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 M:iCHIGA_ISr. 
 
 J-uly 4rtli, ^. ID., 1876. 
 
 -BY- 
 
 SAMUEL B. BROWN. 
 
 HILLSDALE: 
 
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HISTORY OF RANSOM. 
 
 Its Formation— Early Settlement— Early Settlers- 
 Population- Statistics, ^'C, (j-C. 
 
 lu compliance with the act of Congress, requesting that a historical ora- 
 tion of each township be delivered in each township July 4th, 1876, and by 
 request of the GovernQi-, the following historical sketch of the township of 
 Ransom was compiled and delivered at the celebration at Eansom, July 4th, 
 by Samuel B. Brown, of that township: 
 
 PERIOD FIRST, 
 
 Extended from the creation of the 
 world to the discovery of America by 
 Columbus, A. D., 1492. 
 
 "In the beginning, God created the 
 Heavens and the Earth-" 
 
 Geologists and Moses may settle the 
 time, included in this period of our his- 
 tory. Our object is accomplished when 
 we record the fact that Ransom was a 
 portion of this earth. 
 
 PERIOD SECOND, 
 
 Extends from the discovery of America 
 by Columbus unto the settlement of 
 this country by the Pilgrims, at Plim- 
 mouth, Massachusetts, A. D., 1620. 
 
 During the time included in this 
 second period of our history, various 
 and numerous expeditions for the ex- 
 ploration and settlement of the con- 
 tinent of North America, sailed from 
 different countries of Europe. The ex- 
 pedition that sailed in the May Flower, 
 and landed on Plymouth rock, became 
 a success, and North America was set- 
 tled by the race of men that now inhab- 
 it it, in Latitude 4i ® 50' north and in 
 Longitude 7 ° 30' west from Washing- 
 ton, and you will be in Ransom, thus 
 showing Ransom to be included in and 
 forming a part of North America. 
 
 PERIOD THIRD, 
 
 Extends from the settlement of the 
 country, A. D., 1620, until the Declara- 
 tion of the Independence of the United 
 of America July 4, A. D. 1776. 
 
 The success attending the settlement 
 in Massachusetts, stimulated settle- 
 ments in other portions of the country, 
 and by other countries. England, 
 France and Germany, vied with each 
 other in their efforts to get possession 
 of the couutiy and effect settlements, 
 the English occupied New England and 
 the Atlantic coast generally as far 
 south as Georgia. The Dutch discov- 
 ered the Hudson river, and effected 
 settlement at New York, and as far up 
 the river as Albany. The French dis- 
 covered the St. Lawrence river and ef- 
 fected settlement at various points and 
 on the upper lakes, and established a 
 line of trading posts from Lake Erie to 
 the Ohio river and the Mississippi riv- 
 er to New Orleans, and were in posses- 
 sion of the country in the region of the 
 lakes and the valleys of the Ohio and 
 Mississippi rivers, as early as the fore 
 part of the eighteenth century. Pre- 
 vious to July 4,1776, England by treaty 
 stipulations and wars, had got posses- 
 sion, and exercised jurisdiction over 
 the St. Lawrence and the great lakes. 
 
the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, and 
 the lands adjoining the same. The 
 various colonies of Great Britain that 
 took part in the Declaration of Inde- 
 pend^^uce, claimed as their territory all 
 the country south and west of the St. 
 Lawrence and the great lakes — thus 
 Ransom was included in the Declara- 
 tion of Independence. 
 
 PERIOD FOURTH, 
 
 Extends from the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence in 1776, unto the admission 
 of Michigan as a State into the Union, 
 in January 1837. 
 
 During the first ten years following 
 the Declaration of Independence, no 
 mention is made of our immediate io- 
 eality, but on the 13th day of July 17^7, 
 an ordinance for the government of the 
 teri'itory of the United States north- 
 west of the river Ohio, was passed in 
 Congress. In Congress, Aug. 7, 1789, 
 an act was passed regulating the inter- 
 course between the territorial officers 
 and the general government. In Con- 
 gress, May 8, 1792, an act conferring 
 additional powers upon territorial offi- 
 cers was passed In Congress, Jan. 11, 
 1805, an act to divide the Indian ter- 
 ritory into two separate governments 
 was passed, this act set ofi' from the 
 other Indian territory, the land north 
 of the southern extremity of lake Mich- 
 igan, and lying between lake Michigan 
 and lake Erie, and extending north to 
 the northern bouudary.of the United 
 States into a separate territory and 
 called it Michigan, with the seat of 
 government at Detroii,. Settlements 
 of the territory of Michigan progressed 
 slowly for many years; an unfavorable 
 impression that the country was 
 swampy and unfit for cultivation pre- 
 vailed to a large extent. At the date 
 of the admission of Michigan to the 
 Union as a State, the population did 
 not^xceed, according theU. S. census, 
 40,000, and among them was Rowland 
 Bird and family of Ransom, the first 
 and only white inhabitant of this town. 
 
 PERIOD FIFTH, 
 
 Extends from January 1837, the date 
 of the admission of Michigan into the 
 Union until July 4, A. D. 1876. 
 
 With the present period of our his- 
 tory commenced active operation in the 
 settement of Ransom. Rowland Bird, 
 a native of Massachusetts, who had 
 
 previously lived in Wayne county New 
 York; in the year 1832, in October,, 
 moved into Michigan, and located in the 
 town of Syl/ania, now in the State of 
 Ohio, From Sylvania he came to Ran- 
 som, where he arrived March 8, 1836. 
 With him came his wife and seven 
 children, four daughters and three 
 sons; also a young man, by the name 
 of Leander Candee, as a man* of all 
 a)l work; what his wages were, or for 
 what he served, the only record we 
 have is, that four years after, to- wit., 
 March 1840, he took to wife Lorinda 
 Bird, and no doubt considered himself 
 amply repaid for all the privations and 
 ' hardships he had endured. 
 
 For one or two years Mr. Birds fam- 
 ilys only neighbors were the wild ani- 
 mals, witii which the forests abounded, 
 and an occasional traveler in search of 
 t a location to settle. The next family 
 in town was Orrin Cobb's, on the west 
 I town line; he was soon followed by a 
 numlier of families, and in the spring 
 of 1840 the inhabitants of the town 
 numbered about one hundred, and 
 measures were taken to organize the 
 town. On the sixth day of April 1840, 
 an election of township officers was 
 held at the house of Alexander Palmer, 
 on section four in town eiglat south of 
 range two west, and the town was 
 named Rowland, and included town 
 eight and fraction nine, running south 
 to the State line. 
 
 The townshii? record furnish the fol- 
 lowing particulars. 
 
 Inspectors of election Rowland 
 
 Bird. Orin Cobb, Rufus Rathburn, and 
 Joseph Howe. 
 
 Clerk — Thomas Burt. 
 
 Number of votes polled was eighteen. 
 
 For Supervisor, Leander Candee re- 
 ceived 18. For Town Clerk, Israel S, 
 Hodges received 18. For Treasurer, 
 Rowland Bird received 18. For As- 
 Assessor, Matthew Armstrong. Row- 
 land Bird and Orin Cobb receiv- 
 ed each 18. For Collector, Alex- 
 ander Palmer received 18. For School 
 Inspectors, Matthew Armstrong, Israel 
 S. Hodges and James H. Babcock re- 
 ceived 18. For Directors of the Poor, 
 Joseph Howe and William Phillips i-e- 
 ceived each 18 votes. For Commis- 
 sioners of Highways, James H. Bab- 
 cock, Alexander Palmer, and Henry 
 Cornell received 18. For Justice of 
 the Peace, Rowland Bird, James H. 
 
5 
 
 Babcock, Mattliew Armsti'f np; and 
 Heury Cornell receivt-d each 18. For 
 Coustables, Alexander Palmer, Joseph 
 Phillips, Amos S. Drake and Altxau- 
 der Findiey receiv-ed IS votes. 
 
 There were twenty-eight officers and 
 eighteen voters, there being more otK- 
 cers than voters; but one ticket was 
 put in the field. In 1841 there being 
 more voters than officers, two tickets 
 were run, and the parties were very 
 evenly divided; for Supervisor Nelson 
 Doty received 17 votes, and Leander 
 Candee i-eceived 1(5 votes; the candi- 
 dates for Clerk received 16 votes each. 
 
 In 1848, the record reads — the town- 
 ship of Ransom, formei-ly Rowland, 
 June 4, 1849, recorded as Bird, form- 
 erly Ransom. April 13, 1850, the re- 
 cortl reads — township of Bird. April 
 26, 1850 it reads— township of Ransom. 
 We have seen maps of AFichigan in 
 which this town is called Fenton, but 
 it appears nowhere on the records of 
 the town. The name of Ransom has 
 continued iminterupted since 1850, and 
 DOW holds the town by riglit of pos- 
 session. The fir.st town meeting voted 
 to raise $25 to be used as a bounty for 
 killing wolvts, and the same sum as 
 bounty money for killing bears. ,$125 
 was voted for township expenses. Of 
 the twenty-eight names mentioned in 
 connection with the first township 
 meeting but two are living in town at 
 present, viz., Thomas Burt and Alex- 
 ander Palmer. The first framed build- 
 ing in town was a barn built by Row- 
 land Bird, in 1838, men coming as far 
 as from Jouesville to the raising. The 
 first school taught in town was by Lu- 
 cinda Bii-d, in a shant}^ on the north 
 west quarter of section eight, on the 
 land now owned by Geo. W. Boothe, 
 in the summer of 1838; three families 
 sent to school, Mr. Cobb, Mr. Hodges 
 and Mr. Bird. The first school house 
 was built in district No. 2, near the 
 sight of the present house, in 1839 or 
 1840. The first frame school house 
 was built in 1844, in district No. 7, on 
 the site now occupied by the brick one 
 in said district. There are eight school 
 houses in town at present, three brick 
 and five frame buildings. The first 
 birth that occurred in this town was a 
 child of Mr. and Mrs. James H. Bib- 
 cock, in 1839. The first death was Al- 
 len Bird, March 8, 1839, just three 
 years from the day Mr. Bird arrived in 
 
 town; his age was sixteen. The first 
 sermon ])reached was at the funeral of 
 AHt*!) Bird, and was preached bv the 
 Rev. Mr. Ambler, of Osseo. The first 
 marriage was Jane Drake, daughter of 
 Deacon Drake, in the south part of 
 the town (now Amboy) in 1839. 
 
 The organization of Ransom in com- 
 parison of other towns in the county, 
 it was one of the last, the first town or- 
 ganizatif>n affecting this town was Mos- 
 co in 1835; it included towns 5, 6, 7, 8, 
 and fraction 9, south of range 2 west. 
 In 1837 Jefferscm was organized as 
 Florida, and for three years Florida 
 exercised a fatherly care over this 
 town, laying out roads, collecting taxes 
 etc. Woodbridge was organized the 
 same year this town was, and in 1841 
 Cambria was oiganized; Wright, in 
 1838 was organized as Canaan, and the 
 first settlers in Ransom lived not far 
 from the land of Canaan. In 1850 Am- 
 boy was organized as a town made up 
 of one tier of sections from town 8, 
 south 2 west, and one tier from 8 south 
 3 west, and fractionals 9 south 2 west, 
 and 9 south 3 west, which leaves Ran- 
 som a fractional town with 30 sections 
 instead of 36. 
 
 In 1839, we have already mentioned 
 that one son of Mr.Bird's died. In April 
 1840; within two months of the time 
 she was married, Mrs. Candee, his 
 eldest daughter, died April 9th, the 
 same day Eunice Bird, his youngest 
 daughter, died, both of scarlet fever. 
 September 18, 1840, Mr. Bird's young- 
 est son died, aged six years. Septem- 
 ber 22, four days after the death of his 
 son, Rowland Bird died, aged 47 years. 
 Of the remainder of the family two are 
 now living, Mrs. Nelson Doty, of Ran- 
 som, and her sister in Sylvania, Ohio. 
 
 The spiritual wants of the inhabi- 
 tants of Ransom have not wholly been 
 neglected; churches have been organ- 
 ized, meeting houses built, and the 
 gospel bx'ought within the reach of all 
 the inhabitants. There are five meet- 
 ing houses in town, the First Congre- 
 gational, erected in 1855; the next the 
 Methodist Episcopal; the Seventh Day 
 Advents have a house, and the United 
 Brethren have two houses in town, 
 with arrangements made for building 
 a third. There is no place in town 
 where intoxicating liquors are sold as 
 a beverage, and never has been, except 
 it was sold clandestinely. The first 
 
6 
 
 church organization was the Congrega- 
 tional church, orgauizetl May 19, 18i8. 
 In this history it will be impossible 
 to specify year by year the improve- 
 ments made, or the increase of popula- 
 tion; but by a comparison of the pres- 
 ent with forty years ago, we shall arrive 
 at the facts in the case. In 1838, forty 
 years ago. Ransom was an unbroken 
 forest, not one acre of cleared land, but 
 all heavy timber. Of the 19,185 acres 
 of land in Ransom, 12,071 acres are im- 
 proved, 2,111 acres are included in the 
 highways and partial improvements, 
 and 5,099 acres are wood. The im- 
 provements including highways aver- 
 age nine acres to every inhabitaut of 
 the town. Forty years ago people 
 traveling in Rmsom with a team had 
 to cut and clear a road, to-day there 
 are in Ransom seventy miles of high- 
 way, occupying .569 acres of land. The 
 inhabitants of Ransom have invested 
 in their highways a capital of 870,400, 
 and are expending annually .$2,009 in 
 repairing. their highways. (It is no 
 part of this history to state whether 
 the roads are as good as the investment 
 ought to furnish.) Forty years ago 
 there was not a rod of fence in Ran- 
 som; to-day there are 429 miles of 
 fence, at 50 cents a rod is .$169 a mile, 
 making .$57,299, the cost of fences, not 
 including any repairs. Forty years 
 ago there was one dwelling house in 
 Ransom, to-day there are 341; then 
 there was one family, to-day there are 
 346; then there were ten inhabitants in 
 town latest statistics give us 1,.539. 
 The census of 1874 furnish us with 
 items of interest, some of which we 
 will record. In 1873 1,982 acres of 
 wheat were harvestedin Ransom, yield- 
 ing 24,871 bushels, 13 bushels per acre; 
 1,852 acres of corn were harvested, 
 yealding 99,660 bushels of ears, 51 
 bushels au acre. In 1874 there were 
 522 acres of apple orchards in Ran- 
 som; sheep 1,848; hogs 1,138; horses 
 577; mules 5; oxen 46: cows 886; wool 
 sheared in 1873, 16,079 lbs; pork sold 
 183,504 lbs; cheese made 49,882 lbs; 
 butter made 89,580 lbs. In comparing 
 the productions of Ransom in 1873 
 with the productions of Hillsdale coun- 
 ty in 1840, we have the following re- 
 sults in 1840: Hillsdale county produc- 
 ed 80,250 bushels of wheat; Ransom in 
 1873 produced 24,871 bushels cf wheat; 
 in 1840 the county produced 82,757 
 
 bushels of corn; Ransom in 1873 pro- 
 duced 99,669 bushels of corn. Tlie 
 dairv protluct of Hillsdale County in 
 1840 was worth $5,628; the dairy pro- 
 duct of Ransom iu 1873 was .$21,152,75. 
 
 The earlier settlers were all on an 
 equal footing, all lived iu log houses, 
 all choped and cleared laud; all shot 
 wild animals; all had their axe and 
 gun, the strife among them was who 
 should make the litrgest clearing. It 
 is said that history repeats itself, and I 
 shall state the situation correctly if I 
 quote from Sacred History: "A man 
 was famous according as he had lifted 
 up his axe against the thick trees." 
 Ransom abounded in men of fame. It 
 is within the recollection of the grown 
 up boys and girls to-day, who had the 
 first carpet on their floor; who had the 
 first framed house; who had the first 
 buggy; who had the first mowing ma- 
 chine; the first s-wing machine, or the 
 first melodeon. But not one of them 
 can tell how many of these articles 
 there are in town to-day, for they have 
 ceased numbering them. Those early 
 days were not without their recreations. 
 Raisings, logings, huskings, and quilt- 
 ings were recreations, and the fiddle 
 the only musical instrument, iu town 
 was available in every house as occa- 
 sion required. When they got married 
 some paid the justice in money, some 
 in work, some got trusted, and some 
 paid a broom. 
 
 The geuious of our people was al- 
 ways equal to all emergencies, many a 
 family has wintered in a house without 
 a dooi% or window, or lower fioor; the 
 way they managed, they put the stove 
 and bed iu the chambei and lived up 
 there. Tha bear and wolf were kept 
 from the door in the day time with the 
 riflle; and from the bed side in the 
 night by drawing the ladder into the 
 chamber. When one of our first set- 
 tlei's wanted sash for the windows of 
 his new log house he got up iu the 
 morning and started for Jonesville, fol- 
 lowing Indian trails, and blazed trees, 
 arrived at his destination he»bought 
 his sash for five windows, paid for 
 them every cent of money he had, 
 strung them on his arms and turned 
 his steps homeward where he arrived 
 late in the evening, not having eaten a 
 mouthful since he left home in the 
 morning. Another man wanting some 
 oats for seed took with him his boy 
 
thirteen years old nnrl stnrteci; he got 
 his oats two or three rniles this side of 
 Hudson; he took two Imshtls liis boy 
 one, putting them on their slionlders 
 they started for lionie; between, two 
 and three o'ch-;ck they came ih sight of 
 the house, and that boy laid his bag on 
 the ground and laid down on it the 
 tiredest he ever was. When those oats 
 were sown they were not Avild oats. 
 These incidents show how the first set- 
 tlers lived. Some of the first settlers 
 bought their land of the government, 
 but most of them bought second hand. 
 Only three or four now living in town 
 received their deeds from the govern- 
 ment, iwo are Gilbert Rowland, and 
 Thomas Burt. 
 
 This town has had sixteen different 
 supervisors, nine served one year each, 
 four served two years each, two served 
 five years, and one served ten years. 
 There has been levied upon the town 
 for incidental expenses an average of | 
 S190.00 a year since its organization; | 
 the largest sum was .$300., the smallest 
 was S25. The town of Ransom is 
 square with the world owing no one, 
 and no one owing them. At the organ- 
 ization of the town, 23 officers served 
 the town, now 16 officers fill the bill. 
 The duties formerly performed by six 
 officers are now executed by the super- 
 visor, and one man does the duties of 
 Commissioner of Highways. 
 
 The first resident Physician in Kan- 
 Bom, was Dr. Lee. The first store in 
 Ransom, was kept by Dr. Lee, in 1851. 
 The first store in Ransom village, 
 was kept by Ichabod Stedman, in 1855. 
 A Post Office was first established in 
 Ransom in 1847; A. T. Kimball was 
 Post master, residence on Section 9; 
 mail once a week. The first sawmill in 
 town was built by Mr. Gay, in south 
 part of town, now in Amboy. Grist 
 mills, the town has never had but a 
 short time, not long enough to get used 
 to it. The inhabitants of this town go 
 to Amboy, Pioneer, Cambria, Jeffer- 
 son, Wright or Hillsdale to mill. The 
 first settlers used to go to Tecumseh 
 with their grists. 
 
 Ransom has had her share of fires. 
 Some ten or twelve families have lost 
 their dwellings, and all or part of their 
 household goods and provisions. C. 
 B. Shepard met with the first loss of 
 this kind in the fall of 1841 in Oct.; 
 with the lumber he had drawn from 
 
 Keene, north of Hudson, for floors and 
 doors to his house. He had built a 
 shanty in which he slept, cooked his 
 meat and potatoes, and stored las ef- 
 fects. He left Saturday afternoon for 
 Adams, to spend the Sabbath, and on 
 Jiis return to bring a load of goods. 
 On Monday when he returned his lum- 
 ber for his UfcW house was gone, and he 
 mistrusted it was burned; from what 
 he could discover he suspected the 
 powder he left in the bottom of the 
 boiler, that was full of tin pans and 
 cooking utensils, had exploded for the 
 woods about there was lull of tin twist- 
 ed and torn in all manner of shapes. 
 .And his suspicions were confirmed by 
 folks living within five or six miles 
 having heard an explosion in that di- 
 rection about sundown Saturday. He 
 never sees a piece of crooked tin but 
 he thinks of the powder he lost. He 
 kept on in the even tenor of his way as 
 best he could after what had happened, 
 and on the 14th day of December, 1841 
 moved his family into his new house, 
 and for the want of lower floor, doors 
 and windows, he lived up stairs the 
 first winter. 
 
 Death by accident has occxirred iu 
 a number of instances. In 1851 Mr. 
 Featherly was killed by a falling limb, 
 while in the woods east of Danforth 
 Bugbees Corners. In 1860 Mr. Joles 
 was killed by lightening; not far from 
 that time old Mr. Siddle was killed 
 while falling a tree, in the southwest 
 part of the town. A young man b\ 
 the name of Ward was killed by falling 
 onto a pitch fork, in the south part of 
 the town. The explosion of a steam 
 boiler in a saw mill on the farm of 
 Charles Burt, in the southeast part of 
 the town in 1872 killed four and injur- 
 ed a number of others. In the north- 
 east part of the town, violent death by 
 premeditated violence, occurred Feb. 
 6th, 1876; Horace A. Burnett was the 
 victim, Jacob Stevick the criminal. 
 
 The great event, the one that most 
 effected Ransom of any that ever oc- 
 curred, was the rebellion. Ransom 
 with a population in I860 of 1,159, and 
 with possibly 300 liable to military du- 
 ty, furnished for the army during the 
 war, for the preservation of the union, 
 one hundred and forty-three (143.) 
 These one hundred and forty-three 
 men, in the language of Jeptha, "put 
 their lives in their hands and passed 
 
8 
 
 over a"gainst the enemy." Forty of 
 this uuuiber hiiJ down their lives for 
 their country. Mauy of theiu hiy in 
 far off and uuknowu gi-aves. lu the 
 Fourth Michigan lufautry, the first 
 regiment that went from this vicinity, 
 enlisted as three months men, and 
 which took part in the first Bull Run, 
 five went from this town; their names 
 were James Tarsney, Riley Aiusworth, 
 Hiram Hartson,Ira Williams and Avery 
 Randall. April 15, 1861, the day the 
 call was made for 75,000 men, James 
 Tarsney was in Hillsdale, from Ran- 
 som, and enlisted. A^jril 16 Riley 
 Ainsworth, Hiram L, Hartsou, Ira 
 Williams and Avery Raudell, enlisted^ 
 being the first from Ransom. Of this 
 number Hiram Hartson only came back, 
 the others died in the service of the 
 country. Eleven years have passed 
 away, tha great oijenings made by the 
 war are closed up, and we have almost 
 forgotten that there Avas a war, but for 
 the record kept by our war supervisor, 
 the late Warren McCutcheon,we should 
 have had no account of many of Ran- 
 soms citizens who went into the war. 
 
 We have no data from whicli we can 
 ascertain the number of births or 
 deaths that have occurred in Ransom 
 since the settlement of the town, but 
 from statistics taken of late years we 
 learn that one birth occurs to every 
 thirty-one inhabitants; and that one 
 death occurs to every seventy inhabi- 
 tants annually. 
 
 How many trees were planted on the 
 fifteenth of April last, in response to 
 the proclamation of Governor Bagley, 
 I am not able to state, but that many 
 trees were planted on that day is a part 
 of this history. 
 
 On this one hundredth anniversai-y 
 of our Nations existence, while Uncle 
 
 Samuel with representatives of all the 
 families of this nation and witb invited 
 guests from every nation on tlie earth, 
 is holding a Cc'lebration at tiie old 
 homested in Philadelphia, in the very 
 room where his existence began, or in 
 the language of another, "where he is 
 holding his second (lohlen Wedding at 
 the old homested," we in Ransom are 
 celebrating the Fortieth Anniversary 
 since the settlement of Ransom, and 
 the Fortieth Anniversary since ti.e ad- 
 mission of Michigan into the Union, or 
 in other words are clebratiug our 'Wool- 
 en Wedding.' 
 
 When I sball have recorded the pro- 
 gramme of the proceedings of this day 
 my work as historian will be finished. 
 
 CELEBRATION IN RANSOM JULY 4, 1876. 
 
 President of the Day — Napoleon 
 Clark. 
 
 Vice Presidents — William H. H. Pet- 
 tit, of Ransom; C. D Luce, of Jeffer- 
 son; Edward Carroll, of Pittsford; 
 George Likely and Leonidus Hubbard, 
 of Wright; William Drake, of Amboy; 
 Peter Hewitt, of Woodbridge. 
 
 Field Marshal — Richard Hart. 
 
 Ground Marshal— T. 0. Baker. 
 
 Chajjlain — Rev. Mr. Stout. 
 
 Reader of the Declaration — Alfred 
 Hart. 
 
 Orator— Rev. D. A. Ide. 
 
 Historian — Samuel B. Brown, 
 
 jMusic by Marshal Band from Pio- 
 neer. 
 
 Procession to form and mai'ch to the 
 grove at ten o'clock a. m., after litera- 
 ry exercises refreshments, the after- 
 noon to be devoted to various sports; 
 in the evening grand torch-light pro- 
 cession and fire works. The fifth pe- 
 riod of our history is clo^l. 
 
 Samuel B.\5rown, 
 
 Historian. 
 
 107 89 
 
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