticket through to such final destination. 
 
 (?) Whether the immigrant has paid his own passage or whether it has been paid 
 by other persons or by any corporation, society, municipality, or govermnent. 
 
 {my Whether in possession of money; and if so, whether upward of |30 and how 
 much, if $30 or less. 
 
 (n) Whether going to join a relative; and if so, what relative, and his name and 
 address. 
 
 (o) Whether ever before in Cuba; and if so, when and where. 
 
 (p) Whether ever in prison or almshouse or supported by charity. 
 
 (q) Whether a polygamist. 
 
 (r) Whether under a contract, expressed or implied, to perform labor in Cuba. 
 
 (s) The immigrant's condition of health, mentally and physically, and whether 
 deformed or crippled; and if so, from what cause. 
 
 Sec. XIV. Said immigrants shall be listed in convenient groups and no one list or 
 manifest shall contain more than thirty names. There shall be delivered to each 
 immigrant or head of the family, prior to or at the time of embarkation, or at some 
 convenient time on the voyage before arrival as may be found most convenient, a 
 ticket on which shall be written his name and a number or letter designating the list 
 and his number on the list, for convenience of identification on arrival. Each list or 
 manifest shall be verified by the signature and the oath or affirmation of the master 
 or commanding officer, or of the officer, first or second, below him in command, and 
 of the surgeon of said vessel or other medical officer; therefore the above affidavits 
 must be attached to each list or manifest, which lists or manifests must be kept 
 separate and not fastened together. 
 
 In case there is a surgeon sailing with the vessel, that officer must sign and verify 
 each list or manifest and the verification by another surgeon will not be in compli- 
 ance with the law. 
 
 Sec. XV. In case of the failure of said master or commanding officer of said vessel 
 to deliver to the said collector of customs lists. or manifests, verified as aforesaid, 
 containing the information above required as to all immigrants on board, there shall 
 be paid to the collector of customs at the port of arrival the sum of ten dollai'S, for 
 each immigrant qualified to enter Cuba, concerning whom the above information is 
 not contained in any list as aforesaid, or said iimnigrant shall not be permitted so to 
 enter Cuba, but shall ))e returned like other excluded persons. 
 
 Leonard Wood, Military Governor. 
 
CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN CUBA— LAWS AND REGULATIONS- 
 SCHOOL SYSTEMS IN THE REPUBLIC, ETC. 
 
 Education in Spain, as elsewhere in Europe before the nineteenth 
 century, was confined almost exclusivel}'^ to the children of those who 
 could pay for it, public and free schools being but very little known. 
 In Cuba, as in all the other Spanish possessions, public instruction was 
 practically ignored. 
 
 Mr, Robert L. Packard, in his luminous report to the Commis- 
 sioner of Education of the United States, says: 
 
 Even ill Habana, up to the beginning of the last century, there were no public 
 elementary schools, and the need of them became so evident that by the munificence 
 of a citizen (Garab'allo), the Bethlehemite fathers opened a school where reading, 
 writing, and arithmetic were taught, which was attended by 200 pupils. In Villa 
 Clara a school was in existence since the foundation of the town in 1689. In 1712 
 the philanthropic Don Juan Conyedo, of Eemedios, opened a free school there, and 
 another, in 1757, at Carmen. Another was opened at Arriaga in 1759, but on the 
 death of Conyedo these schools were closed. Don Juan Felix de Moya reopened 
 that at Carmen, and the municipality, in 1775, voted $25 a year for the support of 
 the other; but both ceased to operate definitely in 1787. In 1771 Matanzas, seventy- 
 eight years after its foundation, authorized its governor to engage a school-teacher in 
 Habana. Ventosa, a philanthropist, bequeathed several butcher shops to the muni- 
 cipality to defray, with their products, the expenses for a public school for boys. 
 
 Nor were secondary studies of a high character in the last century. Then, and 
 subsequently, too, as the historian Bachiller, quoted by Mitjans, remarks, more 
 attention was paid to the pretentious form than the substance, and the title of 
 academy or institute was given to institutions which were hardly more than primary 
 schools, which held out inducements of a speedy preparation for the university. At 
 that time, it should be remembered, the natural sciences had not reached the 
 importance they subsequently attained, and the study of philosophy required the 
 royal permission, so that secondary instruction was reduced to a superficial study of 
 the humanities, especially Latin, which occupied the leading place on account of its 
 use in fitting for the university and because teachers of Latin were easily found 
 Smong the clergy, who were the principal factors of education at that period. All 
 this may be said without detracting from the pi-aise worth j^ efforts and antiquity of 
 some institutions like the Chapter of Habana, which in 1603, convinced of the need 
 of a teacher of grammar, voted 100 ducats for the support of one who should teach 
 Latin ; but as the plan did not meet with the royal approbation they were obliged 
 
 267 
 
268 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 to drop the project, only to revive it afterwards with a larget salary. In the same 
 year the municipality provided for continuing classes in grammar by a monk of the 
 convent, which had been suspended. In 1607 Bishop Juan de las Cabezas Altamirano 
 founded the Tridentine Seminary, the citizens offering to pay part of the expenses 
 annually. The secular clergy also gave lessons in Latin and morals, as Conyedo did, 
 who prepared students for the priesthood in Villa Clara, and later, Father Antonio 
 Perez de Corcho, who gave lectures in philosophy in the monastery of his order. 
 By the bull of Adrian VI of April 28, 1522, the Scholatria was established at Santiago 
 de Cuba for giving instruction in Latin, and by his will, dated May 15, 1571, Capt. 
 Francisco de Paradas left a considerable sum for the foundation of a school in 
 Bayamo, which in 1720 was intrusted to the charge of two monks of Santo Domingo, 
 in whose hands the estate increased. In 1689 the College of San Ambrosio was 
 established in Habana with 12 scholarships for the purpose of preparing young men 
 for the church, but it did not fulfill its purpose, and subsequently received the severe 
 censure of Bishop Hechavarria Yelgueza on account of its defective education, which 
 had become reduced to Latin and singing. Father Jose Maria Peflalver opened a 
 chair of eloquence and literature in the Convent of J^a Merced in 1788, which also 
 was not a success. 
 
 After these attempts the foundation of a Jesuit college in Habana gave a new 
 impulse to education. From the first, according to the historian Arriete, quoted by 
 Mitjans, the priests of this order had observed the inclination of the inhabitants of 
 Habana toward education, and Pezuela states in his History of Cuba that the 
 municipality in 1656 wished to establish a college of the order, but the differences 
 between the Jesuits and the prelates in the other colonies had been so frequent that 
 the bishops and priests in Habana opposed the plan. But as the population 
 increased, the demands for the college multiplied, and in 1717 a citizen of Habana, 
 Don Gregorio Diaz Angel, contributed |40,000 in funds for the support of the college. 
 The necessary license was obtained in 1721; three more years were spent in selecting 
 and purchasing the ground, when the institution was opened under the name of the 
 College of San Ignacio. The old college of San Ambrosio, which had been under 
 the direction of the Jesuits since its establishment in 1689, was then united with it, 
 although the old college still retained its distinctive character as a foundation school 
 for the church. 
 
 As early as 1688 the ayuntamiento (or city council) of Habana applied to the 
 Royal Government to establish a university in the city in order that young men 
 desirous of study might not -be compelled to go to the mainland or Spain. This 
 request was furthered by Bishop Valdes, and finally, by a letter of Innocent XIII 
 of September 12, 1721, the fathers of the Convent of San Juan de Letran were author- 
 ized to found the institution desired, and after some years of preparation it was 
 opened in 1728, but the chairs of moral philosophy and canon law were filled pre- 
 viously by the Dominicans even before the funds were available. The university, 
 by the order received, was to have been modeled upon that of Santo Domingo, but 
 finally the task of preparing the regulations for the new university was intrusted 
 to the fathers above mentioned by a royal letter in 1732, and they were approved 
 by the university authorities, the captain-general, and, in Spain, by the council of 
 the Indies on June 27, 1734. The rectors, vice-rectors, counselors, and secretaries 
 were to be Dominicans, a condition that produced innumerable rivalries and 
 dispvites until 1842. The first professors were appointed to their positions without 
 limit of time. Afterwards they obtained their places by competition and for a ter^i 
 of six years only. 
 
 The first rector, Father Tomas de Linares, was appointed by the King in 1728, but 
 his successors were elected by the university authorities and were renewed annually. 
 Among the early rectors were Bishop Morell, of Santa Cruz, and the renowned 
 Cuban orator, Rafael del Castillo. Unfortunately for a century the university was 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 269 
 
 an insignificant element of culture and was only useful as a subject of boasting on 
 the part of Spain that she had introduced her civilization on this side of the water, 
 and on that of the Cubans that they were advancing in sciences and arts. Several 
 causes tended to restrict the value of the university. In the first place, it was mod- 
 eled on a sixteenth-century pattern. The Aristotelian system prevailed in its entirety. 
 The professor of mathematics 'was to teach besides practical arithmetic, which con- 
 sisted of the first four, rules with the algebra, elementary geometry, trigonometry, and 
 astronomy and its "deductions for the use of our Lord and King." There were 
 polemical and civil architecture, geography, the sphere, mechanics, optics, etc. 
 These subjects should have been included in the course of philosophy, and there 
 were few students even of the four rules and the aurea. The philosophical system 
 was the scholastic, with its eternal sumulas and involved system of logic and its 
 defective ideas of physics. The course lasted three years, the first two of which were 
 occupied with logic and the Aristotelian philosophy. But the university would not 
 have benefited much more if it had been modeled upon a Spanish university of the 
 eighteenth century, because the mother country was on the low scientific level to 
 which the deadly politics of the Austrians had reduced her. 
 
 "When Charles III urged the rectors of universities in Spain to reform education he 
 was told it was impossible to depart from the Aristotelian system or follow- the inno- 
 vations of Galileo and Newton, because they were not in accord with inviolable tra- 
 dition. Furthermore, it was not always possible to find suitable teachers in Cuba. 
 For this reason the chair of mathematics was vacant for a long time. Sometimes the 
 Government refused to adopt very useful ideas' on behalf of the university, either by 
 negligence or ignorance, or for economical reasons. Thus the rector in 1761 peti- 
 tioned for the erection of a chair of experimental physics, which was refused, and 
 two of mathematics, only one of which was granted. A new plan of study was 
 drawn up in view of the pressing need of reform, but was allowed to lie unnoticed. 
 In 1795 Don Jose Ajigustin Caballero made an address in the section of sciences and 
 arts of the Sociedad Economica, in which he deplored the backward condition of 
 education, which, he said, retarded and embarrassed the progress of the arts and 
 sciences, without, however, any fault on the part of the teachers, who could only 
 obey and execute their instructions. On motion of Senor Caballero, a representation 
 was made to the King by 'a committee of the society, of the necessity of reforming in 
 the island, beginning with the university. The committee declared, among other 
 things, that no mathematics was taught, nor chemistry, nor practical anatomy. Gen- 
 eral Las Casas supported this motion, but the Government took no action. The same 
 indifference, or worse, was manifested by the Spanish Government in other parts of 
 America. It refused to permit the foundation of academies, or universities, or chairs of 
 mathematics, law, or pilot schools (the latter being purely luxuries, the decree said). 
 The cacique, Don Juan Cirillo de Castilla, endeavored during thirty years to obtain 
 permission to establish a college for Indians in his native country, but died finally in 
 Madrid without obtaining it. The archibishop of Guatemala left money by his will 
 for establishing a chair of moral philosophy, but the minister directed the money to 
 be sent to Spain, it having been improperly devised, as he declared. Charles IV pro- 
 hibited the estabhshment of the University of Mei-ida in Maracaibo, on the ground 
 that he did not deem it expedient that enlightenment should become general in 
 America. There were other instances of the same policy in Chile and Peru; and yet, 
 notwithstanding all these restrictions, Humboldt observed "a great intellectual 
 movement and a youth endowed with a fair faculty for learning the sciences — a sure 
 sign of the political and moral revolution that was in preparation." 
 
 In Santiago de Cuba the seminary of San Basilio Magno was founded by Bishop 
 Francisco Geronimo Valdes in 1772, for ecclesiastical studies, with an endowment of 
 12,000 pesos. This establishment, however, did not come into operation until the 
 latter part of the last century. More important -was the foundation of the college 
 
270 HANDBOOK OP CUBA. 
 
 and seminary of San Carlos and San Ambrosio in Habana in 1773, which was not 
 destined exckisively for the education of ecclesiastics, but included three courses of 
 philosophy and letters preparatory to, and, besides, the higher faculties of theology, 
 law, and mathematics, the last two of which, however, were not opened until the 
 beginning of the present century. 
 
 ******* 
 
 The second epoch in the intellectual history of Cuba began with the administra- 
 tion of Don Luis de las Casas, whose name is held in grateful remembrance by 
 Cubans, and who inaugurated a new era by his zealous and noble enthusiasm in pro- 
 moting intellectual and educational activity. He founded the first literary periodical 
 and the Sooiedad Economica (sometimes called Patriotica) de la Habana, which has 
 been the first mover in all the advances in the material interests and education of 
 the island. With him cooperated an eminent physician, Doctor Romay; Arango, 
 the distinguished writer on economics; Caballero; Penalver, archbishop of Guate- 
 mala, and many others. The Sociedad Economica was charged by a royal order 
 with the care of education in Cxiba. An inventory was taken of the primary schools 
 in 1793, and a deplorable state of affairs was found. In Habana there were only 39 
 schools, 32 of which were for girls, and the instruction was the worst, nothing l^ut 
 reading being taught in many of them, which were in charge of colored women. 
 The society then founded two free schools for the poor of both sexes. The society 
 met with much opposition, in part from Bishop Trespalacios, who was enviou^ of Las 
 Casas, but it succeeded in founding schools with the help of the religious orders, par- 
 ticularly the school of the Beneficencia, in 1799, and the Ursulines, in 1803. It 
 endeavored to establish members of the order of San Sulpicio, which had met with 
 such success with education in New Orleans, but without result. Outside the capital 
 gratuitous instruction for the people did not exist, except in isolated cases due to 
 individual efforts, principally of the clergy. 
 
 In 1801 the Sociedad took another school census, and found the number of schools 
 in the city to be 71, with 2,000 pupils, most of which were not under the Govern- 
 ment, and were taught by ignorant colored women, who had neither method nor 
 order. Recognizing these fatal defects, the society endeavored to induce the Govern- 
 ment to issue regulations reforming the schools and providing faithful, competent, 
 and interested teachers, but without result. In 1816 the- section of education was 
 formed and the Government granted 132,000 for primary instruction, and at this time 
 some improvements in the condition of this branch were made: But notwithstand- 
 ing the efforts of individuals, the funds were insufficient for the growing needs, and 
 some of the new schools had only an ephemeral existence. 
 
 The society also devoted its energies to opening new branches of study in higher 
 education. In 1793 it was proposed to found a chair of chemistry, and a subscription 
 of $24,615 was immediately raised; but, owing to the difficulty of finding a professor 
 in Europe, the chair was not filled until 1819. The apparatus were brought from 
 Europe, and after some delay quarters for a laboratory were found in the hospital of 
 San Ambrosio. The first professor was Don Jose Tasso. 
 
 The society in 1794, formed a plan of secondary instruction, which included 
 mathematics,, drawing, physics, chemistry, natural history, botany, and anatomy. 
 (The date and scope of this plan are noteworthy. Its spirit is quite modern.) The 
 creation of a botanic garden was proposed in 1795, but the plan did not meet with 
 such enthusiasm as the chemical laboratory, which, it was hoped, might be of use 
 to the sugar industry. The course of anatomy was opened in 1797. In this same 
 year a real revolution took place in the instruction in philosophy at the Colegio Sem- 
 inario de San Carlos, the old Aristotelian philosophy becoming replaced by modern 
 methods in the lectures on logic of Caballero. But in 1811, when Felix Varela took 
 the chair of philosophy, the old system received its deathblow, the names of modern 
 thinkers became familiar in the schools, ^nd their doctrines were freely examined. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 271 
 
 The students were taught to use their reason as a guide and to ignore all the useless 
 quibbles and confused terminology of the scholastic philosophy. One of his pupils, 
 afterwards well known in Cuba, Don Jose de la T^uz Cabellero, said of his teacher: 
 " He Avas the first who taught us to think." He also used Spanish instead of Latin 
 in his lectures, retaining the latter only one day in the week in order that its use 
 might not be forgotten. Part of his Institutions of Eclectic Philosophy were pub- 
 lished in Spanish. In physics Varela was also an esteemed professor, but later on 
 this chair at the college was filled by Jose Antonio Saco,^who followed in brilliant 
 lectures, day by day, the most recent discoveries made in Europe. The Govern- 
 ment, having ordered, in 1813, that political economy should be taught in the uni- 
 vesities, the Sociedad Economica established a chair of this subject in San Carlos in 
 1818, which was supported by voluntary subscriptions. The new spirit was shown 
 further by a change in the law course from an excessive devotion to the study of the 
 Eoman digests to the fuller study of the Spanish law. At this period medicine, 
 which, as we shall see, received such preeminent attention at a later period, was far 
 behind the age. Until 1824 there was no chair of surgery, and chemistry and phi- 
 losophy were twenty years behind the times. The promoters of superior instruction 
 in the beginning of the new epoch, which Mitjans puts between 1790 and 1820, were 
 Las Casas, Bishop Espada, and the intendent Ramirez, who was mainly instrumental 
 in organizing the instruction in chemistry and other scientific branches, with the 
 constant cooperation of the Sociedad Economica. 
 
 In the second period of the new epoch — from 1820 to 1842 — the Sociedad Econo- 
 mica, always in the vanguard of the intellectual movement, Ibegan to gather the fruits 
 of its earlier efforts in the works of the younger men who had profited by them, and 
 in 1830 a committee on history was formed and another on literature. The Govern- 
 ment was now in far other hands than those of Las Casas, and did its best, in the 
 person of General Tacon, to suppress the new political and economical views, mainly, 
 it is true, on account of articles which appeared in the journals published under the 
 auspices of the society. Still, in 1833, by virtue of a royal order, the committee on 
 literature constituted itself an independent academy, which encouraged or founded 
 literary periodicals. Its sessions were the place of meeting for all the leading men in 
 Cuba who were interested in letters and new ideas, and it collected a valuable 
 library. * * * 
 
 ■ The political changes of 1820 in Spain had their effect upon education. Upon the 
 suppression of the convents the Government gave the chapel of one of the Augustine 
 orders to the Sociedad Economica for establishing a normal school, and established 
 a chair of constitutional law in the seminary of San Carlos and in the university, but 
 both the normal school and the new chairs were soon after suppressed by another 
 political change in 1824, and the |32,000 which the section of education had received 
 from the municipality for elementary education was also reduced; soon after which 
 that section received its deathblow by the royal order of February 8, 1825, with- 
 drawing the funds which had been allotted to it, in consequence of which it was no 
 longer possible to maintain the new free schools. It is to be observed that during 
 the reign of Ferdinand VII the university, which was more directly connected with 
 the Madrid Government, suffered more than San Carlos, which was protected by 
 the Sociedad Economica and the diocesan bishop, and it remained in a backward 
 state until the Government commissioned Francisco de Arango to examine and 
 report upon the condition of the institution, which task he accomplished with the 
 aid of those most interested in the needed reforms. His report, in 1827, led to the 
 reforms embodied in the plan of 1842. The medical faculty meanwhile was reor- 
 ganized and modernized, and philosophy also, in the hands of the new teachers, 
 became a living force, the French school (Cousin) being represented in the period 
 from 1840 to 1856. 
 
 In primary and secibndary education a great advance was made in the private 
 
272 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 colleges. From 1827 to 1830 the convenient distinction was drawn between elemen- 
 tary and superior instruction, and new colleges were established (five in number) in 
 which the instruction was so excellent that it was said in 1830 that there was no 
 longer any need to send young men abroad for their education. The professors in 
 these colleges were well-known men of letters. 
 
 As to free primary instruction, outside of Habana and Matanzas it was in an 
 exceedingly backward state. The census of 1833 showed that there were only 9,082 
 pupils registered in the schools of the whole island, and this figure is far above the 
 numbers of those actually attending. There were then 190,000 or 200,000 inhabit- 
 ants under 15 years of age. The Provinces of Puerto Principe and Santiago, with 
 250,000 or 300,000 inhabitants each, had 1,408 and 991 pupils in school in 1840, 
 respectively. In Villa Clara there was only one school from 1821 to 1834. * * * 
 
 The royal decrees concerning secondary and superior instruction in Cuba and 
 Porto Rico during the first half of the century provided principally for making 
 valid in Spain the titles of licentiate or doctor obtained in Cuba and Porto Rico. In 
 1863 a general reform of public instruction was effected, by virtue of which it was 
 divided into i^rimary, secondary, superior, and professional branches. In 1871 a 
 decree provided that professors of the Universitj^ of Habana are eligible for profes- 
 sorships in Spain, which was followed in 1878 by a decree making the professorate 
 in the colonies and the Peninsula one body. • 
 
 In 1880, at the close of the ten-year insurrection, special schools, which had been 
 called for by circumstance, such as the dental college of Habana, was created, besides 
 society of agriculture, industry, and commerce. In this year the minister for the 
 colonies drew up a memorial of the unsatisfactory condition of public education in 
 Cuba and Porto Rico, especiallj' in regard to the university and institute of Habana. 
 It recites that the first step toward secularizing education and assimilating it with 
 that of Spain in that respect was taken in 1842, and that the assimilation was nearly 
 complete by 1863, as far as legislation and form were concerned. But Cuba, he 
 adds, was not then prepared for so vast and centralized an organization, and many 
 obstacles and delays arose that checked the proposed reform. The insurrection of 
 1868 interfered with education very seriously, interrupting the studies, and so mak- 
 ing it difiicult or impossible for students to finish their courses, which again unfiled 
 them to become teachers in the secondary schools which were soon after established 
 all over the island. This state of things also interfered with the habilitation in the 
 Peninsula of studies followed in Cuba, and so tended to separate the two countries in 
 that respect. All these considerations led to the decree of June 18, 1880, regulating 
 superior and secondary instruction, and coordinating those branches in Cuba with 
 the same grades in Spain established by the decrees of 1874 and order of 1875. One 
 of the principal features of this decree was the article authorizing the establishment 
 of a secondary institution in the capital of each Cuban Province, at the expense of 
 the Province or municipality, with a subvention from the governor-general from the 
 estimates for the island. In capitals where there were no public secondary institutes, 
 colleges of the religious orders might be substituted by the governor-general, with the 
 advice of the council. But the degrees granted by these private institutions were to 
 be verified, as only the degrees of public institutions were recognized. In accord- 
 ance with this decree an institute of secondary education was established in Porto 
 Rico in 1882, there being already several in Cuba. An agricultural commission was 
 organized in Cuba, and in 1885 a professional school was established in Porto Rico 
 like those in Habana, where there were a nautical school, a professional school 
 proper, fitting its students to practice chemistry and the mechanic arts, and an art 
 school. * * * 
 
 Until the last century was far advanced the Cubans had not a single public insti- 
 tution where they could have their children taught to read^nd write. The first 
 school was that of the Bethlehemite Fathers in Habana, g-nd was established through 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 273 
 
 the generosity of Don Juan F. Carballo. He was, according to some authorities 
 a native of Seville, and according to others, of the Canary Islands. He repaid 
 thus generously the debt of gratitude he owed the country where he had acquired 
 his wealth. In the sixteenth century, a philanthropist of Santiago de Cuba, Fran- 
 cisco Paradas, had afforded a like good example by bequeathing a large estate for 
 the purpose of teaching Latin linguistics and Christian morals. The legacy was 
 eventually made of avail by the Dominican friars, who administered it, but when 
 the convents were abolished it was swallowed by the royal treasury, and thus the 
 beneficent intentions of the founders were frustrated, to the permanent danger of 
 the unfortunate country. Only these two institutions, due entirely to individual 
 initiative, are recorded in our scholastic annals during the first three centuries of the 
 colony. The thirst and scent for gold reigned supreme. The sons of wealthy fami- 
 lies, in the absence of learning at home, sought schools and colleges in foreign parts 
 in this century [nineteenth]. On their return, with the patriotic zeal natural to 
 cultured men, they endeavored to better the intellectual condition of their com- 
 patriots. This enforced emigration of Cubans in quest of learning was fought against 
 by our Government. The children of Cuban families were forbidden to be educated 
 in foreign countries. This despotic measure was adopted without any honest effort 
 being made to establish schools for instructing the children of a population already 
 numbering nearly 500,000 souls. 
 
 The Sociedad Economica was founded in 1793, during the time of Las Casas, whose 
 name has always been venerated among the Cubans. Then, as now, the members 
 of this association were the most talented men of the country, and their best efforts 
 were directed toward promoting public instruction. It gave impulse and organiza- 
 tion to the school system in Cuba. It established inspection, collected statistics, and 
 founded a newspaper to promote instruction, and devoted its profits to this cause. 
 It raised funds and labored with such zeal and enthusiam that it finally secured the 
 assistance of the colonial government and obtained an appropriation, though but of 
 small amount, for the benefit of popular instruction. 
 
 In 1793 there were only 7 schools for boys in the capital of Cuba, in which 408 
 white and 144 free colored children could be educated. From this privilege the 
 slaves were debarred. The 7 schools referred to, besides a number of seminaries for 
 girls, afforded a means of livelihood for a number of free mulattoes and some whites. 
 The schools were private undertakings, paid for by the parents. Only one, that of 
 the reverend Father Senor, of Habana, was a free school. Reading, writing, and 
 arithmetic were taught in these schools. Lorrenzo Lendez, a mulatto of Habana, 
 was the only one who taught Spanish grammar. The poor of the free colored classes 
 were on a par with the slaves. The Sociedad Economica founded 2 free schools, 
 one for each sex. The bishop, Feliz Jose de Trespalacios, nullified the laudable 
 efforts of the country's well wishers by maintaining that it was unnecessary to estab- 
 lish more schools. From 1793 to 1893 the society was unable to accomplish even a 
 part of its noble purpose; it was found impossible to obtain an official sanction of 
 popular education. In 1817 there were 90 schools in the rest of the island, 19 dis- 
 tricts (all, or nearly all), founded by private individuals. In 1816 the section of 
 education of the Sociedad Economica was established. It afforded a powerful 
 impulse to the cause of education, thanks to the infiuential support of the governor, 
 Don Alejandro Ramirez. The schools improved; the boys and girls, both white and 
 black, were taught separately; literary contests were opened; annual examinations 
 were made obligatory; prizes were distributed, and a powerful incentive was created 
 among all classes for the cause of education. But the concessions attained for the 
 society by the influence of Ramirez were revoked by royal order of February, 1824. 
 In this year the municipality of Habana loaned the Sociedad Patriotica |100 for 
 schools. 
 
 159a— 05 18 
 
274 
 
 HAISIDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 In 1826 there were only 140 schools in the island, of which 16 were free, and in 
 1827 the society obtained $8,000 per annum for the establishment and maintenance 
 of new schools. In 1836 there were only 9,082 children receiving elementary instruc- 
 tion in the whole island. In 1860 the number of schools had increased to 283 for 
 whites and 2 for colored, yet the attendance was proportionately less than in 1836, 
 owing to the increase in population. Popular instruction was neglected or despised 
 by deputy governors (military). 
 
 The reformed course of studies of 1863 did not improve the condition of the 
 schools, and the secretary of the governor made recommendations that virtually 
 tended to keep the population in ignorance in order to keep it Spanish. In 1883 the 
 schools numbered as follows: 
 
 Province. 
 
 Public. 
 
 Private. 
 
 Vacant. 
 
 
 173 
 95 
 82 
 
 103 
 24 
 58 
 
 101 
 22 
 18 
 18 
 4 
 21 
 
 8 
 
 
 13 
 
 Pinar del Rio 
 
 25 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 535 
 
 184 
 
 67 
 
 
 
 But the teachers were not paid, and public instruction was neglected. 
 
 The system in operation at the time of the American intervention, 
 January 1, 1899, was based on the law of 1865 as modified by that of 
 1880, and had it been carried out according to the spirit of said law 
 public instruction in Cuba would have been as practical and complete 
 as in any country in the civilized world. But the appropriations for 
 the schools were far from adequate and their administration most 
 imperfect. The teachers were poorly paid and their method, if they 
 had any, was of the most antiquated pattern. 
 
 Private schools abounded in the island, and especially in Habana, 
 and many of them were conducted by able Cuban professors; but the 
 benefits of these schools could only be enjoyed by the children of the 
 wealthy. Those of the poorer classes, who were compelled to attend 
 the public or "municipal" schools, received a rudimentary and wholly 
 inefficient primary instruction. 
 
 The Government, on the other hand, did not enforce to any practical 
 degree the law providing for compulsory assistance to the schools, and 
 but a very small percentage of the poor children availed themselves 
 of the benefits of free education. 
 
 The plan of studies then in operation called for a course of secondary 
 instruction (segunda ensenanza), which followed the primary. This 
 secondary instruction corresponded, to a certain degree, with the 
 American high school, and its duration was five years. During this 
 time the students attended the institutes or colleges of secondary 
 instruction, incorporated to the institutes, and were taught the follow- 
 ing curriculum: 
 
 First year. — Spanish grammar, Latin, universal geography. 
 Second year. — Spanish grammar, Latin, history of Spain. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 275 
 
 Third year. — Rhetoric and poetry, arithmetic, algebra, universal history, and 
 English or French. 
 
 Fourth year. — Second cousee of English or French, psychology, logic and moral 
 philosophy, geometry, and trigonometry. 
 
 Fifth year. — Agriculture, natural history, anatomy, physiology, and hygiene. 
 
 At the time of the American occupation the most reliable private 
 colleges in operation were the following: 
 
 Habana: Jesuit College of Belen, Escuelas Pias (in Guanabacoa), 
 San Francisco de Paula, Habana, San Rafael, Areas, San Meliton, 
 San Miguel, El Progreso, Santa Ana, San Luis, La Gran Antilla, 
 Isabel la Catolica, San Carlos, Centro Gallego, San Anacleto. 
 
 Cienfuegos: Nuestra Senora del Monserrat, San Carlos, Cristobal 
 Colon, Nuestra Senora del Carmen, San Luis Gonzaga, Perseverancia, 
 El Sagrado Corazon. 
 
 Matanzas: El Siglo, Academia Junco, etc. 
 
 At the end of the five-year course at the institutes the students 
 received the degree of bachelor of arts and were in a position to 
 enter the university at Habana, whose curriculum embraced law, 
 medicine and pharmacy, philosophy and belles-lettres, and the exact 
 sciences. 
 
 There also existed during the latter part of the Spanish domination 
 a school of arts and trades at Habana, an academy of design, and the 
 correctional asylum of San Jose, this latter being more of a peniten- 
 tiary for offending children than a school. 
 
 The first care of the American government of intervention was to 
 provide teachers and schools of primary instruction throughout the 
 island, A new system of primary instruction was inaugurated, a 
 normal school for teachers created, and soon after the occupation of 
 the island by the United States the wonderful work of reconstruction 
 was begun. ^ 
 
 There is perhaps no other deed in the history of the American 
 administration of Cuba that can be compared to that of the radical 
 transformation of the old and inadequate method of public instruction 
 existing under the Spanish regime. 
 
 The Cubans are indebted for most of the beneficial reforms intro- 
 duced to Mr. Alexis E. Frye, superintendent of schools of the island 
 during the early part of the intervention, and to Lieutenant Hanna, 
 U. S. Array, his worthy successor. 
 
 In order to give the Cuban teachers an opportunity to study the 
 methods of teaching existing in the United States, Mr. Frye conceived 
 and successfully carried into effect the project of taking a good many 
 of them to Harvard Universit3^ This visit to the justly renowned 
 center of education afforded the Cuban teachers many opportunities to 
 observe and to learn, of which they availed themselves for the benefit 
 of their country. 
 
276 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Soon adequate buildings for schools were provided, the number of 
 schoolhouses and teachers rapidly augmented, and the authorities 
 spared no effort to compel the children to attend the classes. 
 
 In spite of this, of the entire population of school age, which, accord- 
 ing to the school census of 1902, was 4:00,000, TO per cent being white, 
 only 47 per cent were enrolled during 1902, and only 24 per cent were 
 in regular attendance at the public schools. The small percentage of 
 attendance is accounted for by the sparseness of population in rural 
 districts. Nearly half the inhabitants of the island are collected in 
 towns, the rest being so scattered over the country as to give a density 
 of onl}^ 18 per square mile. 
 
 The organization of "school cities" was one remarkable feature 
 introduced during the year 1902. The plan is to have the scholars 
 organize themselves into bodies, similar to the municipal governing 
 bodies, the purpose being to teach the youth the first principles of 
 responsibility and self-government. The plan has worked with 
 remarkable success and great things are predicted for it in the future. 
 
 At the advent of the Cuban Republic (May 20, 1902), one of the 
 first cares of the Government was to continue the good work of its 
 predecessor in the matter of education. 
 
 The total number of students at the different institutes during the 
 school year of 1900-1901 was 772. For a like period in 1903-4 the 
 number was 1,330. 
 
 It can be said that in the public schools of Cuba the school imple- 
 ments, furniture, and teaching material are far superior to those of the 
 private schools. The exercise of the teaching profession is free, the 
 state only reserving itself the right to see that the private teachers 
 possess the necessary qualifications and that their schools offer the 
 required hygienic and pedagogical conditions. 
 
 The institutes of secondary instruction, which, according to the 
 illustrious Cuban professor, Dr. Enrique Jose Varona, former secre- 
 tarjT^of instruction during the period of American administration, only 
 had the name of "institutes of education," and which during the 
 period of the war had been reduced to two (those of Habana and Ma- 
 tanzas), were also recognized by the American intervention govern- 
 ment, which also reopened the institutes at Santa Clara, Camaguey, 
 Santiago de Cuba, and Pinar del Rio. 
 
 An academy of stenography and typewriting was inaugurated; the 
 school of commerce at the Institute of Habana was reorganized ; schools 
 of surveyors were opened at those of Matanzas, Camaguey (Puerto 
 Principe), Santiago de Cuba, and Pinar del Rio, and the chair of agri- 
 culture, which had been suppressed, was again created in all of them. 
 
 It was also under the American administration that the vast and 
 difficult reform of the university took place, the author of the plan 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 277 
 
 being Mr. Varona, then secretar}^ of public instruction. By this plan 
 the number of professional schools was augmented, thus opening new 
 fields to the activity and energy of the Cuban youth. 
 
 Under this system the university has been divided into three facul- 
 ties, viz: Letters and sciences, medicine and pharmacy, and law. 
 
 The faculty of letters and sciences consists of the following: School 
 of letters and philosoph}^ school of pedagogy, school of sciences, school 
 of engineers, electricit}^, and architects, and school of agriculture. 
 
 The faculty of medicine and pharmacy consists of school of medicine, 
 school of pharmacy, school of dental surgery, and school of veterinary 
 surgery. 
 
 The facult}^ of law consists of school of civil law, school of public 
 law, and school of notarial law. 
 
 As a consequence of the scope given the higher studies, and with 
 the object of giving them the practical character derived from modern 
 methods by means of experiments, a number of museums and labora- 
 tories have been established, thus giving the system a decidedly 
 objective character. 
 
 The total number of students enrolled in the academic course of 
 1903-4 was 524. Of these, 156 belonged to the school of letters and 
 philosophy, pedagog}^, sciences, electrical engineering, architecture, 
 and agriculture; 203 to the law schools, and the balance to the school 
 of medicine. During the same year 173 diplomas have been issued, 
 including 26 to'trained nurses. 
 
 Order No. 76, of February, 1900, designated the faculty of the 
 School of Painting and Sculpture of Habana, at the same time pro- 
 viding for its maintenance. This school has a double purpose — not 
 only the cultivation of the artistic tastes and faculties of those study- 
 ing in its class rooms, but also of those who may subsequently apply 
 this knowledge to the industrial arts. 
 
 The number of students enrolled in the courses of 1899-1900, 1902-3, 
 and 1903-4 was 489, 548, and 467, respectively. 
 
 On March 5, 1900, a military order was issued providing generously 
 for the maintenance of the School of Arts and Trades of Habana. 
 
 The total attendance at this school during the courses of 1900-1902 
 and 1902-3 was 322 and 436, respectively. 
 
 In 1905 there were 720 private schools. 
 
 At the beginning of the school year 1904-5 the number of public 
 schoolrooms in Cuba was 3,538, against 3,472 in the previous year. The 
 number of special schools is to-day 87, as against 72 existing last year, 
 which gives a total of 3,605 schoolrooms to-day, against 3,544 during 
 the previous year. This increase corresponds mainly to the rural 
 schools, the total number of which is to-day 1,833, as against 1,740 
 existing in November, 1903. Bj^ so increasing the number of rural 
 public schools the attendance at the city schools has not been dimin- 
 
278 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 ished. The school law considers "city" district, the town with more 
 than 10,000 inhabitants, and "rural" those with less. 
 
 There are 105 school districts, of which lis a city district of the first 
 class, 11 city districts of the second class, and 93 are rural districts. 
 
 Cuba can justly feel proud of possessing at this moment a competent 
 body of teachers, both male and female, and of having acquired in the 
 important branch of public instruction a prominent place among the 
 foremost nations of the world. 
 
 To attain this, the Cuban Government has spared no effort. The 
 people have cooperated with the authorities, and the Republic can 
 to-day boast of being the only nation on earth which has more teachers 
 than soldiers. 
 
 No other public department of the Government, perhaps, receives 
 more attention than that of education. The secretary of this branch 
 of the administration is considered one of the most important, and the 
 greatest care is exercised in~order to maintain in its offices a trust- 
 worthy and competent personnel. 
 
 No modern idea,^ device, or implement is to be missed in a Cuban 
 school; the objective system has been implanted in all, and the scholars 
 receive, besides a practical and useful elementary education, a solid 
 and greatly beneficial course of moral and civic instruction. 
 
 The estimated attendance at the public and private schools of the 
 Republic is 231,869 daily or 95 per cent of the school census. 
 
 The present budget provides for the creation of 100 more schools. 
 
 The grade of perfection attained by the Cuban school was shown at the 
 university exposition of St. Louis, Mo., where the prizes awarded the 
 works of our schools were numerous. 
 
 The attention that the Cuban Government pays to education is shown 
 in the fact that $3,751,087, or more than 20 per cent of the general 
 budget of the nation, is dedicated to public instruction. 
 
 Annual examinations for primary teachers take place during the 
 summer in the principal cities of the island, and certificates of first, 
 second, and third grade, according to their abilities, are given the 
 examiners, authorizing them to teach in the public schools of Cuba, if 
 appointed by the different boards of education. 
 
 The normal school, kindergarten for teachers, situated in the city 
 of Habana, is working with regularity; the greatest severity is exer- 
 cised in the examinations, and no teacher is appointed without having 
 demonstrated his ability and knowledge of the profession to the full 
 extent. 
 
 A fact which serves to illustrate the comforting attitude of the 
 Cuban people toward education is that the number of private schools 
 and colleges, far from diminishing, has increased. 
 
 The number of students enrolled in the University of Habana this 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 279 
 
 year is 640. This number is constant!}' increasing, and it is to be 
 hoped that during the present course more than 600 will be enrolled. 
 
 At the School of Painting and Sculpture there are at present 643 
 students, of which 209 are girls. 
 
 The School of Arts and Trades has on its rolls 467 students, of 
 which 316 attend during the day and 160 during the evening hours. 
 Nine thousand dollars are spent annually for the maintenance of this 
 school. 
 
CHAPTER XV. 
 
 PATENT AND TRADE-MARK REGULATIONS. 
 
 At the time of the ceasing- of the Spanish domination in Cuba, Porto 
 Rico, and the Philippines, there existed in those territories two dif- 
 ferent patent laws, to wit, one concerning those patents to be employed 
 within the Spanish territory, and the other confined to the patents to 
 be used in the Spanish insular possessions. 
 
 In 18Y3 the minister of public works proposed to extend to these 
 possessions the same legislation of the Peninsula, but adviging, at the 
 'same time, to confine the right of issuing patents to said ministry of 
 public works. 
 
 The council of state, however, did not agree on this point, and by 
 a royal order, dated January 17, 1873, the proposed centralization of 
 the right of issuing patents was declared to be not proper, "owing 
 to the difi^erence in the political and administrative organization of 
 the Provinces." 
 
 Under the present republican regime of Cuba the superior author- 
 ity in matters of patents is the secretar}^ of agriculture, industry, and 
 commerce. 
 
 The two patent offices in Cuba to-day ai-e the office of the secretary 
 of agriculture, industrj^ and commerce and the Sociedad Economica 
 de Amigos del Pais. All the other offices mentioned in the royal 
 decree of June 30, 1833, have been abolished. The civil governors 
 of the Provinces intervene only in the forwarding to the secretary of 
 the applications for patents and privileges. 
 
 On the 22d of September, 1904, the Government of Cuba, in con- 
 formity with article 16 of the international convention, signed at Paris 
 March 20, 1883, for the protection of industrial property, notified the 
 Swiss Government of the adhesion of the Republic of Cuba to the said 
 convention, approved by the Cuban Senate on the 5th and ratified by 
 the President on the 8th of the same month. Cuba has also made a 
 treaty with France for the protection of industrial property, and by 
 proclamation of the President of the United States, dated the l7th day 
 of November, 1903, Cuban citizens enjo}^ the same benefits in the 
 United States as Americans under the copyright law. 
 280 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 281 
 
 Article XIII of the treaty of Paris, dated the 10th of December, 
 
 1898, is as follows: 
 
 The rights of property secured by copyrights and patents acquired by Spaniardig 
 in the island of Cuba and in Porto Rico, the PhiUppines, and other ceded territories, 
 at the time of the exchange of the ratification of this treaty, shall continue to be 
 respected. Spanish scientific, literary, and artistic works, not subversive of public 
 order in the territories in question, shall continue to be admitted free of duty in such 
 territories for the period of ten years, to be reckoned from the date of the exchange 
 of the ratifications of this treaty. 
 
 The Department of State of the United States published on October 
 25, 1902, a report sent to it by the United States minister in Cuba on 
 the subject of patents, trade-marks, and copyrights, which came accom- 
 panied with a brief by Mr. Fernando M. Vidal, which reads as follows: 
 
 TRADE-MARKS. 
 
 Circular No. 12 of the Division of Customs and Insular Affairs, dated April 11, 
 
 1899, which is applicable to both patents and trade-marks, provides protection for 
 American patents and trade-marks upon filing a duly certified copy of the patent or 
 of the certificate of registration of the trade-mark, print, or label in the ofiice of the 
 governor-general of the island. Provision is also made for the protection of rights of 
 property in patents and trade-marks secured under the Spanish laws. 
 
 Circular No. 21 of the Division of Customs and Insular Affairs, dated June 1, 1899, 
 provides that the fee for filing the certified copies mentioned in circular No. 12 shall 
 be $1, and that as to patents the only certification required is that issued by the 
 United States Commissioner of Patents. 
 
 On September 25-, 1899, circular No. 34 was issued by the Division of Customs and 
 Insular Affairs, applicable to- both patents and trade-marks, rescinding so much of 
 circular No. 21 as required the payment of a fee for filing certified copies of patents 
 or certificates of registration of trade-marks, prints, or labels. 
 
 A paragraph is added to circular No. 21 requiring a power of attorney from the 
 owner of the patent or trade-mark authorizing another for him, and in his place to 
 file a certified copy of the patent or certification of the trade-mark, print, or label, 
 to be filed with such certified copy or certificate of registration. It is further pro- 
 vided that assignments of patents, trade-marks, prints, or labels, or certified copies 
 thereof, shall be filed in the same manner. 
 
 By a subsequent circular. No. 38, of the Division of Customs and Insular Affairs, 
 dafted March 9, 1900, so much of circular No. 34 of the said division as related to fees 
 was rescinded, thereby restoring the registration fee of $1 provided for by circular 
 No. 21 in relation to American patents and trade-marks. 
 
 Upon this question of registration fees for American patents and trade-marks, the 
 secretary of agriculture, commerce, and industries, under date of June 21, 1902, 
 issued a circular order which was published in the Gaceta de la Habana on June 23, 
 1902, wherein it is recited that — 
 
 ' ' The military government of the United States in this island having ceased, by 
 virtue whereof and in accordance with the express text thereof, circulars Nos. 12 and 
 21, dated, respectively, April 11 and June 1, 1899, issued by the Division of Customs 
 and Insular Affairs of the War Department at Washington, concerning the registra- 
 tion of American trade-marks and patents, have become without value or effect, inas- 
 much as said circulars were issued for the territories subject to military forces of the 
 United States, I have resolved that patents and marks of all kinds, prints, labels, and 
 tickets, duly registered in the Patent Ofiice of the United States, whose filing in this 
 
282 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 island may be requested for their protection in future, shall from the present date 
 be recorded in the Bureau under my charge in proper case, upon complying with 
 the procedure followed for registration from other countries and the payment of ?35 
 currency for patents and 112.50 currency for marks, prints, etc. — that is to say, the 
 same fees which are paid by all others, foreign or national, in place of $1 currency 
 which is provided for in g^id circular No. 21 regarding the American." 
 
 In an unpublished communication, dated August 12, 1902, addressed to the secretary 
 of state and government by the secretary of agriculture, commerce, and industries, a 
 ruling is contained to the effect that " civil order No. 160, series 1901, June 13, 1901, 
 has not been revoked, and that American trade-marks which have been registered 
 in pursuance of circulars 12 and 21 of the Division of Customs and Insular Affairs 
 are fully protected without the necessity of any further formality, and that the cir- 
 cular published in the Gazette on June 23, 1902, has had for its object the equaliza- 
 tion of procedure followed in this island for the filing and protection of foreign trade- 
 marks and patents in accordance with the international treaty of 1883, and that, 
 upon the expiration of the term of protection granted to marks, etc., registered under 
 circulars 12 and 21, above mentioned, the Department reserves the right to take the 
 proper steps. This will be the subject of a law." 
 
 At this point it seems proper to invite attention to civil order No. 148, series 1902, 
 whereby "each and every of the laws, decrees, regulations, orders, and other rulings 
 made and promulgated by and under the military government of Cuba shall be 
 deemed to be general and continuing in character, and to be applicable to and bind- 
 ing upon all officers of the Government of Cuba, under whatsoever names or titles, 
 who shall succeed the officers of the military government, and to continue in force 
 and effect, under whatsoever government may exist in Cuba, until such time as it 
 may be legally revoked or amended, pursuant to the terms of the constitution 
 aforesaid. ' ' 
 
 Article 12 of said royal decree of August 21, 1884, has been amended by civil order 
 512, series 1900, dated December 19, 1900, by adding to paragraph 1 of said article 
 the following: 
 
 ' ' Those who buy or sell receptacles, stamped in a permanent manner with a trade- 
 mark which is registered in the name of another person, except to such person or 
 his authorized agent, or who use such receptacles, placing therein for sale the same 
 or similar products as those for which said receptacles are used by the owner of the 
 trade-mark. In such cases the receptacles shall be seized, which the infringer shall 
 forfeit to the owner of the trade-mark. ' ' 
 
 The said article of said order amends article 287 of the penal code by extending 
 the penalty therein provided to this offense. 
 
 Article 36 of said royal decree of August 21, 1884, is amended by civil order 511, 
 series 1900, by substituting for paragraph 2 thereof the following: 
 
 ' ' Manufacturers, merchants, agriculturists, and industrials applying for registration 
 of the same mark, having distinguishing minor details, with the object of pointing 
 out the various classes and grades of one product, or for any other motive, shall be 
 furnished with a certificate of registration for each variation of the mark, stating 
 their special use, and charging them the corresponding fees ($12.50 United States 
 currency) for each certificate issued." 
 
 The law of patents of Cuba is contained in the royal decree of June 30, 1833, which 
 was modified by the royal order of January 17, 1873, which prohibited the conces- 
 sion of "patents of introduction." 
 
 The circulars of the Division of Customs and Insular Affairs, hereinbefore cited in 
 reference to trade-marks registered in the United States and seeking protection in 
 Cuba, have application also to American patents under like circumstances; and the 
 
HANDBOOK 0*F CUBA. 283 
 
 circular above mentioned — of the Secretary of Agriculture, etc., dated June 21, 1902 — 
 is likewise applicable to patents. 
 
 The plans and specifications are required to be presented in closed and sealed 
 envelopes, which are to be opened only by the examining board when about to pass 
 upon the same. 
 
 When a case ^ises which is not specially provided for in the law, it is the practice 
 to follow as precedent and legal doctrine in the matter the provisions of the Spanish 
 law of patents of July 30, 1878. 
 
 COPYRIGHTS. 
 
 The law of copyrights in force in Cuba is that of January 10, 1879, extended to 
 this island by royal order of January 14, 1879. 
 
 This has been modified by civil order 119, series 1900, whereby it is provided as 
 follows: 
 
 "I. Authors of foreign scientific, artistic, and literary works, or their agents or 
 representatives, shall enjoy in the island of Cuba the protection granted by the law 
 of intellectual property of January 10, 1879, for the period during which said works 
 are protected in the country where they originate, provided this period does not 
 exceed the time allowed in the aforementioned law, and provided said authors com- 
 ply with the requirements of the same and its regulations. 
 
 "II. This provides that the general register referred to in paragraph 33 of said 
 law shall be kept in the department of state and government. 
 
 "III. Foreign works must be entered in the general register. To effect said regis- 
 tration, a duly legalized certificate must be presented from the proper authority of 
 the country where the work originates, as a guarantee of proprietorship in favor of 
 the person soliciting the registration. 
 
 "IV. Civil governors and municipal mayors shall not suspend in any case the 
 representation, reading, or performance of literary or musical works, in accordance 
 with the provisions of paragraph 63 of the regulations of the law of intellectual 
 property, except in cases where the claimant proves himself to be the proprietor of 
 the work, or his agent or representative, by producing the certificate of registration 
 issued by the general registry and the power of attorney whenever this be necessary. 
 
 "V. No fees shall be collected for the registration of foreign works, and certificates 
 of registration will be issued to the proprietors of such works, or their agents or rep- 
 resentatives, free of charge." 
 
 Civil order 55, series 1901, provides that duly legalized notarial certificates of pro- 
 prietary rights containing the titles to the same in full shall be considered sufiicient 
 for their inscription in the registry of foreign copyrights, provided that the public 
 officer in whose presence the document is executed certifies to having had presented 
 to him the original of the certificate of copyrights. 
 
 Civil order 160, series 1901, hereinbefore mentioned, provides for the protection of 
 copyrights upon the filing of a certificate of registration, issued by the librarian of 
 Congress, with the governor of the island, and contained a penal clause punishing 
 the infringement of copyrights. 
 
 Civil order 54, series 1902, provides that the general register of literary property, 
 provided for in article 33 of the law of January 10, 1879, and in article 2 of civil 
 order 119, series 1900, shall be kept in the section of general government of the 
 department of state and government in the same manner as the register of foreign 
 literary property. 
 
 For the purposes of article 34 of the law, it is provided that the records relating 
 thereto and the works deposited in the printing bureau of the department of state 
 and government shall be transferred to the general register of literary works. 
 
 The connection of the provincial registries with the general registry shall be the 
 same as that existing prior to January 1, 1899, with the general registry of the 
 
284 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 department of development (ministerio de fomento) and the general directory of 
 public instruction, and they will forward to said registry the semiannual statements 
 of the inscriptions effected and their after history, in accordance with said para- 
 graph 3 of the aforesaid article 34 of the law. 
 
 The three copies of each scientific, literary, or dramatic work which, in accord- 
 ance with royal order of January 14, 1879, the interested parties mu^t submit at the 
 time of requesting inscription, and which, prior to January 1, 1899, were forwarded 
 to the ministerio de fomento of Spain, shall in the future be sent, through the civil 
 governor, to the general registry of literary works, one of which copies shall go to 
 the national library, one to the imiversity, and a third shall remain in the archives 
 of the registry. 
 
 The copy or copies in the case of musical works which must be presented shall be 
 filed in the general registry of literary works, unless otherwise directed in the future. 
 
 Respectfully submitted. 
 
 Fernando M. Vidal. 
 
 PATENT LAWS. 
 
 No. 1. 
 Royal ordinance of June SO, 1833. 
 
 The King: By royal decree of March 27, 1826, to be executed within the limits of 
 this my kingdom and adjacent islands, I was pleased to take measures which I 
 deemed to be conducive to encourage and protect my intelligent and industrious vas- 
 sals who, to the advantage of science and art, should happen to invent new machines, 
 instruments, apparatuses, or methods, scientifical or mechanical, as well as those 
 who should propose to introduce thern from foreign countries or materially improve 
 those which were already in use. For that purpose, as it was necessary and just, I 
 promulgated some rules tending to secure for them the ownership and enjoyment of 
 their inventions, granting them exclusive privilege to that effect for a certain time, 
 so as to reconcile the protection due to private interests and to the benefit of the 
 industry, protecting them against all usurpation and avoiding the dangers of a stag- 
 nation and monopoly in the matter of inventions. 
 
 Subsequent to that time several letters of privilege published in the Gaceta have 
 been granted for this my kingdom, and two more upon the advice of the council of 
 the Indies for the introduction and use in the Philippine Islands of a foreign machine 
 destined to smelt and refine iron and for weaving fabrics, whereupon I recommended 
 to the same council to study the manner of putting the said decree into operation in 
 all my dominions of America and Asia, with such changes and amendments as cir- 
 cumstances may require. And acting in accordance with the reports of the said 
 council of April 20, 1829, and December 20, 1832, and after hearing the reports of the 
 iutendents-general of Cuba, the Philippine Islands, and Porto Rico, the comptroller 
 of the treasury of the Indies, and my attorney-general, I have decided to promulgate 
 the following articles: 
 
 1. Every person of whatever condition or country who proposes to establish or 
 establishes a machine, apparatus, instrument, process, or operation, mechanical or 
 chemical, which, either wholly or in part, are new or have not been established in 
 the same manner or form in either Cuba, Porto Rico, or the Philippine Islands, shall 
 have the exclusive right of ownership and use of the whole or of the part which is 
 not in operation there, subject to the rules and conditions to be hereafter set forth 
 and to the laws, royal orders, regulations, and ordinances to police. But as it is 
 already declared by me in regard to Cuba, by royal order of December 27, 1827, com- 
 municated to the indendent-general of Habana, it is to be understood that the privi- 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 285 
 
 lege of introduction refers only to the manner of carrying the same into effect, and 
 that the faculty of applying it to different objects is free to all others. 
 
 2. Taking into consideration the particular condition of the island of Cuba, where 
 no inducement is necessary for the promotion of the agricultural industry, especially 
 in the branch of the manufacture of sugar boxes, the owners of the estates, as well 
 as the authorities, follow very closely the progress made in the matter in foreign 
 countries and introduce and put into operation at once the machines, instruments, 
 apparatuses, processes, and scientific methods applicable to their business, the con- 
 cession of the privilege shall be limited to inventors and importers. Mere importers 
 shall be dealt with at the discretion of the captain-general and the intendent, who, 
 acting in the capacity of the superior directive board, and after hearing the opinion 
 of the city council, of the board of commerce or promotion of public welfare, men- 
 tion of which shall be made, in article 28, and the economical society, shall decide, 
 if it is deemed advisable, what are the branches of industry or agriculture, as well 
 as the districts, in reference to which no privilege is to be granted. This shall be 
 done by special rules or additional articles, which shall be submitted to me for 
 approval. 
 
 3. To secure for the interested party the exclusive ownership of the invention a 
 royal letter of privilege shall be granted to him, and this shall be done without 
 entering into any examination of the novelty or usefulness of the invention, and 
 with the understanding that the concession is not to be taken in any manner or form 
 as an indorsement of its novelty and usefulness, the interested party remaining sub- 
 ject to the provisions of the present ordinance. 
 
 4. Privileges shall be granted for periods of five, ten, or fifteen years, as the appli- 
 cants may desire, in cases of invention, and for five years alone in cases of importa- 
 tion from abroad, it being understood that the privilege granted for the establishment 
 or introduction of the machines, apparatuses, instruments, processes, or operations, 
 mechanical or chemical, is for doing something in these kingdoms, but not to bring 
 into them any object manufactured abroad which shall be subject to the provisions 
 of the tariff in regard to importations. 
 
 5. The privilege granted for five years to the inventors may be extended five years 
 longer upon just and good reasons. Privileges granted for periods of ten and fifteen 
 years can not be extended. 
 
 6. Anything which is not practiced and used, either in these dominions or in any 
 foreign country, shall be a proper matter for a privilege of invention. What is not 
 in use in the island into which the importation is proposed, but which is in use in 
 other islands, in Spain, or in a foreign country, shall be a proper matter for a privi- 
 lege of introduction, provided that no privilege shall be granted for anything the 
 models or descriptions of which may be found in the city corporations, boards of 
 commerce or promotion of public welfare, economical societies, and archives of the 
 Government, unless three years have elapsed since its importation without its hav- 
 ing been put into practice. In that case a privilege of introduction shall be granted 
 for only five years. 
 
 7. Applicants for a letter of approval shall have to appear either personally or 
 through an attorney, and by means of a memorial drawn in accordance with model 
 No. 1, attached to this ordinance, to the intendent of the Province of their residence. 
 Applications in the island of Cuba shall be filed before the intendent of Habana. 
 
 8. Applications shall refer to only one object, and shall be accompanied with a 
 drawing or model and a proper description and explanation of the invention, speci- 
 fying in the proper way which is the mechanism or process which it is claimed has 
 never been practiced before. Everything must be stated clearly and precisely, in 
 order to prevent doubts after the real nature of the claim on which the privilege has 
 been granted. 
 
 9. The models shall have to be submitted, as well as the drawings, descriptions, 
 
286 HA]srDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 and specifications, in a sealed box ; but the drawings, descriptions, and specifications 
 may also be inclosed in a sealed envelope. In either case a label, prepared accord- 
 ing to model No. 3, shall be affixed to the package. 
 
 10. The intendent shall cause the word " presentado, " as well as the seal of his 
 office, to be stamped on the package, and shall give the applicants a certificate show- 
 ing that the letter was received. If the application is made in any of the subaltern 
 Provinces of Cuba, the letter of transmittal to the intendent of the capital shall be 
 delivered to the applicants in order that they themselves, or some one in their name, 
 should take it to the intendent of Habana. 
 
 11. The intendent shall refer all the papers to the superior directive board, which, 
 in his presence and in the presence of the attorney-general, shall cause the package 
 to be opened. If the documents found therein have been drawn in accordance with 
 article 8 of this ordinance, the privilege shall be granted without further examina- 
 tion, and a copy of the resolution passed to this effect shall be sent to the captain- 
 general, to whom the applicant shall then address a petition drawn in accordance 
 with No. 2, requesting him to issue in his favor and in my name a letter of privilege 
 according to model No. 4. 
 
 12. Before the letter is issued the applicant shall produce a receipt showing that 
 the following fees have been paid by him to the board of commerce or promotion of 
 public welfare, to wit: 
 
 For a privilege of five years $70 
 
 For a privilege of ten years 210 
 
 For a privilege of fifteen years 420 
 
 For mere introduction 210 
 
 One-half of these fees shall go to the board of commerce or promotion of public 
 welfare, to be applied to the progress of the arts and industry, and the other half 
 shall be sent to Spain to the conservatory at Madrid. 
 
 An additional fee of $8 shall be paid for the issue of the patent. 
 
 13. After the patent is issued, the governor will send a copy thereof to the intend- 
 ent, and it shall be the duty of the latter to transmit to the board of commerce or 
 promotion of public welfare the documents in the case, properly sealed, and to 
 report to me, through my secretary of fomento, sending at the same time the portion 
 of the fee corresponding to the Royal Conservatory of Arts, in which institution a 
 record shall be made of the patent granted, according to the provisions of article 15. 
 
 All the documents and papers relating to patents shall be kept in rooms properly 
 arranged for this purpose in the office of the board of commerce or promotion of 
 public welfare, and no package shall be opened except in case of litigation and by 
 order of a court of competent jurisdiction. 
 
 14. The concessions or privileges shall be published in the respective Diario del 
 Gobierno and in the Gaceta de Madrid. 
 
 15. A book shall be kept in the boards of commerce or promotion of public welfare, 
 in which all the patents of privilege shall be recorded chronologically, with excep- 
 tion of the dates, names, and residence of the patentees, the object of the privilege, 
 and the time of its duration. This register shall be open to public inspection. 
 
 16. Should the interested party come to this Kingdom and request a patent, either 
 personally or through an attorney, he shall have to comply with the provisions of 
 articles 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 of the royal decree of March 27, 1826, it being 
 understood that the matter is to be transacted in the department of foment9 and the 
 council of the Indies, and that the time granted by article 4 shall be extended or 
 shortened at the discretion of the authorities, according to the distances and the object 
 of the patent. 
 
 17. The patentee shall enjoy the exclusive use of the invention, machinery, etc., 
 for which the patent was granted, and no one shall have the right to use or put it 
 into practice, either the entire object or any part thereof which he has declared to 
 
HATiTDBOOK OF CUBA. 287 
 
 be new or not used in the district where it is to be introduced, without his consent. 
 The identity of the invention is to be determined by the model, drawings, and 
 description filed with the application, which shall serve at all times as evidence. 
 
 18. The period of ownership of the invention shall be counted from the day and 
 hour of the filing of the application and documents before the intendent; and if two 
 or more persons have made application for patents for the same object, the patent 
 shall be granted to the person who first made application. In case application is 
 made by two or more persons, some of whom are in these kingdoms and others in 
 Cuba, Porto Rico, and the Philippine Islands, the patent shall be granted to all if no 
 more than one month appears to have intervened between the dates of the applica- 
 tions in those islands and here. This period shall be extended to four months for 
 those of the Philippine Islands. If the difference between the dates of application 
 is greater, the patent shall be given to the first,applicant. 
 
 19. Patentees shall have the right to assign, transfer by gift, donation, purchase, 
 or any other contract, and also by last will and testament, the privileges granted to 
 them as any other kind of property. 
 
 20. Assignments and transfers shall have to be made by public deed, which shall 
 set forth whether the privilege has been transferred for the purpose of being put 
 into practice in" the whole district or in only one of the Provinces or localities of the 
 same; also whether the transfer is absolute and in full; whether the patentee shall 
 or shall not use it himself, and whether the assignee shall or shall not have the right 
 to transfer the patent to some one else in his turn. 
 
 '21. Assignees shall be bound to file a certified copy of theHeed of assignment with 
 the intendent before whom the application for the patent was originally filed; and 
 he, after having caused the said deed to be recorded, shall forward it to the capital 
 of the island and'to the board of commerce or promotion of public welfare. The 
 intendent shall also give notice of the transfer to my secretary of fomento, who will 
 transmit the information thus given to him to the Royal Conservatory of Arts, where 
 proper record shall be made of the said transfer in the manner and form specified in 
 article 13. The transfer of the patent shall be null and void if the certified copy of 
 the deed of transfer is not filed as above provided within sixty days after the date of 
 execution. 
 
 22. The duration of the privileges shall be counted from the date of the patent. 
 
 23. Patents shall be terminated and become valueless in the following cases: 
 
 (1) At the expiration of the period for which they were granted. 
 
 (2) When the interested parties do not apply for the royal letters of patents 
 within three months, to be counted from the dates of the applications. 
 
 (3) When the patentee himself, or some one else in his name, has failed to put 
 the patent into practice within the time fixed for that purpose. 
 
 (4) When the patentee abandons the patent, total suspension of the exercise of 
 the patent for an uninterrupted period of one year and one day will be considered 
 as abandonment. 
 
 (5) When evidence is produced that the object protected by a patent of introduc- 
 tion is in practice in some other district or is described in printed books, plates, 
 models, drawings, etc., preserved in the city councils, boards of commerce, econom- 
 ical societies. Government archives, etc., without having passed the three years 
 mentioned in article 6, and, finally, when it is found out that the machinery or 
 process protected by the patent and represented as new and a matter of invention of 
 the applicant is established and in practice in some other part of the dominions of 
 His Majesty or in foreign countries. 
 
 24. At the expiration of the term of the patent the president of the board of com- 
 merce or promotion of public welfare shall give notice to the intendant of the capital 
 of the island, who shall report the fact to the superior directive board, where a reso- 
 lution shall be passed directing that the patent be canceled. Information of these 
 
288 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 proceedings shall be transmitted by the said board to the department of fomento 
 and through it to the director of the Royal Conservatory. 
 
 25. In all other cases of termination of a patent the declaration shall be made by 
 the court of competent jurisdiction at the request of some interested party. The 
 said court, upon consideration of the evidence produced before it, shall decide 
 whether the patent has or has not been terminated. 
 
 26. The courts of competent jurisdiction in these matters shall be the courts of the 
 intendants of the respective Provinces. The petitions shall be filed before the 
 intendant of the Province where the patentee is domiciled. The appeals against the 
 decisions of the intendants shall be taken to the superior board for matters of con- 
 tention and from this board to the council. 
 
 27. As soon as a patent shall be terminated or is terminated for any of the reasons 
 stated in article 23, the intendant shall give notice of the fact to the board of com- 
 merce or promotion of public welfare, which shall proceed to open the package 
 containing the documents that were presented at the time when the application was 
 filed. Everything shall then be made public, for which purpose the proper notice 
 shall be printed in the Diario del Gobierno. 
 
 28. As at the present time, and by virtue of the provisions of the Code of Com- 
 merce and other royal decisions, the board of commerce is now established in 
 Habana, the said board shall continue to take care of the promotion of all the 
 branches of public welfare in the island as was done before by the board which was 
 called "board of government." In Porto Eico the board of commerce and promo- 
 tion of public welfare is to be established and organized according to the ordinance 
 of February 17, 1832; and in the Philippine Islands the corporation which is to be 
 established either under the provisions of the Code of Commerce and the ordinance 
 of July 26, 1832, shall be competent to deal with all matters regarding the promotion 
 of agriculture and industry in the archipelago. 
 
 29. The patentee or his assignee shall have the right to prosecute judicially all of 
 their property. The competent authorities to try these cases of infringement shall 
 be the intendants of the provinces where the defendants reside, and the appeals shall 
 have to be taken to the superior board for matters of contention and from the latter 
 to the council. 
 
 30. Inventors who have obtained a privilege in these dominions or in Cuba, Porto 
 Eico, or the Philippine Islands, shall have the right to use the same or put it into 
 practice in any place whatever within my dominions, and shall have the right to sell 
 or transfer it as provided in article 17, provided that they obtain from the council, 
 within one year from the date of the patent, a permit to do so. After the expiration 
 of the said year no one shall have the right to apply for a patent of introduction and 
 put it into operation. 
 
 31. Upon sufficient proof of the infringement the guilty parties shall be condemned 
 to the loss of all the machines, apparatuses, utensils, etc., which have been used, and 
 to the payment of a fine of three times over and above the value of the patent, said 
 value to be determined by experts. The amount to be paid by the infringer shall be 
 given to the patentee. 
 
 32. Patents granted before the present date shall continue to be in force without 
 change. Those which have been granted subsequent to the provisions of a subse- 
 quent law shall be governed by those of the present ordinance. 
 
 Therefore I do hereby command, etc. 
 
 Done at the Palace this 30th day of July, 1833. 
 
 I, THE King. 
 By command of the King, our Lord: 
 Mateo de ActtEEo. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 289 
 
 Form No. 1. 
 
 To the Intendant of the Province of ; 
 
 I, N. , a resident of , doing business as — ■ , respectfully represent: 
 
 That in order to secure proprietary rights on a machine (or instrument or apparatus, 
 etc.) which I have invented (or imported from abroad), to be used for (such and 
 such purposes), and doing as commanded by His Majesty, I come before you and 
 submit, together with this application, a sealed package, upon which the following 
 inscription has been affixed (copy the inscription here); and therefore I pray you to 
 be pleased to cause the word ' ' Presentado " to be stamped iipon the package, provide 
 me with a receipt thereof, and refer the whole matter to the superior directive board 
 (either directly or through me) for such action as may be proper under the law. 
 
 Here the date and the signature of the applicant or of his attorney. 
 
 Forvi No. 2. 
 Most Excellent Sir: I, N. , a resident of , doing business as , 
 
 respectfully represent: That in order to secure proprietary rights on a machine 
 (apparatus, etc.) which he invented (or introduced from abroad), to be used for 
 (such and such purposes), he now comes and appears, and in compliance with the 
 law enacted on the subject by His Majesty, prays your excellency to be pleased to 
 cause a patent to be issued in His Majesty's name and in favor of your petitioner, 
 
 granting him the corresponding privilege for the period of years. 
 
 Date, signature, etc. 
 
 Form No. 3. 
 
 Application for royal letters patent of privilege filed by N. , a resident of 
 
 , requesting the intendant of to do this and that (here a copy of the 
 
 prayers of the application). 
 
 Date, signature, etc. 
 
 Here, at the foot of the above, the intendant shall write "Presentado" and affix 
 his signature. 
 
 Form No. 4- 
 
 I, Don N. (here the name and titles of the governor). 
 
 Whereas, Don N. (here the name, residence, etc., of the applicant) has 
 
 stated to me, in his memorial of such a date, that in order to secure proprietary 
 rights on machine (instrument, process, etc.) which he has invented (or has 
 imported from abroad), to be used for such and such purposes (here the purposes as 
 stated in the memorial), he desires that, as commanded by His Majesty, the proper 
 letters patent of privilege be issued in his favor; 
 
 Therefore, in use of the powers which are vested in me, and in the na,me of the 
 
 King, our Lord (whom God may keep) , I do hereby grant to the said Don N. , 
 
 by means of this patent, the exclusive privilege to use, manufacture, or sell the said 
 invention (instrument, etc.) for a period of time to be counted from the date of this 
 
 patent to the of , A. D. , on which it shall terminate. And the 
 
 said Don N. shall have the right to assign, or sell, or transfer, or convey by 
 
 contract or last will the exclusive privilege which is hereby granted him. And in 
 compliance with the commands of His Majesty, all persons are forbidden, under the 
 penalties established by law, to interfere with said privilege. This patent shall have 
 to be recorded at the office of the secretary of the intendant and at the office of the 
 board of commerce and promotion of public welfare, when the required fees shall 
 have to be paid, the patent to be nuil and of no effect if said fees are not paid. 
 
 Date, signature, seal, etc. 
 
 159a— G5 19 
 
290 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 By royal order of January 17, 1873, the issue of patents of "introduction" was for- 
 bidden. 
 
 No. 3. 
 
 Civil order No. 196. 
 
 Headquarters Department of Cuba, 
 
 Habana, October 19, 1899. 
 The military governor of Cuba directs the publication of the following order: 
 
 I. The rules pertaining to the issuance of letters patent in the island of Cuba, as 
 promulgated by royal decree of June 30, 1833, are modified so as to substitute one 
 sole term of seventeen years instead of the three terms comtemplated by said decree. 
 
 II. The Government fees as provided in said decree are abolished, and one uni- 
 form fee of 135 is substituted therefor. 
 
 Adna E.. Chaffee, 
 Brigadier- General, Chief of Staff. 
 
 No. 4. 
 Announcement by the secretary of agriculture, industry, commerce, and public works. 
 
 The military governor of the island, at the suggestion of this department, has 
 been pleased to order, on the 7th instant, that the benefits of order No. 196 be 
 extended to all those who from the 1st of January of the present year until this date 
 have succeeded in obtaining the concession of patents, but have failed to get the 
 patent certificate within the time fixed by the royal ordinance of June 30, 1833. 
 
 This is published in the Gaceta de la Habana for general information. 
 
 Habana, November 12, 1899. 
 
 Adolfo Saenz Yanez, Secretary. 
 
 No. 5. 
 Announcement by the secretary of agriculture, industry, commerce, and public works. 
 
 The honorable secretary of this department has been pleased to order that proper 
 notice be given to all persons who are in possession of patents issued by the Spanish 
 Government and admitted to be valid up to December 31, 1898, that in order to give 
 them the protection to which they are entitled under article 13 of the treaty of peace 
 between the United States and Spain, they must file in this department, with the 
 least possible delay, the duplicates of the petitions, drawings, specifications, and 
 models which should be in their possession, thus enabling the department to compare 
 their patents with others from the United States of indentical titles and subjects, the 
 inscription of which in this island has been requested, and decide as may be proper 
 and just. 
 
 This is published for general information. 
 
 Habana, November l6, 1897. 
 
 B. Pichardo, 
 Assistant Secretary. 
 
HAISTDBOOK OF CUBA. 291 
 
 No. 6. 
 
 Civil order No. 216, series of 1900. 
 
 Headquarters Department of Cuba, 
 
 Habana, May 26, 1900. 
 The military governor of Cuba, upon the recommendation of the secretary of 
 agriculture, commerce, and industries, directs the publication of the following order: 
 
 I. Notice is hereby given to all persons in legal possession of letters patent registered 
 in Madrid, Spain, and extended to the island of Cuba, to exhibit the duplicates of 
 models, plans, and specifications of their patents, or an authenticated copy of the 
 same, together with a certificate that they are in force in Spain, in accordance with 
 section 5 of the royal decree of August 14, 1880, within six months from the date of 
 this order, in order to protect them from pending infringements. 
 
 II. American patents already forwarded for registration and those that may here- 
 after be forwarded will at once be entered in the special register in the office of the 
 secretary of agriculture, commerce, and industries conditionally, reserving the 
 decision in regard to the definite inscription or absolute rejection of such as are 
 determined to be infringements in accordance with the proofs obtained, within the 
 period of six months, as provided in paragraph I of this order, upon the expiration 
 of which period the inscription will be made in full, leaving to the parties concerned 
 after that date the right of settling their differences before courts of justice. 
 
 J. B. HiCKEY, 
 
 Assistant Adjutant- General. 
 
 No. 7. 
 
 Civil order No. 497, series of 1900. 
 
 Headquarters Department of Cuba, 
 
 Habana, December 10, 1900. 
 The military governor of Cuba, upon the recommendation of the secretary of 
 agriculture, commerce, and industries, directs the publication of the following order: 
 
 I. The requirements of order No. 216, series of 1900, from these headquarters, refer- 
 ring to American letters patent, are hereby extended to Cuban letters patent as well as 
 to those granted by other nations; in consequence, letters patent forwarded for regis- 
 tration which may appear as infringing on Spanish patents shall be entered in full 
 in the register of the department of agriculture, commerce, and industries if, within 
 the period of six months granted by said order No. 216, the owners thereof have not 
 exhibited the duplicates of models, plans, and specifications of same for the necessary 
 examination and decision in case of said infringement. 
 
 II. The inscriptions in full of Cuban and foreign letters patent shall be made in 
 every case as directed for American patents, leaving the right to the owners of 
 Spanish patents to settle their differences before the courts of justice. 
 
 J. B. Hickey, 
 Assistant Adjutant-General. 
 
292 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 TRADE-MARK LAW. 
 I. 
 
 Royal decree of August 21, 1884- 
 
 PKEAMBLE. 
 
 Sire: Owing to the confusion and vagueness whicti for some time has been noticed 
 in the important question of trade-marks in the provinces beyond the seas, the neces- 
 sity for revision of the law on that subject is keenly felt. Public opinion is strongly 
 in favor of having the tobacco manufacturing industry in Cuba and Porto Rico efl&- 
 ciently protected. It is urgent that an end should be put to the insecurity resulting 
 from the present state of affairs in the tobacco industry, in order that this industry, 
 constituting w^ealth of such importance on account of the special conditions of the 
 island of Cuba, be properly attended to and developed. All of this was known, Sire, 
 to one of my predecessors who, after duly considering the suggestion made by cer- 
 tain manufacturers and the opinions of the proper advisory boards of the island, 
 framed a bill which was introduced in the Cortes in the session of 1882-83. Unfor- 
 tunately the bill, although recommended by the respective committee and discussed 
 and passed in the Chamber of Deputies, failed to secure consideration by the Senate 
 owing to the fact of its adjournment. It might, perhaps, have been better to intro- 
 duce again the same bill and proclaim it when passed; but the conditions now 
 existing in Cuba are such that no delay can be countenanced if the great interests 
 connected with the tobacco industry are to be saved from the ruin which also 
 threatens industries of no less importance in the island. Fortunately for the under- 
 signed minister, the law authorized him to recommend a measure which shall put an 
 end to those evils. The law of July 25 of the present year granted him, among 
 other things, the power to adopt measures tending to protect in an eflBicient manner 
 the tobacco industry in the two Antilles, and the minister who has now the honor 
 to address Your Majesty considers that the greatest protection which may be given 
 in this matter consists in securing for those who employ their capital and labor in 
 the very important industry of the manufacture of tobacco the perfect and unques- 
 tionable ownership of their products and trade-marks. 
 
 Founded upon this business, and duly complying at the same time with the pro- 
 visions of article 11 of the law above-mentioned of July 25 ultimo, the colonial min- 
 ister has the high honor of submitting to the approval of Your Majesty the following 
 draft of a decree. 
 
 Sire: 
 
 To the royal feet of Your Majesty. 
 
 Manuel Aguieke de Tetada. 
 
 ROYAL decree. 
 
 Taking into consideration the reasons set forth by the colonial minister and the 
 opinion of the council of ministers, I have seen fit to decree the following: 
 
 Title I. 
 General provisions. 
 
 Articl^ 1. The following shall be considered trade-marks and marks of commerce 
 and agriculture: 
 
 The names of the manufacturers, merchants, agriculturists, or companies formed 
 by the same, the names of business houses, emblems, coats of arms, engravings, 
 vignettes, marks, stamps, seals, stamps in relief, letters, numbers, envelopes, cover- 
 ings, wrappings, or any sign of whatever class and form used by the merchant, agri- 
 culturist, or company to distinguish their products or merchandise and secure them 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 298 
 
 in order that the pubhc may know and distinguish them from others of the same 
 nature. 
 
 AiiT. 2. The drawings or designs destined to be stamped on fabrics or on paper 
 patterns to be used for decoration, models for jewelry, cabinet making, sculpture, 
 and in general all industrial drawings or models shall be comprsed in this class and 
 enjoy the benefits of this decree. 
 
 Art. 3. Signs or other material or external designations by means of which a 
 merchant distinguishes his own establishment from others of the same kind are not 
 objects of this decree. 
 
 Art. 4. All manufacturers, merchants, agriculturists, or business men of any other 
 class who individually or collectively may wish to use the same mark to distinguish 
 the products of their respective factories, articles of their commerce, agricultural raw 
 material of their own production, etc., from all others of the same nature, and those 
 who should wish to retain the ownership of industrial drawings and models shall 
 have to ask for a certificate of ownership under the provisions of the present decree. 
 
 Those who should fail to provide themselves with the said certificate shall have 
 no right to use any mark to distinguish the products of their industry or prevent 
 other parties from using their stamps, industrial drawings, or models. 
 
 Art. 5. Manufacturers, merchants, agriculturists, or business men of any kind 
 shall be free to adopt for the products of their factory, commerce, or agricultural 
 industry, the trade-marks which they may deem advisable, excepting the following: 
 
 1. The national coat of arms and the insignia and decorations of Spain, unless 
 upon competent authority to that effect. 
 
 2. The coats of arms, insignia, mottoes, etc., of foreign states or nations without 
 the express consent of the respective governments. 
 
 3. The denominations generally used in trade to distinguish the class of merchan- 
 dise. 
 
 4. Any drawing or representation offending public morals, and caricatures tending 
 to ridicule ideas, persons, or objects worthy of consideration. 
 
 5. The marks already used by someone else under the authority of the proper 
 certificate as long as the said certificate has not become void according to the provi- 
 sions of the present decree. 
 
 6. The mark's which on account of their resemblance to other marks already 
 granted may lead to confusion or error. 
 
 7. Marks relating to any kind of religious worship, if it appears that the mark 
 offends even unintentionally the said worship. 
 
 8. The portraits of living persons unless with their permission, and the portraits 
 of dead persons if their relatives within the fourth civil degree do not make opposi- 
 tion. 
 
 Art. 6. The use of trade-marks is only obligatory for articles of gold and silver, 
 chemical and pharmaceutical products, and any other product or article to be 
 determined by special rules. 
 
 Title II. 
 
 Ownership of trade-marks and industrial drawings and models. 
 
 Art. 7. No one shall have the right to enforce the ownership of trade-marks or 
 industrial drawings or models if he is not provided with the proper certificate and 
 shows that he has complied with the provisions of the present decree. 
 
 Art. 8. When two or more persons apply for the same mark the right to use it 
 shall belong to the one who first filed the application according to the day and hour 
 on which it appears that it was filed. 
 
 Art. 9. Nq one shall have the right to request or acquire more than one mark for 
 the same industry or the same class of products. 
 
294 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Art. 10. Spanish manufacturers, merchants, agriculturists, or business men or 
 companies composed of Spaniards shall be the only ones entitled to obtain a certifi- 
 cate of ownership of trade-marks or industrial drawings or models. 
 
 Foreigners owning in the ultramarine provinces industrial establishments shall 
 enjoy for their products the benefits of this decree if they comply with its provisions. 
 
 Art. 11. Foreigners residing outside of Spain shall have the right granted to them 
 by the treaties concluded with their respective nations, and if there is no treaty a 
 strict reciprocity shall be observed. 
 
 Title III. 
 
 Legal effects of the certificates of otvnership of trade-marks and industrial drawings or 
 
 models. 
 
 Art. 12. Those who, in conformity with the provisions of this decree, should 
 obtain a certificate of ownership of trade-marks or industrial drawings or models 
 shall have power — 
 
 1. To criminally prosecute before the courts, subject to the provisions of the penal 
 code and of the present decree, those who should use their marks, industrial draw- 
 ings, or models counterfeited or imitated in such a way as to cause them to be taken 
 as genuine; those who should use marks containing indications capable of deceiving 
 the purchaser about the nature of the product; those who, without competent author- 
 ity, should use genuine trade-marks or industrial drawings or models; and, lastly, 
 those who, without counterfeiting the trade-mark, detach it from some article and 
 aflix it to another. 
 
 2. To bring civil action before the courts of justice to recover damages against 
 those who have counterfeited or imitated the trade-mark, industrial drawing, or 
 model. 
 
 3. To sue for damages the merchant who takes away from the article without the 
 express consent of the owner the trade-mark or distinctive sign affixed by him; but 
 nothing shall prevent any person from adding to the trade-mark another mark or sign 
 of his own or of his establishment. 
 
 4. To oppose the granting of a certificate of ownership of trade-mark, industrial 
 drawings, or models when requested, if it prove to be equal to his own or so similar 
 to it as to cause the purchaser to be deceived. 
 
 Art. 13. The granting of a certificate of ownership of trade-marks, drawings, or 
 models shall be always understood without prejudice to the right of third parties. 
 
 Art. 14. Foreign articles with Spanish marks are forbidden, and they shall be 
 confiscated upon their arrival at the custom-houses of Spain. This provision shall 
 also apply to cases in which the marks are completely new, counterfeited, or simply 
 imitated. The right of the owner of a trade-mark to prosecute civilly and criminally 
 the counterfeiter or imitator of his trade-mark shall be always preserved. 
 
 Art. 15. The property protected by the certificates of trade-marks, industrial 
 drawings, or models shall be considered for the purposes of transfer or conveyance 
 and for all other purposes of law exactly on the same footing as all personal property. 
 
 Criminal actions in this matter shall be barred by limitation in the manner and 
 form established by the penal code. 
 
 Art. 16. For the better protection of the assignees of trade-marks, industrial draw- 
 ings, and models, information shall be given to the governor-general of each island 
 by the respective provincial governors of every transfer, whether by contract or by 
 descent of the trade-mark, drawing, or model. A certified copy of the deed of trans- 
 fer or of the provision of the will by which it was conveyed shall be filed within 
 the period of three months, to be counted from the date of the transfer, and the 
 deeds shall be recorded in the Royal Economical Society. 
 
handbook: of cuba. 295 
 
 Title IV. 
 Extinction of the right of ownership of trade-marks. 
 
 Art. 17. The certificates of ownership shall become extinct and terminated at the 
 expiration of fifteen years, to be counted from the date of their concession; but they 
 may be renewed by exactly the same process as was followed for their acquisition. 
 
 Akt. 18. The certificate shall also become extinct — 
 
 1. By the dissolution or extinction of the corporation to which they belong. 
 
 2. By final decision of .a court of competent jurisdiction, though in this case the 
 extinction refers only to the party against which the decision was given. 
 
 3. Upon petition of the owner. 
 
 4. When the object of the trade-mark has not been put into operation in the Span- 
 ish dominions within the time established by this decree. 
 
 5. When the owner has failed to exercise for one year and one day the industry 
 or business to be protected by the trade-mark, unless he proves that the suspension 
 was due to superior force. 
 
 6. By the failure to comply with all the other requisites established by this decree. 
 
 Art. 19. Applications for a certificate of ownership shall be dismissed if the for- 
 malities required by this decree are not duly observed within the thirty days subse- 
 quent to the date on which they were filed, if tlie failure depends upon causes 
 imputable to the applicant. 
 
 Art. 20. The declaration that a trade-mark is extinguished under the provisions 
 of article 18, Nos. 1, 3, 4, and 6, corresponds to the colonial secretary in case that 
 the mark was granted for the colonial possessions, but notice to the director of the 
 respective economical society is to be previously given. Against the decision of the 
 colonial secretary a claim can be presented within twenty days before the section of 
 the council of state which is in charge of suits against the Government. 
 
 When the extension of the trade-mark is founded upon failure to work it for one 
 year and one day, the declaration of the fact corresponds to the courts of justice upon 
 motion of a legitimate party. 
 
 Corporations which by virtue of this decree may be owners of trade-marks may 
 apply at any time for the declaration of extinction upon proper proof being filed for 
 this purpose. Questions arising in these cases in regard to the ownership or posses- 
 sion of the trade-mark shall be decided by the courts of justice to which the executive 
 authority shall send the record, giving notice thereof to the respective parties. 
 
 Title V. 
 
 Formalities for issuing certificates. 
 
 Art. 21. The ownership of trade-marks recognized by this decree shall be acquired 
 by the certificate herein provided for and the compliance with all other provi- 
 sions of the present decree. 
 
 Art. 22. In order that the manufacturers may enforce the responsibility incurred 
 by the infringers of their privileges secured by a trade-mark, they shall previously 
 request the governors of their respective Provinces to issue in their favor the corre- 
 sponding certificate. The application shall be accompanied by a statement showing 
 the class of mark adopted, the ciphers, letters, and signs of which the mark consists, 
 the articles upon which it is to be stamped or aflfixed, and the name of the owner. 
 A duplicate drawing exactly representing the mark shall also accompany the appli- 
 cation. The same application shall have to be made when the desired certificate 
 refers to the ownership of an industrial drawing or model. 
 
 Art. 23. When the manufacturers desire to observe secrecy as to the methods 
 employed in the stamping of the mark or industrial drawing, they shall place a 
 
296 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 description of the method and process in a sealed envelope, which shall not be opened 
 unless in case of litigation. 
 Art. 24. The provincial governors shall keep a register, in which they shall enter — 
 
 1. The daj' and hour on which the application is filed. 
 
 2. The name of the interested party or his attorney. 
 
 3. The profession, domicile, or business of the party claiming the ownership, and 
 the class of articles, .merchandise, etc., to which the mark or industrial drawing or 
 model is to be affixed. 
 
 4. A particular description of the trade-mark, industrial drawing, or model to be 
 covered by the cei'tificate of ownership, this description to be accompanied by one 
 of the drawings which the applicant has to file under the provisions of article 22, 
 shall be affixed. 
 
 These entries shall be numbered in regular order and a duplicate copy shall be 
 made of each one. 
 
 Art. 25. Each application shall be kept with all other papers and copies of papers 
 relating to the same subject, in order to form a complete record of the case. 
 
 Art. 26. The provincial governors shall give to the applicants a certified copy of 
 the entry made in the register under article 24, showing the date of the filing of the 
 application; and within six days and under their responsibility they shall forward 
 to the governor-general the application and accompanying documents, one of the 
 copies to which article 24 refers and the duplicate of the drawing which, according 
 to article 22, the applicant must present. 
 
 Art. 27. Upon the advice of the Royal Economical Society, which in its turn 
 shall ask the municipal council of the city of Habana for an opinion, in matters 
 relating to tobacco, cigars, cigarettes, and matches, upon the question whether the 
 trade-mark, industrial drawing or model has or has not been previously used or 
 whether it belongs to a third party, the manufacturer shall be given a certificate 
 showing that he has filed and registered his trade-mark, industrial drawing, or model, 
 the form and circumstances of the mark to be indicated with due precision and 
 clearness. 
 
 Art. 28. The applicant shall pay for the issue of the patent, under penalty of 
 extinction of the privilege, |12.50 in the proper stamped paper, the stub of which 
 shall be added to the record. The certificate shall be signed by the governor-general 
 and recorded in the register to be kept for that purpose in the division of industry 
 and commerce in the office of the general secretary. 
 
 Art. 29. The copy of the drawing which, according to article 26, the provincial 
 governors have to forward to the governor-general in order that the certificate may 
 be issued to the interested parties, shall be kept in the archives of the Royal Eco- 
 nomical Society. A list of all the titles of certificates shall be published every three 
 months in the Gaceta, and a general list of the same shall be published at the end of 
 the year. In case of litigation the original drawing or the certified copy thereof, to 
 which article 26 refers, shall be accepted before the competent court. 
 
 Art. 30. As the registration of foreign marks is to be regulated by international 
 conventions concluded to that effect with the respective Governments, all the appli- 
 cations filed for that purpose shall be referred for the proper decision to the Govern- 
 ment of His Majesty. 
 
 Art. 31. There shall be a special register kept, with all the formalities established 
 in article 24, for the registration of marks belonging to foreigners not residents of 
 the Spanish dominions, and the entries made in that register shall set forth the 
 name of the country where the industrial, commercial, or agricultural establishment 
 of the owner of the mark, drawing, or model is situated, and also the diplomatic 
 convention by which reciprocity in this matter has been established. 
 
 Art. 32. The manufacturers, business men, merchants, or agriculturalists who, 
 residing in tlie Spanish peninsula or in the islands adjacent thereto, should like to 
 
HATSTDBOOK OF CUBA. 297 
 
 secure in the transmarine provinces the ownership of the marks which distinguish 
 their trade-marks, drawings, or models, shall, if their trade-marks are authorized 
 and recognized and if they themselves have been provided with the proper certifi- 
 cates of ownership issued in accordance with the laws regulating this matter, apply 
 to the colonial secretary, stating their wishes and appending to their application an 
 authentic copy of their title papers and duplicate drawings, representing the mark, 
 drawing, or model belonging to them. 
 
 A copy of these papers shall be sent by the colonial secretary to the governor- 
 general of the island where the ownership of the mark, drawing, or industrial model 
 is to be guaranteed in order that the rights of the interested parties shall be respected 
 and protected according to the provisions of the present royal decree. They shall 
 also have the right to apply directly or through their attorney to the governors- 
 general of the provinces in which they desire the ownership of their marks, drawings, 
 or models to be secured. 
 
 Art. 33. The governors-general of the colonial possessions shall enter in a special 
 register, in strict chronological order, both the applications filed before him directly 
 by interested parties residing in Spain, the adjacent islands, or other colonial posses- 
 sions and those which may be forwarded to them by the colonial secretary. In all 
 cases they will give to the interested parties, should they so desire, the proper cer- 
 tificate of receipt, and they shall publish the concession in the Gaceta of the capital, 
 as provided by article 29. 
 
 Art. 34. The ownership of the marks, drawings, and industrial models granted by 
 the secretary of fomento shall become extinct in the colonial possessions on the same 
 date on which the Conservatory of Arts published the extinction thereof in the Gaceta 
 of Madrid. 
 
 Art. 35. All persons domiciled in the colonial posessions who have obtained cer- 
 tificates of ownership for their marks, industrial drawings, or models in conformity 
 with this decree; shall cause this right to be recognized in all the Spanish dominions. 
 For that purpose they shall file a petition addressed to the governor-general setting 
 forth their desire in this respect, and the governor-general shall refer the application 
 with his report and a copy of the certificate granted, as well as the drawings repre- 
 senting the mark, drawing, or industrial model, to the colonial secretary, who, 
 according to the circumstances of the case, shall either refer the matter to the secre- 
 tary of fomento or to the governors-general of the other possessions. 
 
 Art. 36. In issuing the certificates of ownership of trade-marks the following shall 
 be observed: 
 
 1. That merchants asking for certificates referring to one and the same identical 
 mark, although applied to different objects, shall be furnished Avith a single certifi- 
 cate only, which shall set forth the different applications the trade-mark may have. 
 
 2. That manufacturers who desire to use different marks (although somewhat 
 similar.) to be applied to the same article for the purpose of distinguishing their 
 respective qualities or for any other reason shall be granted a certificate for each 
 change or variation made in the -mark expressing the special use of each one, and 
 they shall be required to pay the fees established in article 28 as many times as 
 certificates are issued. 
 
 3. That manufacturers requesting the use of trade-marks for themselves or for their 
 sons or partners, in case they have established themselves abroad, shall, if all the 
 marks are actually in use, be given as many certificates as there are marks; but the 
 said certificates shall contain the name of the person in whose favor the certificate is 
 issued, so that in case his father or partner retires from business the name of the 
 owner may be known. The fees established by this decree shall be as set forth in 
 the article immediately preceding for each one of the certificates of issue. 
 
298 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Title VI. 
 
 The publication of trade-marks, industrial drawings, or models and descriptions, drawings, 
 
 or facsimiles of the same. 
 
 Art. 37. The secretary of the governor-general shall cause, during the second half 
 of the months of January, April, June, and October, a list of all the certificates of 
 trade-marks, industrial drawings, or models granted during the previous quarter to 
 be published in the official Gaceta. This publication shall clearly express the object 
 of the trade-mark. 
 
 The provincial governors shall order, as soon as the said lists appear in the Gaceta, 
 the same to be reprinted in the official bulletins or nevs^spapers of the locality; and 
 if there is none, they shall be made public by announcements or bills displayed in 
 public places. 
 
 Art. 38. The descriptions and drawings of trade-marks, industrial drawings, and 
 models shall be exhibited and at the disposal of the public in the offices of the secre- 
 taries of the Royal Economical societies during the hours that the presidents of the 
 same may designate. 
 
 Title VII. 
 
 Penal provisions. 
 
 Art. 39. The following shall be punished by executive order with a fine of from $15 
 to |45, without prejudice to the civil and criminal actions which may arise from 
 their acts: 
 
 1. Those who should use a trade-mark, industrial drawing, or model without hav- 
 ing obtained the corresponding certificate of ownership. 
 
 2. Those who, although legitimate owners of a trade-mark, should apply it to arti- 
 cles different from those for which it was granted. 
 
 3. Those who should detach from an article of merchandise the trade-mark of the 
 producer or owner without his express consent. 
 
 4. Those who should use a mark after the lapse of ninety days subsequent to the 
 publication of the present decree without having complied with the provisions of the 
 same in its transitory articles. 
 
 5. Those who should use a trade-mark transferred to them without having proved 
 and entered the transfer within a period of ninety days. 
 
 Failure to pay these fines shall subject the delinquent party to imprisonment at 
 the rate of one day for each dollar of the fine. 
 
 Art. 40. The following shall be punished with a fine of from |45 to $135 and to 
 imprisonment as established above in case of failure to pay the fine: 
 
 1. Those who should commit a second offense, this fact to be established by proof 
 that they were punished for the same offense during the five preceding years. 
 
 2. Those who should use a trade-mark forbidden by law. 
 
 Art. 41. The provisions of article 228 of the Penal Code in force in Cuba and 
 Porto Rico shall be applicable to those who should use counterfeited marks imitating 
 in such way the genuine ones that the consumer may be led into error or confusion. 
 
 Art. 42. Those who should change wholly or in part their own trade-marks, 
 industrial drawings, or models without requesting and obtaining due authority to do 
 so shall forfeit their ownership of a mark. 
 
 Art. 43. The action to denounce the violations of this decree shall be public. 
 
HANDBOOK OV CUBA. 299 
 
 Title VIII. 
 Competent jurisdiction in matters of trade-marks. 
 
 Art. 44. The service relating to the ownership of trake-marks shall be in charge 
 of the civil governors of the transmarine provinces, under the dependency of the 
 respective governors-general. 
 
 It shall be the duty of the civil governors — 
 
 1. To keep a register of trade-marks, drawings, etc. 
 
 2. To take cognizance of all cases of application for a trade-mark, and matters 
 incident thereto, and submit them with their report to the governor-general. 
 
 3. To enforce the decisions of the superior authority. 
 
 4. To reprint in the official bulletins or in the newspapers of their respective 
 localities, and if there is no bulletin or newspaper, to give publicity by means of 
 announcements or bills, to be posted where they may be seen by all, to the lists of 
 certifiates of ownership of trade-marks granted by the Government during the pre- 
 ceding quarter, as soon as said list appears in the Gaceta. 
 
 It shall be the duty of governors-general — 
 
 1. To decide all cases of applications for trade-marks and the matters incidental 
 thereto, including those which under the Penal Code give rise to a criminal action. 
 
 2. To issue the certificates of ownership of the trade-marks. 
 
 3. To Inspect the service and registration of trade-marks. 
 
 4. To decide when and in what cases the penalties established by articles 39 and 
 40 are to be imposed, and communicate their decisions to the governor of the prov- 
 ince, in order that he may enforce them, and give the proof thereof by forwarding, 
 within the next fifteen days, the stubs or portions of the stamped papers with which 
 the fines were paid. 
 
 5. To see that the present decree be faithfully complied with. 
 
 8. To recommend to the colonial secretary the measures of general character 
 which may be useful to take for the better execution of this decree. 
 It shall be the duty of the colonial secretary — 
 
 1. To decide, on appeal, all cases of trade-marks taken to him. 
 
 2. To decide finally and without recourse all claims against the governors-general 
 arising out of fines fmposed by them, provided that the complaint is made within 
 sixty days from the date of the imposition of the fine. This period of sixty days 
 shall not admit of extension. 
 
 3. To make and promulgate proper rules for the execution of this decree, and take 
 all other measures of general character which may be deemed necessary. 
 
 The division of the council of state vested with the power to act as a tribunal in 
 cases to which the Government is a party shall take cognizance of the claims filed 
 against the colonial department under the provisions of Title IV of the present decree. 
 
 Art. 45. Questions in regard to the ownership and possession of trade-marks 
 shall fall under the jurisdiction of the ordinary courts of justice, and the action of the 
 executive authorities shall be confined to the exhibition of the drawings of the trade- 
 mark and to the recognition, in due time, of the rights of ownership of the party in 
 whose favor the decision of the court has been rendered. The trade-mark shall not 
 become extinct by the action of time during the litigation. 
 
 Title IX. 
 
 Transitory provisions. 
 
 Art. 46. Manufacturers, merchants, agriculturists, or the companies formed by 
 them, who may have been using a trade-mark without first securing the certificate 
 of ownership, shall have to ask for it within ninety days, to be counted from the 
 date of the present decree, and to abide, furthermore, by the provisions of the same. 
 
300 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Aet. 47. The registration of the trade-marks made in strict compliance with the 
 provisions of the decree of March 8, 1880, and of the royal order and regulations of 
 March 31, 1882, shall be valid for the effects of article 12 of the present decree. 
 
 Notwithstanding this, and in order to secure uniformity for the registration of 
 trade-marks, the interested parties shall have to come again within one year — a 
 period which shall not be extended — and apply for a new registration in the manner 
 and form established by article 11 of the aforesaid regulations of March 31, 1882. 
 
 Art. 48. The failure on the part of any person or company referred to in the two 
 preceding articles to apply for the certificate of registration as therein directed shall 
 be construed as a waiver of renouncement of the right to do so, and the ownership 
 of the trade-mark shall be granted to whomever may come and ask for it. 
 
 Art. 49. In order to secure that the collection of trade-marks, drawings, etc., to 
 be kept in the royal economical societies be as complete as desired, all merchants, 
 manufacturers, agriculturists, business men, etc., who are in lawful possession of a 
 trade-mark shall have to forward to the respective society within the period of ninety 
 days two copies of their respective marks. The failure to do so shall render them 
 liable to the fine established by article 39. 
 
 Art. 50. The Government shall publish such rules as may be necessary for the 
 execution of this royal decree. 
 
 Art. 51. All previous laws and regulations which may be in opposition to the 
 present royal decree are hereby repealed. 
 
 Art. 52. The Government shall endeavor to secure the recognition by foreign gov- 
 ernments of the ownership of the Cuban trade-marks, either by including it in the 
 commercial treaties which may be concluded by it or by special conventions to that 
 
 effect. 
 Art. 53. The Government shall report to the Cortes the promulgation of this royal 
 
 decree. 
 Done at El Ferrol on the 21st day of August, 1884. 
 
 Alfonso. 
 By the King: 
 
 Manuel Aguirre de Tejada, 
 
 Colonial Secretary. 
 
 II. 
 
 Civil order No. 511. 
 
 Headquarters Department op Cuba, 
 
 Hahana, December 18, 1900. 
 The military governor of Cuba, upon the recommendation of the secretary of 
 agriculture, commerce, and industries, directs the publication of the following order: 
 
 I. Paragraph 2, article 36, of the royal decree of the 21st of August, 1884, referring 
 to concession and use of trade-marks in the island of Cuba, is hereby annulled. 
 
 II. In place and stead of said paragraph, the following is hereby declared to be in 
 force from and after +he date of the publication of this order: 
 
 Manufacturers, merchants, agriculturists, and industrials applying for registration 
 of the same marks having distinguishing minor details, with the object of pointing 
 out the various classes and grades of one product, or for any other motive, shall be 
 furnished with a certificate of registration for each variation of the mark, stating 
 their special use, and charging them the corresponding fees ($12.50 United States 
 currency) for each certificate issued. 
 
 H. L. Scott, Adjutant- General. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 301 
 
 III. 
 
 Civil order No. 512. 
 
 Headquarters Department op Cuba, 
 
 Hahana, December 19, 1900. 
 The military governor of Cuba, upon the recommendation of the secretary of jus- 
 tice, directs the publication of the following order: 
 
 I. Paragraph 1, article 12, of the royal decree of August 21, 1884, is hereby amended 
 by adding at the end thereof the following: 
 
 ' ' Those who should buy or sell receptacles stamped in a permanent manner with 
 a trade-mark, which is registered in the name of another person, except when the 
 sale is made to the latter person or his authorized agent; and those who should use 
 such receptacles, and fill them for the purpose of sale with articles of the same or 
 similar nature. In such cases the receptacles shall be seized, and the infringer shall 
 forfeit them to the benefit of the owner of the trade-mark." 
 
 II. Article 287 of the Penal Code is hereby amended by adding to the end thereof 
 the following: 
 
 " The same penalty shall be incurred by those who buy or sell receptacles stamped 
 in a permanent manner with a trade-mark which is registered in the name of another 
 person, or who use such receptacles, placing therein for sale the same or similar pro- 
 ducts as those for which said receptacles are used by the owner of the trade-mark. 
 In such cases the receptacles shall be seized, which the infringer shall forfeit to the 
 owner of the trade-mark. ' ' 
 
 III. This order shall take effect January 1, 1901. 
 
 H. L. Scott, Adjutant- General. 
 
 Translation of the Penal Code in force in Cuba and Porto Rico. 
 
 Art. 287. The counterfeiting of seals, marks, tickets, or countersigns which indus- 
 trial or commercial establishments make use of shall be punished with imprison- 
 ment at hard labor {presidio correccional) in its minimum and medium degrees. 
 
 IV. 
 
 Civil order No 18. 
 
 Headquarters Department op Cuba, 
 
 Hahana, January 17, 1901. 
 The military governor of Cuba, upon the recommendation of the secretary of agri- 
 culture, commerce, and industries, directs the publication of the following order: 
 
 I. Article 28, of the royal decree of August 21, 1884, referring to concession and 
 use of trade-marks in this island, is hereby amended to read as follows: 
 
 "Art. 28. The petitioner shall pay for fees, on the issuance of the title of owner- 
 ship, $12.50 United States currency. Said payment shall be made at the proper 
 office of finance within a term of thirty days from the date of the notification of the 
 concession of the trade-mark, design, or industrial model to the party concerned, 
 under the penalty of forfeiture, presenting at the department of agriculture, com- 
 merce, and industries the documents attesting such payment, so that said depart- 
 ment may issue the title mentioned, which shall be entered on the register opened 
 for this purpose at the bureau of commerce and industries of said department." 
 
 II. A term of forty-five days from the date of publication of this order is hereby 
 granted to those who having obtained in Cuba concessions of trade-marks, designs, 
 
302 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 or industrial models are not in possession of the corresponding title of ownership to 
 apply for them at the department of agriculture, commerce, and industries, and pay 
 thereon, upon delivery, the proper fees, as prescribed by regulations, under the 
 penalty of forfeiture. Those using trade-marks, designs, or industrial models with- 
 out the corresponding title of ownership will pay the fine which they may have 
 incurred, in accordance with the provisions of Paragraph I, article 39, of the royal 
 decree of August 21, 1884. 
 
 H. L. Scott, Adjutant- General. 
 
 V. 
 
 Oivil order No. 105. 
 
 Headquarters Department of Cuba, 
 
 Hahana, Ajjril 19, 1901. 
 
 The military governor of Cuba, upon the recommendation of the secretary of agri- 
 culture, commerce,' and industries, directs the publication of the following order: 
 
 Article 10 of the royal decree of Axigust 21, 1884, governing the concession and use 
 of trade-marks in this island is hereby amended to read as follows: 
 
 "Art. 10. The certificate of ownership of any mark, design, or industrial pattern 
 can only be obtained, for the purposes of this decree, by manufacturers, merchants, 
 agriculturists, or by persons engaged in any other industry, whether they be Cubans 
 or foreigners established in Cuba, and also by companies composed of any of such 
 
 persons." 
 
 J. B. Hickey, 
 Assistant Adjutant-General. 
 
 VI. 
 
 Civil order No. 160. 
 
 Headquarters Department of Cuba, 
 
 Hubana, June 18, 1901. 
 Under instructions from the secretary of war, the military governor of Cuba directs 
 the publication of the following order: 
 
 1. The rights of property in patents, copyrights, and trade-marks duly acquired 
 in Cuba, the Isle of Pines, and the island of Guam pursuant to the provisions of 
 Spanish law and existing in one or all of said islands on April 11, 1899, shall continue 
 unimpaired for the period for which they were granted, and the owner or owners 
 thereof shall be protected and their rights therein maintained: Provided, That the 
 original or a duly certified copy of the patent or of the certificate of registration of 
 the trade-mark or copyright is filed in the office of the governor of the island wherein 
 such protection is desired. 
 
 The certificates of registration of trade-marks issued prior to April 11, 1899, by a 
 Spanish provincial registry or the national registry of Spain, at Madrid, or the inter- 
 national registry at the bureau of the union for the protection of industrial property, at 
 Berne, Switzerland, shall receive such recognition and credence as were accorded them 
 in said islands under Spanish sovereignty; and an original certificate or duly certified 
 copy thereof shall be received and filed in the oflice of the governor of the island for 
 all purposes connected with this order witliout further or other certification. 
 
 2. The rights of property in patents, including design patents granted by the 
 United States, and in trade-marks, prints, and labels duly registered in the United 
 States Patent Office and in copyrights duly registered in the office of the Librarian of 
 Congress shall be maintained and protected by the government of civil affairs in the 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 303 
 
 islands above named: Provided, That a duly certified copy of the patent or of the 
 certificate of registration of the Qopyright, trade-mark, print, or label is filed in the 
 office of the governor of the island wherein such protection is desired. 
 
 3. An infringement of the rights protected by compliance with the provisions of this 
 order shall subject the person, firm, association, or corporation guilty of such infringe- 
 ment to the civil and penal liabilities created and imposed by such of the laws of 
 Spain relating to said matters as remain in force in said islands. 
 
 4. Such provisions of existing orders as are in conflict with this order are hereby 
 revoked. 
 
 Edward Carpenter, 
 First lAeutenant, Artillery Corps, Aid-de-Camp. 
 
 PROVISIONS RESPECTING PATENTS AND TRADE-MARKS. 
 
 Circular No. 12. 
 
 * 
 
 Division of Customs and Insular Affairs, War Department, 
 
 Washington, April 11, 1899. 
 The following is published for the information and guidance of all concerned: 
 In territory subject to military government by the military forces of the United 
 States owners of patents, including design patents, which have been issued or 
 which may hereafter be issued, and owners of trade-marks, prints, and labels duly 
 registered in the United States Patent Office under the laws of the United States 
 relating to the grant of patents and to the registration of trade-marks, prints, and 
 labels shall receive the protection accorded them in the United States under said laws; 
 and an infringem'ent of the rights secured by lawful issue of a patent or by registration 
 of a trade-mark, print, or label shall subject the person or party guilty of such 
 infringement to the liabilities created and imposed by the laws of the United States 
 relating to said matters: Provided, That a duly certified copy of the patent or of the 
 certificate of registration of the trade-mark, print, or label shall be filed in the office 
 of the governor-general of the island wherein such protection it desired : And pro- 
 vided further, That the rights of property in patents and trade-marks secured in the 
 islands of Cuba, Porto Rico, the Philippines, and other ceded territory to persons 
 under the Spanish laws shall be respected in said territory the same as if such laws 
 were in full force and effect. 
 
 G. D. Meiklejohn, 
 Acting Secretary of War. 
 
 II. 
 
 Circular No. 21. 
 
 Division of Customs and Insular Affairs, War Department, 
 
 Washington, D. C. , June 1, 1899. 
 The following is published for the information and guidance of all concerned: 
 Parties who desire protection in territory under government of the military forces 
 of the United States for patents, trade-marks, prints, or labels, as provided in cir- 
 cular No. 12, Division of Customs and Insular Affairs, War Department, should for- 
 ward a certified copy of the patent or of the certificate of registration of the trade-mark, 
 print, or label, together with a letter of transmittal, to the governor-general, request- 
 ing that such copy be filed in his office for reference. 
 
304 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Upon the receipt of such certii3ed copy the governor-general will issue his formal 
 receipt therefor and forward it to the party filing the same. 
 
 A fee of $1 will be charged for filing such copy, and should be inclosed with the 
 letter of transmittal to the governor-general. 
 
 The requirements for filing under the provisions of circular No. 12, above referred 
 to, apply only to patents duly issued and to trade-marks, prints, or labels duly reg- 
 istered in the United States Patent Office, under the laws of the United States. The 
 only certification required is that issued by the Commissioner of Patents. Commu- 
 nications should be addressed to the governor-general of Cuba, Habana, Cuba, or 
 governor-general of Porto Rico, San Juan, P. R., or governor-general of the Philip- 
 pine Islands, Manila, P. I. 
 
 G. D. Meiklejohn, 
 
 Assistant Secretary of War. 
 
 III. 
 
 Circular No. 34- 
 
 Division of Customs and Insular Affairs, War Department, 
 
 Washington, September 25, 1899. 
 The following is published for the information and guidance of all concerned: 
 So much of circular No. 21, of the Division of Customs and Insular Affairs, War 
 Department, dated June 1, 1899, as requires the payment of a fee for filing certified 
 copies of patents or certificates of registration of trade-marks, prints, or labels is 
 hereby rescinded. 
 
 Said circular No. 21 is hereby further amended by the addition thereto of the 
 following paragraphs: 
 
 "A power of attorney from the owner thereof, authorizing another, for him and 
 in his name, place, and stead, to file a certified copy of a patent or a certificate of 
 registration of a trade-mark, print, or label must be filed with such certified copy or 
 certificate of registration in each of the islands wherein the protection of such 
 patents, trade-marks, prints, or labels is desired. 
 
 "Assignments of patents, trade-marks, prints, or labels, or certified copies thereof, 
 must be filed in the same manner as herein provided for filing certified copies of 
 patents and certificates of registration of trade-marks, prints, or labels." 
 
 G. D. Meiklejohn, 
 Assistant Secretary of War. 
 
 IV. 
 
 areolar No. 38. 
 
 Division of Customs and Insular Affairs, War Department, 
 
 Washington, March 9, 1900. 
 The following is published for the information and guidance of all concerned: 
 So much of circular No. 34, Division of Customs and Insular. Affairs, as rescinded 
 the provisions of circular No. 21, same series, relating to fees is hereby revoked. 
 
 Said circulars, except so much of circular No. 34 as is hereby revoked, shall, on 
 and after this date, be given full force and effect in Cuba, Porto Rico, and the 
 Philippine Islands. 
 
 G. D. Meiklejohn, 
 Acting Secretary of War. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. _ 305 
 
 V. 
 
 Headquarters of the Division of Cuba, 
 
 Habana, May 14, 1000. 
 Whereas the portion of circular No. 34 of the Pivision of Customs and Insular 
 Affairs of the War Department, relating to fees has been repealed, all that is provided 
 in circular No. 21 of the same division remains, therefore, in force. The fee of |1, in 
 the currency of the United States, shall thus be paid for each certificate of patent, or 
 of trade-mark, engraving, print, etc., asked to be inscribed. The fee shall be inclosed 
 in the petition. 
 
 VI. 
 
 Headquarters Department op Cuba, 
 
 Habana, May 13, 1902. 
 
 Whereas the seventh clause of the transitory rules contained in the constitution 
 adopted by the constitutional convention of Cuba provides as follows: 
 
 "All laws, decrees, regulations, orders, and other rulings which may be in force 
 at the time of the promulgation of this constitution shall continue to be observed in 
 so far as they do not conflict with the said constitution, until such time as they may 
 be legally revoked or amended; " and 
 
 Whereas certain of the laws, decrees, regulations, orders, and other rulings made 
 and promulgated by the military governor of Cuba and now in force are in terms 
 specifically applicable and apparently limited to the military government and the 
 officers thereof: 
 
 Now, therefore, to the end that the foregoing provision may be fully operative, and 
 that none of the matters and things to which said laws, decrees, regulations, orders, 
 and rulings relate shall be, or appear to be, without regulation and control after the 
 termination of the military government and pending action thereon by the govern- 
 ment established under the said constitution when the same shall have taken effect: 
 
 It is hereby declared and ordered that each of the said laws, decrees, regulations, 
 orders, and other rulings made and promulgated by and under the military govern- 
 ment of Cuba shall be deemed to be general and continuing in its character, and to 
 be applicable to and binding upon all ofiicers of the Government of Cuba, under 
 whatsoever names or titles, who shall succeed the ofl&cers of the military government, 
 and to continue in force and effect under whatsoever government shall exist in Cuba 
 until such time as it may be legally revoked or amended pursuant to the provisions 
 of the constitution aforesaid. 
 
 Leonard Wood, Military Governor. 
 
 VII. 
 
 Decree of the Cuban Government on Americayi patents. 
 
 [Gaceta de la Habana of June 23, 1902.] 
 
 . Department of Agriculture, Commerce, and Industries, 
 
 Habana, June 21, 1902. 
 The military government of the United States having ended, by virtue of which, 
 according to the express text thereof, circulars Nos. 12 and 21, of April 11 and June 1, 
 1899, respectively, of the Division of Customs and Insular Affairs of the War Depart- 
 ment, Washington, relative to the registration of American brands and patents, are 
 without value or effect, inasmuch as said circulars were issued for the territories sub- 
 ject to military government by the military forces of the United States, I have resolved 
 
 159a— 05 20 
 
306 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 that patents and brands of all kinds, prints, labels, and trade-marks registered in the 
 Patent Office of the United States, the deposit of which, for their protection in this 
 island, is requested in the future, shall, from this day on, be registered in the Depart- 
 ment under my charge, if same is proper, through the medium of the same proce- 
 dure followed for the registration of those of other countries and payment of $?•- 
 currency for patents and §12. 50 currency for brands, prints, etc., or, that is, tl 
 same fees paid for all others, domestic and foreign, instead of $1 currency, fixed by th 
 said circular No. 21, with respect to those of the United States. 
 This is published in the Gaceta de la Habana for general information. 
 
 Emilio Terry, 
 Secretary of Agriculture, Commerce, and Industries. 
 
 REGISTRATION OF PATENTS. 
 
 The legation of Cuba at Washington, under date of May 27, 190J 
 furnished to the United States Government a translation of tb- 
 instruction regarding the procedure to be followed for the deposit i 
 Cuba of trade-marks and patents granted abroad, as follows: 
 
 For the deposit and resulting protection in this Republic of any foreign paten 
 the party in interest shall apply therefor to the department of agriculture, industr;. 
 and commerce of the said Republic, personally or through an attorney, and deliv'.' 
 a certified copy of his inscription in the country of origin, with the respective expla: 
 atory memorial. The signature of the commissioner of patents or of the head of tl 
 office in the country of origin by whom the said copy is attested shall be autheni 
 cated in the form prescribed by decree No. 48, dated April 17, 1903, of the Preside: 
 of this Republic, in order to be valid at law. These documents shall be accomp 
 nied by a translation of the same into the Spanish language, made or subscribed b 
 any one of the notaries public of the Republic authorized to that effect, or by i 
 diplomatic or consular officer residing at the place whence the said documents com 
 These documents, as well as the plans of the patent, shall be submitted in duplicat 
 the second copy of the translation may be signed by the party in interest. If tl;'; 
 patentee wishes to request the deposit of his patent in this Republic through a thij'l 
 party, he shall forward at the same time the corresponding power issued in favor , i 
 the person that is to represent him. In order to have legal value, the power i 
 attorney shall also be authenticated in the form above indicated. After the accej'T- 
 ance of the deposit in this Republic, if it takes place, notice of such acceptance shr i 
 be given to the applicant (patentee or attorney), so that he may remit to the burea - 
 of revenues and taxes of the fiscal zone of Habana the dues amounting to $35 
 United States currency, and upon presentation in the department of agricultui 
 industry, and commerce of the receipt that shall be delivered by the aforesaid trej 
 ury bureau, there shall immediately be issued a certificate of deposit of tlie patei 
 dealt with in the name of the j)atentee. 
 
 In the case of marks of all kinds, industrial designs, etc., the procedure will 
 practically the same as for the deposit of patents. The only difference is that t. 
 amount of dues in such cases is reduced to $12.50 in United States currency, and th 
 after the deposit shall have been accepted, and before the certificate of the sa 
 deposit shall be issued, the applicant shall submit five additional copies of the cc 
 responding diagram of the mark or industrial design. In order to expedite such 
 matters in the Republic of Cuba, it is recommended, for convenience sake, that some 
 person be appointed here (at Habana) with sufficient powers to attend to them in 
 this city (Habana). 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 307 
 
 The following explanatory statement was also furnished: 
 
 The authentication of patent documents, of the United States and other countries, 
 which it is desired to deposit in the Republic of Cuba, for the purpose of protection, 
 is required only for one of the two copies that must be presented for deposit, the 
 second copy being a mere transcript of the first and signed by the applicant "or his 
 attorney; the certification by the proper public officer of the translations into the 
 Spanish language of one of the copies that are to accompany the originals in the for, 
 eign language will also be sufficient. For marks, industrial designs, etc., the same 
 procedure must be followed — that is, the five additional copies of the corresponding 
 diagrams, as they have been registered in the patent office of the country of origin- 
 must be delivered after the granting of the deposit. 
 
CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, ETC.— MISCELLANEOUS DATA. 
 
 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 
 
 The Metric System of weights and measures is the official and legal 
 system of Cuba. 
 
 It was implanted by a law of the Spanish Parliament dated the 22d 
 of April, 1882, and ratified by order No. 70 of the American military 
 government on the 8th of June, 1899, providing for the adoption 
 in all the Spanish territories and possessions of a system "whose fun- 
 damental unity will be equal in longitude to the ten-millionth part 
 of the arch of the meridian extending from the North pole to the 
 equator and which will be called 'Meter.'" 
 
 The following tables will amply explain the system, as compared 
 with that in use in the United States : 
 
 RECIPROCAL TABLES. 
 LINEAR MEASURE. 
 
 1 "meter =1.09 yards. 
 
 2 meters=2.19 yards. 
 
 3 meters=3.28 yards. 
 
 4 meters=4.38 yards. 
 
 5 meters=5.47 yards. 
 
 6 meters = 6.56 yards. 
 
 7 meters= 7.66 yards. 
 
 8 meters= 8.75 yards. 
 
 9 meters = 9.84 yards. 
 10 meters=10.94 yards. 
 
 SQUARE MEASURE. 
 
 1 centiare =1.20 square yards. 
 
 2 centiares=2.39 square yards. 
 
 3 centiares=3.59 square yards. 
 
 4 centiares=4.78 square yards. 
 
 5 centiares=5.98 square yards. 
 
 6 centiares= 7.18 square yards. 
 
 7 centiares= 8.37 square yards. 
 
 8 centiares= 9.57 square yards. 
 
 9 centiares=10.76 square yards. 
 10 centiares=11.96 square yards. 
 
 DRY AND FLUID MEASURES. 
 
 
 Liters. 
 
 Inches. 
 
 Feet. 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 Bushels. 
 
 Milliliter l 
 
 0.001 
 .01 
 
 .1 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 100 
 
 1,000 
 
 10, 000 
 
 0.061 
 .61 
 6.1 
 
 61.02 
 610. 28 
 
 
 0. 00022 
 .0022 
 .022 
 .22 
 2.2 
 22 
 220 
 2,200.967 
 
 
 Centiliter 
 
 
 
 Deciliter. ... 
 
 
 0. 0027 
 
 Liter . . . 
 
 0. 0353 
 
 .353 
 3.53 
 35. 317 
 353. 17 
 
 .0275 
 
 Decaliter 
 
 .275 
 
 Hectoliter 
 
 2.751 
 
 Kiloliter (cubic meter) .. 
 Myrialiter 
 
 
 27. 512 
 
 . 
 
 27. 5121 
 
 
 
 
 309 
 
310 
 
 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 RECIPROCAL TABLES— Continued. 
 LINEAR MEASURE. 
 
 Meters. 
 
 Reciprocals. 
 
 Inch... 
 Foot... 
 Yard .. 
 Pole... 
 Chain.. 
 Furlong 
 Mile... 
 
 0. 02539954 
 . 3047945 
 . 91438348 
 5. 029109 
 20. 11644 
 201. 1644 
 1, 609. 3149 
 
 39. 37079 
 3. 280899 
 1. 093633 
 . 1988424 
 . 0497106 
 . 004971 
 . 00062138 
 
 
 CUBIC MEASURE. 
 
 
 
 Cubic meters. 
 
 Reciprocals. 
 
 Cubic inch .. 
 
 0. 000016386 
 . 0283153 
 . 764513 
 
 6, 027. 05 
 
 Cubic foot 
 
 35. 31658 
 
 Cubic yard 
 
 1. 30802 
 
 
 
 SQUARE MEASURE. 
 
 Square inch 
 Square foot 
 Square yard 
 
 Perch 
 
 Rood 
 
 Acre 
 
 Square mile 
 
 Square meters. 
 
 0. 000645137 
 . 09289968 
 . 836097 
 25. 29194 
 1,011.678 
 4, 046. 71 
 2, 589, 894. 5 
 
 Reciprocals. 
 
 1, 550. 591 
 10. 7643 
 1. 196033 
 . 0395383 
 . 00098846 
 . 00024711 
 . 00000038612 
 
 MEASURES OF CAPACITY. 
 
 
 
 Lifers. 
 
 Reciprocals. 
 
 Gill 
 
 0. 141983 
 
 . 56793 
 
 1. 13586 
 
 4. 543457 
 
 9. 086915 
 
 36. 34766 
 
 290. 7813 
 
 7. 043094 
 
 Pint 
 
 1. 760773 
 
 Quart 
 
 . 8803868 
 
 Gallon 
 
 . 2200967 
 
 Peck 
 
 . 1100483 
 
 Bushel 
 
 . 027512 
 
 Quarters 
 
 . 003439 
 
 
 
 WEIGHTS. 
 
 Drachm avoirdupois 
 
 Ounce avoirdupois 
 
 Pound avoirdupois 
 
 Hundredweight avoirdupois 
 
 Ton avoirdupois 
 
 Grain troy 
 
 Pennyweight troy 
 
 Ounce troy 
 
 Pound troy 
 
 Grams. 
 
 1. 771836 
 28. 349375 
 453. 59265 
 50, 802. 38 
 1,016,047.5 
 
 . 06479895 
 1.555175 
 31. 1034615 
 373. 2419 
 
 Reciprocals. 
 
 0. 564383 
 . 0352739 
 . 00220462 
 . 00001968 
 . 000000984 
 15. 43235 
 . 6430146 
 . 03215073 
 . 00267923 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 311 
 
 RECIPROCAL TABLES— Continued. 
 
 SQUARE MEASURE. 
 
 1 hectare = 2.47 acres. 6 hectares =14. 83 acres. 
 
 2 hectares= 4.94 acres. 7 hectares =17. 30 acres. 
 
 3 hectares = 7.41 acres. 8 hectares =19. 77 acres. 
 
 4 hectares= 9.88 acres. 9 hectares =22. 24 acres. 
 
 5 hectares =12. 36 acres. 10 hectares =24. 71 acres. 
 
 SOLID MEASURE. 
 
 1 cubic meter =1.31 cubic yards. 6 cubic meters = 7.85 cubic yards. 
 
 2 cubic meters =2. 62 cubic yards. 7 cubic meters = 9.16 cubic yards. 
 
 3 cubic meters=3.92 cubic yards. 8 cubic meters=10.46 cubic yards. 
 
 4 cubic meters=5.23 cubic yards. 9 cubic meters=11.77 cubic yards. 
 
 5 cubic meters=6.54 cubic yards. 10 cubic meters=13.08 cubic yards. 
 
 LIQUID MEASURE. 
 
 1 liter =0.22 gallon. 6 liters=1.32 gallons. 
 
 2 liters= .44 gallon. 7 liters=1.54 gallons. 
 
 3 liters= .66 gallon. 8 liters =1.76 gallons. 
 
 4 liters= .88 gallon. 9 liters=1.98 gallons. 
 
 5 liters =1.10 gallons. 10 liters=2. 20 gallons. 
 
 MEASURES OF CAPACITY— DRY. 
 
 1 hectoliter =0.73 fanega =0.34 quarter. 
 
 2 hectoliters =1.46 fanegas= .69 quarter. 
 
 3 hectoliters=2.19 fanegas=1.03 quarters. 
 
 4 hectoliters =2. 92 fanegas=1.38 quarters. 
 
 5 hectoliters=3.64 fanegas=1.72 quarters. 
 
 6 hectoliters =4. 37 fanegas=2.06 quarters. 
 
 7 hectoliters=5.10 fanegas=2.41 quarters. 
 
 8 hectoliters=5.83 fanegas=2.75 quarters. 
 
 9 hectoliters =6. 56 fanegas=3.10 quarters. 
 10 hectoliters =7. 29 fanegas=3.44 quarters. 
 
 WEIGHTS. 
 
 1 metrickilogram = 2.20 pounds avoirdupois. 
 
 2 metrickilograms= 4.41 pounds avoirdupois. 
 
 3 metrickilograms= 6.61 pounds avoirdupois. 
 
 4 metrickilograms= 8.82 pounds avoirdupois. 
 
 5 metrickilogram s=l 1.02 pounds avoirdupois. 
 
 6 metrickilograms=13.23 pounds avoirdupois. 
 
 7 metrickilograms=15.43 pounds avoirdupois. 
 
 8 metrickilograms=17.64 pounds avoirdupois. 
 
 9 metrickilograms=19.84 pounds avoirdupois. 
 10 metrickilograms=22.05 pounds avoirdupois. 
 
312 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 RECIPROCAL TABLES— Continued. 
 SURFACE MEASURE. 
 
 1 square kilometer =0.04 square league =0.39 square mile. 
 
 2 square kilometers=: .07 square league= .77 square mile. 
 
 3 square kilometers= .11 square league=1.16 square miles. 
 
 4 square kilometers= .15 square league=1.54 square miles. 
 
 5 square kilometers = .18 square league =1.93 square miles. 
 
 6 square kilometers= .22 square league=2.32 square miles. 
 
 7 square kilometers= .26 square league=2.70 square miles. 
 
 8 square kilometers = .30 square league =3. 09 square miles. 
 
 9 square kilometers= .33 square league=3.48 square miles. 
 10 square kilometers = .37 square league =3. 86 square miles. 
 
 Besides the above, there are still in existence the following weights 
 and measures, appertaining to the old system : 
 
 The arroba (dry) =25.3664 pounds. 
 The arroba (liquid) = 4.263 gallons. 
 
 Caballeria . =33^ acres. 
 
 Fanega (dry) = 1.599 bushels. 
 
 Fanega (liquid) =16 gallons. 
 
 Libra (pound) = 1.0161 pounds. 
 
 Vara = 33.384 inches. 
 
 ENGINEERS' TITLES IN THE REPUBLIC. 
 
 Under date of November 11, 1902, United States Minister Squiers, 
 at Habana, transmitted the following information to the Department 
 of State of the United States, concerning the formalities required for 
 the exercise of an engineer's profession in the Republic of Cuba: 
 
 The order (No. 81, March 18, 1902) authorizing engineers with foreign titles to 
 exercise their profession, serve in public office, and fulfill official commissions upon 
 presentation of said titles to the department of public instruction, is repealed. The 
 authorization granted to engineers, mentioned in order No. 81, as well as those sub- 
 sequently granted by the department of public instruction, remain in force. Accord- 
 ing to order No. 90 (June 23, 1899) and modifications on December 5, 1900, engineers 
 having titles issued by foreign universities shall be admitted on their incorporation 
 in the University of Habana, provided their titles fulfill the requirements. The 
 incorporation of titles shall be effected in the form established for the school of 
 sciences, the examinations being upon matters studied in the school of engineers. 
 Cubans holding titles as engineers issued prior to this law by foreign schools of recog- 
 nized fame and reputation may, on presentation of said titles to the department of 
 public instruction, exercise their profession without examination. Agricultural 
 engineers from the school of agriculture in Habana, in order to exercise their pro- 
 fession freely in Cuba, shall present their certificate of degree to the department of 
 public instruction, and upon proof of its authenticity and personal identification they 
 shall receive a title authorizing them to exercise their profession in Cuba. Profes- 
 sional men holding foreign titles, who have not previously revalidated them, shall 
 not exercise their professions nor discharge any professional duty — national, provin- 
 cial, or municipal — dating from the promulgation of this law (October 28, 1902). The 
 engineers above referred to are alone excepted. 
 
HANDBOOK OF GUBA. 313 
 
 FOREIGN INSURANCE COMPANIES. 
 
 Foreign insurance corporations are permitted to transact business 
 in Cuba in accordance with the laws of the place of organization, in so 
 far as their capacity to make contracts is concerned, and in accordance 
 with the provisions of the code of commerce relating to the establish- 
 ment of their houses, their business transactions, and the jurisdiction 
 of the courts. The preliminary requirements are: 
 
 1. Registration in the commercial registry, which consists in filing 
 in the said office a statement showing {a) the corporate name or title; 
 (S) the nature of the business proposed to be conducted; (c) the date 
 when it proposes to commence operations; (d) its domicile — i. e,, loca- 
 tion of its principal office and branches; (e) a certified and duly authen- 
 ticated copy of the charter or certificate of incorporation and the 
 by-laws, with a certificate of the Cuban consul, if any, or due proof 
 that the corporation is incorporated according to the laws of the place 
 of its establishment; (f) the general powers of the agents in charge of 
 the branch office. 
 
 2. A deposit in cash or securities, after approval by the secretary 
 of finance, in the treasury of the island, according to the following 
 schedule: Life - insurance companies, $25,000; casualty, $25,000. 
 When this deposit is made and approved the fact is officially pub- 
 lished and the company is duly authorized to do business, and there- 
 after pays no further license fees for that purpose, provided that the 
 capital stock is issued abroad, but is liable to general taxes based upon 
 the amount and nature of the business transacted. 
 
 WATER POWER OF CUBA. 
 
 Water power has been very little employed in Cuba, although a 
 great many rivers and creeks of considerable capacity exist to supply 
 power. 
 
 The Almendares River, which passes through the outskirts of 
 Habana on the west side, supplies the city and suburbs at present- 
 with 1,200 horsepower for a paper mill, brewery, and other turbines 
 already established of 250 horsepower each. By going farther up 
 more power may be obtained without causing great damage to the 
 others below. Mayabeque River, in Guines, Province of Habana, 
 was, until a few years ago, supplying power to run two sugar planta- 
 tions. The water employed then is now used in irrigation. In the 
 San Juan River, Matanzas, there is a turbine established to run an 
 ice factory. 
 
 The following cities, Habana, Matanzas, Cienfuegos, Santiago de 
 Cuba, Guines, Bayamo, Jovellanos, Sagua, Sancti Spiritus, Car- 
 denas, San Antonio de los Banos, and Batabano, have aqueducts and 
 obtain their water supply directly from the springs. In other places 
 
314 
 
 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 water is general!}^ obtained from wells, rain cisterns, and directly from 
 the ri\^ers and creeks near hj. Wells and natural springs are mostly 
 used. Aqueducts are being- planned in Camaguez, Pinar del Rio, 
 Union de Reyes, Colon, Santa Clara, and Santiago de Cuba. 
 
 REAL ESTATE VALUES AND ENCUMBRANCES IN 1902. 
 
 From the most reliable sources and data obtainable the following 
 estimate is made of the value of real estate in the entire island, together 
 with mortgagees and censos existing thereon, as shown by the records: 
 
 RURAL REAL ESTATE. 
 
 Province. 
 
 Value of prop- 
 erty. 
 
 Amount of 
 mortgage in- 
 debtedness. 
 
 Censos. 
 
 
 866, 144, 820 
 61,398,560 
 38, 762, 435 
 5,543,873 
 55, 468, 364 
 26,463,829 
 
 $17, 794, 390 
 33,742,470 
 8, 347, 428 
 2, 374, 589 
 38, 374, 568 
 5, 378, 325 
 
 87, 340, 920 
 
 
 9, 740, 530 
 
 
 4, 342, 587 
 
 
 936, 463 
 
 
 3,243,783 
 
 
 188, 634 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 254,581,881 
 
 106,018,770 
 
 25, 542, 737 
 
 
 
 CITY REAL ESTATE. 
 
 Habana 
 
 Matanzas 
 
 Pinar del Rio 
 
 Puerto Principe . 
 
 Santa Clara 
 
 Oriente 
 
 Total 
 
 8106, 978, 435 
 24, 354, 865 
 4, 276, 784 
 4, 456, 348 
 24, 235, 563 
 14,476,593 
 
 178,778,588 
 
 96,374,874 
 4, 643, 652 
 634, 470 
 574, 584 
 3, 344, 560 
 1, 344, 566 
 
 106,916,206 
 
 811,352,467 
 1,346,800 
 298, 450 
 350, 386 
 498, 486 
 280, 474 
 
 14, 126, 663 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 Total value of real estate, rural and urban 8433, 360, 469 
 
 Total mortgage existing 212, 934, 976 
 
 Total censos existing 39, 669, 400 
 
 Total encumbrances, mortgages, and censos 252, 604, 376 
 
 TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS IVIADE BY THE REPUBLIC OF CUBA. 
 
 Belgium. — Extradition treaty, October 29, 1904. 
 
 England. — Extradition treat}^, October 3, 1904. 
 
 Italy. — Treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation, December 
 29, 1903. 
 
 Mexico. — Postal convention, April 30, 1904. 
 
 United States. — Reciprocity treaty, December 11, 1902; convention 
 as to coaling and naval stations, February 16, 1903; permanent treaty, 
 Maj^ 22, 1903; convention as to lease of coaling and naval stations, 
 July 2, 1903; postal convention, June 16, 1903; extradition treaty, 
 April 6, 1904. 
 
 Cuba has adhered to the convention of Brussels of December 14, 
 1900, as to trade-marks, on November, 7, 1904, and to the Universal 
 Postal Union on August 20, 1902. 
 
CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 BOOKS RELATING TO CUBA. 
 
 [Compiled by Mr. A. P. C. Griffin of the Library of Congress, Washington, D. C] 
 
 A., (C.) Mdximo Gomez, Maceo y proyectos revolucionarios. Por un Venezolano. 
 
 [Anonymous.] Caracas, 1884. 28 pp. 8°. 
 [A. Y Z., F. de] Las supuestas negpciaciones. Contestacion al c. Jose de Armas y 
 C6spedes. [New Orleans? 1871] cover-title, 17 p. 24^ cm. 
 " Advertencia " signed "F. de A y Z." 
 Dated N. Orleans, enero 5 de 1871. 
 An answer to an article which appeared in "La Revoluci6n." 
 
 Abbot, Abiel. Letters written in the interior of Cuba, between the mountains of 
 , Arcana to the east, and of Cusco to the west, in the months of February, 
 
 March, April, and May, 1828. Boston, Bowles & Dearborn, 1829. xv, 
 (1), 256 pp. 8°. 
 Abbott, John Stevens Cabot. South and north; or, Impressions received during a 
 trip to Cuba and the South. New York, Abbey & Abbot, 1860. 352 pp. 
 12°. 
 
 Pages 38-61 deal with Cuba. 
 Una Accion heIioica. [Paris? 186-?] 38 p. 21 cm. 
 ' Half-title. 
 
 AcosTA Y Albeae, Francisco de. Compendio historico del pasado y presente de 
 Cuba y de su guerra insurreccional hasta el 11 de marzo de 1875, con 
 algunas apreciaciones relativas & su porvenir, por el brigadier D. Francisco 
 de Acosta y Albear. Madrid, 1875. 160 pp. 8°. 
 Adan de Yarza, Kamon. Rocas hipogenicas de la Isla de Cuba. 
 
 {In Comision del mapa geol6gico de Espana. Boletin, vol. 20 (ano 1893). pp. 71-88. 
 Madrid, 1895. 8°.) 
 
 Agassiz, Alexander. A reconnoissance of the Bahamas and of the elevated reefs 
 of Cuba in the steam yacht " Wild Duck." 
 
 (In Museum of comparative zoology at Harvard. Bulletin, vol. 26, pp. 3-203. Plates. 
 Diagrams. Folded maps. 8°.) 
 
 Aguayo, a. Espana impenitente. Datos entresacados de su historia, algunos desco- 
 nocidos de no pocos Espaiioles; su innegable crueldad de antes y de siem- 
 pre; su impotencia en Cuba; abandono de la colonia en un plazo breve, 
 segun las seiiales. Ibor City, Tampa, 1897. 8°. 
 
 Aguayo, Alfredo M. Tratado elemental de geografia de Cuba para usa de las 
 escuelas, por Alfredo M. Aguayo y Carlos de la Torre y Huerta . . . 
 Habana, Lib. e imp. "La moderna poesia," 1905. 2 p. 1., 200 p. illus. 
 (inch maps) 27 cm. 
 
 [Aguilera, Francisco V. , Chespedes and Ramon] Notes about Cuba. Slavery. I — 
 African slave trade. II — Abolition of slavery. Ill — Inferences from the 
 last Presidential message. The revolution. IV — Forces employed by 
 Spain against Cuba. V — Condition of the Revolution. VI — Spanish 
 anarchy in Cuba. VII — Conclusion. [New York, 1872] 54 pp. 8°. 
 
 315 
 
316 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 AuBBAR Y Laea, Fbancisco de. Informe sobre el "Proyecto de un canal de desagiie 
 • para la cindad de la Habana." 
 
 [No title-pagej 31 pp. (Real Academia de Ciencias m^dicas, fisicas y naturales de la 
 Habana. Sesi6n publica ordinaria del 28 de septembre de 1879) 
 
 El Album. T. 1-12; 1838-39. Habana, 1838-39. 12 v. in 4. 16°. 
 Editors: 1888, L. Caso y Sola; 1832-39, R. de Palma. 
 
 A[lcala] Galiano, Dionisio. Cuba en 1858. Por Dionisio A. Galiano . . . 
 
 Madrid, Impr. de Beltr<in y Vinas, 1859. 254 p. 22 cm. 
 Alcazar, Jose de. Historia de Espana en America (Isla de Cuba) Madrid, 
 
 Herres, 1898. 181 pp. plates, portraits. 8°. 
 -Alcover, Antonio Miguel ... El periodismo en Sagua; sus manifestaciones. 
 
 (Apuntes para la historia del periodismo cubano . . . Con ilustraciones) 
 
 Habana [Tip. "La Australia"] 1901. 2 p. 1., v, 227, [1] p., 1 1. incl. 
 
 illus., port, l?^^ cm, 
 Alcover [y Beltran], A.ntonio Miguel, 1875- . . . Bayamo <su tomaj posesion 
 
 6 incendio>- 1868-69. Reseiia historica y comentarios oportunos . . . 
 
 Habana, 1902. 4 p. 1., 103 p. incl. illus., port. 23 J cm. 
 
 "Premiada con 'menci6n honoriflca' en el certamen del Llceo de Villaclara. — 1902." 
 
 [Aldama, Miguel de] Cuba before the United States. Remarks on the Hon. 
 Charles Sumner's speech, delivered at the Republican convention of Mas- 
 sachusetts, the 22d September, 1869. Adopted and approved by the Cen- 
 tral Republican Junta of Cuba and Porto Rico. New York, Styles & Cash, 
 1869. 39 pp. 8°. 
 
 On the slavery question as affecting the Cuban cause in the United States. 
 
 [ and EcHEVEERiA, Jose Antonio] Facts about Cuba. Published under 
 
 authority of the New York Cuban Junta. New York Sun job printing 
 
 office. 1870. 31 pp. 8°. 
 [ ] Facts about Cuba. To the Congress of the United States of 
 
 America now assembled. January, 1875. [New York, JJ'. Ponce de 
 
 Uon], 1875. (?) 36 pp. 8°. 
 
 Pages 33-36 contain "Constitution of the Republic of Cuba," 1869. 
 
 Alexander, Sir James Edward. Transatlantic sketches, comprising visits to the 
 most interesting scenes in North and South America and the West Indies. 
 In two volumes. London, Richard Bentley, 1833. Illustrated. 8°. 
 Volume 1, pp. 315-369 contain an interesting account of Cuba, its people, statistics, etc. 
 
 Alfonso, Pedro Antonio. Memorias de un Matancero. Apuntes para la historia 
 de la Isla de Cuba, con relacion d la ciudad de San Carlos y San Severino 
 de Matanzas . . . Matanzas, Imprenta de Marsal y ca., 1854. 232, (8) 
 pp. folded chart. 12°. 
 
 Alfonso, Ram6n M. ... Viviendas del campesino pobre en Cuba, por el Dr. 
 Ramon M. Alfonso. La vivienda en procomun (casa de vecindad) por el 
 Dr. Diego Tamoyo. Habana, Libreria 6 imp. "La moderna poesia,'' 
 1904. 31 pp. 21| cm. 
 
 At head of title: Tercera Conferencia nacional de beneficencia y correcci6n. 
 
 Allen, Lewis Leonidas. The island of Cuba; or. Queen of the Antilles. Cleve- 
 land, Harris, Fairbanks & co., 1852. 26 pp. 8°. 
 
 Allen, R. The great importance of the Havannah, set forth in an essay on the 
 nature and methods of carrying on a trade to the South Sea and the 
 Spanish West Indies. London, 1762. 8°. 
 
 Almanaque mercantil para el afio 1869 [-1874] Ano 7-12. Habana, Imp. y lib. 
 de B. May y ca. [etc.], [1868-1874] 6 vols. 16°. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. SlT 
 
 Altamira y Grbvea, Eafael. De historia y arte (estudios criticos) por Rafael Alta- 
 mira y Orevea . . . Madrid, V. Sudrez, 1898. viii, 400 pp. 19^ cm. 
 Contents. — Advertencia preliminar. — Adiciones & la ensenanza de la historia: I. Manue- 
 critos de la Biblioteea nacional. II. Autores espanoles impresos. III. Bibliografi« 
 modema. Archivos, biblioteeas y museos de Espana. El problema de la dicta- 
 dura tutelar en la historia. Libros de "Viajes" norteamerieanos referentes h 
 Espafla. La cuestion de Cuba y los Estados Unidos en 1850. Viaj es por Espana. Hip. 
 pan61ogos 6 hispan6filos. La psicologia de la juventud en la novela moderna. Li=« 
 primera condici6n del critico Yxart, critico. Teorla del descontento. El Teatro 
 de PiSrez Gald6s. Teatro libre. La literatura, el amor y la tesis. La educaci6n 
 sentimental. La fisologia del amor. La antologia de poetas hispano-americanos. 
 Notas breves. La descentralizacion cientlfica. ApSndices. 
 
 Ambas Amekicas, revista de educacion, bibliografia i agricultura, bajo los auspicios 
 de D. F. Sarmiento. v. i, num. 1-3; 1867-feb. 1868. Nueva York, 
 Hallet y Breen, 1867. 1 v. 8°. 
 Andrews, [W. S.] Andrews's illustrations of the West Indies. London, Day & 
 son [1861] 2v.ini. pi. (partly col.) 2J7x37i^ cm. 
 Views, with descriptive letter press. 
 
 Contents.— Y. 1. Sailing directions for the Caribbean sea, Gulf of Mexico, and Florida.- 
 V. 2. Description of the islands in the Caribbean sea. Gulf of Mexico, and Florida. 
 
 Ampere, Jean Jacques Antoine. Promenade en Am^rique, Etats-Unis — Cuba— 
 Mexique. Paris, Mich^ Levy frers, 1855. 2 vols. 8°. 
 
 Andreini, J. M. Puerto-Principe; an interesting issue of stamps in Cuba [by] J. M„ 
 Andreini. Chicago, The Blue sky press [1904] 1 p. 1., 11-57 p., 1 L 
 17 cm. 
 
 "Reprinted from ' Mekeel's weekly stamp news.' " 
 
 Andueza, Jose Maria de. Isla de Cuba pintoresca, historica, polftica, literaria, mer 
 cantil e industrial. Recuerdos, apuntes, impresiones de dos epocas. Edi 
 cion ilustrada. Madrid, Boix, 1841. vii, 182, (2) pp. Plates. 8°. 
 La anexion de Cuba y los peninsulares residentes en ella. Por un Cubano. New" 
 
 York, imprenta de J. Mesa, 1853. 23 pp. 8°. 
 Anghiera, Pietro Martire d'. Extraict ov recveil des isles nouuellemet trouuees 
 en la grand mer oceane ou temps du roy Despaigne Fernad & Elizabeth 
 sa femme, faict premierement en latin par Pierre Martyr de Millan, & 
 depuis translate en languaige f ran coys. Item trois narrations : dont la pre- 
 miere est de Cuba, & commence ou fueillet 132. La seconde, qui est de la 
 mer oceane, commence ou fueillet 155. La tierce, qui est de la prinse de 
 Tenustitan, commence ou fueillet 192. On les vend a Paris . . . che;? 
 Simon de Colines . . . [Colophon:] Imprime a Paris, par Simon de Co 
 lines . . . Mil cinq ces trente-deux, le douziesme iour de lanuier [1532] 
 8 p. L, 207 numb. 1. 19 cm. 
 Title-page in facsimile. 
 
 Title and body of the book in italic type; dedications and index in roman. Flore 
 ated initials. 
 • 1. 1-131 contain an abridgment of Decades 1-3, dedicated by the anon, translator tc 
 
 Charles, due d' AngoulSme, third son of FfanQois I. Then follows, 1. 132, a new ded- 
 ication of the "Trois narrations" to Marguerite, daughter of Francois I, in whicX 
 the translator says that the first of these three ' ' narrations ' ' is translated from Petei 
 Martyr's Latin account of Cuba, dedicated to Pope Leo X, later printed at Basl^ 
 [i. e. from Decade 4, which had appeared under the title "De nvper svb D. Carole 
 repertis insulis, simulatqs incolarum moribus ..." Basileae, 1521]. and that the, 
 other two narrations are from the Latin of Pierre Sauorgnan [l. e. the Latin versiou 
 by Petrus Savorgnanus of the Spanish narrations of Hernando Cortes] For the texv 
 of both Decade 4 and the narrations of Cortes, the translator, however, apparently 
 made use of the 1st ed. of Savorgnanus' Latin version of Cortes' second and third 
 narration, 1624, containing also Decade 4, presumably intended as a substitute for 
 the lost first narration of Cortes:'Tertia Ferdinadi Cortesii Sac. Caesar, et Cath. 
 Maiesta. in nova maris oceani hyspania generalis prsefecti pclara Narratio, In qua 
 
318 HAISTDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Anghiera, Pieteo Martire d'., Etc. — Continued. 
 
 Celebris Ciuitatis Temixtitan expugnatio, aliaruqs Prouintiaru, qu^ defecerant re- 
 cuperatio continetur . . . preterea In ea Mare del Sur Cortesium detexisse receset, 
 quod nos Australe Indieii Pelagus putam, & alias innumeras Prouintias Aurifodinis, 
 Vnionibus, Variisq, Gemmarum generibus refertas, Et postremo illis innotuisse in 
 eis quoqj Aromatac [!] ontineri, Per Doctore Petrum Sauorgnanu Foroiuliensem . . . 
 Ex Hyspano ydiomate in Latinum Versa. Coloplion: Impressum In Imperiali Ciui- 
 tate Norimberga, Per Discretum, & prouidum Virum Pcederieu A rthemesium Ciuem 
 ibidem, Anno Virginei partus Millesimoquingentesimo vigesuno quarto. Recto of 
 1. 1: De Rebus et Insulis nouiter Repertis a Sereniss. Carolo Imperatore, Et Variis 
 earum gentium moribus. (Title quoted from Harrisse) - 
 
 Decade 4, as well as Savorgnanus' Latin version of the 2nd and 3rd narrations of Cor- 
 tes, are also included in " De insvlis nvper inventis Perdinandi Cortesii ad Carolum 
 V. Rom. Imperatorem Jiarrationes, cum alio quodam Petri Martyris ad Clementem 
 VII. Pontificem Maximum consimilis argumenti libello ..." Coloniae [Sept. 
 1632] , but the French translation antedates this by eight months. 
 
 Las Antillas ante el parlamento Espanol. vol. i. Madrid, imprenta de Antonio 
 Perez Dubrull, 1873. 16°. 8. 
 
 "Fragmentos de los discursos pronunciados en el Senado y Congreso de la liltima 
 legislatura de 1872, y documentos importantes relativos & la cuestion de ultramar, 
 copiado testualmente del Diario de las sesiones." 
 
 Anuario del comercio, de la industria, de la magistratura y de la administracion de 
 Espaiia, sus colonias, Cuba, Puerto-liico y Filipinas, Estados Hispano- 
 Americanos y Portugal, con anuncios y referencias al comercio e industria 
 nacional y extranjera, Madrid, librerfa editorial de Bailly-Bailliere 6 hijos, 
 1897-1905. 5 vols, in 10. 4°. 
 Library has: 1897, 1898, 1902, 1904, 1905. 
 
 Aparicio, Ambrosio de. Informe presentado A la Junta general de la empresa de los 
 caminos de hierro de Cardenas y Jiicaro celebrado el dia primero de marzo 
 de 1859, por . . . Ambrosio de Aparicio, d nombre y por conducto de la 
 Comision mista de investigacion creada . . . octubre de 1858. Habana, B. 
 May y c''., 1859. 15 p. 22 cm. 
 
 [ With Sociedad general del cr6dito territorial cubano. Memoria. Habana, 1861] 
 Binder's title: Varias Sociedades anonimas. Habana. 
 
 Aramburo y Machaelo, Mariano. Personalidad literaria de Dona Gertrudis Gomez 
 de Avellaneda. Madrid, imprenta Teresiana, 1898. (4), 285, (3) pp. 16°. 
 
 [Arango, Jose de.] Nadie se asuste por ^a segunda y ultima esplicacion mia sobre 
 [sic] la independencia de la Isla de Cuba. Habana, Dias de Castro, 1821. 
 42 pp. 12°. 
 
 Arango, Napoleon. The Cuban rebellion, its history, government, resources, object, 
 hopes, and prospects. Address of General Napoleon Arango to his coun- 
 trymen in arms. [n. p., 1870] [2] p. 44 x 30 cm. 
 Caption title. ^ 
 
 4 columns to the page. 
 
 Arango, Rafael de. El dos de mayo de 1808. Manifestacion de los acontecimi- 
 entos del parque de artilleria de Madrid en dicho dia. Madrid, ii»prenta 
 de la Compania tipogrdfica, 1837. 26 pp. 12°. 
 
 Arango y Molina^ Rafael. Contribucidn d la Fauna malacologica cubana. Havana, 
 G. Montiel y co., 1878. 280 + (35) pp. 8°. 
 
 Reprinted from Anales de la Real Academia Havana, 1878-80. 
 
 Arango y ParrejIo, Francisco de, 1765-1837. Obras del Excmo. Senor D. Fran- 
 cisco de Arango y Parreno. Habana, Howson y Heinen, 1888. 2 v. 
 port. 232" cm. 
 
 Cover of vol. ii dated 1889. 
 
 " Elogio histdrico del excelentisimo Sr. D. Francisco de Arango y Parreno escrito por 
 D. Anastasio Carrillo y Arango y por encargo de la Sociedad patridtica de la 
 Habana" (lirst pub., with preface by Andres de Arango, Madrid, 1862): v. 1, p. 
 [iii]-liiL 
 
 I 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 319 
 
 •^Arantave, Enrique de, comp. Gufa telegrdfica de la isla de Cuba . . . Ha'bana, 
 v H. E. Heinen, 1871. 2 p. 1., 127 pp. 24°. S. 
 
 t^y Arjtas y Cespedes, Jose de. The Cuban revolution. Notes from the diarj^ of a 
 ;■ Cuban. Translated. New York, 1869. 38 pp. 8°. 
 
 ;v Manifiesto de un Cubano al gobierno de Espana. Paris, E. Denn6 Schmitz. 
 
 32 pp. 8°. 
 
 Position of the United States on the Cuban question. New York, 1872. 
 
 20 pp. 8°. 
 Arrate, Jose Martin Felix de. Llave del nuevo mundo antemural de las Tndias 
 occidentales. La Habana descripta: noticias de su furdacion, aumentos y 
 estado. Compuesta por D. Jose Martin Felix de Arrate, natural y regidor 
 perpetuo de dicha ciudad. Habana, 1830. (4), xvi, 274 pp. 8°. 
 
 The first xvi pages are taken up with an introduction by the Real Sociedad patri6tica 
 de amigos del pais, under whose auspices the work was.published. Arrate's history 
 was written in 1761, but remained in manuscript until its publication by the above- 
 named society as " cuadernos 1-4 of a projected series entitled ' Materiales relatives 
 &, la historia de Cuba.' " The title is an allusion to the important geographical and 
 strategetical situation of the capital of Cuba. 
 Reviewed in Amer. Q. Rev., vol. 10, p. 230. 
 
 Llave del Nuevo mundo antemural de las Indias Occidentales. La Habana 
 
 descripta: noticias de su fundacion, aumentos y estados. Compuesta por 
 D. Jose Martin Felix de Arrate . . . 
 
 {In Cowley, Rafael, ed. Los tres primeros historiadores de la isla de Cuba. Habana, 
 1876-77. 25icm. t. 1, pp. 1-616. ) 
 
 Contains notes with historical descriptions by the editors. 
 
 Aerate ^J Acosta], Jose Martin Felix de, d. 1766. Llave del Nuevo mundo 
 antemural de las Indias Occidentales. La Habana descripta: noticias de 
 su fundacion, aumentos y estado. Compuesta por D. Jose Martin Felix 
 de Arrate ... 
 
 (In Sociedad economica de amigos del pais, Havana. Memorias de la secci6n de 
 
 historia... Habana, 1830-31. 21cm. t.l.pp. [lJ-347.) 
 Published for the first time from ms. written about 1761. 
 pp. [275] -347: Notas de la comision especial de redaccion A la historia de Arrate. 
 
 — ^AsHWORTH, Henry. A tour in the United States, Cuba, and Canada. By Henry 
 Ash worth, esq. A course of lectures delivered before the members of the 
 Bolton mechanics' institution. London [etc.] A. W. Bennett [etc., 1861] 
 198 pp. 12°. 
 -An authentic .journal of the siege of the Havana. By an ofl&cer. To which is 
 prefixed, a plan of the siege of the Havana, shewing the landing, encamp- 
 ments, approaches, and batteries of the English army. With the attacks 
 and stations of the fleet. London, Printed for T. Jefferys [etc.] 1762. 44 
 pp. fold. map. 8°. 
 
 {In The capture of Havana in 1762 by the forces of George III . . . [Cambridge] 1898. 
 12°. [1]) 
 
 Bachiller y Morales, A. Antiguedades Americanas. Noticias que tuvieron los 
 
 Europeos de la America dntes del descubrimiento de Cristobal Colon. 
 
 Habana. Oficina del Faro Industrial. 1845. 133, (3) pp. Folded 
 
 map. 8°. 
 I editor. Coleccion de articulos, tipos y costumbres de la isla de Cuba, por los 
 
 mejores autores de este genero. Obra ilustrada por Victor Patricio de 
 
 Landaluze. Fototipia taveira. 1" serie. Miguel de Villa. Habana. 
 
 [1881.] 255 pp. Plates. F°. 
 . Cuba: monografia historica que comprende desde la perdida de la Habana 
 
 hasta la restauracion espanola . . . Habana, M. de Villa, 1883, 214 pp., 
 
 1 1. pL, map, 8°, 
 
320 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Badeau, Adam. Suggestions for a commercial treaty with Spain, with especial refer- 
 ence to the island of Cuba. [Jamaica, L. I., 1884.] 56 pp. 8°. 
 
 Baeza GozALpES, Federico. Contribucion d la historia medico-quirurgica de la 
 ultima campana de Cuba. Hospital militar de Alfonso XIII. Estadistica 
 de operaciones practicadas y traumatismos asistidos en la clinica de heri- 
 dos y cirujia general del medico mayor, Federico Baeza Gozalbes . . . 
 Valencia, Vda. 6 hijos de E. Pascual, 1899. 153 p. tab. 23J cm. 
 
 Bain, A[mos] G. The personal ways of Cubans and original poems, by A. G. Bain. 
 Chicago, H. Robinson, printer, 1904. 26 p. incl. port. 16 cm. 
 
 .Balrd, Robert. Impressions and experiences of the West Indies and North America 
 in 1849. Philadelphia, Lea & Blan chard, 1850. 354 pp. 12°. 
 
 Pages 99-132 are devoted to Cuba. Touches on the question of acquisition by the 
 United States. 
 
 Baker, Frank Collins. A naturalist in Mexico, being a visit to Cuba, Northern 
 Yucatan, and Mexico. With maps and illustrations. Chicago, David 
 Oliphant, 1895. (8) 145 pp. 8°. 
 
 [Baldwin, James] 1841- Our new possessions: Cuba, Puerto Rico, Hawaii, Philip- 
 pines. New York, Cincinnati [etc.] American book co., 1899. cover- 
 title, 32 p. illus. 8°. 
 
 (Current events for school use) Published anonymously. 
 
 Ballou, Maturin Murray. Due south or Cuba, past and present. Boston and 
 New York, Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1885. ix, 316 pp. 12°. 
 
 History of Cuba; or. Notes of a traveller in the tropics. Being a political, 
 
 historical, and statistical account of the island, from the first discovery to 
 the present time. Boston, Phillips, Sampson and company, 1854. 230 
 pp. Plates. 12°. 
 [Bally, Victor] i. e. FRANgois Victor, 1775-1866. Monographie historique et m6di- 
 cale de la fievre jaune des Antilles, et recherches physiologiques sur les 
 lois du d^veloppement et de la propagation de cette maladie pestilentielle; 
 par Al. Moreau de Jonnes . . . [Paris] Impr. de Feugueray, 1821. 24 
 pp. 21 cm. 
 
 " Extrait de la Revue m^dicale." 
 Signed: Victor Bally. 
 
 Criticism of the work by Moreau de Jonnes published under the above title in the 
 preceding year (Paris, Migneret, 1820) cf. Qu^rard, Supercheries litt6raires 
 d6voil6es. 
 
 Balmaseda, Francisco Javier, 1833- Los conflnados a Fernando Poo e impresiones 
 de un viaje A Guinea, por Francisco Javier Balmaseda. Contiene ademds 
 el folleto del mismo autor intitulado Bases para los estatutos de la sociedad 
 "Los amantes de la libertad," con indicaciones sobre la fundacion de la 
 Republica cubana. 2. ed. Habana, A. M. Lamy, 1899. 276, iii, [3] pp. 
 21J cm. 
 
 Edited by Antonio Martin Lamy. 
 
 Enfermedades de las aves 6 ensayos sobre patornitologia y consideraciones 
 
 sobre higiene publica en la isla de Cuba. Habana, Imprenta y libreria de 
 E. F. Casona, 1889. xii, 548 pp. 12°. 
 Bangs, John Kendrick, 1862- Uncle Sam trustee, by John Kendrick Bangs . . . 
 New York, Riggs publishing company, 1902. xv pp., 1 1., 342 pp. front., 
 pi., port. 2I2 cm. 
 
 The result of the author's observations of the work of the U. S. Army in Cuba, together 
 with a brief sketch of the history of Cuba. 
 
 Babbie du Bocage, Alexandre. Coup-d'ceil sur I'ile de Cuba. 
 
 (In Soci6t6 de geographic. Bulletin, vol. 5, pp. 437-454. Paris, 1826. 8°. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 321 
 
 Barcelona. Instituto de fomento del trabajo nacional. Comision de propaganda. 
 
 ... La cuestion cubana. Contestacion a las exposicionea que han ele- 
 
 vado diversas corporaciones de la isla de Cuba al excmo. Sr. Ministro de 
 
 Ultramar, porla Comisi6n de propaganda del Fomento del trabajo nacional. 
 
 Barcelona, Tipografia hispano-americana, 1890. 98 pp. 242^ cm. ( El 
 
 Economista espafiol. Suplemento al num. 6) 
 [Barinetti, Carlo] A voyage to Mexico and Havanna; including some general 
 
 observations on the United States. By an Italian. New York, printed 
 
 for the author by C. Vinton, 1841. x, 139 pp. 8°. 
 Bas y Cortes, Vicente. Cartas al rey acerca de la isla de Cuba. Havana, Librerias 
 
 de Abraido y La Cruz verde, 1871. xiii, 237 pp. 8°. 
 Bass, W. L. Aziicar de cana (cane sugar). Second edition, vol. i. New York 
 
 City, 1901. xiv, 446 pp. Portrait. Illustrations. 8°. 
 Note. — Text in Spanish and English. 
 
 Cuba and sugar; light-colored vs. dark-colored; are the Cubans to be allowed 
 
 to import into the Uaited States a high-grade unrefined light-colored 
 sugar, upon the payment of an import duty of $1.65 or $1.75 (per 100 
 lbs. ), or is the no. 16 Dutch-standard of color clause to remain in the law? 
 Or are the Cubans to be allowed to sell to the American consumers, or 
 must they sell only to the sugar trust? W. L. Bass . . . [Washington? 
 1902] Cover-title, [17]-103 pp. illus. 23 cm. 
 Beaumakchais, Maurice D. de. La doctrine de Monroe. L' evolution de la poli- 
 tique des Etats-Unis au xix*' siecle. 2^ Edition revue et augmentee. 
 Paris: Librairie de la Soci^te du Recueil general des lois . . . 1898. (2), 
 ii, 234 pp. 8°. 
 Cuba, pp. 145-193. 
 
 Beauvallet, Leon. Rachel and the new world. A trip to the United States and 
 Cub.a. Translated from the French of L6on Beauvallet. New York, Dix, 
 Edwards & co., 1856. (2), xiv, 404 pp. 12°. 
 Pages 319-379. On "The Queen of the Antilles." 
 
 Becerra y Alfonso, Pedro. El progreso y fomento de la provincia de Pinar del 
 Rio y region occidental de la isla de Cuba; por el dr. Pedro Becerra y 
 Alfonso. Habana, Impr. el Aerolito, de F. Xiques, 1898. 3 p. 1., ii, [9]- 
 213, [4] pp. illus., port., map. 23 cm. 
 At head of title: De actualidad. 
 
 Beck, Henry Houghton. . . . Cuba's light for freedom and the war with Spain; 
 a comprehensive . . . history of the Spanish kingdom and its latest and 
 fairest colony . . . Written and ed. by Henry Houghton Beck . . . 
 Philadelphia, Globe Bible pub. co. [1898] 536 pp. front, (fold, map) 
 illus. 20 cm. 
 Becker, Otto. Patologia y terapeutica del aparato lenticular del ojo. Traducido 
 a- del ^lemiin con autorizacion del autor por el Sr. D. Carlos Finlay. Havana, 
 
 C. Monteil y co., 1876. 432 pp. 8°. 
 Pages 1-16 wanting. 
 
 Bellett, Daniel. La situation economique de Cuba. 
 
 {In Annales de g6ographie, vol. 5, 1895, pp. 330-334) 
 
 Belot, Charles. La fievre jaune il la Habane: sa nature et son traitem ,nt. Par 
 Charles Belot . . . Paris, J. B. Bailliere et fils; New York, Bailliere 
 brothers; [etc., etc.] 1865. 3p.l., 160 pp. 22^ cm. ^'^^ 
 
 Observaciones sobre los males que se esperimentan en esta isla de Cuba desde 
 
 la infancia y consejos dados a las madres y al bello sexo. Nueva York, 
 en casa de Lanuza, Mendia y c, 1828. 2 vols. 16°, 
 
 159a— 05 21 
 
I 
 
 322 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Benavides, Antonio, and Alejandro Olivan. Discursos pronunciados en el con- 
 greso en la sesion del 9 de diciembre sobre el pdrrafo 17 de la contestacion 
 al discurso de la corona. Madrid, Imprenta de D. F. Pascual, 1837. 24 
 pp. 12°. 
 Benjamin, Judah Philip. Speech on the acquisition of Cuba. Delivered in the 
 United States Senate, Friday, February 11, 1859. [Washington, 1859] 
 16 pp. 8°. 
 
 No title-page. Half-title. Favorable to purchase of Cuba. 
 [Cuban pamphlets, 1822-85, no. 3] 
 
 [Benoist, Charles] 1861- Cuba, Espana y los Estados Unidos . . . Bogotd, Impr. 
 de vapor de Zalamea hermanos, 1897. 33 pp. 22 cm. 
 
 A translation, by Baldomero Chico, of an article which was published in the Revue 
 des deux mondes, May, 1897, and afterwards appeared as chapter ii of the author's 
 "L'Espagne, Cuba et les Etats-Unis," Paris, 1898. 
 
 L'Espagne, Cuba et les Etats-Unis. Paris, Perrin et cie., 1898. xvii, 269 
 
 (2) pp. 12°. 
 
 Reprinted from Revue des deux mondes, May, June, 1894, Oct., Nov., 1897. 
 
 Berthelot, S. Essai historique sur I'lle de Cuba a I'epoque de la d^couverte et 
 pendant les premieres ann^es de la colonisation, suivi de 1' analyse de 
 I'ouvrage de M. Ramon de la Sagra. 
 
 (In Soci6t6 de geographic, Bulletin, 3. s6rie, vol. 6, pp. 1-45; 341-365. Paris, 1846. 8°.) 
 
 Betancourt [Cisneros], Gaspar, 1803-1866. Addresses delivered at the celebration 
 of the third anniversary in honor of the martyrs for Cuban freedom, by 
 Gaspar Betancourt . . . and J. S. Thrasher, esq. , at the Mechanics' insti- 
 tute hall. New Orleans, Sept. 1, 1854. New Orleans, Printed by Sherman, 
 Wharton & co., 1854. 8 p. 21^ cm. 
 
 [Betancourt, Jose Ramon] Las dos banderas. Apuntes historicos sobre la insu- 
 rreccion de Cuba. Cartas al excmo. Sr. Ministro de ultramar. Soluciones 
 para Cuba. Sevilla, Establecimiento tipogrdfico del Circulo liberal, 1870. 
 197 pp. 8°. 
 
 Bishop, Joseph Bucklin. Issues of a new epoch. The coal strike, Panama, Phil- 
 ippines, and Cuba. Reprinted from "The International quarterly." New 
 York, Scott-Thaw company, 1904. 31 pp. 12°. 
 
 Blairet, Louis. Espagne et Cuba; situation politique financiere, industrielle et 
 commerciale; abolition de I'esclavage; conversion de la dette publique 
 espagnole; projet d' expropriation du territoirede 1' Espagne. 2. ed., revue 
 et augment^e. Paris, [C. Schiller, 1870] 39 pp. 8°. 
 
 Bloomfield, J. H. A Cuban expedition. London, Downey and co., 1896. xi, 296 
 pp. 8°. 
 
 Purports to be the history of a filibustering expedition in behalf of Cuban insurgents. 
 
 Blumentritt, Ferdinand. Zur Geschichte des Separatismus der spanischen Colonien. 
 (In Deutsche Rundschau, vol. 96, July, 1898, pp. 104-127) 
 On Cuba and the Philippines. 
 
 BoLoix, 0. Sucinta noticia del ramo de la cera en la isla de Cuba, a fines de marzo 
 del ano de 1815. Habana, oficina de Arazoza y Soler [1815] 10 pp. 4°. 
 
 Bona, Felix de. Cuba, Santo Domingo y Puerto-Rico . . . Con un apendice en 
 que se insertan el discurso en el senado de dicho marques de O'Gavan y el 
 del Lord Russell en 1850, ambos sobre reforma de la politica ultramarina. 
 Por F61ix de Bona . . . Madrid, M. Galiano, 1861. 2 p. 1., 155, [1] p. 
 21^ cm. 
 
 Bonnycastle, Richard Henry. Spanish America; or a descriptive, historical, and 
 geographical account of the dominions of Spain in the Western hemi- 
 sphere . . . Illustrated by a map of . . . the West India islands and an 
 engraving, representing the comparative altitudes of the mountains in 
 those regions. Philadelphia, A. Small, 1819. 488 pp. Folded maps. 8°. 
 Pages 141-147 relate to Cuba. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 323 
 
 BoNSAL, Stephen. The fight for Santiago: the story of the soldiers in the Cuban cam- 
 paign from Tampa to the surrender. New York, Doubleday, 1899. 350 pp. 8°. 
 
 The golden horseshoe. New York, Macmillan Company, 1900. pp.316. 12°. 
 
 Note.— Under the title of "The golden horseshoe" Mr. Stephen Bonsai presents 
 "Extracts from the letters of Capt. H. L. Herndon, of the 21st U. S. Infantry, on 
 duty in the Philippine Islands, and Lieut. Lawrence Gill, D. C, to the Military 
 Governor of Puerto Rico. With a postscript by J. Sherman, private, Co. D, 21st 
 Infantry." These letters throw much light on the new problems with which the 
 United States has had to deal both in the West and the East Indies. 
 
 The real condition of Cuba to-day. New York, Harper & brothers, 1897. 
 
 viii, 156 pp. Frontispiece. Map. 12°. 
 The Book op Blood. An authentic record of the policy adopted by modern Spain 
 
 to put an end to the war for the independence of Cuba. (October, 1868, 
 
 to November 10, 1873) New York, N. Ponce de Leon, translator and 
 
 printer, 1873. viii, 66 pp. 8°. 
 Bosquejo de la conducta del teniente general D. Miguel Tacon en la isla de Cuba. 
 
 Marseille, impr. des Bouchez freres, 1838. xv, 35 pp. 14j cm. 
 Beemer, Fredrika. Hemmen i den Nya verlden. En dagbok i bref, skrifna under 
 
 tvenne ars resor i Norra Amerika och pa Cuba. Af Fredrika Bremer 
 
 . . . 1.-2. delen. Stockholm, P. A. Norstedt & soner, 1853. 2 vols. 16°. 
 Complete in 3 vols. 
 
 1801-1865. The homes of the new world; impressions of America. By 
 
 Fredrika Bremer, tr. by M. Howitt . . . New York, Harper & bros., 
 1853. 2 vols. 12°. 
 Breve resumen de los escesos y arbitrariedades cometidas por Don Jose Ildefonso 
 Suarez, en el desempeno de la asesoria primera del gobierno de la Habana 
 . . . Madrid, Impr. de D. F. Pascual, 1838. 11 pp. 19 J cm. 
 Signed " J. P. y L." and "D. v. F." 
 
 Continuacion . . . Madrid, Impr. de N. Sanchiz, 1838. 16 pp. 19J cm. 
 
 Signed "M.R." 
 
 Bride, Ch[akles Louis Marie] La guerre hispano-americaine de 1898, par le capi- 
 taine Ch. Bride , . . Paris, R. Chapelot et cie., 1899. 2 p. L, 275 p. 
 incl. maps. 22| cm. 
 
 Brinton, Daniel G. The archseology of Cuba. Columbus, 0., 1898. 4 pp. 8°. 
 Reprinted from The American Archseologist, vol. 2, no. 10, Oct., 1898. 
 
 Brooks, Edward P. Free trade with Cuba. The Cuban question commercially 
 and politically considered. An argument in behalf of the new republic. 
 Washington, D. C, 1869. 20 pp. 8°. 
 Browne, George Waldo. The Far East and the new America; a picturesque and 
 historic account of these lands and peoples . . . Prefaced with a general 
 introduction by Edward S. Ellis. Boston, Dana Estes & company, 1901. 
 6 vols. Illustrations. Plates (partly colored) Maps. 4°. 
 
 Cuba. Introduction by Leonard Wood, vol. 6, pp. iii-vi; Cuba, pp. 1217-1363. With 
 map. 
 
 [Bkownson, Orestes Augustus] Opiniones de un Anglo-Americano acerca de la 
 espedicion cubana, y los anexionistas. Traducido del Brownson's Quar- 
 terly Review correspondiente al mes de octubre del 1850. Por E. J. G., 
 Nueva Orleans, Impr. de La Patria, 1850. 64 pp. 16°. 
 Denounces the Lopez expedition. 
 
 Bruges, Roger, graf von. Reiseskizzen aus West-Indien, Mexico und Nord- 
 Amerika, gesammelt im jahre 1872. Von Roger, graf von Bruges. Leip- 
 zig, Duncker & Humblot, 1873. x, 405, [1] p. 19^^ cm. 
 
324 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Bryan, William Smith, ed. Our islands and their people as seen with camera and 
 pencil. Introduced by Major-General Joseph Wheeler, United States 
 Army ; with special descriptive matter and narratives by Jose de Olivares. 
 Embracing perfect photographic and descriptive representations of the 
 people and the islands lately acquired from Spain, including Hawaii and 
 the Philippines . . . The N. D. Thompson publishing co., St. Louis [etc., 
 1899-1900] 24 pts. in 1 vol. Illustrations. Colored plates. Photographs. 
 Maps. F°. (Educational art series, vol. 13) 
 
 Bryant, William Cullen, 1794-1878. Letters of a traveller; or, Notes of things 
 seen in Europe and America. By William Cullen Bryant. 2d ed. New 
 York, G. P. Putnam; London, R. Bentley, 1850. 442 pp. 19^ cm. 
 
 3d ed. New York, G. P. Putnam; London, R. Bentley, 1851. 1 p. 1., 
 
 442 pp. front., plates. 22 cm. 
 
 Added t.-p., engr.: The picturesque souvenir. 
 
 [BuECHLER, JoHANN Ulrich] Land- und seereisen eines st. gallischen kantonsbiir- 
 gers nach Nordamerika und Westindien, liber Amsterdam nach Baltimore, 
 Pitzburg, Gallipoli, Sensanetta, Neu-Vevay, die gegend Wabasch am Ohio, 
 Natschet, Battonrouge und Neu-Orleans am Mississippi etc., und wieder 
 zuriick nach Amsterdam, in den jahren 1816, 1817 und 1818 ... St. 
 Gallen, Zollikofer & Ziihlin, 1819. 228 pp. 16°. 
 
 Lotgevallen van een' Zwitsersch landverhuizer, op zijne reize naar Noord- 
 
 Amerika en de West-Indien en van daar terug, in 1816, 1817 en 1818. 
 Vertaald door den uitgever van H. D. Kats dagboek. Haarlem, A. Loos- 
 jes, 1819. 1 p. 1., X, 221 pp. 8°. 
 
 [With [Brauw, J. D.] Herinneringen eener reize naar Nieuw York . . . Leiden, 1833] 
 
 Engr. t.-p. 
 
 Translator's preface signed "M. M." 
 
 Buell, Charles E. Industrial liberty. Our duty to rescue the people of Cuba, 
 Porto Rico, and the Philippine Islands from that greatest of all evils — 
 Poverty. Plainfield, New Jersey, 1900. 116 pp. 24°. 
 
 Bureau ®f American Republics. Bulletin No. 10, July, 1891. Import duties of 
 Cuba and Puerto Rico. Washington, 1891. v,(l), 114 pp. 8°. 
 
 Commercial directory of Cuba and Puerto Rico. [Washington, Gov't print. 
 
 off., 1892] Ip. 1., 50 pp. 8°. 
 (Its Bulletin, no. 38. March, 1892) 
 
 BuRGUETE, RicARDO. ( La guerra! Cuba. ( Diario de un testigo) Por Ricardo Bur- 
 guete, del ej^rcito espanol. Barcelona, Maucci; Buenos Ayres, Maucci 
 herms.; [etc., etc.] 1902. vii, [9]-204 pp., 1 1. illus. 18 cm. 
 
 Butler, Charles Henry. The responsibility of Spain for the destruction of the 
 United States battleship Maine in Havana harbor, Februarj^ 15, 1898, and 
 the assumption by the United States, under the treaty of 1898, of Spain's 
 pecuniary liability for the injuries to, and deaths of, her officers and crew. 
 Argument of Charles Henry Butler, before the Spanish treaty claims com- 
 mission, December 18-21, 1901. New York, The Evening Post job print- 
 ing house, 1902. vi, 94 pp. 4°. 
 
 There is something in the air. Cuba must be free. Why do we hesitate? 
 
 [New York], 1898. 157 pp. 12°. 
 
 The voice of the nation. The President is right. A series of papers on our 
 
 past and present relations with Spain. New York, George Munro's sons. 
 [1898] 124 pp. 16° (Cuba must be free series, no. 1) 
 
 Contents. — The voice of the nation: The capture of the Virginius; How Spain has defied 
 us; Intervention the proper course. A cloud of witnesses; What the Presidents 
 have said; Cuba must be free. 
 
 I 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 825 
 
 BuTTERFiELD, Carlos. Value of Spanish America tcj the United State?. The pro- 
 motion of American commerce; how to make the Monroe doctrine effect- 
 ive; the extinguishment of the national debt in a few years, etc., etc. 
 New York, Metropolitan job printing and engraving establishment, 1868. 
 26 pp. 8°. 
 
 BuTTERwoETH, Hezekiah, 1839- South America; a popular illustrated history of 
 the struggle for liberty in the Andean republics and Cuba, by Hezekiah 
 Butterworth . . . New York, Doubleday & McOlure co., 1898. xxi, 266 
 pp. front, plates, maps. 23j cm. 
 
 C, M. J. Breves reflexiones, acerca de los decretos de nombramiento de una 
 comision regia, para informar sobre el estado de la administraci6n de las 
 islas de Cuba y Puerto Rico. For D. M. J. C. Madrid, Impr. de Yenes, 
 1839. 16 pp. 19J cm. 
 
 Cabrera, R[aimundo] . . . Cubaysus jueces (rectificacionesoportunas). Habana, 
 Impr. "El Eetiro," 1887. 281, 31 pp., 1 1. 20 cm. 
 A reply to F. Moreno's "Cuba y su gente." 
 First edition. 
 
 . . . Cuba y sug jueces (rectificacionesoportunas). 4. ed. Habana, Impr. 
 
 " El Retiro," 1887. 229, 39 pp., 1 1. 20 cm. 
 Prologue by Rafael Montoro. 
 Documents appended. 
 
 MS. notes. A reply to F. Moreno's " Cuba y su gente." 
 First edition, Havana, 1887. 
 
 '. . . Cuba y sus jueces ( rectificaciones oportunas). 7. ed., illustrada y 
 
 aumentada con notas y un ap^ndice. Filadelfia, La Compania Levytype, 
 1891. 335 pp., 11. illus., 16 port. 22 J cm. 
 
 A reply to F. Moreno's Cuba y su gente." 
 
 Prologue by Rafael Montoro. 
 
 First edition, Havana, 1887. 
 
 Cuba and the Cubans, by Raimundo Cabrera . . . Tr. from the eighth 
 
 Spanish edition of "Cuba y sus jueces" by Laura Guiteras; rev. and ed. 
 by Louis Edward Levy and completed with a supplementary appendix by 
 the editor .. . . Philadelphia, The Levytype company, 1896. xvi, 17- 
 442 p. illus., plates, ports., fold. map. 20 cm. 
 
 A reply to F. Moreno's "Cuba y su gente." 
 
 Prologue by R. Montoro. 
 
 First Spanish edition, Havana, 1887. 
 
 Mineral resources of Cuba. Translated by L. E. Levy. 
 
 (In Journal of the Franklin institute, vol. 146, July, 1898, pp. 26-45.) 
 
 Caillot, Severin. Cuba libre. Chez Paillet et Godefroid a Reims [1896] (6), 121, 
 (4) pp. 8°. 
 
 Calcagno, Francisco. Poetas de color por Francisco Calcagno. Pldcido, Manzano, 
 Rodriguez, Echemendia, Silveira, Medina. Habana, Imp. militar de la v. 
 de Soler y compafiia, 1878. 54 pp. 8°. 
 
 Callahan, James Morton, 1864- Cuba and Anglo-American relations. From the 
 Annual report of the American historical association, for 1897. Washing- 
 ton, Government printing office, 1898. (2), 195-215 pp. 8°. 
 
 Cuba and international relations; a historical study in American diplomacy. 
 
 Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins press, 1899. 503 pp. 8°. (Johns Hopkins 
 university studies in historical and political science. Extra volume) 
 Calvo, Jose Maria. Representacion dirijida & S. M. la reina gobernadora, sobre 
 reformas en la administracion de justicia en la Isla de Cuba. Abril de 
 1835, Madrid. Imprenta de Don Lazaro Fernandez de Angulo. 16 pp. 
 12°. 
 
326 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Cambios de la Habana cou Londres, Pans, Hamburgo, Amsterdam y Lisboa, y 
 mimeros fugos 6 multiplicadores para los negocios de dinero -A premio 
 desde cinco A diez y ocho por ciento al ano de 365 dias. Por F. de M. 
 Habana, Imprenta de Pedro N. Palmer, 1824. (16), 338 pp. 8°. 
 
 Campbell, Keau. Around the corner to Cuba, by Reau Campbell . . . New York, 
 C. G. Crawford, 1889. front., illus., fold, maps, plan. 8°. 
 
 Camps y Feliu, Francisco de. Espanoles e insurrectos. Recuerdos de la guerra de 
 Cuba, por . . . D. Francisco de Camps y Feliu. Habana, Estab. tip. de 
 A. Alvarez y compaiiia, 1890. 424 p. 25 cm. 
 Works consulted : pp. [9]-10. 
 Library of Congress, no. F1785.C19. 
 
 2 ed. Habana, Estab. tip. de A. Alvarez y compaiiia, 1890. 424 p. 
 
 26 cm. 
 
 " Bibliograf ia " : p. 9-10 
 
 Oanini, Italo Emilio. Four centuries of Spanish rule in Cuba; or. Why we went to 
 war with Spain. A historical sketch. With illustrations from old and 
 modern authorities and the latest official statistics about Cuba, Porto Rico, 
 and the Philippines. Chicago, Laird & Lee, 1898. (2), 220 pp. pi. 
 port. 12°. 
 
 Cantab, pseud. Cuba; a six weeks' tour in 1889. "Nemesis," a poem. By "Can- 
 tab." Liverpool, E. Howell; London, Simpkin, Marshall, ltd., 1898. 
 2 p. L, 54 p. nar. 12°. 
 
 Cantero, Justo G[erman] Los ingenios; coleccion de vistas de los principales inge- 
 nios de aziicar de la Isla de Cuba. Edicion de lujo. El texto redactado 
 por Justo G. Cantero ... las Mminas dibujadas del natural y litografiadas 
 por Eduardo Laplante . . . Habana, Impreso en la litograffa de L. Mar- 
 quier, 1857. [76] pp. 28 col. pL, 8 plans. 54 J cm. 
 
 The Capture of Havana in 1762 by the forces of George III. Being two authentic 
 reports of the siege and capture of Havana by the combined forces of 
 Great Britain and the American colonies . . . Reprinted from the orig- 
 inal, with introduction by E. E. Hale, for the Boston office of Lend-a- 
 hand . . . [Cambridge, Co-operative printing society] 1898. cover title, 
 40, 35, [2] pp. incl. front, (map) 12°. 
 
 Contents. — An authentic journal of the siege of the Havana. London, 1762. — Mackel 
 lar, P. A correct journal of the landing His Majesty's forces on the Island of Cuba 
 London, 1762. 
 
 Carbonell y Ruiz, Jose Maria. El juicio oral y publico. Discurso leido en la 
 
 sesion publico, celebrada por el Circulo de abonados de la Habana el dia 
 
 19 de enero de 1889. Habana, Estab. tip. 0. Reilly, 1889. 15 pp. 8°. 
 Cardenas y Rodriguez, Jose M. de. Coleccion de articulos satiricos y de costum- 
 
 bres. Habana, Imprenta del Faro Industrial, 1847. (4), x, 257, (1) pp. 
 
 8°. 
 Carleton, George W. Our artist in Cuba. Fifty drawings on wood. Leaves from 
 
 the sketch-book of a traveler, during the winter of 1864-65, by George W. 
 
 Carleton.' New York, Carleton; London, S. Low, Son & co., 1665 [i. e. 
 
 1865] viii pp. 50 pi. 17 cm. 
 Letterpress on plates. 
 
 Carrandi, Ernesta Amador y. La guerra hispano-americana ante el derecho inter- 
 nacional. Madrid, Imp. de la viuda de M. Minuesa de los Rios, 1900. , 
 XV, 218 pp. 8°. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 327 
 
 Cartas, Francisco. Cartera de la Habana . . . Habana, Impr. del gobierno y 
 capitania general, 1856. 140 pp. 16°. 
 
 Recopilacion historica y estadistica de la jurisdiccion de la Habana por dis- 
 
 tritos, halldndose en cada barrio las noticias de historia que le correspondan 
 como asimismo el censo de poblacion, segun las publicaciones hechas hasta 
 la fecha. Por Francisco Cartas. Habana, Impr. del gobierno y capitania 
 general por S. M., 1856. 1 p. 1., 184 pp. 16 cm. 
 
 Cartera CuBANA, La. Director Vicente Antonio de Castro. 1. 1-5. Julio, 1838-sept., 
 1840. Habana, 1838-1840. 5 vols. sm. 4°. 
 
 [Casanova, Inocencio] Memorandum of the wrongs and acts of violence which, 
 since 1868, the Spanish Government in the Island of Cuba have done to 
 the person, family, and property of Inocencio Casanova, a naturalized citi- 
 zen of the United States of America. New York, Mac Donald & Palmer. 
 1871. cover-title, 23 pp. 22^ cm. 
 
 Casas, Bartolome de las. Tercer memorial que se supone de Fr. Bartolome de 
 las Casas, refiriendo los abusos hechos en las islao Espafiola, Fernandina, 
 San Juan y Jamaica. (Acad. d. 1. Hist, colec. Muiloz, t. lxxvi, fol. 1. 
 Extracto de la parte de Cuba. ) 
 
 In Documentos in^ditos relatives al descubrimiento, conqulsta y organizacion de las 
 antiguas posesiones Espanolas de ultramar. 2" serie, t. 6. in. pp. 11-12. Madrid, 
 1891. 
 
 Casas, Juan Bautista. Estudios acerca del regimen y administracion de Espana 
 en ultramar seguidos de una disertacion sobre los caracteres de la civiliza- 
 cion hispano-americana. La guerra separatista de Cuba : sus causas, medios 
 de terminarla y de evitar otras. * Por el doctor D. Juan Bautista Casas . . . 
 Madrid, Estab. tip. de San Francisco de Sales, 1896. xviii, 490, [1] p. 
 21J cm. 
 
 Castillo, Carlos del. Carta de Carlos de Castillo al director de "La Independen- 
 cia " (de Nueva York) , con motivo de su articulo editorial de 12 de agosto de 
 1875, titulado " !La tea! !y siempre la tea!" Londres, Wertheimer, Lea 
 y cia., 1875. 86 pp. 16°. 
 
 Castillo, Rafael de. Gran diccionario geogrdfico, estadistico e historico de Espana 
 y sus provincias de Cuba, Puerto Rico, Filipinas y posesiones de Africa. 
 Acompanan al diccionario el mapa general de Espana ... el postal tele- 
 grdfico de Cuba y Puerto y el de Filipinas. Barcelona, Heurich y com- 
 paflia, 1889-1891. 3 vols. F°. 
 
 Castonnet des Fosses, H. Cuba and Puerto-Rico; conference faite a Roubaix le 15 
 fevrier 1889, par M. H. Castonnet des Fosses . . . Lille, Impr. Danel, 
 1889. 24 pp. 8°. 
 
 [Castro, Juan de] Poems by a slave in the Island of Cuba, recently liberated; 
 translated from the Spanish by R. R. Madden, M. D. With the history 
 of the early life of the negro poet, written by himself, to which are pre- 
 fixed two pieces descriptive of Cuban slavery and the slave traffic, by R. R. 
 Madden. London, Thomas Ward & company. (2), v, (1), 188 pp. 8°. 
 
 Castro, Manuel Fernandez de. Pruebas paleontologicas de que la Isla de Cuba ha 
 estado unida al continente Americano y breve idea de su constitucion geo- 
 logica. Discurso pronunciado en el cuarto Congreso internacional de 
 Americanistas celebrado en Madrid en setiembre de 1881. 
 
 (/?i Comisi6n del mapa geologieo de Espana. Boletin, vol. 8, pp. 357-372. Madrid, 
 1881. 8°. 
 
 [Cattbll, Alexander Gilmore, jr.] To Cuba and back in twenty -two days. A. G, 
 C.,jr. Philadelphia, The Times printing house, 1874. 47 pp. 12°. 
 
328 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 [Cazneau, Mrs. William Leslie] The queen of islands and the king of rivers. By 
 Cora Montgomery [pseud.] New York, C. Wood, 1850. 50 pp.) map. 
 18J cm. 
 An advance publication of part of a work entitled "Our mother land." 
 
 Cerveea y Topete, Pascual. Guerra hispano-americana; coleccion de documentos 
 referentes a la escuadra de operaciones de las Antillas ... El Ferrol, 
 Impr. de "El Correo gallogo," 1899. 218 pp. 24 cm. 
 
 Cespedes, Jose Maria. La doctrina de Monroe. Habana, Imprenta La Moderna 
 de A. Miranda y comp., 1893. (2), vi, 5-511 (1), v, (1) pp. 8°. 824. 
 
 Chadenat, Ch. . . . Collection . . . d'ouvrages, cartes et plans sur Cuba, Puerto- 
 Rico et les Philippines . . . {In his Bibliophile americain. Paris, 
 1898-99. 21 1 cm. nos. 22-23.) 
 
 Chester, Geeville John. Transatlantic sketches in the West Indies, South Amer- 
 ica, Canada, and the United States. London, Smith, Elder & co., 1869. 
 xvi, 405 pp. 8°. 
 
 Pages 172-190 describe Cuba. 
 
 [Church, A. M., ed.'] Picturesque Cuba, Porto Kico, Hawaii, and the Philippines; 
 
 a photographic panorama of our new possessions . . . Springfield, O., 
 
 Mast, Crowell & Kirkpatrick, 1898. 121 pp. illus. 4°. (Farm and 
 
 fireside library, no. 168. ) 
 Cisneros, Evangelina Betancourt Cosio y. The story of Evangelina Cisneros, told 
 
 by herself; her rescue, by K. Decker; introduction by Julian Hawthorne. 
 
 Illustrated . . . New York,^ Continental publishing co. [1898] (7), 253 
 
 pp. Portrait. 12°. 
 Cisneros, Francisco Javier. Relacion documentada de cinco espediciones, por 
 
 Francisco Javier Cisneros. Nueva York, Impr. de Hallet y Breen, 1870. 
 
 120 pp. 23 cm. 
 
 Cover-title: Cinco espediciones & Cuba. 
 
 La verdad historica sobre sucesos de Cuba, por F. Javier Cisneros . . . 
 
 Nueva York, M. M. Zarzamendi, 1871. 78 pp., 1 1. 23 cm. 
 Folleto no. 1. 
 
 Clairac, Jose. Estadistica general de enfermos asistidos en los hospitales y enfer- 
 merias militares de la isla de Cuba durante la campaiia, 1" nov. 1868 d 
 fin de junio 1878. 
 
 (In Pan-American Medical Congress. Trans. Pt. 1, pp. 767-769, Washington, 1895. 
 S°.) 
 
 [Clark, Ben.iamin C] A geographical sketch of St. Domingo, Cuba, and Nicaragua, 
 with remarks on the past and present policy of Great Britain, affecting 
 those countries. By a traveller. Boston, Eastburn's press, 1850. 35 pp. 
 nar. 8°. 
 
 Clark, James Hyde. Cuba and the fight for freedom. A powerful and thrilling 
 history of the "Queen of the Antilles," the oppression of the Spanish 
 government, the insurrection of 1868 and the compromise of 1878, and a 
 full and vivid account of the present struggle of the people for liberty and 
 independence. Profusely illustrated. Philadelphia, Globe publishing 
 CO., [1896]. 512 pp. plates, portraits, folded map. 8°. 
 
 Clark, Victor S. Labor conditions in Cuba. 
 
 {In U. S. Department of labor. Bulletins, vol. 7, July, 1902, pp. 663-793. Washington, 
 1902. 8°.) 
 
 Clark, William J [ared] Commercial Cuba; a book for business men . . . with 
 an introduction by E. S. Gould . . . New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1898. 
 xvii, 514 pp. pi., front., fold, maps, plans. 8°. 
 
 CoLLAZo, Enrique. Cuba independiente, por Enrique Collazo. Habana, "La 
 Moderna poesi'a," 1900. 287, [1] p. 20^ cm. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 329 
 
 CoLOMA Y Gaeces, Eugenio de. Catecismo de agricultura cubana, que contiene todos 
 los conocimientos necesarios que debe tener un labrador para el cultivo 
 del campo y lograr buenas cosechas y arreglado en lecciones para la ense- 
 nanza en las escuelas de las poblaciones rurales de la isla de Cuba, por D. 
 Eugenio de Coloma y Garces . . . Habana, impr. "La Antilla," 1863. 
 194, [3] pp. pi. 14J cm. • 
 
 CoMisiON DE PROPAGANDA del fomento del trabajo uacional. La cuestion Cubana. 
 Contestacion d las exposiciones que ban elevado diversas corporaciones 
 de la isla de Cuba . . . por la Comision de propaganda del fomento 
 del trabajo nacional. Barcelona, Tipografia Hispano-Americana, 1890, 
 98 pp. 8°. 
 
 (Suplemento al niirn. 6 de "El Economista espanol." ) 
 
 Comments on the Bliss-Palma protocol for a Cuban-American reciprocity treaty. 
 
 ^ [Cuban-American reciprocity bureau, Washington, D. C, Jan. 9, 1903.] 
 
 52 pp. Illustrations. 8°. 
 
 Commercial Cuba in 1903. Area, population, production, transportation systems, 
 
 revenues, industries, foreign commerce, and outline of recent tariff and 
 
 reciprocity arrangements. 
 
 {In U. S. Department of commerce and labor. Bureau of statistics. Monthly sum- 
 mary of commerce and finance, Oct., 1903, no. 4, series 1903-1904, pp. 1145-1277. 
 Washington, 1903. 4°.) 
 
 With map. 
 
 (771 U. S. Department of commerce and labor. Bureau of statistics. Monthly sum- 
 mary of commerce and finance of the United States. August, 1903. No. 2. Series 
 1903-1904, pp. 357-489. Washington, 1903. 4°.) 
 
 CoMPANiA DE caminos de hierro de La Habana. luforme presentado por la junta 
 directiva de la Compania de caminos de hierro de La Habana A la general 
 de accionistas, en 31 de octubre de 1858, relativo & los aiios sociales finali- 
 zados en 30 de setiembre de 1857 y 1858. Habana, Impr. del. Tiempo, 
 1858. 36 p. tab. 22 cm. 
 
 [With Sociedad general del cr6dito territorial cubano. Memoria. Habana, 1861] 
 
 CoMPAf5iA DEL ferro-carril DE NuEviTAS A PuERTO Principe. luforme del presi- 
 dente de la Compaiifa del camino de hierro entre Puerto Principe y Nue- 
 vitas y del ingeniero . . . Puerto Principe, Gobierno v Eeal hacienda, 18. 
 V. 8°. 
 
 Concas y Palau, Victor M. La escuadra del Almirante Cervera, por el capitdn 
 de navio . . . comandante que fue del crucero acorazado Infanta Maria 
 Teresa ... en el combate naval de Santiago de Cuba. 2a edicion corre- 
 gida y aumentada. Madrid, Librerf a de San Martin (1899). 248 pp. 2 
 folded maps. 8°. 
 
 Concha, Jose Gutierrez de la. Marques de la Habana. Memoriae sobre el estado 
 politico, gobierno y administracion de la isla de Cuba. Por el teniente 
 General Don Jose de la Concha. Madrid, Tip. de D. Jos6 Trujillo, 1853. 
 ix, (1), 362, 41, (2) pp. Folded map. 8°. 
 
 Memoria sobre la guerra de la isla de Cuba y sobre su estado politico y eco- 
 
 nomico desde abril de 1874 hasta marzo de 1875. Por . . . Marques de 
 la Habana. Madrid, Tip. de R. Labajos, 1875. 178 pp. Folded map. 8°. 
 Oonperencia nacional de beneficencia y correccion de la isla de Cuba. 1st, Habana, 
 1902. 
 
 Programa de la primera conferencia nacional de beneficencia y correccion de la isla 
 de Cuba. Habana, Marzo 19-22, 1902. [Havana, 1902.] 24 pp. 12°. 
 
 Contestacion al opiisculo titulado "Cuba, su porvenir," por J. M. Zayas. [N.-York, 
 Tip. de F. W. Rollins, 1861-] 15 pp. 24 cm. 
 Caption title. 
 Signed "El Condor." 
 
330 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 CoERAL Manuel. El desastre. Memorias de un voluntario en la campana de Cuba. 
 Barcelona, 1899. sm. 8°. 
 
 CoREEA, Diego. El ciudadano Don Diego Correa al excmo. sr. Capitan General, gefe 
 superior politico, &c. Cuarta edicion. Habana, T. Campe, 1822. 13 
 pp. 8°. 
 ^Correspondence between the Treasury Department, etc., in relation to the Cuba 
 expedition and Willam Frent, late collector. New Orleans, printed by- 
 Alex. Levy & Co. 1851. 467 pp. 12°. 
 
 Correspondence on the proposed tripartite convention relative to Cuba. Bos- 
 ton: Little, Brown and Company. 1853. 64 pp. 8°. 
 
 Contains message from the President, Millard Fillmore, communicating a report from 
 the Secretary of State, Edward Everett, with the following papers: 
 
 Letter of the Count de Sartiges to Mr. Webster, April 23, 1852; M. de Turgot au Comte 
 de Sartiges (letter of instructions), Mar. 31, 1852; Project of the proposed conven- 
 tion; Letter from John F. Crampton to Mr. Webster, April 23, 1852; Letter of 
 instructions of the Earl of Malmesbury to Mr. Crampton, April 8, 1852; Draught of 
 convention; Mr. Webster to the Count de Sartiges, April 29, 1852; The Count de Sar- 
 tiges to Mr. Webster, July 8, 1852; Mr. Crampton to Mr. Webster, July 8, 1852; 
 Mr. Everett to the Count de Sartiges, Dec. 1, 1852. 
 
 Appendix. — Answer of Lord Russell to Mr. Everett's letter on the proposed tripartite 
 treaty, Feb. 16, 1853; John F. Crampton to the Earl of Clarendon, April 18, 1853; 
 Letters from Edward Everett to Lord John Russell, Sept. 17, 1853. 
 
 Note. — Wharton, in his Digest of International Law, referring to the writings of Mr. 
 Everett, here printed, says "that for wisdom and eloquence they are unexcelled by 
 any papers that have ever issued from the State Department; and that they main- 
 tain an exposition of our true policy as to territorial accretion, which for its states- 
 manlike power, its nonpartisan broadness of base, as well as for its attractiveness 
 of style, peculiarly fit it to be one of the standards to which political authorities of 
 the future should appeal." 
 
 Gorton, Antonio. Las Antillas . . . [Barcelona, A. J. Bastiuos, 1898] 2 p. 1., 80 
 pp. illus., port. 8°. 
 Cuba, pp. 50-68. 
 Puorto Rico, pp. 19-40. 
 
 CoRzo, IsiDORO. Gervera y su escuadra; consideraciones sobre el desastre de San- 
 tiago de Cuba de 3 de julio de 1898, por Isidoro Corzo, director de"La 
 Union espafiola" de la Habana. Habana, Tip. "La Union," 1901. 170 
 pp., 2 1. pi., port. 16 J cm. 
 
 Gostales, Manuel. Elogio del Dr. D. Tomds Romay, medico honorario de la Real 
 camara . . . Habana, Impr. del gobierno, 1850. 14 pp. Portrait. 8°. 
 [Real sociedad eeondmica de amigos del pais, Havana] 
 
 CoTTEAN, M. G. Descripcion de los equinoides fosiles de la Isla de Cuba. Adicionada 
 por D. Justo Egozcue y cia. 
 
 In Comisi6ndel mapa geologico de Espaiia. Boletin, vol. 2 (2d series), pp. (1-99. Mad- 
 rid, 1897. 8°. 
 
 Cowley, Rafael, ed. . . . Los tres primeros historiadoresde la Isla de Cuba. Repro- 
 duccion de las historias de D. Jose Martin Felix de Arrate y D. Antonio Jose 
 tf if ^6~JUtfLf/' Ct^i'^ Vald^s y publicacion de la in^dita del dr. D. Ignacio Urrutia y Montoya, 
 ^ f/tfft^lf /9^9^ adicionadas con multitud de notas y aumentadas con descripciones .hist6- 
 ricas de la mayor parte de las ciudades, villas y pueblos de esta isla que en 
 ellas se mencionan . . . Habana, Impr. y libreria de A. Pego, 1876-77. 
 3v. '25^ cm. 
 Grafts, Wilbur F., and others. Protection of native races against intoxicants and 
 opium, based on testimony of one hundred missionaries and travelers. 
 Fleming H. Revell Company, Chicago [etc.], [1900] 288 pp. Portraits. 
 Table. Map. 8°. 
 Cuba, pp. 220-225. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 331 
 
 Cresent, a. L'isle de Cuba; etude physique, economique, historique et politique. 
 [In Soci4t6 de g6ographie de Lyon. Bulletin, vol. 14, Oct., 1897, pp. 454-512) 
 
 Crespo de la Serna, Leon. Informe sobre las reformas politicas, sociales y econo- 
 
 micas que deben introducirse en la Isla de Cuba . . . Paris, Imprenta 
 
 hispano-americana, 1879. 31 pp. 21 cm. 
 Cruger, Alfred. Informe general del in^eniero director del ferrocarril del Jucaro 
 
 . . . presentado a la Junta directiva de la empresa el 17 de mayo de 1841. 
 
 Habana, R. Oliva, 1841. 36 pp. 12°. 
 
 Informe presentado a la Comision directiva del camino de hierro de Giiines, 
 
 por el ingeniero principal director del mismo . . . Habana, Imprenta 
 del gobierno y capitania-general, 1836. 26 pp. 12°. 
 
 [ ] Informe presentado al escmo. seiior presidente de la Real junta de fomento, 
 
 de agricultura y comercio de la Isla de Cuba, por el ingeniero director del 
 camino de Giiines . . . [anon:] Habana, Impr. del gobierno y capitania- 
 general por S. M., 1839. 61 pp. 12°. 
 
 Cuba. Aduanas y aranceles de la Isla de Cuba. Habana, Impr. del tiempo, 1858. 
 (4), 337, (2) pp. 4°. 
 
 An appeal from the board of planters and the merchants of Havana, 
 
 addressed to Alfonso XII. New York, 1879. 15 pp. 8°. 
 
 Balanza general del comercio de la Isla de Cuba, 1826-31, 34. Habana, 
 
 Imprenta de la Real hacienda. 1827-35. 7 pphs. f°. 
 Bound with Balanza mercantil. 
 
 >Sa??ie, 1854, 1855. Habana, Imprenta del gobierno . . . 1857. 2 vols. f°. 
 
 Same, 1857. Formada de orden superior por el oficial de la administracion 
 
 general de rentas maritimas Jose Maria Morro. Habana, Imprenta del 
 gobierno, capitania general y real hacienda por S. M. 1854. 121, 44 ph. 
 Folded sheets. f°. 
 
 /Sa?ne, 1862. Habana, 1863. 215 pp. Folded sheets. f°. 
 
 Same, 1860. 215 (2) pp. Folded sheets. f°. 
 
 Balanza mercantil de la Habana correspondiente al ano de 1825, 34. Habana, 
 
 Oficina del gobierno, capitania general . . . 1826. 2 pphs. 4°. 
 
 The Cuban- American reciprocity protocol. El protocolo del tratado cubano- 
 
 americano de reciprocidad comercial. Washington, D. C, Cuban- Amer- 
 ican reciprocity bureau, 1903. cover-title, 16 p. 23 cm. 
 
 Spanish and English. 
 
 Reprinted from La Discu.ssi6n, Havana, Dec. 19, 1902; and from the Washington Post, 
 Dec. 26, 1902. 
 
 Political caricatures on covers. 
 
 Catalogue special officiel de Cuba (Palais du Trocadero) Paris, Prieur et Du- 
 
 bois [1900] 1 p. 1., 193pp., 21. front, (map) pi., tab. 8°. (Exposition 
 universelle Internationale de 1900 a Paris) 
 Comp by Gonzalo de Qixesada. 
 
 Fragments of a letter addressed to a distinguished party in May, 1869, with 
 
 notes and appendix. Also, Report of-Marshal Serrano, Duke de la Torre 
 [present regent of Spain] , on the interrogatories submitted to him by the 
 Spanish government in the matter of reform in the regime of the Antilles. 
 Tr. from the Spanish. New York, 1869. cover-title, 24 pp., 1 1., 25 p. 
 23 cm. 
 
 Plan general de instruccion publica para las islas de Cuba y Puerto-Rico. 
 
 Habana, Impr.- del gobierno y capitania-general, 1846. 57 pp. 8°. 
 
 Special report of the secretary of finance, island of Cuba, to Major-General 
 
 John R. Brooke, U. S. Army, governor general of Cuba. Habana, Rambla 
 y Bouza, 1899. 74 pp. 8°. cover-title. 
 
332 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Cuba. Administracion general de correos. Revista general de comunicaciones. 
 Ano 1-11. Habana, La propaganda literaria, 1879-1880. 19 nos. 4°. 
 
 Capitania general. Bando de gobernacion y policfa de la isla de Cuba, 
 
 expedido por el Escmo. Sr. D. Geronimo Valdes . . . Segunda edicion. 
 Habana, Imprenta del gobierno por S. M., 1843. 121, vii, 33, (1) pp. 
 Folded table. 8°. 
 (Index in manuscript. ) 
 
 ^ Central republican junta of Cuba and Porto-Rico. Cuba before the United 
 
 States. Remarks on the Hon. Charles Sumner's speech, delivered at the 
 republican convention of Massachusetts, Sept. 22, 1869. New York, 
 Styles & Cash, 1869. 39 pp. 8°. 
 
 Centro de estadistica. Noticias estadisticas de la isla de Cuba, en 1862. 
 
 Habana, Imprenta del gobierno, capitania general y real hacienda por 
 S. M., 1864. (207) pp. f°. 
 
 Comision de estadistica. Cuadro estadistico de la siempre fiel isla de Cuba, 
 
 correspondiente al ano de 1846, formado bajo la direccion y proteccion 
 ■del Escmo. Sr. gobernador y capitdn general Don Leopoldo 0-Donnell, 
 por una comision de oficiales y empleados particulares. Habana, Imprenta 
 del gobierno y capitania general, 1847. vii p., 1 1., 266, 44 pp., 11. 3 fold, 
 tab. 27J cm. 
 
 Comision cientifica sobre las aguas termales de San Diego. Informe de la 
 
 Comision cientifica nombrada por el capitan general de la isla, F. Serrano, 
 sobre las aguas termales de San Diego. Habana, "El Iris," 1862. 14, 10, 
 12 pp. fold. plan. 8°. 
 
 Contents.— Informe sobre las obras ejecutadas en los banos termales de San Diego, por 
 Julio Sagebien y Delgado. Informe quimico sobre las aguas de San Diego, por 
 Joaquin P. de Aenlle. — Informe m6dico, por Gonzalo Jorrin. 
 
 Constitution, 1869. Constitution of the Republic of Cuba. Adopted by the 
 
 constitutional convention, and unanimously approved by the Cuban Con- 
 gress assembled at Guiamaro, the provisional capital of the Republic, on 
 the 10th day of april, 1869, and the first of the independence of Cuba. 
 New York, Wynkoop & Hallenbeck, [1869.] (3) pp. 4°. 
 
 ■ 1897. Constitucion autonomica, politico administrative de las islas de 
 
 Cuba y Puerto Rico. [Puerto-Rico] : Sucesion de J. J. Acosta, 1897. 67, 
 (2) pp. 8°. 
 
 1901. . . . Constitucion de la Repiiblica de Cuba. [Habana, 1902] 
 
 36 pp. 20J cm. 
 
 Caption title. Begins, "No. 100. Cuartel general, Departamento de Cuba, Habana, 
 14 de abril de 1902. Leonard Wood, gobernador militar, al pueblo de Cuba: Certifico: 
 que la siguiente es copia flel de la constitucion . . . que me fu6 presentada por la 
 Convenci6n constituyente." 
 
 Convencion constituyente, 1900-1901. Diario de sesiones de la Convenci6n 
 
 constituyente de la isla de Cuba. No. 1-52, 6 de noviembre de 1900-10 de 
 septiembree 1901. Habana, 1900-1. 651 pp. 32 cm 
 
 " Proyectos de bases para la constitucion de la Repiiblica de Cuba, apc^ndice especial 
 al niimero 15 ' ' inserted between p. 158 and 159. 
 
 Department and military governorship of Havana. Annual report for fiscal 
 
 year ended June 30, 1899, from December 22, 1898. William Ludlow, 
 brigadier general, commanding department of Havana and military gov- 
 ernor of the city of Havana, Cuba. 282 pp. Plates. Folded tables. 
 Folded maps. 8°. 
 
 Remarks on the industrial, economic, and social conditions in the 
 
 Deparment of Havana. Made pursuant to instructions of August 18, 1899, 
 from the division commander, William Ludlow, military governor of the 
 city of Havana. Havana, Cuba, September 15, 1899. 19 pp. 8°. 
 
 m 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 333 
 
 Cuba. Department of Western Cuba. Annual report of Brigadier-General Fitzhugh 
 Lee, commanding the Department of Western Cuba. Adjutant-general's 
 office, Quemados, Cuba, August 23, 1900. 61 + pp. Plates. Folded 
 sheets and plates. 8°. 
 
 "Accompanying this report are the reports of staff ofiScers at the head of the various 
 departments and commanding officers of the different posts." 
 
 Departamento de estado. . . . Documentos internacionales referentes al 
 
 reconocimiento de la Republica de Cuba. 1904. Habana, La Moderna 
 poesia, 1904. 1 p. 1., 152 p., 11. 2 front. (1 port.) facsims. 31 cm. 
 Pages [55] and [93] are folded. 
 
 "217" is stamped on the preliminary and last leaves, beneath the seal of the depart- 
 ment. 
 At head of title: Secretaria de estado y justieia. Departamento de estado. 
 Letters from various rulers, in facsimile, and Spanish translation, together with tele- 
 grams of congratulation, etc., addressed to Tom^s Estrada Palma, the first president 
 of the republic of Cuba. 
 
 Departamento de Hacienda. Special report of the Secretary of finance, 
 
 island of Cuba, to Major-General John R. Brooke, U. S. Army: Habana, 
 imprenta de Rambla y Bouza. 1899. 74 pp. 8°. 
 
 Gobierno y capitania general. Bando de gobernaci6n y policia de la isla de 
 
 Cuba, espedido por el escmo. Sr. Don Geronimo Vald^s, presidente, 
 gobernador y capitdn general. Habana, Imprenta del gobierno y capi 
 tania general por S. M., 1842. 121, 33 p., 1 1. 1 tab. 8°. 
 
 "Ap6ndice al Bando de gobernaci6n y policia de la isla de Cuba, comprensivo de 
 
 diversos reglamentos, aranceles y dispoaici6nes. Habana, Imprenta del gobierno, 
 
 1842 :" 33p., 11., at end. 
 
 Same. 2a edition. Habana, 1844. 124, vii, (2), 34, (1) pp. 8°. 
 
 Reglamento para la direccion y gobierno de la real junta superior 
 
 gubernativa de la facultad de farmacia establecida en la siempre fiel isla 
 de Cuba . . . Habana, P. Martinez, 1834. (6), 36 pp. 12°. 
 
 Reglamento para el gobierno del cuerpo de serenos de esta ciudad. 
 
 Habana, Reimpreso en la Oficina fraternal, 1839. 12 pp. 15 cm. 
 Signed: Miguel Tacon. 
 
 Regulations for the execution of the police law of railroads of the 
 
 island of Cuba. [Translation, U. S.] War department, Sept., 1899. 
 
 Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 27 pp. 8°. 
 Translation of the municipal and provincial laws in force in the 
 
 island of Cuba. Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 71 
 
 pp. 8°. 
 
 Intendencia de ejercito y hacienda. Estados relativos d la produccion 
 
 azucarera de la isla de Cuba, formados competentemente y con autoriza- 
 cion de la Intendencia de ejercito y hacienda. Por Carlos Rebello. 
 Habana, 1860. 1 p. 1., 106 pp., 2 1. 24°. 
 
 Junta nacionalde defensade Pto. -Principe. Manifiesto. [Puerto-Principe. 
 
 Imprenta " La Victoria. " 1896.] broadside. 
 
334 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Cuba. Military governor. John R. Brooke, 1899. Civil report of Major-General 
 John R. Brooke, U. S. army, military governor island of Cuba. Havana, 
 1899. 3 V. front., pi., port., map, tab. 24 cm. 
 
 Cover- title. 
 
 Continued in his " Final report, 1899." 
 
 Contents.— 1. Reports: Military governor. Chief of staff. Judge advocate, Division of 
 Cuba. — II. Reports: Secretary of state and government. Secretary of finance. 
 Secretary of justice and public instruction. Secretary of agriculture, industries, 
 commerce and public works. — III. Reports: Brigadier-General James H. Wilson, 
 U. S. v., commanding the Department of Matanzas and Santa Clara. Brigadier- 
 General Fitzhugh Lee, U. S. V., commanding the Department Province Havana and 
 Pinar del Rio. Brigadier-General William Ludlow, U. S. V., commanding the 
 Department of Havana. Brigadier-General Leonard Wood, U. S. V., commanding 
 the Department of Santiago and Puerto Principe. Chief of customs. Treasurer. 
 Director general of posts. 
 
 Final report of major general John R. Brooke, U. S. Army, military 
 
 governor, on civil matters concerning the island of Cuba. Havana, 1899. 
 142 pp. 2 folded sheets. 8°. 
 
 Military governor, Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. . . . Report of the military 
 
 governor of Cuba on civil affairs [Dec. 20, 1899-Dec. 31, 1900] Washing- 
 ton, Gov't print, off., 1901 [1902] 2 v. in 6. pi., port., maps, plans, tab. 
 24 cm. (Annual reports of the [U. S.] War Department for the fiscal 
 year ended June 30, 1900. vol. i, pt. 11-12) 
 
 56th Cong., 2d sess. House. Doc. no. 2. 
 
 Published in 8 pts. 
 
 Included are ' ' reports of the civil secretaries of the government of the island, together 
 with the reports of various civil and military officials." 
 
 Abridged from the edition printed in Havana, 1901, by omission of the Spanish text. 
 
 [Civil report, 1899-1900. Havana, 1901] 12 v. pL, port., maps, 
 
 plans, tab. 24 cm. 
 
 With few exceptions, the reports and papers of the various officials and departments 
 are printed in English and in Spanish. Unless otherwise noted, they cover the 
 period from July 1899, to Dec. 1900. 
 
 Report of William H. Carlson, special commissioner of railroads, printed in Baltimore, 
 Md., by Guggenheimer, Weil & CO. 
 
 Contents. — I. Civil report of "Major-General Leonard Wood, military governor . . . Dec. 
 20, 1899-Dec. 31, 1900. Report of Lieut. McCoy, aide-de-camp. Financial exhibits. — 
 II. Civil orders and circulars issued during 1900. — III. Report of the secretary of 
 state and government. Reports of the various civil governors. — IV. Report of the 
 chief sanitary oiRcer of the city of Havana. Sanitation and yellow fever in Plavana 
 [1890-1900] Report of Major V. Havard, chief surgeon. Report of the superintend- 
 ent department of charities. — V. Reports: Secretary of finance. Treasurer of Cuba. 
 Auditor for Cuba. Chief of customs service. Director general of posts. — "VI. Reports: 
 Secretary of justice. Fiscal of the Supreme court. Judge-advocate on civil affairs, 
 calendar year 1900. — VII. Report of the secretary of agriculture, commerce and 
 industry. — VIII. Reports: Secretary of public instruction. Commissioner of public 
 schools, Sept.-Dec. 1900. Charter of the school city. Superintendent of schools, 
 Jan. 1-Sept. 14, 1900.— IX. Report of the secretary of public works, July 1899-June 
 1900. — X. Reports: Secretary of public works, July-Dee. 1900. Special commissioner 
 of railroads [Feb. 28, 1901] Supplemental report [March 23, 1901] Chief of the Light 
 house board, Feb. -June 1900. Captain of the port, Division of Cuba, July 1899-June 
 1900.— XI-XII. Report of the chief engineer. 
 
 . . . Report of the military governor of Cuba on civil affairs [Dec. 20, 
 
 1899-Dec. 31, 1900] Washington, Gov't print, off., 1901 [1902] 2 v. in 6. 
 pi., port., maps, plans, tab. 24 cm. (Annual reports of the [U. S.] War 
 Department for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1900. vol. i, pt. 11-12) 
 
 56th Cong., 2d sess. House. Doc. no. 2. 
 
 Published in 8 pts. 
 
 Included are "reports of the civil secretaries of the government of the island, together 
 with the reports of various civil and military officials." 
 
 Abridged from the edition printed in Havana, 1901, by omission of the Spanish text. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 335 
 
 Cuba. [Civil report of the military governor, 1901. Havana? 1902] 15 v. plates, 
 ports., maps, plans, tables. 24-26 cm. 
 
 English and Spanish: " Report on a geological reconnaissance" and "Report of . . . 
 chief engineer of the city of Havana for the six months ending June 30, 1901," in 
 English only. 
 
 Reports cover the calendar year unless otherwise noted. 
 
 Contents.— v. 1. Civil report of Brig. Gen. Leonard Wood. Report of Lieut. Frank R. 
 McCoy, aide-de-camp. Report on a geological reconnaissance of Cuba, by C. Willard 
 Hayes, T. Way land Vaughan and Arthur C. Spencer [of theU. S. Geological survey]— 
 V. 2. Civil orders and circulars.— v. 3. Reports of Dr. Diego Tamayo, secretary of 
 state and government. Report of Dr. F. P. Falco, official delegate of Cuba at the 
 5th congress of criminal anthropology in Amsterdam, December 1901.— v. 4. Report 
 of W. C. Gorgas, chief sanitary officer.— v. 5. Reports of Maj. J. R. Kean, superin- 
 tendent Department of charities. Reports of A. H. Glennan, chief quarantine officer, 
 July 1900-Dec. 1901. Report of operations, department of immigration, July-Dec, 
 190i._v. 6. Annual report of Capt. Lucien Young, captain of the port of Havana, 
 July 1900-Jane 1901. Report of Capt. F. S. Foltz, captain of the port of Havana, 
 July-Dec. 1901. Reports of Maj. Louis V. Caziarc, supervisor of police and pro- 
 vost marshal city of Havana, July 1900-Dec. 1901. Report of the rural guard.— 
 V. 7 Report of the chief quartermaster, pertaining to insular affairs, July 1900-June 
 1901. Report of the auditor, Jan.-June 1901. Reports of Carlos Roloff, treasurer. 
 Reports of the secretary of finance. Reports of the department of posts, July 1900- 
 Dec. 1901. V. 8. Customs service July 1900-Dec. 1901.— v. 9. Reports of the secretary 
 of public instruction. Annual report of the commissioner of public schools, Sept. 
 1900-Aug. 1901.— V. 10-11. Reports of the secretary of justice.— v. 12. Reports of the 
 department of agriculture, commerce and industries. Report of the secretary of 
 public works, Jan.-June 1901. Reports of E. J. Balbin, chief of the Light-house 
 board.— V. 12. Reports of Maj. H. F. Hodges, Corps of engineers, U. S. A., chief 
 engineer, Department of Cuba.— v. 14-15. Reports of W. J. Barden, Corps of engi- 
 neers, U. S. A., chief engineer, city of Havana. 
 
 [Civil report of the military governor, 1902. Havana? 1903] 6 v. plates, 
 
 maps, plans, tables. 24 cm. 
 
 Reports cover period from January 1 to May 20, 1902, unless otherwise noted. 
 
 Contents.— w. 1. pt. 1. Reports of Brig. Gen. Leonard Wood, military governor; Lieut. 
 F. R. McCoy, aide-de-camp. pt. 2. Reports of Seiior Perfecto Lacoste, secretary of 
 agriculture, commerce and industry, Jan.-April, 1902; Senor Enrique Jos6 Varona, 
 secretary of public instruction, Jan.-April 1902; Lieut. M. E. Hanna, commissioner 
 of public schools, Sept. 1, 1901-May 20, 1902. pt. 3. Reports of Maj. W. C. Gorgas, 
 chief sanitary officer; Maj. A. H. Glennan, chief quarantine officer; Maj. J. R. Kean, 
 superintendent of charities and hospitals; Dr. Frank P. Menocal, superintendent of 
 department of immigration.— v. 2. Civil orders and circulars issued from January 
 1st 1902 to May 28th 1902 . . . Guggenheimer, Weil & CO., printers, Baltimore, Md.— 
 V. 3. pt. 1. Reports of Dr, Diego Tamayo, secretary of state and government; Capt. 
 H. J. Slocum, superintendent of rural guard; Capt. F. S. Foltz, superintendent of 
 Havana police; Mr. M. C. Posnes, director general of posts, pt. 2. Reports of Senor 
 Leopoldo Cancio, secretary of finance; Gen. Carlos Roloff, treasurer; Maj. J. D. 
 Terrill, auditor; Col. G. H. Burton, inspector general, July 1, 1901-May 20, 1902; Brig. 
 Gen. T. H. Bliss, chief of customs . . . Guggenheimer, Weil & co., printers, Balti- 
 more, Md.; Capt. C. B. Baker, chief quartermaster, Department of Cuba, July 1, 
 1901-May 20, 1902.— v. 4. Report of Senor A. Arostegui, secretary of justice; 
 Report of Senor R. C. Perez, chief justice of Supreme court; Reports of the 
 presidents of the audiencias of Santiago, Puerto Principe, Santa Clara, Matanzas, 
 Havana, and Pinar del Rio.— v. 5. pt. 1. Report of Lieut. W. J. Barden, chief 
 engineer of the city of Havana, [pt. 2] Report on the mineral resources of Cuba 
 in 1901. Prepared by Harriet Connor Brown . . . under the direction of Dr. David 
 T. Day, of the United States Geological survey . . . Press of Guggenheimer, 
 Weil & CO., Baltimore, Md. pt. 3. Report of Capt. P. S. Foltz, captain of the port of 
 Havana.— V. 6. pt. 1. Report of Maj. H. F. Hodges, chief engineer, Department 
 of Cuba. pt. 2. Report of Senor J. R. Villalon, secretary of public works, July 
 1901-May 20, 1902; Annual report of J. S. A. Mercer, state architect, July 1, 1901- 
 May 19, 1902; Reports of E. J. Balbin, chief of the Light-house board, July 1, 1901-May 
 20, 1902. pt. 3. Report of Capt. O. A. Nesmith, chief signal officer, Department of 
 Cuba, July 1, 1901-May 20, 1902. 
 
336 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Cuba. Real junta de fomeiito, de agricultura y comercio. Informe presentado a la 
 real junta de fomento, de agricultura y comercio de esta isla, 1883. 
 Habana, Impr. del gobieruo y capitania general, 1834. iv, 153 pp. 4°. 
 
 Secretaria de agricultura, industria y comercio. La republica de Cuba; 
 
 breve reseila para la Exposicion universal de St. Louis, Missouri, U. S. A. 
 Publicacion especial de la Secretaria de agricultura, industria y comercio, 
 d cargo interinamente del secretario de obras piiblicas Manuel Luciano 
 Diaz. Habana, Impr. de Rambla y Bouza, 1904. (2), 158 pp. 8°. 
 
 Special commissioner of railroads. Report of William H. Carlson, special 
 
 commissioner of railroads, to Major-General Leonard Wood, U. S. A., 
 military governor of Cuba. Baltimore, Md., printed for the secretary of 
 war by Guggenheimer, Weil & co. [1901] 348 p. front., pi. 24 cm. 
 
 (Reissued in Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899- 
 
 [Civil report 1899-1900. Havana, 1901] v. x) 
 
 Superintend encia general delegada de real hacienda. Cuba, ses ressources, 
 
 son administration, sa population, au point de vue de la colonisation euro- 
 p6enne et de 1' emancipation progressive des esclaves. Rapport du procu- 
 reur fiscal D. V*^ Vasquez Queipo, tr. de I'espagnol, avec notes, par Arthur 
 d'Avrainville, attache a 1' Administration centrale des colonies. Paris, 
 Impr. nationale, 1851. 2 p. 1., xx, 594 p. 1 fold. tab. 24 cm. 
 " Avis de I'editeur espagnol " signed: Manuel Maria Yanez Rivadeneyra. 
 The notes to the French edition are translated from JoS(5 Antonio Saco's critique 
 of the work, published at Seville in 1847 under title: Carta de un Cubano & un 
 amigo suyo. . . . 
 Original Spanish edition appeared at Madrid in 1845, with title: Informe fiscal sobre 
 fomento de la poblaci6n blanca en la isla de Cuba y emancipaci6n progresiva de la 
 esclava . . . 
 
 Informe fiscal sobre fomento de la poblacion blanca en la Isla de Cuba y 
 
 emancipacion progresiva de la esclava con una breve reseiia de las reformas 
 y modificaciones que para couseguirlo convendria establecer en la legisla- 
 cion y constitucion coloniales: presentado a la Superintendencia general 
 delegada de Real hacienda en diciembre de 1844, por el fiscal de la misma 
 [V. Vasquez Queipo] Madrid, Imp. de J. M. Alegria, 1845. 2 p. 1., xviii, 
 195, 328, [4] p. 2 fold, tables. 26 cm. 
 
 Editor's preface signed: Manuel Maria Yanez Rivadeneyra. 
 
 Superintendente de las escuelas. Isla de Cuba. Manual para maestros por 
 
 Alexis Everett Frye . . . Habana, Oficina [de las escuelas] [1900?] 
 
 165, [1] pp. 1 illustration. 16°. 
 Cuba and the United States. Some pertinent facts concerning the struggle for 
 
 independence. By the Cuban delegation in Atlanta. Atlanta, C. P. Byrd, 
 
 1897. 24 pp. 8°. 
 Cuba before the United States. Remarks on the Hon. Charles Sumner's speech, 
 
 delivered at the Republican convention of Massachusetts, the 22d Sep- 
 tember, 1869. New York, Styles & Cash, 1869. 39 pp. 8°. 
 Cuba Mexicana. Coleccion de articulos, seguida de la constitucion polftica de los 
 
 Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Mexico, Imprenta y encuadernacion de F. P. 
 
 Hoeck, 1896. 139, (2) pp. 8°. 
 Cuba; a monthly periodical devoted to the business and social interests of the island. 
 
 V. 1, no. 2, Nov., 1902. New York, 1902. 1 no. illustrations. 4°. 
 Cuba: pamphlets 1822-85. (Binder's title) Washington [etc.] 1822-1885. 1vol. 8°. 
 Cuba y America. Periodico quincenal. Nos. 10-18. Agosto 15-Dec. 15, 1897. New 
 
 York, 1897. 8 nos. 
 
 Revista mensual ilustrada. vol.7. Hfibana, 1901. vols, illustrations. 8°. 
 
 I 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. - 337 
 
 Cuban anti-slavery committee, New York. Slavery in Cuba. A report of the 
 proceedings of the meeting held at Cooper institute, New York city, 
 December 13, 1872. Newspaper extracts, official correspondence . . . 
 New York [Powers, MacGowan and Slipper, printers, 1872] 42 pp. 8°. 
 Cuban committee in London. The revolution in Cuba. Issued by the Cuban com- 
 mittee in London. [London, 1895?] 109 p. front, (fold. map). 24 cm. 
 Contents. — Introduction. — Merchdn, R. M. The Cuban question; tr. from El Correo 
 nacional [Bogota, 1895] — Roches [read Rochas], V. de. Cuba under Spanish rule; 
 [tr.] from the Revue contemporaine [1869] 
 
 Cuban League of the United States. The present condition of affairs in Cuba. 
 
 A report of a special committee of the Cuban league of the United States. 
 
 Submitted and adopted by the Executive Committee of the league. 
 
 August 23, 1877. New York, Douglas Taylor, 1877. 16 pp. 8°. 
 Cuban question. The, and American policy in the light of common sense. New 
 
 York, 1869. 39 pp. Folded map. 8°. 
 The Cuban question in its tkue light; a dispassionate and truthful review of the 
 ■ situation in the island of Cuba, and the position of the United States 
 
 toward the insurrection. By an American. New York, 1895. 48 pp. 
 
 23* cm. 
 The Cuban question in England. Extracts from opinions of the press. London, 
 
 Head, Hole & co., [1871] 19 pp. 8°. 
 CuGLE, Frances, cornp. A brief history of the Spanish-American war; February, 
 
 1895, August, 1898. [Harrisburg, Pa., Kurzenknabe press, 1898] 91pp. 8°. 
 Cunha Reis, Manuel Basilio da. Memoria general 6 sea Resumen de las razones 
 
 justificativas del proyecto de inmigracion de brazos libres africanos, que 
 
 para la sustentacion de la riqueza agricola de la isla de Cuba han pre- 
 
 sentado al supremo gobierno Don Manuel Basilio da Cunha Reis, Don 
 
 Jose Suarez Aryudin y Don Luciano Fernandez Perdones . . . Madrid, 
 
 M. de Rojas, 1861. 93 pp. 21 J cm. 
 
 [With Bona, F^lix de. Cuba, Santo Domingo y Puerto Rico. Madrid, 1861] 
 
 Curtis, George Ticknor. The case of the Virginius, considered with reference to 
 the law of self-defence. New York, Baker, Voorhis&eo., 1874. 40 pp. 8°. 
 CuYAs, Arturo, and others. The new constitutional laws for Cuba. Text of the 
 recent measures for the self-government of the island, with comments 
 thereon. Also a brief review of the evolution of Spanish colonization, 
 and a statistical comparison of the progress of Cuba under Spanish rule 
 with that of independent Spanish-American countries. New York, Asso- 
 ciated Spanish and Cuban press, 1897. 168 pp. 8°. 
 
 Consists of three articles: By Arturo Cuyas, Antonia Cuyas, L. V. Abad de Las Casas, 
 presenting the text of the reform, law of 1896, with expository comments, consti- 
 tuting a justification of the Spanish policy. 
 
 Dallas, R. C. The history of the Maroons . . . including the expedition to Cuba, 
 for the purpose of procuring Spanish chasseurs; and the state of the island 
 of Jamaica ... In two volumes. London, A. Strahan, 1803. Frontis- 
 pieces (engravings). Folded map. 8°. 
 
 Dana, Richard Henry, Jr. To Cuba and back. A vacation voyage. Boston, 1859. 
 Ticknor and Fields. 288 pp. 12°. 
 
 Same. London, Smith, Elder and co., 1859. 256 pp. 8°. 
 
 Same. Boston, Houghton, Mifiiin and company, [1887] 288 pp. 12°. 
 
 *■ Davey, Richard [Patrick Boyle] Cuba past and present. With illustrations and 
 map. New York, Charles Scribner's sons, 1898. vi, (2), 284 pp. 8°. 
 David. Description du quartier de Sainte-Catherine et de ses environs. (lie de 
 Cuba.) 
 
 (In Soci6t6 de geographic. Bulletin, vol. 2, 2e serie, pp. 385-389. P&ris, Dec, 1834. 8°) 
 
 159a— 05 22 
 
338 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Davis, Cushman K. Lectures on international law before the faculty and students of 
 the University of Minnesota. October, 1897. [St. Paul, 1897] 80 pp. 8°. 
 Contains discussions of the Cuban question, the Monroe doctrine, etc. 
 
 Davis, Reuben. Speech on his resolutions for the acquisition of Cuba. Delivered in 
 the House of Representatives January 31, 1859. Washington, printed by 
 Lemuel Towers, 1859. 15 pp. 8°. 
 
 Davis, Richard Harding, 1864- The Cuban and Porto Rican campaigns . . . New 
 York, C. Scribner's sons, 1898. xiii, 360 pp., illus., maps. 8°. 
 
 Cuba in war time. Illustrated by Frederic Remington. New York, R. H. 
 
 Russell, 1897. 143 pp. Plates. 12°. 
 
 A year from a correspondent's note-book. Illustrated. London and New 
 
 York, Harper & bros., 1898 (1897). 305 pp., pL, por. 8°. 
 Pages 97-133 contain "Cuba in war time." 
 
 Dawson, G. M. Geological notes on some of the coasts and islands of Bering sea and 
 vicinity. 
 
 (In Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, vol. 5, Feb., 1894.) 
 
 Deckert, E[mil] Cuba, von dr. E. Deckert . . . Bielefeld und Leipzig, Velhagen & 
 Klasing, 1899. 2 p. 1., 116 pp. incl. illus., pi. map. 4°. (Land und 
 leute, II. ) 
 
 Deckert, E. Die Kolonialreiche und Kolonisationsobjecte der Gegenwart. Kolo- 
 nialpolitische und kolonialgeographische Skizzen. Zweite Ausgabe. Leip- 
 zig, Eduard Baldamus, 1888. (4), 240 pp. 12°. 
 Cuba, pp. 174-170. 
 
 Decreet, Emil. Politisch-geographische Betrachtungen iiber AVestindien, unter 
 besonderer Beriicksichtigung von Cuba. Leipzig, 1896, Geographische 
 Zeitschrift, 2, 1-6, 65-81, 129-142. 
 
 Deloeme Salto, Rafael. Cuba y la reforma colonial en Espafia, por Rafael Delorme 
 Salto. Madrid, Impr. D. P. Latorre, 1895. 61 pp. 1 1. 23 cm. 
 
 Demoticus Philalethes, pseud. Yankee travels through the island of Cuba; or, the 
 men and government, the laws and customs of Cuba, as seen by American 
 eyes. By Demoticus Philalethes. New York, D. Appleton & co., 1856. 
 xii, ix, 412 pp. 12°. 
 
 Deerotero de las islas Antillas, de las costas de tierra firme, y de las del seno 
 mejicano. Formado en la Direccion de trabajos hidrognificos para inteli- 
 gencia y uso de las cartas que ha publicado. Segunda edicion corregida 
 y aumentada con noticias muy recientes, y con un apendice sobre las co- 
 rientes del occ^ano Atlantico. Madrid, en la imprenta real, ano de 1820, 
 viii, (4), 591 pp. 8°. 
 
 Same. Mexico, aiio de 1825. 599 pp. 8°. 
 
 Bogotci, ano de 1826. 578 pp. 8°. 
 
 Descourtilz, M[ichel] E[tienne] Voyages d'un naturaliste, et ses observations. 
 Faites sur les trois regnes de la nature, dans plusieurs ports de mer fran^ais, 
 en Espagne, au continent de l'Am(§rique Septentrionale, a Saint Yago de 
 Cuba, et ii St.-Domingue, ou I'auteur devenu le prisonnier de 40,000 noins 
 re voltes, et par suite mis en l^berte par une colonne de I'armee fran(;aise, 
 donne des details circonstancies sur 1' expedition du gen(§ral Leclerc . . . 
 Paris, Dufart, pere, 1809. 3 v. front., 17 col. pL, fold. tab. 8°. 
 
 Sabin describes a copy having 20 pi.; leclerc, 22; Qu6rard, 45. 
 
 Personal impressions of Toussaint L'Ouverture. 
 
 Dessalles, Adrien. Histoire generale des Antilles. Paris, France. Librairie- 
 ^diteur, 1847-1848. 5 vols. 8°. 
 
 Vol. I, pp. 291-304, lies de Cuba et de Porto-Rico. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 339 
 
 [DoMiNGUEZ, Fekmin Valdes] Los voluntaries de la Habana en el acontecimiento 
 de los estudiantes de medicina, por inio de ellos condenado tl seis alios de 
 presidio. Madrid, Imp. de Segundo Martinez, 1873. 148, (1) pp., port., 
 pi. 8°. 
 
 First edition of " El 27 de noviembre de 1871." 
 
 Bound with [Betancourt, Jos6 R.] "Las dos banderas." 
 
 El 27 de Noviembre de 1871. 2'' edicion. Habana, Imprenta "La Corres- 
 
 pondencia de Cuba," 1887. 270, (1) pp. 8°. 
 An enlarged edition of the preceding. 
 
 Draper, William Francis. Against the recognition of belligerent rights in Cuba 
 . under present conditions. Speech in the House, March 2, 1896. Wash- 
 ington, 1896. 7 pp. 8°. 
 
 Du Fief, J. lie de Cuba. 
 
 {In Soci6ti5 royale beige de g(5ographie. Bulletin, vol. 21, Mars-avril, 1897, pp. 93-112) 
 
 DuMONT, H. D. ... Keport on Cuba, by H. D. Dumont, delegated to visit that 
 island for the purpose of investigating the economic and commercial con- 
 ditions now prevailing. 2d ed.. May, 1903. [New York] 1903. 40 pp. 
 23 cm. 
 
 At head of title: The Merchants' association of New York. 
 
 [DuEANT, Thomas Jefferson] United States and Spanish commission. A reply to 
 the pamphlet entitled "Views of the advocate of Spain as to the rightful- 
 ness of the embargo of the property of American citizens in Cuba." 
 [AVashington? 1881] 57 pp. 8°. 
 Caption title. 
 
 Echeverria, Jose Antonio. Oda al nacimiento de la serenisima infanta Dona Maria 
 Isabela Luisa. Compuesta por D. 3os6 Antonio Echeverria, y premiada en 
 concurso por la Comision de literatura de la ^eal Sociedad patriotica de 
 amjgos del pais, Habana, Imprenta del gobierno por S. M., 1831. (4), 6 pp. 
 12°. 
 
 EcsAMEN DE LA cuESTioN DE CuBA. [Habaiia, 1837] 12 pp. 19^ cm. 
 Caption title. 
 
 Edo y Llop, D. Enrique. Memoria historica de Cienfuegos y su jurisdiccion. 
 Segunda edicion corregida y aumentada. Cienfuegos, Imprenta Nueva de 
 J. Andrea y Cp., 1888. 1067, (4), 65 pp., port. 12°. 
 
 Emerson, W. Ralph. The architecture and furniture of the Spanish colonies during 
 the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, including Mexico, Cuba, Porto 
 Rico, and the PhiHppines. Boston, G. H. Polley & Co., 1902. (4), 70 
 pi. f°. 
 
 Entick, John. The general history of the late war, containing its rise, progress, and 
 event, in Europe, Asia, Africa, and America. Illustrated with a variety 
 of heads, plans, maps, and charts. London, Printed for Edward Dilly and 
 JohnMillan. MDCCLXIII. 5 vols. 8°. 
 Expedition against Havanna, vol. 5, pp. 363-386. 
 
 Erenchun Felix. Aduanas y aranceles de la Isla de Cuba, comprende la instruc- 
 cion de 1847, reformada en 1852, el arancel de 1853, los reglamentos de 
 carabineros y sanidad y las ordenes que completan 6 modifican aquellas 
 disposiciones reglamentarias, publicadas hasta fin de 1857. Habana, Imp. 
 del Tiempo, 1858. (1) -t-337 pp. 4°. 
 
 Anales de la Isla de Cuba. Diccionario administrativo, economico, estadistico 
 
 y legislative. Por Don F6hx Erenchun . . . Ano de 1856 . . . Habana, 
 Impr. La Habanera, 1857-61. 3 v. 4°. 
 Imprint of v. 2: Madrid, Impr. de Tejado, 1861. 
 
340 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 EsLAVA, Rafael G. Juicio crftico de Cuba en 1887, por Rafael G. Eslava. Habana, 
 
 Establecimiento tipografico, 1887. 200 pp. 20J cm. 
 l'Espagne et l' Insurrection Cubaine. 
 
 (I7i Revue militaire de l'(>tranger, vol. 49, Feb., 1896, pp. 114r-128; Mar., 1896, pp. 220-239; 
 Apr., 1896, pp. 284-306) 
 
 EsPANA Y Cuba. [Paris, Tip. Lahure, 1876] 37 pp. 8°. 
 Caption title. 
 
 EsTUDios soBRE LAS CuESTioNEs CuBANAS. Octubre de 1879. Paris, Imprenta Hispano- 
 
 Americana, 1879. 51 pp. 8°. 
 Everett, Alexander Hill. Critical and miscellaneous essays. Boston, 1845-46. 
 2 vols. ■ 12°. 
 
 Vol. 2, pp. 325-381, contains an article on Habana reprinted in the Southern Quarterly 
 Review, January, 1845. 
 
 and Edward Everett. Cuba. The Everett letters on Cuba. Boston, G. H. 
 
 Ellis, 1897. 22 pp. 16°. 
 
 Consists of a reprint of letter from A. H. Everett to the President of the U. S. on 
 "Cuba v?ithout war," Nov. 30, 1825 (from Scribner's monthly, Apr., 1876); and of 
 Edward Everett's letter to the Count de Sartiges, Dec. 1, 1852, with a prefatory note 
 by E. E. Hale. 
 
 ExQUEMELiN, A[lexandre] 0[livier] De Americaensche zee-roovers. Behelsende 
 een pertinente en waerachtige beschrijving van alle de voornaemste rove- 
 ryen, en onmenschelijcke wreedheden, die de Engelse en Franse rovers, 
 tegens de Spanjaerden in America, gepleeght hebben . . . Hier achter 
 is bygevoeght, een korte verhandeling van de macht en rijkdommen, die 
 de koninck van Spanje, Karel de Tweede, in America heeft, nevens des 
 selfs inkomsten en regering aldaer. Als mede een kort begrijp van alle 
 de voornaemste plaetsen in liet selve gewest, onder Christen potentaten 
 behoorende. Beschreven door A. 0. Exquemelin. Die self alle dese 
 roveryen, door noodt, bygewoont heeft . . . t' Amsterdam, J. ten Hoorn, 
 1678. 4 p. 1., 186 pp., 6 pi., 4 port., 2 maps. 20 J x 16 cm. 
 Added t.-p., engr. 
 
 First ed. of the original, of which but few copies are Jinovm. Translated into Spanish 
 in 1681, and thence into English, 1684 (where the name appears as Esquemeling) 
 and into French, 1686 (with the name written Oexmelin). The work went through 
 numerous editions in its various versions and formed the foundation for many of 
 the histories and romances of the buccaneers published during the seventeenth and 
 eighteenth centuries. 
 Contents. — 1. deel verhandelt hoe de Fransen op Hispanjola gekomen zijn, de aerdt 
 van't landt, inwoonders, en hun manier van leven aldaer. — 2. deel, deopkomst van 
 de rovers, hun regel en levcn onder malkander, nevens verscheyde roveryen aen 
 de Spanjaerden gepleeght. — 3. [deel] 't verbranden van de stadt Panama, door 
 d'Engelsche en Franse rovers gedaen, nevens het geen de schrijver op sijn reys 
 voorgevallen is. 
 
 Bucaniers of America; or, A true account of the most remarkable assaults 
 
 committed of late years upon the coasts of the West-Indies, by the buca- 
 niers of Jamaica and Tortuga, both English and French. Wherein are 
 contained more especially, the un parallel' d exploits of Sir Henry Morgan, 
 our English Jamaican hero, who sack'd Puerto Velo, burnt Panama, &c. 
 Written originally in Dutch, by John Esquemeling, one of the bucaniers 
 who was present at those tragedies; and thence translated into Spanish, 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 341 
 
 by Alonso de Bonne-Maison . . . Now faithfully rendred into English. 
 London, Printed for W. Crooke, 1684. 3 pts. in 1 v. illus., pL, port, 
 map. 24 cm. 
 
 This copy is imperfect. 
 
 Collation according to Sabin: "Title, 11., 'To the reader,' 5 1., pt. i., p. 115; pt. ii.,p. 
 151; pt. III., p. 124, Table, G 1. Plates at pp. 95 and 102 of pt. i., at pp. 1, 38, 60, 80, and 
 134 of pt. II., and at pp. 31 and 54 of pt. in." 
 "The translator to the reader [anon.] :" 5 pp. 1. 
 
 First English translation. The original Dutch "De Americaensehe zeeroovers" was 
 pub. at Amsterdam, 1678. 
 
 Bucaniers of America: or, A true account of the moat remarkable assaults 
 committed of late years upon the coasts of the West-Indies, by the buca- 
 niers of Jamaica and Tortuga, both English and French. Wherein are 
 contained more especially, the unparallel'd exploits of Sir Henry Morgan, 
 our English Jamaican hero, who sack'd Puerto Velo, burnt Panama, &c. 
 Written originally in Dutch, by John Esquemeling, one of the bucaniers, 
 who was present at those tragedies, and translated into Spanish by Alonso 
 de Bonne-Maison, m. d. &c. The 2d ed., cor. and inlarged with two addi- 
 tional relations, viz. the one of Captain Cook, and the other of Captain 
 Sharp. Now faithfully rendred into English. London, Printed for W. 
 Crooke, 1684-85. 2 v. in 1. illus. , 4 pi. (partly fold. ) 4 port. , 3 fold. maps. 
 22 cm. 
 
 Title of V. 2: Bucaniers of America. The second volume. Containing The dangerous 
 voyage and bold attempts of Captain Bartholomew Sharp, and others; performed 
 upon the coasts of the South sea, for the space of two years, &e. From the original 
 journal of the said voyage. Written by Mr. Basil Ringrose, gent. . . . London, 1685. 
 
 Collation: pt. 1, 6 p. 1., 47 (i. e. 55) p.; pt. 2, 80 p.; pt. 3, 84, [12] p.; pt. 4 (vol. 2) 8 p. 1., 
 212 (i. e. 216), [17] p. 
 
 Paging irregular: pt. 1, p. 50-51 numbered 42-43, 54-6") numbered 46-47; vol. 2, p. 140 
 numbered 144; p. 144-216 numbered 140-212. 
 
 The first ed., 1684, antedates v. 1 by only three months. In the "advertisement to the 
 reader, concerning this second edition " the publisher states that he has compressed 
 the matter into less space by the use of smaller characters and closer typesetting, 
 and has added "some relations which have been imparted . . . from good and 
 authentic hands; wherein are contained several other bold exploits . . . performed 
 of late years by the same bucaniers . . . especially since the time that the author . . . 
 published his book in Holland. These are comprehended in two or three chapters 
 at the latter end of this second edition, and do chiefly relate unto the adventures of 
 Captain Cook in the year 1678, and ... of Captain Sharp and others." 
 
 Sir Henry Morgan obtained judgment against Crooke for statements in the 1st ed. of 
 his publication regarded as libelous, but withdrew his charge on condition that the 
 publisher print an apology, cf. citation from London gazette, June 8, 1685, in Sabin, 
 and the description of a copy of the 1684-85 ed. of Exquemelin in Sotheby's sale cata- 
 logue of the M. C. Lefferts collection of Americana, June, 1902, p. 17, which has bound 
 up with V. 1 four leaves, entitled: "An amendment, or correction of the History of 
 the bucaniers in relation to the actions of Sir Henry Morgan, knyght." Morgan's 
 suit was the occasion for Crooke' s lengthy "preface to the reader" in v. 2. 
 
 This ed. was reprinted, with introduction by Henry Powell, London, Sonnenschein, 
 1893. 
 
 The buccaneers of America; a true acccount of the most remarkable assaults 
 committed of late years upon the coasts of the West Indies by the buc- 
 caneers of Jamaica and Tortuga (both English and French) Wherein 
 are contained more especially the unparalleled exploits of Sir Henry 
 Morgan ... By John Esquemeling, one of the buccaneers who was 
 present at those tragedies. Now faithfully rendered into English. With 
 facsimiles of all the original engravings, etc. London, S. Sonnenschein & 
 
342 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 CO.; New York, C. Scribuer's sons, 1893. 2 p. 1., xxxv, 508 pp. front., 
 
 illus., pi., port., maps. 25J cm. 
 
 "Reprinted from the edition of 1684, to which is added a reprint of the very scarce 
 fourth part, by Basil Ringrose (1685), containing the ' Dangerous voyage and bold 
 attempts of Captain Bartholomew Sharp and others.' Edited, with an introduction, 
 by Henry Powell." — Verso of t.-p. 
 
 Histoire des avanturiers qui se sont signalez dans les Indes, contenant ce qu'ils 
 
 ont fait de plus remarquable depuis vingt annees. Avec la vie, les moeurs, 
 les coutumes des habitans de Saint Domingue & de la Tortue, & une descrip- 
 tion exacte de ces lieux; ou Ton voit I'etablissement d'une chambre des 
 comptes dans les Indes, & un etat, tire de cette chambre, des offices tant 
 ecclesiastiques que seculiers, ou le roy d'Espagne pourvoit, les revenus 
 qu'il tire de I'Amerique, & ce que les plus grands princes de I'Europe y 
 possedent . . . Par Alexandre Olivier Oexmelin. Paris, J. le Febvre, 
 1686. 2 V. 4 p. 1., 3 maps. 17^ cm. 
 
 Collation: v. 1, 16 p. 1., 342, [24] pp., 3 pi., 2 maps; v. 2, 3 p. 1., 384, [22] pp., 1 pi., map. 
 
 Added t.-p., engr., in v. 1. 
 " First French edition, of extreme raritj', translated from the Spanish. The author's 
 name is rather singularly changed. The translation was made by M. de Fronti- 
 gniSres. In 1689 the Journal of Raveneau de Lussan first appeared, and was repub- 
 lished in 1692, and is afterwards generally added to the work. Editions of Oexmelin, 
 with this addition, appeared in 3 vols., 12 mo., in 1699." — Sabin, v. 6, pp. 312. 
 The dedicatory letter is signed by the translator, who while utilizing the Spanish ver- 
 sion by Bonne-Maison practically rewrote the work, rearranging it as to details and 
 giving it a more literary form. cf. Barros Arana, Notas, pp. 72. 
 
 — Paris, J. le Febure, 1688. 2 v. 3 maps. 16 cm. 
 
 Collation: v. 1, 12 p. 1., 448 (i. e. 248), [16] pp., 2 maps; v. 2, 3 p. 1., 285, [16] pp., map. 
 Added t.-p., engr., in v. 1. 
 
 Histoire des avanturiers fli bustiers qui se sont signalez dans les Indes. Con- 
 tenant ce qu'ils y ont fait de remarquable . . . Par Alexandre Olivier 
 Oexmelin. Nouv. ed. corrigee & augmentee de 1' Histoire des pirates 
 anglois depuis leur etablissement dans I'isle de la Providence jusqu'a 
 present . . . Trevoux, Par la Compagnie, 1744. 4 v. illus., 3 pi., 2 
 maps, 2 plans. 17 cm. 
 
 Collation: v. 1, 7 p. 1., 394, [1] pp., illus., 3 fold-, pi., fold. map. fold, plan; v. 2, 1 p. 1., 
 423 pp., fold, map, fold, plan; v. 3, 1 p. 1., 346 pp; v. 4, 1 p. 1., Ivi, 360 [7] pp. Added t.-p., 
 engr., in v. 1. 
 The collation of this edition differs from that of the edition of the same place and date 
 
 described by Sabin, v. 6. no. 23477. 
 The translation of Exquemelin is by de Frontignieres. 
 
 Vol. 3 has title: Histoire des avanturiers flibustiers qui se sont signalez dans les Indes. 
 Contenant le journal du voyage fait a la mer du Sud. Par le sieur Raveneau de 
 Lussan. 
 Vol. 4: Histoire des pirates anglois depuis leur etablissement dans I'isle de la Provi- 
 dence jusqu'a present . . . Avec la vie et les avantures de deux femmes pirates 
 Marie Read & Anne Bonny . . . Traduite de I'anglois. Du capitaine Charles 
 .Johnson. 
 
 Histoire des aventuriers flibustiers quise sont signales dans les Indes. Con- 
 tenant ce qu'ils y ont fait de remarquable . . . Par Alexandre Olivier 
 Oexmelin. Nouv. ed. corrigee & augmentee de I'Histoire des pirates 
 anglois, depuis leur etablissement dans I'isle de la Providence jusqu'tl 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 343 
 
 present . . . Trevoux, Par la Compagnie, 1775. 4 v. ^ pi., 4 maps. 
 16^ cm. 
 
 Added t.-p., engr., in v. 1. 
 
 The translation of Exquemelin is by de Frontigniires. 
 
 Vol. 3 has title: Histoire des aventuriers flibustiers qui se sont signal6s dans les Indes- 
 eontenant le journal du voyage fait A. la mer du Sud . . . Par le sieur Raveneau de 
 Lussan. 
 Vol. 4: Histoire des pirates anglois depuis leur etablissement dans I'isle de la Provi- 
 dence jusqu'a present . . . Avec la vie et les aventurers de deux femmes pirates, 
 Marie Read et Anne Bonny. Traduite de I'anglois du capitaine Charles Johnson [!]' 
 The history of the bucaniers of America . . . Exhibiting a particular 
 account and description of Porto Bello, Chagre, Panama, Cuba, Havanna, 
 and most of the Spanish possessions on the coasts of the West-Indies, and 
 also all along the coasts of the South sea; with the manner in which they 
 have been invaded, attempted, or taken by these adventurers. The whole 
 written in several languages by persons present at the transactions. Tr. 
 into Enghsh, and illus. with copper-plates ... 4th ed. London, Printed 
 for D. Midwinter [etc.] 1741. 2 v. front., 3 pi. (part, fold.) 3 port., 2 
 fold maps. 17 cm. 
 
 Collation: v. i, 2 p. 1., 354 pp., front., 3 port., 3 pi.; v. ii, 1 p. 1., 406, [21] pp. 
 The original of Exquemelin, "De amerieaensche zee-roovers," Amsterdam, 1678, was 
 translated into Spanish in 1681 and thence by an anon, translator into English, 
 London, W. Crooke, 1684. The translation of Exquemelin contained in this " Fourth 
 edition" of 1741 differs from that of 1684 and subsequent editions, as do also the 
 portraits and plates. 
 Contents.— I. [Exquemelin, A. O.] The exploits and adventures of Le Grand, Lolonois, 
 Roche Brasiliano, Bat the Portuguese, Sir Henry Morgan, &c.— ii. [Ringrose, B.]' 
 The dangerous voyage and bold attempts of Capt. Sharp, VVatlin, Sawkins, Co'xon, 
 and others, in the South-sea.— iii. [Raveneau de Lussan] A journal of a voyage into 
 the South-sea by the freebooters of America, from 1684 to 1689.— iv. Montauban, de. 
 A relation of a voyage of the Sieur de Montauban, captain of the freebooters in 
 Guinea in the year 1695. 
 
 The history of the bucaniers of America: being an entertaining narrative of 
 the exploits, cruelties and sufferings of the following noted commanders. 
 Viz. Joseph Esquemeling, Pierre le Grand, Lolonois, Roche Brasiliano, 
 Bat the Portuguese, Capt. Sharp, Capt. AVatling, Capt. Cook, &c. &c. . . . 
 Together with a curious description of the manners, customs, dress, and 
 ceremonies of the Indians inhabiting near cape Gracias a Dios. Published 
 for the improvement and entertainment of the British youth of both 
 sexes. Glasgow, Printed for J. Knox, 1762. 132 pp. 15 cm. 
 An abridgment. 
 
 The history of the bucaniers of America . . . Exhibiting a particular 
 account and description of Porto Bello, Chagre, Panama, Cuba, Havanna, 
 and most of the Spanish possessions on the coasts of the West Indies, and 
 also all along the coasts of the South sea; with the manner in which they 
 have been invaded, attempted, or taken by these adventurers. The 
 whole written in several languages by persons present at the transac- 
 tions ... 5th ed. London, Printed for T. Evans, and Richardson and 
 Urquhart, 1771. 2 v. 17J cm. 
 
 Reprint (without illus.) of the "The fourth edition," London, D. Midwinter, 1741, in 
 which the translation of Exquemelin differed from that of the earlier editions, 1684 
 et seq. 
 
 5th ed. London, Printed for T. Evans and W. Otridge, 1774. 2 v. 
 
 17J cm. 
 
 "This second fifth edition is that of 1771, with another date."— Sabin. 
 
344 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 [ExQUEMELiN, A[lexandek] 0[livier]] The history of the bucaniers of America. 
 London, Printed for J. Walker [etc.] 1810. 1 p. 1., xxiii, 660 pp. front. 
 14 cm. 
 
 Added t.-p., engr. 
 
 Reprint of the " The fourth edition," London, D. Midwinter, 1741, 2 v. 
 Contents. — pt. i. [Exquemelin, A. O.] The history of the hucaniers of America. — 
 pt. II. [Ringrose, B.] The dangerous voyage and bold adventures of Captain 
 Sharp, Coxon, Sawkins, and others in the South sea. — pt. in. Raveneau de Lussan. 
 A journal of a voyage made into the South sea, by the bucaniers or freebooters of 
 America, from the year 1684 to 1689.— pt. iv. Montauban, de. A relation of a voy- 
 age made by the Sieur de Montauban, captain of the freebooters, on the coast of 
 Guinea, in the year 1695. With a description of the kingdom of Cape Lopez, the 
 manners, customs, and religion of the country. 
 
 [ ] Piratas de la America, y luz il la defensa de las costas de Indias Occidentales. 
 
 Dedicado a Don Bernardino Antonio de Pardinas Villar-de Francos . . . 
 Por el zelo y cuydado de Don Antonio Freyre . . . Traducido de la lengua 
 flamenca en espaiiola, por el D'"'. Alonso de Buena-Maison. Impresso en 
 Colonia Agrippina, en casa de L. Struickman, 1681. 19p.l.,xvi, 328, [4] pp. 
 illns., 4 [incl. 2 fold.] pL, 4 port., 1 map. 19 J x 15 cm. 
 3 pts. in 1 V. Paged continuously. 
 Title in red and black; on verso of t.-p., the arms of Pardinas Villar de Francos; 
 
 vignette, p. 20. 
 "Descripcion de las islas del mar Athlantico y de America, por el capitto D. Miguel 
 
 de Barrios," in verse, pp. i-xvi. 
 First ed. of the Spanish translation, made from the original Dutch ed. of 1678. This 
 Spanish version is the source of the English translation first printed in 1684, and of 
 the French translation first printed in 1686. The authors of these translations at 
 secondhand were unfamiliar with the Dutch original and made rather free use of 
 the Spanish version, "incorporating into their respective versions considerable 
 additional matter, chiefly to bring into prominence the special merits of their com- 
 patriots, e. g. , the French version embodying many exploits of the French filibusters 
 not referred to by the Dutch author, while the English edition makes Morgan the 
 principal hero of the story." (H. Powell, introd. to ed. of 1893) 
 
 [ ] Piratas de la America, y luz a la defensa de las costas de Indias Occidentales, 
 
 en que se tratan las cosas notables de los viages, descripcion de las islas 
 Espafiola, Tortuga, Jamayca, de sus frutos y producciones, politica de sus 
 habitantes, guerras y encuentros entre Espanoles y Franceses, origen de 
 los piratas, y su modo de vivir, la toma e incendio de la ciudad de Panama, 
 invasion de varias plazas de la America por los robadores franceses, Lolo- 
 nois y Morgan. Traducido del flamenco en espanol por el doctor de Buena- 
 Maison. Dala a luz esta tercera edicion D. M. G. R. Madrid, R. Ruiz, 
 1793. xxiv, 228, [4] p. 21 cm. 
 
 "Descripcion de las islas del mar Athlantico y de America, por el capitiin Don Miguel 
 de Barrios," in verse, pp. xi-xxiv. 
 
 F., C. M. B. Isla de Cuba. Opiisculo 2°. Documentos relativos a la supresion de 
 conventos y venta de alhajas de las iglesias en dicha isla. Su ex^unen y 
 refutacion, consideraciones politico-economicas. Madrid, Imprenta de I. 
 Sancha, 1837. 29, (2) pp. 12°. 
 
 Bound with "Isla de Cuba. Supresion de conventos." 
 
 Supresion de conventos; contribucion extraordinaria de guerra; 
 
 inconvenientes de estas medidas alli. Ideas sobre la que podria substi- 
 
 tuirse. Madrid, Imprenta de I. Sancha, 1837. 27 pp. 12°. 
 Facts about Cuba. Published under authority of the New York Cuban Junta. New 
 
 York, Sun job printing office, 1870. 31 pp. 8°. 
 Feliciangeli, Alfredo. ... La guerra cubana. Roma, E. Voghera, 1898. 98 pp. 
 
 24^ cm. 
 
 "Estratto dalla Rivista militare italiana, 1898." 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 345 
 
 Fernandez de Castro, Manuel. Estudio sobre las minas de oro de la isla de Cuba, 
 y muy particularmente sobre la de San Bias de las Meloneras en el Par- 
 tido de Guaracabuya, jurisdiccion de Remedios. Habana, Imprenta "el 
 Iris," 1864. 104 pp. 8°. 
 
 Ferro-carril central de la isla de Cuba. Articulos insertos en el Diario de la 
 
 Marina, para demostrar su conveniencia y la posibilidad de construirlo en 
 5 6 6 anos. Habana, Imprenta del Tiempo, 1862. 106 pp. 8°. 
 
 i Puede deducirse de la historia y del estudio de los fenomenos geologicos 
 
 que ofrece la isla de Cuba que esta haya estado uilida 6 no al continente de 
 America en los tiempos precolombianos? 
 
 (In Congreso internacional de Americanistas. Actas de la euarta reunion. Madrid, 
 1881. V. I, pp. 74-94; Dieussion, pp. 169-173. Madrid, 1882) 
 
 Pruebas paleontologicas de que la Isla de Cuba ha estado unida al conti- 
 
 nente Americano y breve idea de su censtitucion geologica. 
 
 (In Boletin de la Comision geol6gica de Espana. t. 8, pp. 357-372. Madrid, 1881) 
 
 Noticia del estado qen ue se hallan los trabajos del mapa geologico de Espana 
 
 en 1° de julio de 1874. 
 
 {In Boletin de la Comision del mapa geologico de Epaiia, v. 3, pp. 1-89. Madrid, 
 
 1876.) 
 " Isla de Cuba," pp. 62-70. 
 
 [Fernandez Duro, Cesareo] 1830- ed. Isla de Cuba. [Documentos ineditos] 
 Madrid, Estab. tip. "sucesores de Rivadeneyra," 1885-91. 3 v. 23^ cm. 
 (Coleccion de documentos ineditos . . . de ultramar. 2 ser. Madrid, 
 1885- t. 1, 4, 6) • 
 
 "Prologo," t. 1, signed C. P. D.; "Introduccion," t. 2 and t. 3, signed Cesareo Per- 
 
 nAndez Duro. 
 Contents.— 1. 1, 1511-1.528; t. 2, 1528-1537; t. 3, 1509-1556. 
 
 Fernandez Juncos Manuel. De Puerto-Rico a Madrid por la Habana y Nueva- 
 York. Estudios de viaje, par Manuel Fernandez Juncos. 2. ed. Puerto 
 Rico, Tip. de J. G. Font, 1887. 2 p. 1., [vii]-xiv p., 1 1., 125 p. 18 cm. 
 
 Contents. — A bordo. — Habana. — El sol de las Antillas. — La tempestad. — Nueva-York. 
 
 Ferrer, Miguel Rodriguez. Los nuevos peligros de Cuba entre sus cinco crisis 
 actuales, por Miguel Rodriguez Ferrer, jefe de administracion y propie- 
 torioenCuba. Madrid, Imprenta de Manuel Galiano, 1862. 197 pp. 16°. 
 
 Ferrer de Couto, Jose. Cuba may become independent. A political pamphlet 
 bearing upon current events. Translated from the Spanish by Charles 
 Kirchhoff. New York, "El Cronista" printing office, 1872. 142 pp. 8°. 
 Presentation copy to Caleb Gushing, with author's autograph on fly-leaf. 
 
 The Field op Mars. Being an alphabetical digest of the principal naval and military 
 engagements in Europe, Asia, Africa, and America. Embellished with 
 maps, charts, plans, and views of battles. London. Printed for J. Mac- 
 govern, MDCCLXXXI. 2 vols. 4°. 
 
 Vol. 1, under Havannah are given " Engagement of Havannah in 1748; A letter from 
 Sir George Pococke, July 14th, 1762, giving an account of the Siege of Havannah, in 
 1762; "Journal of the siege of Havannah, 1762. Published by authority;" Letter 
 from the Earl of Albemarle, dated, near the Havannah, August 21, 1762;" Articles 
 of capitulation agreed upon between Sir George Pococke, and the Earl of Albemarle, 
 and the Marquis of Real Transporte, commander in chief of the squadron of his 
 Catholic Majesty, and Don Juan de Prado, governor of the Havannah, for the sur- 
 render of the city, 12th of August, 1762." 
 The above are reprinted from the London Gazette of Sept. 11, 30, 1762. 
 
 FiGUEROA, Pedro Pablo, 1857- Problemas americanos; fronteras americanas. — Cuba 
 redimida. Libertad escrita, por Pedro Pablo Figueroa . . . Santiago de 
 Chile, Imp. Portena, 1895. 101 p., 1 1. 19 J cm. 
 
346 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Fisher, Horace N. Principles of colonial government adapted to the present needs 
 of Cuba and Porto Rico and of the Philippines. Boston, L. C. Page and 
 company, 1899. 56 pp. 8°. 
 Cuba and Porto Rico. pp. 7-29. 
 
 FiSHEK, Richard Swainson, ed. The Spanish West Indies, Cuba and Porto Rico; 
 geographical, political, and industrial Cuba. From the Spanish of Don 
 J. M. de la Torre. Porto Rico: by J. T. O'Neil. New York, J. H. Col- 
 ton, 1861. 190 pp., folded map. 12°. 
 
 FisKE, Amos Kidder, 1842- The West Indies; a history of the islands of the West 
 Indian archipelago, together with an account of their physical character- 
 istics, natural resources, and present condition. New York and London, 
 G. P. Putnam's sons, 1899. 1 p. 1., xii p., 1 1., 414 pp., pi., maps. 12°. 
 (The story of the nations) 
 
 Flint, Grover, 1867- Marching with Gomez; a war correspondent's field note- 
 book, kept during four months with the Cuban army, by Grover Flint; 
 illustrated by the author, with an historical introduction by John Fiske. 
 Boston, New Y''ork [etc.] Lamson, Wolffe and company, 1898. xxix, 
 290 p. incl. front, (map) illus., pi., port. 20^ cm. 
 
 Flores, Eugenio Antonio. La guerra de Cuba (apuntes para la historia) por Euge- 
 nio Antonio Flores . . . Madrid, Tip. de los hijos de M. G. Herndndez, 
 1895. 555 p. 19 cm. 
 
 The author served on the staff of General Campos in 1877-78; and again In 1895. 
 
 [Font, Juan Prieto] ed. Cuba: souvenir de la proclamacion de la republica en 20 
 de mayo de 1902. [Habana, Impr. de V. L. Veiga, 1902] cover-title, 
 [26] p. illus. (incl. port., facsim.) 36 cm. 
 Illustrated cover. 
 
 Caption title: Cuba: obra ilustrada con fotograbados y biografias de meritisimos 
 Cubanos, publicada durante las fiestas de la proclamacidn de la repiiblica. Por 
 Juan Prieto Font. 
 Contains music. 
 
 Ford, Isaac N. Tropical America. New York, Charles Scribner's sons, 1893. x, 
 (4), 409 pp., photogravures, folded map. 8°. 
 Pages 200-290 contain "The last Spanish stronghold." 
 
 Fort y Roldan, Nicolas. Cuba indigena. Madrid, Imprenta de R. Moreno y R. 
 
 Rojas, 1881. viii, 200 pp. 12°. 
 [Fragua Calvo, LiiioN de] Reply to a pamphlet, entitled, "Thoughts on the annex- 
 ation of Cuba to the United States, by Don Antonio Saco," addressed to 
 him by one of his friends. 
 
 {In [Kimball, Richard B.] Cuba, and the Cubans . . . New York, 1850. 18i cm. 
 pp. 214-251) 
 
 [Frias, Francisco de, conde de Pozos Dulces] ed. Recuerdo de la despedida del 
 excmo. Sr. teniente general Don Domingo Dulce, marques de Castell- 
 Florite, despu^s de haber desempenado el mando superior, politico y 
 militar de la Isla de Cuba. Habana, Impr. del "Mencey," 1866. 32 pp. 
 20^- cm. 
 
 Ed. by F. de Frias, conde de Pozos Dulces, and J. R. O'Farrill y O'Farrill. 
 
 [ ] Refutacion de varios articulos concernientes a ese pais publicados en el 
 
 diario de Barcelona en los meses de junio y julio 1859. Por un Cubano. 
 Paris, D'Aubusson y Kugelmann, 1859. (4), 56 pp. 8°. 
 
 Froiide, James Anthony. The English in the West Indies; or, The bow of Ulysses. 
 With illustrations engraved on wood by G. Pearson, after drawings by the 
 author. New York, Charles Scribner's sons, 1888. x, (2), 373 pp., pis., 
 map. 8°. 
 
 Pages 288-349 deal with Cuba. 
 
 Galiano, Dioniso Alcalo. Cuba en 1858. Madrid, Imprenta de Beltran y Vinas, 
 1859. 254 pp. 8°. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 347 
 
 Gallego, Tesifonte. La insurreccion Cubana. Cronicas de la campana. Madrid, 
 
 Imprerita de lo? ferrocarriles, 1897. 
 Gallenga Antonio Carlo. The Pearl of the Antilles. London, Chapman and 
 
 Hall, 1873. (4), 202 pp. 8°. 
 Favorable to Spain. 
 
 Gallois, L. Le recensement de Cuba. 
 
 [In Annales de g(5ographie, vol. 10, Jan. 15, 1901, pp. 75-79) 
 Gannett, Henry, 1846- ... A gazetteer of Cuba, by Henry Gannett. Washing- 
 ton, Gov't print, off., 1902. 112 pp. maps. 23 cm. (U. S. Geological 
 survey. Bulletin no. 192. ser. F, Geography, 29) 
 57th Cong., 1st sess. House. Doc. no. 474. 
 
 The results of Cuban census. 
 
 {In American geographical society. Bulletin, vol. 32, 1900, pp. 281-286) 
 
 Garcia, Belisario. Caracteres de la guerra Hispano- Americana. Folleto de actua- 
 lidad internacional. Segunda edicion precedida de los juicios de la prensa. 
 Hecha con autorizacion del autor por Alberto Prado Martinez. Santiago 
 de Chile, Imprenta de "La Lei," 1898. 42 pp., port. 8°. 
 
 Garcia de Arboleya, Jose. Manual de la Isla de Cuba. Compendio de su historia, 
 geografia estadistica y administracion. Su autor D. Jose Garcia de Arbo- 
 leya ... 2. ed. cor. y aumentada. Habana, Impr. del Tiempo, 1859. 
 418 pp. pi., maps, plans. 16 cm. 
 
 Garcia Verdugo, Vicente. Cuba contra Espaiia. Apuntes de un afio para la his- 
 toria de la rebelion de la Isla de Cuba, que principio el 10 de octubre de 
 
 1868. Por de Vicente Garcia Verdugo . . . Madrid, Crespo Martin y c\ , 
 
 1869. 422 pp. 20 cm. 
 
 Gardiner, Asa Bird. The Havana expedition in the war with Spain. 
 
 {In Rhode Island historical society. Publications, ne^Y series, vol. 6, Oct. 1898, pp. 
 167-189) 
 
 Gelpi y Ferro, Gil. Estudios sobre la America. Conquista, colonizacion, gobiernos 
 coloniales y gobiernos independientes. Por .D. Gil Gelpi y Ferro. Ha- 
 bana, Libreria e impr. "El Iris," 1864-66. 2 v. port. (v. 2) 24J cm. 
 Title vignettes. 
 
 Historia de la revolucion y guerra de Cuba, por Gil Gelpi y Ferro . . . 
 
 Habana, Tip. de la Gaceta oficial, 1887-89. 2 v. 25J cm. 
 
 George, Marian M. A little journey to Cuba. For intermediate and upper grades. 
 Chicago, A. Flanagan company, [1900+]: 93 pp. Illustrations. Col- 
 ored plate, majj. 8°. (The plan book series. Teacher's edition, 
 vol. IV, no. 1, Sept. 1900) 
 
 GiBBES, Robert Wilson. Cuba for invalids. New York, W. A. Townsend and 
 company, 1860. xii, 214 pp. 12°. 
 
 GoESSMANN, Charles A. Notes on the manufacture of sugar in the island of Cuba. 
 Syracuse [N. Y.]: Journal book and job office, 1865. 16 pp. 8°. 
 
 Gomez de la Maza, Manuel. Diccionario botanico de los nombres vulgares cubanos 
 y puerto-riquenos; por Manuel (lomez de la Maza . . . Habana, Impr. 
 " La Antilla" de G. Cacho-Negrete, 1889. 115 p. 25^^ cm. 
 " Obras locales consultadas": p. [7] 
 
 Flora habanera. Fanerogamas; por el Dr. Manuel Gomez de la Maza . . . 
 
 Habana, Lib., imp. y fabrica de sellos de goma, "La Moderna poesia," 
 1897. 597 pp. 19 cm. 
 
 " Trabaj OS botdnicos del autor": p. [575J-576. 
 
 Gonzales Carranza, Domingo. A geographical description of the coasts, harbours, 
 and sea ports of the Spanish West-Indies; particularly of Porto Bello, 
 Cartagena, and the island of Cuba. With observations of the currents, 
 and the variations of the compass in the Bay of Mexico, and the north sea 
 
S48 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 of America. Tr. from a curious and authentic manuscript, written in 
 Spanish by Domingo Gonzales Carranza, His Cathohck Majesty's princi- 
 pal pilot of the flota in New Spain, anno 1718. To which is added, an 
 appendix, containing Capt. Parker's own account of his taking the town 
 of Porto Bello, in the year 1601. With an index, and a new and correct 
 chart of the whole; as also plans of the Havannah, Porto-Bello, Cartagena, 
 and La Vera Cruz . . . London, Printed for the editor, C. Smith, 1740. 
 xi, 13-136, [8] pp. front, (fold, map) 1 fold. pL, 4 fold, plans. 22^ cm. 
 
 Gonzalez de la Poetilla, Bruno. Discurso . . . con motivo de la apertura del tri- 
 bunal de la Real audiencia en 2 de Enero del presente afio de 1836. Puerto 
 Principe, Afio de 1836. Imprenta de gobierno y real hacienda. (2), 9 
 pp. 12°. 
 
 Gonzalez de los Rios, Pelayo. Ensayo historico-estadistico de la instruccion pii- 
 blica de la isla de Cuba. O breve reseiia de sus adelantos, de su estado 
 actual y de su reforma, particularmente de la instruccion primaria, prece- 
 dido de varios estudios sobre ensefianza. [Habana, 1865] L. 8°. 
 Extract from Memorias de la Real Soeiedad economica y anales de fomento. 
 
 Gonzalez del Valle, M. La poesia lirica en Cuba. Barcelona, 1900. 
 Gonzalez Parrado, Julian. Divagaciones militares. Coleccion de articulos. 3. 
 ed., corregida y aumentada. Habana, Imp. de la S. de Infanteria, 1898. 
 281 pp. 16°. 
 
 "Episodios de la insurrecci6n de Cuba," pp. 1-139; "Estudios hist6ricos-militares." 
 pp. 142-181. 
 
 Gonzalez Ponce de Llorente, Antonio. Eeflexiones politicas sobre las actuales 
 
 circunstancias de la Isla de Cuba. Trinidad, Impr. del Correo, 1851. 
 
 30 pp. 8°. 
 Goodman, Walter. The Pearl of the Antilles, or. An artist in Cuba. London, 
 
 Henry S. King & co., 1873. xiv, 304 pp. 8°. 
 Gordon y de Acosta, Antonio de. Critica medica de nuestra obstetrica legal en 
 
 cuanto a los partos precoces y tardios . . . Habana, J. Huguet, 1900. 
 
 30 pp. 8°. 
 
 Datos historicos acerca de los cementerios de la ciudad de la Habana . . . 
 
 Habana, Impr. de J. Huguet, 1901. 40 pp. 8°. 
 
 Higiene colonial en Cuba, trabajo leido en las sesiones celebradas los dias 24 
 
 de febrero y 10 de marzo de 1895. (Real academia de ciencias m^dicas, 
 fisicas y naturales de la Habana) Habana, Sarachaga y H. Miyares, 1895. 
 57 pp. 8°. 
 
 Higiene del ciclismo en Cuba, discurso leido en la sesion celebranda el dia 19 
 
 de febrero de 1894. (Soeiedad de Higiene de la Habana) Habana, 
 A. Miranda, 1894. 16 pp. 8°. 
 
 La Iglesia y la cremacion. Habana, Imprenta la moderna, 1893. 19 pp. 8°. 
 
 An address before the Soeiedad de Higiene de la Habana, Dec. 11, 1893. 
 
 Los incendios, los bomberos y la higiene, trabajo leido en la sesion celebrada 
 
 el dia 5 de julio de 1894. (Soeiedad de Higiene de la Habana) Habana, 
 "La moderna," 1894. 73 pp. 8°. 
 
 Una responsabilidad de nuestros cafes, trabajo leido en las sesiones cele- 
 
 bradas, los dias 8 de noviembre y 8 de diciembre de 1895. Habana, 
 Imprenta "El Figaro," 1896. 42 pp. 8°. [Real academia de ciencias 
 medicas, fisicas y naturales de la Habana] 
 
 El tabaco en Cuba. Apuntes para su historia. Habana, Tipografia La 
 
 Propaganda literaria libreria 1 897. 85 pp. 8°. 
 
 La tuberculosis en la Habana desde el punto de vista social y economico . . . 
 
 Habana, Imprenta militar, 1899. 32 pp. 8°. S. 
 
 1 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 349 
 
 Graham, John, 1722-1796. Extracts from the Journal of the Reverend John Gra- 
 ham, chaplain of the First Connecticut regiment, Colonel Lyman. From 
 Se^Dtember 25th to October 19th, 1762, at the siege of Havana. Printed 
 by order of the fourth General court of the Society of colonial wars in the 
 state of New York . . . New York, 1896. 18 p. incl. facsim. 24 cm. 
 Granier db Cassagnag, [Bernard] A[dolphe] Voyage aux Antilles, fran^aises, 
 anglaises, danoises, espagnoles; a Saint-Domingue et aux Etats-Unis 
 d'Amerique . . . Par A. Granier de Cassagnac. Paris, Dauvin et Fon- 
 taine, 1842-44. 2 V. 8°. 
 
 Imprint of v. 2: Paris, Au comptoir des imprimetirs-unis. 
 
 Contents.— 1 ptie. Les Antilles franpaises. — 2 ptie. Les Antilles anglaises, danoises, et 
 espagnoles, Saint-Domingue et les Etats-Unis. 
 
 Great Britain. Admiralty. The West India pilot, vol. ii. The Caribbean sea, 
 from Barbados to Cuba; with Florida strait, Bahama and Bermuda islands. 
 Originally compiled by E. Barnett. London, printed for the Hydrographic 
 office. Admiralty, 1887. 8°. 
 
 Pages 192-221 describe the coast of Porto Rico and the Mona passage; pp. 367-469 the 
 coast of Cuba. ^ 
 
 Foreign Office. Consuls. Commercial reports, 1869-70. Report on the 
 
 trade and commerce of Cuba in March, 1870. pp. 658-663. 
 
 (J?i Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1871. vol.65.) 
 
 Same, 1871. Report on trade and shipping in the island of 
 
 Cuba for the year 1870-71. pp. 741-748. 
 
 (7n Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1870. vol.66.) 
 
 . Same (1872). Report on trade and shipping at Havana, and 
 
 some other ports in Cuba, for 1871-72. pp. 512-536. 
 
 (Jn Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1872. vol.57.) 
 
 Same. Havana: Supplemental report ... on the exports 
 
 from . . . Cuba for . .' . 1872. pp. 1048-1051. 
 
 {I7i Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1873. vol. 65.) 
 
 Same (1874), no. 22. Report on the trade and commerce of 
 
 Cuba for 1873. pp. 1473-1488. 
 
 (Jw Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1874. vol.67.) 
 
 Same (1878), no. 1. Report on the trade, commerce, agri- 
 
 culture, etc., of the island of Cuba, to the end of the crop, 1876-77. pp. 
 213-245. 
 
 (Iw Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1878. vol.73.) 
 
 Same. Report on the trade and commerce of St. Jago de 
 
 Cuba for 1876. pp. 280-281. 
 
 (7w Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1878. vol.73.) 
 
 Same (1878), no. 24. Cuba. Reports on the trade and com- 
 
 merce for 1877 of Cardenas, Cienfuegos, Havana, Matanzas, Remedies, 
 Sagua St. Jago, Trinidad de Cuba. pp. 1717-1733. 
 
 (J7i Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1878. vol.75.) 
 
 Same (1879), no. 13. Report on the trade and commerce of 
 
 Havana for 1878. pp. 546-560. 
 
 (Jn Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1878-9. vol.70.) 
 
 Same (1879), no. 13. Report on the trade and commerce of 
 
 St. Jago de Cuba for 1878. pp. 591-2. 
 
 (7n Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1878-79. vol.70.) 
 
 Same (1879), no. 6. Report on the trade, commerce, and 
 
 agriculture of the island of Cuba for the financial year 1877-78 (Havana) . 
 pp. 245-269. 
 
 (I» Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1878-9. vol.70.) 
 
350 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Great Britain. Foreign Office. Consuls. (1880), Part VII. Havana, 1879. pp. 
 1781-1833.- St. Jago de Cuba, 1879. pp. 1859-1861. 
 
 (Jw Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1880. vol.75.) 
 
 Same (1883), no. 14. Part III. Report on the commerce 
 
 and navigation of the island of Cuba for 1880, 1881, and 1882. pp. 430-442. 
 {/7i Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1883. vol.73.) 
 
 Same (1884), no. 10. Correspondence respecting the com- 
 mercial convention concluded between Spain and the United States rela- 
 tive to the West India trade. London, 1884. 13 pp. 
 (Jn Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1884. vol.83.) 
 "For improving the trade relations between the islands of Cuba and Puerto Rico and 
 the United States of America." 
 
 Same (1884) , no. 40. Reports on manufactures, commerce, 
 
 etc. . . . Part IV. Cuba: Report by Arthur Hardinge on a scheme 
 recently adopted by the Spanish Government for introducing reforms into 
 Cuba. pp. 469-480. 
 
 (Jw Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1884-85. vol.76.) 
 
 Same (1885), no. 17. Report ork the commerce and agricul- 
 
 ture of the island of Cuba for 1883 and 1884. pp. 632-671. 
 (7w Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1884r-85. vol.78.) 
 
 Diplomatic and consular reports. Annual series, 1886, no. 10. Re- 
 port on the trade of Cuba for the year 1885. London, 1886. (2), 10 
 pp. F°. 
 
 (Tw Pari, sessional papers. 1887. vol.86.) 
 
 Same, 1887, no. 205. Report for the year 1886 on the trade, 
 
 etc., of the island of Cuba. London, 1887. (2), 11 pp. F° 
 (Jm Pari, sessional papers. 1887. vol.86.) 
 
 Same, 1888, no. 327. Report for the year 1887 on the trade 
 
 of Havana (Cuba). London, 1888. 18 pp. 
 
 (/w Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1888. vol.103.) 
 
 Same, 1892, no. 1132. Report for the year 1891 on the trade, 
 
 agriculture, mining, &c., of St. Jago de Cuba. London, 1892. (2), 32 pp. 
 Folded map. 8°. 
 
 Same, 1895, no. 1643. Report for the year 1894. London, 
 
 1895. (2), 19 pp. Folded map. 8°. 
 
 Same, 1893, no. 1213. Report for the year 1892 on the trade 
 
 of the consulate-general at Havana. London, 1893. (2), 27 pp. 8°. 
 
 Same, 1894. Report for the year 1893. London, 1894. (2), 
 
 30 pp. 8°. 
 
 Same, 1894, no. 1356. Report for the year 1893 on the trade, 
 
 etc., of the district of the consulate-general at Havana. London, 1894. 
 (2), 30 pp. 
 
 (7?i Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1894. vol.88.) 
 
 Same, 1895, no. 1643. Report for the year 1894 on the trade. 
 
 etc., of St. Jago de Cuba. London, 1895. (2), 19 pp. Folded coloured 
 map. 
 
 (/h Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1896. vol.88.) 
 
 Same, 1895, no. 1524. Report for the year 1894 on the trade 
 
 of district of the consulate-general at Havana. London, 1895. (2), 28 pp. 
 (7?7 Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1895. vol.100.) 
 
 Report for the year 1895 on the trade, etc., of the consular dis- 
 trict of Havana. London, 1896. (2), 18 pp. 
 
 (i?!. Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1896. vol.88.) 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 351 
 
 Great Britain. Foreign Office. Consuls. Annual series, 1897, no. 1880. Report 
 for the 5'ear 1896 on the trade of the consular district of Havana. London, 
 1897. (2), 18 pp. 
 
 (Jw Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1897. vol.93.) 
 
 Same, 1897, no. 1940. Report for the year 1896 on the trade 
 
 of the consular district of Santiago de Cuba. London, 1897. (2), 18 pp. 
 {In Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1897. vol. 93.) 
 Santiago: pp. 1-12; Baracoa: pp. 13-14; Manzanillo: pp. 15-16; Gibara: pp. 17; Banes: 
 pp. 18. 
 
 Same, no. 2361. Report for the year 1898 on the trade and 
 
 commerce of the consular district of Havana. London, 1899. 14 pp. 
 
 Same, no. 2473. Report for the year 1899 on the trade and 
 
 commerce of the island of Cuba. London, 1900. 27 pp. 
 
 Same, no. 2674. United States. Report for the year 1900 on 
 
 the trade and commerce of the island of Cuba. London, 1901. 37 pp. 8°. 
 Same, no. 2909. United States. Report for the year 1901 on 
 
 the trade and commerce of the island of Cuba. London, 1902. 30 pp. 
 
 — Same, no. 3076. Cuba. Report for the year 1902 on the 
 
 trade and commerce of the island of Cuba. London, 1903. 24 pp. 
 
 Miscellaneous series, 1887, no. 59. Report on the mining 
 
 industry of the District of Santiago de Cuba. London, 1887. (2) , 5 pp. F° 
 (Jw Parliamentary sessional papers. 1887. vol.32.) Continued in no. 177 of 1890. 
 
 Same, 1889, no. 115. Report on the tobacco industries of 
 
 Cuba. London, 1889. (2), 3 pp. 
 
 Same, 1890, no. 177. Further report on the inineral deposits 
 
 of the island of Cuba. London, 1890. (2), 3 pp. 
 Continuation of Report no. 59, 1887. 
 
 Parliament. Coi'respondence respecting slavery in Cuba. London, 1879. 
 
 8 pp. 
 
 (i?i Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1878-79. vol.66.) 
 
 ■ Correspondence between the United States, Spain, and France con- 
 cerning alleged projects of conquest and annexation of the island of Cuba. 
 London, 1853. 84 pp. 
 
 (/?i Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1852-53. vol. cii.) 
 
 Correspondence with Britifih representatives and agents abroad, and 
 
 reports from naval officers relating to the slave trade. London, 1879. 
 (/?i Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1878-9. vol.66.) 
 Havana, pp. 88-94. 
 
 Correspondence with British representatives and agents abroad, and 
 
 reports from naval officers relating to the slave trade. London, 1878. 
 (Jn Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1878. vol.67.) 
 Spain, pp. 218-221; Havana, pp. 221-230. 
 
 Correspondence with the British commissioners at . . . Havana 
 
 . . . and reports from British vice admiralty courts, and from British 
 naval officers, relating to the slave trade. From April 1, 1853, to March 
 31, 1854. London, 1854. 
 
 {In Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1854. vol. lxxiii.) 
 Havana, pp. 5-67. 
 
 Report on the labour question in Cuba. London, 1878. 3 pp. 
 
 (In Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1878. vol.67.) 
 
 Return of the number of negro slaves imported into Brazil and Cuba, 
 
 . respectively, between January and October, 1852. London, 1852-53. 
 (Jw Great Britain. Parliament. Sessional papers. 1852-53. vol. cii.) 
 Gkonlier, Enrique. Flores de mi vida. Poesias . . . Habana, Imprenta nacional 
 y estranjera, 1862. 128 pp. 8°. 
 
352 HANDBOOK liA. 
 
 GuAEDiA, Vicente de la. Estadistica demogratico sanitaria de la ciudad de la 
 Habana, ano 1891. Habana, Tipografia de Alvarez y compania, 1892. 
 10 (2) pp. 12 folded sheets. 1.8°. unbound. 
 
 Estadistica demognifico-sanitaria de la Habana. Ano de 1893 (algunas notas 
 
 relativas al asunto). Sarachaga y H. Miy ares, Habana. [1893] 13(30) 
 pp. 3 folded sheets. 8°. (Real Academia de ciencias medicas, fisicasas 
 y naturales. ) 
 GuERKEKO, Rafael. Cronica de la guerra de Cuba (1895) escrita por Rafael Guerrero 
 con los datos suministrados por los corresponsales de Habana y New York 
 y documentos adquiridos al efecto . . . Barcelona, M. Maucci, 1895-97. 
 5 V. illus. (incl. ports.) fold. map. 25 cm. 
 Added t. -p., illus. (in V. 1) 
 Vol. 1 ; 3 ed. 
 
 Title varies; v. 2-3: Cronica de la guerra de Cuba (1895-96) — v. 4: Cr6nica de la guerra 
 de Cuba y de la rebeli6n de Filipinas (1895-96) — v. 5: Cronica de la guerra de Cuba 
 y de la rebeli6n de Filipinas (1895-96-97)— 
 
 Guerrero, Teodoro. La Habana por furera. Cuadros de la vida Cubana. Habana, 
 imprenta y librerias El Iris, 1866. (2), xii, viii (2), 7-521 (1) pp. 8°. 
 Pp. ii-xii, contain an article by Jos6 Maria C(3spedes on "La novela en Cuba." 
 
 GuiA DE PORASTEROs de la isla de Cuba y calendario manual. Habana, [1816-1863] 
 30 vols. 24°. 
 
 Library has: 1«17, 1822, 1824, 1825, 1828-1830, 1832-1819, 1852, 1863, 185,9, 1861, 1864. 
 
 Guide to Havana, Mexico, and New York. A description of the principal cities of 
 the island of Cuba and of Mexico . . . Also Guia de Nueva York y los 
 EstadosUnidos . . . NewYork,W.r. Smith &co., 1885. lp.l.,78pp. 8°. 
 Guide to Cuba and Mexico in English; guide to the United States in Spanish. 
 
 GuiTERAS, John, editor. Free Cuba, her oppression, struggle for liberty, history, and 
 present condition, with the Causes and justification of the present war for 
 independence, by Rafael M. Merchdn, one of the leaders of the Cuban 
 patriots. The history of the war, by Gonzalo de Quesada, Cuban charge 
 d'affaires at Washington, and special chapters by F. G. Pierra, chairman 
 of the revolutionary committee of the United States, and by Capt. Ricardo 
 J. Navarro, of the Cuban army. Edited by Dr. John Guiteras, of the Uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania. [Philadelphia] Publishers' union, 1896. 617 
 pp. illustrations. 12°. 
 
 GuiTEKAS, Pedro J[ose] Historia de la conquista de la Habana. (1762) Escrita 
 , por Pedro J. Guiteras. Filadelfia, Parry and McMillan, 1856. 188 pp. 
 20 cm. 
 
 Historia de la isla de Cuba; con notas e ilustraciones. Nueva York, Jorje 
 
 R. Lock wood [etc.], 1865-1866. 2 v. 8°. 
 
 Gutierrez y Salazar, Pedro. Reformas de Cuba. Cuestion social. Abolicion de 
 la esclavitud, indemnizacion d los perjudicados con la abolicion por medio 
 de la orgariizacion del trabajo, de la inmigracion y de las reformas econo- 
 micas y administrativas que deben plantearse inmediatamente, con dos 
 ap^ndices de interes para los generales y permanentes de la isla de Cuba. 
 Madrid, Imprenta de Manuel G. Hernandez, 1879. 85 (2), pp. 8°. 
 
 Gundlach Juan. Contribucion d la mamalogia cubana. Habana, Imprenta de G. 
 Montiel y comp^, 1877. pp. 1-16, 25-53. 8°. 
 Unbound, Smithsonian. 
 
 Contribucion d la entomologia cubana. Habana, Imprenta de Montiel, 
 
 1881. 8°. 
 
 Imperfect, pp. 1-220; 325-412. Lacks pp. 221-324; 413 et seq. 
 Unbound, SBiithsonian. 
 
I 
 
 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. . 353 
 
 GuNDLACH Juan. Contribucion ii la erpetologia cubana. Havana, G. Monteil & co,. 
 1880, 99 p. 8°. 
 
 Reprinted from the Anales de la Real Academia, Havana, Oct. 15, 1880. 
 
 Contribucion li ornitologia cubana. Habana, Imp. "La Antilla," 1876. 8°. 
 
 Imperfect. PP- 113-364 only. 
 Unbound, Smithsonian. 
 
 Contribucion ^ la mamalogia cubana. Habana, 1877. 8°. 
 
 Contribucion d la fauna malacologia cubana. Habana, 1878. 8°. 
 
 Contribucion d la entomologia cubana. Habana, 1881. 8°. 
 
 Contribucion d la erpetologia cubana. Habana, 1880. 8°. 
 
 GuENEY, Joseph John. A av inter in the West Indies, described in familiar letters 
 to Henry Clay, of Kentucky. London, John Gurney [etc.], 1840. xvi, 
 282 pp. Plates. 8°. 
 Cuba, pp. 153-169. 
 
 Habana [Jos6 Gutierrez de la Concha y de Irigoyeii] marques de la, 1809-1895. 
 Memoria sobre la guerra de la isla de Cuba y sobre su estado politico y 
 economico desde abril de 1874 hasta marzo de 1875, por el capitdn general 
 de ejercito, marques de la Habana. Madrid, Establecimiento tipogrdfico 
 de R. Labajos, 1875. xv, [17J-178, [177J-179 p. fold. map. 23 cm. 
 
 Memorias sobre el estado politico, gobierno y administracion de la isla de 
 
 Cuba. Por el teniente general Don Jose de la Concha. Madrid, J. Tru- 
 jillo, 1853. ixp., 1 1., 362, 41 [2] p. fold. map. 25 J cm. 
 Habana. Carta de un patriota; 6 sea Clamor de , loa Cubanos dirigido d sus pro- 
 curadores d Cortes. [Cadiz, 1835] 15 p. 19i cm. 
 Caption title. 
 
 Hall, A. D. Cuba: its past, present, and future. New York, Street & Smith, [1898.] 
 
 178 pp. 12°. (Historical series, no. 1). 
 
 Hallam, G[eorge] Narratives of a voyage from Montego Bay, in the island of 
 
 Jamaica, to England . . . across the island of Cuba to Havanna [ !] : from 
 
 thence to Charles Town, South Carolina, Newcastle on the Delaware, and 
 
 Baltimore, Maryland; and by land to Washington and back; thence -to 
 
 Philadelphia, and through the Jerseys, to New York, where he embarked 
 
 . . . and made the voyage to Havre-de-Grace, in France . . . Performed 
 
 in the autumn, 1809. Also of a voyage from England to Barbadoes by Cadiz, 
 
 Teneriffe, and Guadaloupe, in 1810. By G. Hallam . . . London, Printed 
 
 for C. J. G. & F. Rivington, 1831. iv, 112 p. front, (fold, map) 12°. 
 
 "The following narrative was hastilj^ committed to paper at the moment the voyage 
 
 and journey were executing, with a view to recollect the scenes that presented 
 
 themselves, and such information as the author, an old military officer, could collect, 
 
 especially relative to the Havanna, the capture of which had, in the year 1761-2, cost 
 
 England the lives ot so many brave British olflcers, seamen, and soldiers; to say 
 
 nothing of the money expended in carrying it into effect; and to record such obser- 
 
 Aations, If permitted to obtain them, as should point out the way, on any future 
 
 occasion, of effecting the same glorious purpose without any of the fatal and expen ■ 
 
 sive effects that attended that expedition before mentioned under LoM Albe- 
 
 marie." — Preface. 
 
 Halstead, Murat, 1829- Our new possessions. Natural riches, industrial resources 
 ... of Cuba, Porto Rico, Hawaii, the Ladrones and the Philippine islands, 
 with episodes of their early history . . . Chicago, The Dominion co., 
 1898. 400 pp., illus., pi., port., map. 8°. 
 
 Issued simultaneously also under the title " The story of the Philippines." 
 
 Pictorial history of America's new possessions, the Isthmian canals, and the 
 
 problem of expansion . . . with chapters on the policy of American 
 expansion, contributed by President William McKinley, ex-Pres. Grover 
 
 159a— 05 23 
 
354 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Cleveland . . . [and others] By Murat Halstead . . . Chicago, The 
 Dominion company [1898] 681 pp. incl. illus., pi., maps. 252- cm. 
 
 The story of Cuba. Her struggles for liberty; the cause, crisis and destiny of 
 
 the Pearl of the Antilles. Graphically illustrated with numerous typical 
 photographic reproductions and original drawings. Chicago, The "Werner 
 company, 1896. 503 pp., pL, map. 8°. 
 
 The story of Cuba : her struggles for liberty ; the cause, crisis and destiny of the 
 
 Pearl of the Antilles, by Murat Halstead . . . 6th ed. — rev. to date. 
 Akron, 0., The Werner co. [1898] 649 pp. incl. front., pi., port., map. 
 pi., port. 8°. 
 Hann, J. Klima von Cuba. 
 
 {I7i Meteorologische Zeitschrift, vol. 16, Nov., 1899, pp. 505-508) 
 
 H^NNAFOED, E. Map and, history of Cuba from the latest and best authorities, 
 including a clear and graphic account of the war of 1895-1897. Mast, 
 Crowell & Kirkpatrick, Springfield, Ohio, ~1897. 32 pp., folded map. 
 32°. 
 
 War map and history of Cuba . . . also including the opening of the 
 
 American-Spanish war from the latest official and most authentic sources. 
 Mast, Crowell & Kirkpatrick, Springfield, Ohio, 1898. 64 pp., 2 fold, 
 maps. 24°. 
 
 ^Hardy, [Richardson] The history and adventures of the Cuban expedition, from 
 the first movements down to the dispersion of the army at Key West, and 
 the arrest of General Lopez, also: An account of the ten deserters at Isla 
 de Mugeres. By Lieutenant Hardy, of the Kentucky battalion. Cincin- 
 nati, L. Stratton, 1850. 94 pp. 13 J cm. 
 
 Harrison, James A. Spain in history. Introduction by G. Mercer Adam.' Revised 
 and enlarged. The Werner company. New York [1898] xxviii, 603 
 pp. plates (photogravures) maps. 8°. 
 
 Pp. 557-588, "Cuba, and war with the United States." 
 
 Havana. Arancel provisional de los derechos en las actuaciones de los relatores, 
 escribanos de camara y demas dependientes de la audiencia pretorial de la 
 fidelisima ciudad de la Habana. Habana, Imprenta del gobierno y capi- 
 tania general por S. M., 1839. 15 pp. 12°. 
 
 Ayuntamiento. Acuerdos hechos por el Ayuntamiento de la Havana, en 
 
 cumplimiento del real decreto de 14 de febrero de 1810, convocando d las 
 Americas it lasproximas Cortes nacionales. Havana, P. N. Palmer [1810] 
 4 p. 1., 18 p. 19 cm. 
 
 Caja de ahorros, descuentos y depositos. Cajadeahorros, descuentos y deposi- 
 
 tos. Alio de 1840 ti 1841! Informe del secretario sobre los trabajos del 
 primer afiio economico de la caja . . . Habana, Impr. de R. Oliva, 1841. 
 15 pp. 22 cm. 
 
 ( mth Sociedad general del credito territorial cubano. Memoria. Habana, 1861) 
 
 ' Reglamento directivo y economico de la caja de ahorros . . . creada 
 
 por la indicacion y bajo los auspicios del . . . Seilor Principe de Anglona, 
 marques de Javalquinto. Habana, Oficina del gobierno, 1840. 12 pp. 
 19^ cm. 
 
 {With Sociedad general del crodito territorial cubano. Memoria. Habana, 181)1. 
 22 cm.) 
 
 Colegio de Belen. . . . Album conmemorativo del quincuagesimo anivcr- 
 
 sario de la fundacion en la Habana del Colegio de Belen de la C-omjiania 
 de Jesus. Habana, Impr. Avisador comercial, 1904. [iii]-viii, -135 jip., ] 1., 
 pis., ports. 25 cm. 
 At head of title: I. H. S. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 355 
 
 Havana. Comision encargada del estudio paraabastecerdeaguas potables alaHabana. 
 Memoria sobre el proyecto de conduccion d, la Habana de las aguas de los 
 manantiales de Vento. Formado de orden del . . . gobernador capitan 
 general de la isla de Cuba, D. Jose Gutierrez de la Concha. Por la Comi- 
 sion encargada del estudio para abastecer de aguas potables d la Habana. 
 Redactada por el presidente de la misma coronel . . . D. Francisco de 
 Alvear y Lara. Habana, Imprenta del gobierno y capitania general por 
 S. M., 1856. 2 p. 1., X pp., 1 1., 149, 47 pp. fold, plans. 32 cm. 
 
 Compaiiia de almacenes de deposito del puerto de la Habana. Reglamento 
 
 de la Compania de almacenes de deposito del puerto de la Habana esta- 
 blecida en esta ciudad. Habana, Soler y cia., 1842. 19 pp. 20 cm. 
 
 ( With Sociedad general del cr6dito territorial cubano. Memoria. Habana, 1861. 
 '2'2 cm.) 
 
 Liceo artistico y literario de la Habana. Informe de las tareas artisticas y 
 
 literarias del Liceo de la Habana, en los trece meses corridos desde su insta- 
 l^cionhasta el 1° de noviembre de 1845: y resumen general de las cuentas 
 de gastos 6 ingresos en el mismo periodo. Habana, Impr. del gobierno, 
 1845. 35 pp. 8°. 
 
 Appended: Nomina de los socios existentes en el Liceo . . . 1845. 
 
 Nomina de los socios existentes en el Liceo artistico y literario de la 
 
 Habana el dia 1° de noviembre de 1845. Habana, Iinpr. del gobierno, 
 1845. 30 pp. 8°. 
 
 ( With its Informe de las tareas artisticas y literarias . . . Habana, 1845) 
 
 Eeal sociedad de la economica. Acto solemne de la distribucion de los pre- 
 
 mios obtenidos por la isla de Cuba en la exposicion universal de Paris. 
 Habana, Imprenta del gobierno y capitania general por S. M., 1857. 12 
 pp. 8°. . 
 
 Expedition of 1762. Rhode Island contingent. Correspondence. 
 
 {In Rhode Island historical society. Publications, new series, vol. 6, Jan., 1899, pp. 
 219-224) 
 
 Hazard, Samuel, 1834-1876. . . . Cuba with pen and pencil. By Samuel Hazard 
 . . . Hartford, Conn., Hartford publishing co.; New York, Meeks broth- 
 ers; [etc., etc.] 1871. xvi, [17] -584 pp., front., illus., pi. 8°. 
 At head of title: " m siempre fiel isla." 
 
 [Hernandez, Jacinto] Cuba por dentro. [n. p. 187-] 54 pp. 8°. 
 Bound with [Betancourt, J. R.] " Las dos banderas." 
 Caption-title. 
 
 Herrero, Migxiel Blanco. Isla de Cuba. Su situacion actual y reformas que 
 reclama. Madrid, 1876. 86, (1) pp. 8°. 
 
 ■- Politica de Espafia en ultramar. 2" ed. Madrid, Imprenta de F. G. Perez, 
 
 1890. 674 pp. 8°. 
 
 Herrings, J. Kxiba und der krieg. Eine darstellung der ereignisse wahrend des 
 spanisch-amerikanischen krieges nach eigener anschauung des verfassers, 
 sowie ein leitfaden fiir "Kuba-lustige." New York, C. Wildermann, 1899. 
 209, [1] p. illus., map. 8°. 
 
 Hespel d'Harponville, Gustave, vicomte d'. La reine des Antilles; ou, Situation 
 actuelle de I'ile de Cuba, precis topographique et statistique, histoire, 
 geographic, agriculture, commerce, administration et moeurs, par le vte 
 Gustave d' Hespel d'Harponville ... Paris, Gide et Baudry, 1850. 
 2 p. 1., ii, 494, [2] pp., fold, maps, tab. 8°. 
 
356 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Hill, Robert Thomas, 1858- Cuba. 
 
 {In National geographic magazine, vol. 9, May, 1898, pp. 193-242. Washington, 1898. 
 8°) 
 
 Cuba and Porto Eico, with the other islands of the West Indies; their 
 
 topography, dimate, flora, products, industries, cities, people, political 
 conditions, etc. New York, The Century co., 1898. xxviii, 429 pp., pL, 
 maps. 8°. 
 
 London, T. F. Unwin, 1898. xxviii, 429 pp., pL, maps. 
 
 Notes on the forest conditions of Porto Rico. Washington, Government 
 
 printing oflice, 1899. 48 pp., pis. 8°. (U. S. Dept. of agric, Div. of 
 forestry. Bulletin no. 25) 
 
 Notes on the Tertiary and later history of the Island of Cuba. 
 
 {In American Journal of science, 3rd series, vol. 48 (1894), 196-212) 
 
 Hills, Elljah Clarence. Bardos cubanos; antologia de las mejores poesias liricas 
 de Heredia, "Placido," Avellaneda, Milanes, Mendive, Luaces, y Zenea. 
 Boston, D. C. Heath y cia., 1901. iv, 162 pp. 18 J cm. 
 
 "Bibliografia:" pp. 155-159. 
 
 HoADLEY, Edgar R. His baptism of war among Spaniards and Cuban insur- 
 gents . . . London & New York, F. T. Neely [1898] vi, 5-253 pp., 
 pi. 12°. 
 
 HojAS LiTERARiAs; por Manucl Sanguily; ano 1-2; t. 1-5, marzo 31, 1893-dic. 31, 
 1894. Habana, A. del Monte [1893; M. Sanguily, 1894] 5 v. 12°. 
 vol. 4-5 paged continuously. 
 
 Howe, Julia Ward (Mrs.) A trip to Cuba. Boston, Ticknor and Fields, 1860. 
 iv, 251 pp. 12°. 
 
 A reprint of articles published in the Atlantic Monthly, May-Nov., 1859. 
 
 HuBER, B. Apergu statistique de I'ile de Cuba, precede de quelques lettres sur la 
 Havane, et suivi de tableaux synoptiques, d'une carte de I'ile, et du trace 
 des cotes depuis la Havane jusqu'a Matanzas. Par B. Huber . . . Paris, 
 P. Dufart, 1826. 331, [1] pp. fold, map, 6 fold. tab. 23 cm. 
 
 ■ ■ Considerations geographiques et statistiques sur I'ile de Cuba. 
 
 {In Societe de geographic. Bulletin, vol. 12, pp. 267-279. Paris, 1829. 8°) 
 
 Observations sur les progres de la population, <^ 1' agriculture et du commerce 
 
 de Matanzas. 
 
 {In Society de geographic. Bulletin, vol. 10, pp. 272-280. Paris, 1828. 8°) 
 
 HuLST, J[ohn] B. Het verdrukte Cuba en zijne verlossing, of De geschiedenis van 
 Cuba, vanaf zijne ontdekking tot aan zijne bevrijding van Spanje's juk, 
 alsook van den Spaansch-Amerikaanschen oorlog, op eenvoudige wijze 
 verteld aan het Nederlandsch volk. Grand Rapids, Mich., J. B. Hulst 
 [1898] 263, [1] pp. 12°. 
 
 Humboldt, Alexander, i. e. Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander, freiherr von. 
 Ensayo politico sobre la isla de Cuba, por el baron A. de Humboldt . . . 
 obra traducida al castellano por D. J. B. de V. y M. Paris, J. Renouard, 
 1827. 1 p. 1., xxxii, 361, [3] pp., map. 21 cm. 
 
 In the Paris edition of 1840, which corresponds with this, word for word, 3os6 Lopez de 
 Bustamante is given as translator. 
 
 Ensayo politico sobre la Isla de Cuba, por el baron A. de Humboldt . . . obra 
 
 traducida al castellano por D. Jose Lopez de Bustamante. Nueva ed. 
 Pan's, Lecointe y Lasserre, 1840. 2 p. 1., xxxii, 361, [3] pp., fold. map. 
 8°. 
 
 Essai i:)olitique sur I'ile de Cuba; par Alexandre de Humboldt. Avec une 
 
 carte et un supplement qui renferme des considerations sur la population, 
 la richesse territoriale et le commerce de I'archipel des Antilles et de 
 Colombia. Paris, J. Smith [etc.] 1820. 2 v. map. 8°. 
 
 Extract from " Voyage aux regions 6quinoxiales du nouveau continent," 
 
HAISTDBOOK OF CUBA. 357 
 
 Humboldt, Alexander. Des Freiherrn Alexander von Humboldt und Aime Bonp- 
 land Keise in die Aequinoctial-Gegenden des neuen Continents, fiir die 
 reifere Jugend zur belehrenden unterhaltung bearbeitet von G. A. 
 Wimmer. Mit Kupfern und charten. Wien, 1830. 4 vols. 16°. 
 Vol. 4, pp. 279-388 on Cuba. 
 
 The island of Cuba. Translated from the Spanish, with notes and prelimi- 
 
 nary essay. New York, Derby & Jackson, 1856. 397 pp. , folded map. 12°. 
 
 The travels and researches of Alexander von Humboldt; being a condensed 
 
 narrative of his journeys in the equinoctial regions of America . . . with 
 analyses of his more important investigations. By W. Macgillivray. 2d 
 ed. Edinburgh, 1832. 424 pp. 16°. 
 
 Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the new continent, 
 
 during the years 1799-1804 . . . Translated by Helen Maria Williams. 
 London, Longman, Hurst, Eees, Orme, and Brown, 1822-1829. 7vols. 8°. 
 
 "Vol. 7, pp. 1-376 contain " Political essay on the Island of Cuba," translated from the 
 following work. 
 
 Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland. 6" partie, botanique. Plantes ^quino- 
 
 xiales recueillies au Mexique dans I'ile de Cuba. Paris, 1808-1809. 2 vols, 
 pie. F«. 
 
 Voyages aux regions ^quinoxiales du nouveau continent, faft en 1799, 1800, 
 
 1801, 1802, 1803, etl804, parAl.de Humboldt et A. Bonpland; redige par 
 Alexandre de Humboldt. Avec deux atlas (Eelation historique) Paris, 
 J. Smith, 1825. 4 vols. 4°; atlas, 2 vols. F". 
 
 Vol. 3, pp. 345-483 contain Humboldt's Essai politique sur I'lle de Cuba. 
 
 HuEACAN de 1846. Kesena de sus estragos en la Isla de Cuba, y relacion ordenada de 
 las perdidas y desgracias sufridas en las poblaciones y puertos que visito, 
 el memorable df a 11 de octubre . . . Habana, Oficiua del Faro industrial, 
 . 1846. 72 pp. 16 cm. 
 
 " Escrito 6 impreso para los suscritores del Faro." 
 
 [HuELBUT, William Heney] 1827-1895. Gan-Eden: or pictures of Cuba . . . 
 [anon.] Boston, J. P. Jewett and co. ; New York, Sheldon, Lamport, 
 and Blakeman, [etc., etc.] 1854. viii pp., 2 L, 235, [1] pp. 12°. 
 Added t.-p., illus. 
 
 Ile de Cuba. Tableau de la population des villes et bourgs de cette ile en 1842. 
 {In Societe de geographie. Bulletin, vol. 20, 2^ s6rie, pp. 124-128. Paris, 1843. 8°.) 
 
 Illusteated (The) Buffalo Express. Souvenir of the war with Spain. The com- 
 plete pictorial story of naval and military operations. Buffalo, N. Y., 
 The Express, 1898. 10 pts. obi. 4°. 
 Library has v. 1, pts. 2, 3, 4, 5, 7-12. 
 
 Insua, Waldo A-. Finis. IJltimos dias de Espana en Cuba. Madrid, Impr. de 
 
 Romero, 1901. 394 pp. 8°. 
 Inteenational Bueeau of the American Republics, Washington, D. C. Import 
 
 duties of Cuba and Puerto Rico. Derechos de importacion en Cuba y 
 
 Puerto Rico . . . [Washington, Gov't print, off., 1891] v, 114 pp. 22^ 
 
 cm. {In Bulletin no. 10, July, 1891) 
 English and Spanish. 
 
 Isla de Cuba. Refutacion de varios articulos concernientes a ese pais publicados 
 en el Diario de Barcelona en los meses de junio y julio 1859, por un Cubano. 
 Paris, D'Aubussoii y Kugelmann, 1859. 2 p. 1., 56 pp. 21 cm. 
 The Island op Cuba. Magazine. Science and industry applied to civilization, 
 health and wealth in hot climates, vol. 1, nos. 1, 2, 3. Havana, The 
 Island of Cuba publishing co. [1899] 8°. 
 Publication discontinued. 
 Arthur Codezo Vin^geras, ed. 
 
858 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Jackson, Julia Newell. A winter holiday in summer lands. Chicago, A. C. 
 
 McClurg and company, 1890. (2), 221 pp. plates, woodcuts) 12°. 
 Jasme-Valcourt e Iznakdi, D. Jose G. Memoria relativa a la empresa de la carta 
 
 geografio-topografica de la Isla de Cuba. Dada ii luz en Barcelona el afio 
 
 1835. Barcelona, Viuda e Hijos de D. Antonio Brusi, marzo 1837. 
 
 56 pp. 8°. 
 Jesus Maequez, Jose de. Placido y los conspiradores de 1844 por Jose de Jesus 
 
 Marquez . . . Habana, Imp. la Constancia, 1894. 62 pp. 22J cm. 
 " Publicado en la ' Revista cubana.' " » 
 
 Jimenez de la Romera, Waldo. Cuba, Puerto-Rico y Filipinas. Barcelona, Daniel 
 Cortezo y c% 1887. 944pp. illus. pis. (photogravures.) 8°. (Espafia: 
 sua monumentos y artes — su naturaleza e historia) 
 Cuba, pp. 7-371, 905-926. 
 
 Jones, Alexander, 1802-1863. Cuba in 1851; containing authentic statistics of the 
 population, agriculture, and commerce of the island for a series of years, 
 with official and other documents in relation to the revolutionary move- 
 ments of 1850 and 1851. By Alexander Jones. New York, Stringer & 
 Townsend, 1851. vi, [7]-80 p. incl. 2 maps. 14 cm. 
 
 JucAEO, Ferro-caeril DEL. Junta directiva. Informe que presenta la Junta direc- 
 tiva del ferro-carril del Jucaro, a la general de los accionistas de esta 
 empresa, que ha de tener lugar el 3 de junio de 1841. Habana, Impr. de 
 Palmer, 1841. 11 pp. 12°. 
 
 Junta nacional de defensa de Puerto-Principe. . . . Manifiesto. [26 de 
 noviembre de 1896. Puerto Principe] Impr. "La Victoria" [1896] 1 
 sheet. 36x23 cm. 
 
 Just, Ramon. Las aspiracionesde Cuba, por D. Ramon Just . . . Paris, C. de Mour- 
 gues hermanos, 1859. 64 p. 24j cm. 
 
 Kennan, George. Campaigning in Cuba. New York, The Century co., 1899. v, 
 (3), 269 pp. 8°. 
 
 [Kenney, Edward] Report of our mission in Cuba. October, 1874— October, 1877. 
 Detroit, 1878. 15 pp. 8°. 
 
 On the work of a mission organized by the House of Bishops of the United States. 
 
 Keppel, Thomas. The life of Augustus viscount Keppel, admiral of the White, and 
 first lord of the Admiralty in 1782-3. In 2 volumes, London; Henry Col- 
 burn, 1842. portrait. 8°. 
 
 " The siege of the Havannah, 1762-3." vol. 1. pp. 339-37. 
 
 Kimball, James P. Geological relations and genesis of the specular iron ores of 
 Santiago de Cuba. In American Journal of Science. 3d ser. vol. 28. 
 Dec, 1884, pp. 416-429. 
 
 [Kimball, Richard Burleigh] Cuba and the Cubans; comprising a history of the 
 island of Cuba, its present social, political, and domestic condition; also, 
 its relation to England and the United States. By the author of ' ' Letters 
 from Cuba." With an appendix, containing important statistics and a 
 reply to Senor Saco on annexation. Translated from the Spanish [of L. 
 de Frague Calvo]. Nev\ York: Samuel Hueston, 1850. 255 pp. front, 
 maps. 12°. 
 
 [KiNGSLEY, V^ine Wright.] Spain, Cuba, and the United States. Recognition and 
 ^ the Monroe doctrine. By Americus [pseud.] . . . New York, printed 
 by C. A. Alvord, 1870. 34 p. 23 cm. 
 
 KiRCHNER, Adelaide Rosalind. A flag for Cuba. Pen sketches of a recent trip 
 across the Gulf of Mexico to the island of Cuba. Illustrated with snap- 
 shot views. New York: The Mershon company, [1897]. x, 177 pp. 
 illus. pis. map. 12°. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 859 
 
 [Laborde y Navarro, Angel] JSTueva division de la isla de Cuba, en provincias 
 marftimas, y subdivision de estas en distritos, para el mejor regimen y 
 gobierno de las matriculas de ella, cuidado y vigilancia de sus costas, calas, 
 enseadas y surgideros. Habana, J. Bolona, 1829. 1 p. 1., 24 pp. map. 
 20| cm. 
 
 Signed: Angel Laborde. 
 
 Labr.v, Rafael Maeia de. A los electores de Sdbana Grande (Puerto-Rico). Ma- 
 drid, M. G. Hernandez, 1873. 39 pp. 8°. Unbound. 
 
 La cuestion de ultramar. Discurso pronunciado en el Congreso de los dipu- 
 
 tados, 1° de julio de 1871. Madrid, Imprenta de J. Noguera, 1871. 55 
 pp. 8°. 
 
 On the war in Cuba. 
 
 La reforma electoral en las antillas espafiolas. Madrid, 1891. Imprenta y 
 
 esterreotipia. cxlvii (1), 319 pp. 16°. 
 Labea [y Cadeana], Rafael M[AEiA] de, 1841- La reforma politica de Ultramar. 
 Discursos y folletos de Rafael M. de Labra, 1868-1900. Madrid, Tip. de A. 
 Alonso, 1901. viii, 1116 pp. 21 cm. 
 
 " Obra formada por varios discursos y algunos folletos, con que solicits la atencion 
 
 publica de Espafia en el agitado periodo historico comprendido entre la gloriosa [!] 
 
 jj} r\ A» - A?evoluci6n de septiembre y los afrentosos desastres de 1898."— Pref. 
 
 Cf-<^. H U'Z^-' "contents.— Al lector— SanromA (1860-95)— La republica y las libertades de Ultramar— 
 
 ■U-^A^t^ Cu^CUltfJ La cuestion de Ultramar en 1871— La cuestion de Cuba en 1898— Los problemas de 
 
 /<; ;■ j^ Ultramar en 1898— Aspecto internacional de la cuesti6n de Cuba— El tratado de Paris 
 
 de 1898. 
 
 Lagomasino, a. Luis. La guerra de Cuba. • Cronologia historica de los sucesos m^s 
 
 culminantes, acaecidos durante la campana comenzada en 24 de febrero de 
 
 1895, con la relacion del facaso del movimiento en mayode 1893, escritaen 
 
 presencia de documentos y datos autenticos. v. 1. Veracruz, Imp. de 
 
 "Las Selvas," 1897. 1vol. illus. portraits. 12°. 
 Lamae, Jose de. Los treinta y tres; ultima empresa militar del general cubano 
 
 Domingo de Goicoun'a. Dedicada a la emigracion cubana. Key West, 
 
 Fla., Impr. "El Cubano," 1887. 47 pp. 8°. 
 Landeyra, Feancisco Rodriguez. Estudio sobre la geografia de la Isla de Cuba. 
 
 Zaragoza, "LaDerecha," 1896. 266 pp. 12°. 
 Laeeinaga, Feanz G. de. Die wirthschaftliche lage Cuba's ankniipfend an die 
 
 entwickelung der insel . . . Von Franz< G. De Larrinaga. Leipzig, 
 
 Duncker & Humblot, 1881. viii, 158 pp. 22 cm. 
 Latane, John H [olladay] . . . The diplomatic relations of the United States and 
 
 Spanish America . . . Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins press, 1900. 
 
 294 pp. 8°. (The Albert Shaw lectures on diplomatic history, 1899. ) 
 The diplomacy of the United States in regard to Cuba, pp. 89-175. 
 
 The diplomacy of the United States in regard to Cuba. 
 
 (In American Historical Association annual report, 1897, pp. 219-277. Washington, 
 
 1898.) 
 
 Latimee, Elizabeth Woemley. Spain in the nineteenth century. Chicago, 1897. 
 441 pp. portrait. 8°. 
 
 Pages 391-422 contain some observations on the Cuban question. 
 
 [Latoeee, Justo de] . Observaciones d un opiisculo sobre los asuntos de la isla de 
 Cuba y gobierno del que fue su capitdn-general Don Miguel Tacon, impreso 
 en Madrid, y firmado J. J. M. T. [Madrid, N. Sanchiz, 1838.] 8 pp. 
 19J cm. 
 
 Cation title. 
 
 Signed J. de Latorre. 
 
 Una ojeada al manifiesto que publico el escmo. Sr. D. Miguel Tacon al dejar el 
 
 mando de la isla de Cuba. Cddiz, Domingo Feros, 1838. 33 pp. 19 J cm. 
 Signed J. de Latorre. 
 
360 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 [Latoree, Manuel de.] El proconsul de la Habana y los deportados de la isla de 
 Cuba. Manifiesto al magnanimo pueblo espanol. [Cadiz, Impr. de 
 Comercio, 1836.] 15 pp. 19 J cm. 
 
 Caption title. 
 
 Signed M. de Latorre. 
 
 Lauea, Miseno de, jjseucL? Parte tercera de las revoluciones periodicas de la 
 Havana. Escribiala Miseno de Laura, con licencia de la verdad', de la 
 razon, y de la justicia. En la Havana a 4 diciembre del ano de 1795. 
 Havana, En la irapr. de la Capitania-general, 1796. 3 p. 1., 31, [8] pp. 
 20 cm. 
 
 A political pamphlet defending the official actions of Pablo Esteves, the probable 
 
 author. 
 " Yo doy fin A la historia de la tercera, y ofrezco a mis lectores continuar historiando 
 las sucesivas, y aun tambien la primera y segunda." — p. 30-31. 
 
 Lavallee, F. Memoire historique, geographique, et statistique sur File de Cuba. 
 
 (Im Society degiJographie. Bulletin, 2e serie, vol. 5, pp. 91-117, 317-353. Paris, 1836. 8°.) 
 
 Notice geographique sur I'ile de Pinos. 
 
 (Jn Soei6ti5 de geographic. Bulletin, 2e s6rie, vol. 7, pp. 166-172. Paris, 1837. 8°) 
 
 Notice pour servir a la geographie de File de Cuba. Matanzas. 
 
 (Jn Societede geographie. Bulletin, 2e siSrie, vol. 14, pp. 34-41, 77-84. Paris, 1840. 8°) 
 
 Notice statistique sur la ville de Matanzas (He de Cuba). 
 
 (J?i Society de geographic. Bulletin, 2e s6rie, vol. 6, pp. 107-109. Paris, 1836. 8°) 
 
 Notices historiques et geographiques sur les villes de Trinidad, Sancto- 
 
 Espiritu, San-Juan-de-los-Remedios et leurs juridictions. 
 
 (J»Soei6tede geographic. Bulletin, 3e s6rie, vol. 2, pp. 244-267. Paris, 1844. 8°) 
 
 Questions geologiques sur I'origine des Antilles. 
 
 {In Bulletin de la Society de g(5ographie, 3e s6rie, tome 6, pp. 366-377. Paris, 1846) 
 
 Le Fur, L. Etude sur la guerre hispano-americaine de 1898, envisagee au point de 
 
 vue du droit international public. Paris, A. Pedone, 1899. 2 p. 1., 316, 
 
 xlii pp. 24J cm. 
 Le Moyne, A[uguste] La Nouvelle-Grenade, Santiago de Cuba, la Jamaique et 
 
 I'isthme de Panama. Paris, A. Quantin, 1880. 2 v. 12°. (Voyages et 
 
 sejours dans l'Am6rique du Sud) 
 Leon, Jose Ruiz. Los filibusteros en Madrid y el apresamiento del "Virginius." 
 
 Madrid, 1874. 97 pp. 8°. 
 [L'^piNE, Ernest Louis Victor Jules] . . . Un Parisien dans les Antilles: Saint 
 
 Thomas — Puerto-Rico — La Havane: la vie de province sous les tropiques 
 
 . . . Ouvrage illustre de dessins de Riou. Paris, E. Plon, Nourrit et cie., 
 
 1883. 2 p. 1., 349 pp., pi. 12°. 
 
 Author's pseud. " Quatrelles" at head of title. 
 
 Reprinted from the Revue bleue, 3e s6rie, vol. 1 (avril 2, 9, mai 28, juin 4, 18, 1881), 
 pp. 428, 461, 688, 7.32, 782. 
 
 Leroy-Beaulieu p. De la colonisation chez les peuples modernes. Paris, Guillau- 
 min, 1874. (2), vii, 616 pp. 8°. 
 
 ■ Same. 4e edition, revue, corrigee et augmentee. Paris, Guillaumin, 1898. 
 
 (2), xix, 868 pp. 8°. 
 
 Contents.— Tie la colonisation ant6rieure au XIX= siecle: De la colonisation espagnole; 
 De la colonisation portugaise; De la colonisation hollandaise; De la colonisation 
 anglaise; De la colonisation frangaise; De la colonisation danoise et suedoise; 
 R6sume de la colonisation anterieure au XIX" si6cle; De la colonisation au XIX« 
 sificle: Las colonies d'exploitation ou de plantations; Colonies a plantations de 
 I'Angleterre; Colonies franoaises; Colonies espagnoles; Colonies hollandaises; Les 
 anciennes iles danoises et su6doises; Colonies scandinaves; Colonies allemandes; 
 La colonisation italienne; Un mode sp<5cial de colonisation anonyme; L'fitat ind(5- 
 pendant du Congo; Conditions gonorales de la colonisation dans I'Afrique tropicale 
 et <5quatoriale; L'Algerie et la colonisation franfaise au XIX'' si6cle; La Tunisie: De 
 la colonisation anglaise au XIX" .siecle; De la colonisation russe; De I'influence des 
 colonies sur les md'tropoles; Del'omigration humaine; De I'^migration descapitaux; 
 Du commerce colonial et de son utilite pour lanietropole; Del'entretien des colonies. 
 
 I 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 361 
 
 Lester, Eev. George. The pearl of the Antilles. Concerning Cuba and the Cubans. 
 By the Eev. George Lester. London, C. H. Kelly, 1898. 32 pp. illus. 
 16 cm. 
 
 Title vignette. 
 
 Letters from the Havana, during the year 1820; containing an account of the 
 present state of the island of Cuba, and observations on the slave trade. 
 London, John Miller, 1821. viii, (2), 135 pp., map. 8°. 
 
 Levy, Victor. Die Insel Cuba. 
 
 {In Deutsche Rundschau fur Geographic und Statistik, vol. 19, Oct., 1896, pp. 32-33) 
 
 • ' g^^; ^,^ie wirthschaftlichen Verhaltnisse der Insel Cuba. 
 
 j^ft^V *i Otl^^Ai- {In Deutsche Rundschau fur Geographic und Statistik, vol. 18, Aug., 1896, pp. 481-489) 
 
 ty Llorens Torres, Luis. America (estudios historicos y filologicos) . . . Coleccion 
 
 de articulos escritos y ordenados por D. Luis Llorens Torres, con una carta- 
 
 prologo de 1). Antonio Corton. Madrid, V. Su^rez; Barcelona, A. J. 
 
 Bastinos [1898] 204 pp. 21 cm. 
 
 Contents. — Las Antillas — Descripci6n de la isla de Puerto Rico — Los heroes del descubri- 
 miento — Primer viaje de Col6rf— Martin Alonso Pinz6n y el descubrimiento de 
 Puerto Rico— Nombre indiano de esta isla— Estudios fllol6gicos — Bibliografia. 
 
 Lobe, Guillaume. Cuba et lesgrandes puissances occidental es de 1' Europe ouiden- 
 tite qui existe entre les interets et 1' importance actuels et futurs de I'ile 
 de Cuba, a I'egard du nouveau monde, et en particulier des Etats-Unis de 
 I'Amerique septentrionale. Collection de brochures et de lettres adres- 
 sees a Madrid sur,ces objets vitaux. Paris, 1856. 220 pp. 8°. 
 
 LoBO, Miguel. Historia general de las antiguas colonias Hispano-Americanas desde 
 Bu descubrimiento hasta el ano mil ochocientos ocho. Madrid, Imp. de 
 Miguel Guijarro, 1875. 3 vols. 8°. 
 Havana, vol. 1, pp. 228. 
 
 Lowenstekn, Isidore. Les l&tats-Unis et la Ha vane; souvenirs d'un voyageur par 
 M. Isidore Lowenstern . . . Paris [etc.] A. Bertrand [etc.] 1842. xii, 
 372 pp. 21 cm. 
 Lopez, Ambrosio V. De la Habana a Chafarinas (Los Cubanos deportados en el 
 vapor Santiago) por Ambrosio V. Lopez. Matanzas, Impr. y libreria 
 galeria literaria, 1900. xvi, 70 pp., 1 1. front., 1 pi., ports. 22 cm. 
 At end: "Fin de la l^ parte," the part to succeed being his "De Chafarinas a, la 
 Habana." 
 
 Lopez de Velasco, Juan. Geografia y descripcion universal de las Indias, recopi- 
 lada por el cosmografo-cronista Juan Lopez de Velasco desde el ano de 
 1571 al de 1574, publicada por primera vez en el Boletin de la Sociedad 
 geografica de Madrid, con adiciones ^ ilustraciones, por Justo Zaragoza. 
 Madrid, Establecimiento tipogrd,fico de Fortanet, 1894. xiii, (3), 808 pp. 
 folded map. 8°. 
 
 Contains: Chorografia de la isla de Cuba, pp. 110-119. 
 
 LoRDf Walter Frewen. The lost possessions of England. Essays in imperial his- 
 tory. London, Richard Bentley and son, 1896. vii, (3), 326 pp. 12°. 
 " Cuba," pp. 159-168. 
 
 Lorenzo, Manuel. Manifiesto del general Don Manuel Lorenzo d la nacion espa- 
 
 nola. Cadiz, Campe, 1837. 136 pp. I85 cm. 
 LuPERON, Gregorio. Notas autobiogriificas y apuntes historicos sobre la repiiblica 
 
 dominicana desde la restauracion (x nuestros dias. Ponce, Tip. de M. 
 
 Lopez, 1896. v. 2. 8°. 
 Luz Hernandez, Dr. Jose de la. Consideraciones acerca de la topografia medica 
 
 en general, y en particular sobre las de la villa de Guanabacoae isla de 
 
 Pinos. Sesiones del 23 de diciembre de 1877, 13 y 27 de enero de 1878. — 
 
 V^ase Anales, t. xiv, psiginas 499, 519 y 529. 
 
 [Reprint, Real Academia de ciencias m^dicas, fisicas y naturales de la Habana] 27 
 r, J PP- , No imprint. / -»; / ,/ / 
 
362 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Luz, Jose de la. Informe presentado a la Real junta de fomento de agricultura 
 . . . de esta isla, 1 1 de diciembre de 1833 en el espediente sobre traslacion, 
 reforma y amplicacion de la escuela miutica en el pueblo de Regliv 
 Habana, 1834. (4), iii, (1), 151, (8) pp. 4°. 
 
 M., D. F. DE. Intereses y descuentos. Habana, Imprenta fraternal, 1843. 10, 
 (156) pp. 8°. 
 
 MacArthur, D. Foreign railways of the world, vol. i. 1894. Printed by the 
 Railway Register. 8°. 
 Pp. 92-106, "Cuban railways." 
 
 MacGregor, John. Hayti and the foreign West Indies. (Commercial tariffs . . . 
 of the several States of Europe and America . . . Part xx) 
 
 ( 7?i Great Britain . Parliament. Sessional papers. 1847. vol. 6t. London, 1817) 
 Cuba, pp. 67-118. 
 
 [Maghuca, T.] . . . Indicaciones preliminares sobre el juiciode residenoia del exmo. 
 sr. teniente general D. Miguel Tacon, exonerado "de la capitania general 
 de la isla Cuba, y electo senador por la provincia de Cadiz en las actuales 
 cortes. [Cadiz, 1839] 3 pts. in 1 v. 19J cm. 
 
 Contents. — 1. Algunas indicaciones preliminares sobre el juicio de residencia del exmo. 
 Sr. teniente general D. Miguel Tacon— 2. Otras indicaciones preliminares sobre el 
 juicio que en la ciudad de la Habana se ha abierto al escmo. sr. teniente general D. 
 Miguel Tacon — 3. Continuaci6n de las noticias preliminares o indispensables para 
 conocer la justicia 6 injusticia que haya en el resultado del juicio de residencia, 
 intentado para examinar la conducta de S. F. Don Miguel Tac6n y Rosique. 
 
 [Macias, Juan Manuel] Cuba in revolution: a statement of facts . . . London, 
 Printed by Head, Hole & co., 1871. 40, [1] p. 21 J cm. 
 
 "The undersigned, acting in the name of the Republican government of that island 
 [Cuba] presents to the public the following . . . statement." — Preface (signed by 
 Juan Manuel Macias) 
 Introduction, by F. W. Chesson, p. [5] -10. 
 
 ed. The Cuban question in the Spanish parliament. (Debate in the Cortes) 
 
 Extracts from speeches made by Seiiores Diaz Quintero, Benot, Salmeron 
 . . . and others. London, "Anglo-American times" press, 1872. 1 p. 1., 
 32 pp. 21cm. 
 
 Preface signed: Juan Manuel Macias. 
 
 McIntosh, Burr [William] The little 1 saw of Cuba . . . London and New York, 
 F. T. Neely [1899] 2 p. 1., 173 pp., illus., port. obi. 24°. (Neely's edu- 
 cational library, no. 3) 
 Mackellar, Patrick. A correct journal of the landing His Majesty's forces on the 
 island of Cuba; and of the siege and surrender of the Havannah, August 
 13,1762 . . . Published by authority. 2d ed. London printed; Boston, 
 reprinted by Green & Russell, 1762. 19 pp. 8°. 
 
 {Ill The capture of Habana in 1762 by the forces of George III . . . [Cambridge] 1898. 
 
 12°. [II] ) 
 This journal was first printed in the London Gazette, Sept. 11th and 30th, 1762; re- 
 printed in "The Gentleman's magazine," vol. 32, Sept., 1762, pp. >109-411, 0(^., 1762, 
 pp. 463-466; and in "The Field of Mars," London, 1781. 
 
 [Madan, Cristobal] Llamaniiento de la Isla de Cuba a la nacion espanola, dirigido 
 al excmo. e illmo. Sefior Don Baldomero Espartero, duque de la Victoria, 
 presidente del consejo de ministros, por un hacendado, en diciembre de 
 1854. New York [1856] iv, 230, v, (1) pp. 8°. 
 
 Examines into the character and workings of the Spanish Colonial system from a 
 
 Cuban standpoint. 
 Reviewed by A. W. Ely in Bow's Review, vol. 18 (Feb., Mar., 1855) , pp. 163-167, 305-311. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 363 
 
 Madden, Richakd Robert. The island of Cuba: its resources, progress, and pros- 
 pects considered in relation especially to the influence of its prosperity on 
 the interest of the British West India colonies. London, Partridge & 
 Oakey, 1853. xxiv, 252 pp. 12°. 
 
 A letter to W. E. Ohanning, D. D., on the subject of the abuse of the flag of 
 
 ' the United States in the island of Cuba, and the advantage taken of its 
 protection in promoting the slave trade. Boston, W. D. Ticknor, 1839 > 
 32 pp. 8°. 
 Mahan, Alfked Thayer. The interest of America in sea power, present and future. 
 Boston, 1897. vi, (4), 304 pp. 8°. 
 Treats of the naval importance of Cuba. 
 
 "Maine " disaster; pictures and a bird's-eye view of the Cuban situation. 32 pages 
 of superb illustrations. New York, Arkell publishing company, 1898. 
 32 pp. 4°. (Leslie's illustrated weekly extra, New York, April 16, 1898) 
 
 Mallad, Lucas. Descripcion de un nuevo equinodermo de la Isla de Cuba, Eucope 
 cice n. sp. pis. 
 
 (In Boletin de la Comision del mapa geologieo, vol. 7, pp. 227-256. Madrid, 1880) 
 
 Mallory, Stephen Russell. Speech on the Cuba bill, delivered in the Senate of 
 the United States February [24], 1859. Baltimore, Printed by John 
 Murphy, 1859. 32 pp. 8°. 
 
 Marburg, Theodore. Political papers. 1, The war with Spain. 2, The Venezuelan 
 dispute. Baltimore, 1898. pp. 50. 16°. 
 Reprinted from the Baltimore American. 
 
 Marigny, Bernard. Reflexions sur la politique des Etats-Unis depuis, 1784, jusqu 'il 
 I'avenement de Franklin Pierce an pouvoir, statistique de I'Espagne; sta- 
 tistique de I'ilte de Cuba, etc. Nouvelle-Orleans, De Timprimerie de de 
 J. L. Solle, 1854. 95, (1) pp. 8°. 
 
 Mark, John. Diary of my trip to America and Havana. By John Mark. Printed 
 for private circulation. [Manchester, Eng., A. Ireland & co., printers, 
 1885] vi p., 1 1., 105 pp. 18^ cm. 
 
 Marmier, Xavier. Lettres sur I'Amerique. Canada — Etats-Unis — Havane — Rio 
 de La PJaita. Paris, [1851] 2 vols. 16°. 
 
 Vol. 2, pp. 1-96, treat of Cuba, its political and social condition. 
 
 Marshall, William. Die Thierwelt Cubas. 
 
 {In Zeitschrift fiirNaturwissenschaften, vol. 71, Nov., 1898, pp. 219-236) 
 
 Martens, Edward Carl von. Ueber Cubanische Crustaceen, nach den Sammlun- 
 gen Dr. Gundlachs. [Berlin, 1872] 77-147 pp., 2 pis. 8°. 
 (Reprint from Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte) 
 
 Marti, [Jose] Cuba. Washington, Gonzalo de Quesada, 1900. (8), 261 pp. 12°. 
 
 Ismaelillo. Nueva York, Imprenta de Thompson y Moreau. 1882. 50 pp. 
 
 sq. 16°. 
 
 Martin, Emilio. La poesia lirica en Cuba (Apuntes para un libro de biografia y de 
 critica. I-'' serie. Oviedo, Imprenta de Vallina y companfa, 1882. xii, 
 110 pp. 8°. 
 
 Masse, Etienne Michel. L'ile de Cuba et la Havane, ou histoire, topographie, sta- 
 tistique, moeurs, usages, commerce et situation politique de cette colonic, 
 d'apres un journal ecrit sur les lieux. Par E. M. Masse. Paris, Lebegue, 
 1825. (2), 410 pp. 8°. 
 
 Matanzas. Memoria que presentan el Presidente y diputados secretarios de la 
 excma. diputaci6n provincial de Matanzas en la sesion inaugural del 
 primer periodo semestral del ano economico de 1881 a 1882. Matanzas, 
 Imprenta y litografia "El Nacional," 1882. sm. 4°. 
 
 Provincia de Matanzas. Excma. diputacion provincial. Seccion de fomento 
 
 y estadistica. Censo agrfcola. Fincas azucareras. Ano de 1881. Matan- 
 zas, Imp. "Aurora del Yumusi," 1883. 11 pp., 2 folded sheets. 8°. 
 
864 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Matthews, [Claude] 1845-1898. "The Cuban patriots' cause is just, the right shall 
 prevail, and in God's own time Cuba shall be free." — Governor Matthews' 
 address. Philadelphia, C. F. Simmons, printer, 1895. cover-title, 16 pp. 
 incl. front, (port.) 23 cm. 
 
 Delivered in Philadelphia, Nov. 21, 1895. 
 
 Matthews, Fkanklin. The new-born Cuba. New York and London, Harper bro- 
 . thers, 1899. xii, (2), 391 pp., pis. 8°. 
 
 "Nach dem Elend, welches durch das Zusammen wirken von spanischer Misswirt- 
 schaft und amerikaniseher Machination in den letzten Jahrzehnten auf Knba 
 geherrscht hat, und welches wahrendder letzten Erhebung seinen Gipfel erreichte, 
 war selbstverstiindlich auf der Insel reichliche Gelegenheit getaoten, zu reformieren 
 und neues Leben aus den Ruinen herauszuzaubern. In welcher Weise die betref- 
 fende Arbeit in den letzten Monaten der amerikanischen Occupation begonnen 
 v^orden ist, schildert das vorliegende Buch nun gewandt und aussprechend in Wort 
 und Bild und wir zweifeln nicht, dass die babei beteiligten Personlichkeiten das 
 Lob, das Ihnerfvon dem Verfasser gespendet wird, im Allgemeinen wohl verdienen. 
 Die Strassen von Havana durften in der Tat zur Stunde wohl viel reiner gefegt sein 
 als die von New York, und auch in dem Kampfe mit dem Gelbfleber hat man 
 wohl bereits einigermassen ermutigende Erfolge zu verzeichnen gehabt. Dass das 
 gesammte Kulturproblem, welches sich an die Perle der Antillen kniipft, damit 
 entgiiltig gelost sei, wird man aber schwerlich behaupten diirfen . Die Frage betreflts 
 der zukunftigen staatsrechtlichen Stellung Kubas berlihrt der Verfasser nurin sehr 
 behutsamer Weise, doch scheint er geneigt, ein dauerndes Abhangigkeitsverhaltniss 
 zur Union zu befiirworten." 
 
 Meld RUM, T[homas] M[illar] The Cuban campaign of the First infantry Illinois 
 
 volunteers April 25-September 9, 1898. Illustrated with a series of views 
 
 taken by . . . C.S.Wagar . . . Chicago? 1899. 2 p. 1., 2 pp., 11., 108 pi. 
 
 18^x26 cm. 
 Memoria de LOS TRABAJOS rcalizados por la seccion Puerto Rico del Partido Revo- 
 
 lucionario Cubano. 1895 a 1898. Imprenta de A. W. Howes, New York, 
 
 [1898] 250 pp., pi. 8°. 
 Memoria sobre el proyecto de un camino de hierro desde'el pueblo de Seiba-Mocha 
 
 hasta el de Bemba en la Isla de Cuba. Madrid, Imjir. de Tejado, I860'.- 
 
 23 pp., fold. map. 21^ cm. 
 
 [With Sociedad general del cr6dito territorial cubano. Memoria. Habana, 1861. 
 22 cm.] 
 Men we are proud of: a collection of steel-plate portraits of the Chief actors in our 
 
 conflict with Spain, with brief biographical sketches. Philadelphia, A. E. 
 
 Francis & E. P. Strine, 1899. 
 [Merciian, Rafael M.] La honra de Espana en Cuba. Por un Cubano. New York, 
 
 Imprenta de la Revolucion, 1871. 126, (4) pp. 16°. 
 
 Cuba, justificacion de su guerra de independencia. Bogota, Impr. La Luz, 
 
 1896. 251 pp. 8°. 
 
 See Guiteras, John, editor. Free Cuba. 
 
 Merlin, [Maria delas Mercedes (Jaruco)] comtesse de. La Havane par Madame la 
 comtesse Merlin. Paris, Librairie d'Amyot, 1844. 3 v. 8°. 
 
 " Intt^ressant tableau, sous forme de lettres, de la civilization de I'lle de Cuba." — 
 
 Larousse. 
 "Reunion d'articles qui ont paru dans le journal ' La Presse.' " — Lorenz. 
 "Ouvrage int6ressant pour connaitre les moeurs et coutumes de la soci6t6 et du 
 peuple a Cuba." 
 
 Viaje it la Habana por la condesa de Merlin, precedido de una biografia de 
 
 esta ilustre Cubana por la Seiiorita D.-'' Gertrudis Gomez de Avellaneda. 
 Madrid, Impr. de la Sociedad literaria y tipogrdfica, 1844. xvi, 109, 
 [2] pp. 22^ cm. 
 
 Translated from the French. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 865 
 
 Mestee Amabile, V. La question cubaine et le conflit hispano-am^ricain; confe- 
 rence faite a 1' Hotel des societes savantes, le 5 juin 1896, par V. Mestre 
 Amabile . . . accompagneededifferents portraits, d'unresum6 liistorique 
 et geographique de I'ile et d'une carte generale de Cuba indiquant la 
 marche de Farmee revolutionnaire. Paris [En vente chez I'auteur] 6, 
 chaussee d'Antin, 1896. 126 pp. incl. front, (port.) illus. fold. map. 
 
 1 1. of errata inserted before front. iS^ , (^e-t.'f' f-t,' i i-wv t^>u' - ".^w^itjr^.?©^^ V , (jQ, 
 Mestke, Jose Manuel. De la filosofia en la Habana. Discurso por D. J. M. Mes- 
 tre . . . Seguido de una carta inedita del pbi'O. D. Felix Varela, y un 
 articulo del dr. D. Jos6 Z. Gonzalez del Valle. Habana, Impr. "La 
 Antilla," 1862. 1 p. 1., 146, [3] pp. 12°. 
 
 "Elogio del doctor D. J. Z. Gonzalez del Valle . . . por . . . J. M. Mestre" has sepa- 
 rate t.-p. 
 
 Michel, J. Cuba aux Cubains. Paris, chez I'auteur. 18 pp. 5 pi. du Calvaire 
 de Montmartre. 8°. 
 
 MiERS, Robert W. Cuba — Pensions. Speeches ... in the House of representa- 
 tives, Dec. 9, 1897, and Jan. 29, 1898. Washington [Gov't print, off.] 
 \ 1898. 8 pp. 8°. 
 
 Military historical society op Massachusetts, Boston. Naval actions and oper- ^ 
 ations against Cuba and Porto Rico, 1593-1815. Boston, Pub. for the 
 Military historical society of Massachusetts, by E. B. Stillings & co., 1901. 
 3 p. 1., 205 pp. 24 cm. (Half-title: Papers of the Military historical 
 society of Massachusetts, vol. xi) 
 
 Contents. — Stockton, C. H. An account of some past military and naval operations 
 directed against Cuba and Puerto Rico, 1595-1762. — Goodrich, C. F. The naval side 
 of the revolutionary war. — Hollis, I. N. The Constitution at Tripoli. — Mahan, A. T. 
 The battle of Trafalgar. — Soley, J. C. The fight between the Constitution and the 
 Java. — Eaton, J. G. The Chesapeake and the Shannon. — Eaton, J. G. Perry's vic- 
 , tory on Lake Erie. — Eaton, J. G. The last exploit of Old Ironsides, or The action 
 between the Constitution and the Cyane and Levant. 
 
 MiLLSPAUGH, C. F. Plantae Utowanae. Plants collected in Bermuda, Porto Rico, 
 St. Thomas, Culebras, Santo Domingo, Jamaica, Cuba, the Caymans, 
 Cozumel, Yucatan, and the Alcran shoals. Dec. 1898 to March 1899. 
 The Antillean cruise of the yacht " Utowana." Chicago, 1900. 110 pp. 
 Map. 8°. (Field Columbian Museum. Publication 43, Botanical series, 
 vol. II, no. 1) 
 
 "Botanical collections made on a yachting trip through the West Indies." 
 
 MiTJANS, AuRELio . . . Estudio sobre el movimiento cientifico y literario de Cuba. 
 
 Obrapostuma . . . Habana, A. Alvarez y cia., 1890. xxxi, 395 pp. 12°. 
 
 MoNPORT, Manuel. Historia de la guerra de Cuba, por el licenciado Manuel Mon- 
 
 ■ fort (el abate Mendo) [t. i.] Puerto-Rico, Tip. del "Boletin mercantil," 
 i 1896- 339. portrait. 24 cm. 
 
 ■ Monge, Jose M. Poesia y prosa. Prologa de Bolet Peraza. Nueva York [1897] 
 
 xi, (3), 423, (3) pp. portrait. 8°. 
 MoNTAOs Y RoBiLLARD, Francisco. Proyecto de emancipacion de la esclavitud en la 
 
 Isla de Cuba, por el Coronel de caballerla. Madrid, 1865. 49 pp. 4°. 
 Montanus, A. De nieuwe en onbekende waereld: of beschryving van America en 
 
 't zuid-land vervaetended'oorsprongder Aucricaenen en Zuidlanders . . . 
 
 t' Amsterdam, by Jacob Meurs. 1671. plates. f°. 
 Cuba, pp. 152-157. 
 
 Monte, Enrique del. The climatology of Havana, Cuba. 
 
 In U. S. Department of Agriculture. Monthly weather review, vol, 28. Apr. 1900. 
 pp. 152-154) ^ .,U^ r .. .-, / , ' 
 
366 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Moore, Rachel Wilson. Journal kept during a tour to the West Indies and South 
 America in 1863-64. Philadelphia, 1867. 274 pp. 12°. 
 Pages 21-58 describe a stay in Havana and the neighborhood. 
 
 Morales y Morales, Vidal. Hombres del 68. Eafael Morales y Gonzalez; con- 
 tribucion al estudio de la historia de la independencia de Cuba por el Dr. 
 Vidal Morales y Morales ... con un prefacio de Enrique Jose Varona y 
 una carta del Sr. Tomas Estrada Palma . . . Habana, Impr. y papelen'a 
 de Rambla y Bouza, 1904. xiii pp., 1 1., 350 pp., 1 1. ports. 22 cm. 
 
 . . . Iniciadores y primeros mtirtires de la revolucion cubana; por el dr. 
 
 Vidal Morales y Morales . . . Prologo del dr. Nicolas Heredia. Habana, 
 Impr. Avisador comerclal, 1901. xv, 680 pp., 1 1. front, (port.) col. pi. 
 28 cm. (Contribucion -A la historia de la independencia de Cuba) 
 
 Nociones de historia de Cuba, p)or el Dr. Vidal Morales y Morales . . . adap- 
 
 tadas a la ensenanza por Carlos de la Torre y Huerta; ilustradas por Fran- 
 cisco Henares. Obra de texto aprobada por la Junta de superintendentes 
 de escuelas el 9 de abril de 1901. Habana, Libreria e imp. "La moderna 
 poesia," 1904 [i. e., 1903] 1 p. 1., iv, 256 p. front, (port.) illus. (inch 
 ports., maps) 20J cm. 
 
 Morelet, Arthur, 1809- Voyage dans I'Amerique Centrale, I'ile de Cuba, et le 
 Yucatan, par Arthur Morelet . . . Paris, Gide et J. Baudry, 1857. 2 v. 
 illus., fold. map. 24 cm. 
 
 Morris, Charles, 1833- Our island empire; a hand-book of Cuba, Porto Eico, 
 Hawaii, and the Philippine Islands, by Charles Morris . . . Philadelphia, 
 J. B. Lippincott company, 1899. xii, 7-488 pp. map. 19j cm. 
 "Cuba," pp. 1-164. 
 
 MosES, Bernard. The establishment of Spanish rule in America. An introduction 
 to the history and politics of Spanish-America. G. P. Putnam's sons. New 
 York and London, 1898. x, (2), 328 pp. 8°. 
 MoYA [y Jimenez], Francisco J[avier] de. . . . Cbnsideraciones militares sobre la 
 campana de Cuba, por D. Francisco J. De Moya . . . Madrid, Impr. del 
 Cuerpo de artilleria, 1901. 2 p. 1., 234 pp. inch tab. map. 23^ cm. 
 At head of title: Publicaciones del "Memorial de artilleria." Map: Habana y su 
 bahia (Memorial de artill. 4. serie, t. iv, I'an. 17) 
 
 Mi^LLER, Waldemar. Cuba. Seine Geschichte, wirtschaftlicheund handelspoJitische 
 Entwicklung. Berlin, Richard Schroder, 1898. 89 pp. map. 8°. 
 
 Muller y Tejeiro, Jose. Combates y capitulacion de Santiago de Cuba. Madrid, 
 Imprenta de Felipe Marques, 1898. 280 pp. pi. folded chart and map. 8°. 
 
 Battles and capitulation of Santiago de Cuba. Translated from the Spanish. 
 
 Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 165 pp. folded maps. 
 8°. (Office of naval intelligence. War notes, no. 1. Information from 
 abroad ) 
 
 MuKO, Ernesto. Tourist's guide to Havana, 1904; by Ernesto Muro . . . Havana 
 [1903] 1 p. 1., [7]-98 pp. incl. pis. front. 16 cm. 
 
 Murray, Hon. Amelia M[atilda] Letters from the United States, Cuba and Canada. 
 By the Hon. Amelia M. Murray . . . New York, G. P. Putnam & com- 
 pany, 1856. 410 pp. 191 cm. 
 
 Murray, Sir Charles Augustus. Travels in North America during the j'ears 1834, 
 1835, & 1836. Including a summer residence with the Pawnee tribe of 
 Indians, in the remote prairies of the Missouri, and a visit to Cuba and 
 the Azore islands. By the Hon. Charles Augustus Murray. London, 
 R. Bentley, 1839. 2 v. front. 22 cm. 
 
 Murray, Henry Anthony. Lands of the slave and the free: or, Cuba, the United 
 States, and Canada. London, G. Routledge & cc, 1857. xxiii, 480 pp. 
 pis. (woodcuts.) maps. 12°. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 367 
 
 MusGRAVE, George Clarke. Under three flags in Cuba. A personal account of tjie 
 Cuban insurrection and Spanish-American war. Boston, Little, Brown, 
 and companj^, 3899. xv, 365 pp. pis. portraits. 12°. 
 
 [Nason, Daniel] A journal of a tour from Boston to Savannah, thence to Havana, 
 in the island of Cuba . . . thence to New Orleans and several western 
 cities ... by a citizen of Cambridgeport. Cambridge, Printed for the 
 author, 1849. 114 pp. 16°. 
 
 [Navidad, Maximo] Vindicacion. Cuestion de Cuba por un Espafiol cubano. 
 Madrid, Impr. de N. Perez Zuloaga, 1871. 85 pp. 21 cm. 
 {Tilth [Betancourt, Jos(5 R.] Las dos banderas . . . Sevilla, 1870.) 
 
 The new empire. America as a M^orld power. Reproductions of photographs with 
 introduction and descriptive text. London, Greig & co., limited, 1898. 
 [248] pp. inch front, (port.) illus. 26 x 35J cm. 
 
 New York Cuban Junta. Facts about Cuba. Published under the authority of 
 the New York Cuban junta. New York, Sun job print, off. , 1870. 31 pp. 
 23 cm. 
 
 NiCHOLES, J. Laurens. The Cuban war. Six months a war correspondent. La 
 Hatte printing co., Atlanta, 1897. Illus. 63 pp. pis. portraits. 16°. 
 Cover- title. 
 
 NiCHOLLs, John Ashton. 1823-1859. In tnemoriam. A selection from the letters of 
 the late John Ashton Nicholls, p. r. a. s., &c. Ed. by his mother. [Man- 
 chester, Eng., Johnson & Rawson, printers] 1862. 5 p. 1., [3]-418 pp. 
 , 23 cm. 
 
 " Printed for private circulation only." 
 
 Contents. — Private letters. — Letters from the Continent. — Letters from America. 
 
 NoA, Frederic M. The pearl of the Antilles; a view of the past and a glance at the 
 future. New York, [The Knickerbocker press], 1898. xiii, (1), 84 pp. 
 16°. 
 
 Nomenclat6r comercial, agricola, industrial, artes y oficios, y directorio general 
 para, de la isla de Cuba. 1883-1884. P ser. Habana, Centro-editorial 
 deobrasilustradas de Molinasy Juli. 1883. 336, (3) pp. maps, plans. 4°. 
 
 Noeman, Benjamin Moore. Rambles by land and water, or, Notes of travel in Cuba 
 and Mexico; including a canoe voj^age up the river Panuco, and researches 
 among the ruins of Tamaulipas, etc. New York: Paine & Burgess. 1845. 
 216 pp. pi. woodcuts in the text. 12°. 
 
 Norton, Albert J. Norton's complete hand-book of Havana and Cuba, containing 
 full information for the tourist, settler, and investor; also an account of 
 the American military occupation . . . Chicago & New York, Rand, 
 McNally & co. [1900] 2 p. 1., 824 pp. front., pi., map. 12°. 
 
 [Norton, Francis L.] Cuba. [New York, 1873] cover-title, 15 pp. 23J cm. 
 Letter to Charles Sumner, dated Dee. 16, 1873. 
 
 NuEviTAS, Cuba. Ordenanzas de policfa urbana y rural del termino municipal de 
 
 Nuevitas. Puerto-Principe, Imprenta de El Fanal, 1882. 61 pp. 12°. 
 NuSez, Severo Gomez. La guerra hispano-americana; Santiago de Cuba . . . por 
 Severo Gomez Nufiez . . . Madrid, Imp. del Cuerpo de artilleria, 1901. 
 242 PI3. pi., port., maps, plans. 19 cm. 
 
 . . . The Spanish- American war. Blockades and coast defense. By Severo 
 
 Gomez Niinez . . . Translated from the Spanish . . . Washington, 
 Government printing ofBce, 1899. 120 pp. illus., maps, plan, 24^ cm. 
 (U. S. Office of naval intelligence. Information from abroad. War 
 notes, no. vi) 
 
 " This translation of Captain Nunez's book is complete except where indicated in the 
 
 first chapter." — Introd. 
 Appendices. — A. The Spanish-American war. Ships, guns and small-arms. By S. G. 
 Nunez.— B. The capitulation of Santiago de Cuba. Decree. [Tr. from El Mundo 
 naval ilustrado, Sept. 15 and Oct, 1, 1899] 
 
368 HAIs'DBOOK OR CUBA. 
 
 O., O. D. D. The history of the late expedition to Cuba, by O. D. D. O., one of the 
 I^articipants, with an appendix, containing the last speech of the cele- 
 brated orator, S. S. Prentiss, in defense of Gen. Lopez. New Orleans, 
 Printed at the job office of the Daily Delta, 1850. (2), 89 pp. 8°. 
 
 O., T. El general Martinez Campos en Cuba; resefia politico-mi litar de la ultima 
 campafia, por T. O. (Noviembre de 1876 d, junio de 1878.) Madrid, 
 Impr. de Fortanet, 1878. 176 pp. 22J cm. 
 
 Ober, Fred A. Under the Cuban flag, or the Cacique treasure. Illustrated. Bos- 
 ton, [1897] 316 pp. 8°. 
 
 Ochiltree, Thomas P. The political status of Cuba. Has the Congress of the 
 United States power to legislate for the island of Cuba: or is the power 
 to govern that island vested exclusively in the president of the United 
 States as commander-in-chief of the army and navy? [Washington, B. S. 
 Adams, 1900] 14 pp. 8°. 
 
 Official commercial directory of Cuba, Porto Eico, and the entire West Indies, 
 with Bermuda, for 1901 . . . New York, The Spanish- American directo- 
 ries co., [1901] 8°. 
 
 Added title: ' ' Directorio comercial y oficial de Cuba, Puerto Rico y las demfi,s Antillas, 
 
 inclusas las Bermudas . . ." 
 English and Spanish. 
 
 O'Gaban y Guerra, JiTAN Bernardo. Observaciones sobre la suerte de los negros 
 del Africa, considerados en su propia patria, y transplantados a, las Antillas 
 espanolas: y reclamacion contra el tratado celebrado con los Ingleses el 
 ano de 1817. Madrid, Impr. del Universal, 1821. 24 pp. 12°. 
 
 O'Hagan, Annie, and Emma B. Kaufman. Cuba at a glance. With an introduc- 
 tion by T. Estrada Palma, of the Cuban junta. New York, R. H. Bus- 
 sell, 1898. 107 (1) pp. facsimiles, folded map. 12°. 
 
 O'Kelly, James J. The Mambi-land, or. Adventures of a Herald correspondent in 
 Cuba. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & co., 1874. 359 pp. woodcut. 
 12°. 
 
 Olaneta, Jose Antonio de. Juicio de residencia del escelentisimo seiior Don Mi- 
 guel Tacon, vizconde del Bayanio, marques de la Union de Cuba . . . 
 gobernador y capitan general que fu6 de la isla de Cuba: 6 sea Coleccion 
 de varios escritos presentados por su apoderado y defensor el senor Don 
 Jose Antonio de Olaiaeta ... y dados A luz por el Comercio, con un 
 apendice que contiene las respectivas sentencias. Filadelfia, Impr. de A. 
 Walker, 1839. 201 pp. 25 cm. 
 
 Ollero, Andres F. Teatro de la guerra. Descripcion geogrdtica, historica, estadis- 
 tica, militar y maritima de las islas de Cabo- Verde, la Martinica, Puerto- 
 Rico, Cuba, Filipinas y los Estados-Unidos. [Madrid, 1898] 45, (2) pp. 
 folded majj. 8°. 
 Cover-title. 
 
 Olmsted, Marlin Edgar. The war with Spain. Stand by the President. Speech 
 
 delivered in the House of Representatives, April 27, 1898. Washington, 
 
 1898. 147 pp. 8°. 
 [O'Neal, Robert] "Serio-comic" history of Cuba; or, In troubled waters, chaff 
 
 the anchor chain, by "Brother Bill" [psetid.] New York, London, F. T. 
 
 Neely [1902] xii, 133 pp. front, (port.) pi. 19J cm. ( [Neely's choice 
 
 library, no. 2] ) 
 Opportunities in the colonies and Cuba. By Leonard Wood, William H. Taft, 
 
 Charles H. Allen, Perfecto Lacoste, M. E. Beall. New York, Lewis, 
 
 Scribner &CO., 1902. (4), 369 pp. 12°. 
 Opusculo. Cuba y Puerto-Rico. Medios de conservar estas dos Antillas en su 
 
 estado de esplendor. Por un negrofilo concienzudo. Madrid, J. Cruzado, 
 
 1866. 1 p. I., 157 pp., 1 1. 18^ cm. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 369 
 
 OsTEND MANIFESTO, Thb. 1854. New York, 1892. (American history leaflets. ) 
 
 The text of the Ostend manifesto is printed in Cluskey's political text-book, pp. 435- 
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 Otto, Eduakd. Reiseerinnerungen an Cuba, Nord- und Siidamerica, 1838-1841. 
 Von Eduard Otto. Mit zwei lithograph irten tafeln. Berlin, Naucksche 
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 Paasche, H[eemann] Im fluge durch Jamaica und Cuba; vortrag gehalten am 6. 
 februar 1900 im sitzungssaale des Reichstages . . . Stuttgart, J. G. 
 Cotta'sche buchhandlung nachfolger, 1900. 72 pp. 8°. 
 Packard, R. L. Education in Cuba, Porto Rico, and the Philippines. 
 
 {In U. S. Commissioner of education. Report 1897-98. vol. 1, pp. 909-967. Washing- 
 ton, 1899.) 
 
 Palma, Tomas Estkada. Address ... to the American public, [n. p., 1895?] 
 [4 pp.] 8°. 
 No t.-p. 
 In behalf of the Cuban insurgents. 
 
 Cuban belligerency, petition of T. E. Palma, statement of the law by H. S. 
 
 Rubens. [New York?] 1896. 70 pp. 8°. 
 Cover-title. 
 
 Palmaeio, T. Isla de Cuba; despertador patriotico, por T. Palmario. Madrid, Impr. 
 
 de T. Jordan, 1836. 21 pp. 17 cm. 
 Palmer, Truman G., comp. . . . The "deadly parallel" on Cuban tariff reduction. 
 
 Compiled by Truman G. Palmer. June 27, 1902. — Ordered to be printed. 
 
 Washington, Government printing office, 1902. 186 pp. tab. 23 cm. 
 
 ([U. S.] 57th Cong., 1st sess. Senate. Doc. no. 439) 
 Running title: Cuban tariff reduction. 
 
 . . . The ethics of the fight for Cuban reciprocity . . . Letter from Truman 
 
 G. Palmer to Hon. Henry M. Teller, member Senate committee on rela- 
 tions with Cuba. June 27, 1902. — Ordered to be printed. [Washington, 
 Government printing office, 1902] 28 pp. 23 cm. (57th Cong., 1st sess. 
 Senate. Doc. no. 434) 
 Paseo pintoresco por la Isla de Cuba. Obra astistica y literaria, en que se pintan y 
 describen los edificios, los monumentos, los campos y los costumbres de 
 este privilegiaeo suelo, publicada por los empresarios de la litografia del 
 gobierno y capitania general. Habana, Impr. de Soler y comp., 1841-42. 
 2 V. in 1. pi. obi. 24°. 
 
 Text by Antonio Bachiller y Morales and others. 
 
 Pelaez [Campomanes] , Antonio. Contestacion del general D. Antonio Pelaez d las 
 groseras columnias que contiene el manifiesto A la nacion por los volun- 
 tarios de la isla de Cuba. Madrid, C. Frontaura, 1869. 51 pp. 8°. 
 
 Peckham, Herbert E. On the bituminous deposits situated at the south and east of 
 Cdrdenas, Cuba. 
 
 {In American journal of science, vol. 162, July 1901, pp. 33-41) 
 
 Pellitero, D. Valentin. Apuntes geologicos referentes al itinerario de Sagua de 
 Tdnamo d Santa Catalina de Guantanamo en la Isla de Cuba. 
 
 {In Comision del mapa geol6gico de Eapana. Boletln, vol. 20 (ano 1893), pp. 89-98. 
 Madrid, 1895. 8°) 
 
 Apuntes geologicos referentes al itinerario de Sagua de Tiinamo a Santa 
 
 Catalina de Guantdnamo en la Isla de Cuba. Map. 
 
 {In Boletln de la Comision del mapa geol6gico de Espana. vol. 20, pp. 89-98. Madrid, 
 1895) 
 
 Pepper, Charles Melville. To-morrow in Cuba. New York and London, Harper 
 & brothers, 1899. viii, 362 pp. folded map. 8°. 
 Bibliography, pp. 350-355. 
 
 159a— 05 24 
 
370 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Pero.io, Jose del. Ensayos de politica colonial. Madrid, Imprenta de Miguel 
 Giuesta, 1885. xvi, 384 pp. 16°. 
 
 Pages 1-184 are taken up with a discussion of the political and commercial conditions 
 of Cuba. 
 
 Pekj'ina y Pibernat, Antonio. El Catnagiiey. Viajes pintorescos por el interior de 
 Cuba y por sus costas, con descripciones del pafs. Barcelona, Librerfa de 
 J. A. Bastinos, 1889. 448 pp. pis. (wood cuts) 8°. 
 Pekin, Hector. Les Etats-Unis et la doctrine de Monroe. I'aris, Arthur Rousseau, 
 1900. (2), 452 pp. 8°. 
 
 Cuba: pp. 238-360. (Hawaii: pp. 375-401. Philippines: pp. 402-123) 
 Bibliographic: pp. 437-445. 
 
 Pezuela [y Lobo], Jacobo de la, 1811-1882. Cronica de las Antillas, por Don 
 Jacobo de la Pezuela. Madrid, Rubio, Grilo y Vittun, 1871. 231, [1] p. 
 illus., ports., maps. 33j cm. (Added t.-p.: Cronica general de Espana, 
 6 sea Historia ilustrada y descriptiva de sus provin-jias . . . Obra 
 [dirigida por Don Cayetano Rosell. v. 12, pt. 1] ) 
 "Descripci6n de la isla de Cuba," pp. 1-214. 
 
 Diccionario geogriifico, estadistico, historico de la isla de Cuba, por Don 
 
 Jacobo de la Pezuela. Madrid, J. Bernat, 1863-66. 4 v. 4°. 
 
 Ensayo historico de la Isla de Cuba, por Don Jacobo de la Pezuela. Nueva 
 
 York, Impr. espafiola de R. Rafael, 1842. viii, 631 pp. 22 cm. 
 
 Diccionario geogrdfico, estadistico, historico de la isla de Cuba. Madrid, 
 
 J. Bernat, 1863-66. 4 vols. 4°. 
 
 " Sons le litre modeste de dictionnaire, c'est certainement un des meilleurs ouvragea 
 historique et geographique sur Cuba." 
 
 Historia de la isla de Cuba. Madrid, Carlos Bailly-Baillicre, 1868. 2 
 
 vols. 8°. 
 
 [I'heli's, Mrs. Almiha (Hart) Lincoln] 1793-1884. A plea for Cuba; addressed to 
 the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States, urging 
 immediate action in aid of the struggle for independence now going on in 
 that island . . . Baltimore, Press of W. K. Boyle, 1870. 15 p. 22 cm. 
 
 Piiilalethes, Demoticus, pseud. Yankee travels through the island of Cuba; or, 
 The men and government, the laws and customs of Cuba, as seen by 
 American eyes. By Demoticus Philalethes . . . New York, D. Apple- 
 ton & CO., 1856. 1 pp. 1., xii, ix, 412 p. 12°. 
 
 PiiiLippo, James MuRSELL. The United States and Cuba. London: Pewtress & co. ; 
 New York, Sheldon, Blakeman & co., 1857. xi, (1), 476 pp. 8°. 
 
 [PicHARDo, Esteban] ed. Autos acordados de la real audiencia de la Isla de Cuba. 
 Matanzas, Imprenta de la Real marina, 1834. 192 pp. 24°. 
 
 Diccionario provincial de voces cubanas. Matanzas, Impr. de la Real 
 
 marina, 1836. 273, [2] pp. 15^ cm. 
 Preface signed: Estuban Pichardo. 
 
 Geografia de la isla de Cuba. Publicase bajo los auspicios de la Real Junta 
 
 de fomento. I'-S"- parte. Habana: Tip. de D. M. Soler, 1854. 3 vols. 
 • in 1. 8°. 
 
 Lacks the fourth part. 
 
 Itinerario general de los caminos principales de la isla de Cuba. Habana, 
 
 lmj)r. de Palmer, 1828. 2 p. 1., 30 jip. 14 cm. 
 Introduction signed: E. Pichardo. 
 
 Picturesque Cuba and our navy; reproductions of photographs with graphic descrip- 
 tive text. Chicago, Belford,'Middlebrook & co., 1898. 6 pp. 119 pis. 
 2 maps. f°. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 371 
 
 PiERRA, Fidel G. Cuba: Pliysical features of Cuba, her past, present, and possible 
 future. Published by the Cuban delegation in the United States. S. 
 Figueroa, New York, 1896. (4), 51, (2) pp. Folded map. 8°. 
 
 See Guiteras, John, editor. Free Cuba. 
 
 Cuba can not pay an indemnity to Spain, n. p., 1898. Broadside. 
 
 PiLLET, Antoine. Protestatiou contre la guerre Hispano-Americaine. (Supplement 
 
 a la Revue Generale de Droit International Public, No. 1, 1898) Paris, 
 
 1898. 8°. 
 PifsA Y PeSuela, D. Ramon. Topografia medica de la isla de Cuba. Habana, Impr. 
 
 y encuadernacion del Tiempo, 1855. 321, (3) pp. 8°. 
 PiJJEYRo, Enrique. Morales Lemus y la revolucion de Cuba; estudio historico. 
 
 Nueva York, M. M. Zarzamendi, 1871. 140 pp. facsim. 19 cm. 
 ■■ — Vida y escritos de Juan Clemente Zenea por Enrique Piiieyro. Paris, Gar- 
 
 nier hermanos, 1901. ix, 298 pp. 18 cm. 
 PiNAR DEL Rio. Informe que la excma. diputacion provincial de Pinar del Rio ha 
 
 producido al gobierno civil de la provincia acerca de la inconveniencia de 
 
 modificar la actual division territorial de la isla de Cuba. Pinar del Rio, 
 
 imprenta La Constancia, 1887. 15 pp. . folded sheet. 8°. 
 
 Memoria que presentan el presidente y diputados secretarios de la excma. 
 
 diiiutacion provincial de Pinar del Rio en la Sesion inaugural del primer 
 periodo semestral del ano economico de 1887 ;i 88. Pina del Rio, Imprenta 
 "La Constancia," 1887. 14, iv pp. folded sheet. L. 8°. 
 PiRON, HiproLYTE. L'lle de Cuba — Santiago — Puerto-Principe — Matanzas et laHa- 
 vane. Ouvrage orne de gravures dessinees par L. Berton d'apres des photo- 
 graphies. Paris, E. Plon et cie, 1876. (4), 325, (1) pi>. pis. portraits. 
 12°. 
 
 Same. 2'^ edition. Paris, E. Plon, Nourit et cie., (1889), (6), 325, (1) pp. 
 
 _ pis. portraits. 12°. 
 PoEY, Andres. Tableau chronologique des tremblements de terre ressentis -X I'ile de 
 Cuba de 1551 a 1855. Paris, A. Bertrand, 1855. 42 pp. 8°. 
 " Extrait des Nouvelles aiinales des voyages, Juin, 1853." 
 
 Travaux sur la met^orologie, la physique du globe en general, et sur la clima- 
 
 tologiede File de Cuba et des Antilles . . . Versailles, Soc. m^t^orologique 
 de France, 1861. 1 p. 1., 24 pp. 8°. 
 Cover-title. 
 
 PoEY, Felipe. Geograffa f isica y politica de la isla de Cuba. Ed. 17. Habana: Viuda 
 de Barcina, 1857. 44 pp. 8°. 
 
 Same. Ed. 18. Habana: Viuda de Barcina, 1858. 44 pp. 8°. 
 
 Memorias sobre la historia natural de la isla de Cuba, accompaiiadas de 
 
 sumai'ios latinas y extractos en frances. Habana, 1851-58. 2 vols. 8°. 
 
 Repertorifi osico-natural de la isla de Cuba. Habana, abril, 1865-juin, 1868, 
 
 2 vols. pis. 8°. 
 PoRCAccHi, T. L'isole piu famose del mondo descritte da Thomaso Porcacchi da 
 Castiglione Arretino e intagliate da Girolamo Porro Padovano. 
 
 (In Venetia, Appresso Simon Galignanio & Girolamo Porro, MDLXXII. (22), 117 pp. 
 
 Plates in the text. f°) 
 Pp. 88-90 contain " Descrittione dell'isola Cvba." 
 
 Porter, Robert P. Report on the commercial and industrial condition of the island 
 of Cuba. Washington, Government printing office, 1898. 54 pp. 8°. 
 (U. S. Treasury department, document no. 2072) 
 
 Appendix to the report on the commercial and industrial condition of the 
 
 Island of Cuba. Washington, Government printing oflBce, 1899. 302 pp. 
 8°. (U. S. Treasury department, document no. 2115) 
 
 Industrial Cuba; being a study of present commercial and industrial condi- 
 
 tions, with suggestions^as to the opportunities presented in the island for 
 
872 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 American capita], enterprise, and labour. By Robert P. Porter . . . New 
 York and London, G. P. Putnam's sons, 1899. xi, 428 pp. front., pi., 
 maps. 23 cm. 
 
 PovEDA, Francisco Jose. El tiple campesino. Glosas del trobador Cubano, Don 
 Francisco Jose Poveda. Cuaderno primero. Habana, Imprenta de don 
 Lorenzo M. Fernandez de Teran, 1830. 16 pp. 12°. 
 
 Pradier-Fodere, Paul. L'Amerique Espagnole. Chronique des faits internatio- 
 naux. (Revue de Droit International et de Legislation Comparee, tome 
 XXIX, p. 659.) 
 
 Prado, Joseph Garcia. Compendio general de las contribuciones, y gastos que 
 ocasionann todos los efectos, frutos, candales, y demas, que se trafican entre 
 los reynos de Castilla y America. Deducida del real projecto de 5. de abril 
 de 1720, hasta fines del de 1761. Cadiz, M. E. de los Monteros, 1762. 
 (4), 158 pp. 8°. 
 
 Preiss, Edmund Carl, editor. Cuba unter spanischer Regierung. Landesgesetze und 
 statistische Daten der Insel. Vom koniglichen Colonial Bureau in Madrid 
 nach offiziellen Quellen Zusammengestelle und herausgegeben. Autorisirte 
 Uebersetzung. ( Vermehrt durch das Reform-Ergiinzungsgesetz von 1897, 
 eine unabhangige Politische Original-Studie und viele Randbemerkungen). 
 Von Edmund Carl Preiss, New York, 1897. 125 pp. 8°. 
 
 Prince, J[ohn] C, comp. Cuba illustrated, with the biography and portrait of 
 Christopher Columbus, containing also general information relating to 
 Havana, Matanzas, Cienfuegos, and the island of Cuba . . . together with 
 an Anglo-Spanish vocabulary, comp. by J. C. Prince. 1893-1894. 6th 
 ed. . . . New York, N. Thompson & co. [1894] viii, 260, [2] pp. illus. 
 port., fold. map. 12°. 
 
 Proyecto de un colegio en esta ciudad con el titulo de Colegio de Santiago. [San- 
 -tiago de] Cuba, Impr. de la Real sociedad economica, 1841. 26 pp. 12°. 
 
 Puente y Franco, Antonio de, y Jose Francisco Diaz. Historiadelas leyes, plebis- 
 cites y senado con suites mas notables, desde la fundacion de Roma hasta 
 Justiniano. Madrid, Imprenta de D. Vicente de Lalama, 1840. (2), 215, 
 (l)pp. 12°. 
 
 Puente y Franco was "ministro togado de la audiencia pretorial de la Habana." 
 
 Puerto Principe. Colegio de abogados de San Ignacio de Loyola. Estatutos del 
 real e ilustre colegio de abogados de San Ignacio de Loyola, establecido 
 en la siempre fiel muy noble y muy leal ciudad de Santa Maria de Puerto 
 Principe formados por la Real audiencia por disposicion del Rey Nuestro 
 Senor. Puerto Principe, ano de 1832, Imprenta de gobierno y real 
 hacienda. 33 pp. 12°. 
 
 Estatutos y reglamento del banco agricola de Puerto Principe. Habana, 
 
 Imprenta de "Los niiioa huerfanos, 1887. 51 pp. sm. 4°. 
 
 Memoria que presentan el Presidente y diputados secretaries de la excma. 
 
 diputacion provincial de Puerto Principe en la sesion inaugural de 
 segtinde periodo semestral del ano de 1887. Puerto Principe, Tipegrafia 
 "El Pueblo," 1887. sm. 4°. 
 
 Ordenanzas de pelicia urbana y rural del termino municipal. Puerto-Prin- 
 
 cipe, Imprenta de " El Fanal," 1881. 65, (1), 4 pp. sm. 4°. 
 Pujol y de Camps, Marcelo. Apuntes para el presente y porvenir de Cuba. 
 Neciones sebre las corrientes politicas de la epoca en relacion con nuestros 
 asuntes antillanos; con algunas breves consideraciones acerca de los con- 
 flictos sociales y economico-administrativos que nos aquejan, y plan ge- 
 neral de reformas . . . Por Marcelo Pujol y de Camps . . . Habana, 
 Imp. del "Avisador comercial," 1885. xix, 243 pp. 23 cm. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 373 
 
 PuJOLA Y coMPAi5iA. Guia del cementerio de la Habana, bajo la proteccion del 
 excmo. e illmo. sr. oblspo de esta diocesis Don fray Jacinto Maria Mar- 
 tinez Saez. Habana, Impr. y libreria "El Iris," 1868. 2 p. 1., 324 pp. 
 24 cm. 
 
 PusALGAS [y Guereis], Ignacio [Miguel] El sacerdote bianco; 6, La familia de 
 uno de los ultimos caciques de la isla de Cuba . . . Barcelona, Impr. de 
 Indar, 1839. 2 v. front. 16°. 
 
 Quesada, Gonzalo de. Ignticio Mora. . Imprenta "America, " S. Figueroa, editor. 
 New York, 1894. 184 pp., portraits. (Biblioteca de "Patria.") sq. 16°. 
 
 History of the war. See Guiteras, John, editor. Free Cuba. 
 
 translator. Patriotism©. Cuentos de guerra, traducidos del frances. Im- 
 
 prenta "America," S. Figueroa, editor. 1893. 212 (1) pp. Woodcuts in 
 the text. 16°. 
 
 [Quesada, Manuel de] 1830?-1886. Address of Cuba to the United States. New 
 ¥ork. Comes, Lawrence & co., printers, 1873. 1 p. 1., iv, 41 pp. 24 cm. 
 Signed: M. Quesada. 
 
 Quesada, Rafael de. Defensa del senor brigadier Don Jose Coppinger sobre la 
 entrega que hizo por capitulacion del castillo de S. Juan de Llua, de su 
 mando, a los disidentes de Megico, leida por su defensor el coronel D. 
 Rafael de Quesada, el dia 14 de marzo de 1826, en el Consejo de generates 
 celebrado en esta capital, para purificar la conducta de aquel gefe. Ha- 
 bana, Imprenta fraternal de los Diaz de Castro, 1826. 21 pp. 22 cm. 
 
 QuESADO, Antonio Mir6. Universidad de Lima. La intervencion Americana en 
 Cuba. Tesis presentada para optar el grado de Bachiller en la Facultad de 
 Ciencias Politicas y Administrativas. Lima, 1898. 8°. 
 
 La questi6n de Cuba. Paris, E. Dentu, 1859. 63 pp. 22 cm. 
 
 Question cuBAiNE. L'esclavage et latraite a Cuba. Paris, Typographic Tolmer . . . 
 . 1876. X, 30 pp. 8°. 
 
 Translated by R. E. B6tanc6s. 
 
 QuiNTANA, Sebastian Acosta. Pianos de comunicaciones de las provincias de la isla 
 de Cuba, con otros datos relatives al ramo de correos. Habana, 10 de 
 mayo de 1884. Copyright, 1884, by Jos6 Menendez & brother. 6 folded 
 maps. 5 folded sheets. 32°. 
 
 Ramos, Jose Eduaedo. Historia del uredo (1) cocivoro. — Informe de la comision 
 nombrada por la Real Academia de ciencias m^dicas, fisicas y naturales 
 de la Habana para investigar la causa de la enfermedad de los cocoteros 
 de la isla de Cuba y buscar el remedio oportuno. [no title-page] 33 pp. 
 [Real academia de ciencias medicas, fisicas y naturales de la Habana. 
 Sesi6n del 8 de enero de 1882] 
 
 Randolph, Cabman F. The law and policy of annexation. With special reference 
 
 to the Philippines, together with observations on the status of Cuba. 
 
 Longmans, Green and CO., London and Bombay, 1901. xi, (l),226pp. 8°. 
 
 Chapter V. . . . Observations on the status of Cuba. Appendix of documents: A. 
 
 Joint resolution in regard to Cuba; Declaration of war; Protocol of August 12, 1898; 
 
 Proclamation of protocol; Treaty of Paris; Act of March 21, 1899. 
 
 Some observations on the status of Cuba. 
 
 Reprinted from Yale law journal for June, 1900. 12 pp. 8°. 
 
 Rawson, James. Cuba. Edited by D. P. Kidder. New York, Lane & Tippett, 
 
 1847. 70 pp. front., illus. 16°. 
 Rea, Geoege Beonson. Facts and fakes about Cuba. A review of the various 
 
 stories circulated in the United States concerning the present insurrection. 
 
 By George Bronson Rea (field correspondent of "New York Herald"). 
 
 Illustrated by William de La M. Cary. New York, George Munro's sons 
 
 [1897] 336 pp. pis. 12°. 
 
374 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Real universidad de la Habana. Oracion inaugural pronunciada en la solemne 
 apertiira del eurso academico de 1890 d 1891 y memoria anuario del de 
 1888 a 1889 que se publican con arreglo al articulo 106 del reglamento 
 universitario. Habana, Imprenta del gobierno y capitania general por 
 S. M., 1890. f°. 
 
 The inaugural discourse was by Juan Vilar6 y Diaz. 
 
 — Same. 1894 a 1895. Habana, 1894. f°. 
 
 The discourse was delivered by Juan Francisco Albear y Saint-Just. 
 
 Reclus, Jean Jacques Elisee. The earth and its inhabitants. By Elis^e Reclus. 
 Edited by A. H. Keane. London, [ ] 
 
 Vol. 17, pp. 351-381 are devoted to an account of Cuba, its physical features, rivers, 
 reefs and cays, climate, flora, fauna, inhabitants, topography, and economic 
 condition. 
 
 Replectiones de un Habanero sobre la independencia de esta isla. 2. ed. Cor. y 
 aumentada por su autor. Habana, Arazoza y Soler, 1823. 2 p. 1., 37 pp. 
 19 cm. 
 
 Signed "Un Habanero." 
 
 Reputacion al papel anonimo titulado : Estado actual de la isla de Cuba, y medios 
 
 que han de adoptarse para fomentar su prosperidad con utilidad de la 
 
 madre patria. Madrid, L. Amarita, 18.S8. 103 pp., tab. 20^- cm. 
 Regnault, Elias. Histoire des Antilles et des colonies frangaises, espagnoles, anglai- 
 
 ses, danoises et suedoises. Saint-Domingue, Cuba et Porto-Rico . . . 
 
 Paris, Firmin Didot freres, 1849. (2), 160 pp. 8°. (L'Univers, vol. 26) 
 Reparaz, G[onzalo] La guerra de Cuba. Estudio militar, por G. Reparaz . . . 
 
 Madrid, La Espafia editorial, 1896. 216, [1] p. 22 cm. 
 La Republica Cubana. Aiio 1-2; enero 1896-sept. 30, 1897. Paris, 1896-97. 2 vols. 
 
 in 1. f°. 
 Revista de Cuba. Periodico mensual de ciencias, derecho, literatura y bellas artes 
 
 . . . Director: Dr. Jose Antonio Cortina. Habana, 1877-84. 16 vols. 8°. 
 Revista de la Habana. 1. 1-6, 2. ser. t. 1-4; marzo 1853-setiembre 1857. Habana, 
 
 Impr. del Tiempo, 1853-57. 9 v. illus., pi., port. f°. and 8°. 
 Editors: R. M. de Mendive and J. de J. Q. Garcia. 
 Reynoso, Alvaro. Notas acerca del cultivo en Camellones. Agricultiira de los 
 
 indigenas de Cuba y Haiti. Paris, Ernesto Leroux, 1881. (6), 111 pp. 8°. 
 RicAPORT, Mariano, and others. Reglamento de la real casa de maternidad, dis- 
 
 puesto por su junta de gobierno . . . Habana, Oficina de D. Jos^ 
 
 Bolona, ano 1833. (2), 66 pp. 12°. 
 RiES, Julius. Schilderungen des triebens im leben und hand el in den Vereinigten 
 
 Staaten und Havana, gesammelt auf reisen in den jahren 1838 und 1839. 
 
 Von Julius Ries. Berlin, Auf kosten und im selbstverlage des verfassers 
 
 1840. X, 236, [2] pp. 20^ cm. 
 Ripley, Eliza McHatton- From flag to flag; a woman's adventures and experi- 
 ences in the South during the war, in Mexico, and in Cuba, by Eliza Mc- 
 
 Hatton-Ripley . . . New York, D. Appleton and co., 1889 [1888] 296pp. 
 
 18J cm. 
 Robertson, James. A few months in America; containing remarks on some of the 
 
 industrial and commercial interests. London, [1855] vii, 230 pp. 12°. 
 Pages 91-101 contain " Cuba; its annexation a gain or loss to the United States." 
 
 Robinson, Albert G[ardner] 1855- Cuba and the intervention, by Albert G. Rob- 
 inson. New York, London [etc.] Longmans, Green and eo., 1905. 5 
 p. 1., 359 pp. 2in-m. 
 
 . . . Facts and figures on the Cuban situation. Prepared at the request of 
 
 the Cu))an Planters' Association by Albert G. Robinson, Washington, 
 January, 1902. [Washington, Press of Byron S. Adams, 1902] 27 pp. 
 12°. 
 
 Cover-title. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CFBA. 375 
 
 RocHAS, V[ictor] de. Cuba under Spanish rule. By Dr. V. de Roches[!] (From 
 the "Revue contemporaine. " ) New York, Great American engraving 
 and printing company [1869?] 57 pp. 23 cm. 
 
 {In Cuban committee in London. The revolution in Cuba. [London, 1896?] 24 cm. 
 
 pp. [65] -109) 
 First published in the Revue contemporaine, v. 105-106, 1869, and issued ^leparately in 
 
 English, New York [1869] 
 
 Rodriguez, Jose Ignacio. Vida de Don Jose de la Luz y Caballero, por Jose Igna- 
 cio Rodriguez. Nueva York, Impr. de "El ]\'Iundo nuevo — La America 
 ilustrada," 1874. xii, 327 pp. front, (port.) 12°. 
 
 Vida del presbitero Don F61ix Varela (savant philosophe Cubain) Nueva 
 
 York, Imprenta de "O Novo mundo," 1878. xviii, 448 pp. port. 
 
 facsimile. 8°. 
 Rodriguez de Tio, Lola. Claros y nieblas. Poesiae. Con un prologo del porte 
 
 Carlos Penaranda, y un juicio del Don Cecilio Acosta. Mayaguez, Tipo- 
 
 grafia comercial. Marina, 1885. xxix, (2), 333 pp. port. 12°. 
 Rodriguez Ferrer, Miguel. De los terricolas cubanos con anterioridad A los que 
 
 allf encontro Colon, segun puede inferirse de las antigiiedades encontradas 
 
 en esta isla. 
 
 {In Congreso internacional de Americanistas, Actas de la cuarta reunion. Madrid, 
 1881. vol. 1. pp. 224-261. Madrid, 1882. 8°) 
 
 La isla de Cuba estuvo unida un dfa al continente americano. 
 
 (/?i Congreso internacional de Americanistas, Actas de la cuarta reuni6n. Madrid. 
 1881. vol. 1. pp. 95-113. Madrid, 1882. 8°) 
 
 Naturaleza y civilizaciqn de la grandiosa isla de Cuba, 6 Estudios variados 
 
 y cientificos, al alcance de todos, y otros historico, estadisticos y politicos 
 . . . Por el Ilmo. Seilor D. Miguel Rodriguez-Ferrer . . . Madrid, Impr. 
 de J; Noguera, 1876-87. 2 v. 25J cm. 
 
 Contents. — 1, Naturaleza. Pro cede A e6sta, una introduccion sobre las colonias en ge- 
 neral y nuestras provincias ultramarinas en particular. 2, Civilizaci6n. En esta 
 parte se contiene el curso que ha venido teniendo la de esta isla desde su des- 
 cubrimiento y colonizacion hasta nuestros dlas, con curiosas notas e interesantes 
 documentos. 
 
 Los nuevos peligros de Cuba entre sus cinco crisis actuales, por D. Miguel 
 
 Rodriguez Ferrer . . . Madrid, Impr. de M. Galiano, 1862, 197 pp. 
 
 17 J cm. 
 Rodriguez Landeyra, Francisco. Estudio sobre la geografia de la isla de Cuba;. 
 
 por Francisco Rodriguez Landeyra . . . Zaragoza, Establecimiento tipo- 
 
 grMcQ de "La Derecha," 1896. 266 pp. 20 cm. 
 Rodriguez San Pedro, Joaquin, and others. Legislacion ultramarina. Concordada 
 
 y anotada por Joaquin Rodriguez San Pedro . . . con la colaboracion de 
 
 Antonio Fernandez Chorot, Eduardo y Arturo Piera y Manuel Gonzdiez 
 
 Junguitu. Madrid, Imprenta de los Sefiores Viota, Cubas y Vicente, 
 
 (etc. ), 1865-1869, 16 vols, large 8°. 
 [Rogers, Carlton H.] Incidents of travel in the southern states and Cuba. With 
 
 a description of the Mammoth cave . . . New York, R. Craighead, 1862. 
 
 320 pp. 12°. 
 
 Preface signed C. H. R. 
 
 Rosain, Domingo. Necropolis de la Habana. Historia de los cementerios de esta 
 
 ciudad con multitud de noticias interesantes. Habana, Imprenta "El 
 
 Trabajo," 1875. 543, xiii, (1) pp. 8°. 
 Rosal [y Vazquez de Mondragon], Antonio del. Los mambises. Memorias de 
 
 un prisionero, por el capitan de infanteria Don Antonio del Rosal. Madrid, 
 
 Impr. de Pedro Abienzo, 1874. 44 pp. 8°. 
 
376 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 RosEMOND DE Beauvallon, J[ean] B[aptiste] L'lle de Cuba, par J.-B. Rosemond 
 de Beauvallon. Premiere partie. Voyage h la Ha vane, sur les cotes, dans 
 I'interieur, a Santiago. Societe. — Moeurs. — Paysages. — Episodes. Paris, 
 Dauvi'n et Fontaine [etc.], 1844. xii p., 11., 470 pp. 21 cm. 
 No more published. 
 Round Island expedition. Defence of the navy. Mobile, Printed at the job office 
 of the Daily advertiser, 1849. 8 pp. 8°. 
 
 Two articles published in the Mobile advertiser of Sept. 18 and 19, 1849. Signed 
 "Truth." 
 
 RouTiER, Gaston. L'Espagne en 1897. Paris, 1897. Le Soudier. 
 
 "Devotes a large part of the book to Cuba and President McKinley's message." 
 
 [Rovira, Carlos A.] El coronel Ordonez y Cuba en 1851; reflexiones que someten 
 a la consideracion de las Cortes del reino y de todos los Espanoles resi- 
 dentes en ambos hemisferios, dos Cubanos. Paris, Garnier hermanos, 
 1867. 50 pp. 21 cm. 
 
 Signed C. A. Rovira and C. Echevarne. 
 
 Rowan, Andrew Summers, and Marathon Montrose Ramsey. The Island of Cuba. 
 A descriptive and historical account of the Great Antilla. New York, 
 Henry Holt and company, 1896. x, 279 pp. 2 folded maps. 16°. 
 
 Bibliography, pp. 261-273. 
 
 RuBio, Juan [director de la Escuela del Real Sitio de San Ildefonso] Consejos 
 dirigidos d los maestros de primeras letras. Habana, Imp. del Gobierno, 
 1832. 37 pp. 24°. 
 
 [Reimpresos por disposici6n de la Real Sociedad Econdmica de amigos de este pais.] 
 
 Russel, Robert. North America: its agriculture and climate. Containing observa- 
 tions on the agriculture and climate of Canada, the United States, and the 
 island of Cuba. Edinburgh; Adam and Charles Black, 1857. (6), 390 pp. 
 plates, folded maps. 8°. 
 Cuba: pp. 204-242. 
 
 Sabanilla, Ferro-carril de la. Junta directiva. Esposicion de los trabajos de la 
 Junta directiva del ferro-carril de la Sabanilla. [Matanzas, 1842] vi pp. 
 12°. 
 
 No t.-p. 
 
 Saco, Jose Antonio, 1800?-1879. Coleccion de papeles cientificos, historicos, politicos 
 y de otros ramos sobre la isla de Cuba, ya publicados, ya ineditos, por Don 
 Jose Antonio Saco . . . Paris, Impr.de d'Aubussonylvugelmann, 1858-59. 
 3 v. in 2. diagr. 22 cm. 
 
 . Coleccion postuma de papeles cientificos, historicos, politicos y de otros 
 
 ramos, sobre la isla de Cuba, ya publicados, ya inMitos. Habana, Miguel 
 de Villa, 1881. 489, (2) pp. 8°. 
 
 Contains: Conformidad entre las institueiones de las provincias hispano-americanas y 
 su metr6poli en los tiempos pasados, y contraste en el presente; Refutaci6n de los 
 argumentos con que se pretende defender en Cuba el actual riSgimen absoluto; Venta 
 de los bienes de las ordenes religiosas suprimidas en Cuba; inversi6n de una parte 
 del producto de ellos A favor de la misma Isla; Estado de las calles de la Habana; 
 Hay en Cuba patriotismo?; Una revelaci6n al publico cubano 6 sea rectificaci6n de 
 uno de mis escritos; La estadistica criminal de Cuba en 1862; Fiestas con que la 
 Habana ha celebrado en los dias 15, 16 y 17 de mayo de 1864 el adoquinado de la 
 Calzada del Monte, hoy llamada calledel Principe Alfonso; El actual Emperadorde 
 M6jico y el Conde de Aranda; Los chinos en Cuba; La politica absolutista en las 
 provincias ultramarinas; Introduccion de colonos africanos en Cuba y sus incon- 
 venientes; Cuba es la que debe imponerse sus contribuciones, dirigiiindolas 6 invirti- 
 6udolas en .sus proprias necesidades; La esclavitud politica a que las provincias de 
 Ultramar fueron condenadas en 1837 fuii un acto anticonstituoional y nulo; Voto 
 particular en la Junta de Informacion sobre reformas en Cuba y Puerto-Rico . . .; 
 Fragmentos inijditos sobre la refutaci6n de las obj'eciones hechas al Voto particular; 
 La esclavitud en Cuba y la revoluci6n de Espana; Carta al Seiior D. Miguel Almagro. 
 
SAIfDBOOK OF CUBA. 87V 
 
 Saco, Jose Antonio, 1800?-1879. L'esclavage a Cuba et la revolution d'Eapagne; 
 Traduction et preface de Montluc (Leon Pierre Adrian de) . 2" Edition. 
 Paris, E. Dentu, 1869. 23 pp. 8°. 
 
 Examen analitico del informe de la comision especial nombrada por las 
 
 cortes, sobre la esclusion de los actuales y futures diputados de ultramar, 
 y sobre la necesidad de regir aquellos paises por leyes especiales. Su 
 autor Don Jos6 Antonio Saco . . . Madrid, T. Jordan, 1837. 32 pp. 
 19J cm. 
 
 Examen analitico del informe de la comision especial nombrada por las 
 
 cortes, sobre la esclusion de los actuales y futuros diputados de ultramar, 
 y sobre la necesidad de regir aquellos paises por leyes especiales. Madrid, 
 Oflcina de Thomas Jordan, 1837. 
 
 (In Ms Obras. vol. 1. pp. 105-137. N. Y. 1853.) 
 
 Folletos escritos por Don Jos6 Antonio Saco, contra la anexion de la isla de 
 
 Cuba & los Estados Unidos de America; tomo linico. Nueva York, 
 
 E. Lockwood e hijo, 1856. 1 p. 1., [7]-233 p. 19 cm. 
 
 , Contents. — Ideas sobre la incorporaei6n de Cuba en los Estados-Unidos. — Replica . . . 
 
 d, los anexionistas que ban impugnado sus ideas sobre la lncorporaei6n de Cuba 
 
 en los Estados-Unidos. — Las situacion politica de Cuba y su remedio. — Cuesti6n de 
 
 Cuba. 
 
 Historia de la esclavitud desde los tiempos mds remotos hasta nuestros dias 
 
 . . . Paris, Lahure, 1875-77. 3 v. 8°. 
 
 Ideas sobre la incorporacion de Cuba en los Estados-Unidos. (Paris, 1848.) 
 
 {In Ms Obras. vol. 2, pp. 7-29. N. Y. (1853.) 
 
 Justa defensa de la Academia cubana de literatura contra los violentos ata- 
 
 ques que se le ban dado en el Diario de la Habana, desde el 12 hasta el 23 
 de abril del presente ano, escrita por Don Jos6 Antonio Saco, y publicada 
 por un amigo de la Academia. New-Orleans, Impresa por St. Romes, 
 ■ 1834. 30 pp. 19J cm. 
 
 Justa defensa de la Academia Cubana de literatura contra los violentos ataques 
 
 que se le han dado en el Diario de la Habana, desde el 12 hasta el 23 de 
 abril del presente ano . . . publicada por un amigo de la Academia. 
 New-Orleans, Impresa por Mr. St. Romes. Oficina de el Courier, ailo de 
 1834. 
 
 (Im Am Obras. vol.1, pp. 43-73. N. Y. 1853.) 
 
 Memoria sobre caminos, en la isla de Cuba. Por Don Jos6 Antonio Saco. 
 
 Nueva- York, Impr. por G. F. Bunce, 1830. 1 p. 1., iv, [5]-96 p. pi. fold, 
 tab. 21 cm. 
 
 Memoria sobre caminos en la isla de Cuba. N. Y., G. F. Bunce, 1830. 
 
 {In Ms Obras. vol. 2. pp. 257-347. N. Y. 1853.) 
 
 Memoria sobre la vagancia en la isla de Cuba . . . premiada por la real 
 
 sociedad patriotica de la Habana en diciembre de 1831. 
 
 (Jn Ms Obras. vol.1, pp. 7-42. N. Y. 1853.) 
 
 Mi primera pregunta. ^La abolicion del comercio de esclavos africanos 
 
 arruinard 6 atrasard la agricultura cubana? . . . Madrid, M. Calero, 1837. 
 39 pp. 12°. 
 
 Mi primera pregunta. ^La abolicion del comercio de esclavos africanos 
 
 arruinarii 6 atrasard la agricultura cubana? . . . Madrid: Imp. Marcelino 
 Calero, 1837. 
 
 (Jm Ms Obras. vol.1, pp. 75-104. N. Y. 1853.) 
 
 Obras de Don Jos6 Antonio Saco. Compiladas por primera vez y publicadas 
 
 en dos tomos, por un paisano del autor . . . Nueva- York, Libreria ameri- 
 cana y estrangera de R. Lockwood e hijo [°1853] 2 v. 19J cm. 
 
 Paralelo entre la isla de Cuba y algunas colonias inglesas. Madrid, oficina 
 
 de Don Thomas Jordan, 1837. 
 
 (Jm Ms Obras. vol.1, pp. 147-170. N. Y. 1853.) 
 
378 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Saco, Jose Antonio, 1800?-1879. Protesta de los disputados electos por la isla de 
 Cuba it las cortes generales de la nacion. Madrid, Imp. del ' ' Mundo, ' ' 1837. 
 (In his Ohms, vol.1, pp. 139-141. N. Y. 1853.) 
 
 Reclamaciones del disputado a cortes por la provincia de Cuba sobre la 
 
 aprobacion 6 desaprobacion de sus poderes. Madrid, Imp. D. E. F. de 
 Angulo, 1837. 
 
 {In his Ohms, vol.1, pp. 142-145. N. Y. 1853.) 
 
 Replica de Don Jose Antonio Saco a la contestacion del Seiior Fiscal . . . 
 
 Don Vicente Vasquez Queipo, en el examen del informe sobre el fomento 
 de la poblacion blanca, etc., en la isla de Cuba. Madrid, Imp. de "la 
 Publicidad," d cargo de M. Rivadeneyra, 1847. 
 (In his OhreiS. vol.1, pp. 247-341. N. Y. 1853.) 
 
 R6plica de Don Jose Antonio Saco a los anexionis tas que ban impugnado 
 
 sus ideas sobre la incorporacion de Cuba en los Estados-Unidos. Madrid, 
 imp. de la compaiiia de impresores y libreros de Reino, 1850. 
 {In his Ohms, vol.2, pp. 31-148. N. Y. 1853.) 
 
 La situacion politica de Cuba y su remedio. Paris, Imp. de E. Thunot y 
 
 Compafifa, 1851. 
 
 (Jft/iisOtaras. vol.2, pp. 149-233. N. Y. 1853.) 
 
 La supresion del trdtico de esclavos africanos en la isla de Cuba, examinada 
 
 ■ con relacion d, su agricultura y d su seguridad . . . Paris, Impr. de Panc- 
 koucke, 1845. 70 pp., 1 1. 8°. 
 
 La supresion del trdfico de esclavos Africanos en la isla de Cuba; examinada 
 
 con relacion d su agricultura y d su seguridad. Paris, imp. De Panckoucke, 
 1845. 
 
 (iw his Obras. vol. 1, pp. 171-232. N. Y. 1853.) 
 
 Tablas necrolojicas del colera-morbus en la ciudad de la Habana . . . for- 
 
 madas d escitacion del . . . conde de Velanueva por D. Ramon de la 
 Sagra. Habana, imp. del Gobierno . . . 1833. 
 {In his Obras. vol. 2, pp. 235-256. N. Y. 1853.) 
 
 Sagea, Ramon de la. Cuba en 1860, 6 sea cuadro de sus adelantos en la poblacion, 
 la agricultura, el comercio y las rentas publicas, suiDlemento d la primera 
 parte de la Historia politica y natural de la isla de Cuba, por D. Ramon 
 de la Sagra. Ed. aumentada con el censo de la poblaci6n en 1861. Paris, 
 L. Hachette y ca., 1863. 2 p. 1., 282 pp. 40^- cm. 
 
 Historia economico-politica y estadistica de la isla de Cuba; 6 sea de sus 
 
 progresos en la poblacion, la agricultura, el comercio y las rentas. Por 
 Don Ramon de la Sagra . . . Habana, Impr. de las viudas de Arazoza y 
 Soler, 1831. 2 p. 1., xiii, [3], 386 p., 1 1. incl. tab. 23J cm. 
 Includes the census for 1774, 1792, 1817, and 1827. 
 
 Historia ffsica, economico-politica, intelectual y moral de la isla de Cuba por 
 
 D. Ramon de la Sagra. Nueva ed. considerablemente aumentada. Rela- 
 cion del ultimo viaje del autor. Paris, L. Hachette y ca., 1861. 2 p. 1., 
 250 pp., 1 1. 21 cm. 
 
 Historia fisica, polftica y natural de la isla de Cuba. Paris, Arthur Bertrand, 
 
 1842-56. 12 vols, plates, maps. i°. 
 
 Contents. — Historia fisica y politica por Ramon de la Sagra. Paris, 1842-43. 2 vols, 
 maps. 
 
 Vol.1: Introduccion, Ixxix pp.; Geografla, 76 pp.; Clima, pp. 77-123; Ap6ndice A la 
 parte mineralogica, pp. 124-140; Poblacion (census of 1774, 1792, 1817, 1827), pp. 141- 
 224; Agricultura 6 industria rural, pp. 225-300. Paris, 1842. Ixxix, 302 pp. 
 
 Vol. 2: Comercio maritime, pp. 1-88; Rentas y gastos, pp. 89-128; Puerza armada ter- 
 re.stre y maritima, pp. 129-135; Apendice: Extractos . . . de los documentos del 
 Archive de Sevilla, concernientes a la America espaiiola. 72 pp. (An^lisis del censo 
 de la poblacion . . . en 1841, pp. 65-72.) Atlas geografico, 2 pp. 12 maps. Paris, 
 1842: (4), 2, 135; 72, 2; (2), 2 pp. 12 maps. f°. 
 
HAJSTDBOOK OF CUBA. 379 
 
 "Vol. 3: Mamiferos y Aves. Mamlferos [por Ramon de la Sagra] Paris, 1845. (2), 39 
 pp. Aves por Alcides d'Orbigny. . Paris, 1839. 220 pp. 
 
 Independent title-pages. 
 
 Vol.4: Reptiles y peoes. [Reptiles por Cocteau y Bibron [pp. 1-10 (introduccion); 
 11-143, parte descriptiva] ; Peces por A. Guichenot. [pp. 145-255.] Paris, 1843. (2) 
 255 pp. 
 
 Vol. 5: Moluscos por Alcides d'Orbigny. 
 
 Vol.6: Fosiles, Foraminiferas, [por Alcides d'Orbigny.] Paris, 1855. (2), 33-180 pp. 
 
 Vol. 7: [Animales articulados con pi6s articulados.] Crustaceos, aragnides 6 insectos 
 [por P. E. Gu6rin-M6neville.] Crustaceos, pp. v-xxxii. insectos pp. 1-371. Paris, 
 1856. (2) xxxii, 371 pp. 
 
 Vol. 8: Atlas de Zoologia. 
 
 Vols. 9-11: Botdnica. Vol. 9: Criptogamia 6 plantas celulares, per Camilo Montagne; 
 Paris, 1845. (4), 64, 316 pp. Contains the following introductory articles: Flora 
 cubana, introduccion per Ramon de la Sagra. pp. 1^; Exposicion sucincta del 
 resultado de las . . . observaciones concernientes & la vegetacion cubana ... no 
 comprendidas en la parte descriptiva de ellas, pp. 6-64; (Calendario de flora para la 
 isla de Cuba, pp. 10-14; Epitome de la flora Cubana, fanerogamia, pp. 31-45; cripto- 
 gamia, pp. 46-49) por Ramon de la Sagra. Vols. 10, 11: Fanerogamia 6 plantas 
 vasculares, por A. Richard. Paris, 1845-50. 2 vols. 
 
 Vol. 12: Atlas de bot^nica. Paris, 1865. (4) pp. 109. plates. f°. 
 
 Sagka, Ramon de la. Histoire physique, politique et naturelle de I'lsle de Cuba. 
 
 Botanique, plantes cellulaires. Par Camille Montagne. Paris, A. Bert]:and, 
 
 1838-42. (4), X, 549 pp. 8° 
 
 Botaniqne, plantes vasculaires de I'ile de Cuba, par A. Richard. 
 
 Foraminiferes, par Alcide d'Orbigny. Paris, A. Bertrand, 1839. Text, xlviii, 
 
 224 pp. 8°. atlas. f°. 
 
 Histoire physique et politique de I'ile de Cuba, par Ramon de la Sagra, 
 
 traduite par M. Berthelot. Paris, A. Bertrand. 
 
 Mammiferes, j^ar Ramon de La Sagra, par de Berthelot. Paris, A. Bertrand, 
 
 1840. (6), xlv, (1), 18 pp. atlas. f°. 
 
 Qrnithologie, par Alcide d'Orbigny. Paris, A. Bertrand, 1839. xxxi, (1), 
 
 386 pp. 8°. atlas. f°. 
 
 The volumes on "Mammiferes" and " Ornithologie " are bound together, forming 
 one volume of letter-press and one volume of plates. 
 
 Mollusques, par Alcide d'Orbigny. Paris, A. Bertrand, 1853. 2 vols. 8°. 
 
 Poissons, par A. Guichenot. Paris, A. Bertrand, 1853. (2), 206, (1) pp. 8°. 
 
 Reptiles, par MM. Cocteau et Bibron. Paris, A. Bertrand. 
 
 Relacion de los trabajos fisicos y meteorologicos hechos por Don Andres 
 
 Poey, tanto en la Habana como en Europa destinada para servir de 
 introducci6n A lasfuturas tareas del Observatorio meteorologico de aquella 
 ciudad . . . Paris, E. Thunot y comp., 1858. 1 p. 1., 40 pp. 8°. S. 
 Cover-title. 
 
 Saint- Vel, 0[ctave] Traite des maladies des regions intertropicales . . . Paris, 
 A. Delahaye, 1868. xi, 512 pp. 8°. 
 
 Salles, Antonio. Poetas Cubanos. 
 
 {In Revista Brazileira, vol. 14, June, 1893, pp. 301-326.) 
 
 Salterain, p. Ligera reseiia de los temblores de tierra ocurridos en la Isla de Cuba. 
 {In Comision del mapa geologico de Espafia. Boletin, vol. 10, pp. 371-385. Madrid, 
 1883. 8°. 
 
 Santacilia, Pedro, 1829- Lecciones orales sobre la historia de Cuba, pronunciadas 
 en el Ateneo democrdtico cubano de Nueva York, por Pedro Santacilia. 
 Nueva-Orleans, impr. de L. E. del Cristo, 1859. xi, 220 p. 21J cm. 
 Santiago, and the freeing of Spanish America, 1741 . . . [New York, 1899] cover- 
 title, 323-328 pp. 27 cm. 
 
 Reprinted from the American historical review, v. 4, no. 2, Jan., 1899. 
 Contents. — I, [Minutes of an English] council of war at Santiago de la Vega, Jamaica, 
 >^^ > y, May 26, 1741.— II, Some thoughts relating to oyr conquests in America, June 6, 1741. - ^ j 
 
380 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Santo Angel Custodio parish, Havana. Esposicion de la fiesta de gracias al arc^n- 
 gel San Rafael, por haber cesado la epidemia del colera en el barrio de la pa- 
 rroquia del Santo Angel Custodio, y de las ecsequias que por los feligreses 
 que fallecieron, celebraron su Junta de caridad e indi\'iduos calificadores, 
 con los sermones que se predicaron en ellas . . . Habana, J. Bolona, 
 1834. 3 p. 1., 34 pp. illus. 12°. 
 
 Santos Fuentes y Betancourt, Emilio de los. Aparicion y desarrollo de la poesia 
 en Cuba; tesis que, para incorporarse en la Universidad mayor de San 
 Marcos de Lima, leyo ... D. Emilio de los Santos Fuentes y Betan- 
 court . . . Lima, impr. de "La Opinion nacional," 1877. 23pp. 26 cm. 
 
 [Santos Suarez, Joaquin.] La cuestion Africana en la isla de Cuba, considerada 
 bajo su doble aspecto de la trata interior y esterior. Por un cubano pro- 
 pietario. Madrid, 1863. 63 pp. 4°. 
 
 Bound with Montaos y Robillard Francisco. Proyecto de Emancipacion de la escla- 
 vitud en la isla de Cuba. 
 
 Saussure, Heure de. Rapport sur un os maxillaire inf^rieur trouv^ a Cuba, par 
 M. Ferrer. 
 
 {In Congreso internacional de Americanistas, actas de la cuarta reuni6n, Madrid, 
 1881. vol. 1. pp. 262-265. Dictamen acerea de la misma mandibula, de doctor O. 
 J. B. HSjar y Haro. pp. 265-267. Madrid, 1881. 8°) 
 
 Scherzer, Karl ritter von. Aus dem natur- und volkerleben im tropischen Ame- 
 rika. Skizzenbuch von dr. Karl v. Scherzer. Leipzig, G. Wigand, 1864. 
 2 p. 1., 380 pp. 20 J cm. 
 Cuba: pp. 22-28; 331-380. 
 
 Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte "Novara" um die Erde . . . 1857, 
 1858, 1859 . . . Statistisch-commercieller Theil . . . Wien, K. K. Hof- 
 und Staatsdruckerei, 1865. 2 vols. maps. f°. 
 Cuba: vol. 2. pp. 467-495. (1 map) 
 
 Die westindischen Inseln St. Thomas, Haiti, Porto Rico und Cuba. Mit 
 einer Karte. 
 
 {In Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 
 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wiillerstorf-Urbair. Statistisch- 
 commercieller Theilvon Dr. Karl von Scherzer. Zvs'eiter Band. Wien, 1865. pp. 
 467-495) 
 
 ScHtJTz [zu] Holzhausen, [Kuno Damian] freiherr von and Springer, Robert, ed. 
 Cuba und die iibrigen inseln Westindiens. Mit besonderer beriicksich- 
 tigung der politischen und sozialen verhaltnisse . . . Wiirzburg und 
 Leipzig, Woerl's reisebiicherverlag [1896] xii, 388 pp. front., pi., fold, 
 map. 16°. 
 Sedano [y Cruzat], Carlos de. Cuba; estudios politicos, por D. Cd,rlos de Sedano 
 . . . Madrid, Impr. A cargo de M. G. Hernandez, 1872. 4 p. 1., 457, 
 [5] pp. 8°. 
 
 "Estudios politicos sobre Cuba por D. Carlos de Sedano," an article by Antonio 
 Romero Ortiz from "La Polltica," January 1873, forms part of the introductory mat- 
 ter. 
 
 Serra Montalvo, Rafael. Ensayos politicos. Segunda serie. New York, 1896. 
 221, (1), xvipp. portrait, sq. 16°. 
 
 Mainly a reprint of newspaper articles advertising the Cuban cause. Contains a 
 sketch of Jos6 Marti. 
 
 SiGSBEE, Charles D. The "Maine." An account of her destruction in Havana har- 
 bor. The personal narrative of Captain Charles D. Sigsbee. New York, 
 The Century co., 1899. xiv, (2), 27 pp. pis. (photogravures) por- 
 traits. 8°. 
 
 Simancas, M. G. Riqueza minera de las Villas, Cuba. With map. 
 {In Revista de geogrAfia comm. Madrid, 1887) 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 381 
 
 Simpson, Charles ToKRE-f . Distribution of the land and fresh water mollusks of the 
 West Indian region and their evidence with regard to past changes of land 
 and sea. 
 
 {In U. S. National Museum. Proceedings, vol. 17, pp. 423-450. Washington, 1895. 
 pi. 8°) 
 
 SiRGADO Y Sequeira, Pedro Pascual de. Elogio del Sr. Juan Manuel O'Farrill, 
 pronunciado en la Real sociedad patriotica de la Habana. Habana, 1831. 
 14 pp. 8°. 
 SivERS, Jegor von. Cuba, die Perle der Antillen. Reisedenkwiirdigkeiten und 
 Forschungen. Leipzig, Carl Fr. Fleischer, 1861. vi, (2), 364 pp. 8°. 
 Reviewed in The Nation, vol. 3 (Aug. 2^ 1866), pp. 85-87. 
 "Schriften uber Cuba," pp. 341-346. 
 
 Skinner, Charles M[ontgomery] 1852- Myths and legends of our new possessions 
 and protectorate. Philadelphia and London, J. B. Lippincott co., 1900 
 [1899] 354 pp. pi. 12°. 
 
 Smith, Aaron. The atrocities of the pirates, or, a faithful narrative of the unparal- 
 leled sufferings endured by the author, during his captivity among the 
 pirates of the island of Cuba, with an account of the excesses and barbari- 
 ties of those inhuman freebooters. London, G. and W. B. Whittaker, 
 1824. xi, (1), 214 pp. 16°. 
 
 Same. First American, from the London edition. New York, Robert 
 
 Lowry, 1824. 158 pp. 16°. 
 [Smith, Henry Erskine] On and off the saddle; characteristic sights and scenes 
 from the great Northwest to the x-lntilles. By Lispenard Rutgers [pseud.'\ 
 New York, London, G. P. Putnam's sons, 1894. viii, 201 pp. front., 
 pi. 16°. 
 Snow, Freeman. Treaties and topics in American diplomacy. Boston, Boston book 
 company, 1894. vii, (1), 515 pp. 8°. 
 
 • Cuba: pp. 349-357. Contain an outline history of the attempts made to acquire Cuba 
 supposed to be favored by the United States Government. 
 
 SoLORZANO Pereira. Politica Indiana. Sacada en lengua castellana de los dos tomos 
 del derecho, i govierno municipal de las Indias Occidentales que mas 
 copiosamente escrito en la Latina por el mismo avtor, dividida en seis 
 libros. En los quales con gran distincion, i estvdio se trata, i resuelve todo 
 lo tocante al descubrimiento, descripcion, adquisicion, i retencion de las 
 mismas Indias, i su govierno particular . . . Anadidas muchas cosas, que 
 no estan en los tomos Latinos, i en particular to do el libro sexto, que en 
 dies i siete capitulos trata de la hazienda real de las Indias . . . En Mad- 
 rid, porDiago Diaz de la Carrera, ano MDCXLVIII. (44), 1040, (104) 
 pp. f°. 
 
 SoTOMAYOR, Urbano F[eyjoo] DE. Isla de Cuba, por Urbano F. de Sotomayor. 
 Paris, Impr. de A. Blondeau, 1852. 63 pp. 24 cm. 
 
 Souvenir of the island of Cuba. [New York] J. C. Prince, 1894. cover-title, 36 1. 
 obi. 12°. 
 
 Spain. Presupuestos generales de gastos e ingresos de la Isla de Cuba en el ano eco- 
 nomico de 1886-87, modificados por real decreto de 12 de agosto de 1887 
 para el ejercicio de 1887 a 1888. Madrid, 1887. 4°. 
 
 Comision de reforma arancelaria de Cuba y Puerto Rico. Seccion de Cuba. 
 
 . . . Proyecto de dictamen de la ponencia segunda (clases 4", 5% 6", 7% 
 y 13^ del arancel) presentado por los sefiores vocales de la misma, D. Ma- 
 nuel Girona, presidente de la Ctimara de comercio de Barcelona, D. Antonio 
 Ferratges, marques de Mont-Roig, diputado a Cortes y D. Avelino Brunet, 
 representante del Fomento del trabajo nacional de Barcelona. Madrid, 
 Imprenta d cargo de B. A. de La Fuente, 1895. 24 pp. 27|^ cm. 
 
382 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Spain. Laws, statutes, etc. Translation of the municipal and provincial laws in lorce 
 in the island of Cuba. [By the U. S.] War department. Division of cus- 
 toms and insular affairs. August, 1899. 'Washington, Government print- 
 ing office, 1899. 71pp. 23 cm. 
 
 Translation of the notarial laws in force in Cuba and Puerto Rico 
 
 (1888) [By the U. S.] Division of customs and insular affairs. War 
 department, July, 1899. Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 
 58 pp. 23 cm. 
 
 Contains the notarial laws and regulations of October 29, 1873 (Emilio Castelar, presi- 
 dent of the republic) Also, royal decrees from 1878 to 1893. 
 
 Laws, statutes, etc., 1874-1885 (Alfonso XII) Translation of the code of 
 
 commerce in force in Cuba, Porto Rico, and the Philippines, amended by 
 the law of June 10, 1897, including the commercial registry regulations, 
 exchange regulations, and other provisions of a similar character, with 
 annotations and appendices. [By the U. S.] Division of customs and 
 insular affairs. War department. October, 1899. Washington, Govern- 
 ment printing office, 1899. [1], iv, 3-291 pp. 23 J cm. 
 
 Same. Translation of the general law of public works of the island of Cuba, 
 
 and regulations for its execution. With the addition of all subsequent 
 provisions published to date. (1891) [By the U. S.] War department. 
 Division of customs and insular affairs. 1899. W^ashington, Government 
 printing office, 1899. 101 pp. 23^ cm. 
 
 Binder's title: Cuba — General law of puVjlic works, 1891. 
 
 Same. Translation of the Law of civil procedure for Cuba and Porto Rico, 
 
 with annotations, explanatory notes, and amendments made since the 
 American occupation. [By the U. S.] War department. Division of insu- 
 lar affairs, January, 1901. Washington, Government printing office, 1901. 
 xi, 544 pp. 23J cm. 
 
 Given by royal decree, Sept. 25, 1885. 
 
 Includes citations from decisions of the Supreme court of Madrid, 1857-1892. 
 Appendices: I, Changes in and amendments to the Civil procedure of the island iof 
 Cuba made by the military government during the years 1899 and 1900. — II, Changes 
 in and amendments to the Civil procedure of the island of Porto Rico made by the 
 military government during the years 1898, 1899 and 1900. 
 
 Same. Translation of the law of railroads for the island of Cuba, and regu- 
 
 lations for its execution, with additions to date. (1895) [By the U. S.] 
 Division of customs and insular affairs, War department, July, 1899. 
 Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 58 pp. 23 cm. 
 
 The railroad larsv, as given by Alfonso XII, Nov. 23, 1877, with the addition of the 
 "Budget law of June 5, 1880." The "Regulations" are made by the minister of 
 commerce and public works, approved by His Majesty May 24, 1878. 
 The whole is ordered to be published in the "Gaceta," for general information, by 
 the secretary of the general government of Cuba, Jan. 5, 1883. 
 
 Same. Translation of the Mining law applied to Cuba by Royal decrees of 
 
 October 10, 1883, and June 27, 1884, with an api^endix containing all the 
 provisions issued to date. [By the U. S.] War department. Division of 
 customs and insular affairs, June, 1900. Washington, Government print- 
 ing office, 1900. 95 pp. 24 cm. 
 Binder's title: Cuba — Mining laws. 
 
 Same. Translation of the penal code in force in Cuba and Porto Rico. \_By 
 
 the U. S.] Division of customs and insular affairs. War Department. 
 July, 1900. Washington, Government printing office, 1900. 175 pp. 
 23 J cm. 
 
 Royal decree of May 23, 1879. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 383 
 
 Spain. Laws, statutes, etc., 1886- (Alfonso XIII) Translation. Adaptation of 
 the electoral law of June 26, 1890, to the islands of Cuba and Porto Rico. 
 [By the U. S.] Division of customs and insular affairs, War department. 
 August,' 1899. Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 23 pp. 
 
 23 cm. 
 
 Same. New constitution establishing self-government in the islands of Cuba 
 
 and Porto Rico. Authorized translation of the preamble and royal decree 
 of November 25, 1897, published in the Official Gazette of Madrid. With 
 comments by Cuban autonomists on the scope of the plan and its liber- 
 ality as compared with Canadian autonomy and Federal state rights. 
 Published at the office of "Cuba." New York, 1898. 74, (1) pp. 16°. 
 
 Same. Translation. Constitution establishing self-government in the 
 
 islands of Cuba and Porto Rico. Promulgated by royal decr&e of Novem- 
 ber 25, 1897. [By the U. S.] Division of customs and insular affairs. War 
 department, August, 1899. Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 
 
 24 pp. .23 cm. 
 
 Same. Translation of the civil code in force in Cuba, Porto Rico, and the 
 
 Philippines. [By the U. S.] Division of customs and insular affairs, War 
 department. October, 1899. Washington, Government printing office, 
 
 1899. 1 p. 1., vi, 3-322 pp. 23^ cm. 
 Royal decree of July 31, 1889. 
 
 Same. Translation of the law of ports in the island of Cuba. [By the IT. S.] 
 
 Division of customs and insular affairs. War department. May, 1900. 
 Washington, Government printing office, 1900. 15 pp. 23 cm.- 
 Royal decree issued Oct. 31, 1890. 
 
 Same. Translation of the mortgage law for Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the 
 
 Phihppines. (1893) [By the U. S. ] War department, 1899. Washing- 
 ton, Government printing office, 1899. 90 pp. 23 cm. 
 
 A revision of the mortgage law, in its application to the islands, approved by the Com- 
 mittee on codes and presented to the Cortes by the colonial minister, Antonio 
 Maura y Montaner, May 26, 1893. 
 
 Same. Translation. The law of waters in force in the island of Cuba. [By 
 
 the U. S.] Division of customs and insular affairs. War department. May, 
 
 1900. Washington, Government printing office, 1900. 53 pp. 232 cm. 
 Royal decree issued Jan. 9, 1891. 
 
 Ministerio de marina. Direccion de hidrograffa. Derrotero de las islas 
 
 Antillas, de las costas de Tierra Firme, y de las del seno Mejicano. For- 
 mado en la Direccion de trabajos hidrogrdficos para . . . uso de las cartas 
 que ha publicado. 2. ed. corregida y aumentada . . . y con un apendice 
 sobre las corrientes del oceano AtMntieo . . . Madrid, Imprenta real, 
 1820. viii, [3], 591 pp. 8°. 
 
 Derrotero de las islas Antillas de las costas de Tierra firme, y 
 
 de las del seno Mexicano, corregido y aumentado y con un apendice sobre 
 las corrientes del oceano AtMntico A mandado reimprimir. Por el exmo. 
 Sr. D. Guadalupe Victoria . . . Mexico, 1825. viii, [9]-599 pp. 8°. 
 
 Derrotero de las islas Antillas de las costas de Tierra Firme y 
 
 de las del seno Megicano, corregido y aumentado y con un apendice sobre 
 las corrientes del oceano Atlantico. Mandado reimprimir por F. de Paula 
 Santander . . . Bogota, 1826. viii, 9-578 pp. 8°. 
 Ministerio de ultramar . . . Arancel para la exaccion de entrada en las islas 
 de Cuba y Puerto Rico a las mercadieras extranjeras. Repertorio para la 
 aplicacion del arancel. Barcelona, A. Lopez Robert, impresor, 1892. xv, 
 95 pp. 16x23 J cm. (El Economista espafiol. Suplemento al num. 16) 
 
384 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Spain. Ministerio de ultramar . . . Cuba desde 1850 & 1873. Coleccion de 
 informes, memorias, proyectos y antecedentes sobre el gobierno de la isla 
 de Cuba, relatives al citado periodo, que ha reunido por comision del 
 gobierno D. Cdrlos de Sedano y Cruzat, ex-diputado -i Cortes. Madrid, 
 Imprenta nacional, 1873. 801, (3), 152, iv pp. f°. 
 
 Cuba unter spanischer Eegierung. "Landesgesetze und statistische 
 
 Daten der Insel. Vom koniglichen colonial Bureau in Madrid nach offi- 
 ziellen Quellen zusammengestellt und herausgegeben. Autorisirte Ueber- 
 setzung. (Vermehrt durch das Reformerganzungsgesetz von 1897, eine 
 unabhangige politische original Studie und viele Randbemerkungen. 
 Von Edmund Carl Preiss. New York, G. E. Stechert, 1897. 125 pp. 8°. 
 
 Decretos estableciendo el regimen autonomico en las islas de Cuba y 
 
 Puerto Rico. Ed. oficial. Madrid, viuda de M. Minuesa de los Rios, 
 1897. 102 pp. 8°. 
 
 Presupuestos generales de gastos e ingresos de la isla de Cuba para 
 
 el ano economico de 1883-84. Madrid, Estab. tip. de "Elcorre," 1883. 
 4°. 
 
 Translation. Regulations for the execution of the police law of rail- 
 
 roads of the island of Cuba. [By the U. S.] War department. Division of 
 customs and insular affairs. September, 1899. Washington, Government 
 printing office, 1899. 27 pp. 23 cm. 
 Spanish rule in Cuba. Laws governing the island. Review published by the 
 Colonial oflB(;e in Madrid, with data and statistics compiled from official 
 records. (Authorized translation, with additional notes) New York, 
 1896. 67, V pp. 23^ cm. 
 
 Contents. — Laws of the Indies. — The Zanjon capitulation. — Abolition of slavery. — 
 Political organization. — Electoral law. — Public meetings and associations. — The 
 governor-general. — Provincial administration.— Municipal administration. — Public 
 peace. — Department of justice. — Civil rights. — The law merchant. — Mortgages. — 
 Registry and civil marriage. — Notaries. — Criminal law. — Public instruction. — Eco- 
 nomics.— Cuba'.s public debt. — Appointments to public office.— Unification of state 
 professions in the peninsula and in the colonial provinces.— Remarks. The Auton- 
 omist party. — Reform law of 1895, for Cuba and Porto Rico. 
 
 Spanish tariffs and custom-house regulations with other interesting information of 
 value to Spanish and American merchants, manufacturers, shippers, and 
 brokers. Translated and compiled by Manuel de Tornos. New York, 
 Manuel de Tornos, publisher, 1889. 169 pp. 8°. 
 Trade regulations for Cuba and Porto Rico. 
 
 Spencer, J. W. Geographical evolution of Cuba. With illustrations in the text. 
 
 (In Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, vol. 7, pp. 67-94. Rochester, N. Y., 
 1896) 
 
 The Yumuri valley of Cuba. A. Rock-basin. 
 
 (In Geological Magazine, London, n. s., decade iv, v. 1, pp. 499-502) 
 
 Standard guide to Cuba; a new and complete guide to the island of Cuba, with 
 maps, illustrations, routes of travel, history, and an English-Spanish phrase 
 book. New York, Foster & Reynolds; Havana, Diamond news company, 
 1905. 3 p. 1., 180 pp. incl. front., illus. 2 fold, maps, facsims. 19 cm. 
 
 Standard guide to Havana; a complete handbook for visitors, with mai^s, illus- 
 trations, history, and an English-Spanish manual of conversatioji. New 
 York, Foster & Reynolds; Havana, Diamond news company, 1905. 3p. 1., 
 120 pp. incl. front., illus. fold. map. 19 cm. 
 
 Steele, James W. Cuban sketches, by James W. Steele . . . New York, G. P. 
 Putnam's sons, 1881. vii pp., 2 1., 220 pp. 20 cm. 
 
 Steetz, William. Instruction nautique sur les passages u, File de Cuba et au golfe 
 du Mexique, par le canal de la Providence et le grand banc de Bahama. 
 Paris, B6chet, 1825. 64 pp., 2 maps. 8°. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. ^ 385 
 
 Stephens, C[haeles] A[sbury] 1845- The Knockabout club in the tropics. The 
 adventures of a party of j'oung men in New Mexico, Mexico, and Central 
 America. By C. A. Stephens . . . Boston, Estes and Lauriat, 1884 [1883] 
 240 pp. incl. front., illus., plates, ports. 21 J cm. (The Knockabout club 
 series) 
 
 SuAEEZ, Jose Ildefonso. Breve memoria escrita por el oidor houorario de la audien- 
 cia de Cuba, Don Jose Ildefonso Su^rez, para satisfacer a la nacion y su 
 gobierno supremo de las calumniosas acusaciones que le han hecho algunos 
 enemigos. [Paris, Impr. de Everat, 1839] 35 pp. 19^ cm. 
 
 Don Jose Ildefonso Suarez, oidor honorario de la audiencia de Puerto Principe, 
 
 presenta al publico un nuevo y facilisimo metodo de calumniar a cualquiera 
 inventado por un discipulo predilecto suyo. [Madrid, Compania de im- 
 presores y libreros, 1839] 15 pp. 18^ cm. 
 
 Memoria segunda escrita por el oidor honorario Don Jose Ildefonso Suarez, 
 
 para continuar deshaciendo calumnias y descubriendo el caracter de sus 
 enemigos. [Madrid, Compafiia de impresores y libreros, 1839] 15 pp. 
 19J cm. 
 
 Memoria tercera del oidor honorario Don Jos6 Ildefonso Sudrez, acerca de 
 
 la comision militar de la isla de Cuba. Justas y respetuosas considera- 
 ciones acerca del real decreto de 20 de junio, publicado en la Gaceta de 30 
 de Julio ultimo. Madrid, Compania general de impresores y libreros del 
 reino, 1839. 24 pp. 19J cm. 
 SuRTEES, W[illiam] E[dward] Recollections of North America, in 1849-50-51. 
 By W. E. Surtees, d. c. l. [London? Chapman and Hall? 1852?] 2 pts. 
 in 1 v. 2I2 cm. 
 Half-title. 
 Also published in New monthlj^ magazine, vol. xciv. 
 
 Tacon y fi'. Cirilo en la isla de Cuba. [Barcelona, Bosch, 1839] 12 pp. 12°. 
 
 Tacon, Miguel. Relacion del gobierno superior y capitanfa general de la isla de 
 Cuba, estendida por el teniente general Don Miguel Tacon, marques de la 
 Union de Cuba, al hacer la entrega de dichos mandos a su sucesor el escmo, 
 Seiior Don Joaquin de Ezpeleta. Habana, Impr. del gobierno y capitanfa 
 general, 1838. 29, [1], 10 pp. 25 cm. 
 
 — ■■ Relacion del gobierno superior y capitanfa general de la isla de Cuba, esten- 
 dida por el teniente general D. Miguel Tacon, marques de la Union de 
 Cuba, al hacer la entrega de dichos mandos a su sucesor el escmo. Seiior 
 Don Joaquin de Ezpeleta. 3. ed. Habana, Imprenta del gobierno y 
 capitanfa general. Reimpresa en Madrid, J. Palacios, 1838. 26, 10 pp. 
 19J cm. 
 
 Relacion del gobierno superior y capitanfa general de la isla de Cuba, esten- 
 
 dida por el teniente general Don Miguel Tacon, marques de la Union de 
 Cuba, al hacer la entrega de dichos mandos A su sucesor el escmo. Senor 
 D. Joaquin de Ezpeleta. 3. ed. Habana, Impr. del gobierno y capitanfa 
 general, 1838. 26, 9 pp. 26 cm. 
 
 Tacon [y Rosique], Miguel, marques de la Union de Cuba, 1777-1854. Relacion 
 del gobierno superior y capitanfa general de la isla de Cuba, estendida por 
 el teniente general Don Miguel Tacon, marques de la Union de Cuba, al 
 hacer la entrega de dichos mandos a su sucesor el exmo. Seiior D. Joaquin 
 de Ezpeleta. Megico, Reimpresa por M. Arevalo, 1838. 99 pp. 15 cm. 
 
 Tagle, Aerate, J[ose] Miguel, 1846-1897. Cuba i los principios sobre la belije- 
 rancia, por J. Miguel Tagle Arrate. (2. ed., cor.) Santiago de Chile, 
 Impr., litograffa y encuadernacion de " La Democracia, " 1896. 119 pp., 
 1 1. incl. port. 4 port. 23^ cm. 
 
 159a— 05 25 
 
386 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Tapaboca; 6 sea Contestacion documentada al insulso y desalinado foUeto que, con 
 el nombre impropio de memoria, ha publicado en Paris el reo profugo 
 D. Jose Ildefonso Suarez (alias) el Mulon, ex-asesor general primero 
 interino del gobierno de la Habana y de su comision militar ejecutiva 
 permanente . . . Matanzas, Impr. de J. Miguel de Oro, 1839. 97 pp. 
 19J cm. 
 
 A refutation of "Breve memoria escrita per el oidor lionorario de la audieneia de 
 Cuba, D. Jose Ildefonso Sudrez, para satisfacer A la nacion y & su gobierno supremo 
 de las calumniosas acusaeiones que le han hecho algunos enemigos." [Paris, 1838] 
 
 Tapia y Rivera (Alejandro) Camoens; drama original en cuatro actos. Madrid, 
 T. Fortanet, 1868. 74 pp., 11. 8°. 
 
 La cuaterona; drama original en tres actos. Madrid, T. Fortanet, 1867. 
 
 72 pp. 12°. 
 Taylor, John Glanville. The United States and Cuba: eight years of change and 
 
 travel. By John Glanville Taylor. London, R. Bentley, 1851. xii, 328 
 
 pp. 12°. 
 Thomas, J. J. Froudacity : West Indian fables by James Anthony Froude, explained 
 
 by J. J. Thomas . . . London, T. F. Unwin, 1889. 261 pp. 12°. 
 Thrasher, John S. A preliminary essay on the purchase of Cuba. New York, 
 
 Derby & Jackson, 1859. 95 pp. 12°. 
 
 A preliminary essay on the purchase of Cuba. By John S. Thrasher. 
 
 New York, Derby & Jackson, 1859. 95 pp. 12°. 
 
 ToLON, Miguel. Los preludios. Rimas. [Matanzas, 1841] 59 pp. 8°. 
 
 ToRNOs, Manuel de. Spanish tariffs and custom house regulations, with other inter- 
 esting information of value to Spanish and American merchants, manu- 
 facturers, shippers, and brokers. Translated and compiled by Manuel de 
 Tornos. Manuel de Tornos, publisher, New York, 1889. (2), 169 pp. 8°. 
 Contains " Customs tariffs of Cuba and Porto Rico." 
 
 ToKRE, JosE Makia DE LA. Compendio de geografia, ffsica politica, estadistica y 
 comparada de la Isla de Cuba, por Don Jose Maria de la Torre . . . 
 Habana, Impr. de M. Soler, 1854. xi, [3], 128 pp. 8°. 
 
 Lo que fuimos y lo que somos; 6, La Habana antigua y moderna. Por D. 
 
 Jose Maria de la Torre . . . Habana, Imj^r. de Spencer y compania, 1857. 
 4 pp., 1 1., [5]-184 pp. fold. map. 21 cm. 
 
 Nuevos elementos de geografia e historia de la isla de Cuba, jjara el uso de 
 
 los ninos, por Don Jose Maria de la Torre . . . Contienen la reciente 
 division territorial y el censo oficial de 1862 ... 42. ed. Habana, Sans, 
 Imprenta y libreria de A. Pego, 1868. 93, [1] p. 18 cm. 
 
 Nuevos elementos de geografia e historia de la isla de Cuba, para uso de los 
 
 ninos. Contiene la reciente division territorial y el ultimo censo oficial: 
 ^ y estdn ajustados al explendido mapa de la isla del autor. 46. ed., rev. 
 
 Habana, A. Pego, 1873. iii, [4], 260 pp. 16 J cm. 
 
 Lo que fuimos y lo que somos: 6, La Habana antigua y moderna. Habana, 
 
 Spencer & CO., 1857. 180 pp. map. 8°. 
 ToRRENTE, Mariano. Bosquejo economico politico de la isla de Cuba, comprensivo 
 de varios proyectos de prudentes y saludabl.es mejoras que pueden intro- 
 ducirse en su gobierno y administracion. Madrid. Impr. de Manuel 
 Pita, 1852-53. 2 vols, portrait. 8°. 
 
 Imprint of vol. 2: Habana, Imprenta de Bareina, 1853. 
 
 Slavery in the island of Cuba, with remarks on the statements of the British 
 
 press relative to the slave trade. London, 1853. 107, (1), 32 pp. 8°. 
 The Spanish text and the English translation are printed on opposite pages. The last 
 32 pages consist of u translation of a pamphlet jiublished at Madrid in 1841, entitled 
 "Cuestion sobre la esclavitud en la isla de Cuba." 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 387 
 
 TowNSHEND, Feederic Trench. Wild life in Florida, with a visit to Cuba. London, 
 Hurst & Blackett, 1875. xiv, 319 pp. woodcut, map. 8°. 
 Pages 168-217 describe Cuba. 
 
 Tkelles [y Govin], Carlos M[anuel] 1866- . . . Bibliograf la de la segundaguerra 
 de independencia cubana y de la hispano-yankee. Publicada en la 
 re vista ilustrada ' ' Cuba y America. ' ' Habana, 1902. cover-title, 49 pp. 
 24 cm. 
 
 Tkollope, Anthony. The West Indies and the Spanish Main. Second edition. 
 London, Chapman & Hall, 1860. iv, 395 pp. map. 8°. 
 Pages 131-155 give an account of a visit to Cuba. 
 
 Tucker, George F. The Monroe doctrine. Boston, 1885. 138 pp. 8°. 
 
 Cuba, pp. 77-91. 
 Tudor, Henry. Narrative of a tour in North America; . . . with av excursion to 
 the island of Cuba. In a series of letters, written in the years 1831-1832. 
 In two volumes. London, 1834. 12°. 
 "Vol. 2, pp. 97-138 describe a visit to Cuba. 
 
 TuppER, H[enry] Allen, jr. Columbia's war for Cuba; a story of the early strug- 
 gles of the Cuban patriots, and of all the important events leading up to 
 the present war between the United States and Spain for Cuba libre . . . 
 New York, P. B. Bromfield & co. [1898] 256 pp. front., illus., pi., port. 
 24 cm. 
 
 "An American woman in Cuba. By Francis Linton," pp. 245-256. 
 
 TuRNBULL, David. Travels in the west. Cuba; with notices of Porto Rico, and the 
 slave trade. London, Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 
 1840. (2), xvi, 574 pp. map. 8°. 
 
 [Tyng, C. D.] The stranger in the tropics: being a hand-book for Havana and guide 
 book for travellers in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and St. Thomas. With descrip- 
 . tions of the principal objects of interest, suggestions to invalids (by a 
 physician) Hints for tours and general directions for travellers. Hand- 
 book edition with map and traveller's diary. New York, American news 
 CO.,. 1868. 194 pp., 1 1. front., 3 pi., fold. map. 19 cm. 
 Published anonymously. 
 
 Underhill, Edward Bean. The West Indies: their social and religious condition. 
 London, Jackson, Walford, and Hodder, 1862. x, 493 pp. 12°. 
 Cuba and the Bahamas, pp. 461-493. 
 
 United States. Adjutant-general's office. Statistical exhibit of strength of volun- 
 teer forces called into service during the war with Spain; with losses from all 
 causes. Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 25 pp. 29| cm. 
 
 Military information division. Military notes on Cuba . . . [Wash- 
 ington, Government printing office, 1898] 184 pp. 4 fold, maps, 16 fold, 
 plans. 19J cm. 
 
 Bureau of education. Chapter from the report of the Commissioner of 
 
 education for 1899-1900. Chapter XXIX. Education in the Philippines, 
 Cuba, Porto Rico, Hawaii, and Samoa. Washington, Government print- 
 ing office, 1900. 1595-1659. 8°. 
 
 Advance sheets from the Commissioner's report. 
 
 Bureau of insular affairs. . . . The establishment of free government in 
 
 Cuba. Compiled in the Bureau of insular affairs from the records of the 
 War department. Washington, Government printing office, 1904. 32 pp. 
 23 cm. (58th Cong., 2d sess. Senate. Doc. no. 312) 
 
 Presented by Mr. Piatt of Connecticut, and ordered printed April 27, 1904. 
 
388 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 United States. Bureau of statistics. (1898) Foreign commerce of Spain, and com- 
 merce of the United States with Spain and dependencies: also, receipts and 
 expenditures; and condition of the bank of Spain. [Washington, 1898] 
 4°. pp. iv, (32). 
 
 From Summary of finance and commerce, for March, 1898. 
 
 (Treasury department) Foreign commerce of — Cuba, Porto Rico, 
 
 Hawaii, the Philippines, and Samoan Islands. Their imports and exports 
 by countries; also the commerce of the United States therewith . . . 
 [Washington, 1899] iii, 1915-2014 pp. 29 cm. 
 
 From the Summary of commerce and finance for February, 1899. 
 
 Commissioners to investigate affairs in the Philippine Islands. Preliminary 
 
 statement. Washington, 1899. 8°. pp. 21. (56th Cong., 1st sess. 
 House doc. no. 1, pt. 3) 2 cop. 
 
 Cuba and Porto Rico special commissioner. Report on the commercial and 
 
 industrial condition of Cuba, by R. P. Porter . . . Special report. The 
 currency of the island of Cuba . . . Washington, Government printing 
 office, 1898. 12, [1] pp. 8°. 
 
 Report on the commercial and industrial condition of Cuba, by 
 
 R. P. Porter . . . Special- reports on the revenue and customs tariff . . . 
 taxation . . . and testimony ... in relation to the needs of Cuban 
 planters . . . Washington, Government printing office, 1898. 81pp. 8°. 
 
 Report on the commercial and industrial condition of the island of 
 
 Cuba; by R. P. Porter. Special report. The fiscal and economic condi- 
 tion of the island of Jamaica . . . Washington, Government printing 
 office, 1899: 11 pp. 8°. (Treasury dept. Doc. no. 2085) 
 
 Report on the commercial and industrial condition of Cuba, by R. 
 
 P. Porter . . . Special report. Statistics of the imports into the island 
 of Cuba for 1895 . . . Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 
 90 pp. 8°. (U.S. Treasury dept. Div. of customs. Doc. no. 2081) 
 
 Report on the currency question of Porto Rico. By R. P. Porter 
 
 . . . Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 18, [1] pp. 8°. 
 (U. S. Treasury dept. Div. of customs. Doc. no. 2082) 
 
 Department of agriculture. Section of foreign markets. Circular no. 16. 
 Our trade with Cuba from 1887 to 1897. [Washington, 1897] 30 pp. 8°. 
 No title-page. 
 
 Department of state. Consular correspondence respecting the condition of 
 the reconcentrados in Cuba, the state of the war in that island, and the 
 prospects of the projected autonomy. Message from the President of the 
 United States ... in response to the resolution of the Senate, dated Feb- 
 ruary 14, 1898, calling for information . . . April 11, 1898. — Read, 
 referred to the Committee on foreign relations, and ordered to be printed. 
 Washington, Government printing office, 1898. v, 91 pp. 23 cm. (55th 
 Cong., 2d sess. Senate. Doc. no. 230. ) 
 
 Includes report from John A. Kasson, special commissioner plenipotentiary. 
 
 Correspondence between the Department of state and the United 
 
 States minister at Madrid, and the consular representatives of the United 
 States in the island of Cuba, and other papers relating to Cuban affairs, 
 transmitted to the House of representatives in obedience to a resolution. 
 Washington, Government printing office, 1870. 1 p. 1., 193 pp. 22 cm. 
 
 At head of p. [1]: "41st Congress, 2d session. House of Representatives. Ex. doe. 
 no. 160. Struggle for independence in the island of Cuba." 
 
 . . . Correspondence between the United States government and 
 
 Spain in ivlation to the island of Cuba. Message from the President of 
 the United States, transmitting in response to resolution of the House of 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 389 
 
 representatives of the 17th instant, a report from the secretary of state, 
 with accompanying documents. January 21, 1876. — Referred to the Com- 
 mittee on foreign affairs and ordered to be printed. [Washington, Gov- 
 ernment printing office, 1876] 81 pp. 22 cm. (44th Cong., 1st sess. 
 House. Ex. doc. no. 90. ) 
 United States. . . . Message from the President of the United States, in answer to 
 a resolution of the Senate calling for information relative to a proposed 
 tripartite convention on the subject of Cuba. [Washington, 1853] 23 pp. 
 24Jcm. (32d Cong., 2d sess. 1852-53. Senate. Ex. doc. no. 13.) 
 
 Caption title. 
 
 Report of the secretary of state, submitting a copy of the diplomatic correspondence 
 with France and England. 
 
 . . . Message from the President of the United States, communicat- 
 ing, in answer to a Senate resolution of April 29, 1878, information respect- 
 ing the terms and conditions under which the surrender of the Cuban 
 insurgents has been made, and in relation to the future policy of Spain in 
 the government 6i the island of Cuba. [Washington, Government print- 
 ing office, 1878] 22 pp. 22 cm. (45th Cong. , 2d sess. Senate. Ex. doc. 
 no. 79. ) 
 
 Running title: Government of the island of Cuba. 
 
 Library of Congress. List of books relating to Cuba, including references 
 
 to collected works and periodicals, by A. P. C. Griffin, with a bibliog- 
 raphy of maps by P. Lee Phillips. Washington, Government printing 
 office, 1898. 61 pp. 8°. (U. S. 55th Cong., 2d sess. 1897-98. Senate. 
 Doc. no. 161) 
 
 Same. 2d edition, corrected. Washington, Government printing 
 
 office, 1898. 61 pp. 8°. 
 
 Navy department. Office of naval intelligence. Information from abroad. 
 
 ■ Cevera (Pascual). Views of Admiral Cevera regarding the Spanish navy 
 in the late war. November, 1898. Washington, Government printing 
 office, 1898. 24 pp. 8°. 
 
 W^ar notes, no. viii. Coucas y Palace, Victor. The 
 
 squadron of Admiral Cevera. Translated from the Spanish. Washing- 
 ton, Government printing office, 1900. 117 pp. 8°. 
 
 War notes, no. iir. J(acobsen), commander. Sketches 
 
 from the Spanish-American war. Translated from the German. Wash- 
 ington, Government printing office, 1899. 38 pp. 8°. 
 
 — — War notes, no. iv. J(acobsen), commander. Sketches 
 
 from the Spanish-American war. Translated from the German. Wash- 
 ington, Government printing office, 1899. 28 pp. 8°. 
 Postal committee on the condition and needs of the postal service in Cuba. 
 'Report . . . Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 30 pp. 8°. 
 Report made to the postmaster-general, signed by August W. Machen, chairman, and 
 others. 
 
 President. Message from the President of the United States, transmitting 
 the report of the naval court of inquiry upon the destruction of the United 
 States battle ship Maine, in Havana harbor, Feb. 15, 1898, together with 
 the testimony taken before the court. AVashington, 1898. 8°. Plates 
 and plans. (55th Cong., 2d sess. Senate. Doc. no. 207.) 
 
 Treasury department. Report on the commercial and industrial condition 
 of the island of Cuba, by Robert P. Porter. Washington, Government 
 printing office, 1898. 54 pp. 8°. 
 
390 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 United States. Treasury Department. Bureau of statistics. Customs tariff and 
 regulations for ports in Cuba in possession of the United States. 
 
 (In Monthly summary of commerce and finance, no. 1, series 1898-99, pp. 333-365. 
 Washington, 1898. 4°.) 
 
 Amended customs tariff and regulations for ports in Cuba 
 
 in possession of the United States. Washington, Government printing 
 office, 1898. 108 pp. 8°. 
 
 War department. Five years of the War department following the war 
 
 with Spain, 1899-1903, as shown in the Annual reports of the secretary of 
 war. [Washington, Government printing office, 1904] 526 pp. fold. map. 
 26 cm. 
 
 "An authentic account of the principal events, and the action and policy of the United 
 States during — The military government of Porto Rico. The development and 
 establishment of the Republic of Cuba. The China relief expedition of 1900. The 
 suppression of the insurrection and the building up of civil government in the Phil- 
 ippines. The reorganization of the army. The beginning of the new militia sys- 
 tem." 
 
 . . . Seizure of certain vessels and occupation and use of wharves. 
 
 etc. , at Santiago de Cuba. Letter from the acting secretary of war, transmit- 
 ting to the Senate, in response to a resolution of the Senate of March 26, 
 1902, correspondence relating to the seizure of certain vessels and the 
 occupation and use of wharves and warehouses at Santiago de Cuba. 
 April 24, 1902. — Referred to the Committee on foreign relations and 
 ordered to be printed. Washington, Government printing office, 1902. 
 95 pp. 23 cm. (57th Cong., 1st sess. Senate. Doc. no. 318. ) 
 
 Translation of the general instructions for drafting public documents 
 
 subject to record in the Spanish colonial provinces. (1893.) Wash., 
 Government Printing Office, 1899. 19 pp. 8°. 
 
 Adjutant-General's Office, No. 21. Military notes on Cuba. [Revised 
 
 edition] Washington, Government Printing Office, 1898, viii, (2), 507 
 pp. 8°. 
 
 Contents. — Cuba in general; City of Habana; Defenses of Habana; Environs of Habana; 
 Province of Pinar del Rio; Province of Habana; Province of Matanzas; Province of 
 Santa Clara; Province of Puerto Principe; Province of Santiago de Cuba. 
 
 Military information division. Military notes on Cuba. 
 
 [Washington, Government Printing Office, 1898] 184 pp. folded maps. 
 12°. 
 
 Contents. — Fortifications of Havana; Itineraries of roads; Notes on localities; Notes on 
 Cuban railroads; The environs of Havana. 
 
 Cuban census. Report on the census of Cuba, 1899. Lt. Col. J. P. 
 
 Sanger, director. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1900. 786 
 pp. plates, tables, charts, maps. 8°. 
 
 Contents. — Geograph y, pp. 17-23; History, pp. 24-43; Government, pp. 43-61; Tables of 
 population, pp. 61-522; Agriculture, pp. 523-566; Education, pp. 565-620. 
 
 Department of Havana. Annual report for the fiscal year ended 
 
 June 30, 1899, from Dec. 22, 1898. William Ludlow, brigadier-general 
 U. S. v., commanding Department of Havana and military governor of 
 the city of Havana, Cuba. [Havana] 1899. 282 pp. 35 pi., 5 maps, 4 
 tab. 25 cm. 
 
 Issued also in "Annual reports of the War department," 1898/99, v. 1, pt. 3. 
 Another report covering period to May 1, 1900, is contained in "Annual reports of the 
 War department," 1899/1900, v. 1, pt. 4. 
 
 Remarks on the industrial, economic and social conditions 
 
 existing in the Department of Havana. Made pursuant to instructions of 
 August 18, 1899, from the division commander. William Ludlow, mili- 
 tary governor of the city of Havana . . . Havana, 1899. 19 pp. 24^ cm. 
 "Municipal government of Guanabacoa" : pp. 13-19. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 391 
 
 United States. War Department. Department of Matanzas and Santa Clara. 
 Annual report of Brigadier-General Jamea H. Wilson, U. S. Vols., com- 
 manding the department of Matanzas and Santa Clara, July, 1900. 
 217 pp. folded plans. 8°. 
 
 Department of Puerto Principe. Proclamation [by] Louis H. Car- 
 penter. Puerto Principe, Nov. 24th, 1898 . . . Proclama [por] Louis H. 
 Carpenter. Puerto Principe, nbre. 24, 1898. Puerto Principe, Tip. Las 
 Dos repiiblicas, 1898. broadside, 38 x 28 cm. 
 
 Department of Santiago and Puerto Principe. Annual report of Col- 
 onel Samuel M. Whitside . . . commanding Department of Santiago and 
 Puerto Principe. 1900. Santiago, 1900. 1 p. 1., 195 pp. front, (map) 
 pis. 20 cm. 
 
 Special report on insular affairs of the provinces of Santiago 
 
 and Puerto Principe, Cuba . . . March 25, 1899. Submitted by Brigadier- 
 General Leonard Wood, U. S. V. . . .. War department. Division of 
 customs and insular affairs, October 5, 1899. Washington, Government 
 printing ofBce, 1899. 49 pp. 23 cm. 
 
 Includes Report of the Board appointed by General orders no. 2, headquarters Depart- 
 ment of Santiago de Cuba, Civil department, January 4, 1899, for the purpose of 
 formulating- a scheme for public education in this province. 
 
 Customs tariff and regulations for ports in Cuba in possession of the 
 
 United States. Washington, Governmentprintingoflfice, 1898. 627 pp. 8°. 
 
 Division of customs and insular affairs. Immigration regulations for 
 
 the island of Cuba. Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 9 
 pp. 8°. 
 
 Translation of the municipal and provincial laws in force in the 
 
 island of Cuba. Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 71 pp. 
 8°. 
 Division of Insular Affairs. The Isle of Pines (Caribbean sea): its sit- 
 
 uation, physical features, inhabitants, resources, and industries. With 
 maps. Washington, Government printing office, 1902. 43 pp. maps. 8°. 
 Translation of the law of criminal procedure for Cuba and Porto 
 
 Eico ( with Spanish text ) , with annotations, explanator}' notes and amend- 
 ments made since the American occupation. War department. Division 
 of insular affairs, October, 1901. Washington, Government printing 
 office, 1901. iii, [725], 359-393 pp. 24 J cm. 
 
 English and Spanish on opposite pages, numbered in duplicate. 
 
 Translated by Frank L. Joannini. 
 
 Weather bureau. Climate of Cuba; also a note on the weather of Manila. 
 
 By W. F. R. Phillips. Washington, Weather bureau, 1898. 23 pp. 8°. 
 (Bulletin no. 22.) 
 
 United States and Spanish Commission, 1871-1883. Synopsis of the work of the 
 United States and Spanish commission, organized for the settlement of 
 certain claims of citizens of the United States in Cuba against Spain under 
 the agreement . . . concludedat Madrid, February 12, 1871; its additional 
 article of February 23, 1881 . . . and the protocol of May 6, 1882, with 
 its subsequent amendment of December 14, 1882 . . . [Washington, 
 Government printing office, 1883] 10 pp. 22 cm. 
 Signed by Eustace Collett, secretary of the commission. 
 
 United States Government, The, has injured the liberty of the people of Cuba. 
 The people of Cuba demand justice of the people of America. [New York, 
 1849] 24, 17 pp. folded map. 8°. 
 
 Consists of extracts from " La Verdad," treating " of the advantages which the annexa- 
 tion of Cuba offers to Americans, and in particular to the people of the United 
 States." 
 
392 HANDBOOK OF OLTBA. 
 
 [Urquia y Redecilla, Juan de] La guerra hispano-americana; historia negra; re- 
 late de los escdndalos ocurridos ennuestras ex-colonias durante las ultimas 
 guerras; por el capitdn Verdades, con un prologo de Adolfo Suurez de 
 Figueroa. Barcelona, Casa editorial Maucci, [etc., etc.] 1899. xvi, 17- 
 255 pp. 12°. 
 Urrutia y Montoya, Ignacio Jose de. Teatro historico, jun'dico y politico militar 
 de la isla Fernandina de Cuba y principalmente de su capital la Habana 
 . . . Por el dr. D. Ignacio Jose de Urrutia y Montoya. Obra inedita 
 escrita en 1791. 
 
 {In Cowley, Rafael, ed. Los tres primeros hLstoriadores de la isla de Cuba. Habana, 
 
 1876-77. 25icm. t. 2, pp. 1-476) 
 In six books, including the period from the discovery to 1555. 
 Running title: Teatro Cubano. 
 Probably never completed. 
 
 v., J. Contestacion dada en la Habana al papel publicado en esta corte por D. J. M. C. 
 sobre negocios de la isla de Cuba; con unas ligeras observaciones sobre el 
 decreto de 28 de diciembre ultimo. Publicadas en honor de la verdad y 
 de la justicia. [Por] J. V. Madrid, Impr. de L. Amarita, 1839. 1 p. 1., 
 35 p. 19J cm. 
 Valdes, Antonio Jose. Historia de la isla de Cuba y en especial de la Habana. 
 Por D. Antonio Jos6 Valdes . . . Impresa en 1813. 
 
 {In Cowley, Rafael, ed. Los tres primeros historiadores de la isla de Cuba. Habana, 
 
 1876-77. 2oi cm. t 3, pp. 1-502. ) 
 Pages 503-564 contain " Historia de Puerto Principe," by TomAs Pio Betancourt; pp. 
 565-630, Historia de Sancti Spiritus, by Tadeo M. Moles; pp. 631-671, Apendice: " Pa- 
 roquias existentes en las diocesis de la Hai)ana y Santiag<i de Cuba." 
 
 Valdes Dominguez, Fermin. El 27 de noviembre de 1871. 2. ed. Habana, Impr. 
 "La Correspoiideiicia de Cuba," 1887. 270 pp., 1 1. front., port. 8°. 
 Added t. -p.,engr. 
 1st ed., 1873, has title: Los voluntaries de la Habana . .' . 
 
 Los voluntaries de la Habana en el acontecimiento de los eatudiantes de 
 
 medecina, por uno de ellos condenado a seis anos de presidio. Madrid, 
 Impr. de S. Martinez, 1873. 148 pp., 1 1. pi., port. 8°. 
 
 ( With Betancourt, Jose R. Las dos banderas. Sevilla, 1870.) 
 
 Later ed. published under title: El 27 de noviembre de 1871. 
 
 Valdes, Ramon Francisco. Compendio de^la historia antigua de la isla de Cuba, 
 
 dispuesto en forma de dialogo para uso de las escuelas, por el dr. D. 
 
 Ramon Francisco Valdes . . . [pte. 1] Habana, Impr. "LaAntilla," 
 
 1864 V. 21 cm. 
 Valiente, Porfirio. Reformes dans les iles de Cuba et de Porto-Rico. Avec une 
 
 preface par Edouard Laboulaye. Paris, A. Chaixetcie., 1869. (4), xx, 
 
 412 pp. 8°. 
 Valois, Alfred de. Mexique, Havane et Guatemala; notes de voyage par Alfred 
 
 de Valois. Paris, E. Dentu [1861] 2 p. 1., 446 pp. 18 cm. 
 Varela y Morales, 1^'elix. Carta sobre las cuestiones filosoficas de Jose de la Luz y 
 
 Francisc:) Ruiz. Habana, 1862. pp. 93-110. 
 {In Me.'itre, Josi- Manuel. De la filosofia en la Habana) 
 
 Varona y Pera, Enrique Jose. Cuba centre Espagne, par Eurique-Jos6 Varona . . . 
 Traduit pour la Republique cubaine et public par le Comity r^volution- 
 naire cubain de Paris. Troyes, G. Arbouin, 1896. 2 p. 1., iii, 52 pp. 15^ 
 cm. 
 
 Cuba contra Espana, por Enrique Jos6 Varona . . . New York, S. Figueroa, 
 
 1895. cover-title, 35 pp. 17^ cm. 
 Vaughan, T. Wayland, and Arthur C. Spencer. The geography of Cuba. 
 
 {In American geographical society. Bulletin, vol. 34, Apr., 1902. pp. 105-116) 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 393 
 
 Verbrugghe, Louis. Promenades et chasses dans I'Amerique du Nord, par Louis & 
 
 Georges Verbrugghe. Paris, 0. L^vy, 1879. 3 p. 1., 351 pp. 18 cm. 
 [Vernon, Edward] Original papers relating to the expedition to the island of Cuba. 
 
 London, Printed for M. Cooper, 1744. 219 pp. 8°. 
 Villa de Moron, Cuba. La Candelaria. Estatutos y reglamento de la Sociedad bene- 
 
 ficia de instruccion y socorrros mutuos ntra. sra. de "La Candelaria" 
 
 Villa de Moron, 1885. (2), 28, (3) pp. sm. 4°. 
 ViNDicAcioN. Cuestion de Cuba, por un espanol cubano. Madrid, Nicanor Perez 
 
 Zulvaga, 1871. 85 pp. 8°. 
 
 Bound with [Betancourt, J. R.] "Las dos banderas." 
 
 ViSes, Benito. Apuntes relatives a los huracanes de las Antillas en septiembre y 
 octubre de 1875 y 76. Discurso leido en la Real Academia de Ciencias 
 medicas, fisicas y naturales de la Habana. Habana, Tip. "El Iris," 1877. 
 256+ (2) pp., plan. 8°. 
 
 Investigaciones relativas -A la circulacion ciclonica en los huracanes de las 
 
 Antillas. Habana, 1895. 79 pp. 8°. 
 
 VivES, Francisco Dionisio. Relacion historica de los beneficios hechos d la Eeal 
 Sociedad econofaica, casa de beneficencia y demds dependencias de aquel 
 cuerpo. Habana, 1832. (4), 36, (1) pp. f°. 
 
 Vivian, Thomas J [ondrie] and Smith, Ruel P. Everything about our new posses- 
 sions. Being a handy book on Cuba, Porto Rico, Hawaii, and the Philip- 
 pines. New York, R. F. Fenno & co., 1899. 182 pp. 12°. 
 
 Wade, Mrs. Mary Hazelton ( Blanchard ) , 1860- Our little Cuban cousin, by Mary 
 Hazelton Wade; illustrated by L. J. Bridgman. Boston, L. C. Page & com- 
 pany, 1902. vii pp., 2 1., 9-106 pp. front., pi. 20cm. (The little cousin 
 series) 
 
 Wallace, Caroline L. Santiago de Cuba before the war; or, Recuerdos de Santiago. 
 London and New York, F. T. Neely [1899] 1 p. I., 95 pp. 12°. (Neely's 
 booklet library, no. 4) 
 
 Walton, Clifford Stevens. The civil law in Spain and Spanish-America, including 
 Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Philippine islands, and the Spanish civil code in 
 force, annotated and with references to the civil code of Mexico, Central 
 and South America . . . Washington, D. C, W. H. Lowdermilk & co., 
 1900. xix, 672 pp. 8°. 
 
 White, Trumbull, 1868- Our new possessions ... A graphic account, descriptive 
 and historical, of the tropic islands of the sea which have fallen under 
 our sway. Book i. The Philippine Islands. Book ii. Puerto Rico. 
 Book III. Cuba. Book iv. The Hawaiian Islands ... By Trumbull 
 White... Chicago, The Henry publishing CO., 1901. 23 pp., 11., 33-676 
 pp. incl. plates, maps, front., plates, map. 24J cm. 
 
 Our war with Spain for Cuba's freedom . . . Including a description and 
 
 history of Cuba, Spain, Philippine Islands, our army and navy . . . and 
 ourrelations with other nations, etc., etc. . . . Chicago and Philadelphia, 
 Monarch book co. [1898] 416 pp. pi., port., map. 8°. 
 
 Wilcox, Marrion. A short history of the war with Spain. New York, F. A. 
 Stokes CO. [1898] 1 p. 1., vi., 350 pp. 12°. 
 
 Willis, Nathaniel Parker. Health trip to the Tropics. New York, 1853. 421, 
 (1), xxiii pp. 12°. 
 
 Pages 278-293 contain an account of visit to Habana. 
 
 Wilson, James H. Trade with the Tropics. An address . . . before the American 
 Free Trade League Nov. 9, 1901. [Boston, American free trade league, 
 1901] 23 pp. 8°. 
 
394 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Wilson, Thomas William. An authentic narrative of the piratical descents upon 
 Cuba made by hordes from the United States, headed by Narciso Lopez, 
 a native of South America; to w^hich are added some interesting letters 
 and declarations from the prisoners, with a list of their names, etc. 
 Havana, September, 1851. 44 pp. 8°. 
 
 The island of Cuba in 1850; being a description 6i the island, its resources, 
 
 productions, commerce, etc., by Thomas W. Wilson. New Orleans, 
 Printing office of "La Patria," 1850. 20 pp. 8°. 
 
 A WINTER in the' West Indies and Florida; containing general observations upon 
 modes of traveling, manners and customs, climates and productions, with 
 a particular description of St. Croix, Trinidad de Cuba, Havana, Key 
 West, and St. Augustine, as places of resort for northern invalids. By an 
 invalid. New- York, Wiley and Putnam, 1839. xi, [13]-199 pp. 16°. 
 
 [Woodruff, Julia Louisa Matilda] My winter in Cuba. By W. M. L. Jay 
 [pseud.] . . . New York, E. P. Dutton & co. ; Hartford, Church press, 
 1871. vi, [7]-296 pp. 12°. 
 
 Wright, Benjamin H[all] Informe sobre el camino de hierro de Puerto Principe 
 A Nuevitas. Puerto Principe, Impr. de Gobierno y Real hacienda, 1837. 
 12 pp. 12°. 
 
 [Wurdiman, F.] Notes on Cuba, eontaining an account of its discovery and early 
 history; a description of the face of the country, its population, resources, 
 and wealth; its institutions, and the manners and customs of its inhabi- 
 tants. With directions to travelers . . . By a physician . . . Boston, 
 J. Munroeand co., 1844. x, 359, [1] pp. 12°. 
 
 The "notes" appeared first (in slightly different form) in "The Magnolia or Southern 
 Apalachian," Charleston, U. S., vol. 2, no. 6, June 1843, p. 368. 
 
 Z., A. Esposicion sobre las analogias i diferencias que se versan entre el contrato de 
 letras de cambio i las libranzas, vales 6 pagares d la orden, que proceden 
 de operaciones mercantiles. Formada por A. Z. Habana, Imprenta de 
 R. Oliva, 1838. 14 pp. 12°. 
 
 Zambrana, Antonio. La republica de Cuba. N. Ponce de Leon, New York, [1873?]. 
 iv, 119 pp. 16°. 
 
 Introduction by E. Piiieyro dated 1873. 
 
 Zambrana, Ram6n. Elogio del Senor Don Alejandro Ramirez, intendente de la 
 Habana, leido A la Rl. sociedad econumica ... 13 de diciembre de 1855. 
 Habana, Imp. del Tiempo, 1856. 14 pp. 8°. 
 
 Zaragoza, Justo. Las insurrecciones en Cuba. Apuntes para la historia politica de 
 esta isla en el presente siglo, por D. Justo Zaragoza . . . Madrid, Impr. 
 de M. G. Hernandez, 1872-73. 2 v. 23J cm. 
 
 Zayas [y Jimenez], Francisco. Politica agricola de la republica. Nuevo m^todo 
 de siembras y cultivo de la cafia de azucar, por el Dr. Francisco Zayas, 
 socio de merito y presidente de honor de la Liga agraria de la republica de 
 Cuba. Habana, Impr. "La Prueba," 1904. 91pp. plates, port. 27^ cm. 
 
 Zequeira-y Arango, Manuel de. El triunfo de la lyra. Poema. Havana: en la 
 imprenta de la capitania general, 1805. 36 pp. 8°. 
 
 Ziegler, Alexa-nder. Skizzen einer reise durch Nordamerika und Westindien, mit 
 besonderer berucksichtigung des deutschen elements ... in dem neuen 
 staate Wisconsin, von Alexander Ziegler . . . Dresden und Leipzig, 
 Arnold, 1848. 2 v. in 1. 18^ c:m. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 395 
 
 WAR IN CUBA, 1898. 
 
 Abbot, Willis John, 1863- Blue jackets of '98; a history of the Spanish-American 
 
 war. New York, Dodcl, Mead & co., 1899. x, 367 pp. pi. 8°. 
 Alger, R[ussbll] A[LEXANr)ER] The Spanish- American war, by R. A. Alger . . . 
 New York and London, Harper & bros., 1901. vi, [1] p., 3 1., 465, [1] pp. 
 front, (port.) maps. 23cm. - 
 
 Amador y Carrandi, Ernesto. La guerra hispano-americana ante el derecho inter- 
 nacional; con un prologo de D. Isern. Madrid, Impr. de la viuda de 
 M. Minuesa de los Rios, 1900. xv, 218 pp. 8°. 
 America's war for humanity related in story and picture, embracing a complete his- 
 tory of Cuba's struggle for liberty, and the glorious heroism of America's 
 soldiers and sailors. Compiled from the letters and personal experience of 
 noted writers and correspondents . . . Introduction by J. J. Ingalls . . . 
 NewYorkandSt.Louis,N. D.Thompson pub. CO., 1898. 560pp. illus. 8°. 
 American National Red Cross Relief Committee. Reports; May, 1898, March, 
 1899. [New York, The Knickerbocker press, 1899] vi, 320 pp. tab. 
 23J cm. 
 The . American-Spanish war: a history by the war leaders . . . Norwich, Conn., 
 C. C. Haskell & son, 1899. 607 pp. pi. port. 8°. 
 
 Co?iie?i<s.— Woodford , S. L. Introduction. — Garcia, C. History of former Cuban wars. — 
 Garcia, C. Cuba against Spain. 1895 to 1898. — Holman, F. \V. The destruction of the 
 Maine. — Calkins, C. G. Tlie naval battle of Manila Bay. — Kelly, P. Statement of the 
 sinking of the Merrimac. — Radford, C. S., and Crank, R. K. The story of the Texas. — 
 Evans, B. D. The naval battle of Santiago.— Allen, W. H. The voyage of the Ore- 
 gon. — Shafter, W. R. The Santiago campaign. — Whitney, H. H. Miles's campaign in 
 Puerto Rico.— Taylor, H. C. The blockade of Cuba.— Cullom, S. M. The annexation 
 of Hawaii.— Merritt.W. The Manila campaign.— Heath, P. S. The work of the Presi- 
 dent. — Daniel, J. W. War legislation of xlie Senate.— Dingley, N. Providing the 
 "sinews of war." — Long, J. D. The Navy department in the war. — Gage, L. J. Work 
 , of the Treasury department. — Wood, L. U. S. military government of Santiago. — 
 
 Palma, T. E. The work of the Cuban d(!legation. — Wilkie, J. E. The secret service 
 in the war. — Draper, Mrs. Amos G. Woman's work in the war. — Howard, O. O. Army 
 and navy Christian commission. — Moore, J. B. The treaty of peace. — McCarthy, J. 
 What England feels. — Miles, N. A. The work of the army as a whole. — Proctor, R. 
 Speech. — Messages, state papers, etc. 
 
 [Anderson, Arthur C, and Briner, Charles H.] "K" company, 71st regiment, 
 New York volunteers; a record of its experience and services during the 
 Spanish-American war, and a memorial to its dead. [New York, C. H. 
 Scott, 1900] 57 pp. front., pi. obi. 16°. 
 
 Atkins, John Black. The war in Cuba; the experiences of an Englishman with 
 the United States army, by John Black Atkins . . . London, Smith, 
 Elder & co., 1899. x, 291 pp. front., fold. maps. 19 J cm. 
 
 Austin, Oscar Phelps. . . . Uncle Sam's soldiers; a story of the war with Spain, 
 by Oscar Phelps Austin . . . New York, D. Appleton and company, 
 1899. xxiii, 346 pp. front., illus. 18J cm. (Added t. -p.: Appleton's 
 home reading books. Division 3. Social science) 
 Series title also at head of t.-p. 
 
 [Bartholomew, Fred R.] Cartoons of the Spanish- American war, by Bart \_pseud.'\ 
 with dates of important events; from the Minneapolis Journal, January, 
 1899. Minneapolis, The Journal printing co., 1899 [160] pp. illus. 
 sq. 8°. (The library of Journal extras) 
 
 Beebe, Mabel Borton. The story of Admiral Dewey and our navy of 1898; for 
 young readers. New York, Chicago [etc.] Werner school book co. [1899] 
 64 pp. illus. 16°. (Baldwin's biographical booklets) 
 
 Biederwolf, ■W[illiam] E[dward] History of the One hundred and sixty-first 
 regiment Indiana volunteer infantry. LoganspOrt, Ind., Wilson, Hum- 
 phreys & co. , 1899. 450 pp. illus. 8°. 
 
396 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 BiGELOw, John, jr. Reminiscences of the Santiago campaign. New York and 
 
 London, Harper & bros., 1899. vi pp., 1 1., 187, [1] pp. map. 12°. 
 Bolton, H [grace] W., ed. History of the Second .regiment Illinois volunteer 
 
 infantry from organization to muster out. Chicago, R. R. Donnelley & 
 
 sons CO. , 1899. 2 pp. 1., 444 pp. illus. port. 8°. 
 BoNSAL, Stephen. The fight for Santiago; the story of the soldier in the Cuban 
 
 campaign, from Tampa to the surrender . . . New York, Doubleday & 
 
 McClure CO., 1899. xxviii, 543 pp. pi. maps. 8°. 
 Brooks, Elbridge S[treeter] 1846-1902. The story of our war with Spain. 
 
 Boston, Lothrop pub. co. [1899-] xi p., 11., 9-349 pp. illus. 8°. 
 BuEL, J[ames] W[illiam] . . . Our late wars; Spain and our new possessions by 
 
 J. W. Buel, and M. J. Wright. De luxe library ed. [Washington, D. C, 
 
 American historical society, 1900] xxxi, 33-474 pp., front., pi. 8°. 
 
 (Library of American history, v. 4) 
 Buffalo express. The Buffalo illustrated express souvenir of the war with Spain; 
 
 the complete pictorial story of naval and military operations . . . Issued 
 
 weekly. Aug. 15-Oct. 31, 1898; v. 1, nos. 1-12. Buffalo, N. Y., The 
 
 Express; G. E. Matthews & co., 1898. cover-title, 192 pp., illus. (incl. 
 
 ports., maps) 29x42 cm. 
 Illustrated covers. 
 
 BuJAC, [Jean Leopold] E[mile] 1852- . . . La guerre hispano-americaine. Paris, 
 H. Charles-Lavauzelle [1899] 420 pp., incl. illus., maps (3 double), plans 
 (4 double) fold. map. 22 cm. ( S's Precis du quelques campagnes con- 
 temporaines. iv) 
 
 Butler, Charles Henry, 1859- The responsibility of Spain for the destruction of 
 the United States battle|^ip Maine in Havana harbor, February 15, 1898, 
 and the assumption by the United States, under the treaty of 1898, of 
 Spain's pecuniary liability for the injuries to, and deaths of, her officers 
 and crew. Argument of Charles Henry Butler, b'efore the Spanish treaty 
 claims commission, December 18-21, 1901, on behalf of claimants repre- 
 sented by Butler & Harwood. New York, The Evening Post job printing 
 house, 1902. 1 p. 1., vi, 94 pp. 27 cm. 
 
 [Cammann, William C, and others] eds. The history of Troop A, New York 
 cavalry, U. S. V., from May 2 to November 28, 1898, in the Spanish- 
 American war. Published by the troop for private circulation. New 
 York, R. H. Russell, 1899. 2 p. 1., 341 [1] pp., 3 1., illus., pi., port, 
 maps. 8°. 
 
 Carter, W[illiam] H[arding] From Yorktown to Santiago with the Sixth U. S. 
 cavalry, by Lieutenant-colonel W. H. Carter . . . Baltimore, The 
 Friedenwald co., 1900. vi pp., 1 1., 317 pp., front., pi. 23 J cm. 
 
 Subject entries: 1. U. S. cavalry, 6th reg't, 1861- 2. U. S. — Hist. — Civil war — Regimental 
 histories — U. S. cavalry — 6th reg't. 3. U. S. — War of 1898 — Regimental histories — 
 U. S. cavalry — 6th reg't. 
 
 Cartoons of the war of 1898 with Spain; from leading foreign and American papers. 
 Chicago, Belford, Middlebrook & co., 1898. [182] pp. illus. obi. 12°. 
 
 Cervera y Topete, Pascual, 1839- Guerra hispano-americana; coleccion de docu- 
 mentos referentes d, la escuadra de operaciones de las Antillas ... El 
 Ferrol, Impr. de "El Correo gallego," 1899. 218 pp. 24 cm. 
 
 . . . The Spanish- American war. A collection of documents relative to the 
 
 squadron operations in the West Indies. Arranged by Rear- Admiral Pas- 
 cual Cervera y Topete. Translated from the Spanish. Office of naval 
 intelligence. Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 165 pp. 
 242 cm. (U.S. Office of naval intelligence. Information from abroad. 
 War notes, no. vii) 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 397 
 
 Oeevera y Topete, Pascual, 1839- . . . Views of Admiral Cervera regarding the 
 Spanish navy in the late war; November, 1898 . . . Washington, Gov- 
 ernment printing office, 1898. 24 pp. 24 J cm. (IT. S. Office of naval 
 intelligence. Information from abroad) 
 
 The Chicago Record's war stories; by staff ^respondents in the field . . . [Chi- 
 cago] Reprinted from the Chicago record, 1898. 256 pp., illus. 8°. (The 
 Chicago quarterly of the Chicago record and the Chicago daily news. 
 V. 6, no. 1) 
 
 CoNCAs Y Palau, Victor M. La escuadra del almirante Cervera ... 2. ed., cor. y 
 aumentada. Madrid, San Martin [1899] 248 pp. maps. 23 cm. 
 
 . . . The squadron of Admiral Cervera, by Captain Victor M. Concas y 
 
 Palau . . . Translated from the Spanish. Office of naval intelligence. 
 Washington, Government printing office, 1900. 117 pp. 23^ cm. (U.S. 
 Office of naval intelligence. Information from abroad. War notes, no. 
 
 VIIl) 
 
 Also issued as pt. viii of Senate Doc. No. 388, 56th Cong., 1st sess. 
 
 Connecticut. Adjutant-general. Roster of Connecticut volunteers who served in 
 the war between the United States and Spain 1898-1899. Hartford, Conn., 
 The Case, Lockwood & Brainard co., 1899. 42 pp. 23 cm. 
 
 CoRzo, IsiDORO. Cervera y su escuadra; consideraciones sobre el desastre de Santiago 
 de Cuba de 3 de julio de 1898, por Isidoro Corzo, director de "La Union 
 espaiiola" de laHabana. Habana, Tip. "La Union," 1901. 170 pp., 21., 
 pi., port. I62- cm. 
 
 CosTON, W[illiam] Hilary. The Spanish-American war volunteer; Ninth United 
 States volunteer infantry roster and muster, biographies, Cuban sketches. 
 Middletown, Pa., The author, 1899. i39 pp. illus. 8°. 
 
 Creager, Charles E. The Fourteenth Ohio national guard — the Fourth Ohio vol- 
 unteer infantry. A complete record of this organization from its founda- 
 tion to the present day. With full account of strike, riot, and compli- 
 mentary duty, and the campaign in the Spanish-American war . . . 
 Columbus, O., The London printing and pub. co., 1899. 330 pp. pi., 
 port. 8°. 
 
 CuGLE, Frances, comp. A brief history of the Spanish-American war; February, 
 1895, August, 1898. [Harrisburg, Pa., Kurzenknabe press, 1898] 91 
 pp. 8° 
 
 D., commandant. Remarques sur la guerre hispano-americaine, par le commandant 
 D. Paris, R. Chapelot, 1899. 36 pp. 22J cm. 
 
 DoDsoN, W[illiam] C[arey] 1846- ed. Campaigns of Wheeler and his cavalry, 
 1862-1865, from material furnished by Gen. Joseph Wheeler, to which is 
 added his concise and graphic account of the Santiago campaign of 1898. 
 Published under the auspices of Wheeler's Confederate cavalry associa- 
 tion and ed. by W. C. Dodson, historian. Atlanta, Ga., Hudgins pub. 
 CO., 1899. 2 pts. in 1 v. front., pi., port. 24^ cm. 
 
 "The facts contained in this narrative of the operations of Wheeler and his cavalry 
 were furnished by General Wheeler, and compiled by Cols. William E. Wailes, E. S. 
 Burford, W. S. Hawkins, M. G. Hudson, and others of General Wheeler's staff, 
 immediately after the close of the civil war." — Preface. 
 
 Draper, Andrew S[loan] 1848- The rescue of Cuba; an episode in the growth of 
 free government. Boston, New York [etc.] Silver, Burdett & co., 1899. 
 186 pp. p]., port., maps. 12°. 
 
 Edwards, Frank E. The '98 campaign of the 6th Massachusetts, U. S. V., by 
 Lieut. Frank E. Edwards. With 79 illustrations from original photo- 
 graphs. Boston, Little, Brown and company, 1899. xix, 360 pp. incl. 
 illus. , pis. , ports. , map. , front. 20J cm. 
 
398 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 FiALA, Anthony. Troop C in service; an account of the part played by Troop 
 
 C of the New York vokinteer cavalry in the Spanish-American war of 
 
 1898 . . . With contributions by R. H. .Davis, Major Flagler . . . F. 
 
 Clarkin, and R. H. Haskell. [Brooklyn, N. Y. , Eagle press, 1899] 154 pp. , 
 
 3 1., illus., pi., port., map.* 4°. 
 Frye, James A [lbert] The First regiment Massachusetts heavy artillery, United 
 
 States volunteers, in the Spanish- American war of 1898; with regimental 
 
 roster and muster rolls . . . Boston, The Colonial co., 1899. xvi, 258 pp. 
 
 illus. 8°. 
 Fulton, Robert I[rving] and Trueblood, Thomas C, comj). Patriotic eloquence 
 
 relating to the Spanish- American war and its issues. New York, C. Scrib- 
 
 ner's sons, 1900. xi, 364 pp. 12°. 
 GiDDiNGs, Howard A. Exploits of the signal corps in the war with Spain. Kansas 
 
 City, Mo., Hudson-Kimberly pub. co., 1900. [5]-126 pp., incl. pi., port., 
 
 front. 16°. 
 GiRARD, Alfred C. The management of Camp Alger and Camp Meade. [New 
 
 York? 1898] 9 pp. 19 cm. 
 
 Reprinted from New York Medical Journal for September 24, 1898. 
 
 Gloucester (U. S. gunboat) Log of the U. S. gunboat Gloucester, commanded by 
 . . . Richard Wainwright, and the official reports of the principal events 
 of her cruise during the late war with Spain. Annapolis, Md., U. S. 
 naval institute, 1899. 188 pp., pL, port. 8°. 
 
 GooDE, W[illiam] A[thelstane] M[eredith] With Sampson through the war, by 
 W. A. M. Goode; being an account of the naval operations of the North 
 Atlantic squadron during the Spanish-American war of 1898. With con- 
 tributed chapters by Rear- Admiral Sampson, U. S. N., Captain Robley D. 
 Evans, U. S. N., Commander C. C. Todd, U. S. N. New York, Double- 
 day & McClure co., 1899. 5 p. 1., 307 pp. front., 15 plates (incl. ports.), 
 map, 2 charts (1 fold.) 23 J cm. 
 
 Hall, Thomas [Winthrop] The fun and fighting of the Rough riders; by Tom 
 Hall . . . New York, F. A. Stokes co. [1899] 3 p. 1., viii, 242 pp. 12°. 
 
 Halstead, Murat, 1829- Full official history of the war with Spain; written over 
 the wires in the discharge of public duty, by the highest authorities of the 
 government . . . Chicago, The Dominion co., 1899. 2 p. 1., 13-794 pp. 
 illus., pi. 8°. 
 
 . . . The history of American expansion and the story of our new pos- 
 sessions. The Spanish-American war and the heroes of '98 . . . [n. p.] 
 The United subscription book publishers of America [1898] 712, ix pp. 
 illus., pi. 8°. 
 
 Hannapord, E. The handy war book, containing authentic information and statis- 
 tics on subjects relating to the war . . . also a brief history of Cuba, Porto 
 Rico, the Philippines, and other islands. With accurate war maps and 
 photographic pictures of U. S. war vessels. By Lieut. E. Hannaford . . . 
 Springfield, 0., Mast, Crowell & Kirkpatrick [1898] 80 pp. illus., fold, 
 map. 19^ cm. 
 
 Harper's pictorial history of the war with Spain; with an introduction by . . . 
 N. A. Miles. New York and London, Harper & bros., 1899. 2 v. illus., 
 pi., maps. fol. 
 
 Hemlandet company, Chicago. Hemlandets krigsbilder fran Cuba, Porto Rico och 
 ""ilil)pinerna: jilnite historiska och geografiska upplysningar samt med- 
 delanden fran kriget niellan Forenta Staterna och Spanien 1898 . . . 
 Chicago, Hemlandet company [1898] 1 p. 1., [165] p. incl. illus., port. 
 262 X 34^ cm. 
 
 161 numb, illus. on as many pages, with lettterpress at foot of page and table of con- 
 tents in Swedish and English. 
 
HAT^DBOOK OF CUBA. 399 
 
 Hemment, John C. Cannon and camera; sea and land battles of the Spanish- 
 American war in Cuba; camp life, and the return of the soldiers. 
 Described and illustrated by J. C. Hemment . . . with index, and an 
 introduction by W. I. L. Adams. New York, D. Appleton & co., 1898. 
 xxi, 282 pp. pi. 8°. 
 
 Hero tales of the American soldier and sailor as told by the heroes themselves and 
 their comrades. The story of our great wars. New York, W. W. Wilson 
 [1899] X, [33]-504 pp. col. front., illus., plates (1 fold.) maps. 25 x 
 19J cm. 
 
 Preface signed: J. W. Buel. 
 
 History of the Spanish- American war, with handy atlas maps and full description 
 of recently acquired United States territory . . . Chicftgo and New York, 
 Rand, McNally & co., 1898. 1 p. 1., 16 pp. illus. f°. 
 
 ( With Rand, McNally & eo. Rand, McNally & co.'s universal atlas of the world. 
 [1899].) 
 
 HoBSON, Richmond Pearson, 1870- The sinking of the "Merrimac;" a personal 
 narrative of the adventure in the harbor of Santiago de Cuba, June 3, 1898, 
 and of the subsequent imprisonment of the survivors. New York, The 
 Century co., 1899. xiv pp., 1 1., 306 pp. illus., port. 8°. 
 
 Holmes, Prescott. Young people's history of the war with Spain . . . Philadel- 
 phia, H. Altemus [1900] 184 pp. inch front., illus. sq. 16°. (Altemus' 
 young people's library) 
 
 Howard, Oliver Otis, 1830- Fighting for humanity; or. Camp and quarter-deck. 
 London and New York, F. T. Neely [1898] xvi, 5-221 pp. 12°. 
 
 HuLST, J[ohn] B.- Het verdrukte Cuba en zijne verlossing, of De geschiedenis van 
 
 Cuba, vanaf zijne ontdekking tot aan zijne bevrijding van Spanje's juk, 
 
 alsook van den Spaansch-Amerikaanschen oorlog, op eenvoudige wijze 
 
 . verteld aan het Nederlandsch volk. Grand Rapids, Mich., J. B. Hulst 
 
 [1898] 263, [1] pp. 12°. 
 
 Illinois. Adjutant-general' s office. Roster of Illinois volunteers, American-Spanish 
 war 1898-99, with historical sketches from the time of mobilization to 
 muster into the United States service . . . By . . . J. N. Reece, adju- 
 tant-general . . . 
 
 {In Report of the adjutant general . . . Rev. by J. N. Reece. Springfield, 1900-2. 
 22 cm. V . 9, Record of the services of Illinois soldiers in the Black Hawk war 1831-32, 
 and in the Mexican war 1846-48, pp. [345] -684, 11.) 
 
 Indiana. Adjutant-general's office. Record of Indiana volunteers in the Spanish- 
 American war 1898-99; issued by authority of the sixty-first General 
 assembly of Indiana . . . Indianapolis, W. B. Burford, 1900. 368 pp. 
 front. 8°. 
 
 J[acobsen, Hermann] . . . Sketches from the Spanish-American war. By Com- 
 mander J. . . . Translated from the German . . . Washington, Gov- 
 ernment printing office, 1899. 2 pts. illus., maps. 23 cm. (U. S. 
 Ofiice of naval intelligence. Information from abroad. War notes, no. 
 iii-iv) 
 
 "Translated from the Marine-Rundschau" ... 
 
 Johnson, Edward A[ugustus] History of negro soldiers in the Spanish- American 
 war, and other items of interest. By Edward A. Johnson . . . Raleigh, 
 Capital printing co., 1899. 147 pp. front., plates, ports. 22 cm. 
 
 Johnston, William A. Ilistor}' up to date; a concise account of the war of 1898 
 between the United States and Spain; its causes and the treaty of Paris. 
 New York, A. S. Barnes & co., 1899. xiii, 258 pp. pL, port. 12°. 
 
 [Kaler], James Otis, 1848- The boys of '98, by James Otis [pseud.l illustrated by 
 J. S. Davis, F. T. IWerrill. Boston, D. Estes & co. [1898] ix, 386 pp. pL, 
 port. 8°. 
 
400 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Keenan, Henry F [rancis] The conflict with Spain ; a history of the war based upon 
 ofiicial reports and descriptions of eye-witnesses . . . Philadelphia and 
 Chicago, P. W. Ziegler & CO. [1898] 601pp. illus. 8°. 
 
 Keim, De B[enneville] Eandolph. "The President's war." By De B. Randolph 
 
 Keim. 
 
 (im Frank Leslie's popular monthly. New York, 1900. 24i cm. v. 50, no. 2, pp. [107]- 
 122. illus.) 
 
 Kennan, George, 1845- Campaigning in Cuba, by George Kennan . . . New York, 
 
 The Century co., 1899. v pp., 1 1., 269 pp. 21 cm. 
 King, 'W[illiam] Nephew. The story of the war of 1898, told by W. Nephew King, 
 lieutenant U. S. N. ; illustrated from drawings in black and white, photo- 
 graphs taken at the front and paintings by the best artists . . . New 
 York, P. F. Collier, 1898. 321, [1] pp. illus. inch 17 col. plates. 33J x 
 51j cm. 
 
 CoHtewts.— Author's preface. — Introduction for the Navy, by Captain Robley D. Evans.— 
 Introduction for the Army, by Major-General O. O. Howard. — The story of the war, 
 by Lieutenant W. Nephew King. 
 
 KoENiGSBERG, M[osEs] Southem martyrs. Ahistoryof Alabama's white regiments 
 during the Spanish-American war; touching incidentally on the experi- 
 ences of the entire first division of the seventh army corps. Montgomery, 
 Ala., Brown print CO., 1898. 212 pp. pi. port. 8°. 
 
 Eatheop, Henry M. Under the Red cross; or. The Spanish-American war, as seen 
 by a Red cross surgeon . . . carefully ed. by J. R. Musick . . . New 
 York, F. B. Warner & co., 1898. vii, [1], 287 pp. pi., port. 8°. 
 
 Lebbaud, ;6lie. ... La guerre hispano-americaine et le droit des gens . . . Paris, 
 A. Rousseau, 1904. 2 p. 1., 232 pp. 25 J cm. 
 "Bibliographie": pp. [229] -230. 
 
 Le Fur, L. Etude sur la guerre hispano-americaine de 1898, envisagee au point de 
 vue du droit international public. Paris, A. Redone, 1899. 2 p. 1., 316, 
 xlii pp. 24^ cm. 
 
 Lest we forget. New York, E. R. Herrick & co. [1898] 3 p. 1. 22 pi. obi. 
 
 Coretente.— Plates by various American artists illustrating the Spanish- American war. 
 
 Leslie's official history of the Spanish- American war; a pictorial and descriptive 
 record . . . compiled and written directly from the official records . . . 
 H. P. Mawson, Leslie's weekly; J. W. Buel, historian. [Washington? 
 1899] 612 pp., 1 1. inch front, (port.) illus., pL, maps. fol. 
 Not official. 
 
 Lodge, Henry Cabot, 1850- The war with Spain, by Henry Cabot Lodge. Illus- 
 trated. New York and London, Harper & brothers, 1900. viii, [1], 287, 
 [1] p. front., pis., ports., maps. 21 J cm. 
 
 Lynk, Miles V[andahurst] The black troopers; or, The daring heroism of the 
 negro soldiers in the Spanish-American war . . . Jackson, Tenn., M. V. 
 Lynk pub. house, 1899. 163, [1] pp., 1 1. port. 12°. 
 
 McCooK, Henry C[hristopher] The martial graves of our fallen heroes iu Santiago 
 de Cuba, by Henry C. McCook . . . Philadelphia, G. W. Jacobs & co., 
 1899. 448 pp. illus., pi., port., maps, facsim. 25 cm. 
 
 McOuLLOUGH, J. G. The Spanish war; an address before the Reunion society of 
 Vermont officers, at Montpelier. Oct. 26, 1898. [Montpelier, 1898?] 23 
 pp. 23 cm. 
 
 McNally, B., cmnp. Soldiers and sailors of New Jersey in the Spanish- American 
 war, embracing a chronological account of the army and navy. Newark, 
 N. J., B. McNally, 1898. 46 pp. 26 cm. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 401 
 
 Mahan, A[lfred] T[hayee] 1840- . . . La guerre sur meret ses lemons, par. A. T. 
 Mahan ... Tr. de I'anglais avec I'autorisation de I'auteur, par le comte 
 Alphonse de Dies bach. Paris [etc.] Berger-Levrault & cie. , 1900. 3 p. 1., 
 179 pp., 11. 22^- cm. 
 
 At head of title: Guerre hispano-amSricaine (1898). ■ ' 
 
 Articles du "Times." 
 
 A translation of the leading article in the author's collection ' ' Lessons of the war with 
 Spain and other articles." First pub. in McClure's magazine, Dec, 1898, to Apr., 1899. 
 
 ■ Lessons of the war with Spain, and other articles, by Alfred T. Mahan . . . 
 
 Boston, Little, Brown and company, 1899. xvi pp., 1 1., 320 pp. 2 maps. 
 20 cm. 
 
 CoMten^s.— Lessons of the war with Spain, 1898. — The peace conference and the moral 
 aspect of war. — The relations of the United States to their new dependencies. — Dis- 
 tinguishing qualities of ships of war. — Current fallacies upon naval subjects. 
 
 March, Alden. The history and conquest of the- Philippines and our other island 
 possessions, embracing our war with the Filipinos in 1899 ... an authen- 
 tic history of the Spanish war . . . the history of Cuba, Porto Rico, the 
 Ladrone and the Hawaiian Islands . . . Philadelphia, Chicago [etc.] 
 J. C. Winston & co. [1899] xxii, 25-498 pp. illus., map. 8°. 
 
 Marshall, Edward. The story of the Rough riders, 1st U. S. volunteer cavalry; 
 the regiment in camp and on the battlefield . . . illustrated from photo- 
 graphs taken on the field and with drawings made by R. F. Outcault. 
 New York, G. W. Dillingham CO., 1899. 320 pp. illus. 8°. 
 
 Massachusetts Reform Club. Report of the committee of the Massachusetts reform 
 club appointed to collect testimony in relation to the Spanish-American 
 war 1898-1899. Boston, G. H. Ellis, printer, 1899. 57 pp. 23 cm. 
 
 Meldrum T[homas] M[illar] The Cuban campaign of the First infantry Illinois 
 volunteers April 25-September 9, 1898. Illustrated with a series of views 
 , taken by . . . C. S. AVagar . . . Chicago? 1899. 2 p. 1., 2 p., 1 1. 108 
 pi. 18^x26 cm. 
 
 Mendoza y Vizcaino, Enrique. Historia de la guerra hispano-americana, escrita 
 por Enrique Mendoza y Vizcaino. Con un prologo del Sr. Francisco G. 
 Cosmes, colaboracion del Sr. Alberto Leduc. Seguida de algunas pro- 
 testas de las colonias espanolas en Mexico. 2. ed. Mexico, A. Barral y 
 compaiiia, 1898. 1 p. 1., 244 pp. 23 J cm. 
 
 Merchan, Rafael M. La redencion de un mondo. Bogota, Colombia, La Luz, 
 1898. 15 pp. 19 cm. 
 
 Artlculo publicado en el Repertorio colombiano, entrega de mayo de 1898. 
 
 . . . Michigan volitnteers of '98; a complete photographic record of Michigan's 
 part in the Spanish- American war of 1898. (Official souvenir) Detroit, 
 Mich., G. F. Sterling & co. [1898] [102] pp. illus., pi. obi. 8°. 
 
 A military album, containing over one thousand portraits of commissioned ofiicers 
 who served in the Spanish- American war. New York, L. R. Hamersly co., 
 1902. 262 pp. incl. port. 27 cm. 
 
 Military order of the loyal legion of the United States. Minnesota com- 
 mandery. Glimpses of the nation's struggle. l8t-4th series. Papers read 
 before the Minnesota commandery of the Military order of the loyal legion 
 of the United States, 1887-1897. Published for the commandery, by E. C. 
 Mason, E. Torrance, D. L. Kingsbury, committee. St. Paul, H. L. Col- 
 lins co., 1887-98. 4v. illus., fold, map, plan. 23 cm. 
 
 Moffatt, James Stanley. A brief history of the conflict between the United States 
 and Spain, 1898 . . . Eustis, Fla,, Hull printing co., 1899. 50 pp. illus. 
 pi. 12°. 
 
 159a— 05 26 
 
402 HAISTDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Morris, Charles, 1833- The war with Spain; a complete history of the war of 1898 
 between the United States and Spain . . . Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott 
 CO., 1899 [1898] 383 pp. pi., port., maps. 12°. 
 
 Moss, James A. Memories of the campaign of Santiago. June 6, 1898, Aug. 18, 
 1898. [San Francisco, The Mysell- Rollins CO., 1899] 60 pp., 41. illus., 
 maps. 4°. 
 
 MusGRAVE, George Clarke. Under three flags in Cuba; a personal account of the 
 Cuban insurrection and Spanish- American war . . . Boston, Little, Brown 
 & CO., 1899. XV, 365 pp. front., pi., port. 12°. 
 
 MusiCK, John R[oy] 1849-1901. History of the war with Spain. With a complete 
 record of its causes, with incidents of the struggle for supremacy in the 
 western hemisphere. By John R. Musick . . . New York, J. S. Ogilvie 
 publishing company [1898] v p., 1 1., 33-468 pp. front., pi., port. 22cm. 
 
 Lights and shadows of our war with Spain. A series of historical sketches, 
 
 incidents, anecdotes, and personal experiences in the Hispano- American 
 war. Written and compiled by John R. Musick . . . New York, J. S. 
 Ogilvie publishing company, 1898. vi, [7]-224 pp. 2 port. (incl. front.) 
 20 cm. (The peerless series, no. 109) 
 MtJLLER Y Tejeiro, Josr. . . . Battles and capitulation of Santiago de Cuba . . . 
 Translated from the Spanish . . . Washington, Government printing 
 oflB.ce, 1898. vi, 108 pp. maps. 24 cm. ([U. S. Oflice of naval intel- 
 ligence] Information from abroad) 
 
 Translation of a part of the author's " Combates y capitulacion de Santiago de Cuba." 
 
 . . . Battles and capitulation of Santiago de Cuba. (Completed) By 
 
 Lieutenant Jose Milller y Tejeiro . . . Translated from the Spanish. 
 Navy department. Office of naval intelligence. Washington, Government 
 printing office, 1899. 165 pp. maps. 23i cm. (U. S. Office of naval 
 intelligence. Information from abroad. War notes, no. 1) 
 
 "Chapters 1-3 of the original are omitted from this translation." — Catalogue of U. S. 
 pub. doc. 1899-1900. 
 
 Combates y capitulacion de Santiago de Cuba . . . Madrid, F. Marques, 
 
 1898. 280 pp. maps. 23^ cm. 
 [Neil, Henry] 1863- ed. ... Exciting experiences in our wars with Spain, and 
 the Filipinos, ed. by Marshall Everett [pseud.] . . . Including the offi- 
 cial history of our war with Spain, by Wm. McKinley . . . Chicago, 
 111., Book publishers union, 1899. 415, [32] pp. incl. illus., plates, ports, 
 front., plates. 25 cm. 
 
 At head of title: Official autograph edition. 
 
 Nelan, Charles. Cartoons of our war with Spain. New York, F. A. Stokes co., 
 1898. [64] pp. illus. obi. 4°. 
 
 New York (State) Adjutant-general's office. New York in the Spanish-American 
 war, 1898. Rev. ed. Part of the report of the adjutant-general of the 
 state. Transmitted to the Legislature of 1902 . . . Albany, J. B. Lyon 
 company, state printers, 1902. 3 v. front, (port. ) pi. 235 cm. 
 
 State historian. New York and the war with Spain. History of the Empire 
 
 state regiments. Published under the direction of the state historian. 
 Albany, The Argus company, printers, 1903. 3 p. 1., 429, 192 pp. front., 
 • pis., ports. 23 cm. 
 
 Running title: Annual report of the state historian. 
 Issued also as Assembly doc, 1903, no. 68. 
 
 Includes "My memoirs of the military history of the state of New York during the 
 war for the Union, 1861-65, by Colonel Silas W. Burt . . . Edited by the state his- 
 torian, and issued as War of the rebellion series — Bulletin, no. 1." 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 403 
 
 NoKTH Carolina. Adjutant-general's office. Roster of the North CaroUna volun- 
 teers in the Spanish-American war, 1898-1899 . . . Ealeigh, Edwards & 
 Broughton [etc.] 1900. 131pp. 8°. 
 
 Nunez, Severo Gomez. La guerra' hispano-americana; Santiago de Cuba . . . por 
 Severe Gomez Niinez . . . Madrid, Imp. del Cuerpo de artilleria, 1901. 
 242 pp. pL, port., maps, plans. 19 cm. 
 
 Gates, William C[alvin] 1835- The war between the union and the confederacy 
 and its lost opportunities, with a history of the 15th Alabama regiment 
 and the forty-eight battles in which it was engaged . . . the war between 
 the United States and Spain, by William C. Gates . . . 5th thousand. 
 New York and Washington, The Neale publishing company, 1905. xxiv, 
 [25]-808 pp. front., plates, ports. 23 cm. 
 
 The official and pictorial record of the story of American expansion, portray- 
 ing the crowning achievements of the McKinley-Roosevelt administra- 
 tions, with fullest information respecting the original thirteen states; the 
 several cessions and annexations, including Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, 
 the Philippines, Samoa, and Panama canal, embellished with fifteen hun- 
 dred original illustrations . . . Comp. and written directly from the 
 official records at Washington . . . Washington, M. J. Wright, 1904. 
 2 V. fronts., illus. (partly col.) plates, ports., maps. 485 cm. 
 Paged continuously; v. 1: 6 p. 1., 320 pp.; v. 2: viii, 321-641, [2], 9-16 p. 
 
 Ghio. Adjutant-general. Roster of Ghio volunteers in the service of the United 
 States, war with Spain. Prepared under direction of Herbert B. Kings- 
 ley, adjutant-general of Ohio. Columbus, Ghio, J. L. Trauger, 1898. 184 
 pp. 25 cm. 
 
 Gjetti, Ugo. L' America vittoriosa. Milano, Fratelli Treves, 1899. 4 p. 1., 343 pp. 
 12°. 
 
 Gliver, William H., jr. Roughing it with the regulars. By Wm. H. Gliver, jr. . . . 
 • New York, W. F. Parr [n901] 226 pp. front, (port.) pi. 19 cm. 
 
 Gllero, Andres F. . . . Teatro de la guerra. Descripcion geografica, historica, 
 estadistica, militar y marftima de las islas de Cabo- Verde, la Martinica, 
 Puerto-Rico, Cuba, Filipinas y los Estados Unidos. [Madrid, 1898] 45 
 pp., 1 1. fold. map. 21^^ cm. 
 Cover-title. 
 
 Gregon. Adjutant-general's office. The official records of the Gregon volunteers in 
 the Spanish war and Philippine insurrection. Comp. by Brigadier-General 
 0. U. Gantenbein, adjutant-general . . . Salem, Greg., W. H. Leeds, 
 state printer, 1902. xv, 700 pp. front, (port.) pL, facsim. 24 cm. 
 
 Parker, James. A review of the naval campaign of 1898, in the pursuit and de- 
 struction of the Spanish fleet, commanded by Admiral Cervera. [n. p.] 
 1900. 64 pp. diagr. 8°. 
 
 Parker, John H[enry] History of the Gatling gun detachment. Fifth army corps, 
 at Santiago, with a few unvarnished truths concerning that expedition. 
 Kansas City, Mo., Hudson-Kimberly pub. CO. [1898] 274pp. pi., port., 
 map. 12°. 
 
 Pennsylvania. Adjutant-general's office. Record of Pennsylvania volunteers in 
 the Spanish- American war, 1898. Published under the provisions of the 
 act of assembly, approved April 13, 1899. Comp. under the supervision 
 of Thomas J. Stewart, adjutant-general. [Harrisburg] W. S. Ray, state 
 printer, 1900. 1 p. L, 952 pp. fold. tab. 25 cm. 
 
 Pierce, Frederick E [verett] 1862- Reminiscences of the experiences of Company L, 
 Second regiment Massachusetts infantry, U. S. V., in the Spanish-American 
 war. By Major Frederick E. Pierce . . . Greenfield, Mass., Press of 
 E. a. Hall & CO., 1900. vii, 124 pp. front., 48 pi. (incl. port., port, groups) 
 map, plan, 2 facsims. 23 cm. 
 
404 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Pluddemann [Max] . . . Comments of Rear-Admiral Pliiddemann, German navy, 
 on the main features of the war with Spain. Translated from the German 
 ... Washington, Gov't print, office, 1899. 18 pp. 23 cm. (U. S. Office 
 of naval intelUgence. Information from abroad. War notes, no. ii) 
 
 "Translated from the Marine-Rundsehau, November, 1898." 
 
 Der krieg um Cuba im sommer 1898. Nach zuverliissigen quellen bearbeitet 
 
 von M. Pluddemann . . . Berlin, E. S. Mittler und sohn, 1809. vi, 258 
 pp. inch illus., port., map. front. 23 cm. 
 
 Prentiss, A., ed. The history of the Utah volunteers in the Spanish- American war 
 and in the Philippine Islands . . . [Salt Lake City] W. F. Ford [1900] 
 xviii pp., 1 1., 430 pp. pi., port., map. 8°. 
 
 QuESADA, GoKZALO BE and Northrop, Henry D. America's battle for Cuba's free- 
 dom; containing a complete record of Spanish tyranny and oppression 
 . . . inside facts of the war, etc. . . . Philadelphia, National pub. co. 
 [1898] X, [2], 17-768 pp. illus., pi., map. 8°. 
 
 Recortes periodisticos de los diarios de Madrid . . . [ai5o viii-ix; 2. sept., 1897-21. 
 abril, 1898. Madrid, 1897-98] 10 v. 2^ cm. 
 Cover-title. 
 
 Clippings from the newspapers of Madrid, illustrative of the relations between Spain 
 and the United States during the ministry of S. L. Woodford. 
 
 Rhode Island INFANTRY. 1st reg't, 1898-1899. . . . Spanish-American war. Camp 
 Meade Pennsylvania. 1898. Roster and souvenir 1st Rhode Island regi- 
 ment, United States volunteers. Harrisburg, Pa. , Clepper & Sigler, 1898. 
 16 pp. port. 25 cm. 
 
 Richards, Julian W., comp. A handbook of the Spanish- American war of 1898 and 
 the insurrection in the Philippines . . . compiled from official reports, 
 etc. Cedar Rapids, The Republican print, co., 1899. 36 pp., 1 1. 8°. 
 
 RiGNEY, P[eter] Samuel, 1872- History of the Two hundred and third regiment, 
 New York infantry volunteers. Prepared by P. Samuel Rigney . . . 
 With preface by William Cary Sanger . . . Newburgh, N. Y. [New- 
 burgh journal print] 1899. 83 pp. 2 pi., ports. 23 J cm. 
 
 Roe, Alfred S[eelye] 1844- Worcester in the Spanish war; being the stories of 
 companies A, C, and H, 2d regiment, and company G, 9th regiment, 
 M. V. M., during the war for the liberation of Cuba, May-November, 
 1898, with a roster of E. R. Shumway camp, no. 30, Spanish war veterans, 
 followed by a brief account of the work of Worcester citizens in aiding 
 the soldiers and their families, by Alfred S. Roe . . . Worcester, Mass., 
 The author, 1905. 331, [1] p. incl. front, illus. 26 cm. 
 
 Roosevelt, Theodore, pres. U. S., 1858- The Rough riders . . . New York, 
 C. Scribner's sons, 1899. xi, [1], 298 pp. pi., port. 8°. 
 
 The Rough riders; by Theodore Roosevelt . . . New York and London, 
 
 G. P. Putnam's sons, 1900. 300 pp. front, (port.) 17 cm. (The Saga- 
 more series. 7) 
 
 . . . The Rough riders, a history of the First United States volunteer cav- 
 alry, by Theodore Roosevelt. Philadelphia, Gebbie and company, 1903. 
 1 p. 1., ix, 294 pp. 2 pi., 2 port. incl. front. 22 cm. (On cover: The com- 
 plete writings of Theodx)re Roosevelt [Uniform ed.]) 
 
 . . . The Rough riders, by Theodore Roosevelt . . . New York, The 
 
 Review of reviews company, 1904. 4 p. 1., 5-336 pp. front, (port. ) 2O2 cm. 
 {His [Works] Statesman ud. 11) 
 
 Ross, Clinton. Heroes of our war with Spain; their exploits told for a boy; illus- 
 trated by H. B. Wechsler. New York, F. A. Stokes co. [1898] 1 p. 1., 
 xiv, 352 pp. pi. 12° » / * ^ /<0 / ft n P 
 
 /?iiz,(^l'^a /;ac-oft.(rvv, n^c/>eL(.w<, . f . n?^- 
 
HAISTDBOOK OF CUBA, 405 
 
 E.USSELL, Henry B[enajah] An illustrated history of our war with Spain: its causes, 
 incidents, and results . . . with introductions bj' E. Proctor and J. M. 
 Thurston. . . Hartford, Conn., A. D.AVorthington&co., 1898. 780 pp. 
 illus., port., maps. 8°. 
 
 The story of two wars; an illustrated history of our war with Spain and our 
 
 , war with the Fihpinos . . . with an inti'oduction by ... K. Proctor . . . 
 
 Hartford, Conn., The Hartford pub. co., 1899. xxxiv, 33-752 pp. illus., 
 port., maps. 8°. 
 
 Schley, Winpield Scott, 1839- Forty-five years under the flag, by Winfield Scott 
 Schley . . . New York, D. Appleton and company, 1904. xiii, 439 pp. 
 front, (port.) illus., pis., map, fold, chart. 22 cm. 
 
 Sherman, A[ndrew] M[agoun] .1844- Morristown; New Jersey, in the Spanish- 
 American war . . . Morristown, N. J., Jerseyman office, 1900. 1 p. l.,vi, 
 183 pp., 4 1. illus., pL, port. 8°. 
 
 Skinner, John K[ezin] History of the Fourth Illinois volunteers in their relation 
 to the Spanish-American war for the liberation of Cuba and other island 
 possessions of Spain ... by Chaplain John R. Skinner. [Logansport, 
 Ind., Press of Wilson, Humphreys & co., °1899] 461 pp. illus. (inch 
 ports.) plates (1 fold.) 23^ cm. 
 
 [Smith, Amelie de Foufkide] comp. Oregon's official roster . . . Portland, Or., 
 The Lewis & Dryden print, co. [1898] 106 pp. illus., port. 18 cm. 
 
 Copy 2. 
 
 2d ed. Portland, Or., The Lewis & Dryden print, co. [1898] 1 p. 1., 
 
 106, [15] pp. illus., port. 18 cm. 
 
 Society of colonial w^ars. Register of members of the Society of colonial wars 
 who served in the army or navy of the United States during the Spanish- 
 American war, and record of the i:)atriotic work done by the society . . . 
 New York, 1899. 32 pp. front., port. 23 J cm. 
 
 Sons op the American revolution. List of members of various state societies of 
 the Sons of the American revolution who served in the war with Spain. 
 Issued by the National society of the Sons of the American revolution. 
 [New York?] 1900. 36, xi p. 24 cm. 
 
 Cover-title: Medal list of Sons of the American revolution . . . 
 
 The Spanish- American war; the events of the war described by eye-witnesses .■ . . 
 
 Chicago and New York, H. S. Stone & co., 1899 [1898] 8, 228 pp. illus. 
 
 sq. 8°. 
 The Spanish w^ar journal, pub. in the interest of those who served honorably in 
 
 the war with Spain or the insurrection in the Philippine Islands, v. 1- 
 
 Jan. 30, 1901- Washington, D. C. [L. C. Dyer] 1901- v. in. illus. 
 
 (inch ports.) 29^ cm. 
 
 Monthly (Jan. -May, 1901, semimonthly; Nov.-Dec, 1901, weekly. 
 
 Official organ of the Spanish war veterans. 
 
 Editor: 1901- L. C. Dyer. 
 
 Absorbed the Washington hatchet, Nov. 2, 1901. 
 
 Spears, John R[andolph] 1850- The history of our navy from its origin to the 
 present day, 1775-1897, by John R. Spears . . . New York, C. Scrib- 
 ner's sons, 1897-99. 5 v. front., illus., pi., port., maps, plans, facsim. 
 20J cm. 
 
 Vol. 1-4 published in 1897 complete "in four volumes;" on t.-p. of v. 5 (issued in 
 1899): The history of our navy from its origin to the end of the war with Spain, 
 1775-1898 ... In five volumes. 
 
 Our navy in the war with Spain . . . New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1898. 
 
 xxii, 406 pp. illus., port., map. 8°. 
 
y 
 
 / 
 
 406 ^(if HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 ^^""■'-- " '" ^' : ' 
 
 / Sternberg, George M[iller] 1838- Sanitary lessons, of the war. By George M. 
 ) Sternberg. . . [Philadelphia] 1899. cover-title, 26 pp. incl. diagr. 21cm. 
 
 "Reprinted from the Philadelphia medical journal, June 10-17, 1899." 
 
 Strathmore [P.] History of the war between the United States and Spain, by 
 I Professor Strathmore . . . [New York, P. Strathmore] 1898. 31 pp. 
 
 i 20^ cm. 
 
 I Street, Arthur I. A chronicle of the war; including historical documents, army 
 and navy movements, roster of state troops, etc. [Issued quarterly, v. 1, 
 no. 1] [n. p., 1898] 8°. 
 \ Sues, Otto L[ouis] Grigsby's cowboys. Third United States volunteer cavalry, 
 Spanish- American war . . . Salem, S. Dak., J. E. Patten, 1900. xvi, 
 359 pp., 2 1. incl. front, (port.) 8°. 
 Titherington, Richard H[andfield] A history of the Spanish-American war of 
 1898 . . . New York, D. Appleton & co., 1900. v. 415 pp. illus. 12°. 
 Trelles [y Govin], Carlos M[anuel] 1866- . . . Bibliografia de la segunda 
 gueiTa de independencia cubana y de la hispano-yankee. Publicada en 
 la revista ilustrada "Cuba y America." Habana, 1902. cover-title, 49 
 pp. 24 cm. 
 
 "Notas extraetadas de la obra en preparaei6n, Bibliografia cubana desde 1492 a 1900, 
 en la eual se dara cuenta de 14,000 libros y folletos." 
 Arranged chronologically, 1895-1900; includes references to articles in periodicals. 
 
 TuppER, H[enry] Allen, jr. Columbia's war for Cuba; a story of the early strug- 
 gles of the Cuban patriots, and of all the important events leading up to 
 the present war between the United States and Spain for Cuba libre . . . 
 New York, P. B. Bromfield & co. [1898] 256 pp. front., illus., pi., port. 
 24 cm. 
 
 "An American woman in Cuba. By Frances Linton: " pp. 245-256. 
 
 Turner, T[ell] A. Story of the Fifteenth Minnesota volunteer infantry. Minne- 
 apolis, Lessard printing co. [1899] 170 pp., 14 1. 12°. 
 
 United States adjutant-general's office. Correspondence relating to the war 
 with Spain and conditions growing out of the same, including the insur- 
 rection in the Philippine Islands and the China relief expedition, between 
 the adjutant-general of the army and military commanders in the United 
 States, Cuba, Porto Rico, China, and the Philippine Islands, from April 15, 
 1898, to July 30, 1902. With an apjjendix giving the organization of army 
 corps and a brief history of the volunteer organizations in the service of 
 the United States during the war with Spain. Washington, Government 
 printing office, 1902. 2 v. 25 cm. 
 
 Paged continuously; v. 1: 628 pp.; v. 2: [629J-1489 pp. 
 
 Statistical exhibit of strength of volunteer forces called mto service 
 
 during the war with Spain; with losses from all causes. Washington, 
 Government printing office, 1899. 25 pp. 29^ cm. 
 
 Commission appointed by the president to investigate the conduct of the 
 
 War department in the war with Spain. Report. Washington, Govern- 
 ment printing office, 1900. 8 V. 8°. (U.S. 56th Cong., 1st sess. Sen- 
 ate. Doc. no. 221.) 
 
 Members of the commission: Gen. Grenville M. Dodge, la., president; Col. James A. 
 Sexton, 111.; Col. Charles Denby, Ind.; Capt. Evan P. Howell, Ga.; Ex-gov. Urban 
 A. Woodbury, Vt.; Brig. gen. John M. Wilson, chief of engin. U. S. A.; Gen. James 
 A. Beaver, Pa.; Maj. gen. Alexander McD. McCools:, U. S. A.; Dr. Phineas S. Conner, 
 0.; Richard Weightman, secretary; Lieut, col. F. B. Jones, disbursing officer; Maj. 
 Stephen C. Mills, recorder. 
 
 Navy department. Schley court of inquiry. . . . Record of proceedings of 
 
 a court of inquiry in case of Rear- Admiral Winfield S. Schley, U. S. navy. 
 Convened at the Navy-yard, Washington, D. C, September 12, 1901 . . . 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 407 
 
 Washington, Government printing office, 1902. 2 v. fold, maps, plans, 
 diagr. 23 cm. (57th Cong., 1st sess. House. Doc. no. 485) 
 Collation: (v. 1) 1 p. 1., 1259 p.; (v. 2) 1 p. 1., 1259-1936, [343], li p. 
 
 Included in v. 2: Findings of the court, and opinion of Admiral Dewey. — Rear- 
 Admiral Schley's "Petition for relief from the findings and report of a court of 
 inquiry, and accompanying papers." — "The President's memorandum upon the 
 appeal of Admiral Schley." — Appendix, containing logs of the battle ships, signals, 
 etc. — Index prepared in the office of the superintendent of documents. 
 
 Office of naval intelligence. . . . Information from abroad. War notes no. 
 
 i-viii . . . Washington, Government printing office, 1899-1900. 8 nos. 
 maps (partly fold.) diagr. 23 cm. 
 
 No more published (i-vii issued 1899) 
 
 Reprinted, 1900, with title "Notes on the Spanish- American war." The reprint is 
 issued also in the Congressional series of U. S. public documents (no. 3876) as Senate 
 doc. 388, 56th Cong., 1st sess. 
 
 Contents. — No. I. Battles and capitulation of Santiago de Cuba. (Completed.) By 
 Lieutenant Jos6 Muller y Tejeiro ... Tr. from the Spanish.— No. II. Comments of 
 Rear-Admiral Pliiddemann ... on the main features of the war with Spain. Tr. 
 from the German.— No. III-IV. Sketches from the Spanish-American war. By Com- 
 mander J[acobsen] Tr. from the German.— No. V. Effect of the gun fire of the 
 United States vessels in the battle of Manila Bay (May 1, 1898) By Lieut. John M. 
 Ellicott, U. S. N.— No. VI. The Spanish- American war. Blockades and coast defense. 
 By Severo G6mez Nunez. Tr. from the Spanish.— No. VII. The Spanish-American 
 war. A collection of documents relative to the squadron operations in the West 
 Indies. Arranged by Rear- Admiral Pascual Cervera y Topete. Tr. from the Span- 
 ish.— No. VIII. The squadron of Admiral Cervera, by Captain Victor M. Concas y 
 Palau . . . Tr. from the Spanish. 
 
 Notes on the Spanish-American war . . . Washington, Gov't print. 
 
 off., 1900. iii, 165, 18, 38, 28, 13, 120, 165, 117 pp. maps (partly fold.) 
 diagrs. 23 cm. 
 
 Reprint of its " Information from abroad. War notes no. i-viii." 
 
 Issued also in the Congressional series of U. S. public documents (no. 3876) as Senate 
 
 doc. 388, 56th Cong., 1st sess. 
 Contents.— I. Battles and capitulation of Santiago de Cuba. By Lieut. Jos6 Muller y 
 Tejeiro, Spanish navy.— II. Comments of Rear- Admiral Pliiddemann, German navy, 
 on the main features of the war with Spain.— III-IV. Sketches from the Spanish- 
 American war. By Commander J [acobsen] German navy.— V. Effect of the gun Are 
 of the United States vessels in the battle of Manila Bay. By Lieut. John M. Ellicott, 
 United States navy.— VI. The Spanish-American war. Blockades and coast defense. 
 By Capt. Severo Gomez Nilnez, Spanish army. — VII. The Spanish-American war. A 
 collection of documents relative to the squadron operations in the West Indies. 
 Arranged by Rear-Admiral Pascual Cervera y Topete, Spanish navy.— VIII. The 
 squadron of Admiral Cervera. By Capt. Victor M. Concas y Palau, Spanish navy. 
 
 Revenue-cutter service. The United States revenue-cutter service in the war 
 
 with Spain, 1898. Washington, Government printing office, 1899. 49 pp. 
 24J cm. [Treasury dept. Doc. no. 2135] 
 
 [Uequia y Redecilla, Juan de] La guerra hispano-americana; historia negra; 
 relato de los escdndalos ocurridos en nuestras ex-colonias durante las 
 ultimas guerras; por el capit^n Verdades, con un prologode Adolfo Su^rez 
 de Figueroa. Barcelona, Casa editorial Maucci; [etc., etc.] 1899. xvi, 
 17-255 pp. 12°. 
 
 Venable, William Mayo. The Second regiment of United States volunteer engi- 
 neers; a history. Cincinnati, McDonald & CO [1899] 2 p. 1., 219 pp. pL, 
 maps. 8°. 
 
 Vivian, Thomas J[ondrie] The fall of Santiago. New York, R. F. Fenno & co., 
 1898. 246 pp. pL, port, map. 8°. 
 
 Wagner, Arthur L[ockwood] and Kelley, J[ames] D[ouglas] Jerrold. Our 
 country's defensive forces in war and peace. The United States army and 
 navy; their histories from the era of the revolution to the close of the 
 
408 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Spanish-American war; with accounts of their organization, administra- 
 tion, and duties . . . Akron, O., New York [etc.] The Werner co., 1899. 
 241 pp. Illus. obi. fol. 
 
 Watteeson, Henry. History of the Spanish- American war; embracing a complete 
 review of our relations with Spain. New York, Akron, 0. [etc.] The 
 Werner co. [1898] xx, 474 pp. illus., pi., port. 8°. 
 
 Wheeler, Joseph, 1836- The Santiago campaign. Boston, New York [etc.] I^am- 
 son, Wolffe & co., 1898. xvii, 369 pp. 8°. 
 
 Whipple, J[ames] E. The story of the Forty-ninth [Iowa, U. S. vol. inf.] Writ- 
 ten by Captain J. E. Whipple . . . with pictures by George E. Knapp 
 . . . Vinton, la., 1903. 2 p. 1., 66 pp. pi., port. 21^ x 16J cm. 
 
 White, Trumbull, 1868- Our war with Spain for Cuba's freedom . . . Including 
 a description and history of Cuba, Spain, Philippine Islands, our army and 
 navy . . . and our relations with other nations, etc., etc. . . . Chicago 
 and Philadelphia, Monarch book co. [1898] 416 pp. pi., port, map. 8°. 
 
 Wilson, H [erbekt] W [rigley] The downfall of Spain ; naval history of the Spanish- 
 American war . . . London, S. Low, Marston and co., 1900. xiv, [2], 
 451 pp. front., pi., port., maps, plans, diagr. 23^ cm. 
 Bibliography: pp. 442-444. 
 
 Wyatt, Frank T. Life of Dewey; and thrilling tales of war in Cuba and the Philip- 
 pines . . . Chicago, W. B. Conkey co. [1899] 304 pp. illus. port. 8°. 
 
 Yosemite (U. S. cruiser). Log of the U. S. S. Yosemite. Detroit, J. F. Eby & co., 
 1899. viii, 162 pp. front., pi. 23 cm. 
 
 Young, James Rankin and Moore, J. Hampton. History of our war with Spain, 
 including battles on sea and land ... to which is added a full account of 
 the conquests of Spain in America, naval battles of the United States, etc. , 
 etc., by . . . J.R.Young . . . in collaboration with J. H. Moore. Phila- 
 delphia, National pub. CO.. [1898] viii, 17-704 pp. illus. , pi. , port. , maps. 
 8°. 
 
 Reminiscences and thrilling stories of the war, by returned heroes . . . 
 
 to which is added Admiral Cervera's story of his attempt to escape from 
 the harbor of Santiago . . . etc. Philadelphia, National pub. co. [1899] 
 1 p. 1., xix, 17-665 pp. illus., pi., port., map. 8°. 
 
 LEARNED SOCIETIES OF CUBA. PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 The Smithsonian Institution receives the publications of the following learned 
 societies of Cuba: 
 
 HAVANA. 
 
 Academia de ciencias medicas, fisicas y naturales de la Habana. 
 Academia elemental de ciencias y letras de la Habana. 
 Acclimatation Station. 
 
 Administracion General de Comunicacion de la Isla de Cuba. 
 Administracion General de Correos de la Isla de Cuba. ( Post-office Department. ) 
 "Archivos de la Policlinica." 
 Bar Association. 
 Biblioteca Piiblica. 
 Botanical Garden. 
 La Cartera Cubana. 
 
 "Cronica Medico-quirurgica de la Habana." 
 Escuela Medico-Dental. 
 Escuela de Sordo Mudos y Ciegos. 
 Facultad de Medicina. 
 
 "Havana Weekly Report." (Inspeccion General de Tel^rafos. [»S'ee Administra- 
 cion General de Comunicacion es de la Isla de Cuba.] ) 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 409 
 
 Institute de Segunda Ensenanza de la Habana. 
 
 Libreria Especial Pedagogia. 
 
 Marine Meteorological Service. 
 
 ' ' Minerva. ' ' 
 
 "MisceMnico (El)." 
 
 Museo de Historia Natural. 
 
 Observatorio Fisico-Meteorologico de la Habana. 
 
 Observatorio Naval. 
 
 Observatorio del Eeal Colegio de Belen. 
 
 ' ' Progreso Medico ( El ) . " 
 
 Real Sociedad Economica de la Habana. 
 
 Real Universidad de la Habana. 
 
 " Revista de Ciencias MMicas." 
 
 "Revista de Foro." 
 
 "Revista General de Comunicaciones." 
 
 Revista Habanera. 
 
 Sociedad Antropologica de la Isla de Cuba. 
 
 Sociedad Medico-quirurgica de la Habana. 
 
 SANTA CLARA. 
 
 Estacion Agronomica. 
 
 • SANTIAGO DE CUBA. 
 
 "Cuba Masonica." 
 
 Academia de ciencias, Habana. Anales. (Monthly) 
 
 V. 36 (1900), Jan., Feb., Apr., Kov./Dec, 1899 (1 double no.), Sept., .Tan. /May (quintuple 
 no.) 
 Academia de ciencias raedicas, fisicas y naturales, Havana. Comision de la medi- 
 cina legal e higiene publica. Trabajos. 8°. 
 
 V. 3, 1874. ^ 
 
 See also Real Academia de ciencias m^dicas, fisicas y naturales. 
 Archivos de la policlmica: revista mensual redactada por los profesores de la policl- 
 inica, Habana. 
 
 V. 3 (1895), nos. 7, 10, 12, lacks nos. 1-6, 8-9, 11; v. 4 (1896), lacks no. 8; v. 5 (1897); v. 6 
 (1898), nos. 1-3, 12, lacks nos. 4-11; v. 7 (1899), lacks no. 12; v. 8 (1900), nos. 2, 8, 13, 
 14,15 (Apr. 22). 
 
 Circulo de hacendados de la Isla de Cuba, Habana. Revista de agricultura. 
 (Monthly.) 
 
 1886, nos. 1-6, lacks 7-12; 1881, nos. 1-8, lacks 9-12; 1880, complete; 1879, complete. 
 
 <> Cronica medico-quirurgica de la Habana: revista quincenal ilustrada. Fundata y 
 dirigida por el Dr. D. J. Santos Fernandez, Havana. 
 
 V. 12 (1886), (monthly), dup. nos. 7 (July), 9 (Sept.), 1 (Jan.), 3, 4, 6, complete; v. 13 
 (1887); V. 14 (1888), dup. no. 2 (Feb.), (monthly), complete; v. 15 (1889); v. 16 (1890), 
 lacks no. 10; v. 17 (1891), lacks nos. 6-9; v. 18 (1892), no. 21 (Nov.), (semi-m.); v. 19, 
 (1893); V. 20 (1894), (semi-m.), dup. nos. 9, 10, 13, 15, 16, lacks nos. 4-5, 7-8, 12, 14, 17; 
 22, 24; V. 21 (1895), (semi-m.), no. 21 dup. vol., lacks no. 2; v. 22 (1896), dup. no. 14 
 (July), (semi-m.), complete; v. 23 (1897), dup. no. 10 (May), (semi-m.), lacks no. 11, 
 V. 24 (1898), (semi-m.), lacks no. 7; v. 25 (1899), (semi-m.), lacks no. 14; v. xxvi 
 (1900), nos. 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, lacks 3, 5, 9-24. 
 
 Escuela general preparatoria y especiales de esta ciudad. Acto solemne de la dis- 
 tribucion de premios a los alumnos e inauguracion del ano academico 
 de 1857 a 1858, presidido por el excmo. senor gobernador superior civil y 
 capitan general, el domingo 27 de septiembre. Habana, Imprenta del 
 Tiempo, 1857. 24 pp. 8°. 
 <^ Escuela medico-dental, Habana. Revista de medicina y cirugia dental, director 0. 
 Ignacio Rojas. (Monthly.) 
 
 V. 1 (1895) (semi-m.), nos. 1-2, 4, 5, 6. v. 4 (1898), lacks nos. 8-12; v. 3 (1897), lacks nos. 
 1-2,7; V. 2 (1896), lacks nos. 4-6 (semi-m.) 
 
r 
 
 410 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Liceo de Matanzas. Seccion de ciencias fisicas y naturales. Anuario. 
 
 V. 1 (1866), 162 pp., incomplete. 
 Policlinica semanario cientifico, Habana. Archives, Habana, J. A. Casanova. 
 
 V. 8 (1800), no. 16 (Apr. 29) . 
 Progreso medico: periodico mensual de medicina, cirujia y ciencias, director, funda- 
 dor y propietario Dr. Gabriel Casuso, Havana. 
 
 V. 6, nos. 1, 2, 5, 8, 9, 11; lacks 3, 4, 6-7, 10, 12. 
 Real Academia de ciencias medicas, ffsicas y naturales de la Habana. Anales. 
 
 V. 1 (1864); V.2 (1865); v. 3 (1866); v.4 (1867): v. 5 (1868); v.6 (18691; v. 8 (1871); v. 12 
 (1875-6), lacks pp. 350-60; v. 13 (1877) , March wanting; v. 20 (1883), lacks 230-8; v. 21 
 (1884), June 15; v. 22 (1886), lacks 259-61; v. 26 (1890), lacks no. 299; v. 27 (1890), June 
 15; V. 35 (1898), Sept.-Dec; v. 36 (1899), Sept.-Aug. 
 
 Estadistica demografico sanitaria d« la Habana, aiio de 1893 (algunas notas 
 
 relativas al asunto), por el Dr. U. de ia Guardia; publicada en los Anales 
 de ia Academia. Habana, Sarachaga y H. Miyares [1894] 13 pp. 11 
 tables. 8°. 
 
 HistoriadeUredo (1) cocfvoro; por el Dr. D. Jose Eduardo Ramos. Informe 
 
 de la comision nombrada por la Real Academia de ciencias medicas, fisicas 
 y naturales de la Habana para investigar la causa de la enf ermedad de 
 los cocoteros de la Isla de Cuba y buscar el remedio oportuno. Sesion del 
 8 de enero de 1882. [no title-page] 37 pp. 
 
 Una responsabilidad de nuestros cafes, trabajo leido en las sesiones celebradas 
 
 los dias 8 de noviembre y 8 de diciembre de 1895, por el Dr. D. Antonio 
 de Cordon y de Acosta. Habana, Imprenta "El Figaro," 1896. 42pp. 8°. 
 
 Consideraciones acerca de la topografia medica en general, y en particular 
 
 sobre las de la villa de Cuanabacoa e Isla de Pinos; por el Dr. Jose de la 
 Luz Herniindez. Sesiones del 23 de diciembre de 1877, 13 y 27 de enero 
 de 1878. Vease Anales t. xiv, pdginas 499, 519 y 529. [Reprint] 27 pp. 
 no imprint. 
 
 Informe sobre el " Proyecto de un canal de desagiie para la ciudad de la Ha- 
 
 bana," redactado por el socio de merito Sr. D. Francisco de Albear y Lara. 
 Sesion piiblica ordinaria del 28 de setiembre de 1879. [no title-page] 31 
 pp. 
 
 - Reglamento. Habana, Imp. la Antilla, 1871. 8 pp. incomplete. 8°. 
 
 - Higiene colonial en Cuba, trabajo leido en las sesiones celebradas los dias 24 
 de febrero y 10 de marzo de 1895, por el Dr. D.' Antonio de Cordon y de 
 Acosta. Habana, Sarachaga y H. Miyares, 1895. 57 pp. 8°. 
 
 - Trabajos de la comision de medicina legal e higiene piiblica de la Academia 
 de ciencias medicas . . . desde su fundacion. Tomo iii. Habana, 
 Imprenta "La Antilla," 1874. 8°. 
 
 Real junta de fomento y Real Sociedad economica de la Habana. Anales. (Monthly) 
 V. 1 (1849), nos. 2-6 (Aug.-Dec), 5 parts, lack no. 1; v. 2 (1850, Jan.-June), 6 nos.; v. 3 
 (18.50), nos. 1-5. 
 
 Anales ymemorias. 
 
 V. 2 (1855), 1856; V. 3 (quincenl, 1856), 1856-57; v. 1, 3 parts (semanal, 1853), 1854; 4 series, 
 V. 7 (1861-63), V. 8 (1863-4), v. 1 (1858), v. 2 (1859). 
 
 See also Real Sociedad economica. 
 Real Sociedad econemica, Habana. Memorias. (Monthly) 
 
 1817, lack nos. 1-3, 5-7, 10-11 (nos. 1-12) ; 1818, lack nos. 13, 15, 18, 20-22 (nos. 12-24) ; 1824, 
 lack nos. 50, 54-60 (nos. 49-60). v. 15 (1842); v. 16 (1843); v. 17 (1343); v. 18 (1844), 
 lacks no. 1; v. 19 (1845), lacks no. 3; v. 20 (1845). 2d. rier. Tomo 1 (1846), 2 (1846), 2 
 (1847), no. 11, 3 (1847), 4 (1847), 5 (1848) , lacks no. 1, 6 (1848-49), 7 (1849), no. 1-3 Apr.- 
 June, 3 nos. 
 
 See also Sociedad patriotica, 1842. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 411 
 
 Eeal Sociedad econemica, Habana. ■ Memorias. (Monthly). Eelacion historica de 
 los beneficios hechos d la Real Sociedad economica, casa de beneficencia 
 y demiis dependencias de aquel cnerpo, por el escmo. Senor Don Fran- 
 cisco Dionisio Vives. Escrita por las comisiones reunidas de ambas cor- 
 poraciones. Habana, Iraprenta del Gobierno y capitania general, 1832. 
 36, (1) pp. 4°. 
 See also Real Sociedad economica de amigos del pais. 
 
 Estatutos. Habana, Imp. del Gobierno, 1846. 39 pp. 8°. 
 
 Reglamento que debe observarse en la Biblioteca de la. Habana, Imp. del 
 
 Gobierno, 1858. 32 + (7) pp. 8°. 
 
 Documentos relativos tl la instalacion de la, en la casa niimero 60, calle de 
 
 dragones, el dia 6 de julio del corriente afio. Habana, Imp. de Gobierno, 
 1856. 48 pp. 16°. 
 
 Memorias y anales de fomento serie 5^ Dir. Alvaro Reynoso. 
 
 V. 9 (July-Dec. 1864); v. 10 (1865) ; v. 11 (1866) nos. 1-2, lacks nos. 3-12. 
 
 See also Real junta de Fomento y Real Sociedad Economica. 
 Real Sociedad Economica de amigos del pais de la Habana. Acta. 
 
 (1829), 1830, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1855. 
 
 Habana, Imprenta del Tiempo, 1862. 55 pp. 8°. 
 
 — Exposiciones de agricultura, industria y bellas artes. Habana, Imp. del 
 
 Gobierno, 1862. 27 pp. 8°. 
 
 Acta de las juntas generales que celebro, en los deas 15, 16 y 17 de diciem- 
 
 bre de 1856. Habana, Imp. del Gobierno, 1857. 84 pp. 8°. 
 
 Acta de las juntas generales que celebro, en los dias 17, 18 y 19 de diciembre 
 
 de 1857. Habana, Imp. del Gobierno, 1858. 63 pp. 8°. 
 
 Acta de las juntas generales que celebro, en los dias 21, 22 y 24 de diciembre 
 
 del ano de 1858. Habana, Imp. del Gobierno, 1859. 32 pp. 8°. 
 , Juntas generales. Habana, Imp. del Tiempo, 1862. 55 pp. 8°. 
 
 Actas de las juntas generales que celebro, en los dias 27 de febrero y 1 de 
 
 junio del afio de 1871. Habana, Imp. y Encuadernacion, Sociedad de 
 Operarios, 1871. 31 pp. 8°. 
 See also Sociedad Economica de amigos del pais. 
 
 Memoria de aiio 1899 presentada en la sesion de 9 de enero de 1900, conme- 
 
 morando el 107° anniversario de la fundacion de la sociedad, por el secre- 
 
 tario Ramon Meza. Habana, Imp. "la Universal," 1900. 69 pp. 8°. 
 Real Sociedad Patriotica, Habana. Sucinta noticiti del ramo de la cera en la Isla de 
 
 Cuba d fines de marzo del aiio de 1815, [por 0. Boloix] Habana, Oficina ^ 
 
 de Arazoza y Soler, [1815] 10 pp. 4°. 
 Revista de Agricultura. See Circulo de Hacendados de la Isla de Cuba. 
 Revista de medicina y cirugia de la Habana. Director Fundador: Sr. Jose a. Fresno 
 
 y Bastiony. (Semimonthly.) 
 
 V. 5 (1900) lacks nos. 2-3, 5, 7, 9-24; v. 4 (1899) lacks nos. 1-20. 
 Sociedad anonima titulada: la colonizadora, Habana. Estatutos. Habana, imprenta t-^ 
 
 del Tiempo, 1857. 15 pp. 8°. 
 Sociedad antropologica de la isla de Cuba. Boletin. Tomo 1. Nos. 1-6. Habana, 
 
 Establecimento tipogrdfico de Soler, Alvarez y compaiiia, 1885. 3 pp. 
 
 8°. 
 
 Boletin. 
 
 v.'l (1885) nos. 1-6. 
 
 Sociedad de Estudios Clinicos de la Habana. Archivos: Revista de medicina prdc- 
 tica, directores Doctores Antonio Rodriguez Ecay y Gustavo Lopez. 
 Habana, imprenta El Aerolito. 
 
 V. 7 (1896); irregular; v. 8 (1897-98) [20 nos. Jan. 1897-Dec. 1898] lacks no. 16; v. 9 
 (1899) [8 nos. Feb.-Oct. 1899] lacks no. 7; v. 1 (1881); v. 2 (1882); v. 3 (1888); v. 4 
 (1890); Y. 5 (1895) bienio de 1890 & 1892; v. 6 bienio de 1892 A, 1894, 1895. 
 
412 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Sociedad de Higiene de la Habana. La iglesia y la cremaciun, discurso leido en la 
 sesion celeb rada el dia 11 de diciembre de 1893 por el vocal Dr. Antonio 
 de Gordon y de Acosta. Havana, imprenta "la Moderna," 1893. 19 pp. 
 8°. 
 
 Higiene del ciclismo en Cuba, discurso leido en la sesion celebrada el dia 19 
 
 de febrero de 1894 por el vocal Dr. D. Antonio de Gordon y de Acosta. 
 Havana, A. Miranda, 1894. 16 pp. 8°. 
 
 Los incendios, los bomberos y la higiene, trabajo leido en la sesion celebrada 
 
 el dia 5 de julio de 1894, por el vocal Dr. D. Antonio de Gordon y de 
 Acosta. Havana, "la Moderna," 1894. 73 pp. 8°. 
 
 Sociedad general del credito moviliario y fomento cubano, Habana. Estatutos y 
 reglamento. Habana, Imp. del Gobierno, 1857. 24 pp. 12°. 
 
 Sociedad general del credito territorial cubano, Habana. Estatutos y reglamento. 
 Habana, imprenta del Tiempo, 1857. 16 pp. 8°. 
 
 Sociedad patriotica, de la Havana. Estatutos. Havana, imp. de la Capitania Ge- 
 neral, 1793. 25 pp. 8°. 
 
 Sociedad Patriotica, Habana. Memorias. 
 
 V. 15 (1842); V. 1 (1836) lacks no. 1; v. 2 (1836); v.3 (1836-37); v. 4 (1837); v. 5(1837-38); 
 V. 6 (1838); v. 7 (1838-39) lacks nos.S9,42; v. 8 (1839); v. 9, (1839-40); v.ilO (1840); v. 11 
 (1840); V. 12 (1841-42); v. 13 (1841-42); v. 14 (1842). 
 
 Havana Sociedad de socorros mutuos La Tutelar. Reglamento. Havana, Impr. del 
 "Avisador Comercial," 1886. 18 pp. 8°. 
 
 ARTICLES IN PERIODICALS. 
 
 1825. Cuba without war. A. H. Everett. Scribners, 11 (April 1876), 876. 
 1829. Cuba. The physical, statistical, and political features. Southern Review, vol. 4 
 (Nov. 1829), 285-321. 
 
 Review of Humboldt's Essai politique; Huber's Aperou; Sagra's Anales, 1827-2}. 
 
 1829. Cuba. Review of Abbot's Letters. By W. Phillips. Christian Examiner, 
 vol. 6 (May 1829), 259; North American Review, vol. 29 (July 1829), 199. 
 
 1829. Political and statistical account of Cuba, Humboldt's. For. quarterly, vol. 3 
 
 (Jan. 1829), 400; Museum of foreign literature, vol. 14 (May 1829), 444. 
 Review of Humboldt's works, with copious extracts. 
 
 1830. Slave trade. Electric Review, vol. 52 (July 1830), 22. 
 
 Considers the slave trade upon information furnished by Humboldt's "Personal 
 narrative." 
 
 1830. Cuba. Statistical account. American Quarterly Review, vol. 7 (June 1830), 
 
 475. 
 
 Review of " Cuadro eistadistieo," with copious extracts. 
 
 1831. History of Cuba. American Quarterly Review, vol. 10 (Sept. 1831), 230. 
 
 Survey of the history of Cuba to 1761, drawn from Arrate's History. 
 
 1831. Voyages en Amerique. L'ile de Cuba. Eugene Ney. Revue des deux Mon- 
 des, vols. 3, 4, 445. 
 
 1836. Letters on Cuba, by a French gentleman. Blackwood, vol. 40 (Sept. 1836), 
 
 323. 
 
 1837. Slavery in Cuba. F. W. P. Greenwood. Christian Examiner, vol. 23 (Sept. 
 
 1837), 82. 
 
 1840. The currency of Cuba. Hunt's Merch. Mag., vol. 2 (June 1840) , 531. 
 
 Letter from a merchant in Havana, Nov. 20, 1839. 
 
 1841. Les esclaves dans les colonies espagnoles. Comtesse Merlin. Revue des deux 
 
 Mondes, vol. 41 (June 1, ]841), 734. 
 1842-43. Commerce of Cuba. Hunt's Merch. Mag., 7 (Oct. 1842), 319; 9 (Oct. 1843), 
 337. 
 
 statistics of imports and exports, 18 J9-42. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 413 
 
 1844. Letters from Cuba. R. B. Kimball. Knickerbocker, vol. 24 (Nov. 1844), 
 449; (Dec. 1844), 545. Vol. 25 (Jan. 1845), 1; (Feb. 1845), 145. Vol. 
 26 (July-Dec. 1845) , 36, 383, 544. 
 
 Sympathetic descriptions of the social and political condition of Cuba. 
 
 1844. Present state of Cuba. Democratic review, vol. 15 (Nov. 1844), 475. 
 
 Consists of a reprint of a " Memorial on the present state of Cuba, addressed to the 
 Spanish Government by a native of the island," with some preliminary observations. 
 
 1845. The Countess Merlin's letters from the Havana. J. F. Otis. Godey, vol. 30 
 
 (May 1845), 211. 
 
 On the manners and customs of Cuba. 
 
 1845. Le traite a Cuba et le droit de visite. X. Durrieu. Rev. d. d. mondes, vol. 
 61 (Mar. 1, 1845), 899. 
 
 Review of J. A. Saco's " La supresion del trdflco de esclavos africanos en la isla de Cuba. 
 
 1847. L' lie de Cuba et la liberte commercialeaux colonies. Felix Clave. Revue des 
 
 deux mondes, vol. 18 (Juin 1847), 842. 
 1847. Cuba: audits political economy. G. L. Ditson. Hunt's merch. mag., vol. 
 
 17 (Sept. 1847), 265. 
 1849. Cuba: political conditions, etc. Democratic review, vol. 25 (Sept. 1849), 193. 
 Criticises President Taylor's proclamation against filibusters and favors acquisition 
 of Cuba. 
 
 1849. Cuba: the key of the Mexican Gulf, with reference to the coast trade of the 
 United States. Hunt's merch. mag., vol. 2. (Nov. 1849), 519. 
 Advocates acquisition of Cuba. 
 
 1849. Commerce and resources of Cuba. Hunt'smerch. mag., vol. 21 (July 1849), 34. 
 Translated from the " Diario de la marina," Havana, Jan. 1849. Brief survey of the 
 growth of commerce from 1828 to 1847. 
 
 1829. The island of Cuba: its resources, progress, and prospects. Dublin review, 
 vol. 27 (Sept. 1849), 123. 
 
 Review of Madde n's book on the slave trade. 
 
 1849. Letters from Cuba. W. C. Bryant. Littell's living age, vol. 22 (July 1849), 11. 
 
 1849. The poetry of Cuba. H. W. Hurlbut. North American review, vol. 68 (Jan. 
 
 1849), 137. 
 1859. A trip to Cuba. J. W. Howe. Atlantic, vol. 3 (May, June, 1859), 601, 686; 
 (Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., 1859), 184, 323, 455, 602. 
 
 1850. The attack on Cuba (Lopez expedition). Littell's living age, vol. 26 (July 
 
 2, 1850), 141. 
 
 Editorials from the Examiner of London. 
 
 1850. Cuba et la propagande annexioniste. G. d'Alaux. Revue des deux mondes, 
 
 vol. 83 (July 15, 1850), 363. 
 1850. Cuba — its position, dimensions, and population. J. C. Reynolds. De Bow's 
 
 review, vol. 8 (April 1850), 313. 
 1850. The island of Cuba. Its resources, progress, and prospects. Hogg's instructor, 
 
 N. S., vol. 4, (285). 
 1850. The late Cuban expedition (Lopez) : Military spirit of our country; its dangers, 
 
 our natural duties, etc. J. B. De Bow. De Bow's review, vol. 9 (Aug. 
 
 1850), 164. 
 
 In favor of Cuban acquisition. 
 
 1850. The Cuban expedition. Brownson's quarterly review, N. S., vol. 4 (Oct. 
 1850), 490. 
 
 Review of Kimball's Cuba and the Cubans. Denounces the Lopez expedition and 
 disapproves the policy of annexation. 
 
 1850. The island of Cuba. Frasier's magazine, vol. 42 (July 1850), 107; Littell's 
 living age, vol. 26 (Aug. 24, 1850), 347. 
 
 On the political and commercial importance of Cuba in " the sight of both England 
 and America." 
 
414 HAINDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1850. Cuba and the Cubans, Kimball's. E. W. Griswold. Littell, vol. 25 (May 
 1850), 374. 
 
 1850. General Lopez, the Cuban patriot. Democratic review, vol. 26 (Feb. 
 
 1850), 97. 
 Favorable. 
 
 1851. The United States and Cuba. Dublin Univ. mag., vol. 37 (June 1851), 763. 
 
 Review of J. G. Taylor's The United States and Cuba. 
 
 1851. Cuba and the Slave States. Colburn's new monthly magazine, vol. 93 (Oct. 
 1851), 218. 
 
 Hostile to American desig'ns on Cuba. 
 
 1851. Narciso Lopez and his companions. Democratic review, vol. 29 (Oct. 
 1851), 291. 
 
 Sympathetic sketch. 
 
 1851. La societe et la litterature a Cuba. C. de Mazade. Revue des deux mondes, 
 
 vol. 88 (Dec. 15, 1851), 1017. 
 
 1852. The invasion of Cuba (Lopez expedition). So. Q. rev., vol. 5 (Jan. 1852), 1. 
 1852. The Cuban debate. Democratic review, vol. 31 (Nov. and Dec. 1852), 433. 
 
 On the debate December 23 upon the Cuban resolution. Criticises Mason and Cass. 
 
 1852. The late Cuban state trials. Democratic review, vol. 30 (Apr. 1852), 307. 
 On the trials of filibusters at New Orleans and New York. 
 
 1852. Cuba, adventures in (Lopez expedition). L. Schlesinger. Democratic re- 
 view, vol. 31 (Sept. 1852) , 210; (Oct. 1852), 352; (Nov. and Dec. 1852), 553. 
 By a participant. 
 
 1852. Recollections of Cuba. W. E. Surtees. Colburn, vol. 94 (Feb. 1852), 208. 
 
 1852. The Spaniards at Havana and the Whigs at Washington. Democratic review, 
 
 (Oct. 1852), 326. 
 
 Criticises Pierce's administration. 
 
 1853. Cuba and the United States. The policy of annexation discussed. W. J. 
 
 Sykes. De Bow's review, vol. 14 (Jan. 1853) . 
 1853. Cuba and the United States. How the interests of Louisiana would be affected 
 
 by annexation. J. S. Thrasher. De Bow's review, vol. 17 (July 1854), 43. 
 1853. La Havane et I'lle de Cuba. J. J. Ampere. Revue des deux mondes, vol. 95 
 
 (July 15, 1853), 305. 
 1853. The island of Cuba — past and present. A. W. Ely. De Bow's review, vol. 14 
 
 (Feb. 1853), 93. 
 1853. Cuba, independence of. W. J. Sykes. De Bow's review, vol. 14 (May 1853), 
 
 417. 
 
 1853. Three weeks in Cuba. By an artist. Harper's magazine, vol. 6 (Jan. 1853), 161. 
 
 1854. Cuba and the Cubans. H. F. Bond. North American review, 79 (July 
 
 1854), 109. 
 
 Review of Kimball's Cuba and the Cubans; and Everett's letter to the Count de 
 Sartiges. 
 
 1854. Cuba and the South. De Bow's review, vol. 17 (Nov. 1854), 519. 
 For annexation. 
 
 1854. Cuba and the tripartite treaty. E. B. B. Southern quarterly review, vol. 9 
 (Jan. 1854), 1. 
 
 Review of Everett's letter to Lord John Russell, Sept. 21, 1853; Calhoun's letter to 
 W. R. King, Aug. 12, 1844. Favors acquisition of Cuba. 
 
 1854. Cuba as it is in 1854. A. W. Ely. De Bow's review, vol. 17 (Sept. 1854), 219. 
 Criticism of " Compendio de geografia . . . de la Isla de Cuba." Treats of the Popu- 
 lation — Army — Navy — Railroads — Education — Productions. 
 
 1854. Mr. Everett and the Cuban question. W. H. Trescott. Southern quarterly 
 review, vol. 25 (Apr. 1854), 429. 
 
 Review of Mr. Everett's letter to Lord John Russell, printed in " The correspondence 
 on the proposed tripartite convention relative to Cuba." 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 415 
 
 1855. Annexation of Cuba. Littell, vol. 47 (Dec. 1855), 811. 
 Brief article opposing annexation. 
 
 1855. Cuba. The foreign policy of the United States. Western review, vol. 64 
 
 (July 1855), 181. 
 1855. Cuba. Its present condition; the revenue, taxes, agricultural industry, etc., 
 
 of the island. A. W. Ely. De Bow's review, vol. 18 (Feb. 1855), 163. 
 1855. Reminiscences of Cuba. So. lit. mess., vol. 21 (Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec, 1855), 
 566, 593, 700, 745. 
 
 Gives some account of the political events, the deaths of Ram6n Pinto and Estrampes, 
 etc., but mostly describes the country, people, etc. 
 
 1855. Spanish and Cuban views of annexation. A. W. Ely. De Bow's review, vol. 18 
 
 (March 1855), 305. 
 
 1856. Cuba: Its state and prospects. LondonQuarterly Review, vol. 7 (Oct. 1857), 98. 
 Same. Eclectic magazine, vol. 39, 466. 
 
 Review of Humboldt's Essai Politique; Madden's Cuba; Hurlbut's Gan-Eden, and 
 H. A. Murray's Lands of the Slave and Free. 
 
 1859. The acquisition of Cuba. Democratic Review, vol. 43 (Apr. 1859), 1. 
 Advocates annexation. 
 
 1859. The acquisition of Cuba. Are the United States justified in demanding the 
 immediate surrender of Cuba? Hunt's Merch. Mag., vol. 40 (May 1859), 
 562. 
 
 1859. Cuban literature. Chambers, J., vol. 32 (Nov. 5, 1859), 290. Littell, vol. 26 
 (Jan. 1860), 37. 
 
 Principally relates to the poems of Heredia and Placido. 
 
 1859. On the acquisition of Cuba. F. 0. J. Smith. Hunt's Merch. Mag., vol. 40 (Apr. 
 
 1859), 403. • 
 
 1859. La question de Cuba aux Etats-Unis et en Europe. J. Ghanut. Revue con- 
 
 temporaine, vol. 43 (Apr. 1859), 470. 
 1859. Trade and Commerce of Cuba. Hunt's Merch. Mag., vol. 40, 275. 
 1863. The conquest of Cuba. C. C. Hazewell. Atlantic, vol. 12 (Oct. 1863), 462. 
 
 On the English conquest of Havana in 1762 and its restoration by the treaty of 1763; 
 with some observations on the historical consequences. 
 
 1865. The Chinese in Cuba. H. B. Auchinloss. Hunt's Merch. Mag., vol. 52 (Mar. 
 1865) , 186. 
 
 In relation to slave labor. 
 
 1865. Sugar making in Cuba. H. B. Auchinloss. Harper's Magazine, vol. 30 (Mar. 
 
 1865), 440. 
 
 1866. Cuba et les Antilles. E. Duvergier de Hauranne. Revue des deux Mondes, 
 
 Sept. 1, 15, Oct. 1, 1866. 
 1866. Cuba: Its resources and destiny. National Quarterly Review, vol. 14 (Dec. 
 1866), 35. 
 
 Review of Ram6n de la Sagra. Historia, etc. 
 
 Torre J. M. de la Humboldt. Essai politique. 
 
 Compendio de geogr., etc. 
 
 Dana. To Cuba and back; Abbot. Letters. 
 
 1868. "La reina de las Antillas." Lippincott, vol. 1 (Apr. 1868), 423. 
 
 Descriptive sketch. 
 
 1869. Cuba sous la domination Espagnole. V. de Rochas. Revue Contemporaine, 
 
 vol. 105 (Aug. 1869), 635. 
 
 The English translation was published in pamphlet form. See p. 19 of this list. 
 
 1869. The Cuban case. E. L. Godkin. Nation, vol. 9 (Sept. 30, 1869), 264. 
 Disapproves recognition of Cuban belligerency. 
 
 1869. L'esclayage a Cuba depuis la revolution de 1868. A. Cochin. Revue des 
 deux Mondes, vol. 81 (May 1, 1869), 158. 
 
416 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1869. Les Antilles espagnoles et la politique des Etats-Unis. Revue contemporaine, 
 
 vol. 103 (Mar. 1869), 138. 
 1869. L'insurrectioncubaine, caresses, incidens, solution possible. A.Cochut. Revue 
 
 des deux Mondes, vol. 188 (Nov. 15, 1869), 43. 
 1869. The Cuban insurrection. The Nation, vol. 8 (April 15, '869), 288. 
 Opposes recognition of Cuban belligerency. 
 
 1869. Our supposed sympathy with Cuba. A. G. Sedgwick. The Nation, vol. 24 
 (July 8, 1869), 24. 
 Hostile to Cuba. 
 
 1869. The revolution in Cuba. W. W. Nevin. Lippincott, vol. 3 (Mar. 1869), 339. 
 
 1870. Cuba and Spain. Putnam, vol. 15 (Jan. 1870), 9. 
 
 Urges interference by the United States. 
 
 1870. Coffee grounds of Cuba. All the Year Round, vol. 24 (June 18, 1870), 61. 
 
 1870. Impressions of Cuba. R. K. Monthly Rel. Mag., vol. 43 (Jan., June, 1870), 
 
 66, 562. 
 
 1871. Life in Cuba. H. S. Conant. Harper's Magazine, vol. 43 (Aug. 1871), 350. 
 1871. Prison life in Cuba. All the Year Round, vol. 25 (Feb. 4, 1871), 222. 
 
 1873. Cuba: Commercial relations with the United States; geography, climate, and 
 products. The Republic, vol. 1 (Aug. 1873), 325. 
 Forms Cuban independence. 
 
 1873. The Cuban insurrection. Edinburgh Review, vol. 138 (Oct. 1873), 395. 
 1873. Cuba and the Cuban insurrection. W. J. Starks. Scribner's Monthly, vol. 6 
 (May 1873), 10. 
 
 Sympathetic in tone toward Cuba. 
 
 1873. The " Virginius."^ J. N. Pomeroy; E. L. Godkin. The Nation, vol. 17 (Nov. 
 
 20, 1873), 332. 
 
 1874. The great Cuban difficulty. G. A. Sala. Belgravia, vol. 22 (Jan. 1874), 311. 
 
 1874. La question cubaine. Six ans d' insurrection. Rev. d. d. Mondes, vol. 214 
 
 (Mar. 15, 1374), 434. 
 
 1875. Free glances at Cuba. G. A. F. Van Rhyn. Appleton's Journal, vol. 13 
 
 (Mar. 1875), 353. 
 
 Sketches of life in Cuba. 
 
 1875. The Cuban scare and the press. A. G. Sedgwick. The Nation, vol. 21 (Nov. 
 
 1875), 335. 
 
 1876. The state of Cuba. R. B. Mintarn. The Nation, vol. 22 (Feb. 17, 1876) , 110. 
 1879. Our commerce with Cuba, Porto Rico, and Mexico. C. C. Andrews, Atlantic, 
 
 vol. 44 (July, 1879), 81. 
 1881. The currency and commerce of Cuba. D. P. Bailey. Banker's Magazine. 
 
 vol. 35, (Mar. 1881), 697. 
 1881. Impressions of Havana and Cuba. W. H. Bishop. The Nation, vol. 32 (May 
 
 5, 1881), 312. 
 
 On the lottery, mode of life, political jobbery, etc. 
 
 1892. La explotacion de una colonia. Ensayo historico, crftico sobre los subsidies 
 de Cuba a la nacion. Manuel Villanova. Revista Cubana, Tomo 16 
 (Sept. 1892), 157. 
 
 1892. Sjiain and the United States. R. Ogden. Chautauquan, vol. 14, p. 565. 
 
 1893. Mr. Marcy, the Cuban Question, and the Ostend Manifesto. S. Webster. 
 
 Political Science Quarterly, vol. 8 (Mar. 1893), 1. 
 
 1893. Business Opportunities in Cuba. E. J. Chibas. Engineering mag., vol. 4, p. 
 
 266. 
 
 1894. Filibustering Expeditions to Cuba in 1860. R.F.Logan. Southern Magazine, 
 
 vol. 4, p. 608. * 
 
 1894. Tertiary and later history of Cuba. R. T. Hill. American Journal of Science, 
 vol. 148, p. 196. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 417 
 
 1894. Women of Cuba. M. E. Springer. North American Review, vol. 158 (Feb. 
 
 1894), 255. 
 
 1895. The Spanish colonies. Spectator, vol. 74 (Apr. 6, 1895), 453. 
 1895. Symposium. Independent, Dec. 5, 1895. 
 
 1895. Struggle for freedom. J. F. Clark. Cosmopolitan, vol. 19, p. 608. 
 
 1895. Struggle for freedom. M.Garcia. Mo. Illus. May, vol. 11 (Oct. 1895), 227. 
 
 1895. Spain and Cuba. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 60 (Apr. 25, 1895) , 319. 
 
 1895. A Ghmpse of Cuba. J. K. Reeve. Lippincott, vol. 55 (Mar. 1895), 319. 
 
 1895. Cuba — How it might have belonged to France. G. Colmache. Littell's Living 
 
 Age, vol. 207, p. 696. 
 1895. Ought we to annex Cuba? F. R. Coudert and others. American Mag. of 
 
 Civics, vol. 7, p. 37. 
 1895. Problem of Cuba. Spectator, vol. 75 (Sept. 21, 1895), 357. 
 1895. Revolt in Cuba — its causes and effects. A native Cuban. Engineering mag. , 
 
 vol. 10, p. 9. 
 1895. Shall Cuba be free? Clarence King. Forum, vol. 20 (Sept. 1895), 50. 
 1895. Situation in Cuba. S. Alvarez. Mo. am., vol. 161, p. 362. 
 1895. Cuba's struggle for freedom. J.F.Clark. Cosmopolitan, vol. 19 (Oct. 1875), 608. 
 
 1895. Sympathy for Cuba. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 61, p. 250. 
 
 1896. Commercial relations between Cuba and the United States. E. S. Gould. 
 
 Engineering mag., vol. 7, p. 500. 
 1896. Cuba, our neighbor in the sea. F. H. Osborne. Chautauquan, vol. 23 (May 
 
 1896), 202. 
 1896. Our Cuban neighbors and their struggle for liberty. M. Halstead. Review of 
 
 reviews, vol. 13 (Apr. 1896), 419. 
 1896. Claims of Cuba for self-government. R. Cabrera. Gunton's magazine, vol. 11, 
 
 p. 423. 
 1896. Fjre and m6rd in Cuba. Clarence King. Forum, vol. 22 (Sept. 1896), 31. 
 1896. Five weeks with the insurgents. H. Howard. Contemporary review, vol. 69 
 
 (Jan. 1896), 41. 
 1896. Industrial Cuba. E. Vasquez. Gunton's magazine, vol. 10, p. 447. 
 1896. Industrial possibilities of Cuba. R. Cabrera. Engin. mag., vol. 11, p. 875. 
 1896. Negroes in Cuba and the revolution. Gunton's magazine, vol. 11, p. 272. 
 1896. Cuba and the United States. National magazine, vol. 27, p. 449. 
 1896. The question of Cuban belligerency. J. B. Moore. Forum, vol. 21 (May 
 
 1896), 288. 
 1896. Recognition of belHgerency of Cuba. A. S. Hersbey. Am. Acad. Pol. Sci., 
 
 vol. 7, p. 450. 
 1896. Grant's precedent on recognition of Cuba. The Nation, vol. 62 (Feb. 13, 1896) , 
 
 137. 
 1896. A Cuban catechism. A. C. Sedgwick. Nation, vol. 62 (Mar. 12, 1896), 211. 
 1896. Causes of present war in Cuba. H. L. De Zayes. Catholic world, vol. 62 
 
 (Mar. 1896), 807. 
 1896. Our duty to Cuba. H. C. Lodge. Forum, vol. 21 (May 1896), 278. 
 
 1896. Question of Cuba. J. Maurice Kelley. New review, vol. 15, p. 144. 
 
 1897. Insurrection in Cuba and American neutrality. American law review, vol. 31 
 
 (Jan., Feb.), 62. 
 1897. The wanton destruction of American property in Cuba. Fernando A. Yznaga. 
 
 Forum, vol. 22 (Jan. 1897), 571-574. 
 1897. Spain's extortion from. Raimundo Cabrera. Gunton's magazine, vol. 12 (Jan. 
 
 1897), 27-32. 
 1897. The United States and Cuba: A new Armenia. W. Hallett Philips. National 
 
 review, vol. 28 (Jan. 1897), 598-604. 
 
 159a— 05 27 
 
418 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1897. Eeview of reviews, vol. 15. 
 
 Death of Maceo, p. 10. 
 
 Mr. Cleveland on the rebellion, p. 10. 
 
 Canovas to America, p. 11. 
 
 Cameron resolution, p. 11. 
 
 Cuban outlook, pp. 12, 258. 
 
 Cuban question at Washington, pp. 69, 134, 402. 
 
 Cuban question in Cuba, p. 136. 
 
 American friends of Cuba, p. 137. 
 
 The United States and Cuba, pp. 197-591. 
 
 Spain's reform plan for Cuba, p. 259. 
 
 Cuban revolutionary government, p. 329. 
 
 Real condition of Cuba to-day, p. 562. 
 
 Steps toward relief of Cuba, p. 643. 
 
 Crete and Cuba compared, p. 644. 
 
 Demand for intervention, p. 644. 
 
 Sugar affecting Cuba's fate, p. 645. 
 1897. Spain and Cuba. James Howe Babcock. Chautauquan, v(j1. 24 (Feb. 1897), 
 
 584-588. 
 1897. The present and future of Cuba. Fidel G. Pierra. Forum, vol. 22 (Feb. 1897), 
 
 659-672. 
 1897. Cycling in Cuba. C. P. Sweeny. Outing, vol. 29 (Feb. 1897), 424. 
 1897. Cuba and the Cubans. Chambers's journal, vol. 74 (Mar. 6, 1897), 153-155. 
 1897. International law and Cuba. Joseph French Johnson. Citizen, vol. 3 (Mar. 
 
 1897), 5-7. 
 1897. Analysis of Cuban population. Raimundo Cabrera. Gunton's magazine, vol. 
 
 12 (Mar. 1897), 186-190. 
 1897. The United States and Cuba. Henri Rochefort. Forum, vol. 23 (Apr. 1897), 
 
 155-162. 
 1897. The Cuban insurrection. Leon Aldama del Monte. Pall Mall magazine, vol. 
 
 12 (May 1897), 115-127. 
 1897. The real condition of Cuba to-day. Stephen Bonsai. Review of reviews, 
 
 vol. 15, (May 1897), 562-576. 
 1897. The Cuban revolt. Current history, vol. 7 (June 30, 1897), 338. 
 1897. Cuba, Spain, and the United States. Charles Benoist. Chautauquan, vol. 25 
 
 (July 1897), 384-388. 
 
 "Translated from 'Revue des deux mondes.' ' 
 1897. Why Spain has failed in Cuba. Thomas Gold Alvord, jr. Forum, vol. 23 
 
 (July 1897), 564-576. 
 1897. The United States and the liberation of the Spanish-American colonies. M. 
 
 Romero. North American review, vol. 165 (July 1897), 70-86. 
 1897. The provisional government of the Cubans. Thomas W. Steep. Arena, vol. 18 
 
 (Aug. 1897), 226-231. 
 1897. Some economic aspects of Cuba. C. A. Harris. Economic journal, vol. 7 
 
 (Sept. 1897), 435. 
 1897. The object lesson of the Cuban war. Leonard Williams. Westminster review, 
 
 vol. 148 (Sept.), 255-262. 
 1897. American annexation and armament. Murat Halstead. Forum, vol. 24 (Sept, 
 
 1897), 56-66. 
 1897. Is the Cuban capable of self-government? Thomas Gold Alvord, jr. Forum 
 
 vol. 24 (Sept. 1897), 119-128. 
 1897, The United States and the Spanish- American colonies: A reply. H. D. Money. 
 
 North American review, vol. 165 (Sept. 1897), 356-363. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 419 
 
 1897. Cuba and Spain. Bryan J. Clinch. Amer. Catholic quarterly rev., vol. 22 
 
 (Oct. 1897), 809-819. 
 1897. The new Cuban tariff and British trade. Board of trade j., vol. 23 (Oct. 1897), 
 
 427. 
 1897. L'ile deCuba. Etude physique, economiflue, historique et politique. A. Cres- 
 cent. Bulletin de la Societe du geographie, vol. 14 (Oct. 1, 1897), 454. 
 1897. The situation in Spain. Stephen Bonsai. American monthly review of 
 
 reviews, vol. 16 (Nov. 1897), 555-558. 
 1897. Some Cuban photographic sketches (photographs). Thomas R. Dawley, jr.. 
 
 Cosmopolitan, vol. 24 (Nov. 1897), 21-28. 
 1897. The Cuban question in its economic, political, and diplomatic aspects. Han- 
 
 nis Taylor. North American review, vol. 165 (Nov. 1897), 610-635. 
 1897. The crisis in Spain: The Carlist cause. Marquis de Ruvigny & C. Metcalf; 
 
 Cau'Sagasta save Spain. L. Williams. Fortnightly review, vol. 68 (Dec. 
 
 1897), 875-887. 
 1897. The policy of annexation for America (Cuba & Hawaii). James Bryce. 
 
 Forum, vol. 24 (Dec. 1897), 385-395. 
 
 1897. Terms of Cuban autonomy. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 65 (Dec. 30, 1897), 510. 
 
 1898. L'ile de Cuba, ses ressources et le d^veloppement possible de ses relations avec 
 
 la France. A. Hiriart. Journal des economistes, 1898. 
 1898. Les Anglais a Cuba au xviii'' siecle. Revue encyclopedique, vol. 8 (1898), 703, 
 1898. Revue des travaux publics (1896-1897. ) G. Dumont. Revue encyclopedique. 
 
 vol. 8 (1898), 332-338. 
 1898. -Santiago de Cuba. C. de Larsulle. Revue frangaise, vol. 23 (1898), 359. 
 1898. L' insurrection Cubaine. G. Vasco. Revue frangaise, vol. 23 (1898), 417. 
 1898. Cuban autonomy and Cuban trade. Board of Trade j., vol. 24 (Jan. 1898), 25. 
 1898. The Cuban question; the new constitution for Cuba; conciliation; military 
 
 operations; death of Joaquin Ruiz; the rebel government; condition of 
 
 the reconcentrados; Cuba in the President's message; the De Lome inci- 
 dent; destruction of the Maine; Cuba in Congress. Current history, vol. 8 
 
 (Jan.-Apr. 1898), 9. 
 1898. L'autonomie cubaine et le conflit hispano-americain. A. Merignhac. Revue 
 
 du droit public et de la science politique, vol. 9 (Jan.-June 1898), 
 
 235-286. 
 1898. The Spanish Crisis. Blackwood's Edinburgh magazine, vol. 163 (Feb. 1898), 
 
 238-253. 
 1898. A test of national character. (The Maine disaster) Nation, vol. 66 (Feb. 24, 
 
 1898), 142. 
 1898. The starving Cubans. S. Scovel. Presbyterian Banner (Feb. 23, 1898), 3. 
 1898. The destruction of the "Maine." American monthly Rev. of reviews, vol. 17 
 
 (Mar. 1898), 259-262. 
 1898. Our duty to Cuba. H. D. Money. Forum, vol. 25 (Mar. 1898), 17-24. 
 1898. The situation in Cuba. C. E. Akers. Harper's weekly, vol. 42 (Mar. 12, 
 
 1898), 261. 
 1898. (Affairs in) Havana. Harold Martin. Harper's weekly, vol. 42 (Mar. 12,19, 
 
 26, 1898), 262, 270, 294. 
 1898. Cuban autonomy or independence? H. White. Nation, vol. 66 (Mar. 10, 
 
 1898), 178. 
 1898. The situation in Cuba to-day. Elbert B. Hastings. National magazine, vol. 7 
 
 (Mar. 1898), 551-559. 
 1898. Intervention of the United States in Cuba. John H. Latane. North American 
 
 review, vol. 166 (Mar. 1898), 350-361. 
 1898. Military life in Cuba. Illustrated. Army and navy journal, vol. 35 (Apr. 23, 
 
 1898), 640. 
 
420 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1898. War pictures. Illustrated American, vol. 23 (Apr. 30, 1898). 
 
 1898. The "Maine" disaster and after. Fred. T. Jane. Fortnightly review, vol.63 
 
 (Apr. 1898) , 640-649. 
 1898. The month in America. (Cuba and the United States; The '"Maine" explo- 
 sion) A. Maurice Low. National review, vol. 31 (Apr., 1898), 253-262. 
 1898. Cuba and Spain: a historical sketch. Outlook, vol. 58 (Apr. 9, 1898), 909-910. 
 1898. The Red cross in Cuba. Clara Barton, as interviewed by Elbert F. Baldwin. 
 
 Outlook, vol. 58 (Apr. 9, 1898), 911-916. 
 1898. A practical plan of relief in Cuba. William Willard Howard. Outlook, vol. 
 
 58 (Apr. 9, 1898), 916-919. 
 1898. International law and the Cuban question. Thomas H. Shearman. Outlook, 
 
 vol. 58 (Apr. 16, 1898), 986-987. 
 1898. The United States and Cuba: 1, The argument for recognizing independence. 
 
 2, The argument for autonomy. A jjlanter in Cuba. 3,' The argument 
 
 for neutrality. William J. Palmer. Outlook, vol. 58 (Apr. 23, 1898), 
 
 1010-1015. 
 1898. The President's message. Intervention without recognition. Thomas Jeffer- 
 son on Cuba. Public opinion, vol. 24 (Apr. 14, 1898), 451-455. 
 1898. L'Espagne et les Etats-Unis. C. Benoist. Revue des deux mondes, vol. 146 
 
 (Apr. 15, 1898), 946. 
 1898. Intervention and the recognition of Cuban independence. Amos S. Hershey. 
 
 American academy of political and social science, Annals, vol. 11 (May, 
 
 1898), 53-80. 
 1898. Cuba's charter of freedom. A memorable Apr. 19. Impressive unanimity at 
 
 Washington. The "Peace" men awoke a year too late. The "Maine" 
 
 incident caused delay. The long-awaited message. Action in Congress. 
 
 The question of "recognition." American monthly review of reviews, 
 
 vol. 17 (May 1898), 515-519. 
 1898. Cuba and her people. William Elroy Curtis. Chautauquan, vol. 27 (May 
 
 1898), 185-190. 
 1898. Our war with Spain begun. Illustrated. Portraits. Christian herald, vol. 21 
 
 (May 4, 1898), 390. 
 1898. Spain and Cuba. C. H. Lincoln. Citizen, vol. 4 (May 1898), 54-55. 
 1898. Seen and heard in Cuba's capital. Illustrated. G. Willetts. Ev'ry month, 
 
 vol. 6 (May 1898), 2. 
 1898. Glimpses of Havana and the Havanese. Richard Davy. Fortnightly review, 
 
 vol. 63 (May 1898), 705-722. 
 1898. The Spanish-American war. The U. S. and Cuban independence. Fred. J. 
 
 Matheson. The mournful case of Cuba. G. H. D. Gossip. Fortnightly 
 
 rev., vol. 63 (May 1898), 816-843. 
 1898. The United States and Cuban independence. Fred. J. Matheson. Living age, 
 
 vol. 217 (May 21, 1898), 505-517. Fortnightly review, vol. 63 (May 1898), 
 
 816-832. 
 1898. National geographic magazine, vol. 9 (May 1898) Cuba number: Cuba, with 
 
 maps and illustrations. R. T. Hill. — Origin of West India bird life. 
 
 F. M. Chapman. — Trade of the United States with Cuba. John Hyde. — 
 
 Capt. Charles D. Sigsbee. H. Gannett. 
 1898. A Cuban insurgent newspaper. Thomas W. Steep. National magazine, vol. 8 
 
 (May 1898), 147-149. 
 1898. Episodes of the month; the irrepressible conflict (U. S. and Cuba); an abomi- 
 nation of desolation (Cuba); saving Spain from herself; Sen. Proctor's 
 
 speech, etc. National review, vol. 31 (May 1898), 325-332. 
 1898. American affairs. A. Maurice Low. National review, vol. 31 (May 1898), 
 
 403-416. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 421 
 
 1898. England's duties as a neutral. John Macdonell. Nineteenth century, vol. 43 
 
 (May 1898), 693-702. 
 1898. Our work and observations in Cuba. Clara Barton. North American review, 
 
 vol. 166 (May 1898), 552-559. 
 1898. The insurgent government in Cuba. Horatio S. Rubens. North American 
 
 review, vol. 166 (May 1898), 560-569. 
 1898. A Spanish soldier's views on Cuba. Saturday review, vol. 85 (May 7, 1898), 
 
 611-618. 
 1898. Virtuous America. Saturday review, vol. 85 (May 14, 1898), 649-650. 
 1898. The Cuban i-evolt and the constitution. Edward B. Whitney. Yale review, 
 
 vol. 7 (May 1898), 8-23. 
 1898. Ten months with the Cuban insurgents. Emory W. Fenn. Century maga- 
 zine, vol. 56 (June 1898), 302-307. 
 1898. In Havana just before the war. Frances Courtenay Baylor. Cosmopolitan, 
 
 vol. 25 (June 1898), 127-134. 
 1898. Some previous expeditions to tropical coimtries [Havana, 1741, 1762, Nicara- 
 gua, 1780] A. W. Greely. Cosmopolitan, vol. 25 (June 1898), 135-142. 
 1898. Cuba and her struggle for freedom. Fitzhugh Lee. Fortnightly review, vol 
 
 69 (June 1898), 855-866. Living age, vol. 218 (July 16, 1898), 155-163 
 
 Public opinion, vol. 25 (July 7, 1898), 5, excerpt. 
 1898. Our war with Spain: its justice and necessity. J. B. Foraker. Forum, vol 
 
 25 (June 1898), 385-395. 
 1898. The Hull army bill. John A. T. Hull. Forum, vol. 25 (June 1898), 396-402 
 1898. Cuba and its value as a colony. Robert T. Hill. Forum, vol. 25 (June 1898) 
 
 403-415. 
 1898. The war for Cuba. Joseph Edgar Chamberlin. Forum, vol. 25 (June 1898) 
 
 416-425. 
 1898. A' century of Cuban diplomacy. 1795 to 1895. Albert Bushnell Hart. Har- 
 per's magazine, vol. 97 (June 1898), 127*-134*. 
 1898. Cuba under Spanish rule. Fitzhugh Lee. McClure's magazine, vol. 11 (June 
 
 1898), 99-114. 
 1898. La guerre Hispano-Americaine et le droit des gens. Rev. des deux mondes, 
 
 vol. 147 (June 1898), 518. 
 1898. Spain and the United States: the past and the future. L. G. C. Laughton. 
 
 United Service mag., vol. 138 (June 1898), 303. 
 1898. The Cuban insurrection. G. C. Musgrave. Contemporary review, vol. 74 
 
 (July 1898), 1-19. 
 1898. The truth .about the "Maine" disaster. H. W. Wilson. National review, 
 
 vol. 31 (July 1898), 671-682. 
 1898. The capture of Havana by England, 1762. John Adye. Nineteenth century, 
 
 vol. 44 (July 1898), 116-124. 
 1898. The United States and Spain. Quarterly review, vol. 188 (July 1898), 216- 
 
 241. Review of war in Cuba. 
 1898. Havana, the Cuban capital and its people. Richard Davey. Self-culture, vol. 7 
 
 (July 1898) , 311-318. 
 1898. Mexico and the Hispano-American conflict. Laniger D. Kocen. Westminster 
 
 review vol. 150 (July 1898) 11-17. 
 1898. Cuba. Commerce, resources, tariff, etc. Bureau of American republics. 
 
 Monthly bulletin, vol. 6 (Aug. 1898). 
 1898. The sanitary regeneration of Havana. George M. Sternberg. Century maga- 
 zine vol. 56 (Aug. 1898) 578-583. 
 1898. Cuba as seen from the inside. Osgood Welsh. Century magazine, vol. 56 
 
 (Aug. 1898), 586-593. 
 
422 . HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1898. The dynastic crisis in Spain. A Spaniard. Fortnightly review, vol. 70 (Aug. 
 
 1898), 175-204. 
 1898. The Spanish war and the equilibrium of the world. Brooks Adams. Forum, 
 
 vol. 25 (Aug. 1898), 641-651. 
 1898. My ride across Cuba. Andrew S. Eowan. McClure's magazine, vol. 11 (Aug. 
 
 1898), 372-379. 
 "The story of a secret mission to the Cuban leaders." 
 
 1898. Multiplying difficulties in Cuba. E. Ogden. Nation, vol. 67 (Aug. 4, 1898), 
 
 84-85. 
 1898. Disease in Cuba. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 67 (Aug. 25, 1898), 144-145. 
 1898. The Spaniards in Cuba. Antonio Gonzalo Perez. Nineteenth century, vol. 44 
 
 (Aug. 1898), 196-207. 
 1898. The Cuban insurgents; their defects and merits. Oliver 0. Howard. Out- 
 look, vol. 59 (Aug. 20, 1898), 973-975. 
 1898. La revolution cubaine jusqu'a, I'intervention americaine. E. Bouscon. 
 
 Revue encyclopedique (Aug. 20, 1898), 730. 
 1898. Raised shore-lines on Cape Maysi, Cuba. Oscar H. Hershey. Science, n. s., 
 
 vol. 8 (Aug. 12, 1898), 179-180. 
 1898. The chase of Cervera. John R. Spears. Scribner's magazine, vol. 24 (Aug. 
 
 1898), 144-152. 
 1898. Episodes of the war; the first engagement of American troops on Cuban soil. 
 
 James F. J. Archibald. The affair of the Winslow. John R. Spears. 
 
 The landing of the armj^ Richard- Harding Davis. Scribner's, vol. 24 
 
 (Aug. 1898), 177-186. 
 1898. Some economic consequences of the liberation of Cuba. G. Kingsley Olmsted. 
 
 Yale review, vol. 7 (Aug. 1898), 168-179. 
 " Cuba and the sugar crisis." 
 
 1898. The occupation of Porto Rico. John A. Church. Am. monthly review of 
 
 reviews, vol. 18 (Sept. 1898), 281-289. 
 1898. Cost and finances of the Spanish war. Charles A. Conant. Am. monthly 
 
 review of reviews, vol. 18 (Sept. 1898), 314-320. 
 1898. The end of an old song: confessions of a Cuban governor. Blackwood's Edin- 
 burgh magazine, vol. 164 (Sept. 1898), 422-435. 
 1898. Mineral resources of Cuba, Bureau of American Republics, Monthly bulletin, 
 
 vol. 6, pt. 1 (Sept. 1898), 459. 
 1898. Incidents of the Cuban blockade: Walter Russell. Century magazine, vol. 56 
 
 (Sept. 1898), 655-661. 
 1898. Life and society in old Cuba: extracts from the journal of Jonathan S. Jenkins. 
 
 Century magazine, vol. 56 (Sept. 1898), 742-752 (Oct. 1898), 941-951. 
 1898. The territory with which we are threatened. Whitelaw Reid. Century mag- 
 azine, vol. 56 (Sept. 1898), 788-794. 
 1898. Some thoughts on the policy of the United States. James Bryce. Harper's 
 
 mag., vol. 97 (Sept. 1898), 609-618. 
 1898. What is to be done with Cuba? Mayo W. Hazeltine. No. Amer. rev., vol. 
 
 167 (Sept. 1898), 318-325. 
 1898. The archaeology of Cuba. D. G. Bristow. Amer. archaiol., vol. 2 (Oct. 1898), 
 1898. Commercial conditions in Cuba. Robert P. Porter. Bur. of Amer. Republics. 
 
 Monthly bulletin, vol. 6, pt. 1 (Oct. 1898) , 581-583. 
 1898. Tonnage dues in Cuba. Bur. of Amer. Republic. Monthly bulletin, vol. 6, 
 
 pt. 1 (Oct. 1898), 640-641. 
 1898. A diary at Santiago. Frederick W. Ramsden. Fortnightly rev., N. S., vol. 
 
 64 (Oct. 1898), 509-526 (Nov. 1898), 715-725. 
 1898. The conduct of the Cubans in the late war. O. O. Howard. Forum, vol. 
 
 26 (Oct. 1898), 152-156. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 423 
 
 1898. The dangers of imperialism. AVilliam MacDonald. Forum, vol. 26 (Oct. 
 
 1898) , 177-187. 
 1898. How I landed in Cuba. Phil Kobinson. Good words, vol. 39 (Oct. 1898), 
 
 678-684. 
 1898. Our future policy. J.G.Carlisle. Harper's mag., vol. 97 (Oct. 1898), 720- 
 
 728. 
 1898. Our war with Spain. Ki chard H. Titherington. Munsey's magazine, vol. 20 
 
 (Oct. 1898-Mar. 1899), 113, 205, 429, 529, 752, 895, vol. 21 (Apr. -Aug. 
 
 1899) , 40, 258, 399, 575, 750. 
 1898. Some episodes of the ten years' war in Cuba. A. G. Perez. United Service 
 
 mag., vol. 139 (Oct. 1898), 89. 
 1898. Life and society in old Cuba: Extracts from the journal of Jonathan S. 
 
 Jenkins. Century magazine, vol. 57 (Nov. 1898), 148-153 (Dec. 1898), 
 
 310-313. 
 1898. Cuba for the Cubans. Antonio Gonzalo Perez. Contemporary rev., vol. 74 
 
 (Nov. 1898), 692-701. Eclectric magazine, vol. 131 (Dec. 1898), 786-792. 
 1898. The moral of the Cuban war. Goldwin Smith. Forum, vol. 26 (Nov. 1898), 
 
 282-293. 
 1898. Cuba as an allied republic of the United States. Paul Carus. Open court, vol. 
 
 12 (Nov. 1898), 690-693. 
 1898. The opinion of a Cuban on annexation. E. F. Rodriguez. Open court, vol. 12 
 
 (Nov. 1898), 700-701. 
 1898. The doctrine of intervention. Charles Denby. Forum, vol. 26 (Dec. 1898), 
 
 385-392. 
 1898. The commercial argument for Cuban annexation. Edwin F. Atkins. Inde- 
 pendent, vol. 50 (Dec. 1, 1898), 1568-1569. 
 ■1898. Cuba, the picturesque. Henry M. Stegman. Munsey's magazine, vol. 20 
 
 (Dec. 1898), 416^28. 
 1898. West Indian gorillas. A picture of the social conditions in Cuba. Felix L. 
 
 Oswald. Open court, vol. 12 (Dec. 1898), 714-719. 
 1898. In the rifle-pits [Santiago] Richard Harding Davis. Scribner, vol. 24 (Dec. 
 
 1898), 644-658. 
 
 1898. Cuban pictures. Helen Clergue. Temple bar, vol. 115 (Dec. 1898), 535-546. 
 
 1899. Die geographische ursachen von Spaniens Niedergang. J. Maerker. Geogr. 
 
 Zeitung, vol. 5 (1899), pp. 177-189. 
 1899. Die Eroberung Cuba's durch die Vereinigten Staataen und die zukunft der euro- 
 
 paischen zuckerindustrie. Zeitschrift fiir Socialwissensch, jahrg. 1, heft 1 
 
 (1898) 
 1899. Our Federal constitution and the government of tropical territories. H. P. 
 
 Judson. Amer. rev. of reviews, vol. 19 (Jan. 1899), 67. 
 1899. The Spanish administration in the Philippines. Catholic world, vol. 68 (Jan. 
 
 1899), 531-548. 
 
 Review of Dean C. Worcester's The Philippine islands and their people. 
 
 1899. Annexation, "The open door," and the constitution. Edmund Briggs. Cathol. 
 
 world, vol. 68 (Jan. 1899), 549-555. 
 1899. The relation of the United States to their new dependencies. A. T. Mahan. 
 
 Eng. mag., vol. 16 (Jan. 1899), 521. 
 1899. The fighting engineers at Santiago. A. Warren. Eng. mag., vol. 16 (Jan. 
 
 1899), 533. 
 1899. Colonel Waring on the sanitation of Havana. Forum, 27 (Jan. 1899), 529. 
 1899. The palmas of Cuba. J. I. Torralbas. Island of Cuba mag., vol. 1 (Jan. 
 
 1899), 9. 
 1899. Climatological architecture. A. C. Vinageras. Island of Cuba mag., vol. 1 
 
 (Jan. 1899), 13. 
 
424 HANDBOOK OF OUBA. 
 
 1899. La educacion tecnica en Cuba. A. C. Vinageras. Island of Cuba mag., vol. 1 
 
 (Jan. 1899), 27. 
 1899. What is to be done with Cuba. A. C. Vinageras. Island of Cuba mag., vol. 1 
 
 (Jan. 1899), 35. 
 1899. Remarques sur la guerre hispano-americaine. Le Comte D . Journal d. 
 
 sciences militaires, Jan. 1899. 
 1899. Cuban reconstruction. Richard J. Hinton. No. Amer. rev., vol. 168 (Jan. 
 
 1899), 92-102. 
 1899. Revelations of American diplomacy. M. de Gauniers. La Nouvelle revue, Jan. 
 " Claims to reveal the secret negotiations relative to Cuba from 1820 to 1898." 
 
 1899. The red cross in the Spanish war. M. A. Hamm. Rev. of reviews (Amer.), 
 
 vol. 19 (Jan. 1899), 56. 
 1899. The rough riders. Theodore Roosevelt. Scribner's magazine, vol. 25 (Jan.- 
 
 June 1899), 3, 131, 259, 420, 565, 677. 
 1899. A ride into Cuba for the red cross. Charles R. Gill. Scribner's magazine, 
 
 vol. 25 (Jan. 1899), 111-118. 
 1899. The American debate on expansion. Spectator, vol. 82 (Jan. 14, 1899), 43-44. 
 1899. La guerre hispano-americaine. E. B. Spectateur militaire, Jan. 1899. 
 1899. Events in Cuba' subsequent to the ten years' war (1878-1895) A. G. Perez. 
 
 United Service mag., vol. 139 (Jan. 1899), 385. 
 1899. The character of the Cubans. C. Mearriott. Amer. rev. of reviews, vol. 19 
 
 (Feb. 1899), 176. 
 1899. The colonial expansion of the United States. A. Lawrence Lowell. Atlantic 
 
 monthly, vol. 83 (Feb. 1899), 145-154. 
 1899. Cuba and Armenia. Talcott Williams. Century magazine, vol. 57 (Feb. 1899), 
 
 634-635. 
 
 "Open letter." 
 
 1899. The mineral resources of the island of Cuba. J. S. Cox, jr. Engineering mag. , 
 
 vol. 16 (Feb. 1899), 745. 
 1899. Cuba's industrial problems. Gunton's magazine, vol. 16 (Feb. 1899), 119-131. 
 1899. The Spanish -American war. Henry Cabot Lodge. Harper's new monthly 
 
 magazine, vol. 98 (Feb. 1899), 449-464. 
 1899. La guerre hispano-americaine. E. Dubor. Revue encyclopedique, vol. 9 (Feb. 
 
 25, 1899), 141. 
 1899. Some young Cuban leaders in Cuban reconstruction. Amer. rev. of rev., vol. 
 
 19 (Mar. 1899), 319. 
 1899. America's debt to England (in Cuban imbroglio) A. M. Low. Anglo-Amer. 
 
 mag., vol. 1 (Mar. 1899), 148. 
 1899. Experiences of a war censor. Grant Squires. Atlantic, vol. 83 (Mar. 1899), 
 
 426. 
 1899. Customs tariff of Cuba. Board of trade j., vol. 26 (Mar. 1899), 307. 
 1899. The church in Cuba. E. S. Houston. Catholic world, vol. 68 (Mar. 1899), 
 
 794-804. 
 1899. The Winslow at Cardenas. J. B. Bernadon. Century, vol. 57 (Mar. 1899), 
 
 698. 
 1899. Cable-cutting at Cienfuegos. C. M. Winslow. Century, vol. 57 (Mar. 1899), 
 
 708. . • 
 
 1899. The sinking of the Merrimac. R. P. Hobson. The Century, vol. 57 (Mar. 
 
 1899), 752. 
 1899. General Wood at Santiago. H. H. Lewis. Fortnightly rev., vol. 65 (Mar. 
 
 1889), 401. 
 1899. A lost Eden: Cuba. F. L. Oswald. Forum, vol. 27 (Mar. 1899), 95-100. 
 1899. Campaigning with Gomez. T. R. Dawley. Frank Leslie's popular monthly, 
 
 vol. 47 (Mar. 1899), 536. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 425 
 
 1899. The Spanish-American war. H. C. Lodge. Harper's mag., vol. 98 (Mar. 
 
 1899), 505. 
 1899. Americanizing a Cuban city (Santiago) . H. H. Lewis. McOlure, vol. 12 
 
 (Mar. 1899), 460. 
 1899. Cuba — her present condition and needs. A. McLean. Missionary review, 
 
 vol. 12 (Mar. 1899), 170. 
 1899. The regeneration of Cuba. George Kennan. Outlook, vol. 61 (Mar. 4, 1899), 
 
 497-501. 
 
 Same. Outlook, vol. 61 (Mar. 4, 18, Apr. 8, 15, 29, 1899), 497, 627, 813, 871, 
 
 957. 
 
 Same. Outlook, vol. 62 (May 13, 27, June 10, July 8, 15, 1899) , 109, 202, 334, 
 
 561, 608. 
 
 • Same. Outlook^ vol. 63 (Sept. 9, 16, Oct. 14, 1899), 110, 151, 407. 
 
 1899. Friction in Cuba. George Kennan. Outlook, vol. 61 (Mar. 25, 1899), 675-678. 
 " Special letter on General Wood's work." 
 
 1899. The inner history of Cervera's sortie. R. V. Hamilton. U. S. mag., vol. 139 
 
 (Mar. 1899), 607. 
 1899. Machine guns in the Spanish-American war. J. H. Parker. LT. S. mag., vol. 
 
 139 (Mar. 1899) 629. 
 1899. The rough riders. T. Roosevelt. Scribner's mag., vol. 25 (Mar. 1899), 259. 
 1S99. America and "Malay" in Hawaii. W. L. Marvin. Amer. rev. of reviews, 
 
 vol. 19 (Apr. 1898), 457. 
 1899. A practical view of Cuba. James M. McGinley. Catholic world, vol. 69 
 
 (Apr. 1899), 72-80. 
 1899. The Spanish government versus the nation. H. B. Clarke. Forum, vol. 27 
 
 (Apr. 1899), 156. 
 1899. The Indian civil service as a model for Cuba and the Philippines. Sir John 
 
 Jardine. Imperial and Asiatic quarterly review, 3d ser., vol. 7 (Apr. 
 
 1899), 225-241. 
 1899. Better days in Cuba. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 68 (Apr. 13, 1899), 272. 
 1899. The future of Cuba. Robert P. Porter. North Amer. rev., vol. 168 (Apr. 
 
 1899), 418-423. 
 1899. Cuban relief: a practical plan. William Willard Howard. Outlook, vol. 61 
 
 (Apr. 29, 1899), 983-966. 
 1899. Navires de guerre et batteries de cote. Operations de I'escadre Americaine a 
 
 Santiago de Cuba. C. Benoit. Revue d!artillerie, avril, 1897. 
 1899. La guerre hispano-americaine et les droits des gens. M. Paisant. Revue 
 
 encycl., vol. 9 (Apr. 15, 1899), 288. 
 1899. The republic of Cuba. Richard J. Hinton. Arena, vol. 21 (May 1899), 
 
 587-600. 
 .1899. Mineral resources of the Antilles, Hawaii, and the Philippines. David T. 
 
 Day. Engineering magazine, vol. 17 (May 1899), 242. 
 1899. The war with Spain. Nelson A. Miles. North Amer. review, vol. 168 (May 
 
 1899), 513-529 (June 1899), 749-760; vol. 169 (July 1899), 125-137. 
 
 Same. North Amer. review, vol. 168 (June 1899), 749-760. 
 
 1899. The existing conditions and needs in Cuba. Leonard Wood. North Amer. 
 
 review, vol. 168 (May 1899), 593-601. 
 1899. The outlook in Cuba. Herbert Pelham Williams. Atlantic monthly, vol. 83 
 
 (June 1899), 827-836. 
 1899. The independence of Cuba. Antonio Gonzalo Perez. Contemporary rev. 
 
 vol. 76 (July 1899), 118-131. 
 1899. International law in the late war. Henry Wade Rogers. Forum (July 
 
 1899), 578-591. 
 
426 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1899. The capture of Santiago, in Cuba, 1662. Christopher Myngo. English histor- 
 ical review, vol. 14 (July 1899), 536-554. 
 
 1898. Cuba under American rule. Walstein Root. Munsey magazine, vol. 21 
 
 (July 1898), 561-574. 
 
 1899. The logic of our position in Cuba. By an officer of the army of occupation. 
 
 North Amer. review, vol. 169 (July 1899), 109-115. 
 1899. The present situation in Cuba. Leonard Wood. Century magazine, vol. 58 
 
 (Aug. 1899), 639-640. 
 1899. The Cuban as a labor problem. William Willard Howard. Century magazine, 
 
 vol. 58 (Aug. 1899), 640-641. 
 1899. A paradise regained : Cuba. George Reno. Forum, vol. 27 (Aug. 1899), 669- 
 
 677. 
 1899. Relieving the Cuban reconcentrados. Clara Barton. Independent, vol. 51 
 
 (Aug. 3, 1899), 2067-2071. 
 1899. The Cuban educational association of the United States. Gilbert K. Harroun. 
 
 American monthly review of reviews, vol. 20 (Sept. 1899), 334-335. 
 1899. Cuban renovation. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 69 (Sept. 28, 1899), 237-238. 
 1899. The flag and trade: a summary review of the trade of the chief colonial empires. 
 
 A. W. Flux. Royal statistical society. Journal, vol. 62 (Sept. 1899), 
 
 489-522. Cuba, pp. 510-512. 
 1899. Le peuple Espagnol. A. Fouillee. Rev.' d. deux Mondes, vol. 155 (Oct. 1, 
 
 1899), 181. 
 1899. Cuba in suspension. C. W. Pepper. Harper's mag., vol. 99 (Nov. 1899), 965. 
 1899. The "open door" policy in the Philippines. Frank D. Patey. No. Amer. rev., 
 
 vol. 169 (Nov. 1899), 661-668. 
 1899. The Outlook farm in Cuba. Clarence Ross Gale. Outlook, vol. 63 (Nov. 4, 
 
 1899), 603-604. 
 
 1899. Cuban character. G. Kennan. Outlook, vol. 63 (Dec. 23, 30, 1899), 959-965, 
 
 1016-1022. 
 
 1900. Cuba, son avenir. Societe d' Etudes coloniales. Bulletin, vol. 7 (1900), 
 
 779-792. 
 
 Based upon recent publications on the economic conditions of Cuba. 
 
 1900. Cuba. Collections of revenues at Havana in 1899; Discovery of rich gold de- 
 posits; Number of domestic animals imported. Bur. of Amer. Republics, 
 vol. 8 (Feb. 1900), 238-239. 
 
 1900. Criminal jurisprudence in Cuba. -Charlton T. Lewis. Charities review, vol. 
 9 (Feb. 1900), 552-557. 
 
 1900. American misgovernment of Cuba. J. E. Runcie. North American review, 
 vol. 170 (Feb. 1 900) , 284-294. 
 
 1900. A midwinter tramp from Santiago to Havana. H. Phelps Whitemarsh. Cen- 
 tury magazine, vol. 59 (Mar. 1900), 768-777. 
 
 1900. The church in Cuba. C. W. Currier. Conservative review, vol. 3 (Mch. 
 1900), 190. 
 
 1900. The Cuban situation. O. G. Villard. Nation, vol. 70 (Mar. 15, 1900), 201. 
 
 1900. Legal reform in Cuba. J. D. Whelpley. Independent, vol. 52 (Mar. 29, 
 1900), 765-768. 
 
 1900. University and school in the late Spanish colonies. John J. O'Shea. Ameri- 
 can Catholic quarterly review, vol. 25 (Apr. 1900), 329-349. 
 
 1900. The church and church property in the island of Cuba. J. I. Rodriguez. 
 American Catholic quarterly review, vol. 25 (Apr. 1900), 366-390. 
 
 1900. The outlook in Cuba from a commercial engineering point of view. E. V. 
 Gould. Cassier's magazine, vol. 17 (Apr. 1900), 498. 
 
 1900. The sanitary problem in Havana. Harper's weekly, vol. 44 (June 23, 1900), 
 588. 
 
handbook: of cuba. ^ 427 
 
 1900. The Cuban elections. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 70 (June 21, 1900), 471. 
 1900. Some observations on the status of Cuba. Carman F. Randolph. Yale law 
 
 journal, vol. 9 (June 1900), 353-364. 
 1900. Financial condition of the city (Havana). American academy of political sci- 
 ence. Annals, vol. 16 (July 1900), 159. 
 1900. Cuba of to-day and to-morrow. J. D. Whelpley. Atlantic monthly, vol. 86 
 
 (July 1900) , 45-52. 
 1900. Our foreign relations: the United States in Cuba. Leonora Beck Ellis. 
 
 Arena, vol. 24 (July 1900), 57-63. 
 1900. Society in Cuba. Mary C. Francis. Munsey's magazine, vol. 23 (July 1900), 
 
 489-500. 
 1900. What form of government should Cuba libre adopt? Henry Banga. Inde- 
 pendent, vol. 52 (Aug. 9, 1900), 1893-1896. 
 1900. Cuba's foreign relations. H. White. Nation, vol. 71 (Aug. 2, 1900), 85-86. 
 1900. The electric railways of Havana. Street railway journal, vol. 16 (Aug. 4, 1900), 
 
 724. 
 1900. The era of education in Cuba. Mary C. Francis. Munsey's magazine, vol. 23 
 
 (Sept. 1900), 806-812. 
 1900. Why Cuba should be independent. Charles Warren Currier. Forum, vol. 30 
 
 (Oct. 1900), 139-146. 
 1900. A plea for the annexation of Cuba. A Cuban. Forum, vol. 30 (Oct. 1900), 
 
 202-214. 
 1900. Distrustful Cuba. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 71 (Oct. 25, 1900), 324. 
 1900. Cuba as a field for emigration. Chambers's journal, vol. 77 (Nov. 1, 1900), 
 
 708-711. 
 1900. The greatest charity scheme of the century. Frank A. Munsey. Munsey's 
 
 magazine, vol. 24 (Nov. 1898), 234-236. 
 . 1900. The Cuban republic — limited. W. Wellman. American monthly review of 
 
 reviews, vol. 22 (Dec. 1900), 70S. 
 1900. Can there ever be a Cuban republic? J. I. Rodriguez. Forum, vol. 30 (Dec. 
 
 1900), 436-441. 
 1900. Cuban self-government. Albert Gardner Robinson. Independent, vol. 52 
 
 (Dec. 13, 1900), 2968-2971. 
 1900. The real Cuban. Albert Gardner Robinson. Independent, vol. 52 (Dec. 20, 
 
 1900), 3030-3034. 
 1900. The overreaching of Cuba. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 71 (Dec. 13, 1900), 459- 
 
 460. 
 
 1900. Emigration to Cuba. Albert Griffin. [Letter to the editor] Outlook, vol. 
 
 66 (Dec. 29, 1900), 1057-1058. 
 
 1901. Bituminous deposits situated at the south and east of Cardenas, Cuba. By 
 
 H. Peckham. With sketch-maps. American journal of science, vol. 12 
 (1901), 33-41. 
 
 1901. The judiciary of Cuba. Green bag, vol. 13 (Jan. 1901) , 41-44. 
 
 1901. The constitutional convention in Cuba. Maurice Baldwin. National maga- 
 zine, vol. 13 (Jan. 1901), 267-274. 
 
 1901. The Cuban school question. Albert Gardner Robinson. Independent, vol. 
 53 (Feb. 14, 1901), 385-387. 
 
 1901. Cuban constitution making. Albert Gardner Robinson. Independent, vol. 
 53 (Feb. 21, 1901), 435-438. 
 
 1901. Cuban independence. The literary digest, vol. 22 (Feb. 16, 1901), 181-182. 
 
 1901. Cuban casuistry. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 72 (Feb. 7, 1901), 105-106. 
 
 1901. Breaking faith with Cuba. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 72 (Feb. 28, 1901), 168. 
 
 1901. Our educational responsibility in Cuba. L. B. Ellis. Gunton's mag., vol. 20 
 (Mar. 1901), 255. 
 
428 " HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1901. Cuba's cause of offense. Albert Gardner Robinson. Independent, vol. 53 
 
 (Mar. 21, 1901), 671-674. 
 1901. The tariff bribe for Cuba. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 72 (Mar. 28, 1901), 248. 
 1901. The independence of Cuba. Frank D. Pavej'. Thinks it incumbent on t-he 
 
 U. S. to fulfill pledge of the resolutions of Congress of 1898. No. Amer. rev., 
 
 vol. 172 (Mar. 1901), 403-415. 
 1901. Cuba and the Philippines. Outlook, vol. 67 (Mar. 9, 1901), 567-570. 
 1901. Cuban independence. John White Chadwick. [Letter to the editors] Out- 
 look, vol. 67 (Mar. 30, 1901), 742. 
 1901. The height and weight of the Cuban teachers. Dudley Allen Sargent. Popu- 
 lar science monthly, vol. 58 (Mar. 1901), 480-492. 
 1901. Cuba's commercial future. George D. McCreary. Independent, vol. 53 (Apr. 
 
 25, 1901), 957-958. 
 1901. The failure in Cuba. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 72 (Apr. 18, 1901), 308-309. 
 1901. Explaining it to the Cubans. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 72 (Apr. 25, 1901), 
 
 330-331. 
 1901. Cuba and Congress. Albert J. Beveridge. North Amei'ican review, vol. 172 
 
 (Apr. 1901), 535-550. 
 1901. Les Etats-Unis et Cuba Libre. Achille Viallate. Annales des sciences poli- 
 
 tiques, vol. 16 (May 1901), 320-340. 
 1901. Some Cuban opinions. Albert Gardner Robinson. Independent, vol. 53 
 
 (May 9, 1901), 1055-1061. 
 1901. Questions about Cuba. Nation, Vol. 72 (May 16, 1901), 390-391. 
 1901. The Cuban problem. Protectionist, vol. 13 (May 1901), 53-55. 
 1901. The solution of the Cuban problem. 0. H. Piatt. World's work, vol. 2 (May 
 
 1901), 729. 
 1901. The work of the Cuban convention. Albert G. Robinson, Forum, vol. 31 
 
 (June 1901), 401-412. 
 1901. The pacification of Cuba. Orville H. Piatt. Independent, vol. 53 (June 27, 
 
 1901), 1464-1468. 
 1901. The result in Cuba. Albert Gardner Robinson. Independent, vol. 53 (June 
 
 27, 1901), 1469-1470. 
 1901. Our relation to the people of Cuba and Porto Rico. Orville H. Piatt. Ameri- 
 can academy of political and social science. Annals, vol. 18 (July 1901), 
 
 143-159; 
 1901. The Spanish population of Cuba and Porto Rico. Charles M. Pepper. Ameri- 
 can academy of political and social science. Annals, vol. 18 (July 1901), 
 
 161-178. 
 1901. The land question in Cuba. W. A. Candler. Independent, vol. 53 (July 25, 
 
 1901), 1736-1737. 
 1901. Significance of the Porto Rican problem. L. S. Rowe. North American review, 
 
 vol. 173 (July 1901), 35-39. 
 1901. A talk with General Wood. Edward Marshall. Outlook, vol. 68 (July 20, 
 
 1901) , 669-673. 
 1901. Cuba's industrial possibilities. Albert G. Robinson. American monthly 
 
 review of reviews, vol. 24 (Aug. 1901), 196-200. 
 1901. The Spanish treaty claims commission. J. I. Rodriguez. Forum, vol. 31 
 
 (Aug. 1901), 713-725. 
 1901. Development and present status of the law in Cuba. Lucius Q. C. Lamar. 
 
 All:»any law journal, vol. 63 (Sept. 1901), 349-356. 
 1901. Can Cubans govern Cuba? Edmond Wood. Forum, vol. 32 (Sept. 1901), 
 
 66-73. 
 1901. An "expert" on the Cuban constitution. F. J. Mather, jr. Nation, vol. 73 
 
 (Sept. 5, 1901), 180. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 429 
 
 1901. Cuba demands reciprocity. Emilio Nunez. Independent, vol. 53 (Oct. 31, 
 
 1901), 2579-2581. 
 1901. Cuban problems. E. Ogden. Nation, vol. 73 (Nov. 21, 1901), 390. 
 1901. The Spanish treaty claims commission: a rejoinder. Robert Hutcheson. 
 
 Forum, vol. 32 (Dec. 1901), 414-423. 
 1901. The Cuban problem. L. V. De Abad. Gunton's magazine, vol. 21 (Dec. 
 
 1901), 515-525. 
 1901. The need for reciprocity with Cuba. Leonard Wood. Independent, vol. 53 
 
 (Dec. 12, 1901), 2927-2929. 
 1901. The Cuban peril. H. White. Nation, vol. 73 (Dec. 19, 1901), 466. 
 
 1901. Cuba's imminent bankruptcy. Edwin F. Atkins. North Amer. rev., vol. 173 
 
 (Dec. 1901), 768-773. 
 
 1902. Le differend entre I'Espagne et les Etats-Unis au sujet de la question Cubaine. 
 
 Marquis de Olivart. Revue generale de droit international public, vol. 9 
 
 (1902), 161-202. 
 1902. Beobachtungen in Westindien, besonders auf Cuba und Hayti. E. Deckert. 
 
 Verein fiir Erdkunde. Mitteilungen, vol. (1902), xvii-xx. 
 1902. Is Cuba threatened with bankruptcy? American monthly review of reviews, 
 
 vol. 25 (Jan. 1902), 91. 
 1902. Our honor and Cuba's need. Marrion Wilcox. Forum, vol. 32 (Jan. 1902), 
 
 623-628. 
 1902. Cuba and the sugar tariff. Gunton's mag., vol. 22 (Jan. 1902), 5-8. 
 1902. Our duty to Cuba. Independent, vol. 54 (Jan. 9, 1902), 109-110. 
 1902. The outlook for Cuba. Albert Gardner Robinson. Independent, vol. 54 (Jan. 
 
 16, 1902), 135-138. 
 1902. The future of Cuba. Leonard Wood. Independent, vol. 54 (Jan. 23, 1902), 
 
 193-194. 
 1902.. Our "obligation" to Cuba. George Gunton. Institute of social economics. 
 
 Lecture bulletin (Jan. 15, 1902), 209-230. 
 Opposed to reduction of duties on sugar from Cuba. 
 
 1902. Political aspect of Cuba's economic distress. Josiah Quincy. North Amer. 
 
 rev., vol. 174 (Jan. 1902), 12-19. 
 1902. Reasons for reciprocity between the United States and Cuba. Leonard Wood. 
 
 Outlook, vol. 70 (Jan. 18, 1902) , 168-171. 
 1902. A new republic and its president. American monthly review of reviews, vol. 
 
 25 (Feb. 1902), 167-170. 
 1902. Cuban trade. Protectionist, vol. 13 (Feb. 1902), 598-600. 
 1902. The railways of Cuba. Railway magazine, vol. 10 (Feb. 1902), 129-135; 
 
 (Mar. 1902), 225-231. 
 1902. Germany and America. Spectator, vol. 88 (Feb. 22, 1902), 276-278. 
 On attitude toward America in Spanish-American War. 
 
 1902. Economic relief for Cuba. World's work, vol. 3 (Feb. 1902), 1695-1696. 
 1902. Cuba and its evangelization. D. W. Carter. Missionary review^ vol. 15 
 
 (Apr. 1902), 253-261. 
 1902. Some reflections on the state of Cuba. James Bryce. North American review, 
 
 vol. 174 (Apr. 1902), 445-456. 
 1902. Cuba et r administration americaine. Savine. Nouvelle revue, vol. (Apr. 1, 
 
 1902). 
 1902. The United States in Cuba. Charles G. Phelps. World's work, vol. 3 (Apr. 
 
 1902, 1986-1988. 
 1902. Our trade with Cuba and the Philippines. Clarence R. Edwards. American 
 
 academy of political and social science. Annals, vol. 19 (May 1902), 
 
 370-376. 
 
430 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1902. Strategic value of Uer West Indian possessions to the United States. W. V. 
 
 Judson. American academy of x>olitical and social science. Annals, vol. 
 
 19 (May 1902), 383-391. 
 1902. The relation of the nation to its dependencies. Eugene Stevenson. American 
 
 law review, vol. 36 (May-June 1902), 366-386. 
 1902. The Cuban reciprocity bill. Protectionist, vol. 14 (May 1902), 42-13. 
 1902. Public education in Cuba. Matthew E. Hanna. Atlantic monthly, vol. 89 
 
 (June 1902), 736-744. 
 1902. Our legacy to the Cuban republic. Albert G. Robinson. Forum, vol. 33 (June 
 
 1902), 450-458. 
 1902. The truth about Cuba. Henry Harrison Lewis. World's work, vol. 4 (June 
 
 1902), 2217-2221. 
 1902. Our account with Cuba. American monthly review of reviews, vol. 26 (July 
 
 1902), 89-91. 
 1902. Cuba's first steps in self-government. Albert Gardner Robinson. Independ- 
 ent, vol. 54 (July 17, 1902), 1705-1709. 
 1902. Industrial and commercial conditions in Cuba. Albert G. Robinson. Amer- 
 ican monthly review of reviews, vol. 26 (Aug. 1902), 195-201. 
 1902. The Cuban municipality. Victor S. Clark. American monthly review of 
 
 reviews, vol. 26 (Aug. 1902), 202-204. 
 1902. Cuba. The treasury of the republic. Condition from May 20-Jime 30, 1902. 
 
 Bureau of the American republics, bulletin, vol. 13 (Aug. 1902), 487. 
 1902. The industrial development of Cuba. Iron age, vol. 70 (Aug. 14, 1902), 16-17. 
 1902. Cuba's claim upon the United States. O. H. Piatt. North American review, 
 
 vol. 175 (Aug. 1902), 145-151. 
 1902. Cuba and the Brussels sugar conference. Yale review, vol. 11 (Aug. 1902), 
 
 120-122. 
 1902. Cuban reciprocity. A moral issue. William Allen White. McClure's, vol. 19 
 
 (Sept. 1902), 387-394. 
 1902. The new railroad system in Cuba. Railroad gazette, vol. 34 (Nov. 28, 1902), 
 
 908-909. 
 1902. Where Cuba stands. Emiho Nunez. The independent, vol. 54 (Dec. 4, 1902), 
 
 2877. 
 1902. The situation in Cuba. Marrion Wilcox. North American review, vol. 175 
 
 (Dec. 1902), 819. 
 
 Discusses failure of reciprocity treaty. 
 
 1902. The Cuban treaty. Outlook, vol. 72 (Dec. 27, 1902), 960-961. 
 
 1903. Cuba. Municipallegislation. Osgood Smith. American academy of political 
 
 and social science. Annals, vol. 21 (Jan. 1903), 128-130. 
 1903. The South and Cuba. Harper's weekly, vol. 47 (Jan. 31, 1903), 187. 
 1903. Latestaspects of the Cuban treaty. H.White. Nation, vol. 76 (Jan. 29, 1903), 
 
 84-85. 
 1903. RaiJroad development in Cuba. I. W. Davies. Scientific American, vol. 88 
 
 (Jan. 24, 1903), 61-62. 
 1903. The military government of Cuba. Leonard Wood. American academy of 
 
 political and social science. Annals, vol. 21 (Mar. 1903), 153-182. 
 1903. The proceedings of the first Cuban conference of charities and corrections. 
 
 Grace W. Minns. Charities, vol. 10 (Mar. 21, 1903), 284-286. 
 1903. More Cuban juggling. R. Ogden. Nation, vol. 76 (Mar. 19, 1908), 222. 
 1903. Economic administration in Cuba. Max Levy [Letter to the editor] Nation, 
 
 vol. 76 (Mar. 19, 1903), 225. 
 1903. Cuba sous 1' administration americaine. Othon Guerlac. Tour du monde, 9e 
 
 annee (Mar. 7, 14, 1903), 109-120, 121-132. 
 
HAT^DBOOK OF CUBA. 431 
 
 1903. Cuba sous r administration am^ricaine. (With illustrations). Othon Guerlac. 
 
 Le tour du monde, 9e annee, N. S. (Mar. 7, 1903), 77-120; (Mar. 14, 1903), 
 
 85-132. 
 1903. Archipelo d'Am^rique et d'Asie. L6on Deschamps. Revue de geographie, 
 
 27e annee (Apr. 1903), 344-353. 
 1903. American vs. European manufactures in Cuba. Scientific Ameri(;an Supple- 
 ment, vol. 55 (May 30, 1903), 22923. 
 1903. Financial conditions in Cuba to-day. Rafael Montoro. Harper's weekly, vol. 
 
 47 (June 20, 1903), 1052-1053. 
 1903. Reciprocity with Cuba. H. Parker Willis. American academy of political 
 
 and social science. Annals, vol. 22 (July 1903), 127-147. 
 1903. The first year of Cuban self-government. Matthew Elting Hanna. Atlantic 
 
 monthly, vol. 92 (July 1908), 113-120. 
 ,1903. The public charities of Cuba. Charities, vol. ii (July 11, 1903), 46-48. 
 1903. The new Cuban telegraphic service. Charles Minor Blackford, jr. Scientific 
 
 American supplement, vol. 56 (Aug. 22, 1903), 23104-23105. 
 1903. A botanical exploration of Cuba. Scientific American supplement, vol. 56 
 
 (Aug. 29, 1903), 23118-23119. 
 1903. Cuba (1898-1902). Gaston Rouvier. Revue universelle, vol. (Sept. 1, 1903), 
 
 449-453. 
 1903. Le differend entre I'Espagne et les Etats-Unis au sujet de la question cubaine. 
 
 De Olivart. Revue generale de droit international public, lOe annee 
 
 (Sept. -Oct. 1903), 577-602. 
 1903. Cuba hier et aujourd'hui. Paul Barre. Revue de geographie, 27e annee 
 
 (Aug. 1903), 148-166; (Oct. 1903), 336-355. 
 
 1903. On a Cuban ingenio. Naranja Amarga. Longman's magazine, vol. 43 (Nov. 
 
 1903), 71-81; Living age, vol. 239 (Dec. 26, 1903), 809-816. 
 
 1904. .Cuba and the Cubans. E. P. Herrick. Southern workman, vol. 33 (Feb. 
 
 1904), 103-107. 
 1904. The charities of a new republic [Cuba] Grace W. Minns. Charities, vol. 12 
 (Apr. 2, 1904), 337-340. 
 
 2d Cuban conference of charities and corrections. 
 
 1904. The business opportunities of Cuba. Frederic M. Noa. Scientific American 
 
 supplement, vol. 57 (Apr. 9, 1904), 23638. 
 1904. Cuba. Matthew Elting Hanna. Chautauquan, vol. 39 (May 1904), 228-242. 
 1904. The value of the "Piatt amendment." Harper's weekly, vol. 48 (May 7, 1904), 
 
 713-714. 
 1904. The Cuban reciprocity treaty. Dun's review, vol. 12 (June 25, 1904), 4-5. 
 1904. A fugitive sovereignty. William Hemstreet. National magazine, vol. 20 f June 
 
 1904), 267-271. 
 
 1904. Facts and phases of the Cuban question. Warren A. Candler. Independent, 
 
 vol. 57 (Aug. 25, 1904) , 419-420. 
 
 1905. The reorganization of local government in Cuba. L. S. Rowe. American 
 
 academy of political and social science. Annals, vol. 25 (Mar. 1905), 
 
 311-321. 
 1905. The condition of women in Cuba. Frederic M. Noa. Outlook, vol. 79 (Mar. 
 
 11, 1905), 642-647. 
 1905. The Cuban educational outlook. E. P. Herrick. Southern workman, vol. 34 
 
 (June 1905), 352-355. 
 
432 RATTDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS. 
 (Exclusive of resolutions, bills, and speeches.) 
 
 1822. Cuba. Decree (Spain). Foreign trade. Jan. 27, Feb. 4, 1822. Britisti and 
 
 foreign state papers, vol. 10, p. 865. 
 1822-53. Cuba. Correspondence. Great Britain and France, etc. Alleged projects 
 
 of conquest and annexation. British and foreign state papers, vol. 44, 
 
 p. 114. 
 1822-1837. Cuba. Correspondence. Spain and the United States. British and 
 
 foreign state papers, vol. 26, p. 1124. 
 
 1823. Cuba. Decree (Spain). Exclusion of vessels and goods of Austria, France, 
 
 Prussia, and Eussia. British and foreign state papers, vol. 10, p. 1034. 
 1823. Cuba. Decree (Spain). Foreign trade. Liquidation of British Claims. 
 
 British and foreign state papers, vol. 10, pp. 867, 1034. 
 1825-6. Cuba. Correspondence. Colombia and the United States. British and 
 
 foreign state papers, vol. 13, pp. 126, 414. 
 1825-6. Cuba. Correspondence. Mexico and the United States. British and foreign 
 
 state papers, vol. 13, p. 426. 
 1825-6. Cuba.. Correspondence. France and the United States. British and foreign 
 
 state papers, vol. 13, pp. 424, 443. 
 1825-6. Cuba. Correspondence. Russia and the United States. British and foreign 
 
 state papers, vol. 13, pp. 403, 490. 
 1828. Cuba. Royal order (Spain). Disposal of emancipated slaves. Apr. 15, 1828. 
 
 British and foreign state papers, vol. 20, p. 1289. 
 1834. Trade between United States and Cuba and Porto Rico. Message of the Presi- 
 dent, March 8, 1834. 44 pp. Twenty-third Cong., first sess., Ex. Doc. 
 
 No. 170. 
 
 1834. Tonnage duties. Cuba and Porto Rico. May 17, 1834. Twenty-third Cong., 
 
 first sess.. House Report No. 468. 
 
 1835. Commerce with Cuba and Porto Rico. Message from the President in relation 
 
 to the commerce of the United States with the Spanish ports of Cuba and 
 Porto Rico. February 3, 1835. 7 pp. Twenty-third Cong., first sess., 
 Ex. Doc. No. 120. 
 
 1837. Cuba. Correspondence. Great Britain and the United States. American 
 
 policy. British and foreign state papers, vol. 26, p. 1156. 
 
 1838. Cuba. Circular of Governor-General. Prohibition against landing of free 
 
 blacks. June 12, 1838. British and foreign state papers, vol. 27, p. 363. 
 1838. Cuba. Royal order (Spain.) Nonintroduction of black slaves. Nov. 2, 1838. 
 
 British and foreign state papers, vol. 27, p. 379. , 
 1840-44. Cuba. Correspondence. Spain and United States. American policy. 
 
 British and foreign state papers, vol. 32, p. 861. 
 1845. Cuba. Correspondence. Great Britain and Spain. Admission of sugars into 
 
 Great Britain upon same terms as sugars of United States and Venezuela. 
 
 May-Dec. 1845. British and foreign state papers, vol. 33, p. 949. 
 1849. Cuba. Proclaijiation. United States. Threatened invasion. Aug. 11, 1844. 
 
 British and foreign state papers, vol. 39, p. 77. 
 
 1849. Message from the President to both Houses of Congress, December 24, 1849. 
 
 Thirty-first Cong., first sess., Ex. Doc. No. 5. 
 
 Page 27 contains Proclamation against filibustering expedition. 
 
 1850. Message from the President, transmitting reports from the several heads of 
 
 departments relative to the subject of alleged revolutionary movements in 
 Cuba, June 3, 1850. 134 pp. Thirty-first Cong., first sess., Senate Doc. 
 No. 57. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 433 
 
 1851. Cuba. Proclamation. United States prohibition against fitting out of an 
 expedition for invasion of Cuba. Apr. 25, 1851. British and foreign state 
 papers, vol. 47, p. 1265. 
 
 1851. Message from the President to both Houses of Congress, December 2, 1851. 
 Thirty-second Cong., first sess.. Senate Doc. No. 1; Ex. Doc. No. 2. 
 Page 27 contains Proclamation against filibustering expeditions. 
 
 1851. Message from the President, communicating the correspondence relative to any- 
 projected expedition to the island of Cuba, not heretofore communicated, 
 February 27, 1851. 90 pp. Thirty-first Cong., second sess., Senate Doc. 
 No. 41. 
 
 1851. John S. Thrasher. Message from the President, communicating information 
 
 in regard to the imprisonment of J. S. Thrasher at Havana. Thirty- 
 second Cong., first sess.. Senate Doc. No. 5; Ex. Doc. No. 10. 
 
 1852. Cuba. Correspondence. Spain and the United States. Policy of United States. 
 
 British and foreign state papers, vol. 44, p. 133. 
 
 1852. John S. Thrasher. Message from the President, transmitting further informa- 
 tion respecting the imprisonment, etc., of John S. Thrasher, January 2, 
 1852. 87 pp. Thirty-second Cong., first sess., Ex. Doc. No. 14. 
 
 1852. Lopez expedition. Message from the President, transmitting a report in ref- 
 erence to the Lopez expedition, January 5, 1852. Thirty-second Cong., 
 first sess., Ex. Doc. No. 19. 
 
 1852. Barque Georgiana and brig Susan Loud. Message from the President, trans- 
 mitting information in reference to the seizure and confiscation. March 
 23, 1852. Thirty-second Cong., first sess., Ex. Doc. No. 83. 
 
 1852. Foreigners. Cuban expedition. Message from the President of the United 
 States, transmitting a report in reference to such of the Cuban prisoners as 
 were foreigners. July 7, 1852. 87 pp. Thirty-second Cong., first sess., 
 Ex. Doc. No. 115. . 
 
 1852. Island of Cuba. Message from the President of the United States in reference 
 
 to the island of Cuba, July 13, 1852. Thirty-second Cong., first sess., Ex. 
 Doc. No. 121. 59 pp. 8°. 
 
 Transmitting instructions to diplomatic agents relating to the policy of the Govern- 
 ment of the United .States in relation to Cuba, from 1822 to 1848. 
 
 1853. Cuba. Correspondence. Great Britain and United States. Proposed trip- 
 
 artite convention between Great Britain, France, and United States. 
 British and foreign state papers, vol. 44, p. 231. 
 
 1853. Message from the President relative to a proposed tripartite convention on the 
 
 subject of Cuba, January 4, 1853. 23 pp. Thirty -second Cong., second 
 sess., Senate Doc. No. 13. 
 
 This document was reprinted, together with Everett's letter to Lord John Russell, 
 under the title "Correspondence on the proposed tripartite convention," by Little, 
 Brown & Co., of Boston. (See p. 10 of this List. ) 
 
 1854. Message from the President of the United States, transmitting a copy of the 
 
 correspondence in relation to the imprisonment of James H. West in the 
 island of Cuba. March 11, 1854. 54 pp. Thirty-third Cong., first sess., 
 Senate Doc. No. 46. 
 
 1854. Seizure of the Black Warrior. Message of the President of the United States, 
 transmitting a report in reference to the seizure of the Black Warrior. 
 March 15, 1854. 34 pp. Thirty-third Cong., first sess., Ex. Doc. No. 76. 
 
 1854. Case of the Black Warrior, and other violations of the rights of American citi- 
 zens by Spanish authorities. Message of the President of the United 
 States, April 6, 1854. 378 pp. Thirty-third Cong., first sess., Ex. Doc, 
 No. 86. 
 
 159a— 05 28 
 
434 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1854. Cuba. I'roclamation. United States. Prohibition against fitting out of an 
 
 expedition for invasion of Cuba. May 31, 1854. British and foreign state 
 papers, vol. 47, p. 1266. 
 
 1855. The Ostend conference, etc. Message from the President, transmitting corre- 
 
 spondence touching matters disturbing the friendly relations between this 
 Government and the Government of Spain; also a report as to the objects 
 of the meeting of the American ministers at Ostend, March 3, 1855. 152 pp. 
 Thirty-third Cong., second sess., House Ex. Doc. No. 93. 
 1859. In the Senate of the United States. Report of the Committee on Foreign Rela- 
 tions, to whom was referred the bill ' ' making appropriations to facilitate 
 the acquisition of the island of Cuba by negotiations. ' ' 26 pp. Thirty- 
 fifth Cong., second sess.. Senate Report No. 351. 
 
 1859. Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, in answer to a resolution of the Senate, 
 
 calling for statistics of trade with Cuba for the last five years. March 2, 
 1859. 19 pp. Thirty-fifth Cong., second sess., Senate Doc. No. 45. 
 
 1860. Cuba. Decree (Spain). Introduction of Chinese laborers into island of Cuba. 
 
 British and foreign state papers, vol. 51, p. 1038. 
 1860. Imprisonment of an American citizen in the island of Cuba. Message from 
 
 the President of the United States, March 30, 1860. 8 pp. Thirty-sixth 
 
 Cong., first sess., Ex. Doc. No. 54. 
 1865. Cuba. Decree (Spain). Extinction of slavery in Cuba. British and foreign 
 
 state papers, vol. 56, p. 1327. 
 
 1869. Message of the President of the United States communicating, in compliance 
 
 with a resolution of the Senate, information in regard to the progress of 
 the revolution in Cuba, and the political and civil condition of the island. 
 118 pp. Forty-first Cong., second sess.. Senate Ex. Doc. No. 7. 
 
 1870. Struggle for independence in the island of Cuba. Message of the President 
 
 of the United States, transmitting correspondence relative to the struggle 
 for freedom in the island of Cuba, February 21, 1870. 193 pp. Forty- 
 first Cong., second sess., House Ex. Doc. No. 160. 
 
 1870. Message from the President, communicating information and making certain 
 recommendations in relation to the existing insurrection in Cuba. Forty- 
 first Cong., second sess.. Senate Doc. No. 99. 
 
 1870. Message from the President communicating information in relation to the 
 seizure of American vessels, and injuries to American citizens in Cuba, 
 July 9, 1870. Forty-first Cong., second sess., Senate Doc. No. 108. 
 
 1870. Message of the President of the United States communicating, in compliance 
 
 with the resolution of the Senate of the 8th instant, information in rela- 
 tion to the emancipation of slaves in Cuba, July 14, 1870. 24 pp. Forty- 
 first Cong., second sess.. Senate Ex. Doc. No. 113. 
 
 1871. Agreement for settlement of certain claims of citizens of the United States on 
 
 account of wrongs and injuries committed by authorities of Spain in the 
 Island of Cuba. Concluded at Madrid, February 11-12, 1871. [In Treaties 
 and Conventions from 1776-1887. Washington, (1889). pp. 1025-1027.] 
 
 1872. Cuba. Spanish regulation. Abolition of slavery. British and foreign state 
 
 papers, vol. 63, p. 437. 
 
 1872. Message from the President, relative to questions with Spain growing out of 
 affairs with Cuba. Forty -second Cong. , second sess. , Senate Doc. No. 32. 
 
 1872. Reindenture or reenslaveraent of Chinamen in Cuba. Message from the Presi- 
 dent, March 20, 1872. 15 pp. Forty-second Cong., second sess., Ex. Doc. 
 No. 207. 
 
 1874. Cuba. Circular (Spain). Port dues. British and foreign state papers, vol. 66, 
 p. 1178. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 435 
 
 1876. Cuba. Decree. Emancipados. British and foreign stata papers, vol. 67, 
 p. 406. 
 
 1876. Correspondence between the United States Government and Spain in relation 
 
 to the island of Cuba. Message from the President, transmitting a report 
 from the Secretary of State, with accompanying documents, January 31, 
 1876. 81 pp. Forty-fourth Cong., first sess., House Ex. Doc. No. 90. 
 
 1877. Cuba. Convention. China and Spain. Emigration. British and foreign 
 
 state papers, vol. 69, p. 364. 
 
 1878. Message from the President communicating information respecting the terms 
 
 and conditions under which the surrender of the Cuban insurgents has 
 been made, and in relation to the future policy of Spain in the govern- 
 ment of the island of Cuba, May 14, 1878. 23 pp. Forty-fifth Cong. , second 
 sess., Senate doc. No. 79. 
 
 1881. Cuba. Decree (Spain). Promulgation in Cuba of constitution of monarchy. 
 Apr. 7, 1881. British and foreign state papers, vol. 73, p. 269. 
 
 1884. Cuba. Agreement. United States and Spain. Commercial relations. Jan. 
 2, 1884. British and foreign state papers, vol. 75, pp. 389, 390. 
 
 1886. Cuba. Decree (Spain). Abolition. Patronage system. Emancipated slaves. 
 
 British and foreign state papers, vol. 77, p. 825. 
 
 1887. Cuba. Proclamation (U. S. ). Discriminating duties. Vessels from Cuba, 
 
 Sept. 21, 1887. British and foreign state papers, vol. 78, p. 43. 
 1887. Cuba. Agreement. United States and Spain. Abolition. Discriminating 
 duties. September 21, 1887. British and foreign state papers, vol. 78, 
 p. 44. 
 
 1892. Statement of exports to Cuba since reciprocity treaty. Fifty -second Cong., 
 
 first sess., Ex. Doc. No. 107. 
 
 1893. Sugar in Cuba. Eeport of Commercial Agent Mullen. 1893. In U. S. Con- 
 
 sular Eeport No. 152. p. 255. 
 
 1894. Cuban sugar exports. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 171. p. 567. 
 1894. Sugar exports from Cuba. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 170. p. 393. 
 1894. Tobacco interests of Cuba. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 167. pp. 630-632. 
 1894. Export of Cuban sugar. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 165. p. 255. 
 
 1894. Iron ore and manganese in Cuba. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 161. pp. 346-7. 
 1894. Cuba's market for American flour. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 164. p. 151. 
 1894. Economic condition of Cuba. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 167. pp. 632-3. 
 1894. Cuba and the eucalyptus tree. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 168. p. 20. 
 1894. Sugar interests of Cuba. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 169. pp. 248-252. 
 
 1894. Cuba's exports declared for the United States. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 
 
 171. pp. 456-7. 
 
 1895. American flour in Cuba. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 175. pp. 556-562. 
 1895. Condition of Cuban sugar industry. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 175. pp. 
 
 552-3. 
 1895. Exports declared for United States by Cuba. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 
 
 175. pp. 503-4. 
 1895. Finances of Cuba. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 175. pp. 554-6. 
 1895. New tariff for Cuba. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 175. pp. 562-3. 
 1895. New tax law for Cuba. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 175. p. 563. 
 1895. Cuban sugar statistics. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 176. p. 187. 
 1895. Cuba's asphalt deposits near Cardenas. U. S. Consular Eeport No. 172. pp. 
 
 126-128. 
 
 1895. The sugar industry in Cuba. U. S. .Consular Eeport No. 172. p. 111. 
 
 1896. Eecognition of Cuban independence. Eeport (from the Committee on Foreign 
 
 Eelations). December 21, 1896. 103 pp. Fifty-fourth Cong., second 
 sess., Senate Eeport No. 1160. 
 
486 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1896. Power to recognize the independence of a new foreign slate. Memorandum 
 
 (from the Committee on Foreign Relations). December 21, 1896. 57 pp. 
 Fifty-fourth Cong., second sess., Senate Doc. No. 56. 
 
 1897. Condition of affairs in Cuba. Hearing before a subcommittee of the commit- 
 
 tee on foreign relations. Feb. 27, 1897, ordered to be printed. 37 pp. 
 
 8°. 54th Cong., 2d sess. Senate document no. 166. 
 1897. Independence of Cuba. Papers accompanying the report submitted by Hon. 
 
 J. D. Cameron, of Pennsylvania, from the committee on foreign relations, 
 , United States Senate, December 21, 1896, on the joint resolution (S. R. 
 
 163) acknowledging the Independence of Cuba. April 1, 1897. 44 pp. 
 
 8°. 55th Cong., 1st sess. Senate doc. no. 19. 
 1897. Gustave Richelieu and August Bolten. Message from the President of the 
 
 United States, transmitting, in response to Senate resolution of March 26, 
 
 1897, a report from the Secretary of state, with accompanying papers, relat- 
 ing to the arrest and imprisonment, at Santiago de Cuba, of the American 
 citizens, Gustav Richelieu and August Bolten. April 19, 1897. 45 pp. 
 8°. 55th Cong., 1st sess. Senate doc. no. 47. 
 
 1897. Relief of destitute American citizens in Cuba. Message from the President 
 of the United States, May 17, 1897. 1 p. 8°. 55th Cong., 1st sess. Sen- 
 ate doc. no. 86. 
 
 1897. Letters of Gen. Maximo Gomez to the President. Messages from the Presi- 
 dent of the United States, transmitting, in response to Senate resolution of 
 April 1, 1897, a report from the Secretary of state, covering the letters ad- 
 dressed by Gen. Maximo Gomez, the commanding general of the insur- 
 rectionary forces in Cuba, to the President in February and March, 1897. 
 55th Cong., 1st sess. Senate doc. no. 75. 
 
 1897. August Bolten and Gustave Richelieu. Report from the committee on foreign 
 relations. July 7, 1897. 2 pp. 8°. 55th Cong., 1st sess. Senaterep.no. 
 371. 
 
 1897. Alfredo Labarde and others. Report from the committee on foreign relations. 
 July 14. 1897. 7 pp. 8°. 55th Cong., 1st sess. Senate report no. 377. 
 
 1897. Relief of American citizens in Cuba. Report from the House committee on 
 rules. 1 p. 8°. 55th Cong. , 1st sess. House report no. 6. 
 
 1897. Measures adopted to thwart violations of the neutrality laws, etc. Letter from 
 
 the Secretary of the treasury, Dec. 17, 1897. 19 pp. 8°. 55th Cong., 
 2d sess. Senate doc. no. 35. 
 
 1898. Constitution of the Republic of Cuba and brief sketches of the President of the 
 
 Repubhc and his cabinet. Feb. 9, 1898. 55th Cong., 2d sess. Senate 
 doc. no. 129. 
 
 1898. Library of Congress. List of books relating to Cuba (including references to 
 collected works and periodicals), by A. P. C. Griffin, assistant librarian of 
 Congress, with Bibliography of maps, by P. Lee Phillips, superintendent 
 maps and charts department. Library of Congress. Feb. 25, 1898. 61 pp. 
 8°. 55th Cong., 2d sess. Senate doc. no. 161. 
 
 1898. Consular correspondence respecting the condition of the reconcentrados in 
 Cuba, the state of the war in that island, and the prospects of the projected 
 autonomy. Message from the President of the United States. April 11, 
 
 1898. V, (1), 91 pp. 8°. 55th Cong., 2d sess. Senate doc. no. 230. 
 1898. Belligerent rights to Cuba. Report from the Senate committee on foreign 
 
 relations. Feb. 14, 1898. 2 pp. 8°. 55th Cong. , 2d sess. Senate report 
 no. 577. 
 1898. Report of the committee on foreign relations. United States Senate, relative to 
 affairs in Cuba. April 13, 1898. 2 pts. plates, folded plans. 8°. 55th 
 Cong. , 2d sess. Senate report no. 885, pts. 1 and 2. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 437 
 
 1898. Execution of Colonel Euiz. Message from the President of the United States, 
 transmitting a report from the Secretary of state, with accompanying 
 papers, touching the execution of Colonel Ruiz by the Cuban military 
 authorities. Feb. 7, 1898. 3 pp. 8°. 55th Cong., 2d sess. House doc. 
 no. 292. 
 
 1898. Preventing conveyance of articles to the Cubans, etc. Letter from the Secre- 
 tary of the treasury, transmitting a reply to the resolution of the House 
 of Representatives of February 23, 1898, in regard to the conveyance to 
 the Cubans of articles produced in the United States, etc. Feb. 28, 1898. 
 43 pp. 8°. 55th Cong., 2d sess. House doc. no. 326. 
 
 1898. Messages of the President of the United States, communicated to the two 
 houses of Congress, on the relations of the United States to Spain by rea- 
 son of warfare in the island of Cuba. April 11, 1898. 14 pp. 8°. 55th 
 Cong., 2d sess. House doc. no. 405. 
 
 1898. Consular correspondence respecting the condition of the reconcentrados in 
 Cuba, the state of the war in that island, and the prospects of the pro- 
 jected autonomy. Message from the President of the United States. 
 April 11, 1898. iv, 91 pp. 8°. 55th Cong., 2d sess. House doc. no. 406. 
 
 1898. Supplemental estimate of appropriation for " expeditionary force to Cuba." 
 Letter from the Secretary of the treasury. June 1, 1898. 3 pp. 8°. 
 55th Cong., 2d sess. House doc. no. 515. 
 
 1898. Execution of Colonel Ruiz. Report from the committee on foreign affairs. 
 Jan. 22, 1898. 1 p. 8°. 55th Cong., 2d sess. House report no. 228. 
 
 1898. Condition of reconcentrados in Cuba. Report from the committee on foreign 
 affairs. Feb. 14, 1898. 1 p. 8°. 55th Cong., 2d sess. House report 
 no. 438. 
 
 1898. Preventing the conveyance to Cubans of articles produced in the United 
 States. Report from the committee on foreign affairs. Feb. 23, 1898. 
 1 p. 8°. 55th Cong., 2d sess. House report no. 521. 
 
 1898. Conditions in Cuba. Report from the committee on rules. April 13, 1898. 
 1 p. 8°. 55th Cong., 2d sess. House report no. 1069. 
 
 1898. Destruction of the U. S. Battle ship Maine. Report from the committee on 
 foreign affairs. 55th Cong., 2d sess. House report no. 1071. 
 
 1898. American citizens at Matanzas. Report from the committee on foreign affairs. 
 April 21, 1898. 1 p. 8°. 55th Cong., 2d sess. House report no. 1124. 
 
 1898. Troops required to garrison towns in Porto Rico, Cuba and the Philippines. 
 Letter from the acting secretary of war. Dec. 16, 1898. 1 p. 8°. 55th 
 Cong., 3d sess. House doc. no. 85. 
 
 1898. Increase of the army. Report from the committee on military affairs. Dec. 
 
 13,1898. Ip. 8°. 55th Cong., 3d sess. House report no. 1670. 
 
 1899. Concessions in Cuba and Porto Rico. Message from the President of the 
 
 United States, transmitting, in response to resolution of the Senate of Feb- 
 ruary 2, 1899, a report from the Secretary of state, and accompanying 
 papers, relative to franchises or concessions granted by municipalities in 
 Cuba and Porto Rico. Feb. 9, 1899. 5 pp. 8°. 55th Cong. , 3d sess. Sen- 
 ate doc. no. 110. 
 1899. Claims against Spain. Message from the President of the United States, 
 transmitting, in response to the resolution of the Senate of February 28, 
 1899, a report from the Secretary of state submitting a list of claims of 
 citizens of the United States against Spain, growing out of the insurrection 
 in Cuba. Mar. 3, 1899. 3 pp. 8°. 55th Cong., 3d sess. Senate doc. 
 no. 168. 
 
438 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1901. Diplomatic relations with foreign nations— affairs in Cuba. 1029 pp. Folded 
 plans. 8°. 56th Cong., 2d sess. Senate doc. no. 231, pt. 7. 
 
 This is vol. 7 of the Compilation of reports of committee on foreign relations, United 
 States Senate, 1789-1901. 
 
 1901. Eeport of the military governor of Cuba on civil affairs. In two volumes. 
 Jan. 1, 1901. 2 vols. 8°. 56th Cong., 2d sess. House doc. no. 2, pt. ii. 
 
 1901. Letters concerning the annexation of Cuba. Message from the President of the 
 United States, transmitting a report from the Secretary of state, with 
 accompanying papers, in response to the resolution of the Senate of March 
 2, 1901. 4 pp. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. Senate doc. no. 26. 
 
 1901. Commercial reciprocity between the United States and Cuba. Message from 
 
 the President of the United States, submitting a petition addressed to the 
 Senate by Senor Don F. Gamba and others urging the enactment of a law 
 for commercial reciprocity between the United States and Cuba. Dec. 16, 
 
 1901. 57th Cong., 1st sess. Senate doc. no. 73. 
 
 1902. Construction of railroads in Cuba. Letter from the Secretary of war, in response 
 
 to Senate resolution dated February 13, 1902, transmitting a copy of a letter 
 from the military governor of Cuba, together with report of the minister 
 of public works, relative to the construction of railroads in Cuba. March 
 12,1902. 6 pp. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. Senate doc. no. 246. 
 
 1902. Diplomatic and consular representatives in Cuba. Message from the President 
 of the United States, March 27, 1902. 4 pp. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. 
 Senate doc. no. 270. 
 
 1902. Seizure of certain vessels and occupation and use of wharves, etc., at Santiago 
 de Cuba. Letter from the Acting secretary of war, transmitting to the 
 Senate, in response to a resolution of the Senate of March 26, 1902, corre- 
 spondence relating to the seizure of certain vessels and the occupation and 
 use of wharves and warehouses at Santiago de Cuba. April 22, 1902. 95 
 pp. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. Senate doc. no. 318. 
 
 1902. Inauguration of the President of Cuba, etc. May 20, 1902. 11 pp. 8°. 57th 
 Cong., 1st sess. Senate doc. no. 363. 
 
 1902. Letter from the Secretary of state, announcing the receipt of a resolution of the 
 Senate of May 21, 1902, in re the Cuban republic, and that he has for- 
 warded an engrossed copy thereof to the minister of the United States at 
 Habana for transmission to the President of the Cuban republic. May 28, 
 
 1902. 1 p. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. Senate doc. no. 376. 
 
 1902. The ethics of the fight for Cuban reciprocity. Letter from Truman G. Pal- 
 mer to Hon. Henry M. Teller, member Senate committee on relations 
 with Cuba. June 25, 1902. 28 pp. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. Senate 
 doc. no. 434. 
 
 1902. The "deadly parallel" on Cuban tariff reduction. Compiled by Truman G. 
 Palmer. June 27, 1902. 186 pp. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. Senate doc. 
 no. 439. 
 
 1902. Petition of E. G. Rathbone, praying Congress to investigate his acts while 
 director-general of posts of Cuba. June 26, 1902. 2 pp. 8°. 57th 
 Cong. , 1st sess. Senate doc. no. 440. 
 
 1902. Statement of revenues and expenditures in Cuba as shown in auditor's state- 
 ments of accounts current in May and June, 1900, and supplementary 
 accounts from date of American occupation to June 30, 1900. June 25, 
 1902. 350 pp. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. Senate doc. no. 448. 
 
 1902. Ownership of real estate in Cuba. Letter from the Secretary of war, trans- 
 mitting a reply to the resolution of the House in relation to ownership of 
 real estate in Cuba. March 1, 1902. 1 p. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. 
 House doc. 428. 
 
HAJSTDBOOK OF CUBA. 439 
 
 1902. Nonresidents' purchase of land in Cuba. Letter from the Secretary of war, 
 transmitting a communication from Gen. Leonard Wood, military gov- 
 ernor of Cuba, in relation to a resolution of inquiry passed by the House. 
 March 25, 1905. 1 p. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. House doc. no. 529. 
 
 1902. State of the Cuban sugar crop. Letter from the Secretary of war, transmit- 
 ting a letter from the military governor of Cuba relating to the state of 
 the sugar crop. April 15, 1902. 2 pp. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. House 
 doc. no. 563. 
 
 1902. A gazetteer of Cuba. Henry Gannett. 1902. 113 pp. Maps. 8°. 57th 
 Cong., 1st sess. House doc. no. 474. 
 
 Also appears as Bulletin no. 192 of the United States Geological Survey. 
 
 1902. Eeciprocity with Cuba. Hearings before Committee on ways and means, Fifty- 
 seventh Congress, first session, January 15, 16, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 
 1902. vii, (1), 766 pp. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. House doc. no. 535. 
 
 1902. Payments to F. B. Thurber out of Cuban funds. Letter from the acting Sec- 
 retary of war, transmitting, in response to a resolution of the House, a 
 copy of a letter from Brig. Gen. Leonard Wood relating to payments to 
 F. B. Thurber out of Cuban funds. July 1, 1902. 24 pp. 8°. 57th Cong. , 
 1st sess. House doc. no. 679. 
 
 1902. Amendment to the revised statutes relating to passports. Report from the 
 Committee on foreign affairs. Feb. 18, 1902. 2 pp. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st 
 sess. House report no. 559. 
 
 1902. Land purchases by nonresidents in Cuba, etc. Eeport from the Committee on 
 insular affairs. Feb. 24, 1902. 1 p. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. House rep. 
 587. 
 
 1902. Reciprocity with Cuba. Report from the Committee on ways and means. 
 March 31, 1902-April 5, 1905. 5 pts. 8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. House 
 report no. 1276. pts. 1-5. 
 
 1902. Statistics of trade between the United States and its noncontiguous territory. 
 Report from the Committee on ways and means. April 21, 1902. 2 pp. 
 8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. House report no. 1700. 
 
 1902. Cuban diplomatic and consular appropriation bill. Report from the Committee 
 on foreign affairs. May 1, 1902. 3 pp. .8°. 57th Cong., 1st sess. House 
 report no. 1854. 
 
 1902. Orders issued by the governor-general of Cuba. Letter from the Secretary pf 
 war transmitting copies of all orders issued by the governor-general of 
 Cuba from the date of the beginning of his administration to May 20,»1902. 
 July 3, 1902. 1 p. 8°. 57th Cong., 2d sess. Senate doc. no. 13. 
 
 1902. Letter from the Acting secretary of war, transmitting response to inquiry of the 
 
 House as to purchases of land by nonresidents in Cuba. Dec. 2, 1902. 
 9 pp. 8°. 57th Cong., 2d sess. House doc. no. 51. 
 
 1903. Cuban reciprocity treaty. Letter from the governor of Porto Rico, trans- 
 
 mitting a copy of a memorial passed by the second legislative assembly of 
 Porto Rico, petitioning the President and Senate of the United States 
 that, among such amendments as may be made to the reciprocity treaty 
 between the United States and the Republic of Cuba, it shall be proposed 
 that Porto Rican coffee be included among those products imported into 
 the Republic of Cuba obtaining the highest rebate. Feb. 4, 1903. 2 pp. 
 8°. 57th Cong., 2d sess. Senate doc. no. 159. 
 1903. History of the Hawaiian treaty, with a report to terminate the treaty signed 
 by Justin S. Morrill, Daniel W. Voorhees, and Nelson W. Aldrich; also a 
 history of the agitation for Cuban reciprocity with the United States, and 
 opinions as to the probable results of Cuban reciprocity, by Mr. Charles 
 W. Dietrich. Data and tables compiled by Mr. Truman G. Palmer. 
 March 2, 1903. 27 pp. 8°. 57th Cong., 2d sess. Senate doc. no. 206. 
 
440 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1903. Message from the President of the United States, transmitting, in response to 
 Senate resolution of February 16, 1903, a report from the Secretary of War 
 as to the present status of the Isle of Pines. Feb. 28, 1903. 2 pp. 8°. 
 57th Cong., 2d sess. Senate doc. no. 201. 
 
 1903. Civil record of military government of occupation of Cuba. Letter from the 
 acting Secretary of the treasury, transmitting a copy of a communication- 
 from the Secretary of war submitting an estimate of appropriation for care 
 of civil records of the military government of occupation of Cuba. Jan. 
 28, 1903. 2 pp. 8°. 57th Cong. 2d sess. House doc. no. 337. 
 .1903. Certain statements of public expenditures in Cuba and the Philippines. Let- 
 ter from the Secretary of War, relating to the preparation and printing of 
 certain statements of public expenditures in Cuba and the Philippines. 
 Feb. 27, 1903. 3 pp. 8°. 57th Cong., 2d sess. House doc. no. 419. 
 
 1903. Isthmian Canal and Cuban treaties. Message from the President of the United 
 
 States. March 5, 1903. 1 p. 8°. 58th Cong., Special session. Senate 
 doc. no. 1. 
 
 1904. The establishment of free government in Cuba. Compiled in the Bureau of 
 
 insular affairs from the records of the War department. April 27, 1904. 
 
 Presented by Mr. Piatt of Connecticut. 32 pp. 8°. 58th Cong., 2d sess. 
 
 Senate doc. no. 312. 
 1904. Documents relating to affairs of Cuba, etc. Letter from the Secretary of War 
 
 recommending the printing of documents relating to the affairs of Cuba, 
 
 Porto Rico, and the PhiHppines. March 8, 1904. 2 pp. 8°. 58th Cong., 
 
 2d sess. House doc. no. 610. 
 1904. Mauser rifles captured by the United States in Cuba, etc. Eeport from the 
 
 Committee on military affairs. March 18, 1904. 7 pp. 8°. 58th Cong., 
 
 2d sess. House report no. 1737. 
 1904. Amending Spanish text of Cuban extradition treaty. Message from the Presi- 
 dent of the United States. Dec. 12, 1904, 3 pp. 8°. 58th Cong., 3d 
 
 sess. Confidential. Executive E. 
 
 SPEECHES IN CONGRESS. 
 
 Baerows, Samuel J[une] Intervention for peace, freedom, and humanity. Speech 
 of Hon. Samuel J. Barrows, of Massachusetts, in the House . . . April 
 28, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 13 pp. 8°. 
 
 Bate, William B[remage] Eecognition of the independence of Cuba. Speech of 
 . Hon. Wm. B. Bate, of Tennessee, in the Senate . . . Apr. 16, 1898. 
 Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 7 pp. 8°. 
 
 Belpord, Joseph M[cCrum] For free Cuba. Speech of Hon. Joseph M. Belford, 
 of New York, in the House . . . March 31, 1898. Washington [Govern- 
 ment printing office] 1898. 4 pp. 8°. 
 
 BoTKiN, Jeremiah D. Cuba . . . Speech of Hon. Jeremiah D. Botkin, of Kansas, 
 in the House . . . April 12, 1898 . . . [Washington, Government print- 
 ing office, 1898?] 8 pp. 8°. 
 No t.-p. 
 
 Burrows, J[ulius] C. The Cuban question. Intervention and independence. 
 Speech of Hon. J. C. Burrows, of Michigan, in the Senate . . . April 16, 
 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 14 pp. 8°. 
 
 Daniel, John W[arwick] The right and duty of Congress to recognize war in 
 Cuba. Speech ... in the Senate . . . May 17, 1897. Washington 
 [Government printing office] 1897. 29 pp. 8°. 
 
 Dayton, Alston G[ordon] 1857- Increase the navy — Cuba must be free. Speeches 
 ... in the House . . . March 24 and 26, 1898. [Washington, Govern- 
 ment printing office, 1898?] 8 pp. 8°. 
 No t.-p. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 441 
 
 DiNSMORE, Hugh A[nderson] Belligerency for Cuba. Speech ... in the House 
 . . . January 19, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 
 16 pp. 8°. 
 
 Independence of the Cuban republic. Speech ... in the House . . . 
 
 April 13, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 7 pp. 8°. 
 DocKERY, A[lexander] M[onroe] Extracts from Cuban speeches . . . in the House 
 . . . January 19, February 23, March 8, and April 1, 4, 6, 7, and 13, 1898. 
 [Washington, Government printing office, 1898?] 16 pp. 8°. 
 
 No t.-p. 
 
 [Speeches in the House . . . December 14, 17, 1897, and January 5, 12, 
 
 and 19, 1898. Washington, Government printing office, 1898?] 16 pp. 8°. 
 No t.-p. 
 
 Extracts from Congressional record. ' 
 
 Contents. — Government expenditures — Carson mint — Civil service — Requiring the 
 
 producer of gold to pay transportation from assay office to coinage mint — Cuban 
 
 independence. 
 
 Fairbanks, Charles W[arren] 1852- Affairs in Cuba. Speech ... in the Sen- 
 ate . . . April 14, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 
 15 pp. 8°. 
 
 Cuba. Speechof Hon. Charles W. Fairbanks, of Indiana, in the Senate . . . 
 
 May 20, 1897. Washington [Government printing office] 1897. 6 pp. 8°. 
 
 Faulkner, Charles J[ames] 1847- Resolutions of intervention in Cuba. Speech 
 . . . in the Senate . . . April 16, 1898. Washington [Government print- 
 ing office] 1898. 7 pp. 8°. 
 
 Foraker, Joseph B[enson] Cuban affairs. Speech . . . in the Senate . . . April 
 20, 1898. [Washington, Government printing office, 1898?] 8 pp. 8°. 
 No t.-p. 
 
 The Cuban question. Speech ... in the Senate . . . April 13, 1898. 
 
 Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 16 pp. 8°. 
 Gray, George, 1840- Speech ... in the Senate . . . April 14, 1898, in the cause 
 
 of humanity. Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 15 pp. 8°. 
 Greene, William L., 1849- Cuban independence. Speech of Hon. William L. 
 
 Greene, of Nebraska, in the House . . . April 12, 1898. Washington 
 
 [Government printing office] 1898. 15 pp. 8°. 
 Grout, William W[allace] Cuba. Remarks of William W. Grout, of Vermont, 
 
 in the House . . . April 11, 1898. Washington [Government printing 
 
 office] 1898. 7 pp. 8°. 
 Harris, William A[lexander] Cuba . . . Speech in the Senate . . . April 5, 
 
 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 4 pp. 8°. 
 Kenney, Richard R[olland] Cuban independence — War vi^ith Spain . . . Speech 
 
 ... in the Senate . . . April 5, 1898. Washington [Government print- 
 ing office] 1898. 6 pp. 8°. 
 King, William H[enry] 1863- The situation in Cuba. Speech . . . in the House 
 
 . . . January 20, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 
 
 50 pp. 8°. 
 LiNNEY, Romulus Z[achariah] War is hell in harness . . . Speech ... in the 
 
 House . . . April 28, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 
 
 1898. 16 pp. 8°. 
 Little, John S., 1853- The insincerity and duplicity of the Republican party 
 
 exposed. An appeal for Cuban liberty. Speech ... in the House . . . 
 
 January 10, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 4 
 
 pp. 8°. 
 Lodge, Henry Cabot. Intervention in Cuba. Speech ... in the Senate . . . 
 
 April 13, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 15 pp. 
 
442 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Mason, William E[enest] Cuba. Speech ... in the Senate . . . May 18, 1897. 
 [Washington, Government printing office.] 1897. 16 pp. 8°. 
 
 Nelson, Knute, 1843- Affairs in Cuba. Congress can recognize the independence 
 of the republic of Cuba under the war-making power. Speech of Hon. 
 Knute Nelson, of Minnesota, in the Senate . . . April 16, 1898. Wash- 
 ington [Government printing office] 1898. 8 pp. 8°. 
 
 Norton, James A[lbert] What of the hour? Is it peace or war? Speech ... in 
 the House of representatives . . . Mar. 16, 1898. Washington [Govern- 
 ment printing office.] 1898. 14 pp. 8°. 
 
 It is war — let it be vigorously carried forward . . . Speech ... in the 
 
 House . . . April 28, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 
 1898. 15 pp. 8°. 
 
 Otey, Peter J[ohnston] Cuba . . . Speech ... in the House . . . April 12, 
 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 8 pp. 8°. 
 
 Pasco, Samuel, 1834- Intervention in Cuban affairs . . . Speech ... in the 
 Senate . . . April 16, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 
 1898. 8 pp. 8°. 
 
 Perkins, Geo[ege] C[lement] 1839- The destruction of the Maine an act of war. 
 Address ... in the Senate . . . April 4, 1898, with report on the resolu- 
 tion providing for a bronze tablet in memory of the United States sailors 
 killed by the explosion of a Spanish mine in the harbor of Havana. 
 Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 16 pp. 8°. 
 Contains also his speech of April 14, IS'JS, " Intervention in Cuba." 
 
 Proctor, Eedpield. The condition of Cuba. It is not peace, nor is it war. Speech 
 
 in the Senate of the United States, March 17, 1898. Washington, 1898. 
 
 16 pp. 8°. 
 Rawlins, Joseph L[afayette] 1850- Independence of Cuba. Eemarks ... in 
 
 the Senate . . . April 18, 1898. Washington [Government printing 
 
 office] 1898. 16 pp. 8°. 
 
 . . . Eesolution and remarks relating to the Spanish-Cuban question . . . 
 
 in the Senate . . . April 4, 1898. Washington [Government printing 
 office] 1898. 8 pp. 8°. 
 
 Robinson, J[ames] M., 1861- Cuba— The late Hon. Seth L. Milliken— Abuse of the 
 vacation and sick leave of government employees — The war in Cuba. 
 Speeches ... in the House . . . December 15, 1897, and January 20, 
 1898; also memorial addresses on the life and public services of the late 
 Hon. Seth L. Milliken . . . January 15, 1898. Washington [Government 
 printing office] 1898. 16 pp. 8°. 
 
 War in Cuba, by D. G. Colson. Memorial addresses by N. Dingley, C. A. Boutelle, and 
 H. Skinner. 
 
 Simpson, Jerry, 1842- The civil -service and Cuban questions. Remarks ... in 
 the House of representatives, January 11 and 20, 1898. Washington [Gov- 
 ernment printing office] 1898. 16 pp. 8°. 
 
 Spooner, John C[oit] Affairs in Cuba. Speech ... in the Senate of the United 
 States . . . April 15, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 
 1898. 47 pp. 8°. 
 
 SuLZER, William. ' ' The American people want Cuba to be free. ' ' Speech 
 ... in the House of representatives, June 17, 1897. Washington [Gov- 
 ernment printing office] 1898. 6 pp. 8°. 
 
 The reorganization of the army and Cuban independence. Speech ... in 
 
 the House of representatives . . . April 7, 1898. Washington [Govern- 
 ment printing office] 1898. 18 pp. 8°. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 443 
 
 Thukston, JohnM[ellen] Cubamustbefree . . . Speeches . . . intheSenate . . . 
 March 24, 1898 . . . April 16, 1898, and . . . April 20, 1898. Washing- 
 ton [Government printing oflSce], 1898. 16 pp. 8°. 
 Speech of March 24 has caption-title: "Affairs in Cuba." 
 
 Tillman, B[enjamin] K[yAN] Independence of Cuba. No reconstruction or car- 
 petbag government under pretense of patriotic motives. Cuban patriots 
 must not be made to pay Spain's war debt. Speech ... in the Senate of 
 the United States . . . April 15, 1898. Washington [Government print- 
 ing office] 1898. 16 pp. 8°. 
 
 TuENEE, George, 1850- . . . Independence of Cuba. Speech ... in the Senate 
 of the United States . . . April 14, 1898. Washington [Government 
 printing office] 1898. 16 pp. 8°. 
 
 TuEPiE, David. Cuban independence. Speech ... in the Senate of the United 
 States . . . April 5, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 
 1898. 7 pp. 8°. 
 
 Vincent, W[illiam]D., 1852- Cuban independence. Speech . . . in the House . . . 
 Aprill8,1898. Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 7pp. 8°, 
 
 Wellington, Geoege L[odis] Cuban affairs. Speech ... in the Senate . . . 
 April 16, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 12 pp. 
 8°. 
 
 White, Stephen M[allory] 1853- Executive jurisdiction in diplomatic affairs. — 
 Constitutional limitations protect the presidential office. — The organic law 
 inhibits interference by the legislative department with exercise of execu- 
 tive functions. — The case of Julio Sanguily. Speech ... in the Senate 
 . . . February 25, and . . . February 26, 1897. Washington [Govern- 
 ment printing office] 1897. 46 pp. 8°. 
 
 Cuban intervention. Speech ... in the Senate . . . April 16, 1898. 
 
 Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 16 pp. 8°. 
 
 Wilson, John L[oce:wood] Cuban independence. Speech ... in the Senate 
 . . . April 16, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 1898. 
 6 pp. 8°. 
 
 Wolcott, Edwaed O [liver] Cuba. Remarks of Hon. Edw'ard O. Wolcott ... in 
 the Senate . . . April 15, 1898. Washington [Government printing office] 
 1898. 8 pp. 8°. 
 
 XmiTED STATES CONSULAR REPORTS, 1897-1905. 
 [Earlier consular reports are noted on pp. — .] 
 
 1897. American eggs in Cuba. John T. Hyatt, vol. 55, no. 204, Sept., 1897, p. 88. 
 
 1897. New tariff of Cuba. Translation, made by W. C. Mayo. vol. 55, no. 207, Dec, 
 
 1897, pp. 577-623. 
 
 1898. Cuba and Puerto Rico. From the forthcoming ed. of "Review of the world's 
 
 commerce," 1896-97. vol. 57, no. 214, July, 1898, pp. 321-340. 
 1898. Belgian trade with Cuba and Puerto Rico. Henry C. Morris, vol. 57, no. 215, 
 Aug., 1898, pp. 539-540. 
 
 1898. Competition of Cuban sugar. Talbot J. Albert, vol. 58, no. 218, Nov., 1898, 
 
 pp. 421-422. 
 
 1899. Trade of Belfast with Cuba and the United States. William W. Touvelle. 
 
 vol. 59, no. 220, Jan., 1899. pp. 76-77. 
 1899. Shipments of Venezuelan cattle to Cuba. Consul Ellsworth, vol. 59, no. 222, 
 Mar., 1899, pp. 378-379. 
 
 1899. Manchester exports to Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. Consul Grin- 
 
 nell. vol. 60, no. 226, July, 1899, pp. 521-522. 
 
 1900. Dutch exports to Cuba. S. Listoe. vol. 64, no. 242, Nov., 1900, pp. 374-375. 
 
444 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1901. Commerce of Hamburg with Cuba. Richard Guenther. vol. 67, no. 255, 
 
 Dec, 1901, p. 498. 
 
 1902. Quarantine service in Cuba. H. G. Squiers. vol. 70, no. 266, Nov., 1902, pp. 
 
 386-390. 
 1902. Foreign insurance companies in Cuba. H. G. Squiers. vol. 70, no. 266, Nov., 
 
 1902, pp. 390-391. 
 1902. Sugar production in Cuba. H. G. Squiers. vol. 70, no 266, Nov., 1902, p. 385. 
 1902. Patents, trade-marks, and copyrights in Cuba. H. G. Squiers. vol. 70, no. 
 
 267, Dec, 1902, pp. 453-466. 
 1902. Imports of cheese cloth into Cuba. H. G. Squiers. vol. 70, no. 267, Dec, 
 
 1902, p. 468. 
 
 1902. Fraudulent land schemes in Cuba. E. S. Bragg, vol. 70, no. 267, Dec, 1902, 
 
 pp. 468-469. 
 
 1903. Cuban presidential message. [Translation of President Palma's message to 
 
 Congress.] vol. 71, no. 269, Feb., 1903, pp. 178-188. 
 1903. Sanitary conditions of Habana. Jacob Sleeper, vol. 71, no. 269, Feb., 1903, 
 
 pp. 188-192. 
 1903. Importation of cattle into Cuba. H. G. Squiers. vol. 71, no. 269, Feb., 1903, 
 
 pp. 194. 
 1903. Citizenship in Cuba. H. G. Squiers. vol. 71, no. 269, Feb., 1903, pp. 195-197. 
 1903. Sugar crop in Santiago de Cuba. R. E. Holaday. vol. 71, no. 269, Feb., 1903, 
 
 p. 197. 
 1903. Uruguayan commerce with Cuba. Albert W. Swalm. vol. 71, no. 271, Apr., 
 
 1903. pp. 520-521. 
 
 1903. Trade of Cuba. H. G. Squiers. vol. 72, no. 272, May, 1903, p. 126. 
 
 1903. Trade at Santiago de Cuba. R. E. Holaday. vol. 72, no. 272, May, 1903, 
 
 p. 127. 
 1903. Sawmills and lumber in Cuba. Max J. Baehr. vol. 72, no. 272, May, 1903, 
 
 p. 128. 
 1903. Cuban diplomatic and consular service. J. Sleeper, vol. 72, no. 272, May, 
 
 1903, pp. 128-129. 
 1903. American vs. European manufactures in Cuba. vol. 72, no. 274, July, 1903, 
 
 pp. 353-356. 
 1903. Agricultural lands in Cuba. R. E. Holaday. vol. 72, no. 274, July, 1903, pp. 
 
 357-358. 
 1903. Trade of Cienfuegos. Max J. Baehr. vol. 72, no. 274, July, 1903, pp. 358-360. 
 1903. Trade at Santiago de Cuba. R. E. Holaday. vol. 72, no. 274, July, 1903, 
 
 p. 361. 
 1903. Cuban tariff on coffee. H. G. Squiers. vol. 73, no. 276, Sept., 1903, p. 99. 
 1903. Cuba. Annual report for 1903. F. Steinhart. vol. 73, no. 278, Nov., 1903, 
 
 pp. 411-437. 
 1903. Cuban fruit in the United States, vol. 73, no. 279, Dec, 1903, pp. 618-619. 
 
 OTHER PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 Abad, L. V. DE. New constitution establishing self government in the islands of 
 
 Cuba and Porto Rico. 
 A. G. 0. Military notes on Cuba. 
 Alfonso, P. A. Memorias de un matancero. Apuntes para la historia de la Isla de 
 
 Cuba, con relacion a la ciudad de San Carlos y San Severino de Matan- 
 
 zas. Mantanzas, 1854. 
 Alcosta, Leandro Gonzalez. Qu6 pasa en Cuba; por qu6 crece la insurrecci6n y 
 
 como se extravia aqui la opinion publica. 2" edicion. Le6n, 1896. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 445 
 
 Bailly-Bailliere. Anuario del comercio, de la industria, de la magistradura y de 
 
 la adminitracion, 6 directorio de las 400,000 senas de Espana, Ultramar, 
 
 Estados Hispano-Americanos y Portugar. Ano XVIII. Madrid, 1896. 
 Ballou, M. M. Due south; Cuba, past and present. Boston, 1885. 
 Bando de Gobernacion y policia de la Isla de Cuba, expedido por el excelentisimo 
 
 Senor D. Jeronimo Valdes, presidente, gobernador y capitdn general. 
 Habana, 1840. 
 Behm and Wagner. Die Bevolkerung der Erde, nos. 1, 2, 6, 7, 8. (In Petermann'a 
 
 Geographische Mittheilungen. Erganzungshefte 33 (1872), 35 (1874), 62 
 
 (1880), 69 (1882), 101 (1892). 
 Blackman. Spanish institutions in the southwest. 
 Brooke, John R. , Major- General. Reports on affairs of Cuba, 1898. 
 Blanchet, Emilio. Compendio de la historia de Cuba. Matanzas, 1866. 
 Callahan, J. M. Cuba and international relations. Censo de la poblacion de 
 
 Espafia segun el recuento verificado en 25 de diciembre de 1860, por la 
 
 Junta general de estadistica. 
 Censo de la poblacion de Espana segun el empadronamiento hecho en 31 de 
 
 diciembre de 1887, por la iDireccion general del Instituto geogrdfico y 
 
 estadistico. 
 Castro de Fernandez. Estudios sobre las minas de oro en la Isla de Cuba. Habana, 
 
 1865. 
 Carrion, Leopoldo Barrios y, Capitdn del Estado Mayor. Sobre la historia de la 
 
 guerra de Cuba. Barcelona, Revista cientifico-militar, 1888-90. 
 Cespedest, F. de Armas y. De la esclavitud en Cuba. Madrid, 1866. 
 Clark. Commercial Cuba. 
 Columbus, Christopher. Journal of voyages. 
 
 CoNTE, F. A. La lucha polltica en Cuba (1878-89). Habana, 1889. 
 Cuban Belligerency. Petition of Tomds Estrada Palma, delegate of the Republic 
 
 of Cuba. Statement of the law, by Horatio S. Rubens, counsel for the 
 
 delegation. New York (1896). 
 Davey. Cuba, past and present. 
 Delitsch, Otto. Cuba (in Stein and Horschelmann, Handbuch der Geographie und 
 
 Statistik). 7th ed. vol. 1, pt. 4, pp. 1870-1917. 
 D'Hespel D'Harponville, Gustave. La reine des Antilles. 
 DoMiNGUEz. Los antiguos diputados de Cuba. 
 Edwards. History of the West Indies. Encyclopgedia Americana; Encyclopaedia 
 
 Britannica: The West Indies. 
 Erenchun, J. F. Anales de la Islade Cuba. Diccionario administrativo, economico, 
 
 estadistico y legislativo. 3 vols. Madrid; Habana, 1857-64. 
 Eslava, Rafael G. Juicio critico de Cuba en 1887. (Habana, 1887.) 
 
 Historia colonial de Cuba desde su descubrimiento hasta el ano 1888. (Ha- 
 bana, 1889.) 
 Espana y Cuba. Estado politico y administrativo de la Grande Antilla bajo la domi- 
 
 nacion espanola. (Madrid, 1896. ) 
 Ferrer, R. Estudios fisicos, geogrdflcos y geologicos de Cuba. 
 FiGUERA, F. Estudios sobre la Isla de Cuba. La cuestion social. (Madrid, 1866.) 
 PisKE, A. K. The West Indies. 
 FisKE, John. Discovery of America. 
 Froude. Oceana. 
 
 Gonzalez, Vicente Torres Y. La insurreccion de Cuba. (Madrid, 1896.) 
 Halstead. Story of Cuba. 
 Helps. Spanish colonization in America. 
 Hill, R. T. Cuba and Porto Rico. 
 Hume. History of Spain, 
 
446 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Irving. The companions of Columbus. 
 
 The life and voyages of Columbus. 
 
 KiDD, B. Control of the Tropics. 
 
 Kimball, R. B. Cuba and the Cubans. History and condition of the island. 
 
 Lee, Fitzhugh, Maj. Gen. Report on Cuban affairs. 
 
 Lodge, Henry Cabot. The Spanish-American war. 
 
 Ludlow, Wm., Maj. Gen. Report on Cuban affairs, 1898-99. 
 
 Macdonald. Select documents of United States history. 
 
 Merchan, Rafael M. Cuba: Justificacion de su guerra de independencia. 
 
 Merivale. Colonization and colonies. 
 
 Moreno, Francisco. Cuba y su gente. Apuntes para la historia. El pais del 
 
 chocolate. 
 NMez, Severo Gomez, Capitan de artilleria. Estudios geognlficos y estadieticos 
 
 de la Isla de Cuba. 
 Oeellano, Cespedes y. Elementos teorico-prActicos de procedimientos civiles, con 
 
 aplicacion d las islas de Cuba y Puerto Rico. 
 Ortega, Juan Calero y, Teniente de infanteria. Guerras irregulares y de montana. 
 Pascual, Augustin. Rapport sur I'etat, 1' organisation et le progres de la statistique 
 
 en Espagne, presente a la huitieme session du Congres international de 
 
 statistique. 
 Pasaron y Lastra, R. La Isla de Cuba considerada economicamente. 
 Pepper. To-morrow in Cuba. 
 
 Pezuela, Jacobo de la. Historia de la guerra de Cuba. 
 Pieltain, Candido, Capitan General. La Isla de Cuba desde mediados de abril A 
 
 fines de pctubre de 1873. 
 PiRALA, A. Anales de la guerra de Cuba. 
 Porter, Robt. P. Industrial Cuba. 
 QuEiPO, V. Vasquez. Informe sobre la poblacion blanca en la Isla de Cuba. 
 
 Resena geogrdfica y estadistica de Espana. Por la Direccion general del Insti- 
 
 tuto geogrdfico y estadistico. 
 Reclus, Elisee. The earth and its inhabitants: North America; Universal Geog- 
 raphy. Resumen del censo de poblacion de la Isla de Cuba d fin del ai5o 
 
 de 1841. 
 Sagra, Ramon de la. Historia fisica y natural de la Isla de Cuba. 
 Sago, Antonio. Folletos escritos contra la anexion de la Isla de Cuba d loa Estados 
 
 Unidos de America. 
 Santacilla, p. Lecciones orales sobre la historia de Cuba, pronunciadas en el 
 
 Ateneo democrdtico cubano de Nueva York. 
 Salazar, Pedro Gutierrez y. Reformas de Cuba. Cuestion social. 
 Salto, Rafael Delforme. Cuba y la reforma colonial en Espana. 
 Shaw, Albert. Municipal government in Great Britain and Europe. 
 Sotomayor, V. Feijo. Isla de Cuba: Inmigracion de trabajadores espafioles; docu- 
 
 mentos y memoria sobre esta materia. 
 ToRRADO, Antonio Romero. El problema de Cuba. 
 Torre, Jose M. de la. Novlsimos elementos de geografia e historia de la Isla de 
 
 Cuba. 
 ToRRiENTE, M. Bosquejo economico-politico de la Isla de Cuba. 
 Tuero, Fernando Lopez. Estudio moral de los factores de la produccion en Cuba 
 
 y Puerto Rico. 
 VivEs, F. D. Cuadro estadistico de la Isla de Cuba correspondiente al ano 1827. 
 
 Precedido de una descripcion historica, fisica, geogrdfica y notas. 
 Wilson, J. H., Maj. Gen. Report on Cuban affairs. 1898. 
 Wood, Leonard, Maj. Gen. Report on Cuban affairs. 
 Zamora. Legislacion ultramarina. 
 Zaragosa. Cuban insurrections. 
 
~ MAPS RELATING TO CUBA. 
 
 [Compiled by P. Lee Phillips of the Library of Congress, Washington, D. C] 
 
 1492. Croquis de una parte de los archipielagos de Bahama y Antillas, para elucidar 
 principalmente las cuestiones de cuales sean la verdadera Guanahani de 
 Colon i el puerto de la isla de Cuba, en que primero recalo. lljxlS^. 
 [In Varnhagen (F. A. de). La verdadera Guanhani de Colon. 8°. Santiago, 1864]. 
 
 1492. Extrait de la carte du premier voyage de Christophe Colomb, dressee par m. 
 de Navarette. Gravee par Berthe. 82xl2|. 
 
 [In Nouvelles annales des voyages. 2« s6rie. 8°. Paris, Gide flls, 1828. v. 10, 
 p. 299] . 
 
 1492-1692. [Dibujo atribuido d Cristobal Colon, que se halla unido A la traduccion 
 latina de Cozco de la carta que aquel escribio al tesorero Sanchez. Figura 
 de la isla de Cuba en el Isolario de Benedeto Bordoni de 1528. — Figura de 
 la misma isla en una carta unida a una edicion de Tolomeo de 1513. — Otra 
 figura de dicha isla en una carta de Teodoro de Bry de 1592. — Otra figura 
 en una gran carta portuguesa, pintada sobre pergamino, que se halla en la 
 biblioteca real de Paris. — Otra figura en la carta de Paolo Forlano, titulada 
 La descriptione de tuto il Peru, por los afios 1564 y 1565]. llfxS. 
 
 [In Sagra (Ramon de la). Historia fisica, polltica y natural de la isla de Cuba. fol. 
 Paris, A. Bertrand, 1842. v. 2, pi. 2, nos. 1-6]. 
 
 1493-1500. Parte correspondiente d la America de la carta general de Juan de La 
 Cosa, piloto en el segundo viage de Cristobal Colon en 1493, y en la expe- 
 dicion de Alonzo de Hojeda en 1499. Calcada sobre la original que posee 
 el sr. baron de Walckenaer . . . 23x34. Paris, 1837. 
 
 [In Sagra (Ramon de la). Historia fisica, politica y natural de la isla de Cuba. fol. 
 Paris, A. Bertrand, 1842. v. 2]. 
 
 1528. Cuba. 3ix5|. 
 
 [Ill Bordone (Benedetto). Libro, nel qual si regiona de tutti 1' isola del mondo. 4° 
 Vinegia, N. d'Aristotile, detto Zoppino, 1528. p. 13]. 
 
 1528. [West Indies]. 3ix5|. 
 
 [In Bordone (Benedetto). Libro, nel qual si regiona de tutti 1' isola del mondo. 4° 
 Vinegia, N. d'Aristotile, detto Zoppino, 1528. p. 14] . 
 
 1555. Parte de una carta del atlas universal manuscrito de Guillermo Le Testu. 
 1555. 12x9. 
 
 [M Sagra (Ramon de la). Historia fisica, politica y natural de la isla de Cuba. fol. 
 Paris, A. Bertrand, 1842. v. 2, pi. 3] . 
 
 • 1564-1565. [Mapa de la isla de una coleccion de Fernando Berteli, ,hecha por los 
 anos de 1564 y 1565]. 10x7. 
 
 [In Sagra (Ram6n de la). Historia fisica, politica y natural de la isla de Cuba. fol. 
 Paris, A. Bertrand, 1842. v. 2, pi. 4] . 
 
 1564-1604. [Piano de la isla de Cuba de Paolo Forlano de 1564. — Isla de Cuba de una 
 carta de Teodoro Bry de 1594. — La misma isla de la gran carta manuscrita 
 y pintada de Matheum Nerenium Pegciolem de 1604] . 12|x9^. 
 
 [In Sagra (Ram6n de la). Historia fisica, politica y natural de la isla de Cuba. fol. 
 Paris, A. Bertrand, 1842. v. 2, pi. 5, nos. 1-3] . 
 
 447 
 
448 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1579. Cvliacanae, Americae regionis, descriptio. — Hispaniolae, Cvbae, aliarvmqve 
 insvlarvm circvmiacientivm, delineatio. 1579. 14x19^. 
 
 [Jm Ortelius (Abraham). Theatrvm orbis terrarvm. Opus nunc tertio ab ipso auctore 
 recognitum. fol. Antverpiae, apud C. Plantinum, 1584. no. 7]. 
 
 Same. 
 Same. 
 Same. 
 Same. 
 Same. 
 Same. 
 Same. 
 Same. 
 
 [In Ortelius (Abraham). Th^Eltre de I'vnivers. fol. [Anvers, C. Plantin], 1587. 
 no. 7] . 
 
 [In Ortelius (Abraham). Theatrvm orbis terrarvm. fol. Antverpiae, in oflftcina 
 Plantiniana, 1592. no. 8] . 
 
 [In Ortelius (Abraham). Theatrvm orbis terrarvm Abrahami Orteli. fol. [Ant- 
 werp] , ghedruckt voor Abraham Ortelius, 1598. no. 8] . 
 
 [In Ortelius (Abraham). Theatrvm orbis terrarvm. fol. Antverpiae, ex ofl&cina 
 Plantiniana, 1601. no. 8] . 
 
 [In Ortelius (Abraham). Theatrvm orbis terrarvm. Editio vltima. fol. Ant- 
 verpiae, apvd I. B. Vrintivm, 1603. no. 8] . 
 
 [In Ortelius (Abraham). Theatro del mondo. fol. In An versa, libraria Plantiniana, 
 1612. no. 8]. 
 
 [Inserted in Ortelius (Abraham). Theatrum oder schawplatz des erdbodems. fol. 
 Antorff, Gielis von Diest, 1572. no. 8] . 
 
 [Inserted in Ortelius (Abraham). Theatrum orbis terrarum. Opus nunc denuo ab 
 ipso auctore recognitum. uncolored ed. fol. Antverpiae, apud A. R. Gandensem, 
 1575. no. 4] . 
 
 1586-88. Voyage par mer fait par Thomas Candisch dans les Indes Occidentales, et 
 de la autour du monde, tire de ses memoires et des cartes les plus correctes 
 qui en ont ete faites sur les lieux, nouvellement rendu public par Pierre 
 vander Aa. Sfxll^. 
 
 [In Aa (Pierre vander). Atlas nouveau et curieux des plus celfebres itin^raires. 
 obi. fol. Leide, P. Van Der Aa, [1728?] no. 4] 
 
 1586-98. Carte des divers voyages du Comte de Cumberland vers les cotes d'Afrique, 
 vers Porto Rico et autres iles de I'Amerique, dressez sur ses relations, et 
 sur differentes observations posterieures, recemment donnez au public par 
 Pierre vander Aa. Milliaria Germania 15 in uno gradu. 8^x11. 
 
 [In Aa (Pierre vander). Atlas nouveau et curieux des plus c61ebres itin^raires. 
 obi. fol. Leide, P. Van Der Aa, [1728?] no. 96]. 
 
 1599. Cuba ende Jamaica. — Cuba insula. Petrus Kserius csela. 3ix4|. 
 
 [In Langenes (Bernardt). Caert-thresoor inhoudende de tafelen des gantsche werelts 
 landen. 2 v. in 1. obi. 16°. Amsterdam, C. Claesz, 1599. v. 2, p. 151]. 
 
 1599. Cuba, Hispaniola, lucatan, &c. — Insularum Cubge, Hispaniote, lucatanse & 
 circumjacentium describtio. 35-x4|. 
 
 [In Langenes (Bernardt) . Caert-thresoor inhoudende de tafelen des gantsche werelts 
 landen. 2 v. in 1. obi. 16°. Amsterdam, C. Claesz, 1599. v. 2, p. 149]. 
 
 1605. Cvba insvla et Jamaica. 8x11. 
 
 [In W^ytfliet (Cornelius) and others. Histoire vniverselle des Indes. fol. Douay, 
 F. Fabri, 1597. bet. pp. 100-101] . 
 
 1605. Residvm continentis cum adiacentibus insvlis. 9x11. 
 
 [In Wytfliet (Cornelius) and others. Histoire universelle des Indes. fol. Douay. 
 F. Fabri, 1605. facing p. 97]. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 449 
 
 1607-1679. [Porcion de la costa de la iala de Cuba, gravada d principios del siglo 
 XVIII. Isla de Cuba del atlas de Hondius de 1607. Piano manu crito 
 de la ciudad de la Habana en 1615, que se halla en las carteras del Deposito 
 de la marina en Paris. Piano manuscrito conservado en el mismo depo- 
 sito, y que lleva por lej^enda: La Havane en 1670, envoye par m. le c. d'Es- 
 trees, suivant sa lettre de 10 octobre 1679 a, Brest]. 85^x14^. 
 
 [In Sagra (Ramon de la). Historia fisica, polltica y natural de la isla de Cuba. fol. 
 Paris, A. Bertrand, 1842. v. 2, pi. 6, no. 1-2]. 
 
 1609. Cuba insula. — Havana. — Hispaniola insula. — Insula lamaica. — Ins. S. loan- 
 nis. — Ins. Margareta cum conflniis. 14x19}. 
 
 [i« Mercator (Gerard). L'atlas ou meditations cosmographiqves. fol. Amsterodami, 
 I. Hondij, 1609. no. 144]. 
 
 Same. 
 
 Same. 
 
 Same. 
 
 [Tw Mercator (Gerard). Atlaa sive cosmographicse meditationes. Denuo auctus. fol. 
 Amsterodami, I. Hondij, 1619. p. 360] . 
 
 [J)i Mercator (Gerhard). Atlas, sive cosmographiesemeditiones. Editio deeima. fol. 
 Amsterdami, sumptibus, H. Hondij, 1630. p. 387]. 
 
 [7m Mercator (Gerard). Atlas ou representation du monde universel. Ed. nouv. 2 v. 
 fol. Amsterdam, H. Hondius, 1633. v. 2, pp. 702-703] . 
 
 Same. 
 
 [In Mercator (Gerard). Atlas, or a geographieke description of the regions, countries 
 and kingdomes of the world. 2 v. fol. Amsterdam, H. Hondius, 1636-38. v. 2, 
 p. 447] . 
 
 1609. Cuba insula. Petrus Kserius csela. 3^x5. 
 
 [In Langenes (Bernardt). Hand-boeck of cort begrijp der caerten ende beschry- 
 vinghen van alle landen des werelds. obi. 32°. 't Amstelredam, Cornells Claesz, 
 1609. p. 711] . 
 
 1609. Insularum Cubee, Hispaniolae, lucatanse, & circumjacentium describtio. 3^x5. 
 [In Langenes (Bernardt). Hand-boeck of cort begrijp der caerten ende beschrijvin- 
 ghen van alle landen des werelds. obi. 32°. Amstelredam, Cornelis Claesz, 1609. 
 p. 707]. 
 
 1615-1679. [Piano manuscrito de la ciudad de la Habana en 1615, que se halla en las 
 carteras del deposito de la marina en Paris. — Piano manuscrito conservado 
 en el mismo deposito, y que lleva por leyenda: La Havane en 1679, envoye 
 par m. le c. d'Estrees, suivant sa lettre de 10 Octobre 1679, a Brest]. 
 13x7J. 
 
 [In Sagra (Ramon de la). Historia fisica, polltica y natural de la isla de Cuba. fol. 
 Paris, A. Bertrand, 1842. v. 2, pi. 7]. 
 
 1625. De groote ende kleyne eylanden van West-Indien. 11x14. 
 
 [Jw Laet (Joannes de). Nieuvve wereldt, ofte beschrijvinghe van West-Indien. fol. 
 Leyden, J. Elzevier, 1625. opp. p. 1]. 
 
 Note. — Also in the translated editions of de Laet, 1633 and 1640, and the Dutch edi- 
 tion of 1630. 
 
 1628. Abbildung weelcher gestalt die Spanische silberflotta vondem Holliindischen 
 general Peter Peters Hayn an der insel Cuba in der baya Patanca anno 
 1628 erobert worden. 7jxl5|. 
 
 [In Abelin (Johann Philipp) . Newe welt und Americanische historien. Durch John 
 Ludwig Gottfriedt. [pseud.] fol. Franckfurt am Main, M. Merian, 1631. bet. 
 pp. 66-67]. 
 
 159a— 05 29 
 
450 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1628. Cvba insvla. — Ins. lamaica. — Ins. S. loannis. — Hispaniola insula. — I. S. Mar- 
 gareta. 5|x7. 
 
 [In Mercator (Gerard). Atlas minor, obi. 8°. Amsterodami, ex officina I. lanssonii, 
 
 1628. p. 647] . 
 Note.— Text in double column on verso of the map. 
 
 Same. 
 
 [Jw Mercator (Gerard). Atlas minor, obi. 12°. Amsterodami, ex officina I. lanssonii, 
 1634. p. 643]. 
 
 Same. 
 
 [In Mercator (Gerard). Atlas minor, obi. 12°. Amstelodami, ex oflBcina loannis 
 
 lanssonii , 1651. pt. 2, p. 397] . 
 Note.— Inset to "Cvba insvla": " Hauana portus." 
 
 1639. Insvlee Americanae in oceano septentrionali, cum terris adiacentibus. 15x205^. 
 Amsterdami, apud loannem lanssonium, [1639]. 
 
 [/« Hondius ( Henricus) . Nouveau theatre dv monde. fol. Amsterdam, H. Hondius, 
 1639. V. 3, no. 103] . 
 
 Same. 
 
 [In Jansson (Jan). Novus atlas, sive theatrum orbis terrarum. fol. Amstelodami, 
 J. Janssonium, 1646-49. v. 3, pt. 2, no. 26] . 
 
 Same. 
 
 [i>i Jansson (Jan). Nuevo atlas, fol. Amsterdam, I. lansson, 1653. v. 2]. 
 
 1646. Carta prima generale d' America dell' India Occidentale e mare del Zur. Afo. 
 Lucini, feci. 19x27J. 
 
 [In T)ud\ey CRohen, duke of Northumhericnd). Dell' arcane del mare. fol. Firenze, 
 F. Onofri, 1646. book 2, p. 40] . 
 
 1652. Havana. 1^x2. 
 
 [/?i Visscher (Nikolaas). Atlas minor sive geographia compendiosa. fol. Amstelse- 
 
 dami, N. Visscher, [1690?] colored ed. no. 2]. 
 Note. — Inset to no. 2, "Nova totius terrarum orbia . . . tabula. 1652." 
 
 1656. Les isles Antilles, etc., entre lesquelles sont les Lvcayes, et les Caribes. Par 
 
 N. Sanson. 15Jx22. Paris, I'autheur, 1656. 
 
 [/m Cappel (Jacques). Cartes recueillies en un tome, en 1679. fol. [n. p., 1679]. 
 no. 119] . 
 
 Same. 
 
 [In Sanson (Nicolas, d' Abbeville), Sanson (Guillaume) and Sanson (Nicolas, fits). 
 Cartes g6n6rales de la g^ographie ancienne et nouvelle. fol. Paris, chez I'auteur 
 et P. Mariette, 1675. v. 1, no. 26] . 
 
 1657. Les Isles Antilles, etc., entre lesquelles sont les Lucayes, et les Caribes. Par 
 
 N. Sanson, 1657. 8Jxl2. 
 
 [In his L'Ami5rique en plvsievrs cartes. 4°. Paris, I'avthevr, 1657. no. 7]. 
 
 1658. Insulee Americanae in oceano septentrionali cum terris adiacentibus. 15x20}. 
 
 [In Blaeu (Willem Janszoon) and Blaeu (Joan). Toonneel des aerdriicx, ofte nievwe 
 atlas, fol. Amsterdami, apud I. Guiljelmi f. Blaeu, 1648-58. v. 2, pt. 2. America, 
 bet. pp. 4-5] . 
 
 Same. 
 
 [In Blaeu (W. J.) and Blaeu (Jan). Le grand atlas, ov cosmographie Blaviane, 
 contenant rAmfirique. fol. Amsterdam, J. Blaeu, 1667. v. 12, bet. pp. 83-84]. 
 
 1658. Pascaerte vande Caribische eylanden, vande Barbados tot aende bocht van 
 Mexico. 2 sheets each, 17x21}. Amsterdam, H. Doncker, 1658. 
 
 [In Doncker (Hendrick). De zee-atlas ofte water waereld. fol. Amsterdam, H. 
 Doncker, 1660. no. 21-22] . 
 
 ■ Same. 
 
 [/n Doncker (Hendrick). De zee-atlas ofte water- wsereld. t' Amsterdam, H. Doncker, 
 1666. no. 24-25]. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 451 
 
 1661. Pascaerte vande Caraibes, S. luan de Porte Rico, de oosthoeck van I. Span- 
 gnola als mede de vaste cust van Nueva Andalusia met de eylanden daer 
 omtrent gelegen. Nieu-lyckx uitgegeven t Amsterdam. By Johannes 
 van Loon, zee-caert-maeker en plaet-snyder. 171x21^. 
 
 [In Loon (Johannes van). Klaer lichtende noortster ofte zee atlas, fol. t' Amster- 
 dam, J. van Loon, 1661. no. 44]. 
 
 1661. Pascaarte vande vaste cust en eylanden van West Indian, als mede de Virginis 
 en Nieu-Nederland, van C. Droge tot C. Cod. 17^x21^. 't Amsterdam, 
 by Johannes van Loon, plaet-snyder en zee-caart-maker. 
 
 [In Loon (Joannes van). Klaer lichtende noortster ofte zee atlas, fol. t' Amster- 
 dam, J. van Loon, 1661. no. 421. 
 
 Same. 
 
 [Jto Loon (Jan van). Klaer-lichtende noort-star oste zee-atlas, fol. t' Amsterdam, 
 J. van Loon, 1666. no. 31] . 
 
 1666. Pascaerte van West Indien de vaste kusten en de eylanden. 17^x21^. 
 
 [Jji Goos (Pieter). [De zee-atlas ofte water- weereld] . fol. [Amsterdam, P. Goos, 
 1666]. no. 34]. 
 
 Same. 
 
 [Jw Goos (Pieter). De zee-atlas ofte water- weereld. fol. Amsterdam, P. Goos, 1666. 
 no. 85] . 
 
 1667. Canibalis insvlge. 16^x20J. 
 
 [In Blaeu (W. J.) and Blaeu (Jan). Le grand atlas, ov cosmographie Blaviane, 
 contenant I'Am^rique. fol. Amsterdam, J. Blaeu, 1667. v. 12, bet. pp. 95-96]. 
 
 1671. Havana. [View]. 11^x13^. 
 
 [In Montanus (Arnoldus). De nieuwe en onhekende weereld. 4°. t' Amsterdam, 
 
 J. Meurs, 1671. bet. pp. 154-155] . 
 Note. — Same in Ogilby's America, 1671 and Dapper's German translation, 1673. 
 
 1671. Insulfe Americanse in oceano septentrionali cum terris adiacentibus. llxlSJ. 
 [In Montanus (Arnoldus). De nieuwe en onbekende weerld. 4°. t' Amsterdam, 
 
 J. Meurs, 1671. bet. pp. 172-173] . 
 Note. — Same in Ogilby's America, 1671 and Dapper's German translation, 1673. 
 
 1675? Generaele kaert van West Indien vande linie aequinoctiael tot benoorde Terra 
 Neuf. Duytsche mylen 15 in een graadt. 17^x21. 
 
 [In Roggeveen (Arend). Het eerste deel van het brandende veen, verlichtende alle 
 devaste kusten ende eylanden van geheel West-Indien. fol. t' Amsteldam, 
 P. Goos, [1675] . index map] . 
 
 1675? Pascaerte van de eylanden Cuba en Jamaica en de andere eylanden daer ontrent 
 gelegen beschreven door Arent Roggeveen. Duytsche mylen 15 in een 
 graadt. 16^x20^. 
 
 [In Roggeveen (Arend). Het eerste deel van het brandende veen, verlichtende alle 
 de vaste kusten ende eylanden van geheel West-Indien. fol. t' Amsteldam, 
 P. Goos, [1675] . no. 24] . 
 
 1675? Paskaert vande noorde cust van Cuba, streckende van bahia de Matancas tot 
 Pahia Honda. Beschreven door Arent Roggeveen. Duytsche mylen 15 
 in een graad. 16x20. 
 
 [In Roggeveen (Arend). Het eerste deel van het brandende veen, verlichtende alle 
 de vaste kusten ende eylanden van geheel West-Indien. fol. t' Amsteldam, 
 P. Goos, [1675] . no. 25] . 
 
 1675? Roggeveen (Arend). Het eerste deel van het brandende veen, verlichtende 
 alle de vaste kusten ende eylanden van geheel West-Indien. 6 p. 1., 
 62, [1] pp., 33 col. maps. fol. t' Amsteldam, P. Goos, [1675]. 
 
 Note. — Date 1676 at end of dedication. Title-page and maps beautifully illumi- 
 nated. Contains the following maps relating to Cuba: no. 1, Generaele kaert van 
 West Indien. no. 21, Pascaerte van de noordcust van Spagnola tusschen de bay 
 van Mansaniella tot de reede van 't eylandt Tortugas. no. 23, Pascaert van de eylan- 
 . den Cuba en Jamaica en de andere eylanden daer ontrent gelegen. no. 24, Paskaert 
 vande Noord cust van Cuba, streckende van bahia Matancas tot Bahia Honda. 
 
452 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1675. A chart of the Caribe islands. By John Seller. 17x21. 
 
 [In his Atlas maritimus. fol. London, J. Darby, for the author, 1675. no. 45]. 
 
 1675. A chart of the West Indies, from Cape Cod to the river Oronoque. By John 
 Seller. 17x23*. 
 
 [In his Atlas maritimus. fol. London, J. Darbr, for the author, 1675. no. 40]. 
 
 1675. A general chart of the West India's. By John Seller. 17x21J. 
 
 [In his Atlas maritimus. fol. London, J. Darby, for the author, 1675. no. 38]. 
 
 1678? A chart of the West Indies from Cape Cod to the river Oronoque. By J. Seller. 
 16x20*. [London, 1678?] 
 [American maps. v. 4, no. 10] . 
 
 1679. The chief islands of y« Antille' and Lucayes. 3x2. 
 
 [J?! Seller (John). Atlas minimus, 32°. [London, J. Seller, 1679]. no. 48]. 
 
 1680. A chart of the island Cuba. The gulf of Florida, with the Bahama islands, 
 
 and ye Windward passage. {anon.J 17x21. [London, ca. 1680]. 
 [American maps. v. 4, no. 35] . 
 Note.— Attributed to John Thornton. 
 
 1680. Pascaerte van de ej^landen Cuba en Jamaica en de andere eylanden daer ontrent 
 gelegen. Beschreven door Arent Roggeveen. Duytsche mylen 15 in een 
 graadt. 16^x20. 
 
 [In Roggeveen (Arend). La primera parte del Monte de Turba ariente allum- 
 brando con la claridad de su fuego todas las costas firmes, y yslas de toda la India- 
 Occidental, fol. Amsterdam, P. Goos, 1680. no. 24]. 
 
 1680. Paskaert vande noord oust van Cuba, strekende van bahia de Mantancas tot 
 Bahia Hondia. Beschreven door Arent Roggeveen. Duytsche mylen 15 
 in een graed. 16x20. 
 
 [In Roggeveen (Arend). La primera parte del Monte de Turba ardiente allum- 
 brando eon la claridad de su fuego todas las costas firmes, y yslas de toda la India- 
 Occidental, fol. Amsterdam, P. Goos, 1680. no. 2.5]. 
 
 1680. Roggeveen (Arend). La primera parte del Monte de Turba ardiente allum- 
 brando con la claridad de su fuego todas las costas firmes, y yslas de toda 
 la India-Occidental ... 2 p. 1., 68 pp., 33 maps. fol. Amsterdam, 
 P. Goos, 1680. 
 
 1683. Les isles Antilles, &c entre lesquelles sont les Lucayes, et les Caribes. Par 
 
 N. Sanson d'Abbe^■ille geogr: ord'''^ du roy. AD. Winter sculp. 8Jxl2. 
 [In Sanson (Nicolas, d' Abbeville). Geographische en historische beschryvingh der 
 vier bekende werelds-deelen Europa, Asia, Africa en America. 4°. Utrecht, 
 Johannes Ribbins, 1683. bet. pp. 616-617] . 
 
 Same. 
 
 [In Luyts (Jan). Joannis Luyts, philosophise professoris, introductio ad geographiam 
 novam et veterem. 8°. Trajecti ad Rhenum, ex officina Francisci Halma, 1692. 
 bet. pp. 716-717] . 
 
 1683. Pascaerte van West Indien begrijpende in zich de vaste kusten en eylanden, 
 alles op sj'n ware lengte en breete op wassende graden gelegt. 20x22|. 
 t' Amsterdam by lacobus Robijn. 
 • [J?j Robijn (Jacobus). Zee, zea-atlas-aquatique, del mar. fol. Amsterdam, J. Robijn, 
 
 1683. no. 36] . 
 
 1690? Insulse Americange in oceano Septentrional! ac regiones adiacentes, a C. de 
 
 May usque ad lineam jequinoctialem. Per Nicolaum Visscher. 18ix22|^. 
 
 [In Visscher (Nikolaas). Atlas minor sive geographia compendiosa. fol. Amste- 
 
 Isedami, N. Visscher [1690?] colored ed. no. 125] . 
 Note.— Also in the uncolored edition of Visscher, no. 109 
 
 Same. 
 
 [In Wit (Frederick de). Atlas maior. fol. Amsterdam, F. de Wit, [1700-1706]. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. ' 453 
 
 1695. [Piano manuscrito de la ciudad y puerto de la Habana, sin fecha ni nombre de 
 autor. Puesto que representa la muralla de fortificacion como concluida, 
 debe ser el mapa posterior al ano de 1695]. 13x8i. 
 
 [In Sagra (Ramon de la). Historla fisica, politica y natural de la isla de Cuba. fol. 
 Paris, A. Bertrand, 1842. v. 2, pi. 8] . 
 
 1695-97. Isola Cuba . . . 8Jxll|. 
 
 [In Coronelli (Vincenzo). Atlante Veneto. fol. Venetia, 1695-97. v. 2, pt. 2, pp. 
 164-165] . 
 
 1695-97. Isole Antili, la Cuba, e la Spagnuola . . . 10x17. 
 
 [In Coronelli (Vincenzo). Atlante Veneto. fol. Venetia, 1695-97. v. 2, pt. 2, bet. 
 pp. 160-161] . 
 
 1698. Pas kaart van de noord oost kust van Cuba en d'oost kust van Florida vervaa- 
 
 tende de canal van Bahama met de Bahaamse eylanden, door v ooght, geo- 
 metra. 20^x23. Amsterdam, J. van Keulen, [1698]. 
 
 [In Voogt (Claes Jansz). La nueva, y grande relumbrante antorcha de la mar. fol. 
 Amsterdam, J. van Keulen, [1700?] no. 86]. 
 
 Note.— Title-page for the part of the atlas containing this map is dated 1698. 
 
 1698. Pas kaart van de zuyd kust van Cuba en van geheel Yamaica en and're 
 
 "" bygeleegen plaatsen, door Vooght, geometra. 20^x23. Amsterdam, J. 
 van Keulen, [1698]. 
 
 [In Voogt (Claes Jansz). La nueva, y grande relumbrante antorcha de la mar. fol. 
 
 Amsterdam, J. van Ketil en, [1700?] no. 82]. 
 Note. — Title-page for the part of the atlas containing this map is dated 1698. 
 Insets: "Baya Oristan in Yamaica," and "Baya Yamaica." 
 
 1698. Pas kaart van West Indien behelsende soo deszelffs vaste kusten als d'onder 
 behoorende eylanden aan de Noord oceaan door I. C. Vooght, geometra. 
 20^x23. Amsterdam, J. van Keulen, [1698]. 
 
 [In Voogt (Claes Jansz). La nueva, y grande relumbrante antorcha de la mar. fol. 
 
 Amsterdam, J. van Keulen, [1700]. no. 71]. 
 Note. — Title-page for the first part of the atlas containing this map is dated 1698. 
 V. 2, no. 73] . 
 
 1700. Le golfe de Mexique, et les isles voisines, dresse sur les relations les plus nou- 
 velles. — Archipelague du Mexique, ou sont des isles de Cuba, Espagnola, 
 Jamaica, &c. dresse sur les relations les plus nouvelles. 23|x33J. 
 Amstedam, chez Pierre IVIortier. 
 
 [In Neptune (Le) Franpois. De Fransche Neptunus. fol. Amsterdam, P. Mortier, 
 1693-1700. V. 3, no. 23]. 
 
 1702. Havana een vermaerde haven in 't Noorder Amerika, op't eilant Kuba. Pet. 
 Schenk. Amsteld. c. p. 7|xlO. 
 
 [In Schenk (Pieter). Petri Schenkii heeatompolis. obi. 4°. [Amsteleedami] , P. 
 Schenkii,1702. no. 95]. 
 
 1702. Les isles de I'Amerique connue?. sous le nom d' Antilles ou sont les isles de 
 Cuba, St. Dominque et Jamaique les Lucayes, les Caribes, et celles du 
 Vent. Par JST. de Fer. H. van Loon sculp. 8|xl3. Paris, chez I'auteur, 
 1702. 
 
 [In Fer (Nicolas de). L'atlas curieux. obi. 4°. Paris, [N.] de Fer, 1700-[1704]. 
 no. 148] . 
 
 1705. De Antillische eilanden, waar onder zyn de Lucaysche en Caribesche. Door 
 N. Sanson d' Abbeville, geogr: ord'^'^ du roy. 84x12. 
 
 [In La Croix (A. Ph6rot6e de). Algemeene weereldbeschryving. 4°. Amsterdam, 
 F. Halma, 1705. v. 3]. 
 
 1705-20. Carte des Antilles fran^oises et des isles voisines. 19xl2J. 
 
 [In Chatelain (H. A.). Atlas historique. [anon.] fol. Amsterdam, 1705-20. v. 6, 
 p. 154] . 
 
 1709? Insvlarvm Hispaniolee et Cubae cum insulis circum jacentibus accurata delin- 
 eatio. 16x20f. Amstelodami apud Pet: Schenk, et Ger: Valk, [1709?] 
 
454 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 171-. A chart of ye West Indies or the islands of North America in the North sea, 
 . . . Being ye present seat of war. By Herman Moll. 11x13. [London], 
 for T. Bowles and J. Bowles, [171-]. 
 
 1712? Pas kaart vande noord oost kust van Cuba en d'oost kust van Florida ver- 
 waatende de canal van Bahama met de Bahaamse eylanden door Voogt. 
 20x23. Amsterdam, J. van Keulen, [1712?] 
 
 1712? Pas kaart vande zuyd kust van Cuba en van geheel Yamaica en andre byge- 
 leegen plaatsen door Vooght geometra. Duytsche mylen 15 in een graadt. 
 Spaansche mylen 17^ in een graadt. Eng. en Fran: mylen 20 in een 
 graadt. 20^x23. Amsterdam, J. van Keulen, [1712?] 
 
 1715. A map of the West Indies or the islands of America in the North sea, with ye 
 adjacent countries; explaining what belongs to Spain, England, France, 
 Holland, &c. also ye trade winds, and ye several tracts made by ye 
 galeons and fiota from place to place. By Herman Moll. 33x40. [Lon- 
 don], for T. Bowles & J. Bowles, [1715?] 
 [American maps. v. 1, no. 13] . 
 
 1715-20. Moll (Herman). A map of the West Indies, or the islands of America in 
 the North Sea; with ye adjacent countries; explaining which belongs to 
 Spain, [etc.] 24x38. 
 
 [Z?i Ms The world described, fol. London, 1715-20. no. 10]. 
 
 1721. A new map of the English empire in the ocean of America, or West Indies. 
 
 Revis'd by I. Senex. 20x23. 
 
 [Jm New general atlas, [anon.] fol. London, for D. Browne, 1721. facing p. 186] . 
 
 1722. Baye et ville de la Havana ou de S. Christoval. 8x13. 
 
 [J?i Coreal (Francois). Voyages. 16°. Amsterdam, 1722. v. 1, facing p. 8] . 
 
 1728? Les Antilles dans I'Am^rique vis-a-vis de la terre-ferme de la Floride, du 
 Mexique, Nouvelle Espagne, Cartagene, Iticatan et Darien, avec les fron- 
 tieres pres de la mer de Sud, suivant les relations de Christ. Colombe et 
 d'autres voyageurs plus nouveaux . . . par Pierre vander Aa. Milliaria 
 Germanica communia 15 in uno gradu. 8^x13^. 
 
 [In Aa (Pierre vander). Atlas nouveau et curieux des plus c616bres itin6raires. obi. 
 fol. Leide, P. Van Der Aa, [1728?] no. 93] . 
 
 1728? lies de Cuba et de la Jamaique, ainsi qu'elles ont ete premierement d^couvertes 
 par Christ. Colombe, ensuite peuplees par les Castillans, et rectifiees sur 
 les observations exactes de ceux qui y ont ete depuis, de nouveau mises 
 au jour par Pierre vander Aa. Milliaria Germanica communia 15 in uno 
 gradu. 85x135. 
 
 [JwAa (Pierre vander). Atlas nouveau et curieux des plus c61ebres itin6raires. obi. 
 fol. Leide, P. van der Aa, [1728?] no. 137] . 
 
 1728? Terre-ferme de Darien, au midi des iles Cuba et Hispaniola, dress6e suivant 
 les relations de Pedrarias Davila et de plusieurs autres, & present publiee 
 par Pierre vander Aa. • Milliaria Germanica communia 15 in uno gradu. 
 Sixlli. 
 
 [In Aa (Pierre vander). Atlas nouveau et curieux des plus c61ebres itin^raires. obi. 
 fol. Leide, P. Van Der Aa, [1728?] no. 120] . 
 
 1729? Baye et ville de Havana, ou S. Christoval. 8Jxll^. 
 
 [In Galerie (La) agriJable du monde. fol. Leide, P. Vander Aa, [1729?] v. 4. 
 Am^rique. pi. 73b]. 
 
 1729? Cuba en lamaica, soo als die door Kolumbus ontdekt, en by de Kastilianen 
 bevolkt syn. — lies de Cuba et de la Jamaique, ainsi qu'elles ont 6te pre- 
 midrement d^couvertes par Christ. Colombe, ensuite peupl6es par les 
 Castillans, et rectifiees sur les observations exactes de ceux qui y ont 6te 
 depuis, de nouveau mises au jour par Pierre vander Aa, a Leide. 6x8^. 
 [In Galerie (La) agr^able du monde. fol. Leide, P. Vander Aa, [1729?] v. 4. 
 Am6rique. pi. 73al. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 455 
 
 1729? Havana, ville capitale de I'isle de Cuba en Amerique. [View]. Il|xl4. 
 
 [In Galerie (La) agr^able du monde. fol. Leide, P. Vander Aa, [1729?] v. 4. 
 Amerique, pi. 74]. 
 
 1729? lies de I'Amerique, situees dans I'ocean septentrional, avec toutes leurs cotes, 
 bayes, et ports, suivant les relations de ceux qui les ont decouvertes et 
 peuplees, mises au jour par Pierre Vander Aa. 11x14. 
 
 [In Galerie (La) agr^able du monde. fol. Leide, P. Vander Aa, [1729?] v. 4. 
 Amerique, pi. 73]. 
 
 1729. A new and correct draught of the bay of Matanzas on ye north side of ye island 
 
 Cuba, done from a survey in the year 1729, by Robt. Pearson. 9x12. 
 [In English (The) pilot. The fourth book. Describing the West-India navigation, 
 fol. London, printed for W. Mount and T. Page, 1737, no. 20]. 
 
 1730. Piano del puerto bayia y ciuidad de la Havana, situada por los 23° .10^ de lat. 
 
 sept: y 292° :20^ de long, su i° merid", en Teneriffe. Nuevamente emmen- 
 dado por D. D. D. B. Ano de 1730. Escala de 3000 pies del Rhin. 
 Escala de mil varas Castellanas. ms. 16x222. . 
 
 Note. — Partly colored. 
 
 Explanatory notes and index to places. 
 
 Shows the town, vicinity, and location of buildings and defences. 
 
 1731. Carte des isles de I'Amerique et de plusieurs pays de terre ferme situes au 
 
 devant de ces isles & autour du golfe de Mexique. Par le sr. d' An ville. 
 1731. 12x17. 
 
 [Jn his Atlas g6n6ral. fol. Paris, 1727-80. no. 36]. 
 
 1733. Carte des Antilles fran^oises et des Isles voisines, dress^e sur les memoires 
 
 manuscrits de mr. Petit, et sur quelques observations. Par Guillaume 
 De risle. 17^x23. Amsterdam, J. Covens & C. Mortier, [1733]. 
 
 [in. his Atlas nouveau. fol. Amsterdam, J. Covens & C. Mortier, [1741?] v. 2, no. 42]. 
 
 Note.— Also in the edition of 1733. 
 
 1734. ITieuwe groote en seer curieuse pascaart van geheel-Westindien, vertoonende 
 
 alle desselfs eylanden, bay en, en rivieren mitsgaders alle droogtens en 
 dieptens, nieuwelyks en seer naaukeurig bij een gestelt uyt veele veerna- 
 men goode afpylingen en opservatien, door Ian Sikkena. 23x38f. 
 Amsterdam, G. van Keulen, [1734]. * 
 
 [In Keulen (Johannes van). [De groote nieuwe zee atlas] . fol. Amsterdam, 1734. 
 no. 26] . 
 
 1736? A map of the West Indies, etc. Mexico or New Spain ... By H. Moll,« 
 geographer. English leagues, 20 to one degree. 71x10$. 
 
 [In Moll (Herman). Atlas minor, obi. 8°. London, printed for T. Bowles & J. Bowles 
 [1736?] no. 56] . 
 
 1737. A new and correct chart of the trading part of the West Indies. Sold by 
 W. IMount & T. Page on Tower Hill London. 18ix31f . 
 
 [In English (The) pilot. The fourth book. Describing the West-India navigation, 
 fol. London, printed for W. Mount and T. Page, 1737. no. 24] .^ 
 
 1737. A new general chart for the West Indies of E. Wrights projection vut IMerca- 
 tors chart. 18x22^. 
 
 [In English (The) pilot. The fourth book. Describing the West-India navigation, 
 fol. London, printed for V^^. Mount and T. Page, 1737. no. 3]. 
 
 1739. Indiarum occidentalium, tractus littorales cum insulis Caribicis. t' Amsterdam, 
 
 L. Renard. 19x22. 
 
 [In Renard (Louis). Atlas de la navigation, et du commerce qui se fait dans toutes 
 les parties du monde. fol. Amsterdam, R. & J. Ottens, 1739. no. 27] . 
 
 1740. Nova tabula exhibens insulas Cubam et Hispaniolam vulgo S. Domingo dictam 
 
 insulas Lucaias seu Bahamanas ac peninsulam Floridse ex novissimis 
 observationibus Hispanorum Anglorum Gallorum, atque Hollandorum in 
 lucem edita. a R. et I. Ottens. 17fx21i. Amstelodami, [1740?] 
 
 Note.— Insets: A draught of St. Augustin and its harbour.— La Havane . . . —Plan de 
 la -yllle Espagnole de S. Domingue . . . dorn6 par le s. B . . . C 20 May, 1712. 
 
456 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1740. A new and correct chart or map of the West Indies, &c. 12x15^. 
 
 [In Carranza (Domingo Gonzales). A geographical description of the coasts, har- 
 'bours, and seaports of the Spanish West Indies. 8°. London, for the editor, C. 
 Smith, 1740. front.] 
 
 1740. Plan of Guantanimo on the south side of Cuba called by the Eng;lish Waltenham 
 bay and Cumberland harbour. Surveyed by admiral Durell, in 1740. 
 10x7. London, for R. Sayer, 1788. 
 
 [In Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R. Sayer, 1794. 
 no. 40] . 
 
 Same. London, J. Whittle & R. H. Laurie, 1816. 
 
 [In Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, J. Whittle & R. H. 
 Laurie, 1818. no. 52] . 
 
 1740. A plan of the harbour and city of Havana. P. Harrison delin. 7^x7^. 
 
 [In Carranza (Domingo Gonzales). A geographical description of the coasts, har- 
 bours, and seaports of the Spanish West Indies. 8°. London, for C. Smith, 1740. 
 p. 93]. 
 
 1741. A plan of the entrance and fortifications of the harbour Saint lago on the south 
 
 side of Cuba. By cap' Phi DuMl. 1741. A scale of 1000 feet. ms. 
 14x20 J. 
 
 Note. — Colored. 
 
 Contains notes and index to places. 
 
 1741. A plan of George Stadt Camp near the river Guantamano in the island of Cuba 
 
 and also of the intrenchments made on the adjacent hills. Represented 
 more at large with their profils. ms. 1741. 21x28^. 
 
 Note.— Dedication: To his grace, lohn, Duke .of Montagu this plan is most humbly 
 dedicated by his grace" most humble and dutifull servant: lohn Thomas. 
 
 1742? Plan of the city & harbour of the Havanah together with the adjacent forts & 
 batteries, ms. [anon.]. 8x14. [n. p., 1742?]. 
 
 1742. A plan of port Escondido on the south side of Cuba, three leag^ to the e'ward 
 
 of Cumberland harb"" Survey'd by cap* Phi: Durell. 1742. A scale of one 
 mile. ms. 10^x14^. 
 
 Note. — Colored. 
 
 Gives sailing directions and soundings. 
 ' Inset viev? of the town. l^xlOJ. 
 
 1743-44. A plan of the harbour, forts and city of Havana, on the north side of the 
 
 island of Cuba. W. H. Toms, sculp. 11x145. ' Holbourn, W. H. Toms, 
 
 1743-44. 
 1743-44. A plan of the entrance & fortifications of the harbour S' Jago, on the south 
 
 side of Cuba. By Cap' Phil. Durell. Anno 1741. W. H. Toms sculp. 
 
 col. 14x20J. Holbourn, W. H. Toms, 1743/4. 
 
 Same. 
 
 [American maps. v. 2, no. 16] . 
 
 1744. Algemeene kaart van de Westindische eilanden. 13jxl7i. te Amsterdam, 
 I. Tirion. 
 
 [In Tirion (Isaak). Nieuwe en beknopte hand-atlas, fol. te Amsterdam, 1744. 
 no. 110] . 
 
 1747. An accurate map of the West Indies. Drawn from the best authorities, assisted 
 by the most approved modern maps and charts, and regulated by astro- 
 nomical observations, by Eman. Bowen. 13^x165. 
 
 [In Complete (A) system of geography, [anon.] fol. London, for W. Innys [etc.] 
 1747. V. 2, no. 68] . 
 
 Same. 
 
 [In Bowen (Emanuel). A complete atlas, or distinct view of the known world, fol. 
 London, for W. Innys [etc.] 1752. no. 55]. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 457 
 
 1747. A new & accurate map of the island of Cuba ... By Eman. Bo wen. 
 
 A new & accurate map of the islands of Hispaniola or St. Domingo and 
 Porto Rico ... By Eman. Bowen. 13Jxl6J. 
 
 [In Complete (A) system of geography, [anon.] fol. London, for W. Innys, 1747. 
 V. 2, no. 80] . 
 
 Same. 
 
 [In Bowen (Emanuel) . A complete atlas or distinct view of the known world, fol. 
 London, for W. Innys [etc.] 1752. no. 63] . 
 
 1747. Particular draughts and plans of some of the principal towns and harbours 
 belonging to the English, French, and Spaniards, in America and West 
 Indies. By Eman. Bowen. 14x17. 
 
 [J« Complete (A) system of geography, [anon.] fol. London, for W. Innys, [etc.] , 
 1747. V. 2, no. 105]. 
 
 1747-1757. Regni, Mexicani sen novae Hispanise, Ludovicianse, N. Anglise, Caro- 
 linse, Virginiee, et Pensylvanise, nee non insvlarvm, archipelagi Mexi- 
 cani in America Septentrionali, accurata tabula exhibita a Joh. Baptista 
 Homanno, Noribergee. 18|x22J. 
 
 [/« Homann /leirs. Homanischer atlas, fol. Niirnberg, in verlag der Homannischen 
 erben, 1747-[1757]. no. 94]. 
 
 1749. Carte reduite du golphe du Mexique et des isles de I'Amerique pour servir aux 
 
 vaisseaux du roy. Dressee ou d^post des cartes et plans de la marine par 
 ordre de m. le comte de Maurepas, annee 1749. 21jby325. Paris, chez 
 Beliin, 1749. 
 
 [J« Bellin (Jacques Nicolas, 1703-1772). Atlas maritime, fol. [Paris], 1751. [no. 
 12]. 
 
 1750. Partie de la Mer du Nord, ou se trouvent les grandes et petites isles Antilles, 
 
 les Isles Lucayes. Par le s'' Robert geographe ordinaire du roy. Avec 
 privilege. 1750. Echelles. Mille pas geometriques. Lieves marines de 
 I 20 au degre. 19x23. 
 
 [Bi Robert de Vaugondy (Gilles, 1688-1766) and Robert de Vaugondy (Didier, 1723- 
 1786). Atlas TJniversel. fol. Paris, chez les auteurs, [&] Boudet, 1757-[1758J. no. 
 102]. 
 
 1752. The Havana. 2^x21. 
 
 [In Bowen (Emanuel). A complete atlas, or distinct view of the known world, fol. 
 London, for W. Innys, [etc.] , 1752. no. 66] . 
 
 1754. Carte du golphe du Mexique et des Isles de I'Amerique. Par m. Beliin ing'r 
 
 de la marine 1754. 10|xl4|. 
 
 [In La Harpe (Jean Francois de). Abr6g6 de I'histoire g6n6rale des voyages. 8°. 
 Paris, hotel de Thou, 1780. v. 10, p. 1] . 
 
 1755. A new and accurate map of the West Indies and the adjacent parts of North 
 
 and South American. R. W. Seale, sculp. lOJxlS. 
 
 [In Universal (The) magazine. 8°. London, J. Hinton, 1755. v. 17, p. 241]. 
 
 1756? Insulae Americanse nempe: Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, P.*" Rico, Lucania, 
 Antillae vulgo Caribee, Barlo- et sotto-Vento, etc. 181x22^. Anstelodanum, 
 R. & J. Ottens, [1756?] 
 
 [In Ottens (Reinier) and Ottens (Josua). Atlas minor sive geographia compendiosa. 
 
 fol. Amsterdam, R. & J. Ottens, [1695-1756?] v. 1, no. 203]. 
 Note.— The margin contains title: "Stoel des oorlogs in America waar in vertoont 
 werden alle desself voornaamste eylande nieuwelycks uytgegeven door Reinier & 
 Josua Ottens," showing that this map was issued to illustrate the war between the 
 French and the British beginning in 1756. 
 
 Same. 
 
 Same. 
 
 [In Ottens (Reinier) and Ottens (Josua). Atlas minor sive geographia compendiosa. 
 fol. Amsterdam R. & J. Ottens, [1703-1753?] no. 49] . 
 
 [In Ottens (Reinier) and Ottens (Josua). Atlas sive geographia compendiosa. fol. 
 Amstelaedami, R. & J. Ottens, [1756?] no. 116]. 
 
458 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1756. The West Indies. T. Jefferys, sculp. 6x10. 
 
 [In Smollett (Tobias). A conipendium of authentic and entertaining voyages. 
 Lanon.] 16°. London, for R. & J. Dodsley [etc.] , 1756. v. 1, p. 14] . 
 
 1758? A new and correct chart of the harbour of Havana on the island of Cuba, with 
 
 a plan of ye city & from actual survey by capt. James Phelps. I. Mynde 
 
 sc. 17x21 J. London, W. Mount & T. Page, [1758?] 
 [American maps. v. 2, no. 5]. 
 1758. Description g^ographique des lies Antilles possedees par les anglois. Par le 
 
 sr. Bellin. 1758. xii, 171 pp., 13 maps. 4°. Paris, Didot, 1758. 
 1758. A new and correct chart of the trading part of the West Indies. English and 
 
 French leagues 20 in a degree. 18x31f . London, sold by W. Mount & 
 
 T. Page, [1758]. 
 
 [In English (The) pilot. The fourth book. Describing the West India navigation 
 from Hudson's-bay to the river Amazones. fol. London, printed for W. and J. 
 Mount, T. Page and son, 1758. bet. pp. 58-59] . 
 
 1758. A new and correct draught of the bay of Matanzas on ye north side of ye 
 
 island Cuba, done from a survey in the year 1729 by Robt. Pearson. 9x12. 
 
 [In English (The) pilot. The fourth book. Describing the West India navigation, 
 
 from Hudson's-bay to the river Amazones. fol. London, printed for W. and J. 
 
 Mount, T. Page and son, 1758. bet. pp. 42-43] . 
 
 1758. A new general chart for the West Indies of E. Wright's projection vut. Mer- 
 
 cators chart. 17|x22i. London, sold by W. and I. Mount and T. Page, 
 
 [1758]. 
 
 [In English (The) pilot. The fourth book, describing the West India navigation, 
 from Hudson's bay to the river Amazones. fol. London, printed for W. and J. 
 Mount, T. Page and son, 1758. bet. pp. 4-3] . 
 
 1758. A plan of Cape Antonia. 1758. ms. 8^x14}. 
 
 Note.— Partly colored. 
 
 1759. Dominia anglorum in prsecipius insulis Americse ut sunt insula C. Christo- 
 
 phori, Antegoa, lamaica, Barbados nee non insulfe Bermudes vel Som- 
 mers dictse, singulari mappa omnia exhibita et edita ab Homannianis 
 heredibus. — Die englische colonie-lsender auf den insuln von America. 
 [In Homann (J. B.) Atlas geographicus maior. fol. Norimbergee, Homannianis 
 heredibus, 1759. v. 1, no. 142] . 
 
 1759. Mappa geographica, complectens 1. Indite Occidentalis partem mediam circvm 
 Isthmvm Panamensem. 2. Ipsumq^ isthmum. 3. Ichnographiam prse- 
 cipuorum locorum & portuum ad has terras pertinentium. Desumta 
 omnia ex historia insulse. S. Dominici & pro praesenti statu belli, quod 
 est 1740 inter Anglos & Hispanos exortum, luci publicae traditaad Homan- 
 nianis heredibus. 19x22. 
 
 [I7i Homann (J. B.) Atlas geographicus maior. fol. Norimbergae, Homannianis 
 heredibus, 1759. v. 1, no. 144]. 
 
 1760? Bahia del Mariel in ysla de Cuba. [1760?] Escala de media milla. ms. 
 19x13. 
 
 Note. — 'Jives soundings. 
 
 1760? Havana— Vera Cruz. [1760?] ms. 12x8. 
 Note.— Two small sketches partly colored. 
 Gives soundings and fortifications. 
 
 1760? [A map of Cape Corientes. 1760?] ms. 8x13^ 
 Note. — Partly colored. Gives soundings. 
 
 1760? Piano de la bahia de Jagua. Una de las de la ysla de St. Yiago de Cuba asia 
 la parte del sur situada en 22 g" y 12™'' de latitud septentrional y en de 
 longitud al meridiano de Tenerife 12 legs, al oeste del rio y puerto dela 
 Trinidad es abundante de seze y de mucha madera para fabricas de navios 
 y basse mismo para arboladuras de embarcaziones mag^'' y menoes. Deli- 
 neado por Francisco Math** Cell. [1760?] Escala de 8 millas. ms. 19xl3J. 
 Note. — Gives soundings, fortifications and index to places. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 459 
 
 1760? Piano de la bahia de Jagua. Una de las de la ysla de S. Tiago de Cuba asia la 
 parte del sur situada en 22 g^ y 12 m^ de latitud septentrional y en g^ m^ 
 de longitud al merediano de Tenerife. 12 leg^ al oeste del rio y puerto 
 dela Trinidad es abundante de Pexe y de mucha madera para fabricas de 
 navios y hassi mismo para arboladuras de embarcaziones may*^^ y menoes. 
 [1760?] Escala d. 4 millas. ms. 19x13^. 
 
 Note. — Gives soundings, fortifications and index to places. 
 
 This map does not give the author, the same lettering or as many references as the 
 above. In other respects they are similar. 
 
 1760? Piano de la bahia de Matansas. Escala de seis millas. Delineado por Fran- 
 cisco Mathias Celi. [1760?] ms. 18|xl2. 
 
 Note. — Gives soundings, fortifications and index to places. 
 
 1760? Piano de la bahia de Matansas. Delineado por Fran"" Math^ Celi. [1760?] 
 Escala de seis millas. ms. 18|xl2. 
 
 Note. — Gives soundings, fortifications and index to places. 
 Same as above except the lettering. 
 
 1760? Piano de la gran bahia de Nipe in y'' de Cuba. [1760?] Delineado per Franeo. 
 Escala de quatro millas. ms. 19xl2J. 
 Note. — Gives soundings and index to places. 
 
 1760? A sketch of the harbour of S' lago de Cuba. [1760?] A scale of one mile, 
 ms. 22x28. 
 
 Note.— Partly colored. 
 Contains index to places, fortifications, soundings and " Some remarks in sailing into 
 this harbour." 
 
 1760. The West Indies: exhibiting the English, French, Spanish, Dutch, and Danish 
 settlements. 18x18. 
 
 [In Jeiierys (Thomas) . The natural and civil history of the French dominion in N. & 
 S.America, fol. London, 1760. pt. 2, facing p. 1] . 
 
 1762. An accurate map of Cuba, and the adjacent islands. Engraved by A. B. [A. 
 Bell]. — A plan of the city and harbour of Havana, capital of the island 
 of Cuba. 7x16. 
 
 [In Scots (The) magazine. 1762. 8°. Edinburgh, W. Sands, [etc.] . 1762. v. 24, p. 
 476]. 
 
 1762. An accurate map of the British, French, & Spanish settlements in Nth. Amer- 
 ica and the West Indies, as stipulated by the preliminary articles of peace 
 signed at Fontainebleau, by the ministers of Great Britain, France, & 
 Spain, ]^ov. 3, 1762. J. Gibson, sculp, [anon.] 13x11. [n. p. 1762?] 
 
 1762. An accurate map of the West Indies. Engraved by A. Bell. 7x9J. 
 
 [In Scots (The) magazine. 1762. 8°. Edinburgh, W. Sands, [etc.], 1762. v. 2, p. 
 B57]. 
 
 1762. An accurate map of the West Indies with the adjacent coast. J. Gibson, sculp. 
 7x11. 
 
 [In Gentleman's (The) magazine, 1762. 8°. London, for D. Henry, 1762. v. 32, p. 
 50] . 
 
 1762. Carte hydrographique de la baye de la Havane avec le plan de la ville et de 
 ses forts pour joindre a la carte de Ftsle de Cube. Dressee au depost des 
 cartes et plans de la marine, pour le service des vaisseaux du roy, par 
 ordre de m. le due de Choiseul, . . . 1762. Par le s. Bellin, ingenieur de 
 la marine. 16|x22^. 
 
 [In Bellin (Jacques Nicolas) and others. Hydrographie franfoise. fol. Paris, d6p6t 
 
 de la marine, 1737-1792. v. 2, no. 69] . 
 Note.— Insets: Le fort du Maure . . .— Le fort de la Pointe.— Le vieux Chateau. 
 
 1762. Carte hydrographique de la baye de la Havane, avec le plan de la ville et de 
 ses forts pour joindre a la carte de I'isle de Cuba. Dressee au d^pot des 
 cartes et plans de la marine pour le service des vaisseaux du roi. Par le 
 
460 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 s. Bellin, ingenieur de la marine. 1762. Julius Bien & co., photo, lith. 
 16x22. Habana, departamento municipal, 1900. 
 
 [In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
 governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8". Washington, government printing office, 
 1901. V. 2, pt. 3, at end] . 
 Note. — Insets: "Le fort du Maure ..." "Le fort de la Pointe ..." "Levieux 
 chateau ..." 
 
 1762. Carte reduite de I'isle de Cube. Dressee au d6p6t des cartes et plans de la 
 marine pour le service des vaisseaux du roy. Pa,r ordre de m. le due de 
 Choiseul . . . Par le s. Bellin . . . Lieues marines de France etd'Angle- 
 terre de vingt au deg. Lieues communes de France de vingt cinq au degr6. 
 1762. 22*x34|. 
 
 [J9i Bellin (Jacques Nicolas) and oi/iO'S. Hydrographie f ranf oise. fol. [Paris] , d6p6t 
 de la marine, 1737-92. v. 2, n. 68] . 
 
 1762. An exact plan of the city, fortifications & harbour of Havana in the island of 
 Cuba: from an original drawing taken on the spot, [anon.] 11^x14. 
 [London], J. Hinton, [1762]. 
 
 [7n Universal (The) magazine. 8°. London, J. Hinton, 1762. v. 30, facing p. 225]. 
 Note. — Inset: Island of Cuba. 
 
 1762. The form of landing our troops on the island of Cuba for the besieging of the 
 Havana, 1762. 9|x7i. 
 
 [In London (The) magazine. 1763. 8°. London, for R. Baldwin, 1763. v. 32, p. 237] . 
 
 1762. A map of the isle of Cuba with the Bahama islands, gulf of Florida, and Wind- 
 ward Passage: Drawn from English and Spanish surveys. Engraved by 
 Thomas Jefferys. British miles 69^ to a degree. 135x19. 
 
 [Jw Jefferys (Thomas). A description of the Spanish islands and settlements on the 
 coast of the West Indies. 4°. London, for T. Jefferys, 1762. p. 72], 
 
 1762. Plan de bahia Xagua on the south side of Cuba. T. Jefferys, sculp. 72x11. 
 
 [In Jefferys (Thomas). A description of the Spanish islands and settlements on the 
 coast of the West Indies. 4°. London, for T. Jefferys, 1762. p. 87. pi. 24] . 
 
 1762. A new and correct map of the American islands, now called the West Indies, 
 with the whole coast of the neighbouring continent. By Thos. Kitchin. 
 11x14. 
 
 [In London (The) magazine. 8°. London, for R. Baldwin, [1762]. v. 31, bet. pp. 
 464-465]. 
 
 1762. A new and correct map of the West Indies. J. Gibson, sculp, [anon.] 
 11x13^. 
 
 [Jm American (The) gazetteer, [anon.] 12°. Loudon, for A. Millar, 1762. v. 3]. 
 
 1762. A new chart of the seas, surrounding the island of Cuba, with the soundings, 
 currents, ships' courses, etc. and a map of the island itself, lately made by 
 an officer in the navy, [anon.] 10^x14. [London], for the London 
 magazine, 1762. 
 1762. A new chart of the West Indies, drawn from the best Spanish maps, and 
 regulated by astronomical observations. 61x11. 
 
 [/« Jefferys (Thomas). A description of the Spanish islands and settlements on the 
 coast of the West Indies. 4°. London, for T. Jefferys, 1762. front.] 
 
 Same. 
 
 [In Jefferys (Thomas). A general topography of North America and the West 
 Indies, fol. London, for R. Sayer and T. Jeft'erys, 1768. no. 72] . 
 
 1762. A perspective view of entering the breach of the Moro Castle by storm, the 
 30th of July, 1762. I. Collyer sc. 3Jx6. 
 
 [In Hervey (Frederick) and others. The naval history of Great Britain. 8°. Lon- 
 don, W. Adlard for J. Bew, 1779. v. 5, p. 336]. 
 
 1762. Plan of bahia de Matanzas. 8x12^. 
 
 [In Jefferys (Thomas). A description of the Spanish islands and settlements on the 
 coast of the West Indies. 4°. London, for T. Jefferys, 1762. p. 84, pi. 19]. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 461 
 
 1762. Plan of Bahia Hondia. T. Jefferys, sculp. 7x10. 
 
 [JriJefferys (Thomas). A description of the Spanish islands and settlements of the 
 coast of the West Indies. 4°. London, for T. Jefferys, 1762. p. 89, pi. 26]. 
 
 1762. A plan of the siege of the Havana, drawn bj' an officer on the spot. 1762. 
 8Jxl4. 
 
 [Jn Authentic (An) journal of the siege of the Havana. By an officer, [anon.] 16°. 
 London, for T. Jefferys, 1762]. 
 
 1762. A plan of the siege of the Havana, drawn by an officer on the spot, 1762. 
 6ix9J. 
 
 [In Gentlemen's (The) magazine. 1762. 8°. London, for D. Henry, 1762. v. 32, 
 p. 458] . 
 
 1762. A plan of the siege of the Havana, drawn by an ofiicer on the spot, 1762. 
 7x11. 
 
 [In Mortimer (Thomas). A new and complete dictionary of trade and commerce, 
 fol. London, for the author, 1767. v. 2]. 
 
 1762. A plan of the siege of the Havana. Drawn by an officer. 15th Aug., 1762. — 
 Plan of the city and harbour of Havana. 7x7^. 
 
 [In Wright (J.) A compleat history of the late war. 8°. London, for D. Steel, 1765. 
 V. 2, p. 498]. 
 
 1762. Pl?n of Guantanimo, called by the English Cumberland harbour. T. Jefferys 
 sculp. 10i^x7f. 
 
 [In Jefferys (Thomas). A description of the Spanish islands and settlements on the 
 coast of the West Indies. 4°. London, for T. Jefferys, 1762. p. 85, pi. 22]. 
 
 1762. Plan of Puerto de Baracoa. T. Jefferys sculp. 6|xl0. 
 
 [In Jefferys (Thomas). A description of the Spanish islands and settlements on the 
 coast of the West Indies. 4°. London, for T. Jefferys, 1762. p. 84, pi. 21]. 
 
 1762. Plan of Puerto de Cavanas. T. Jefferys sculp. 9|x8. 
 
 [In Jefferys (Thomas). A description of the Spanish islands and settlements on the 
 coast of the West Indies. 4°. London, for T. Jefferys, 1762. p. 90, pi. 27] . 
 
 1762. Plan de Puerto de Mariel. T. Jefferys sculp. 10x8. 
 
 [In Jefferys (Thomas). A description of the Spanish islands and settlements on the 
 coast of the West Indies. 4°. London, for T. Jefferys, 1762. p. 90, pi. 28] . 
 
 1762. Plan of the city and harbour of Havanna. 7Jx4. 
 
 [I7i Gentleman's (The) magazine. 1762. 8°. London, for D. Henry, 1762. v. 32, p. 
 
 408]: 
 
 1762. Plan of the city and harbour of the Havana. T. Jefferys sculp. 8x10^. 
 
 [In Jefferys (Thomas). A description of the Spanish islands and settlements on the 
 coast of the West Indies. 4°. London, for T. Jefferys, 1762. p. 77, pi. 18]. 
 
 1762. Plan of the city and harbour of Havana, [anon.] 42x7^. 
 
 [In London (The) magazine. 8°. London, for K. Baldwin, 1762. v. 31, bet. pp. 280- 
 281] . 
 
 1762. A plan of the city and harbour of Havanna, capital of the island of Cuba. 7x4^. 
 [In London (The) magazine. 8°. London, for R. Baldwin, 1762. v. 31, bet. pp. 280- 
 281]. 
 
 1762. Plan of the Colorado rocks near the west end of Cuba. T. Jefferys sculp. 
 7Jxl0. 
 
 [In Jefferys (Thomas). A description of the Spanish islands and settlements on the 
 coast of the West Indies. 4°. London, for T. Jefferys, 1762. p. 88, pi. 25] . 
 
 1762. A plan of the straights of Bahama, through which the expedition fleet was 
 conducted in the year 1762, against the Havana. 4jx7f. 
 
 [In London (The) magazine. 1763. 8°. London, for R. Baldwin, 1763. v. 32, p. 40] . 
 
 1762. Vista del castillo del Morro, sitiado por los Ingleses en 1762. 4x7. 
 
 [/w Bachillery Morales (Antonio). Cuba: monografia hist6rica. 8°. Habana, M. de 
 Villa, 1883. bet. pp. 52-53] . 
 
 1763. Carta esatta rappresentante 1' isola di Cuba estratta dalle carte del sig. Poppler. 
 
 G. M.. Terreni sc. 10xl2J. 
 
 [In Gazzettiere (II) americano. 4°. Livorno, M. Coltellini, 1763. v. 1, p. 140]. 
 
462 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1763. A new & accurate map of the seat of the late war in the West Indies with a 
 plan of the city and harbour of Havannah, 1763. 7Jx9. 
 
 [In Entick (John). The general history of the late 'vvar. 2d. ed. 8°. London, for 
 E. & C. Dilly, 1766. v. 4, p. 142]. 
 
 1763. Nouva e corretta carta dell' Indie occidentali cavata dalle migliori autorita. 
 D. Veremondo Rossi Monaco Val". incise. 13x10. 
 
 [/?i Gazzettiere (II) americano. 4°. Livorno, M. Coltellini, 1763. v. 2, bet. pp. 2-3]. 
 
 1763. Piano della citta e porto dell' Havana. Viol. Vanni sc, Giusep. Pazzi 
 serisse. 10x8. 
 
 [Jw Gazzettiere (II) americano. 4°. Livorno, M. Coltellini, 1763. v. 2, bet. pp. 68-69] . 
 
 1763. Piano di Guantanimo chiamato dagl' Inglesi porto di Cumberland. Viol. 
 Vanni sc, Giusep. Pazzi serisse. 72x10, 
 
 [7ft Gazzettiere (II) americano. 4°. Livorno, M. Coltellini, 1763. v. 1, bet. pp. 14i)-147]. 
 
 1763. A plan of the late siege of the Havana and IMoor's castle & their environs. 
 4jx7i. 
 
 [In London (The) magazine, 1763. 8°. London, for R. Baldwin, 1763. v. 32, p. 116]. 
 
 1763. A view of the Moor's castle near the Havana, whilst besieged by us. [anon.] 
 4x6. [London, 1763]. 
 
 [In London (The) magazine. 8°. London, for R. Baldwin, [1763]. v. 82, April 1763, 
 facing pp. 184] . 
 
 1763. Vue de la prise des forts et ville de Havane par les Anglois en 1762. Vista 
 
 - prgspetiva de la siuda y fortificaciones de la Vana tumada pur lus Engles 
 en lano de 1762 donde las trupas Espanioles se sum defendidos cum granda 
 valur principalamente lus morns. lO^xlSf. Paris, Mondhare, [1763]. 
 
 1764. Baye de Matance dans I'isle de Cube. 85x6^. 
 
 [I7i Bellin (Jacques Nicolas). Le petit atlas maritime, fol. [Paris], 1764. v. 1, 
 no. 52] . 
 
 1764. Isle de Cuba. 8x12^. 
 
 [In Bellin (Jacques Nicolas). Le petit atlas maritime, fol. [Paris], 1764. v. 1, 
 no. 50] . 
 
 1764. Partie des Isles Antilles. 8^x6-1. 
 
 [In Bellin (Jacques Nicolas). Le petit atlas maritime, fol. [Paris], 1764. v. 1, 
 no. 80] . 
 
 1764. Port de la Havane dans I'isle de Cube. 8|x6-4-. 
 
 [In Bellin (Jacques Nicolas). Le petit atlas maritime, fol. [Paris], 1764. v. 1, 
 no. 51] . 
 
 1764. Le port Marianne dans I'isle de Cube. 8|x6|. 
 
 [In Bellin (Jacques Nicolas). Le petit atlas maritime, fol. [Paris], 1764. v. 1, 
 no. 53] . 
 
 1764. Suite des isles Antilles. .2. partie. 8|x6|. 
 
 [In Bellin (Jacques Nicolas). Le petit atlas maritime, fol. [Paris], 1764. v. 1, 
 no. 81] . 
 
 1764. A view of the entrance of the harbour of the Havana, taken from within the 
 
 wrecks. — Vue de I'entree du port de la Havane prise en dedans des b^ti- 
 ments echou^s. — Vista de la entrada del puerto de la Havana desde los 
 naufragios. Drawn by Elias Durnford. Engraved by Peter Canot. 
 12|x20J. London, T. Jefferys, 1764. 
 
 1765. A view of the city of the Havana, taken from the road near colonel Howe's 
 
 battery. — Vue de la Havane prise du chemin pres de la batterie du colonel 
 Howe. — Vista de la ciudad de la Havana desde el camino de la bateria 
 del colonel Howe. Drawn by Elias Durnford, etch'd by Paul Sandby, & 
 engraved by Edw? Rocker. 12^x20. London, T. Jefferys, 1765. 
 1765. A view of the harbour and city of the Havana, taken from lesu Del Monte. — 
 Vue du port et ville de La Havane prise de lesu del Monte. — Vista del 
 puerto, y ciudad de la Havana desde lesu del Monte. Drawn by Elias 
 Durnford. Engraved by T. Morris. 13x20^. London, T. Jefferys, 1765. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 463 
 
 1765. A view of the market place in the city of Havana. Vue de la place du march^ 
 
 dans la ville de la Havane. — Vista de la plaza del mercado en la ciudad de 
 la Havana. Drawn by Elias Dunford. Engraved by C. Canot and T. 
 Morris. 13x20. London, for John Bowles, [1765?} 
 
 1766. A new & accurate map of the island of Cuba, drawn from the most approved 
 
 maps & charts. 5|xl4j. 
 
 [In Charlevoix (P. F. X. de). A voyage to North- America: undertaken by command 
 of the present king of France. 12°. Dublin, J. Exshaw and J. Potts, 1766. v. 2, 
 bet. pp. 292-297] . 
 
 1766. A new & correct map of the West Indies. Drawn from the best authorities. 
 
 6fx9i. 
 
 [In Charlevoix (P. F. X. de). A voyage to North- America: undertaken by command 
 of the present king of France. 12°. Dublin, J. Exshaw and J. Potts, 1766. v. 2, 
 bet. pp. 328-329]. 
 
 1767. Algemeene kaart van de West-Indische eilander. 14x172- 
 
 [In Hedendaagsche hlstorie of tegenwoordige staat van Amerika. [anon.] 8°. te 
 Amsterdam, I. Tirion, 1767. v. 3, facing p. 1] . 
 
 1767. A chart of the iland of. Hispaniola, with the windward passage fro" Jamaica 
 betwene ye east end of Cuba & the west end of Hispaniola. 16x20. Dub- 
 lin, sold by G. Grierson, [1767]. 
 
 [In English (The) pilot. The fourth book. Describing the West India navigation, 
 from Hudson's bay to the river Amazones. fol. Dublin, printed by B. Grierson, 
 1767. bet. pp. 32-33] . 
 
 1767. A general chart of the West Indies according to mr. Edw. Wright's projection 
 commonly called Mercators chart. Js. Barlow ft. 17Jx21J. 
 
 [In English (The) pilot. The fourth book. Describing the Wert India navigation 
 from Hudson's bay to the river Amazones. fol. Dublin, printed by B. Grierson, 
 1767. bet. pp. 68-69] . 
 
 1767. A new & correct chart of Cuba, streights of Bahama, Windward passage, the 
 current through the gulf of Florida, with the soundings, &c. By an officer 
 in navy. 18^x25. [London], sold by Mount & Page, [1767]. 
 
 [In English (The) pilot. The fourth book. Describing the West India navigation, 
 from Hudson's bay to the river Amazones. fol. London, printed for J. Mount and 
 T. Page, 1767. bet. pp. 42-43] . 
 
 1767. A new and correct chart of the trading part of the West Indies. 18x21^-. Lon- 
 don, W. Mount & T. Page, [1767]. 
 
 [In English (The) pilot. The fourth book. Describing the West India navigation, 
 from Hudson's bay to the river Amazones. fol. London, printed for J. Mount and 
 T. Page, 1767. bet. pp. 58-69] . 
 
 1767. A new and correct draught of the bay of Matanzas on ye north side of ye island 
 Cuba, done from a survey by Kob' Pearson. 6x12. 
 
 [In English (The) pilot. The fourth book. Describing the West India navigation, 
 from Hudson's-bay to the river Amazones. fol. London, printed for J. Mount and 
 T. Page, 1767. bet. pp. 42-43] . 
 
 1767. A new generall chart for the West Indies of E. Wright's projection vut Merca- 
 tors chart. 17ix21^. Dublin, sold by G. Grierson, [1767]. 
 
 [In English (The) pilot. The fourth book. Describing the West India navigation, 
 from Hudson's bay to the river Amazones. fol. Dublin, printed by G. Grierson, 
 1767. at end] . 
 
 1767. A new generall chart for the West Indies of E. A¥Tight's projection vut. Merca- 
 tor's chart. 17|x22i London, W. and J. Mount and T. Page, [1767]. 
 [In English (The) pilot. The fourth book. Describing the West India navigation, 
 from Hudson's-bay to the river Amazones. fol. London, printed for J. Mount and 
 T. Page, 1767. bet. pp. 4-5] . 
 
 1767. A plan of the harbour & town of Havana, taken on the spot, by an officer in 
 his majesty's navy. 7x52 . 
 
 [In English (The) pilot. The fourth book. Describing the West India navigation, 
 from Hudson's-bay to the river Amazones. fol. London, printed for J. Mount and 
 T. Page, 1767. bet. pp. 42-43] . 
 
464 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1768. Chart of the Atlantic ocean, with the British, French, & Spanish settlements 
 in North America, and the West Indies; as also on the coast of Africa. 
 By Thos. Jefferys. 18^x24. 
 
 [In Jefferys (Thomas). A general topography of North America and the West Indies, 
 fol. London, for R. Sayer & T. Jefferys, 1768. no. 13] . 
 
 1768. Jefferys (Thomas, d. 1771). A general topography of North America and the 
 West Indies. Being a collection of all the maps, charts, plans, and par- 
 ticular surveys, that have been published of that part of the world, either 
 in Europe or America. Engraved by Tho. Jefferys, geographer to his 
 majesty. 2 p. 1., 4 pp., 10 maps on 109 sheets, fol. London, for R. 
 Sayer & T. Jefferys, 1768. 
 
 Note.— Title and contents also in French. 
 
 No. 102 — "Plan of the French attacks upon the island of Grenada . . . 1779," and no. 
 109 — "Attack of the rebels upon Fort Penobscot in the province of New England 
 . . . 1779," are inserted. 
 
 1768. A map of the isle of Cuba, with the Bahama islands, gulf of Florida, and Wind- 
 ward passage. Drawn from English and Spanish surveys. Engraved by 
 Thomas Jefferys. Scale. Leagues 20 to a degree. British miles 69J to a 
 degree. 13*xl9i. 
 
 [In Jefferys (Thomas). A general topography of North America and the West Indies, 
 fol. London, for R. Sayer & T. Jefferys, 1768. no. 79]. 
 
 1768. Plan of the city and harbour of the Havana. T. Jefferys, sculp. 8x10^. — 
 Plan of bahia de Matanzas. 8-4-XI22-. 
 
 [J71 Jefferys (Thomas). A general topography of North America and the West Indies 
 fol. London, for R. Sayer and T. Jefferys, 1768. no. 80]. 
 
 1768. The West Indies; exhibiting the English, French, Spanish, Dutch, and Danish 
 
 settlements. Collected from the best authorities by Thomas Jefferj^s. 
 18ixl7|. 
 
 [In Jefferys (Thomas). A general topography of North America and the West Indies, 
 fol. London, for R. Sayer & T. Jefferys, 1768. nos. 70]. 
 
 1769. Algemeene kaart van de West-indische eilanden. 14x172-. te Amsterdam, 
 
 I. Tirion, [1769]. 
 
 [In Hedendaagsche historic of tegenwoordige staat van Amerika. [anon.] 8°. te 
 Amsterdam, I. Tirion, 1769. v. 3, p. 1]. 
 
 1771. Plan of the bay of Matanzas, lying on the north side of Cuba in the latt'de 23° 
 10^^ north. Scale of one mile of 60 to a degree. J. Gibson, sculp. 81x14^. 
 [In Speer (Capt. Joseph Smith). The West-India pilot, fol. London, for the author, 
 1771. no. 26]. 
 
 1771. Plan of the harbour and city of Havanah, on the north side of the island of 
 Cuba. 23° 5^ n. latt?, long? west from London, 82° 57^ I. Bayly, sculp. 
 9x14. 
 
 [7n Speer (Copt Joseph Smith). The West India pilot, fol. London, for the author, 
 
 1771. no. 20]. 
 
 1771. Speer ( Cap<. Joseph Smith). The West-India pilot: containing piloting direc- 
 
 tions for Port Royal and Kingston harbours in Jamaica, in and out 
 through the Kays, etc. ... A number of maps and plans engraved by 
 the best artists, describing the ports and bays above-mentioned: with the 
 true soundings, laid down with the utmost exactness. 4 p. 1., 68 pp., 26 
 maps. fol. London, for the author, 1771. 
 
 1772. Attack of the Havana. Engrav'd by J. Lodge. 28^x15. 
 
 [In Mante (Thomas). The history of the late war in North America. 4°. London, 
 
 1772. p. 397]. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 465 
 
 1774. Carte reduite du golfe du Mexique et des isles de TAm^rique. Dressee au 
 d^post des cartes, et plans de la marine pour le service des vaisseaux du 
 roy. Par ordre de m. le due de Praslin ministre de la marine. Seconde 
 Edition annee 1774. Par le s. Bellin. 21x31 J. 
 
 [In Atlas maritime, fol. Genes, Yves Gravier, 1801. no. 27]. 
 
 Same. 
 
 [In Bellin (Jacques Nicolas) and others'. Hydrographie franpoise. fol. [Paris], 
 d6p6t de la marine, 1737-1792. v. 2, no. 67] . 
 
 1774. A compleat map of the West Indies, containing the coasts of Florida, Louisi- 
 ana, New Spain, and Terra Firma, with all the islands. By Samuel Dunn. 
 Sea leagues 20 in a degree. English miles 69? in a degree. . 1774. 12x17?. 
 [In Sayer (Robert) and Bennett (John), editors. The American military pocket atlas. 
 8°. London, for R. Sayer & J. Bennett. [1776]. no. 2]. 
 
 1774. [A general chart of the West Indies. By captain J. S. Speer]. Thos. Bowen 
 
 sculpt. Scales, British statute miles 69J to a degree. Marine leagues 20 
 to a degree. Geometrical or marine miles 60 to a degree. 28 Jx46i. [Lon- 
 don], capt. Speer, May 20th, 1774. 
 
 Same. 
 
 [American maps. v. 2. no. 33] . 
 
 1775. Carte reduite des iles Antilles. Par mrs. de Verdun de la Crenne, le chevalier 
 
 de Borda et Pingre 1775. — Carte reduite des debouquements de St. Do- 
 mingue. Par mrs. de Verdun de la Crenno le chev'er de Borda, et Pin- 
 gre, 1775. 34x22i 
 
 [In Atlas maritime, fol. Genes, Yves Gravier, 1801. no. 33] . 
 
 1775. An index map to the following sixteen sheets, being a compleat chart of the 
 West Indies, with letters in the margin to direct the placing the different 
 sheets in their proper places. 14|x24J. London, for R. Sayer, 1775. 
 [/w Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R. Sayer & J. Ben- 
 nett, 1775. no. 7] . 
 
 1775. The island of Cuba with part of the Bahama banks & the Martyrs. By Tho's 
 Jefferys. 18^x21^ London, for R. Sayer, 1775. 
 
 [In Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R. Sayer & J. Ben- 
 nett, 1775. no. 13] . 
 
 1775. Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas: or, a compendious description of 
 
 the West-Indies: illustrated with forty correct charts and maps, taken 
 from actual surveys. Together with an historical account of the several 
 countries and islands which compose that part of the world ... 3 
 p. 1., 28 pp., 39 maps. fol. London, for R. Sayer & J. Bennett, 1775. 
 
 1776. The West Indies from the best authorities. British miles 60 to a degree. 
 
 6|xlU. 
 
 [In Andrews (John). History of the war with America, France, Spain and Holland. 
 12°. London, J. Fielding, 1786. v. 2, p. 303] . 
 
 1777. A new and correct map of North America, with the West India Islands . . . 
 
 Laid down according to the latest surveys and corrected from the original 
 materials of goverF Pownall, 1777. London, for R. Sayer & J. Bennett, 
 
 1777. 
 
 [In Faden (William, editor). The North American atlas, fol. London, for W. 
 Faden, 1777. nos. 1-2] . 
 
 Same. 
 
 [/« Jefferys (T.) and others. The American atlas, fol. London, R. Sayer & J. Ben- 
 nett, 1776. nos. 5-6]. 
 
 1777. West Indies. 7x11^ 
 
 [Jn Gutherie (William). A new geographical, historical, and commercial grammar. 
 Newed. 8°. London, for John Knox, 1777. p. 680]. 
 
 159a— 05 30 
 
466 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1777. Westlndien. 7x15. 
 
 [I7i Schlozer (A. L.) Neue erdbeschreibung der ganz Amerika. 16°. Gothingen, 
 
 1777] . 
 
 1778. Carta esatta rappresentante I'isola di Cuba. 10x12. 
 
 [In Atlante dell' America, [anon.] fol. Livorno, 1778. no. 18] . 
 
 1778. A new chart of the West Indian islands; as they are possessed by the Euro- 
 pean powers; drawn from the most recent authorities, [anon.] 19x23. 
 [London], for R. Sayer & J. Bennett, 1778. 
 1778. Nouvelle Espagne, Nouveau M^xique, isles Antilles par le s. Robert de Vau- 
 gondy, geog. ordinaire du roy &c. Grave par E. Dussy. Echelle: mille 
 par geometriques de 60 au degre. 92-xl2. 
 
 [I7i Robert de Vaugondy (Didier, 1723-1786) . Nouvel atlas porta tif. 4°. Paris, Fortin, 
 
 1778. no. 44] . 
 Note. — Inset: "Isles Azores ou Tercferes. 
 
 1778. Nuovo e corretta carta dell' Indie Occidentali. 10^x13. 
 
 [In Atlante dell' America, [anon.] fol. Livorno, 1778. no. 17] . 
 
 1778. Piano della citta, porto dell' Havana. 8x10. 
 
 [In Atlante dell' America, [anon.] fol. Livorno, 1778. no. 19] . 
 
 1778. The West Indies, and Gulf of Mexico, from the latest discoveries and best 
 observations. Jn'o Lodge, sculp. 9xl3|. 
 
 [Jm Russell (William). The history of America. 4°. London, for Fielding & Walker, 
 1778. V. 1, p. 517] . 
 
 1778. West Indies from the best authorities. By T. Bowen, geog. 7x11^. 
 
 [In North-American (The) and the West-Indian gazetteer, [anon.] 2d ed. 16°. 
 London, for G. Robinson, 1778]. 
 
 1779. Map of the European settlements in the West Indies. By Thos. Kitchin. 
 
 6ixlOJ. 
 
 [In Raynal (G. T. F.) A philosophical and political history. 12°. Dublin, 1779, 
 
 T. 4]. 
 Note. — Also in second edition, 1798. 
 
 1779. West Indies. Drawn and engraved from the best maps and charts. T. Kitchin, 
 
 sculp. 7xl4|. 
 
 [ire Hervey (Frederick) and oi/iers. The naval history of Great Britain. 8°. London, 
 W. Adlard for J. Bew, 1779. v. 2, p. 177] . 
 
 1779-1782. Matthews (John, R. N.) Twenty-one plans, with explanations, of differ- 
 ent actions in the West Indies, during the late war: by an officer of the 
 royal navy, who was present. 24 pp., 21 fold. maps. 8°. Chester, [Eng.l, 
 printed by J. Fletcher, for the author, 1784. 
 Note. — Dedication signed, John Matthews. 
 
 Gives battles of: Grenada, July 6, 1779; Martinique, April 29, 1781; St. Christopher, Jan- 
 uary 25-26, 1782; and Dominica, April 9 and 12, 1782. 
 
 1780. The entrance of Havannah, from within the harbour. [View]. 8jxl6i-. — The 
 
 harbour and part of the town of Havannah. [View]. 8Jxl6J. 
 
 [In Atlantic (The) Neptune. Charts of the coast and harbors of New England, fol. 
 London, J. F. W. Des Barres, 1780. sheet 67] . 
 
 1780. West Indies, with the harbour and fort of Omoa. From the best authorities. 
 
 [anon.] 11^x25. 
 
 [In Political (The) magazine. 8°. London, for J. Bew, [1780]. v. 1, bet. pp. 179-180] . 
 
 1781. A map of the English, French, Spanish, Dutch & Danish islands in the West 
 
 Indies, taken from an improved map of the geographer to the king of 
 France; with the tract of the last West India fleet through the Windward 
 passage. 102x14. London, J. Bew, 1781. 
 
 [/n Political (The) magazine. June. 1781. 8°. London, for J. Bew, [1781]. v. 2, 
 p. 368]. 
 
 1781. The West Indies, and gulf of Mexico. Engrav'd by J. Cary. 9x14. [Lon- 
 don], J. Macgowan & W. Davies, 1781. 
 
 [7n Field (The) of Mars, [anon.] 4°. London, for J. Macgowan, 1781. v. 2]. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 467 
 
 1782. De stad en haven van Havana op't eijland Cuba, met alia desselfs droogtens en 
 dieptens. 20x22|. Amsterdam, I. van Keulen. 
 
 [Jft Voogt (Claas Jansz). De nieuwe groote lichteiide zee-fakkel . . . merkelyk ver- 
 meerderd en verbeeterd door Gerard Hulst van Keulen. fol. Amsterdam, G. H. 
 van Keulen, 1782. no. [26].] 
 
 1782. Map of the islands of Martinico, Dominico, Guardahipe, St. Christophers &c., 
 shewing the place of adm'l Eodney's late victory over the French fleet. 
 9^x11. London, J. Bew, 1782. 
 
 [Jm Political (The) magazine. June 1782. 8°. London, for J. Bew, [1782] . v. 3, bet. 
 pp. 336-37] . 
 
 1782. Nieuwe en naeukeurige afteekening vant canaal van Bahama vertoonende t 
 
 geheele eyland Cuba de noordkust van Espaniola als meede de zuyd kust 
 
 van Florida met alle desselfs eylande klippen en banken int groot. 
 
 Duytsche myl schaal van 15 in een graed. Englis leaguas 20 for degree— 
 
 Lieuas de France 20 par degrez. 20x22|. Amsterdam, G. van Keulen. 
 
 [J?i Voogt (Claas Jansz). De nieuwe groote lichtende zee-fakkel . . . merkelyk ver- 
 
 meerderd en verbeeterd door Gerard Hulst van Keulen. fol. Amsterdam, G. H.van 
 
 Keulen, 1782. no. [32] .] 
 
 1782. Nouvelle carte marine de toute les c6tes de I'Amerique. Montrant toutes les 
 isles, bayes et rivieres, aussi toutes les roches et profonts tons compose es 
 plusieurs. Memoires de tr^s experimentes navigateurs par Jean Sikkena 
 . . . Duytsche mylen 15 in een graad. Engelse en France mylen 20 in 
 een graad. Spaansche mylen 17J in een graad. 23x39. 
 
 [/m Voogt (Claas Jansz). De nieuwe groote liclitende zee fakkel . . . merkelyk ver- 
 meerderd en verbeeterd door Gerard Hulst van Keulen. fol. Amsterdam, G. H. 
 van Keulen, 1782. no. [29].] 
 
 1782. Pas kaart van de boght van Florida met de canaal tusschen Florida en Cuba. 
 
 Door Gerard van Keulen. Duytsche mylen 15 in een graadt. Spaansche 
 
 mylen 17J in een graadt. Eng. en Fran, mylen in een graadt. 20x22|. 
 
 [Iw Voogt (Claas Jansz). De nieuwe groote lichtende zee-fakkel . . . merkelyk ver- 
 
 meerderd en verbeeterd door Gerard Hulst van Keulen. fol. Amsterdam, G. H. 
 
 van Keulen, 1782. no. [31] .] 
 
 1782. Pas kaart vande zuyd kust van Cuba en van geheel Yamaica en andre bygelee- 
 gen plaatsen. Door Vooght geometra. Duytsche mylen 15 in een graadt. 
 Spaansche mylen 17J in een graadt. Eng. en Fran, mylen 20 in een 
 graadt. 20x22|. Amsterdam, S. van Keulen. 
 
 [J?i Voogt (Claas Jansz). De nieuwe groote lichtende zee fakkel . . . merkelyk ver- 
 meerderd en verbeeterd door Gerard Hulst van Keulen. fol. Amsterdam, G. H. 
 van Keulen, 1782. no. [24] .] 
 
 1782. Pas kaart van West Indien . . . Duytsche mylen 15 in een graad. Spaansche 
 mylen 17 J in een graad. Eng. en Fran, mylen 20 in een graad. 20x22|. 
 Amsterdam, J. van Keulen. 
 
 [J« Voogt (Claas Jansz). De nieuwe groote lichtende zee-fakkel . . . merkelyk ver- 
 meerderd en verbeeterd door Gerard Hulst van Keulen. fol. Amsterdam, G. H. 
 van Keulen, 1782. no. [1] .] 
 
 1782. West Indien. Samuel Vitus Dorn sc. 7x14 J. 
 
 [In Geschichte der kriege in und ausser Europa. [anon.] 4°. Niirnberg, G. 
 Rasp6, 1782. 25 theil] . 
 
 1783. Bowles (Carington). Bowles' new map of North America and the West 
 
 Indies, exhibiting the British empire therein with the limits and bounda- 
 ries of the United States. As also, the French and other European states. 
 The whole compiled from the best surveys and authentic memoirs which 
 have appeared to the present year 1783. 39x45. London, C. Bowles, 
 1783. 
 
468 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1783-1787. Jeffreys (Thomas, d. 1771). The West-India atlas: or, a compendious 
 description of the West-Indies: illustrated with forty-one correct charts 
 and maps, taken from actual surveys. Together with an historical 
 account of the several countries and islands which compose that part of 
 the world ... 3 p.L, 28 pp., 40 maps. fol. London, for R. Sayer & 
 J. Bennett, 1783-[1787]. 
 
 Note. — ^Eng. title dated 1775, descriptive title, 1783. Map no. 1, "A chart of the Brit- 
 ish Channel . . .", dated 1787. Maps 6 to 40, dated 1775, are the same as those in 
 the edition of 1775. 
 
 1784. A chart of the Antilles, or Charibee, or Caribs islands, with the Virgin isles, 
 
 by L. S. De La Eochette. 1784. W. Palmer sculp. 18x20. London, W. 
 Faden, 1784. 
 
 1785. De Antilles eilanden en de golf van Mexico. 8^x12^. 
 
 [In Bachiene (W. A.) Atlas tot opheldering der hedendaagsche historie. fol. te 
 Amsterdam, M. Schalekamp, 1785]. 
 
 1785. Kaart van het eilanil Cuba. 8-4x12^-. 
 
 [In Bachiene (W. A.) Atlas tot opheldering der hedendaagsche historie. fol. te 
 Amsterdam, M. Schalekamp, 17851. 
 
 1785 Kaart van het eiland Cuba. Spaansche mylen van 17J in een graad. Kastili- 
 aansche mylen van 26^ in een graad. Gemeene Fransche mylen van 25 
 in een graad. Ze myleen van 20 in een graad. 8^x121-. [Amsterdam, 
 1785]. 
 
 1786. A compleat map of the West Indies, containing the coasts of Florida, Louisiana," 
 
 New Spain, and Terra Firma; with all the islands. By Samuel Dunn. 
 English miles 69J to a degree. 12xl7J. London, for E. Sayer, 1786. 
 {In Dunn (Samuel). A new atlas of the mundane system. 3d ed. fol. London, 
 Laurie & Whittle, [1786-1789] . no. 41] . 
 
 1787-1791. Carte geo-hydrographique du golfe du Mexique et de ses isles . . . Par 
 m. Eizzi Zannoni. 12^x17^-. Paris, Lattre, 1787-[1791]. 
 
 [/?i Bonne (Rigobert, 1727-1794), Janvier (Jean) and Zannoni (Giovanni Antonio Rizzi, 
 1736-1814). Atlas moderne. fol. Paris, Delamarche, 1787- [1791]. no. 68]. 
 
 1787-1810? The West Indies, exhibiting the English, French, Spanish, Dutch & 
 Danish settlements with the adjacent parts of North and South America, 
 from the best authorities. 72x11. 
 
 [In Bankes (Thomas) , Blake (Edward Warren) and Cook (Alexander) . Anew, royal 
 authentic and complete system of universal geography ancient and modern. 2 v. 
 fol. London, printed for J. Cook, [1787-1810?] bet. pp. 516-517]. 
 
 1788. The harbour of St. Yago in the island of Cuba. 6|x9. London, E. Sayer, 
 1788. 
 
 [In Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R. Sayer, 1794- 
 
 [1796] . no. 40] . 
 Note.— Same, dated 1788, in 1794 edition. 
 
 1788. Isles de Cuba et de la Jamaique. Par m. Bonne, ingenieur-hydrographe de la 
 marine. Andre sculp. IMilles statues anglois, de 69J au degre. Milles 
 g6ographiques, de 60 au deg®. 95xl3J. 
 
 [In Bonne (Rigobert) and Demarest (Nicolas). Atlas encyclop6dique. fol. Paris, 
 hdtel de Thou, 1788. v. 2, no. 112] . 
 
 1788. Plan of Barracoa in the island of Cuba. 6|x9. London, E. Sayer, 1788. 
 
 [In Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R. Sayer, 1794_ 
 
 no. 39] . 
 Note. — Same, vnthout imprint, in 1794- [1796] and 1818 editions. 
 
 1788. Plan of Bahia Honda on the north side of Cuba. Wigzell & Creed sc. 7x8f . 
 London, for E. Sayer, 1788. 
 
 [In Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R. Sayer, 1794. 
 
 no. 35] . 
 Note.— Same, without imprint, in 1794-[1796] and 1818 editions. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CQBA. 469 
 
 1788. Plan of Bahia Xagua on the south side of Cuba. 7^x11. London, E. Sayer, 
 1788. 
 
 [In JefEerys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R. Sayer, 1794. 
 
 no. 39] . 
 Note. — Same, without imprint, in 1794- [1796] and 1818 editions. 
 
 1788. Plan of great bay of Nipe on the north side of Cuba, by the chief pilot of the 
 Armada. 9x7. London, for R. Sayer, 1788. 
 
 [In Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R. Sayer, 1794. 
 
 no. 38]. 
 Note.— Same, without imprint, in 1794- [1796] and 1818 editions. 
 
 1788. A plan of Nuevitas harbour in the island of Cuba. 6|x7f. London, R. Sayer, 
 1788. 
 
 [In Jeflerys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R. Sayer, 1794. 
 no. 38] . 
 Note.— Same, without imprint, in 1794- [1796] and 1818 editions. 
 
 1788. Plan of Port Cavafias on the north side of Cuba. 9x6J. London, R. Sayer, 
 1788. 
 
 [In Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R. Sayer, 1794. 
 
 no. 36] . 
 Note.— Same, without imprint, in 1794- [1796] and 1818 editions. 
 
 1788. Plan of Port Mariel on the north side of Cuba. 9^x7^. London, for R. 
 Sayer, 1788. 
 
 [J7i Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas. London,forR. Sayer, 1794. no. 36]. 
 Note.— Same, without imprint, in 1794- [1796] and 1818 editions. 
 
 1788. Plan of the bay of IMatanzas, on the north side of Cuba. 8x12^. London, 
 - for R. Sayer, 1788. 
 
 [In Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R. Sayer, 1794. 
 
 no. 37]. 
 Note.— Same, without imprint, in 1794-[1796] and 1818 editions. 
 
 1788. Plan of the city and harbour of Havanna. 9xl2|^. London, for R. Sayer, 
 
 1788. 
 
 [In Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R. Sayer, 1794. 
 
 no. 37]. 
 Note.— Same, without imprint, in 1794- [1796] and 1818 editions. 
 
 1789. A new general chart of the West Indies from the latest marine journals and 
 
 surveys regulated and ascertained by astronomical observations . . . 
 Examined . . . [by] Osgood Carleton. 27x39. Boston, J. l^orman, 1789. 
 
 Same. 
 
 [In Norman (William, publisher). The American pilot, fol. Boston, W. Norman, 
 1798. no. 2] . 
 
 1792. De golf van JMexico de eilanden en het omleggende land . . . 18fx225. 
 Amsterdam, I. B. Elwe, 1792. 
 
 [IwElwe (Jan Bareud). Atlas, fol. Amsterdam, I. B. Elwe, [1792]. no. 39]. 
 Same. [Copy no. 2. no. 37] . 
 
 1792. Index to the following sixteen sheets, being a compleat chart of the West 
 Indies . . . 14fx24J. London, for R. Sayer, 1792. 
 
 [Jm Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London,forR. Sayer, 1794. no. 8]. 
 
 1792. The island of Cuba with part of the Bahama banks and the Martyrs. By 
 
 Tho's Jfefferys . . . 18^x24 J. London, for R. Sayer, 1792. 
 
 [In Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R. Sayer, 1794. 
 no. 14] . 
 
 1793. West Indies according to the best authorities. 8x12. 
 
 [In Morse (Jedidiah). The American universal geography. 8°. Boston, I. Thomas & 
 E. T. Andrews, 1793. bet. pp. 666-667] . 
 
 1794. An accurate map of the West Indies, from the latest improvements. W. Har- 
 
 rison sculpt. 7Jx9|. 
 
 [7w Wilkinson (Robert). A general atlas, fol. London, R.Wilkinson, [1803]. no.47]. 
 
470 HAIfDBOOK OF OdBA. 
 
 1794. An accurate map of the West Indies with the adjacent coast of America; by 
 J. Russell. 13|xl9J. 
 
 [In his An American atlas . . . and a plan of the city of Washington, fol. London, 
 H. D. Symonds, & J. Ridgway, 1795. no. 3] . 
 
 1794. Index to the following sixteen sheets being a compleat chart of the West 
 Indies. 15x24^. London, Laurie & Whittle, 1794. 
 
 [JnJeflerys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R.Sayer, 1794- [1796]. 
 no. 8]. 
 
 1794. The island of Cuba with part of the Bahama Banks and the Martyrs. By 
 Tho's Jefferys. 18Jx24J. London, Laurie & Whittle, 1794. 
 
 [In Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, for R. Sayer, 1794- [1796] . 
 no. 14]. 
 
 1794. Jefferys (Thomas, d. 1711). The West-India atlas or, a compendious 
 description of the West-Indies: consisting of a complete collection of 
 accurate charts, with plans of the harbours, roads, bays — and maps of the 
 separate islands, taken from actual surveys. Together with an historical 
 account of the several countries and islands which compose that part of 
 the world ... 4 p. 1. 28 pp., 60 maps on 61 sheets, fol. London, 
 for E. Sayer, 1794. 
 
 Note. — Engraved title inserted after p. 28. 
 
 1794. A map of the West Indies from the best authorities. 9|xl52. 
 
 [In Morse (Jedidiah). Maps of America to accompany "The American geography." 
 [anon.] New ed. 12°. London, J. Stoekdale, 1792-94. no. 20] . 
 
 Same. 
 
 [In Morse (Jedidiah). The American geography. 4°. London, J. Stocljdale, 1794. 
 p. 608] . 
 
 1794. A new and complete map of the West Indies comprehending all the coasts 
 and islands known by that name. By mons'' d'Anville; with several 
 emendations and improvements. British and French sea leagues 20 to a 
 degree. 18^x33 J. London, Laurie & Whittle, 1794. 
 
 [In Laurie (Robert) and Whittle (James). A new and elegant imperial sheet atlas, 
 fol. London, R. Laurie and J. Whittle, 1808. no. 53]. 
 
 Same. 
 
 [In Kitchin (Thomas, senior-) and others. A new universal atlas, fol. London, 
 R. Laurie & J. Whittle, 1795. no. 60] . 
 
 1794. A new general chart of the West Indies from the latest marine journals and 
 
 surveys, regulated and ascertained by astronomical observations. [2"^ ed.] 
 27jx40i. London, Laurie & Whittle, 1794. 
 1794-6. Jefferys (Thomas, d. 1771). The West-India atlas: or, a compendious descrip- 
 tion of the West-Indies: consisting of a complete collection of accurate 
 charts, with plans of the harbours, roads, bays — and maps of the separate 
 islands, taken from actual surveys. Together with an historical account 
 of the several countries and islands which compose that part of the world 
 . . . and improved from the latest discoveries, the whole neatly engraved 
 on eighty-four plates which comprises sixty charts ... 3 p. 1., 28 pp., 
 60 maps on 61 sheets, fol. London, for R. Sayer, 1794-[1796]. 
 
 Note. —Engraved title found in the earlier editions is wanting. Map no. 25i, "A 
 
 new chart of the coast of Guayana, from the river Berbice to Cape North," is dated 
 
 1796. 
 
 1795. Stabilimenti de Francesi, Inglesi, e Spagnuoli nelle isole Antille. Di nuova 
 
 projezione. G. Pitteri scr. G. Zuliani inc. 12^x16. Venezia, A. Zatta, 
 1795. 
 
 [im Zatta (Antonio). Atlante novissimo. fol. Venezia, A. Zatta, 1795. v. 4, no. 49]. 
 
 1795. West Indies. 7^x12^. 
 
 [In Walker (John, 1769-1830). The universal gazetteer. 8°. London, Darton A 
 Harvey, 1795. pi. 28] . 
 
. HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 471 
 
 1796. An accurate map of the West Indies with the adjacent coact of America. D. 
 Martin sculp. 1796. 14xl7J. 
 
 [In American (The) atlas, fol. New York, J. Reid, 1796. no. 20] . 
 
 1796. A chart of the West Indies, from the latest marine journals and surveys. W. 
 Barker sculp, [anon. ] 11x16. 
 
 [In Carey (Mathew). Carey's American atlas, fol. Philadelphia, M. Carey, 1795. 
 no. 21] . 
 
 Same. 
 
 [Jm Carey (Mathew) . Carey's general atlas, fol. Philadelphia, M. Carey, 1796. no. 
 43]. 
 
 1796. A general chart of the West Indies. By captain J. S. Speer, with additions 
 from the latest navigators. Scales, British statute miles 69J to a degree. 
 Marine leagues 20 to a degree. Geometrical or marine miles 60 to a degree. 
 28Jx46|^. London, republished by E. Wilkinson, June 4th, 1796. 
 
 1796. West Indies from the best authorities. Doolittle, sculp. 7|xl2. 
 
 [7m Morse (Jedidiah). The American universal geography. 3d ed. 8°. Boston, I. 
 Thomas & E. T. Andrews, 1796. pt 1, p. 760] . 
 
 1797. A correct chart of the West India islands. S. H. sculp. 6^x9. 
 
 [7nMalham(John). The naval gazetteer. 1st. Amer. ed. 8°. Boston, W. Spotswood 
 & J. Nancrede, 1797. v. 1, p. 515] . 
 
 1797. A new chart of the West Indies including the Florida gulf stream. Drawn 
 from the latest authorities by W. Heather. 305x73^. London, author, 
 1797. 
 
 [In Heather (William). The marine atlas, fol. London, W. Heather, [1803] . no.45.J 
 
 1797. West Indies, from the best authorities. 71x12^. 
 
 [Jw Morse (Jedidiah). The American gazetteer. 8°. Boston, 1797] . 
 
 1798. Plan du port et de la ville de la Havanne lev6 en 1798 par d. Jose del Ri6 . . . 
 
 public . . . au Depot general de la marine, en 1800. Julius Bien & co. 
 photo, lith. 16ix20J. 
 
 [In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
 
 governor of Cuba on civil afEaisfs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 
 
 1901. V. 2, pt. 8, at end] . 
 
 1799. West Indies. 7^x12^. 
 
 [In Payne (John). New and complete system of universal geography. 8°. New- 
 York, for J. Low, 1799. v. 4, p. 486] . 
 
 .1799. The West Indies. Neele sculp. 14xl8|. 
 
 [In Cruttwell (Clement). Atlas to accompany Crutt well's. gazetteer, fol. London, 
 printed for G. G. & J. Robinson, [1799] . no. 24] . 
 
 1800? Carte de I'isle de Cuba et des isles Lucayes. [Par Chanlaire]. Tardieu sculp. 
 Lieues d'Espagne, de 17 J au degre. Lieues legales de Castille, de 26 J au 
 degr6. Lieues communes de France, de 25 au degr6. Lieues marines de 
 20 au degre. 12|xl6i [1800?] 
 
 1800. The West Indies and gulf of Mexico, from the latest discoveries and best obser- 
 
 vations. Jno. Lodge sculp. 9x14. 
 
 [J?i Russell (William). The history of America. 4°. London, for Walker, 1800. v. 1, 
 p. 517]. 
 
 1801. A new and correct general chart of the West Indies including the gulf of Mex- 
 
 ico & bay of Honduras, &c. Collected from the journals, surveys and 
 astronomical observations of the most celebrated navigators, by William 
 Heather. 30|x49. London, author, 1801. 
 
 [Jn Heather (William). The marine atlas, fol. London, W. Heather, [1803] . no. 46]. 
 
 1802. Havana. Engrav'd & publish'd Jan^. 1, 1802, by J. Luffman. 6x4J. 
 
 [JwLuffman (John). Select plans of the principal cities, harbours, forts &c. in the 
 world. 4°. London, J. Luffman, 1801-[1802]. v. 2, no. 59]. 
 
 1803. Chart of the West Indies and Spanish dominions in North America. By A. 
 
 Arrowsmith. 4 sheets each 24x37|. London, A. Arrowsmith, 1803. 
 
472 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1803. A new map of the West India isles. By John Gary. 18x20. London, J. 
 . Gary, 1803. 
 
 [In Gary (John). Gary's new universal atlas, fol. London, J. Gary, 1808. no. 58]. 
 
 1804. West Indies, from the best authorities. Grilbey sc. 7x12. 
 
 [J?i Morse (Jedidiah). The American gazetteer. 2d ed. 8°. Charlestown, 1804]. 
 
 1804. West Indies. IMarshall sculp. 8x9|. 
 
 [In Arrowsmith (Aaron) and Lewis (Samuel). A new and elegant general atlas. 4°. 
 Philadelphia, J. Gonrad, 1804. no. 58] . 
 
 1805. The AVest Indies. E. P. delint. Neele sculpt. 8x10. 
 
 [In Patteson (iJeii. Edward). Ageneral and classical atlas, fol. Richmond, [Eng.], 
 printed for the author by G. A. Wall, 1804-[1806] . no. 31]. 
 
 1806. West Indies. Harrison sc't. 9Jxl6. 
 
 [In Cyclopaedia (The) or, universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature. By 
 Abraham Rees. 1st American ed. 4°. Philadelphia, S. F. Bradford, [1806]. 
 V. 6]. 
 
 1807. Havannah in the island of Cuba. [View]. Bennet sculp. Pocockdel. 4^x8. 
 
 [Iw Naval (The) chronicle, 1807. 8°. London, for J. Gold, 1807. v. 18, p. 392]. 
 
 1808. West Indies. Engraved for the New encyclopaedia published by John Low. 
 
 7|-xl2i. New York. 
 
 [In New (The) and complete American encyclopeedia. 4°. New York, J. Low, 1805-11. 
 V. 4, bet. pp. 602-603] . 
 
 1809. Laurie and Whittle's new chart of the West Indies, gulf of Mexico and north- 
 
 ern provinces of South America; compiled from the most recent Spanish 
 and other surveys, by Joseph Dessiou. 45ix56|. London, Laurie & 
 Whittle, 1809. 
 
 1809. West Indies. Drawn under the direction of mr. Pinkney by L. Herbert. 
 
 Neele sculpt. Scale. British statute miles 69^ to a degree. 19f x27i. Lon- 
 don, Gadell & Davies; & Longman, Hurst, Eees & Orme, 1809. 
 
 [77J Pinkerton (John). A modern atlas, fol. London, printed for T. Gadell & W. 
 Davies; & Longman, Hurst, Orme & Brown, 1815]. 
 
 1810. Edwards (Bryan). A new atlas of the British West Indies, with a whole sheet 
 
 general map of the West India islands, and a w"hole sheet map of the 
 island of Hispaniola, or St. Domingo. Engraved to accompany the Phila- 
 delphia edition of Edwards' History of the West Indies. 2 p. 1., 11 maps. 
 4°. Gharleston, E. IMorford, Willington & co. 1810. 
 
 Contents. — A new map of the West Indies. — Jamaica. — Barbadoes. — Grenada. — St. 
 Vincent.— Map of the island of Dominica. — Island of St. Ghristopher's.— Island of 
 Antigua. — Virgin Islands. — Island of Tobago. — St. Domingo. 
 
 1810. A new map of the West Indies. Reduced by S. Lewis. Engraved by J. H. 
 
 Seymour. 16x25. 
 
 [In Edwards (Bryan). A new atlas of the West India islands. 4°. Charleston, E. 
 Morford, Willington & co. 1810] . 
 
 Same. 
 
 [In Edwards (Bryan). A new atlas of the West India islands. 4°. Philadelphia, 
 I. Riley, 1818]. 
 
 1810-16. Chart of the West Indies and Spanish dominions in North America. By 
 A. Arrowsmith. 1803. Additions to 1810-1816. Jones, Smith & co. sc. 
 48x56. 
 
 [In Arrowsmith (Aaron). Atlas to Thompson's Alcedo. fol. London, G. Smeeton, 
 181C. nos. 12-13] . 
 
 1811. The West India islands. 9ixll|. London, W. Darton, 1811. 
 
 [/» Darton (William). . . . Union atlas, fol. London, W. Darton, 1812- [1814]. no. 
 31]. 
 
 1811. West Indies, drawn from the best authorities by J. Russell. 14x181. 
 
 [In Guthrie (Wm.) A system of modern geography. 7th ed. 8°. London, 1811. p. 
 934]. 
 
HAISTDBOOK OF CUBA. 473 
 
 1814. A chart of the West Indies, from the latest marine journals and surveys. 
 llixlSf. 
 
 [7m Carey (Mathew). Carey's general atlas, fol. Philadelphia, M. Carey, 1814. no. 
 30]. 
 1814. West Indies, drawn and engraved for dr. Play fair's geography. Engraved by 
 H. Cooper. 18-^x22. 
 
 [In Playfair (James, principal of St. Andrews). A new general atlas, ancient and 
 modern, fol. London, printed for the author, 1814] . 
 
 1814. West Indies. Engraved by Kirkwood & son. Drawn & engraved for John 
 
 Thomson & co^ New general atlas, 12 August 1814. 19|x23i. 
 
 [Jw Thomson (John). A new general atlas, fol. Edinburgh, for J. Thomson & co. 
 1817. no. 60] . 
 
 1815. West Indies. From various authorities. 7x9. 
 
 [In Guthrie (William). A new geographical, historical and commercial grammar. 
 8°. Philadelphia, Johnson & Warner, 1815. v. 2, p. 508] . 
 
 1815-16. The West Indies. By J. Luffman, geogr. 10|x7i. 
 
 [In Luffman (John). Luffman'g geographical & topographical atlas. 2 v. in 1. 4°. 
 London, J. Luffman, 1815-16] . 
 
 1816. The harbour of St. Yago in the island of Cuba. 6|x9. London, J. Whittle 
 
 & E. H. Laurie, 1816. 
 
 [In Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, J. Whittle & R. H. 
 Laurie, 1818. no. 52] . 
 
 1816. Island of Cuba. — Chart of the Bahama islands. — The Bermudas, or, Summer 
 islands. Drawn & engraved for Thomson's New general atlas, 1816. 
 19|x23|. 
 
 [In Thomson (John). A new general atlas, fol. Edinburgh, for J. Thomson & eo. 
 1817. no. 61] . 
 
 1816. [West Indies]. J. Russell sculp. 10x16^. 
 
 [In Burney (James). A chronological history of the voyages and discoveries in the 
 South sea or Pacific ocean. 4°. London, L. Hansard & sons, 1803-1817. pt. 4. front.] 
 
 1817. Laurie & Whittle's new chart of the Caribbee or West India islands, 'from 
 
 Porto-Rico to Trinidad inclusive; with the coasts of the Spanish Main 
 thence to Guayra. Improved by various emendations and additions, from 
 the chart constructed under the orders of the Spanish government, by don 
 Cosme Churruca, and don Joaquin Franco. Fidalgo . . . John Purdy 
 deUnt. G. Allen, sculpt. 3d. ed. 1817. London, R. Laurie & J. Whittle, 
 1810-[1817]. 
 
 [In JeSerys (Thomas). The West India atlas, fol. London, J. Whittle & R. H. Lau- 
 rie, 1818. nos. 9-10] . 
 
 1817. West Indies. Engraved by Sy. Hall. 8x10. Edinburgh, A. Constable & co. 
 
 1817. 
 
 [Jn Arrowsmith (Aaron). A new general atlas. 4°. Edinburgh, A. Constable & co. 
 1817. no. 52] . 
 
 1818. Edwards (Bryan). History of the British West Indies ^by Bryan Edwards 
 
 with a continuation to the present time, illustrated by maps and plates. 
 
 In 5 volumes. [Maps and plates], title, 12 maps, 9 pi., 1 1. at end. 4°. 
 
 London, printed for the proprietors, 1818. 
 
 Contents. — A new map of the West Indies. — A map of the island of Jamaica. — Map of 
 the island of Grenada. — Map of the island of St. Vincent. — Map of the island of 
 Dominica. — Map of the island of St. Christopher's. — Map of the island of Antigua. — 
 Map of the Virgin islands.— Map of the island of St. Domingo.— Map of the island of 
 Tobago. 
 
 1818. Edwards (6ryan). Anew atlas of the West India islands, title, 11 maps. 
 4°, Philadelphia, I. Riley, 1818. 
 
 Note. — Atlas to accompany Edwards' History of the West Indies. Rebound, taking 
 title page from title on the original cover. 
 
474 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Same. Cover title, 11 maps. 4°. Philadelphia, I. Riley, 1818. 
 
 Contents.— Pi-new map of the West Indies.— St. Domingo.— Jamaica.— Map of the island 
 of Dominica. — St. "Vincent. — Virgin islands. — Barbadoes. — Island of St. Christo- 
 phers.— Island of Antigua.— Island of Tobago.— Grenada. 
 
 1818. Jeff erys (Thomas, d 1771). The West-India atlas: comprehending a complete 
 collection of accurate charts, of the navigation of the M'^est-Indies and gulf 
 of Mexico; with plans of the harbours, roads, bays, &c. and distinct maps 
 of the different islands from actual surveys, adjusted by the latest astro- 
 nomic observations. The whole newly arranged, and including the large 
 chart of the Atlantic ocean, by John Purdy; the new general chart of the 
 West-Indies, by Joseph Dessiou; and the improved editions of the maps, 
 by the late Thomas Jefferys, geographer to the king: with several others 
 recently published. 2 p. 1., 52 maps on 57 sheets, fol. London, J. 
 Whittle <^ R. H. Laurie, 1818. 
 
 1818. Laurie and Whittle's new chart of the Windward passages and Bahama islands, 
 with the islands of St. Domingo, Jamaica, Cuba, etc., etc. Compiled from 
 a great variety of topographic surveys and nautical details . . . By John 
 Purdy. Engraved by W. West. 3d ed., improved: 1818. 2 sheets each 
 37x24J. London, R. Laurie & J. Whittle, 1818. 
 
 [iw Jefferys (Thomas). The West India atlas, fol. London, J. Whittle & R. H. Lau- 
 rie. 1818. no. 11-12]. 
 Note.— Pub. London, 2d. Sepr. 1811.— Improved edition 1818. 
 
 1818. A new map of the West Indies for the History of the British colonies by Bryan 
 Edwards esq. Scale of English miles 19^ to a degree. 2 sheets each 
 27ix22J. London, W. H. Reid. 
 
 [in Edwards (Bryan). History of the British West Indies. 4°. London, printed for 
 the proprietors, 1818. Atlas, no. 1]. 
 
 1818. A new chart of the West Indies, gulf of Mexico, and northern provinces of 
 South America; compiled from the most recent Spanish and other surveys 
 by Joseph Dessiou. Improved edition with additions to 1818. 2 sheets, 
 each 22Jx55. London, J. Whittle & R. H. Laurie, 1813-[1818]. 
 
 [In Jefferys (Thomas). The West-India atlas, fol. London, J. Whittle & R. H. 
 
 Laurie, 1818. nos. 7-8] . 
 Note. — Dedication signed "Laurie & Whittle." 
 
 1818. Portulano de la America Septentrional. Ccnstruido en la direccion de los tra- 
 bajos hydrogrMcos. Dividido en quarto partes. Aumentado y corregido 
 en ISls"! 2 p. 1., 16, 46, 34, 16, 9 maps. obi. fol. Madrid, 1809. 
 
 1818. West Indies. 9^x15^. 
 
 [In Carey (Mathew) & son. Carey's general atlas, fol. Philadelphia, M. Carey & 
 son, 1818. map 30]. 
 
 1818. West Indies. 20x27. 
 
 [In. Pinkerton (John). A modern atlas, fol. Philadelphia, T. Dobson, 1818. no. 47]. 
 
 1820. Indie Occidentali. M" di Pietro inc. Roma. 7x12. 
 
 [In Rossi (Luigi). Nuovo atlante di geografla universale, fol. Milano, coi tipi di 
 Batelli e Fanfani, 1820- [1821] . no. 40] . 
 
 1821. Carta delle isole Antille. 1821. Leghe communi di 25 al grado. 13Jxl6J. 
 
 [In Rossi (Luigi). Nuovo atlante di geografla universale, fol. Milano, coi tipi di 
 B£.telli e Fanfani, 1820- [1 821] . no. 42] . 
 
 1821. A new map of the West India isles, from the latest authorities. By John Cary, 
 
 engraver, 1821. 17|x20. London, J. Cary, 1821. 
 
 [In Cary (John). Cary's new universal atlas, fol. London, printed for J. Cary, 1824. 
 no. 59] . 
 
 1822. Geographical, statistical and historical map of Cuba and the Bahama islands. 
 
 B. Tanner sc. 9Jxl4. 
 
 [In Complete (A) historical, chronological and geographical American atlas, fol. 
 Philadelphia, H. C. Carey & I. Lea, 1822. no. 40]. 
 
. HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 475 
 
 1822. Porto de Cavanas. Surveyed by Anthony de Mayne, r. n., in 1816. 11^x7 J. 
 London, 1822. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 412] . 
 
 1822. West Indies. 8ix9f. 
 
 [In Drury (Luke). A geography for schools. 4°. Providence, R. I., Miller & Hutch- 
 ens, 1822. pi. 20] . 
 
 1823. Plan of the anchorage formed by Piedras, Mono, Monillo, and other adjacent 
 
 cays. J. & 0. Walker sculpf 7|xlli. London, 1823. 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 410] . 
 
 1823. Port Bariai, on the north coast of Cuba. 9x6|. London, 1823. 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 422] . 
 
 1823. Port Jururu, on the north coast of Cuba. J. Walker sculpt 12x8. London, 
 1823. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 421] . 
 
 1823. Port Mariel, on the north coast of Cuba, about 7 leagues west of Havannah. 
 From a Spanish printed plan. J. Walker sculp? 11x72. [London], 
 1823. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 413] . 
 
 1823. The port of Manati, on the north coast of Cuba. J. Walker sculpt 8^x8^. 
 [London], 1823. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 418] . 
 
 1823. Port of Nuevas Grandes, on the north coast of Cuba. J. Walker sculp? 7x8|. 
 London, 1823. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 417] . 
 
 1823. Puerto de las Nuevitas del principe, on the north coast of Cuba. Plan of the 
 
 channel on an extended scale. J. Walker sculp? 9x17. London, 1823. 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 416] . 
 
 1824. The port of Baracoa, on the north coast of Cuba, near the east end. From a 
 
 Spanish printed plan. 8|^x9. London, 1824. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 438] . 
 
 1824. The ports of Cabonico & Livisa, on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish 
 printed plan. 7^x11^. London, 1824. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 428] . 
 
 1824. The port of Cayo Moa, on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed 
 plan. SixlOi. London, 1824. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 433] . 
 1824. The port of Cebollas, on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed 
 plan. 7|xll|. London, 1824. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 430] . 
 
 1824. The port of Gibara, on the north coast of Cuba. 9x7. London, 1824. 
 [Great Britain Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 420] . 
 
 1824. The port of Maravi on the n. e. coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed plan. 
 J. Walker sculpt. 7|x5f . London, 1824. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 437] . 
 
 1824. The port of Navas on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed plan. 
 J. Walker sculpt. 7|x5i. London, 1824. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 437] . 
 
 1824. The port of Yaguanique on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed 
 plan. J. Walker sculpt. llx8J. London, 1824. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 432] . 
 
 1824. Port Padre, on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed plan. J. 
 Walker sculpt. 7x10. London, 1824. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 419] . 
 
476 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1825. The bay of Jagua on the south coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed plan. 
 J. Walker sculpt. Il|xl2i. London, 1825. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 444]. 
 
 1825. Carta esferica que comprende la costa meridional parte de la setentrional 6 islas 
 adyacentes de la isla de Cuba desde la punta de Maisi hasta cabo S. Anto- 
 nio levantada en 1793. Corregida en 1804 y publicada por orden del excmo 
 senor d° Guadalupe Victoria, primer presidente de la Kepiiblica. 22^x35^. 
 Mexico, 1825. 
 
 1825. Carta esferica que comprehende una parta de las islas Antillas, las de Puerto Kico, 
 Haity, Jamayca y Cuba con los bancos y canales adyacentes. Construida 
 en 1799. Corregida en 1815 y publicada por orden del escmo sor d. 
 Guadalupe Victoria, primer presidente de la Eepdblica Mexicana. 22 Jx33i. 
 Mexico, 1825. 
 
 1825. Carte g^ographique, statistique et historique de Cuba, lie de Cuba. Dressee 
 par Pierron d'apres la carte de m. de Humboldt . . . Grav4 par Henne- 
 quin. Ecrit par Arnoul. Echelle en lieues de 25 au degre, 15^x19^. 
 [In Buchon (Jean Alexandre C, tr.). Atlas gSographique, statistique, historique et 
 chronologique des deux Am6riques. fol. Paris, J. Carez, 1825. no. 46] . 
 
 1825. Carte g6ographique, statistique et historique des Indes Occidentales. Grav^ 
 par B. de Beaupr6. Echelle en lieues de 25 au degr6. 12x15. 
 
 [In Buchon (Jean Alexandre C, tr.) Atlas g^ographique, statistique, historique et 
 chronologique des deux Am^riques. fol. Paris, J. Carez, 1826. no. 45]. 
 
 1825. Carta maritima de la isla de Cuba, que comprehende las jurisdicciones de 
 Filipina, la Havana, las quatro villas, la de la villa Puerto del Principe, el 
 Bayamo y la de la ciudad de Cuba. Por don Juan Lopez, pensionista de 
 S. M. 2 sheets each 14xl7|. Madrid, 1825. 
 
 1825. The port of Mata, on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed plan. 
 J. Walker sculpt. 7Jx8. [London], 1825. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 439] . 
 
 1825. The port of Taco on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed plan. 
 
 J. Walker sculpt. 8|x5|. London, 1825. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 435] . 
 
 1826. Bahia Honda on the north coast of Cuba. From Spanish printed plan. 10|x7J. 
 
 London, 1826. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 411]. 
 
 1826. Carte de I'ile de Cuba. Redigee sur les observations astronomiques des navi- 
 gateurs Espagnols et sur celles de mr. de Humboldt. Par P. Lapie . . . 
 1826. 12ix25J. 
 
 [In Humboldt ( P. W. H. A. freiherr von) . Atlas g^ographique et physique des regions 
 6quinoxiales du nouveau continent, fol. Paris, libraire de Gide, 1814^1834. no. 23] . 
 Note. — Inset: Plan du port et de la ville de la Havane. 
 
 Same. 
 
 [Jn Humboldt (P. W. H. A. freiherr von). Essai politique sur I'ile de Cuba. 8°. Paris, 
 
 J. Smith, Gide fils, J. Renouard, 1826. at end] . 
 Note. — Inset: Plan du port et de la ville de la Havane. 
 
 1826. lie de Cuba. Ecrit par Hacq. 9x13. 
 
 [j;i Huber (E.) Aper^u statistique de I'ile de Cuba. 8°. Paris, P. Dufart, 1826] . 
 
 1826. Port Escondido or Hidden harbour, on the south coast of Cuba. From a 
 Spanish printed plan. 7^x10. London, 1826. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 441] . 
 
 1826. The part of Sama on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed plan. 
 J. & C. Walker sculpt. 11x6^ London, 1826. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 425] . 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 477 
 
 1826. Plan of p" de Vita on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed plan. 
 J. & C. AValker sculpt. lUx8. London, 1826. 
 
 [Great Britain. AdIniraltJ^ Hydrographic office. Chart no. 423] . 
 
 1826. The port of Baitiqueri; on the south coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed 
 plan. 9|x7|. London, 1826. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 440] . 
 
 1826. The port of Banes, on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed 
 plan. 7xlOi-. London, 1826. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 426] . 
 
 1826. The port of Cananova, on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed 
 plan. 9ix6|. London, 1826. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 431] . 
 
 1826. The port of Cayaguanique, on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish 
 printed plan. 7^x8 J. London, 1826. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 436] . 
 
 1826. The port of Jaragua; on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed 
 plan. J. & C. Walker sculpt. 6^x9^. London, 1826. 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 434] . 
 
 1826. The port of Naranjo on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed 
 plan. J. & C. Walker sculpt. 8f x8|. London, 1826. 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 424] . 
 
 1826. The port of Nipe on the north coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed plan. 
 J. &C. Walker, sculpt. 8x12. London. 1826. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 427] . 
 
 1826. A survey of the Isle of Pines and adjacent coast of Cuba by capt.'' Geo.'' Har- 
 ris, r. n. assisted by lieu.* H. D. Trotter, mess.''^ Read, McHardy & Davi- 
 son, r. n. Il2xl5|. London, 1826. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 445] . 
 
 1826. The West Indies from the best authorities. J. H. Young, sc. 9|xl6j. 
 
 [In Finley (Anthony). A new American atlas, fol. Philadelphia, A. Finley, 1826. 
 no. 14]. 
 
 1827. Carey (H. C.) and Lea (I.) A complete historical, chronological, and geo- 
 
 graphical American atlas, being a guide to the history of North and South 
 America, and the West Indies. 3d ed. 3 p. 1., 119 1. incl. 46 maps. fol. 
 Philadelphia, H. C. Carey & I. Lea, 1827. 
 1827. Chart of the Bahama Islands. — Island of Cuba. — The Bermudas, or Summer 
 Islands. 20x23|. 
 
 [In Thomson (John). A new general atlas, fol. London, for J. Thomson & co. 
 1827. no. 61] . 
 
 1827. Made Cuba. 6Jxl2. 
 
 [In Gtiia de forasteros de la siempre flel isla de Cuba, para el aiio hisiestro de 1828. 
 18°. Habana, 1827. at end] . 
 
 1827. Itinerario, piano de la ciudad de la Habana y oti-o de toda la isla. 7^x11^. 
 
 [In Guia de forasteros de la siempre fiel isla de Cuba, para el ano bisiestro de 1828. 
 18°. Habana, 1827. at end] . 
 
 1827. Mapa de la isla de Cuba, formada sobre las observaciones astronomicas de los 
 navegantes espanoles y del baron de Humboldt. Grabado en Paris por 
 Ambrosio Tardieu. 9fxl6j. Paris, J. Renouard, 1827. • 
 
 [In Humboldt (F. W. H. A.freiherr von). Ensayo politico sobre la isla de Cuba. 8°. 
 
 Paris, J. Renouard, 1827. bet. pp. iv-v] . 
 Note. — Inset: Plan del puerto y de la ciudad de la Habana." 
 
 1827. The port of Guantanamo or Cumberland harbour, on the south coast of Cuba. 
 From a Spanish printed plan. 12x8. London, 1827. 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 442] . 
 
478 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1827. West Indies. 19Jx23i. 
 
 [In A new general atlas, fol. London, for J. Thomson & co. 1827. no. 60] . 
 
 1827. West Indies. By Sidney Hall. English miles 69 to a degree. 16x20. London, 
 
 Longman, Eees, Orme, Brown & Green, 1827. 
 
 [In Hall (Sidney). A new general atlas, fol. London, printed for Longman, Eees, 
 Orme, Brown & Green, 1830. no. 47] . 
 
 1828. West Indies. J. H. Young sc. 8x9J. 
 
 [Ill Malte-Brun (Malthe Conrad Bruun, called). A new general atlas, fol. Phila- 
 delphia, J. Grigg, 1828. no. 36]. 
 
 1829. Cartes des Antilles du golfe du Mexique et d'une partie des etats voisins. 
 
 Dressee par m. Lapie et m. Lapie fils. 15^x21. Paris, 1829. 
 
 [In Lapie (Pierre) and Lapie (Alexandre Emile). Atlas universel de geographic 
 ancienne et moderne. fol. Paris, EjTuery, Frueger et cie. 1829- [1842]. no. 45]. 
 
 1829. [Piano en que se manifesta la division de la isla de Cuba en provincias mari- 
 timas, y estas en distritos]. 9^x12^. Impta. litog. Hab°'. 
 
 [In Laborde y Navarro (Angel). Nueva divisi6n de la isla de Cuba en provincias 
 maritimas. 12°. Habana, J. Bolofla, 1829. front.] 
 
 1829. West Indies. Young & Delleker sc. 8|xlli. 
 
 [I7i Finley (Anthony, publisher). A new general atlas, fol. Philadelphia, A. Finley, 
 1829. no. 32] . 
 
 Same. 
 
 [J» Finley (Anthony, pM6ZJs/ier). A new general atlas, fol. A. Finley, 1831. no. 32]. 
 
 1830. Piano de la ciudad y puerto de la Habana, estendiendose al o. mas de los 
 
 leguas . . . rectificado y aumentado en el ano 1830. Julius Bien & co. 
 photo, lith. 12|xl2J. 
 
 [In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
 
 governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 1901. 
 
 V. 2, pt. 3, at end] . 
 
 1830. Westindien. Geogr. meilen 15 auf 1 grad. 7|xl0i. 
 
 [In Schlieben (Wilhelm Ernest August von). Atlas von Amerika. fol. Leipzig, G. J. 
 Goschen, 1830. no. 30]. 
 
 1831. Plan of the harbour and city of Havana. J. Wyld sculp. 6|x8. 
 
 [In Hallam (George). Narrative of a voyage from Montego bay, in the island of 
 Jamaica, to England; by a route never gone before or since, across the island of Cuba 
 to Havana. 12°. London, printed for C. J. G. & F. Rivington, 1831. front.] 
 
 1831-37. Piano comparativo de la configuracion de las costas de la extremidad occi- 
 dental de la isla de Cuba, representadas en la gran carta de Barcelona de 
 1831 y en la del Deposito hydrogrdfico de Madrid de 1837 . . . 9x17. 
 [In Sagra (Ram6n de la). Historia fisica, politica y natural de la isla de Cuba, 
 fol. Paris, A. Bertrand, 1842. v. 2]. 
 
 1832. A general chart of the West Indies and gulf of Mexico, describing the gulf and 
 
 Windward passages, coasts of Florida, Louisiana and Mexico, bay of Hon- 
 duras and Musquito shore; likewise the coast of the Spanish main to the 
 mouths of the Orinoco. Drawn chiefly from the surveys of mr. Anthy. 
 De Mayne, r. n., the new Spanish charts &c . . . 4 sheets each 24Jx36^. 
 [London], 1824-1832. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 392] . 
 
 Note.— Inset: Chart of the Virgin islands. 
 
 1832. West Indies, by J. Arrowsmith. 18^x23^. London, 1832. 
 
 [7)1 Arrowsmith (John). London atlas. 4 v. 8°. London, J. Arrowsmith, [1832-1846]. 
 
 V. 4, no. 45]. 
 Note.— Date altered to 1834. 
 
 1832. West Indies. J. H. Young sc. 8x9|. 
 
 [/n Malte-Brun (Malthe Conrad Bruun, caKed). A new general atlas, fol. Philadel- 
 phia, Grigg & Elliot, 1832] . 
 
 1832. West Indies. J. Yeager sc. 3|x5i 
 
 [Jn Family cabinet atlas, [anon.] First American edition, revised, corrected, and 
 enlarged. 16°. Philadelphia, Carey & Lea, 1832. pi. 91] . 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 479 
 
 1834. Carte du quartier de Ste Catherine et des contrees environnantea jusqu'tl San- 
 tiago de Cuba, levee par Alex. Jaegerschmid, ex oflficier en mai 1834. 
 9Jxl6. 
 
 [In Society de g^ographie. Bulletin. 2e serie. 8°. Paris, 1834. v. 2] . 
 
 1834. West Indies. [Copyrighted] 1834. 10Jxl2|. 
 
 [In Burr (David H.) A new universal atlas, fol. New York, D. S. Stone, [1835?] 
 no. 55] . 
 
 1834. West Indies. British miles 69 to a degree. Drawn & engraved by J. Dower. 
 
 13ixl6. London, H. Teesdale & co. 1834. 
 
 [In Dower (John). A new general atlas of the world, fol. London, H. Teesdale & 
 
 CO. 1835. no. 39] . 
 Note. — This atlas is bound with Teesdale's, A new British atlas. 1835. 
 
 1835. The Antilles or West-India islands. J. & C. Walker sculpt. 12^x15^. Lon- 
 
 don, Baldwin & Cradock, 1835. 
 
 [In Society (The) for the diffusion of useful knowledge. A series of maps, modern 
 and ancient, fol. London, Baldwin & Cradock, [1829-35] . no. 73] . 
 
 1835. IMexico, Guatemala, and the West Indies. 10x7J. 
 
 [In Bradford (Thomas G.) A comprehensive atlas, geographical, historical & com- 
 mercial. 4°. Boston, American stationers' co. 1835. p. 65] . 
 
 1835. West Indies. 7Jx9J. 
 
 [In Bradford (Thomas G.) A comprehensive atlas geographical, historical & com- 
 mercial. 4°. Boston, American stationers' co. 1835. p. 68]. 
 
 1837. Plan du phare de la JHavane, d'apres celui de d. Jose Del Rio. 10Jx7f. 
 
 [In Coulier (Ph. J.) Atlas general des phares et fanaux a I'usage des navigateurs. 
 4°. Paris, I'auteur, [1844] -1850. Am6rique Equatoriale, 1'^= section, no. 8]. 
 
 1837. West Indies. J. H. Young sc. 8x9|. 
 
 [J?i Mai te-Brun (Malthe Conrad Bruun, catted). A new general atlas, fol. Philadel- 
 phia, Grigg & Elliot, 1837. no. 36] . 
 
 1838. Cuba. The Colorados from a Spanish m. s. with outlying coral banks, from a 
 
 survey by captn. R. Owen R. N. 1836. J. & C. Walker sculpt. lOfxlO. 
 [London], 1838. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 1159] . 
 
 1838. West Indies. Engraved by G. W. Boynton. 11^x14^. 
 
 [In Bradford (Thomas G. ) An illustrated atlas, geographical, statistical and historical 
 of the United States and the adjacent countries, fol. Philadelphia, E. S. Grant & 
 CO. [1838]. p. 166]. 
 
 1839. Blunt's new chart of the West Indies and gulf of IVIexico. Engraved by W. 
 
 Hooker. ■ From the Spanish, English, French & Danish surveys. 24|x83 J. 
 
 New York, E. & G. W. Blunt, 1839. 
 
 Note. — Insets: Harbour of St. Thomas by captain L. I. Rhode, 1822. — Entrance to the 
 harbour of Havanna. W. Hooker sc — Ragged island. By mr. Anthj De Mayne, 
 r.n. — Harbour of Matanzas. W. Hooker sc — A geometrical plan of the principal 
 harbour in the island of Porto Rico, surveyed in 1794 by don Cosme de Churruca. 
 W. Hooker sc— The harbour of Tampico, from actual survey, 1833. 
 
 1839. Map of the West India & Bahama islands, with the adjacent coasts of Yucatan, 
 
 Honduras, Colombia, &c. 20x29. 
 
 [In Tanner (Henry S.) A new American atlas, fol. Philadelphia, H. S. Tanner, 
 1839]. 
 
 1840. West Indies. Engraved by S. Hall. 10^x141 . 
 
 [In Hall (Sydney). Black's general atlas, fol. Edinburgh, [etc.] A. <& C. Black, 
 
 1840. map 50]. 
 Note. — Same map found in edition of 1841. 
 
 1841. Piano geogriifico de la isla de Cuba . . . 21x36. 
 
 [In Sagra (Ramon de la). Historia fisica, politica y natural de la isla de Cuba. fol. 
 Paris, A. Bertrand, 1842. v. 2] . 
 
 1841. West Indies. 18^x24^. London, 1841. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 390] . 
 
480 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1841. West Indies, Guatimala etc. Drawn and engraved by J. Archer. 9xllJ. 
 
 [J?i Mudie (Robert). Gilbert's modern atlas of the earth, fol. London, H. G. Collins, 
 [1841?] p. 188]. 
 
 1842. IMapa de la isla de Cuba y tierras circunvecinas, segun las divisiones de los 
 
 naturales, con las derrotas que siguio el almirante don Cristobal Colon por 
 aquellos mares . . . 1842. Gravee sur pierre par L. Bouffard. 8|xl3|. 
 [In Sagra (Ramon de la). Historia fisica, politica y natural de la isla de Cuba. fol. 
 Paris, A. Bertrand, 1842. v. 2, pi. 11] . 
 
 1842. Piano de la ciudad y del puerto de la Habana . . . 8|xl4. 
 
 [In Sagra (Ramon de la). Historia fisica, politica y natural de la isla de Cuba. fol. 
 Paris, A. Bertrand, 1842. v. 2, pi. 10]. 
 
 1842. Pianos de bolsillo de la isla de Cuba, la ciudad de la Habana y sus barrios 
 estramuros, tabla de distancias de unos pueblos A otros, y el plan de 
 senales del Morro. 3 p. 1., 3 maps, 3 pL, 1 tab. 16°. Habana, gobierno 
 y capitania general, 1842. 
 
 1842. West Indies. 12^xl0|. 
 
 [In Greenleaf (Jeremiah). A new universal atlas. New ed. rev. fol. Brattle- 
 boro, Vt, G. R. French, 1842. p. 58]. 
 
 1842.. West Indies. Engraved by J. Knight. 11x14. Philadelphia, Carey & Hart 
 [1834]. 
 
 [In Tanner (Henry S.) A new universal atlas, fol. Philadelphia, Carey & Hart, 
 1842. no. 29]. 
 
 1843. Plan du port et de la ville de la Havane rectifie d'apres celui de 1843, de don 
 
 Ramon de la Sagra. 85x135. 
 
 [I?i Hespel d'Harpon ville (Gustave d'). La reine des Antilles. 8°. Paris, Gide & 
 Baudry, 1850. p. 75]. 
 
 1843. Rough sketch or reconnoissance of the copper region and of the geology of the 
 Savana region of Gibara in the island of Cuba, from the field notes of 
 Richard C. Taylor. Scale, one inch to a mile. 18^x13. 
 
 [In American philosophical society. Transactions. New Series. 4°. Philadelphia, 
 
 1846. at end] . 
 Note. — To accompany an article on p. 204, entitled, " Memoir on the character and 
 prospects of the copper region of Gibara, and a sketch of the geology of the north- 
 east part of the island of Cuba, by Rich. C. Taylor." 
 
 1843. West Indies. Engraved by G. W. Boynton. Iljxl4. 1838. 
 
 [In Bradford (Thomas Gamaliel) and Goodrich (Samuel Griswold) editors. A uni- 
 versal, illustrated atlas, fol. Boston, C. D. Strong, 1843. bet. pp. 166-167] . 
 
 1844. Central America and the West Indies, from the latest and best authorities. 
 
 .12i-xl9J. New York, Harper & bros. [1844]. 
 
 [I7i M'Culloch (J. R.) M'Culloch's universal gazetteer. 8°. New York, Harper & 
 
 brothers, 1844. v. 2, p. 9] . 
 Note. — Inset: The harbour and city of Havana. 
 
 1844. Plan of the harbour and city of the Havana, surveyed by don Joseph Del Rio, 
 captain in the Spanish navy. 1798 . . . The meridian and the scale 
 have been corrected by commander E. Barnett 1844. Cooper, sc. 16x20^. 
 [London, 1844?] 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Chart no. 414] . 
 
 1846. Carte g^n^rale des phares de I'Amerique equinoxiale et ses colonies. Grav6 
 par Benard. 17x32J. 
 
 [In Coulier ( Ph. J. ) Atlas general des phares et fanaux a I'usage des navigateurs. 4°. 
 Paris, I'auteur, [1844] -1850. Am6rique 6quatoriale, 1'''= section, map 1]. 
 
 1846. Havana. 1. Situation of h. m.'s ship "Romney" in the harbour. 2. Situa- 
 tion of the barricoon "Noria" offered by the capt. gen. in place of the 
 Romney. 11x14. 
 
 [/n Great Britain. Parliament. Accounts and papers. 1846. v. 50, p. 422]. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 481 
 
 1847. West Indies, By J. Arrowsmith. lSJx24. London, J. Arrowsmith, 1847. 
 
 [In his The London atlas of universal geography, fol. London, J. Arrowsmith, 1842- 
 [1850] . no. 45] . 
 
 1848. West Indies. Sheet 1. Florida strait surveyed by captns. Owen and Barnett 
 
 and mr. Demayne E. N. 1821-1838. The coast of Cuba from Spanish 
 charts of 1836-1837. 18jx24. London, 1848. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 1217] . 
 
 1849. Piano pintoresco de la Habana con los numeros de las casas. Dedicado por el 
 
 autor a la memoria de su tio el sor. Coronel d. Antonio M* de la Torre y 
 Cdrdenas. 1849. 16^x21^ New York, W. S. Barnard, 1849. 
 
 Note.— Inset views of; Puenta de la Habana en el paseo de Isabel 2".— Gran teatro de 
 Tacon.— Real cArcel y presidio.— Catedral*— Hospital militar.— Deposito de villa- 
 nueva 6 paradero del ferro-carril.— Castillo del Morro.- Vista general de la Ha- 
 bana.— Deposito del Cas.— Templete.— Quinta del e. s. conde de la Fernandina.— R' 
 casa de beneflcencia. — Palaeio de gobierno. — Circo Habanero. 
 
 1849. Piano topogrdfico de los barrios extramuros de la ciudad de la Habana hasta el 
 
 puente de Chavez. 11x13^. 
 
 [J?i Guia de forasteros en la siempre fiel isla de Cuba para el ano de 1849. 18°. 
 Habana, 1849. p. 148] . 
 
 185-? Piano topogrMco de la ciudad de Sta. Maria de Puerto Principo y sus cercanias. 
 Al sof . . . Belisario Alvarez y Cespedes . . . le dedica este trabajo . . . 
 Tomds Valles. 31x31. [185-?] 
 
 1850? The port of S* lago de Cuba. From a Spanish printed plan. .7 Walker, 
 sculpt. Il|x9. London, 1824. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart 443]. 
 
 Note.— Contains following statement: No light was shown in the lighthouse in Nov 
 1850. 
 
 1850. Carte de I'isle de Cuba d'aprSs la nouvelle division territoriale. Kectifiee sur 
 
 celle publiee par le gouv' espagnol en oct'"^ 1847. Lith. Napoleon Chaix. 
 13x17. Paris, 1850. 
 
 [In Hespel d'Harponville (Gustave d'). La reine des Antilles. 8°. Paris, Gide & 
 Baudry, 1850. at end] . 
 
 1850. Cuba and the Windward passages. 78Jx40. New York, E. & G. W. Blunt, 
 1850. 
 
 Note. — Inset: Plan of Havana from the Spanish surveys. 
 
 1850. Plan du port et de la ville de la Havane rectifie d'apres celui de 1843, de don 
 Ramon de la Sagra. Lith. n. Chaix et cie. 8f xlO. 
 
 [In Hespel d'Harponville (Gustave d'). La reine des Antilles. 8°. Paris, Gide & 
 Baudry, 1850. bet. pp. 74-75] . . 
 
 1850. West India islands, etc. [Showing lights and light houses] . 12^x14. 
 [In Great Britain. Parliament. Accounts and papers. 1850. v. 53] . 
 
 1850. West Indies. 12x15. 
 
 [In Mitchell (Samuel Augustus). A new univer.sal atlas, fol. Philadelphia, 
 
 Thomas, Cowperthwait & co. 1853. no. 39] . 
 Note.— Copyrighted in 1850. 
 
 1850. West India islands, by A. K. Johnston. Engraved by W. & A. K. Johnston. 
 
 Geographical miles 60 to a degree. English miles 69 to a degree. 19|x24. 
 
 [In Johnston (Alexander Keith) . The national atlas of historical, commercial and 
 
 political geography, fol. Edinburgh and London, W. Blackwood & sons, 1850. 
 
 no. 40] . 
 
 1850. Wilson's statistical map of Cuba. 1850. 12x17^. New Orleans, T. W. Wilson, 
 
 [1850]. 
 
 1851. Birds' eye view of Havana. Drawn from nature & on stone by J. Bachman. 
 
 22x31J. New York, A. Guerber & co. 1851. 
 
 159a— 05 31 
 
482 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1851. Cuba. 18x23. Philadelphia, R. L. Barnes, 1851. 
 
 Note. — In Department of State. 
 
 1851. Map of the West Indies & Bahama islands with the adjacent coasts of Yucatan, 
 Honduras, Caracas, &c. By James Wyld. 11x30^. London, J. Wyld, 
 1851. 
 
 [I?i Wyld (James). A new general atlas, fol. Londop. [1854].] 
 
 1851. New map of the island of Cuba showing the present theater of war. 16x20; 
 New York, T. Schedler, 1851. 
 
 1851. Posesiones de America. Isla de Puerto Rico. Por el teniente coronel capitan 
 
 de ingenieros d. Francisco Coello. Las notas estadisticas 6 historicas han 
 sido escritas. Pord. P^scual Madoz. 33x44. Madrid, J. Noguerra, 1851. 
 Note. — At top of sheet "Diccionario geogrAflco estatlstico liist6rico. Atlas de 
 Espaiia — sus posesiones de ultramar." 
 
 1851-53. Isla de Cuba. Atlas del diccionario geogrdfico. Por F. Coello y P. Madoz. 
 2 sheets each 33x44. Madrid, 1851-53. 
 Note. — In Department of State. 
 
 1852. Carta de una parte de la costa setentrional de Cuba con el derrotero que siguio 
 
 por ella Cristobal Colen en 1492 y pianos de los puertos que probable- 
 mente visito entonces en la isla. Por d. Jose C. de Arboleya. 9Jxl5J. 
 Habana, 1852. 
 
 [Jn Garcia de Arboleya (Josd). Manual de la isla de Cuba. 2. ed. 24°. Habana, 
 
 imprenta del Tiempo, 1859. bet. pp. 80-81] . 
 Note. — Insets: Fondeadero de Moa. — Puerto de Samd.— Puerto de Jibara. — Puertos 
 de Nipe, Cabonico y Levisa. — Puerto de Juragua. — Puerto de TAnamo. 
 
 1852-53. Chart of the island of Cuba. John Arrowsmith, litho. 11^x24. 
 [7n Great Britain. Parliament. Reports, committees. 1852-53. v. 39]. 
 
 1853. Cuadro de la division territorial y de la poblacion de la isla de Cuba. Lith. 
 
 Escudero. 10|xl5J. 
 
 [In Habana (Jos6 Gutierrez de la Concha y de Irigoyen, marques de la). Memorias 
 sobre el estado politico, gobierno y administraci6n de la isla de Cuba. 8°. Madrid, 
 J. Trujillo, 1853. at end] . 
 
 1853. Isla de Cuba por el teniente coronel, capitan de ingenieros d. Francisco Coello. 
 
 Las notas estadisticas 6 historicas han sido escritas por d. Pascual Madoz. 
 Madrid 1853. Casi todo el interior de la isla, ha sido arreglado y dibu- 
 jado por mi amigo y compaiiero d. Tomas 0-Ryan teniente coronel, 
 capitan de ingenieros. Grabado en Madrid bajo la direcci6n del autor. 
 La topografia por d. Camilo Alabern, el contorno por Deroux, la letra por 
 Bacot. Las cartas que no tengan el sello de la empresa se considerardn 
 falsificadas. 21^x40. 
 
 [In Coello de Portugal y Quesada (Francisco). Atlas de Espana. 16°. [Madrid, 
 
 1848-68] . 
 Note.— Inset plans: "SenoMejicano.— Guanajay. 1 2000.000.— Manzanillo. 1 200.000.— 
 Holguin. 1 200.000. Santiago de las Vegas. 1 20.000.— Pinar del Rio. 1 20.000.— S. 
 Antonio de los Bancs. 1 20.000.— La Asuncion de Guanabacoa. 1 20.000.— Contornos 
 de la Habana. 1 500.000.— S. Julian de los Giiines. 1 20.000.— S*" Clara. 1 20.000.— 
 Caibarien. 1 20.000.— Islas Lucayas.— Puerto Principe. 1 20.000." 
 
 1854. Map of the West Indies & Bahama Islands with the adjacent coasts of Yuca- 
 
 tan, Honduras, Caracas, &c. By James Wyld. Ilx30j. London, J. 
 Wyld, 1851. 
 
 [/?i Wyld (James). A new general atlas, fol. London, [1854].] 
 1854. Piano de Matanzas. Litogr? de L. Marguier. 11^x151-. 
 
 [In Alfonso (Pedro Antonio). Memorias de un matancero. Apuntes para la historia. 
 de la isla de Cuba, con relacion a la ciudad de San Carles [sic] y San Severino de; 
 Matanzas. 12°. Matanzas, Marsal y ca. 1754. at end] . 
 
 1854. West Indies. Drawn & engraved by J. Dt^wer. 13^x16^. 
 
 [In Dower (John). A new general atlas of the world, fol. London, H. Teesdale & 
 CO. [1864] . no. 39] . 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 483 
 
 1854-1858. Kerhallet (Charles Marie Phillippe de, 1809-1863). Manuel de la navi- 
 gation dans la mer des Antilles et dans le golfe du Mexique par m. Ch. 
 Philippe de Kerhallet. 3 v. Paris, depot general de la marine, 1854-[1858] . 
 1855. Colton's Cuba, Jamaica and Porto Rico. 11^x14. New York, G. W. & C. B. 
 Colton, [1855]. 
 
 [In Colton (G. Woolworth). Colton's general atlas, fol. New York, G. W. & C. B. 
 Colton & CO. 1870. no. 87] . 
 
 1855. Cuba, Jamaica and Porto Rico. 12|xl5J. New York, J. H. Colton & co. 
 
 1855. 
 1855. Cuba. North coast. Anchorage on the west side of I. Frances. By T. W. 
 
 Sulivan, r. n. master h. m. s. Vestal. 1854. 9|xl2J. London, 1855. 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 2384] . 
 
 1855. A general chart of the West Indies and gulf of Mexico, describing the gulf and 
 Windward passages, coasts of Florida, Louisiana and Mexico, bay of Hon- 
 duras and Musquito shore; likewise the coast of the Spanish main to the 
 mouths of the Orinoco. Drawn chiefly from the surveys of mr. Anthy. 
 De Mayne, r. n., the new Spanish charts &c . . . Additions and cor- 
 rections from the surveys of captns. R. Owen & E. Barnett, lieut. G. B. 
 Lawrance and mr. J. Parsons, mast. r. n. to 1855. 4 sheets each 24x375. 
 [London] 1824-1855. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart nos. 392a-392d] . 
 Note. — Inset: Chart of the Virgin islands. 
 
 1855. Map of the island of Cuba. Compiled from the most reliable Spanish authori- 
 ties. 26x34. [New York, Ensign, Bridgman & Fanning, 1855]. 
 
 1855. Plan of the city of Havana and its environs, from a survey made April 1855 by 
 A. De Lono. 7x7J. New Orleans, A. De Loiio, 1855. 
 
 1855. West Indies. Drawn & engraved by J. Dower. 8x10. 
 
 ,[Jn Petermann (August Heinrich) and Milner (Thomas). The library atlas of phys- 
 ical and political geography, fol. London, W. S. Orr, 1855. no. 46]. 
 
 1856. Central America, Mexico & West Indies. Drawn & engraved by J. Barthol- 
 
 omew. Printed in colors by Schenck & Macfarlane, Edinburgh. lO^xlSJ. 
 [Jn Black (Adam) o?id Black (Charles). Black's atlas of North America, fol. Edin- 
 burgh, A. & C. Black, 1856. no. 19] . 
 
 1856. Entree de Cabaiias, lie de Cuba. Croquis leve en 1816 par de Mayne . 
 1/33,113. Il|x9. [Paris], depot-general de la marine, 1856. 
 
 [In Kerhallet (CM. P. de). Manuel de la navigation dans la mer des Antilles. 
 Paris, d6p6t de la marine, 1854-[1858] . v. 1, no. 1500. no. [56] .] 
 
 1856. Port de Bahia-Hondia, ile de Cuba, d'apres le plan Espagnol de 1809-1818, 
 1/34,129. Il|x9. [Paris], d^pot-gen^ral de la marine, 1856. 
 
 [In Kerhallet (CM. P. de). Manuel de la navigation dans lamer des Antilles. 
 Paris, d^pot de la marine, 1854-[1858] . v. 1, no. 1503. no. [55] .] 
 
 1856. Port de Baracoa, ile de Cuba, d'apres le plan Espagnol de 1809-1818. 1/7,020, 
 9xll|. [Paris], depot-general de la marine, 1856. 
 
 [In Kerhallet (C. M.P. de). Manuel de la navigation dans la mer des Antilles. 4° 
 Paris, d6p6t de la marine, 1854-[1858] . v. 1, no. 1501. no. [59] .] 
 
 1856. Port deJagua, Cuba. Leve en 1836 par F61ix de Bouyon .. . 1/61,500. 18xllf. 
 [Paris], depot des cartes et plans de la marine, 1856. 
 
 [In Kerhallet (C. M.P. de). Manuel de la navigation dans la mer des Antilles. 4°. 
 Paris, d6p6t de la marine, 1854- [1858] . v. 1, no. 1601. no. [51] .] 
 
 1856. Port de Mariel, ile de Cuba, d'apres le plan Espagnol de 1809-1818. 1/24,038. 
 11^x9. [Paris] , d6p6t-general de la marine, 1856. 
 
 [In Kerhallet (CM. P. de). Manuel de la navigation dans la mer des Antilles. 4°. 
 Paris, d^pot de la marine, 1854- [1858] . v. 1, no. 1502. no. [57] .] 
 
484 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1856. Portde Mata (ile de Mata) d'apres le plan Espagnol de 1809-1818. 1/9,901. 
 9xll|. [Paris], depot-general de la marine, 1856. 
 
 [In Kerhallet (C. M.P. de). Manuel de la navigation dans la mer des Antilles. 4°. 
 Paris, d6p6t de la marine, 1854-[1858] . v. 1, no. 1499. no. [58] .] 
 
 1856. Port de Matanzas, ile de Cuba. Croquis fait d'apres un plan Espagnol corrige 
 en 1840, par le master Forbes . . . 1/78,500. 9xll|. [Paris] , d6p6t-gen- 
 eral de la marine, 1856. 
 
 [In Kerhallet (C. M. P. de). Manuel de la navigation dans la mer des Antilles. 4°. 
 Paris, d^pot de la marine, 1854- [1858] . v. 1, no. 1597. no. [61] .] 
 
 1856. E6cifs des Colorados, lie de Cuba. Leves en 1836, par le commandant R. Owen. 
 9xll|. [Paris], dep6t-gen6ral de la marine, 1856. 
 
 [In Kerhallet (C. M.P. de). Manuel de la navigation dans la mer des Antilles. 4°. 
 Paris, depot de la marine, 1854- [1858] . no. 1592] . 
 
 1856. West India islands. 12xl4|. 
 
 [/n. Morse (Charles W.) Morse's general atlas of the world, fol. New York, D. Apple- 
 ton & CO. 1856. no. 39] . 
 
 1856. West Indies. 9|xl5. Philadelphia, 0. Desilver, [1856]. 
 
 [i?i Mitchell (Samuel Augustus). A new universal atlas, fol. Philadelphia, C. Desil- 
 ver, 1857. no. 41] . 
 
 1857. La Havane. [View]. Ed. Wullmann sc. 4x6. 
 
 [7« Malte-Brun (Malthe Coward Brunn, caKed). Geographic universelle. 4°. Paris, 
 Fume & cie. 1857. v. 6, p. 599] . 
 
 1857. lie de Pinos, Cuba. Levee en 1826 par le cap'ne Harris. ll|xl8J. [Paris], 
 depot generale de la marine, 1857. 
 
 [In Kerhallet (C. M. P. de) . Manuel de la navigation dans la mer des Antilles. 4°. 
 Paris, d(§p6t de la marine, 1854- [1868]. v. 1, no. 1740. no. [52].] 
 
 1857. Mapa ilustrativo de la obra titulada lo que fuimos y lo que soinos 6 la Habana 
 antigua i moderna. Construido por el autor de la misma dn. Jose Ma. de 
 la Torre. 1857. Lit. de Marlin, F. M. de Villiers lit. Il|xl9. 
 
 [In Torre (Jos6 Maria de la). Lo que somos6 la Habana antigua y moderna. 8°. 
 Habana, imprentade Spencer y ca. 1857. bet. pp. 4-5]. 
 
 1857. Mapa ilustrativo de la obra titulada lo que fuimos y lo que somos 6 la Habana 
 antigua i moderna. Construido por el autor de la misma dn. Jos6 M^ d® '* 
 Torro. 1857. Traced by J. M. Duefias. Julius Bien & co., photo, lith. 
 12xl8f. 
 
 [In United States. War Department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
 governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, Government printing oflace, 
 1900. V. 2, pt. 3. at end] . 
 Note.— Five small insets of Havana in 1604. 
 
 1857. Mouillage de la Caye Confites, ile de Cuba, d'apres un plan Espagnol de 1802. 
 1/66,700. Il|x9. [Paris], depot des cartes et plans de la marine, 1857. 
 [/« Kerhallet (CM. P. de). Manuel de la navigation dans la mer des Antilles. 4°. 
 Paris, d6p6t de la marine, 1854- [1868] . v. 1, no. 1739. no. [60] .] 
 
 1857. Port de Guantanamo, ile de Cuba, d'apres un plan Espagnol de 1809. 1/67,800. 
 18x11^. [Paris], d^pot des cartes et plans de la marine, 1857. 
 
 [In Kerhallet (CM. P. de). Manuel de la navigation dans la mer des Antilles. 4°. 
 Paris, d6p6t de la marine, 1854-[1858] . v. 1, no. 1738. no. [49] .] 
 
 1857. Port de Santiago de Cuba, lie de Cuba, d'apres le plan Espagnol de 1802. 
 1/23,000. 18xll|. [Paris], d^pot des cartes et plans de la marine, 1857. 
 [In Kerhallet (CM. P. de). Manuel de la navigation dans la mer des Antilles. 4". 
 Paris, d6p6t de la marine, 1854- [1868] . v. 1, no. 1737. no. [50] .] 
 
 1857. West Indies. By Sidney Hall. English miles 69 to a degree. Freiich leagues 
 25 to a degree. Spanish leagues 16 to a degree. 16-^x20. 
 
 [In his A new general atlas . . . constructed entirely from new drawings, fol. Lon- 
 don, Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans, [1857]. no. 47]. 
 
HAISIDBOOK OF CUBA. 485 
 
 1858. Cardenas lev^ en 1831 par les Goelettes de guerre, la Ligera et la Clarita. 
 1/142,500. 9x12. [Paris], d^pot des cartes et plans de la marine, 1858. 
 [In Kerhallet (C. M. P. de). Manuel de la navigation dans la mer des Antilles. 4°. 
 Paris, d6p6t de la marine, 1854-[18.58] . v. 1, no.' 1773. no. [62] .] 
 
 1858. H. Kiepert's karte des nordlichen tropischen America. — A new map of tropical 
 America north of the equator, comprising the West Indies, Central Amer- 
 ica, Mexico, New Granada, and Venezuela ... 6 sheets each 19x20^. 
 BerHn, D. Reimer, 1858. 
 
 1858. Harbor of Sagua la Grande, from actual survey. 20^x28^. New York, E. & 
 G. W. Blunt, 1858. 
 
 1858. Harbor of Sagua la Grande from actual survey. 6|x9J. New York, E. & G. W. 
 Blunt, 1858. 
 
 Note.— Photographic reproduction. 
 
 1858. West Indies. Cuba. Havana surveyed by comodore d. Antonio de Ar^valo 
 and lieut.'s d. Eduardo Failde & d. Manual Costilla of the Spanish navy 
 1854. Copied from the chart published at Madrid in 1855. Engraved by 
 J. & C. Walker. 24x37. London, 1858. 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Chart no. 414]. 
 
 1858. West Indies. Cuba, the eastern portion. From a chart published at the hydro- 
 graphical office Madrid, 1837. Corrected from surveys and observations 
 by Capt"^ R. Owen and E. Barnet and J. Parsons mast. r. n., and from 
 the Spanish maps of Pichard & Coello. 1858. Engraved by J. & C. 
 Walker. 25^x39. London, 1858. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Chart no. 2580] . 
 
 1858. West Indies. Cuba, the western portion. From a chart published at the hydro- 
 
 graphical office Madrid, 1837. Corrected from surveys and observations 
 by capt. R. Owen and E. Barnett, r. n., and from the Spanish maps of 
 Pichardo & Coello. 1858. Engraved by J. & C. Walker. 25|x38i. Lon- 
 don, 1858. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Chart no. 2679] . 
 
 1859. Piano de Santiago de Cuba. — Piano de Matanzas. — Piano de Puerto-Principe. — 
 
 Piano de Trinidad. Tabla de distancias entre las principales poblaciones 
 de la isla de Cuba expresades en leguas provinciales de 5000 varas cubanas. 
 11^x15^. Habana, litoga. del gobierno y de la r' s'^^'^ ec<=-\ [1859]. 
 
 [In Garcia de Arboleya (Jos6). Manual de la isla de Cuba. 2 ed. 24°. Habana, im- 
 prensa del Tiempo, 1859. bet. pp. 128-129] . 
 
 1860. Chart of Cardenas bay, by Capt. Samuel Smith . . . Scale 1 inch to 1 mile. 
 
 Drawn by J. P. Newell. J. H. Bufford's lith. 20^x24^. Boston, [I860]. 
 1860. Colton's Cuba, Jamaica and Porto Rico. 17x22. New York, J. H. Colton, 
 1860. 
 
 Note. — Inset: Map showing the central position of Cuba. 
 
 1860. The West Indies. By G. H. Swanston, Edinr. Geographical miles 60 = one 
 degree. English miles 69 = one degree. 16x20. 
 
 [In Swanston (George H.) The companion atlas, fol. Edinburgh, New York, A. 
 Fullarton & co. [1860] . no. 36] . 
 
 1860. West Indies. Engraved by S. H. 10^xl4J. 
 
 [In Bartholomew (John, Jr.] . Black's general atlas of the world. New ed. fol. Edin- 
 burgh, A. & C. Black, 1860. map 47]. 
 
 1860. West Indies. Cuba, the western portion. From a chart published at the hy- 
 drographical office Madrid, 1837. Corrected from surveys and observa- 
 tions by capt°^ R. Owen and E. Barnett r. n., and from the Spanish 
 maps of Pichardo & Coello. 1858. Engraved by J. & C. AValker. 24Jx38J. 
 London, 1860. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Chart no. 2579] . 
 
486 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1861. Colton's Cuba, Jamaica and Porto Rico. 13^x18. New York, J. H. Colton, 
 1861. 
 
 [In Spanish (The) West Indies . . . Cuba: from the Spanish of don J. M. de la Torre. — 
 
 Porto Rico: by J. T. O'Neal. 16°. New York, J. H. Colton, 1861. at end] . 
 Note. — Insets: Map showing the central portion of Cuba. — Porto Rico. 
 
 1861. Colton's map of the United States, Mexico, the West Indies, &c. 1861. 30x37. 
 New York, J. H. Colton & co. 1861. 
 
 1861. Mapa fisico politico e itinerario de la isla de Cuba, accompanado de varios 
 
 pianos particulares y de noticias estadisticas, per d. Jose Maria de la 
 Torre . . . 49x67. Nueva York, J. H. Colton, 1861. 
 
 1862. Colton's new map of the West Indies, showing also part of Central America, 
 
 the IT. S. of Colombia, Venezuela, etc. . . . 38x56. New York, J. H. 
 Colton, 1862. 
 1862. LaHavane. [View]. 6|xl2i. 
 
 [JwMornand (F.) awd Vilbort (J.) Voyage illustrc? dans les deux mondes. fol. Paris, 
 Le Chavalier, 1862. p. 365] . 
 
 1862. Part of a chart of the West India islands. From British & Spanish surveys. 
 
 15ix24|. New York, E. & G. W. Blunt, 1862. 
 
 1863. Cuba and Jamaica. Drawn & engraved by T. Ettling. 12x17. 
 
 [Jw Dispatch (The) atlas, fol. London, Weekly Dispatch office, 1863. no. 216]. 
 
 1863. West Indies — Cuba. Port of Santiago de Cuba from a Spanish government 
 
 survey 1863. 9ix6|. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office] . 
 Note. — Inset: El Portillo surveyed by commander C. H. Rockwell and the officers of 
 the U. S. S. Yantic, 1889. Photographic reproduction. 
 
 1864. A general chart of the West Indies and gulf of Mexico, describing the gulf and 
 
 Windward passages, coasts of Florida, Louisiana and Mexico, bay of 
 Honduras and Musquito shore; likewise the coast of the Spanish main to 
 the mouths of the Orinoco. Drawn chiefly from the surveys of mr. Anthy. 
 De Mayne, r. n., the new Spanish charts, etc. . . . Additions and cor- 
 rections from the surveys of captns. R. Owen & E. Barnett, lieut. G. B. 
 Lawrance and mr. J. Parsons, mast. r. n. to 1862. 4 sheets each, 24x37^. 
 London, [1824]-1864. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart nos. 392a-392d] . 
 
 Note. — Inset: Chart of the Virgin islands. 
 
 1864. Johnson (A. J.). Johnson's West Indies. 14x21. [New York], Johnson & 
 Ward, [1864]. 
 
 Note. — Inset: The Bermuda islands. 
 
 1864. Laurie's chart of the West Indies and the gulf of Mexico; constructed by A. G. 
 Findlay, f. r. g. s. 2 sheets each 24x30|. London, R. H. Laurie, 1864. 
 Note. — Insets: Key- West harbour, Florida. — Sta. Ana harbour. — Curasao. — Bocas de 
 Dragos and Port Spain. — Cartagena.— Santa Marta. — Cumana. — Bridgetown. — Bar- 
 bados. — Continuation of the coast of Guayana. 
 
 1864. Nuevo mapa topografico de la isla de Puerto Rico. Con pianos extensos de los 
 
 principales puertos y notas estadisticas compiladas de datas oficiales. 40x58. 
 Nuevo York, J. H. Colton, 1864. 
 
 Note.— Contains Mapa de las Antillas y contornos de Ponce. — Mapa de. los contornos 
 de S. Juan de Puerto Rico. — Mapa de las yslas de Cuba y San Domingo y Jamaica. — 
 Piano de S. Juan de Puerto Roco. — Mapa de la isla Culebra y Vieques y canales entre 
 ellas y Puerto Rico, etc. 
 Copy in Department of State. 
 
 1865. Island of Cuba. 2|x6i 
 
 [/» Mitchell (Samuel Augustus). Mitchell's new reference atlas, fol. Philadephia, 
 
 E. H. Butler & co. 1865. no. 23J . 
 Note.— Inset to: Map of the West Indies. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 487 
 
 1866. A general chart of the West Indies and gulf of Mexico, describing the gulf and 
 
 Windward passages, coasts of Florida, Louisiana and Mexico, bay of Hon- 
 duras and Musquito shore; likewise the coast of the Spanish main to the 
 mouths of the Orinoco. Drawn chiefly from the surveys of mr. Anthy. 
 De Mayne, r. n., the new Spanish charts, etc . . . Additions and correc- 
 tions from the surveys of captns. E. Owen & E. Barnett, lieut. G. B. 
 Lawrance and mr. J. Parsons, mast. r. n. to 1862, and various other 
 authorities to 1866. 4 sheets each 24x37. London, 1824-1866. 
 
 tCfreat Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart nos. 392a-392d] . 
 
 Note. — Inset: Chart of the Virgin islands. » 
 
 1867. A general chart of the West Indies and gulf of Mexico, describing the gulf and 
 
 Windward passages, coasts of Florida, Louisiana and Mexico, bay of Hon- 
 duras and Musquito shore; likewise the coast of the Spanish main to the 
 mouths of the Orinoco. Drawn chiefly from the surveys of mr. Anthy. 
 De Mayne, r. n. , the new Spanish charts, etc . . . Additions and correc- 
 tions from the surveys of captns. R. Owen & E. Barnett, lieut. G. B. 
 Lawrance and mr. J. Parsons, mast. r. n. to 1862, and various other 
 authorities to 1866. 4 sheets each 24x37. London, 1824-1867. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Charts nos. 392a-392d] . 
 
 Note. — Inset: Chart of the Virgin islands. 
 
 1867. Map of the island of Cuba. 4x9. 
 
 [In Mitchell (Samuel Augustus). Mitchell's new general atlas, fol. Philadelphia. 
 
 S. A. Mitchell, jr., 1867. no. 55]. 
 Note. — Inset to: " Map of Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies." 
 
 1868. Map of the island of Cuba, with Porto Eico & Jamaica to accompany "A hand- 
 
 book for Havana and guide for travellers in the West Indies." 11^x15^. 
 [In Tyng (C. D.) The stranger in the tropics. 12°. New York, American news co. 
 1868. atendl. 
 
 1869-88. Croquis geologico de la isla de Cuba por d. Manuel Fernandez de Castro 
 ampliado por d. Pedro Salterain y Legarra, ingenieros de minas, 1869-83. 
 Escala de 1/2.000000. 17x26^. 
 
 [In Congrfes international des am^ricanistes. Actas de la cuarta reunion, 1881. 8°. 
 Madrid, imprenta de Fortanet, 1883. v. 2, at end] . 
 
 Same. 
 
 [In Spain. Comisi6n del mapa geol6gico. Boletin. 8°. Madrid, M. Tello, 1884. v. 
 11, at end]. 
 
 1870. Island of Cuba. From H. H. Lloyd & co.'s Atlas of the United States. 13^x16. 
 
 [In Warner & Higgins. Atlas of Edgar county and the state of Illinois, fol. Phila- 
 delphia, Warner & Higgins, 1870. p. 9] . 
 
 1871. Cuba, West Indies. Port of Santiago de Cuba. From a Spanish survey. Cor- 
 
 rected to 1871. 25xl7|. Washington, 1871. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 
 Chart no. 318] . 
 Note. — Inset: View of the entrance. 
 
 1871. Isla de Cuba. Eubio, Grilo y Vitturi, editores. B. Cuaranta lit'o. 7x10. 
 
 [In Penzuela (Jacobo de la). Cr6nica de las Antillas. 8°. Madrid, Rubio, Gribo & 
 Vitturi, 1871: Cr6nica general de Espana. v. 12, pt. 1, bet. pp. 6-7] . 
 
 1871. West Indies and Central America. E. Weller sculp. 7|xlO|. 
 
 [In Butler (Samuel, bishop of Lichfield and Coventry). An atlas of modern geography. 
 8°. London, Longmans Green & CO. 1871. no. 28]. 
 
 1872. Cuba. 9|xl2^. 
 
 [Ill Mitchell (Samuel Augustus). Mitchell's new general atlas, fol. Philadelphia, 
 
 S. A. Mitchell, 1873, no. 63i]. 
 Note. — Copyrighted in 1872. 
 
I 
 
 488 HA]?JDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1872. Mapa de la isla de Cuba en 1872. Arreglado a la ultima division territorial con 
 
 las lineas de telegrafos, cables submarinos, ferro-carriles, y derroteros de 
 A^apores niaritimos, por d. Enrique de Arantave. J. M. Penulas, grabo. 
 Havana. 12x18. Madrid, centro litogrdfico de la Nacion, 1872. 
 
 1873. Cuba. Western portion. Republished from Brit. admy. chart no. 2579, cor- 
 
 rected to Nov. 1873. 24|x37. Washington, 1873. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 516] . 
 
 1873. Geographical and topographical map of the island of Cuba, by the honorary 
 auditor of the marine d. Esteban Pichardo. Republished in the office of 
 the chief of engineers, U. S. A. Nov. 27"^ 1873. Matanzas, Habana, 8^ 
 24x33J. 
 
 [United states. War department. Engineer corps] . 
 
 1873. West Indies. Cuba. Eastern portion. Republished from Brit, adm^ chart 
 
 no. 2580, corrected to Nov. 1873. 24Jx37i Washington, 1873. 
 [United States. Navy department. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 517] . 
 
 1874. Case's map of the United States, British provinces, Mexico and part of the 
 
 West Indies. 60x70. Hartford, 0. D. Case & co., 1874. 
 
 1874. The granger's map of the United States, British provinces, West Indies, Mex- 
 ico and Central America. [By Gaylord Watson]. 38x50. Chicago, 
 Watson's Chicago branch, 1874. 
 
 1874. Map of the island of Cuba, eastern portion. Compiled in the office of the chief 
 of engineers, U. S. army. 1874. Photo-lith. by J. Bien. N. Y. 25Jx38i 
 [United States. War department. Engineer corps] . 
 
 1874. Map of the island of Cuba, western portion. Compiled in the office of the 
 chief of engineers. U. S. Army, 1874. Photolith. by J. Bien, N. Y. 
 25Jx38i 
 
 [United States. War department. Engineer corps]. 
 
 1874. Mapa fisico politico itinerario de la isla de Cuba. Acompanado de varios 
 pianos particulares y de noticias estadisticas, por d. Jos^ Maria de la 
 Torre . . . Edicion dedicada al sor d. Guillermo C. Downs. 50x67. 
 New York, G. W. & C. B. Colton & co. 1874. 
 Note.— Pictorial border. 
 
 1874. Topographical map of the island of Cuba, compiled from the most reliable 
 
 Spanish authorities by J. Schedler . . . 22x33. New York, E. Steiger, 
 1874. 
 
 Note.— Insets. Map of Central America and the West Indies showing the relative 
 position of the island of Cuba. — City and harbor of Havana. 
 
 1875. Cuba. 9^x12^ 
 
 [Jw Mitchell (Samuel Augustus). Mitchell's new general atlas, fol. Philadelphia. 
 
 S. A. Mitchell, 1876. no. 102]. 
 Note.— Copyrighted in 1875. 
 
 1875. Isla de Cuba. Carta geotopografica . . . Por d. Esteban Pichardo . . . 
 - Escalas 200.000. 36 sheets each 21x23. [Habana, 1875]. 
 
 Note.— Sheets 33-34 (i. e. title-page and Puerto Rico) supplied by photographic repro- 
 duction from U. S. War department copy. 
 
 1875. Isla de Cuba. Piano de las Villas y Departamento Central. 18x25f . 
 
 [7?i Habana (Jose Gutierrez de la Concha y de Irigiyen, marques de la). Memoria 
 sobre la guerra de la isla de Cuba y sobre su estado politico y econ6mico desde abril 
 de 1874 hasta marzo de 1875. 8°. Madrid, R. Labajos, 1875. at end]. 
 
 1876. Mar de las Antillas. Hoji I. Carta de la isla de Cuba, segun los trabajos ejecu- 
 
 tados hasta el dia, por los sres. Churruca, Ceballos, Laborde, Barcaiz- 
 tegui, Ferrer, Ugarte, La Rigada, Del Rio Cosa, Moreno, Diaz Herrera, 
 Aragon, Serrarya Mayoral, y otros. J. Riudanets la construyo. M. Ro- 
 driguez la grabo. Corregida en 1876. 23|x39. Madrid, 1866. 
 [Spain. Ministerio de marina. Direcci6n de hidrografia] . 
 
HANDBOOK OP CUBA. 489 
 
 1876. Piano telegrd,fico de la yala de Cuba con la division territorial, lineas telegrafi- 
 cas oficiales y particulares cables submarinos, ferro-carriles y derroteros de 
 vapores, por d. Enrique de Arantave. 16|x27. New York, 1876. 
 Note. — Gives "Cuadro general de las estaciones telegrafiuas en 1876." 
 
 1876. West India islands and Caribbean sea. Sheet I. Comprising Florida strait, 
 Bahama islands and the Greater Antilles, compiled from the most recent 
 surveys, 1876. 25Jx37i London, 1876. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 761] . 
 
 1876. West India islands and Caribbean sea. Sheet II. Comprising the Lesser 
 Antilles and coasts of Venezuela and New Granada, from gulf of Paria to 
 omlf of Darien. Compiled from the most recent surveys, 1876. 24|x37|. 
 London, 1876. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 762] . 
 
 1876. West Indies and Central America. Drawn by F. A. Gray. Engraved by J. M. 
 Atwood. 12x15. 
 
 [In Gray (O. W.) & son. The national atlas, fol. Philadelphia, O. W. Gray & son, 
 
 1876. no. 123] . 
 
 Note. — Inset: The Bermuda islands (British). 
 
 1876. William's [G. W.] copper-plate map of the United States, Canada, Mexico, 
 
 Central America, West Indies, etc. 63x63. Philadelphia, J. M. Atwood, 
 [1876]. 
 
 1877. Antilles. 7|xlO|-. 
 
 [In Fayard de la Bruyfere (Jean Artheme) and Baralle (Alphonse). Atlas universel 
 fol. Paris, A. Fayard, 1877. bet. pp. 382-383]. 
 
 1877. West India islands and Caribbean sea. Sheet III. Comprising the coast of 
 Central America with the off-lying dangers extending to Jamaica, com- 
 piled from the most recent surveys, 1876. 24^x32. London, 1877. 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 763] . 
 
 1877. West Indies and Central America. Drawn by F. A. Gray. Engraved by J. M. 
 Atwood. 12x15. 
 
 [ Jn Gray (O. W.) & son. The national atlas, fol. Philadelphia, O. W. Gray & son, 
 
 1877. no. 123]. 
 
 Note. — Inset: The Bermuda islands (British). 
 
 1877. West Indies, Cuba. Western portion republished from Brit, admty. chart no. 
 
 2579, corrected to 1877. 24^x37^. Washington, 1877. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 516] . 
 
 1878. Cuba. 9Jxl2f. 
 
 [In Mitchell (Samuel Augustus). Mitchell's new general atlas, fol. Philadelphia, 
 S. A. Mitchell, 1878. no. 102]. 
 
 1878. Cuba. Eastern portion. Republished from Brit. admy. chart no. 2580, cor- 
 
 rected to Jan. , 1878. 22^x37. Washington, 1878. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 517] . 
 
 1879. Cuba. 9Jxl2J. 
 
 [/m Mitchell (Samuel Augustus). Mitchell's new general atlas, fol. Philadelphia, 
 S. A. Mitchell, 1879. no. 102] . 
 
 1879. Isla de Cuba. Costa meridional. Piano del puerto de Casilda, Masio, y demas 
 fondeaderos adyacentes A la ciudad de Trinidad, segun los datos mas re- 
 cientes. J. Riudavet lo construyo y delineo. 12^x18^. Madrid, 1879. 
 [Jw Spain. Ministerio de m.arina. Direcci6n de hidrografia. Chart no. 759] . . 
 Note. — Inset: Muelles de Casilda. 
 
 1879. Isla de Cuba. Piano de la ciudad y puerto de la Habana segun los trabajos 
 espafioles m^s recientes. J. Noguera lo construyo. F. Fungairifio lo 
 grabo. S. Bregante g? la letra. 25x39. Madrid, 1879. 
 
 [Spain. Ministerio de marina. Direccion de hidrografia. no. 218 A] . 
 
490 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1880. Cuba. 9^x12 J. 
 
 [In ilitchell (Samuel Augustus). Mitchell's new general atlas, fol. Philadelphia, 
 Bradley & eo. 1880. no. 102] . 
 
 1880. Mapa geologico y topogrdfico en bosquejo de las jurisdicciones de la Habana 
 
 y Guanabacoa (Isla de Cuba) por el ingeniero jefe del cuerpo de minas 
 d. Pedro Salterain y Legarra 1880. Escala de 1/2000.000. 9x12. 
 
 [Spain. Comisidn del mapa geologico. Boletin. 8°. Madrid, M. Tello, 1880. v. 7, 
 
 map D at end] . 
 Note. — To accompany article on p. 1, pt. 3, "Apuntes para una descripcion flsico- 
 geologica de las jurisdicci6nes de La Habana y Guanabacoa (Isla de Cuba). By 
 Pedro Salterain. 
 
 1881. Gran carta geogrdfica-enciclop6dica de la isla de Cuba. Compilado por d. 
 
 German Gonzales. Grabada por G. Pfeifer. Lit. de G. Pfeifer, Madrid. 
 33x62. 
 
 1882. Central- Amerika und Westindien entworfen und gezeichnet von dr. Joseph 
 
 Chavanne. Maasstab 1:6.500.000. 19^x34. 
 
 [I7i Deutsche rundschau fiir geographie und statistik . . . von prof. dr. Carl Arendts. 
 
 8°. Wien, A. Hartleben, 1882. v. 4, p. 596] . 
 Note. — To accompany article on p. 542, "Der isthmus von Tehuantepec. Von H. 
 
 Seidelin Berlin." 
 Insets: Isthmus von Tehuantepec. — Isthmue von Panama. — Das Plateau v. Mexico. 
 
 Maassstab 1:1.300.000.— Isthmus von Darien. Maassstab 1:1.000.000. 
 
 1882. Cuba. 9^x12^. 
 
 [J» Mitchell (Samuel AugTistus). Mitchell's new general atlas, fol. Philadelphia, 
 Bradley & company, 1882. no. 302] . 
 
 1882. Cuba. South coast. Approaches to ports Casilda and Masio, with the adja- 
 cent anchorages. From a Spanish government chart of 1879. 13^x19. 
 London, 1882. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 98] . 
 
 Note. — Inset: Port Casilda. 
 
 1882. Ports and anchorages at the eastern end of Cuba. From Spanish government 
 surveys in 1860-74. — Yumuri bay. — Port Niquero. — Port Escondido or 
 Hidden harbour. — Port Cueva. — Port Aguacate. — Limones river. — Nagua- 
 rage. — Port Navas. — Port Sigua. — Port Boma. — Port Mata. — Port Baracoa 
 and Miel bay. — Port bay. — Guanito bay. — Port Maravi. — Port Baitiqueri. — 
 Port Cayaguaneque. — Port Taco. Engr. by Edw**. Weller. 161x24^. 
 London, 1882. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chal't no. 435] . 
 
 1882. West Indies. Cuba. Havana harbour. From the latest surveys by the 
 
 Spanish government in 1879. Corrected to 1887. 25x38. London, 1882. 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty chart no. 414] . 
 
 1883. Estrechos Bahama por donde paso la escuadra inglesa en 1762. 4x7^. 
 
 [7?i Bachillery Morales (Antonio). Cuba. 8°. Habana, M. de Villa, 1883. bet. pp. 
 30-31] . 
 
 1883. Plan del pasado sitio de la Habana, Castillo del Morro y sus cercanias. 4^x7. 
 [7« Bachiller y Morales (Antonio). Cuba. 8°. Habana, M. de Villa, 1883. bet. pp. 
 
 76-77] . 
 
 1883. Piano topogrdfico 6 ilustrado de Santiago de Cuba. Por su autor el sargento 
 1° grad." 2". del bon Cazadores de Chiclana num." 5. Manuel N. Gi- 
 menez Manin. Mayo 30, 1883. 20|x26i New York, Mayer, Merkel & 
 Ottmann, lith., 1883. 
 
 Note. — Copyrighted by Diego de Moya. 
 
 Inset views of buildings. 
 
 1883. West Indies. Ports & anchorages on the northeast coast of Cuba. From 
 Spanish government surveys in 1867-8. Port Cayo Moa. — Jaragua anchor- 
 age. — Yamaniguey & Canete anchorages. 16|xl3|-. Washington, 1883. 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 518"] . 
 
HANDBOOK OlT CUBA. 491 
 
 1883. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Port Guantanamo, or Cumberland harbor. 
 From a Spanish government survey corrected to 1881, 13x7|. Washing- 
 ton, 1883. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 377^] . 
 
 1883. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Bahia Honda. From a Spanish plan cor- 
 rected to 1883. — West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Port Mariel. From 
 a Spanish plan, corrected to 1883. 10Jxl4. Washington, 1883. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 520^] . 
 
 1883. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Port Tanamo. From a Spanish plan, cor- 
 
 rected to 1883. Port Cebollas. From a Spanish plan, corrected to 1883. 
 Washington, 1883. 
 
 [Washington. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 518'?] . 
 
 1884. Cuba. 9^x12^. 
 
 [In Mitchell (Samuel Augustus). Mitchell's new general atlas, fol. Philadelphia, 
 W. M. Bradley & bro. 1884. no. 102] . 
 
 1884. Pianos de comunicaci6nes de las provincias de la isla de Cuba con otros datos 
 relativos al ramo de correos par el sub-inspector dn. Sebastian Acosta 
 Quintana. title, 5 maps, 5 tables. 18°. Habana, J. Menendez & brothers, 
 1884. 
 1884, West Indies. Anchorages on the north coast of Cuba. Cardenas & S'^ Clara 
 bays and anchorages formed by Piedras, Mona & Monito cays. From a 
 Spanish government chart published in 1876, corrected to 1883. 17x24. 
 Washington, 1884. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
 
 Charts no. 520^] . 
 Note. — Inset: Port Cabanas. From a Spanish plan of 1829. 
 
 1884. West Indies. Cuba. Cabonico and Livisa. From a Spanish survey. 10^x13. 
 Washington, 1884. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 161J . 
 
 1884. West Indies. Cuba. Cabonico and Livisa. 7Jx8|. Washington, 1884. 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Chart no. 161] . 
 Note. — Photographic reproduction. 
 
 1884. West Indies. Cuba. Jururu. From a Spanish survey. 14xll|. Washington, 
 1884. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 158] . 
 
 1884. West Indies. Cuba. Nipe. From a Spanish survey. lOJxlSJ. Washington, 
 1884. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 160] . 
 1884. West Indies. Cuba. VitaorBita. From a Spanish survey. ISxll^^. Wash- 
 ington, 1884. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 169] . 
 
 1884. West Indies. Ports and anchorages at the eastern end of Cuba. From Span- 
 ish government surveys in 1860-74. — Yumuri bay. — Port Niquero. — Port 
 Escondido or Hidden harbor. — Port Cueva. — Port Aguacate. — Limones 
 river. Naguarage. — Port Navas. — Port Sigua. — Port Boma. — Port Mata. — 
 Port Baracoa and Miel bay. — Port Bay. — Guanito bay. — Port Maravi. — 
 Port Baitiqueri. — Port Cayaguaneque. — Port Taco. 16x23|. Washing- 
 ton, 1884. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 377»] . 
 
492 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1884. West Indies. Ports on the north coast of Cuba. From Spanish surveys cor- 
 rected to 1883. — Nuevitas del principe. — Nuevitas del pxincipe. Plan of 
 the channel on an enlarged scale. — Nuevas grandes. — Manati. — 16^x16. 
 Washington, 1884. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 6205] . 
 
 1884. West Indies. Ports on the north coast of Cuba. From Spanish government 
 
 surveys corrected to 1883. — Port Sama. — Port Yaguaneque. — Port Cana- 
 nova. — Port Naranjo. 19x14. Washington, 1884. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 519?] . 
 
 1885. West Indies. N. & S. S. Jocelyn, sc. 7|x9i 
 
 [Jn Morse (Sidney E.) A new universal atlas of the world. 4°. New Haven, N. & S. S. 
 Jocelyn, 1826] . 
 
 1886. Antilles. Echelle du 15.000.000e. Grave et imprime par Erhard, 1886. 
 
 9^x6-1-. 
 
 [/n Grande (La) encyclop^die. 8°. Paris, H. Lamirault & cie. [1885-98] . v.3, p. 204]. 
 
 1886. Map of Cuba. 2|x5. 
 
 [In Rand, McNally & co.'s pocket atlas of the world. 24°. Chicago, New York, 
 Rand, McNally & co. 1886. p. 180] . 
 
 1886. West Indies. Cuba — South coast. Port Xagua or Cienfuegos. From a 
 Spanish survey, 1836. Corrected to 1886. 24Jxl7i Washington, 1884. 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 521] . 
 
 1886. West Indies. Island of Cuba. Cape San Antonio to longitude 76 west with 
 
 adjacent part of Great Bahama bank. Compiled from the latest British 
 and Spanish charts. 1885. Drawn by C. P. Bolles, engraved by 11. C. 
 Evans, and H. T. Knight. Ed. of August, 1886. 24Jx43i Washington, 
 1886. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 947] . 
 
 1887. America Central y las Antillas. Escala 1:9.250.000. 9^x7 J. 
 
 [In Diccionario eneiclop6dico Hispano-Americano. 8°. Barcelona, Montaner & 
 Simon, 1887. v. 2, p. 314] . 
 
 1887. Cuba — North coast. Port IMatanzas. From Spanish surveys. Corrected to 
 1883. Large corrections . . . Nov'. 87. J. Walker sculpt. 7x9J. 
 [London], 1882-87. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 416]. 
 
 1887. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Port of Santiago de Cuba. From a Span- 
 ish survey in 1863, corrected for the latest information 1887. Drawn by 
 M. Franke, engraved by M. Franke and E. A. Ruebsam. 21|xl6. Wash- 
 ington, 1887. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 
 Chart no. 1003] . 
 Note. — Inset: View of the entrance. 
 
 1889. IMap of Havana, Cuba. 8^x121^. 
 
 [7w Campbell (Beau). Around the corner to Cuba. 12°. New York, C. G. Crawford, 
 1889. at end] . 
 
 1889. Trayectoria del ciclon de Septiembre de 1888 a traves de la isla de Cuba. 
 
 9^xl2|. IMexico, lit. del Timbre, [1889]. 
 1889. West India islands. Islands and banks between San Salvador and San 
 
 Domingo. Principally from the surveys of commander Richard Owen 
 
 and the officers of H. M. S. Blossom, 1829-1832. Engr. by Edw? Wellpr. 
 
 25x46^. London, 1889. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 1266] . 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 493 
 
 1889. West Indies. Cuba. Havana harbour. From the latest surveys published 
 
 by the Spanish government in 1899. Corrected to 1887. Large correc- 
 tions, March 1885, July 1889. Engraved by E. Weller. Natural scale 
 1/7855. 24|x38. London, 1882. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 414] . 
 
 1890. Mapa de Cuba y Puerto-Rico. 24^x33. 
 
 [In Castillo (Rafael del). Gran diccionario geogrAflco, estadlstico 6 hist6rico de 
 Espana y sus provincias. 8°. Barcelona, Heinrich & ca. 1890. v. 2, at end] . 
 
 1890. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. El Portillo. From a survey in 1889 by 
 
 the officers of- the U. S. S. Yantic. Commander C. H. Rockwell, U. S. N., 
 comd'g. Drawn by A. Klakring. Engraved by M. Franke and C. A. 
 Kolb. 18Jx22J. Washington, 1890. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 1196] . 
 
 1890-1900. Map of the city of Havana. Casos de fiebre amarilla. Ano 1890-1900. 
 M. C. Gorgas, major & surgeon U. S. A., chief sanitary officer. Julius 
 Bien & co. photo, lith. each lljxl5. 
 
 [In United States. War department. Annual reports 1900. Report of the military 
 governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 
 1901. V. 1, pt. 2, nos. 40-50] . 
 
 1891. Mexique, Amerique centrale et Antilles; dresse sous la direction de J. Migeon, 
 
 . par Ch. Lacoste, grav6 par L. Smith, ecrit par A. Bizet. Echelles 
 1:12.950.000. 12ixl6|. Paris, Migeon, [1891]. 
 
 [In Desbuissons (L.) and others. Nouvel atlas illustr^. Geographic unlverselle. 
 
 Texte par m. A. Martineau. fol. Paris, [J. Migeon] , 1891. no. 57]. 
 Note. — Ornamented by an engraved view of the city of Mexico. 
 
 1891. West Indies. Cuba. Harbor of Havana. From the most recent Spanish 
 surveys to 1887. Extensive corrections Oct., 1891. 24|x38J. Washington, 
 1882. 
 
 [Uifited States. Navy department. Bureau of equipmient. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 307] . 
 
 1891. West Indies — Cuba. Port of Santiago de Cuba. From a Spanish government 
 survey 1863. Engraved by Edwd. Weller. Large corrections May 1872, 
 Novr. 1891. 24^x18. London, 1878-91. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 443] . 
 
 Note. — Inset: View of the entrance. — El portillo. 
 
 1891. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Bahia Honda. From a Spanish plan 
 
 corrected to 1883. — West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Port Mariel. 
 From a Spanish plan, corrected to 1883. Extensive corrections Apr., 
 1891. 10ixl4i. Washington, 1883. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart 520i>] . 
 
 1892. Cuba. 12|xl9J. 
 
 [In Rand, McNally & co.'s enlarged business atlas and shippers' guide. 22ded. fol. 
 Chicago, Rand, McNally & CO. 1892. p. 20] . 
 
 1892. Piano de la Habana por d. Esteban T. Pichardo; reproduccion autorizada por 
 el autor. Escala 1/10,000. 10|:xl6. 
 
 [In Diccionario enciclopddico Hispano-Americano. 8°. Barcelona, Montaner & Simon, 
 1892. v. 10, bet. pp. 8-9]. 
 
 1892. West Indies. Cuba. Port Sagua la Grande. From Spanish surveys in 1858 
 and 1861. Drawn by A. Klakring. Engr. by M. Francke, R. A. Daniel 
 and A. W. Helmsen. 29Jx31. Washington, 1892. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 1311] . 
 
 1892. West Indies. Cuba. South coast. Jucaro anchorage. From Spanish surveys 
 to 1891. 15x10. Washington, 1892. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 1337] . 
 
494 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1892. The West Indies with the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean sea. Compiled from 
 the latest information. Drawn by A. C. Roberts. Engr. by W. M. Dougal 
 and A. C. Ruebsam. 31^-x50|. Washington, 1892. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 1290] . 
 
 1894. Map of the city of Havana . . . 11^x15. 
 
 [In Prince (John C.) Cuba illustrated. 6th ed. New York, N. Thompson & co. [1894]. 
 front.] 
 
 1894. Mapa de la isla de Cuba, por el doctor Manuel Pruna Santa Cruz. 9^x24. 
 Habana, Castro, Fernandez y ca. 1894. 
 
 1894. West Indies. Ports on the north coast of Cuba. From Spanish surveys cor- 
 
 rected to 1883. Port Gibara. — Port Banes. — Port Padre. — Port Bariay. 
 Extensive corrections Feb. 1894. 142x15^. Washington, 1884. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 619''] . 
 
 1895. Cuba in 1895. 14x18^. London, J. D. Potter. 
 
 [In Cuban committee in London. The resolution in Cuba. Issued by the Cuban 
 
 committee in London. 8°. [London, 1895?] front.] 
 Note. — Inset: The West Indies and their relation to tlje coasts of North and South 
 
 America. 
 
 1895. Lageplan von Havana. Massstab 1:81000. 2^x3^ 
 
 [In Meyers konversations-lexicoii. 5 te aufl. 8°. Leipzig und Wien, bibliographi- 
 sches institut, 1895. v. 8, p. 475] . 
 
 1895. Croquis geologico de una estrecha zona de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba. 
 
 V. Pellitero. Escala 1/400.000 horizontales, 1/60.000 verticales. 8Jxl4. 
 [Spain. Comisi6n del mapa geol6gico. Boletin. 8°. Madrid, M. Tello, 1895. v. 20, 
 
 at end] . 
 Note. — To accompany article on p. 1, pt. 2, "Apuntes geol6gicos referentes al itine- 
 rario de Sagua de Tanamo & Santa Catalina de GuantS.namo en la isla de Cuba por d. 
 Valentin Pellitero." *" 
 
 1896. An accurate map of the West Indies with the adjacent coast of America. 1796. 
 
 D. Martin, sculpt. 14x1 7f. 
 
 [In Reid (John, publisher). The American atlas, fol. New York, J. Reid, 1796. 
 no. 20] . 
 
 1896. Carte de I'ile de Cuba. 1896. Echelle : 1/2.000.000. 8^x23. 
 
 [In Annales de g6ographie. 1898. 8°. Paris, A. Colin & cie. [1898] . v. 7, p. 288] . 
 Note. — To accompany article on p. 281. 
 
 1896. Carte generate de I'ile de Cuba. Dressee d'apres les documents officiels les 
 plus recents, indiquant la marche de I'arm^e r^volutionnaire et les lignes 
 fortifi^es espagnoles "la trocha del Mariel," et "la trocha del Jucaro." 
 Par V. Mestre Amdbile. Hector de Saavedra, dibujo. Eschelle de 
 1:2.000.000. 14x24|. Paris, 1896. 
 
 [In Mestre AmAbile (V.) La question cubaine et le conflit hispano-am6ricain. 8°. 
 Paris, 6, chauss^e d'Antin, 1896. at end]. 
 
 1896. Cronica de la guerra de Cuba de la rebelion de Filipinas. Provincia- de Pinar 
 del Rio, Isla de Cuba. Il|xl54. 
 
 [In Guerrero (Rafael). Cr6nica de la guerra de Cuba y de la rebelion de Filipinas, 
 1895-96. 8°. Barcelona, M. Maucci, 1895-97. v. 4, bet. pp. 464-465] . 
 
 1896. Croquis de la provincia de la Habana formado por el e.m. de la capitania gene- 
 ral de la Isla de Cuba y estampado en colores por el Deposito de la guerra 
 1896; Escala aproximada de 1:100.000. 2 sheets each 37x26. [Madrid, 
 imprenta y litografia del Deposito de la guerra?] 1896. 
 [Spain. Ministerio de la gnerra] . 
 
 1896. Croquis de la provincia de Matanzas, formado por el e. m. de la capitania gene- 
 ral de la isla de Cuba y ampliado y estampado en colores por el Deposito 
 de la guerra 1896. Escala aproximada de 1:200.000 22x29. [Madrid, 
 imprenta y litografia del Deposito de la guerra?] 1896. 
 [Spain. Ministerio de la guerra] . 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 495 
 
 1896. Croquis de la provincia de Pinar del Kio, formado por el e. m, de la capitania 
 general de la isla de Cuba ampliado y estampado en colores por el Deposito 
 de la guerra 1896. Escala aproximada de 1: 225.000. 2 sheets each 37x26. 
 [Madrid, Imprenta y litografia del Dep6sito de la guerra?] 1896. 
 [Spain. Ministerio de la guerra] . 
 
 1896. Croquis de la provincia de Puerto Principe, formado por el e. m. de la capitania 
 general de la isla de Cuba ampliado y estampado en colores por el Depoeito 
 de la guerra 1896. Escala aproximada de 1: 275.000. 2 sheets each 37x26. 
 [Madrid, imprenta y litografia del Deposito de la guerra?] 1896. 
 [Spain. Ministerio de la guerra] . 
 
 1896. Croquis de la provincia de Santa Clara, formado por el e. m. de la capitania 
 general de la isla de Cuba y ampliado y estampado en colores por el Depo- 
 sit© de la guerra 1896. Escala aproximada de 1:250.000. 2 sheets each 
 29i-x26J. [Madrid, imprenta y litografia del Deposito de la guerra?] 1896. 
 [Spain. Ministerio de la guerra] . 
 
 1896. Cuba. South coast. Approaches to ports Casilda and Masio, with the adja- 
 cent anchorages. From a Spanish government chart of 1879. Extensive 
 corrections Nov. 1896. 18x20. Washington, 1882. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrograjvbie office. 
 
 Chart no. 916] . 
 Note.— Inset: Port Casilda. 
 
 1896. Cuba en 1896. Publicado por la imprenta "America." 14^x19^. New York, 
 G. W. & C. B. Colton & co. 1896. 
 
 [In Pierra (Fidel G.) Cuba. Physical features of Cuba, her past, present, and possi- 
 ble future. 8°. New York, S. Figueroa, 1896. front.] 
 
 1896. [Map of Cuba]. 7^x12^. 
 
 [In Cabrera (Raimundo) . Cuba and the Cubans; tr. from the eighth Spanish edition 
 of "Cuba y sus jueces", by L. Guitcras. 12°. Philadelphia, the Levy type co. 1896. 
 at end] . 
 
 1896. Map of Cuba showing oflBcial political divisions. E. F. Fisk. 6x12^. 
 
 [In Rowan (Andrew Summers) and Ramsey (Marathon Montrcse). The island of 
 Cuba. 16°. New York, H. Holt & co. 1896. front.] 
 
 1896. Map of Cuba showing popular divisions. E. F. Fisk.- 6xl2J. 
 
 [In Rowan (Andrew Summers) and Ramsey (Marathon Montrose). The islfflad- oi 
 Cuba. 16°. New York, H. Holt & co. 1896. bet. pp. 4-5] . 
 
 1896. New map of Cuba. 36x53^. New York, J. S. Bryan, 1896. 
 
 Note.— Pictorial border. 
 1896. West Indies. Cuba, north coast. Port Matanzas. From a Spanish govern- 
 ment survey 1892. Engr. by Edw'^. Weller. 19x25f . London, 1896. 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 424] . 
 
 1896. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Port Santa Cruz del Sur. From a Span- 
 ish survey in 1894. Drawn by J. D. Cleary. Engr. by A. G. Erni and 
 J. C. Forrest. 23^x15. Washington, 1896. 
 
 [United States. Navy Department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 1523] . 
 
 1896. West Indies. The island of Cuba. Compiled from the following sources of 
 
 information: Chart of the island of Cuba, published in 1874 by the office 
 of the chief of engineers, U. S. army. Map of the island of Cuba, in 36 
 sheets, printed by the Spanish government. British admiralty charts 
 nos. 1217, 2009, 2579 and 2580. 2 sheets each 25Jx37f. Washington, 
 1896. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of navigation. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 1550] . 
 
 1897. Antillen. Massstab 1:10.000.000. 8ixl0f. 
 
 [In Brockhaus' konversations-lexikon. 14te aufl, 8°. Leipzig, F. A. Brockhaus, 1896. 
 V. 1, bet. pp. 692-693]. 
 
496 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1897. Croquis de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba, formado per el e. m. de la capita- 
 
 nia general de la isla de Cuba ampliado e estampado en colores por el Depo- 
 
 sito de la guerra 1897. Escala aproximada de 1:250.000. 2 sheets each 
 
 39ix24|^. [Madrid, imprenta y litografia del Deposito de la guerra?] 1897. 
 
 [Spain. Ministerio de la guerra] . 
 
 1897. Cuba. North coast. Cay Frances anchorage. For the port of San Juan de 
 Remedias. From a Spanish survey in 1829. — Cuba, north coast. Cay 
 Confites anchorage. From a Spanish survey in 1832. — Isle of Pines. 
 Puerto Frances. By the officers of h. m. s. Steady, 1863. Extensive cor- 
 rections, June, 1897, Dec, 1897. 15xl8J. London, 1884-97. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. BurSau of navigation. Hj-drographic ofi&ce. 
 Chart no. 270] . 
 
 1897. Karte von Cuba. Massstab 1:1,500.000. 2 sheets each 11^x16. 
 
 [Tn Deutsche rundsehau flir geographie und statistik . . . von prof. dr. Friedrich 
 
 Umlauft. 8°. V^ien, A. Hartleben, 1897. v. 19, pp. 48, 96] . 
 Note. — To accompany article on p. 32, "Die insel Cuba," signed Victor Levy. 
 
 1897. Map and history of Cuba from the latest and best authorities ... By E. 
 
 Hannaford. 32 pp., 1 fold. map. 24°. Springfield, 0., Mast, Crowell & 
 
 Kirkpatrick, 1897. 
 1897. Mapa de la isla de Cuba. 18x35. Philadelphia, J. L. Smith, 1897. 
 Note. — Inset: Province of Havana. — City of Habana. 
 
 1897. Mapa del teatro de la guerra de Cuba comprendiendo la mitad occidental de la 
 isla desde Santa Clara hasta el cabo de San Antonio. Dibujado por d. 
 Jose Riudavets y Cudury segun los datos mds completes publicados hasta 
 el dia y editado por la empresa de la iluBtracion Espanola y Americana. 
 J. Dominguez grabo. 1:800,000. 19x31. Madrid, tipolitografia, "suce- 
 sores de Eivadeneyra," [1897]. 
 1897. Mapa del teatro de la guerra de Cuba comprendiendo la mitad oriental de la 
 isla desde Santa Clara hasta la punta Maysi. Dibujado por d. Jose Riu- 
 davets y Cudury segun los datas mas completes publicados hasta el dia y 
 editado par la empresa de la ilustracion Espanola y Americana. J. Do- 
 minguez, grabo. 1:800,000. 19x31. Madrid, tipolitografia, "sucesores 
 deRivadeneyra", [1897]. 
 1897. Military map of the island of Cuba . . . From the latest official sources. 1897. 
 Scale: 1:500,000. 4 sheets each 30Jx23J. Washington, 1897. 
 
 [United States. War department. Adjutant general's office. Military information 
 
 division] . 
 Note. — Printed on cotton. 
 Sheets no. 1, 2, 4 drawn by C. H. Ourand; no. 3 by W. Morey, jr. 
 
 1897. Westindien und Zentral-Amerika. Massstab 1 : 12000000. 8x10 J. 
 
 [In Meyers konversations-lexikon. 5te aufl. 8°. Leipzig und Wien, Bibliographi- 
 sches institut, 1897. v-17, bet. pp. 690-691] . 
 
 1898? War map of Cuba, the world, the West Indies . . . Map of Cuba. Scales 69. 
 16=1 degree. Kilometres 111307=1 degree. 12Jxl9|-.— . . . Map of the 
 West Indies. Scales. Statute miles, 69.16=1 degree. Kilometres, 111.307=1 
 degree. 12^x19. Chicago, Rand, McNally & co. [1898?] 
 Note. — Pocket map. 
 
 1898. Atlas of ports, cities, and localities of the island of Cuba. Containing repro- 
 
 ductions of maps, charts, and plans obtained from the United States Con- 
 gressional library. Coast and geodetic survey, Hydrographic office. Engineer 
 dept. U. S. army; also Picardo's map of the island of Cuba, and other 
 sources. 701. incl. 140 maps. obi. fol. Washington, 1898, 
 [United States. War department. Adjutant general's office] .. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. - 497 
 
 1898. . . . Map of Cuba. 12Jxl5i. New York, Colton, Ohman & co. 1898. 
 Note. — Supplement Utica Daily Press. 
 
 1898. Cuba . . . 14|:x30|. Philadelphia, the McConnell school supply co. 1898. 
 
 Note. — Inset: Map of the United States. 
 1898. Cuba. Part of chart "E", special edition. Date of publication July 1898. 
 Scale 1:200,000. 16|x41. Washington, 1898. 
 
 [United states. Treasury department. Coast and geodetic survey. Chart no. 482] . 
 
 Note. — Aids to navigation corrected for information received to Sep. 9, 1898. 
 
 Same. 
 
 Note. — Aids to navigation corrected for information received to Aug. 14, 1899. 
 
 1898. Cuba. Scales. Statute miles 69.16=1 degree. Kilometres, 111,307=1 degree. 
 12^x19. Chicago, Rand, McNally & co. 1898. 
 
 [In Rand, McNally & co.'s indexed atlas of the world. 2 v. fol. Chicago, Rand, 
 
 McNally & co. [1898] . v. 2, p. 187] . 
 Note. — Inset: Port of Santiago. — Port of Cienfuegos. 
 
 1898. Cuba, Jamaica and the Bahama islands. S^xlOi. Buffalo, the Matthews- 
 Northrup co. 1898. 
 
 Note.— Copyright, 1898, by Dodd, Mead & company. 
 
 1898. [Havana harbor, showing the position of the "Maine"]. The Norris Peters 
 CO., photo-litho. 14x8J. Washington, [1898]. 
 
 [In U. S. Congress. Senate. 55th Congress. 2d session. Report of the committee on 
 foreign relations . . . relative to affairs in Cuba. 8°. Washington, government 
 printing office, 1898. at end] . 
 
 1898. Havana province — Cuba. Drawn by W. Morey, jr. 23|x39. [Washington], 
 1898. 
 
 [United States. War department. Adjutant general's office. Military information 
 division] . 
 
 1898. Lee's Spanish- American war chart. 8°. Chicago, Laird & Lee, [1898]. 
 1898. [Map of Cuba]. George Philip & son. 8xl8|. New York, C. Scribner's 
 sons, [1898]. 
 
 [In Davey (Richard Patrick Boyle). Cuba past and present. 8°. New York, C. 
 Scribner's sons, 1898. at end] . 
 1898. Map of Cuba showing territorial divisions established by Cuban republic of 
 1895-98. Accompanying "Commercial Cuba", by William J. Clark, 
 New York, 1898. 8^x13. 
 
 [iw Clark (William J.) Commercial Cuba. 8°. New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1898. 
 bet. pp. 176-177] . 
 1898. Map of Havana and Havana harbor, showing the fortifications and public 
 buildings. Corrected to May 3, 1898. 9|xl4i New York, G. H. Buek 
 & CO. 1898. 
 
 Note.— Supplement to the Boston Sunday Herald, Sunday, May 22, 1898. 
 
 1898. Map of the seat of war, issued by the Evening Star. Showing the only prac- 
 tical method by which the movements of the warships of both nations 
 can be accurately followed from day to day. 13}xl9|. New York, G. H. 
 
 Buek, 1898. 
 
 Note.— Supplement to the Evening Star, Washington, D. C, April 28, 1898. 
 
 1898. Map of the seat of war . . . Showing the only practical method by which the 
 movements of the war ships of both nations can be accurately followed 
 from day to day. 13^x20. New York, G. H. Buek & co. [1898]. 
 Note.— Same as above with exception of slight changes. 
 
 1898. Mapa de la isla de Cuba. 18ix34i. Philadelphia, J. L. Smith, 1898. 
 Note.— Insets: Province of Havana.— City of Habana. 
 
 159a— 05 32 
 
498 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1898. The Matthews-Northrup up-to-date map of Cuba, Jamaica and Porto Eico, with 
 general map of the West Indies. Scale of English statute miles 36 miles to 
 one inch. 15xl9J. Buffalo, the Mattliews-Northrup co. 1898. 
 Note. — Also carries title "The New York Mail and Express war maps." 
 
 Same. 
 Same. 
 
 Note. — Verso carries title " Philadelphia Press war maps." 
 
 Verso carries title "The Richmond Dispatch war maps." 
 
 Each of the above maps contains the following insets: West Indies. — Porto Rico. — 
 Havana. — Matanzas. — Cienfuegos. — Santiago de Cuba. 
 
 1898. The Matthews-Northrup up-to-date map of Cuba, Jamaica and Porto Rico, 
 with general map of the West Indies. Scale of English statute miles. 36 
 miles to one inch. 15^x20. Buffalo, the Matthews-Northrup co. 1898. 
 [Indexed vest pocket series] . 
 Note. — Inset maps of — Porto Rico. — West Indies.— Havana. — Matanzas. — Cienfuegos. — 
 
 Santiago de Cuba. 
 Verso contains index. 
 
 1898. Military map of Habana and vicinity. Drawn by C. H. Ourand. 26^x35. 
 
 [In United States. War department. Adjutant general's office. Military informa- 
 tion division. Military notes on Cuba. 12°. [Washington, government printing 
 office, 1898. at end] . 
 
 1898. jVniitary map of the island of Cuba . . . From the latest official sources. 
 Scale 1:250,000. 8 sheets each 39x23|. [Washington], 1898. 
 
 [United States. War department. Adjutant general's office. Military information 
 division] . 
 
 1898. . . . The mines in Havana harbor. 9f xlOI. 
 
 [In New York Journal . . . Friday, February 25, 1898] . 
 
 1898. Mines in the vicinity of Santiago de Cuba. 6x15^. 
 
 [In Clark (William J.) Commercial Cuba. 8°. New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1898. 
 bet. pp. 418-419] . 
 
 1898. Naval engagement off Santiago de Cuba July 3"'*, 1898. Sketches showing 
 and notes explaining various stages of the engagement as viewed from the 
 U. S. flagship Brooklyn also sketches showing approximate location of 
 hits visible on the Spanish vessels. Drawn by George H. Warfield, U. S. 
 navy. 23ix32J. [New York, F. A. Ringler co.?] 1898. 
 
 1898. No. 3 in the Boston journal's series of diagram maps of the navies, showing 
 the present position of the war vessels of the United States and Spanish 
 navies, April 6, 1898. 11x17. [Boston], Boston journal, 1898. 
 
 1898. Our new colonies, Cuba, Porto Rico and Philippines. 20x34|. Philadelphia, 
 J. L. Smith, 1898. 
 
 Note. — Insets: Philippine islands. — Porto Rico. — City of Habana. — Province of 
 Havana. — West Indian and Caribbean sea. 
 
 1898. "Panoramic view of Havana, showing the entrance to the harbor, and inner 
 harbor; taken from Cabanas fortress showing Morro castle on the extreme 
 right hand." 10x68. [New York, R. A. C. Smith, 1898]. 
 1898. Piano de Cardenas. 8x10^. 
 
 [In Clark (William J.) Commercial Cuba. 8°. New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1898. 
 bet. pp. 340-341]. 
 
 1898. Piano de Cardenas. 8fxlli 
 
 [/?t United States. War department. Adjutant general's office. Military information 
 
 division. Military notes on Cuba. 12°. [Washington, government printing office, 
 1898]. bet. pp. 64-65]. 
 
 1898. Piano de Cienfuegos. 8xl0i. 
 
 [In Clark (William J.) Commercial Cuba. 8°. New York, C. gcribijer's ppnp, 1898. 
 bet. pp. 364-365^. ' ' 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA 499 
 
 1898. Piano de Manzanillo. Sfxlli 
 
 [ Zw United states. War department. Adjutantgeneral's office. Military information, 
 division. Military notes on Cuba. 12°. [Washington, government printing office, 
 1898] . bet. pp. 80-81] . 
 
 1898. Piano de IMatanzas. 8xl0|. 
 
 \In Clark (William J.) Commercial Cuba. 8°. New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1838. 
 bet. pp. 328-329] . 
 
 1898. Piano de Matanzas. 8|xll|^. 
 
 [J?i United states. War department. Adjutant general's office. Military information 
 division. Military notes on Cuba. 12°. [Washington, government printing office, 
 1898] . bet. pp. 84-85] . 
 
 1898. Piano de Puerto Principe. 8x10}. 
 
 [In Clark (William J.) Commercial Cuba. 8°. New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1898. 
 bet. pp. 390-391] . 
 
 1898. Piano de Santa Clara. 8x10}. 
 
 [Jn Clark (William J.) Commercial Cuba. 8°. New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1898. 
 bet. pp. 362-363] . 
 
 1898. Piano de Santa Clara. 8^x11}. 
 
 [Jn United states. War department. Adjutant general's office. Military information 
 
 division. Military notes on Cuba. 12°. [Washington, government printing office, 
 1898] . bet. pp. 92-95] . 
 
 1898. Plario de Santiago de Cuba. 8x10^ 
 
 [In Clark (William J.) Commercial Cuba. 8°. New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1898. 
 bet. pp. 428-429] . 
 
 1898. Piano de Santiago de Cuba. 8|xll}. 
 
 [/w United states. War department. Adjutant general's office. Military information 
 
 division. Military notes on Cuba. 12°. [Washington, government printing office, 
 1898. bet. pp. 96-97] . 
 
 1898. Piano de Trinidad. 8|xlli. 
 
 [7w United states. War department. Adjutant general's office. Military information* 
 
 division. Military notes on Cuba. 12°. [Washington, government printing office, 
 1898. bet. pp. 96-97] . 
 
 1898. Scientific American navy supplement. IVIap of Cuba. 12^x15}. New York, 
 Colton, Ohman & co. 1898. 
 
 Note. — "Navy edition of the Scientific American supplement, no. 1165." 
 
 1898. Shewey's map showing seat of Spanish- American war. 14^x20. Chicago, 
 A. C. Shewey, [1898]. 
 
 Note. — Inset: Canary islands.— Cape Verde is. 
 
 1898. Sketch map of Matanzas and vicinity. 17}x242. 
 
 [Jw United states. War department. Adjutant general's office. Military information 
 division. Military notes on Cuba. 12°. [Washington, government printing office, 
 1898]. bet. pp. 84-85] . 
 
 1898. A strategic war map of the North American continent, showing the chain of 
 fortifications that Great Britain and other European powers have linked 
 around our coast, together with all dock yards, coaling stations and sub- 
 marine cables that could be utilized against us in the event of hostilities. 
 Compiled from the latest official data by W. Nephew King. 13x9}. 
 [In Collier's weekly, 1898. v. 20, no. 17, p. 4] . 
 
 1898. United States. War department. Adjutant general's office. 
 
 Atlas of ports, cities and localities of the island of Cuba. Containing repro- 
 ductions of maps, charts and plans obtained from the United States 
 Congressional library, Coast and geodetic survey, Hydrographic office, 
 Engineer dept. U. S. army; also Pichard's map of the island of Cuba, and 
 other sources. 69 [1] 1. incl. 61 maps. obi. fol. Washington,. 1898, 
 
500 HATSTDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1898. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Entrance to Guantanamo or Cumberland 
 
 harbor. Compiled from the latest information. 16|xl7i. Washington, 
 1898. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Btireau of equipment. Hj'drographic office. 
 Chart no. 377«] . 
 
 1899. Goff's historical map of the Spanish-American war in the West Indies, 1898. 
 
 Scale — 1 inch =100 miles. 13x18. Chicago, Fort Dearborn pub. co. 1899. 
 Note.— Copyrighted, 1899, by Eugenia Wheeler Gofl and Henry Slade GofE, authors of 
 
 Goff's historical maps for schools and families. 
 Insets: Santiago campaign, June-July 1898. — Havana, city and harbor. — San Juan, 
 
 island of Puerto Rico. 
 
 1899. Cuba. 6x8. [Chicago, T. White, 1899]. 
 
 1899. Cuba. 3ix6|. [Chicago], A. Belford co. 1899. 
 
 1899. Cuba. 6^x14}. 
 
 [In Porter (Robert Percival). Industrial Cuba. 8°. New York and London, G. P. 
 Putnam's sons, 1899. bet. pp. 416-417] . 
 
 1899. Cuba, with general map of the West Indies. Scale of English statute miles. 
 36 miles to one inch. 15xl9|. Buffalo, the Matthews-Northrup co. 1899. 
 Note. — Inset: West Indies. — Havana. — Matanzas. — Cienfuegos. — Santiago de Cuba. 
 
 1899. [Cuban war map]. 9|xl3J. [Goshen, Ind., T. A. Starr, 1899]. 
 Note. — The production of the Matthews-Northrup co. 
 
 1899. Map of Cuba, its provinces, railroads, cities, towns, harbors, bays, etc., also 
 southern Florida and neighboring islands of the West Indies. 12^x19. 
 Chicago, Mast, Crowell & Kirkpatrick, [1899]. 
 Note. — Insets: Map of Havana. — Porto Rico. 
 
 1899. Map. of Cuba showing telegraph lines. 16x36. Washington, [1899]. 
 
 [United States. War department. Signal corps] . 
 
 1899. Map of the Cuban railway system. Bormay & co. engr's. 5x14. 
 
 [In Pepper (Charles Melville). To-morrow in Cuba. 12°. New York and London, 
 Harper <k brothers, 1899. p. 3] . 
 
 1899. Map of Cuba, with general map of the West Indies. 5^x7?. Buffalo, the 
 
 M[atthewsJ-N[orthrup] co. 1899. 
 1899. Piano de la isla Cuba con expresion de las carreteras construidas y en con- 
 struccion. Millas de sesenta al grado. El ingeniero jefe de la region, 
 Jose Pamelles Ogramonte. 8^x24^. Habana, 1899. 
 
 [In Cuba. Military governor. John R. Brooke, 1899. Civil report of military gov- 
 ernor, island of Cuba. [1899]. 8°. Havana, 1899. v. 2, bet. pp. 60-61]. 
 
 1899. Sketch maps of the province of Pinar del Eio. 5Jx8|. 
 
 [In Porter (Robert Percival). Industrial Cuba. 8°. New York & London, G. P. 
 Putnam's sons, 1899. bet. pp. 8-9]. 
 
 1899. Sketch map of the province of Puerta Principe. 8|x9J. 
 
 [In Porter (Robert Percival). Industrial Cuba. 8°. New York & London, G. P. 
 Putnam's sons, 1899. bet. pp. 38-39] . 
 
 1899. Sketch map of the province of Santa Clara. SjxSf. 
 
 [In Porter (Robert Percival). Industrial Cuba. 8°. New York & London, G. P. 
 Putnam's sons, 1899. bet. pp. 28-29]. 
 
 1899. Sketch map of the province of Santiago de Cuba. 8|xll|. 
 
 [In Porter (Robert Percival). Industrial Cuba. 8°. New York & London, G. P. 
 Putnam's sons, 1899. bet. pp. 44-46]. 
 
 1899. Sketch map of the provinces of Havana and Matanzas. 7f xlOJ. 
 
 [/7t Porter (Robert Percival). Industrial Cuba. 8°. New York & London, G. P. Put- 
 nam's sons, 1899. bet.pp.16-17] . 
 
 1899. Map .of the Vuelta Abajo district, province of Pinar del Rio, Cuba. Exhibit- 
 ing the situation of the extensive and valuable tobacco estates, Las Lajas, 
 Herradura, La Lena Vifiales, Pefia Blanca, Cayo San Felipe, etc. In Con- 
 solacion del Sur. 1899. 24fx21. Washington, lith, J. L. Kervand, [1899]. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 501 
 
 1899. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Daiquiri bay. From a survey by the 
 
 Spanish- American iron co. Drawn by W. E. Greene. Engraved by D. P. 
 Swope. 17^xl9i Washington, 1899. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 1816] . 
 
 1899-1900. Map of the city of Havana. Oasos de fiebre amarillo por manzanas. 
 Ano 1899-1900. M. C. Gorgas, major & surgeon U. S. A., chief sanitary 
 officer. Julius Bien & co. photo. Hth. each 11^x15. 
 
 [In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
 governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government prin.ing office, 
 1901. V. 1, pt. 2, nos. 51, 52] . 
 
 1900. Cuba, Jamaica and the Bahama islands. 8jxl0i-. [New York], Dodd, Mead 
 
 & company, 1902. 
 Note. — Inset: Havana. 
 
 1900. Estudio para el dragado de la entrada al Puerto de Cardenas. Perfil longitudi- 
 nal. 12^x67|. 
 
 [Ill Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
 tary governor of Cuba . . . 1900] . 8°. [Havana? 1900] . v. 9] . 
 
 1900. Map of the city of Havana. Muertes de nijaos menores de un alio, por man- 
 zanas. Afio 1900. M. C. Gorgas, major & surgeon U. S. A., chief sani- 
 tary oflScer. Julius Bien & co., photo, lith. ll^xlS. 
 
 [In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
 governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, goverment printing office, 1901. 
 V. 11, pt. 2, no. 53] . 
 
 1900. Map of the city of Havana. Muertes de tuberculosis por manzanas. Ano 
 1900. M. C. Gorgas, major & surgeon U. S. A., chief sanitary officer. 
 Julius Bien & co., photo, lith. Iljxl5. 
 
 [In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
 governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 
 1901. V. 1, pt. 2, no. 54]. 
 
 1900. Map showing locations of temporary field works erected by the Spanish for the 
 land defence of Havana, 1897-1898. Pichardo and Bateson. F. B. Ryons 
 and I. L. Cornell del. Scale 1 inch=1600 feet. 28gx27. Havana, ofiice 
 of chief engineer, 1900. 
 
 [In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
 governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 
 1901. V. 2, pt. 3, bet. 164-165]. 
 
 1900. Mapa de la isla de Cuba con la division por provincias, partidos judiciales y 
 zonas fiscales . . . Dibujado por Antonio E. Menendez. Traced in Dept. 
 of streets, Havana. Lit. por Pedro V. Montiel. Julius Bien & co., photo»- 
 lith. 8xl5i 1900. 
 
 [In United States. War department. Annual reports 1900. Report of the military 
 governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 
 1901. V. 2, pt. 3, at end] . 
 
 1900. Mapa mudo de la isla de Cuba. Es propiedad garantizada con arreglo a la 
 ley internacional de propiedad intelectual y se perseguirdn las ediciones 
 fraudulentas. Copyright secured in Great Britain and in all the countries 
 subscribing to the Berne convention. 24Jx31. Nueva York, D. Apple- 
 ton y compania, 1900. 
 1900. Mittel-Amerika. Bearbeitet von dr. P. Elf ert. Mittlerer massstab 1:10. 000. 000. 
 14|xl9^. Leipsig, Wagner & Debes, [1900]. 
 
 [In Debes (Ernest). Neuer hand atlas iiber alle telle der erde. 2. verm, und verb. 
 
 aufl. 2. abdruck. fol. Leipsig, H. Wagner & E. Debes, 1900. no. 57]. 
 Note. — Insets; Das thai von Mexico. — Guayana. — Das mittlere Ecuador. 
 
502 HANDBOOK OF CtJBA. 
 
 1900. Perfils transversales de los canales de entrada al Puerto de Cdrdenas. Ingeniero 
 encargado Miguel 0. Palmer. 251x1331. Matanzas, 1900. 
 
 [In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mil- 
 itary governor of Cuba .. . 1900]. 8°. [Havana? 1900] . v. 9]. 
 
 1900. Piano de la Habana. Map showing proposed paving for the city of Havana as 
 included in specifications recently drawn up. To accompany six months 
 report Dec. 31^* 1900, W. J. Barden. Lit. A. Prendes Mor^. 16ix21}. 
 Havana, Department of Cuba. Engineer department, 1900. 
 
 [In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mil- 
 itary governor of Cuba .. . 1900]. 8°. [Havana? 1900] . v. 12]. 
 
 Same. Showing track laying completed and paved. 
 
 Same. Showing work done on streets during six months ending Dec. 31^', 1900. 
 
 Same. Showing status of survey for street grades. 
 
 1900. Piano de la Provincia de Matanzas. Mostrando el camino de Matanzas d, la 
 Cidra. Ingeniero encargado Miguel Palmer. Examinado y conforme 
 Juan G. Peoli, ingeniero jefe. Escala aproximada 1:300,000. 12^^x111. 
 Matanzas, 1900. 
 
 [In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
 tary governor of Cuba . . . 1900] . 8°. [Havana? 1900] . v. 9] . 
 
 1900. Piano de la provincia de Matanzas mostrando el camino de Matanzas a la 
 Cidra. Engeniero encargado Miguel 0. Palmer. Examinado y conforme 
 Juan G. Peoli ingeniero jefe. Escala aproximada 1:450.000. 6|x6i. 
 Matanzas, 1900. 
 
 [In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
 governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 
 1902. V. 2, pt. 1, bet. pp. 130-131] . 
 
 1900. Piano de los canales de entrada al puerto de Ciirdenas. Adaptado de Pichardo. 
 El ingeniero Miguel Palmer. 72x9. Matanzas, 1900. 
 
 [hi United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
 governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 
 1902. V. 2, pt. 1, bet. pp. 130-131]. 
 
 1900. Piano de los canales de entrada al Puerto de Cdrdenas, adaptado de Pichardo. 
 El ingeniero Miguel Palmer. 12^x142. 
 
 [In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
 tary governor of Cuba . . . 1900] . 8°. [Havana? 1900] . v. 9] . 
 
 1900. Piano de nuevo desarrollo en la loma de Belis Melis del camino de Matanzas d 
 la Cidra. Miguel Palmer, ingeniero encargado. Examinado y conforme 
 Juan G. Peoli, ingeniero jefe. Escala 1:2000. Il|xl7i. Matanzas, 1900. 
 
 [In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
 governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 
 1902. V. 2, pt. 1, betw. pp. 130-131]. 
 
 1900. Piano del camino de Matanzas d Cidra. Miguel Palmer, ingeniero encargado. 
 Examinado y conforme Juan G. Peoli ingeniero jefe. Escala por metres 
 
 joVo- 25xll4i. 
 
 [In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
 tary governor of Cuba . . . 1900] . 8°. [Havana? 1900] . v. 9] . 
 
 1900. Piano del camino de Matanzas d Cidra. Miguel C. Palmer, ingeniero encar- 
 gado. Examinado y conforme Juan G. Peoli, ingeniero jefe. Escala por 
 metros 1:7500. 15|x74. 
 
 [In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
 governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washingrton, government printing office, 
 1902. v. 2, pt. 1, bet.pp.130-131] . 
 
 1900. Piano del camino de Santa Ana d la Cidra. Por el ingenio La Pargo. Miguel 
 Palmer ingeniero encargado. Examinado y conforme Juan G. Peoli 
 ingei.iero jefe. Escala ^^^Vs- 125x54^. Matanzas, 1900. 
 
 [In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1900. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
 tary governor of Cuba . . . 1900]. 8°. [Havana? 1900]. v. 9]. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 503 
 
 1900. Piano del camino de Santa Ana & la Cidra. Por el ingenio La Pargo. Miguel 
 Palmer, ingeniero encargado. Examinado y conforme, Juan G. Pjeoli 
 ingeniero jefe. Escala 1 : 7500. SJxlGj. Matanzas, 1900. 
 
 [7» United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
 governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 
 1902. V. 2, pt. 1, bet. pp. 130-131] . 
 
 1900. Piano del estudio para el dragado de la entrada al puerto de Cardenas. El 
 ingeniero Miguel C. Palmer. Escala de pies goVo- 36x78J. Cardenas, 
 1900. 
 
 [In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
 tary governor of Cuba . . . 1900] . 8°. [Havana? 1900] . v. 9] . 
 
 1900. Piano del estudio para el dragado de la entrada al puerto de Cardenas. El 
 ingeniero, Miguel C. Palmer. Escala 1 : 4500. 21x49. Cardenas, 1900. 
 [In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
 governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 
 1902. V. 2, pt. 1, bet. pp. 132-133] . 
 
 1900. Piano del ramal a Santa Ana en el camino de Matanzas a la Cidra. Escala de 
 1/7500. Ingeniero encargado, Miguel Palmer. Examinado y conforme el 
 ingeniero jefe, Juan G. Peoli. 8Jx22|. Matanzas, 1900. 
 
 [In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
 governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 
 1902. V. 2, pt. 1, bet. pp. 130-131] . 
 
 1900. Piano del ramal d Santa Ana en el camino de Matanzas a la Cidra. Ingeniero 
 encargado Miguel Palmer. Examinado y conforme el ingeniero jefe Juan 
 G. Peoli. Escala de 1/5000. 13|x34J. Matanzas, 1900. 
 
 [In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
 tary governor of Cuba ... 1900]. 8°. [Havana? 1900]. v. 9]. 
 
 1900. Piano general de las carreteras que merecen atencion preferente. Acompana 
 
 el informe anual del secretario de obras publicas. Junio de 1900. 9jx33j. 
 
 [In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
 
 governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 
 
 1902. V. 2, pt. 1, bet. pp. 8-9]. 
 
 1900. Piano general de las carreteras que merecen atencion preferente. Acompana 
 el informe anual del secretario de obras publicas. Junio de 1900. 25x69|. 
 [In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
 tary governor of Cuba ... 1900] . 8°. [Havana? 1900]. v. 9]. 
 
 1900. Pianos general de los ferrocarriles de la isla de Cuba. Acompana al informe 
 ' anual del secretario de obras publicas. Junio 1900. 13^x44. 
 
 [In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
 governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 1902. 
 V. 2, pt. 1, bet. pp. 26-27] . 
 
 1900. Piano general de los ferrocarriles de la isla de Cuba. Acompaila al informe 
 anual del secretario de obras publicas. Junio de 1900. 25x69|. 
 
 [In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
 tary governor of Cuba ... 1900] . 8°. [Havana? 1900]. v. 9]. 
 
 1900. Post route map of Cuba, showing post offices in operation on the 1st of June, 
 1900. Published by order of postmaster-general Charles Emory Smith 
 under the direction of A. von Haake, topographer P. O. dep'. 29|x62. 
 [Washington], 1900. 
 
 [United States. Post Office department. Topographer's office] . 
 
 1900. Project for Gulf and Harbor avenues and sea wall, Havana. From Torreon of 
 San Lazaro on the west to Fuerza on the east. Keclaimed areas shown by 
 shading. Prepared by Engineer department. Department of Cuba. 4x6. 
 [In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military gov- 
 ernor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 1901. 
 bet. pp. 106-107]. 
 
504 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1900. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Banes bay. From a survey in 1899 and 
 1900, by lieutenant commander G. L. Dyer, U. S. N., commanding the 
 U. S. S. Yankton. 23|x35|. Washington, 1900. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 1862] . 
 
 1900. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Nipe bay. Eastern part. From a sur- 
 vey in 1900, by the officers of the U. S. S. Yankton. Lith. by Gr. Noetzel. 
 29x38. Washington, 1900. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 1884] . 
 
 1900. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Nuevitas bay. From a survey in 1900, 
 by the officers of the U. S. S. Eagle. Lith. by R. F. Barnes. 27Jx38J. 
 Washington, 1900. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 
 Chart no. 1883] . 
 Inset: "Plan of the channel." 19ixl5:J. 
 
 1900. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Port Gibara. From a survey in 1899, by 
 the officers of the U. S. S. Eagle. Lith. by R. F. Barnes. 30x22|. Wash- 
 ington, 1900. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 1882] . 
 
 1900. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Chirivico harbor. From a survey, 
 between June 4 and June 9, 1900, by the officers of the U. S. S. Eagle. 
 Lithographed by R. F. Barnes. 28Jx22J. Washington, 1900. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 1881] . 
 
 1900. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Guantdnamo bay. From a survey in 
 1899, by the officers of the U. S. S. Eagle, lieutenant commander J. J. 
 Fletcher, U. S. N., commanding. 38|x30. Washington, 1900. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 1857] . 
 
 1900. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Santiago harbor. From a survey in 1899, 
 
 by the officers of the U. S. S. Yankton, lieutenant commander G. L. Dyer, 
 U. S. N. commanding. Drawn by R. P. Howell and H. L. Palmer. 
 Engraved by C. E. Birch and J. A. Waddey. 41Jx28|. Washington, 
 1900. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 1856]. 
 
 1901. Department of Santiago and Puerto Principe. Office department public roads. 
 
 Map and profile of Santiago-San Luis road, section iii. 6x7. 
 
 [In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
 governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 
 1901. V. 2, pt. 4. bet. pp. 106-107]. 
 
 1901. Habana y su bahia por el comandante de artilleria d. F. J. de Moya. R. 
 Garcia, g? 1:40.000. 7|x5^ 
 
 [In Moya y Jimenez (Francisco Javier de). Consideraci6nes militares sobre la cam- 
 paiia de Cuba. 8°. Madrid, imprenta del Cuerpo de artilleria, 1901. at end] . 
 
 1901. Map illustrating the Santiago campaign in the Spanish-American war, showing 
 position of troops during the last days of the seige, July, 1898. 5^x8. 
 Buffalo, the J. N. Matthews co. 1901. 
 
 Same. Buffalo, the Matthews-Northrup co. 1901. 
 
 1901. Map of the city of Havana. Casos de fiebre amarilla — afio 1890-1900. M. C. 
 Gorgas, major & surgeon U. S. A., chief sanitary officer, each 17x22J. 
 Habana, lit. de Guerra herms. y ca. 
 
 [/w Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
 tary governor of Cuba ... 1900] . 8°. [Havana? 1901]. v. 4, nos. 40-50]. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 505 
 
 1901. Map of the cicy of Havana. Cases de fiebre amarilla por manzanas — ano 1899- 
 1900. M. C. Gorgas, major & surgeon U. S. A., chief sanitary officer, 
 each 17x22J. Habana, lit. de Guerra herms. y ca. 
 
 [In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
 tary governor of Cuba .... 1900] . 8°. [Havana? 1901] . v. 4, nos. 51-52] . 
 
 1901. JVIap of the city of Havana. IMuertes de niiios menores de un ano, por man- 
 zanas — ano 1900. M. C. Gorgas, major & surgeon U. S. A., chief sanitary 
 officer. 17x22j. Habana, lit. de Guerra herms. y ca. 
 
 [In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
 tary governor of Cuba, . . . 1900] . 8°. [Havana? 1901] . v. 4, no. 53] . 
 
 1901. Map of the city of Havana. Muertes de tuberculosis por manzanas — ano 1900. 
 M. 0. Gorgas, major & surgeon U. S. A. chief sanitary officer. 17x22^. 
 Habana, lit. de Guerra herms. y ca. 
 
 [In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
 tary governor of Cuba . . . 1900] . 8°. [Havana? 1901] . v. 4, no. 54] . 
 
 1901. Piano de la Habana. Por d. Esteban T. Pichardo, agrimensor y maestro de 
 obras. Editor: d. Jose Valdepares. Map showing status of Havana elec- 
 tric r'w'y work. To accompany six month report June 30-1901, W. J. 
 Barden. Escala 1 :0. 000 . 28|x37J. Havana, office of Chief engineer, 1901. 
 [In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
 tary governor of Cuba ... 1901] . 8°. [Havana? 1901]. v. 14, no. 22]. 
 
 Same. Map showing street work. no. 25. 
 
 Same. Map showing status of city survey, no. 29. 
 
 Same. Map showing the street cleaning. Sweeping and picking, no. 45. 
 
 Same. Map showing the street sprinkling and electrozone distribution, no. 58. 
 
 Same. Map showing the parks, no. 100. 
 
 1901. Piano de la Habana por d. Esteban T. Pichardo, agrimensor y maestro de 
 obras. Ed. d. Jose Valdepares. Map showing streets repairs, renewal 
 and new paving. Julius Bien photo, litli. Escala 1:10.000. 28Jx375^. 
 Havana, office of chief engineer. 
 
 [In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
 governor of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 
 1901. V. 2, pt. 3, no. 1, bet. p. 10-11] . 
 
 Same. Map showing status of traverse work of survey for establishment of 
 
 streets grades, bet. pp. 22-23. 
 
 Same. Map showing occupied streets paved and unpaved. bet. pp. 22-23. 
 
 Same. Map showing Urbano and Torre Pla concession, bet. pp. 26-27. 
 
 Same. Map showing approved plan. bet. pp. 26-27. 
 
 Same. Map showing street sprinkling, bet. pp. 26-27. 
 
 Same. Map showing street cleaning, bet. pp. 26-27. 
 
 Same. Map showing streets cleaning. Districts as divided previous to March 
 
 1. 1900. bet. pp. 26-27. 
 Same. Map showing garbage collection, bet. pp. 34-35. 
 
 Same. Map showing water pipe distribution of Havana, bet. pp. 42-43. 
 
 Same. Dady sewer project, bet. pp. 48-49. 
 
 Same. Map showing pavements Dady project, bet. pp. 52-53. 
 
 Same. Sewerage system for Havana, showing force mains and main and inter- 
 
 cepting sewers only. bet. pp. 62-63. 
 
 Same. Drainage system for Havana, bet. pp. 62-63. 
 
 1901. Piano del puerto de la Habana. — Map showing word done on the harbor Jan. 
 1, 1899 to June 30, 1899. A. H. Weber, assistant engineer. Julius Bien & 
 CO. photo, lith. 16ix25J. 
 
 [In United States. War department. Annual reports, 1900. Report of the military 
 governer of Cuba on civil affairs. 8°. Washington, government printing office, 
 1901. V. 2, pt. 3, bet. pp. 92-93]. 
 
506 Handbook of cuba. 
 
 1901. Plans on the south coast of Cuba. Approaches to ports Casilda and Masio, 
 with the adjacent anchorages. From a Spanish government chart of 
 1879. — Chirivico harbour. From the latest United States government 
 plan. — The port of Guantanamo or Cumberland harbour, on the south 
 coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed plan. Large corrections Jan. 
 1901. 25Jxl9. London, 1899-1901. ' 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrograptiic office. Chart no. 98] . 
 
 1901. Project for gulf and harbor avenues and sea walls, Havana, from Torreon of 
 San Lazaro on the west to Fuerza on the east . . . Prepared by Engi- 
 neer department. Department of Cuba. 5^x9^. 
 
 [I7i Cuba. Military governor, Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
 tary governor of Cuba . . . 1901] . 8°. [Havana? 1901] . v. 14, no. 33] . 
 
 1901. The Rand-iMcNally map of the city of Havana showing suburbs, parks, forts 
 
 and principal buildings. 19|x24i. Chicago, "Rand, McNally & co. 1901. 
 1901. The Rand-McNally map of the city of Havana showing suburbs, parks, forts, 
 and principal buildings. 20ix23|. Chicago, Rand, McNally & co. 1901. 
 [In Norton (Albert James). Norton's complete hand book of Havana and Cuba. 
 12°. Chicago & New York, Rand, McNally & co. [1900] . at end] . 
 
 1901. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Approaches to Puerto Padre. From sur- 
 veys in 1900 and 1901, by the officers of the U. S. S. Vixen, ... 0. K. 
 Curtis, U. S. N., commanding. Lith. by R. F. Barnes. 28^x46. Wash- 
 ington, 1901. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 
 Chart no. 1971] . 
 Inset: "Plan of entrance channel." 
 
 1901. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Li visa and Cabonico bays. From a survey, 
 in 1901, by the officers of the U. S. S. Yankton ... G. L. Dyer, U. S. N., 
 commanding. Lith. by R. F. Barnes. 28|x402. Washington, 1901. 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 1991] . 
 
 1901. West Indies. Cuba. North coast. Port Banes. From the latest United 
 States government plan. 19x25|. London, 1901. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 635] . 
 
 1901. West Indies. Cuba — North coast. Nipe bay, Eastern part. From the latest 
 United States government plan. Engr. by Davies & co. 26x32^. Lon- 
 don, 1901. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 1380] . 
 Inset: "Nipe bay. Western part." 
 
 1901. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Nipe bay. From a survey in 1900 and 
 1901, by the officers of the U. S. S. Yankton. Prepared by R. F. Barnes. 
 Engr. by C. E. Birch and A. C. Ruebsam. 26Jx39i^. Washington, 1901. 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 1884]. 
 
 1901. West Indies. Cuba — North coast. Nuevitas bay. From the latest United 
 States government plan. Engr. by Edw? Well^r. 25|x38f. London, 
 1901. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 3197] . 
 Inset: Nuevitas bay entrance channel." 
 
 1901. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Port Gibara. From the United States 
 government plan, 1899. 25^x19. London, 1901. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 2827] . 
 
 1901. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Port Tanamo. From a survey in 1901, 
 by the officers of the U. S. S. Vixen, . . . C. K. Curtis, U. S. N., command- 
 ing. Lith. by Gr. Noetzel. 27|x32}. Washington, 1901. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 1989]. 
 
HAifDBOOK OF CtJBA. 507 
 
 1901. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Entrance to Port Tanamo. From a sur- 
 vey in 1901, by the officers of the U. S. S. Vixen . . . C. K. Curtis, U. S.N. , 
 commanding. Lith. by Gr. Noetzel. 292x25|. Washington, 1901. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrograpliic office. 
 Chart no. 1990]. 
 
 1901. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Puerto Padre. From surveys in 1900 and 
 1901, by the officers of the TJ. S. S. Vixen, . . . C. K. Curtis, U. S. N. 
 commanding. Lith. by R. F. Barnes. 30x42J. Washington, 1901. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 
 Chart no. 1970] . 
 Inset: "Plan of entrance channel." 
 
 1901. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Puerto Padre. From surveys in 1900 and 
 1901 by the officers of the U. S. S. Vixen. 23ix23f . Washington, 1901. 
 , [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 
 Chart no. 1928] . 
 
 1901. West Indies. Cuba — South coast. Guant^namo bay (Cumberland harbour). 
 From the latest United States government plan. 38|x25|. London, 1901. 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 904] . 
 
 1901. West Indies. Cuba — South coast. Santiago harbour. From the latest United 
 States government plan. Engraved by Edw'J Weller. 38|x25|. London, 
 1901. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 443] . 
 Note. — Inset: View of the entrance. 
 
 1901. Westindische gewasser. Kilometer: massstab 1:150.000. 5|x6|. Gotha, 
 Justus Perthes, [1901]. 
 
 [In Perthes (Justus) . Justus Perthes' see-atlas. 5. aufl. 16°. Gotha, J. Perthes, 1901. 
 no. 22] . 
 
 1901. Map of Havana harbor. 6x8i 
 
 [In Los Angeles (The) Saturday post. The Los Angeles Saturday post unrivalled atlas 
 
 of the world, fol. Chicago, Rand, McNally & co., 1901. pp. 84-85]. 
 Note.— Inset to "Cuba." 
 
 1901. Map of Havana harbor. 6ix8|. 
 
 [In Rand, McNally & co.'s enlarged business atlas and shippers' guide. 31st ed. fol. 
 
 Chicago, Rand, McNally & co. 1901. p. 409] . 
 Note. — Inset to the map of Cuba. 
 
 1901. Map of Havana harbor. 6-J-x8J. 
 
 [hi Rand, McNally & co.'s universal atlas of the world. 1900 census. 4°. Chicago, 
 
 New York, Rand, McNally & co. 1901. p. 85] . 
 Note. — Inset to the map of Cuba. 
 
 1902. Chart showing approximate progress of field work and mapping relative to 
 
 final topographical map of Havana and vicinity. Enclosure no. 2, with 
 report of Dept. of survey of fortifications for six months ending Dec. 31, 
 1901. 26^x41. 
 
 [In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
 tary governor of Cuba ... 1901] . 8°. [Havana? 1902] . v. 13J. 
 
 1902. City of Havana and harbor. 5x8. 
 
 [In Cram (George F.) Cram's atlas of the world, fol. New York, Chicago, G. F. 
 
 Cram, 1902. p. 355]. 
 Note. — Inset to map of Cuba. 
 
 1902. Cuba. Scales. Statute miles, 38=1 inch. Kilometres, 61=1 inch. 12^x19. 
 
 [Chicago], Rand, McNally & co. [1902]. 
 1902. Map of Havana harbor showing the location of works executed between the 
 dates Jan. 1, 1899 and May 20, 1902. Major H. F. Hodges, . . . chief 
 engineer, Dept. of Cuba. A. H. Weber, assistant engineer. 7jx6J. 
 
 [In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
 tary governor of Cuba ... 1902] . 8°. [Havana? 1902]. v. 6]. 
 
508 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1902. Map of Matanzas harbor in the vicinity of the government pier and mouth of 
 San Juan river, showing channels dredged through the bar caused by 
 deposits from the Yumuri and San Juan rivers. Major H. F. Hodges . . . 
 chief engineer. A. H. Weber, asst. engineer. Scale 100:1. 6^x8. 
 
 lln Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
 tary governor of Cuba . . . 1902] . 8°. [Havana? 1902] . v. 6] . 
 
 1902. Map of the city of Havana. Deaths of tuberculosis, year 1901. 17^x225. 
 
 [In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
 tary governor of Cuba . . . 1901] . 8°. [Havana? 1902] . v. 4] . 
 
 Same. Yellow fever by street and numbers of houses year 1901. 
 
 Same. Yellow fever by blocks year 1901. 
 
 Same. Deaths by different infectious diseases year 1901. 
 
 1902. Map of the city of Santiago de Cuba. Sewers. Lith. Guggenheimer, Weil & 
 CO. 8Jx9J. 
 
 [In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
 tary governor of Cuba . . . 1902] . 8°. [Havana? 1902] . v. 6] . 
 
 Same. Water pipe — Storm drain. 
 
 Same. Pavements. 
 
 1902. Map of the Cuban telegraph lines operated by the Signal corps, U. S. A. May 
 20, 1902. Prepared under the direction of captain Otto A. Nesmith, . . . 
 Chief signal officer. Department of Cub?. ' 18x37 J. 
 
 [In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
 tary governor of Cuba . . . 1902] . 8°. [Havana? 1902] . v. 6] . 
 Note. — Inset: Map showing old Spanish lines standing at date of military occupation. 
 
 1902. Plan showing present and proposed parking between Central Park and La 
 Punta. Lith. Guggenheimer, Weils & co. 9x4f. Havana, office of chief 
 engineer. 
 
 [In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1900. [Civil report of . . . military 
 governor of Cuba .. . 1902]. 8°. [Havana? 1902] . v. 5]. 
 
 1902. Piano de la Habana. Por d. Esteban T. Pichardo, agrimesor y maestro de 
 obras. Editor: d. Jos6 Valdepares. Havana sewerage system. Proposed 
 changes in marginal lines. Feb. 1902. Approved W. J. Barden. Escala 
 Torko- 28i:x37i Havana, 1902. 
 
 [7w Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civii report of ... military 
 governor of Cuba . . . 1902] . 8°. [Havana? 1902] . v. 5, no. 173] . 
 
 1902. Piano de la Habana. Por d. Esteban T. Pichardo, agrimesor y maestro de 
 obras. Editor: d. Jos6 Valdepares. Map showing all street work other 
 than patching Jan. 1st, 1899, to April 30th, 1902. To accompany four 
 months report ending April 30th, 1902. W. J. Barden. Escala xo^^ocr- 
 28^x37-4. Havana, office of Chief engineer, 1902. 
 
 [7m Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of ... military 
 governor of Cuba . . . 1902] . 8°. [Havana? 1902] . v. 5, no. 16] . 
 
 Same. Map showing street cleaning, no. 99. 
 
 Same. Map showing street sprinkling for 1902. no. 147. 
 
 1902. Piano de la Habana. Por d. Est6ban T. Pichardo, agrimesor y maestro de 
 obras. Editor: d. Jose Valdepares. Map showing classification of streets, 
 Havana, Cuba, April 30th, 1902. W. J. Barden. Escala x^r^Tycj. 28^x37^. 
 Havana, office of Chief engineers, 1902. 
 
 [/?» Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of ... military 
 governor of Cuba . . . 1902] . 8° [Havana? 1902] . v. 5, no. 15] . 
 
 1902. Piano de la Habana. Por d. Esteban T. Pichardo, agrimesor y maestro de 
 obras. Editor: d. Jose Valdepares. Map showing traffic census. To 
 accompany six months report December 31*', 1901. W. J. Barden. Escala 
 is-.^TSTs- 27^x36^. Havana, office of Chief engineer, 1901. 
 
 [In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report qf ... military 
 governor of Cuba . . . 1901] . 8°. [Havana? 1902] . v. 15, no. 25] . 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 509 
 
 1902. Piano de la Habana. Map showing street paving work done during six 
 months ending Dec. 31^ 1901. no. 32. 
 
 Same. Map showing status city traverses and block maps. no. 36. 
 
 Same. Map showing status of new system of street grades, no. 40. 
 
 Same. Map showing the street cleaning, sweeping and picking, no. 41a. 
 
 1902. Piano de la Habana. Red marks indicate areas drained by Anopheles brigade. 
 
 17ix22J. 
 
 [In Cuba. Military governor. Leonard Wood, 1899-1902. [Civil report of . . . mili- 
 tary governor of Cuba . . . 1901]. 8°. [Havana? 1902] . v. 4]. 
 
 1902. Vest pocket map of Habana, Cuba. Published by the Diamond news com- 
 pany . . . 12|xl5|. Boston, G. H. Walker & co. 1902. 
 Note. — Gives street index and directory. 
 
 1902. West Indies. Cuba — north coast. Livisa and Cabonico bays from a United 
 States government survey, 1901. 25|x39. London, 1902. 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 3290] . 
 
 J.902. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Entrance to Bahia Honda. From a 
 reconnoissance, in 1901, by the officers of the U. S. S. Vixen, lieutenant 
 commander C. G. Calkins, U. S. N., commanding. 23^x17 J. Washing- 
 ton, 1902. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 2036] . 
 
 1902. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Anchorage in Corrientes bay. From a 
 survey, in 1901, by the officers of the U. S. S. Yankton, lieutenant com- 
 mander A. M. Knight, U. S. N., commanding. 26Jx205. Washington, 
 1902. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 2057] . 
 
 1902. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Cienfuegos bay. From a survey, in 1902, 
 by the officers of the U. S. S. Eagle, lieutenant commander S. W. B. Diehl, 
 U. S. N., commanding. 33x28. Washington, 1902. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office.- 
 Chart no. 2098] . 
 
 1902. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Cienfuegos harbor. From a survey in 
 1902, by the officers of the U. S. S. Eagle, lieutenant commander S. W. B. 
 Diehl, IJ. S. N., commanding. 32fx27|. Washington, 1902. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 2099] . * 
 
 1902. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Ensenada de Mora. From a reconnais- 
 sance, in 1902, by the officers of the U. S. S. Yankton, lieutenant com- 
 mander A. M. Knight, U. S. N., commanding. 22^x30^. Washington, 
 1902. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 2093] . 
 
 1902. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Entrance to Cienfuegos bay. From a 
 survey, in 1902, by the officers of the U. S. S. Eagle, lieutenant commander 
 S. W. B. Diehl, U. S. N., commanding. 45x28^. Washington, 1902. 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 2097] . 
 
 1902. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Jucaro anchorage, from a reconnaissance 
 in 1902, by the U. S. S. Yankton . . . Austin M. Knight, U. S. N., com- 
 manding. Gr. Noetzel, chief lith. 20x15. Washington, 1902. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 
 Chart no. 2083] . 
 Note.— Inset: " Enlarged plan of Jucaro." 
 
510 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1903. Cuba. 13x19. Chicago, G. F. Cram, [1903]. 
 
 [In Cram (George F.). Cram's atlas of the world, ancient and modern, fol. Chi- 
 cago, G. F. Cram, 1903. no. 354-356] . 
 Note. — Inset: City of Havana and harbour. 
 
 1903. Cuba. Scales. Statute miles, 38=1 inch. Kilometres, 61=1 inch. 12|fxl8i. 
 [In Rand, McNally & co's enlarged business atlas. 83d ed. fol. Chicago, Rand, 
 
 McNally & co. 1903. p. 423] . 
 Note. — Insets: Map of Havana harbor. — Port of Santiago de Cuba. — Port of Cienfue- 
 gos. — Port Matanzas. — Cardenas and Santa Clara bays. 
 
 1903. Hammond's map of Cuba. 33 miles=l inch. 12Jx23i. New York, C. S. 
 
 Hammond & co. [1903]. 
 1903. Isla de Cuba. E. T. Farquhar, del. L. L. Poates, sc. 6^x8. 
 
 [In Monteith (John). Noci6nes de geografia universal. [Edici6n para Cuba]. 4°. 
 
 New York, American book co. [1900] .] 
 [Serie moderna] . 
 Note. — Inset: " La Habana y sus alrededores." 
 
 Same in 1903 edition. 
 
 1903. Cuba. 4|x7. Philadelphia, the McKinley publishing co. 1903. 
 
 [McKinley's series of geographical and historical outline maps. no. 10]. 
 
 1903. Mapa de la repiiblica de Cuba dividida en provincias. C.de la Torre. 8^x13^. 
 Habana, Moderna poesia, 1903. 
 
 [In Aguayo (Alfredo M.) aiid Torre y Huerta (Carlos de la). Tratado elemental de 
 geografia de Cuba para uso de las escuelas. 4°. Habana, la Moderna poesia, 1906. 
 pp. 88-89] . 
 
 1903. West Indies. 5^x6^ Chicago, G. F. Cram, [1903]. 
 
 [In Cram (George F.). Cram's handy reference atlas of the world. 12°. New York, 
 Chicago, G. P. Cram, [1903] . p. 77] . 
 
 1903. West Indies. Cuba — Southeast coast. The southern approaches to Manza- 
 nillo including the south coast from Cape Cruz to Ensenada de Mora. 
 Compiled from the latest information. Drawn by H. P. Simpson and 
 A. A. Aguirre. 30ix34J. Washington, 1903. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic ofllce. 
 Chart no. 2143] . 
 
 1903. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Ensenada de Mora Pelon harbor. From 
 
 a survey, in 1902-3, by the officers of the U. S. S. Eagle, lieutenant com- 
 mander M. L. Wood, U. S. N., commanding. 31x28. Washington, 1903. 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 
 Chart no. 2138] . ^ 
 
 Note. — "This chart corrected to Nov. 16, 1903, the date of issue from the hydrographic 
 office." 
 
 1904. Cuba. Scales. Statute miles, 38=1 inch. Kilometres, 61=1 inch. 12^x18^. 
 
 [I7i Rand, McNally & co.'s enlarged business atlas. Mth ed. fol. Chicago, Rand, 
 
 McNally & co. 1904. p. 361] . 
 Note.— Insets: Map of Havana harbor. — Port of Santiago de Cuba.— Port of Cienfue- 
 
 gos, — Port of Matanzas. — Cardenas and Santa Clara bays. 
 
 1904. Cuba, with general map of the West Indies. Prepared especially for Chas. H. 
 
 Fuller's advertiser's directory to leading publications. 3jx5|. Buffalo, 
 
 the J. N. Matthews co. 1904. 
 1904. Map of Havana issued by the united railways of Havana. 7|x7^. Buffalo, the 
 
 J. N. Matthews co. 1904. 
 1904. Munson steamship line's new and complete map of Cuba ... 33 miles=l 
 
 inch. 12ix23^. New York, C. S. Hammond & co. [1904]. 
 }904. Plans on the south coast of Cuba. Approaches to ports Casilda and Masio 
 
 with the adjacent anchorages. From a Spanish government chart of 1879. 
 
 Natural scale 1/56,756. The port of Guantanamo or Cumberland harbour 
 
 on the south coast of Cuba. From a Spanish printed plan. Natural scale 
 
 1/66,640. 25|xl9. London, 1899. 
 [Greftt Britain, Admiralty. Cnart no. 98] . 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 511 
 
 1904. West Indies. . Chicago, G. F. Cram, [1904]. 5x6J. 
 
 [JjiCram (George F.). Thesuccess handy reference atlas and gazetteer of the world. 
 24°. New York, the Success CO. 1904. no. 66]. 
 
 1904. West Indies. Cuba. From the latest information. Drawn by H. P. Simp- 
 son. Engraved by E. A. Daniel, C. W. Lehew, R. E. Gray, and A. C. 
 Ruebsam. 27^x56. Washington, 1904. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 2145] . 
 
 1904. West Indies. Cuba. South coast. Ensenada de IMora (Pelon harbour) 
 From the latest United States government surveys. Engraved by Weller 
 & Addison. 19x25|. London, 1904. 
 
 [Great Britain. Admiralty. Hydrographic office. Chart no. 3450] . 
 
 1904. West Indies. South coast of Cuba. Port Escondido. From a survey in 190.3, 
 by ... J. IM. Ellicot, U. S. N., of the U. S. S. Prairie . . . Drawn by 
 A. A. Aguirre, Gr. Noetzel. 22|x25. Washington, 1904. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 2182] . 
 
 1904. West Indies. Cuba — South coast. Santa Cruz del Sur. From a survey in 
 
 1902 and 1903, by the officers of the U. S. S. Yankton, ... A. M. Knight, 
 U. S. N., commanding. Engr. by J. A. Waddey, W. P. Sefton and C. W. 
 Lehew. .38x30^. Washington, 1904. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 Chart no. 2178] . 
 
 1905. Sketch showing a portion of the trenches occupied by Bates brigade also the 
 
 Spanish opposing works. Drawn from the trenches by lieutenant Horace 
 Maynard Reeve, 3d inf., engineer, independent brigade, fifth corps. Ap- 
 proved and forwarded to the adjutant.general to accompany my report of 
 the operations of the independent brigade, 5th army corps. J. C. Bates, 
 maj. gen. vols. 7x28|. 
 
 1905. Cuba, las tierras y mares vecinos. 6Jx8J. Habana, Moderna poesia, [1905]. 
 [In Aguayo (Alfredo M.) and Torre y Huerta (Carlos de la). Tratado elemental de 
 geografla de Cuba. 4°. Habana, la Moderna poesia, 1905. p. 92J . 
 
 1905. Map of Cuba to accompany the Standard guide to Cuba. 7fxl95^. New York, 
 Foster & Reynolds. Havana, Diamond news co. 
 
 [In Standard guide to Cuba. 12°. New York, Foster & Reynolds; Havana, Diamond 
 news CO. 1905. front.] 
 
 1905. Map of Havana, Cuba and vicinity. SfxllJ. Buffalo, the J. N. Matthews 
 CO. 1904. 
 
 1905. Mapa de la provincia de la Habana. - Dividida en paitidos judiciales y termi- 
 nos municipales. C. de la Torre. 6^x8^. Habana, Moderna poesfa, 
 [1905]. 
 
 [Jw Aguayo (Alfredo M.) and Torre y Euerta (Carlos de la). Tratado elemental de 
 geografia de Cuba para uso de las escuelas. 4°. Habana, la Moderna poesia, 1905. 
 p. 136] . 
 
 1905. Mapa de la provincia de Matanzas. Dividida en partidos judiciales y terminos 
 municipales. C. de la Torre. 6^x82. Habana, Moderna poesfa, [1904]. 
 [In Aguayo (Alfredo M.) and Torre y Huerta (Carlos de la). Tratado elemental de 
 geografia de Cuba. 4°. Habana, la Moderna poesia, 1905. p. 150] . 
 
 1905. Mapa de la provincia de Pinar del Rio (Vuelta Abajo). Dividida en partidos 
 judiciales y terminos municipales. C. de la Torre. 6^x85. Habana, 
 Moderna poesia, [1905]. 
 
 [In Aguayo (Alfredo M.) and Torre y Huerta (Carlos de la). Tratado elemental de 
 geografia de Cuba. 4°. Habana, la Moderna poesia, 1905. p. 126] . 
 
512 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 1905. Mapa de la provincia de Puerto-Principe (Camagiiey). Dividida en partidos 
 judiciales j terminos munioipales. C. de la Torre.' 6-^x8^. Habana, 
 Moderna poesia, [1905]. 
 
 [Jw Aguayo (Alfredo M.) and Torre y Huerta (Carlos de la). Tratado elemental de 
 geografia de Cuba. 4°. Habana, la Moderna poesia, 1905. p. 174] . 
 
 1905. Mapa de la provincia de Santa Clara (Las Villas). Dividida en partidos judi- 
 ciales y terminos municipales. SJxSg. Habana, Moderna poesia, [1905]. 
 [7?i Aguayo (Alfredo M.) and Torre y Huerta (Carlos de la). Tratado elemental de 
 geografia de Cuba. 4°. Habana, la Moderna poesia, 1905. p. 160] . 
 
 1905. Mapa de la provincia de Santiago-de-Cuba. ( Oriente. ) Dividida en partidos 
 judiciales y terminos municipales. C. de la Torre. 6ix8|-. Habana, 
 Moderna poesia, [1905] . 
 
 [In Aguayo (Alfredo M.) and Torre y Huerta (Carlos de la). Tratado elemental de 
 geografia de Cuba. 4°. Habana, la Moderna poesia, 1905. p. 184] . 
 
 1905. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Bahia Honda. From a survey in 1903 
 and 1904 by the officers of the U. S. S. Eagle, commander M. L. Wood, 
 U. S. N., commanding . . . Drawn by J. H. Larrabee. Gr. Noetzel, 
 chief lithographer. 38^x27|. Washington, 1905. 
 
 [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic oflBce. 
 Chart no. 2209] . 
 
 1905. West Indies. North coast of Cuba. Port Cabanas. From a hydrographic 
 survey in 1904, by the officers of the U. S. S. Eagle, commander M. L. 
 Wood, U. S. N., commanding; and a topographical survey in 1901, by the 
 United States military government of Cuba. Gr. Noetzel, chief lithog- 
 rapher. 29|x48|. Washington, 1905. 
 , [United States. Navy department. Bureau of equipment. Hydrographic office. 
 
 Chart no. 2210]. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF CUBA. 
 
 We, the delegates of the people of Cuba, having met in constitu- 
 tional convention for the purpose of preparing and adopting the 
 fundamental law of their organization as an independent and sover- 
 eign people, establishing a government capable of fulfilling its inter- 
 national obligations, ' maintaining public peace, insuring liberty, 
 justice, and promoting the general Avelfare, do hereby agree upon 
 and adopt the following constitufion, invoking the protection of the- 
 Almighty. 
 
 TITLE I. 
 
 THE NATION, ITS FORM OF GOVERNMENT, AND ITS TERRITORY. 
 
 Article 1. The people of Cuba are hereby constituted a sovereign 
 and independent State and adopt a republican form of government. 
 
 Art. 2. The territory of the Republic is composed of the island of 
 Cuba, as well as the adjacent islands and keys, which, together there- 
 with, were under the sovereignty of Spain until the ratification of 
 the treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898. 
 
 Art. 3. The territory of the Republic shall be divided into six 
 provinces, as they exist at present and with the same boundaries, the 
 provincial council of each to determine their respective names. 
 
 The provinces may be incorporated with each other or divided 
 into new provinces through actions that may be agreed upon by the 
 respective provincial councils and approved by Congress. 
 
 TITLE II. 
 
 THE CUBAN PEOPLE. 
 
 Art. 4. Cuban citizens are native born or naturalized. 
 Art. 5. Native-born Cubans are: 
 
 First. Those born of Cuban parents within or without the territouy 
 of the Republic. 
 
 159a— 05 33 • 513 
 
514 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Second. Those born within the territory of the Republic of foreign 
 parents, provided that on becoming of age they claim the right of 
 inscription as Cubans in the proper register. 
 
 Third. Those born in foreign countries of native-born parents, who 
 have forfeited their Cuban nationality, provided that on becoming of 
 age they claim their inscription as Cubans in the same register. 
 
 Aet. 6. Naturalized Cubans are : 
 
 First. Foreigners who, having served in the liberating army, may 
 claim Cuban nationality within six months following the promulga- 
 tion of this constitution. 
 
 Second. Foreigners established in Cuba prior to January 1, 1899, 
 wdio may have retained their residence after said date, provided they 
 claim Cuban nationality within the six months next following the 
 promulgation of this constitution, or, if minors, within a like period 
 after they shall have attained their majority. 
 
 Third. Foreigners who, after five years' residence in the territory 
 of the Republic and not less than two years from the time that they 
 declared their intention of acquiring Cuban citizenship, may obtain 
 their letters of naturalization in coijformity with the laws. 
 
 Fourth. Spaniards residing in the territory of Cuba on the 11th 
 day of April, 1899, who may not have been registered as such in the 
 proper registers prior to the same month and day of 1900. 
 
 Fifth. Africans who may have been slaves in Cuba, and those who 
 were emancipated and comprised in article 13 of the treaty of June 
 28th, 1835, entered into by Spain and England. 
 
 Art. T. Cuban citizenship is forfeited: 
 
 First. By acquiring foreign citizenship. 
 
 Second. By accepting employment or honors from another govern- 
 ment without permission of the Senate. 
 
 Third. By entering the military service of a foreign nation without 
 a like permission. 
 
 Fourth. By a naturalized Cuban residing five years continuously 
 in his native country, except by reason of his being in the employ of 
 or fulfilling a commission of the Government of the Republic. 
 
 Art. 8. Cuban citizenship may be reacquired as may be provided 
 for by law. 
 
 Art. 9. Every Cuban shall — 
 
 First. Bear arms in defense of his country in such cases and in the 
 manner determined by the laws. 
 
 Second. Contribute to the payment of public expenses in such man- 
 ner and proportion as the laws may prescribe. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 515 
 
 TITLE III. 
 FOREIGNERS. 
 
 Art. 10. Foreigners residing within the territory of the Republic 
 shall have the same rights and obligations as Cubans — 
 
 First. As to protection of their persons and properties. 
 
 Second. As to the enjoyment of the rights guaranteed by Section I 
 of the following title, excepting those exclusively reserved to citizens. 
 
 Third. As to the enjoyment of civil rights under the conditions and 
 limitations prescribed in the law of aliens. 
 
 Fourth. As to the obligation of respecting and obeying the laws, 
 decrees, regulations, and all other enactments that may be in force in 
 the Republic. 
 
 Fifth. As to submission to the jurisdiction and decisions of the 
 courts of justice and all other authorities of the Republic. 
 
 Sixth. As to the obligation of contributing to the public expenses 
 of the State, province, and municipality. 
 
 TITLE IV. 
 RIGHTS GUARANTEED BY THIS CONSTITUTION. 
 
 Section First. — Individual rights. 
 
 Art. 11. All Cubans have equal rights before the law. The Repub- 
 lic does not recognize any i3ersonal privileges or special rights. 
 
 Art. 12. No law shall have any retroactive effect, other than penal 
 ones favorable to convicted or indicted persons. 
 
 Art. 13. Obligations of a civil nature arising from contracts or 
 other acts or omissions, shall not be annulled or altered by either the 
 legislature or executive power. 
 
 Art. 14. The penalty of death shall in no case be imposed for 
 crimes of a political nature, which shall be defined by law. 
 
 Art. 15. No person shall be arrested except in such cases and in 
 the manner prescribed by law. » 
 
 Art. 16. Every person arrested shall be set at liberty or placed at 
 the disposal of a competent judge or court within twenty-four hours 
 immediately following the arrest. 
 
 Art. 17. All persons arrested shall be set at liberty or their impris- 
 onment ordered within seventy-two hours after having been placed at 
 the disjDosal of the competent judge or court. Within the same time 
 notice shall be served upon the jDarty interested of any action which 
 may have been taken in the matter. 
 
 Art. 18. No person shall be arrested except by warrant of a com- 
 petent judge or court. The order directing the serving of the war- 
 rant of arrest shall be affirmed or reversed, after the accused shall 
 
516 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 have been heard in his defense, within seventy-two hours next follow - 
 ing his imprisonment. 
 
 Art. 19. No person shall be indicted or sentenced except by compe- 
 tent judge or court, by virtue of laws in force prior to the commission 
 of the crime, and in such manner as therein prescribed. 
 
 Art. 20. Any person arrested or imprisoned without legal formali- 
 ties, or not in accordance with the provisions of this constitution and 
 the laws, shall be set at liberty at his own request or that of any citi- 
 zen. The law will determine the prompt action which shall be taken 
 in the case. 
 
 Art. 21. No person whatsoever is bound to give evidence against 
 himself, nor husband or wife against each other, nor relatives wilhin 
 the fourth degree of consanguinit}^ or second of affinity. 
 
 Art. 22. All correspondence and other private documents are invi- 
 olable, and neither shall be seized nor examined except by order of a 
 competent authority and with the formalities prescribed by the laws, 
 and in all cases all points therein not relating to the matter under 
 investigation shall be kept secret. 
 
 Art. 23. No person's domicile shall be violated; and therefore no 
 one shall enter that of another at night, except by permission of its 
 occupant, unless it be for the purpose of giving aid and assistance to 
 victims of crime or accident; or in the daytime, except in such cases 
 and manner as prescribed by law. 
 
 Art. 24. No person shall be compelled to change his domicile or 
 residence except by virtue of an order issued by a competent authority 
 and in the manner prescribed by law. 
 
 Art. 25. Every person may freely, without censorship, express his 
 thoughts either by word of mouth or in writing, through the press, or 
 in any other manner whatsoever, subject to the responsibilities speci- 
 fied by law, whenever thereby attacks are made upon the honor of 
 individuals, upon social order, and upon public peace. 
 
 Art. 26. The profession of all religious beliefs, as well as the prac- 
 tice of all forms of worship are free, without further restriction than 
 that demanded by the respect for Christian morality and public order. 
 The church shall be separated from the state, which shall in no case 
 subsidize any religion. 
 
 Art. 27. All persons shall have the right to address petitions to the 
 authorities, to have them duly acted upon, and to be informed of the 
 action taken thereon. 
 
 Art. 28. All inhabitants of the Eepublic have the right to assemble 
 peacefully unarmed, and to associate for all lawful pursuits of life. 
 
 Art. 29. All persons shall have the right to enter into and depart 
 from the territory of the Reioublic, to travel within its boundaries, and 
 to change their residence without requiring any safeguard, passport, or 
 any other similar requisite, except as may be required by the laws 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 517 
 
 governing immigration, and by the authorities, jn cases of criminal 
 responsibility, by virtue of the powers vested in them. 
 
 Art. 30. No Cuban shall be banished from the territory of the 
 Republic or be prohibited from entering therein. 
 
 Art. 31. Primary education is compulsory and shall be gratuitous', 
 as also that of arts and trades. The expenses thereof shall be defrayed 
 by the State during such time as the municipalitites and provinces, 
 respectively, may lack sufficient means therefor. Secondary and 
 advanced education will be controlled by the State. However, all 
 persons may, without restriction, study or teach any science, art, or 
 profession, and found and maintain establishments of education and 
 instruction ; but it pertains to the State to determine what professions 
 shall require special titles, the conditions necessary for their practice, 
 the necessary requirements to obtain the titles, and the issuing of the 
 same as may be established by law. 
 
 Art. 32. No person shall be deprived of his property, except by 
 competent authority for the justified reason of public benefit, and 
 after being duly indemnified for the same. Should the latter require- 
 ment not have been complied with, the judges and courts shall give 
 due protection; and in such case they shall restore possession of the 
 property to the person who may have been deprived thereof. 
 
 Art. 33. In no case shall the penalty of confiscation of property be 
 imposed. 
 
 Art. 34. No person is obliged to pay any tax or impost not legally 
 established and the collection thereof not being carried out in the 
 manner prescribed by the laws. 
 
 Art. 35. Every author or inventor shall enjoy the exclusive owner- 
 ship of his work or invention for the time and in the manner deter- 
 mined by law. 
 
 Art. 36. The enumeration of the rights expressly guaranteed by 
 this constitution does not exclude others that may be based upon the 
 principle of the sovereignty of the people and upon the republican 
 form of government. 
 
 Art. 37. The laws regulating the exercise of the rights which this 
 constitution guarantees shall become null and void if they diminish, 
 restrict, or change the said rights. 
 
 Section 'Second. — Right of suffrage. 
 
 Art. 38. All male Cubans over twenty-one years of age have the 
 right of suffrage, with the following exceptions: 
 
 First. Inmates of asylums. 
 
 Second. Persons mentally incapacitated after having been judicially 
 so declared. 
 
 Third. Persons judicially deprived of civil rights on account of 
 crime. 
 
518 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Fourth. Persons in active service belonging to the land or naval 
 forces. 
 
 Art. 39. The laws shall establish rules and procedures to guarantee 
 the intervention of the minority in the preparation of the electoral 
 census, and in other electoral matters, and their representation in the 
 House of Representatives and in provincial and municipal councils. 
 
 Section Third. — Suspension of constitutional guarantees. 
 
 Art. 40. The guarantees established in articles 15, 16, 17, 19, 22, 
 23, 24, and 27 of the first section of this title shall not be suspended 
 throughout the entire Republic, or in any part thereof, except tempo- 
 rarily and when the safety of the State may require it, in cases of 
 invasion of the territory or of serious disturbances that may threaten 
 public peace. 
 
 Art. 41. The territory within which the guarantees determined in 
 the preceding article may have been suspended shall be governed dur- 
 ing the period of suspension by the law^ of public order j)reviously 
 enacted, but neither in the said law, or in any other, shall the suspen- 
 sion be ordered of any other guarantees than those already mentioned. 
 Nor shall there be made, during the period of suspension, any decla- 
 ration of new crimes, nor shall there be imposed other penalties than 
 those established by the law in force at the time the suspension was 
 ordered. 
 
 The executive power is prohibited from banishing or exiling citi- 
 zens to a greater distance than one hundred and twenty kilometers 
 from their domicile, and from holding them under arrest for more 
 than ten days without turning them over to the judicial authorities, 
 and from rearresting them during the period of the suspension of 
 guarantees. Persons arrested shall not be detained except in special 
 departments of public establishments used for the detention of persons 
 indicted for ordinary offenses. 
 
 Art. 42. The suspension of the guarantees specified in article 40 
 shall only be ordered by means of a law, or, when Congress is not in 
 session, by a decree of the President of the Republic; but the latter 
 shall not order the suspension more than once during the period com- 
 prised between two legislatures, nor for an indefinite period of time, 
 nor for more than thirty days, without convening Congress in the 
 same order of suspension. In every case the President shall report 
 to Congress for such action as Congress may deem proper. 
 
 TITLE V. 
 
 SOVEREIGNTY AND PUBLIC POWERS. 
 
 Art. 43. Sovereignty is vested in the people of Cuba and all public 
 powers are derived therefrom. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 519 
 
 TITLE VI. 
 LEGISLATIVE POWERS. 
 
 Section First. — The legislative 'bodies. 
 
 Art. 44. The legislative power is exercised by two elective bodies, 
 which shall be known as the House of Representatives and the Senate, 
 and which conjointly will be called Congress. 
 
 Section Second. — The Senate; its organization and attributes. 
 
 Art. 45. The Senate shall be composed of four Senators from each 
 Province, elected therefrom for a period of eight years by the provin- 
 cial couiicilmen and by a double number of electors, who, together 
 with the provincial councilmen, shall constitute an electoral board. 
 
 One-half of the electors must be persons who pay the highest 
 amount of taxes and the remainder shall possess the qualifications 
 that may be determined by law. All of the electors must also be of 
 age and residents of municipal districts of the Province. 
 
 The electors shall be chosen by the voters of the Province one hun- 
 dred days prior to the election of Senators. 
 
 One-half of the members of the Senate shall be elected every four 
 years. 
 
 Art. 46. To become a Senator it is necessary — 
 
 First. To be a native-born Cuban. 
 
 Second. To have attained to the age of thirty-five years. 
 
 Third. To be in full possession of all civil and political rights. 
 
 Art. 47. The inherent attributes of the Senate are — 
 
 First. To try, sitting as a court of justice, the President of the 
 Republic whenever he be accused by the House of Representatives of 
 crimes against the external security of the State, against the free 
 exercise of legislative or judicial powers, or of violation of the con- 
 stitution. 
 
 Second. To try, sitting as a court of justice, cabinet ministers when- 
 ever they be accused by the House of Representatives of crimes 
 against the external security of the State, against the free exercise 
 of legislative or judicial powers, or of violation of the constitution, 
 or of any other offense of a political nature specified by law. 
 
 Third. To try^ sitting as a court of justice, governors of Provinces 
 whenever they be accused by the provincial councils or by the Presi- 
 dent of the Republic of any of the offenses specified in the preceding 
 paragraph. AVlienever the Senate sits as a court of justice it shall be 
 presided over by the chief justice of the supreme court, and it shall 
 not impose upon the accused any other penalty than that of removal 
 from office, or removal from office and disqualification to hold any 
 public office, without detriment to any other penalty which the ac- 
 
520 HAISTDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 cused may have incurred which may be imposed by the courts declared 
 to be competent b}^ hiw. 
 
 Fourth. To confirm the appointments made by the President of the 
 Republic of chief justice and associate justices of the supreme court 
 of justice; of diplomatic representatives and consular agents of the 
 nation, and of all other public officers whose ajjpointment may require 
 the approval of the Senate in accordance with the law. 
 
 Fifth. To authorize Cuban citizens to accept employment or honors 
 from another government or to serve in the army thereof. 
 
 Sixth. To ratify the treaties entered into by the President of the 
 Republic with other nations. 
 
 Section Third. — 'The House of Representatives ; its organisation and 
 
 attributes. , 
 
 Art. 48. The House of Representatives shall be composed of one 
 representative for each twenty-five thousand inhabitants or fraction 
 thereof over twelve thousand five hundred, elected for the period of 
 four years by direct vote and in the manner provided for by law. 
 
 One-half of the members of the House of Representatives shall be 
 elected every two years. 
 
 Art. 49. The following qualifications are necessar}^ to be a repre- 
 sentative : 
 
 First. To be a native-born or naturalized Cuban citizen who has 
 resided for eight years in the Republic from and after the date of his 
 naturalization. 
 
 Second. To have attained to the age of twenty-five years. 
 
 Third. To be in full possession of all civil and political rights. 
 
 Art. 50. It shall be the duty of the House of Representatives to 
 impeach in the Senate the President of the Republic, and the cabinet 
 ministers in all cases prescribed in paragraphs first and second of 
 article 47, whenever two-thirds of the total number of Representatives 
 shall so resolve in secret session. 
 
 Section Fourth. — Provisions coniinon to hoth colegislative todies. 
 
 Art. 51. The positions of senator and representative are incompati- 
 ble with the holding of any paid position of Government appointment, 
 with the exception of that of a professorship in a Government institu- 
 tion, obtained by competitive examination prior to- election to the 
 first-named positions. 
 
 Art. 52. Senators and representatives shall receive from the State 
 a pecuniary remuneration, alike for both positions, the amount of 
 which may be changed at any time; but the change shall not take 
 effect until after the future election of one-half of the members of the 
 coleaislativc bodies. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 521 
 
 Art. 53. Senators and representatives shall not be held liable for 
 the votes and opinions given and expressed in the discharge of their 
 duties. Senators and representatives shall only be arrested or in- 
 dicted by authority of the body of which they form part, should 
 Congress be in session at the time, except in case of being actually 
 discovered in f.agrante delicto. In this case, and in case of their 
 being arrested or indicted at the time when Congress is not in session, 
 report shall be made as soon as practicable to the body to which they 
 belong for proper action. 
 
 Art. 54. Both Houses of Congress shall open and close their ses- 
 sions on the same day ; they shall be established at the same place, and 
 neither the Senate nor the House of Representatives shall remove to 
 any other place nor adjourn for more than three days, except by joint 
 resolution of both Houses. 
 
 Neither shall they open their sessions without two-thirds of the total 
 number of their members being present, nor shall they continue their 
 sessions without an absolute majority of members being present. 
 
 Art. 55. Each House shall decide as to the validity of the election 
 of its respective members and as to the resignations presented by 
 them. 
 
 No Senator or Representative shall be expelled from the House to 
 which he belongs, except by virtue of a case previously decided 
 against him, and by resolution of at least two-thirds of the total 
 number of its members. 
 
 Art. 56. Each House shall frame its respective rules and regula- 
 tions, and elect from among its members its president, vice-presidents, 
 and secretaries. However, the president of the Senate will only dis- 
 charge the duties of office when the Vice-President of the Republic is 
 absent or is fulfilling the duties of President of the same. 
 
 Section Fifth. — -Congress and its powers. 
 
 Art. 57. Congress shall meet by virtue of the inherent rights 
 thereof twice in each year, and shall remain in session during a period 
 of at least forty legal working days during each term. 
 
 The first session shall begin on the first Monday in April and the 
 other on the first Monday in November. It will meet in extra sessions 
 in such cases and in such manner as provided for by the rules and 
 regulations of the colegislative bodies and whenever convened by the 
 President of the Republic in accordance with the provisions of this 
 constitution. 
 
 In such cases it shall only consider the express object or objects for 
 which it meets. 
 
 Art. 58. Congress shall meet as a joint body to proclaim, after 
 counting and rectifying the electoral vote, the President and Vice- 
 President of the Republic. 
 
522 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 In this case the duties of the president of Congress shall be per- 
 formed by the president of the Senate, and in his absence by the 
 president of the House of Representatives as vice-president of said 
 Congress. 
 
 If upon counting the votes for president it should appear that none 
 of the candidates has an absolute majority of votes, or if there should 
 be a tie, Congress, b}^ a majority of votes, shall elect as President one 
 of the two candidates having obtained the greatest number of votes. 
 
 Should two or more candidates be in the same condition, by two or 
 more of them having obtained a like number of votes, Congress shall 
 elect one of their number. 
 
 Should the vote of Congress also result in a tie, the vote shall be 
 again taken; and if the result of the second vote be the same, the 
 l^resident shall cast the deciding vote. 
 
 The method established in the preceding paragraph shall be em- 
 ployed in the election of Vice-President of the Republic. 
 
 The counting of the electoral vote shall take place prior to the 
 expiration of the presidential term. 
 
 Art. 59. Powers of Congress : 
 
 First. To prepare the national codes and laws of a general nature ; 
 to determine the rules that shall be observed for general, provincial, 
 and municipal elections ; to issue orders for the regulation and organ- 
 ization of all matters pertaining to the general administration of 
 public, provincial, and municipal affairs, and issue all other laws 
 and decisions which it may deem proper in connection with all other 
 matters whatsoever of public interest. 
 
 "^ Second. To discuss and approve the budgets of Government reve- 
 ime and expenditure. The said revenue and expenditure, except such 
 as will be mentioned hereinafter, shall be included in annual budgets 
 and shall only remain in force during the year for which they shall 
 have been approved. 
 
 ^ The expenses of Congress, those of the administration of justice, 
 those for interest and redemption of loans, and the revenues with 
 which they have to be paid shall be of a permanent nature and shall 
 be included in a fixed budget which shall remain in force until 
 changed by special laws. 
 
 Third. To contract loans ; but at the same time it shall be under the 
 obligation of deciding what permanent revenues shall be necessary for 
 the payment of the interest and redemption thereof. All action relat- 
 ing to loans shall require two-thirds of the vote of the total number of 
 members of each colegislative body. 
 
 Fourth. To coin money, specifying the standard, weight, value, and 
 denomination thereof. 
 
 Fifth. To regulate the system of weights and measures. 
 
 Sixth. To establish rules for regulating and developing internal 
 and foreign commerce. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 523 
 
 Seventh. To regulate the postal service; also railroads, public 
 roads, canals, and harbors, establishing- those required by public con- 
 venience. 
 
 Eighth. To establish the duties and taxes of a national character 
 necessaiy for the needs of the Government. 
 
 Ninth. To establish rules and procedures for naturalization of 
 citizens. 
 
 Tenth. To grant amnesties. 
 • Eleventh. To fix the number of the land and naval forces and to 
 determine the organization thereof. 
 
 Twelfth. To declare war and approve treaties of peace made by the 
 President of the Republic. 
 
 Thirteenth. To designate, by means of a special law, who shall be 
 President of the Republic in case of the removal from office, death, 
 resignation, or incapacity of the President and Vice-President thereof. 
 
 Art. 60. Congress shall not include in the budget laws provisions 
 that may bring about legislative or administrative changes of any 
 other nature; nor shall it reduce or suppress any revenue of a perma- 
 nent nature without establishing at the same time others in substitu- 
 tion thereof, except in case of reduction or suppression caused by the 
 reduction or suppression of equivalent permanent expenses ; nor shall 
 Congress assign to any service that has to be provided for in the 
 annual budget a greater amount than that recommended in the project 
 of the Government ; but it may establish new services and reform or 
 give greater scope to those already existing by enactment of special 
 laws. 
 
 Section Sixth. — The initiative^ preparation^ sanction, and promulga- 
 tion of the laws. 
 
 Art. 61. The initiative in respect to the laws is in each of the 
 colegislative bodies without distinction. 
 
 Art. 62. Every bill which shall have passed both colegislative bodies, 
 and every resolution of the said bodies that may have to be executed 
 by the President of the Republic must be presented to him for ap- 
 proval. If he approve them he will sign them at once, otherwise 
 he shall return them with his objections to the colegislative body in 
 which they shall have originated; which body shall enter the said 
 objections at large upon its minutes and will again discuss the bill 
 or resolution. If, after this second discussion, two-thirds of the 
 total number of members of the colegislative body should vote in 
 favor of the bill or resolution, it shall be sent, together with the 
 objections of the President, to the other body, where it shall also be 
 discussed, and if the latter should approve same by like majority it 
 shall become a law. In all the above cases the vote shall be taken by 
 name. 
 
524 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 If within the following ten working days after having received a 
 bill or resolution the President shall not have returned the same, it 
 shall be considered approved and become law. 
 
 If within the last ten days of a legislative session there should be 
 presented to the President of the Republic any bill, and he should 
 decide to take advantage of the entire period, in accordance with the 
 preceding paragraph, granted to him by law for the approval thereof, 
 he shall notif}^ Congress on the same day of his determination, in 
 order that the latter may remain in session, should it so desire, until 
 the expiration of the said period. Should the President not do so, 
 the bill shall be considered approved and become law. 
 
 No bill after being defeated in its entirety by either of the colegis- 
 lative bodies shall be again presented for discussion during the same 
 legislative session. 
 
 Art. 63. Every law shall be promulgated within ten days next fol- 
 lowing the date of its approval by either the President or Congress, 
 as the case may be, according to the preceding article. 
 
 TITLE VII. 
 
 THE EXECUTIVE POWER. 
 
 Section First. — The exercise of executive power. 
 
 Art. 64. The executive power shall be vested in the President of 
 the Republic. 
 
 Section Second. — Tlie President of the Repuhlic^ his poxoers and 
 
 duties. 
 
 Art. 65. The President of the Republic must possess the following 
 qualifications : 
 
 First. He must be a native-born or naturalized Cuban citizen, and 
 in the latter case must have served in the Cuban army in its wars of 
 independence for at least ten years. 
 
 Second. He must have attained to the age of forty years. 
 
 Third. He must be in full possession of his civil and political 
 rights. 
 
 Art. 66. The President of the Republic shall be elected by presi- 
 dential electors on one single day and as provided for by law. 
 
 The term of office shall be four years, and no person shall be Pres- 
 ident for three consecutive terms. 
 
 Art. 6T. The President shall take oath of office, or malvc affirma- 
 tion, before the supreme court of justice, upon taking office, faith- 
 fully to discharge the duties thereof, to comply with and enforce the 
 constitution and the laws. 
 
 Art. 68. Tlie duties of the President of the Republic are : 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 525 
 
 First. He shall sanction and promulgate the laws, execute and 
 enforce them ; issue, when Congress may not have done so, the regu- 
 lations for the better enforcement of the laws, and, in addition thereto, 
 the decrees and orders which, for this purpose and for all that which 
 pertains to the control and administration of the nation, he may deem 
 proper, without in any case violating the provisions established in 
 said laws. 
 
 Second. He shall convene special sessions of Congress, or of the 
 Senate alone, in the cases specified in this constitution or when in his 
 judgment it may be necessary. 
 
 Third. He shall adjourn Congress whenever therein an agreement 
 in this jDarticular shall not have been arrived at between the coleg- 
 islative bodies. 
 
 Fourth. He shall present to Congress at the opening of each legis- 
 lative session and at such other times as he may deem proper a 
 message relating to the acts of his administration, demonstrating the 
 general condition of the Eepublic; and he shall furthermore recom- 
 mend the adoption of such laws and resolutions as he may deem nec- 
 essary or advantageous. 
 
 Fifth. He shall present to either House of Congress prior to the 
 15th day of November the project of the annual budgets. 
 
 Sixth. He shall furnish Congress with all the information that it 
 may ask for in reference to all matters that do not demand secrecy. 
 
 Seventh. He shall direct diplomatic negotiations and make treaties 
 with all nations, but he must submit same for the approval of the 
 Senate, without which they shall not be valid or binding upon the 
 Republic. 
 
 Eighth. He shall have the power to freely appoint and remove 
 from office the members of his' cabinet, notifying Congress of such 
 action. 
 
 Ninth. He shall appoint, subject to the approval of the Senate, the 
 chief justice and justices of the supreme court and the diplomatic 
 representatives and consular agents of the Republic, with power to 
 make yro tempore appointments of such functionaries in cases of 
 vacancy when the Senate is not in session. 
 
 Tenth. He shall appoint such other public officers to all positions 
 specified by law whose appointment does not pertain to any other 
 authority. 
 
 Eleventh. He shall have the right to suspend the exercise of the 
 powers enumerated in article 40 of this constitution in such cases 
 and in the manner stated in articles 41 and 42. 
 
 Twelfth. He shall have the right to suspend the resolutions of 
 provincial and municipal councils in such cases and in the manner 
 determined by this constitution. 
 
52G HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Thirteenth. He shall have the right to order the suspension from 
 office of governors of Provinces in case of their exceeding their powers 
 and Adolating the laws, reporting the fact to the Senate, in such man- 
 ner as may be determined, for proper action. 
 
 Fourteenth. He shall have the right to prefer charges against the 
 governors of Provinces in the cases stated in paragraph third of arti- 
 cle 47. 
 
 Fifteenth. He shall have the right to pardon criminals in accord- 
 ance with the provisions of the law, except i3ublic officers who may 
 have been convicted of crimes committed in the performance of their 
 duties. 
 
 Sixteenth. He shall receive the diplomatic representatives and 
 recognize the consular agents of other nations. 
 
 Seventeenth. He shall have at his disposal, as commander in chief, 
 the land and naval forces of the Republic, take proper measures for 
 the defense of its territory, reporting to Congress the action taken for 
 the purpose, and take proper measures for the maintenance of the 
 public peace whenever there shall arise any danger of invasion or any 
 rebellion seriously threatening public safety. At a time when Con- 
 gress is not in session the President shall convene same without delay 
 for proper action. 
 
 Aet. 69. The President shall not leave the territory of the Eepublic 
 without the authority of Congress. 
 
 Art. 70. The President shall be responsible before the supreme 
 court of justice for all ordinary crimes committed by him during his 
 term of office ; but he shall not be indicted without previous authority 
 of the Senate. 
 
 Art. 71. The President shall receive from the State a salary which 
 may be changed at any time; but the change shall not take effect 
 except within the presidential periods next following that in which it 
 may have been agreed upon. 
 
 TITLE VIII. 
 THE VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC. 
 
 Art. 72. There shall be a Vice-President of the Republic, who shall 
 ]je elected in the same manner and for a like period of time as the 
 President and conjointly with the latter. To become Vice-President, 
 the same qualifications prescribed for President by this constitution 
 are necessary. 
 
 Art. 73. The Vice-President of the Republic shall be president of 
 the Senate, but shall be entitled to vote only in case of a tie. 
 
 Art. 74. In case of temporary or permanent absence of the Presi- 
 dent of the Republic, the Vice-President shall substitute him in the 
 exercise of the executive power. Should the absence be permanent, 
 the substitution shall continue until the end of the presidential term. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 527 
 
 Art. 75. The Vice-President shall receive a salary from the State 
 which may be changed at any time, but the change shall not take effect 
 except within the presidential periods next following that in which it 
 may have been agreed upon. 
 
 TITLE IX. 
 
 Art. 76. For the exercise of his powers the President of the Eepub- 
 lic shall have such cabinet ministers as may be prescribed by law, and 
 Cuban citizens only in the full enjoyment of their civil and political 
 rights shall be appointed. 
 
 Art. 77. All decrees, orders, and decisions of the President of the 
 Republic shall bear the referenchiTn of the respective cabinet min- 
 ister, without which they shall not be enforceable and shall not be 
 executed. 
 
 Art 78. The cabinet ministers shall be personally responsible for 
 all acts bearing their referendum and jointly and severally respon- 
 sible for those which they may jointly decree or sanction. This 
 responsibility does not exempt the President from the personal and 
 direct responsibility which he may incur. 
 
 Art. 79. The cabinet ministers shall be impeached by the House 
 of Representatives, in the Senate, in the cases mentioned in paragraph 
 two of article 47. 
 
 Art., 80. The cabinet ministers shall receive a salary from the State 
 which may be changed at any time, but the change shall not go into 
 effect except within the presidential periods next following the one in 
 which it may have been agreed upon. 
 
 TITLE X. 
 
 Section First. — The exercise of judicial powers. 
 
 Art. 81. The judicial power shall be vested in a supreme court of 
 justice and in such other courts as may be established by law. The 
 said law will regulate their respective organization and powers, the 
 manner of exercising the same, and the qualifications that must be 
 possessed by the functionaries composing the said courts. ^ 
 
 Section Second. — Supreme court of justice. 
 
 Art. 82. To be chief justice or a justice of the supreme court the 
 following conditions are required : 
 
 First. To be a Cuban by birth. 
 
 Second. To have attained to the age of thirty-five years. 
 
 Third. To be m the full enjoyment of civil and political rights, and 
 not to have been condemned to any /)e7ia aflictiva for ordinary 
 offenses. 
 
528 HANDBOOK OF CUBA, 
 
 Fourth. To possess, in addition, any of the following qualifications : 
 
 To have practiced in Cuba, during ten years at least, the profesion 
 of law, or discharged for a like period of time judicial duties, or occu- 
 pied for the same number of years a chair of law in an official educa- 
 tional establishment. 
 
 Other persons may be also appointed to the positions of chief justice 
 and justices of the supreme court, provided they possess the qualifica- 
 tions required by conditions 1, 2, and 3 of this article. 
 
 (a) Those persons who may have previously held positions in the 
 judiciary of a similar or next inferior grade for the period that may 
 be provided for by law. 
 
 (&) Those persons who, prior to the promulgation of this constitu- 
 tion, may have been justices of the supreme court of the island of 
 Cuba. 
 
 The time during which lawyers shall have exercised judicial func- 
 tions shall be reckoned as that of the practice of law necessary to 
 qualify them for ajopointment as justices of the supreme court. 
 
 Art. 83. In addition to the powers that may have been conferred 
 previously, or may be in future conferred by the laws, the supreme 
 court shall be vested with the following: 
 
 First. To take cognizance of appeals for the cassation of decisions 
 of inferior courts. 
 
 Second. To decide as to the right of jurisdiction of courts immedi- 
 ately below it, or which may not be under the control of a higher 
 court, common to both. 
 
 Third. To have cognizance of all cases in litigation to which the 
 State, Provinces, and municipalities are parties inter se. 
 
 Fourth. To decide as to the constitutionality of the laws, decrees, 
 and regulations, whenever questions relating thereto shall arise be- 
 tween interested parties. 
 
 Section Third. — General rules relating to the administration of 
 
 justice. 
 
 Art. 84. Justice shall be administered gratuitously throughout the 
 territory of the Republic. 
 
 Art. 85. The courts of law shall have cognizance of all suits, either 
 civil, criminal, or interadministrative (contencioso-administrativos). 
 
 Art. 86. There shall not be created, under any circumstances or 
 title whatsoever, any judicial commission or special courts. 
 
 Art. 87. No judicial functionary shall be suspended or discharged 
 from his office or position except by reason of crime or other serious 
 cause, duly proven, and always after he has been heard. 
 
 Neither shall he be removed to another position without his consent 
 unless it be for the manifest benefit of the public service. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 529 
 
 Art. 88. All judicial functionaries shall be personally responsible, 
 in the manner which the laws may determine, for all violations of the 
 laws committed by them. 
 
 Art. 89. The salaries of judicial functionaries shall be changed 
 only at periods of over five years, the said change to be made by a 
 special law. The law shall not assign different salaries for positions 
 the grade, category, and duties of which are equal. 
 
 Art. 90. Military and naval courts shall be regulated by a special 
 organic law. 
 
 TITLE XI. 
 PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 Section First. — General rules. 
 
 Art. 91. Provinces shall comprise the municipal districts within 
 their limits. 
 
 Art. 92. Each Province shall have one governor and one provincial 
 council, elected by the direct vote of the people in the manner pre- 
 scribed by law. The number of councilmen in each Province shall 
 not be less than eight nor more than twenty. 
 
 Section Second. — Provincial councils and their ^powers. 
 
 Art.. 93. Provincial councils shall have the right to — 
 
 First. Decide all matters concerning the Province, and which, un- 
 der the constitution, treaties, or laws, are not within the general juris- 
 diction of the State or the special jurisdiction of the ayuntamientos. 
 
 Second. Prepare their budgets, providing the necessary incomes to 
 meet them, without any other limitations thereto than that consistent 
 with the tax system of the Government. 
 
 Third. Contract loans for public works for the benefit of the Prov- 
 ince, but voting at the same time the necessary permanent incomes for 
 the payment of the interest and redemption of said loans. 
 
 In order that said loans may be raised, they must be approved by 
 two-thirds of the members of the municipal councils of the Province. 
 
 Fourth. To impeach the governor before the Senate, in the cases 
 specified in paragraph 3 of article 47, whenever two-thirds of the total 
 number of provincial councilmen shall decide, in secret session, to 
 prefer such charges. 
 
 Fifth. To appoint to and remove from office provincial employees, 
 in accordance with provisions which may be established by law. 
 
 Art. 94. Provincial councils shall not reduce or suppress revenues 
 of a permanent character without establishing, at the same time, 
 others in substitution thereof, except when the reduction or suppres- 
 sion shall arise from the reduction or suppression of equivalent per- 
 manent expenses. 
 159a— 05 34 
 
530 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Aet. 95. The decisions of the provincial councils shall be presented 
 to the governor of the Province, and should he approve the same he 
 shall affix his signature thereto. Otherwise he shall return them, 
 with his objections, to the council, which will again discuss the matter. 
 If, after this second discussion, two-thirds of the total number of 
 councilmen should vote in favor of the measure it shall be executed. 
 
 '\'\'Tienever the governor does not, within ten days after the presen- 
 tation of the resolution, return the same, it will be considered ap- 
 proved, and shall, in a like manner, be executed. 
 
 Art. 96. All resolutions of the provincial councils may be sus- 
 pended by the governor of the Province or by the President of the 
 Republic whenever, in their judgment, they may be contrary to the 
 constitution, treaties, laws, or resolutions adopted by the municipal 
 councils in the exercise of their inherent rights. But the right of 
 cognizance and decision of all claims arising from the said sus- 
 pension shall pertain to the courts. 
 
 Art. 97. Neither the provincial councilmen, nor any section of, or 
 comjnission from among their members, or of other persons designated 
 by them, shall have any intervention in election matters pertaining to 
 any election whatsoever. 
 
 Art. 98. The provincial councilmen shall be personally responsible 
 before the courts in the manner prescribed by law for all acts what- 
 soever which they may perform in the exercise of their duties. 
 
 Section Third. — Governors of Provinces and their poxoers. 
 
 Art. 99. The governors of Provinces shall have power to — 
 
 First. Comply with and enforce, in all matters within their juris- 
 diction, the laws, decrees, and general regulations of the nation. 
 
 Second. Publish the resolutions of the provincial councils that may 
 be enforceable, executing the same and causing them to be executed. 
 
 Third. Issue orders, as M^ell as the necessary instructions and regu- 
 lations for the better execution of the resolutions of the provincial 
 councils, when the latter should not have done so. 
 
 Fourth. Call together the provincial councils in special session, 
 whenever in their judgment it may be necessary, stating in the order 
 convening the session the object therof. 
 
 Fifth. Suspend the resolutions of the provincial and municipal 
 councils in the cases determined by this constitution. 
 
 Sixth. Order the suspension of alcaldes from office in cases where 
 they exceed their powers, violate the constitution or the laws, infringe 
 the resolutions of provincial councils, or fail to comply with their 
 duties; reporting such action to the provincial council in such manner 
 as may be provided for by law. 
 
 Seventh. Appoint and remove the employees of his office in such 
 manner as may be provided for by law. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 531 
 
 Art. 100. The governor shall be responsible to the Senate, as speci- 
 fied in this constitution, and to the courts of justice, in all other cases 
 of crime in such manner as may be provided for by law. 
 
 Art. 101. The governor shall receive from the provincial treasury a 
 salary, which may be changed at any time, but the change shall not 
 take effect until after the election of a new governor. 
 
 Art. 102. In case of absence, either temporary or permanent, of the 
 governor of the province, he shall be substituted in the discharge of 
 his official duties by the president of the provincial council. Should 
 such absence be permanent such substitution shall continue until the 
 end of the term for which the governor may have been elected. 
 
 TITLE XII. 
 MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 Section First. — General rules. 
 
 Art. 103. The municipal districts shall be governed by municipal 
 councils composed of the number of councilmen, elected by direct vote, 
 as may be provided for by law. 
 
 Art. 104. In each municipal district there shall be an alcalde, 
 elected by direct vote, as may be provided for by law. 
 
 Section Second. — Municipal councils and their powers. 
 
 Art. 105. The municipal councils shall have power to — 
 
 First. Decide all matters that relate exclusively to municipal dis- 
 tricts. 
 
 Second. Prepare the budgets, providing the necessary revenues to 
 meet them, without further limitations than making them compatible 
 with the tax system of the State. 
 
 Third. Contract loans, but at the same time voting the permanent 
 i-eyenues necessary for the payment of interest and redemption of 
 same. 
 
 In order that said loans may be negotiated, they must be approved 
 by two-thirds of the voters of the municipal districts. 
 
 Fourth. To appoint and remove from office municipal employees, 
 as may be provided for by law. 
 
 ^ Art. 106. The municipal council shall not reduce or suppress any 
 revenues of a permanent nature without providing others at the same 
 time in substitution thereof, except when the reduction 'or suppression 
 arises from the reduction or suppression of equivalent permanent 
 expenditures. 
 
 Art. 107. "The resolutions of municipal councils shall be presented 
 to the alcalde. If the latter should approve them he will attach his 
 signature thereto; otherwise he will return them, with his objections, 
 
532 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 to the inimicipal council, where they will again be discussed. And if, 
 upon this second discussion, two-thirds of the total number of coun- 
 cilmen should vote in favor of any resolution it shall be executed. 
 
 Whenever the alcalde should not return any resolution within ten 
 days after it has been presented to him, it shall be considered 
 approved and shall also be executed. 
 
 Art. 108. The resolutions of municipal councils may be suspended 
 by the alcalde, by the governor of the province, or by the President of 
 the Republic, whenever, in their judgment, such resolutions are con- 
 trary to the constitution, to treaties, to the laws, or to the resolutions 
 adopted by the provincial council by virtue of its inherent rights, but 
 the courts of justice shall take cognizance of and decide all claims 
 arising therefrom. 
 
 Art. 109. Councilmen shall be personally responsible before the 
 courts of justice, as may be provided for by law, for all acts per- 
 formed by them in the exercise of their duties. 
 
 Section Third. — Alcaldes,- their fowers and duties. 
 
 Art. 110. Alcaldes shall be required to — 
 
 First. Publish the resolutions of municipal councils that may be 
 binding, execute and cause the same to be executed. 
 
 Second. To take charge of the administration of municipal affairs, 
 issuing orders for the purpose, as well as instructions and regulations 
 for the better execution of the resolutions of municipal councils, 
 whenever the latter may fail to do so. 
 
 Third. Appoint and remove the employees of his office as may be 
 provided for by law. 
 
 Art. 111. The alcalde shall be personally responsible before the 
 courts of justice as may be prescribed by law, for all acts performed 
 in the discharge of his official duties. 
 
 Art. 112. The alcalde shall receive a salary, to be paid by the 
 municipal treasury, which may be changed at any time; but such 
 change shall not take effect until after a new election has been held. 
 
 Art. 113. In case of either temporary or permanent absence of the 
 alcalde, his official duties shall be discharged by the president of the 
 municipal council. 
 
 Should such absence be permanent, such substitution shall continue 
 for the term for which the alcalde may have been elected. 
 
 TITLE XIII. 
 
 THE NATIONAI. TREASURE. 
 
 Art. 114. All property existing within the territory of the Eepub- 
 lic not belonging to Provinces or nmnicipalities or to individuals, 
 separately or collectively, is the property of the State. 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 533 
 
 TITLE XIV. 
 AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. 
 
 Art. 115. The constitution shall not be amended, in whole or in 
 part, except by a resolution adopted by two-thirds of the total number 
 of members of each colegislative body. 
 
 Six months after an amendment has been agreed upon, a constitu- 
 tional convention shall be convened, the duties whereof shall be 
 limited to either approving or rejecting the amendment voted by the 
 colegislative bodies, which latter shall continue in the performance 
 of their duties with absolute independence of the convention. 
 
 Delegates to the said convention shall be elected by each Province 
 in the proportion- of one for every fifty thousand inhabitants and in 
 the manner that may be provided by law. 
 
 TRANSITORY RULES. 
 
 First. The Republic of Cuba does not recognize any other debts 
 and obligations than those legitimately contracted in behalf of the 
 revolution by the corps commanders of the liberating army subse- 
 quent to the twenty-fourth day of February, 1895, and prior to the 
 nineteenth day of September of the same year, the date on which the 
 Jimaguayu constitution was promulgated, and such debts and obliga- 
 tions as the revolutionary government may have contracted subse- 
 quently, either by itself or through its legitimate representatives in 
 foreign countries. Congress shall classify said debts and obligations 
 and decide as to the payment of those that may be legitimate. 
 
 Second. Persons born in Cuba, or children of native-born Cubans, 
 who, at the time of the promulgation of this constitution, might be 
 citizens of any foreign nation shall not enjoy the rights of Cuban 
 nationality without first and expressly renouncing their said foreign 
 citizenship. 
 
 Third. The period of time which foreigners may have served in the 
 wars of independence of Cuba shall be computed as within that 
 required for the naturalization and residence necessary to acquire the 
 right granted to naturalized citizens in article 49. 
 
 Fourth. The basis of population which is established in relation to 
 ^the election of representatives and delegates to the constitutional 
 convention in articles 48 and 115 may be changed by law whenever, 
 in the judgment of Congress, it should become necessary through the 
 increase of the number of inhabitants, as may be shown by the census 
 which may be periodically taken. 
 
 Fifth. Senators, at the time of the first organization of the Senate, 
 shall divide into two groups for the purpose of determining their 
 respective tenures of office. 
 
534 HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 
 
 Those comprising the first group shall cease in their duties at the 
 expiration of the fourth year, and those comprising the second group 
 at the expiration of the eighth year. It shall be decided by lot which 
 of the two senators from each Province shall belong to either group. 
 
 The law will provide the procedure for the formation of the two 
 groups into which the House of Representatives shall be divided for 
 the purpose of its partial renewal. 
 
 Sixth. Ninety days after the promulgation of the electoral law, 
 which shall be prepared and adopted by the constitutional conven- 
 tion, the election of public officers provided for by the constitution 
 shall be proceeded with, for the transfer of the Government of Cuba 
 to those elected, in conformity with the provisions of Order No. 301 
 of Headquarters Division of Cuba, dated July 25, 1900. 
 
 Seventh. All laws, decrees, regulations, orders, and other rulings 
 which may be in force at the time of the promulgation of this consti- 
 tution shall continue to be observed, in so far as they do not conflict 
 with the said constitution, until such time as they may be legally 
 revoked or amended. 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Article I. The Government of Cuba shall never enter into any 
 treaty or other compact with any foreign power or powers which will 
 impair or tend to impair the independence of Cuba, nor in any way 
 authorize or permit any foreign power or powers to obtain by colo- 
 nization or for naval or military purposes, or otherwise, lodgment 
 or control over any portion of said island. 
 
 Art. II. That said Government shall not assume or contract any 
 public debt to pay the interest upon which, and to make reasonable 
 sinking-fund provision for the ultimate discharge of which, the ordi- 
 nary revenues of the island of Cuba, after defraying the current 
 expenses of the Government, shall be inadequate. 
 
 Art. III. That the Government of Cuba consents that the United 
 vStates may exercise the right to intervene for the preservation of 
 Cuban independence, the maintenance of a government adequate for 
 the protection of life, property, and individual liberty, and for dis- 
 charging the obligations with respect to Cuba imposed by the treaty 
 of Paris on the United States, now to be assumed and undertaken by 
 the Government of Cuba. 
 
 Art. IV. That all the acts of the United States in Cuba during the 
 military occuj^ancy of said island shall be ratified and held as valid, 
 and all rights legally acquired by virtue of said acts shall be main- 
 tained and protected. 
 
 Art. V. That the Government of Cuba will execute, and, as far as 
 necessary, extend the plans already devised, or other plans to be mutu- 
 
HANDBOOK OF CUBA. 535 
 
 ally agreed upon, for the sanitation of the cities of the island, to the 
 end that a recurrence of epidemic and infectious diseases may be pre- 
 vented, thereby assuring protection to the people and commerce of 
 Cuba, as well as to the commerce of the southern ports of the United 
 States and the people residing therein. 
 
 Art. VI. The island of Pines shall be omitted from the boundaries 
 of Cuba specified in the constitution, the title of ownership thereof 
 being left to future adjustment by treaty. 
 
 Art. VII. To enable the United States to maintain the independ- 
 ence of Cuba, and to protect the people thereof, as well as for its own 
 defence, the Cuban Government will sell or lease to the United States 
 the lands necessary for coaling or naval stations, at certain specified 
 points, to be agreed upon with the President of the United States. 
 
 Art. VIII. The Government of Cuba will embody the foregoing 
 provisions in a permanent treaty with the United States. 
 
IISTDEX. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Acreage of crops 102 
 
 Agents 24, 26, 30 
 
 Agriculture 65 
 
 Acquisition of land 66 
 
 Areas under cultivation 67 
 
 Cocoa 99 
 
 Coffee ' 97 
 
 Corn ' 88 
 
 Cotton 94 
 
 Cultivation 68 
 
 Farms, size of 102 
 
 Values 66, 314 
 
 Henequen 95 
 
 Honey I34 
 
 Lands 66 
 
 Sales , 70 
 
 Malangas 91 
 
 Potatoes 89 
 
 Public lands 71 
 
 Ramie 95 
 
 Rice 89 
 
 Sugar 73, 128 
 
 Cane 85 
 
 Estates 127 
 
 Sweet potatoes 89 
 
 Tobacco 81, 86 
 
 Truck gardens 101 
 
 Vegetables 102 
 
 Yams 90 
 
 Aguardiente 80 
 
 Alligator pears 103 
 
 Alcohol 128 
 
 Animal products I33 
 
 Area \ 5 
 
 Army 9 
 
 Payment of 237 
 
 Asbestos mines II3 
 
 Asphaltmines 113, 122, 125 
 
 Attorneys 24 
 
 -Baijanas 91 
 
 Banes, city 61 
 
 Banks - . - 231 
 
 Checks 29 
 
 Baracoa, cit}^ 60 
 
 Bee culture I33 
 
 Beeswax 134 
 
 Beef cattle 108 
 
 Bibliography 315 
 
 Bills of exchange 24 
 
 Bills of lading. 25 
 
 Books relating to, list of ' 315 
 
 Bonds 241 
 
 Boots 150 
 
 537 
 
538 INDEX. 
 
 Breweries 132 
 
 Brokers 26 
 
 Camaguey Province 55 
 
 Caoutchouc 100 
 
 Capacity, measures of 310 
 
 Cartography 447 
 
 Cattle J05, 110 
 
 Importations 109 
 
 Checks 29 
 
 Chinese immigration 263 
 
 Chocolate 132 
 
 Cities, population of 13 
 
 Citizenship 21 
 
 Civil engineers, foreign 312 
 
 Claims, assignments of 24 
 
 Climate 10 
 
 Coal mines 113 
 
 Cocoa 99 
 
 Cocoanut 101 
 
 Coffee 97 
 
 Coinage 230 
 
 Commerce 135, 154 
 
 Commercial laws 23 
 
 Commission merchants 30 
 
 Common carriers T 26 
 
 Congress 17 
 
 Constitution 513 
 
 Constitutional guarantees 19 
 
 Contracts 29 
 
 Copper mines 113, 1 20, 126 
 
 Copyrights 280, 283 
 
 Corn ■ 88 
 
 Corporations, foreign 31 
 
 Cotton 94 
 
 Courts 18 
 
 Cultivation of land 68 
 
 Custard apple . : 103 
 
 Customs laws 168, 190 
 
 Changes in 176 
 
 Duty on live stcx-k 105 
 
 Index to 223 
 
 Eegulations 176 
 
 Surtaxes 180 
 
 Drafts 24 
 
 Dynamite imports 188 
 
 Education 274 
 
 History of _ .' 267 
 
 Engineers, foreign 312 
 
 Epidemics 15 
 
 Executive 18 
 
 Expenditures 235 
 
 Exports 139, 143 
 
 By countries 149, 156, 160 
 
 By ports 144 
 
 Of fruits 145 
 
 Factors 30 
 
 Farms, size of 102 
 
 Fauna 9 
 
 Figs 103 
 
 Finances 234 
 
 Fisheries 133 
 
 Flora 9 
 
 Food imports 165 
 
 Foreign corporations 31 
 
 Foreign engineers 312 
 
 Foreign insurance companies 313 
 
INDEX. 539 
 
 Page. 
 
 Forests „ 71 
 
 Fruits 102 
 
 Alligator pear,s 103 
 
 Bananas 91 
 
 Caimito „ 103 
 
 Cocoanuts 101 
 
 Custard apples 103 
 
 Figs 103 
 
 Granadilla 103 
 
 Guanabana 103 
 
 Guavas ___ 103 
 
 Limas 104 
 
 Limes 104 
 
 Mammee 104 
 
 Mamoncilloes 104 
 
 Mangoes 104 
 
 Oranges 93 
 
 Paw paws '. 104 
 
 Pineapijles 92 
 
 Plums 104 
 
 Geology -. 8 
 
 Gold mines 113 
 
 Government 17 
 
 Expenses 235 
 
 Graphite mines 113 
 
 Gunpowder imports : 188 
 
 Habana, city 39 
 
 Province 50 
 
 Heniquen 95 
 
 Manufacture , 130 
 
 Highways 252 
 
 Honey 134 
 
 Hurricanes 11 
 
 Hydrography 8 
 
 Immigration 258 
 
 By countries 259 
 
 By ports 260 
 
 Laws regulating 261 
 
 Imports 136, 139 
 
 By countries 148, 156, 160 
 
 By ports 144 
 
 Food 165 
 
 Manufactured articles 163 
 
 Prohibited articles 188 
 
 India rubber 100 
 
 Indian corn 88 
 
 Insurance companies, foreign 313 
 
 Interest 33 
 
 Iron millet - - 113, 116, 126 
 
 Judicial po'v^^e*^ 18 
 
 Lands , 66 
 
 Cultivati^ - 68 
 
 Lead mines 113 
 
 Legislature 1^ 
 
 Lengua de vaca 96 
 
 Lime 124 
 
 Limes 103 
 
 Limitation of actions 31 
 
 Limited partnerships 32 
 
 Live stock 105 
 
 Duty on '. 105 
 
 Loans 33 
 
 For payment of armv 237 
 
 Mail lines ' 255 
 
 Maize 88 
 
 Malangas 91 
 
540 INDEX. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Manganese mines 113, 118, 126' 
 
 Manufacturing 127 
 
 Maps of Cuba, list of 447 
 
 Marble 125 
 
 Married women 34 
 
 Matanzas, province 53 
 
 Measures of capacity, etc 309 
 
 Mineral concessions 114 
 
 Mining laws 113, 126 
 
 Mines 113, 115 
 
 Molasses 79 
 
 Money 230 
 
 Money orders 254 
 
 Mortality 16 
 
 Mountain systems 6 
 
 Naphtha 126 
 
 Navigation 146 
 
 ;^ame 90 
 
 Oranges 93 
 
 Oriente, province 56 
 
 Orography 6 
 
 Oxide of lead mines 113 
 
 Partnership 34 
 
 Limited 32 
 
 Pasa de Negro 96 
 
 Patents •. 280 
 
 American 305 
 
 Foreign 306 
 
 Laws 284, 303 
 
 Petroleum 132 
 
 Trade regulations 189 
 
 Pineapples .' ^ 92 
 
 Pinar del Rio, province 49 
 
 Population 11 
 
 Cities 13 
 
 Provinces 12, 48 
 
 Postal service 253 
 
 Mail lines 255 
 
 Money orders 254 
 
 Potatoes - 89 
 
 President 18 
 
 Provinces, area and population 12, 48 
 
 Government 19 
 
 PubUc lands 71 
 
 Puerto Principe, province {see Camaguey ) 55 
 
 Races, census of 13 
 
 Railroads 243 
 
 Freight , 26 
 
 Rainfall 11 
 
 Ramie 95 
 
 Real estate values 314 
 
 Encumbrances 314 
 
 Reciprocity convention 168 
 
 Rfciigion 38 
 
 Revenues 235 
 
 Rice 89 
 
 Right of suffrage 21 
 
 Rivers 8 
 
 Rubber 100 
 
 Rum 80 
 
 Sales 35 
 
 Land .• - 70 
 
 Salt mines 1 25 
 
 Sanitary regulations 15 
 
 Santa Clara province 54 
 
 Santiago, city 58 
 
 Province ( see Oriente) 56 
 
 LBAp'06 
 
INDEX. 541 
 
 Page. 
 
 Senate 17 
 
 Shipping regulations 152 
 
 Shoes - 150 
 
 Snake skin 96 
 
 Soap manufacture ' 132 
 
 Statute of limitations 31 
 
 Steamships 256 
 
 Stock raising •. . 105 
 
 Stocks, value of 241 
 
 Stone 124 
 
 Sugar 73, 128 
 
 Cane 85 
 
 Estates 127 
 
 Surplus, treasury 234 
 
 Surtaxes 180 
 
 Sweet potatoes 89 
 
 Tare 1 85 
 
 Tariff laws 168,190 
 
 Changes 176 
 
 Index 223 
 
 Surtaxes , 180 
 
 Regulations 1 76 
 
 Textile manufacture 130 
 
 Tobacco - - - 81, 86 
 
 Manufacture 129 
 
 Topography 5 
 
 Trade-marks 280 
 
 Law 292, 303 
 
 Treasury surplus , 234 
 
 Treaties 314 
 
 Truck gardens. 101 
 
 United States, commerce with 136, 147, 154 
 
 Eeciprocity convention , 168 
 
 Vegetables 102 
 
 Vendor's lien , 36 
 
 Vital statistics 14 
 
 Warehouse receipts 37 
 
 Water power 313 
 
 Weights 309 
 
 Winds 11 
 
 Yams 90 
 
 Yellow fever 16 
 
 Yuca - 90 
 
 Zinc mines 113 
 
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 80 
 
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