^ * J <> % o. •%<^ c~>. '' "^', oX'" ^-^ „*^ N C „ '^^ ^ « ft ^ . \ „ V 1 B , '/' * 9 1 * " s . , /°^/. * -^ s ' / •>^, c> /V= ^v ■^•, .\V "^^ o iV eP^^.iX:*"' X '^^ O ^ , X -^ ,0^ ^ ' ■'..■^r-'jfc'Hi ¥'mMi nil it'ask>>r ' ,.;vX/ HE HISTOR WASHINGTON COUNTY IN THE VERMONT HISTORICAL GAZETTEER: INCLUDING A COUNTY CHAPTER, AND THE LOCAL HISTORIES OF THE TOWNS OF MONTPELIER — CAPITAL OF THE STATE, EAST MONTPELIER, Barrc, Berlin, Cabot, Calais, Fayston, Marshfield, Middlesex, Moretown, Northfield, Plainfield, Roxbury, Waitsfield, Warren, Waterbury, Woodbury and Worcester, BY NATIVE AND RESIDENT HISTORIANS. COLLATED AND PUBLISHED BY ABBY MARIA HEMENWAY. MONTPELIER, VT. : VERMONT WATCHMAN AND STATE JOURNAL PRESS. 1882. VHKMONT HISTORICAL GAZETTEEK. --Vol. IV. [COPYRIGHT SKCURED TO MISS HEMENWAY FOR VOLS. IV AND V.] SUBSCRIPXION PRICEIS- Vol. I, II, III, IV. to (Mie Older, or to tlirou<;h suhscrihcrs. in paper, ?5 per vol. ; in black clotli, S6: in halt" Russia. $7. Volume iv, alone, in paper. $C^; in I)lack clotli, $7: in half Russia, 58. As tiie Publishers have back numbers tor all these volumes over tliose to throui^h sul)scril)ers. and to sell this volume alone, breaks a sett, it is not the advance that should be expected for a volume enriched i)y nearly a hundred more portraits and en^ravint^s than any previous volume, and cannot be promised at this price only till three hundred copies may be sold. Vols, i, 11, in, $5 in paper; clotii. S6: hal'f iurkey, $7, any vol. or vols. Washington County Volume, paj^es 932, $6 in cloth, $6.^0 in half Am. morocco; $6.7 j in half Russia, ?7 in all leather. Town Nos. 50 cents each. J'osta^e will be prepaid on all numbers and volumes, in jupcr. and particular care given to the mailing,' where the subscrijjtion is sent to the Tublisher, with the least l^ossible delay. .Mail orders must be paid in advance; express orders, not prei)aid, C. (). D . rublishcr's post-office, .Montpelier, Vt. Vols. I, II, III, IV, ready for delivery. \'ol. I. — The first si.\ \os. : Addison, Bennington, Caledonia, and a i)art of Chit- tenden County, including the County Chapter. Vermont History of Lake Champlain. IJolton and IJurlington, is ]jrinted in Numbers ; Addison, i ; llennington, 2 ; Caledonia, 3 and 4; and 5 and 6, Chittenden County — 50 cents per \uml)er. The balance of Chittenden and Kssex Counties in a half volume, paper, jjrice i?'2.50 Vol. II. — The towns of Franklin, Grand Isle, Lamoille and Orange Counties, 1200 pp. is only printed in whole Volume. Vol. III. — The towns of Orleans and Rutland Counties, ])rinled only in Volume. Vol. IV. — State Volume, 1,200 pages, only 1,000 copies printed, one-half of which are now subscrif)ed for. Hack numl)ers can be supplied for yet a time, but Vol. I, Nos. 3. 4, 5 and 6 are not stereotyped, and no comi)lete vohmies can be made up after Nos. not stereotyi)ed are all exhausted, the work being too expensive to reset. Vols. 11 and ill are stereo- tyi)ed and owned by another jiarty, but it would not pay to .rei)rint short of several hundred orders in advance, which no one would be likely to give for tiie sake of a copy, and who would not order while it can be secured by subscription — so large a work at so low a price for .so small an edition, and there would be little encouragement to i.ssue Vols. II and iii when \'ols. i, iv and v arc not in market. Tliere would not now be a copv of the first half of \'oi. i printed in numbers left, had we not in those old days of cheap printing issued an edition six times as large as we are now print- ing. Vol. IV is not stereotyped ; the type was taken down as fast as the forms were printed for the small edition issued, which had to be small, the cost of printing i.ooo cojiies being two-thirds over any State aid yet provided, and there are no reserve sheets, except a small number for the County V^olume, none for the .State Volume. At first there were sheets laid by, but have been called for and taken for town Nos. and the County Volume. For the towns who wished more cojjies of their own history than of the whole work a part of the edition of Vol. iv was put into numbers of too pages, of which not over 20 copies of .Nos.-i and il only are now unsold ; but of towns since pamijhleted. alone or combined* \itli other towns, there jet remain for sale, (June 7, 1882) 95 copies and no morepfjL'sbot complete in one No. with Calais less I page of its grand list— the new Cat.ot and Calais .No. 92, .NoKTiii-ii!;i.i), comi)lete in one pamphlet of 100 images, with new lithograi)h por- trait, the three State Houses and fifteen other portraits and engravings printed in the letter-page. Gov. I'aine. Rev. John (Gregory, C,en. Alonzo Jackman, Hon. State Sec. Nichols, Judge Carpenter, etc. 90. J'l.AiNKir.i.i), Ro.xiuuv and Favsto.n, in one number. 48, Waitskiici.I), Countv Cmai'TKK, 1)AKRK and r.KKi.iN, in one number. The balance of the edition left of Vol. i and \'oIs. iv and v are owned by .Miss Hcm- cnway : Vols. 11 and iii by Samuel L. Farman of White River Junction. All papers for publication should be sent to Miss Hemenway onlj- ; but both parties at present mutually sell the whole work. Miss Hemenway buying of Mr. Farman \'ols. i and 11 for her sub.scribers, and Mr. Farman of Miss Hemenway, \'ols. i, iv and v, .such being the arrangement //•(? /<•///. Agents may apply to either party. i:^ fc^-- >L WMmM^AX'MM^^ k.. TO THE IIONORAIVLE I'AUJ. DlLLlNdJlAM, I'KK-KMINKNTLY TIIK GOVKKNOR OF WASIIINOTON COUNTY, Who g:ivf liis order for one luiiulred copies of the Hist()ry of Waterbury ; his portrait to the work ; and is also a contril>iitor to tliis volume : TO HIS SON— HON. WM. p. DH.LINCillAM, SENATOR OK WASHINGTON COUNTY, 187S, 1880, Who has variously assisted the work : To Sylvanus F. Nye, Ksq., the Town Historian of llerlin, for an order for one hundred copies of his Town History : To John M. Fisher, Esq., Historian of Cabot, for an order for two hundred and twenty-five Numbers of Cabot: To L. A. Kent, Postmaster at Calais, for an order for one hundred copies of Calais : To V. V. Vaughn, Esq., the Associate Historian of Middlesex, for an order for one hundred and twelve copies of his Town History. To JosEi'H K. Egerton, Hon. V. I). Bradford, M. I)., Rev. Frederick W. liartlett, Hon. Heman Carpenter, for an order for one hundred copies of the His- tory of North field : To Dudley B. Smith, M. D., Historian of Plainfield, for an order for one hun- dred copies of the History of Plainfield : To E. P. lU'RNHAM, merchant, A. N. Tilden, clerk and treas., Okkin 1'. ()K( I'TT, postmaster, Zed.S. Stanton, Esq., and Wilson J. Si.monds. merchant, of Roxbury. for an order for one hundred copies of the History of Iut that it will soon sell, all the towns in the County having an interest in this volume. This County volume costs as much in proportion, without binding, as we sell the State volume for. Every binding added is so much loss to the Publisher on this edition. We will consent (though we ought not, we have so increased the interest and value of the work) to give the cloth binding as an e.xtra to the subscribers, and for other bind- ings must have the difference between them and a cloth binding, and the list may be filled viz. : in cloth, $5 ; in half roan, $5.50 ; in half Russia, $5.75 ; in full leather,' $6 ; and any .subscril)er not willing to accept these terms we will excu.se from taking the volume. To all others, the price on page 11. Mi.ss HEMENWAY, AV/. and Pub. A COUNTY VOLUME Will be published for Ajjoison Cointv, including what is in Vol. i of this work and the supi)lemcntary history of the County, in the State edition ; and a volume also for Bennington Co., Calei)o\i..\, CiiiTTKXDE.x and Essex— including the pa.st and the supplementary history in the State Gazetteer, in one volume, tor any of the above- named Counties, provided a subscription for 100 copies be filed with the Publish- er, not prepaid, only C. O. D. on delivery, for the same, bv the loth of March next. We find tlie people of Washington County manifesting a decided interest in their own County, and this offer is made to provide an easy way for the Counties, also, of our first volume, to have separate County volumes, with all that pertains to their own County hi.story, in one County volume, which, we believe, would be very pleasing to the Counties ; therefore, as our back numbers are not man\-, while vet in time to be able to do so, we have made the proposed edition, and guarantee for, but 100 copies, the price of which we cannot determine till we know how large a supplement will be added to each County, but it shall only be in proportion to the price of the rest of the work. The present Publisher of Vol. in, of this work, has brought it out shortly since in two vols., one for Orleans and one for Rutland County. It was a curious oversight of Mr. Farman in leaA'ing off the name of the Historiographer and Editor of the work from the title page, but he has assured us, he never thought of it, and will put it on to the ne.xt edition, and we presume he may consent, should the Counties in Vol. 11 and 111 wish, when their supplements may b'e completed, they may be combined. Mis.s Hemenway. "^ \K^ ^S^' VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. WASHINGTON COUNTY WASHINGTON COUNTY — INTRO- DUCTORY CHAPTER. BY G. N. BRIGHAM, M. D. Washington County was incorporated Nov. I, 1810, by act of the Legislature, and organized Dec. i, 181 1, with Montpelier as the shire town, taking from the county of Caledonia, Montpelier, Plainfield, Cal- ais, and Marshfield ; from Orange, Barre, Beflin, and Northfield ; from Chittenden, Stowe, Waterbury, Duxbury, Fayston, Waitsfield, Moretown, Middlesex, and Worcester, and was called Jefferson Coun- ty until 1814, when, the Federal party coming into power, it was changed to Washington. It is about 34 miles from north to south, and 31 from east to west, between lat. 44° i' and 44° 32', and long. 4° 10', east from Washington; bounded N. by Lamoille and Caledonia Counties ; E. by Caledonia and Orange Counties ; S. by Orange and Addison Counties, and W. by Addison and Chittenden Counties. There has been added to it, Roxbury from Orange County, in 1820, Elmore from Or- leans, in 1 82 1, Warren from Addison, in 1829, Woodbury from Caledonia, in 1835, and Cabot from Caledonia, in 1855. On the organization of Lamoille County, in 1836, Stowe and Elmore were set off to that County, leaving 17 towns ; by the di- vision of Montpelier into Montpelier and East Montpelier, and the addition of Cabot, the County again had its 19 towns. The County has also two gores, Goshen and Harris', east of Plainfield and Marsh- field. Some of the towns on the west side, upon the ridge of the Green Moun- tains, are hilly and almost inaccessible even for timber, though but a small tract can be called waste land. The surface of the County is somewhat broken, but still it may be classed one of the be^t agricultural counties in the State. The original inhabitants were Abenaqui Indians, a fai^ily of the Algonquin tribe. From their language comes the name of its principal river, which is said to mean the land of leeks, or onions, and was first written Winoosque, or, as some insist, [Mr. Trumbull,] Winoos-ki, two words signifying land and leek. There are occa- sional relics of this ancient people found within this County, and the valley of the Winooski was the great highway through which they made their incursions upon the inhabitants on the Connecticut rive: in its early settlements, and through which they went and returned in that nad in which Royalton was burned. In the State Cabinet is a stone hatchet found in Waitsfield. About 2 miles beiow Montpelier village, on what was once known as " the Collins Farm,"' now^ own- ed by a Mr. Nelson, 40 rods north of the railroad-track, and some 12 rods east of the road leading by Erastus Camp's saw- mill and house, is found what is evidently the remains of an Indian mound. It is rectangular in form, and some 40 to 50 feet across. It has at present an elevation of some 6 feet. It has been lowered by the present owner of the land some 15 inches, and a Mr. John Agila says he help- ed plow and scrape it down many years ago at least 5 feet. Capt. H. Nelson Tap- lin, who is 70 years of age, saw,it when a boy of ten, and thinks its sides had an an- VERMONT HISTORICAL M.A'V/.ZiNK gle of about 60 degrees. Mr. Nelson found an Indian tomahawk, a spear-head, and a relic, showing considerable mechan- ical skill, which we are unable to name, some few rods south of the mound, while plowing his meadow. The mound is situ- ated at the opening of a narrow, glen-like passage running back among the hills, and .is flanked by two opposing bluflfs, the one on the west being the most elevated. It seems to have been set in a natural niche, admirably chosen for its picturesqueness and beauty. In front is a level piece of land bordering the Winooski, nearly a half- mile wide, and li mile long. The soil is light and loamy, exceedingly well adapted to the growing of their maize. Traces of Indian pottery have also been found on the lands here described, and also on one of the lake-made plateaus ab^ve the village. An Indian arrow-head has been found on the high land in the rear of the mound ; and some 4 miles below, opposite to where Mad River empties into Winooski, on the Farrar meadow, was plowed up a stone- gouge, a spear-head, and a stone-axe, all evidently of aboriginal origin, which are deposited in the cabinet at the State House. The axe is of horn stone of the best qual- ity, with a fine edge. The spear-heads are made of chert, a species of flint, but not the gun-flint ; — one finely preserved. Fracturing stone for these Indian imple- ments is said to be an art, and usually done by old men who are disabled from hunting. See page 196, 2d Vol. of Champlain's History: Upon the Champlain. He says " I saw on the east side very high moun- tains," &c. [See also Addison for the same. Vol. I. this work.] There is no doubt the mountains here spoken of were Mansfield and CamePs Hump, and the Winooski the waters by which they were able to go close to the mountains in their canoes. East of Montpelier, i^ mile, there is a large block of limestone which was obvi- ously shaped by human hands, and so closely resembles the Indian monuments for graves, to be seen in the illustrations, Ijy Schoolcraft, as to leave little doubt that it was originally erected as a tombstone, or other memorial of some great aborig- inal event. The whole valley was proba- bly at one time here and there studded with wigwams, and by hunting, fishing, and growing of the maize, for many generations, the families of the red man subsisted here, making a part of that traditional glory be- longing to the once far-famed and powerful tribe known as the Algonquins. Some of the tribe of St. Francis Indians, a family of the Algonquins, have lived around the east- ern border, or within the limits of this County until their families were extinct. Among these were Capt. John and Joe. Capt. John was with a party of Indians at- tached to the American army when Bour- goyne was captured. [See Newbury, Vol. II.] Old Joe used to make frequent visits to Montpelier, stopping for a few days with a family living in an old log house, a little out of the village on the east side of Wor- cester Branch. There he used to run bul- lets from lead ore found by him on land a little west of what is now called Wright's Mills. A young man of this family once went in company with Capt. Joe and cut a block from the vein of very pure lead, which was afterwards purchased by Hon. Daniel Baldwin, and melted. Mr. Bald- win offered a considerable sum to be shown the spot. It was hunted for, but the lands in the mean time having been cleared, the place could not be identified. It was just out of Montpelier village, in this same vi- cinity, that a novel system of telegraphing was invented in the earliest settlement of the County. The mother of a family of five children, fearing they would get lost in going after the cows in the woods, used to send the oldest forward, enjoining him not to go beyond the call of the next, who would follow, and so of the rest, until all were in line, she herself sending forward word, and getting answers from the scour- ing party, until the cows were brought in. In 1760, Samuel Stevens was employed by a land-company to explore the middle and eastern portions of the New Hamp- shire grants, and, with a few others, began at the mouth of White River and proceed- ed up the Connecticut till they came to WASHINGTON COUNTY. Newbury. Then finding the head waters of the Winooski river, followed it down to its mouth at Lake Champlain. This was three years before the survey of any lands within the limits of the County. In 1763, a party interested in the Wentworth Grants came to Waterbury and began run- ning the boundaries of our western towns. In the time of the Revolutionary War what was called the Hazen road was cut through from Peacham towards Canada line, which ran across Cabot, now in Wash- ington Co. The line seems to have been run through in 1774, and several com- panies of Col. Bedel's regiment went on snow-shoes over the line to Canada, in 1 776. Hazen made a road for 50 miles above Peacham, going through the towns of Cabot, Walden, Hardwick, Greensboro, and out to Lowell, which has been of great service to the inhabitants since in north- eastern and northern Vermont. Under the charter King Charles gave to the Duke of York, the State of New York claimed to the Conn. River and north to New France. The old Dutch county of Albany, (sometimes called the unlimited county of Albany) included by this claim, all of the present territory of Vermont. A county by the State of New York was constituted in 1766 nearly identical to the present counties of Windham and Wind- sor, called Cumberland, and in March 1770, another county by the name of Gloucester, comprising all the territory north of Cum- berland Co., east of the Green Mountains, and Kingsland, now Washington in Or- ange County was made the county seat, and the first proper session of the court held at Newbury. By old maps it would appear this county included most, if not all of the present territory of Washington County. A part of the townships in this county had been previously run out in the interest of those purchasing patents of Gov. Benning Wentworth. Waterbury and Duxbury were chartered in 1763 ; Stowe, Berlin, Worcester, Middlesex and Moretown about the same time. The more eastern towns do not seem to have been chartered till some years later, and upon the maps then representing Glouces- ter County is found a tract by the name of Kilby, which appears to have embraced the town of Montpelier and all, or portions of some of the eastern towns, which at one time was attempted to be run out in the interest of New York claimants. In the summer of 1773, we find that a Mr. S. Gale, with a number of men, was employed in surveying this County in the interests of the land jobbers of New York. Ira Allen with three men started from the block fort on Onion River in pursuit of them. He traversed the towns of Waterbury, Mid- dlesex, and on up to the fabulous shire- town of Kingsland in Gloucester County, and down on the east side of the moun- tains to Moretown (now Bradford.) Ob- taining information of the surveyors des- tination and buying spirits and provisions, they went again in pursuit; discovered his line and by that tracked them to the north-east corner of the old town of Mont- pelier. Probably from the description of the ground where they encamped when like to be overtaken, they were on the Town- meadow beyond Lightning Ridge. They seem to have made a precipitate retreat on the approach of Allen's party. Allen reached the block fort in 16 days from the time he set out. We do not learn of any later attempts on the part of the Yorkers to survey lands within our County limits. New York finding it inconvenient to es- tablish jurisdiction over so large a territory . as Albany, where for a long time all writs of ejectment, executions, &;c., issued from and were made returnable to, constituted, by act of assembly May 12, 1772, a new county on the west side of the mountain by the name of Charlotte, which included all the old territory of the County of Al- bany on the west side of the mountain north of the towns of Arlington and Sun- derland to Canada line. Thus did the State of New York look after us in the time of our earliest settlements. Whether any part of Washington County had it then been inhabited, for it was not till 9 years later, would have been returnable to Char- lotte County Court at Skeenesboro, now Whitehall, is a matter of dispute ; as it is not quite certain which range of the moun- VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. tains was followed. By the line made when they divided the State into two coun- ties, one east and one west of the moun- tains, the west towns of Washington County would have been so returnable. But the jurisdiction of New York, with right to annul conti'acts for land obtained by charter from the kiiig's governor, was not acceptable to the settlers, who soon began to cast about for some way to carry on municipal regulations more in harmony with their feelings. Gloucester Co. disajjpeared at the first session of the Vermont Legislature, 1778. The State was divided into two counties by the range of the Green Mountains ; that on the east side being called Cumberland ; on the West side Bennington ; and Wash- ington Co. was divided very nearly in the center, north and south. This date is nearly three years before Thom- as Meade, the first settler of the County of Washington, made his pitch in the town of Middlesex. We were only two years included in Bennington Co., when by the formation of the new County of Rutland we entered therein, and so re- mained during the existence of the old Rutland Co. — 4 years and 8 months, in which time Middlesex and Waterbury began to be settled. When Addison Co. was formed, we entered into a new County ex- istence with old Addison Co., and so •remained with Addison two years, until Chittenden Co. was formed, for which a part of our western towns were taken, and remained with this County many years. By the act at Westminster of the new Vermont, constituting Cumberland County to embrace all the territory east of the Green Mountains, the east part of the County was first included within its limits ; afterward, when Orange County was or- ganized it was therein included, and some towns were retained in its jurisdiction until the organization of Jefferson County in 181 1. The settlers travelled by marked trees, carried their corn on their backs, or more frequently drove an ox, with a bag of grain balanced across his neck, (many miles distant,) to find a mill to get it ground. Women and children often went to their new homes on rackets, the husband and father coming in the year before and making his pitch, clearing two or three acres of land, and rolling up the old fash- ioned log house. Some came in, it is true, in stronger force and with more means, as Col. Jacob Davis, of Montpelier. Nearly 60 townships had been granted by Gov, Wentworth before the organiza- tion of Vermont in 1778, and several of our western towns were among the N. H. grants. After the organization of the State, the Legislature took the power of making grants into its own hands, and both for the revenue and encouraging the further settlement of the State, proceeded rapidly to dispose of its lands. The process of procuring these grants seems to have been very simple, and followed with quick dis- patch . A company of resident and non-resident men got up a petition to the Legislature for the charter or grant of a township, specifying the locality. The appointment of a standing committee to act upon such petition followed, and if the committee's report was favorable, which was usually the case, a simple resolution for making the grant was passed. Then the Gov- ernor, on the payment of the required fees, issued the charter. Our eastern townships, not having been laid out in the Benning- Wentworth grants, received their charters in this manner from the Legislature of Vermont, and were run out mainly by James Whitelaw, Surveyor-general of the State. After obtaining a charter, a proprietor''s meeting was called by a justice of the peace or other authorized person, in the following form : ' ' Whereas application hath been made to me by more than one-sixteenth part of the proprietors of , in this State, to warn a meeting of said proprietors ; these are, therefore, to warn the proprietors of said Township to meet at the house of — , Esq., Innholder, in , on (here fol- lows the day, the time of day and month) .to act on the following articles, to wit : i. To choose a Moderator. 2. A Proprietors Clerk. 3. A Treasurer. 4. To see what the Proprietors will do respecting a Di- vision of said Township, and to transact WASHINGTON COUNTY. what other business as shall be thought necessary when met." (Signed) Justice Peace. In laying out Caledonia Co. there were run two gores in the S. W. corner, Goshen and Harris, which have been set to this County with the towns set off from that County to Washington Co. Goshen Gore, bounded N. by Marshfield and a part of Har- ris Gore, E. by Harris Gore, S. by Orange, and W. by Plainfield, contains 2,828 acres, mostly covered with excellent timber, great- ly enhanced in value by the Montpelier and Wells River railroad. Some 50 persons probably are residing within its limits. Harris Gore contains 6,020 acres ; runs to appoint on the N., bounded W. andN. W. by Goshen Gore and Marshfield, E. by Groton, and S. by Orange. It was granted Feb. 25, 1 78 1, and chartered to Edward Harris, Oct. 30, 1801. This tract of land is also well-timbered for the most part, though somewhat mountainous and diffi- cult of access. In 1840 it had 16 inhab- itants, and has received but very few additions since. Gunner's branch rises in this gore, passes through Goshen Gore, and unites with Stevens' branch in Barre. The area of the gores, added to the several townships gives us, nearly as can be as- certained, 396,233 acres, a large proportion of which is excellent for grazmg and most of the cereals, and the balance the finest of timber lands, except the little crowning of the summits of difierent spurs of the Green Mountain range. Money was scarce, and trade was carried on mostly in neat stock, grain and salts of lye. Wood ashes were a long time legal tender to the merchant, who sold his goods to the woodsman, and the merchant paid his bills at Montreal and Boston in black salts. The common price of wheat was 67 cents per bushel, best yoke of oxen $40, best cows $25, best horses $50, and salts of lye $4 to $5 per cwt. For goods which the laborers paid for in these articles the merchant usually ob- tained fifty per cent, of profit ; among them — price current — rock-.salt, $3 per bushel, common $2.50 ; sugar, brown 17 to 20 cents per pound, loaf 42 cents; W. I. molasses $1.1 7 per gallon ; green tea $2.00 per pound ; broadcleth $S to $10 per yard. And still, with these prices for imported necessaries, and the low price of their products, the settlers, by their frugal habits and industry, got on very well on the road to competency. As our County began to be settled im- mediately succeeding the heroic epoch of the State, the military system was an im- portant feature ot its early history. Every township enrolled all of its able-bodied men between the ages of 18 and 45, and com- panies were formed with commissioned and non-commissioned officers, who were re- quired to give them one annual drill at least — in the month of June. The annual "June training" was a day of jollity forpld and young ; a regular carnival of fun and masquerade, as well as parade — a display of the cocked hat, gorgeous epaulette and bright cockade ; day of'salutes, waking up of officers ; which wake up was a rousing volley from the under officers and privates, .sometimes taking the door off" its hinges, to be followed with a treat, marching and countermarching, drinking, toasting and sham fights ; a day opened with the ob- streperous clamor of the Sergeant's call, and followed with the shriek of the fife and the noise of the drums. The roads lead- ing out of the village where this annual inspection and drill was to take place were filled with old and young, on foot and horseback, in carriages of all patterns, from the " one-horse-shay " to the poor apology of a kanuck two-wheeled turnout, and all crowding on in the grotesque and fun- seeking tide, to enjoy the great military frolic, called an inspection and drill, or, in common parlance, June training. Yankee Doodle, fizzle-pop-bang, and the mock cap- ture of the Red Coats, were all there. June training was an institution, and the militia, so stigmatizingly called the "Old Flood Wood," figured very conspicuously in the history of the county at not a very remote day. This, with "Election Day" of the old style, must now be considered as fairly laid on the shelf, and belong only to his- tory. In 1805 a turnpike was chartered from VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAzfNE. Burlington Court-House, to pass on or near the Winooski to the north end of Eli- jah Paine's turnpike in Montpelier. The Corporators were Daniel Hurlburt, Thad- deus Tuttle, Sahnon Miller, John Johnson, Martin Chittenden, Jacob Spafford, Charles Bulkley and David Wing, jr. ; corporate title, "The Winooski Turnpike Compa- ny."' The road was opened to the public in 1808, the spring before the first session of the Assembly in the new State House at Montpelier. Gov. Martin Chittenden rendered such aid in its construction and was so largely interested in it, it was at one time called the Chittenden Turnpike. Later the stock was mostly, or all, pur- chased by Thomas and Hezekiah Reed of Montpelier, who were its owners at the time it was bought up for the road-bed, where it could be thus used, of the Vt. Can. R. R. This old road, with fine coaches and swift -horses, was for a long time_ one of the most popular thorough- fares in New England. Particularly when the stage lines were in the hands of Mah- lon Cottrill, the road was patronized large- ly at home and from abroad. Its toll- gates and numerous taverns along the line are remembered by many : land-marks gradually lost in the progress of the cen- tury. This turnpike with that of Gov. Paine, running south from Montpelier, was the through line of the country from the Lake and Canada to Boston, over which passed an immense tonnage and very brisk lighter travel, and to which the County road in the northeast part of the County was quite a tributary. In 1824 John Ouincy Adams sent a top- ographical party into the State, to make surveys with reference to the construction of canals. Hon. Daniel Baldwin, a mer- chant of Montpelier, received the appoint- ment on the commission, and consequently interested himself in the public works of the State. While holding this appoint- ment, he received a communication from Elkanah Watson, that it was better to look for routes of railways than canals, as it was prophecied the railroad system would soon supersede the canal. Mr. Baldwin conceived the idea of a rail transit from this point to the foot of navigation through the State, over much of the route now traversed by the Ogdensburgh and Vermont Central roads, but down the Gulf through Williamstown, instead of over the summit at Roxbury and down to White River — proposing to connect with the Lowell anil Boston road then being projected toward the Conn. River valley. This he laid before the merchants of Bos- ton as early as 182;^, in his business visits, and in meetings later held for devising better communications with the North and West. In 1832, Boston merchants and others interested, held a meeting to con- sider the feasibility of this route, at whidi Mr. Parish of Ogdensburgh presided. In 1833, a charter was granted by the Legis- lature for a road by rail through Central Vermont. Governor Paine was an able manager among the corporators and was instrumental in pushing the road forward and diverting its proposed route to its present line. The railroad changed much of the local and all the through travel from the turn- pike to the rail. CONTEST FOR THE STATE HOUSE. The first contest for the location of the State House was in 1805. In 1792, Cale- edonia County was incorporated, but it does not appear that the county was fully organized until 1796 or '97, when David Wing, Jr., was elected one of its Judges. Mr. Wing was a resident of Montpelier, and, so far as we know, the first Judge upon the bench elected within the present limits of Washington County. Mr. Wing was Secretary of State in 1803. The County of Washington was incorporated in 1810, and Dec. i, 181 1, the Legislature having elected in October the Court and County officers — it was fully organized. Ezra Butler was chief judge ; Salva Col- lins and Bradford Kinne, associate judges ; John Peck, sheriff ; Timothy Merrill, State's Attorney ; and David Harrington, judge of probate : George Rich, County clerk; J. Y. Vail, register of probate. The Court held its sessions in the Council WASHINGTON COUNTY. Chamber in the iirst State House, until the year 1818, when a new wooden Court House was built adjoining the State House grounds, that was used until 1843, when a brick building was erected, which was burned down during the November term of the Court, the same year. In the sum- mer of 1844, the present commodious and elegant brick edifice was erected. During the October session of the Legislature of 1805, holden at Danville, an act was pass- ed establishing the permanent seat of the Legislature at Montpelier. The location of this place so near the geographical cen- ter of the State, no doubt, had more than anything else to do with the decision. It will be remembered the old line between Bennington and Cumberland Counties, made by the first legislative body of the people, was only about a mile below the village, while dividing the State from north to south. It is the nearest to the cen- ter of any proper convening point. Still, in this, as in other controversies, Mont- pelier and the County were not without their able managers and advocates. Da- vid Wing, a man of great affability of man- ners and highly respected in the State, was Secretary of State, and the Hon. Cyrus Ware, a profound debater and a great wit, was representative of the town. At the next sessions, one at Middlebury and the other at Woodstock, there was an attempt to effect a change in location, but neither proved successful. Thus in 1807, four years before its organization, Washington County finds the Capital of the State with- in its limits, which has had much to do with its history and prosperity as a County. The beginning of a period so important to the County deserves something more im- portant than a passing notice. We tran- scribe a copy of the legislative action : An act establishing the permanent seat of the Legislature in Montpelier. Sec. I. — It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont, that Elijah Paine, Ezra Butler and James Whitelaw be, and they are hereby, ap- pointed a committee to fix upon a place in the town of Montpelier for the erection of buildings for the accommodation of the Legislature of the State, and to prepare a plan for such buildings. Sec. 2. — And it is hereby further en- acted : that if the town of Montpelier, or other individual persons, shall before the first day of September, which will be A. D. 1808, erect such buildings on the place des- ignated by the aforesaid committee for their acceptance, and shall comi)ensate said committee for their services, and also con- vey to the State of Vermont the property of said" buildings and the land whereon they shall stand, and lodge the deed of conveyance, duly executed, in the Secretary of State's ofiice ; then and in that case said buildings shall become the permanent seat of the Legislature for holding all their ses- sions. Sec. 3. — Provided nevertheless, and it is hereby further enacted : that if any future Legislature shall cease to hold their ses- sions in said town of Montpelier, those persons that shall erect said building and convey the property of the same and of the land aforesaid, shall be entitled to receive from the treasury of this State the full value of the same, as it shall be then fairly appraised. Passed November 7, 1805. A true copy. Attest. DAVID WING, Jun., Secretary. The committee appointed by the Legis- lature located the buildings of the new Capitol on grounds a little S. E. of where the present State buildings now stand, and the Assembly in October, 1808, there met and held its session, since which time Montpelier has been the permanent seat of the Legislature. The old State House be- coming somewhat dilapidated and insuffi- cient for the growth of the State, in 1832, the Legislature passed a second act to es- tablish the Capitol at Montpelier, and pledging the erection of a new building, provided Montpelier would pay into the Trea.sury of the State $15,000, one-half within one year and the other half in two years from the passage of the act. The proposition was accepted, and Lebbeus Egerton, Supt., and Ammi B. Young, arch'- itect, commenced the work in the follow- ing spring. A spur of rock was blasted from the hill in rear of the old buildings to a level desired, and making room for a driveway — at cost of $10,000, but giving a foundation of solid rock. The elegant granite edifice, with its capacious dome, VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. massive arch, and classical columns, so light, so unique, might almost be taken as a model of art. Good judges have doubted if" its equal as a work of art was to be found anywhere else in the country. It was built of the Barre granite — cost $132,- 077,22. Unfortunately it was accidentally destroyed by fire Jan. 6, 1857, when came the memorable contest. A special session called by the Governor, met in the old Brick Church in Montpelier, Feb. 1 8th following, to adopt measures for rebuilding or remov- ing the State House. For parliamentary ability and adroitness in management, as well as the display of wit and eloquence, this session stands the rival of any House of Representatives of Vermont, or any other State. We can give by a few passa- ges from the records a faint, and but a faint idea of the warmth, tact, wit and logic in the statement of arguments which moved in this controversy, the vacillating tides of feeling and opinion. Mr. Bradley, in reply to the idea of en- tertaining the pecuniary condition, or put- ting up at auction the State House, said, "I, for one, do not feel like raising a rev- enue from a loan of our institutions, taking a town in our grasp, as I would take half a lemon, squeezing it dry, and then throw- ing away the rind and trying another." Re- plying to Mr. Stacy, of Burlington, he goes on to say, " the able representative of that town has told us, and tnily, no doubt, of their wealth, their break-water, their custom-house, their steamers smok- ing in from all directions, their railroads built and to be built, their monument of the glorious Allen, whose dust is mingled with the earth of their town ; and I could not help regretting that the Giver of all good had not offered them one more boon — the blessing of content." In Mr. Dorr's concluding remarks he added, " the capitol was located at Mont- pelier as a measure of peace. It was to build up from a divided, a united and homogeneous people. Fifty years of peace have been the product of this act of wis- dom. I am for going down to no Jerusa- lem on the East or the West." If Mr. Dorr was the Nestor of that debate, with every quality of a parliamentarian and ad- vocate, learning, wit, satire, humor and subtle logic, as his argument everywhere shows, still the satirist and wit of that very remarkable assemblage of men was Moses E. Cheney, of Barnard. Alluding to a remark made by the member from Georgia where a town library was offered as a rea- son for removal, Mr. Cheney ^ays "Mr. Chairman, why don't some of the friends of removal say that the Representatives and Senators might pursue a brief legisla- tive collegiate course of study at the Ver- mont University during their sessions ? Mr. Chairman, they say that Esq. Ed- munds, the counsel for Burlington, talked to us an hour, and very little to his credit as a man of talents. Sir, do people ex- pect a man to work miracles ? Those of us who were Representatives in 1855, saw too much of his ability to be made now to swallow these third house insinuations that Mr. Edmunds isn't much. We remember how he made us believe gas was cheaper than oil to light the State House with, when the contrary was the truth, and I am bold to say he would have made us believe that Burlington was the best place for the Capitol if we hadn't known all about it ourselves. But, Sir, the State of Vermont isn't so large but every man in it knows very nearly from his own observation where the middle is. Gas, Sir, many of us know little about. Mr. Chairman, the gentleman from Westford is much con- cerned about the morals of Montpelier. He says the fires of hell are here ! Sir, I had heard of a heaven below, and of a hell upon airth, and I must own that when the gentleman was depicting the flames which seemed to be curling around us, my eye at the same instant catching a glance at his fiendish look, his horrific glare, for a moment I quailed, and inwardly exclaimed, I am in hell, for there stands Beelzebub. Mr. Chairman, during last Fall's session, occupying my old seat No. 190, which has since dissolved in smoke, with little to do but to gaze at the costly gas chandelier, which has since melted with fervent heat, I sometimes amused myself with reflec- tions upon various members of the house ; WASHINGTON COUNfV. and, Sir, among them I discovered a Dan- iel Webster, a John C. Calhoun, a Henry Clay and a Patrick Henry. The gentle- man from Castleton, (Mr. Spencer,) be- ing out a few minutes since, I had almost hoped he would remain out until I had paid him a few compliments which might appear fulsome in his presence. But, Sir, it is not uncommon here in Committee of the whole, where wide debate is admissi- ble, for gentlemen to go very wide into praises of our most distinguished mem- bers. Sir, I would then beg leave to say that the gentleman from Castleton is my Daniel Webster, and I have seen new and striking resemblances between these two men during the present session, which have confirmed me in the belief of their simi- larity. For instance, it was said by Dr. Wheeler, in a eulogy pronounced upon Mr. Webster, that whenever Webster at- tempted to argue a bad cause he always broke dowti ; never otherwise. Well, Sir, the gentleman from Castleton /a//s in every effort he makes during this session. He is arguing a bad cause, and, like Web- ster, having no knack at it, he breaks down . I n this respect we see how exactly like Webster he is. Mr. Webster was ac- cused in his latter days of being bought up. But it was not true. Well, it is sur- mised by some that the gentleman from Castleton is bought up ; but it is not true. I do not believe a word of it. The great Moses Stuart — as a fearless, good man should have done — undertook to make out that Webster acted from the best of mo- tives ; but it was all of no use. There were enough who pretended they knew Webster had long been closeted with Cal- houn. Mr Webster had a great Moses to expound for him, but it didn't do any good. Mr. Spencer has a little Moses to apologize for him, but I fear it will be entirely use- less." This is but a brief synopsis of Mr. Cheney's method of satire, which convuls- ed the whole assembly for an hour. Com- paring the claims of Barnard, as contrast- ed with some other towns that had put in the plea of fine prospects and healthy lo- cations, Mr. Cheney goes on to say : " Is Barnard a whit behind any in these re- spects ? Why, as to health, the people of Barnard seldom think of dying, and the children say they will never die . Some old men have lived till they were tired all out with life, and ha%>e died on purpose; hav- ing told their old yarns over until the taste was all out of them, they said they had lived ever so far beyond all the promises, and they summed up by declaring they 'would not live alway,' and got up a contrivance for quitting the world and got off somehow." In a second speech, in reply to some strictures made by the gentleman from Westford on his previous speech, he gives this inimitable touch of satire: "Sir, those who say that my Webster and Hen- ry are unworthy the names, not only ad- mit that my Clay and Calhoun are good, but that my devil is perfect." The speech of Mr. Cheney, whose profession had been that of a singing-master, may well take rank with the wit and satire of Curran and Sheridan. He is a genuine native speci- men, with all the benefit of Barnard hills. Mr. Merrill, the member from Montpelier, a descendant of the Fassetts, of Benning- ton, distinguished himself as a pj^rliamen- tarian. The final result of the long, keen contest was an act making an appropria- tion of $40,000 for re-building the State House on its old site in Montpelier. SPIRIT OF 1812. A second war was opened with Eng- land. Party spirit in politics ran high through the country. Our State and the Capital had its share in the excitement at- tending these contests. The Democrats thought our nation to have been injured and grossly insulted by Great Britain, and were staunch advocates of the war, the Federals, believing the war wholly unnec- essary, as bitterly opposed and denounced it. The Democrats in ascendency in the State, had a pretty decided majority in the County. And as the administration was ap- pealing to the country to be sustained, the friends of Mr. Madison thought it impor- tant some demonstration should be made at the Capital of the State. They called a war-meeting at the State House, and in- dustriously circulated the notice. This VERMO^f^ HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. was in February, and the inhabitants poured in from the surrounding towns, and the neighboring districts, filling the high- ways with footmen, horsemen, and loads in single and double sleighs, to the place appointed for the meeting, as it was also understood that the Federal party would be there to prevent the passage of any resolutions encouraging Congress to a declaration of war. When the house had become densely packed, one of the com- mittee was sent to call on Rev. Chester Wright, the settled minister at Montpelier, and invite him to open the meeting with prayer. He shortly returned, and inform- ed his friends that on account of conscien- tious scruples, Mr. Wright declined the invitation. A low burst of indignation followed. The next moment were heard calls for "Uncle Ziba ! Uncle Ziba ! ! " Instantly a committee man mounted the platform, and cried aloud, " Is the Rev. Ziba Woodworth present ? If so, he is re- spectfully invited to come forward and open this meeting with prayer." Mr. Woodworth, who had a stitfleg, occasion- ed from wounds received at Fort Griswold, came forward, stumping through the crowd to the platform. Hastily drawing a chair before him, he dropped down upon one knee, and, throwing out the whole of the other leg with a jerk, raised his sharp voice, peculiarly emotional, in the invited invocation. After a very brief address, in the manner of a prayer, he entered into the political spirit of the meeting, showering a torrent of blessings on our rulers for their wisdom, patriotism and fearless stand in resisting the aggressions of British tyranny ; then he began to ask God's pity on the blindness of the enemies of the war, and enemies of our blessed country, and His forgiveness of their treasonable dereliction of patriotic duty, and still more treason- able opposition to the wise measures of our God-appointed rulers, in such language as involved the rebuke of a scorching sat- ire. At this stage of the prayer. Judge Ware, a prominent war Democrat of the town, who was a noted wag as well as a hot politician, standing by the platform and within reach of the excited speaker. reached over, and sharply punching his ex- tended leg, in a low, eager, half-whispered tone, exclaimed, " That is right ! give it to 'em, give it to 'em, Uncle Ziba!" And it is said that he did give it to 'em in a manner which very likely never had a par- allel in the shape of a prayer. The Dem- ocrats opened the meeting with a very zealous speech for the administration, which was often interrupted by applause. Mr. Baylies, an astute lawyer and of com- manding talents as a speaker, proceeded in his reply, and, having to his own satis- faction proved the fallacy of the position of his rival, commenced a general attack upon Mr. Madison and his advisers at Washington. He had not proceeded far, however, when old Matthew Wallace, of Berlin, a tall, resolute man, leaped sud- denly to his feet, and, in a voice which seemed to be the tocsin of war, exclaimed, " Can't stand that ! can't stand that, Mr. Chairman ! anything in reason, but, by heavens, sir," his eye flashing and fist raised, '* I sha'nt sit here to listen to out- right treason !" Mr. Baylies, before he got through, was hissed and coughed down. Resolutions supporting the administration were read, and passed with a tremendous acclamation. The chairman of the meeting in the ear ly part of the day was Hon. Ezra Butler one of the oldest settlers of the County, who was a Democrat. Finding the meet- ing likely to be controlled by the Federal party, at this time so well organized into what was called the Washington Societies, he resigned, and the Federals elected Hon. Charles Bulkley, a most bitter opponent of the war. But when the convention was thoroughly represented from the surround- ing towns coming in, the war party was found to be in such majority they had ev- erything their own way, and Esquire Bulk- ley, as Chairman of the convention, saw his name signed to the war resolutions so triumphantly passed, and thus was made to give his sanction to what he had intend- ed, with his friends, to defeat. The war was heartily supported by a large majority of the County, and patriotic volunteers were not wanting to defend the country's WASHINGTON COUNTY. honor. When the news of Prevo-st's army invading the State reached our inhabit- ants, it was but a grand rallying-cry from the Border, which was responded to by almost every able-bodied man shouldering his musket and marching for the fi'ont. They flocked from the hills and the glens, swarming down the Winooski, the same patriotism firing them that characterized the Green Mountain Boys in the days of Allen and Warner. An example to illus- trate may be given in the person of Capt. Timothy Hubbard, who, when the news of the invasion of Plattsburg, N. Y., by the British, reached Montpelier, in Sep- tember, 1 8 14, sallied out cane in hand into the streets, summoning a drummer and a fifer to his side, one of them being a hired man, and marching the streets all day beating up volunteers to start forthwith to the scene of action. And such were his appeals, and such the heat of patriotism in the community, that before night nearly or quite two thirds of the male population were enlisted, and ready to march on the following morning, which they did, they reaching Plattsburg in season to take place in the line of battle. Capt. Campbell, of- ten known as " old Captain Blue," from Waitsfield and vicinity, summoned with the same alacrity the war spirits of Mad River. Other towns with equal right offer their muster-rolls to vindicate their claim to equal honors. There are a few individuals so prominent in the affairs of the State and nation, born or residing more or less in this County, it seems fitting their names and services should be noticed here. And first among these stands Gen. Benjamin Wait, a dis- tinguished revolutionary veteran and asso- ciate of Ethan Allen and the men who made the heroic epoch of Vermont. — [There will be in Waitsfield, this volume, a notice of Gen. Wait.] JOHN CLOUD, a long-time resident of this County, was in many engagements in the Revolution- ary War; in his last battle, while leading a retreat and firing back, he was shot through the thigh, which had to be ampu- tated. WILLIAM PHEN, also an old resident, was in the campaigns of the Duke of Wellington. [We reserve a sketch of Col. John Tap- lin for Berlin, and notice of other eminent men here introduced, for the towns to which they more specially belong. — Ed,] Conspicuously identified with the growth of the County or connected with its inter- nal improvements were JUDGE ELIJAH PAINE, living on the borders of tlie County in Williamstown. [See vol. II, page 1150. Ed.] and his .son, GOV. CHARLES PAINE, who passed most of his life in the County, a man of exceeding active, practical mind and indomitable will. In addition to run- ning a large manufacturing establishment he did more than all others toward secur- ing our present railroad facilities. HORACE HOLLISTER built most of the old County road, going north from Montpelier through Calais. MAHLON COTTRILL, the long-time popular landlord of the Pa- vilion, was proprietor of several lines of stage in the County, and at one time was more largely connected with the public travel in this vicinity than any other per- son before or since. One of his lines was over the great thoroughfare from Boston to Burlington and Montreal via Montpelier, with coaches drawn by from four to six superb horses, and the finest stage equip- ments ever known in New England. Thompson relates a wonderful feat of a driver by the name of Blaisdell, performed on this road, which was the difficult and dangerous task of leaping from his seat on the coach-box on to, and over the near wheel-horse to the ground, and seizing the pole which had just dropped with a cant to run off a precipice 60 feet deep, the wheel being within a yard of the edge, and, holding also to the neck-yoke, guidng a heavy load of passengers safely to the foot of the hill. The rock, which is a mile and a half south of Waterbury street, on the VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Moretown side of Winooski river, has since been known as BlaisdelPs Rock. WILLIAM UPHAM was a most remarkable advocate before a jury, and his speeches in the United States Senate were very highly complimented by Daniel Webster. SAMUEL PRENTISS, as a jurist, said Chancellor Kent in speak- ing of him, "Judge Story, the only man to be thought of in comparison, is certainly a very learned and able man, but I cannot help regarding Judge Prentiss as the best jurist in New England." He was also held in high estimation in the Senate of the United States. PUBLIC MORALS AND EDUCATION, a very active interest in, sprang up in the County about the time of its organization, the leader of which was Rev. Chester Wright ; and which under the influence of James H. Langdon extended also to trade. In addition to a new impetus in the com- mon district-schools, sabbath-schools were organized, libraries purchased and lyceums formed ; the effect of which was felt in all parts of the County, and in 1858, the Union School at the Capital was put in operation, which has really revolutionized the old manner of teaching. Hon. Rod- erick Richardson superintended the erec- tion of the building, and was chairman of the committee-men. The example was fol- lowed by other towns. Academies and seminaries made their appearance ; one at Barre, under the auspices of the New Eng- land Universalist .societies, and one at Montpelier, under the auspices of the Ver- mont Methodist Conference, and one at Waterbury, under the management of the Baptist denomination. The County has also been very creditably represented in the number and character of its authors and publications, as well as many able articles from its pens entering into the journalism of different parts of the country. "The Indian Captive," by Horace Steele, was published in Montpelier in 1812; "Baylies Index," in 3 vols., by Hon. Nicholas Baylies, in 1814; Judge Baylies published beside a book on Free- agency in 1 82 1. "The Battle of Platts- burgh," a poem in pamphlet, by Samuel Woodworth, in 1815 ; " The Gift," 16 mo., a small poetic book, by Miss Sophia Wat- rous, of Northfield, published at Montpel- ier in 1840. The Rev. F. W. Shelton, formerly Rector of the Episcopal Church in Montpelier, has published at different times " Salander and the Dragon," " The Rector of Bardolph, " Chrystaline," " Up the River," and " Peeps from a Belfry," which have given the author a wide and pleasant reputation. Here was also the long-time home — atMontpelier~of Charles G. Eastman, one of the few American poets complimented with notice by the Edinburgh critics. Here was published his book, some 200 pages, of very fine lyrical and descriptive verse. The native birdlike melody of some of Eastman^'s songs has rarely been equalled in our country. An excellent painter of nature, he reflects with much felicity the living features of the rural life of the Green Mountain land. [A full notice of East- man and his poems will be found in his native Barnard, Windsor Co.] Daniel P. Thompson held the most pro- lific pen of any man born or ever residing in the County, the novelist of Vermont, whose books have run through fifty edi- tions. [For full notice of, see Berlin.] There have also been published in Mont- pelier, The Astronomical Discourses of Thomas Chalmers in 18 19, Thomas Cook's Universal Letter-writer, in 1816; James Dean's Vermont Gazetteer, in 1808 ; Life of Benjamin Franklin, in 1809; Religious Courtship, 1814, The Accident, or Henry and Julia, by Wm. Perrin, 1815 ; Peter the Great, 1811 ; Infantry Exercise, 1820; Thompson's Vermont Gazetteer, 1824 and 1840; "A Thanksgiving Discourse," by John Gridley, wherein was given a con- densed history of Montpelier, in 1843; "A Geographical Poem" of the County, by Ithamer Smith, some years ago; "A His- tory of the 13th Regiment," in journal form, by Edwin Palmer, Esq., of Water- bury, in 1866; in 1870, "The Harvest Moon and other Poems," by G. N. Brig- ham, M. D. [See Fayston.] WASHINGTON COUNTY. 13 Other several noted authors have had a temporary residence within the County. Samuel Hopkins, author of an Ecclesiasti- cal History in relation to the Seceders and the Puritans ; John S. C. Abbott, and the Hon. Isaac F. Redfield, a long-time res- ident at Montpelier, and for 25 years a member of the Supreme Court of Ver- mont, and nearly 10 years its Chief Jus- tice, whose more recently published work, called a " Practical Treatise on the Law of Railways," has become a standard work, and given Mr. Redfield, at home and abroad, rank with the first of American and English jurists. The County has sustained within the last fifty years two, and much of the time five, weekly journals, which have been ably conducted for wjiat is known as the country newspaper, the " Vermont Watch- man,^'' the "-Free /V^.y.r," which was chang- ed to the " Vermont Patriot,'''' and more recently to the '■'■Argus and Patriot,''^ the ''Voice of Freedom,'''' now the '■'■Green Mountain Freeman,'''' the " Christian Mes- senger,''^ and the " Christian Repository. ^^ CENSORS : Ezra Butler, 1806 ; J. Y. Vail, 1820 ; Jos. Reed, 1834; H. C. Reed, 1841 ; H. F. Janes, i848;Wm.W. Wells, 1855; Jos, Prentiss, 1862; Chas. Reed, 1869; T. P. Redfield, 1869. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS : Ezra Bntler in 1804, '20, "28, '32 ; Dr. Edward Lamb, 1836; Jos. Reed, 1840. UNITED STATES SENATORS : Samuel Prentiss, 1831-42; William Up- ham, 1843-53; Matt. Carpenter, Senator from Wisconsin, born in this County. REPRESENTATIVES TO CONGRESS : Ezra Butler, 1813-15; H. F. Janes, 1835-37 ; Paul Dillingham, 1843-47 ; L. B. Peck, 1847-51; E. P. Walton, 1857-63; C. W. Willard, 1869-73. A son of Judge Rice, of Waitsfield, has al.so been a terri- torial Representative, and we have fur- nished District Judge, Samuel Prenti.ss ; and one District Clerk, Edw. H. Prentiss; and two District Attorneys, Lucius B. Peck and B. F. Fifield. S. B. Colby received the appointment of first register in the office of the secretary of the treasury under Abraham Lincoln. Ezra Butler was Governor from 1826 to '28; Chas. Paine from 1841 to '43 : Paul Dillingham, Lieut. Governor in 1862, '3, '4, and Governor in 1865 to '67. Gov. Dil- lingham was also Lieut. Governor for 3 years preceding his election to the chief magistracy. D. M. Camp and Geo. N. Dale were long-time residents of the County ; the former being Lieut. Governor from 1836 to "41, and the other being the present in- cumbent of that office (1869). The office of State treasurer has chiefly been held by individuals of the County since the location of the State House here. H. F. Janes, John Spaulding, E. P. Jew- ett, Geo. Howes, H. M. Bates and John A. Page being the persons receiving at dif- ferent times the election to that office to 1869. The office of Secretary of State has also been held by County residents : David Wing, Jr., Timothy Merrill, C. L. Knapp, F. F. Merrill, D. P. Thompson, C. W. Willard, Geo. W. Bailey, Jr., and Geo. Nichols. Mr. Nichols also was chosen president of the last Constitutional Con- vention. Major Charles H. Joyce, the present Speaker of the House of Representatives, was a long time resident of this County. Timothy Merrill, O. H. Smith, F. F. Mer- rill, G. R. Thompson, have been severally elected to' the position of clerk of the House. David Wing, Jr., of Montpelier, was assistant judge of Caledonia Co. in 1800, and first judge from 1803 to 1805 ; Chas. Bulkley, [judge and Ezra Butler, see Berlin and Waterbury] ; Cyrus Ware of Montpelier was chief judge of Caledo- nia Co. Court in 1808. The judges of Washington County Court have been Ezra Butler in i8ii-'i2; Chas. Bulkley, 1813; Dennison Smith, 1814; Ezra Butler, 1815 to '18, when Jno. Peck presided for one year; Ezra Butler from 1819 to '25. Of the judges of the State supreme and cir- cuit courts Samuel Prentiss, Nicholas Bay- lies, Lsaac F. Redfield, Asahel Peck, and 14 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Timothy P. Redfield, are or have been residents of this County. The first Rep- resentatives from this County were Sam'l Harris from Middlesex and Jacob Davis from Montpelier, who took seats in the assembly held at Bennington, Jan. lo, 1791. Ezra Butler was Councillor from 1809 to '13, and from 1815 to '26; Nich- olas Baylies in 1814; George Worthing- ton from 1826 to '30 ; Henry F. Janes from 1830 to '35; Milton Brown, 1835. STATE SENATORS. In 1836, by a change in the constitu- tion a Senate was substituted for the Coun- cil, to which we sent first Arunah Water- man and Newell Kinsman two years, and after: Jos. A. Curtis and Israel Goodwin, 1838, '39; O. W. Butler, 1840; Nathan- iel Eaton, 1840, '41 ; Paul Dillingham, 1 84 1, '42, '61 ; Wooster Sprague, '42, '43 ; Jacob Scott, '43, 44 : Roderick Richard- son, '44, '45; O. H. Smith, '45, '46; Mo- ses Robinson. '46, '47 ; Nath'l Bancroft, '47, '48; Wm. Carpenter, '48, '49; Asaph Town, '49, '50; Leonard Keith, '50, '51; C. G. Eastman, '51, ''52; Royal Wheeler, '52, '53; Jos. Moody, 'S3, '54; Horace Ilollister and James Green, '54, '55 ; John Gregory and F. A. Wright, '56-'7 ; Jo- seph Poland and Enoch Putnam, ''58-'9 ; Calvin Fullerton, '60-1 ; C. W. Willard, '60, '61 ; Roderick Richardson, Addison Peck and P. D. Bradford, '62, '63; Chas. Reed, '64, '65, '66; Denslow Upham, '64, '65 ; M. P. Wallace, '64 ; Wm. W. Henry, '65, '66, '67; J. H. Orcutt, '66, "68; Chas. Dewey, '67, '68, '69; C. H. Heath, '68, '69, '70 ; J. H. Hastings, '70 ; Heman Carpenter, '70, '71, '72, '7;^] Clark King, '7-. ^3^ *74» '75 ; Eliakim P. Walton, '74, "75i '76, '77 ; Ira Richardson, '76, '77 ; W. P. Dillingham, '78, '79, "So, '81; Albert Dwinell, '78, '79, '80, '81. WASHINGTON COUNTV RECORD IN THE REBELLION OF 1861. If in men's minds were doubt whether there were those who could uphold the honor of their sires in the generation of to-day, the illusion dispelled with the an- swer to the call for men to defend the country's flag ; yeoman and clerk and pro- fessional man, with the sound of the fife and drum, all moving on, like a sudden blast from the north to the terrible storm- ing of the ramparts and charge of the battle-field, proved more than words can blazon the heroism still in the race — a soul- working principle profound in the Ver- monter, which needed but a spark to fan it into a blaze of patriotism. War meet- ings were held, union leagues formed, lib- eral bounties paid to men, and the fam- ilies of those in the field cared for. Our heroes and martyrs did well ; where shines the lustre of so glorious an epoch, we still feel all of our old State pride when we look on our war-soiled banners, and hear re- cited the later deeds of our sons. Our dead are on most of the battle-fields from Bull Run to Apomattox ; individual deeds they have achieved which will not sufter in comparison with the martial prowess of any time. Instance our old Vt. 2d de- tached as a reserve to the 26th New Jer- sey, ordered to carry the heights of Mary's Hill. Our Col. Joyce, who had won the cognomen of Murat in the regiment, had the command. The Jersey boys, meeting tornadoes of lead and iron rained from the battlements above, surging back, "For- ward, Vermont Brigade," cried the gallant Joyce, and our gallant 2d : '"Tlit'ii came oiirifiiHant Second up. And passed them on tlie run;" " Vermont nilxlit well be proud that clay For every martial son.'' "St. Mary's Heights were won." Sergeant Bennett, a soldier of intrepid daring, was the first to mount the par- apets ; as he sprang over the breast-work, a rebel officer met him, sabre in hand, and aimed a blow, he dexterously parried with his musket, and pressed to close quarters by several soldiers joining the officer, clubbed his musket in a twinkling, ex- claiming. "I'll clean you out of here!" levelled them all to the earth ; the next in- stant tell, pierced by a dozen bullets, and expired at once. During the battle of the Wilderness, after forcing the rebels from strong in- trenchments and capturing and holding them a half mile in front of the inain line. WASHINGTON COUNTY. 15 18, 1864; North Anna, Tolopotomy, Be- thesda Church. I'ctersburgh June 17, and the mine July 30, 1864, Weldon Railroad, Poplar Grove Church, Hatcher's Run, Peter.sburgh April 2, 1865. In the First Regiment Cavalry, in the battles of Mount Jackson, F"ort Republic, Middletown, Winchester May 25, 1862, Surry Court House, Culpepper Court House July 10, '62, Orange Court Hou.se, Kel- ley's Ford, Waterloo Bridge, Bull Run, Ashby's Gap, Broad Run, Greenwich, Hanover, Huntersville, Gettysburgh, Mon- terey, Lightersville, Hagerstown July 6, 1863, Boonsboro, Hagerstown July 13, 1863, Falling Waters, Port Conway Aug. 26, "63 and Sept. i, '63, Culpepper Court Hou.se Sept. 13, "63, Somerville Ford, Ra- coon Ford, Falmouth, James City, Brandy Station, Gainesville, liuckland Mills, Mor- ton\s Ford, Mechanicsville, Piping Tree, Craig's Church, Spottsylvania, Yellow Tav- ern, Meadow Bridge, HanoverCourt House, Ashland, Hawe's Shop, Bottom Bridge, White Oak Swamp, Malvern Hill, Ream's Station, June 23, Notta#ay Court House, Keysville, Roanoke Station, Stony Creek, June 28 and 29, 1864, Ream's Station, June 29, '64, Ridley's Shop, Winchester Aug. 17, 1864. Summit Point, Charlestown, Kearneysville, Opequan, Front Royal, Mooney's Grade, Milford, Waynesboro Sept. 28, '64, Columbia Furnace, Tom's Brook, Cedar Creek Oct. 13, 1864, Cedar Creek Oct. 19, '64, Middle Road, Middle and Back Road, Lacy's Springs, Wayes- boro Mar. 2, 1865, Five Forks, Namozine Church, Appomattox Station Apr. 8, '65, and Appomattox Court House April 9, 1865. Gen. Wm. Wells enlisted from Water- bury. In all of the given Regiments the County had commissioned officers as high as cap- tain. It also furnished men to the ist, 2d and 3d Batteries of Light Artillery. Of commissioned officers there have been killed in battle and died from wounds, twelve from the County: Lieuts. A. M. Nevins, of More town, David B. Daven- port, of Roxbury ; Major Richard B. Cran- the Vt. 2d were asked if they could hold their position until supports could be brought up. '■'■ Send Its amiiuinition and provisions and we caA hold it six months if you want." Besides the battle of Bull Run, the .second regiment, in which our County had two companies, was in the battles of Lee's Mills, Apr. 15, 1862; Wil- liamsburgh. May 5 ; Golding's Farm, June 26; Savage Station, June 29; White Oak Swamp, June 30; Malvern Hill, July i ; South Mountain, Sept. 14 ; Antietam, Sept. 17; Fredericksburgh, Dec. 13; Mayre's Heights, May 3, 1863; Sailor's Heights, May 4; P'redericksburgh, June 5 ; (iettys- burgh, July 3 ; Funckstown, July 10 ; Rap- pahannock, Nov. 7 ; Wilderness, May 5-6, 1864; Spottsylvania, May 10, 12, 14 and 18 ; Cold Harbor, June 1-12 ; Petersburgh, June 18 ; Charlestown, Aug. 21 ; Opecjuan, Sept. 19; Fisher's Hill, Sept. 21 ; Mount Jackson, Sept. 24; Cedar Creek, Oct. 19; Petersburgh, March 25, 1865 ; Peters- burgh, April 2 ; Sailor's Run, April 6, and after Bull Run. five additional regiments participated in these battles, to which al.so they would add a few other engagements, and in all our County found itself; repre- sented in the 6th Regiment by two com- panies. In the Seventh Regiment, at the siege of Vicksburgh, Baton Rouge, Gon- zales Station, Spanish Fort and Whistler. In the Eighth Regiment at Cotton, Bis- land. Siege of Port Hudson, Winchester, Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek, Newton. In the Ninth Regiment, at Harper's Ferry, Newport Barracks, Chapin's Farm, Fair Oaks. In the Tenth Regiment, at Orange Grove, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Tolo- potomy, Cold Harbor, Weldon Railroad. Monocacy, Winchester, Fisher's Hill, Ce- dar Creek, Petersburgh Mar. 25 and Apr. 2, 1865, and Sailor's Creek. In the Eleventh Regiment, at Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, Petersburgh June 8, '64, Weldon Rail- road, Washington, Charlestown, Opequan. Winchester, Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek, Petersburgh, Mar. 25, 27, and Apr. 2, 1865, and in the Thirteenth at Gettysburgh, July 2 and 3, 1863 ; Seventeenth Regiment, at the battles of the Wilderness, May 6 to 9, 1864; Spottsylvania, 12 to 15 and May i6 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. dall, of Berlin ; of wounds received at Lee's Mills, Apr. i6, 1862, David B. Davenport, of Roxbiiry : of wounds at Lee's Mills, April 16, '62, Major Richard B. Crandall and Lieut. A. J. Davis, of Berlin; Captain Luther Ainsworth, of Waitsfield; Major Edwin Dillingham, Lieut.J.E.Henry,Capt.LucianD. Thomp- son, of Waterbury ; Capt. Edward Hall and Lieut. A. K. Cooper, of Worcester; Lieut. W. E. Martin, of Bane ; Lieut. Ezra Stetson, of Montpelier ; Lieut. Isaac G.Putnam, of East Montpelier; Lieut. Luther B. Scott and Adjutant Abel Mor- rill, of Cabot. [Of whom further account will be ^iven in their respective towns in this volume.] Chas. H. Anson, of Montpelier, was brevetted Captain for gallantry in the as- sault on Petersburgh, April 2, 1865. This County furnished for the war 44 captains, 5 adjutants, 7 quarter-masters, 10 majors, 7 lieut. colonels, 4 colonels and 2 generals. Grand list of the towns in the County ; town-bounties p8id and number of men raised by each town : TOWNS. Men. Grand List. Bountj'. Barre Berlin Cabot Calais Duxbury E. Montpelier, Fayston , Marshtield Middlesex Montpelier . . . . Moretown Northfield Plainfield Roxbury Waitsfield Warren Waterbury Woodbury Worcester Total. 161 $7,375-17 144 4,674.26 174 4,177-52 98 4,500.85 152 2,145.68 74 5,292.36 121 1,221.32 150 2,636.56 33^ 3,229 20 146 11,972.79 351 2,954.80 94 8,002.20 113 2,250.34 104 2,227.10 no 3-267.84 236 2,560.20 99 7,729.22 84 1,965.59 2965 1,637.01 79.519-95. 36,500.64 31,399-54 6,376.22 26,095.23 9,940.00 12,808.83 16,840.25 13,952.20 20,882.42 24,585.65 19,830.00 32,664.84 15,598.52 200.00 10,671.17 13.438.88 23,766.26 22.50 5.245-95 320,826.00 Col. Randall's statement of the BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG : "The I2th, 13th, 14th, 15th, and 1 6th Vermont Regiments constituted Stannard's Brigade, and were attached to the First or Reynolds' corps at the battle of Getty.s- burg. This brigade arrived on the field at about 4 o'clock iif the afternoon of the first day, and took position in the rear of Cemetery Hill, in the rear of the main line of battle, where they remained through the night, and through the fore part of the next day. At about noon of the second day the fighting in our front and to our left was quite animated. Generals Sickles and Hancock being at our left. At about 2 o'clock in the afternoon I was ordered to advance my regiment to the front, and somewhat to the left, and took a position some thirty rods in advance of the rest ot our brigade, where I held my regiment in column by divisions at rest until about 4 or 5 o'clock in the afternoon. At this time the battle was raging at our left, in front of Hancock's corps, with much vio- lence, and many stragglers were passing to the rear. The balance of Stannard's brig- ade were lying in their original position. At about this time an officer came riding from the front directly towards where my regiment lay, very fast. As he approach- ed the spot he halted, and asked me what regiment that was. I told him it was the 13th Vermont, of Stannard's brigade. He asked where Stannard and the rest of the brigade were. I pointed out the brigade, some 30 rods in my rear, and also the spot where Stannard and his staff were, a little way in the rear of the brigade. He then said to me will your regiment fight .'' I told him they were comparatively new troops, but that I thought I could rely on them. He then said, " I am Gen. Double- day, and now command the first corps." He also told me he had just come from Gen. Hancock, that that officer was hard pressed, and he was afraid unless he had help very quick he would lose his artillery, or some of it. He ordered me to take my regiment, or what I had of it, pro- ceed in the direction from which he came, and report to Gen. Hancock, and act as he directed, but before I started he said, " Colonel, introduce me to your regiment." I turned with him to the regiment, and said. WASHINGTON COUNTY. 17 ' Boys, this is General Doubleday, our corps commander." He then said, substantially, as follows : "Men of Vermont ! the troops from your State have thus far in this war earned an enviable reputation. I under- stand that you are comparatively inexperi- enced in battle, but you are about to be led in by your Colonel. Much will be ex- pected of you, and I hope you will nobly uphold the honor of your State. To-day is the great day that determines whether Jeff. Davis or Abraham Lincoln controls this government. You will now follow your Colonel." I then led them in the di- rection indicated by him, at a double quick, and before reaching the crest or high land in our front, I left the regiment in charge of Major J. J, Boynton and Adjutant James S. Peck, and rode myself forward to find Gen. Hancock, and see in advance where my regiment could aid him most. As I came on top of the high ground or crest between the cemetery and Little Round Top, 1 met Gen. Hancock, who was vigorously rallying and encouraging his shattered ranks, many of whom were still fighting valiantly, to hold on and contest the ground inch by inch. I accosted him and told him my regiment was close at hand, and that Gen. Doubleday ordered me up to his assistance. He appeared much gratified, and said to me that the rebels had just taken a battery from him. He pointed out to me the direction in which they had gone with it, and asked me if I could retake it ? I replied to him that I thought I could. He said, "go in, then." By this time my regiment was coming up ; I took charge of them, and put them in position to deploy from column into line of battle parallel to his main line, and in front of his somewhat disorganized troops. Gen. Hancock sat near me on his horse, and watched the movement nar- rowly. I gave the order to deploy, and rode in front of my companies to watch the movement and see that each company came promptly on to the line. This was under a sharp fire from the enemy, and my men were falling on all sides by this time. As I saw my last company come on the line, 3 I inclined towards the center of the regi- ment and gave the order to forward. Just as I did this my horse was shot dead un- der me, and fell, catching me by my right foot under him. The regiment for a mo- ment supposed I was killed, but the horse was rolled off from me by the men as they came up, who soon saw that I was not hurt, and they followed me as I went on foot.' At this moment a body of rebel troops, probably a brigade, was deploying from the bushy ground to our left directly in front of us. This I did not see until my horse fell, when I got a view of them un- der the smoke and dust, as it was lifted. About that time we got a volley from them. I saw the situation was a critical one for us, and that promptness was our chance ; and I gave the order to charge upon them, thinking to surprise and overpower them before they reloaded. My men responded to the call most admirably. Before the rebels had time to reload or put themselves in an attitude of defence we were upon them. They threw down their arms and laid low, and we passed over them without much opposition. Here we witnessed one of many acts of treachery which the rebels exhibited at times. As we passed over them as they lay like yarded sheep, a rebel officer rose on his elbow and discharged his' pistol at Major Boynton, the charge just brushing the Major's ear-locks. This piece of perfidy was instantly avenged by half a dozen of our men pinning the rebel to the earth with their bayonets. We passed on, and in about 30 rods overtook the detachment of rebel troops in charge of the captured guns, four in number, of the U. S. Regular Artillery. Captain Lonergan, of Co. A. of my regiment, (Burlington) and myself about simulta- neously, I think, came up with the guns overtaken. The rebels appeared very much surprised to see us, but after a flourish or two of sabres and a little em- phatic language they surrendered all the guns to us, and we passed them to thg rear. All this time I think Gen. Hancock was watching our movements, and when my horse fell he was so near to me that i8 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. when I got up and left the horse I heard him direct one of his men to keep guard over my saddle and straps on my horse. When afterward I came back the guard, saddle, and straps, were gone, but I after- wards found my saddle. Our men from whom the guns had been taken followed them up, took their guns, and returned with them to our lines. My regiment was now within about 50 rods, as I should judge, of the Emmetsburgh road, and I determined to push forward and gain that road, unless I met with formidable resist- ance, as I did not. I reached the road, my right resting at a small farm house, which I suppose is called the Pe'er Rogers house. Here we halted, and I directed Adjutant Peck to go back and apprise Gen. Hancock of our position, and get his or- ders. About this time Capt. Lonergan came to where I was, much excited, and informed me that the house above men- tioned was full of rebels. I immediately went with him to the house, and sure enough it was. I ordered them to throw out their arms and surrender, which they all did ; there were eighty-three of them, including officers. While this was going on, the rebel sharp-shooters and skirmish- ers were keeping up a sharp lire at my men, which they were returning, and at about this time they ran out two twelve pound brass field pieces at our left on the line of the road, and commenced to fire upon us. At this I directed the attention of two of my companies to them. They soon cleared the pieces of horses and men, and then charged upon them, capturing both of the guns, which we brought oiT. Adjutant Peck having returned with word from Gen. Hancock to keep my fianks well protected, and return when I had done what I thought I could. Seeing no more gatne in the bush, we retired to the Union lines, amid much cheering from the troops who had witnessed to some extent our op- erations. I have seen some account of this affair in which it is said that in this movement the 14th regiment led the ad- vance, followed by the i6th, and that af- terwards the 13th regiment came up. Now the truth is the 13th were in a position to be first, having been in advance of the other regiments, and did lead. They were no doubt well in the fight before even Gen. Stannard knew of the movement, as I took my order for this advance from Gen. Dou- bleday, who had then not seen Gen. Stan- nard. I do not wish to detract one jot from what any other regiment may have done at this or any other battle, but must not al- low my regiment to be misrepresented, either through ignorance or design." F. V. Randall. The brilliant achievements of our nine months' men, the 13th regiment under Colonel Randall at the battle of Gettys- burgh, from the magnitude and impor- tance of the battle, and the circumstance that such bravery was displayed by men for the first time under fire, deserves some- thing of detailed account. Our statement of the part taken in the 2d day's fight is in Col. Randall's own language. The 3d day's part, we collect from published ac- counts given at the time, from both rebel and union officers and correspondents on the field. . In the third and last day's struggle for the victory in this greatest of modern bat- tles, our Regiment of thirteen months' men, never before under fire, did more than honor to the County and State — they proved to the world that the thinking bay- onet is immeasurably superior to that of any other ; that an educated citizen soldiery, fired by patriotism and a sense of duty, would stand fire of an enemy equal with vet- eran corps, provided they were well offi- cered, and for such disapproved the need of standing armies. After the previous day's service, illustri- ous in the annals of war, as a dash made by inexperienced troops, they joined the 2d Vt. Brigade and slept upon their arms. Friday, the third day of this great battle, a simultaneous cannonade was opened upon our right and left at daybreak — Long- street commanding the batteries firing upon the left where was our Brigade, from an advantageous ridge he had gained in the alternoon of the previous day. Ewell commanded the right, which seems to WASHINGTON COUNTY. 19 have been really the point selected for the chief attack in the morning upon our lines. The cannonade lasted only for a short time, when on the right one of the most obstinate and terrible infantry duels took place known in the history of fire-arms. Says an eye-witness, "for six hours — from 5 till II o'clock — the musketry rolled on those hill-sides in one incessant crash. For six hours, from other portions of our lines, we watched the white smoke-clouds curling up through the tree-tops and won- dered what the issue would be. At 11, Geary had driven the enemy back over the breastwork into the valley below." In the left centre, before Longstreet's batteries, was the 2d Vermont Brigade, General Stannard in command, in which was our 13th Regiment engaged in their first bat- tle — for although thej had made such a brilliant dash the day before, it could hard- ly be considered of the nature of a pitched battle, and had not proved that they would stand a withering fire or a charge. They were in General Doubleday's Division. Col. Randall tells me that Gen. Double- day very skeptically inquired " Colonel, will your men stand fire?" " I think they will," Col. Randall replied. We will in- troduce the language of another who was present on the field, to speak for our 13th Regiment. " The troops of Gen. Double- day's Division were disposed in three par- allel lines of battle. There were two rea- sons for this show of strength : first, the comparatively level and open nature of he ground at that point invited assault ; sec- ond, our Division and Corps Generals dis- trusted the ability of the nine months troops to withstand a charge. It was owned they did well the night before, when their prompt presence apparently saved the day in that part of the field, but it was known — and it was about all that was known about them in the Army of the Potomac — that they were nine months men, their term of service just expiring, and that they had had no previous experience under fire. They were expected to break at the first earnest onset of the enemy, and a double line of battle was placed behind them, — quite a needless precaution it was found." Col. Randall's Regiment of nine months men was advanced a little forward and to the left of the main line of the 2d Corps, where they threw up a few rails for protection, and lay low, the brow of the hill also affording a slight protection from the shells. A few men were wounded here in the short morning cannonade, which was followed by a long lull in the storm of battle at this point, meanwhile the vortex of the storm clung to the right, where it raged till 1 1 o'clock, as we have seen. A little picket skirmishing was all there was in the vicinity of our 13th until the grand assault was heralded by the al- most simultaneous burst of 150 guns from the enemy in front. This gave a little op- portunity to strengthen the breastwork of rails, wnich was done some two or three feet with rails scattered upon the ground, which was considerable protection to the men when flat upon the ground, and proved much needed before night. The silence for two hours had been al- most oppressive along the whole left, al- though the din of arms roared terribly enough away to the right. At ten min- utes before 10 o'clock the signal gun was fired, the top of the low ridge in front al- most instantly opened with a storm of shell, round shot and spherical case — even grape thickening the angry tempest. All this against that breastwork of rails, the cannonade ceased on the rebel side soon after 3 o'clock, the last two hours being rapid firing from this battery of 150 guns, concentrated from every angle upon our left centre, when followed the grand charge. It was not thought possible by the rebel generals that there could be any Union line left to resist a charge after such a can- nonade. Now commenced to move in close compact lines, in the finest of order, 17,000 of the picked troops of the Confed- eracy. On they came at common time, closing up as fast as our cannon opened a gap with that fearful hurtle of iron hail. The assaulting force had a front of about 1,000 yards moving in double column, with supports in the rear extending beyond either flank in front. The advance was across a broad stretch of open meadow, 20 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. something over a mile in length, and vary- ing from a half mile to nearly a mile in width between the confronting ridges, where thus far the battle had raged. The long gray confederate lines, pre- ceded by their skirmishers, have reached the low ground, half the distance between the confronting armies, when the Vermont regiments which are in advance of the main line are ordered up into line to re- ceive the enemy. The enemy's right at first seemed aiming directly upon our 13th and 14th regiments, and they were prepar- ing to give them a volley, to be followed by a charge, when an unexpected movement of the enemy offered the opportunity of a bril- liant display of military tactics and prowess, which our Colonels and commanding offi- cers did not fail to take advantage of. As the 13th and 14th rose to deliver their fire, the rebel force in front changed direction by its flank, and marched to the north across their front some 60 rods, when again fronting it, came in upon the line of the 2d Corps to the right of these regiments. Upon the commencement of this move- ment, the two regiments opened fire upon them by battalion, and continued it by file at about 60 rods with great effect. At the time the rebel charging lines fronted and advanced, after this side move- ment, they swung partly to the rear and right, where they seemed to become massed, presenting from the position of the Vermont Brigade a column massed by regiments. Thus in position they, with a wild yell, heard above the din of our pla)'- ing batteries, came in on the charge. The shock of the charge was tmly terrible, and it was resisted with a terrible obstinacy. They reach our lines, and the rebel Gen. Armistead is shot down with a hand on one of our guns. They even pierce the line in the terrible struggle, but the op- portunity for a flanking movement is dis- covered by the commanding officers of the Vermont Brigade, a movement already participated in to a certain extent by Col. Randall, of the 13th, and the 13th and i6th were ordered out upon the enemies' fiank. Col. Randall already well under way. They marched some 60 rods parallel to the main line, then changing front, their line swung out at nearly right angles upon the right of the rebel column, still res- olutely struggling to force our lines. As we have said, the 13th led, which marched by the right flank, and approathed very close upon the enemies' flank, when they changed front forward on the first com- pany, under a scattering fire from the en- emies' flank. There was but an instant of time before a rapid fire ran down the line of the regiment, at scarcely more than half pistol range. The effect was instantaneous and destructive beyond calculation. The rebel lines withered away as stubble be- fore the flame. To help complete the havoc and scoop up the prisoners, the i6th were soon seen taking up a position upon the I3th's left. Some 15 rounds were fired by Col. Randall's regiment at this short range, raking the enemy through and through by this fire upon his flank. The 1 6th also gave him about half as many rounds, everybullet probably taking effect, and many passing through two or three rebel bodies. The rebels broke and fled in all directions, the larger portion of their centre and right dropping their arms and rushing into our lines, surrendering them- selves as prisoners. Such was the result of that great charge made by the flower of Southern chivalry (and braver men never went to death), and such the brilliant rec- ord made by a regiment of men never under fire before — men who nine months before were in their shops, behind their counters, and in their farmers' suits, en- gaged in the pursuits of peace. And Wash- ington County has the honor of sending the commanding officer of this regiment as well as two companies in it, whose singu- lar rare fortune it was to have such an op- portunity to distinguish themselves, and whose singularly good fortune it was to so brilliantly fill a record so illustrious by im- proving its opportunity. The loss of the 13th was 8 killed, 89 wounded, and 26 mi.ssing. Men need not " doubt if the warp of gold " be yet in the stock descended from the compatriots of Ethan Allen. The Richmond Sentinel savs of the WASHINGTON COUNTY. flanking attack, " As Kemper's Brigade moved up it swung around to the left, and was exposed to the front and flanking fire of the Federals, which was very fatal." Another account in the same paper says : "A flanking party of the enemy, marching in column 'by regiments, was thrown out from the enemy's left on our extreme right, and by an enfilading fire forced the retirement of our troops."' The Richmond Enquirer gives a similar account, to which we may add the testimony of the correspondent of the London Times, who details tlie move- ments of the flanking column and speaks of Gen. Longstreet's order sent by Major Latrobe relating thereto, which was never received, as Latrobe'^s horse was shot un- der him, all making the issue of the battle turn on this point. It was one of the most memorable battles in history, equalling the carnage of Waterloo and surpassing all others of this generation until we come to the great battles in the campaign of the Franco-Prussian war. The aggregate cas- ualties of the armies fell not much short of 8,000 killed and 35,500 wounded. 5000 rebel dead were buried on or near the field. 7,600 wounded were left in our hands, and 13,621 prisoners were taken. It is not a little singular that our own County seems by the good fortunes of the hour, and the bravery and talent shown by its men, none of them ever under fire be- fore, except their Colonel, to have supplied the pivotal points on two days of this great battle's issue. Paul Dillingham, of Waterbury, filled the office of Chief Magistracy of the State for more than half the period of the war. He served both the County and State with signal ability. Earnest in suppressing the rebellion, he was prompt to act in filling the several quotas called for by the Gov- ernment. Zealous in the Union cause, by word and act, he encouraged his fellow citizens to withhold no sacrifice, while he also gave two sons to the country's service, one of whom remains with its dead. NATURAL HISTOKY. The County abounds in water-privileges and numerous cold springs, which add greatly to the value of its lands for dairy- ing purposes, as well as its excellent quality of grass. The W^inooski, the largest riv- er in the State, rises in the towns of Wal- den and Peacham, in Caledonia Co., its two head branches uniting in Marshfield, from whence it flows through the whole width of this County and thence through Chit- tenden Co. into Lake Champlain. It drains an area of about 1,000 square miles. Af- ter the junction of the two head branches in Marshfield, we have for its tributaries : Kingsbury's Branch, coming in on the west side of Plainfield Village, Stevens' Branch, coming in 2 miles above Mont- pelier village, from Barre, the Worcester Branch, uniting at Montpelier village. Dog River i mile below. Mad River i mile be- low Middlesex village, and Waterbury River, 2 miles below Waterbury village. There are many brooks beside, in the County, of considerable size and several ponds of varying sizes. Of ponds, the town of Woodbury alone has no less than 9, and the water-power of the County is greatly increased by its ponds which are natural reservoirs. The geological formation of the County is for the most part talcose slate ; mica, hornblend and limestone are found in con- siderable quantities ; argillaceous slate in the southern towns, felspar and quartz, with mica, in the eastern ; steatite and iron ore in the town of Warren. Stalactite and asbestos have also been found in smaller quantities in ditTerent localities, as well as gold. Camel's Hump, which lies upon the western border of the County, is only a few feet below the Chin, the highest peak in the Green Mountain range, a bold land- mark seen in nearly all parts of the County. Bald Mountain, rising from the spur to the east of Mad River, is also a noticeable peak nearly in the corner of the town lines of Waitsfield and Northfield. A spur or range broken off" from the Hog-Backs in Middlesex, at what is called the "Nar- rows." The Winooski seems to have channeled a gateway of a few feet in width down some 80 or 90 feet in the rock, leav- ing abrupt and precipitous sides crowned VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. with overhanging pines. Before this cut there must have been a lake of some miles in length, extending up the river and some of its tributaries above. The Marshfield Falls are also noticeable, where the main branch of the Winooski is said to fall 500 feet in 30 rods. Benjamin's Falls, near the outlet of Berlin Pond, which are exceedingly pic- turesque and beautiful, have become a place of frequent resort. The talc, slate, mica and limestone, mixed and pulverized, are the best and among the most durable of soils. The in- tervale on Dog, Mad and Winooski Rivers is very line, though in much of the length of these streams the valleys are narrow. Scarcely inferior to the meadow lands along the rivers are many ot the hill farms. Pasturage is even better here, and the hay of better quality, if falling off a little in quantity. The soil is excellent also for corn and oats in the valleys, and besides well adapted to wheat-growing on the up- lands. As a dairy County it has few equals. In 1841, there was a severe tornado in the towns of Fayston and Waitsfield. It commenced on the heights of the land in the middle of the town of Fayston, and had a S. E. direction, spending its force against the sides of a mountain in the town of Waitsfield, where it leveled some 20 or 30 acres of heavy woodland in a body. As it moved down from the highlands into the valley of Mill Brook, the scene of the storm was said by those who observed from the hill range above the cloud, to be sublime beyond description. One rolling sea of fire with perpetual thunders, crashed and roared as it swept through, as it seemed almost at their very feet. A more general tornado visited the County in 1866, which had a N. E. cour.se, doing much damage in nearly all the towns. The gust that did most of the damage did not last more than a minute or a minute and a half, yet barns were carried from their found- ations, with cattle, horses, and all to be mixed in one common ruin ; houses were unroofed, chimneys blown down, wood- lands leveled, and all movable things put in motion. Some of our towns had forty or fifty barns destroyed ; one or two val- uable horses were killed, and several liead of horned cattle. A few persons were se- riously injured, though we do not know of any one being killed. Some of the barns were among the very best in the County, valued at two or three thousand dollars. The County has been visited by a number of freshets since its organization, the most notable of whicli was in 1830, which oc- casioned the memorable slide upon the eastern slope of the Green Mountains, and by which the County lost most of its bridges and a large share of its mills ; sev- eral lives were lost. In that of 1869, nearly as destructive, the little village of Plainfield suffered to the amount of $20,000. Half of Montpelier village was under water, sev- eral streets in Northfield, and there was a general destruction of bridges and mills throughout the County; also railroad trains were delayed for days. Deer and the black bear were found very plenty in the first of the settlement, and occasionally the American monsal, or moose. The bear stil] contests the rights of civilization, rather too successfully for our sheep pastures at times. Fish, also, particularly that favorite, the speckled or brook trout, abounded in our streams. This county is no doubt among the best localities of the world for trout raising. The spruce partridge and wood-pigeon were considerably hunted for game in former times, and partridge is yet sought by the sportsman with some success. The American panther, or catamount, which figured in our first coat of arms, was oc- casionally seen, one of which had a bloody fray with a bear just out the precincts of Montpelier village, near the sand-bottom bridge, if we credit the story of Joel Frizzle, an old trapper, who claims to have been an eye witness, and wolves were quite numerous. The Hon. Daniel Baldwin when a lad was chased by a pack while traveling the road on Dog River between Northfield and Montpelier one night after dark, and only saved himself by the dex- terity with which he handled a fire-brand. The cold .season of 1816, I have been told by those living at the time, the snow BARRE. 23 fell a foot deep here the eighth of June. The trees full in leaf looked after the freeze as if a fire had over-ran the woods. Many were broken by the weight of the snow, and the apple crop was spoiled, and hardly enough corn raised for seed ; but the ce- reals and the wheat gave abundant har- vest, and there was no famine. Champlain, on the Lake that took his name, saw mountains to the east covered with snow the 4th of July, 1609. Our winters have considerably shortened since the settlement of the country, and our snow-fall and rain-fall no doubt dimin- ished. We are aware of our incompleteness in this chapter. We have invited the mem- bers of the Bar and cferks of the County Court to add whatever may be of interest in that direction, receiving some encour- agement it would be done. The social societies of the County are so much of the nature of those already given by others, we have not thought their interest with the repetition, desirable. Montpelier, i86g. BARRE. BY HON CARLOS CARPENTER. Barre is situated in the S. E. part of Washington Co., lat, 44° 1 1', long. 4° 31', bounded N. by East Montpt-lier and Plain- field, E. by Orange, S. by Williamstown and Washington, W. by Berlin, contains 19,900 acres, and was chartered Nov. 6, 1780, to William Williams and 66 others by the name of Wildersburgh, and organ- ized under that name Mar. 11, 1793: Jo- seph Uwight, first town clerk ; Joseph Sherman, Joseph Dwight, Nathan Har- rington, selectmen : Jonas Nichols, treas- urer; Job Adams, constable; Isaac S. Thompson, Apollos Hale, Elias Cheney listers. The name of the town was soon after changed. At a town meeting holden Sept. 3, 1793, Voted, that the man that will give the most towards building a meeting-house in said town, shall name the town, and the town will petition the Legislature for that name. The name of the town vendued and bid off by Ezekiel Dodge Wheeler, for 62 _^ lawful money, he being the high- est bidder, and .said Wheeler named the town Barre. At the same meeting. Voted, to recommend Lt. Benj. Walker to serve as justice of peace. At the March meeting in 1794, the town Voted, to vendue the collectorship to the person who will collect the taxes for the least premium, and the collectorship was vendued to Joel Shurtliff, and he is to give the town three pence, three farthings on the pound for the privilege of collecting all the town taxes. At a town meeting holden June 23, 1794, the town Voted, to choose a committee of three to procure a preacher of the Gospel, liy vote, chose Benj. Walker, Esq., Apollos Hale and Samuel D. Cooke, committee. The town at an early day evinced a de- sire to look after the moral, .social and religious interests of the people that should come among them to settle on the lands, and clear them up to make a thriving com-" munity. The settlement was commenced about 1788, by Samuel Rogers and John Golds- bury, who came into town with their fam- ilies. Soon after, a number of families came in, and from 1790, the town became rapidly settled by emigrants from Massa- chusetts and New Hampshire. It was first represented in the General Assembly in 1793, by Nathan Harrington. The town lies 6 miles easterly from Montpelier. The Vt. Cent. R. R. extended its line to Barre in 1875. The first passenger train carried students and those attending Goddard Seminary Commencement ex- ercises, July I, 1875, since which passen- ger and freight trains have run regularly. L. F. Aldrich, first station agent, appointed in August, 1875, served till June i, 1878; E. K. Williams, from June i to July 8, 1878; and M. C. Kinson, appointed July 20, 1878, is present station agent. Thos. W. Bailey has been passenger conductor since the road was opened, and Dexter Moody baggage-master ; engineers, James Bowers, Robert Gregg, David Dan- iels, and present engineer, Albert Cas- well. The cars have never but once been 24 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ofif the irons, it is said, on this line, and no serious accident has yet occurred. The freight business at Barre depot is ranked about the fourth on the Vt. Central lines. Barre is the present terminus of this line (1881) but it is expected it will soon be e.xtended to Royal ton, Wind.sor Co. Barre has two flourishing schools — the Academy and Seminary. BARRE ACADEMY. BY CHAS. A. SMITH, OF THE BOARD OF TKUSTKKS. Barre Academy was chartered by the Legislature in 1849. Of the first board of trustees, chosen by the corporators, Hon. Newell Kinsman was president, and Hon. Leonard Keith, secretary. In 1853, the board was increased to 25 members, who have full oversight and administration of the affairs of the school. The present of- ficers of the board are : President, Hon. Hiram Carleton, of Montpelier ; Secretary, Chas. A. Smith ; Barre Prudential Com- mittee, E.W. Bisbee, Esq., H. O.Worthen, M. D., Hon. R. E. Patterson. The acad- emy building was erected in 1852. The school opened in that autumn, with J. S. Spaulding, A. M., principal, who came from Bakersfield, Vt., where, as Prof. Ben- edict, of Burlington, wrote for the " Free Press" at that time, he had "acquired a high reputation by his superior manage- ment of Bakersfield Academy." Mr. Spaulding continued at the head of Barre Academy until his death, which occurred suddenly of heart disease, Apr. 29, 1880, and during all this time he maintained his reputation as one of the ablest and most successful teachers of the State, and by his persistent and self-denying labors made the Academy one which, for excellent dis- cipline and thorough practical training, was unsurpassed by any school in the country. Mr. Spaulding's influence was also felt among all the teachers of the State. He was one of the founders, and for many years the president, of the Ver- mont State Teachers' Association. He was keenly alive to all the material inter- ests of the community in which he resided, by his instruction of the young men, by his conversations with the fathers, and by the enthusiastic labors and the practical experiments by which he converted the little farm on which he lived and died from a barren hillside pasture to a fertile field, and pleasant grounds, with quiet walks and cooling shades ; he did much to awaken among the farmers of town a higher idea of their calling, and to stimulate a taste for scientific farming in its truest sense. He was chosen a delegate to the constitutional convention in 1870 ; in 1876, elected a representative to the legislature. The degree of L.L. D. was conferred upon him by Middlebury College in 1868. Dr. Spaulding was born in Tewksbury, Mass., and while a child, removed with his parents to Temple, N. H,, where he lived until he entered Dartmouth College in 1837, graduating in 1841. He was soon after married to Miss Mary W. Taylor, who in his labors was a most interested and efficient co-worker, and who now sur- vives him. They had no children. The school has since the death of Dr. Spaulding been under the charge of A. N. Wheelock, A. M., a graduate of the insti- tution, class 'JT,, and of the U. V. M., class '78, and under his able management, promises to maintain its high reputation among the educational institutions of the State. There have been connected with the school as assistant principals since its establishment 24 gentlemen : Rev. Sim- eon Gilbert, editor of the Advance, Chi- cago, 111. ; Rev. A. W. Hazen, of Middle- town, Ct. ; I. W. Camp, A. M., Chicago, 111. ; Hon. John M. Thatcher, ex-Com missioner of Patents, Chicago, 111. ; Hon. Senaca Hasleton, Judge of Municipal Court, Burlington, Vt., and others; and about 30 ladies, some of whom have been well known teachers in other schools of the land, have been employed as assist- ants. The number of scholars of both sexes who have completed the courses of studies prescribed has been nearly 300, and the honorable record made by some of these, and of the thousands more who have been for a longer or a shorter period connected with the school, afford the surest testimony of the faithful work done by its teachers in the past. Names of a few old BARRE. 25 students who have become prominent in the localities in which they have settled, and in the calling they have chosen. Wal- worth Z. Mitchell, Esq., Superintendent of Schools, Memphis, Tenn. ; Hon. John I. Gilbert, Malone, N. Y. ; Hon. John M. Thatcher, Chicago, 111. ; PercisA. Thomp- son, teacher, Goddard Seminary, Barre, Vt. ; Rev. Geo. P. Beard, Principal S. N. School, Shippenburgh, Pa. ; Miss Emily Cook, teacher, Chicago, 111. ; Hon. Geo. L. Godfrey, Des Moines, Iowa ; Hon. Al- bert Clark, St. Albans, Vt. ; Rev. J. J. Lewis, So. Boston, Ma.ss. ; Hon. M. B. Carpenter, Denver, Colorado ; Hon. Senaca Hasleton, Burlington, Vt. The Academy has always been under the control of those who are Congregationalists ; still there has never been any discrimination with respect to the advantages of the school, and there is nothing in the rules or the discipline of the school which distinguishes between scholars of this and any other re- ligious belief. The corriculum of studies covers a course of 4 years, and is admirably adapted to fit students for any New Eng- land college, or for the active pursuit of a business or professional life. The attend- ance for the school year, ending June 16, 1 88 1, aggregated 175. The graduating class numbered 9 — 5 gentlemen and 4 ladies. THE NATIONAL BANK OF BARRE. CONTKIUUTED BY MR. SMITH. It was chartered and organized Jan. li, 1873, by the removal of the old Chelsea Bank to this place, effected through the in- fluence of Hon. B. W. Bartholomew, of Washington, Vt., and Dr. Braley, of Barre. Dr. N. W. Braley was chosen President of the tirst board of directors, and William G. Austin, Cashier. Mr. Austin died of ty- phoid fever in the autumn of the same year, and was succeeded byChas. A. King till 1877. . On the night of the 5th of July, 1875, an attempt was made to burglarize the bank by compelling the Cashier to disclose the combination of the locks, which was foiled by a chronometer lock that had been placed upon the safe only a few days previous. By the prompt and courageous action of Mr. King, who was, on the departure of the robbers left with his family, bound in his house, nearly half a mile from the village, but who soon slipped his bonds, and alarm- ed the officers of the bank. A pursuit was instituted, which resulted in the capture of one of the burglars near Rumney, N. H., the next day, and subsequently two others of the gang were arrested iu'New York city. One was delivered up to serve out an unexpired term at Sing Sing ; one, Geo. Miles with numerous aliases, was brought to Mont- pelier, tried and sentenced to 15 years in the State Prison. The one first arrested, called Peter Curley, turned state's evi- dence, and was discharged. Mr. King resigned his position as cash- ier June II, 1877, and was .succeeded by E. D. Blackwell, who resigned Feb. 26, 1 88 1, to become cashier of the National Bank of Montpelier, ¥. L. Eaton being chosen to succeed him. There have been chosen 1 1 directors of the bank since its organization, of whom only two have died in office : Hon. Luther M. Martin, of Williamstown, died in 1874, and Dr. Braley in 1880. The capital stock of the bank was at its organization $200,- 000, but by a vote of the stockholders in 1880, it was reduced to $100,000. The board of directors chosen at the annual meeting in .1881, were L. F. Aldrich, Jo- siah Wood, Willard S. Martin, B. W. Braley and J. M. Perry. These elected L. F. Aldrich, president, B. W. Braley, vice president, F. L. Eaton, cashier. NORMAN W. BRALEY, M. D., The first President of the National Bank of Barre, was born in Pomfret, Vt., Aug. 14, 1823, and was graduated at the Vt. Medical College at Woodstock, in 1844. He soon after commenced practice in Wash- ington, Vt., where he remained a few years, and moved to Chelsea, where he lived until he came to Barre. By his skill and suc- cess as a physician, the Doctor in the 25 years of his practice gained an extensive and a lucrative ride and a reputation which placed him in the first rank of physicians in the State. He removed to Barre in 1872, and identified himself at once with the VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. business interests of the place, using his influence, and freely contributing of his means to further every enterprise which promised to promote the prosperity of the place. He died Sept. ii, 1880, of ap- oplexy. His wife, Mrs. Armina P. (Ca- liff) l^raley, to whom he was married Nov. 16. 1852, and 3 sons, survive him. GODDARD SEMINARY. At the annual session of the Vt. State Convention of Universalists in Montpelier, 1863, a committee was appointed to ob- tain a charter for a state denominational school of the highest grade below that of college, and the charter was obtained of the Legislature the same fall, under title of Green Mountain Central Institute ; name changed Nov. 1870, to Goddard Seminary. The charter has the right to hold per- sonal and real estate to the amount of $100,000. The charter obtained, Prof. Shipman, now of Tufts College, took the field to raise money till Sept. 1864; raised $15,000; increased afterwards by Rev. J. J. Lewis, Rev. 5. W. Squire and others, to about $50,000, and $10,000 was given ■ by the late Thomas A. Goddard, of I>oston. Fall of 1864, location was re- ferred to committee : Rev. A. A. Miner, D. D., Boston, Hon. E. Trask, Spring- field, Mass., Rev. G. W. Bailey, Lebanon, N. H. Springfield, So. Woodstock, Bethel, Northfield and East Montpelier competed for the institution. It is said through in- fluence of Judge Tilden, largely, Barre lo- cation won, a gh acre lot of land on an elevated plain, a little to the north of Barre village, commanding a wide and beautiful prospect. The building com- mittee was Hon. Heman Carpenter, L. F. Aldrich, Charles Templeton ; T. W. Sil- loway, of Boston, architect. Judge Car- penter was a devoted friend to the enter- prise, and Messrs. Aldrich and Templeton gave the greater part of their time for 3 yeans without remuneration. The building was completed in about 4 years. 160 ft. length ; central jDart, 52 ft. sq. ; wings, 53^ ft. length by 43 width ; 9 feet back from central front; foundation bed, coarse, hard gravel; walls, split granite, laid in mortar upward to basement windows ; height, 5 stories; body of edifice, hard-burnt bricks, best quality ; material taken out of the hill on which the building stands ; manufac- tured on the spot at cost of about 7,000 ; at top of basement story, belt 9 inches w'dth, of hewn granite, with fine cut work 4 inches deep extending completely around the building ; window-sills and edifice trim- mings, all of granite; over central part, two towers, extending 45 feet above the main building; but the charm of all, is the scenery amid which it is located. The sweep of view is remarkably fine the site commands. It was opened for instruction Feb. 1870, L. L. Burington, A. M., first principal, for 2^ years, now principal of Dean Academy, Mass. F. M. Harris was the second principal, li years, now prin- cipal of Somerville, Mass., High School. Henry Priest, the third and present prin- cipal, has now presided over the institution 7 years. The whole number of students to 1881, 831 ; graduates, 132; average at- tendance, 275. Rev. C. H. Eaton, class of '70, first class of Goddard Seminary, is pastor of the Church of Divine Paternity, in place of the late E. H. Chapin, New York. Both the Academy and Seminary at Barre have always been open to the edu- cation of both sexes, and have always main- tained an honorable and high position in the State as educational institutions. The Seminary has about $80,000 in- vested in school property ; fund of $10,000 just completed — June, 1881. Presentboard of teachers : Henry Priest, principal, a.s- sisted by Charles C. Bates, A. M., and J. N. Darling, B. Ph., in fall term; Miss Flora C. Eaton, preceptress ; Misses P. A. Thompson, A. J. Watson, S. C. Tilden, F. A. West, F. J. Hopkins, assistant teach- ers'; W. A. Wheaton, music-teacher ; J. M. Kent, penmanship. Number of trustees (1880) 30; President, Rev. W. R. Ship- man, A. M., College Hill, Ma.ss. ; Vice President, N. W. Braley, M. D. (deceased) Barre ; Secretary and Treasurer, George Tilden, Barre; Hon. Harvey Tilden, L. F. Aldrich, Henry Priest, Charles Templeton, David W. Mower, Esq., Miles Morrison, BARRE. Esq., Rev. W. M. Kimmell, trustees re- siding in Barre, other trustees residing in the County: Rev. J. E. Wright, Hon. Chas. H. Heath, Hon. Clark King, A. J. Hollister, Esq., Montpelier ; Hon. Heman Carpenter, John Gregory, Northtield ; I. S. Dwinell, Calais; S. D. Hollister, Marsh- lield. Miss Tilden, teacher, now Mrs. Averill. The soil of the town is generally very good, producing wheat, rye, oats, corn and potatoes in abundance ; along the streams the meadows produce good crops of hay. There is an abundante of sugar maple on the lands back from the streams, from which a large amount of sugar is yearly made. LIST OF REPRESENTATIVES, AND THE YEARS OF REPRESENTATION. Nathan Harrington, 1793; Asaph Sher- man, 1794, "95, '96; Benjamin Walker, 1797, '99; Nathaniel Killam, 1798; James Fisk, 1800, 'i, '2, '3, '4, '9, '10, '15; Lu- ther Holton, 1805 ; Nathan Carpenter, 1 806; John Dodge, 1807, 1808; Nathan Stone, 181 1 ; Warren Ellis, i8i2,'i3, '14, '16, '17, '20, '22 ; Phineas Thompson, 1818, "19, '27 ; Jacob Scott, 1821 ; Peter Nichols, 1823, '26, '28; Denison Smith, 1824, '25,^29; Alvan Carter, 1830, '32, '33 ; Lucius B. Peck, 1831 ; John Twing, 1834, '35 ; Jacob Scott, Jr., 1836, '';^7, '38; Newell Kins- man, 1839, '4° i Leonard Keith, 1841, '42 ; David D. Wing, 1843, '44 ; Webber Tilden, 1845 ; Obadiah Wood, 1846; George W. Collamer, 1847, '48 ; Harvey Tilden, 1849 i Warren H. Ellis, 1850; Jesse Scott, 1851, '52 ; Denison K. Smith, 1853, '57 ; Joseph Sargent, 1854, '55 ; Joseph C. Parker, 1856; None, 1858, '61, '64; Leonard F. Aldrich, 1859, '60; Ira Holden, 1862, '63; Geo. W. Tilden, 1865, '66; Frank Staf- ford, 1867; Charles O. Reed, 1868; Wil- liam E. Whitcomb, 1869, '70, '71. LIST OF TOWN CLERKS. Joseph Dwight, 1793, '94, '95 ; Gardner Wheeler, 1796, '97; Nathan Carpenter, 1798, '99, 1800, 'i, '2, '3, '4, 's, '6; Sher- man Minott, 1807, '8, '9, '10; Warren Ellis, 1811, '12, '13, '14, '15, '16, '17; Jo- seph Ripley, 18 18 to 1840; Alvan Carter, 1841 to 1862; Albert Johonnott, 1863; Clark Holden, 1864; Carlos Carpenter, 1865, '66, '67, '68, '69, '70, '71. LIST OF FIRST COSNTABLES. Job Adams, 1793. '97; Joel Shurtliff, 1794 ; Samuel Scott, 1795 ; Isaac S. Thomp- son, 1796, 1812; Apollos Hale, 1798; James Paddock, 1799, 1800, 'i, 10, 11, '13; Reuben Carpenter, 1802, 1803; Phineas Thompson, 1804; Ezekiel D. Wheeler, 1805; Chapin Keith, 1806, '7, '9; Andrew Dewey, 1808; Peter Nichols, 1814, '15, '16, '17, '18, '19, '23, '24, '25, '26, '27, '28 ; Moses Rood, Jr., 1820, '21, '22; Lewis Peck, 1829; Otis Peck, 1830, '31, '32, '33, '34' '35 ; Thomas Town, 1836, '37, '38, '39 ; Alvan Drury, 1840, '41, '42, '43, '44, '45, '47, '48, '49, '50, '51 ; Joseph C. Parker, 1852; Silas Town, Jr., 1853; David D. Wing, 1854, '55, '56; Micah French, 1857, ■58, '59; N. F. Averill, i860, '61, '62, '63, '68, '69, '70, '71 ; A. M. Jackman, 1846, 1865; A. A. Nichols, 1864; Ira P. Har- rington, 1866; A. J. Smith, 1867. COL. BENJAMIN WALKER was one of the early settlers in Barre. He was boi-n in Rehoboth, Mass., 1751, was a Lieutenant in the Revolution, was at the capture of Burgoyne, and commanded a company of the Massachusetts line, (his captain being sick) . He removed to Barre, Mar. 1793 ; held the office of selectman a number of years ; was a Colonel of the militia ; was the first justice of the peace ; represented the town in the General As- sembly, and was called to discharge the duties of arbitrator and committee to settle matters of difference between his towns- men and the towns around him in num- berless instances. He was quite infirm for some years previous to his death, which occurred at Barre, May, 1823. MAJOR NATHAN HARRINGTON was the sixth settler in Barre. He came .from Holden, Ma.ss., about the year 1790, and settled on the East hill in the town ; cleared the farm on which his grand-son, Ira P. Harrington, now resides; was one of the first board of selectmen ; was the first town representative, and discharged the duties of many of the town offices, with 28 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. great promptness. He was a Mark Antony man — He "spoke right on," was always kind and generous, frank and honest. He was nearly blind some years before his death, which occurred at Barre, July 30, 1828, aged 71 years. HQN. JAMES FISK came into Barre about 1796, from Green- wich, Mass. ; was elected one of the se- lectmen in 1799, a member of the Legisla- ture in 1800, and represented the town 9 years ; was a judge of the County Court in 1802; was 10 years a Member of Congress ; received the appointment of Governor of the Territory of Indiana, which he de- clined ; was a Senator in Congress from 18 1 7 to 18 19, when he accepted the ap- pointment of Collector for the District of Vermont, and subsequently removed to Swanton. He was a very able and efificient legislator ; could express his views upon almost any subject without previous prep- aration. He was a firm friend of Mr. Madison, and frequently counselled with him relative to the subject of carrying on the War of 18 12. Judge Fisk was a Re- publican of that time, and a live Whig in 1840. He died some years since. HON. WARREN ELLIS came into Barre about 1803, from Clare- mont, N. H. ; was born May 24, 1777. He was a saddler by trade, and carried on the business very successfully. He gave con- siderable attention to music, was a good performer on the violin, taught singing, and was one of the best vocalists of his day. After he had done singing in public, he took great delight in conversing and in- structing others in the science of music. He held the office of town clerk of Barre 7 years, was judge of the County Court 6 years, and represented the town 7 years in the General Assembly. He has one son, Warren H. Ellis, Esq,, who resides at Waukegan, 111. ; is clerk of the County Court for that county, and one daughter, Mrs. D. H. Sherman, who resides in the West. He died at Barre, June 10, 1842, aged 65 years. DEACON JONAS NICHOLS was one of the first settlers in Barre ; took up the lot of land on which John N. Wilson now resides ; cleared it up, and resided on the same lot until his death, which took place Aug. 26, 1841, aged 96 years. CAPT. JOSEPH WATSON settled at an early day in the south-easterly part of the town ; carried on the tanning and shoemaker business a number of years. He became involved in building a part of the Chelsea turnpike in 1808 ; sold out and retired from business, but lived to the age of 99 years. His death occurred June 7, 1862. HON. DENISON SMITH came into Barre about 1808, from Plain- field, N. H., and established himself as an attorney, and became eminent in his pro- fession. He was called to many offices of trust ; was 6 years State's attorney, 3 years a member of the Legislature, and one year judge of the County Court. In all his business relations, he was ever true to every trust; was genial, kind and affable ; never urging suitors into litigation. His health was poor for some years previous to his death, which occurred at Barre, Feb. 8, 1836, aged 51 years. He left one son, DENISON K. SMITH, who was a graduate of Dartmouth College ; fitted himself for the practice of law, re- sided in Barre, and became a good book lawyer. He represented the town in the Legislature 2 years, and was State's at- torney 2 years. He was twice married, but was without wife or children at his death, which took place at Barre, Mar. 6, i860 ; age 38 years. CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH IN BARRE. BY KEY. L. TENNF.Y. The Congregational church was organ- ized Nov. 14, 1799, consisting of 12 mem- bers. The council called for the organiza- tion of the church was made up of Revs. Richard Ransom, of Woodstock, John Ransom, of Rochester, Jonathan Kinney, of Plainfield, and James Hobart, of Berlin, and Deacon William Wood, delegate from Woodstock. During the first 7 years the church had no settled pastor. February 22, 1807, the Rev. Aaron Palmer was or- BARRE. 29 dained, and his ministry continued until his death, Feb. 7, 1821. Rev. Justus W. French was ordained over this church May 23, 1822, and dis- missed Dec. 22, 183 1. Rev. Joseph Thatcherwas installed Jan. 6, 1835, '^'''fl dismissed Jan. 31, 1838. Rev. James W. Wheelock was installed Sept. 17, 1838, and dismissed Nov. 20, 1839. Rev. Andrew Royce was installed Feb. 24, 1841, and dismissed Sept. 18, 1856. Rev. E. Ervin Carpenter was installed Dec. 22, 1857. anddismi.s.sed Mar. 6, 1867. Rev. Leonard Tenney commenced preaching for this people in Oct., 1867, and still (1871) continues to be their minister. The first meeting-house was raised in the fall of 1804, but was not fully finished until 1808. The church and society con- tinued to worship there until 1 841, when the present brick church was erected, which has since been very tastefully fitted up inside, by frescoing and carpeting, etc. It has a fine toned bell and a large organ, and the attendance has always been quite large. A large and flourishing Sabbath- school has been kept up for many years past. The Society have a very commodious parsonage. Rev. Mr. Tenney' resigned his charge May i. 1881. Under his min- istry the church was prospered ; differences of opinion which had existed between members were adjusted, and 130 new members added to their number ; a debt that had been incurred was paid, and the society placed on a sound financial basis. By his resignation, which he was moved to tender on account of failing health, the church lost a faithful pastor and leader. The Rev. P. McMillan, a graduate of Union Theological Seminary, is at pres- ent supplying the pulpit. No. of member- ship in 1880, 171 ; Sabbath-school, 256. METHQDISM IN BARRE. BY KEV. P MKHKILL. The first Methodist sermon was preached in Barre in 1796, by Rev. Jesse Lee, the great apostle of Methodism in New Eng- land, in the house of Col. Benj. Walker. While listening to the sermon of Mr. Lee at this meeting, Mrs. Catherine Thomp- son, the wife of Isaac S. Thompson, re- ceived into her heart the precious seed of the Gospel sower, and the following day her hu.sband, listening to a sermon from Mr. Lee, gave his heart to the Saviour. Others soon joined them, and a class was formed consisting of 11 members. Mrs. Thompson died in this same Christian faith, Apr. 13, i860, aged 93 years, living all this while within one mile of where she heard the memorable discourse of Mr. Lee. In the year 1797, Rev. Ralph Wil-^ liston was sent to Barre as preacher. The church since that time has been blest with good and efficient preachers. It has wit- nessed three great revivals, in 1824, '26 and '42, under the labors of Revs. A. D. Merrill, I. Templeton, Daniel Kilborn, H. W. Wheelock, N. H. Houghton and J. L. Slason. The labors of other min- isters have been crowned with abundant success. The church now numbers 165 members and 32 probationers, and is on the whole in a prosperous condition. The first church was erected on the common, but in what year the writer is unable to learn. [For date of early his- tory of Methodism in Barre, the reader is referred to the history of Methodism in Williamstown in the supplement volume of this work — Ed.] It was subsequently removed across the road to where the Congregational parsonage now stands. In the year 1837, a new church was erected, and 3 years since it was refitted and re- paired at an expense of $8,000. A fine parsonage is located opposite the church, which is furnished with the heavy furni- ture. This is considered among the best appointments in the Vermont Conference. The congregations are large on the Sab- bath, the Sabbath-school is in a prosper- ous condition, and the social meetings are of an interesting character. During its history no minister who has served it has degenerated, and no serious church trials have been experienced by its members. The oldest member connected with this church now living, (1871) is Mrs. Content 3° VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Patterson, aged 94 years, with her mental powers all vigorous. She has always en- joyed good health — (deceased). THE UNIVERSALIST CHURCH. BY KEV F. S. BLISS. The Universalist Church in Barre was organized Oct. 27, 1796. The Town Records, (vol. i), has the following cer- tificate : These may certify whom it may concern, that John Goldsbury, John Goldsbury, Jr., William Goldsbury, Thomas Dodge, Cal- vin Smith, Bartholomew French, Thomas Ralph, Amos Conant, Eliphalet Dens- more, George Little, Lemuel Farwell, Jon- athan Culver, Sylvanus Goldsbury, Henry Gale, Phineas Richardson, James Bodwell, liave formed themselves into a Religious Society, professing themselves to be of the Universalist Denomination, viz.: Be- lieving in universal redemption and salva- tion by the merits of Jesus Christ. William Farwell, Elder. This organization was formed 16 years after the township was chartered, and 3 years after it received the name of Barre. Although Universalism in this place has pas.sed through various fortunes, it has never since been disorganized. The large and influential society and church now ex- isting here are the outgrowth of this ap- parently small beginning. There were Universalists among the first settlers of the town. John Goldsbury, whose name stands at the head of the six- teen which represent the original society, was one who began "the work of con- verting the wilderness into farms."" And most of these men are known to have been men ot intelligence, enterprise and good moral and religious character. Some of them were prominent citizens among the earlier settlers of the town, and a large part of them are still represented by lead- ing families in the community, and in the Universalist church. REV. WILLIAM FARWELL, whose name is affixed to the certificate of organization as the Elder of the society, was not a resident of Barre at the time the society was formed, but visited this and other places in the vicinity from time to time. He moved to Barre from North Charlestown, N. H., sometime in 1803 or "4. But there is little doubt he labored considerably with the society before he came to live with it. Mr. Farwell was the first resident Universahst minister in Barre. He did not preach here all the time, but did the work of an Evangelist in the region round about. We .have no means of knowing what portion of the time he preached in Barre ; but we know i\e often took quite extensive missionary tours in the State and into other States. Probably he did not regard himself at any time as strictly the. pastor of the society ; but he gave it much of his labor, and contributed largely to its establishment and growth. He was a mau of fervent piety, and greatly beloved, not only in his own church, but by all who knew him. He died at the residence of his son, and his body was laid to rest in the rural graveyard, near his old home in the south-east part of the town. Upon the stone which marks his grave we read this just tribute : Rev. William Farwell, died Dec. nth, 1S23, in the 74th year of his age. He was a preacher of God's universal love, cheer- ful and friendly in life, faithful in his la- bors, and departed in hope of future life and immortality. In 1808, the Rev. Paul Dean moved to Barre, and became pastor of the society. He labored with it several years with great success. After his removal, it had no res- ident pastor until 1821 ; but was suppHed by various clergymen a portion of the time. In 1821, Rev. John E. Palmer was settled, and preached here statedly, a part of the time for 15 years. At that period in the history of our church, much mis- sionary labor was demanded. Our preach- ers were few, and not many of them were permitted to give their undivided labors to the care of one church. Mr. Palmer was often called to other fields of labor, and the church in Barre had to seek frequent supplies by other preachers. Rev. Thomas Browning was regularly employed a quar- ter of tiie time for several years, thus re- leasing Mr. Palmer, and enabling him to comply with the numerous demands for his services. Other preachers were also BARRE. 31 frequently employed, under the ministry of Mr. Palmer and Mr. Browning. Against all these disadvantages, the church stead- ily increased in numbers, strength and spiritual life. Fathers Palmer and Brown- ing still live, (1871) rejoicing for what has been done by their instrun'.entality, not only in Barre, but in many other tields which are now rich with harvests, grown from the seed which they sowed. In 1822, the society built a substantial brick church at South Barre, in which it worshipped until 1852. ^ Rev. R. S. Sanborn became pastor here in May, 1844, and was dismissed by his own request Oct. i, 1848. Rev. Joseph Sargent took charge in the autumn of 1849. His resignation was ac- cepted at the annual meeting, January 12, 1857. His labors contributed largely to the growth of the church. By his untiring efforts a new and beautiful church was built in the Lower Village in 1852. The business and population of the town had largely moved to this village, and the life of the church seemed to be waning. The church built in 1852, is the one in which the congregation now worships. It needs, and will soon receive, extensive re- pairs. Since the society moved to its present place ot worship, its growth has been constant and rapid. There are now 100 families connected with the society. The church was re-organized in October, 1859, ^" by the Government of Thomas Sumner, j New York, were present, and the Courts opened as is usual in other Courts — Also present James Pennock, ^ Abner Fowler, > Justices of the Quorum. John Peters, j John Taplin, Jr., Sheriff. "N. B. these Courts were the Courts of Quarterly sessions and the Court of com- mon Plea for Said County. " Court adjourned to the last Tuesday in August next to be held in said Kingsland. "Opened accordingly, and appointed four Constables, Simeon Stevens for New- bury, Jesse McFarland for Moretown, Abner Howard for Thetford, and Samuel Pennock for Strafford, and adjourned to the last Tuesday of Nov. "Nov. 27, Court opened at Kingsland. Called over the docket of 8 cases only, put over and dismissed them, and appointed Ebenezer Green constable for Thetford, and Samuel Pennock, Ebenezer Martin and Ebenezer Green and Samuel Allen Surveyors for the County, and adjourned to February next last Tuesday. Feb. 25, } Sett out from Moretown for 1 77 1. ^ Kings Land, travelled untill Knight there Being no Road, and the Snow very depe, we travelled on Snow Shoes or Racats, on the 26th we travelled Some ways, and Held a Council when it was concluded it was Best to open the Court as we Saw No Line it was not whether in Kingsland or not. But we concluded we were farr in the woods we did not expect to See any House unless we marched three miles within Kingsland and no one lived there when the Court was ordered to be opened on the spot, present John Taplin, Judge Jolin Peters of the Quorum John Taplin Jr., Sheriff, all Causes Continued or adjourned over to Next term the Court, if one, adjourned over until the last Tuesday in May Next at which time it was opened and after dis- posing of one case of bastardy, adjourned to August next. " John Peters Clerk." BERLIN. 57 Thus ends this curious specimen of ju- dicial records. It will be seen at the first court nothing is hinted about the court being held in the woods and snows. It was probably held at the nearest house in Corinth, and, by a judicial fiction, treated as a court at Kingsland. But it does not appear that the court was ever called at Kingsland after the so-called August Term, 1771, having the next term met at Newbury, where it continued to hold sessions till the breaking out of the Rev- olution. The court did not, however, give up the idea of making Kingsland the seat of justice, for they ordered their young Sheriff, John Taplin, Jr., to build a log jail there, which he promptly executed, and made return to the court accordingly, though it is believed that the jail, as such, was never occupied. This singularly orig- inated log-jail was situated a mile or two S. E. of the present village of Washington, near the sources of the brook which, run- ning northerly into Stevens' Branch, thence forward, took the name of Jail Branch. On the opening of the Revolution, Colonel Taplin declining to take sides against the King who had distinguished him, retired during the war into Canada, leaving our John TajDlin, Jr., on the paternal property in Corinth, where he resided until many years after Vermont had become a State, and was so much esteemed by his fellow- townsmen as to have received from them at least two elections as their represent- ative in the legislature. In the summer of 1787 he removed to Berlin, having pur- chased that excellent farm on the lower part of Dog River, since known as the old John Hayden place, and became the first representative of Berlin, and for several years the first officiating justice of the peace in all this vicinity. At the age of twenty he married Miss Catharine Lovell, daughter of Colonel Ne- hemiah Lovell, of Newbury, who was grand-son of the celebrated hero of the Lovell Pond Indian battle. His first wife dying in 1794, he married the following year Miss Lydia Gove, of Portsmouth. By his first wife he had 12 children, by his last, 9 — twenty-one in all, and what is still more remarkable, they all except one, which was accidentally scalded, caus- ing death in infancy, lived to marry and settle down in life as the heads of families, furnishing an instance of family fruitful- ness and health that perhaps never had a parallel in the State. Mr. Taplin's prac- tical knowledge of men and the ordinary affairs of life was, from his varied opportu- nities for observation, quite extensive, and his natural intellectual capacities were at least of a highly respectable order. But probably what are called the sentiments or moral affections should be considered as constituting the predominant traits of his character. At all events, kindness to all, an active benevolence and charity to the poor and distressed, were very conspicuous el- ements of his nature, and his house and hands were ever alike open to relieve the wants of those who might solicit his hos- pitalities or more substantial assistance. As is too often the case, the sharp, selfish world failed not to take advantage. The free horse was at length almost ridden to death. At the age of fifty he found himself badly involved in pecuniary embarrass- ments, growing out of his general system of benevolence in a good degree, though main- ly out of his acts of accommodation in be- coming bondsman for others. These so sadly reduced his property as to compel him to part with his valuable old home- stead for one less costly, and which last he was also induced after a time, from grow- ing infirmities, to resign, and reside with one of his sons in the village. The last years of his life were thus clouded, but he was held in the estimation of all as one of the most amiable and best of men and Christians, and as one of the most useful citizens. He died in Montpelier, Nov. 1835, aged 87, his memory being warmly cherished by all who remember his tall, comely person, the mild dignity of his de- portment, and never-varying amenity of manners toward all classes of people. CAPT. JAMES HOBART. James Hobart came to Berlin in 1787, from Newbury, Vt., settling at the mouth of Jones' Brook. He had formerly lived in Plymouth, N. H., where his son (Rev.) 58 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. James was born, said to have been the first male child born in that town. Al- though religiously inclined, careful and particular as the head of a family, he never made a public profession of religion until at about the age of 91 years he joined the 1st Cong, church of Berlin. About 100 years before his birth one of his ancestors. Rev. Peter Hobart, a Congregational min- ister, came to this country from England, and was a minister in Hingham, Mass., a great many years. Capt. Hobart spent about ID years of the last of his life with his son Rev. J., working at the cooper's trade and cutting his own fire-wood. He died in 1834, aged 95 years. ZACHARIAH PERRIN came with his family from Hebron, Ct., in 1789, and settled in the east part of the town, on the farm now occupied by his grand-son, J. Newton Perrin. In March, with two pairs of oxen and sled, bringing wife and two children and a stock of pro- visions, he came by the Connecticut and White rivers to Brookfield, which was then the end of the road. The remainder of the way was by marked trees, and snow 3 to 4 feet deep. He took an active part in the organization and settlement of the town ; was a friend of education, and a consistent member of the Congregational church, for the support of which he gave liberally. He lived to raise up a large family, and accumulate a large property as a farmer, and died May, 1838, aged 88. ELEAZER HUBBARD, a native of Connecticut, age about sixty, came from Glastenbury, Ct., with an ox- team, bringing mill-stones and irons, and purchased the lot of land in which is Ben- jamin's Falls, on Pond brook, at the head of which in 1790 or '91 he erected the first saw and grist-mills in town. The mills were occupied a number of years after his death in 18 19, at the age of 89 years, but nothing now remains of them but the foundation walls and one granite mill- stone. DAVID NYE, son of Melatiah Nye, and "grand-father of the writer of this article, came to Berlin from Glastenbury, Conn., with his wife, (Honor Tryon), and two children, a son and a daughter, in 1790, having served his country several years in the Continental arniy as a musician ; was in the battle on Long Island in 1776. When the town was organized in 1791, he was elected the first town clerk, and in several succeeding years was re-elected to the same office, as well as other important offices. A few years after he came to town, Mr. Nye united with the Congregational church, of which while he lived he was an active and consistent member, and for a number of years and until his death, he was an acting deacon. For several years he divided his time between cultivating his farm, and buying and driving beef cattle to the Boston market. When the temperance leforma- tion spread over the land previous to 1830, he was one of the first in this town to adopt and stand upon the platform of total abstinence. He died in Sept. 1832, at 72 years of age. ELIJAH NYE, brother of David Nye, removed to Berlin at the same time, and settled in the south- east part of the town. He removed to Montpelier.in 1825, where he died in 1852, at the age of 84 years. SOLOMON NYE, a native of Glastenbury, Ct., brother of David and Elijah, at the age of 18 enlisted in the Continental army, and served as a teamster. He came to Berlin about 1808 ; was a farmer ; died in 1857, aged 93 years. JOSHUA BAILEY, a native of Newbury, Mass., came from Newbury, Vt., in 1790, and settled on the farm afterwards the home of his son. Cyrus Bailey. He died in 1804, aged 53. CAPT. JAMES SAWYER, born in Haverhill, Mass., in 1738, was Captain of a company of minute men, 1776. At the breaking out of the Revolu- tion he owned a good farm, which he sold, was paid in continental currency, and was consequently left almost penniless. After living in various places, he came to BERLIN. 59 Berlin with his son in 1790, and died in 1 80 1, aged 63 years. James, son of Captain James, came to Berlin with his father in 1790, and settled on Dog River, where he was successful as a farmer and lived until his death, in 1859, at the age of 93 . JABEZ ELLIS came from Gilead, Ct., in the spring of 1789, and located in the east part of the town. He returned for a wife the Decem- ber following ; married Hannah Mack, of Hebron, Ct., whom he brought on with a stock of provisions upon an ox-sled, com- ing up the west side of the mountains to Essex, and up the Winooski to Montpel- ier. He also brought on some tea for sale to the settlers. By industry and perse- verance he accumulated a handsome prop- erty, and gave liberally for the support of the institutions of religion. He represented the town in the Legislature of Vermont in 1815 and '17, and died in 1852, aged 88. WILLIAM FLAGG came from Holden, Mass., in 1789, and settled on a farm on the west side of the pond. He died in 1838, at 84 years of age. Mr. Flagg enlisted as a soldier at the breaking out of the war of the Revolu- tion, was in the Battle of Bunker Hill and of Monmouth. JACOB BLACK, a native of Holden, Mass., came about the same time as Flagg, and settled on a lot adjoining him. Mr. Black and Mr. Flagg appear to have been born the same year and lived to about the same age. Th^y probably enlisted at about the .same time in the service of the country, and were in nearly the s^me battles, beginning with that of Bunker Hill. They were both in the battle at Monmouth Court House under Washington, 3 years later. Mr. Black, in addition to clearing and cultivating his farm, worked for his neighbors as occasion required as a carpenter and joiner. About 1 8 18, Mr. Black removed to Marshfield, where he died in 1838, age 84. Silas Black, son of Jacob, born in Holden, was 12 years old when his father came to Berlin. When of age he settled on a farm adjoining his father. Tending saw-mill when a young man, seated on a log to keep it in place, while the saw was cutting through it, the wind blowing his frock before the saw, the saw descending took in both frock and leg, inflicting a deep gash below the knee, and a second stroke above the ankle-joint, jerked out nearly all the sinews in this part of the leg, severed by the first cut of the saw. Again Mr. Black was assisting in taking down a barn- frame, a heavy timber fell upon one of his legs near his body, crushing it to a mass of jelly, and breaking the bone badly, after which he always limped in his walk. He died in 1867, aged 90. CAPT. DANIEL TAYLOR came to Berlin in March, 1793; married Miss Ruhamah Ellis, sister of Jabez Ellis. He was a soldier of the Revolution, and for a time a prisoner in the hands of the British. For some time after he com- menced on his farm, at the center of the town, he kept a tavern, and small stock of goods and groceries for sale. He was a man of energy and decision. When the call came for men to go to Plattsburg to beat back the British army, then advanc- ing up the Lake, Mr. Taylor mounted his horse at dusk, and taking his trusty fire- lock in his hand, rode to Burlington dur- ing the night, and in the morning crossed over the Lake to Plattsburg, and was with the detachment sent up the river to pre- vent the enemy from crossing. He died in 1 83 1, aged 74. CAPT. JAMES PERLEY, born in Methuen, Mass., in 1760, at the age of 16 years enlisted as a soldier in the war of the Revolution under Gen. Knox, and served 3 years. The next 8 years of his life he spent upon the ocean as cap- tain's mate, visiting different places in both hemispheres. He came here in 1791, and settled on a farm near the center of the town, which he occupied the remainder of his life. Capt. Perley and his son, Sam- uel Perley, were both at the Battle of Plattsburg, N. Y., Sept. 11, 18 14. He died in Berlin, in 1850, aged 90 years. 6o VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. STEPHEN PEARSON, born in Rowley, Mass., in 1756, when sev- enteen, enlisted for the war. At the Battle of Bunker Hill, the inspecting officer or- dered him to give up his gun to a larger man, he being of smaller stature, but Pear- son, stepping back, presented the muzzle, saying, " You must take it this way if at all, I am going into the fight."" He did go, and came out without a scratch. He came to Berlin in 1793 ; was a respectable farmer ; died in 1842, aged 82. JOEL WARREN, born in Northboro, Mass., Nov. 1772, came in 1796, and purchased a lot of land a little west of the center of the town ; worked one year, and put up a log-house, into which he moved the next year with his wife ; was a prosperous farmer, raised a moderately large family of children, and accumulated a handsome fortune ; repre- sented the town in the Legislature in 18 19 ; died in April, 1849, aged •]•] years. ABEL KNAPP, ESQ., and wife were among the early settlers ; resided nearly two generations upon the farm at the cross-roads at the centre. He was town clerk except one year of Dr. Gershom Heaton's service, from 1795 to 1845 — 49 years, and was justice of the peace 50 years ; judge of probate of his county 1813, '14 ; member of the constitu- tional convention of 1836; town treasurer several years ; town representative 14 years, 1809 — 1823. He was also a sur- veyor ; kept his survey notes, and helped settle many a dispute about surveys. He was a native of Rehoboth, Mass. ; mar- ried Miriam Hawks of Charlemont, Mass. ; children 5 sons, 4 daughters. His monu- ment bears this memorial of a good man : " His record is on high." — From C. L. Knapp, Lowell, Mass. MAJOR SAMUEL JONES settled at the mouth ot Jones brook, which took his name, upon a farm James Hobart had lived on 10 years. He was an ener- getic man, accumulated a good property and raised a large family. He died in 1859, age 86. MAJOR JOSIAH BENJAMIN, son of William Benjamin, was born in Ashburnham, Mass., June, 1769; married Lucy Banning of Conn., Oct. 10, 1791 ; came to Berlin in 1793. After occupying and clearing up several farms in 1800, he finally settled on the farm on Stevens Branch, now occupied by his son Josiah Benjamin, where he died June, 1836, aged 67. His title was earned in the State militia at a time when it meant something. ELISHA ANDREWS, Second son of Elisha, Jr., of Eastbury, Conn., moved to Sandgate, Vt., about 1783, or '85. He built a hut of poles with but a hand-sled to get the materials togeth- er with ; roofed his little residence with boughs ; when it rained he and his wife covered the children with blankets ; but after a short time he removed to Manches- ter into better quarters, and from there to Berlin, about 1796. He was among the first settlers here, and located in the woods near the west end of the pond. He put up a log-house into which he used to draw with a horse logs for the back-log of his fire, 8 feet in length. He cleared the land, cultivated the soil, reared a large family, and died June 19. 1826, aged 67. SAFFORD CUMMINGS came here when 7 years of age, from Ward, (now Auburn,) Mass. ; remained till he was 12; walked back to his native town ; stayed a number of years and re- turned to Berlin on foot. About this time, he married Mary Stickney. He died in 1867, age 87 years. COL. JAMES JOHNSON, a native of Mass., came here in 1794, and settled on Dog river. He lived on his farm till his death ; accumulated a hand- some property and never had a lawsuit. He served one year as captain in the war of 1812; the time being mostly spent upon our northern frontier. The title of Colonel was honorably earned in the ser- vice of the State. Died in 1861, age, 88. Abraham Townsend, a native of VVest- boro, Mass. A soldier in the revolutionary army ; was in the battle of Bunker Hill ; BERLIN. 6i came here about 1800, was a farmer; died in 1825, aged 84. Abel Sawyer came here from Hartland in 1788. Entered the service of his coun- try at the age of 16, as a blacksmith ; died in 1836, aged 76. THE DEWEYS. Simeon, William, Israel and Henry, brothers (all of them having the prefix of uncle, by the early settlers and their de- scendants generally, the two first however, being sometimes called Capt. Sim and Capt. Bill, and the third Leftenatit Dewey in consequence of honors in the Vermont militia) were among the early settlers. They were descendants from Thomas Dewey who was an early settler from Mas- sachusetts Colony and " came to Windsor, Ct., from Mass. in 1639 with Mr. Huit." Simeon Dewey was born in Colchester, Ct., Aug. 20, 1770, married Prudence Yemans, Feb. 27, 1794, (born in Tolland, Ct., Mar. 29, 1772, died in Berlin, Apr. i, 1844,) and settled the same year on Dog river. He removed to Montpelier in 1825, where he was deputy jailer 8 years, return- ing to his farm in Berlin in 1833, where he remained until the death of his wife. He died in Montpelier, January 11, 1863, aged 92. William Dewey, born in Hanover, N. H., Jan. 26, 1772. He settled in Berlin in 179s, on the farm below his brother Simeon's ; married Abigail Flagg, 22 Apr. 1804, (born July 19, 1783, died July 28, 1826). He died Sept. 7, 1840; he was a successful farmer and useful citizen. Israel Dewey, born in Hanover, N. H., Jan. 26, 1777, settled in 1801, on the up- per farm on Dog river, and removed from thence to the east part of the town about 1805, and from thence to Lunenburgh, Vt., in 1851, where he died July 21, 1862, aged 85 years. He was a member of the Legis- lature of Vt. 1820, '21 and '26; postmas- ter in Berlin from 1825 to 1850, and em- ployed perhaps more than any other man, with one exception (Hon. Abel Knapp) in town offices, as a magistrate, and in the settlement of estates. He was always ready to give his time and pecuniary aid, beyond his real abilities, for the improve- ment of our common schools ; the welfare of the Congregational church with which he united in 18 19, and other measures for the good of the community. After his removal to the east part of the town, he kept a tavern several years, and from that business and the custom of the times, ac- quired the practice of the daily use of ardent spirits, which was growing to be an excessive one, when in 1830, he relin- quished it Entirely and was ever after a consistent and ardent supporter of the temperance reform. He was married first to Betsey Baldwin, Mar. 1801, born Dec. 2, 1776, died Oct. 27, 1807 ; second to Nancy Hovey, i Mar. 1809; born in Han- over, N. H., Dec. 24, 1786 ; died in Lunen- burgh, Aug. 7, 1859. DEA. FENNO COMINGS, (son of Col. Benjamin and Mary Cooper Comings,) was born in Cornish, N. H., Mar. 21, 1787; married Rebecca Smart, Nov. 22, 1810, (daughter of Caleb and Catharine Black Smart ; born in Croydon, N. H., July 26, 1788). He settled here in 18 1 5, as a tanner and currier, which business he carried on until his death. He was a man doing what he found to do with his might ; a member and officer of the Congregational church — a lover of order and peace. He died, Jan. 24, 1830, his death leaving a void not often felt, and being regarded as an irreparable loss to the church and community. His widow mar- ried Rev. Jonathan Kinney, in Jan. 1833, who died, May 7, 1838. She died in Ber- lin, Oct. 10, 1865. RUSSELL STRONG, born in Bolton, Ct., Aug. 29, 1785 ; mar- ried Miss Susanna Webster, a native of the same place, (born Oct. 10, 1787, died Apr. 5, 1872, aged 85 years) ; came here Feb., 1814, and purchased 40 acres on the upper part of Dog river for $200 dollars, and a few years afterwards 20 acres more on which he resided until his death, 25, Feb. 1864, in his 79th year. NATHANIEL BOSWORTH, born in Rhode Island in 1753, when about 21, enlisted and served in the Revolution- 62 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ary war 4 or 5 years. At one time he was a prisoner in the hands of the British, and confined in a prison ship on the Delaware river, and escaj^ed as follows : One night he contrived to get down into the water by the side of the ship unobserved, and at- taching one end of a string to his knap- sack, took the other in his mouth and swam off; the knapsack floating behind served to keep back the waves which would other- wise have broken over his head, and as he became exhausted might ha\^ overcome him. By swimming, near as he could judge, about 3 miles, he landed and es- caped. In 1780, when Royalton was burned, Mr. Bosworth was stationed at Corinth, Vt. After a short residence in Lebanon, N. H.. and Chelsea, Vt., he came to Berlin in 1806, and settled at Berlin Corner. He was a blacksmith, which bus- iness he followed here. He died in 1844, age, 91 years. Dea. Jonathan Bosworth, son of Na- thaniel Bosworth, born in Lebanon, N. H., in 1787, followed the business of his father, and came with him to Berlin. After work- ing a few years at custom work, he com- menced the manufacture of edged-tools, particularly scythes and axes, having a good water-power, with trip hammers and other machinery. But this branch of the business not proving successful, in about 1830 he added .such other machinery as was deemed necessary, and commenced the manufacture of cast steel and steel-plated hoes. Each of his four sons worked in the shop, and in turn became partners in the business, and carried it on to success. Since 1870, the business has been discon- tinued. Mr. Bosworth was many years a member of the Congregational church and one of its deacons until within a few years of his death and its attending feebleness, active duties were left to younger hands. Died April, 1878, aged 91 years. ASA ANDREWS, third son of Elijah Andrews, and who oc- cupied the same farm as his father, died Sept. 14, 1876, aged 91. Eor about 20 years he kept 40 cows or more, and mark- eted his butter and cheese in Newbury- port, Mass., where he went with his own team five or six times a year, until a few of the last years of his labor, he sent his produce by rail. He represented the town in the Legislature in 1847, '48. JOSEPH ARBUCKLE was born near Glasgow, Scotland, and came to America with Gen. Burgoyne's army as a soldier, and was with the army when it surrendered to Gen. Gates in 1777 ; after which he came to Berlin, and settled on a farm on the banks of the Winooski river, below the mouth of Dog river. He died about 1841, aged 84 years. PORTER PERRIN, second son of Zachariah Perrin, was the first male child born in town, Feb. i, 1790. He married Miss Lucy Kinney, daughter of Rev. Jonathan Kinney, of Plainfield, Vt., (born in Plainfield, Oct. 7, 1796). Mr. Perrin probably accumulated more property in farming than any other man before his time, in that business exclusively, in town, a greater part of which he gave to charitable and religious purposes, and to his large family of children during his life- time, and the balance, which was ample for the purpose intended, to his widow during her lifetime. All his dealings with his fellow-men were characterized by a strict regard for justice. He was a worthy member of the Congregational church for many years before his death. May, 1871, aged 81 years. REV. WM. PERRIN, third son of Zachariah Perrin, born in Berlin, in 1793; graduated at Middlebury College in 1813 ; married Fanny, daughter of Capt. Daniel Thompson, in 1815; preached in New York State i year, and near Charleston, S. C, 2 or three years; health failing, came North; died in 1824, at the age of 31, a victim to the immod- erate use of ardent spirits. His attend- ing physician prescribed brandy for a med- icine, the use of which created an ap- petite which was soon beyond his control. Mr. Perrin was an eloquent speaker and poet". [The following is the best specimen of his verse we have been able to find from his pen — Ed.] : BERLIN. ^3 FAREWELL. Say, dparest friend, relute me why The tear-drop startles from thine eyeV Does tlie farewell whlcli l)ids us part Tims lill with sobs tlilne aeliiiiK heart? '^tlult .1 siKiial to thy woe? Does that constrain tliy tears to flow? I'hen cease, my friend, forbear to weep; Hush every wakinjf woe to sleep;— Hush every sish, and quick I'll tell The better meaninjc of " farewell. " iTis not a wisli that you should be Consigned to want and misery; Or that forloridy you sh»ulii moan Like cooing dove in desert lone; 'Tis wisli that plenty may afford Her dainties for your daily board; That calm content and peace retined May be companions of your mind; In line, that well may be your fare Till I again your pleasures sliare. Wm. Perkin. REV. TRUMAN PERRIN, fourth son of Zachariah Perrin, born in Berlin, Apr. 28, 1796; graduated at Dart- mouth College in 1817; preached in va- riou.s places inVt.,N. H., andN. Y. ; went to Vincennes, Ind., where he taught in an academy and preached one year or more ; then taught and preached a number of years in Alabama and Georgia; in 183 1, married Miss Pronecey B. Tyndall, of Tuscaloosa, Ala. ; had one son and two daughters. After having been engaged in business as a merchant a few years, and accumulated considerable property, he was suddenly deprived of most of it by the failure of several Southern banks. Mr. Perrin then, in 1850, came North, and spent the remainder of his days in preach- ing in various places, and in the employ of the American Tract Society. He died in Wa.shington, Mass., Nov. 19, 1869, aged 73 years. GEO. K. PERRIN, third son of Porter Perrin, born in Berlin, May 23, 1827, graduated at Brown Uni- versity, R. I., and at the Albany Law School, N. Y., and is now (1881) a prom- inent lawyer in Indianapolis, Ind., prac- ticing in the state and United States courts. HENRY M. PEHRIN, fourth son of Porter Perrin, born in Bei-lin, June 23, 1829, was educated at Dart- mouth and at the Albany Law School, and is a lawyer in St. Johns, Mich., and has been in his adopted state, judge of pro- bate and state senator. PORTER K. PERRIN, fifth son of Pointer Perrin, born in Berlin. Sept. 13, 1833, graduated at the Law School in Albany, N. Y., and is a partner with his brother H. M. in St. Johns, Mich. He is judge of probate ; served 2 years or more in the war of the secession, and was proinoted to the office of major. WM. B. PERRIN, seventh son of Porter Pen-in, born in Berlin, Jan. 19, 1839. After he entered Dartmouth College he served 3 months in Gov. Sprague's Cavalry ; went out from Harper's Ferry with his company in the night before that place was surrendered to the rebels ; afterwards served about two years in the 3d Vt. Light Battery, until the close of the war ; when mustered out was 1st lieutenant; graduated at Dart- mouth College and the Law School at Albany, N. Y. ; after a short residence in Burlington, Iowa, settled in Nashua, Chick- asaw Co. la., and is now (1881) doing a successful law business. CHAUNCEV L. KNAPP, son of Abel Knapp, Esq., was born in Berlin, Feb. 26, 1809; at the age of 14 years commenced an apprenticeship of 7 years in E. P. Walton's printing office in Montpelier ; was reporter for the Legisla- ture in 1833 : for some years a co-proprie- tor and editor of the Voice of Freedo?n and the State Journal at Montpelier ; elected Secretary of State in 1836-7-8 and 9 ; re- moving to Massachusetts was elected Sec- retary of the Massachusetts Senate in 185 1, and representative to the 34th, re-elected to the 35th Congress of the United States ; was a member of the committee on terri- tories, and is now one of the proprietors of the American Citiseti, Lowell, Mass. HON JOSEPH C. KNAPP, son of Ebenezer Knapp, was born in Ber- lin, Vt., 27, June, 1813; now residing in Keosaugua, Iowa, was one of the early settlers of that section of country, havino- left his native town and State when a young man. Has been United States Dis- 64 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. trict attorney, Judge of the Supreme Court and democratic candidate for governor in 1 87 1, and it is said by one who lias oppor- tunities of knowing that, " He stands at the head of the bar in this (Van Buren) county, and is regarded by many as being the leading lawyer of Southern Iowa." CHAUNCEY NVE, son of David Nye, Jr., and grandson of David Nye, one of the first settlers of the town, was born in Berlin, Apr. 4, 1828; graduated at Dartmouth college in 1856; after teaching several years in Ohio and f'eoria, III., settled in Peoria, and is a prominent lawyer (1881). REV. GEO. C. MOORE, JR., son of Dea. George C. Moore, born in Berlin, in 1825 ; graduated at Dartmouth college. Mr. Moore lived a number of years in Cedar Rapids, Iowa ; went to Texas previous to the war of the rebel- lion ; became a Presbyterian minister and preached in Goliad and Victoria, Texas, where he died in Sept., 1867, aged 32 years. MRS. PHEBE HAZZARD, died in Berlin, Oct. 14, 1S78, aged 102 years, 6 months. Born in Mendon, Mass., April, 1777; married Kidder Gallup, 1798, who died 3 years after. In 1802 she came to Craftsbury ; in 181 6 married Thomas Hazzard in Hardwick ; came to Berlin in 1830, where she lived the remainder of her life. She had two children by each hus- band. She and her husbands were col- ored people. CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH IN BERLIN. FROM NOTES BY JAMES HOBART, JR. The 1st Congregational church was or- ganized here Oct. 13, 1798, consisting of Aaron Goff, Simpson Stewart and Wm. Flagg, men about 50 years of age. Prob- ably this was the 2d organization of any denomination in the County ; the Cong, church in Waitsfield was organized 2 years before. At this time there were in town 85 families, and for 8 years previous, sev- eral missionaries had preached on the Sab- bath and lectured, and some money had been raised by subscription and paid for preaching. Before the organization of the church a few professors of religion met at the house of Mr. Flagg, Oct. 11, and agreed to ask Rev. E. Lyman, of Brook- field, to embody the three named as mem- bers. Oct. 13, having met at Mr Stew- art's, Mr. Lyman preached on the occa- sion, and Mr. Goff, Mr. Stewart and Mr. Flagg presented themselves, to whom Mr. Lyman read for their public assent the confession of faith and church covenant drawn up by Mr. Hobart, which they pub- licly acknowledged, and were pronounced by Mr. Lyman a church of Christ regularly embodied in the Congregational order, and the church then proceeded to appoint Mr. Lyman their moderator for this meet- ing, and voted to unite with the people of this town in giving Mr. James Hobart a call to settle over them in the work of the gospel ministry, and that his ordination be on the 7th of Nov. next ; and voted sev- eral particulars for the ordination ; and the 3 members of the church to be a committee to wait on the council. In the course of 12 years 44 members were added to Tlie church. About the year 1800, the town selected a pleasant and sightly spot near the center of the town for a meeting-house, and in 1803 had the building, which was 58 by 48 feet, completed. Elegant and noble in appearance, it stood open for worship, with galleries on three sides, and having a finely made steeple above its belfry, and roof painted. The edifice was dedicated Dec. 29, 1803; the sermon by Mr. Hobart: Ps. Ixxxiv, i. In 1 8 ID and 'ii there was a very inter- esting revival of religion, 37 being added to the church, and in 1811 the church pur- chased a communion set, (they having be- fore this at a communion service used a pitcher and mugs.) The meeting-house was the property of the town, and was used for town-meetings, theatrical per- formances, and a militia drill, when con- venient, which must seem contrary to the sacredness of a house of divine worship. In 1817, 19 were added to the church, and in 1819, 44, in 1827, 13, in 1832, 30, in 1835, 49. In 1868, the membership was 25 males, 54 females ; 24 of the 79 being absent members. In 1838, the meeting- house was burned, before which a new BERLIN. 65 Congregational meeting-house at Berlin "Corner" had been commenced, which was completed and dedicated the next year. In 1829, Rev. Mr. Lamb, from Westfield,Vt., preached here a few months. In 1830, Rev. Mr. Whiting, from Mass., preached one year. In 1832, Rev. B. Baxter supplied one year. In 1833, Rev. A. Stuart, of Pittsfield, preached one year. 1834, Rev. S. Hurlburt was employed about one year. In 1836. Rev. Jonathan Kinney, of Plainfield, supplied one year. In 1837, Rev. Austin Hazen was installed, and continued pastor until his death, in 1855. From 1855 to 1861, Rufus Child was acting pastor. Aug. 1863, Rev. W. R. Joyslin commenced preaching here, and Feb. 2, 1864, was ordained pastor; dismissed in 1866. In 1867, Rev. E. I Carpenter, formerly of Barre, began, and supjalied until Jan. 1870. In July, 1870, Rev. E. Seabury, from Falmouth, com- menced as a supply. REV. JAMES HOBART. BY JAMES IIOBAUT, Jll., OF WOEgESTER. James Hobart was born in Plymouth, N. H., Aug. 2, 1766, and came with his father to Berlin when about 21 ; was con- verted about 2 years after, and commenced preparing for college. He graduated at Dartmouth as A. B. in 1794; studied with Rev. Asa Burton, of Thetford ; in the spring of 1795, was approbated to preach, and commenced in Chelsea, Vt., as a can- didate. The next year he was in Ply- mouth, N. H., and in 1797 and ''98 at Nottingham, N. H., where he had a call to settle. During this time he preached at Berlin about 2 months, and in June, 1798, came again to Berlin, and preached as a candidate for settlement, the people of the town having invited him, and in August the town gave him a call to settle as their minister. He drew up a confes- sion of faith, church covenant, and arti- cles of discipline, and had several confer- ences with a few professors of religion, who proposed to be embodied into a church which was organized this year. [See his- tory of Congregational church] . The Rev. Mr. Burton, of Thetford, preached his or- dination sermon Nov. 7, Rev. Messrs. Edw. Bourroughs, Martin Fuller, Stephen Fuller, E. Lyman and D. H. Williston, with their delegates, taking part in the exercises. He continued pastor of the church till May, 1829, when he was dis- 'missed by a mutual council. The next 12 years he labored as a preacher in New Hampshire, in Plymouth, Wentworth, En- field, Alexandria, Bridgewater and near Portsmouth. The last 20 years of his life he was never home, preaching most of the time somewhere, in Worcester, Berlin and West Berlin, and sometimes assisting in the Sabbath exercises, and in the very last year of his life, his 96th, he was able to preach a pretty well connected discourse, and could walk 6 or 8 miles in a day. He was self-denying, laborious and per- severing, having quite a missionary spirit. While at Berlin his usual practice was to preach a third discourse on the Sabbath in a distant part of the town, or in the border of a .neighboring town. He was below the ordinary height, standing erect, had a great memory, clearness of mind, good eyesight and a strong, distinct voice, speak- ing easy. He was strongly attached to the people of Berlin, and after his dismissal, as he was occasionally at home, preached quite a number of funeral sermons. In the ser- vices on the Sabbath he used written dis- courses ; by the request of his people, the third discourse was extempore, and so was his preaching after his dismissal. It was his choice to preach without notes. In 1804, he was married to Betsey, daughter of Zechariah Perrin, Esq. They had a family of 7 sons and 5 daughters, 7 of whom are still living (1881). Two of the daughters were wives of Congregational ministers. Pamelia P. married Rev. Rufus Child, minister at Gilmantown, N. 'H., and afterwards a few years at Berlin. Julia married Rev. P. F. Barnard, minister a few years in Richmond, Me., and after- wards settled minister in Williamstown, Vt. Hannah, youngest daughter, married Rev. Geo. Craven, a Methodist minister of Danville, Vt. Emeline married Doct. Evans, of Piermont, N. H., and Mary, 66 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Hon. Amary Kinney, of Terre Haute, la., son of Rev. J. Kinney, of Plainfield. One of the two youngest sons, Timothy Dwight, graduated at Dartmouth College, and was about going to Andover, Mass., prepar- atory for preaching, when he died. The youngest of the family, Isaac Watts, at 13 years of age joined the church in Berlin, and at 20 had nearly fitted for college, when he died. REV. AUSTIN HAZEN. BY REV. WILLIAM S. HAZEN, OF NORTIIFIELD. Austin Hazen, son of Asa Hazen, was born in Hartford, June, 1786, about 2 miles from Hanover, N. H. His moth- er's name before marriage was Susanna Tracy. The Hazen family, which was large, was noted for its piety and general intelligence, and as being among the first settlers of the town. Mr. Hazen was grad- uated at Dartmouth College in 1807, and spent the next-year in Binghampton, Pa., teaching ; in 1808, went to Washington, Ct. commenced the study of theology with Dr. E. Peters — date of his license to preach not known ; was preaching in the neigh- borhood of .Washington in Dec. 1809; preached in St. Albans several months. He was first settled over the church in the center of his native town, being ordained and installed in May, 181 2; dismissed in 1828; Jan. 1829, installed pastor in the north part of the town; dismissed in 1837, and soon after removed to Berlin. He was installed here Oct. 1837, and pastor till his death, Dec. 25, 1854. He was a diligent student of the Bible, his preach- ing eminently biblical. He presented the great central truths, the deep things of God, with great simplicity and godly sin- cerity. Though his speech and preach- ing was not with enticing words of man's wisdom , he always knew his people as it is not common for a pastor to know them, and tried to lead them in the "green pas- tures and beside the still waters " of godly living and doing, while they were hardly conscious how much they were indebted to him. During the 7 years of his labors in N. Hartford the admissions to the church were 95, and when he left, the parish was believed to be without a parallel in the State for the large number of professing Christians it contained in proportion to its population. The more public religious enterprises also received from him a most hearty sup- port. He was a delegate to the general convention of Vermont in 1813, and it is said that not more than one minister in the State attended so many meetings of that body during the next 41 years. No one was more thoroughly acquainted with the religious history of the State during that period. For many years previous to his death he was one of the directors of the Domestic Missionary, Bible and Colonization Soci- eties, and in all places to which duty called him, he was always promptly in his place, and ready at all times to perform his own part with intelligence and propriety. But the beauty of his Christian character shone most in his own family and within the circle of his more intimate friends. He rarely spoke to his children on the subject of religion, yet his life taught them un- mistakably their duty, and the excellency of the religion which he was anxious they should experience in their own hearts. His exercises at family worship command- ed attention, and produced impressions, breathing forth the earnest, desire of the heart that his might be a household of faith. Mr. Hazen was twice married. His first wife, Frances Mary, daughter of Hon. Israel P. Dana, of Danville, left two chil- dren. Sophia Dana, who was educated at Ipswich and the Mt. Holyoke Female Sem- inary, where she was many years a teacher, in 185 1, became connected with the Nes- torian Mission of the A. B. C. F. M. as the wife of the lamentied Missionary Stod- dard ; is now the wife of Dea. Wm. H. Stoddard, of Northampton, Mass. Allen, who was graduated at Dart- mouth College in 1842, at Andover The- ological Seminary in. 1845, and has been connected with the Marathi Mission of the A. B. C. F. M. in Western India since 1846. His second marriage was with Lucia, daughter of Rev. Azel Washburn, of Roy- BERLIN. 67 alton. She had 7 children. Austin, who was graduated at theVt. Uv. in 1855, and at Andover Theological Seminary in 1859, is now (1881) pastor of the Congregational church at [ericho Center. Wm. Skinner, who was graduated at theVt. Uv.in 1858; And. Theo. Sem. in 1863; now pastor of the Congregational church in Northfield. Lucia Washburn, who died in 1854, in the 1 6th year of her age. AzEL Washburn, who was graduated at Dartmouth College in 1863, at And. Theo. Sem. 1868 ; now pastor of the first Congre- gational church in Middletown, Ct. Frances Mary, who was graduated at the Mt. Holyoke Fern. Sem. in 1863, and is one of the teachers in that institution. Lucius Randolph, who was graduated at Dartmouth College in 1870, now in business in Middletown, Ct. Susan, who died in infancy, 1873. METHODIST CHURCH. BY MltS. C. F. DKWET. Methodism was first introduced into Berlin about the year 1830. At this time Berlin was included in the Brookfield cir- cuit, then in the N. H. Conference. Elisha Scott being in 1831, preacher in charge of Brookfield, Northfield and Berlin. The early history of the church previous to 1843, is not as full as may be desired, ow- ing to the first records being lost or de- stroyed. The first account we find is in 1843; J. C. Dow being then Presiding - Elder of Montpelier District and John Perrin preacher, and so far as is shown by records, the first minister stationed at Ber- lin : we find also that James Currier, Al- mon Poor, Eleazer Loomis and Jacob Flanders were stewards, and Elisha Covell, Moses Strong, and D. A. P. Nye were class-leaders. The preacher gave an ac- count of the united feeling among the members then numbering 85, and the Sun- day school was well attended and prosper- ous. It was at this time connected with Barre charge and so continued till 1856, having considerable spiritual prosperity. In 1837, the society built a chapel a lit- tle south of the cemetery, and in 1844 it was moved to its present location near the Congregational church, when it was re- paired and enlarged. The society built a parsonage at Berlin Corner in 1847 ; cost $583.51. In West Berlin a class was formed in 1832, Isaac Preston and David Dudley being among the members. This class held their church relation at North- field till the year 1855, when through the labors of H. K. Cobb, (then preaching at Berlin) there were numerous conversions in West Beilin. In Dec. 1856, a church was organized by the election of Amos Chase, W. D Stone, Asbury Sanders and Isaac Preston as stewards. Preaching was supported one-half the time in connection — both places being supplied by J. House for 2 years, A. Hay- ward and J. W. Hale each one year — until 1 861, when It was voted that Berlin and West Berlin be separate stations. From that time until 1868, the church at Berlin Corner was supplied by Elisha Brown, lo- cal preacher, but from various causes, deaths and removals being the principal, its prosperity declined. In 1868, it sup- ported preaching one-half the time ; A. B. Hopkins supplying both churches for that year ; since that time services have been held only occasionally at that place. In 1857, the Methodists of West Berlin united with the Congregationalists and Baptists in building a union church which they occupied a part of each year until 1870, when the Methodists concluded to build a church for their own use. The subject was first agitated in April, 1870, and about $700 raised ; first work, grading and laying corner-stone, done May 5th ; May 7th, first stick of timber cut; house completed July 14th ; dedicated July 15th, free from debt, without help of Confer- ence ; dedication sermon by Rev. S. Hol- man from Montpelier. From this time one Sabbath service, Sunday school, class and prayer-meetings have been regularly sustained and steady spiritual interest man- ifested. Sabbath school numbered 74 in 1878; average attendance 37; books in library 250. 68 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. BERLIN ROLL OF HONOR FOR 1814. Natnes of men thai wait to Plattsburgh. Jacob Flanders, Zelotus Scott, Samuel Hubbard, Stephen Wright. Mr. Tiliston, Ensign, Jeremiah Culver, Jeremiah Good- hue, Josiah Benjamin, Ebenezer Bailey. Samuel Currier, Abraham Townsend Cyrus Johnson, Captain, Roger Buckley, Ord. Sergt., James Perley. Capt. Taylor, Eliada Brown, James Smith, Richard Smith. Alanson Wright. John Stewart, ist Lieut., E. M. Dole, Samuel Perley, Moses H. Sawyer, Asa Dodge. BERLIN VOLUNTEERS IN THK WAR OF 1861 . Samuel P. Atwood, Charles Bailey, Joel O. Bailey, William R. Bean, Peter Bres- sette, Chester Brown, Eliphalet E. Bryant. Charles N. Cilley, James M. D. Cilley, Benjamin F. Clark. Smith Clark. John B. Crandall, Richard B. Crandall, Jessie D. Cummings, John P. Davenport, Lorenzo Dow, William H. Dow, Wm. S. George, Charles B. Green, Lucius D. Hadlock, Charles Hanan, Ira'L. Hanan, Charles C. Hartwell, Stillman A. Hatch, George S. Hayden, Obadiah W. Hill, John F. Huse, Henry F. Johnson, Nathan C. Kibbey, Josiah Lathrop. George Lawrence, Leon- ard Lawrence, William LeRock, Cornelius Nye, John F. Phelps. James F. Randall. Alfred M. Reed, Andrew J. Reed, Carlos H. Rich. Harlon P. Sargent, Carlisle Saun- ders, Joseph Slattery, Charles Smith, Franklin I. Southwick, Stephen G. Stew- art, Daniel H. Stickney, Horace M. Stick- ney, W^m. O. Stickney, Edward P. Stone, Joshua Wade. John Burke. Jesse Cayhue, Albert Darling, Andrew J. Davis, Francis Emerson. Bartholomew Fenton, Frederick Gale, Calvin W. Greenleaf, John C. Hack- ett, Paschal Hatch, Simeon Hatch, Wil- bur E. Henry, William O. Horton, Edso W. Howden, Charles Jandreau. Jeremiah Kelley, Franklin Labarron. John McCarty, Chas. McGlatlin, Francis Minor, Chas. D. Naylor, Chas. W. Nichols, Wm. B. Perrin, George Shattuck, David K. Stone. John W. Taylor, Henry C. Varnum, Alfred Whitney, Lucius J. Goodwin. Aaron Row- ell, William Yatta, Samuel W. Andnis, Alson H. Braley, Don B. Cilley, Peter Gravelin, Elijah N. Hadlock, Hubbard E. Hadlock. Timothy Hanbrooks, Wm. H. Hunt. Edwin Jone^, A. M. Reed, Frank Wheelock, George S. Lawrence, Barney McCarron. John W. Parmenter, Henry E. Preston, Hiram W. Scribner. George L. Wade, Lewis Bumblebee. Lorenzo Dow, Guy M. Reed, Charles B. Graen. Wm. A. Phillips. Carlos H. Rich, Eli M. Robbins, Charles Smith, Jabez Alexander. John H. Bartlett, Jedediah Carpenter, Stephen R. Colby, Elbridge G. Fisk, David Rollins. VOLUNTEERS FOR NINE MONTHS. Henry R. Austin, George C. Bailey, Merrill J. Bailey, Jerome E. Ballou. Hora- tio G. Beebe, S. Webster Benjamin, Wm. Blair, Winslow L. Blanchard, Don B. Cilley, Clark D. Cressey, John K. Cross, Samuel Crozier, Abraham Lezer, Oliver Luciere, David A. Marble, Henry A. Miles, George S. Robinson, Gardner P. Rowell, Reuben Rowley, George Shattuck, David C. Silloway. Joseph B. Silloway, Rollin D. Stewart, Willis P. Stewart, Arthur W. Taylor, Alfred B. Thompson, William W. Willey. Drafted and served his time. Nelson W. Chase. The remains of the 5 soldiers mentioned below repose in the Cemetery at Berlin Corner : Major Richard B. Crandall, of Berlin, was killed in action at Cold Har- bor, Va., June 7, 1864. Richard Bailey Crandall, born in Berlin, a student in Dartmouth College one year, when he en- listed in the 6th Regiment, and went out under Col. Lord as Adjutant, was Captain of Co. K. some time. Re-enlisted and was promoted to iMajor. His age was 26 years 7 months. Daniel K. Sticknev, a private in Co. D. 2d Reg'mt, was a prisoner in Libby prison over 6 months ; from effect of treat- ment received while there, died April 7, 1863, age 18 y'rs, 6 mos. George Martin, son of Ira Andrews, a vcJlunteer, private in Co. E. 17th Reg'mt was wounded in the arm which was ampu- tated, but did not heal and caused death in Sloan Hospital, July, 1S64, age ig years 5 months. BERLIN. 69 Jesse D. Cummings and Cornelius Nye, killed in action, were buried on the field. John P. Davenport enlisted early in the war of the Rebellion, and becoming enfeebled from hardship and exposure, was discharged, came home, and died April, 1863, age 23. Tell my IVieiids tlie story Wlien I sleep beneath the sod. That I died to save my country. All from love for It and God. HON. D. P. THOMPSON. BY D. F. WIIEATON, OF BAHUK. Daniel Pierce Thompson, son of Daniel and Rebeckah Thompson, was born in Charlestown, Mass., Oct. i, 1795, and em- igrated with his father to Berlin in 1800; and here he passed his boyhood days, on his father's farm, following the routine of a farmer boy's life. But his desire was for books, the fishing-rod and his gun, and he left the farm in early manhood, without means, but determined to possess an ed- ucation, and by his own efforts succeeded. He pursued his studies in Randolph and Danville, this State, and entered Middle- bury College in 18 16; graduated in 1820; went to Virginia, and engaged in teaching several years ; studied law while there ; was admitted to the bar of that State, and returning to Vermont, commenced to practice at Montpelier, where he resided till his death. He married Miss Eunice Robinson of Troy, Vt., had 5 children, three of whom and his widow are still liv- ing. He engaged in his profession but a short time, being soon chosen the Register of Probate for Washington County, which office, together with that of Clerk of the House of Representatives, he held for sev- eral years, and then was appointed Clerk of the County and Supreme Courts, and soon after was chosen Judge of Probate. He was elected Secretary of State, and held the office until 1855. He was editor of "The Green Mountain Freeman" from 1849 to 1856, and eminently successful in making an interesting and entertaining newspaper. In politics, originally a Democrat, he early ]:)ecame identified with the old Lib- erty party, and after that party was dis- banded, became a supporter of the Re- publican party. It was not as a public officer, however, but as a writer, that his name will be most widely known and cher- ished. He was the only popular novelist Vermont has ever produced. During his whole life he devoted much time to the in- cidents of the early history of the State. He loved to embody in his writings such reminiscences as he was able to gather from the records and the recollections of old men. A lover of stories and tradi- tions, it was his habit to convene with the old people, and listen to the quaint narra- tives they loved to tell. A devotee of the piscatorial art, he would take jaunts about the county with his fishing-rod, and was familiar with every trout brook and pond for miles around, and almost rivalled Izaak Walton of old in his passion for fishing, and in the success that attended his hook, in the long string of trout he bore home in triumph. Often stopping at some wayside farm- house, he would spend hours- with some of the old settlers, garulous of the early scenes and times in the history of our State. The fame of many of the founders of the State is greatly indebted to his pen and the industry and enthusiasm with which he collected and placed before the people incidents that otherwise would have been forgotten long ago. Besides news- paper and magazine articles, his first work was "May Martin, or The Money Dig- gers"; published in book form in 1835. It was written in successful competition for a prize offered by one of the Boston journals. In 1840, "The Green Moun- tain Boys" appeared — a historical tale, containing some of the chief incidents of the history of the State, and introducing the leading characters of that period. Then followed "Locke Amsden, or the School-master," written with a view to the reformation of the school system of that time ; " The Rangers, or the Tory's Daugh- ter," published in 185 1, illustrative of the early history of the State, and gives an interesting account of the Battle of Ben- nington, and incidents connected with the 70 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. northern campaign of 1777. In 1852, he issued " Tales of the Green IV^ountains " ; in 1857, " Gaut Gurley, or the Trappers of the Umbago " ; in i860, "The Doomed Chief, or Two Hundred Years Ago " ; which contains an interesting account of the brave, but unfortunate. King Philip, of Mount Hope ; " Centeola " and a History of Montpelier close the list of his books. Most of his works have passed through numerous editions ; May Martin and the Green Mountain Boys as many as fifty, and have been re-published in England, and some of his scenes have been dram- atized. His prolific pen also joroduced many other less pretentious stories and ar- ticles deservedly popular. His novels, rich in historical facts, are \yritten in a graphic, natural language and entertain- ing style, and he has done much to fa- miliarize our State history. The last few years of his life he suffered ill health from partial strokes of paralysis, which were but precursors of the final at- tack, which proved fatal June 6, 1868. By his death a pen rich in historic incidents and scenes was laid aside forever ; but his name will long be associated with the his- tory of our State through his works. He was frank and pleasant in his deal- ings with his fellow-men ; lenient almost to a fault, unpretending in dress, and genial as a friend and companion. THE GREAT WOLF HUNT ON IRISH HILL. BEULIN IN EAHLY TIMES. The way the settlers met and overcame the wild animals is well described in the following story by the late Hon. D. P. Thompson, and printed in the Montpelier ylrgus and Pat7-iot in 1867, of " The Great Wolf Hunt on Irish Hill in Early Time." One Saturday night, about dark, in the month of February, 1803, a smart resolute boy, who was then eleven years old, w'ho is still alive and one of the most honored citizens of Montpelier, Hon. Daniel Bald- win, and who had been boarding out to attend the district school on the lower part of Dog river, started on foot and alone to go to the house of Israel Dewey, his broth- er-in-law, three or four miles up the river, over a road leading mainly tlirougb a dense forest, to his destination near the borders of Northfield. Not anticipating the' least difficulty in accomplishing his undertaking, he pushed confidently forward till he reached the log-cabin of old Mr. Seth Johnson, which was the last house on his way before entering the long woods sepa- rating the lower settlements from those in the vicinity of Northfield Falls whither he was bound. As he came up Mr. Johnson, who was in the yard, on learning his des- tination, ominously shook his head, and said, "Daniel, you must not try to go through the long woods to your sister's to- night, for the varmints will catch you." But the boy not frightened by the warning, was for going on, when Mrs. Johnson came out and interposed by " Now, Seth John- son, if that boy will go, you must go with him, or the varmints will certainly have him ; have been prowling in the woods every night for a week." Well, I would go if I could not do better by him, but I can contrive to furnish him with a better safe- guard than my company will afford," re- turned the husband. " Daniel, you hold on a minute and I will show you." So, saying, he ran into the house and brought the firebrand of a stout sapling club, with one end well on fire, and putting it into the boy's hand, said to him, " There, take that and begin now to swing it enough to keep it alive, and if the savage brutes be- set you on your way swing it round you like fury and run the gauntlet, and I'll warrant they won't dare to touch you." The boy who had been a little staggered by what he had heard, now, however, as he was armed with the efficacious fire- brand, as he was told it would prove, again went fearlessly forward. But the events of the next half hour were destined to change his feelings of confidence into those of lively apprehension, for he had not gone more than half-a-mile after entering the woods, before his ears were greeted by a long shrill howl rising from the forest a short distance to his left, bringing the un- welcome conviction to his 'startled mind of the near vicinity of one at least of the wild beasts against which he had been warned, the terrible wolf. And to add to his dis- may, the howl he had heard was almost instantly answered by a dozen responsive howls from various points more or less distant, on the wooded sides of Irish Hill, which rose immediately from Dog river on the east ; while these ominous sounds, growing louder and more distinct every moment, very plainly indicated a very large troop of these savage brutes were rapidly closing in on his path with a pur- pose of which he trembled to think. Be- lieving it would be as dangerous for him to retreat as advance, he cjuickened his BERLIN. 71 walk into a run, and commenced swinging his firebrand as he went, hoping thus to get through the woods before the gang would beset his path. But he soon found that neither his speed nor his firebrand were sufficient to ensure him against the threatened danger. He had not gone an- other half-mile before a fierce and hungry yinvl, issuing from a dark flitting figure in the road a few steps in advance brought him to a stand. He recoiled from the frightful cry and began to retreat, but his steps were quickly arrested by another fierce jK^;7i//, apprising him that the enemy were in possession of the road behind as well as before him, while out there on his left, out here on his right and everywhere around, rose in full chorus the same shrill, eager, hungry yowl; yowl; yowl for his blood. Having become perfectly desperate under these apiJRlling surroundings, which plainly told him that a struggle for his life was now at hand, he made a wild rush forward, swinging his firebrand around him with all his might, and uttering a fierce yell at every bound both to keep up his own courage and frighten away the wolves which were keeping pace with him, gallop- ing along on each side of his path, or leap- ing into the road behind and before him, besetting him so closely and with such boldness and determination, that it often required an actual contact of the firebrand with their noses to make them yield the way for his advance. And thus for the next half mile he ran the fearful gauntlet through this terrible troop of infuriated brutes till almost dead with fright and exhaustion, he at length reached the home of Israel Dewey his brother-in-law, with joy and gratitude for his preservation from a terrible death which no words could describe. This event, whifh of itself was suf- ficiently romantic and thrilling to deserve a place among the striking incidents of the early settlements, was the more note- worthy on account of the memorable affair to which it directly and almost immediately led, the great wolf hunt on Irish Hill ia the winter of 1803. Up to that time it was not known with any certainty that there were wolves in this section of the country. Several set- tlers in the vicinity of the extensive moun- tain forest called Irish Hill, had lost sheep ; whether they were killed by bears, cata- mounts, or wolves was a matter of conjec- ture ; but the boy's perilous adventure which spread rapidly among the nearest settlements and was implicitly believed at once, established the fact in the minds of all that there was really a gang of wolves in the vicinity, and Irish Hill was probably their chief rendezvous. The settlers one and all eagerly expressed their wish to join in a hunt for the extermina- tion of the destructive animals. A rally was made on the following Tues- day, but not extensive enough to form a ring around any large portion of the for- est where the wolves were supposed to be lurking. Having assembled at Berlin meeting house, they, however, marched into the woods and shot two wolves, when they postponed further operations till the following Saturday, when a grand hunt was proposed in which all the settlers from the adjoining towns within 20 miles were to be invited to partictpate, what they had done being considered merely a reconnoisance. Early Saturday morning, the well-armed settlers, having ambitiously responded to the call, gathered at the house of Abel Kpapp, Esq., the town clerk, living very near what was then termed Berlin Center meeting-house. The assembled forces numbering 400 or 500 then formed themselves into two equal divisions, and chose leaders or captains for each, with a general officer to remain at the starting point and give out the order or signal cries to be passed round the ring proposed to be formed. The two captains then led off" their respective divis- ins, one to the south, along the borders of the woods, and the other to the west for a short distance and then south, each leav- ing a man every 50 or 60 rods, to keep his station till ordered to march inward, when the ring was completed. After waiting two hours or more to give time for the divisions to station their men so as to form an extended ring round the forest proposed to be enclosed, the word was given out by the general officer, " Prepare to march.'''' This was uttered in a loud cry at the start- ing point, and repeated by the next man left stationed to the south, and soon, if the ring had been perfected by every man, round the ring. As had been expected, the sound of this watchword gradually grew fainter and fainter in the distance, and then ceased to be heard at all. Then followed a moment of anxious waiting with those at the starting point, for if the watchword was not soon approaching from the west it would show the ring not per- fected, and all success in enclosing the reputed wolves a hopeless affair. But they had not long to wait. In a short time a faint sound was heard on the west side of the ring which grew louder and louder till it reached the starting point in full tone. All was now animation and expectancy on this part of the ring, and almost instantly the next watchword '' tnarch " rang through the forest, and eaeh man, as he repeated n VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. it, advanced rapidly into the interior of the ring a quarter of a mile as near as he could judge, and then commanded the "halt" as agreed at the outset. This word was promptly sent onward and re- turned like the others, when another com- mand to march was uttered, and all again advanced towards the supposed center ot the ring. And thus rapidly succeeded the watchwords march and halt, till the ring was so nearly closed that it was seen and announced that there were enclosed several wolves, in the same, which ran gal- loping round the centre, as if looking for a chance to escape through the ring, now become a continuous line of men. But the frightened animals could find no out- lets, and were shot down with every at- tempt to escape. Two wolves and a fox or two were killed in this way, but by this time bullets flew so thickly across the ring that it was seen that some change of plan must be made, else as many men as wolves might be killed. By common consent at this crisis the late Thomas Davis, a well- known marksman and a man of steady nerve was requested to go inside thering and shoot the wolves. This he did, and ac- complished all that was expected of him. He shot Ave wolves and endangered no man. The whole number of the victims of the hunt were then found to be seven wolves and ten foxes. The company then took otf the scalps of the wolves and took up their line of march for the house of the town clerk, where bounties for the slain wolves were to be allowed and of the avails some disposition made. It was announced that money to the value adequate had been advanced sufficient to pay for a supper for the whole company. These arrangements were soon effected and while the supper was being cooked a keg of rum was opened and distributed, which being taken in their exhausted condition, on empty stomachs, thus upset a large number who were never so upset before that it was said that Esquire Knapp's haymow that night lodged a larger number of disabled men than were ever before or since collected in Washington County. Thus was ended the great Wolf Hunt on Irish Hill in 1803, which was the means of routing every wolf from this region ot Vermont, and from that time to the pres- ent day at least none have been known-" D. p. T. MONTPFXIER, July 12, 188 1. The above is certified to, 78 years after by the actor in the scene, as substantially true. Daniel Baldwin. BERLIN POND AND BENJAMIN'S FALLS. Upon the highlands of the town of Ber- lin, at a distance of four or five miles from the capital of the State, and at an eleva- tion of little less than 400 feet above the same, lies a beautiful body of water — Berlin Pond ; about 2 miles in length, nar- rowing into a width of 50 feet at two- thirds of the distance from the head, giv- ing the wider parts the designation of the ui^per and lower pond. The water is clear and soft, and when unmoved, reflects the entire margin of hill-sides, farm and forest, while the sky and clouds above seem to have lazily lain down upon its bosom till well might these be called Mirror lakes. Berlin pond, or ponds h^ve long been a resort of fishing parties, and of late, a growing taste for rural scenes and camp- life, induces longer stay, and during the warmer summer months it is not uncom- mon now for families from neighboring towns to pitch here their tents and set up a system of co-operative housekeeping that succeeds, during which sojourn religious services are held on Sundays in the open air. or, if rainy, in some one of the larger tents. If always " a thing of beauty," the pond has not always been " a thing of joy." At times it has shown a greed of human life, and helped to fill the cup of sorrow — en- gulfing once a bright and promising boy, the only son of parents dwelling on its bor- der, and from the shadowy forest of the eastern shore there ortce came whisperings of foul treachery and homicide. But these events were of the past — never to be re- peated, let us hope. The village of the town is situated at the lower and northern extremity of the pond, and here is a fall with a good water- power which has long been utilized. From this outlet the stream runs in a circuitous route some over a mile, falling 19 feet, and furnishing two other water-powers on its way, thence rushing on more rapidly, as if tired of slow work, and eager for frolic, seeks the woods and at once away from observation and restraint, its wild race be- gins, and in less than 300 feet it falls in one leap after another, 274 feet. The first BERLIN. 73 of these leaps 50 feet in an angle of 65 de- grees. The second about 6 rods below, falling 30 feet perpendicularly; and 18 I'ods farther on is the third falls of 130 feet at an angle of 30 degrees. Thus far so completely hidden are Benjamin's Falls, known by the name of the owner of the land through which the stream runs — that perhaps most people in their vicinity have never seen this beautiful freak of nature's. But though long unknown and unvisited through the warm season, of late, parties one or more, may often be found spending the day here. Cool, sheltered, and for a wonder is not damp, nothing can be more delightful than to sit under the trees and watch the caprices of the rushing, roaring torrent. The maples and birches crowd close to its edge, laving their roots in its waters and throwing their arms out over it, the tall evergreens stand like sentinels around, and soft mosses and delicate ferns cushion and fringe its banks save where the sharp rocks jut out as a stronger bul- wark of protection. A party at one time visiting the falls after a long and heavy rain beheld in a nook at one side of the perpendicular fall, which the excess of water had completely filled, float a mass of foam in the form of the lower half of a perfect cone, 4 or 5 feet in diameter, of the purest white at the base, and gradually gaining color until crowned by the amber of the daintiest merschaum, while in a broader, but shallower pool a few rods be- low was the image of a huge ram, tossing and struggling to extricate himself from the watery element. Long ago this wild frolicsome power was seized for the service of the early settlers. At the foot of the first fall was the first saw- mill, and at the foot of the second the first grist-mill erected in the county. Whether the ascent to the mills on the one side was too steep, or the descent on the other too difficult, or whether it came to be thought of mills as it did of churches — better to put them in the valleys than on the hill- top, we may not now know, but standing on the ground and seeing left only the foundation walls and the millstone lying in the stream below, one questions whether the stream itself had not something to do in their abandonment, this turbulent, wil- ful thing, so fascinating in its beauty, so destructive in its power ; now abating somewhat of its violence, turning aside here and there into little nooks, coquetting with the fallen trunks of trees, then back again over the smaller rocks in its bed, giving, as it emerges from the shelter of the woods, a tithe of its i^ower to turn the wheel of a little mill — thus " working out its highway tax," and then after one short, sharp and final plunge, gracefully yielding to the inevitable, making its way through the fertile meadows, passes quietly into the waters of the Winooski. HENRY LUTHER STUART, ESQ., died Sept. 17, 1879, ^t Athens, Ga., the day being his 64th birthday. He was born at Berlin, in this State, and after studying medicine, law and engineering, he went to New York in 1843, where he became known in connection with the first efforts to lay an Atlantic cable, and also as the designer of the model on which the public schools are still built. He was also the first to introduce the piano into these insti- tutions. He aided in founding the Five Points Mission in 1851, and was later in- strumental in causing the establishment of the Normal College. He was an old friend of Horace Greeley. He devoted his whole life to the public service, and the Woman's Hospital of New York State and the Eclec- tic Medical College are, in a measure, in- debted to him for their foundation. He was also much interested in the progress of experiments with torpedoes as a means of coast defence. His visit to Georgia was undertaken in connection with the honors lately paid there to Dr. Long, whose name is well known in connection with the his- tory of am^sthetics. His death was caused by paralysis. — Burlington Free Press. HON. CHARLES BULKLEY, a native of Colchester, Ct., came to Berlin previous to 1800, and settled near the red arch bridge. He was a prominent lawyer, his office being in Montpelier. He was Judge of Probate for Orange County Court in 1800 and 1801, and chief judge of Wash- 74 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ington County on its organization in 1813, and representative for Berlin in the State Legislature in 1818. He was an able man, a good citizen and an earnest and efficient member of the Congregational church here in its early days, and at his death was the oldest member of the bar in this County. He died April, 1836, age 72 years. We were late in finding the data for this no- tice, or it would have appeared among the early settlers previously noticed. George Fowler, an old, early settler of this town, used to hunt with Capt. Joe, Indian. PUBLIC MONEY JUDICIOUSLY EXPENDED. Previous to the great flood in Oct. 18 — , Berlin street, leading east from the red arch bridge, was anything but a pleasant place to live in, being low, and in spring a complete slough, and the houses old tumble-down affairs. The water having washed out part of the street, the town in- vested $1800 in filling and grading about h. mile, and 2 years later, nearly as much more. The improvement seemed catch- ing. The inhabitants took the idea, and almost every house is newly covered ; new ones have been built, a new street laid out with additional buildings, and now, 188 1, it is not only a pleasant place in which to live, but one of the pleasant drives near Montpelier. STEVENS BRANCH. When the first settlers in this vicinity visited the lower part of this stream they found upon its banks near the mouth a hunters cabin, and in the cabin the body of a man far gone in the process of decay. He had evidently died alone and unat- tended. They carefully buried the body as well as circumstances would admit. It was afterwards ascertained that he came from Corinth, and his name was Stevens. Hence, the name "Stevens Branch." It is said that on account of disappointment in a love affair he left society and took to the forest. DOG RIVER received its name in consequence of a hunter by the name of Martin, losing his favorite dog in the following manner : He set his gun at night near his camp for the purpose of shooting a bear. During the night he heard the report of the gun, and called his dog to ascertain the results, but failing to find him he waited till morn- ing, when he found the dog was the victim. He threw the dog into the stream, saying ' ' this stream shall be called Dog River." CABOT. BY JOHN M. FISHER. Cabot is situated in the N. E. part of Washington Co. ; lat. 40°, 23'; long. 4°, 42' ; 6 miles square ; bounded N. by Wal- den and Danville, E. by Danville and Peacham, S. by Marshfield, and W. by Woodbury, and lies 21 miles easterly from Montpelier. It was granted Nov. 6, 1780; chartered by Vermont to Jesse Leven- worth and 65 others, Aug. 17, 1781 ; but not surveyed and lotted till 1786. The survey was made by Cabot, of Con- necticut, and James Whitelaw. Thomas Lyford, whose father was one of the first settlers, being at that time a young man, 18 years of age, worked with them through the survey. In the extreme west part of the town Mr. Cabot broke the glass in his compass, and was obliged to go through the wilderness to the nearest house about 6 miles away, and take a square of glass out of the window to replace it. The names of the grantees were not en- tered upon the town records, and it can- not be determined with certainty who of those ever settled in town. By what we can gather from the original plan of the town, it appears very few of them ever made this town their home. The township was lotted by James Whitelaw, and a field-book written out by him September, 1786, contains the num- ber of each lot and full description of the same, measurement, etc., closing each with a statement of what in his judgment the land is adapted to, whether pasture or general farming. There were 12 lots in each division, and 6 divisions, making 72 lots in town. The fir.st meetino; of the CABOT. 75 proprietors was warned by Alexander Har- vey, justice of the peace, To meet at the house of Jonathan Elkins, in Peacham, County of Orange, on the 2d Monday in June, 1786, to transact the fol- lowing business, viz. : ist, to choose a moderator to govern said meeting ; 2d, to choose a clerk ; 3d, to agree what they will do respecting the settlers in said town, and to see what encouragement they will give to settlers ; 4th, to lay a tax to de- fray the expense of surveying and lotting said town. o At this meeting, Jonathan Elkins was chosen moderator, and Jesse Levenworth, clerk. Meetings were adjourned from time to time. November 3, 1786, they met at the house of Thomas Chittenden, in Arling- ton, and the survey being completed and presented to the meeting, it was Voted that Giles Chittenden and Tru- man Chittenden, being indifferent per- sons, be a committee to draw the lots, which being done by them in the presence of the meeting as the law directs, was as follows : k Jesse Levenworth, lot No. 5 ; Jesse Lev- enworth, 55; Mark Levenworth, 10; Wil- liam Levenworth, i ; Evans Munson, 57 ; Isaac Doolittle, 64; Robert Fairchild, 19; Ebenezer Crafts, 14; Timothy Newel, 72; James Lane, 66; Elias Townsend, 28; William Holmes, 18; Richard Mansfield, 70 ; Nathan Levenworth, 15 ; Moses Baker, 20 ; Jas. Whitelaw, 7 ; Philander Harvey, 65; David Bryant, 51; Frederick Leven- worth, 53; Jonathan Heath, 33; Eames Johnson, 45 ; Thomas Lyford, 21 ; Edmund Chapman, 50 ; Benjamin Webster, 40 ; David Blanchard, 56 ; Jonathan Elkins, 26; Jonathan Elkins, Jr., 42; William Chamberlin, 60 ; Ephraim Foster, 44 ; Abel Blanchard, 58 ; Benjamin Ambrose, 34 ; Minister, 62 ; Minister, 63 ; Grammar School, 69 ; College, 3 ; William Douglas, 49 ; Asa Douglas, 1 1 ; John Douglas, 22 ; Alson Douglas, 68; Beriah Palmer, 17; Martha Douglas, 13 ; Ebenezer Jones, 67 ; Jesse Gardner, 41 ; Mary Andrus, 47 ; William Douglas, 52 ; Content Douglas, 46; Asa Douglas, Jr., 12 ; Zebulon Doug- las, 48; Lyman Hitchcock, 54; Nathaniel Wales, 36 ; Saphiah Hitchcock, 2 ; John Batchelder, 32; Eliphalet Richards, 29; Jonathan Pettet, 30 ; Matthew Watson, 38; Ezekiel Tiffany, 43; Abel Blanchard, 39 ; Peter Blanchard, 27 ; Reuben Blanch- ard, 35; Jason Cross, 16; Solomon John- son, 9 ; Robert Hains, 61 ; Samuel Russell, 23 ; David Waters, 6 ; Thomas Chittenden, Esq., 4; Paul Spooner, 25; Joseph Fay, Esq., 8; Abigail Gunn, 59; Barnabas Morse, 24. Voted that there be a tax of ten shillings to pay the expenses of lotting. There be- ing but 71 proprietors and 72 lots, it was Voted that lot No. 24 be disposed of, as the settlers now in town should see fit. Lots No. 62 and 63 were set as minister lots, the rent to go for the support of preaching in town; No. 69, grammar school, the rent of which goes to Peacham Academy; lots 71 and 72, town school; lot No. 3, college. The town was named by Lyman Hitch- cock, one of the grantees, in honor of his bride-elect. Miss Cabot, of Connecticut, a descendant of Sebastian Cabot. Mr. Lev- enworth never settled or lived in town, but settled and built the mills at what is now known as West Danville. In 1779, Gen. Hazen cut through the wilderness, and made a passable road for 50 miles above Peacham, running through the north-eastern part of Cabot, over what is known as Cabot Plain, through Walden and Hardwick. He camped for a few weeks on the plain about J of a mile to the south of the residence now of Springer. Here they expected an attack from the British from Canada, who were sending a portion of their forces down on the east side of the State, instead of sending them all down the Lake, upon the west side. A fortification was thrown up by Hazen's soldiers. The ground bears the name of Fortification Hill, and a small portion of the fortification is still seen, and a large rock pointed out where the army built their camp-fires. Connected with Hazen's army was a squad called Whitcbmb's Range: s, among whom was Thomas Lyford, grandfather of Thomas Lyford now living in the village 76 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. of Cabot. Gen. Hazen expecting an at- tack from the enemy, Whitcomb and Ly- ford were sent to the north as spies. Dur- ing the long scout Whitcomb's shoes gave out, and he threatened to shoot the first man he met for his. After several days, cautiously proceeding, they heard a dis- tant crackling of the brush, then a faint tramp of feet, and at once secreted them- selves in an advantageous position, and waited. In a short time a scouting party of the enemy discovered themselves, Brit- ish and Indians, making for Gen. Hazen''s quarters, commanded by Gen. Gordon. Our scouts felt upon their action for a few moments hung great results ; not only their own lives, but those of their comrades and Gen. Hazen's army. The enemy advanced. Gen. Gordon in front, little thinking what is concealed in the thicket. Whitcomb thinks of his shoes ; tells Lyford to be cool ; takes good aim ; Gen. Gordon falls forward ; throws his arms around the neck of his horse ; the horse, frightened, turned back and ran into camjD ; the Brit- ish general lived to get into camp, but died very soon after. Whitcomb was secreted under a bank where the waters in a little ravine had -washed out a hole, which was covered with a log. Over this log, he said, a number of Indians ran whooping, brand- ishing their tomahawks ; that he could have pulled any one of them off from the log as they passed over into the hole, but he thought it not best. Lyford was con- cealed near him. After a long search, the Indians gave up they could not find the one who sent the bullet. As soon as Whitcomb and Lyford con- sidered it safe they came from their hiding places, and returned to the camp of Gen. Hazen with the news. Whitcomb did not get his shoes, but they had accomplished all and more than they set out for. The enemy, dismayed, retreated back to Can- ada, and thus ended what was expected to be a battle or skirmish on Cabot's Plain. [See account of Major Whitcomb and this adventure in vol. I of this work, page 1067 — Ed.] Gen. Hazen finished his road through to the town of Lowell, and then returned to the south. This road from near Joe's pond, led to the south of the present traveled road, until it came to the three corners of a road near the present grave-yard on the plain ; here it struck what is now the pres- ent traveled road and continued to the north line of the town. It was of great benefit to the first settlers. It is still called the Hazen road. The settlements began upon the high- est land, in, town which has been known as Cabot Plain for the last 40 years ; pre- vious to that as Johnson's Plain. Colonel Thomas Johnson of Newbury, when taken prisoner with Col. Jonathan Elkins of Peacham, by the British in 1781, and car- ried to Canada, the first night of their march camped on this tract of land, and when he returned on parole, soon after, and from that time until late in the present century this locality was called Johnson's Plain. It lies between the Connecticut and Winooski river, and commands an extensive and beautiful prospect, the out- lines of which are formed by the western range of the Green mountains and by the White mountains in N. H. BENJAMIN WEBSTER, of Salisbury, now of Franklin, N. H., uncle of renowned Daniel Webster, en- couraged by the liberal offers of the pro- prietors, came to this town in 1783, and made the first opening in the forest for a permanent settlement. The first clearing was made a little north of where George Smith now lives, on the line of the Hazen road. In the opening, Mr. Webster built the first log cabin. Its dimensions, we are not told, but assured it was sufficiently capacious to answer for a house, barn, shed, and all necessary out-buildings ; and that this tenement completed, he returned for his family and moved them into town March, 1783, himself driving the cow, Mrs. Webster traveling on snow-shoes, and the hired man with Mrs. Webster's assistance, drawing the few goods they brought with them on a hand-sled, among which was a wash-tub, and in this tub their little daugh- ter two years of age, who afterwards be- came the wife of Hanson Rogers, E.sq., CABOT. n and after raising a large family of children, died in the village of Cabot, Sept. 28, 1S68, aged 88 yrs. 3 mos., 14 days, highly respected by all who knew her. On their journey from Peacham to their cabin, the snow was 4 feet deep upon a level ; and upon their arrival they found it drifted into their cabin, to the depth of a foot and a half. It had to be shoveled out before they could enter, and then tliey had only the bare ground for a floor. After getting settled a little, Mr. Webster went to New- bury for provisions. While he was away, the sun coming out warm, Mrs. Webster tapped some trees and made 40 pounds of sugar. It is said she could chop as well as a man, and greatly helped her husband in clearing up his farm. LIEUT. JONATHAN HEATH was the second settler. His family ar- rived the first of any settler's family. The Lieutenant came with his family two days before Benjamin Webster came with his. He built his cabin on the line of the Ha- zen road opposite the present burying- ground on the Plain. NATHANIEL WEBSTER and family were the third to arrive. He rolled up the logs for his cabin on the op- posite side of the Hazen road from Benja- min Webster's. LIEUT. THO*MAS LYFORD who was with Whitcomb in the daring adventure of shooting General Gordon, was the fourth settler. He located on the south of the road, near the three corners, near the burying-ground, in what is now Eli B. Stone's field. The nearest trading point at first was Newbury, 24 miles distant, where they had to go for milling, taking their grain on a hand-sled in winter, or at other times on their backs through the mud. After about three years, there was a mill built at Peacham, and they went there. So great was the hardship to procure milling, they often resorted to battling their grain. They had no neighbors north of them, and none on the south nearer than Peacham. It was some two or three years before any permanent addition was made to their number. About 1787, six families were added to them, namely, Lyman Hitchcock, David Blanchard, Jeremiah McDaniels, John Lyford, James Bruce, Thomas Batch- elder, and families,- emigrants from New Hampshire, who settled on the line of the Hazen road on the Plain. Up to this time, 1788, the inhabitants had lived in primitive independence, reg- ulating themselves by the principles of common law. The following appears upon the town book as the first step towards a town organization : Proceedings of the town of Cabot. At the request of four of the inhabitants of the town of Cabot, I hereby notify the freemen and inhabitants of tlie town to meet at the house of Mr. Thomas Lyford, in said Cabot, on the last Saturday instant March, ten o'clock before noon, then and there being met to choose ist, a moderator, clerk, and necessary town officers; 2d, to see if they will raise money to defray the incidental charges, and do any other bu.s- iness that may be necessary. Walter Brock, y It slice of the Peace. February 4th, 1788. The number of voters at the organiza- tion could not have been more than- 10 or 12. The records of their meetings show that the first settlers seemed to regard military title as conferring almost perma- nent virtue or qualification for office, as seen by the following choice of officers : Capt. Jesse Levenworth, moderator; Lieut.. Jonathan Heath, Lieut. Thomas Lyford, Lieut. David Blanchard, select- men; Maj. Lyman Hitchcock, town treas- urer ; Ensign Jeremiah McDaniels, con- stable ; Edmund Chapman, surveyor of highways. Ensign Jeremiah McDaniels was chosen collector of taxes. One pri- vate only was found qualified to six com- missioned ofilicers for promotion in civil ofiice. The foregoing officers were all sworn into office by the said justice of the peace, Walter Brock. For 18 years of the settlement this was tire metropolis of the town. The lot upon Walden line was owned by Nathaniel Webster. His house stood a little south of where the road leading from the village to Walden depot intersects with the Hazen 78 VERlMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. road. Next south was Benjamin Web- ster's, the first settler ; then came Dr. Scott's, Hanson Rogers', Mr. Shephard's, and other houses and farms for about a mile on the line of the Hazen road. The famous "yellow house " was built by Horace and Gershom Beardsley, two stirring settlers from Massachusetts. It was the first framed house in town, and was first raised in the pasture now owned by Samuel S. Batchelder. At that time a new County was formed from towns set off from the County of Orange, and there was a strong.prospect that this town would be the shire town of the new county. With this expectation, the Beardsleys cleared two acres of land in this pasture, taking out the stumps root and branch, for the site of the county buildings. Their hopes not being realized, the house was not fin- ished on this spot, and after standing here about 2 years, was taken down and re- moved to the Plain. The foundation is seen at the present time where it was first raised. The timber all hard wood, and the house two stories, it took a large amount of help to raise it, of men and whisky. All the men and women in this town, Peacham and Danville were invited to the raising. Those invited giving out word that they would drink the Beardsleys dry that day, the Beardsleys prepared themselves. They furnished a barrel of first proof rum, and a second barrel, slightly reduced. It was said never was such rum seen in Cabot be- fore or after. All were invited to take hold and help themselves. In after years the old settlers enjoyed rehearsing the scenes at that raising. They said with a great many of them it lasted two days After the removal of the house to the Plain it was very nicely finished, and be- came the " Hub " of the town. It was 40 feet square upon the ground, with a large hall in the ell, used for all kinds of gather- ings, and had a long shed attached run- ning to the barn. As all the travel from the north going to the Connecticut river had to pass over Cabot Plain, it was a favorite stopping-place for travelers, and during the war of 1812, those engaged in smuggling made it their quarters. DOINGS AND VOTES FROM Vj TO 1806. At the first March meeting, held the last Saturday in March, 1788, but two votes were taken, one for schools and one to raise a tax on each poll equal to two days' work for building and repairing roads. From the first town meeting to 1840, each town officer, from town clerk to high- way surveyor, was sworn into office. In 1789, there being no justice of the peace in town, the town clerk was obliged to go to Barnet, where he received the oath of office, administered by Alexander Harvey, Esq. When the town was fairly organized, at- tention was next given to the protection of property. Voted to build a pound on Shepard Hill, that swine should not run at large from the loth of May to the loth of October, unless with a good poke on his neck and a ring in his nose. The first vote to defray town expenses was Mar. 25, 1779; "To raise 12 bushels of wheat to defray necessary town ex- pense, and purchase a town book for rec- ords," and the first auditors appointed, Lieut. Thomas Lyford, Mr. Thomas Batch- elder, Lieut. Jonas Watts, to examine into accounts of town officers, and report at next meeting. The town book cost $2 ; wheat was 75 cents a bushel. There were $7 left on the 12 bush, voted after paying for the book, for the " necessary town ex- penses." March meeting, 1790, the selectmen were instructed to procure a piece of land for a burying-ground. Six years after, the first burying-ground was laid out. Mar. 21, 1 79 1, 20 bushels of wheat voted to pay town expenses this year. Voted that width of sleds for the year ensuing in the town of Cabot shall be four feet and six inches from outside to out- side, and any one found with one of less dimensions on any public road in said town shall be subject to a fine of five dollars for every such offence. 1793, population 122; new school dis- trict, No. 2, formed; first full list of town officers elected : Capt. James Moss, mod- erator ; Lyman Hitchcock, town clerk ; Samuel Danforth, James Moss, David CABOT. 79 Blanchard, selectmen; Thomas Lyford, town treasurer ; Thomas Batchelder, con- stable and collector; Ephraim Marsh, grand juryman ; James Chapman, Martin Durgin, Thomas Osgood, surveyors of highway ; Ezekiel Gilman, hog-ward ; Ed- ward Chapman, fence-viewer ; Jonathan Heath, pound-keeper ; Fifield Lyford, sealer of weights and measures ; Thomas Lyford, leather sealer ; listers, selectmen, (see list of town officers) . To this time no steps had been taken to punish violators of the law in cas^ there should be any that should require more than the civil law would give them, and it was voted to build stocks, (whipping post) and sign-post on the Shepard hill near the pound, — 15 bushels of wheat was voted for town expenses or, 4s. in cash in lieu of I bushel of wheat, and 5 bushels of wheat, to purchase standard weights and measures for the town. Voted that Reuben Kelzer be discharged from his fine of eleven shillings for profane swearing, and breaking the peace. After arrangements had been made for the punishment of civil and criminal of- fenders " : March, 1794, — Voted that the sum of twenty-one dollars be expended in the pur- chase of 28 pounds of powder, | of cwt. of lead and six dozen flints for tlie town stock of ammunition. Vdted that the fines that have been or shall be laid be appropriated to the use of schools the present year. A good use to devote them to. Previous to 1795, the duty of listers was performed by the selectmen ; at March meeting, 1795, the first board were elected : Capt. David Blanchard, Fifield Lyford, Samuel Warner. 1796. In 13 years, the settlement had extended to the south, east and west. The question began to be agitated in regard to removing the seat of government to the geographical center of the town. A meet- ing of the inhabitants was called at the school-house on the Hazen road to take the matter into consideration. As a mat- ter of course, it was stoutly opposed by the pioneers of the town, those that had borne the burden and heat of the day, saw by this move their glory departing. So long had the business of the town been done here, that they had come (and per- haps all natural enough) to consider them- selves the Mecca of the town. The day of the meeting came, the forces well mar- shalled on both sides, but those in favor of a change were too strong for the other side, and it was voted that. Hereafter all meetings for doing pub- lic business shall be held at the school- house at the centre of the town, and the public property all except the pound (which consisted ot the stocks and whip- ping-post) should be removed to that place. It is said this was a hard blow to those living on the Plain ; but we cannot learn as they threatened to secede. In 1799, $22 was voted to defray town expenses. The patriotism and high esteem in which the Father of his Country was held may be seen by the following record : On the receipt of the news of the death of Gen. Washington a town meet- ing was called to meet on the 22d day of February, 1800, to see what the town will do on account ol Keeping in Remem- brance the Life and Death of Gen. Wash- ington. Voted that a committee of three be appointed to take charge of the assembly and conduct them in a becoming manner to the school-house there to listen to an Oration to be delivered by Lyman Hitch- cock, Esq. The committee appointed were Joseph Fisher, Thomas Osgood, Joseph Huntoon. A large assembly gathered, and after the oration Esq. Horace Beardsley was directed to return the thanks of said town to the speaker for delivering so good an oration to the people. 1802, the town began to look towards retrenchment of expenses. Before elect- ing selectmen it was voted whoever should be elected should serve free of charge for their services ; and it does not appear that they had any trouble in finding men to serve ; doubtless they thought the honor paid. At the same meeting the first tith- ing men were elected : John Edgerton and Gershom Beardsley, whose duty it was to see that the Sabbath was not desecrated by persons hunting, fishing, or lounging about, and if any persons there found so 8o VERMONT rilSTORICAL MAGAZINE. doing, to arrest and bring them before a magistrate to be fined. Frequent votes appear after upon the records to remit the fines of those that had been fined for the violation of {he Sabbath. It was also their duty to see that no one disturbed religious meetings ; if the}' did to take them in charge. There were some who were not pros- pered in their worldly possessions, and from year to year there were quite lively times in warning such persons out of town to prevent their becoming a town charge. The first order was given by the selectmen Oct. 3, 1803, for James Shepard and his wife Sarah, with their children, to depart said town, and in 1807, 12 families were warned to depart. [If a family came to want that had been duly "warned out," the town was not obliged to assist them ; but if not, the town was liable. A very uncharitable record to put down for all our early towns ; if we could not add, it was usually about as serious a matter as appointing a hog ward, to which office every man in town married during the year, even the minis- ter, was a candidate for at next March meeting. The old settlers were fond of practical jokes, and received them very complacently. I have seen the record where the warning out went so far every family in town was warned out. — Ed.] On all public days whisky went around freely, and officers all had to treat. March meeting, 1806, tradition says the whisky was kept in the closet of the school-house where the meeting was held, which was imbibed so frecjuently by candidates and their supporters, some of them got so they hardly knew which way to vote. About middle way of the proceedings of the meeting it was "voted that the door lead- ing into the closet be shut and kept so for the space of one-half hour." The first surveyor of wood and lumber, Oliver Walbridge, was elected in 1S06, and the first jurors, petit and grand, for County Court, were drawn, and $20 voted this year for town expenses. This closes the first book of records — the notes and doings that appear most interesting. The succeeding records are about like those of the present day, with the exception of many more alterations in school districts, laying out of roads and such business as was incident to a new county. In 1802, John W. Dana came to the Plain, and opened a store in a building a little south of the yellow house. He being a man of ability, brought a good deal of business to the place. In a few years he was joined by John Damon, and they soon became the sole owners, or nearly so, of all that region, comprising nearly 1000 acres. They frequently wintered 100 head of cattle, beside a large amount of other stock, at the yellow house barns. About 1 8 10, business began to draw to the lower grounds, localities less exposed to the cold winds of winter, and in 1820, but little was left on the Plain save the old yellow house. During the war of 1812, those engaged in smuggling made this old house their quarters. One mile north of here there is a small body of water called .Smugglers' pond, from an encounter that took place between a custom house officer and some smugglers, in which the smugglers threw the officer into the pond. Another time several parties from this town, while start- ing some cattle for Canada, were jnter- cepted by a custom house officer by the name of Young. They said they gave him a good smart threshing, but they were in- volved for it in a long and expensive law- suit. As time moved on, one building after another pertaining to the old yellow house was torn down, till at last, in 1855, the old landmark had to succumb, and share the fate which sooner or later aU old and hon- ored structures must. And now upon those broad acres, so beautifully spread out on the upland of the township, where the pioneers endured so many privations, and reduced the heavy-timbered forest to the fertile farms which for so many years teemed with business and thrift — along the whole street nought is now seen but the herds quietly feeding and an occasional husbandman tilling" the lonely soil. CABOT. gi CABOT VILLAGE. In 1788, Lieut. Thomas Lyford, the third settler in town, and the first settler at the village, bought a lot of land of Jesse Levenworth and Lyman Hitchcock. On this land the village of Cabot now stands. The Winooski river runs through the grounds. Mr. Lyford was a mill-wright; there was no saw-mill within ten miles ; he decided to build a saw-mill upon his lot upon tlie Winooski river. He selected the spot where John Brown's shop now stands. Here the first blow of the axe fell to sub- due the thick wood to the fair vale, in which a beautiful and pleasant village was to grow. At that time this spot was quite a high elevation of land, and until within a few years was always spoken of as Saw- mill Hill. The timber was cut and framed upon the spot ; the irons were made at Newbury, and drawn on a hand-sled to the spot the winter before. The mill and dam were not completed and got to run- ning till the spring of 1789. At that time this was regarded an extra water-power and a very smart mill. The pond covered then all of what is now the meadow to the upper end of the street. The mill had what is called an up-and-down saw ; a good, smart man would run out 2000 ft. of lumber in a day. Lyford and his son, Thomas Jr., next built a grist-mill, where the grist-mill now stands. This mill had but one run of stone, split out of a granite stone where Allen Perry's house now stands, and used for the steps of the present mill. Thomas Lyford, Jr., took charge of the mill. He built a camp on the rise of ground before it, and stayed there from Monday morning till Saturday night, when he returned to his father's on the Plain. The mill did the grinding for this town and the towns for 10 or 12 miles around. About 1794, Lieut. Lyford built the first house in the village, where Mrs. Jos. La»ce now lives. His son, Thomas Jr., attended to the mills and commenced clearing up the land. For the next 12 years but little addition was made to the new neighborhood. The second house was built by Samuel Lee, where Enoch Hoy't and his son, George Hoyt, now live ; the third by Elias Hitchcock, where the garden of Caleb Fisher now is. John W. Dana, on the Plain, bought a small house that stood where Mrs. Haines' house now does, and fitted it up for a store — the first mercantile business here. After a few years, George W. Dana built quite a large store. It was becoming evident that this was to be the business centre of the town. John W. Dana, a keen-sighted man, came from the Plain and bought nearly all the land now included in the village. By selling build- ing-lots to the farmers, he contributed largely to building up the village. In 18 17, a distillery was put up where Union Block now stands. Marcus O. Fisher bought the site and put in a tannery, en- larged the building, using part for a cur- rying and shoe-shop. "The old red house " was one of the landmarks of the town for years. In 1825, he built a larger tannery where the bark was first ground between two stones by horse-power. A man and a horse could grind from one-half to a cord in a day. This stone is now in the yard of J. M. Fisher as an old town relic. About 1840, water-power was sub- stituted for the horse. Mr. Fisher carried on the business successfully about 35 years, and his son, Edwin till 1868, which ended the tanning business in Cabot. It was sold to a stock-company who erected the handsome union block for stores, offices, etc., on the site. The next business started was wool- carding and cloth-dressing, by George Fielding, who built a shop on the site of the present carriage-shop in the spring of 1833. In August, the highest waters ever known on this river, carried away the shop before finished. He rebuilt in 1834; carried on cloth-dressing for a year and sold to Jason Britt, who carried on the business of wool-carding and cloth- dressing here 44 years ; building on the same site in 1855, a larger and better shop, a part of which was used for a carriage-shop by diiTerent parties till 1874, when it was enlarged and an exten- sive business undertaken by A. P. Marshall VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. and W. W. Buchanan, known as the "Cabot Carriage Co.," which run 3 or 4 years and closed up. The property came into the hands of J. A. Farrington, by whom the business is now conducted on a smaller and more sure basis. On the op- posite side of the river, William Scales built, in 1826, a blacksmith-shop and small foundry, where caldrons, five-pail kettles, cog-wheels and other iron castings were made. Mr. Scales will be remembered by all who ever got him to do any blacksmithing, as a very nice man, but not one of the smoothest of workmen. In 1840, a starch factory was built be- low the shops on the river, by Israel •Cutting, which like everything else in his hands proved lucrative. In connection with his factory, he built a grist and a saw- mill which he run a few years. The first tavern was built where Mrs. Joseph Lance's house stands, small, and one story. It was taken down in 1833, and moved over the river. The present hotel stands on the same site. Fisher was landlord 4 years, and sold to Horace Bliss, who kept it 10 years, when it was known as a first-class house. There was much heavy teaming on the road from the north of the state to Burlington, and this was a favorite stopping place for all team- sters, and also for the light travel. There are those now living who speak of Mrs. Bliss, the genial landlady, who always did so much to make the hotel a pleasant rest- ing place for her guests. The house was kept by different parties with little change till 1875, when it was largely repaired by William P. Whittier, who kept it until the death of his wife, April, 1881, after which he sold to the present proprietor, W. W. Buchanan. April, 1822, John W. Dana deeded to the town for one dollar i J acre for a com- mon, conditioned to be kept clear from all incumbrance and free on all occasions to the public, especially for military pa- rading. There are people now living in the vil- lage that well recollect when this common was a frog-pond, and filled with fir and alder bushes, and was so muddy through the street, ox-teams were stuck in the mud before where Union block now stands. Population of village, June i, 1881, 258; 64 dwelling-houses ; 2 stores ; i millinery shop ; I hotel ; 2 blacksmith shops ; i carriage manufactory ; i tin shop ; i har- ness shop ; I cooper-shop ; i grist-mill ; i saw-mill ; i graded school ; 2 churches. By an act of the Legislature, Nov. 19, 1866, the village was incorporated. The first village clerk, W. H. Fletcher; first board of trustees : John M. Fisher, John Brown, Theron H. Lance, William P. Whittier, J. P. Lamson. The village has a good fire department well equipped with engine, etc., etc. But few fires have ever occurred in the village. The most destructive was Jan. 5, 1 881, at which time the fire department did excel- lent service. THE CENTER. This place is the geographical centre of the town, and has always been known by the name of the Centre. James Morse, Esq., from Barre, Mass., made the first settlement in 1789, where Henry Hill's house stands. Esq. Morse built his first log-house. He was moderator of the first town meeting, first justice of the peace ; to him nearly all the business of this office fell for quite a number of years. When first appointed, knowing he would be called to perform the marriage cer- emony, he wished to have some practice before he appeared in public. He took his son David out, and told him to stand up by the side of a stump, and he would marry him to it. David did as directed, and the Squire commenced and went through, David assenting that he would love, cherish and protect her. The Esquire closed up in the usual form, saying that he pronounced them husband and wife. It is said David would not marry until the stump rotted" down, which was quite late in life. The Esquire being of rather nerv- ous temperament, at the next ceremony got a little bewildered, and made the groom promise to foj'sake her and cleave to all other ivovien. At another time, it is CABOT. 83 said, he forgot the ceremony, and was obliged to consult his notes. At a later day he opened the first hotel in town, in a small log-house. The bar was in the square room, and a bed in the same room. This was in the early days of hotel keeping. The Escjuire was said to be a man in whom all his townsmen had the utmost confidence ; a man of sound judg- ment, and his advice was often sought. He held all the offices from highway sur- veyor to representative. The next house was built by Oliver Wal- bridge, where G. Noyes now lives. In 1790 Major Hitchcock, Capt. Jesse Levenworth and Asa Douglas, Esq., presented the town 8 acres of land for public use. 3 years after, 4. acres were cleared for a common, and a school-house built on it, and two years later the seat of government removed from the Plain to this place. The principal property to move appears to have been the stocks and whipping-post, which were set up at the Corner, where the road by Henry HilFs intersects with the Centre road. They were never used. The only person ever whipped for crime in town was Ben. Parker, for breaking into a store that stood where True A. Town's house stands. The crime, trial and punishment were not far separated. He broke into the store Tuesday night, was tried Wednes- day, and whipped Thursday, opposite the store he broke into. The whip was of cord, and the officer said he did not whip very hard, only wanted to show him what he might expect if he persisted in his thieving course. After 1796, town-meetings and all pub- lic gatherings were at the Centre. The Fourth of July, 1820, was a memorable day. Two companies of infantry, one of artillery and one of cavalry assisted in the celebration. Capt. Crossman, of Peacham, was the president of the day. There was an oration, and bountiful repast furnished. There was a store opened by Luther Wheatley, who after a short time was suc- ceeded by Hector McLean, and the second pound was built at this place, which was liberally patronized in the olden time. It was once broken open and the cattle taken out, which disturbed the peace and dignity of the town. It was expected this would be a village of considerable size, and pros- perous farmers, as once before at the Plain, invested in village lots, and here, as at the Plain before them, their hopes were disappointed, and already this place where public business was so long done is now desolate. The winds sing their dirge around where the store, the school -house and the sacred edifice once stood, and not far from this spot those who were once active in the business of the town are quietly resting in the bosom of their mother earth. EAST HILL, often called Whittier Hill, from its first settler, Lieut. John Whittier, who came here in 1780, and commenced clearing up the farm now owned and occlipied by Frederick Corliss. He built his first cabin a little north of the present house, near the brook, and brought his wife and one child to the Plain, March, 1790, with an ox team, and from there drew his effects on a hand-sled, his wife walking on the crust beside him, carrying her spinning-wheel. After they got to keeping some cows and sheep, one evening a large bear came into the yard where they were milking, and took a .sheep. They gave chase, and the bear dropped the sheep, but he made his es- cape, and the sheep was killed. Lieut. Whittier raised a large family. Several of the boys settled on farms made from the old farm. Mrs. Whittier was a descendant from Mrs. Dustin who scalped the Indians. WILLIAM OSGOOD, from Claremont, N. H., the second set- tler here, bought one square mile west of the Centre road, opposite Lieut. Whittier, on which he settled his six sons. Four of them came in March, 1791. First, they dug out sap-troughs and sugared, and then .slashed 15 acres by the ist of June, and returned to Claremont. They boarded at Lieut. Whittier's. In the fall Mr. Osgood came with his six sons. They cleared the slash, and built a log house, 40 ft. in length, where Solomon W. Osgood now 84 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. lives. It is said this family were all strong, broad-shouldered men, able for the task before them. DAVID HAINES commenced on the farm south of George Gould's, so long occupied by his son Wm. Haines, in 1797. When he came to town he was not possessed of a great amount of cash, it may be inferred by the fact he was the owner of two pair of pants and two shirts, and he swajiped one shirt and one pair of pants for a hoe and axe to begin work with. These places are now all excellent farms and in good hands. LOWER CABOT. Settlement was commenced in 1799, by Reuben Atkins, on the farm now of W. S. Atkins, his grand-son. He cleared a spot, and built his log-house on the site of the present house. The first spring he made sugar in the door-yard. In 1800, he built a framed barn, now standing, in good condition. The farm has always been in the family, owned by one of the sons. MOSES stone, from New Hampshire, in 1797, about half a mile west from Wm. Atkins, cleared the ground and built a saw-mill where the Haines Factory now stands, his family meantime living in a shed of Lieut. Whit- tier's, on Whittier hill. After he got his mill running, he built his house. It had a large stone chimney. His wife said all the way she could see any sky was to look up through that. Fish in the river, wild game in the thick surrounding woods, were abundant. Stone was a strong man, not easily frightened. One evening in the fall he had been up to neighbor Atkins'. Returning, he, as he thought, met a man who had on a white hat and blue frock, to whom he said "good evening." The man made no answer. He repeated it, but no reply. Stonesaid, "I'll know who you are,'' and grabbed around him, when to his surprise he found he was out of the path, and it was a large stump he was hugging. In 1 801, Clement Coburn built a grist- mill where True A. Town's works stand. In 1803, he sold a privilege to Joseph Co- burn, on the opposite side of the river, to put in a fulling-mill. Cloth being then spun and wove at home, this was needed. He carried on the business some years. Thomas Coldwill became next owner, who soon sold to Wm. Ensign, John R. Put- nam and Horace Haines, who moved the shop to where the factory stands, and added carding works. In 1835, Alden Webster bought the works, adding ma- chinery, a spinning-jenny, hand-looms, re- garded a wonderful improvement. He commenced the manufacture of full cloth. In 1849, he sold to Horace Haines, who continued the business with his son, E. G. Haines, building a new factory in 1849, with water-power looms and modern ma- chinery. Horace Haines and two sons in the business have died. It is now owned by Ira F. Haines. Quite an extensive business has been done sometimes here. Carriage-making has been at different times carried on to some extent. On the river opposite the factory, in 1827, Wm. Fisher put in a tannery, which he run till 1838, when he removed to Al- bion, N. Y., where he died in 1851. Tan- ning was afterwards carried on here by Q. Cook, G. W. Cree and others. At present the most extensive business done in this village is by True A. Town, in the lumber business, in his saw-mill, and the manufacturing of the lumber into chair- stuff, boot-crimps, coffins, caskets, etc. The first store in the place was started by a Mr. Oaks, on the spot where Town's house stands. The mercantile business has been carried on here for 60 years, by John Edgerton, Ketchum and others. HECTOR MCLEAN opened a store here in 1825. There were in the village at this time but 9 houses be- tween the Perkins bridge and Marshfield vil- lage. Mr. McLean helped very much toward building up the place. He put in another dwelling-house (for hi sfamily), started a potash, blacksmith shop, and other indus- tries, and in 1836, opened a hotel, where Nathaniel Perry lives, kept by different persons for some years. CABOT. 85 In 1870, a post-office was establisned here, Cornelius Smith postmaster. There are at present, (July, 1881) in the village 30 dwelling-houses, i meeting-house, i store, I blacksmith shop, a woolen factory, a wheelwright shop. Situated in the valley of the Winooski, although at an early day it is said that one of the early settlers said he would not take the Coburn Meadow as a gift, it has some of the finest farms in the county. SOUTH CABOT. The first beginning here was made by Parker Hooker, in 18 10. He built a saw- mill on the site of the present mill. He lived in Peacham, a distance of 4 miles through the woods, with no road or guide but marked trees. The first business at his mill was to saw the boards to cover a barn for himself at his home in Peacham. He snaked his boards with oxen through the woods, a stock at a time. He soon cleared two acres, near the present resi- dence of Mrs. Alvisa E. Hooker, and built a log-house. This mill was rebuilt by Liberty Hooker, in 1839. In a few years the house now occupied by Lewis Paquin, was built by Enoch Blake. This place now contains 13 dwelling- houses, one store, a post-office, saw-mill, grist-mill, blacksmith shop and school- house ; also a large shop for the manufac- tory of wagons, etc. There was formerly a large shop in which wood and iron work was done, which was burnedin 1876. This place was formerly known as Hookerville. EAST CABOT. John Heath, son of Lieut. Jonathan Heath, the second settler of the town, in 1817 commenced in this locality, on the place now owned by Charles Howe. He cleared a few acres. His team to draw his logs together, to go to mill and to meeting was one stag. He made salts, of lye and took them to Danville and Peacham for necessaries for his family. Very soon after William Morse, Leonard Orcutt, Ster- ling Heath, and several others commenced clearing and making farms. John Clark opened a tavern opposite the Molly pond, which in after years was known as the Pond House, and George Rogers, Esq., made a fine farm near the school-house, now occu- pied by S. R. Moulton. The road from Danville four-corners to Cabot was built in 1829. Esquire Orcutt was the moving spirit in the enter- prise. It was first used as a winter road, and Lyman Clark drove the first stage through from Danville to Cabot. Previous to this, the stage and all the travel went over the Plain. For 45 years this was the leading thoroughfare from Danville to Montpelier, over which a great amount of heavy teaming was done. While Esq. Orcutt was getting this road through, a petition was presented to the selectmen to lay out the Molly Brook road. Esq. Orcutt^s head was too long for the petitioners ; he accomplished his favorite scheme. The Molly Brook road occupies quite a prominent place in the road history of the town. Leading from East Cabot to Marsh- field, on the extreme east part of the town, it was opposed by the Centre and west part. The first petition for it in 1830, was refused, the reason set up for the laying of the road was to avoid the hill i^ mile long on leaving Cabot village ; the road pro- posed being in two counties. The next step was to petition the Supreme Court for a committee. John W. Dana was elected an agent to attend court, and defend on the laart of the town. In 1845, '^ petition was presented to the Legislature for a charter for a turnpike, and it went on in this way, petitions first to the selectmen, then to the court, each one being opposed by the town, for 45 years. When one set of men died out another took their places ; in 1865, the road was finally completed, and is now one of the leading thorough- fares through town. south-west hill, with commanding view of the Winooski valley, and excellent soil, is one of the most desirable farming sections in town. The settlement .was commenced here by James Butler, 1799, on the farm where John M. Stone now lives. Mr. Butler while doing his chopping boarded at Reu- ben Atkins\ Among the first settlers on 86 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. this hill were Nathaniel Gibbs, Asa Co- burn, Ezra Bliss. One right, 320 acres of this hill, is lease land. WEST HILL. A beautiful table-land in the west part of the town, surrounded by valleys on the east, south and west, has a charming view of the country beneath. Enoch Hoyt, known as Deacon Enoch in later years, being a member of the Baptist church, bought of Edmund Gilman 320 acres, the farm now owned by Orson Kimball. He commenced clearing in the field back of the school-house in 1797, and built his cabin a little north of where Eastman Hop- kins lives. He came from Epsom, N. H., to the Junction (Cabot Plain), with his effects, and from there got them over on his back, probably. Four of his brothers, Ezra, Asaph, Benjamin and Samuel came very soon and settled near him. They were all steady men, and made this one of the best farming sections in town, and some of them after their pioneer life here, went to Wisconsin and started anew. PETERSVILLE. The first clearing was begun here by Reuben Atkins, in 1825, on the farm where his son Henry Atkins now lives. There being a school-district formed here in 1858, Peter Lyford, one of the select- men, went over to organize the district, since which the locality has been called Petersville. It has 4 dwelling-houses, i school-house and a saw-mill. It lies on tlie Molly brook road, 2 miles from Marsh- field village. MARKET ROAD, a half mile east of Hazen road, was built to avoid the hard hills. Many of the towns in Northern Vermont took their produce to market on this road, from which its name. The first clearing on this road was begun on the farm now owned by Charles Oderkirk, by Samuel Levett, in 182 1. To the north Jesse Mason soon after began and cleared up the farm now occu- pied by his son, N.J. Mason. Mr. Mason says he has often seen as many as 60 loaded teams pass his house in a day, but now in place of the rattle of the heavy wagons is heard the puffing of the iron horse. FREIGHTING. Robert Lance, from Chester, N. H., who came here about 18 10, and lived where Hial Morse now does, did the first team- ing to Boston. His team was two yoke of oxen ; freight, salts, whisky, pork, and it took from 4 to 6 weeks to make the round trip. He usually made two trips a year. A little later, Joseph Burbank began to go with a span of horses, and two loads a year would usually supply the merchants with goods. Benjamin Sperry used to team. It is said he was known from here to Boston by the name of Uncle Ben by everybody. Hugh Wilson did quite a business at teaming. In the winter quite a number of men would go to Portland, Me., with their red, double sleighs and two horses, loaded with pork. In 1838, Allen Perry began to run a 6-horse team to Boston, regular trips, the round trip taking 3 weeks. The freight tariff was $20 per ton; his expenses, about $50 a trip. When he came in with his big, covered wagon it was quite an event for the place. He run his team till 1846, when the railroad got so near he sold his team and went to farm- ing. The P. & O. railroad is 5 miles to the north of us, and the Montpelier & Wells River the same distance to the south. FIRST THINGS. The first marriage in town was David Lyford to Judith Heath, July 23, 1795, by James Morse, Esq ; the 2d was Solomon W. Osgood to Ruth Marsh, Jan. 3, 1800, by Joseph Fisher, Esq. The first child born in town was a daughter, to Thomas Blanchard, Oct. 3, 1787. The 2d was a daughter to James Blanchard, born Apr. I, 1788; died Apr. 14, aged 14 days; the second death in town. The first death was that of Nathaniel West, killed while chop- ping in the woods for Benjamin Webster, in the winter of 1786. He was crushed by the falling of a large birch tree. He was carried to the house, but lived but a few minutes. He was buried in what is now the pasture of G. W. Webster. The CABOT. 87 place is pointed out by a large maple tree. I am told there were .six or seven buried here, but the graves are not discernible. The town continued to bury in different places. There were several graves in the pasture of Lenie J. Walbridge. GRAVE-YARDS. In 1800, the town purchased an acre of land at the Centre for a burying-ground and inclosed it. This was the first grave- yard in town. William Osgood, who died Feb. 5, 1801, was thefirst person buriedin it. There are 92 graves discernible here. A large number of them have headstones that were dug out of the ledge near by and lettered, but they are hardly legible now. No burials have been made for 35 years. The last was that of Lieut. Fifield Lyford in 1846. 'I'o the credit of the town it has been kept inclosed by them, and tolerably clean, as also all of the other numerous small interment inclosures in town, where it is not done by individuals. The next grave-yard was at the Lower Ville. In 1 81 3, ElihuCoburnandCol. John Stone donated the original ground, i acre, ^ each. Joseph Coburn was the first one buried in it. From time to time it has ])een enlarged. It has now about 329 in- habitants. It is a beautiful location, about 40 rods from the Winooski, whose musical waters as they pass seemingly a little more quiet by here, you may imagine chanting the requiem of the dead. In 1814, a burying lot was opened on the farm now owned by Orson Kimball, just above the residence of E. T. Hopkins. 19 graves are discernible. The West Hill burying-ground, a gift from David Lyford and John Edgerton, was laid out in 1817. Whentheywere staking it out it was in the time of what is called by the old people the great sickness. Mr. Edgerton repeated the lines : " YeUiviiig men come view the ground Where you must shortly lie." He was the first person buried there. The graves here number 84. ' East Cabot grave-yard is a very pretty plot for the purpose, donated by George Rogers, Esq., for that part of the town. 38 persons occupy this place. Cabot Plain grave-yard, the ground for which was donated by Alpheus Bartlett, in 1825. The first one buried in it was Al- vira Covell. The interments in this yard are 39. At South Cabot the grave-yard was do- nated by Moses Clark, in 1834, with the express understanding it was to be kept well fenced. Thirty-five have been in- terred here ; the first a child of Moses Clark. It is now entirely abandoned. Cabot Village grave-yard, h acre of land, donated by John W. Dana, was laid out in 1820. The first one buried in it, Eliza Dutton, died May 20, 1820, age 22. It has been enlarged to one acre, and con- tainsabout2i7graves. T.H. Lanceopeneda NEW CEMETERY adjoining this in 1865, which is private property, those interring herein buying fam- ily lots. The first grave here is that of Joseph Lance, Oct. 12, 1865. There are 86 persons at this date buried here, July 5, 1 88 1, and there are some very hand- some monuments of marble and granite. The town have built a tomb in the yai'd for public use. In 1854, the town pur- chased for $100 its first hearse. SCHOOLS were established as soon as there was a sufficient number of scholars in any local- ity. The first log school-house stood at the foot of Shephard Hill, just north of where the road near Harvey Smith's inter- sects with the Hazen road. Wooden pins were driven into the logs, and boards laid on them, for writing-desks ; benches were used for seats. The scholars had to turn their face to the wall to wiite. The first school was taught by John Gunn, in the summer of 1792. At the first town meeting, 1798, a vote was passed raising 20 bushels of wheat for the support of a town school, under the direction of the selectmen. At a town meeting, Mar. 9, 1789, this vote was re- scinded, as no school had been kept on ac- count of the great scarcity of wheat, but at the same meeting, 30 bushels of wheat was voted for a summer and winter school of 3 months each. The object had never VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. been lost sight of. Every town meeting voted for schools, and the matter was de- ferred simply from the hardshijj of the times. A town meeting was called ex- pressly in Oct. 1789, to consider the sub- ject of building a school-house, and a tax of $40 for the same voted, $35 to be paid in wheat and $5 in cash, nails or glass. 3s. was to be paid per day for a man's labor and 3 for his cattle, he finding himself and cattle in building said house. After a few years, a school-house was commenced by district No. i, nearly op- posite the burying-ground ; but being a bleak spot, was removed before finished, down into the corner of the field near the Junction. It was used both for a school and a town-house for a number of years. The school now numbered as high as 50 scholars. Unruly ones were regulated by the big ferule, and if this was not suffi- cient, by the birch toughened in the hot embers, applied freely. Sweetmeats and delicacies for the children's dinners were scarce. They carried barley cakes, and roasted their potatoes in the ashes of the huge stone fireplace. District No. 2 was a large territory. The first school-house was built of logs, near where the old pound now stands. It is said the winter schools numbered as high as 90 scholars. After a few years this house was burned, after which a better one was built. This district has built the most school-houses of any in town. It now has a large and nice one, but few scholars. In 1800, by request of Moses Stone, it was voted to form No. 3. The Lower Cabot district and other new districts were formed as needed . I n 1 80 1 , they were num- bered according to their formation. June 10, 1801, the scholars in town from 4years to 18 were 89, and in 1803, 149. There are now 14 districts. All support school 20 weeks each year, and most of them 31 weeks. We have no academy, but our people have always manifested an interest in education, not only in the district schools, the safeguards of our civilization, but by liberal patronage of the academies in the adjoining towns. THE FACE OF THE TOWNSHIP is generally broken and uneven, the soil adapted to all the grains, roots and grasses of this latitude. The leading interest for the first 50 years was raising grain and cattle ; at present it is dairy and sheep hus- bandry. Joe's Pond is the largest body of water. It is about one-half in this town. It re- ceived its name from Capt. Joe, a Nova Scotia Indian. He was in the revolution- ary war, and used to traverse this section at an early day, and once had a camp on this shore. A smaller body of water in the east part of the town, about a mile in length and one-third in width, was named Molly's Pond for the Indian's wife, who travelled with him. [For the further inter- esting history of Capt. Joe and family, see Newbury, vol. II, of this work.] Coit's Pond, in the N. W. part of the town, was named when the town was sur- veyed, for one of the surveyors. It is a small sheet of water. The least disturb- ance in its waters roils it. It often goes by the name of Mud Pond. It is a consider- able tributary of the Winooski. West Hill Pond. — Previous to 182O' the bed of this pond was "the great meadow," of good service to the early set- tlers in furnishing grass and hay. They would cut their hay here in the summer and stack it, and draw it in on their hand- sleds in the winter to their log barns, a distance of 3 or 4 miles. Avery Atkins in 1820, built a dam across the lower end of the meadow and flowed it. From that time it has been the West Hill Pond. The water comes from two streams in Wood- bury. It covers 60 acres, and makes a very fine water-power. It was used for years for a saw and grist-mill. West Hill brook, which empties into the Winooski, takes its rise in the N. E. part of the town. It is fed by several small brooks ; taking a southerly course, enters Marshfield. Upon this are several water privileges, some of whi*ch are very good, and are turned to good account. Molly's Brook, its source Molly's pond, takes a southerly course, and enters the Winooski at Marshfield. On this stream CABOT. are also good water privileges, that are used. Our Mineral Springs we do not pro- pose to discuss largely on, as we have but little (and we might as well say, none at all) knowledge of their analysis or the won- derful healing properties they contain. There is one spring a half mile west of the village, that is said to contain some excel- lent medicinal properties, and years ago was quite celebrated, and we have no doubt if plenty of money had been put into the Winooski, it might have been a success. At Lower Cabot there are two mineral springs, of which we have heard of their effecting some celebrated cures. They are strongly impregnated with sulphur, and we should judge would be first rate for the itch — that kind which no district school was fairly equipped without in the olden time. The years of 1780 and '81 were of great severity, on account of deep snows. 18 16 is spoken of by those now living as being the year of famine, snow falling in June 4 or 5 inches deep, blowing and drifting like winter ; scarcely any corn or other grain raised in town. One of the oldest inhab- itants has told me that "a barley cake was a barley cake that year." The next year they were obliged to go to Barre and New- bury to procure seeds for planting. We copy from an article in regard to first settlers' hardships in the " Cabot Ad- vertiser, July I, 1868: There was no grist-mill, and all the grain had to be carried to West Danville to mill. There was no road but sjiotted trees, and but one horse in town to do the milling with, and she was blind. She was owned by James Morse, Esq. When any one hired her to go to mill with, they had to carry a grist for Mr. Morse to pay for the use of the horse. They would put the grain on the back of the horse, leading her. All would go well until they came to a log in the road, when the horse would stumble over it, and throw the grist to the ground. With patience the grist would be reloaded and started on the trip, only to have the accident repeated from time to time during the journey. The grist ground, they would start for home, and meet with the sanie luck as when going, and arrive at their happy homes late at night. The first wagon in town was owned by James Morse, and was a dowry to his wife from some of her friends who died down country. The body is said to have been about 6 feet long, bolted tight to the axle, and was thought to be a gay vehicle. The first stove in town was owned by Dea. Jas. Marsh. It was a long, high stove, and took wood 3 feet long ; cost, $80. This caused a great deal of talk and dis- cussion in the community in regard to the utility of its use, health of the family, etc. The first clock in town was owned by John W. Dana. It was a tall-cased brass clock. The first carpet in town was had by Mrs. John W\ Dana, and came to her in the di- vision of her mother's things. A great many of the people had never seen a carpet when this came to town. But all these hardships were borne bravely, with the hope of better days. OLD TIME DISTILLERIES. Hanson Rogers, Esq., a stirring, ener- getic citizen, 1809, erected the first dis- tillery in town,. on Cabot Plain. As this was on nearly the highest land in town, where no running water could be obtained, he built quite a distance from the road, by a brook in the pasture now owned by Mr. W. S. Atkins, paying partly in blacksmith- ing — his trade, and the remainder in whisky. The distillery was ready for the crop of 1 8 10. So many potatoes were now planted, one distillery was insufficient for the increasing business. A desire to make money appeared to pervade the people of those days even as it does the people of these days. Judge Dana, the merchant, built another distillery nearly opposite the buildings owned by Wm. Adams. There now were two distilleries within a half mile of each other, that could use up all the po- tatoes raised in the immediate vicinity. But other portions of the town, seeing the ready sale and good price for potatoes, began to raise them more largely, which rendered the building of other distilleries necessary. In 18 16, one was built on the farm now owned by W. S. Atkins. Up to this time the product of these distilleries, that had not been consumed at home, had mainly been conveyed by teams to Boston and Portland. Now a new avenue was opened. The cloud of war began to settle 90 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. down over our country, and soon we were involved in a conflict with Great Britain, and Cabot distillers, only about 40 miles from the Canada line, lost no time in find- ing a market in that country for the product of their stills. The good, orthodox cit- izens of this place seemed cjuite intent on obeying the divine injunction, " If thine enemy hunger, feed him ; if he t/iirst, give him drink.'''' This command, so explicit in its terms, the towns situated near the border seemed bound to carry out ; a large number of cattle were driven over, and no small quantity of whisky found ready sale among the British soldiery. It proved a lucrative business to those engaged in it. It was smuggling, and was rather risky business, but the "commandment" was plain and imperative, and must be followed. And about this time distilleries went into operation rapidly. One was put up by Deacon Stone, where I. F. Haines' woolen factory is now ; one by Capt. Sum- ner, on the farm now occupied by R. B. Bruce ; one on the farm of Chauncey Paine ; one on the old Cutting farm ; one on Dea. J. L. Adams' farm, where Union Block stands, and one where Hial Morse now lives; so that 12 distilleries were in full blast at one time in Cabot. These made whisky very plenty, and it was used in all the different callings of life. Some even thought it was cheaper than corn for common living. It is said one poor man in Plainfield used to say that he would buy a half bushel of corn-meal, and carry it home, and his wife would make it all up into hasty pudding, and the children would eat it all up and go to bed crying with hunger. But let him buy a gallon of whisky, and they would all go to sleep like kittens by the fire ; he thought whisky the cheapest diet. No occasion was ever perfect without it. If a neighbor came for a friendly visit ; if the pastor came to make a call, or to join a couple in the holy bonds of matrimony, or perform the last sad rites of burying the dead, and especially when a child was born into the world, the whisky and flip went around merrily ; and when the ladies had a quilting, every time they rolled the quilt all must take a little toddy, and when they had rolled it about four times, they were ready to drop work, tell stories and have a jolly time. A story is told of one of these good old ladies who at the conclusion of a quilting put on her bonnet, one of those large, old-fashioned poke bonnets, then in vogue, and got it on wrong side before, covering her face entirely, and was in great trouble to find the strings. The good old lady got out of the dilemma by the assistance of her friends, but never could tell exactly what the trouble was. All the public gatherings were held at the Plain, and the occasion which usually attracted the largest crowd was that of June training. At this time the military officers were elected for the following year. At one of these elections John Dow, who subsequently became a prominent minister of the Methodist denomination, was elect- ed captain. After the election, Capt. Dow, as in duty bound, ordered the treat, and all drank to repletion, after which the com- pany was formed for drill and inspection, and the various evolutions gone through with. During the practice, one of the brothers of the newly-elected captain, who had imbibed somewhat freely, was unable to keep time with the music, and finally fell flat on the ground. His comrades helped him to his feet, and began to up- braid him for his unseemly conduct ; with maudlin wit he answered, " It is all right ; the Dows to-day are rising and falling." About 18 1 5, the newly-set orchards com- menced bearing; great cjuantities of apples were brought into market, and cider-mills were built in different parts of the town, and some of the inhabitants began to have cider in addition to whisky for a beverage. The first cider-mill was built by Robert Lance, nearly opposite the residence of Albert Osgood, in 1819. Cider and whisky were the staple com- modities of the time, the former selling for $3 per barrel, and the latter from 67 to 75 cents per gallon. So common was their use, they were regarded very much as "United States" currency in these days. No farmer thought of beginning a winter with less than 1 2 or 15 barrels of cider and CABOT. 91 one or two barrels of whisky in the cellar.. It was no uncommon thing for a young man to hire out for the season for 300 gal- lons of whisky, and this he would dispose of for stock, store-pay, or anything he could get. About 1823, the farmers began to think raising so many potatoes was running out their farms, and, after all, not so profitable as some other crops, and less were planted, and the number of distilleries decreased, until in 1832, there were none running in town, and New England rum was used by those who thought they must have some- thing stimulating, and sold freely at all the stores and hotels in town. About 1825, the temperance question began to be agitated ; people commenced to think they could get along without quite so much stimulant, and from that time to the present, there has been a marked dim- inution in the quantity absorbed in town. The writer has in this matter endeavored to state facts simply and fully, but does not mean to be understood as saying that in the manufacture and sale of liquors, Cabot was a sinner above the other towns in that vicinity, for it is probably a fact that for its number of inhabitants, it had fewer distilleries than any other town in this section. POST-OFFICE. There was no public mail service in Cabot till 1808. The only newspaper taken by the pioneer settlers was the North Star, then as now published at Danville, and this was procured by each subscriber taking his turn in sending his boy, or going himself on horseback to the printing office, and bringing the papers for his neighbor- hood in saddle-bags. What he could not distribute on his way home were left at the grist-mill, then owned and run by Thomas Lyford, on the same site where the mill now stands, and by him were distributed as the subscribers came, or sent to the mill for them. None of the subscribers of that day are now living, but their children tell me that the receipt of the paper was deemed a matter of so much imjjortance that all the family gave attention while some one of their number, by the light of the tallow candle or the fainter flicker of the fireplace, read aloud not only the news but the entire contents of the paper. Letters were brought by travelers passing through the town. In this way the early settlers received their mails for the first 23 years . The first regular mail service through Cabot was begun in 1808, and Henry Denny was the first carrier, his horseback route extending from Montpelier to the Canada line, passing through Cabot, Dan- ville, Lyndon, Barton, etc., and his re- turn was made by way of Craftsbury and Hardwick. The round trip occupied about 10 days. About the year 1810, he com- menced to bring the Vermont Watc/unan, published then as now in Montpelier, and when he came to the house of a subscriber he would blow his tin horn lustily, and im- patiently await the coming of some mem- ber of the family to receive the same. Mr. Nickerson Warner vi^as the first postmaster at Cabot. He then lived on the farm now owned by H. W. Powers, on the road now leading to Walden. The post road, however, left the present road near the old school-house, at the lower village, running by the present residence of W. S. Atkins, thence by the centre of the town near the old pound, and by the farm now owned by A. F. Sulham, and so on by Dexter Reed's, coming out at A. G. Dickenson's, at the Plain, and then to Danville FourCorners. Mr. Warner living so far from the post road, engaged Lene Orcutt, who lived on the farm now owned by A. F. Sulham, to keep the office. At this time meetings were held at the Center on the Sabbath, and what mail was not distributed during the week he brought to church, feeling sure to see there all in- habitants of the town. The office re- mained at this place for 6 years, until 18 14, when Jeremiah Babcock was appointed postmaster. He then lived on the farm now occupied by Harvey Dow, and this being but a short distance from the post road, he removed the office to his house. Mr. Cate of Marshfield, now became mail carrier, still taking it on horseback the same as his predecessor, Mr. Denny. 92 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. In 1820, Mr. Babcock resigned, and his son Harvey was appointed in his place. By this time a store had been started at what is now known as Lower Cabot, and Mr. Babcock put the office in there. Cap- tain Covel, Senior, was the next to carry the mail, which service he performed some 8 or 10 years, during which time Mr. Bab- cock resigned and left town. In 1827, Hector McLean was appointed postmaster, prior to which time, however. Captain Covel had died, and Deacon Adams be- came mail-carrier. At this time the country had become more thickly settled, and the road so passa- ble that Deacon A. concluded to try the experiment of a stage, and he was the first to put on a team for the accommodation of passengers. His rig consisted of two horses and a wagon with body firmly bolted to the axle, so that passengers in riding over the rough roads and poor bridges got the full spring of the axle. Deacon Adams dying, Deacon Kellogg became his successor. Of him it was re- lated that he was a great smoker, and having straw in the bottom of his wagon, it took fire from his pipe and came near burning up his whole establishment. So say the old inhabitants. By this time quite a settlement had grown up at what is now known as the village of Cabot. About the year 1834, George Dana was appointed postmaster, and he removed the office to that village, where it has since been kept, with the ex- ception of one year. This -year was when Jacob Collamer of this state was post- master-general, and Salma Tressell of the Lower village was postmaster. This re- moval to the Lower village, as a matter of course, created no little feeling, which re- sulted in a long and bitter struggle between the two villages which resulted at last in the appointment of Dr. Doe as postmaster, when the office was again returned to its former quarters in the store of Elijah Perry at the village of Cabot. It has since re- mained in that village, changing hands from time to time as the postmasters have died or moved away, or the administration changed. After Deacon Kellogg, different carriers transported the mails for short terms until about 1830, when Cottrill and Clark be- came owners of the route, and put on good horses and good coaches from Montpelier to Danville, there connecting with stages from Canada to Boston, also to Littleton and the White Mountains, going from Montpelier to Danville one day and return- ing the next. This was continued until i860, when a daily mail was obtained from Montpelier to Cabot, the route from Cabot to Danville still being tri-weekly until 1862, when the daily service was continued through to Danville. After this the con- tractors were so numerous and changed so often that it is impossible to enumerate them . The mails were run in this way until the spring of 1872, when on the starting of the Portland & Ogdensburgh railroad the route over the hill to Danville was discon- tinued, and a route to Walden depot was established. Then we began to receive the Boston mail at 7 o'clock, p. m.. and this made it seem as if we were brought into the heart of the business world. On the I2th of March, 1874, the service of teams from Montpelier to Marshfield was discontinued and the mails were transferred to the cars of the Montpelier & Wells River railroad, so that we now receive our daily mails both by the Portland & Ogdens- burgh and the Montpelier & Wells River railroad at 7 o'clock in the evening. In thus briefly reviewing the mail ser- vice of the past we cannot but be impressed with the progress made in these matters duriftg the past 56 years. No more wait- ing until late at night for the arrival and opening of the mail, which, perhaps, con- tains tidings of great moment. No more shoveling through deep drifts of snow to render passable the road over Danville hill. In place of these we hear the shrill whistle from the engines of two railroads, and our mail is brought with celerity, certainty and security almost to our very door. In 1866, Alonzo F. Sprague was ap- pointed postmaster, since which he has discharged the duties of the office to the satisfaction of all. We think, if the admin- CABOT. 93 istration should change, they could hardly make up their mind to remove him. TELEGRAPH SERVICE. In 1871, the Vermont International Tel- egraph Company made a proposition to the town if they would give them $200 and set the poles, they would run their wires from the P. & O. R. R. line to the village of Cabot. In a few weeks the click of the telegraph was heard in Sprague & Wells' store. Charles B. Putnam was appointed manager of the office, he employing an operator. He held the position but one year, when he left town, and Hiram Wells was appointed, who has been the operator for 8 years. THE CHURCHES IN CABOT. Dea. Edward Chapman, the third set- tler, was a Baptist, and held meetings nearly every Sabbath in town, and was oc- casionally called to Danville and Peacham to preach. Cabot, also, was visited occa- sionally, by Dr. Crossman, Baptist mis- sionary from Unity, N. H., and by Rev. Mr. Ainsworth. In March, 1797, an article was in the warning for March meeting " to see if the town would provide means to secure preaching some part of the ensuing year." It was passed over at that meeting, but at a town meeting June 17, 1799, there was an article in the warning to see if it was the wish of the town to settle Rev. Dr. Crossman as their minister. It was " voted that he be settled, piovided he will accept such terms as a majority of the town shall." " Voted a committee of 7 be appointed to wait on the Rev. Doctor and examine his credentials ;" committee : Joseph Blanch- ard, John Whittier, Esq., Henry Beards- ley, Capt. David Blanchard, Lyman Hitch- cock, Thomas Osgood, Joseph Huntoon, the committee to report the same afternoon. This committee reported they found his credentials satisfactory ; and that as a majority of the town were of different per- suasion from the Rev. Dr. Crossman, Bap- tist, that this should make no difference in regard to their church privileges, but every person holding a certificate from a regular organized church, whether they believed in sprinkling or plunging, should be ad- mitted to all the rights of church member- ship, and that every person of sober life and good deportment, who wished should be admitted a member of the church. They also reported that " six of the com- mittee were for giving one half of the pub- lic right and for buildings on the same." In every town there was one right set apart to be given to the first settled minis- ter ; after a prolonged discussion it was voted not to accept the report of the com- mittee. It appears a report had got into circula- tion that Dr. Crossman was under censure in the church in Croydon, N. H., of which he was a member ; and for this reason it was voted not to accept the report of the committee ; but another town meeting was called for Feb. 18, 1800, to give Rev. Mr. Crossman an opportunity to vindicate him- self; which by papers and letters he did to the full satisfaction of all present, and by his request the town voted to give him declaration on account of his not being under censure as was reported in this town, that his character should not suffer any more in this place. With this ended all efforts to settle Dr. Crossman. Several town meetings were called to take into consideration the subject of hiring a minister, but no minister was ever hired by the town. Aug. 15, 1801 , a town meeting was called to complete the organization of a religious society. The organization was completed and a vote passed that this society be known by the name and firm of CONGREGATIONALISTS in the TOWN OF CABOT. Officers elected : Thomas Osgood, clerk ; Oliver Walbridge, treasurer ; Joseph Fish- er, Horace Beardsley, Thomas Osgood, as.sessors ; Clement Coburn, John Edger- ton, Reuben Atkins, committee ; Moses Stone, collector. The first vote of the society was to in- struct Dr. Beardsley to engage the services of Rev. Mr. Joslin a certain period of time, not exceeding 4 months. 94 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. A BAPTIST NOTIFICATION was read for the inhabitants of the town of Cabot of the Baptist persuasion, to meet at the Centre school house, May 12, 1803. At this meeting the following officers were elected : Perley Scott, clerk ; Fifield Ly- ford, treasurer; John N. Gunn, John Whittier, John Spiller, assessors ; Enoch Hoyt, collector ; Samuel Kingston, John Blanchard, Thomas Lyford, committee. From this date there were two religious societies in town, and men began to take sides, and there are a large number of cer- tificates upon the records, showing that the signers do not agree with the other society. One man evidently meant to make a sure thing of it, and recorded his certificate as not agreeing with either society. THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH was organized at the old Center school- house, Oct. 25, 1801, the Rev. Mr. Ran- som, of Rochester, and the Rev. Mr. Hal- lock, missionary from Connecticut, being present. Original Members :— Clement Coburn, Gershom Beardsley, Stephen Clark, Oliver Walbridge, Elias Hitchcock, Lene Or- cutt, Hepzebah Osgood, Ruth Beardsley, Miriam Clark, Elizabeth Walbridge, Peggy Hitchcock, Anna Church, Lucy Osgood. Clement Coburn, who had been deacon of the Congregational church in Charles- ton, Mass. , was first deacon and moderator ; Evans Beardsley the first clerk elected. For the first 22 years they had no settled minister. They furnished themselves when they could by hiring, which was seldom, and missionaries were sometimes sent to them from Massachusetts and Connecticut. But when they had no minister, one of the deacons, or some one of the society, read to them a sermon on the Sabbath. They always maintained worship on the Sab- bath, every brother considering himself pledged to assist as called upon. For the first 6 years meetings were held in the Centre school-house, or at a dwelling- house near the Centre ; often in Esquire Mercer's barn and the barn of Oliver Wal- bridge. In 1804-5, the Cjuestion of build- ing a meeting-house was agitated. It was raised Sept. 25, 1806, but the frame stood in an unfinished state until about 1810. The pew-ground was sold Dec. 12, 1809, payment to be made in three yearly pay- ments, i cash ; the remainder in neat stock or materials for the house. Committee for building the house, Moses Stone, Joseph Smith, Henry Walbridge, Eliphalet Adams and Luther Wheatley. The old meeting-house was large on the ground ; two rows of windows all around, high belfry ; within, gallery on three sides ; 16 pews in the gallery ; 42 pews below; would seat about 300. The struggle to finish it was hard. All parts of the town assembled to worship in it 18 summers before it was plastered. In the winter meetings were held in dwelling-houses and school-houses. In 1817, there was an especial revival and in-gathering of 41 members, although without any settled minister. REV. MOSES INGALLS, the first pastor and first settled minister, was ordained and installed over the church, Oct. 27, 1823. He was engaged to jDreach one-half of the time at salary of $200, 5 of it payable in cash, | in produce or neat stock, to be delivered in the month of > October. He was dismissed Apr. 20, 1825. The next two years the church was served by supplies. Reverends Wright, of Montpelier, Worcester, of Peacham, French, of Barre, and Hobart, of Berlin. During this time, 1826, one of the most powerful revivals took place that the town ever witnessed, of which Rev. Levi H. Stone, then a young man then and after- wards pastor of the church, writes : The church was without a pastor, but were aided now and then a Sabbath by neighboring ministers. Late in autumn they obtained the services of the Rev. Asa Lowe, small in stature, weak in voice, an old bachelor, with many whims, which might be expected to lessen the moral force of his labors, and the church and so- ciety were in serious trouble ; most posi- tively divided over the question of finish- ing their church edifice where it then stood, on the geographicfal center of the town, or to remove it to the " Upper Branch." This question was seemingly disposed of, by a vote to finish where it then stood, CABOT. 95 and Ebenezer Smith, Esq., was appointed to raise funds and complete the work. Living some 3 miles east from the Center, on the Peacham road, it was natural he should oppose the removal of the house. He entered upon his duties with zeal, and rode and walked night and day, and had nearly raised the required amount, and partially, if not quite, completed the con- tract with Asa Edgerton, a meeting-house builder, to do the work, when an opposi- tion movement was started, and prevailed, and the house was removed to the village. This transaction was by a large number of the church and society pronounced un- manly and unchristian, and resulted in very positive alienation. Some went to the Methodist, some to the Freewill Bap- tist, then worshipping on the West Hill, and others remained at home. But there was salt in that church which preserved it from putrefaction. Deacons Moses Stone and Eliphalet' Adams cov- enanted (and with them covenant meant something) to sustain a weekly meeting for prayer and conference, so long as they could say wc. Others seeing their good works and spirit, began to do likewise, and beyond expectation, tender and brotherly feeling was supplantingjealousy and anger, so that in September and October meet- ings were full. But it is unquestionably true that a thoughtful, inquiring state of mind was first manifest in the Methodist meetings. Their social meetings, both on the Sabbath and week-day evenings, were held in the house of Judge Dana, the abode of the late Joseph Lance, Esq. The young minister, Ireson, was nearly always present, and he possessed a most happy faculty of conducting social as well as Sabbath meetings. As early as Oct. it was apparent an in- visible agency was moving the people. There began to be instances of " the new birth," and where least expected, but it was not till December that a general re- ligious feeling prevailed, and persons alien- ated and bitter began to seek reconciliation in tender, prayerful earnestness. The first " watch-meeting" ever held in Cabot was in the Methodist church, on the evening of the 31st of Dec, 1825. Mr. Norton, living on the " Plain," an aged, gentlemanly, scholarly man, lately from Massachusetts. His views were in oppo- sition to the meeting and its measures, which he expressed, but his position and remarks were so met as only to increase the interest. A sermon from Rev. Mr. Ireson, prayers, confessions, exhortations, and singing by the congregation, filled the time to a late hour, when it was proposed as many as desired an especial interest in the prayers of saints should come to the altar, when, as a cloud, nearly one hun- dred went forward, filling the aisles nearly to the doors, among whom were Henry G. Perkins, the merchant, and his wife, Wm. Fisher and wife, Wm. Ensign, Horace Haynes, Clarissa and Ruth Osgood, Ruth and Louisa Coburn, all of whom are now in possession of the then promised rest. That year gave to the Congregational church about 100 members, and the Meth- odist received probably about as many, and several went to the Baptist, on the West Hill. Toward 300 hopeful conver- sions occurred that year in the town of Cabot, and the laborers were mainly the good fathers and mothers in those Israels. Home talent, with God's favor, wrought wonders, as it always will. One event which deepened the impres- sions of the people generally, I may not omit — the death of Dea. E. Adams, early in the year. Cold nights found him upon his knees, pleading for the lost. He lived to rejoice at the opening of the work and ingathering of some of the sheaves, when he was called to ascend and be ready upon the celestial plains to welcome the re- deemed from his own town, as one after another should slide down from the wings of angels, and enter into that "purchased rest." Among the young, no one probably equaled, in labors and influence, the Rev. John F. Stone, now of Montpelier. He will be remembered by many now living, as their attention shall be called to those days, but by a vastly larger number who have gone over the River. But a wonderful readiness to do and bear, characterized both old and young. The evening meetings here and there, in school-houses, and dwelling-houses in re- mote neighborhoods, as well as in the more central, were sure to be fully attend- ed. The weather made but little differ- ence. " Enduring hardness, as good soldiers of Jesus Christ," seemed a priv- ilege then as well as duty. Now, while these reminiscences cannot be as dear to strangers as to those among whom they transpired, yet they may afford some thoughts deserving consideration. In 1824 the meeting-house was taken down and moved to the village, where the school-house now stands, and finished, and for those days was a very fine struc- ture. By a subscription of the citizens in 1839, a bell of 1 100 pounds, cost, $300, was hung in the belfry, the first bell in town, 96 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. and said to have been one of the finest toned bells in the country. After a few- years it was cracked; was recast in 1848, and again hung in the belfry. This meeting-house was used until 1849, when it was torn down, and the house now occupied by this church was built. Jan. 3, 1827, Rev. Henry Jones was ordained and installed pastor of the church, to preach for them I of the time, at a salary of $225, one-half payable in grain, and one-half in money. After 4 years^ labor with them he was dismissed May 28, 1832. To 1839 they had no settled minister. In the fall of 1839, REV. LEVI H. STONE was ordained and settled. Mr. Stone was raised in this town, and this was his first pastorate. Without flattery we can say, in person rather tall and commanding, with pleasant voice and manner, his ser- mons were well planned, delivery good, and whenever he spoke he commanded attention. He was pastor 6 years, and the church enjoyed a good degree of prosper- ity. From 1846 to '49, again there was no settled minister, but Rev. S. N. Robinson, a very scholarly man from New York, was the acting pastor for a large share of the time. Nov. I, 1849, Rev. Edward Cleveland was installed as pastor, a very wide-awake, go-ahead man, who believed in people wearing out instead of rusting out. During the winter of 1850 and '51 a great revival occurred. Mr. C. was as- sisted by Rev. Mr. Galliher, an evangelist from Missouri ; 48 persons, many of them heads of families, and in some instances whole families, were added to the church. Mr. Cleveland was dismissed Oct. 9, 1853. To 1859, quite a portion of the time Rev. T. G. Hubbard was acting pastor. In the autumn of 1859, Rev. S. F. Drew was installed, and remained 12 years. During this time, although there was no especial revival, there was a goodly num- ber of additions each year, and the church was in a jDrosperous condition. Mr. Drew removed from town in May, 1 871, though not dismissed till Nov. 1872. Rev. B. S. Adams was the supply from Mr. Drew's removal from town till Nov. 1872, when he was settled as pastor, which office he now fills, July, 1881. During his ID years of labor the church has continued in a good working condition. They have thoroughly repaired their house, and made it a very pleasant place of worship, and bought a fine organ, at a cost of $800. Since 1801 to June i, 1881, whole num- ber of members, 537; children baptized, 307. The records show during its first 15 years the sacrament and ordinance of bap- tism was administered nearly every time by Rev. James Hobart, who must have been a father to this church. The present number of members is 126. During the 80 years of the existence of this church, it has passed through many trials, and at times it has almost looked as though it would go to destruction ; but it was an- chored to a sure foundation, and all must acknowledge it has been the means of doing great good in the community. DEACONS OF THE CHURCH. Moses Stone and Eliphalet Adams were elected about 1808 ; each served the church faithfully, by holding meetings in different parts of the town, and officiating on the Sabbath when the church was without a minister. Deacon Adams died in the winter of 1826, aged 45 years. Deacon Stone went to the grave like the shock of corn fully ripe, at 77 years, July 13, 1842. At a meeting of the church, June 11, 1827, James Marsh, Samson Osgood and Marcus O. Fisher were elected to the office of deacons, and Oct. 31, 1827, at a meet- ing of the circular conference with this church, they were solemnly consecrated to the office of deacon by prayer, in which the Rev. James Hobart led, and by the laying on of hands of Revs. James Hobart, Justin W. French and Henry Jones. The sermon was preached by Rev. Mr. French, and charge to the deacons was by Rev. Mr. Hobart. Joseph Hoyt was elected July 16, 1851, and served until he removed to Cameron, CABOT. 57 Mo., where he died in 1870. He was a valuable member, always aiding by his presence at all the meetings, and assisting pecuniarily to the fullest extent of his ability. When he removed West it was not only a great loss to the church butalso to the town. May 6, 1865, it was voted to elect three additional deacons. N. K. Abbott, Ed- ward G. Haines and Edwin Fisher were elected and consecrated Feb. 1866, by prayer and laying on of hands by the pastor, Rev. S. F. Drew and Rev. Nathan Wheeler. Deacon Haines died Jan. 28, 1867; taken in the midst of his usefulness, bright prospects appearing to be opening before him. All had the utmost confidence in his integrity. To him the church looked for a strong support for years to come, but at the early age of 38 years, the brittle silver thread was loosed, and the golden bowl broken. The deacons of the church at the present time are N. K. Abbott, J. L. Adams, I. F. Haines and M. L. Haines. SABBATH SCHOOL. The first Sabbath instruction for their children among the early settlers upon the Plain, was in 1804, when the settlement was still sparse. During the week, the children learned portions of the Assembly'' s catechism which the Puritan settlers brought from their early homes, and on the Sabbath day when they had no preach- ing, the good mothers would gather them together at some one of their houses, and have them recite their lessons learned dur- ing the week. They also had prayer and religious conversation, all of which served to give the young minds a start in the right direction. I had these facts from Mrs. Nathaniel Webster more than 20 years since. In 18 18, the Sabbath school connected with the Congregational chuixh was organ- ized at the Lower village school-house by Col. Washburn and Esq. Hale from Greensboro. They met at half-past four p. M., and were continued only through the summer months. The school Jiumbered from 30 to 40 pu- pils. It is said young ladies walked from Marshfield, a distance of 4 or 5 miles, to attend this school. The next year John Damon started a Sabbath school on the Plain, holding it in the hall of the yellow house, where he then lived. The 4th of July these schools had a cel- ebration at the centre of the town. Some of the old people living who were children then, speak of it now as one of the most enjoyable 4th of July's of their lives. Deacon Moses Stone was the first supt. This school has never lost its organization, and has always been well sustained. As years moved along, Bible-classes were con- nected with it, and now old and young gather together for the study of the Bible. Among the early and active ones in the Sabbath school were William Fisher, Rev. John Stone, John R. Putnam ; and of more recent dates, the supts., Mr. Milton Fisher, Joseph Hoyt, A. P. Perry and many more we might mentioij did not lim- ited space forbid. The school now num- bers 120; average attendance 85 ; library, very good ; 125 books. The Sabbath school is truly said to be the nursery of the church. THE FREEWILL BAPTIST CHURCH was organized in 1803. at the house of Lieut. Thomas Lyford, the ministers of- ciating, elders Benjamin Page and Aaron Buel of Strafford, Vt. ; first members : Anthony Perry and wife ; David Haines and wife ; Spiller ; Enoch Hoyt and wife ; Joseph Hoyt and wife ; Ezra Hoyt and wife ; Mr. Bruce, Benjamin Hoyt, David Lyford, Samuel Kingston, Abraham Hinks and David Blanchard ; deacons: Enoch Hoyt, David Blanchard and Benjamin Hoyt. The town records show that Rev. Ben- jamin Page was settled as pastor the same year of the organization, which gave him a clear title to the minister-lot, he being the first settled minister in town. This he received, it now being the farm of George M. Webster, Esq. It was then in a state of nature, but his parishioners at once turned out and cut and cleared 10 acres for him, and built a barn on the same. But 13 98 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. it is said he did not remain their minister long after he got it in shape to sell. Meetings were held at the houses and in the barns for quite a number of years ; and they used often the Congregational meeting-house at the Centre, after it was in shape to use. In 1829, they built a meeting-house on the west hill where quite a large number of these members lived. The house was of more modern style than either of the other meeting-houses, being but one story, gallery across one end, and the pulpit only about 6 feet from the floor. It had no tower. It was occupied regularly by the church for about 20 years, and during the time, they had some very able ministers, and some very stirring meetings. The quarterly meetings are spoken of as being very interesting occasions and largely attended ; some coming 15 or 20 miles to attend them. In about 12 or 15 years, the church be- gan to suffer heavily by deaths and remov- als, and about 1850, it lost its organization. One board after another began to disap- pear from the old house, and in 1875, it went over to the majority. I have not been able to find any record of this church. This account has been obtained from the "oldest inhabitants of this and adjoining towns. THE METHODIST CHURCH IN CABOT. BY HEV. EOBEUT SANDEK!<0N. The first family that moved into town became afterward identified with Method- ism. The wife of Benj. Webster was one of the members of the first class. It is stated by one of the oldest members of the church that her mother attended a quar- terly meeting on Cabot Plain about 1808. This seems to be the first commencement of the society, although the first class was not formed until about 181 1. The mem- bers of the first class were : Mrs. Judge Dana, Mrs. Dr. Scott, Mrs. B. Webster, Mrs. Hills, Mrs. N. Webster, Mrs. Durgin and Mrs. Rogers. The first men to join the class, some short time afterwards, were Judge J. W. Dana, Daniel Smith and Dr. Scott. There may have been others connected with the class at that time ; we have only been able to find the above, and have no doubt they were the original members. The first Methodist sermon preached in town was probably by Thomas Branch, in 1807 or '8. One of the oldest inhabitants says he remembers going to meeting when quite a boy, and hearing the first Methodist sermon preached in town. Thomas Branch was presiding elder of Vermont district about this time. The first circuit preacher was Bro. Stearns. The first presiding elder who seemed to have had anything to do with Cabot as a circuit, was Eleazer Wells. In 1814, Lo- renzo Dow preached his first sermon in Cabot, in the old Congregational meeting- house at the Center before it was finished, using the work-bench for his pulpit. After announcing his text, he said Jesus Christ sat down and taught the people ; so shall I, and sat during the delivery of his dis- course. There seems to have been quite a reformation in the winter of the year 1816. The summer following, the Meth- odists held their meetings in the tannery, which is now used as a dwelling-house by Widow E. Perry, next to Sprague & Wells' block. Up to this date they had held their meetings in the houses and barns, chiefly at Cabot Plain, the quarterly meetings being held in the Congregational church at the Center. The first camp-meeting held in town was in 1820, in the grove owned by Daniel Smith, now owned by A. M. Foster, where over 80 tents were pitched. The presiding elder was John Lin.sey, who is said to have been a man of thunder. The first church was built about 1822 or 1823, the land and timber being furnished by Judge Dana, who had connected him- self with the poor and despised Methodists, to the wonderment of the community, a man of his standing to be so short-sighted as to connect himself with such fanatics. It was owing to his influence and liberality the church was built. In 1825 and '26 the great reformation took place, commencing with the watch-night service in the Meth- odist church. Bro. E. Ireson was the preacher. The revival spread throughout the town, both churches taking part in the CABOT. 99 work. The facts up to this date we have had to gather as we could, not being able to find any previous record. Thos. Ljford has supplied us with most of the information, he being a small boy then. His people afterwards became connected with the Methodists. In 1828, Cabot circuit con- tained Cabot, Calais, Woodbury, Peacham, Walden, Goshen Gore and Marshfield, with a membership of 312. We find a record of the first quarterly conference : At a quarterly meeting conference, held at Cabot, July 5, 1828, William Peck was chosen secretary. Luke Richardson was appointed recording steward. Licensed Pro. Horace A. Warner to preach in a local capacity. Licensed Bro. G. B. Hous- ton as anexhorter. Licensed Bro. Samuel Stocker as a local preacher. Licensed Bro. William Simons as an exhorter. Elected the following brethren as a committee of arrangement for the year ensuing. Luke B. Richardson, Timothy Haynes, John W. Dana, voted that the next quarterly con- ference be held at Walden. A true copy of the record. Attest, L. B. Richardson, Reed. Steward. The preachers in charge at this time were N. W. Aspenwall and E. J. Scott. Below is the estimate of their salary : Quarterage, Bro. Aspenwall and wife, and one child under seven years. Quarterage. Table House Fuel. Traveliu;? Total, expenses, rent. expenses. $216.00 $75 $20 $20 $13 $344.00 E. J. Scott and wife, 200.00 53-54 10 5 8 276.50 Total receipts, N. W. Aspenwall, $123.34 E. J. Scott, 71.84 In the quarterly report for January 3, 1830, we find the following resolution: Resolved, that Oliver J. Warner, J. W. Dana and William Lance be a committee to purchase a suitable piece of ground, and build thereon a parsonage house and barns, provided a sufficient amount is subscribed to warrant the purchase of said land, and the commencement of said building. In 1830, John Courier received his first license to preach, and was recommended to the traveling connection. In 1832, or 2 years after their appointment, the com- mittee bought of Joseph Preston one acre of land, house and barns thereon ; cost, $20Q, where the widows Heath and Lyford now have houses. The society put itself on record on the side of liberty and tem- perance : Resolutions. (2uarterly meeting held at Cabot, May 11, 1839. 1st. That slavery as it exists in the United States of America is under all cir- cumstances a sin against God, contrary to the rights of our fellow-men enslaved. 2d. That it is the duty of every Chris- tian philanthropist and republican to use all lawful means for the peaceful emanci- pation of all the enslaved of our land. 3d. That we claim the right to examine and discuss this subject, and also to peti- tion Congress for the immediate abolish- ment of slavery in the District of Columbia. ON TEMPERANCE. 1st. that the manufactory and vending of intoxicating drinks, for a beverage, is an immorality. 2d. That it is inconsistent with Christian principles and a growth in grace to use in- toxicating drinks as a beverage. 3d. That by precept and example, we discourage the use of all intoxicating drinks as a beverage. . In 1848, the parsonage lot was sold to W. B. Cutting. Henry Russell, Joseph Lance and John Clark, committee. In 185 1, S. Aldrich was the preacher. Quite a reformation took place ; several conver- sions ; some have gone to receive their re- ward ; others are among our leading mem- bers to-day. Removing and rebuilding the church was commenced ; completed in 1852, by Bro. A. L. Cooper, appointed to the charge that year. NOTICE OF THE DEDICATION. Providence permitting, the newly-repair- ed Methodist meeting-house at Cabot will be dedicated to the service of God "on Tuesday, December 14, services com- mencing at II o'clock A. M. Sermon by Rev. J. Currier. Brethren in the ministry and others in the vicinity are invited to attend. A. L. Cooper. December 2, 1852. Joseph Lance was the leading man in rebuilding the church. To his public spirit the society are indebted for the very nice and commodious church they now own. Building committee of the church : Jos. Lance, Paul Dean, John Clark. The parsonage, commenced, 1853, Allen Perry, Jerry Atkins, Rob. Lance, committee. Jo- VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. seph Lance gave the lot for the parsonage, besides his share in the building, and Mr. Perry bore the whole committee burden. From '53 to '73 nothing very marked oc- curred ; the church just holding its own and sometimes going down to low-water mark, with the exception of the time. Bro. King labored here. During the charge of Bro'. W. H. Wight, 1872, new interest was manifested. In his third quar- terly report we find ' ' we have repaired and beautified our church ; painted, frescoed, carpeted throughout ; carpet cost $200, paid by subscription ; cliandelier $50, paid by another subscription, raised by Harry Whittier, a lad of 14 or 15 ; finishing and frescoing to be paid by tax^on the pews. The brethren have been equally ready to share in the responsibilities. Among those foremost in the work are Bros. Allen Perry, Theron H. Lance, William S. At- kins. In report, Oct. 24, 1874: " Our people have been surprised with the gift of a fine bell, cost between $400 and $500, from Bro. Paul Dean, and Sister Jeremiah Atkins. The church desire to record here their appreciation of this timely gift, and will ever pray that the blessing of God may rest on the donors." In the same report : " We have nearly finished a neat vestry, cost about $500 ; subscriptions nearly pledged ; we shall have it free from debt. We wish to make favorable mention of the labors of Sister Julia Hopkins, whose un- tiring efforts in soliciting subscription for this work has been so abundantly blessed." John Clark died, Feb. 17, 1874, and left to the society $500, the interest to be used for Methodist preaching in Cabot. 1875, Sister Phebe Rogers, left the society $200, for the same purpose. Bro. Paul Dean also left the society $500. At the quar- terly conference, Jan. 16, 1881, the follow- ing resolutions were passed : 1st. Whereas God in his all-wise Prov- idence, has removed one of our number, Bro. Paul Dean, and although he has fallen in a good old age, yet, we feel the loss to us none the less, as regards the church he loved. He was ever hopeful, firm in pur- pose, wise in council and liberal in .support. He fully adopted these beautiful lines : For lier my tears shall fall. For lier my prayers ascend. To her my toil and care be given Till toil and care shall end. 2d. We deeply feel our loss in the vacant seat in our church, his absence in our consultations, and his kind, cheerful and helpful words. 3d. That we highly appreciate his lib- eral bequest for the benefit of the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and shall ever cherish in grateful remembrance and highly appreciate his liberal bequest for the benefit of the ministry of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church in this place. Or- dered that a copy of these resolutions be forwarded to Sister Dean. By order of the Board of Stewards, Church Tabor, Presiding Elder. C. M. Seabury, Secretary. The church has a membership of 102 members and 25 probationers. Most the probationers have joined during the past year. The congregations are larger than at any other time in the history of the church. The first organization of the Sabbath school was about 1820 or '21. The first school had one teacher for the whole school — Benjamin Derrel. Some years previous to this they had made it a practice of teaching the children from house to house. Mrs. Dr. Scott was, no doubt, the first one in town to be engaged in Sabbath school work, though it was not known by that name. The school has ^ever been so flourishing as to day. The largest average number in attendance has been reached during the past year. The present pastor is Robert Sanderson ; Sab- bath school superintendent, William S. Atkins, who has held the ofiice for oyer 15 years. Stewards of the church, Allen Perry, Alvah Elmer, William S. Atkins, D. Reed, M. Seabury, M. J. Stone, S. B. Blodgett, Palmer B. Ehner; organist, Harry P. Whittier ; chorister, Herman Osgood. The following pastors have been sta- tioned here since 1824: 1825, E. Ireson ; 1826, Sargent and Barker; 1827, Aspenwall and E. J. Scott; 1828, Foster and Peck; 1829, Demming and Page; 1830, Cass and Manning ; 1831, Cutler and Rust; 1832, Cutler and Noyes; 1833, Sweatland and Scott; 1834, Kellogg and Worcester ; 1835, Brown and Smith; 1836, Wells and Hill; 1837, Wells and CABOT. Farnham; 1838, L. Austin; 1839, C- Lis- combe ; 1840, James Smith; 1841 and '42, A.Gibson; 1843, H. Kendall ; 1844 and '45, Z. S. Haines ; 1846 and '47, P. Frost ; 1848, Swichel; 1849, W. W. Scott; 1850, S. Aldrich; 185 1, H. T. Jones; 1852 and '53, A. L. Cooper; 1854 and '55, D. Packer; 1856 and '57, D. S. Dexter; 1858 and '59, P. P. Ray; i860, E. Copeland ; 1861. C. Fales : 1862 and '63, F. E. King ; 1864 and '65, A. Hitchcock; 1866 and '67, D. Willis; 1868 and '69, L. Hill; 1870 and >i,J.W. Bemis; 1872, ""T}^ and '"j\, W. H. Wight; 1875, '76 and ^T], F. H. Roberts ; 1878 and 79, H. F. Forrest; 1880 and '81, R. San- derson. THE ADVENT CHURCH in this town dates from 1843, when a long series of meetings were held by Elder Ship- man. Till 1858, there was no organiza- tion, but meetings were held in different parts of the town, mainly at the West Hill and at Lower Cabot, where the church was organized Feb. 16, 1858; 40 members; Nathan Wheeler and Erasmus L. Burnap, deacons, and M. P. Wallace, scribe. Samuel W. Thurber was the first pastor, widely known in this vicinity as a wide- awake preacher, and one who to edify his hearers, did not spare his lungs. He was pastor for 6 years, since which the church has been supplied by ministers hired from year to year, among whom were Rev. H. Canfield, Rev. George Child, Rev. Alonzo Hoyt and Rev. Nathan Wheeler. Their meeting-house was built in 1857, mainly through the efforts and means of Dr. M. P. Wallace, and dedicated January, 1858 ; sermon by- Rev. J. V. Himes, of Boston, who continued to hold meetings for the next 4 weeks. He was a pleasant speaker, thoroughly engaged in his labor. The house was crowded at nearly every meet- ing. The other churches all joined in the work, and a deep religious interest moved the whole town, and after the close of his labors, meetings were held at different lo- calities. It was called the most general awakening that had pervaded the town since 1826, and about 150 converts were added to the different churches, many of whom have proved strong helps to the churches to which they belong. For the past few years thisAphurch has suffered greatly from deaths and removals, and at present they have preaching but one-half the time. The Sabbath-school was organized be- fore the church, and has always been kept up ; the largest number enrolled, about 50. They have the largest library of any Sab- bath-school in town — 400 volumes, and when the church has had regular preach- ing each Sabbath, there has been a good degree of interest manifested in the school. PHYSICIANS have been, and are now, well represented in this town ; men who have stood well in their profession. Dr. Gershom Beardsley came among the very early settlers, as early as 1790. The physicians have been in the order of their nalnes : Gershom Beardsley, Perley Scott, Dyer Bill, Dr. Haines, Leonard Morgan, Dr. Pratt, Z. G. Pangborn, M. P. Wallace, D. G. Hubbard, John Doe, Dan. Newcomb, D. M. Goodwin, S. L. Wiswall, J. A. Thompson, Fred Gale, Dr. Warren. Our present physicians areDrs. Wallace and Wiswall, Gale and Warren. Dr. M. P. Wallace graduated at Han- over Medical College, 1842, and com- menced practice in this town in 1843 — he has retired from general practice, but is often called in council. Dr. S. L. Wiswall graduated at Wood- stock Medical School, and after practicing in the towns of Wolcott and Hydepark, came to this town in 1862, as successor to Dr. Newcomb. He is a well-read physi- cian, and held in much esteem by the pro- fession. When "Dr. Bill" was the only prac- titioner in town, located on the Plain, a man broke his thumb. The doctor and all the neighbors decided that amputation was necessary. The Doctor had no instru- ments, but they found a chisel they thought if ground up to an edge might answer. The chisel was ground, the man laid his hand on a block, the Doctor took the VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. chisel and hammer, and in a minute the amputation was done. EPID^ICS. Probably the worst years of sickness this town ever saw were 1813 and '14, when the spotted fever raged to an alarm- ing extent, nearly every family in town having more or less sick ones, and in some portions of the town there were not well ones enough to care for the sick. Not un- frequently, a person would die with none but the members of their own family pres- ent. The old tomb-stones show a great number of deaths that year. Deacon Clement Coburn died of the spotted fever. He was one of the pillars of the Congregational church in his town. He lived but a very short time after he was taken. No one taken with this epidemic expected to live, it was so fatal and violent in the first seizure of its victims. Says the venerable Rev. Mr. Stone, of Montpelier : Deacon Stone called to see him as soon as he learned he was sick, to minister to any want and to pray with him. When he must leave that afternoon. Deacon Stone was much affected at parting with Dea. Coburn ; he l:kad been a good and fellow- laborer by his side in the house of worship, and he never expected to see him alive again, but Dea. Coburn, in the midst of his sufferings, bade him good-bye very calmly, triumphantly adding : " iMy soul shall pray Tor Zioii still. While life aiiU breath remains! " These were his last words to Deacon Stone, to which Dea. Stone often after al- luded when speaking of Dea. Coburn or of that calamitous period. No other epidemic prevailed till 1841, when the canker-rash, in its most malig- nant form, carried ofif a great many chil- dren. 1843 and '44 are remembered as the terrible years of erysipelas. The toll- ing of the bell saluted the ear, and the mournful procession greeted the eye, al- most daily. 1862 and '63 were sad years to many families, from the ravages of diphtheria. Native Clergymen. — Congregational, John F. Stone, Levi H. Stone, James P. Stone, Harvey M. Stone, alL brothers; William Scales, Ebenezer Smith ; Chris- tians, Leonard Wheeler, Nathan Wheeler, brothers ; Methodists, Zerah Colburn, Augustin Hopkins. Lawyers. — Theron Howard, J. S. Mar- ston, Harlow P. Smith, George W. Stone, John McLean, T. P. Fuller and J. P. Lam- son, the present lawyer of the town ; took his academical course at Johnson, Vt. ; read law with the late Hon. Thomas Gleed, of Morris ville ; came to this town, and commenced practice August, i860, during which time he has built up a large prac- tice, and is one of the leading attorneys in this section. College Graduates. — Oscar F. Dana, William Edgerton, William Scales, Eleazer J. Marsh, Charles C. Webster, Charles F, Stone. local literature. We have not wasted much printer's ink. I find but two Cabot publications, a pamph- let by Rev. Henry Jones, in 1826, that is entitled "An Exposure of Free-Masonry," and another pamphlet, written by Israel Cutting, giving an account of a law-suit between himself and Orlando Carter. A large number of newspapers are taken here, and local items are well contributed. Several libraries have been purchased for the town, but after a few years were scat- tered, and at present there is no public or circulating library in town. MASONIC. gkep;n mountain lodge, ciiaktehed 186). Charter Members — A. F. Sprague, B. J. Lance, G. M. Webster, W. W. Lyford, Rufus Adams, John M. Fisher, N. B. Rogers, William H. Fletcher, G. W. Clark, Edwin Fisher, A. M. Ruggles, E. C. Smith. First Officers of the Lodge — Rufus Ad- ams, W. M. ; J. M. Fisher, S. W. ; A. F. Sprague, J. W. ; B. J. Lance, Treasurer; Edwin Fisher, Secretary ; W. H. Fletcher, S. D. ; Joseph Dow, J. D. ; G. M. Web- ster, Nathaniel Perry, Stewards; N. B. Rogers, Tyler. Present Officers— G. E. Forbes, W. M. ; A. E. Dutton, S. W. ; N. B. Rogers, J. CABOT. 103 W. ; A. T. Durant, Treasurer; Hiram Wells, Secretary ; J. G. Pike, S. D. ; C. C. Eastman, J. D. ; W. W. Buchanan, George Gould, Stewards ; Charles French, Chaplain; T. O. Parker, Marshall; T. H. Lance, Tyler. Highest membership reached, 104. TOWN CLERKS 1 788 — 1 88 1. Maj. Lyman Hitchcock, first town clerk, held the office from 1788 to 1795, when he removed from town ; Dr. Horace Beards- ley, 1795 ; Thomas Osgood, 1796 to 1821, then in 1823 to 1832, with the exception of 1822, when Joseph Fisher held the office, an unbroken term of 36 years, when on account of the infirmities of age, his son Thomas Osgood, Jr., was elected in his place and served till 1858, a term of 26 years, when from consumption, he had to resign and soon after died, and Allen Perry was clerk to 1874 ; Lucas Herrick to 1875 ; Allen Perry re-elected in 1875 ! has held the office since, making 6 town clerks in 93 years. The records were kept in a clear, plain hand and are all remarkably well preserved, even the first unbound rec- ord, which is well stitched together on the back, and is an interesting town relic. SELECTMEN. Lieut. Jonathan Heath, 1788; Lieut. Thomas Lyford, 1788, '91, '92, 1843, '44; David Blanchard, 1788, '89, '90, '94; Ed- ward Chapman, 1789, '90; Benjamin Web- ster, 1790; Samuel Danforth, 1791, '92 '93; Lyman Hitchcock, 1791, '92, '93; Capt. James Morse, 1793, '94; Jacob Gil- man, 1794; Fifield Lyford, 1795, '96, '98, 1801 ; Samuel Warner, 1795, '96; Joseph Fisher, 1797, '98 '99, 1800, '3, '4, '5, '6, '7, '8, '10, '11, '12, '13, '14, '15, '16, '17, '18, '19, '21, '22, '25, '26, '32^ '34; JohnWhich- er, 1797; Reuben Atkins, 1799, 1800; Oliver Walbridge, 1799, 1800, 'i ; Clement Coburn, 1801 ; Perley Scott, 1801, '2, '22, '23; John Edgerton, 1801 ; Moses Stone, 1802, '7; Matthias Stone, 1803, '4, '5, '6, '9' '32, '33; Enoch Hoyt, 1803, '4, '5, '50, '52, 'S3, '54, '68; John Damon, 1806, '10, 'II, '12, '13, '15, '18, '19, '20, '39, '40, '49, '50, '51 ; John W. Dana, 1807, '8, '9, '13, '16 to '22, '25 to '32, in all 16 years ; Jo- seph Blanchard, 1808,^9; Joseph Coburn, 1810; Leonard Orcutt, 1812, '21 to '31, ''33 to ''27, '43 to '46, 18 years in all ; John Stone, 1814, '16, '17; David Haines, 1815, '27, '28, '38 ; Anthony Perry, 1820; Eben- ezer Smith, 1823, '39, '41 ; Nathan Wheel- er, 1824; Tristam C. Hoyt, 1829, '31, '32; Hugh Wilson, 1830, '31, '42 ; Caleb Fisher, 1832, '41, '42, '43 to '48, '54, 62, '63, II years; Jeremiah Atkins, 1835, '36, '40,^52, '53; William Lance, 1835, '45; JohnA. Adams, 1836,^37, '38 ; Alpha Web- ster, 1837, '38, '49; Milton Fisher, 1837, '59, '60; Stephen Hoyt, 1840,^58, '59 ; Oli- ver C. Warner, 1841 ; Timothy P. Fuller, 1842 ; Daniel Gould, 1846, '47, '53 ; Jacob Way, 1846, '47 '48 ; M. O. Fisher, 1848, '49, '52 ; Jewett Walbridge, 1848, '56, '57 ; Jos. Lance, 1849; Paul Dean, 1850, '51 ; Geo. W. Stone, 1851 ; George H. Paige, 1854, '55; M. P. Wallace, 1855, '64, ^66, '67, '68, '78, '79, '80; Rufus Adams, 1855; Allen Perry, 1856, '57; John Clark, 1858; Peter Lyford, 1858; Joseph Hoyt, i860, '61 ; Robert Lance, i860; S. W. Osgood, 1861, '63, '65 ; B. F. Scott, 1861, '62, '64; James Atkins, 1862, '63; B. W. Marsh, 1864; John H. Damon, 1865 ; N. K. Ab- bott, 1865; C. M. Seabury, 1866; Orson Kimball, 1866, '69, '70; E. D.Putnam, 1867; William P. Whittier, 1867, '68, '71, '74; George W. Payne, 1869, '70, '72; Lucius Herrick, 1870, '71, '72, '75, '76, ^77, '78; Roland B. Bruce, 1871 ; N. K. Ab- bott, 1872, '7;i; E. T. Hopkins, 1873, '74, 76, ^77 ; C. C. Perry, 1873 ; Roswell Laird, 1874, '75, '76, '77; S. L. Wiswall, 1878, '80 ; George L. Paige, 1879 ; George Gould, 1879, '81; Bemis Pike, 1880; Hiram Wells, 1881; Charles M. Fisher, i88r. In 1831, five selectmen were elected and served. TOWN TREASURERS. At the first town meeting in 1788, no treasurer was elected. Major Lyman Hitch- cock, the first elected. Mar. 9, 1789, held the office to Mar. 1792; then Lt. Thomas Lyford from 1782 to '94 ; Thomas Osgood, 1794 to '95, '97 to 1 82 1, '22 to '39 — 42 years ; Jacob Garland, 1795 to '97 ; Joseph Fisher, 1821 to '22; Marcus O. Fisher 104 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. from 1839 to '41 ; Thomas Osgood, Jr., from 1841 to '48, and 1850 to '58; Henry Russell, from 1848 to '50; Allen Perry, from 1858 to '72, from ""jt, to '74; John A. Farrington, from 1872 to '73 ; Milton Fisher from 1874 to the present, 1S81. REPRESENTATIVES. In this department of town officers the record does not commence until 1795. From tradition we learn Lieut. Thomas Lyford was town representative in 1791, but for some reason did not attend the Legislature. Sept. 1792, James Morse, Esq., was elected, and after his election, his wife spun the flax and made the cloth from which he had a pair of new " trousers" to wear to the Legislature, which met at Rutland, Oct. 11. The day before he was to start, he killed a Iamb, and his wife cooked " lunching" to last him through his journey. With his new trousers on, and his pack on his shoulders, he made his way by marked trees a large portion of the way to Rutland and back on foot. The session lasted 26 days. It is said he was an inveterate smoker, and that some wag drew his picture on the fence with his pipe in his mouth and pack on his back, and over it in large letters, " Going to Rut- land ! " It being put on with red chalk, remained on the fence for a number of years. Sept. 1795, the inhabitants were notified to bring in their votes at the school-house on the Hazen road, for representative, and also for governor, lieut. governor, treasurer and councillors. Samuel Warner was elected representa- tive, and Thomas Chittenden had 18 votes for governor ; Isaac Tichenor had 5 ; Paul Brigham had 16 votes for lieut. governor; Samuel Mattocks had 12 votes for treas- urer. Political feeling had begun to spring up in town ; 5 persons had allied them- selves with the Federal party. The Leg- islature this year met at Windsor, with a session of 20 days. Samuel Warner was representative in 1796, '97 ; Horace Beards- ley, 1798-1800; Joseph Fisher, 1799-1801 -'S-'9-'ii-''i2- 14; John W. Dana, 1804- '7-'i8-'i9-'2o-'36; Perley Scott, 1806; John Uamon, 1808, '13; David Haines, i8is-''i6-'i7; Enoch Hoyt, 1821 ; Jere- miah Babcock, i822-''23- 24- 25-''26-'27- -'28-'29; Anthony Perry, i829-'3o- 31 ; Nathan Wheeler, i832-''33-''34; Oliver A. Warner, i835-'36; Jeremiah Atkins, 1837 -'38 ; Robert Lance, 1839-40 ; Alpha Web- ster, 1841-42; Salem Goodenough, 1844; Allen Perry, 1846-^47 ; Thomas Lyford, 1848-49; Daniel Gould, 1850-51; John McLean, 1.853-54; Matthew P. Wallace, 1855-56; Benjamin F. Scott, 1857-58; Roswell Farr, 1859-60; Ouinton Cook, 1861-62 ; Edwin Fisher, i863-''64 ; Valorus W. Hale, i866-'68; George W. Pame, i869;Theron H. Lance, i87o-'72; Na- thaniel K. Abbott, 1874; George M. Web- ster, 1876; True A. Town, 1878; George Gould, 1880. OVERSEERS OF THE POOR. The first overseer of the poor elected was Daniel Smith, in 1822; in '1824, "Voted not to elect an overseer of the poor." There is no record of any other election till 1831, when John Damon was elected to s'd office. It appears from the records that from that time the selectmen of the town had the charge of the poor until 1838, when Oliver A. Warner was elected, and held i year. Then Ebenezer Smith was overseer from 1839 to '40; Jer- emiah Atkins, 1840 to '41 ; Caleb Fisher, '41 to '42; Marcus O. Fisher, '42 to '43; Erasmus L. Burnap, '43 to '44; Jacob Way, '44 to '45 ; Benjamin F. Scott, '45 to '49 ; selectmen, '49 to '50 ; Milton Fisher, '50 to '56, '60 to '61 , '64 to '65 ; Jewett Wal- bridge, '56 to '58 ; George Rogers, '58 to '60 ; Nathaniel Coburn, '61 to '64; Cor- nelius Smith, '65 to '66; Anson Coburn, '66 to 'Gj ; Israel Smith, '67 to '69; Ros- well Laird, '69 to '70; George H. Paige. '70 to '72 ; Thomas Lyford, '72 to '73 ; Charles M. Fisher, '73 to '82. Twenty-one persons have served the town as over- seers of the poor, and no duty devolves on a civilized and Christian community so sacred and imperative as the proper care and support of those who cannot take care of themselves. CABOT. 105 The common course of this town until 1849 was to dispose of the town's poor to those who would agree to keep them for the least money, and by this means tiiey too often fell into the hands of unfit per- sons, as those who took them intended to make a profit out of it. Awakened to a sense of the impropriety, not to say the in- humanity, of such a course, the town in 1848 voted to elect a committee to pur- chase a poor-farm and stock for it, and to use so much of the surplus fund as was necessary for such a purchase ; Joseph Lance, Jacob Way, Joseph Hoyt, were the committee. At the next March meeting the committee reported they had pur- chased the present town farm for $1310, stock, tools, etc., for $637.89. In 1855 a commodious house was built. The town has since been generally fortunate in its agents to take charge of the farm. It is now managed by John Thomas and wife, who spare no pains for the comfort of the inmates. As a general thing the town has been very fortunate, too, as to its iiumber of paupers ; perhaps as much so as any town in the State. We have at present 6 boarders at town farm ; 3 at the Insane Asylum at Brattleboro, and 2 paupers away from the farm. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. James Morse, the first justice in the town, received his appointment in 1792; Lyman Hitchcock was the next; in 1795, Thomas Osgood ; in 1796, Samuel Warner ; and from this time the number increased, each representative thinking he must ap- point a good share of his constituents until 1823, when a resolution was passed by the town setting forth that so large a number tended to lessen the dignity attachecf to the office, and as a consequence, none of them would fit themselves for the position as they should. Therefore, they requested the Legislature not to appoint more than 4 justices for the town, and that 6 was enough for any town. For a few years this request was complied with, but grad- ually we began to return to the old custom, and in 1840, 13 justices were appointed by the representative, viz. : Leonard Orcutt, Marcus O. Fisher, Anthony Perry, John Damon, Thomas Osgood, Jr., Alpha Web- ster, Wm. Hoit, John R. Putnam, Roswell Farr, Jas. M. Harris, Jerry Atkins, O. A. Warner, Joseph Preston, and the number some, years would go much higher than this, even as high as 25. It run in this way until 1850, when the number was fixed by law at 7 for this town, when Thomas Osgood, Alpha Webster, M. P. Wallace, J. R. Putnam, M. O. Fisher, Wm. E. Waldo, John A. Adams, were elected. This same board were continued in office while they lived, as a general thing. When there was a vacancy, a younger man was elected to fill the place. M. P. Wallace is the only one living of the first board elected by the people. The present board, 1881, are M. P. Wallace, T. H. Lance, J. M. Fisher, N. K. Abbott, R. B. Bruce, G. W. Paine, Bemis Pike. COUNTY OFFICERS. » Assistant Judges of Caledonia Cowity Court. — Hon. John W. Dana; Hon. Mar- cus O. Fisher, 1836 to '39, High Sheriff.— ]o&. Preston, 1844, '45. State Senators. — Hon. John McLean, 1849, '5°; Hon. George H. Page, 1852 to '55 ; Hon. E. D. Putnam, 1858, '59; Hon. M. P. Wallace, 1864. State's Attorney. — J. P. Lamson, Esq., 1866 to '68. County Commissioner. — J. M. Fisher, 1875 to ''T]. Population by Census. — 1791, 122; 1800, 349; 1810, 886; 1820, 1032; 1830, 1304; 1840, 1440; 1850, 1356; i860, 1315; 1870, 1279. 3 suicides in town ; 4 persons drowned ; no murder. A man by the name of Doloff broke into Dana's store, stole a gun, a bar of iron and all the rum he could drink ; got so di-unk he could not get away ; he was sent to prison and died there. CABOT'S bear STORY. [From a sketch of the olden time so choicely written we would be better pleased had we room to give the whole. — Ed.] Two humble log-cabins in the heart of the great wilderness was the beginning of the town of Cabot; for miles in every 14 io6 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. direction there were no signs of civiliza- tion ; but there on West Hill, where David Lyford and his neighbor Blanchard had builttheir rude dwellings. Mr. Blanchard"s family was himself, his wife and 2 children, David Lyford's, himself and his wife Ju- dith. The Lyford and Blanchard cabins stood not more than 30 rods apart, facing each other, on opposite sides of a swamp, through which a narrow foot-path led from one to the other. At the end of each cabin, partly in the rear, was also a barn, built of logs. It was the third birth-day of this settle- ment ; each had cleared away several acres from around his buildings, and earned suf- ficient for the subsistence of his family. Both had been fortunate and had suffered no losses but some slight damage to their crops of corn by the bears. The men oft^n saw them in the woods, and it was no uncommon experience for the two to go out hunting in company, and return in an hour with a dead bear slung between them, and fresh bear-tracks would be seen every morning at some seasons of the year about the house and barn. But our men were inured to peril and toil by early train- ing ; and their wives were not a whit infe- rior to them. One drizzly day in August, just after David Lyford and his wife had finished their dinner of hasty-pudding and milk, Mrs. Lyford laid her wooden spoon back into the squash-shell bowl, and said : "What are you going to do this after- noon, David ?" " I was thinking of going to work in the burnt piece." "It's too wet for that; why not break the flax? I will hatchel it, and then I can go on with my spinning. " Well, perhaps that is best. These old clothes are almost gone, and I must have some new ones ;" and David rose from the table and went out. His wife cleared away the dishes, and was soon ready. It was last year's flax ; had been ' ' rotted " during the winter and spring, gathered up, tied in bundles and laid away in the barn till David could find time to break it. David went to the barn to " unlumber" his flax-break. The sun came out ; so he ' carried the " break " to the corner of the house, and brought a bundle of flax from the barn. The " break" was a sort of wooden mal- let, on a long wooden frame, or " horse." The long, thin, parallel handles of the mallet were pivoted into the end of the frame, and when the machine was at rest, these blade-like " handles" lay lapped be- tween other blades, which were set edge upward firmly along the top of the frame. When the machine was at work, the two sets of wooden blades played upon each other with every lift and fall of the mallet, very much like the opposite edges of a pair of very large and very dull shears. Every stalk of flax that was caught be- tween, had its back effectually broken, and was rendered very limp and soft. Taking a wisp of flax in his left hand, the farmer thrust it into the break, and with his right, brought down the mallet with heavy thumps. By the time his wife had brought the hatchel from neighbor Blanchard's, David had cjuite a pile of broken flax. David fastened the hatchel on a stump, within a few feet of where he was at work, and Judith, seizing a quantity of broken flax, laid it over the end of an upright board, and with a long wooden knife ot swingle, beat the fibers, to clear away the greater part of the bark and " sliver," and the swingling finished, she began to hatchel the flax. Holding a hand- ful firmly by one end, raising and striking the other end down on the long, glittering teeth of the hatchel, drawing the flax towards her, to comb out the rest of the woody particles, leaving only the soft, yellow-tinted flax ready for tlie spinning- wheel. I can fancy just how the worthy couple looked, in their old-time habiliments, as they stood there bare-headed, in front of their cottage of logs — he plying the break with steady stroke ; she striking the flax down, and drawing it througli the long teeth of the hatchel, preparing the raw linen for the wheel and loom. Hour after hour they continued their work, as cheer- CABOT. 107 fully as if theirs was the happiest lot in the world. Suddenly David spoke out, " Harlv ! what is that ? " " I did not hear anything ; what did you think you heard ? " " I thought I heard a bear right here in the swamp," said he, pointing down the path that lead to Blanchard''s. "I guess not," replied his wife, after they had listened a minute or two and heard nothing. "I don't think a bear would come so near in the daytime." "Well, perhaps I was mistaken," replied David ; and the two went on with their work. More than half the afternoon was gone when they finished the flax. Mrs. Lyford carried it into the house and laid it away until she could spin it, and leaving the plank-door of the house wide open went out where David was. " While you are putting the breaks away," she said, " I will carry the hatchel home ;" and started across the swamp, singing as she went. Mrs. Lyrord was a strjong, and very ac- tive woman, and always in good spirits. As soon as she returned the hatchel she turned back through the swamp home. The swamp was really a bit of forest ; large trees and the bushes on either side of the narrow foot-path were very thick. About half way home, passing a short bend in the path, she found herself within arm's length of a cub-bear, weighing per- haps 15 or 20 pounds. At the same mo- ment, through the bushes, she caught a glimpse of the old bear and another cub not 3 rods distant. Most women would have run, but the sight of a bear, or even two bears, more or less, had no such effect upon Jndith Lyford. Not in the least intimidated, and obeying a kind of defiant impulse, she snatched up the cub by the hmd legs and run. The cub squealed, and began to scratch and bite so vigorously, she swung him into her stout tow apron ; but without stopping, gathered both arms around him, and kept on at her utmost speed. She heard the old bear crashing through the bushes behind her, and knew unless she dropped the cub, she would have to run a desperate race, but had no intention of giving up her game. The same impulse that had impelled her to seize the cub, im- pelled her to keep it ; and keep it she did. With almost superhuman speed she dashed along the path, conscious the furious beast behind was gaining on her every leap. She reached the house, darting through the open doorway, flung the cub from her arms, swung the plank door to, and drop- ped the leverwood bar into its socket, none too soon. Scarcely was the bar in place, when the enraged mother-bear threw her great weight against the door outside. But the door had been made for such an emergency,- and stood as a rock against all the brute's efforts. The cub, as soon as his captor dropped him, darted into a corner of the room, where he kept up his cries, rendering the old bear more frantic every moment. David had just put away his flax-break, and was coming out of the barn, when his wife approached the house, running her singular race. I imagine his astonishment as he caught a glimpse of her darting in at the door, with a fully-grown bear not a rod behind her. Dropping the pitch-fork in his hand, he ran to the window behind the house. Quick though he was, Judith was there be- fore him, ready to pass the gun, always loaded for instant use. A moment later David was at the front corner of the house. The bear was so frantic to break through the door and reach her cub, she did not see David ; one well-directed shot laid her dead. The whole affair was over in scarcely five minutes between Judith's capture of the cub and David's shot that killed its dam at the door. The cub in the house soon shared the same fate, and David went to the swamp to find the other, but that had taken alarm and escaped. Mrs. Lyford lived many years afterward in the same neighborhood, long enough not only to see the wilderness disappear, but to raise a large family of children, to whom she often related her droll but dan- gerous adventure. The above particulars io8 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. were furnished me by one of her sons, who still lives in St. Johnsbury. David Lyford lived where Daniel Kim- ball now lives, and Blanchard where Caleb Noyes lives ; the swamp spoken of is the low land between the two places. Mrs. Lyford was the mother of the late Mrs. Stephen Hoyt. TEMPERANCE SOCIETIES. The first temperance societv was organ- ized in 1826, through the efforts of Rev. Henry Jones. It was rather conservative in its regulations and requirements of its members. Perhaps whisky having been used so long as a common beverage, it was thought best not to break off too short on the start; not to stop too sudden, as the reaction might be hurtful. It was not a total abstinence society, but simply required of its members to keep an account of the number of times they drank during the month, and report at the next monthly meeting. This society kept up its organization 5 years. In 1 83 1 a total abstinence society was organized. No records of this society are to be found. In 1842, Feb. 16, a society was formed at Lower Cabot, of which a record was kept: Benj. F. Scott, president ; James M. Harris, vice president ; John McLean, secretary; M. P. Wallace, Eben Smith, Jr., A. T. Gibson, committee. The pledge was iron clad, guarded at every point, and it took a wide scope, and persons signed the pledge from every part of the town. Meetings were held in nearly every school- house in town, and the records show they were very interesting; membership, 196; and yet, after a few months it appears to have lost somewhat of its salt ; towards the last record the secretary closes up with the doleful exclamation, " Meeting thinly attended. Alas, poor Yorick! alas! Are the people all drunk ? " Since this there have been different tem- perance organizations in town, but at present the work is prin'cipally looked after by the Good Templars, of which we have a full history, written by one of the members. THE GOOD templars' LODGE was organized in Cabot, Aug. 1864, with Rev. S. F. Drew, pastor of the Congrega- tional church, as its presiding officer, and 19 charter members ; first officers : S. F. Drew, W. C. T. ; Mrs. Edwin Fisher, W. V. T. ; Wm. Atkins, W. S. ; Miss Lucy Ray, W. A. S. ; Wm. Gould ; W. F. S. ; Mrs. O. L. Hoyt, W. A. M. ; Moses. Haines, W. C. ; Miss Olive Stone, W. I. G. ; R. A. G^nn, W. O. G. ; Miss Abbie Hoyt, W. R. H. S. ; Miss Levina Gould, W. L. H. S.; O. L. Hoyt, P. W. C. T. ; William Atkins, L. D. The other first members were F. G. Hoyt, Allen Walbridge, N. J. Mason and George Dow. The first 3 meetings were held at the vil- lage hall ; the next 6 with Mrs. Roxana Hoyt, at the Lower village ; then the Ma- sonic hall was rented 2 years, and after, the hall of Mr. John Brown for 5 years, which is still used. In 1866, the Lodge chamber was hand- somely fitted up, and furnished with a good organ, and everything spoke a deep interest in the temperance work. Among those who early interested themselves in this work were the families of Rev. S. F. Drew, Wm. Atkins, Dea. Hoyt, Cornelius Smith, Rev. Alson Scott, Edwin Fisher, B. W. Mansh, O. L. Hoyt, Geo. Gould, Chester Walker, Wm. Abbott, J. W. Far- rington and wife. Dr. L. S, Wiswall, Henry and Isaac Hills, Dea. Edward Haines, Luke and Ira Fisher, Wm. Fletcher, Rev. P. N. Granger, Mrs. Allen Perry, Mrs. Enoch Putnam, Mrs. Swan, many of the members of the families of Horace Haines, Dea. N. K. Abbott, Daniel Gould, Frederick McDuffee, etc., besides many other families and individuals in town and in the surrounding towns, and special mention should be made of the untiring zeal of Wm. Gould, who went out from us; entered the "legal profession"; now resides in California ; for his name not only stands high among the members of the " bar," but he has done, and is yet doing, a good work in the temperance reform in that State. His wife is also Right Worthy Grand Vice Templar of the world. CABOT. 109 Only 27 deaths have occurred during these 17 years, strengthening the old adage, "cold water brings health as well as wealth." At the decease of Ira Fisher, he left the Lodge $400, the interest of which was to be used by them as long as they held their charter ; but should they at any time sur- render this, the fund should go to the Congregational church of this place, of which he was a constant attendant. The old members went, and new ones came in to take their places. None of the charter members are left now, '81, but the Lodge exists, and has never failed to hold its meetings regularly every week. The present olificers are : Rev. R. Sanderson, W. C. T. ; Mrs. Hiram Wells, W. V. T. ; Miss Sadie Willie, W. S. ; Miss Mattie Haines, W. A. S. ; Murtin Wells, W. F. S. ; Miss Minnie Haines, W. T. ; Hermon Rogers, W. M. ; Miss Belle Paquin, W. D. M.; Henry Hills, W. C. ; Miss Etta Gerry, W. I. G. ; Wavie Town, W. O. G. Mrs. Henry Hills, W. R. H. S. ; Mrs. Wm. Buchanan, W. L. H. S. ; Mrs. P. Gurney, P. W. C. T. ; Henry Hills, L. D. We know much good is being done by this or- ganization throughout the world, and we believe otir Lodge has done its part in the great work. NATHANIEL WEBSTER. Quite a lengthy and very interesting genealogical local record of this venerable pioneer and family has been received from Hon. Charles C. Webster of Redwing, Minn., his grandson, and a former resi- dent of this town, which we regret we have not space to publish ; but will make some extract from it. Mention has been made of Mr. W. in the former part of these papers. He was born 1753, in ©Id Chester, N. H. Served several years in the Revolu- tionary army and was a pensioner at the time of his death. He was married to Mehitable Smith of Holderne.ss, N. H. At the close of the war, they removed to Newbury, Vt., where they resided a few years, and in 1784, came to the Plain, where his father had purchased quite a tract of land, and began as before stated. In March, he made preparation for his 50- mile journey into the wilderness. It took but a short time — his effects were few ; his vehicle for travel a hand-sled ; they had 5 children, upon the back-end of this sled ; he extemporized a cover and beneath it he placed two of his children too young to travel on foot. Abel, a lad 9 years of age, had to assist his father in propelling the sled, which he did with a pointed stick, pushing behind, while Lydia, a little girl, traveled along with her mother on foot, who carried her youngest child, an infant, in her arms. In this way did the young father and his wife pursue their way to the distant forest settlement. They arrived safely and found shelter under the roof of Benjamin Webster, at first, who had set- tled here a year previous. Nathaniel com- menced clearing and got his cabin ready in the fall. In due course of time, 7 chil- dren were added to their household, mak- ing 12 in all. Alpha, (the father of Charles C.,) was the youngest, who was a long time a resident of this town, and removed to Minneapolis, Minn., in 1868, to reside near his children who had settled there. He died September, 1874, aged 75 years. Mrs. Vance, who formerly lived in this town, but now in Boston, aged 90 years, is the only surviving child of this large family. Nathaniel Webster always lived on the same farm where he com- menced in town. He died in 1836, aged 83. His wife survived him many years, retaining her faculties to a wonderful de- gree. She died about 1858, aged 99 years, and from her the year before her death, the writer of this history got many items which have been of great benefit in com- piling the history of the town. LIEUT. FIFIELD LYFORD was born in Exeter, N. H., 1763. At the age of 13 he entered the army of the Rev- olution as a servant to his father, Lieut. Thomas Lyford, and served with him one year at Ticonderoga. He left his father and went to West Point, and served as one of the life-guard of Gen. Arnold till he proved a traitor to his country, and after VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. that he remained in the army till the close of the Revolution. While with Arnold, he saw him beat a sick soldier over the head and shoulders with his cane with such severity as to break it. Arnold then threw the pieces into the ditch. Lyford secured the head of the eane, and used it on his own staff as long as he lived. The cane is now in the possession of his daughter, Celinda Lyford, at Lower Cabot. He served as a lieutenant in the war of 1812 ; was honor- ably discharged, and received a pension during his life. He married and came to this town in 1788, and settled on the farm where Wm. Barr now lives, and built there the first framed barn in town ; he died in this town, at the residence of his son-in-law, T. E. Wilson, April 18, 1846, aged 79 years. DR. PARLEY SCOTT, born in Worcester County, Mass., July, 1765; pursued an academical course at Leicester Academy, read medicine in the same town ; married Lydia Day about 1790, and moved to Craftsbury Common, where he commenced the practice of med- icine. He came to Cabot Plain in 1794, and in 1804, to the village, and continued the practice of his profession. 8 children were born to them ; but one of this large family is now living, George W. Scott, Esq., of Montpelier. Dr. Scott practiced his profession more than 50 years in this and adjoining towns successfully, answer- ing all calls alike to rich and poor. During all his long practice his rides were on horse-back ; but he was never too much exhausted to answer a call. He died in 1850, aged 84 years; his wife died before him, aged 83. JOSEPH FISHER, ESQ., was born at Dedham, Mass., 1767. He was a lad when the British occupied Boston, and remembered distinctly the battle of Bunker Hill. When he arrived at his majority he came to Claremont, N. IL, and married Sarah O.sgood, and came to this town and commenced on the farm now owned and occupied by his grand-son, Luke C. Fisher. He built his . first cabin on the site of the present house. The first night they stayed in their new residence the snow blew 'down the large stone chimney so that in the morning it was 6 inches deep between their bunk and the fireplace. To them were born 4 sons and 3 daughters, all of whom, but one, lived to advanced age, and two of whom now survive — Caleb, 81 years old ; Milton, 74 years old ; and they have always lived in town, enjoying the confidence of their townsmen, as the numerous , offices to which they have been called to fill testify. Joseph Fisher was a public-spirited man, and held many offices, as will be seen by the tables of town officers in this pajjer. He died in 1853, aged 87 years. His wife preceded him in 1839, aged 70 years. ELIHU COBURN, BY HON. JOSEPH POLAND, was born at Charlton, Mass., 1773; .son of Clement Coburn and Dorothy Ed- wards, of Oxford, Mass. His early educa- tion was confined to a few months' attend- ance at the common school, but his nat- ural ability enabled him in a great measure to surmount the defect, and become a man whose judgment and practical knowl- edge were thoroughly relied upon by his townsmen. In the summer of 1799, he came on horseback to Vermont. Passing through the forest, he reached a pretty valley among the hills, through which a little stream noiselessly found' its way. This spot he at once decided upon as his future home, and clearing here a small space, he erected a frame house, one of the first in the town. He remained until winter, when he returned to Massachusetts for his bride. He married Abigail Putnam, daugh- ter of Gideon Putnam, of Sutton, Mass., and in the middle of January the newly- wedded pair found their way through the forest by marked trees to the spot which v.'as to become their home and the home of their descendants. Six miles south lived their nearest neighbor in that direction, while Deacon Stone had erected a saw- mill and log cabin at what is now known as Lower Cabot. Mr. C. rapidly cleared CABOT. Ill his land, and converted the wilderness tract around him into verdant meadows. Four years after his arrival his parents fol- lowed him to Vermont, and a few years later her aged father and mother also came to them, notwithstanding their former ob- jections to their daughter's leaving them to go into the wilderness, to be massacred by Indians, or devoured by wild beasts. Here they lived until one by one the aged parents laid down the burden of life, their pathway down " the Valley" smoothed by the loving care of the children whom they had sought in their wilderness home. About 30 years they kept a'public house, known far and wide as " Farmer's Tavern," and most of the town business was trans- acted here. As a man there were few more respected, or indeed beloved, among his townsmen. He was noted for hospitality and great- hearted generosity, and whatever project he undertook, was pursued until accom- plished. He was an excellent friend, hus- band and father, and died at three-score and ten, regretted. His wife survived him about 6 years ; an amiable woman, of great energy and endurance, It was a strange coincidence, both died, apparently in perfect health, instantly, and without a struggle. Eight children were born to them : Harriet, in 1801 ; married James Atkins in 1823; died in 1827. Ruth, in 1803; mar- ried Dr. Dyer Bill, of Albany, Vt. ; died in 1880; left 5 sons. Hiram, in 1805; married Ruth Osgood, who died a few years after. He still lives upon the old homestead. Louisa, 1807 ; married Hon. Robert Harvey, of Barnet ; died in 1867; 4 children. Lewis, i8og; died in 1818. Frances Caroline, 1812; married ist, James K. Harvey, merchant, of Barnet. After his death, she married Dr. C. B. Chandler, then of Tunbridge, but after- wards of Montpelier. She died in 1874; a daughter survives her. Elihu F., born in 1815, resides on the old homestead; married, 1855, Amelia Walker, of Sher- brooke, P. O. ; 3 children by this mar- riage ; by a later, 2 sons. Abigail, 18 17, ma:ried Maj. Quinton Cook, of Cabot. They have one daughter living. COL. JOHN STONE, born at Claremont, N. H., Jan. 15, 1775, came to Cabot in 1797, and began clear- ing up a farm on the groimd now occupied by the Lower Village Cemetery ; then an unbroken wood from Cabot to Marshfield. He married in 1803, Betsey Huntoon, of Kingston, N. H. To them were born 7 sons and 3 daughters ; four of the sons are Congregational ministers. [See list of na- tive ministers.] In the military, Col. S. rose from a private to Colonel of the ist regiment, 3d brigade 4th division of the Vt. militia of the State, and was said to be one of the f3est commanders of the bri- gade. He died Feb. 20, 1856; his wife, Feb. 22. Both were buried in the same grave, on the spot where he first com- menced clearing their farm. HON. JOHN W. DANA. BY IIO.V. (). F. DANA. John W. Dana was born at Pomfret, Vt., 1777, and son of John W. Dana and Hannah, daughter of Maj. Gen. Israel Putnam of Revolutionary fame. His early education was a few weeks' attendance at the common school ; but his social stand- ing and natural parts were such as to ena- ble him to obtain in marriage the accom- plished daughter of the Rev. Mr. Damon of Woodstock. The newly wedded pair traveled northward in the spring of 1802, on horseback, following the Hazen road, hewn through the forests for military pur- poses, until they reached a wooded sum- mit which took the name of the Plain. Here a small settlement was gathered, in- cluding the doctor, the blacksmith and the trader. Here our young travelers paused, charmed with the location. It was a lovely spot then, just a few acres shorn of the heavy trees that swept like the waves of a broad sea, elsewhere, for miles around, above and below. Upon the shorn spot the sun came down, the heavy mantle of forest sheltered it from the wind. They had not found a place on their journey they liked so much, and here they deter- mined to make their home — probably for the remainder of life. Hopefully and heartily tliey commenced in this mountain VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. home. For a time all went satisfactorily. It wa.s all well at first, but as the forests were cut away, it soon became manifest that this cool, wind-swept summit must be abandoned as a winter residence, and so reluctantly, but one by one, the little com- munity dropped down into the security of what became known as Cabot Village. At the present day the view from the abandoned and silent Plain is very im- pressive, and one of exceeding loveliness, commanding as it does both the White and the Green Mountain ranges. It is safe to say, that nowhere in all New England is there a more beautiful panorama spread before the enraptured eye. The spot selected by Mr. Dana for his next residence was in a valley sheltered from winds by hills and forests and cooled by a rapid mountain torrent, whose waters, briefly arrested, spread out for a moment peacefully before his door, aud then plunged over a fall, whose ceaseless mur- mur swayed with every breeze. Here he passed the principal years of his life. He had a cheerful and active temperament, and was generous of himself in endeavors to promote the public welfare. Eighty years ago Cabot was well nigh one continuous wilderness. The first adven- turous settlers brought little more than stout hearts and a sharp axe. Little clear- ings were to be made, rude houses con- structed, roads and bridges built, and, withal, the church and the school must be kept going. There was plenty to do to keep one active, enough attainable to keep one hopeful. The inhabitants of the pres- ent day can scarcely realize what an intense community of interest bound together these early settlers, and how they worked together and gave the friendly grasp in mutual encouragement. It fell to Mr. Dana's part to become in some measure the medium of exchange in supplying the wants of life. He made long and tedious journeys to Boston, to bring back mer- chandise, and, as few had money, he re- ceived in exchange for his goods whatever the settlers could best spare. This led, in time, and as matters grew more pros- perous, to the collection by him of large 1 herds of cattle which were driven to mar- ket : in those days a great event. He con- tented himself with moderate gains, and though his opportunities were favorable he he did not seek unduly to amass wealth. These frequent journeyings, and his keen interest in the public welfare, kept him abreast of the times and, without his seek- ing it, he fell naturally into the position of a foremost man. His advice and as- sistance were frequently sought and his counsels were respected. He loved his townsmen and took delight in their grow- ing prosperity and advancement. He donated lands to beautify the village. He loved and observed nature and took pleas- ure in his surroundings. He reflected much upon the deep mysteries of existence and was fond of rational discourse ; but, if this was in a degree characteristic of Mr. Dana, it was far more so of his wife : a lady deeply imbued with spiritual aspi- rations and an abidiug sense of the beauty of holiness. While her husband some- times allowed himself to question and speculate upon religious dogmas, she had no doubts herself and was impatient of them in others. She held herself solemnly charged with the mission of caring for the moral interests of the community, and no devotee ever addressed herself to more constant watchfulness and prayer. Such as they were, the daily life and influence of this couple went forth into the little com- munity ; and that it was beneficent, is evi- denced by a tender regard for their memo- ries that lingered long after their departure ; a notable instance was that manifested by the late Joseph Lance, Esq., who, though he had purchased and paid for their home- stead, used to say that he could never divest himself of the feeling that it must still forever belong to them — so intensely had the subtle influence of their lives pen- etrated it. In 1830, the stage in which Mr. Dana was journeying to Boston was overturned and rolled 60 feet down an embankment. Two of his ribs were broken, and he was supposed to be mortally injured. From this shock, he never fully recovered, and for want of necessary attention his affairs CABOT. 113 fell into some confusion. Some of his daughters had married and gone to Wis- consin. He visited them in 1838: and in 1839, ^^^ removed thither with his whole family. The morning in which he finally left his old home, never to return, was made memorable by a pleasant incident. At daybreak, and while he was still asleep, a score or more of his old comrades, dressed in long, tow frocks, silently assem- bled in the village hall, and sent to request his presence. This touching manifestation of regard sensibly affected him, and ended in an abundance of tears as, one by one, the old men bade each other an eternal farewell . It only remains to be said, that in his new home, freed from care, his business affairs adjusted, he lived in the quiet en- joyment of the companionship of his wife and children, until, in 1850, he bade fare- well to all. His wife survived until 1872. LEONARD ORCUTT, ESQ., born at Stafford, Ct., 1779, came with his mother to Cabot when 18 years old. He married Sally Spear for his first wife ; for his 2d, Polly Bullock ; by his first wife 4 children, and 4 by his second ; 3 of the last died in early life of consumption. Esquire Orcutt held many offices of trust in the town, among which was the office of justice of the peace for over 40 years. For along time he was town agent, and assisted in all town law-suits, and when a witness, the lawyers never made but one effort to corner him. In the trial of a town case at Dan- ville (County Court) he was a witness. Hon. Wm. Mattocks was counsel against the town, and wished to prove that Esquire C. was deeply interested in the case on ac- count of holding town office. "Well, Esquire," said Mattocks, "you have held considerable town office in Cabot, haven't you?" "Yes-yes-I have some." "Well, sir, what office did you hold the year this affair took place?" The Esquire said, shutting his eyes and running his hands into his breeches pockets to his elbows, "Well, if I recollect right, I was highway surveyor that year." In after years Mat- tocks frequently related this case with a laugh, and said he was perfectly satisfied with this witness. He died in 1855, aged 75, highly respected by all the community. DEACON JAMES MARSH came here from Plymouth, N. H., in 1793, and settled on a farm ^ mile north of the Center. In 18 — he married Miriam Wal- bridge ; to them were born 5 sons and 4 daughters. He was for many years a deacon of the Congregational church, and accounted by all who knew him, what is said to be the noblest work of God — an honest man. He died 1865, aged 90 years. DEACON MARCUS O. FISHER was born at Cabot, Nov. 24, 1796. [For his first business, see village of Cabot.] He was married to Fanny Hall, June 13, 1820, at Chester, N. H., and came directly to Cabot and began pioneer life in what was known as the old Red House. There were but 4 houses in the village at that time. Deacon Marcus Fisher and his wife were actively identified with the entire growth of the village. They had 4 chil- dren, 2 of which died in early life, and 2 survive their parents. The Deacon and his wife were earnest, consistent Chris- tians. Their house was ever the hospita- ble mansion, to which were welcomed the missionary and minister, and all who were working in the vineyard of their Lord. The Deacon died suddenly, of heart disease, Sabbath morning, Apr. 9, 1865, aged 68. His wife died Sept. 14, 1870. JOSEPH LANCE, ESQ., born in Chester, N. H., 1799, came to this town when a lad with his father, who set- tled on the place where Hial Morse lives. In 1830, he engaged in the mercantile business in Calais. After about 4 years he sold out, and engaged in farming on quite a large scale. In 1833, he was married to Cynthia M. Tucker. They had 4 chil- dren, 3 of whom are now living. In 1838, he bought the entire estate of Judge Dana, and about 1845 ''^ moved to this town. In his early life he dealt extensively in cattle and sheep ; was successful in all his under- takings financially, and became a man of wealth. He held many town offices, and was an excellent manager for the town. He died Oct. 12, 1865, aged 66 years. 15 114 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. JOHN DAMON, ESQ., was born in Martha's Vineyard, near Bos- ton. When 6 years of age, his father, a Congregational minister, removed to Woodstock, Vermont. At the age of 20, John went to what was then thought to be the far West, the state of Ohio. He purchased the very ground to settle on upon which the city of Cincinnati now stands, but his health failing, he sold his land there and returned to Vermont, and settled in this town, as before related. He married Nancy Strong, of Pawlet ; chil- dren, 4. He was a far-seeing man, and very successful in his financial affairs. He was also one of the pioneers in the Sab- bath-school work in the Congregational church. He died Apr. 19, 1864. ZEKAH COLDUHN was born in Cabot, Sept. i, 1804. His father, Abia Colburn, with his family, came from Hartford, and settled on the farm now owned by S. S. Batchelder, about 3 months before his birth. The sixth child, his parents in straitened circumstances, subject to such hardships as fell to the lot of all new settlers at that period, there seemed little prospect his name should be distinguished, or ever known beyond the circle of his neighbors and kinsmen. There was nothing remarkable, too, in the en- dowments of his father or mother ; they were plain persons, not superior to others, and in regard to their son, it is said they considered him to be the most backward of any of their children ; residing at a con- siderable distance from school, it would be unreasonable, also, to infer that education did much for preparing him for that dis- play of early strength, correctness, and rapidity of mind in figures, which was so remarkable to all who saw him, and was unaccountable to himself. Some time in the beginning of August, 1 8 10, when about one month under 6 years of age, at home while his father was employed at a joiner's work-bench, Zerah was on the floor playing with chips. Sud- denly he began to say to himself, " 5 times 7 are 35 "-"6 times 8 are 48," etc. ' His father's attention being arrested by hear- ing this so unexpected in a child so young, and who had hitherto possessed no ad- vantages, except, perhaps, 6 weeks' attend- ance at the district-school that summer, left his work, and began to examine his boy through the multiplication table ; he thought it possible Zerah had learned this from other boys ; but finding him perfect in the table, his attention was more deeply fixed, and he asked the product of 13 by 97, to which 1 26 1 was instantly given as the answer. It was not long before one of the neighbors calling in, was informed of the singular occurrence, and soon it be- came generally known through the town. Thus the story originated, which within the short space of a year found its way not only through the United States, but reached Europe and foreign journals of literature both in England and France, who ex- pressed their surprise. In 1804, the earth was not belted by a telegraph ; the news had to take the slow way-posts, and it must have been regarded a wonderful matter to liave had so wide a range in 12 months. In a short time the annual freeman's meeting occurred in town, to which Mr. Colburn took his son, and exhibited his wonderful ability in figures to his towns- men. Gentlemen at that time possessing in- fluence and standing in the County were desirous that some course might be adopt- ed with the boy that might lead to a full development of his wonderful calculating powers, and Mr. Colburn, encouraged, took his son to Danville, which was then the shire town of Caledonia County, to be present at the session of court. His son was very generally seen and questioned by judges, members of the bar and others. The Legislature being about to convene at Montpelier, he was advised to visit that place with his son, which he did in Octo- ber. Here, also, many witnessed his won- derful mathematical powers. Questions out of the common limits of arithmetic were proposed with a view to puzzle him, but they all were answered correctly. For instance, he was asked, "Which is the most, twice five and twenty or twice twenty- CABOT. IIS five?" "Which is the most, six dozen or a half a dozen dozen? " The question was also asked, " How many black beans would it take to make five white ones?" He at once answered, " tive, if j-ou skin them," evincing quickness of thought as well as ability to combine numbers. After a few da}s spent in Montpelier, they proceeded to Burlington ; but the State of Vermont did not seem to offer sufficient encourage- ment, and Mr. Colburn was advised to visit the principal cities of the Union. Return- ing to Cabot, and spending one night with his family, he departed, never to return. He first went to Hanover, N. H., where he received liberal oifers for the education of his boy ; from here to Boston, where he arrived the 25th of Nov. Here the public were anxious to see and hear for them- selves. Questions of two or three places of figures m multiplication, questions in the rule of three, extractions of the roots of exact squares and cubes were put, and done with very little effort, and here he also received offers from wealthy men to educate his son. One offer was to raise $5000 l)y voluntary donations, and give the father $2500, and the remaining $2500 to be used in Zerah's education ; but to these terms Mr. Colburn did not feel at liberty to accede. The rejection of all these proposals very speedily raised a prejudice against him in Boston, and from Boston he went to New York, Philadelphia and Washington ; but not receiving the en- couragement, pecuniarily, that he was in hopes to have met with, he next decided to go to England. In December, 181 1, he wrote to his wife from Washington '.omake such disposition of her farm and children as she could, and accompany him over the Atlantic. In this she showed her wisdom in refusing to accede to his request ; but her refusal did not deter him from the de- sign. He embarked with his son for Liverpool, Apr. 3, 18 12, and arrived in London, May 24. Here Zerah was visited by the high and noble of the city, and invited to call upon the crowned heads. His mathematical powers were put to the se- verest test, and he was able to answer the most difficult questions ; but during all this time of Zerah"'s exhibition, his education was neglected. After he started from Cabot he had learned to read, and in London to write. Mr. Colburn tried various ways to raise money. The exhibition of his son did not prove very remunerative. He was ad- vised by men of influence and means to put him to school, they generously offering the means for his education. After about 4 years he placed Zerah at Westminster School, London. He was now 13 years of age ; but he did not complete his studies heie. He was taken away by his father, and placed in a school in Paris, where also he remained but a few months. His father had now become very short for means. While Zerah was at school, he had re- ceived liberal gifts of money for his sup- port ; but in his pinched condition, he knew not now what course to take. After a few years, however, Zerah was engaged as a teacher in a small school in London. In 1822, after an absence of 10 years from his family, Mr. Colburn's health began to fail, and Feb. 14, 1823, he died of con- sumption, far from home, and almost des- titute of the common comforts of life. As soon as necessary arrangements could be made by the contributions of friends to pay the passage of Zerah to America, he sailed, and July 3, 1825, arrived safely at his home in Cabot, having been absent 13 years . After remaining a few months in town, he connected himself with the Methodist church, and became a local preacher, and during his seven years of ministry, had as many different appointments. Jan. 13, 1829, he married Mary Hoyt, of Hartford. Six children were born to them, 5 daugh- ters and a son. The son gave his life for his country ; was killed in ' a battle near Washington, Sept. 12, 1861. Two daugh- ters died in early life. In 1834, Mr. Colburn gave up preaching, on account of poor health. ^He accepted a call to a professorship of languages in the Military College at Norwich, which he held until obliged to give it up on account of failing health. He died of consumption. Mar. 2, 1839, '^"'^* ^^''■^ buried near the ii6 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. scene of his last labors, at Norwich, aged 34 years, 6 months. I am informed by his daughter, who is now living at Thetford, to whom I am in- debted for the last portion of this sketch, that he did not retain his wonderful math- ematical powers after he became educated and entered upon the ministry. His wife died Mar. i6, 1856, aged 52. Thus lived and died one of the most wonderful minds for computation that the world ever saw. HON. JOHN MCLEAN, born at Peacham, Sept. 27, 1814, com- menced his business life in Lower Cabot. He was closely identified with the business interests of the town, and his death, Feb. 3, 1855, without a moment's warning, cast a deep gloom over the whole community. The following, furnished by an intimate friend, is no overdrawn picture : Estimate of Mr. McLean, by One of His Companions. John McLean would have been a mark- ed man in any community. In Cabot, at the period ofwhich I write, he was specially distinguishable. His magnetism and innate force were something wonderful. He was a born leader of men. He never said "go," but always " come," and wherever he went he compelled a following. He found Cabot spell-bound, as it were, both in politics and religion, and he forced progress. He found the term abolitionism a by-word and a reproach ; and when he left the town, it was inscribed upon her banners as a word of honor. He de- manded full toleration in religious matters. He stimulated the dull to exertion in the way of self-help and development. He organized new industries, and waked up the dormant energies of the people. He was himself constantly developing in limit- less directions. What an inward pressure there must have been within him, what a cry for room, to have led him in middle aee, without education, almost blind, to the audacious resolve of becoming a man of letters and a member of the bar. But he did it, and was already retained in im- portant cases when his summons came. Departed friend, nothing but death could arrest the career to which his spirit aspired, and whose early death was a calamity. O. F. D. (Oscar F. Dana.) Washington, D. C, May, 1881. Mr. McLean was married to Margaret McWallace, Jan. 10, 1838. THOMAS LVFORD was born in this town,- 1802, and resided here the most of his life. He has held many offices in the town, and at the be- ginning of the writing of this history, he was the only living person who had a thor- ough knowledge of the beginning of this town, which he had heard from his father, and being a man of very strong memory, he had retained all he had heard. He was much pleased with having the history of the town written and was always ready to communicate any information with which he was possessed, and Thursday eve, June 16, he gave a large amount of information, and never after that was he able to com- municate. He lingered till the 23d, when he was relieved by death, aged 79 years. On the Friday following, his funeral was attended at his late residence ; he was borne by his neighbors to the village cem- etery, and fciid beside his wife, who passed on years before. Since his decease, his sister, Mrs. Jason Britt, has contributed a large amount of information. MILITARY RECORD OF CABOT. The Revolutionary struggle just closed and perhaps constant apprehension of in- vasion from Canada, seems to have im- bued our fathers with a thorough military spirit ; from the first settlement of the town, but more particularly from the be- ginning of the present century, there was organized and maintained for a long period of time one uniformed company, besides the standing militia. We will notice each of these companies and give a list of the captains as far as we have been able to collect statistics. The first we have been able to gather is that in 1797, when every able-bodied man between the ages of 18 and 45 was obliged to do military duty, with certain excep- tions. The first captain of the militia here was David Blanchard, who held his CABOT. 117 commission until 1800, when Joseph Fislier was elected by the company. I find an order from him to Sergeant John Stone to warn all the men hereinafter mentioned to appear on the parade at the Centre of the town, June 7, 1800, at 10 o'clock A. M., complete as tlie law directs. This notice has 1 1 names attached after the election of officers. IMvates must have been scarce. No record of any of- ficers occur after this, until 1808 ; but tra- dition tells us that Moses Stone was the next captain. In 1809, 27 soldiers' names are on the town record : Anthony Perry, captain ; Solomon W. O.sgood, ensign ; 18 10, 32 soldiers enrolled: Anthony Perry, capt. ; John Stone, ist lieut. ; Joseph Stone, ensign ; Anthony Perry was cap- tain until 1 81 7, when George Sumner was elected. The enrolled militia were now 52 men. They were not obliged to uni- form, but they were furnished with a gun, 24 rounds of cartridge, priming wire and brush, and three flints. From 18 1 2 to 18 16, the military spirit seems to have run at a very high pitch ; our country having come to the point when forbearance ceased to be a virtue, and having declared war on Great Britain, pat- riotism rekindled in all those who but a short time before had laid aside the weap- ons of war in the Revolutionary struggle. They were alive all through, those old vet- erans, as well as those that had more re- cently come to the age to bear arms, and were emulous to equal the old warriors. The regular militia of the town was called out and jDut in thorough fighting order, and in addition to this, a company of minute men enlisted in this town, Woodbury, and Calais, and Anthony Perry, who also was a captain of the regu- lar militia, was elected captain, and Na- thaniel Perry, lieut. These men were to be ready to march to the front at any time they were called by their captain. P'or this roll I have made diligent search, but have not been able to find it ; the last traces I got of it, was among the papers of Reuben Waters of Calais. The battle of Plattsburg, Sunday Sept. II, 1814, our townsmen had been expect- ing for some days. The cannon was dis- tinctly heard all day. Captain Perry at once dispatched lieut. Perry to Woodbury and Calais, and his other officer through Cabot to rally the men, while he proceeded directly to Montpelier. The company here at once rallied and camped the first night near Montpelier Centre ; but on arrival next day at Montpelier, to their great disappointment learned the British- ers had been beaten. They were dis- charged and returned to their homes, except a few that were on horseback and wished to get a stronger smell of powder, who pushed on to Burlington. John Stone, who in 1800, held the office of Sergeant, held all the various commis- sions in the military rank ; 1809, was com- missioned Col. of the First Regiment, 3d Brigade 4th Division of the Militia of the State. A petition was presented to him signed by John Damon, Ira Atkins and Horace Warner for permission to enlist a company of Light Infantry to be attached to his regiment. The petition was grant- ed ; roll of the men enlisted : Ira Atkins, Horace Warner, M. O. Fisher, Benj. B. Hoyt, Zacheus Lovell, Avery Atkins, John Edgerton, Abram Hinks, Thomas Cald- well, Jabez Page, Jeremiah Atkins, John Hall, David Connor, Jr., David Bruce, Ebenezer Sperry, Hugh Wilson, Benjamin Sperry, Samson Osgood, John (ioodale, James Blanchard, Benjamin Hoyt, Caleb Fisher, Anson Coburn, Benjamin Durrill, Reuben Atkins, Samuel Hall, Parker Chase, Jr., Stephen Hoyt, Luther Swan, Benjamin Preston, Nathaniel Gibbs, Squier Boinin, Joseph Cate. The company mustered 34 men ; organ- ized Aug. 26, 18 19, by the choice of the following officers, John Damon being the first petitioner, was elected captain. In a neat little speech in which he thanked the company for the honor, he said, owing to bodily infirmities he wished to be excused. He then treated the company well to whisky and sugar, and wa*s excused. Ira Atkins was then elected captain ; Horace A. Warner, lieut. ; Avery Atkins, ensign ; M. O. Fisher, ist sergt. ; John Goodale, 2d do. ; Caleb Fisher, 3d do. ; Parker ii8 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Chase, 4th do. ; Thomas Caldwell, ist Corp. ; Jabez Page, 2d do, ; Jeremiah At- kins, 3d do. ; David Bruce, 4th do. ; Ben- jamin Hoit, fifer; Luther Swan, drummer ; Stephen Hoyt, bass drummer. The uniform adopted was black hat, white cockade, red parchment with star with'No. of company and regiment, white feather with red top, white cord with two large tassels, black coat with red facings, yellow buttons, black pants corded with red, white vest, white neck scarf, yellow gloves, canteen and cartridge-box, with white belt. The records show company drills were frequent; Oct. 3, 1820, they at- tended the regimental muster at Peacham ; Oct. 3, 1822, mustered at Danville; 1824, Horace Warner was elected captain, and in 1825, Marcus O. Fisher, captain. This company kept up its organization 7 years, when by a vote of the company July, 1826, it was transformed into an artil- lery company, and a cannon and all the necessary equipments for the same was bought by subscription of the citizens of the town. Nearly the same officers were elected that were in command in the infantry, Marcus O. Fisher, being the first captain, Ira Atkins, ist lieut., Caleb Fisher, 2d lieut. The uniform with some slight changes was very much like that of the infantry. It mustered 84 men, and was said to be the finest looking and appearing company in the regiment. List of Captains: May 23, 1827, Jer- emiah Atkins was elected Capt. ; 1828, Caleb Fisher ; 1829, William Fisher ; 1832, Levi H.Stone; 1835, RoswellFarr; 1836, Enoch Hoyt; 1838, John Clark. This completes the list. It was a fine company, and often called to assist in cel- ebrations in the adjoining towns. And not unfrequently was the Fourth enlivened by the old-fashioned sham fight, in which they would become so much engaged fre- quently, that the cannon would be charged full too high for the safety of the glass in surrounding buildings, and those standing by. On one occasion one of the gunners, Mitchell Whittier, standing near the wheel had the top of his hat torn out. This was at an engagement with the cavalry at Marshfield. On another occasion, Capt. Levi H. Stone had his face filled with powder by a musket being carelessly dis- charged. This company kept up its organ- ization until an act was passed by the Leg- islature disbanding all military companies throughout the State June i, 1838, when this company reluctantly voted to dis- band, after first entering upon their record that the act of the Legislature ought to be considered a lawless act in very deed. About 1842, a Light Infantry company was organized with John McLean for its first captain. Of this company I am not able to find any record. During the organization of these inde- pendent companies all persons that did not belong to them, obliged to do military duty, were called out once a year for drill and inspection. They received the name of the Flood-wood Company. The train- ing of this company ended by electing a clerk that soon moved to the West, and took with him all the records and papers of the company, the members of the com- pany bidding him God speed. Many funny and characteristic anecdotes of military acts and deeds are related by the old inhabitants it would be pleasant to record, but our space forbids. We will only mention the Sutton Muster, in which the Cabot Artillery and Flood-wood both joined, taking one week in which to get through it, and in that time it is said there was a good many of them that did not get sober enough to get home. During these military organizations quite a number from this town belonged to the Cavalry in the late war, raised in the towns of Cabot, Hardwick, Danville and Peacham. WALTER STONE, who was in the 1st Vt. Cavalry, Co. D., taken prisoner March 4, 1863, and died in Libby Prison, was at one time captain of this old cavalry company. The last military organization in town was in 1866. After the close of the War of the Rebellion an infantry company was organized, with W. H. Fletcher for cap- CABOT. 119 lain ; also a cavalry company, with Hiram Perkins for captain. These companies were both finely equipped by the State, Init never did any great military service. They were disbanded by an act of the Legislature, 1868. SOLDIERS OF THE REVOLUTION who settled in town : Lieut. Thomas Ly- ford, Jonathan Heath, Starling Heath, Tliomas Osgood, Samuel Warner, Na- thaniel Webster, Fitield Lyford, Nathan Kdson, Trueworthy Durgin, Lieut. John Whittier, Maj. Lyman Hitchcock, Lieut. David Blanchard, Ensign Jerry McDaniels. SOLDIERS OF l8l2. Volunteers from this town : Luther Swan, Simeon Walker, Leander Corlis, Samuel Button, Ezra Kennerson, Peter L}ford, Jesse Webster, David Lyford, Royal Gilbert. SOLDIERS OF THE WAR OF 1861. Demand for the surrender of Fort Sumter made April 11, 1861, promptly refused by Maj. Anderson, in one hour hostilities com- menced. The President's call for 75,000 men was received in this town by the jour- nals of the 15th of April. A war meeting was at once called, to take the matter into consideration. Stirring speeches were made by several citizens, and it was at once voted to recruit a company, and offer their services to the Governor. A paper was drawn up, and volunteers called for, and the following young men enrolled their names : J. P. Lamson, John Derine, F. L. Drown, H. L. Collins, H. M. Paige, G. W. Wright, E. S. Hoyt, Nathaniel Perry, Chas. H. Newton, L. B. Scott, S. H. Bradish, L. S. Gerry, H. Perkins, Horace Carpenter, Luke A. Davis, C. H. Goodale, G. P. Hopkins, E. H. Scott, E. Gerry, Lyman Hopkins, Fayette Hopkins. The services of these volunteers were at once tendered to the Governor by Na- thaniel Perry and H. M. Paige. The first regiment was already full, but a large por- tion of them enlisted in other regiments as soon as an opportunity offered, as the following: roll will show : Credited pi Names. Aiken, Hiram Aiiisworth, Henry A. Kascom, William Bacdn, William W. Balaw, Simeon 15ala\v, William Bailey, Nathaniel Batchelder, Ziba Blake, Daniel Blodgett, Stephen B. ]]arnett, Geo. W. Carpenter, Amasa Cheever, Moses R. Clark, William H. H Collins, Hartwell L. Desilets, Carlos Uereen, John Dow, Harrison Dow, Harvey S. Thrown, Frederick L. Eastman, Curtis O. Fales, John W. Farr, Jacob Fisk, Frederick W. Gerry, Eli P. Goodale, Chauncey Goodwin, David M. Gray, Joshua C. Griftin, Clarendon VOLUNTEERS FOR THREE YEARS, ■evimis to call for 300,000 Voliniteers of Oct. 17, 1863. A(ie. Enlistnient. 36 July 12, 62. 18 June 16, 62. 45 Feb. 62. 36 Feb. 10, 62. 24 " 21 Aug. 31, 61. 21 July 3, 61. 38 June 30, 62. 18 Sept. 5, 61. 22 Sept. 2, 61. 20 Sept. 3, 61. 19 " 20 Feb. 28, 62. 26 June T, 61. 19 June 12, 62. 22 June I, 61. 41 Aug. 21, 61. Reg. Co. Remarks. 10 A Tr. to Vet. Res. Corps, April 17. 9 I Pro. July 15, 64; must, out June 13, 65. I Bat. I Bat. 3 K Dis. Dec. 16, 62. 3 K Re-en. Mar. 19, 64 ; deserted May 3, 64. H Killed at Wilderness, May 5, 64. H Died Feb. 13, 62. H Discharged June 22, 63. K Discharged Dec. 19, 62. K Re-en. Dec. 15, 63; tr. to Co. E. Feb. 25, 65. G Must, out of service Sept. 30, 64. " " Re-en. Dec. 15, 63 ; tr. to Co. F. " " Died June 7, 62. 3 G Re-en. Jan. 22, 64 ; pro. 2 lieut. Co. E. Aiis;. 4, 64. Promoted Corporal. Pro. Sergeant ; dis. Jan. 5, 63. Discharged July 8, 62. 34 June I, 61. 27 Aug. S, 62. 18 Sept. 30, 61. 22 Mar. 22, 62. 23 Sept. 3, 61. 33 Aug. 30, 61. 18 Sept. 4, 61. June, 61. 21 Aug. 13, 62. 9 I 3 G 4 G Cav C 3 G II 6 3 4 4 3A S I Bat. Pro. Sergt.; discharged June 5, 63. Sept. 27, 64 ; dis. June 29, 65. Must, out of service, Oct. 28, 64. Discharged Oct. 31, 62. Reduced; must, out Sept. 30, 64. Pro. Cor.; re-en. Dec. 15, 63; tr. to Co. C. Feb. 25, 65. Must, out of service Sept. 30, 64. Pro. surgeon of the 3d reg. Must, out of service June 24, 65. 120 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Names. Hall, Mark P. Hall, Merrill K. Hatch, Gonzalo C. Hatch, Jerome B. Hatch, Marshall E. Heath, Nathan L. Heath, Jeremiah A. Hill, Andrew Hill, Lorenzo D. Hitchcock, Henry C. Hooker, Amos O. Hooker, Sanford O. Hopkins, William J. Hoyt, Alonzo A. Hoyt, Asa Hoyt, Enoch S. Hoyt, Jonathan P. Ingram, John Kenerson, Albert Kenerson, William T. Lyford, James M. Mack, Asa B. Marsh, Henry O. Marsh, James Jr. McCrillis, Rufus McLean, Samuel E. Morrill, Abel K. Newton, Charles H. Oken, John E. Page, Henry M. Page, Wallace W. Paine, Geo. W. Perry, Adolphus B Perry, Charles II. Perry, William A. t8 Apr. 20, 63. Putnam, Chas. B. May ii, 63. Rudd, John 18 June, 26, 63. Rudd, William Russell, Hiram L. Scott, Erastus H. Scott, Luther B. Smith, Jarish S. Stone, Edward G. Sumner, Alonzo L. Thompson, Sam'l H. Walbridge, Don C. West, William N. Wheeler, John Q. A. Wilson, Nathaniel L. Wright, Geo. W. Writer, Anson S. Farr, William H. Hopkins, Oliver W. Hoyt, Edwin A. Kimball, Isaac N. Mason, Henry L. Trow, Kendrick A(/e. Enlistmenl Reg. Co. 22 Aug. 28, 61. 4 G 22 Aug. 31, 63. 27 June I, 61. 3 " Cav C 27 June, I, 61. 3 C I Bat 22 May 7, 61. 2 D I Bat. 18 July 25, 62. ti I 19 Jan. 31, 62. 7 H 21 June 9, 62. 9 I 28 May 29, 62. Cav C 41 Aug. 8, 62. II I 25 June I, 61. 3 ^ 44 Aug. 10, 63. " H Cav C " D 19 Mar. 20, 62. 4 H CavC 33 Sept. 3, 61. 4G 18 Sept. 3, 61. " " 38 Aug. 12, 62. " " I Bat. 32 Sept. 4, 61. 4 H 3 E 22 Aug. 27, 61. 4 G 4 H Cav C 23 June I, 61. 3G 25 " 3 G . 21 Sept. II, 61 4 H 21 Sept. 3, 61. 4G II L 26 June 8, 63. II L 20 Aug. 6, 62. " I Aug. II, 62. 3 G 26 Sept. 4, 61. 4 G 18 Sept. 4, 61. 4G 26 Sept. 3, 61. 22 Feb. 8, 62. 7 H 36 Aug. 20, 61. 4 H 23 June 29, 62. 7 " 24 Sept. 7, 61. 4 " Cav C 22 July 10, 61. 3K 28 June 18, 61. 3 G 21 June I, 61. 3 G Remarks. Pro. Sergt.; must, out Sept. 30, 64. Tr. to Co. B. Feb. 25, 65 ; out July 3, 65. Re-en. Dec. 21 ; tr. to Co. I, July 25, 64. Promoted to Lieut. Reduced to rank Oct. 31, 62. Died June 14, 62. Must, from service June 24, 65. Pro. Cor. Feb. 18, 64 ; re-en. Feb. 20, 64. Pro. Sergt. Nov. 63 ; died Mar. 12, 64. Discharged Oct. 22, 62. Must, from service July 5, 65. Discharged Feb. 19, 63. Dropped Apr. 10, 63. Must, out of service Feb. 4, 61. Died of wounds received in action June 6, 64. Pro. to Cor. Nov. i, 63 ; do. Sen; tr. to Co. B, Re-en. Dec. 12, 63 ; tr. to Co. E. Feb. 25, 65. Pro. Sergt.; re-en. Dec. 15, 65 ; i Lt. Co. E. Oct. I, 64. Pro. to Major. Re-en. Jan. 22, 64 ; killed at Cold Harbor, June 3, 64. Re-en. Dec. 21, 63 ; tr. to Co. I July 25, 64. Re-en. Jan. 15, 63; tr. to Co. C. Feb. 25, 65. Killed at Cold Harbor, June ''i 1864. Brigade Band. Died June 23, 64, of wounds reed, in action May, 64. Died May 6, 64. Must, out of service June 24, 65. Killed. Pro. 2d Lt. Co. E. Aug. i, 62. Died Nov. 9, 62. Killed at Spottsylvania, May 10, 64. Re-en. Feb. 20, 64; pro. Cor. Oct. i, 64. Pro. Cor.; killed at Spottsylvania, May 12, 65. Died Nov. 27, 62. Pro. Sergt.; re-en. Dec. 15, 63; pris. of war since June 23, 64. Di'-charged Oct. 31, 62. Pro. Sergt.; re-en. Dec. 32, 61 ; died May 11, 64, from wounds received in action. Re-en. Dec. 21, 63; died July 15, 64, of wounds received in action. Volunteers for Three Years. 20 Dec. 7, 63. 18 Sept. I, 63. 27 Nov. 10, 63. 44 Sept. 23, 63. 3G 64. Disch. Tr. to Vet. Res. Corps May 23, Aug. 9, 1865. 17 C Must, out of serv. July 14, 1865. 3 Bat. 3 Bat. Died. II I Died Sept. 13, 1864. 17 D Died at Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 24, 1S64. Brickett, Willard P. Vohinteer for One Year. Cav. CABOT. i2i Vohmteers Re-enlisted. Names, Arje. Enlistment. Reg. Co. Bamett, George M. 22 Sept. 2, 61. 4 H Cheever, Moses R. 19 Sept. 3, 61, 4 G Collins, Hartwell L. 26 June i, 61. 3 G Gerry, Eli P. Hatch, Gonzalo C. Hooker, Amos O. Hopkins, Daniel F. McLean, Samuel E. Page, Wallace W. 33 Aug. 30, 61. 4 H 27 June I, 61. 19 June 31, 62. 32 Sept. 4, 61. 23 June I. 61. Paine, George W. 25 June i, 61. Perry, Adolphus B. Jr., 21 Sept. 11,61. Wright, George W. 28 June 10, 61. Writer, Anson S. 21 June i, 61. G H Bat. H G G H G G Kemarks. Re-en Dec. 15, 1863, tr. to Co. E. Feb. 25, 65. Re-en Dec. 15, 1863, tr. to Co. F. Feb. 25, 65. Re-en Jan. 26, 1864, pro. to 2d lieut., Co. E. Aug. 4, 1864, Pro. to Corp. ; re-en Dec. 15, 1863 ; tr. to Co. C. Feb. 25, 1865 Re-en Dec. 21, 63 ; tr. to Co. I. July 25, 64. Pro. Corp. Feb. 18, 64 ; re-en Feb. 20, 64. Re-en Dec. 15, 63 ; tr. to Co. E. Feb. 25, 65. Re-en Jan. 22, 1864 ; killed at Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864. Re-en Dec. 21, 63 ; tr. to Co. I. July 25, 64, Re-en Dec. 15, 63; tr. to Co. C. Feb. 25, 65, Pro. sergt. ; re-en Dec. 31, 63 ; died May 11. Re-en. Dec. 21, 63. Died July 15, 64, of wound received in action. Hoyt, Jonathan P. McCauley, Kenneth Two men. Veteran Reserve Corps. 44 Aug. 10, 63. 3 H Tr. from Vet. Res. Corps ; tr. to Co. K. July 25, 64. Miscellaneous not Credited by Name. Adams, Chas. S. Boyle, Orvis P. Corles, Frederick Dow, John K. Fletcher, William H. Gibson, Charles Houghton, Charles L. Johnson, Silas G. Kimball, Isaac Maberny, William Osgood, Andrew E. Perkins, Eben S. Perkins, Hiram Shaw, George E. Wilson, Joseph Wilson, Freeman Clark, Emery H. Dow, Harvey S. Haines, William J. Hazen, Jasper J. Heath, George R. Perry, Anthony Perry, Jewett Smith, Henry D. Sprague, Alonzo F. Whittier, Harrison Wood, Hiram T. Fisher, Chas. M. Smith, Geo. C. Hopkins, Lyman H. Howe, Samuel W. Knapp, Francis L. Swazey, Parker Volunteers for Nine Motiths. 13 C Killed at Gettysburg. Furnished under Draft. Paid Connmitation. Procured Substitutes. Entered Service. 6 A 6 D 32 July 29, 63. 2 I Missing in action May 5, 64. 16 122 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Total, 138. Of this number g were killed in action, 18 died from disease, 5 from wounds received in action ; of the number that returned, many of them con- tracted disease from which they have since died, or are now suffering. The town paid about $9000 bounty, and at the close of the war, to the credit of the town be it said, we had no war debt upon us. Taxes were levied, and promptly paid when money was plenty. After the close of the war, and when those who had gone first and done battle so valiantly for their country had returned to their peaceful avocations of life, the thoughts of the inhabitants of the town were turned to those who had given their lives to continue the life of our nation, and wishing to hand down their names in grateful remembrance to generations yet unborn, an article was inserted in the warning for March meeting, 1873, to take into consideration the subject of erecting a monument to their memory. At this meeting a committee was elected to obtain diagram specimens of material, cost of the same, place of location, and report at the next March meeting; J. P. Lamson, M. P. Wallace and Milton Fisher, c5^. Final action was not reached until the annual meeting, 1875, when $1500 was voted for a soldiers' monument on the Common, and the committee before ap- pointed were instructed to purchase and locate the same. The committee con- tracted with Mr. Harrington, of Barre, to erect a monument of Barre^ granite, at a cost of $1500, on the highest point on the Common, in front of the Congregational church. The height of the monument is 21 feet; upon the die, inscriptions: West Side: to the memory of cabot soldiers who fell in the great re- bellion of 1861-1865. Dulcet Desiinm est. Pro patri amor i I North side.— Adjatant, Abel Morrill, Jr.; 2d lieutenant, Luther B. Scott; Ser- geant, Sanford O. Hooker, Eli P. Gerry, Samuel H. Thompson, George W. Wright, Anson S. Writer; privates, Ziba Batch- elder, Nathaniel Bailey, William H. Clark, Carlos Desoletts, John H. Dow. East Side. — Privates, Wm. G. French, Jeremiah A. Heath, Andrew Hill, James C. Hill, Enoch S. Hoit, Isaac Kimball, Albert Kenerson, Rufus McCrillis, Henry O. Marsh, Henry S, Mason, Andrew E. Osgood, Wallace Page. South Side. — Privates, Adolphus B. Perry, Charles H. Perry, JewettW. Perry, John Rudd, William Rudd, Erastus H. Scott, Parker Swazey, Don C. Walbridge, Jarvis S. Smith, George E. Stone, Ken- drick Trow, Edward E. Hall. This monument was dedicated to the memory of these deceased soldiers July 4, 1876, at 2 o'clock p. M., with singingby the choir, prayer by Rev. B. S. Adams, dedicatory address by J. P. Lamson, Esq., music by the Montpelier Band, and me- morial and dedication services by Brooks Post, G. A. R., from Montpelier. From the able address of Mr. Lamson we make the following brief extract : We meet to-day around this monument of the fallen heroes of Cabot to join in the ceremonies of its dedication. By the people of Cabot this structure has been reared in commemoration of those noble men, who, when rebellious hands were raised against their country's life, bade a last farewell to kindred and home, and went forth to die in its defence. Their sacred names are enshrined in our mem- ories, and engraved on the tablets of our hearts ; as long as life shall last, we, of this generation, shall cherish the recol- lections of their heroic deeds and noble martyrdom with a devotion which no mon- ument can kindle, and no inscription can keep alive. But time will pass, and mem- ories and traditions shall fail, and the tablet of fiesh must moulder into dust. It is fit, therefore, that we should carve on the everlasting granite the names of that noble band, that our children and our children's children may learn by whose blood our country was baptized into new life, and the bonds of its union were ce- mented for all coming time. Let this monument stand, then, a proud memorial of the dead, and may time touch it with a gentle hand as it bears to suc- ceeding generations its just and deserving record. At this time I am oppressed with a sense of the impropriety of uttering words on this occasion. If silence is ever golden, it must CABOT. 123 be here beside this monument, which bears the names of thirty-six men whose lives were more significant than speech, and whose death was a poem, the music of which can never be sung. For love of country they accepted death. That act resolved all doubts, and made immortal their patriotism and their virtue. Fortunate men ! Your country lives be- cause you died ; your fame is placed where the breath of calumny can never reach it; where the mistakes of a weary life can never dim its brightness. Coming gen- erations will rise up to call you blessed. So unseltish, so little looking for reward, so trusting for the final good, .so venturing for the brotherhood of man on the father- hood of God. And it was for this senti- ment of country, and nothing else, that these whose names are engraved on this monument first sprang to arms and offered themselves as martyrs. "My Country" and the "old flag," how these thoughts quickened the elastic step, which bore them to the strife. How it lingered on dying lips when the bloody fray was over, "Tell her I die for my country." Softly would we touch the strings that vibrate only to plaintive notes — husband, father, brother, son, the loved, the fondly cher- ished. Nobly did they fall, and in a righteous cause. Their country called, and in the great cause of humanity they died. And though their bones lie bleaching on a Southern soil, far away from friends and home, yet ever fresh will be their mem- ories in the hearts of the living and the loved. And their records will remain from everlasting to everlasting, after this mon- ument dedicated to them shall have crum- bled into dust. To you, soldiers of this town, this monu- ment IS dedicated ; make yourselves worthy of the honor. Your past is at least secure. May you so conduct yourselves in the con- flicts of life as to preserve unfaded those wreaths of glory, which your deeds have so nobly won. Let gene ratio ru^fter generation, as they pass from the cradle to the grave, be re- minded, as they look on this enduring monument, of the conflicts which inaug- urated the birth of our country, of the hardships and sacrifices by which it was pursued, and the serious part they may be called upon to perform for its further per- petuation. Let it stand, then, an everlasting me- morial and teacher, and in the ceremonies of this day let us invoke Almighty God to hold it tenderly in the hollow of his hand, and consecrate it with his continual bless- I.IEUT. COLONEL KIMBALL. BY J. C. JULIUS LANGBIEN, OF NEW YORK CITY, Civil yustice, and formerly Drummer of " A'." C. (jlh, N. Y. Vols. I Hawkins Zouaves. Eliphalet Addison Kimball was born June 3, 1822, in Pembroke, N. H. His mother survived his birth but 11 days. His father, soon after the death of his wife, removed to Cabot, Vt., where Addison's aunt and uncles resided, and it was here he and she, who mourns him as his de- voted widow, lived in childhood together until his 17th year, when he went to Con- cord, N. H., learned the printer's trade, returned to Vermont, and entered the oiifice of the Woodstock Age, Charles G. East- man editor and owner, a man of education and accomplishments, poet and politician. Young Kimball in two years bought the Age, and became its' editor and publisher, Mr. Eastman purchasing the Vennojit Pat- riot, and removing to Montpelier. While editor of the Age the war with Mexico was agitated. The Age, a democratic paper, took strong sides with the government, then under democratic control. The young editor wrote with instinctive force and character, and his editorials attracted at- tention. By a .sort of magnetism, wh) ,h he even then possessed, he soon gained influential friends. It was remarked there was no other young man 24 years of age who had more friends among the demo- cratic leaders, and that took the pride and interest in him they did. This influence and friendship secured him a captain's commission from President Polk in the 9th N. E. reg.,-Col. Ransom, from Wood- stock, commanding. He gave up his paper and post-office to be a soldier — he was postmaster at Wood- stock, and the quartermaster office ; he had been appointed by Gov. Slade, of Vermont, quartermaster of the 3d. Div. of the Vt. militia, Feb. i, 1840. He sailed for Mexico, May 27, 1847. He was in the first engagements at Contreras and Churu- busco. For his brave conduct in these engage- ments he received a brevet, and from that time was mentioned and thanked in gen- 124 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. eral orders in nearly every engagement under Gen. Scott. Col. Ransom, the commander of the regiment, loved him as his son, and was as proud of him as one brave man can be of another. At Chepul- tepec, where Ransom fell, young Kimball with the Vermont boys, was the first to reach the Mexican flag on the heights, which he tore down quick as a flash, and surmounted with the stripes and stars. Owing to some misunderstanding, the credit of tliis achievement was given to Major Seymour, of the regiment, whom it made so famous that he became the gov- 1 ernor of Connecticut. I After the fight, he was given a picket body of men to open communications with the city of Vera Cruz, and to bring up sup- plies and recruits for the army. This duty having been satisfactorily performed, he was placed in command of the vessel, taking the troops home to Ft. Adams, R. I. He had also received his commis- sion as brevet major. Aug. 20, 1847, and his welcome home was an ovation from the time he left Fort Adams until he visited Cabot, the scene of his childhood days, where the oldest and most respected cit- ijfins, headed by Captain Perry, a soldier of the Vt. Militia, as their Grand Marshal, paraded and marched through the town in his honor, and in the evening a grand ban- quet was spread, where he was welcomed home by people of all shades of political and social life. During all these stirring records of his life there was one who watched his every movement, and shared with him in his triumph and glory, and 2 years later, Nov. I, 1849, Major Kimball was married at the church where they had both been bap- tized, to her in whose heart his memory will ever be green. At this time he was the Route Agent from Wells River to Boston. The following year the young couple came to New York City, where Major Kimball obtained a responsible po- sition on the New York Herald. He re- mained on the Herald \\xi\S\. 1853, when he was appointed by President Pierce in the New York Custom House. It was while there employed that the Southern rebellion broke out. Apr. 16. 1861, Major Kimball wrote to Gov. Fairbanks, of Vermont, offering his services. The Governor was unable to give him a command. He next offered his ser- vices to the 9th New York Vols. (Haw- kins Zouaves) and was elected. This reg- iment was first ordered to Riker's Island, in the East river. While here the news agents of New York City presented to iMajor Kimball an elegant sword, and his friends of the Custom House a beautiful pair of epaulettes. The march of the "Ninth" down Broadway to the seat of war was one of the grandest ovations of the kind ever witnessed in the metropolis. The Major, b}- his soldierly bearing, fame, bravery and experience in the Mex- ican War, inspired the men with confi- dence, and the regiment had perfected itself in drill and discipline. They were looked upon with pride and affection by the city of New York. June 5, the reg- iment left New York, embarked on the "Marion " and " George Peabody " ; June 10, it covered the rear of our retreating forces at Big Bethel. It was not other- wise actively engaged with the enemy in this engagement. Aug. 4, '61, Major K. was surprised by the following communi- cation : Camp Butler, Newport News, Va., \ August 4, 1 861. \ Maj. E. A. Kimball, ^h Reg. N. Y. Vols: We, the undersigned officers of the ist Regiment Vermont Volunteer Militia, be- ing about to depart to our native State to I be mustered out of the service of the U.S. I Government, do hereby tender to you our ! kindest regards, and ho^e ere long to see ' vou in your appropriate position, the Commander of a Regiment of Green Mountain Boys of such men as you have ' heretofore led to victory on six different i battle-fields in support of the honor and flag of your country, and we ardently de- ! sire to see you again manfully fighting at ' the head of a regiment, leading to victory, I honor and glory, the citizen soldiery of I vour own much-loved State of Vermont. To command a regiment of Green : Mountain Boys was an ardent, long-felt j desire of Major Kimball's. He was one of CABOT. 125 the first to offer his services to Governor Fairbanks. It was always a regret that tinged the remainder of hisHfe that a com- mand had not been offered him from that State, for he felt that his services in Mexico entitled him to such an honor. A few days after the battle of Roanoke Island he wrote home to his wife : We have had a big fight and a splendid victory. I have not time to tell you the particulars, except that I charged the bat- tery at the head of my New York boys. God bless them ! we carried it. It was fully equal to anything I ever saw before. The prisoners say they fired at me time and time again, and that I must bear a charmed life. They did fire at me smartly. You will see the papers. I am well now, but can't go through many more as I did the other. / wish I could have made the same charge at the head of a Vermont Reg- iment, but it was not to be so. A sore spot in his heart ; he loved the Vermont boys. In another letter to his wife : You may rest assured if we have a chance, you will hear a good account of us. Our regiment numbers 950 men, and next to the "old Mexico 9th," is the best I ever saw. Feb. 8, '62, the battle of Roanoke Island, where the regiment gained its first fame, making the first decisive, successful bay- onet charge of the war. The battle had been raging for some time when the Third Brigade was sent for, ^nd they began to advance, the "Ninth" taking the lead. The road was a long, narrow causeway, flanked by marsh and ditches, and at the head a three-gun battery had a range of the field. The left wing advanced, led by Kimball, sword in hand, cheering on his men. "Now is the time, and you are the men," cried Gen. Foster, and the Zouaves rushed forward, with their peculiar cry of " Zou ! Zou ! Zou!" their red caps and blue, baggy uniform filling the narrow causeway, the intrepid Kimball leading them. The thunder of the rebel guns was heard ; quick as their flash every man prostrates himself upon his face ; the iron grape and cannister speed overhead, and lodge behind, scattering death among the other troops. The Zouaves mount the parapet upon which their colors are plant- ed, and before the rebel gunners have time to reload, their soldiers are flying in terror to the rear. A prisoner after the battle said : "It was perfectly frightful to witness the mad ■ career in which the Zouaves advanced upon a work which, until that moment, every one in it had supposed to be impregnable." From report of General Parke to General Burnside : The delay in the progress of the troops through the swamp being so great, it was decided to change the course of the 9th N. Y. Regiment, and the order was sent to the Colonel to turn to the left, and charge the battery directly up the road, and the regiment, with a hearty yell and cheer, struck into the road, and made for the battery on the run. The order was given to charge the enemy with fixed bay- onets. This was done in gallant style. Major Kimball taking the lead. The Major was very conspicuous during the movement, and I take great pleasure in commending him to your favorable notice. Col. Hawkins in his report: Upon reaching the battle-ground, I was ordered to outflank the enemy on their left, where they were in position behind an in- trenchment, mounting three guns. After leading the Ninth New York into a marsh, immediately in front of the enemy's work, amidst a heavy fire from them of grape and musketry, the order was given to charge the regiment with fixed bayonets. This was done in gallant style. Major Kimball taki^ig the lead. A friend who served with the Major in Mexico writes to him : My Dear Major: — Glory to God in the highest ! I have just been reading an ac- count of your gallant charge at the head of your boys on Roanoke Island. It fairly made the tears come into my eyes when I read of my old commander's offer to lead the charge, and doing it, too, as no one but he could do it. I would give ten years of my life to have been by your side. I glory in your glory, and would like to shake the hand of every boy of the 9th. God bless the number ! The glorious news from Roanoke tells me that you have been doing to the flag of the rebels what you did to the Mexican flag in '47. I am not disappointed, for I knew that you would allow no one to get nearer the enemy than yourself. Shortly after this battle, Lieut. Col. 126 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Betts, of the regiment, resigned, and Maj. Kimball was promoted to Lieut. Colonel, Feb. 14, 1862. At the battle of South Mills, N. C, Ap. 9, '61, Col. Kimball displayed the same bravery, riding in the midst of the battle, at the head of the " Ninth," or- dered to charge the enemy. This battle, comparatively unheard of, was of the ut- most importance to the country, as it led to the evacuation of the city of Norfolk. The regiment marched 46 miles in 26 hours, in addition to battle. Col. Kim- ball, writing of it to his wife, says : We have had a terrible fight, the hottest fire I was ever under. My horse was shot under me. We lost 73 men from our reg- iment. I escaped, as usual, unhurt. At South Mountain, September 14, the "Ninth" supported Clark's Battery of Regulars, the prelude to " Antietam." Major Judevine had command of the 89th N. Y. The enemy made several fierce charges upon this battery, which was gal- lantly supported by the "Ninth" under its gallant Colonel. After crossing Antie- tam Creek, in the face of a heavy fire by the enemy's sharp-shooters, the enemy took position under the brow of the steep heights, many of the enemy's shells strik- ing in front of them, and ricocheting over their heads before exploding, while others burst in the ranks, killing and wounding the brave boys. Kimball in command, impatiently waiting the order to advance, with sword in hand, stood upon the brow of the hill, the perfect picture of the hero. The long-expected command came, the regiment rashed to the top of the hill, their leader in advance. Storm of shot and shell greeted them. Zou-Zou-Zou ! their war-cry rang wildly above the bat- tle's din. Outstripping far the rest of their line in their daring charge, on they swept. . . . . Men falling at every step far back as could be seen, the track of the regiment strewn with the slain, the brave Kimball or- dered his bugler, Flocton, by his side, to blow the " Assembly of the Ninth." It was done ; the regiment rallied ; they encounter a stone wall ; with a wild cheer they sur- mount it. Here a terrific bayonet fight takes place ; the Zouaves hold their own ; re-inforcements arrive ; the enemy retreat in wild confusion. Kimball writes to his beloved wife : I am out of the hardest-fought battle I was ever in, and probably the hardest fought on this continent. I lost 221 out of 469 of my regiment which I took into action. I got a slight bruise. It was only by the mercy of Divine Providence that any of us escaped. We have fought a great battle, and won a great victory, but the cost has been immense I had my horse shot under me by a shell explosion. He is well, however. For his meritorious conduct in this battle. Col. Kimball was especially men- tioned and thanked in the ofiicial report of Gen. Cox, commanding the 9th army corps. At Fredericksburg, under General Burn- side, the regiment was engaged. Colonel Kimball in command. He writes : Dear Lite: — The cannon are now firing so the very earth quakes ; near 400 of them in action. We get in line in a few min- utes. God knows how soon the line may be broken, and who comes out of to-day. To-day will undoubtedly decide the fate of our nation, and if I fall, God knows I shall do so loving my country. Already has commenced one of the greatest battles of the world. My horse is saddled and before my tent, and we shall attempt to cross the river in a few minutes. God bless you all ! Addison. But with all his dash and intrepidity, many an officer and soldier in the ranks can bear witness that in battle he was cool and collected as on parade. He was no holiday soldier ; he dreaded the horrors of a battle-field, but personally knew no fear; a braver man and truer soldier never lived. He was a patriot, and that patriotism was not born of the rebellion. He had a rev- erence for the old flag. He was often heard to say : It is the proudest flag that floats, and his right arm and his life were always ready in its defence. He fought in other battles as heroically. When Col. Kimball commanded, he al- ways led his men into the battle ; and yet how reluctantly we come to that fatal night, Apr. 12, 1863. On that night the reg- iment lost its father and the nation one of CABOT. 127 its most gallant and heroic defenders — the hero of sixteen battles, in which he had been the " bravest of the brave," and that not by the sword, nor by the bayonet of the enemy ; the regiment could have borne that ; but he was mercilessly shot down in cold blood by an officer of the same army, most recreant deed ! By order from Gen. Dix, the regiment in command of Gen. Peck, left Pittsmouth for Suffolk the eve of the 12th, marching the distance of 30 miles, and coming in at I o'clock at night the 13th. The troops were ordered to be under arms at 3 o'clock. Col. Kimball was tired and worn out, but his soldierly instincts would not let him sleep until, an attack being expected, he had made inspection of the ground. While thus engaged, on foot, with no weapon but his sword, he encountered a body of horse- men, and soldier as he was, on his own camp-ground, he immediately ordered a halt, and demanded the countersign, plac- ing his hand at the same time upon the hilt of his sword, as if in the act of draw- ing it. The body of horsemen were Brig- adier General Michael Corcoran, who was officer of the day, and his staff, who, with- out a word of warning, drew a pistol from his holster and fired, the ball striking the Colonel in, and passing through, his neck. Fool-hardy and terrible blunder ! The news spread through camp like wild- fire. The regiment was frantic. They could not realize at first the lament- able, and to them costly, situation of affairs. He, for whom they all thought no bullet was ever cast, shot down in cold blood. Their indignation knew no bounds, and they demanded immediate court- martial, and refused to do duty, and threat- ened dire vengeance unless it was done. It was not until Gen. Getty promised imme- diate investigation, they were restrained. There was no justification for the act. It was entirely dastardly. Col. Kimball was alone, without his fire-arms, on foot ; Gen. Corcoran was accompanied by his staff, himself and all armed, on horseback. He could have had Kimball arrested by one of his staff officers if he had deemed it proper, but Col. Kimball was only in the perform- ance of a duty upon his own ground. The arrogant and hot Corcoran was piqued by having the countersign demanded of him. Napoleon was stopped by a sentinel. Washington was stopped by a sentinel ; Frederick the Great. Did any of these great commanders shoot their sentinel? Would it not have been more manly, more soldierly, in General Corcoran to have either given or demanded the countersign, than thus hastily to have shot that brave man and officer on his own ground. In any other country it would have been murder. But General Corcoran met his deserts. Not long afterwards, while out riding, he fell from his horse and broke his neck. The body was embalmed, and under an escort detailed from the regiment, and a committee from the city authorities, was brought to New York, where it lay in state in the Governor's rooms at the City Hall, and thousands of people viewed the re- mains, and shed tears as they gazed upon the dead soldier, whose bravery in battle was upon the lips of all. Never was the dead admired more by his audience. Of what avail to him so ruthlessly slain ? The flag draped his coffin, and the flag was covered with the most beautiful flowers ; depended from the sweetest flower-cluster, "We mourn our loss." The sword, belt and cap lay among the flowers. The dog which had followed its master through all his campaigns, lay crouched beneath, des- olate and inconsolable, faithful and true to the last. Six war-worn Zouaves bore the coffin to the hearse ; the military escort presented arms ; a salvo of 21 gims was fired from a battery in the park ; Battalion of police, under Capt. Mills ; First Regiment N. G. S. N. Y. (Cavalry) Lieut. Col. Minten, com- manding ; Sixty-ninth Regiment, Major Bagley, commanding ; Seventy-first Reg- iment, Col. Trafford, commanding ; with arms reversed ; volunteer officers ; with the faithful dog; the Col's, horse, led by his old, orderly Sergeant ; hearse drawn by six horses drajDed in mourning, flanked by the pall-bearers and Cols. Roome, Varain, Maidhoff, Ward, Mason, Lieut. Cols. Grant 128 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. and Burke ; widow and friends in car- riages ; officers of the ist Division N. G. S. N. Y. Detacliment of the original Hawkins Zouaves ; Detachment of the Second Bat- talion of Hawkins Zouaves ; the Mayor and Common Council in carriages ; citizens in carriages ; upon public and private build- ings flags at half-mast ; the procession moved to Greenwood. The regiment placed a handsome mon- ument over his grave. Colonel Kimball was 40 years of age, 10 mos. The Zouave Militia Regiment, formed of the surviving members of the regiment, named for him their first Co. in 1865: " E. A. Kimball Post 100." A large and handsome paint- ing of him adorns the Post-room, and every May, the remnant of that old reg- iment go down to Greenwood to decorate his grave. ♦ Nor sliall your slory be forgot, Wliile fame her record keeps ; Or lioiior points tlie hallowed spot Wliere valor proudly sleeps. historian's note. THE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS OF THE WRITEK. At the regular March meeting, 1 88 1 , the selectmen were instructed to agree with some one, at a reasonable compensation, to write the history of Cabot. Accordingly the one whose name stands at the head of this paper was engaged for the task. To me it has been a very pleasant undertaking, although at times somewhat discouraging, on account of the difficulty in gathering statistics and information as closely as I wished ; but I have discharged the duties to the best of my ability, with what I had to do with, and I hope that my labors have not been wholly in vain, but that these pages may be of some interest to those who shall read them now, that we may see something of the sufferings and priva- tions that the first settlers endured to bring about the comforts with which we are sur- rounded ; and when another century shall have passed, and the historian shall take his pen to record its history, may he find as many noble and commendable acts in those upon the stage at the present time to record, as we have found in those who have preceded us in the past one hundred years. Those who have most kindly assisted me in this labor are not only worthy of my thanks, but the unfeigned gratitude of the whole town, and the Editor who has undertaken, and carried so near to com- pletion, the noble work of gathering up the history of each town in the State, coming generations should rise up and call her blessed. J. M. F. July, 1881. CALAIS. BY JAMES K. TOBEY AND. EDWIN E. ROBINSON. Location : In the north-easterly part of Washington Co. ; bounded northerly by Woodbury, easterly by Marshfield, south- erly by East Montpelier, westerly by Wor- cester. The easterly line passes its entire length along the summit of the ridge, di- viding the valley of the Winooski in Marshfield from the territory drained by Kingsbury branch, and the westerly line about half a mile west of, and nearly pai- allel with, the ridge dividing the waters of Kingsbury branch from those of North branch in Worcester. The northerly line crosses the southern portion of two quite large ponds, that receive the streams, draining the southern and central portions of Woodbury about one-third of the surface of that town. From Sabin pond, the most easterly of these, Kingsbury branch flows southerly, leaving the town near the S. E. corner. Nelson pond, near the middle of the north line, discharges its waters southerly into Wheelock pond, the largest in town, and thence by the Center branch southerly and easterly into Kingsbury branch, some 2 miles from the S. E. corner of the town. About a mile from the west line, and near its middle, is Curtis pond, discharging its waters S. E. into the Center branch. Near the center bf the town, and a mile and a half farther south, this branch re- ceives the waters from Bliss pond, in the S. W. part of the town. All the pondsand streams above mentioned, except Center branch, received their names from early settlers in their vicinity. Near the middle of the south line is Sodom pond, discharg- CALMS. i29 ing its waters into the Winooski near East Montpelier village. Kingsbury branch drains about four-fifths of the surface of the town ; of the remainder about two- thirds is drained into North branch, and the rest into Sodom pond. Among our highest points of land are Hersey and Robinson hills, in the western ridge near Worcester line. These are cleared to their summits, excellent j^asture, and affording fine views of nearly the whole town, and eastward to the eastern range of the Green Mountains, with an occasional glimpse of the White'Mountains beyond, while at the west the view includes nearly all of Worcester, and is bounded by the mountains in the western part of that town. The surface is quite broken, but there is very little land in town not available for farm purposes. The soil is generally a fertile loam, in places of a lighter charac- ter, inclining to sand. The underlying rock is slate and limestone, often inter- mixed, and furnishing enough small stones in the surface soil to constantly remind the ploughman that, having put his hand to the plough, he should not look back. At the same time the soil is comparatively free from "cobble stones" and boulders except in limited localities. The General Assembly of the State, in se.ssion at Arlington, October 21st, 1780, Resolved, that there be, and we Do hereby, grant unto Colonel Jacob Davis, Mr. Stephen Fay and Company, to the Number of Sixty, a Township of Land by the Name of Calais, Situated in this State, Bounded as follows, and lying East of, and adjoining to, Worcester, and north of Montpelier, Containing Twenty-three Thousand and forty acres, and the Gov- ernor and Council are hereby Requested to State the fees for Granting Said tract, and Issue a Grant under such Restrictions and Regulations as they shall Judge Proper. — Extract from the Journals. R. Hopkins, clerk. The same day in Council it was Resolved, that the fees for granting the said tract be, and they are hereby, set at four hundred and Eighty Pounds LawfuU Money in silver, or an Equivalent in Con- tinental Currency, to be Paid by the said Jacob Davis, Stephen Fay, or their Attor- ney, on the Execution of the Charter of incorporation on or before the first Day of January Next. — Extract from the minutes. Joseph Fay, Sec'y. One month after the grant was made, the first recorded meeting of the propri- etors was held, and the following record made : At Public Meeting of the Proprietors of the Township of Calais, at the house of Mr. Elisha Thomson, Inholder in Charlton, Mass., November 20th, 1780, came to the following votes, [viz.] [58 Present] : istly. Voted and Chose Colo. Jacob Davis, Moderator. 2dly. Voted and Chose Stephen Fay, Proprietor's Clerk. 3dly. Voted that Mr. Stephen Fay to apply to the Authority of the State of Ver- mont for the Charter of incorporation of s'd Township, and for Each Proprietor to pay their Money to him, the s'd Fay, the sum of Eight Pounds silver money, or Cont'l. Currency equivalent thereto, it being in full for Granting fees for each Right in said Township. By the thirtieth day of December Next (or be excluded from any further Right or Property in Said Township.) 4thly. for the Clerk to give Notice of the above article by Posting. 5thly. Voted for each Proprietor to Pay their Equal Proportion of their Agents time and expenses to obtain the grant of said Township by the nth Day of De- cember next, and for the Clerk to enter their names, or cause their names to be entered, in the Charter of said Township. 6thly. Voted to adjourn this Meeting to the first Wednesday in April next, at one o'clock afternoon, to this place. Errors Excepted. Attest, Ste'n. Fay, Pro. Clerk. There is no record of the adjourned meeting, and probably none was held, and the proprietors do not seem to have met the requirements of the grant in regard to payment of the granting fee, as shown : Arlington, 29th of Jan'y. 1781. Rec'd of Mr. Stephen Fay, Two Hun- dred and Thirty-three Pounds, fourteen Shillings and three Pence, LawfuU money. Towards Granting fees of the Town of Calais. Rec'd. Pr. Me, Thomas Chittenden, Committee. The time of paying the balance was ex- tended to March following : Arlington, loth of September, 1781. Rec'd of Stephen Fay, By the hand of Noah Chittenden, three Pounds, thirteen 17 130 VERMONT HlSTORICALlMAGAZlNE. Shillings, as Part of the Granting fees of the Town of Calais. Rec'd by me, Thomas Chittenden. Boston, 28th of September, 1781. Rec'd of Col. Jacob Davis, Two Hun- dred and forty- two Pounds, Twelve Sliil- lings and Ninepence in full of the Grant- ing fees of the Town of Calais, in the State of Vermont, within mentioned. Pr. Noah Chittenden. Previous to the payment of the two last mentioned sums, the charter was issued : Unto the said Jacob Davis, Stephen Fay, and to the several persons hereafter named, their associates [viz] : Ephraim Starkweather, Lemuel KoHock, Noah Good- man, Seth Washburn, Joseph Dorr, Justin Ely, Abel Goodell, Shubal Peck, Nathan Tyler, David Wheelock, Nehemiah Stone, Nehemiah Stone, Jun'r., Phinehas Slay- ton, Phinehas Slayton, Jun'r., Daniel Bacon, JunV., Henry Fisk, Jun'r., Peter Wheelock, Sarah Davis, Ezra Davis, Dan- iel Steeter, Eli Jones, Josiah Town, Peter Sleeman, Salem Town, Samuel Robinson, of Charlton, Ebenezer White, Jun'r., Eli Wheelock, John Mower, David Hammond, Elisha Thomson, Caleb Ammidown, Na- thaniel Wellington, Peter Taft, William Ware, David Fisk, David Fay, of Charl- ton, Thomas Foskett, Marvin Mower, Jer- emiah Davis, Job Rutter, Jonathan Tucker, Richard Coburn, Jonathan Rich, Ebenezer Allen [Clerk], Abijah Lamb, Ebenezer Lamb, Edward Woolcott, Lemuel Ed- wards, Abner Mellen, JobMerrit, William Comins, Isaiah Rider, Samuel Fay, Elisha Town, Oliver Starkweather, John Stark- weather, Bezaleel Mann and John Morey. The usual reservation of iive rights for public uses follows in the charter, and then the boundaries. And that the same be, and hereby is, incorporated into a town- ship by the name of Calais. The charter closes with the following : Conditions and Reservations, viz. : that each Proprietor in the Township of Calais, aforesaid, his Heirs or Assigns, shall Plant and Cultivate five acres of land, and build an house at least eighteen feet square on the floor, or have one family settled on each respective Right within the term of three years next after the circumstances of the War will admit of a settlement with safety, on Penalty of the forfeiture of each respective Right of land in said Township not so improved or settled, and the same to revert to the Freemen of this State, to be by their Representatives regranted to such Persons as shall appear to settle and cultivate the same. That all Pine Timber suitable for a Navy be reserved for the use and Benefit of the Freemen of this State. In Testimony whereof we have caused the seal of this State to be affixed. In Council this Fifteenth Day of August, Anno Domini, one Thousand seven Hun- dred and Eighty-one, In the 5th year of the Independence oi this, and Sixth of the United States. Thos. Chittenden. Joseph Fay, Sec'y. As to the name given this town, we have no positive knowledge, and even tradition is silent, but it seems reasonable to sup- pose that Colonel Jacob Davis suggested the name of Calais, as he is known to have done of Montpelier. He was largely in- terested in these two proposed towns, the petitions for both grants were probably made at the same time, as they came be- fore the General Assembly together, and as the leading, active spirit in the enter- prise, it was but natural that he should suggest the names. He had become prej- udiced against the custom, so common among the settlers, of giving the name of the old home to the new, and wishing to avoid this in his selection of names, his at- tention was naturally drawn to France, rather than England, by her attitude toward this country at that time, and per- haps, also by thought of a prior claim upon Verd Mont through her daring and gallant son Champlain. And so it came about that two of the beautiful old cities of France had namesakes in the Green Mountain wilderness. The second proprietors' meeting on record was held at the house of Maj. Salem Town, in-holder in Charlton, May 18, 1783, when tlie following officers were elected : Col. Jacob Davis, moderator ; Stephen Fay, Pr. clerk ; Dea. Nehemiah Stone, treasurer; Maj. Salem Town, Capt. Sam'l Robinson, Mr. Peter Taft, assessors ; Capt. Peter Sleeman, collector ; Col. Jacob Davis, Capt. Peter Sleeman, Capt. Sam'l Robin- son, a committee to lot out s'd lands. Ad- journed, to meet at the .same place, August 20, 1783, (when there was) "granted a Tax of three silver dollars on each Right of Land (exclusive of the Public Rights) to Defray the back charges that have arisen. CALAIS. 131 and also to enable the Committee to Lott out said Township." This was the first tax laid upon the town of Calais, and it Vas probably immediately following this meeting the first attempt to survey the town was made. The following is from Hon. Shubael Wheeler's account of Calais, published in Thompson's Gazetteer : In the summer of 1783, the proprietors sent a committee, consisting of Col. Jacob Davis, Capt. Samuel Robinson and others, to survey a division of this town of 160 acres to the right. " A Mr. Brush, from Bennington, was the surveyor. The com- mittee and surveyor found their way to Calais with their necessary stores, and after running four lines on the north side of the first division, they abandoned the survey. Of their stores, then left, was a much-valued keg, containing about 10 gallons of good W. l.rum, which in coun- cil, they determined should be buried, which ceremony was said to have been performed with much solemnity, and a sturdy maple, towering above the sur- rounding trees on the westerly side of Long (Curtis) pond, with its ancient and honorable scars, still marks the conse- crated spot." At the next meeting .of the proprietors, held Dec. 25, 1783, " the Committee Re- ported by Presenting a Plan of said Town- ship, Part of the first Division Lotts sur- veyed as said Committe saith." Sixty-four of these first division lots, each one-haif mile square, are included in a scjuare of 4 miles on each side. It is supposed that these lots were intended to have been in the center of the town, leav- ing an undivided space one mile wide on either side of them, but by .some mistake, their north-easterly boundary is only y] rods from the town line. At the s'd meeting, Dec. 1783, this first division was drawn by lot to the several proprietors, and they also voted and granted a tax of 54^, 8s. 8d. silver money, assessed on the rights of land, exclusive of public rights. Apr. 26, 1784, a meeting was held, and the following officers elected to fill vacan- cies occasioned by resignations : Major Salem Town, treasurer; Caleb Ammidown, Esq. and Lieut. Jonathan Tucker, assessors; after, nothing for 2 years seems to have been done toward completing the survey or settling the town- ship. May 29, 1786, a meeting held; Capt. Samuel Robinson chosen to make applica- tion to a justice in Vermont, for a warrant to call a proprietors' meeting agreeably to the laws of that State, at the house ol Maj. Calvin Parkhurst, in Royalton, August 15, following, Aug. I, 1786, a meeting held; instructions given to proprietors who should attend the meeting at Royalton. The de- sign seems to have been at this time to bring the transactions of the proprietors within the jurisdiction of Vermont, by authorizing the surveying party about to leave for this State, to hold meetings here. Warrant granted by the Hon. Moses Robinson, published in the Vert/ioitt Ga- zette, June 26, 1786; this being the first meeting held in Vermont, we will give the record in full : At a Proprietors' Meeting, held at Maj'r Calvin Parkhurst's, in Royalton, in the State of Vermont, on Tuesday, the fifteenth Day of August, 1 786, Proceeded as follow- eth [viz.] : istly. Voted and chose Capt. Samuel Robinson, Moderator. 2dly. Voted and chose Mr. Stephen Fay, Pro. Clerk. 3dly. Voted and chose Mr. Eben'r Waters, Clerk pro tem ; Voted and chose Maj'r Calvin Parkhurst, Collector. 4thly. Voted and chose Dea'n Nehe- miah Stone, Treasurer. 5thly. Voted to establish the former Votes of said ProiDrietors (except such as refer to the sale of Lands and a former vote to Raise Twelve Shillings on each Propri- etor's Right, to Defray Charges.) 6thly. Voted that the Proprietors com- plete the Survey of the first Division Lotts already begun in said Township ; also to lay out a second Division of Lotts in said Town to each Proprietor. 7thly. Voted and chose a Committee of five for the above Purpose. Sthly. Voted and chose Mr. Eben'r Waters their Surveyor and one of the Com- mittee, and Capt. Sam'l Robinson, Lieut. Jonathan Tucker, Mr. Eben'r Stone and Mr. Parla Davis for their Committee. gthly. Voted that the above Committee be Empowered to Draw the Second Di- vision Lots when the survey of the same is completed. 132 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. lothly. Voted for those Proprietors that have advanced Money more than their Pro- portion of Taxes, Interest until paid. iithly. Voted to adjourn this Meeting to Thursday, Seventh Day of September Next, one o'clock P. M., to the Grand Camp in Calais, in the County of Addison, in the State of Vermont. After the above meeting, the committee started for " Grand Camp." I again copy from Judge Wheeler's account : In August, 1786, Capt. Samuel Robin- son, E. Waters, J. Tucker, E. Stone and Gen. Parley Davis came from Charlton to complete the survey of the first division and survey another. This party, after ar- riving at the settlement nearest this place, which was at Middlesex, laden with pro- vision, cooking utensils, blankets, axes, surveying instruments, etc., passed a dis- tance of 13 or 14 miles to the camp erected by the party, who commenced the survey three years previous ; often on the way ex- pressing their anxiety to arrive, that they might regale themselves with the pure spirit which had been permitted to slumber three years, and which they imagined must be much improved in quality by its long rest ; but judge of their surprise, astonish- ment and chagrin when in raising the earth they discovered the hoops liad be- come rotten, the staves parted, and the long-anticipated beverage had escaped. Whatever tears were shed, or groans ut- tered, at the burial of the keg, they were not to be compared with the bitter agonies of its disinterment. The party must have soon recovered from their disappointment, and proceeded to their work with a will, for in less than a month from the meeting at Royalton, they were on their way homeward, with the survey of the first and second divisions completed. The following record was made of the first meeting held in town : Sept. 7th, 1786, Grand Camp in Calais, the Proprietors met according to adjourn- ment. istly. Voted to and Drawed the Second Division Lots in said Calais. 2dly. Voted to adjourn this Meeting to Wednesday, the thirteenth Day of Sep- tember, this Instant Month, at eight o'clock P. M., to the house of Mr. Seth Putnam, in Middlesex. Eben'r Waters, Clerk, Pro teni. The two next meetings were held by the party while on their homeward journey. From the reco'xl of the first of these : istly. Voted to give to any Person that will erect a Good Grist-Mill and a good Saw-Mill within Two years from this date, as near the Middle of said Township of Calais as he conveniently can, shall have one hundred Spanish Milled Dollars and one hundred acres of Land in said Town- ship. 2dly. to give to Mrs. Dolley Putnam, wife of Mr. Seth Putnam, one hundred acres of Land in said Calais, Provided she shall Move into said Town before the last Day of June next, and continue to Live in said Town of Calais Two years at least. Adjourned, to meet two days afterward at the house of Calvin Parkhurst, in Roy- alton. The following record shows the party to have been early risers ; given for an ex- ample : September 15th, 1786, the Proprietors met, according to the adjournment. istly. Voted and chose Lieut. Jonathan Tucker, Clerk, Pro tem. 2dly. Voted to adjourn this meeting until to-morrow Morning, at six o'clock, to this Place. The following day (Saturday) was spent in adjusting and allowing accounts for ser- vices and money advanced, and providing for their payment, and in arranging various other matters mostly pertaining to the fi- nances of the proprietary. The Record closes : I5thly. voted to adjourn this meeting to the second Tuesday in June next, at Nine o'clock A M., to this Place. Attest, JoNA. Tucker, Clerk Pro tem. Previous to the time to which the meet- ings in Vermont were adjourned, as above, three meetings were held in Charlton, Jan. I, 1787, at the house of Capt. Samuel Rob- inson, the accounts of the surveying com- mittee under consideration. Voted to leave it with the Committee's generosity whether to abate any of their Charges or not. Mar. I, 1787, Daniel Streeter, Caleb Ammidown, Phinehas Slayton, Sam'l Rob- inson and Peter Wheelock chosen a com- mittee to agree with Esquire Kollock (who had drawn the lot on which the first mill was built some 6 years afterwards) to build mills on his right, or dispose of it to some one who would agree to build. CALAIS. 133 The last recorded meeting of the pro- prietors in Massachusetts was May 21, 1787, at the house of Salem Town, in Charlton, where all previous meetings not otherwise noted had been held. Dea. Daniel Streeter was chosen agent to act for the proprietors, under instructions at this time given him, at the meeting to be held in Middlesex the next month. In accordance with a warrant published in the Vermont Gazette of May 21, 1787, a meeting was held the 15th of June follow- ing, at the house of Seth Putnam, in Mid- dlesex, when Jacob Davis, Daniel Streeter and Peter Wheelock were chosen to lay out and make roads, and a tax of 12s. per right voted for that purpose. At a meeting held at the house of Col. Davis, in Montpelier, in September follow- ing, $1 per right was added to the road tax, and each proprietor was to have the privilege of working out his portion of the tax at 5s. per day, " they finding their own boarding." The following account of settlements begun this year is given by Judge Wheeler : The settlement was commenced in the spring of 1787, by Francis West, from Plymouth Co. Mass., who begun felling timber in a lot adjoining Montpelier. The first permanent settlers, however, were Abijah, Asa and Peter Wheelock, who started from Charlton, June 5, 1787, with awagon, two yoke of oxen, provisions, tools, etc., and arrived at Williamstown, within 21 miles of Calais, the 19th. They had hitherto found the roads al- most impassable. Here they were obliged to leave their wagon. Taking a few nec- essary articles upon a sled, they proceeded towards this town, cutting their way and building causeways as they passed along. After a journey of two days, and encamp- ing two nights in the woods, they arrived at Col. Jacob Davis' log hut, in Mont- pelier, where they left their oxen to graze upon the wild grass, leeks and shrubbery with which the woods abounded, and pro- ceeded to Calais, and opened a resolute attack upon the forest. They returned to Charlton in October. Francis West also left town, and returned the following spring, as did also Abijah and Peter Wheelock, accompanied by Moses Stone. This year they built log houses, the Wheelocks and Stone return- ing to Massachusetts to spend the follow- ing winter, and West to Middlesex. In this year, also. Gen. Parley Davis, afterward a resident of Montpelier Center, cut and put up two or three stacks of hay upon a beaver meadow in Montpelier, upon a lot adjoining Calais, (now known as the Nahum Templeton farm) a part ot which hay was drawn to Col. Davis\ in Montpelier, in the following winter, which served partially to break a road from Mont- pelier to Calais line. In 1788, two proprietors' meetings were held, one June 3, at the house of Col. Davis, and Sept. 30, at Peter Wheelock's new house, in Calais. At the last meeting Peter Wheelock was chosen proprietor's clerk, and the meeting adjourned to June 2, 1 787, at the same place, but as Wheelock had not returned from Charlton, the record simply shows an adjournment to the i6th of June, at the house of Col. Davis, in Montpelier, when Moses Stone was chosen collector, and the meeting adjourned to meet Nov. 10, at his house in Calais. In 1790, four proprietors' meetings were held at the house of Peter Wheelock. At the one June 8, 1791, Dea. Daniel Streeter, Samuel Fay, Peter Wheelock, Godard Wheelock, Daniel Bacon, Moses Stone, James Jennings, Abijah Wheelock, Shubel Short, Jesse Slayton, Capt. Samuel Rob- inson, Ebenezer Stone, Parley Davis, Col. Jacob Davis, Moses Harskell, Francis West, presented accounts for work done on the highways in town. The whole amount allowed was 72^. There were recorded present at this meeting : James Jennings, Samuel Twiss, Shubel Short, Asa Wheelock, Francis West, Ed- ward Tucker, Abijah Wheelock, Moses Harskell, Peter Wheelock. June 6, 1792, Col. Jacob Davis, Abijah Wheelock and Peter Wheelock were chosen a committee to survey the undivided lands, and make a 3d division, and Col. Davis and Samuel Twiss were given the privilege of •' pitching" 400 acres of the undivided land, provided they should build and com- plete a good saw-mill and a good corn-mill within a year. From record of a meeting, Oct. 2, 1793 : istly. Voted to accept of the Corn-Mill & Saw-mill built in Calais, by Col. Jacob 134 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Davis and Mr. Sam'I Twiss, they being done according to agreement. Jan 21, 1794, Joshua Bliss was chosen pro treasurer ; at a meeting held Feb. 6, 1794, 40 rights were represented as fol- lows : Jacob Davis, 26; James Jennings, i; Saml Twiss, 5 ; Sam'l Fay, 3 ; Jedediah Fay, I ; Peter Wheelock, 4. Voted to accept the survey of the Third Division, and establish the Corners as the Committee have made them. The proprietors' record closes with a meeting held June 5, 1794, when the third division lots were drawn to the several proprietors, by Kelso Gray and Spaulding Fearce, appointed for that purpose, and in March following the town was organized. The first families settling in town came in the spring of 1789. Judge Wheeler tells the story of their journey as follows : In February or March, 1789, Francis West moved his family on to his farm, where he lived several years. Also, in March of this year, Abijah Wheelock, with his family, Moses Stone, Samuel Twiss. with his new married lady, accompanied by Gen. Davis, from Charlton, arrived at Col. Davis' house, in Montpelier, with sev- eral teams. His house was a mere rude hut, constructed of logs 20 feet in length, with but one apartment, a back built at one end for a fire-place, and covered with bark, with a hole left in the roof for the smoke to escape ; and this on their arrival they found to be preoccupied by several families, emigrants from Peterboro, N. H., and in that mansion of felicity there dwelt for about a fortnight, three families with children in each, one man and his wife re- cently married, three gentlemen then en- joying a state of single blessedness, and a young lady ; and among the happy group were some of the first settlers of Calais. On the 13th of April, racket-paths having been previously broken, Messrs Wheelock, Twiss and Stone prepared hand-sleds, loaded thereon their beds, and some light articles of furniture, and accompanied by Mrs. Wheelock and Mrs. Twiss, and Gen. Davis, proceeded to this town over snow 3 feet in depth, Mrs. Wheelock traveling the whole distance on foot, and carrying in her arms an infant 4 months old, while their son, about 2 years of age, was drawn upon the hand-sled. Mrs. Twiss, the re- cently married lady, also performed the same journey on foot, making use of her broom for a walking-cane. During the day, the snow became soft. and in crossing a marshy piece of ground, Mrs. Twiss slumped with one foot, and sank to considerable depth, and was unable to arise. Gen. Davis, withal! the gallantry of a young woodsman, pawed away the snow with his hands, seized her below the knee, and extricated her. This incident was a source of no small merriment to the party generally, of mortification to the amiable sufferer, and gratification to Mrs. Wheelock, who felt herself secretly piqued that Mrs. Twiss did not offer to bear her precious burden some part of the distance. They arrived in safety the same day, and commenced the permanent settlement of the town. A large rock, now in the orchard on the farm owned by J. W. E. Bliss, once formed the end and fire-place to the log cabin of the first settlers of Calais. In 1790, James Jennings arrived with a family. In the winter of 1794, Mr. Jen- nings, being upwards of 60 years of age, lost his life by fatigue and frost, while on his return through the woods from Mont- pelier to this place. There was not at this time a sufficient number of men to constitute a jury of inquest. The first settlers lived at some distance from each other, and it was not uncommon for a woman to travel several miles to visit a neighbor, and return home after dark through the woods, brandishing a fire- brand to enable her to discover the marked trees. For one or two years the settlers brought the grain for their families and for seed from Williamstown, Brookfield and Royalton, a distance of 30 miles or more. After they began to raise grain in town, they had to carry it 15 miles to mill. This they did in winter, by placing several bags of grain upon the neck of an ox, and driving his mate before him to beat the path. Dates, as near as can be determined, when some of the first settlers moved their families into town : Francis West, Abijah Wheelock and Samuel Twiss in the spring of 1789 ; Peter Wheelock and Moses Has- kell in the fall of that year ; James Jennings in 1790 ; Asa Wheelock and David Good- ale in 1791 ; Edward Tucker and others in 1792, and in 1799, considerable additions were made to the settlement. On Mar. 2, 1795, David Wing, Jr., of Montpelier, issued a warrant notifying the inhabitants of Calais to meet at the house of Peter Wheelock, on the 23d of that month, to choose all necessary town officers and transact any other necessary business. CALAIS. 135 At this, the first town meeting, the offi- cers chosen were : Joshua Bliss, mod- erator ; PeterWheelock, town clerk ; Joshua Bliss, Edward Tucker and Jonas Comins, selectmen ; Samuel Fay, treasurer ; Jonas Comins, collector and constable ; Jedediah Fay, Abijah Wheelock and Aaron Bliss, listers ; Amos Ginnings, grand juryman ; Edward Tucker, Frederick Bliss and God- dard Wheelock, surveyors of highways ; Amos Ginnings, sealer of leather; Moses Haskell, keeper of the pound ; John Grain, tithingman ; Aaron Bliss, JanTes Ginnings, Samuel Fay and Jennison Wheelock, hay wardens; Asa Wheelock, Stephen Fay and Abraham Howland, fence viewers ; Jona- than Tucker, sealer of weights and meas- ures. Voted that the place of posting and holding freeman's, and other town meet- ings, be at the house of Peter Wheelock. In September following, Peter Wheelock was chosen to the General Assembly. Thos. Chittenden received 8 votes for Governor, and Isaac Tichenor, 7 votes. For David Wing, Jr., for treasurer, and for each of the councillors, 17 votes were cast. At a town-meeting Sept. 5, 1797, it was Voted that the Town petition the Gen- eral Assembly of the State at their next session to alter the name of this town from Calais to Mount Vernon, and that the ex- pense of such alteration be paid from the town treasury. In the same year, a meeting was warned for the purpose of electing a Representa- tive to Congress, to fill a vacancy occasioned by the member-elect refusing to serve. The record of the meeting closes as fol- lows : "No votes being offered, the meeting was dissolved." The warning for the town meeting, March, 1800, contains: "6th. To see what measures the Town will take to keep in employ Idle and Indolent persons who do not employ themselves," but at the meeting the article was " passed over." In 1813, what funds had accumulated for " support of worship," nearly $40 were given to Elder Benjamin Putnam, and in 18 1 5, the amount then on hand was voted to Elder Benjamin Page. At this time there had been received on the right granted to the first settled minister, $628.34. Of this, $284.80 had been appropriated for town expenses, and $100 for support of schools. In March, 181 5, the committee to settle with the town treasurer found that 38 pounds of lead had been lent out of the town stock to Samuel Rich, Esq. In 18 1 8, it was voted that the selectmen provide a house for the poor, and that the money arising from lands appropriated to the use of first-settled ministers be used for town expenses. In 1829, that town officers be allowed $1 per day. 1827, Caleb Curtis was authorized to .sell the town military stores, and in 1828, the powder on hand was presented to the La Fayette Artillery Co. In 1836, Alonzo Pearce, Jesse White and Lovel Kelton were chosen a committee to locate and build a town-house near the center of the town, and the freeman's meet- ing, held Sept. 5, 1837, was called at the center school-house, and adjourned to the new town-house, but it was not completed at that time, and the first meeting warned there was in March, 1839. Previous to this, meetings had been held : In 1795, and '6, and freeman's meeting in '97, at Peter Wheelock's : town meet- ings, 1797, 1800, '2 and '4, at Asa Whee- lock's ; freeman's meetings, 1798, '9, 1800, and town meeting, '99, at Abdiel Bliss's ; town meetings, 1801 and '3, and freeman's meeting, from 1801 to 1804, at Alpheus Bliss's ; all meetings from 1805 to spring of 1808, at Isaac Kendall's ; from fall of 1808 to 1817, at Gideon Wheelock's; then at^ Center school-house until 1839 ; since 1868, at the vestry of the Christian church. TOWN OFFICERS. CLERKS.-Peter Wheelock, 1795 to 1801 ; Gideon Hicks, 1802 to 9, and 18 18 to 47 ; Gideon Wheelock, 18 10 to 15 ; Lemuel Perry, 18 16, 17; Nelson A. Chase, 1848 to 64 ; Alonzo Pearce, 1865 ; Marcus Ide, 1866 to 75 ; Samuel O. Robinson, 1876 to 81. [For remainder of tables, see last page.] ROADS. The first record of the roads in town was made Mar. 4, 1799, the names of presen 136 VERMONT HISTORICAL MACa2INE. owners or occupants being in parenthesis ; Beginning at the south line of the town by Duncan Young's (Sodom), Capt. Abdiel BHss' (A. S. Bliss), Edward Tucker's, (W. H. Kelton), Peter Wheelock's (S. S. Fuller's) Jedediah Fay's (A. C. Guernsey), the mills (S. O. Robinson) Gideon Whee- lock's (J. W. Hall) and Levi Wright's, (Otis Rickord) to the north line of the town. A road leaving the above north of Levi Wright's, by Holden Wilbur's (J. Q. Haskell) to Amos Jennings' (Mrs. Balen- entine). A road from Edward Tucker's by Joshua Bliss, 2d, (J. W. E. Bliss) David Bliss (A. Sanders), Rufus Green's (Lewis Wood), Abijah Wheelock's (B. Wheeler), Joel Robinson's (Harvey Ains- worth), Thomas Hathaway (C. A. Wat- son), to Caleb Curtis' (A. J. Mower). From the N. W. corner of Abijah Whee- lock's lot (Kent's Corner) , to the first-men- tioned road, below the mills (near T. C. Holt's). From near Edward Tucker's by Winslow Pope's (south of A. D. Sparrow), to Ethel Steward's (O. A. Wood). From Peter Wheelock's by his saw-mill, (on the brook north of Caleb Bliss) by Shubel Shortt's (T. LeBarron) and David Fuller's (A. P. Slayton) toMontpelierline. From Abdiel Bliss' by James Jennings', Isaac Kendall's (E. L. Burnap) Abraham Howland's (on lot east of Burnap's) , cross- ing the East branch, and by Jennison Wheelock's (AlfredWheelock's) and David Goodell's (S. Bancroft), to Asa Wheelock's (Isaac Stanton). From near Isaac Ken- dall's to Samuel White's (Kelso Gray). From near Isaac Kendall's, southerly by ^Simeon Slayton's, Jesse Slayton's (Jerra Slayton), Oliver Palmer's (Luther Con- verse) , Goddard Wheelock's (E. Pray) and Elnathan Hathaway's (L. M. Gate) to Montpelier line. From Oliver Palmer's to Gershom Palmer's (W. P. Slayton). From the south line of the town by Stephen Fay's (Walter Merritt) Phinehas Davis' (J. P. Carnes), Joshua Bliss' (L. Con- verse), Elijah White's (G. Holmes), Asa Wheelock's, Samuel Fay's (Palmer Paine), Amasa Tucker's (Henry Wells) Aaron Bliss' (Elias Smith), Noah Bliss' (C. H. French), Jonathan Tucker's, (Marcus Waite), Jonas Comings' (N. W. Bliss) and Noah C. Clark's, to Marshfield line. From Jennison Wheelock's by Asahel Pearce's (W. Lilley) to Aaron Lamb's. From Joshua Lilley's (L. G. Dwinell), to Aaron Bliss'. This record no doubt describes all the roads in town at that time, but some other settlements had been made. Ebenezer Goodenough was on the farm where C. B. Marsh now lives; John Crane where Zalmon Pearce lives ; Moses Has- kell had been ten years or more on C. S. Bennett's farm ; at about the date of this record, Zoath Tobey began on C. O. Adams' farm ; Elisha Doan on the lot north of Harvey Ainsworth's ; Frederic Bliss owned the lot where G. B. W. Bliss now lives ; Simon Davis the land where W. C. Bugbee lives, and Solomon Janes, Salem Wheelock and Jonathan Eddy were residents, but their location at that time is not satisfactorily determined. In 1810, II, all the roads in town were surveyed, and the record shows the follow- ing roads not described above : The west county road was surveyed in 1808, and the road from it to Sodom was opened pre- vious to 1810 ; also from the county road to Edward Tucker's. From the county road near Thomas Hathaway's, by the center of the town, to Aaron Lamb's. From Marsh- field line westerly by Aaron Bliss', Zoath Tobey's (Dr. Asa George) Lilley's Mills (Moscow), Artemas Foster's (M. C. Ken- iston), Phinehas Goodenough's (O. W. White), to the road near Amos Jennings', (Mrs. Balentine). From Lilley's Mills by Emerson's, to Woodbury line. From Woodbury line by E. Goodenough's, to Jonathan Tucker's. From the center of the town, through Pekin, and by where A. N. Chapin and W. C. Bugbee now live, to John R. Dens- more's (J. P. Carnes). From near Oliver Palmer's, southerly by Moses Haskell, to the south line of the town. In 1809, Reuben D. Waters bought the lot on which Andrew Haskell lives, and soon after a road was laid from the mills near the center to his house, and in 18 14, this road was extended northerly to Wood- CALAIS. n7 bury line. The road from near Harrison Bancroft's, and by W. V. Peck's to the East branch was surveyed in 1814. The center county road in 18 15, and the road from Woodbury line to Moscow in 1821 ; from Maple Corner to Worcester in 1825. The first action of the town in regard to schools, was in March, 1796. "Voted to raise two pence on the pound on the Grand List of 1796, for schools," and the selectmen divided the town into the East and West school districts. In 1798, what is now No. 4 and the east- erly half of No. 13, was made the South- east district, what is now No. 2 was named the East district, and the remainder of the former East district was styled the North- east district. Ebenezer Goodenough was chosen trustee of the last-named district, and Oliver Palmer of the South-east. School trustees chosen in 1800 were: Abijah Wheelock, West district ; Joshua Lilley, east district; Doct. Samuel Dan- forth. South-east district ; Noah C. Clark, North-east district ; scholars in West dis- trict between 4 and 18, 96; in S. E. dis- trict, 27. In 1802, the North and Center districts were set off; trustees, Abijah Wheelock, West district ; Joshua Lilley, East dis- trict ; Oliver Palmer, South-east district ; Jonas Comins, North-east district; Levi Wright, Center district. In 1805, scholars reported between 4 and 18 years of age, 207; of whom 100 were in the West district, and the next March the North-west district was set off; 1808, the South-west district was formed. In 1812, the town voted " to pay the school tax for the year ensuing in good corn, rye or wheat." This is the first year that we find a complete record of the families in town having children between 4 and 18 years of age, 100 having 329 children; 16 of these, i each; 25, 2 each; 18, 3 each; 14, 4 each ; 14, 5 each ; 10, 6 each ; Jason Marsh, 7 ; Isaac Wells and Frederic Bliss, 8 each. In 1 818, the South district was estab- lished, and in 1825 the Blanchard dis- trict, and March, 1826, the districts were numbered : West district, No. i ; East, 18 No. 2 ; Center, No. 3 ; South-east, No. 4 ; North-west, No. 5; North-east, No. 6; South-west, No. 7 ; North, No. 8 ; South, No. 9; Blanchard, No. 10; at the same time Nos. 11 and 12 were established; nearly the same territory as now. In 1828, Shubael Wheeler, Asa George and E. C. McLoud were chosen a com- mittee to examine teachers and visit schools . In 1829, district No. 13 was established; in 1832, No. 14. THE SLAYTON FAMILY. [From Genealogical and Biographical Sketch of the Slaylon Family, 1879.] Phineas Slayton, son of Thomas, and grandson of Capt. Thomas, from England, b. in Barre, Mass., 1736, m. Jane Gray, 1761. He was an officer in the Revolu- tionary war, and a magistrate of his town ; children, Jesse, Simeon, Elijah, Abigail, Eleanor, Hannah, Elisha ; moved to Mont- pelier about 1790, settled on a farm near the Calais line. He was called by his de- scendants and neighbors ' ' Long Stocking," because he wore short velvet breeches, with long stockings and silver knee-buckles. His quaint old English style of dress will be remembered by many of the older res- idents of Washington County. Jesse Slayton, b. Barre, Mass., 1764; m. Betsy Bucklin ; children, Bucklin, Jesse, Phineas, Darius, Lucy, Betsy, Eleanor, Mahala, Aseanath. He moved to Calais about 1790, and built a house and cleared the farm where Jerra Slayton now lives. Many, if not all, of the children were born in Brookiield, and moved to Vermont with their parents, and all settled in Calais or vicinity, and most of them reared large families of children. Moving into the set- tlement before the town was organized, their father, Jesse Slayton, was one of the original 25 who voted on the organization of the town, and a revolutionary soldier. Bucklin Slayton, son of Jesse, b. in Brookfield, Mass., 1783; moved to Calais with his father; m. 1804, Sally Willis, b. in Hardwick, Mass. ; dau. of Edward Willis and Nancy Fuller, of Bridge water, Mass., who were among the early settlers of Calais; children, Harriet, Dulcenia J., 138 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Orrin B., AroP., Sarah, George J., Fanny and Hiram K. Slayton. He was a master carpenter, and planned and set out many of the frame dwelling- houses and stores of Montpelierand Calais. He was the first man, according to common report, who set out buildings by square rule ; previous to that time buildings had been built by scribe rule. Whether he was the originator of the square rule or not, is not known beyond a doubt by the writer ; but it would seem there were few, if any, who set out by square rule at that time, for in 1827 and '29, he was sent for to set out the factories at Nashua, N. H., and when asked how long a building he could set out, he said if they would fur- nish the lumber, he could set out a build- ing that would reach from Nashua to Boston. In the war of 1812-14, Bucklin, Jesse, Phineas and Darius all enlisted in the company from Calais and Montpelier, raised and commanded by Capt. Gideon Wheelock, to meet the British at Pitts- burgh. Orrin B., his son, m. Dulcena Andrews ; children, Joseph, Austin C. Aro P. Jr., Rufus, Amanda, Amelia and Alfred. Austin C. Slayton, son of Orrin B., enlisted in the 3d Vt. Regt., and served 4 years in the war of the Rebellion in the army of the Potomac. He was a good soldier and in a great many battles. His regiment belonged to that famous Vermont brigade called the "Old Iron Brigade," whose valor reflected imperishable honor on the State which furnished the men, and on the nation whose life they fought to maintain. He is now living in Chicago. RuFus Slayton, brother of Austin C, enlisted in the 7th Vt. Regt., served faith- fully, and died from sickness, occasioned by his service in the army, soon after reaching his home. Aro and Alfred still live in Montpelier, and Joseph in Calais. Aro p. Slayton, son of Bucklin, en- listed in the war of the Rebellion, was elected ist lieut. of Co. H. 13th Regt. V. Vols. This company was composed largely of citizens of Calais. He was in the battle of Gettysburg, and in command of his company through that battle, and was pro- moted to the captaincy of that company. He represented Elmore in the Legislature. He married Lucy White, by whom he had seven children : Florence, Katie, Frank, Herbert, Lucy, Calvin and Orrin. He and his family now live in Elmore. Geo. J., bro. of Aro P., m. Fanny An- drews ; children, Willis, Marinda, Cortez, Henry, Fremont and Melvina. He and some of his children are living in Morris- ville. Hon. Hiram K. Slayton, son of Buck- lin, b. in Calais, 1825, m. Eliza A. Mitch- ell, of Manchester, N. H., 1850; have one son, Edward M. Slayton. He was ed- ucated at the common schools and Mont- pelier Academy, taught school 2 winters; at 18 years entered as a clerk in a counting- room on India street, Boston, for three years ; returned to Calais and opened a country variety store ; also bought country produce ; was appointed a delegate from Vermont to the first Republican National Convention at Philadelphia, in 1856, and alternate delegate in i860; was elected a representative from his native town in 1858 and "59; moved to Manchester, N. H., in 1863; went to Cuba in the fall of '63; thence to New Orleans ; wholesaled dry goods through tl^e winter ; returned to Manchester the spring of '64 ; commenced and built up a large wholesale and produce and provision business ; was elected from Ward Three a representative to the New Hampshire Legislature in 187 1 ; re-elected in '72 ; spring of '73 he gave up his mer- cantile business to his son, visited Eng- land, Scotland, and passed the summer in Antwerp, Brussels, Cologne, Berlin, Dres- den, etc. ; at the World's Fair in Vienna, at Augsburg, Basle, Paris, etc. ; in 1876, was elected a member of the constitutional convention to revise and amend the con- stitution of the State ; in ^'j'] , a senator to represent the city of Manchester in the New Hampshire Senate ; re-elected in '78, and he is more widely known throughout the country for his efforts in favor of specie payments and able financial articles, orig- inating the maxim, viz.: "The nation which has the most valuable legal tender dollar, (other things being equal), will CALAIS. 139 outrun in wealth and prosperity the nation whose dollar buys less, as sure as death follows existence"; is the author of the resolutions in favor of specie payments which passed the New Hampshire and Ver- mont Legislatures, and the resolution passed by the Vermont Legislature in the fall of '78 in relation to the Bland silver bill. His efforts in favor of resumption, an honest dollar and honest payment of debts were continuous for many years. His articles on finance are widely copied by the public press of the country, and their soundness is endorsed by such lead- ing financial thinkers and writers asAmasa Walker, David A. Wells, B. F. Nourse, Abram S. Hewitt, Jas. A. Garfield and others. Edward M. Slayton, son of Hiram R., b. in Calais, 185 1; m. Jennie Hovey, of Rockland, Me., 1874; has one daughter, Olive May ; sons, Hovey Edward and H. K. Slayton, Jr. ; now living in Manchester, N. H., wholesale produce and provision merchant. Darius Slayton, son of Jesse, had 2 sons, Henry and Edson, and 2 daughters. He is a good citizen, and still lives on his old homestead farm in Calais. His son Edson has reared a large family of chil- dren, and is a respected citizen of Wolcott. Otis Slayton married a daughter of Wm. Peck, has no children, and lives in Calais. SILAS HATHAWAY AND FAMILY. Among the few familiar names intimately connected with the early history and set- tlement of Calais, are found those of Silas Hathaway and his sons, Elnathan, Thomas and Asa. Cotemporaries of the Whee- locks, the Blisses, Slaytons, Fays and Tuckers, they shared their full measure the hardships incident to a new settlement. Silas Hathaway, son of Elnathan, (who died at New Bedford, aged 90) was born in New Bedford, Mass., July 3, 1742. Silas married Mary Griffeth, of Rochester, Mass. ; of their 9 children, all born at New Bedford, 6 married and raised families : Elnathan, Esther, Thomas, Eleanor, Asa, Sarah, West, in order of age. • Mr, Hath- away emigated to Calais in 1796, whither some of his family had already preceded him. He resided for many years on the- farm now (1879) owned and occupied by Caleb Bliss, his residence being near the old cemetery on that farm. He died June I, 1812. Elnathan, son of Silas, born Feb. 3, 1770, came to Vermont earlier than any others of his family, the exact date un- known ; but certain it is that he came sev- eral years prior to his father's coming. He married ist, Rhoda Tabor, of Mass. ; 2d, Esther (Buel) Bassett, of E. Montpelier ; 3d, Jane Burchard, of Starksboro ; chil- dren by 1st wife, 3 — but one. Alma, grew up — by 2d wife, 6; three, Rhoda, Alden, Martha, attained majority. Elnathan was a farmer and blacksmith, and resided on the farm now (1879) of Lemuel Cate. He was for many years a prominent member of the society of Friends, who had a church in E. Mont- pelier, and were quite numerous in that and neighboring towns. His parents re- sided with him in their decline of life. He died Jan. 1835. Of his descendants, none in town. His daughter Alma m. James Lebaron, and lived many years in Calais, but removed some years since to Mass., where she died, Dec. 1872, leaving two daughters. His daughter Rhoda m. Alonzo Redway, and lives in East Montpelier. His son, Alden, m. Louisa, dau. of Wil- liam Templeton, of E. Montpelier, where he died Jan. 1843, age, 47. Esther, dau. of Silas, b. Sept. 1771, m. Smith Stevens, son of Prince Stevens, of E. Montpelier, and lived there in the decline of life with James Bennett, who m. Rhoda Stevens, a daughter. But two of this family living, Catherine and Smith Stevens, Jr., of E. Montpelier. Thomas, son of Silas, born Aug. 1773 ; m. 1st, to Susannah Coombs, of Roches- ter, Mass., Jan. 1797; 2d, toPhilanaPray, of Calais, (from Oxford, Mass.) Sept. 1845. He came with his family from Rochester, Mass., to Calais in 1799, locating on the farm where he resided till his death. He first came to Calais in March, 1794, and cut the. first tree on his land June i, 1795. 140 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. He returned to Massachusetts in the fall, and came back in the spring, for several years before he moved his family on. He had lo children ; 8 married : Susan, Caleb Coombs, Loam, Earl, Sorton, Almeda, Lora, and Philander ; Loam, Almeda and Lora only survive. Thomas lived in de- cline of life upon the old homestead with his son Lorton, dying Apr. 1856. Of his children, Susan, b. in 1800, m. Calvin Foster, of Moretown ; died there July, 1874; no descendants; Caleb Coombs, b. 1801, m. Polly Ainsworth, of Calais. He died in N. Montpelier, where he had resided many years, Dec. 1878. He was a farmer ; had 6 children. The widow and two daughters alone remain of his family. Loam, son of Thomas, b. 1803, a farmer, m. Catherine H., daughter of Lyman Dag- gett, a farmer of Calais, from Charlton, Mass. He removed to Hardwick in 1866 ; resides at the South Village ; 4 children in this family. Lyman Daggett, the oldest son, is a lawyer at Hardwick ; Fernando Cortez, the youngest, graduated at Dart- mouth in 1868; was principal of Valley Seminary, N. H., Hardwick Academy, and People's Academy, Morrisville. He attained a high reputation as a teacher, but broke down from over-work, dying July 6, 1873. He was a member of the State Board of Education at his death. Earl, son of Thomas, b. 1806, m. ist, to Nancy, daughter ay /i/s tax, or subscription. January 6, 184^, the new constitution and some articles of religious belief were adopted, which were recorded in the com- mencement of the "second book of rec- ords." Not all who have acted with the society have have had their names on the book of records, but I find the names of 25 members who have been moderators at annual meetings since the organization, viz: Levi Wright, Jedediah Fay, Jonas Hall, Nathan Kelton, Abijah Wheelock, Medad Wright, Welcome Wheelock, Pliny Curtis, William Robinson, Abdiel Kent, J. V. R. Kent, John Robinson, Jesse White, Samuel O. Robinson, Richard W. Toby, Alonzo Pearce, Nathaniel Eaton, Jacob Eaton, Moses Sheldon, Sylvester Eaton, Lester Warren, E. A. Hathaway, Ira S. Dwinell, Z. G. Pierce, B. P. White. These have also been on committees and acted as officers of said society ; some of them many times. The clerks, or sec- retaries of this society have been only ten, serving the society as clerks an average of 6 years each, viz : Gideon Wheelock, Wil- liam Robinson, John Robinson, Elon Rob- inson, W. Wheelock, A. Goodenough, J. V. R. Kent, James K. Toby, Alonzo Pearce and Simeon Webb. Welcome Wheelock was society clerk longer than any other, being elected in 1840, and serving until the time of his death in 1865 — 25 years. In the year 1825, or when Calais Meet- ing-hou.se was dedicated, the Universalist families in this town were able to own and control the same only 20 Sabbaths in the year ; a little more than one-third ; in 1845, their share was 32 Sabbaths. Now, in 1880, we count about 100 families, but they are so scattered all over town, it is difficult to get one-half to meet at any one place, and meetings are held in different places. The past year, 1879, and '80, the Universalists of Calais have had meetings of their order, one service each Sabbath in East Calais, and each alternate Sabbath in the west part of the town : al.so evening service in S. H. Fosters grove in North Calais. To lead the singing in their meet- ings they have had such talent as afforded by Pliny Curtis, Mr. Wheelock, E. W. Ormsby, Ira A. Morse, J. M. Dana, Sam- uel O. Robinson and wife, Abdiel Kent, I. R. Kent, L. A. Kent, Murray A.. Kent ; also in East Calais, Alonzo Pearce, A. D. Pearce ; by Amasa Tucker was played the bass viol, the first instrument of music in our meeting. Mrs. Dr. Ideand Mrs. Bur- nap have also been very efficient leaders in the choirs ; Mrs. Ide in the west, and Mrs. Burnap in the east part of the town. Those who have played the organ, are Mrs. J. C. Brown, Mrs. Edwin Burn- ham, Miss Josie M. Kent, Alice Pearce and Ellen Whitcher. About 50 Universalist ministers have preached in Calais occasionally. Those who have been employed by the society for any length of time are William Far- well, Paul Dean, John E. Palmer, Thomas Browning, Mr. Amiers, Lemuel H. Tabor, Lester Warren, Sylvester C. Eaton, John Gregory, George F. Flanders, D.D., Geo. Severance, J. H. Little, J. Edward Wright, E. A. Goodenough, S. C. Hayford, and at the present time George E. Forbes, (one service each Sabbath in the east part of the town.) I should not forget to mention that the ladies of the society have done their part nobly. They solicited the sub- scription, and hired S. A. Parker to preach a part of the time for one year, about 20 CALAIS. 147 years ago. The}' have also been active in getting the reading meetings and Sunday school started, which have been the main cause of the present effort in the west part of Calais. Sunday schools which were first started by Mr. Raikes of England, 100 years ago, were not much thought of here when Uni- versalist meetings commenced, but we had a small school in 1844, mostly Bible class. In 1852, a school was commenced with Sidney H. Foster, superintendent, and N. A. Chase, librarian. From that it has continued, in the west part of the town until the present time. Now, the superin- tendent is J. K. Toby, with Mrs. Carrie Robinson assistant superintendent; and Mrs. William H. Kelton is teacher of the juvenile class ; and, with prospects bright for future usefulness, the Universalist par- ish in Calais now commences to have preaching service both in the west, and east, every Sabbath the ensuing year (1881) I hope. SOLDIERS OF THE REVOLUTION who afterwards became residents of Calais : John Beattis, who deserted from the Brit- ish ; Seth Doan, Jonas Comins, Backus Gary, Ebenezer Goodenough, Stephen Hall, Moses Haskell, Francis Lebarron, Job Macomber, John Martin, Shubael Shortt, Jesse Slayton, Samuel White, Ed- mund Willis, Duncan Young, deserted from the British, David Fuller, Asa Wheelock, Joshua Bliss. Names. Ainsworth, Geo. W. Ainsworth, Lavake Ainsworth, Marcus Bailey, Robert M. Bancroft, Horace D. Barret^iGeorge W. BatcheTcler, Chas. M. Benjamin, Thos. W. Bennett, L. Austin Blake, Stephen D. Bigelow, George SOLDIERS IN THE Reg. Co. EnHHment. II I Dec 8 63 do " 3 63 13 H Aug 19 62 II I 8 B II I do Aug 15 64 Dec 31 61 Aug 15 64 Dec 5 63 do do do Dec 3 63 July 21 62 Dec 3 63 6 B July n 63 Bliss, Frederick D. ii I July 16 62 SOLDIERS IN WAR OF l8l2. Danforth Ainsworth, Welcome Ains- worth, Benjamin Bancroft, John Goodell, David Green, Isaac Hawkins, Enoch Kel- ton, Ansel Lebarron, Shubael Lewis, Azel Lyon, Jason Marsh, 28 months ; Perry Marsh, 14 months; D wight Marsh, 28 months; John Martin, Jr., Jabez Mower, Ephraim Pray, Isaac Robinson, Joel Tuck- er, Josiah White, Daniel Young. VOLUNTEERS TO PLATTSBURGH SEPT. 1814. Vial Allen, Joshua Bliss, 2d, Joshua Bliss, 4th, Ira Brown, Pliny Curtis, Elias Drake, Samuel Fuller, Simeon Guernsey, Bemis Hamilton, Thomas Hathaway, Par- don Janes, Jabez Mower, Noah Pearce, Joel Robinson, Cyrenus Shortt, Darius Slayton, Jesse Slayton, Phineas Slayton, Simeon Slayton, Edward Tucker, Reuben D. Waters, Hiram Wells, Schuyler Wells, Josiah White, Gideon Wheelock, Jonathan Wheelock, Levi Wright, Medad Wright. SOLDIERS IN MEXICAN WAR. James M. Ainsworth, died at Jalapa, Mexico, Feb. 29, 1848. Dexter S. Good- ell, served in war of 1861-5, died 1878. Arlo Thayer. Amasa Tucker, an old resident and a man of remarkable memory, has aided largely in the preparation of the foregoing lists of soldiers, and they are perhaps as near correct as it is possible to make them at this time. CIVIL WAR, 1861-5. Remarks. Dis. June 16, 65. Deserted July 26, 64. Must, out July 21, 63 ; re-enlist. 11 Reg. Co. I. Nov. 30, 63 ; tr. to Co. A. June 24, 65 ; tr. to Co. D. ; must, out Aug. 25, 65. Missed in action Oct. 19, 64. Killed at Port Hudson, June 14, 63. Must, out June 24, 65. Tv. to Co. A. June 24, 65 ; tr. to Co. D. ; must, out Aug. 25, 65. Tr. to Co. A. ; disch. June 13, 65. Died February 19, 63. Tr. to Co. A. June 24, 65 ; tr. to Co. D ; pro. Corp. July 12, 65 ; must.' out Aug. 25, 65. Drafted ; tr. to Co. Co. H. Oct. 16, 64 ; tr. to V. R. C. Nov. 22, 64 ; must, out July 15, 65. Corp. ; pro. sergt. Dec. 26, 63 ; red.. Sept. 37, 64 ; must, out June 24, 65. 148 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Namei. Reg. Co. Enlistment. Bliss, Zenas H. 9 I June 24 62 Brown, James W. Bruce, Joel Burke, Walter Burnham, Melvin V. Burnap, Charles H. Burnap, Wyman R. II 4 13 9 II d I G H I I July 26 62 Sept 2 61 Aug 19 62 June 16 62 July 17 62 " 19 62 Carr, Lemuel B. Carroll, Henry W. Clark, Aurelian M. II 8 4 I I H Nov 30 63 Feb 14 65 Aug 30 64 Clark, Charles Clark, Charles M. Clark, James H. Clifford, Isaac Church, Isaiah B. Colburn, Charles C. Colburn, Curtis C. Connor, Dorman Dodge, Oramel S. Dudley, Andrew J. II I istssF II I 13 H 7 13 c do 13 H- II I do Jan. 4 64 Sept II 61 July 15 62 Aug 19 62 Feb 8 65 Aug 29 62 Aug 29 62 Aug 19 62 Dec I 63 July 15 62 Eaton, Arthur G. Eaton, Chase H. Estes, Charles O. Fair, Simon C. Fair, Shubel B. Flynn, John D. 9 13 2d II 9 I F H Bat I I June 26 62 July II 63 Aug 19 62 Nov 12 61 July 21 62 May 30 62 Foster, Edward L. II I Aug 2 62 Foster, Sidney H. II I July 22 62 Gardner, Horace 13 H Sept 22 62 Goodell, Dexter S. Goodell, Henry M. Goodell, John A. Goodell, Lee Roy Goodell, William M. II d 8 II d I D E I July 21 62 " 15 62 Feb 14 65 Dec 5 63 8 63 Goodno, Martin, Guernsey, Geo. H. II I do Nov 30 63 Aug II 62 Guernsey, Oscar W. Hale, William H. Hall, Hiram A. d< 7 9 3 A I " 15 64 Feb 8 65 June 24 62 Hall, Hiram H. Hall, Robert H. Hammond, John F. C 3 H T AC 6 F June I 61 July II 63 Harding, John W. Hinkson, Lyman Hobart, Henry S E 13 H do Feb 9 65 Aug 19 62 Sept 12 62 Hovey, James O. Jackson, Orra W. II D I May 7 61 Dec I 63 Jackson, Samuel Jennings, Ira E. Judd, William II d 2d I Bat Dec I 63 4 63 Nov 12 61 Remarfcs. Pro. sergt. ; disch. for pro. in colored troops August 19, 64. Pro. Corp. Sept. 27, 64 ; must, out June 24, 65. Killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 62. Died March 4, 63. Died March 8, 63. Mustered out June 24, 65. Pro. sergt. Sept. i, 64 ; died Sept. 21, 64, of wounds rec'd in action Sept. 19, 6*4. Deserted Nov. 2, 64. Died June 19 65. Tr. to Co. E. Feb. 25, 65 ; must, out June 19, 1865. Deserted Oct. 22, 64. Discharged Jan. 10, 62. Mustered out June 24, 65. Wagoner ; must, out July 21, 63. Not accounted for. Died Jan. 26. 63. Mustered out July 21, 63. Corp. ; must, out July 21, 63. Discharged June 21, 65. Pro. to sergt. Aug. 11, 63; pro. 2d lieut. Sept. 2, 64 ; pro. ist lieut. Dec. 2, 64 ; must, out Aug. 25, 65. Died Nov. 9, 62. Drafted ; \^xo. corp. ; must, out May 13, 65. Mustered out July 21, 63. Sergeant ; died July 23, 62. Pro. Corp. Dec. 26, 63 ; must, out June 24, 65. Pro. corp. ; serg. Sept. 16, 64 ; must, out June 13, 65. Pro. reg. com. sergt. May 16, 63 ; pro. 2d lieut. Co. I. Dec. 28, 63 ; pro. ist lieut. Sept. 2, 64; must, out June 24, 65. istse.igt; pro. 2d lieut. July II, 63 ; ist lieut. Dec. 28, 63 ; hon. disch. for disability Nov. 22, 64. Sergt. ; pro. ist sergt. June 4, 63; must, out July 21, 63. Trans, to Inv. Corps, Feb. 15, 64. Disch. Nov. 17, 62. Mustered out May 23, 65. Discharged. Tr. to Co. A. June 24, 65 ; tr. to Co. D. ; must, out Aug. 25, 65. Tr. to Co. A. June 24, 65 ; disch. July 21, 65. Pro. corp. Dec. 26, 63 ; sergt. Feb. 11, 65 ; must, out June 30, 65. Mustered out June 24, 65. " Feb. 8. 66. Pro. to corp. Nov. 27, 64 ; must, out June 13, 1S65. Discharged Nov. 21, 62. Drafted ; pro. to corp. ; tr. to Co. A. Oct. 16, 64 ; pro. to sergt. Jan. i, 65 ; must. out June 26, 65. Died March 6, 65. • Mustered out July 21, 63. Disch. April 25, 63; re-enlist. 11 reg. Co. I. Aug. II, 64 ; must, out June 24, 65. Re-enlfst. Dec. 21, 63 ; disch. May 13, 65. Tr. to Co. A. June 24, 65 ; must, out June 29, 1865. Died August 8, 64. Died Feb. 3, 64. Sergt. ; reduced to ranks ; re-enlist. Jan. 2, 64 ; pro. corp. Sept. i, 64 ; sergt. May i, 65 ; must, out July 31, 65. CALAIS. 149 Names, Reg. Co. Kelton, Edgar A. 13 C Larock, John, 6 G Lawson, Truman, 11 I Leonard, Joseph W. do Lilley, Willard, do Lincoln, Eugene, 8 K Linsey, Hubbard 6 B Major, William 13 H Marshall, Chas, H. 11 I Marsh, Frank E. do Marsh, Henry O. 4 G Marsh, Wm, H. H. do Martin, James, 9 I Martin, John A. 11 I Martin, John W. do Martin, Silas B. do Martin, William E. do McLoud, Edward T. 1 1 McLoud, Henry IL 4 G McLoud, Morrilla G. 4 G McKnight, Chas. M. Merrill, Isaac A. L. Mower, Albion J. Mower, Marcus M. Nelson, Geo. W. Newton, Henry H. Nourse, Calvin Ormsbee, Chas. E. Ormsbee, DeWitt C. Ormsbee, Geo. W. Peck, William V. Persons, Joseph Jr. Pierce, Alonzo E. Pierce, Lyman J. Pierce, Orion A. Phillips, Walter A. Porter, Freeman J. Pray, Rufus M. Preston, George Remick, George Robinson, Ed. E. Robinson, Joel E. Robinson, Robert PL Rodney, John Russell, Franklin W. Short, Gilbert L. Shaw, Dexter V. Slayton, Rufus H. Slayton, Theodore M. Enlistment. Aug 29 62 Feb 22 65 Dec I 63 Aug 13 62 July 15 62 Feb 20 65 July II 63 Oct 3 62 Dec 5 63 Aug 1 1 62 Sept 3 61 do June 18 62 Aug II 62 Aug 13 62 July 25 62 Aug II 62 Dec 3 63 Sept 4 61 do 13 (I H I Aug 19 62 Julv 30 62 9 II 6 1 I E June 30 62 July 31 62 July II 63 II I Nov 30 63 13 2 H Aug 29 62 June 17 61 II I Dec 3 63 6 H Aug 14 6r 13 II H I Sept 23 62 Dec 5 63 3 .K July II 61 8 3 13 E K H Feb 14 65 July 10 61 Aug 19 62 9 8 [ ss I K K A F June 4 62 Julv 23 61 Feb II 65 Sept 27 61 Sept II 61 [3 C Aug 29 62 7 6 ti A F H Feb 8 65 Sept 28 61 Dec I 63 [I I Dec 2 63 4 :d : >3 H Bat H Feb 14 65 Aug 27 64 Aug 19 62 Remarks. Corp. ; pro. sergt. Feb. 28, 63 ; must, ou July 21, 63. Mustered out June 26, 65. Tr. to Co. A. June 24, 65 ; disch. July i, 65. 1st lieut. ; resigned Nov. 25, 62. Pro. Corp. Nov. 14, 62 ; disch. June 15, 65 ; wounded, and lost an arm ; full pension. Mustered out June 28, 65. Drafted ; tr. to Co. H. Oct. 16, 64 ; must. out June 26, 65. Must, out July 21, 63. Must, out May 23, 65. Pro. Cor. Feb n, 65 ; must, out June 24, 65. Died June 6, 64, of wounds rec'd in action. Pro. Cor.; re-enlisted Dec 15, 63; died July 2, 64, of wounds received in action. Pro. Cor. July 15, 64; must, out June 13, 65. Must, out June 24, 61;. Pro. to Cor. Dec 26, 63.; must, out June 24, 65. Must, out June 24, 65. do do Died Jan. 13, 64. Dis. Feb. 18,63; re-en. 11 Reg. Co. L Dec. 2, 63; tr. Co. A. June 24, 65 ; tr. Co. D.; must, out Aug. 25, 65. Re-en- Dec. 63 ; pro. Cor. Oct. 5, 64 to Sergt. Dec. 3, 64 ; tr. to Co. F. Feb 25, 65 ; must. out July 13, 65. Sergt ; died May 24, 63. Must, out June 24, 65. Capt.; re'-igned July 8, 63. Died July 29, 63. Drafted; tr. to Co. K. Oct. 16,64; iriust. out May 13, 65. Tr. to Co. A. June 24, 65 ; tr. to Vet. Res. Corps, Nov. 25, 64. Must, out July, 21, 63. Re-en. Dec. 21, 63 ; pro. Cor.; must, out July 15, 65. Tr. to Co. A. June 24, 65; tr. to Co. D.; must, out Aug. 25, 65. Re-en. Dec. 15, 63 ; must, out June 26, 65. Capt.; resigned Jan. 25, 63. Tr. to Co. A June 24, 65 ; tr. to Co. D.; pro. Cor. June 27, 65 ; must, out Aug. 25. 65. 2d Lt.; pro. ist Lt. Co. A. Sept. 22,62 ; pro. Capt. Co. K. May 8, 63 ; hon. dis. Dec. 14, 63, for disability. Must, out July 7, 65. Cor. Dis. Nov. 18, 62. 1st Sergt.; Pro. 2d Lt. June 4, 63; must, out July 21, 63. Cor.; died Nov. 19, 62. Pro. Sergt.; re-en. Dec. 31, 63; dis. May 27, 65. Must, out June 28, 65. Re-en. Jan. 5, 64 ; dis. Feb. 21, 65. Pro. Reg. Qr. M. Sergt. Jan. 18, 62 ; dis. Sept. 12, 64. Must, out July 21, 63; died July 28, 63 of disease contracted in army. Died Jan. 14, 66. Dis. June 24, 62. Tr. to Co. B. June 24, 65; tr. to Co. D.; must, out Aug. 25, 65. Tr. to Co. A. June 24, 65; tr. to Co. D,; must, out Aug. 25, 65. Must, out July 13, 65. Died July 31, 65. Must, out July 21, 6j. I50 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Names. Reg. Co. Enlistment. Slayton, Thos. J. 2d. d do Smith, Amasa T. 3 K July II 61 Smith, Coridon D. 2d Bat Dec 13 61 Soper, George 2 D May 7 61 Stockwell, Albert S. 13 C Aug 29 62 Stone, Judson A. 13 H ' Aug 19 62 Stone, Benjamin H. 4 G Aug 26 61 Stowe, Lewis A. K Feb 20 62 Stowe, William, 2 F May 7 61 Sumner, Alonzo L. 7 H Feb 8 62 Tewksbury, Chas. C. i ss F Sept 1 1 61 Tice, Fletcher F. Tichout, Alva M. Walling, Ransom Webber, Silas Webber, Timothy C. Wells, William R. Wheeler, Martin E. Wheeler, Zimri B. Wheelock, Jacob E. Wheelock, Russell White, Chas. R. White, William O. Whiting, Amos A. Whitten, Curtis B. Witham, Aaron II I do 6 B July 15 62 Aug 10 64 July 1 1 63 4 G Aug 29 61 13 H II I Sept 17 62 Aug I 62 do do July 24 62 do istCav C Sept 10 61 13 H Aug 19 62 do do 13 H do 13 C Aug 29 62 II I Aug 30 64 9 I May 28 63 There were 15 re-enlistments credited to the town, as follows : Marcus Ainsworth, Henry Hobart, William Judd, William H. H. Marsh, H. H. McLoud, Alonzo L. Sumner, C. C. Tewksbury, twice, Silas Webber, Amos Whiting, Wm. O. White, not credited by name, 4. Thirty men were drafted July 11, 1863 ; Of these 6 entered the service, and their names appear in the above record, and are as follows: Geo. Bigelow, Chase H. Eaton, John F. C. Hammond, Hubbard Linsey, Geo. W. Nelson and Ransom Walling. Twenty-four paid commutation, as fol- lows : Eri Batchelder, Ira D. Cochran, Chandler Coller, Lemuel P. Goodgll, Clark M. Gray, Geo. H. Gray, Geo. E. Hall, Edwin D. Haskell, John Q. Haskell, W. V. Herrick, James M. Jacobs, Ira Jen- nings, Marcus C. Kenneston, Allen Morse, Azro Nelson, Geo. S. Newton, William V. Peck, Orion Pierce, William C. Robin- Remarks. Sergt.; died Apr. 7, 63. 1st Lt.; pro. to Capt. Jan. 15, Gt,; resigned Feb. 13, 63. 1st Lt.; dism. July 30, 62. Died Dec. 7, 61. Must, out July 21, 63. do do Died Feb. 5, 62. Dis. Oct. 2, 62. Pro. to Cor.; killed at Wilderness, May 5, 64. Re-en. Feb. 20, 64 ; pro. to Cor. Oct. i, 64 ; must, out Mar. 14, 66. Dis. Oct. 4, 61 ; re-en. 13 Reg. Co. C. Aug. 29,62; pro. to Cor. Jan. 12,63; must. out July 21, 63 ; re-en. 1 1 Reg. Co. I, Aug. 30, 64 ; must, out June 24, 65. Must, out June 24, 65. do do Drafted ; tr. to H. Oct. 16, 64 ; must, out June 26, 65. Re-en. Dec. 15, 63 ; killed at bat. Wilderness May 5, 64. Must, out July 21, 63. Pro. to Artificer Dec. 26, 63 ; must, out June 24, 65. Must, out May 13, 65. Cor. Pro. Sergt. Mar, 4, 64 ; must, out June 24, 65. Dis. Oct. 29, 62. Dis. Apr. 18, 63. Sergt.; dis. Feb. 3, 63. Cor.; dis. July 21, 63 ; re-en. 8 Reg. Co. E. Feb. 14, 65; must, out June 28, 65. Dis. July 21, 63; re-en. 11 Reg. Co. I. Aug, 15, 64 ; must, out June 24, 65. Must, out June 24, 65. Must, out June 13, 65. son, Lewis W. Voodrey, Henry P. Whee- lock, Jacob E. Wheelock, Benjamin P. White and Lewis L. Wood. SUMMARY. Enlisted for three years, 96 ; enlisted for one year, 23 ; enlisted for nine months, 27 ; drafted and entered service, 6 ; drafted and paid commutation, 24; total, 176. Entire quota of the town, 173; furnished in ex- cess of quota, 3. Partial list of natives of Calais who en- listed elsewhere : Horace Bancroft, Calvin Bliss, Solomon Dodge, Gardner Fay, Wil- lard Fay, Geo. W. Foster, Jr., James Hargin, Charles C. McKnight, Lorenzo Stowe, Marcus F. Tucker, Wm. Arlo Tucker, Calvin White ; in Confederate service, Jas. M. Bliss, Melvin Dwinell. SOLDIERS WHO DIED IN THE WAR. Freeman Porter, Amasa Smith, George Lowell, Charles Fisher, A. G. Eaton, Lyman Pierce, Lester Clifford, Austin CALAIS. ISI Bennett, are buried in East Calais cem- etery ; T. J. Slayton, in Short cemetery; Rufus Slayton in South cemetery ; Lorenzo Stowe, Lewis Stowe, in Center cemetery ; Joel Robinson, Marcus M. Mower, Ira Jen- nings, Clark C. Colburn, in Robinson cemetery. BIOGRAPHICAL PAPERS. FROM MAUCUS D. (JILMAN, LIHUAKIAN OF VT. HISTOlllCAL SOCIKTY. John Melvin Gilman, son of Dr. John Gilman, and only brother of Marcus D. Gilman, was born at Calais, Sept. 7, 1824. He resided on the farm of his step-father, Hon. Nathaniel Eaton, in Calais, until about 17 years of age. He was educated at the common schools of the town and at the Washington County Grammar School at Montpelier. He read law in the office of Heaton & Reed, at Montpelier, and commenced practice at New Lisbon, Ohio, where he remained until 1857, when he moved to St. Paul, Minn., where he has become one of the most prominent mem- bers of the legal profession in the state. While residing in Ohio, Mr. Gilman was electeil to the State Senate from Colum- biana County in 1849-50. He has been four times elected to the Legislature of Minnesota from St. Paul, "and has ren- dered the state valuable service in that ca- pacity." He has also been the democratic candidate for Congress and other offices in St. Paul ; but his party being in the minor- ity, he was not elected. Mi;. Gilman be- ing a good speaker, his services are always in demand as a campaign orator, and he generously devotes much time to the in- terests of the democratic party. Mr. Gilman married Anna G. Cornwell, atNew Lisbon, Ohio, June 25, 1857; they have had children : John Cornwell, born Jan. 23, 1859 ; Marcus Cornwell, born Oct. 18, i860; Hays Cornwell, born July 29, 1862 ; died Aug. 12, 1863 ; Jessie Corn- well, born Nov. 14, 1864; Kittie Cornwell, born Jan. 7, 1868; all born at St. Paul. The two last-named only are now living. The two boys, John C. and Marcus C, were accidentally drowned by the upsetting of their boat in a storm, on a bayo of the Mississippi river near St. Paul, while out duck-shooting, Apr. 28, 1877. ISRAEL EDSON DWINELL, of East Calais, [See Dwinell family in East Calais papers] , in boyhood was the school- mate and most intimate friend of the writer. He resided on his father's farm until about 18 years of age and was ed- ucated at the common schools and at the University of Vermont, where he was grad- uated in 1843 ; read theology, and was graduated at the Union Theological Sem- inary, New York City, in 1848 ; ordained colleague pastor with Rev. Brown Em- erson, D. D., over the Third Congrega- tional church, Salem, Mass., Nov. 22, 1849; remained until his removal to Sac- ramento, California, in July, 1863, where he became pastor of the First (Congrega- tional) Church of Christ, and where he still remains, (January, 1881.) Many sermons and articles by Dr. Dwin- ell have been published, mostly upon the- ological matters. We give a list of his principal published writings : " Claims of Religion on the State," in New Englander , Nov. 1854; "Self-Development, not Ag- gression, the true Policy of our Nation," New Englander, Nov. 1855 ; " Advance in the Type of Revealed Religion," Bibliotheca Sacra, April, 1857 ; "Spiritualism tested by Christianity," New Englander, Nov. 1857 ; " Baptism a Consecrating Rite," Biblio- theca Sacra, January, 1858; "Union of the Divine and the Human in the Exter- nals of Christianity," Bibliotheca Sacra, July, 1859; "Adaptation of Christianity to Home Missions," Congregational Quar- terly, October, 1859; "Hope for our Country," a sermon at Salem, Oct. 19, 1862, pp. 19; "Historical Sketch of the Pacific Theological Association," 1867, pp. 28 ; " Relation of the Acceptance of Super- natural Ideas to Institutions of Learning," being an oration before the Associate Alumni of California, Oakland, 1868, pub- lished in tne minutes; "The Higher Reaches of the Great Continental Railway : A Highway for our God," a sermon at Sac- ramento, May 9, 1869, pp. 13; "New Era of the Spirit," Congregational Review, 152 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. March, 1870; "Service of the Suffering," a sermon at Sacramento, April 23, 1871, pp. 13; " Religion, According to Carlyle," Congregational Review, Sept. 1871 ; "Prot- estantism — Is it a Failure," Christian Wor/d, January, 1869; "Memorial Ser- mon " at Sacramento, June 29, 1873 ; " Fel- lowship of the Churches," a sermon at the National Council of Congregational Churches at New Haven, in October, 1874, published in the Minutes. Besides the above, many sermons and addresses published in the newspapers ; the popular way of publishing discourses of late. Dr. Dwinell received the hon- orary degree of Doctor of Divinity from the University of Vermont in 1864. REV. C. L. GOODELL was born in Calais, Mar. 16, 1830. He was brought up on a farm, attended the common schools, and fitted for college at Morrisville and Bakersfield academies ; graduated at the University of Vermont in 1855 ; at Andover Theo. Sem. 1858 ; was also a short time at Union Theo. Sem. New York City ; was settled as pastor over the Congregational church at New Britain, Conn., 14 years ; then moved to St. Louis, Mo., where he still remains as pastor of a church. He married Emily Fairbanks, daughter of ex-Governor Erastus Fair- banks, of St. Johnsbury, in 1859 ; they have two children, Mr. Goodell has been abroad three times, visiting Egypt, Palestine and the East, in 1867. His publications are : "An Oration on the Fourth of July, 1849, at Calais, published by request of the cit- izens " ; "A Thanksgiving Sermon on our National Affairs," 1863, which was widely circulated; " Sketch of the Life of Gov. Erastus Fairbanks," in the Congregational Quarterly, January, 1865 ; " Life of Rev. John Smalley, D. D., of Connecticut," 1873; "Life of Mrs. Henry C. Stephens, of New York City," published in a vol- ume in 1869; in addition, Mr. Goodell writes us, he has had of late years some 200 sermons and public addresses pub- lished in the daily press and in pamphlet form. COL. CALEB CURTIS, one of the early settlers of Calais, was a son of the first minister of Charlton, Mass., Rev. Caleb Curtis, and his wife. Charity (Combs) Curtis ; Col. Curtis was born in Charlton, Mar. 12, 1770; he married first, Polly, daughter of Levi Davis, of Charlton, who was a brother of Col. Jacob Davis, one of the principal proprietors of the town- ships of Calais and Montpelier, and the first settler of the latter town. Col. Curtis and wife moved to Calais before 1795, and settled at the head of Curtis pond, so named for him, where he continued to reside until his death, Jan. 4, 1836. He opened an excellent farm, Vvhich he industriously cultivated, and was one of the most prominent citizens, having been chosen to most of the civil and military offices of the town and vicinity. He was thrice married, and brought up and ed- ucated a large and fine family. By his first wife, who died Jan. 4, 1801, aged 25 years, he had : 1st, Pliny, born in Calais, Nov. 14, 1795, who became a prominent citizen in town, and subsequently moved to Columbus, Ohio, where he died in Feb. 1853. 2d, Ruth, born in Calais, Jan. 11, 1799, and died in Middlesex, Vt., July 30, 1865 ; she married first, John Oilman, M. D., May 20, 1 8 19, and they had two sons, Marcus Davis, the writer of this, and John Melvin. Dr, Oilman died at Calais, Feb. 10, 1825, and his widow married Nathaniel Eaton, of Calais, and they had one son, Caleb Curtis, born at Calais, May 6, 1830 ; [For whom see Eaton Family paper.] Col. Curtis married, 2d, Miss Anna, daughter of Samuel Robinson, who settled in Calais from Charlton ; she died April 27, 18 14, aged y] \ from this marriage there was, ist, Polly, born July 6, 1804; she married Ira Kent, of Kent's Corner, Calais, where she resided until her death, Jan. 24, 1881 ; 2d, Stillman H., born Dec. 20, 1808, read law, and settled at Plainfield, and died unmarried, at Calais, in March, 1844; 3d, Amanda M., born July 9, 1810, married Lebeus H. Chase, a merchant of CALAIS. iS3 Plainfield, where she died March 23, 1837, no children; 4th, Minerva, born April 18, 18 13, married Ezekiel Kent, brother of Ira; she died in 1871, leaving a daughter Alice, who married Col. J. O. Livingston, a lawyer of Montpelier, where they now reside. Col. Curtis married for his third wife, a widow Daggett, by whom he had, ist, Dauphna, born Aug. 13, 18 16, who mar- ried Rev. L. H. Tabor, a Universalist minister; she died at East Burke, Vt., Jan. II, 1880; they had three children. 2d, Laura A., born Aug. 28, 18 19, mar- ried J. V. R. Kent, brother to Ira; she died at Calais, Aug. 31, 1851 ; 3d, Fanny H., born July 24, 1822, and married Abdiel Kent, another brother of Ira ; she died Dec. 24, 1854, leaving two sons and two daughters, the eldest daughter, Ella F., married Arthur B. Bacon, and they reside in Spencer, Mass., and have two children, Frederick and Laura. Murray A., married Ruth, daughter of Sidney Bennett and wife, Ruth (Eaton) ; they have a son, Dorman, and reside at Kent's Corner. Van R., married Le- lia, daughter of Capt. Foster of Calais, and reside in Spencer, Mass. Laura Ann, a young lady, finely educated, is precep- tress of the High and Graded School in Spencer, Mass. The children of Col. Caleb Curtis were nine, two sons and seven daughters ; and his third wife, widow Daggett, added to the family three daughters Lucy, Catharine and Mary, by her first husband, and the twelve lived together in affection, love and harmony. Pliny, eldest son of Col. Curtis, mar- ried Relief, daughter of Darius Boyden, one of the early settlers of East Montpel- ier, (who also came from Charlton) ; they were married at East Montpelier, Dec. 17, 1 8 18, and settled on a farm where Sidney Bennett now lives, about a mile south of the Curtis homestead. They raised a beautiful family of eight children, all born in Calais ; about 1840, the family moved to a farm near Columbus, Ohio ; his wife Relief died at Peoria, 111., Aug. 13, 1862, aged 65. Their children were : 1st, Nathaniel Bancroft, born Sept. 11, 1819; married Jane Warren, of Warren- ville, Dupage County, 111., in 1853, and they have two daughters. Nathaniel went to Columbus, Ohio, early in life, and was very prosperous in mercantile and banking business there and at Peoria, 111., whither he removed in 185 1 ; and it should be re- corded that from 1840 until his death in 1872, he contributed largely to the support of his father''s family, and especially to the thorough education of the younger mem- bers. From an obituary notice of Mr. Nathaniel B. Curtis, from a Peoria paper : Mr. Curtis came to Peoria in 185 1 or '52, from Ohio, and established here the first banking house in the city. The firm was known as N. B. Curtis & Co. ; the bank prospered under Mr. Curtis's able manage- ment, and upon the opening of the First National bank he was made cashier, and was a director up to within about 10 months of his death, when his brain became im- paired from the constant strain upon it and it was found necessary to send him to Hartford, Conn., where he died. Mr. Curtis, both as a business man and a pri- vate gentleman, was much loved by all who knew him. His widow died at Warrenville, Aug. 26, 1879; 01^6 of the daughters is married, and the other resides with her mother. 2d, Darius Boyden, born Sept. 17, 1821 ; died at Calais, November 7, 1844; never married. 3d, Caroline Amanda, born Sept. 23, 1823 ; married Jonas K. Hall, of Calais, in 1846, and died May 12, 1848 ; no children. 4th, Pliny, Jr., born March 29, 1826; was in business with his brother Nathaniel at Peoria, and married Miss Cornelia Bald- win of that place ; she died about 1873 or '74, leaving four children ; Mr. Curtis died at St. Louis, in 1880. 5th, Maria, married Dr. E. S. Deming of Calais, in 1846 ; he died leaving 2 sons, Sumner, and Henry Halford, grown up to manhood ; residing with their mother in Kansas. 6th, Lucinda, married Mr. Sanger, a prominent lawyer of Peoria ; died very- soon without children. Mr. Sanger mar- ried her sister, (7th) Mary ; he died soon after, leaving a handsome estate, and Mary 154 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. married, 2d, a Mr. Brayton, of Peoria, and 3d, a Mr. Wilson of the same place ; she died in 1876, leaving two sons, Ezra San- ger, by her first husband, and Curtis Bray- ton by her second ; the sons reside in Peoria. 8th, Levon, died at 17. Polly Curtis, b. 1804, md. Ira Kent. (See Kent family paper.) Colonel Curtis was one of the most active and influential men of his time in the west part of the town ; educational fa- cilities were early and liberally provided, and largely through his influence a spa- cious and handsome church edifice was erected south of Kent's Corner, which is an ornament to the town at this day ; this was erected as a Union meeting-house, but the Universalist element largely pre- dominated in that part of the town at the time of its erection, and it is now entirely owned and controlled by this denomina- tion. The descendants of Col. Curtis, through the most remote branches, are of this faith, and so indeed are the descend- ants of the principal early settlers of that part of the town ; and no town ever did or does contain a more intelligent, moral, in- dependent, liberal community than is pre- sented in the inhabitants of West Calais, from the first settlement to the present time. CHARLES CLARK, M. D., was born in Montpelier, Jan. 31, 1800; son of Nathaniel and Lucy Perry Clark ; his father, Nathaniel Clark, died in 1810. When Charles was 7 years old, his left leg was amputated by Dr. Nathan Smith, of Hanover, N. H. When 21 years of age, he commenced the practice of medicine with Dr. N. C. King, in North Mont- pelier. In 1823, he moved to Calais, and was the same year married to Clarissa Boyden, daughter of Darius Boyden, of Montpelier. He remained in Calais 14 years, and four of his children were born here. In 1837, he removed to Montpelier, purchasing the Boyden homestead of his wife's father, where he remained 12 years, and in 1849, removed to Montpelier vil- lage, for the better education of his chil- dren. 6 in all ; 2 born in Montjjelier. He died June 21, 1874, aged 74 years. FACE OF TOWNSHIP ; NAME. This town is peculiarly situated in some respects, it being naturally divided by two valleys, with high hills at their sides, ex- tending northerly and southerly ; in these valleys are the two principal streams of the town, and they join in the south-easterly part of the same, forming a principal branch of Winooski river. The east and west parts of the town are thus isolated and independent in a measure of each other. Notwithstanding the hilly and uneven char- acter of the town, there is less of what is denominated waste land, than in any town- ship within our knowledge. WHENCE THE NAME. Col. Jacob Davis, a proprietor in the grants of Montpelier and Calais, selected the name of Montpelier for that township, as uncommon and not likely to be dupli- cated ; and what more probable than, hav- ing selected a name from the south of France for the more southerly township in which he was interested, than that he should have selected a name from the north of France, Calais, for the northerly township. This we think is a solution of the question, how did Calais get its name? [See remarks of Mr. Tobey to same eff"ect; —Ed.] The early settlers of Calais, as well as of Vermont generally, had in view among other objects a more perfect liberty, free- dom and independence, and to escape from the injustice of a taxation for the support of religions in which they did not believe, and other Puritan oppressions that pre- vailed in Massachusetts and Connecticut, from whence Vermont was mainly settled. CALALS ITEMS. We find the following in the Freevteii's Press, the first democratic newspaper es- tablished in Montpelier : Notice Is hereby given that a petition will be preferred to the next legislature of Vermont at their next session in Mont- pelier, for a grant for a turnpike from the river LaMoile, in Hardwick, to Montpelier Village, through Woodbury, Calais and Montpelier. Caleb Curtis. Calais, Aug. 15, 1810. CALAIS. 155 A singular explosion occurred in the northerly part of Calais in the spring of 1826; near the base of a side hill, a large quantity of earth and rock was thrown out, leaving a cavity 12 feet in depth, 6 rods in length and 40 feet wide. Large trees were growing on the spot, which were removed with such force as to cause them to fall with their tops up the hill, although while standing, they leaned down the hill nearly 30 degrees from a perpendicular. The ground was frozen to the depth of nearly 2 feet ; large stones, weighing from 300 to 400 pounds, were thrown 30 rods, and one, weighing nearly half a ton, as judged, was thrown 8 rods ; the noise of tlie explosion was heard at a considerable distance. No cause was ever assigned, except that of the accumulation of water in the fissures of the rocks under the frozen surface ; but this seems hardly probable. THE OILMAN FAMILY OF CALAIS. rUOM THE MEMOKANDUM OF MAUCUS D. GILMAX, OF MONTPELIEU. Jonathan Oilman was born at Gilman- ton. May 31, 1763; lived at Gilmanton, N. H., until about 1794-5 ; in 1796, lived at Vershire, Vt., where he continued until about 1817, when he went to live with his son, John, at East Calais, which was his home until his death, which occurred at Newburyport, Mass., Dec. 5, 1824, while he was on a visit to his sons, Daniel and Jonathan, at that place, and he was buried there. He married Susannah Dudley, (probably at Gilmanton) Nov. 9, 1783. She was born at Exeter, N. H., 1762, and died at East Calais, Dec. 20, 1817; and was buried on the East Hill in Calais, near the Aaron Lilley place. Brothers and Sisters of Jonathan Oilman: — Phineas lived in N. H.; Zeb- ulon in Chelsea, Vt. ; Joseph lived and died in Calais — his son, Lewis, settled in Hardwick ; Edward, John and Nicholas lived in Strafford ; Levi and Abigail, sister, lived in N. H. The father of the above is said to have kept tavern a long while in Gilmanton. Children of Jonathan Oilman and wife, Susanna Dudley: Jacob, b. Feb. 24, 1785, and had children, 9 girls, 2 boys, settled in Rochester, N. Y. Thomas, b. Aug. 19, 1786, m. and had 3 daughters and one son, Leonard, a den- tist at St. Albans; one dau. md. and. died in Underhill. Daniel, b. Oct. 13, 1787, d. in Ohio ; had sons and daughters. John Taylor, father of Marcus D., b. at Gilmanton, N. H., July 24, 1791. Susan, b. June 25, 1792, m. Dr. Spear, of Vershire ; both died there ; had one dau., also deceased. Betsy, b. Mar. 6, 1794, m. Shadrach Weymouth, of Vershire, and died there before 1820; left one dau. and one son; the dau. Roxy Ann, m. Lyman Cole, an artist, and settled in Newburyport, Mass. The son, Warren, became a Methodist minister, and settled at West Amesbury, Mass. Sarah, b.* at Vershire, Jan. 1776, m. Jedediah Hyde in 18 12, and settled on Grand Isle ; had 7 sons and 4 daughters, who mostly settled on Grand Isle and Isle LaMotte. She died at O. I., Feb. 4, 1863. Roxy Ann, b. at Vershire, Oct. 16, 1798, m. Nathan Bicknell, Oct. 1825, and re- sides at Underhill, Vt. ; had children: Anne Eliza, m. to Lucius Mead, lives in Essex, Vt. ; Edna and Sidney, twins ; Edna not m. ; Sidney, m., clerk in a clothing store at Chicago ; Roxy Anne died at Burlington, Aug. 29, 1877, at the residence of her dau. A. E. Mead. Abigail, b. at Vershire, Nov. 22, 1800, m. 1st, Sewell Spaulding, and settled in Jericho ; 2d, M. Woodworth, and is still living in Underhill ; no children. Dudley, b. at Vershire, 1802, went to sea; died early in Cuba, W. 1. ; not mar- ried. Jonathan, b. at Vershire, 1806; learned the printer's trade at Montpelier; m. and .settled in Lowell, Mass., and died there or at Newburyport ; 3 children. JOHN TAYLOR OILMAN, born at Gilmanton, N. H., July 24, 1791, studied medicine at Dartmouth Medical College in 18 14, and commenced practice in 181 5 at East Calais. He married Ruth, 156 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. daughter of Col. Caleb Curtis, May, 1819; children: Marcus Davis, John Melvin, [See Col. Curtis' paper, by Mr. Gilm&li, before these papers.] Dr. Gilman died at East Calais, Feb. 10, 1825. His widow man-ied Nath. Eaton, and died at Middle- sex, 1865, and was buried in Montpelier cemetery. Dr. John Gilman was the pi- oneer physician of East Calais, and had a large field of practice quite to himself until Dr. Chas. Clark, father to the ex-Prof. N. G. Clark, of the Vermont University, moved into town, who, in order to secure his share of practice, "reduced fare," or put down the price for his professional calls to 25 cents a visit. Dr. G., the estab- lished physician, growled a little, but not the man to be beaten in that way, down went his charges to 25 cents a visit. Many are the charges we find on his old book, all at 25 cents a visit ; occasionally made up to 35 cents for a little medicine sold at the time. He maintained his ground — succeeded — at his death left a handsome property for the day. He died* of what was then called lung fever ; at the present day, pneumonia. He had an at- tack, had but partially recovered, could not be deterred from visiting patients call- • ing for him, brought on a relapse, and died in a few days after. He was simply a martyr to his profession ; age, 34 years. In looking over a package of old family letters, journals, etc., we find Jonathan Gilman was found dead in his bed ; died suddenly of apoplexy. He was father of Dr. John, and grandfather to Marcus D., our historical librarian. Dr. John Gilman — as he wrote his name, dropping the T. — kept a note-book while at Dartmouth Med- ical College, in which is given the synopsis of every lecture he heard and the name of the professor who delivered it. From a sheet catalogue of the Medical College for 1814, we give for benefit of our towns who may not have in their papers the record of all their early physicians, the Vermont names therein : Barret, Thomas T., Springfield, Vt. ; Bates, Roswell, Randolph ; Brown, Leon- ard, Peacham ; Campbell, John, Putney ; *Chamberlin, Mellen, Peacham; Elkins, Ephraim, Peacham ; *Finny, Alfrid, Lud- low ; Fletcher, John, Williamstown ; Gil- let, Bezaleel. Hartford ; Goodwin, Jacob, Bradford; Hatch, Horace, Norwich; Haz- eltine, Laban, Wardsborough ; Jennison, Charles, Hartland ; * Leavett, Harvey, Hartford ; Martin, Lyman, Peacham ; *New- ton, Enos W., Hartford ; Paddock, Wil- liam, Barre ; Paddock, Wm. S., Pomfret; Page, Alfrid, Barnard ; *Richardson, John P., Woodstock; Rogers, Asher A., Thet- ford ; Stevens, John, Newbury ; Tewks- bury, Hartland ; Tracey, James 2d, Hart- ford ; Wait, James, Brandon ; Washburn, Hercules, Randolph ; Wheeler, John, West Fairlee. Whole number of students, 105 ; Ver- mont representation in Dartmouth Medical College, 1814, as above, 27. MARCUS DAVIS GILMAN was born at Calais, Jan. 28, 1820. He had the misfortune tolosehis father — Dr. John Gilman — at 5 years of age. He lived with his mother and step-father, Mr. Eaton, on a farm in Calais until 15 years of age, when he went into Baldwin & Scott's store at Montpelier, as clerk, until 21 years of age ; then was in business as merchant at Northfield, as White, Gilman ^ Co., 2 years ; then in same business at Montpel- ier 2 years, as Ellis, Wilder &-= Co. Mr. Gilman married Maria Malleville daughter of Hon. Daniel Baldwin, of Montpelier, May 10, 1843, and in 1845, moved to Chicago, 111., where he resided for 23 years, or until 1868 as a merchant; children : John Baldwin, born at Chicago, July 5, 1847, deceased; Emily Eliza, born at Chicago, June 10, 1849, married. Sarah Alice, born at Chicago, March 21, 1851, died at Chicago, March 19, 1853; Marcus Edward, born at Chicago, June 26, 1853, died at Chicago, Nov. 9, 1863. The next data in given memorandum : "At this time, March, 1870, we are re- siding (temporarily it may be) at River- side, Auburndale, Mass. Removed to Montpelier, Oct. 1871." He now resides at Montpelier, where he has been librarian of the State Historical Society since 1874, * Members of college. CALAIS. 157 and is corresponding member of six or seven State Historical Societies, &c. Mr. Oilman has said to us that he graduated at the Washington County Grammar School at the age of 15 years, and went out into the world for himself. In business he ap- pears to have been remarkably successful, and to have sensibly retired, that he may devote himself to his historical tastes. He has a very large correspondence ; his his- torical offices are a laborious business ; no nominal appointments, only, mere compli- ments, in his hands, as we may judge from the weekly file of letters and communica- tions on his table. He is just the one man in the State best situated to make a biblio- theca for Vermont, and he is doing it, several chapters qf which have been al- ready published, though by no means the most or the best part of it, as we are very well prepared to say, having carefully looked through the Mss. so far as finished up, and the vast amount of material to be worked up, and we shall with much interest await the appearance of the work when it may be published. JOHN BALDWIN OILMAN, M. D., son of Marcus D., died at his fathers, in Montpelier, May 18, 1873, iii his 26th year. Naturally cheerful, born to a home afiluent with pleasant things, fond of books in his early years, his childhood was a happy one. At 12, he was entered the Rev. Mr. Fay's excellent school for boys, at St. Albans, and fitted for college ; was next at Lombard University, 111., 3 years ; at 17 years, entered Harvard for a full course ; graduated in 1868; studied med- icine, the German, French and Italian lan- guages in Germany 2 years; Feb. 1870, returned to Boston, and continued his studies at the Boston Medical College. The summer following, the Franco-Prus- sian war breaking out, the opportunity for surgical experience in the military hospi- tals was irresistible, and he hastened to recross the ocean. On arriving, he was appointed by the German authorities to the post of assistant surgeon in the Prus- sian service, which position he held to the end of the war, when, retiring from tlie service, he was complimented by the Em- peror William with the Decoration of the ^ron Cross, the first instance, so far as known, that an American surgeon has re- ceived the honor. Returning to Boston, he completed his studies there, and in the fall of 1871, commenced the practice of his profession in Topeka, Kansas, where he rapidly acquired an extensive practice. Late in the fall of 1872, small pox ap- peared in Topeka. From his experience in the military hospitals of Prussia, he felt himself especially fitted to deal with it, and entered upon the work with great in- terest. His treatment was the German mode, and attended with remarkable suc- cess, and his services were in almost con- stant requisition. He acted not only as physician, but ministered extensively as nurse, and in not a few cases as sexton. In this last office — burying the dead at midnight — he severely suffered. After the epidemic had subsided, he was stricken down with varioloid, and pneumonia, be- fore he was recovered, set in. He re- turned to his father's, in Montpelier, the last part of April, a quick consumption indelibly fixed upon him, which made rapid progress till in the midst of the beautiful month of May, in the quiet of the village Sabbath, his young, busy, earth-life went out. Says his friend, in the Boston Globe of May 20th : " Dr. Gilman was greatly beloved by his associates for his genial and unselfish disposition, as well as ad- mired for his brilliant qualities of mind, and his numerous friends will condole with his family upon a loss they feel personal to them as to his own kindred." Emily E., the only surviving child of Marcus D. Gilman, m.Apr. 13, 1868, Rev. Henry I. Cushman, born inOrford, N. H., graduated at Dartmouth College, read the- ology, and is now pastor of the first Uni- versalist church in Providence, R. I. Children, Mary Alice, born, Boston, Apr. 27, 1869; died. Providence, R. I., June 18, 1877; Ruth, born, Newton, Mass., May 29, 1870 ; Robert, born, Boston, Sept. 18, 1872; Marcus Gilman, born, Montpel- ier, July 25, 1875 ; died in Providence, R. I., July 18, 1877; Earl Baldwin, born. 158 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Providence, R. I., May 5, 1878; died there, May 25, 1878. — Ed. KENT FAMILY. Ezekiel, ist, b. June, 1744, m. Ruth Garey, b. Oct., 1748, lived and died in Rehoboth, Mass. ; d. in May 1842, wife in Dec. 1818; 11 children, two of whom. Remember and Ezekiel, settled in Calais. Remember, ist, son of Ezekiel ist, b. June 1 1, 1775 in Rehoboth, came to Calais in 1798; m. Rachel dau. of Capt. Abdiel Bliss 1799; settled at what has since been known as Kent's Corner, where he cleared a large farm and spent the rest of his days. He filled various town offices ; was suc- cessively ensign, lieutenant and captain in the militia, his first commission bearing date 1805. He died May 13, 1855, his wife Nov. 2, 1843. Their children all born in Calais, were Remember 2d, b. June, 1799; Rachel Bliss, b. Sept. 1800, m. Aaron Tucker. Ira, b. April, 1803 ; Abdiel, b. Nov. 1805 ; Georgie, b. Sept. 1808; Ezekiel 2d, b. May, 181 1 ; John V. R., b. Nov, 21, 1813 ; Samuel N., b. Nov. 1817; d. June 1835. Remember 2d, m. Jan. 1824, Delia dau. of Edward Tucker ; made the first clearing on the farm where W. G. Kent now lives ; has resided most of his days in Calais, working some portion of the time at his trade as a mill-wright. His wife died April, i860, and he m. Lucy (White) widow of John Goodell. He died in Calais Feb. 19, 1881. His children, all born in Calais, were : Azro, b. May, 1825; Diana, b. March, 1830, m. 1854, Enoch H. Vin- cent, b. 1820 in Middlesex, farmer ; resides in East Montpelier; children Jane K., m. William J. Somerville, Fayston, farmer; Ella D ; Prentiss J ; Jane, deceased at 18. Ira, m. Polly, dau. of Col. Caleb Curtis. (See Curtis family) . He has always re- sided on his father's old farm ; was consta- ble in 1838, post-master some 16 years; and from 1837 to '66, he and his brother Abdiel were in partnership under the firm name of I. & A. Kent, and transacted a considerable mercantile and manufacturing business. His children all born in Calais : Ira Richardson, b. Sept. 3, 1833 ; Amanda C, b. Jan. 2, 1838, d. Feb. 18, 1842; Rachel Ann, b. April 26, 1839, d. May 28, 1855; Flora Emogene, b. April 17, 1841, d. Sept. 6, 1851 ; LeRoy Abdiel, b. Aug. 25, 1843. Abdiel, when 21 years of age went to Nashua, N. H., and worked on the foun- dation of the first cotton factory built there ; thence to Mass. and learned the mason's trade, working at his trade sum- mers and teaching school winters, until about 1830, he bought in Calais where he now lives, and began manufacturing boots in a small building where the store now stands. This business was continued some 40 years, at times employing a dozen or more men, and for some 20 years harness- making was connected, with it. In 1832, he enlarged his shop, and put in a small stock of staple dry goods and groceries. In 1854, the present shoe-shop and store were built, and the latter stocked with a general assortment of goods, and this business was continued by him and the firm of I. & A. Kent some 30 years. In 1837, he built the brick house where he now lives, and kept a hotel there until 1847. In 1844, in company with others, he built the starch-factory near the centre of the town, and run it until about 1858. In 1847, put iron working machinery in the red shop at Maple Corner, where it was run by N. W. Bancroft some 4 years. He has been a large owner of real estate in this and other towns, a woolen-factory, mills and hotel at Craftsbury ; built and stocked the store in Woodbury, now owned by A. W. Nelson, owned for some years the Norcross mill in Woodbury, the Ira Brown saw-mill in the north-west part of Calais, and the old saw-mill at Maple Cor- ner. His brother, Ira, was a partner in all the above business from 1837 to '66. Beside being one of its most active busi- ness men, he has held nearly all the offices in the gift of the town, and that he has served acceptably is shown by his contin- ued re-elections, (see lists of town officers.) He m. 1st June 7, 1845, Fanny H., dau. of Col. Caleb Curtis, who d. Dec, 24, 1854, 2d, Lucy A., dau. of Vial A. Bliss ; chil- dren born in Calais : Murray Abdiel ; Ella CALAIS. 159 Fanny, m. Arthur B. Bacon, resides in Spencer, Mass., merchant ; children : Fred K., Fannie L. George, son of Remember, m. April 24, 1835, Mehitable Hill b. Dec. 2, 1807, in Cabot ; resides in Calais, a successful far- mer ; children: Marcus Newell, b. June, 1837, George Wallace, April, 1845. M. Newell m. May 4, 1862, Hester A. dau. of Vial A. Bliss. For several years he re- mained upon the farm with his father, afterwards engaged in the mercantile pur- suit at Worcester Corner, where he died Oct. 20, 1876; children, Dora B., Frances. G. Wallace, m. May, 1868, Justina A. dau. of Kneeland and Caroline Kelton, b. in East Montpelier, Sept. 1849, resides upon the homestead : children, Alice Glee, George, Katie M., Jessie J. Murray, son of Abdiel, m. 1870, Ruth E., dau of P. S. Bennett, resides in Cal- ais ; son Dorman B. E. ; Van R., son of Abdiel, m. 1874, Lelia S., dau. of S. H. Foster of Calais ; is associated with J. E. Bacon of Spencer, Mass., in the manufac- ture of boots; child, Marion. Ira Richardson, son of Ira; m. 1855, Anna E., b. June, 1834, in New York city, died Aug. 3, 1856; dau. of William H. and Harriet A. Simpson ; child, Nora Anna, b. July 28, 1856, d. Oct. 19, 1861. He m. Feb. 1870, Inez R., (dau. of Hon. D. W. Aiken of Hardwick,) who died June 8, '74- "Rich. Kent" as he was familiarly known, was a person whom, never pos- sessing robust health, was enabled by his indomitable will, perseverance, and quick perceptive faculties, to accomplish while in his younger years an amount of business which might only have been expected from one of much stronger physique, and ma- turer years, and when 20 years of age assumed the entire management of the mercantile business of I. & A. Kent, which he continued for about 6 years, when he engaged in buying cattle and horses and selling in the Mass. market until 1865 ; during which time he filled various town offices with acceptance. Dec. 1865, he en- tered into a partnership with J. E. Bacon of Spencer, Mass., in the manufacturing of bobifs of which they did an extensive and successful business to the time of his death, which occurred in Calais, October 9, 1875. LeRoy a. Kent, son of Ira, m. Feb. 22, 1875, Blanche S., dau. of S. D. Hol- lister of Marshfield, b. May 11, 1852 : son I. Rich. b. Oct. 28, 1876, engaged in mer- cantile pursuit at Craftsbury, 1 868 to '70 ; 1873 succeeded B. P. White in the same business at Kent's Coi-ner, where he still remains ; received appointment of post- master in 1873, present incumbent. AzRO, son of Remember 2d, m. Nov. 1849, Hannah S., dau. of Edward and Susan Eastman b. in Salisbury, N. H., May, 1832. Learned the machinist trade at Northfield, and has been employed in the Central Vt. R. R. Co. shops since 1849; since 1863, has been master me- chanic and general foreman in their shop at St. Albans: children: Edward T., b. July 20, 1853, d. May 30, 1859; Ele Mar- tha, b. July 20, 1859, d. Aug. 31, 1859; EdwardB., b. July, '66, now in Universty at Burlington. Azro Ceil, Aug. 1869. Prentiss J., son of Remember 2d, m. Sept. 1864, Elizabeth M., dau. of Am- brose and Sally Atwater of Burlington ; worked at the trade of machinist and teaching school till 1857 ; graduated from the medical Dept. U. V. M., i860; went to Michigan and engaged in drug business in connection with the practice of medi- cine. In 1862, was appointed assistant surgeon in the 174th Regt. N. Y. Vols. ; was in active service till spring of 1864, when by reason of the consolidation of 174th and i62d regiments he was honora- bly discharged ; after which he resumed the practice of medicine at Winooski Falls. In 1869, health failing, he went to Wor- cester, Mass., and invented the " Kent & Bancroft self-operating spinning-mule," and was engaged for a time in its manu- facture and sale ; but returned to Burling- ton in 1874, and resumed his profession, where he now resides ; children : Osborn Atwater, b. in Winooski Falls, Oct. 24, 1868, d. July 15, 1869; William Henry, b. in Woonsocket, R. I., July 2, 1871, d. in Burlington July, 1872; Arthur Atwater, b. in Smithfield, R. I., Dec. 1873. i6o VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. J. V. R. Kent, son of Remember ist, b. Nov. 1844, "^- L^iura A., dau. of Col. Caleb Curtis, who died Aug. 31, 1851 ; Dec. 26, 1856, m. Mrs. Catherine A. Morse, dau. of Alpheus J. PjHss ; child, Charles v., b. Dec. 1857. Mr. Kent re- mained on the old homestead to the age of 20 years, when he learned the boot and shoe trade with his brothers, I. & A. Kent, where he worked about 15 years. For the last 12 years he has resided at Maple Cor- ner on the farm purchased of Alonzo Tay- lor of New York ; has filled nearly every office in the gift of the town, many of which he held continuously tor many years. EzEKiEL, 3d,m. Nov. 13, 1836, Minerva Anna, dau. of Col. Caleb Curtis ; a suc- cessful farmer ; resided in Calais until 1872, when he moved to Montpelier, where he now resides ; has held town offices be- fore and since his removal ; daughter, Alice May, b. Mar. i, i84i,m. Nov. 1866, Capt. J. O. Livingston; enlisted May, 1862, and mustered out July, 1865 as Capt. of Co. G. 9th Regt. Vt. Vols. ; was admitted to the Lamoille County Bar, May term 1862, and now practicing his profession m Montpelier. EATON FAMILY IN CALAIS. BY CALEB C. EATON. Jacob Eaton, Sr., settled in the South- east part of Calais, on Kingsbury''s branch, in 1816, with a family of 4 children, Isaac, (who 2 years after was killed by the kick of a horse), Jacob, Mary Ann and Syl- vester C, of whom 2 survive, Jacob and Sylvester, the former living on the old homestead farm. In 1827, Nathaniel, an older son, and Jacob, Jr., bought the farm of their father, and they lived together until the death of the latter, Feb. 1843, aged ']^ years. Nathaniel moved to Mid- dlesex, Vt., in March, 1864, where he died Feb. 6, 1878, aged 87 years ; 37 years of his life having been spent in the town of Calais, whither he moved from Hardwick at the age of 37 years. While living in Calais he was elected State Senator in 1840 and '41 ; Assistant Judge of County Court, 1857, '58 ; justice of the peace con- tinuously for 24 years, and was often called upon to settle estates ; also, as com- missioner to locate, alter and establish new roads, and as referee, and to make contracts and legal papers. He was a useful man in the community in which he lived, fearless and outspoken in his views, had decided opinions of his own, and the ability to maintain them. He was twice married ; first, to Ruth Bridgman, in Hard- wick, in 18 1 2, by whom he had two chil- dren, Dorman Bridgman and Ruth ; the latter died in 1849, at the birth of her first child. Dorman B. is an eminent lawyer in the city of New York, where he located in 1850. He has taken an active and in- fluential part in reformatory measures in in that city, and is one of the leaders in favor of civil service reform in this coun- try ; has written an exhaustive work upon that subject, entitled, "Civil Service in Great Britain"; also, a work entitled, "The Spoils System, and Civil Service Reform in the Custom House and Post- office in New York City" ; and numerous other works of which I am notable to give the titles ; one written during the last Presidential campaign entitled, "From the Independent Republicans of New York, by Junius.'''' He is a graduate of the Vt. University ; also of Harvard Law School ; educated himself, and came out free from debt. He was chairman of the Civil Ser- vice Commission, when Geo. Wm. Curtis resigned, during Grant's administration. Nathaniel Eaton married, 2d, Mrs. Ruth (Curtis,) widow of Dr. John Oilman, by whom he had one son, Caleb C, born in Calais, where he resided till he was 34 years of age, when he moved to Middlesex, living there 16 years; represented that town in the Legislature in 1876, ^yj ; was justice of the peace 4 years ; lister 3 years, and appointed to take the census for that town in 1880; in May, 1880, removed to Montpelier, where he now resides. He married Susan, daughter of Larned Coburn, one of the early settlers of East Montpelier ; children, 4 ; all daughters ; 2 died in infancy ; Flora Coburn, born in Calais, preceptress in Goddard Seminary, Barre, m. Prof. Henry Priest, Principal of that institution, Aug. 11, 1881 ; Emily Louisa lives with her parents. Calais. EAST CALAIS PAPERS. CONTRIBUTED BY MR. AND MRS. ALBERT DWINELL. CAPT. JOSHUA LILLEY located at an early day in East Calais, and came in possession of the water-power and a large tract of land around. He put up a saw-mill and a grist-mill where the saw- mill now stands, and about 1805, built a two-story house on his hill farm, now owned and occupied by Levi G. Dwinell. Capt. Lilley entered into speculations of various kinds, among which was the mer- cantile, in which he was unsuccessful and had to retrench. In 1812, he sold his hill farm to Israel Dwinell, and about the same time his mills and other landed property passed into the hands of Maj. Nathaniel Davis, of Montpelier. Maj. Davis, availing himself of the water- power facilities, erected various mills, among which one for carding wool and dressing cloth, a trip-hammer shop, where were made scythes and hoes, and a shop or manufacturing cut-nails. One of the inducements for starting a nail factory was the supposition that there was iron ore in the ledges a short distance west of the village, all of which was true, but in the prospecting made, it was not found rich enough to pay for working. Nails were manufactured about 2 years, when it was found freights were too much to make the business profitable, and it went down, and other business was started, cabinet work, clover-mill, potash, etc. The business development called workmen and residents into the place, and the Major put in a store. SHUBAEL WHEELER, ESQ., son of Bowers Wheeler, of Montpelier, (now East Montpelier), married Elsey Davis, daughter of Maj. Nathaniel, about 1 8 14, and in 18 16, they moved to East Calais, and occupied a two-story house erected by the Major, near where the saw- mill now stands. He was a lawyer, the first and only one who ever resided in town for any length of time. For several years he occupied a leading position in the af- fairs of the town and County, representing the town several times, and was clerk of the County Court for several years. He was interested in farming to some extent, and was partner for some years with Sam- uel Rich in mill property, deeded to them by Maj. Davis. Judge Wheeler was a man of high at- tainments, largely endowed by nature, yet his love of social pastime was at the ex- pense of his financial interests. About i860, he went West to make his home with his eldest daughter, Emily, the last one living of his 8 children — wife of Levi W. Wright, formerly of this town, now of Merrimac, Wis. CAPT. SAMUEL RICH, born in N. Montpelier, Oct. 22, 1797, married Dolly Davis, dau. of Maj. Na- thaniel; came to E. Calais in March, 1824, and owned the saw and grist-mills, to- gether with 350 acres of land. In 1836, he built the two-story house now occupied by his son-in-law, Albert Dwinell. In 1840, he rebuilt the grist-mill now owned by Simeon Webb. In 1850, he sold the mills and his lands to Albert Dwinell, at which time he gave up active business. Mr. Rich died June 12, 1856; Mrs. Rich, Aug. 15, 1841. Capt. Rich improved his limited opportunities for schooling, and had the advantage of one or two terms at the academy. He took up the study of surveying, and was for many years a practical surveyor. He was a man of superior mental endow- ments ; strong memory ; well versed in history and in politics ; always a staunch whig. He had 3 children. The son, Samuel D., has been an invalid from his youth ; the eldest daughter, Irene D., was married to Albert Dwinell, Apr. 10, 1845 ; Dolly A., the second daughter, married Joseph W. Leonard, and resides on the Leonard farm. ISRAEL DWINELL AND FAMILY. CONTRIBUTED BY L. G. DWINELL. Israel Dwinell, one of the early set- tlers of Calais, born in Croydon, N. H., Oct. 8, 1785; Apr. I, 1813, married Phila Oilman, of Marshfield, and on the same day moved to Calais, to a farm on the East Hill, where he resided until his death, 1 62 Vermont historical magazine. Feb. 20, 1874. His wife, born in Hart- ford, Ct., Sept. 17, 1793, died June i, 1S64. They had 10 children, all born in the same house into which they moved the day they were married. In the midst of hardships which they had in common with all early settlers, they found means and disposition to give their children ad- vantages which few of their day enjoyed, two of their sons obtaining a collegiate education ; the others enjoying advantages above the most. Shortly after settling in life they made a profession of religion, and were for many years connected with the church known as " the Marshfield and Calais Church." In later years they were connected with the Christian Church of the town, they "dying as they had lived, strong in the faith of the Gospel," as said Rev. Mr. Sherburn in the funeral sermon of Mr. Dwinell. Alcander Dwinell. son of Israel, was born Feb. 2, 1814, married Sarah Cheney, Jan. 31, 1849, in Lowell, Mass., where he lived a few years, and removed to Brook- lyn, N. Y., where he now resides. He has one son, William Alcander, who mar- ried Julia Jaquith, of Brooklyn, and lives with his father. Ira S. Dwinell, son of Israel, born Jan. 27, 18 16, married Clarina H. Pearce, Oct. II, 1842, setded and still lives in East Calais. They have had 2 sons ; the first died in infancy ; the second, Byron Lee, graduated at Goddard Sem., Barre ; graduated at Tufts College, class of 1876, and at Boston University School of Med- icine at the age of 28 ; married Ada Bar- ron, settled in Taunton, Mass., practicing medicine. Solon, son of Israel, b. 1818, d. at 2^ years, the first grave in the East Calais cemetery. Israel Edson Dwinell, son of Israel, born Oct. 24,1820, " began to fit for college in the Academy at Randolph Center, Sept. 1836; taught school in Calais, winter of 1837 ; in Calais or Montpelier each winter but one till graduated from college ; fin- ished for college at Montpelier Academy, 1837, '8 and '9; entered the University of Vt., Burlington, 1839; graduated in 1843; taught in Martin Academy, East Ten- nessee, 1843-5, 20 months ; entered Union Theo. Sem., N. Y. City, 1845 ; graduated from Un. Theo. Sem., 1848; married Re- becca Eliza Allen Maxwell, in Jonesboro, East Tennessee, Sept. 12, 1848 ; was home missionary, under the A. H. M. Society in Rock Island, 111., 7 ms., 1848-9; began to preach in Salem, Mass., the spring of 1849; was ordained as colleague pastor with Rev. Brown Emerson, D. D., Nov. 22, 1849; dismissed. May, 1863; began preaching in Sacramento, Cal., July i, 1863 ; installed pastor of the First Congre- gational Church of Christ, Sacramento, Cal., July 10, 1864, where I now am. I. E. P." Albert Dwinell, b. Jan. 15, 1823, m. Irene D. Rich, Apr. 10, 1845, and settled in Moscow, East Calais, owning a large farm, and has also been in the mercantile business ; has been elected to both branches of the State Legislature ; has 3 sons : ist Frank Albert, graduated at Barre Acad- amy; m. Harriet A. Hammett ; settled in Plainfield in the mercantile business ; has been a member of the State Legislature from that town. 2d, Clarence Rich, graduated at Barre Academy; m. Ella H. Hammond, and is in the mercantile bus- iness at East Calais. 3d, Dell Burton, 14 years of age. Melvin Dwinell, son of Israel, b. July 9, 1825, gives the following: " Fitted for college mostly at MontiDelier Academy ; entered the University of Vermont in 1845 ; graduated Aug. 1849: was principal of People's Academy, Morrisville, 2 years ; came to Georgia in the fall of 185 1 ; taught in Hamilton, Ga., i year; taught 2 years in Macon Co., Ala. ; Jan. i, 1853, bought half in the Rome (Ga.) Courier \ a year after, bought the other half; have pub- lished the Rome Courier continuously from Jan. I. 1855, to this time (1881) except from May 18, 1864, to Sept. i, 1865. May 18, 1864, the Federal troops took posses- sion of Rome, and I left. They used my material and stock on hand, and when they left, utterly destroyed everything in my office except one job-press, which they carried off. I was mustered into the Con- CALAIS. 163 federate army at Richmond, Va., Mar. 28, 1 861, as 2d lieut. for the war; was pro- moted to 1st lieut. in March, 1862 ; was in the first and second battle of Manassas ; actually engaged two days of the seven in the fights around Richmond, from June 28 to July 25, 1862 ; was in the first battle of Fredericksburg and the Gettysburg, be- sides 20 or 30 smaller engagements and skirmishes. The only wound received was a gun-shot wound in the upper left arm at the battle of Gettysburg. From this wound I was disabled some 2 months. After I returned to my command, in Nov. 1863, I was elected one of the two representatives from my (Floyd) county to the State 'Leg- islature, which exempted me from military duty, and I resigned my commission, and that ended my military service, except that I served as adjutant, with the rank of captain, for a short time in the spring of 1864, under Gen. A. R. Wright, in com- mand of State troops. After the close of the war, I returned to Rome, Ga., arriving here May 25, 1865, and found that my en- tire assets consisted of $22.50 in gold in my pocket, and the debris of a printing establishment, once worth $10,000, esti- mated at $300 ; but I went to work getting up from the ruins, and soon got type enough to print small circulars, hand-bills, etc., using a planer and mallet for lack of a press. I soon hired a small press, and Sept. I, got out a small weekly paper. I was soon on my feet again, and have since done a fair business. In the summer of 1875, I went to California; visited on the trip, Salt Lake City, the Va. City gold and silver mines, the valley of Yosemite, etc. In 1876, I made a trip to the East, visit- ing London, Paris, Brussels, Venice, Rome, Herculaneum, Pompeii ; ascended Vesu- vius ; lit my cigar in the crater ; saw Alex- andria, Cairo, the Red Sea, Jerusalem, Damascus, etc. I have recently published a volume descriptive of my travels, en- titled, ' Common Sense Views of Foreign Lands.'" Levi Gilman, son of Israel, b. Nov. 3, 1827, m. Louise M. Kennan, Sept. 3, 1857, dau. of P. Kennan, adopted by A. Alden ; settled on the old homestead, in East Calais, where I now live ; have 3 children : Julia Louise, m. Nov. 12, 1879, to Charles P. Hollister, of East Montpelier, where they now live ; Maurice Kennan entered Boston University School of Medicine, Oct. 1880; Mary Avis, 14 years of age. Jane Phila, daughter of Israel and Phila Dwinell, b. May 8, 1830, m. John Gardner Hale, at East Calais, Sept. 28, 1852, Rev. W. T. Herrick and Rev. I. S. Dwinell officiating ; children of Jane P., Harriet Amelia, Jennie Norton, b. in Grass Valley, Cal. ; Edson Dwinell, b. in Lyndon, Vt. ; Mary Gilman, Ellen Fran- ces, b. in East Poultney. Harriet A., educated at Mrs. Worces- ter's, Burlington, Tilden Sem., N. H., and graduated at Carlyle Petersilea's Music School, in Boston ; has taught music at Tilden Seminary, the People's Academy, Morrisville, and elsewhere. Jennie N. graduated at Mt. Holyoke Female Sem. in 1876. -Edson D., prepared at St. Johns- bury Academy in 1878, has entered Am- herst College. Wait Byron, son of Israel, b. May, 1839, d. June, 1848; Edgar, son of Israel, b. Feb. 1837, d. June, 1837. ' ALDEN FAMILY. BY MR. AND MUS. ALBERT DAVINELL. Asa Alden, born in Natick, Mass., in 1794, came to Vermont, 1817; married Avis Snow, of Montpelier. He and his wife were among the first who came to East Calais, and settled in Moscow in 1819. He was the village blacksmith about 30 years, in which occupation he had, the misfortune to lose one eye. For 20 years he was the first hotel-keeper at this place, and held the post-office 27 years, and other offices of public trust. Reared under Con- gregational discipline, his sympathies were ever in that direction, and while there was no such organized church in town, he yet lived to all appearance the life of a quiet and exemplary Christian . We well remem- ber him at the earlier church services and singing-schools, held in the school-house, he being the only one who discoursed bass on a big viol for miles around. He died here. May 2, i38o, aged 86. 164 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. His widow survives, in her 8ist year, (1881) living with their youngest and only surviving daughter, Lydia Ann, in the same house they at first occupied, and which is now the oldest dwelling in the village ; built by Capt. Caleb Putnam about 1818. Isaac ALDEN,nailor and merchant, came to East Calais in 181 5 ; married for his 2d wife, Hannah Snow, of Montpelier. Geo. Alden, nailor, came in 18 16; both broth- ers of Asa Alden. On the west side of the stream, next door neighbor to Mr. Alden, lived JONATHAN HERRICK, shoemaker, an honest, temperate, indus- trious man, and his wife, Drusilla Cole, who deserves mention among the early settlers, living in Moscow, East Calais, from about 1825 till 1847, when they moved to Cabot. Mrs. Herrick died in 1880. For some years Mr. Herrick took the lead in singing here, and his two old- est children, Lucius and Caroline, were among the best spellers in Moscow. THE DRS. OF CALAIS. Dr. Samuel Danforth, the first phy- sician of Calais, came to this town in 1800. He lived liere most of the time until his death, in 181 1 or 1812. Dr. Stephen Corey came in 1812; was in town but a short time. Dr. Jonathan Eaton came in 1812, and remained 3 years. Dr. Nathaniel B. Spaulding came about i8ig, and was here in 1832. Dr. John Gilman came in 1815, a man of marked abilities in his profession. [See Gilman Family.] Dr. Charles Clark came in 1825; re- moved to Montpelier in 1840. Dr. Asa George came in March, 1825, and died in Aug. 1880, a man of marked character and ability, and a leading man in his profession. Dr. William S. Carpenter came in 1841, and left in 1842. Dr. E. S. Deming came to Calais from Cornish, N. H., in 1843, located at Kent's Corner, and married Maria, dau. of Pliny, son of Colonel Curtis ; afterwards lived where Dr. Harris now lives ; was repre- sentative one year ; was a man of sterling integrity and a successful physician ; moved to Cambridge in 1854. Dr. M. Ide came in 1854, and removed to Stowe in 1875. He was town clerk many successive years, and held other town offices. Dr. G. H. Gray came in 1868, and still resides in town. Dr. Harris came about 1880. Drs. Gleason, Tilton, Tobey and others here for indefinite times. college graduates of CALAIS. I.E. Dwinell, M. Dwinell, D. B. Eaton, Calvin Short, C. L. Goodell, University of Vt. ; Dr. B. L. Dwinell, Harley N. Pearce, Tufts College, Mass. ; A. N. Bliss, University of Michigan ; Miss Laura A. Kent, Miss Ellen Cox, Miss Eva Darling, Antioch, Ohio. F. B. Fay entered Harvard in 1879; ^- Cate entered Tufts in 1876; C. L. Wood, a lawyer in Chicago. Mrs. Hartshorn celebrated her hun- dredth birthday in Calais. EAST CALAIS FIRE. BY CLAREMCE R. DWINELL. Sept. 5, 1873, 12 o'clock p. M., 20 min- utes, the little village of East Calais was aroused by alarm of fire. The basement of the building of W. H. Ridout, used on the first floor as a tin-shop by Wing & Ridout, was in flames, to subdue which was unavailing. The fire had so burned through the floor above, it was impossible to remove the stock of goods and tools. The second floor was occupied by the fam- ilies of W. H. Ridout and Alonzo Batch- elder, who were able to save but little of furniture and clothing. The fire spread to P. F. Whitcher's barn, the next building south, which with its contents was completely destroyed ; thence to the boot and shoe store of D. B. Fay, whose stock was partly removed ; next to the hotel property of Phineas Wheeler, which was entirely consumed ; a good hotel building, which had been re- cently much enlarged and improved ; two large barns, sheds and out-buildings ; CALAIS. i6s thence to the shop of A. N. Goodell, a quick victim to the flames. Only by the untiring efforts of the cit- izens, the fire was kept from crossing to the east side of the street, and to the new dwelling of Z. G. Pierce, just south of the hotel. This fire was a severe loss to the village. It has not yet fully recovered from its effects, and the hotel has not been replaced. REMARKABLE PRESERVATION. BY I. D. DWINELL. In the year 1866, the months of Aug. and Sept. were marked for the unusual amount of rain which fell "in these parts," which, culminating about the 21st of Sept., we were disposed to call it the line storm. The falling torrents had raised the trib- utary streams and Kingsbury branch to a flood of rushing waters. Rev. Mr. Lis- combe, a Methodist minister, who with his family sojourned with us 6 months, preaching occasionally (as oppoitunity al- lowed) the morning of the 22d, was stand- ing on the center of the foot-bridge at the head of Moscow falls, viewing the great rush of water, when the upper dam par- tially gave way, and the bridge started. He gave one leap up stream, and bridge and man went over the falls, a distance of 300 feet — 75 feet perpendicular — over three dams ; and for a wonder to everybody, he came out alive, bearing cuts and bruises, but not seriously injured ; ruining, how- ever, his overcoat and losing his hat. Oct. 28, he preached his farewell sermon here, and the Monday following, started with his family for Wisconsin ; not with- out getting a new hat and coat and about $50 as a parting gift. His daughter, who came here a widow of seventeen, was mar- ried Sept. 26 to Henry Goodell, one of our young townsmen. East Calais boasts of a young man, a graduate of Tufts College in 1880, who taught our district school, in the winter of 1881 ; Harley Nelson Pearce, who at the time of his birth, March, 1855, had twelve living grand-parents, six on his father's, and six on his mother's side. The latest surviving grand-parent was Judge Alonzo Pearce, who died July 25, 1879, aged 8oi years. LONGEVITY OF CALAIS. BY AM ASA TUCKKK, AGED 75. Persons deceased in town who were 70 years of age and over : Darius Slay ton, aged 90 years; Amasa Tucker, 90; Reuben D. Waters, 91 ; Wel- come Ainsworth, 91 ; Luther Ainsworth 88 ; Lyman Daggett, 95 ; Howe Wheeler 92 ; George Ide, 93 ; Gideon Hicks, Jr. 95 ; James Nelson, 93 ; Reuben Wilbur 94 ; Stephen Hall, 92 ; Barnabas Doty, 92 Squire Jennings, "]"] ; Jared Wheelock 87 ; Pardon Janes, 82 ; John White, 89 Asahel Pearce, 87 ; Alonzo Pearce, 80 Benjamin Gray, 82 ; Jonathan Tucker, 83 Asa George, 82 ; Thomas Stanton, 83 Ezekiel Sloan, 88; John Martin, Jr., 86 Aaron Bailey, over 80 ; Edmond Willis over 80 ; Daniel Young, 86 ; Bachus Pearce 87 ; Samuel Fay, 83 ; Samuel Mackus, 88 Thomas Cole, 85 ; Gideon Hicks, Sr., 75 Israel Dwinell, 88 ; Abijah Wheelock, 82 Asahel Pearce, 87 ; Nathan Bancroft, 82 Samuel Robinson, 85 ; Jabez Mower, 84 Jonathan Pray. 81 ; Ebenezer Cox, 81 Mason Wheeler, 81 ; Joseph Brown, 82 Remember Kent, 80 ; Remember Kent Jr., 81 ; Luther Morse, 82 ; Calvin Callier 82 ; Welcome Wheelock, 80 ; Thos. Hath- away, 84 ; Samuel Fuller, 84 ; Joshua Bliss, 2d, 84 ; John Martin, 84 ; Jonathan Dudley, 84; Luther Ainsworth, 88; Joshua Lilley, 88 ; Gideon Wheelock, 80 ; Jason Marsh, 80 ; Abram Hawkins, 83 ; Bucklin Slayton, 80; Willard Rideout, 86; Elijah Nye, 87; Sabin Ainsworth, 76; Edmund Willis, 86; Moses Ainsworth ; — Jacob Ainsworth, 85; Mercy Ainsworth, 86; Jason Marsh, 80 ; Amos Jennings, 82 ; Daniel Young, 86; David Thayer, 80; David Daggett, 80 ; Sylvester Jennings, 82 ; Edia Fair, 80 ; Beniah Short, T^) ! John Eddy, 76 ; Elias Smith, 70; Aaron Lamb, 75; Nathan Parker, 71 ; John White, Jr., 78 ; Geo. W. Foster, 70; Chas. Dudley, 76; John Em- erson, 75 ; Willard Bugbee, 79 ; John Dick- erson, 70 ; Noah Pearce, 74 ; Jacob Eaton. Sr., 'j'j ; Chas. Slayton, 71 ; Chancy Spauld- ing, 70; Jes.sa Slayton, 78; Simeon Slay- 1 66 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ton, TJ \ Seth Done, 71 ; Shubael Short, 79 ; Phineas Goodnough, 74 ; Bucklin Slay- ton, 80 ; John Cochran, 74 ; Britian Whee- lock, 72; Silas Wheelock, 70; Rev. V. G. Wheelock, 71 ; Stephen Pearce, 74; Noah Clark, 75 ; Nehemiah Merritt, ^2, ; Aaron Lilley, 74 ; Thomas Foster, 76 ; Frederick Bliss, 'J'] ; Jeremiah Cummings, 76 ; Perez Wheelock, 76 ; Asa Wheelock, 75 ; David Fair, 79 ; Squire Jennings, 78 ; Aaron Wheeler, 78 ; Adams White, 71 ; Reuben Pray, 72 ; Thomas Pray, 75 ; Jesse White, 74; Horace Ainsworth, 70; Hosea Ellis, 'J'] ; Nathaniel Hersey, 78 ; R. W. Tobey, 'j'^ ; Caleb Bliss, 79 ; Sabin Ainsworth ; Jonas Hall, 73 ; Isaac Wells, "j}, ; Stephen Martin, 76 ; Ezekiel Kent, T}, ; Lewis Wood, 'jy ; Ezekiel Burnham ; William Bruce ; Joshua Bliss ; Peter Nelson ; Wm. Abbott ; Benj. Bancroft; Salem Wheelock; Amos Wheelock; Vial A. Bliss, 75; John J. Willard ; Caleb Mitchell ; Lemuel Perry, TJ ; Jed'ah Fay ; Sally Lamb, 95 ; Rachel Bliss, 93 ; Esther Kendall, 93 ; Sarah Os- good, 93; Sarah Wood, 91 ; Amy M. A. Wheeler, 91 ; Mrs. Jas. Nelson, 91 ; Nancy Wright, 93 ; Mercy Willis, 94 ; Polly Janes, 80; Margaret Ainsworth, 93; Julia John- son, 90 ; Polly Wheelock, 85 ; Hannah Haskell, 80 ; Grace Jennings, 79 ; Polly Kent, 76; Elvira White, 74; Alfrida White, 73 ; Mary Curtis, ']'>) ; Almira Bliss, T}^ ; Catherine Robinson, 74 ; Charity Mower; Mary Jarvis, 72; Polly Marsh; Sally Wheelock, 'j'] ; Nancy Hall, T^i \ Car- oline Wright, Tj ; Phebe Bancroft, 74 ; Mrs. Joseph Brown ; Mrs. Rufus Green; Sally Marsh, ^-j ; Eliza Nye, "]"] ; Sarah Mitchell ; Lucy Ainsworth, 75 ; Polly Fay, 72 ; Elanor Doane ; Rachel Robinson, 78 ; Polly Janes, 79 ; Jane Hathaway, 74 ; Sally White, ']'>) ; Hannah Guernsey, 79 ; Polly Haskell, 79 ; Relief Eddy, 72 ; Emeline Cole, 71 ; Lydia Gray, 78; Betsey Stan- ton, 70 ; Catherine White, 71; Rowena Wheelock, 70 ; Polly Dudley, 78 ; Joanna Smith, 79 ; Jerusha Emerson, 72 ; Jerusha Sloan, 78 ; Lydia Eaton, 75 ; Amy Parker, "n ; Deborah Slayton, 75 ; Betsey Slayton, 72 ; Cynthia Wheelock, over 70 ; Eleanor Done ; Hannah Jennings, over 70 ; Mary- Short, 79 ; Roba Pierce, over 70 ; Sally Cochran, j-j ; Cyrena McKnight,73 ; Rachel Reed, 76; Hannah Turner, 71; Rebecca Mackus, -]■] ; Mercy Cole, 78 ; Sally Hicks, 74; Phila Dwinell, 71 ; Polly Gilman, T}) \ Mrs. Johnson, over 80; Widow Brown; Mrs. Samuel Robinson, 84; Lucy Ains- worth, 72 ; Alfrida Leonard, 80 ; Lydia Eaton, 70; Hannah Bliss, over 70 ; Azu- bah Tucker, 87; Hannah Ainsworth Per- ry, over 80 ; Sally Tucker, over 70 ; Phila Hathaway, 82. Mrs. Esther Kendall and Mrs. Sarah Osgood, aged 93, were twin sisters, and died within about two months of each other. OLD PEOPLE OF CALAIS now living, over 70 years of age, July, 1881 : Salem Goodnough, 82 ; Aaron Tucker, 86; Hosea Brown, 81; Joseph Whiting, 82; Kelso Gray; Elijah S. Jennings, 81 ; Henry Sumner, 80 ; Jacob Eaton, 80 ; E. C. M'Loud ; John Robinson ; Rachel Tucker, 81 ; Rispah Cox, 81 ; Lucy Kent, 81 ; Mary Abbott, 86; Sarah Ormsbee, 83; Polly Foster ; Avis Alden, 80 ; Ira Ellis, Ardin Martin, Ira Kent, Abdiel Kent, George Kent, Harvey Ainsworth, Orin Davis, Willard Nourse, Joseph Persons, James S. Daggett ; Amasa Tucker, 75 ; Caleb Bliss, Jerra Slayton, Isaac Davis, Chas. B. Marsh, Alonzo Stowe, Thos. J. Ormsbee, Thos. J. Porter, Jacob White, Jonas G. Ormsbee, Mason W. Wright; Lemuel Perry, 75 ; Henry Fay, Quincy A. Wood, Benjamin King ; Sally Fuller, 87 ; Betsey Webster, 81 ; Mary Morse, 81 ; Millicent Parker, 87 ; Sarah Mann ; Rhoda Goodell, 83 ; Deborah D. Little, Mehitable Kent, Sarah Bancroft, Louisa Bliss, Rutli Mer- ritt, Chloe Guernsey ; Mary Cochran, 74 ; Sarafina Fay, Polly Martin, Polly Pierce, Susan Wells, Polly Sumner, Fanny Thayer, Harriet Bruce, Caroline Wright, Eliza Stowe, Rowe, P. S., S. F. Jones, Berthana Hockett, Lydia Brown ; Lucy Hammond, ']^ ; Lydia Slayton, 70 ; Betsey Martin, 72 ; Marilla Perry, 73. Sixteen persons have committed suicide in town, and 6 persons out of the town who formerly lived here. There have been 14 saw-mills in town. CALAIS. 167 8 grist-mills, 2 potasheries, 7 distilleries and 10 cider-mills. [The town of Calais and State of Ver- mont are indebted to our aged contributor, Mr. Tucker, for the longest longevity list^ both of the dead and. living, received from any town yet in the State. — Ed.] ACCIDENTAL DEATHS, ETC. CO.NTKIBUTKI) BY ALLEN MOKSE. Joel Marsh was drowned in 1856, at the time he was helping to roll a lot of logs into Wheelock pond, getting entangled in them. 1839, Nathaniel Bancroft was drowned at Montpelier, during the great freshet of that year. S. Gaius Ainsworth was killed by a colt he was breaking ; the animal reared, and falling on him, so in- jured him that he died, 1858 or '9 ; Nelson Mower was killed about 1855, while draw- ing rails on a lumber wagon, one of them slipping from the axles, striking one end into the ground, and cast back so as to fall upon his head, with fatal results. June 15, 1873, Lafayette Teachout and wife and their little daughter, Dell, about 6 years old, Mrs. Amasa MacKnight and Miss Anna Tobey were drowned in Whee- lock pond. They, in company with 18 others, were out for a boat-ride, when the boat spnmg a sudden leak, and filled and sank. By the exertions of a few persons who witnessed the terrible accident, 18 out of the 23 were rescued from what seemed certain death for all. 1879, ^ ^O" of Otis Gray was killed by the caving in of a sand-bank, under which he was playing with some schoolmates. He was about 8 years old. James Jen- nings was frozen to death in 1794, [See record by Mr. Tobey] and 9 have died in town by suicide. Murders. — Rial Martin, a half-foolish, half-crazy person, shot and killed Jenner- son Wheelock and Lucius Ainsworth, July 16, 1858, for which crime he was tried the following year, and sentenced to be hung ; but on account of his mental conditions, his sentence was changed to imprisonment at hard labor for life. He died at Wind- sor about 2 years after his sentence. Royal S. Carr, murdered a half-breed Indian, WiUiam Murcommock, Dec. 11, 1878, for which he was tried, found guilty, and sen- tenced to be hung the last Friday in April, 1 88 1, and suffered in accordance with his sentence. These, it is believed are all the violent deaths that have occurred in Calais. DIPHTHERIA IN TEN DAYS. In one family, died, Aug. 26, Truman Doty, aged 17 years, 10 months and 17 days. Aug. 31, Mortimer D. Doty, aged 12 years, 8 months and 13 days. Aug. 31, Rinaldo C. Doty, aged 47 years and 5 days. Sept. 4th, Millard F. Doty, aged 9 years, I month and 10 days ; four members of one family in ten days, a father and three sons carried to the grave almost in one week ; — and the mother sick at the time of their death. Other instances very sad might be given, but this will suffice to mark, we have felt this scourge, in com- mon with so many towns in the State, dur- ing the last 20 years. KILLED IN BATTLE May 5th, 1864, William H. Stowe, of Calais, aged 25 years. This young man was the first in town to respond to his country's call for three years' men, and en- listed into the Second Vermont Regiment, of which he continued a brave and hon- ored member, beloved and respected by all his comrades. His term of service having nearly expired, he was fondly an- ticipating a speedy return home. But instead of his welcome presence, came the sad intelligence he was shot in battle in the afternoon of the first day's terrible fighting in the Wilderness. His funeral was attended in Calais, on Sunday, June 5th. A large congregation assembled to testify their respect to his memory. FRANCIS WEST AND DESCENDANTS. In Jan. 1787, Francis West, of Roch- ester, Mass., bought the entire right of Ebenezer Allen, one of the proprietors of Calais, and the next March began clearing his 2d div. lot, now owned by Aro P. Slay- ton. In the summer of 1788, he built upon it, and March, 1789, moved there, and made it his home while he remained in town. A deed, dated Sept. 1796, gives his residence as Montpelier, and in July, 1 68 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. 1797, he disposed of the last of his land in Calais. His children born in Calais were : Free- man, b. Oct. 1789, the first child born in town, died young, and was buried in the burying-ground east of Caleb Bliss' ; Sarah, b. 1 79 1, married Smith Bennett, who worked at tanning in Calais from 1830 until his death, in 1859. His wife died in 1842, and he afterward married Maria, daughter of Alexander and Polly (Tobey) White ; his children : Catherine Bennett, b. i8i8,m. Forbes Jones, resided in Calais ; Philip Sidney Bennett, b. 1820, m. ist, Ruth, daughter of Nathaniel and Ruth Eaton, and 2d, Sarah A Cochran ; resides in Calais, a successful farmer. His daugh- ter Ruth m. Murray A. Kent. Mary W. Bennett, b. 1828; L. Austin Bennett, b. 1833, enlisted July 21, 1862; died Feb. 19, 1863. MOSES STONE. In 1788, Nehemiah Stone, of Charlton, Mass., one of the proprietors of Calais, deeded his 2d div. lot (No. 28) to his son, Moses Stone. The next spring Moses came to Calais with Abijah and Peter Wheelock, and built upon his lot, now the J. W. E. Bliss farm. He returned to Charlton in the fall, and the next spring, 1789, came back with Abijah Wheelock, Samuel Twiss, and families. In Jan. 1794, lot No. 28 was deeded to Jonas Comings, and soon after Stone left town. SAMUEL TWISS. Samuel Twiss and wife came to Calais in the spring of 1789, and probably occu- pied the house built by Moses Stone the previous year. In company with Col. Davis, he built the mills near the center of the town in 1793, and became quite a land- holder in town, but in 1794 or '5 removed to Coit's Gore, now Waterville, Vt. ROBINSON. Capt. Samuel, son of Josiah and Anna (Barton), b. July 24, 1742, in Spencer, Mass., m. Molly Hammond, and settled in Charlton, Mass. ; was one of the propri- etors of the town of Calais, and a member of the committee that surveyed the town in 1783 and '6, but did not reside here until 1808, when he built the house where Capt. A. J. Mower now lives, and resided there until his death, Oct. 29, 1827 ; children : Joel, b. 1772; Anna, b. 1776, m. Col. tialeb Curtis ; Samuel, b. 1779, died un- married ; Lydia, b. 1783, taught school the summer of 1801, in Remember Kent's barn, m. Jacob Wilson, and settled in Spencer, Mass., where they reared a large family. Their son Hazary P. resided some 20 years in Calais; William, b. 1785; Polly, b. 1787, m. Nathaniel Bancroft; James, b. 1790, d. 18 14 : Cynthia and Sally, b. 1793; Cynthia d. 1814, and was the first person buried in the Robinson burying- ground ; Sally m. Sherman Oilman. Joel, son of Capt. Samuel, m. Rachel Stevens. He came to Calais in 1795, and the next year bought the i6o-acre lot N. of Kent's Corner, at tax sale for 15s., made it his home and died there, 1832. His wife died, 1854; children: Lydia, b. 1797, m. Dwight Marsh; Eri, b. 1799, died 1803; John, b. 1801 ; Levi, b. 1803; Elon, b. 1809; Hiram, b. 1812. Isaac, son of Capt. Samuel, m. Julia Harwood, in 1808, and soon after settled on the lot north of his brother Joel's, where he died July, 1826; children: Julia M., b. 1809, m. Luke Stratton ; Harriet H., b. 1811, m. Oliver Mower; Emeline, b. 1815, died young; Samuel O., b. 1816, m. Harriet (Arnold) Simpson. He learned harness-making, worked in Montpelier, Albany and Troy, N. Y., and in Boston; in 1872, bought the mills near the center of Calais, and has been town clerk and treasurer since 1876. D. Azro A. Buck, b. 1823, m. Josephine Burnett ; settled in Columbus, O., engaged in mercantile pursuits. His son, Edward Lyon, b. 1857, is a gradeate of :New Haven, Conn. Law School. William, son of Capt. Samuel, m. Eunice Blashfield, came to Calais {1808, began on Maple Corner lot, and afterward lived with his father. His wife died 1836 and about 1840 he removed to Charlton, Mass. Children: Adeline A., b. 1818, m. a Mr. White of Charlton Mass. ; Chester B., b. 1825, d. 1839; William H., b. 1827, died young. CALAIS. 169 John, son of Joel, m. 1828, Hannah Taylor, and bought soon after the farm where W. G. Kent now lives. In 1848, exchanged for a farm at Maple Corner, and the same year built the " Red Shop " which he and his sons owned until 1876. His wife died 185 1, and he m. Mrs. Lucy (Hodgkins) Crosier. His children : Emily E., b. 1829, m. William H. Safford ; they taught school some years in Calais, Mont- pelier and Strafford ; in 1854 and 5, he published the "Star of Vermont" at Northfield ; was in the printing house of Houghton & Co. at Cambridge, Mass., some six years, and since 1866 has been connected with the publishing house, now Houghton & Mifflin, Boston. Their chil- dren are : Mary Alida, b. 1848, m. Dr. W. J. Clark of Milford, Mass. Agnes E., b. 1852, m. Charles E. White of Adams Ex- press Co. Boston. William Leslie, b. 1854, d. 1866. Lillian M., b. 1871. Edwin E., b. 1835, served 3 years in ist Reg't. Vt. Sharp-shooters ; was quarter- master sergeant of the reg't. ; since 1864 has engaged in mechanical and mercantile pursuits in Worcester, Mass., Lapeer, Mich., and ^ince 1877, in Calais; William C, b. 1838, m. Coralinn E. Bliss; resided in Calais ; died, 1875 ; daughter, Ina Lucy, b. 1868. Levi, son of Joel, m. 1832, Catherine Daggett. He bought, 1830, the farm now owned by his son, Julius S., where he re- sided until his death, Sept. 1863 ; his widow d. May, 1881 ; children: Joel E., b. 1834; served in the 13th Reg't. Vt. Vols., mustered out July 21, 1863, died July 28, 1863, of disease contracted in the service; Julius S., b. 1836, m. Mary A. Pierce, who died 1872, and he m. Harriet L. (Norris) Persons ; resides on his fath- er's old farm ; children: IrvinG., b. 1864; Ilda G., b. 1865 ; Inda M., b. 1867 ; Lucy C, b. 1878; Otis v., b. 1838, d. 1863; Mary C, b. 1845, m. James K. Tobey. Elon, son of Joel, m. 1833, Patience Taylor, who died 1853, and he m. Rachel A. Bliss. He lived upon his father's old homestead until his death, in 1863; chil- dren: Lenora G., b. 1835, rn- Martin Goodnough ; Algernon E., b. 1843, d. 1863 ; thtee other children died young. Hiram, son of Joel, m. Julia Ainsworth, who died i860, and he m. Mrs. Lovisa Hodgden ; resided in Calais, in Read- ing, Vt., and the last few years of his life in Northern Vt. and Canada; d. 1876. His daughter, Minerva J., b. 1837, m. Sol- omon K. Hapgood, and resides in Read- ing. ZOETH TOBEY, b. Sept. 15, 1764, m. Sarah West, b. July 7, 1770, and settled first in New Bedford, Mass. ; removed to Wardsboro, Vt., about 1792. In 1799, he bought the farm in Calais now (1881) owned by C. O. Adams, built upon it, and in 1805, sold it, and removed to Eastern New York. In 18 10, he re- turned, and began clearing what is now known as the Dr. George farm, where he died Mar. 16, 18 12. The farm remained in the hands of his heirs until 18 18, when it was sold to Dr. John Gilman. His widow m. 1st, Peter Wheelock, and 2d, John Gray, both of Calais. His children were : Elizabeth, b. 1791, m. 1814, David Dag- gett, b. 1778, in Charlton, Mass., lived in Calais and Montpelier. He d. 1861 ; she in 1862; children: Eli, b. 1815, died young; Polly W., b. 1818, m. Isaac fhap- man; Maria K., b. 1820, m. Thomas B. Muldoon; Lyman, b. 1822, m. Mary E. Belding; Avery T., b. 1824, m. Mary J. Corwin ; David J., b. 1827, m. Kate Roddy ; Delia P., b. 1831, m. John R. Cooley ; Lizzie, b. 1833, m. John M. Gunnison. Mary and Keziah b. 1793; Mary died young ; Keziah m. Isaac Raise, resided in Somerset, Niagara Co., N. Y. ; in 1865, removed to Delaware, where she died. Avery, b. 1796, m. Sally Norton, and settled at Russellville, Crawford Co., 111., had seven children, of whom only one, Sewell, the youngest, is living. Polly, b. 1798, m. 1820, Alexander White, by whom she had two daughters, Sarah Maria, b. 1822, Amanda R., b. 1827, d. 1866. Mr. White d. 1828, and his widow m. Jeremiah Comins, b. ^787, in Charlton, Mass. She d. 1855, and he in 1863. lyo VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Richard West, b. 1800, m. 1822, Lydia, dau. of Edward Tucker, b. 1803. Shed. 1844, and he m. Hannah C. (Dodge) Kelton. His children were : DeUa Irena, b. 1823, m. Thomas Bell, reside at Hills Grove, R. I.; children: Abbie W., b. 1856, and Arthur T., b. 1864 ; WiUiam El- liott, b. 1825, m. 1853, Martha F. Martin; she d. 1878 ; he now resides in Calais ; children : Anna C, b. 1856, was drowned in Wheelock pond, June, 1873 ; Lydia M., b. 1859; Phebe Roxana, b. 1828, m. 1854, Amos W. Eddy, of Walden, Vt., where they have since resided ; children : Emma L., b. 1855, d. 1875 ; Marcia M., b. 1857 ; Nellie M., b. 1862; Edmund W., b. 1870; Orvis S., b. 1832, m. 1859, Nancy M. Hargin, resides in Hammond, St. Croix Co., Wis. ; children : Jennie B., b. 1863 ; Alpa A., b. 1866; Lena J., b. 1867; James K., b. 1845, m. 1870, Mary C. Rob- inson, lives in Calais ; children : Lelia M., b. 1873; Laura C, b. 1875; Clara Leone, b. 1879. Richard W. was a farmer, hotel- keeper, and mill-owner in Calais, East Montpelier, and Walden, Vt., Royalton, N. Y., and Absecon, N. J. He died in Calais, May, 1874. Zoeth 2d, b. 1803, died young; Allen, b. 1805, m. Elvira Ellis. He was a successful farmer, and resided in Calais, d. 1875; children: El- bridge A., b. 1847; Martin D., b. 1853; Elbridge A. m. Kate Doty, by whom he had a son, Allen. His wife died 1879, and he is now practicing medicine in Warren, N. H. Martin E. owns the old homestead. MANUFACTORIES IN CALAIS. BY ALLEN MOUSE. The proprietors of Calais, June, 1792, to " encourage the building of a corn-mill and saw-mill " offered 200 acres of land to any person who would build the same within a specified time, and in "Octo- ber, 1793, met and accepted" both mills which had been been built by Col. Jacob Davis, and Samuel Twiss, near the center of the town, the saw-mill on the same spot where the one owned by S. O. Robinson now stands, and the grist-mill just below it. These first mills in town, were bought about 1800, by Jason Marsh, and run by him, and his son, Jason, more than 68 years. They passed into the hands of William White, who owned them a brief time; sold to E. N. Morse, who .sold to S. O. Robinson, in 1872, present owner. The situation of these mills is good, and had the water-power been as good, no mills in town would have done as much busi- ness ; but in dry times they are without sufficient water, still they have always done a remunerative business, and are in repair. The demand for lumber, soon caused other saw-mills to be built ; one about 1800, by Col. Jacob Davis at the outlet of what is now known as the Wheelock pond, where an excellent water-power was easily obtained. Jason Marsh, who seem- ed to have a penchant for mill-property, which he transmitted to his descend- ants, bought this mill about 1820, and put a run of stone in a part of the saw-mill ; running it a few years, he sold to Gideon Wheelock, who owned it some years, since which it has passed through several hands ; owned since 1874, by H. O. Marsh, who has added a shop for the manufacture of coffins and caskets, in which he does a small business. The saw-mill is one of the best in town. Soon after the 2d mill the 3d, by Peter Wheelock, on the present C. Bliss farm, poor water-power, soon abandoned. 1803, Joel Robinson built a saw-mill at Kent's Corner, which did fair business for a time ; now in good repair ; does a small business. 1811, Joseph Brown built a saw-mill in the Brown dis- trict ; owned and run by the Browns about 30 years ; abandoned. 1828, Isaac Davis built the saw-mill, Pekin ; nni about 25 years ; 1834, Charles Slayton built one ; not a success. 1824, Dea. Joshua Bliss built the one, Jesse White rebuilt, about 1840 at the outlet of Martin pond, now owned by William Dailey. 1856, John Robinson built one at Maple Corner. It tapered to nothing in about 15 years. Grist Mills : About 1820, Jason Marsh built one at No. 10, that he run several years ; sold to Gideon Wheelock, who run it 10 or 12 years and sold to John Rich, who run it about as long, when it changed CALAIS. 171 owners often till 1874, when E. D. Has- kell bought, enlarged, and added machinery for manufacturing woolen goods, and card- ing wool ; employed about 6 hands ; nin about 3 years ; failed ; since it has done but little. 1 8 17, Col. Curtis built a small grist-mill on Curtis Pond ; abandoned as a mill in about 10 years. 1847, John Rob- inson built the red shop, machine shop, etc., grist-mill; the grist-mill part was of small account ; the machine-shop part was run by Nathan Bancroft until 1852 ; since used as a general repair shop, etc., for the manufacture of horse-rakes, etc., owned by L. A. Kent. Wool-carding: Holbrook & Waters began here first on A. Haskell's present farm, about 1802 or '3; and continued the business for a few years. 1820, Jason Marsh put a carding-machine into his grist- mill that was in operation 8 or 10 years. 1827, E. C. and Ira McLoud commenced here and carried on cloth-dressing at No. ID till 1844. They charged from $1,000 to $ifoo a year; that shows the looms of our mothers were not idle ; they sold to G. J. Slayton and Joseph Andrews, who continued the business some 10 or 12 years, adding in time the carding of wool ; the building has since been used for making and repairing carriages ; is now occupied by Peter St. Rock. Holbrook & Waters also manufactured wooden clocks, and cast bells up to 200 pound's weight ; at the same time they carded wool, but their business was small. Distilleries appeared in 1812, and in a short time increased to seven, and did an active business for several years, but as the temperance element developed they gradually went out of existence, and for the last half century there has not been any liquor distilled in town, and there is probably less liquor drank in this town at present, than in any other town in the county. Lemuel Perry manufactured potash, op- posite the Christian church, as early it is believed as 1800, for some 10 years, and then moved just below the Marsh mills, where he continued the business about 15 years. Jonas Hall made axes and scythes in a small way for a number of years, and built a two-story brick house for which he made the brick ; the house is well preserved ; owned now by J. P. Laird. Mr. Hall owned and improved the saw-mill near his place ; his manufactures commenced about 1812. Boot and shoe business, 1829, 1. & A. Kent commenced this manufacture here, which continues to the present (1881 — See Kent record.) In the early years of this business they employed a dozen workmen, and run a two-horse team from here to Canada disposing of their goods. Of late years the business has declined, probably owing very much to the pressure of other business, but it has been of material ben- efit to this town, especially in its earlier days. Starch-making, 1844. — The Kent firm above, in Company with L. Bancroft, built a starch factory, which they run till i860, making some years 80 tons. Soon after Moses Sheldon began to make starch about 2 miles below the first company, but soon gave up the business. Carriage-making was begun here in 1840, at No. lo* by Rial Ainsworth, who made carriages of 40 diflerent kinds in a year. His business is much smaller now. Silk culture excited some attention here, and several parties about 1830, en- gaged in it. It soon died out. This vi- cinity, or those engaged in the business, were not adapted to that industry ; but some silk cloth has been manufactured in Calais, handkerchiefs, etc. There is one literary society in the town, called the Calais Circulating Library .formed in 1832, with ^2 members ; additions have been made nearly every year ; the library numbers now nearly 800 vols. There was also another library, started at East Calais, ro or 15 years ago. It is much smaller, but the books are excellent. post-office. BY L. A. KENT, P. M. The first post-office was established in town about 1828, Gideon Wheelock first postmaster, living at the Center, where H. Bancroft now lives ; Jonas Hall was the 172 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. next P.M.; the office was kept at the brick house where James Laird now lives, from 1830 to ■'49, when Ira Kent was made P. M., and the office moved to Kent''s Corners, where it has since remained, except from '65 to '68, A. Goodnough held the office at his house, where B. Wheeler now lives. B. P. White was postmaster from '68 to '73, when L. A. Kent succeeded him, and still holds the appointment. An office was created at East Calais about 1830, Asa Alden postmaster till '57; then Z. G. Pierce about 3 years, J. H. Cole 3 yearS' A. D. Pearce 8 years, F. A. Dwinell 4 years, to 1874, since which time C. R. Dwinell has held the office. In 1880, another office was established at North Calais, with S. B. Fair postmaster. Of the publications received at the Calais of- fice there are 65 weeklies, 21 monthlies, i daily, 2 semi-weeklies. LETTER OF STILLMAN CHURCHILL, sent to me 23 years ago, inclosing a po- etical contribution from his wife — Ed. :] Mrs. Churchill was born in Calais, Nov. 29, 181 8; her maiden name was Marsh. She was married to Stillman Churchill, Esq., in 1841. She is musical as well as poetical ; her father (Perry Marsh), was at one time a manufacturer oi the piano (in Calais.) She is a lover of music and a skillful practitioner. Mr C. removed to Stowe, his native town, in 1845, and went to farming, she having the care of a large dairy, and making butter and cheese with her own hands. Her husband in 1850 and '51, built the Mansfield House and fur- nished it at an expense of $10,000, and cut a road to the top of Mansfield. Mrs. C. was the first lady who ever rode on to the summit of the same, when she wrote the lines headed, Mansfield Mountain. She now resides again in Montpelier. A short sketch, which you may alter as you please. Stillman churchill. Montpelier, June 21, 1858. MANSFIELD MOUNTAIN. A song foi' the mountains, the storm-brewing moun- tains, Ascendinfj the lieaveus, the vaulted expanse; Their notches anil gorges llie antliem prolong, Tlieir valleys and woodlands enhance. Then join the high cliorus, O, man! 'tis for thee That up from wild nature such pteans arise; Drink deep of its spirit, pure, fearless and free. And let thy glad numbers ascend to the sides. With thought and with puriwse as firm, bold, and strong As rocks piled to mountaius, send upward tliy song. PERSONS WHO HAVE CELEF.RATED THEIR GOLDEN WEDDINGS. Mr. and Mrs. Howe Wheeler, 72 years ; Mr. and Mrs. Salem Goodenough,62 years ; Mr. and Mrs. Aaron Tucker, 60 years ; Mr. and Mrs. Luther Moi-se. 59 years ; Mr. and Mrs. Aaron Wheeler, 59 years ; Mr. and Mrs. Ebenezer Cox, 57 years ; Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Brown, 55 years; Mr. and Mrs. David Fair, 56 years; T. J. Porter, 51 ; Mr. and Mrs. Asahel Pearce, Mr. and Mrs. Gideon Hicks, Mr. and Mrs. Israel Dwinell, Mr. and Mrs. Asa Alden, Mr. and Mrs. Dr. Asa George, Mr. and Mrs. Aaron Lamb, Mr. and Mrs. Alonzo Pearce, Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Gray. TOVm OFFICERS. Treasurers. — Samuel Fay 95, Peter Wheelock 96to98, Abdiel Bliss 99 to 1801, Oliver Palmer 1802 to 3, Joshua Bliss, 2d, 1804 to 6, 19 to 21, Jedediah Fay 1807 to 9, Samuel Danforth 10, 11, Lemuel Perry 12, 13, 15, 18, Levi Wright 14, Preserved Wright 16, 17, Caleb Curtis 22 to 25, Gid- eon Hicks 26 to 47, Nelson A. Chase 48 to 64, Alonzo D. Pearce 65, William White, 66 to 69, Marcus Ide 70 to 75, Jonas G. Ormsbee, June 1875 to Mar. 76, Samuel O. Robinson 76 to 81. Moderators. — Joshua Bliss95,.9, 1800, 2, 3, 4, 12, Jonas Comins 96, 7, Jonathan Eddy 98, Gershom Palmer 1801, 7, 8, 9, 10, II, Caleb Curtis 5, 6, 13, 15 to 24, Abijah Wheelock 14, Caleb Putnam 25, 6, Shubael Wheeler 27, Lovel Kelton 28, Pliny Curtis 29, 30, i, 3, 4, 7, 8, 40 to 46, Nathaniel Eaton 32, 5, 56, Asa George 36, 9, 47, 55, 8 to 64, 6, 7, J. Harvey Cole 48 to 52, Abdiel Kent 53, 4, Rufus P. Moses 57, Albert Dwinell 65, 9, 70, i, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8,80, 81, Benjamin P. White 68, James K. Tobey 73- 5. 9- Constables. — Jonas Comins 95 to 97, Caleb Curtis 98, Aaron Bliss 99, Samuel Fay 1800, Jason Marsh 1801 ; Joshua Bliss, 2d, 1802, Shubael Shortt 1803, Abijah Wheelock 4 to 6, Gideon Wheelock 7, 8, Medad Wright 9, J. R. Densmore 10, 11, Ona Kelton 12, 13, Remember Kent 13, Jedediah Fay 15 to 17, Nathan Kelton 18 to 22, James Morse 23, 25 to 28, Shubael CALAIS. 173 Wheeler 24, Perry Marsh 29, 30, Alonzo Pearce 31 to 33, Ira McLoud 34 to 37, Ira Kent 38, Chas. B. Marsh 39 to 41, Enoch C. McLoud 42 to 46, David B. Fay 47 to 50, Luther Morse 51- to 53, J. V. R. Kent 54> S5> 65, 66, Alonzo D. Pearce 56, 57, 67 to 69, Walter P. Slayton 58 to 63, 70 to 74, Lee H. Bliss 64, Benjamin P. White, 75 to 81. Collectors. — Alonzo C. Slayton 68, Smilie Bancroft 71. Selectmen. — Joshua Bliss 95, 96, 98 to 1804, 12, Edward Tucker 95, Jonas Com- ins 95, 97, Asa Wheelock 96, Abijah Wheelock 96, 97, 1812, Oliver Palmer 97, Jonathan Eddy 98, Shubael Shortt 98 to 1 80 1, Abdiel Bliss 99, Gersham Palmer 1800 to 4, 7 to 9, Peter Wheelock 2 to 4, Caleb Curtis 5, 6, 15 to 20, Gideon Hicks 5 to 9, 13, 15 to 20, Samuel Danforth 6, Lemuel Perry 7 to 9, 13, 14, 19, 22, Rufus Green 10, 11, Ebenezer Goodenough 10, 11, Levi Wright 10, 11, Gideon Wheelock 12, 21, Isaac Kendall 13, 15, Samuel Fay 14, Jera Wheelock 14, Jedediah Fay 16, 17, Aaron Lamb 18, Preserved Wright 20, 21, David G. Sheple 21, Joshua Bliss, 2d, 22, Caleb Putnam 22 to 26, Lovel Kelton 23,36, Medad Wright 23, 24, Pardon Janes 24, 25, 27, Welcome Wheelock 25, 26, 37, 38, Shu- bael Wheeler 26, 27, Jonas Hall 27, 28, 30, Alonzo Pearce 28 to 30, William Robinson 28, 29, Oliver Merritt 29, Jesse White 30, 32, 33, 49, 50, Pliny Curtis 31, 32, Nelson A. Chase 31, 32, 42, 43, 45 to 47, Charles Sibley 31, Joseph Blanchard 33, 34,48, Asa Alden 33, 34, 47, 49, 50, Charles Dudley 34, 35, 43, 44, Richard W. Tobey 35' 36, 39, Alonzo Pearce 35, Samuel Rich 36, Joseph Lance 37, 38, 39, Israel Dwin- ell yj , 38, John White 39, 40, J. Harvey Cole 40, 41, 53, 54, Levi^is Wood 40, 41, 47, 48, 61, 62, 68, 69, Abdiel Kent 41, 42, 44 to 46, 66, 67, Chester Bugbee 42, 43, 48, 49, 55, 56, 57, 73, Stephen Pearce 44 to 46, Rufus P. Moses 50, 51, Mason W. Wright 51, 52, Alfred P. Hicks 51, 52, 55, 56, 64, 65, 67, 70, 71, 72, Jonas G. Orms- bee 52, 53, Allen Tobey 53, 54, John V. R. Kent 54, 55, 58, 59, 65, John Morse 56, John Rich 57, William S. Orcutt 57, 59, 60, 61, 66, 68, 69, Charles B. Marsh 58, Sidney H. Foster 58, 59,60, Zephaniah G. Pierce 60, 61, 62, TJ, 78, 9, Alonzo M. Foster 62, 63, Ezekiel Kent 63, 64, Ira S. Dwinell 63, William White 64, 68, 69, 74, 75' 78' 79. 80, Albert Dwinell 65, Benja- min P. White 66, 67, 70, 71, 72, Walter P. Slayton 70 to 74, "]"], 80, J. Warren Leonard 73, 75, 76, 80, 81, Andrew Has- kell, 74, Samuel O. Robinson 75, James K. Tobey 76, 81, Lemuel M. Gate 76, 81, Orson Putnam "jj, 78, 9. Listers. — Jedediah Fay 95, 98, 99, 1 8 13, Abijah Wheelock 95, 1805, 11, Aaron Bliss 95, 1805, Samuel Fay 96, 99, 1801, 2. 3, 13' 15' 19' Jonas Comins 96, 1803, Goddard Wheelock 96, Gersham Palmer 97, 1806, Gideon Wheelock 97, i8c2, 15, 16, Jonathan Tucker 97, 1809, Simon Davis 98, Levi Wright 98, 1801, 12,44, 45,Phin- eas Davis 99, 1801, 5, Joshua Lilley 1800, Elnathan Hathaway 1800, 2, 3, Peter Wheelock 1800, Jonathan Eddy 1800, Caleb Curtis 1800, 2, 8, 9, 10, 18,21, 22, 24, 25, 32, Daniel Carpenter 1801, James Gin- nings 1801, 3, Edward Tucker 1802, Rufus Green 1803, Lemuel Perry 1803, 4, 19, Ebenezer Goodnough 1804, Alpheus Bliss 1804, Remember Kent 6, 7, Noah C. Clark 6, 7, Oliver Palmer 7, Joshua Bliss 8, 11, Samuel Danforth 8, Isaac Kendall 9, John R. Densmore 10, 12, 13, 15, Gideon Hicks ID, II, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 23, 27, 32, 33, yj, Aaron Lamb 1812, Ephraim Ladd 14, Joel Robinson 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, Joshua Bliss, 2d, 16, Caleb B. Mitchell 17, Pre- served Wright 18, Nathan B. Spaulding 19, Benjamin Page 20, Caleb Putnam 21, Isaac Davis 21, 23, Israel Dwinell 22, 24, Oliver Shipley 22, Lovel Kelton 24, 25, 27, 28, 31, 32, 33, Shubael Wheeler 25, 28, 29, 30, David G. Shipley 26, Lemuel Bliss 26, Welcome Wheelock 27, 30, Jabez Mower 28, Nelson A. Chase 29, 30, 34, 65, Pliny Curtis 29, 39, 40, Oliver Mower 31, Pardon Janes 31, Abdiel Kent ^^y 34, yj, 42, 43, 47, Nathaniel Eaton 34, 35, 42, 43, 44, 52, Lewis Wood 35, 36, 38, 44, 45, Enoch C. McLoud 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, Charles Sibley 36, Alonzo Pearce yj, 52, John Walbridge 38, 39, Silas Wheelock 40, 56, Charles Dudley 41, 46, 47, 50, 51. 174 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Alfred P. Hicks 41, 43, 50, Richard W. Tobey 41, Joseph Lance 42, Elias Smith 45, 46, 64, "]■},, 76, Ezekiel Kent 46, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 70, 71, J. Harvey Cole 47, 59, 60, J. W. E. Bliss 48, Charles Stevens 48, 49, John Rich 48, 49, 53, 54, Allen Tobey 49, 50, 51, 52, 55, 66, 74, Joseph W. Pierce 51, 57, 58, J. V. R. Kent 53, Ira S. Dwinell 53, 54, 55, J. O. A. Allen 54, Jesse White 55, 56, Levi G. Dwinell 56, William White 57, 59, Loam Hath- away 58, Jacob Eaton 58, Chester Bugbee 60 to 63, 65, 68, 70, 71, J. Warren Leon- ard 61 to 63, I. Rich Kent 63 to 65, Lem- uel M. Cate 64, 67, Charles French 66, 67, Lewis Bancroft 66, 67, 68, John Morse 68, Alfred P. Wheelock 69, Walter P. Slay- ton 69, John O. Haskell 69, Charles B. Marsh 70, 71, James K. Tobey 72, 73, Andrew Haskell 72, 75, 76, 81, Alonzo C. Slayton 72, J. P. Carnes ^i, 74, 78, 81, Albert Dwinell 74, 75, 78, Alpheus S. Bliss 75, 76, 9, Henry C. Wells 'j'j, 81, Jerome N. lUiss -]■], 80, Harry A. Morse 'j'j, 78, 80, Albert C. George 79, Isaac Davis 79, Willard Bugbee 80. Superintendent of Schools. — Na- thaniel Eaton 46, Nelson A. Chase 46, 7, 50, 6, 7, 60, Lester Warren 46, 9, 51, Henry Slayton 48, Asa George 52, Silas Wheelock 53, Sidney H. Foster 54, 5, Benjamin P. White 58, 9, 61, 2, Lee H. Bliss 63, 4, J. Henry McLoud 65, 6, 8, Marcus Ide 67, Frank A. Dwinell 69, M. S. Hathaway 70, i, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 81, Geo. H. Gray 73, 8, W. W. Ainsworth 79, 80. Delegates to Constitutional Con- ventions.— Samuel Fay 14, Benjamin Page 22, Thomas Cole 28, Shubacl Wheeler 36, Nelson A. Chase 43, 50. Justices of the Peace. — Peter Whee- lock 95 to 1805, Gersham Palmer 1800 to II, Gideon Hicks 8 to 49, Lemuel Perry 8 to 18, 22, 30 to 38, Samuel Fay 14, Gid- eon Wheelock 17 to 30, Nathan Kelton 18, Caleb Curtis 18, 20 to 35, Isaac Davis 21, 2, Lovell Kelton 22, 24 to yj, Nathaniel Eaton 30 to 49, 51, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 60, 63, Medad Wright 31 to 34, Ohver Mower 31 to 36, Shubael Wheeler 31 to 49, Jacob Tewksbury il>^ 4. 7; ^^ 9' 4°? Pliny Curtis 2)1)^ 34i 39 to 45. Nelson A. Chase 33, 34, 41 to 55, Asa George i^}, to 49, 78, 9, Ja- bez Mower 33, 34, yj to 49, Jos. Hatch 34, Wm. Robinson 35 to 39, Jedediah Fay 36, Shubael Shortt 36, Abijah Whee- lock 36, Jason Marsh 36, Alonzo Pearce yi to 53, 55, 56, 58 to 60, 62 to 75, H. W. W. Miller 38, E. C. McLoud 38 to 49, Abdiel Kent 38 to 54, 62, Luther Morse 38 to 50, Joseph Lance })^ to 44, Richard W. Tobey 40 to 47, Herman Bliss 40, J. Harvey Cole 42, 46 to 49, 54, 57, Joshua M. Dana 42, Welcome Wheelock 42 to 49, Charles Dudley 42 to 49, Lewis Wood 46 to 49, 55 to 57, 61, Joseph Blanchard 46 to 49, Alfred P. Hicks 47 to 50, 53, 4, 8, 9, 60, David B. Fay 48, 9, Bennett Palmer 48, 9, Rufus P. Moses 49 to 57, Jonas Hall 49, A. S. Nelson 49, John Morse 49, 62 to 67, Tilnus Hathaway 49, 52 to 61, Jonas G. Ormsbee 49, Ira S. Dwinell 49, 76, 'j'j, 80, 81, James S. Gray 49, Lemuel Perry Jr., 49, John Rich 50 to 54, E. A. Hath- away 51, H. K. Slayton 55 to 62, Charles B. Marsh 56, 7, Sidney H. Foster 56, 72, 3, J. V. R. Kent 57 to 69, 76, 7, Charles S. Bennett 58 to 60, 62 to ']},, Chester Bugbee 61, William White 61, 2, Lee H. Bliss 62, Alonzo M. Foster 63 to 65, J. Warren Leonard 63 to 69, George J. Slay- ton 64, 5, Walter P. Slayton 66 to JT, 80, 81, Edwin D. Haskell 66, 67, 691071, S. S. Macomber68 to T] , Otis Slayton 68, Benjamin P. White 70 to ']T), Elias Smith 70, 71, 78, 9, Benjamin Wheeler 72, 3, S. O. Robinson 74, 5, James K. Tobey 74, 75) 78) 9) Orson Putnam 74 to TJ, 80, 81, M. S. Hathaway 74, 75, 78, 9, Shubael B. Fair ^(3, 7, 80, 81, Henry C. Wells 76, 7, J. P. Carnes 78, 9, Alpheus S. Bliss, 78, 9, Herman O. Marsh 78, 9, W. W. Ains- worth 80, 81 , Harry A. Morse 80, 81 , Chas. French 80, 81. Representatives.— Peter Wheelock 95 to 99, Abdiel Bliss 1800, i, Joshua Bliss 2, Gersham Palmer 3, 5 to 10, Lemuel Perry 4, Gideon Wheelock 12, 13, 17, 21, Sam'l. Fay 14, Benjamin Page 15, 16, 22, Caleb Curtis 18 to 20, Lovel Kelton 23 to 25, 27, David G. Shipley 26, Pardon Janes 28 to 31, Shubael Wheeler n, 34, 47, Pliny CALAIS. I7S Curtis 35, 36, Joseph Lance 37, 38, Alonzo Pearce 39, 40, Abdiel Kent 41, 42, Chas. Dudley 43, 44, Nelson A. Chase 45, 46, Enoch C. McLoud 48, 49, David B. Fay 50, Rufus P. Moses 51, 52, Ebenezer S. Demming 53, Asa George, 54, 55, Lester Warren 56, 57, Hiram K. Slayton 58, 59, Albert Dwinell 60, 61, John V. R. Kent, 62, 63, Alonzo M. Foster 64, 65, Sidney H. Foster 66, 67, Ira A. Morse 68, 69, Walter P. Slayton 72, 73, James K. Tobey 74, 75, Erasmus L. Burnap 76, 'j'j, Benja- min P. White 78, 79, J. Warren Leonard 80, 81. State Senators. — Nathaniel Eaton 40, 41, Albert Dwinell 78, 79, 80, 81. Assistant Judges of County Court.— Shubael Wheeler 27 to 30, Pliny Curtis y], 8, Alonzo Pearce. Judge of Probate. — Gersham Palmer 10, Nelson A. Chase 68, 69. Sheriff. — Alonzo D. Pearce 70. Clerk of County Court. — Shubael Wheeler 45 to 8, 50 to — GRAND list. The list for the year 1795 was £lo\, los; 1796,^788,105. The first general list under the act of March 20, 1797, is recorded: 61 polls at $20, $1220; 174^^ acres improved land at $1.75 per acre, $305.37; other property and assessments, $1670.38, total, $3195.75. 1798, 67 polls, 191 acres, $2142.73, personal, total, $3,- 816.72 ; 1799, 72polls, 312 acres, $2702.06, personal, total, $4689.37 ; 1800, 80 polls, 400 acres, $39.50 houses, $2750.50, person- al, total, $5090.00. For valuations, etc., upon which these and the following list are based, see svun- mary of list for 18 12. GRAND LIST OF 180I. The first complete list now on file. The date next the name signifies the year of settlement, or near as can be ascertained ; a. signifies acre or acres of improved land ; b. and figures following, appraisal of the buildings ; cash figures alone, the whole amount of list : Wm. Abbott, 1799 or 1800, $20; Ains- worth, Moses 1797, $6.50; Reuben, 1799, 1800, I a., $28.25, Sabin, 1797, 4 a., $3.50 ; Alvord, Isaac 1801, $26.50, Stephen, 1797,6 a., $57; Bliss, Aaron 1795,6 a., b. $250, $62, Abdiel, 1798, 30 a., b. $400, $148.50, Alpheus, 1799, 1800, b. $300, $72.50, Caleb, 1800, $58, David, 1797, 7 a., b. $150, $88.25, Frederick, 1795' 1° a., $90.50, Joshua, 1795, 15 a., $115.75; Joshua 2d., 1798, 17 a., $124.75, Noah, 1798,4 a., $70; Beckwith, Joshua 1800, $40 ; Carpenter, Daniel 1800, b. $300, $59 ; Clark, Noah L. 1797, 5 a., b. $100, $63.75 ; Comings, Jonas 1795, 5 a., b. $200, $65.75 ; Curtis, Caleb 1798, 3 a., b. $250, $76.75; Daggett, David 1778, $26.50; Danforth, Samuel 1800, $40; Davis, Silas 1801, $20, Simeon, 1795, 8 a., $54, Phineas, 1797, 8 a., b. $250, $73.50; Dickenson, John 1798, $20; Doane, Elisha 1797, t^Z'-i Eddy, Edmund 1800, b. $100, $27, Jonathan, '797> $31-50; Emerson, John 1797, 3 a., $63.25; Fay, Jedediah 1795, 5 a., $65.25, Samuel, 1795, 6 a., $70.50; Ginnings, Amos 1795, 7 a., $88.75, James, 1795, 5 a., $75.25; Goodell, David 1795, 4 a., $53.25; Goodenough, Ebenezer 1797,9 a., $ii6.7S; Green, Rufus 1797, la., $49.75; Haskell, Moses 1795, 2 a., $56.50; Hatha- way, Asa 1800, 10 a., $37.50, Elnathan, 1796, 5 a., $75.25, Silas, 1797, 5 a., b. $150, $43.25, Thomas, 1797, 2 a., $55 ; Hicks, Gideon, 1800, 3 a., $38.75, John, 1801, $26.50; Howland, Polly, widow of Abraham, 1795, 3 a., $11.75 ; Janes, Solo- mon 1796, 6 a,, $48.50; Kendall, Isaac 1798 or i8oo,"5 a., $86.75 ; Kent, Remem- ber, 1798, 8 a., $60; Kinney, Stephen 1801, $26.50; Lamb, Aaron 1789, b. $125, $55.50, Jacob, 1801, $33.40; Lebaron, Francis 1795, 2 a., $30; Lilley, Joshua 1797, 10 a., $145.50; Merritt, Job 1800, $53, Nehemiah, 1800, b. $150, $29.50, Oliver, 1801, $20; Marsh, Jason 1800, $38.50; Mitchel, Caleb B. 1798, 10 a., $40; Nichols, Ezra 1801, $20; Ormsbee, Nathaniel 1800, $20; Palmer, Gershom, 1797, 6 a., $103, Oliver, 1796, 10 a., $97; Pearce, Asahel 1795, 6 a., $81.50, Backus, 1795, 4 a., $75.50, Noah, 1795, $51.50, Stephen, 1801, $20; Perry, Lemuel 1800, $57.50 ; Pope, Winslow 1797, $26.50 ; Rich, Samuel loa., $17.50 ; Robinson, Joel 1794, 176 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. 5 a., $61.75 ; Shortt, Shubael, 1795, 10 a., $95.50; Slayton, Jesse 1796, 5 a., $68.25, Simeon, 1795, 4 a., b. $100, $60 ; Steward, Ethel 1797, $26.50; Thayer, David 1798, $36.50, David, Jr., 1798, $20; Tisdale, Seth 1801, 4 a., $7; Tobey, Zoath 1799, $53; Tucker, Amasa 1797, 6 a., $73.50, David, 1800, $20, Edward, 1795, 25 a., b. $340, $153.25, Jonathan, 1797, 10 a., b. $150, $102 ; Wheelock, Abijah 1795, 10 a., $98.50, Asa, 1795, 9 a., $65.25 ; Gideon, 1797, 6 a., b. $400, $78, Goddard, 1795, 9 a., $103.75, Jennison, 1795, 8 a., $93.50, Peter, Esq., 1795, $76.50, Salem, 1797, $38: White, Elijah 1797, 3 a., $61.75, Samuel, 1797, 3 a., $64.75 ; Wilber, Hol- den, 1795, 18 a., $104; Willis, Edmund 1797, $6.50; Wright, Levi 1797, 8 a., $60.50, Preserved, 1800, 7 a., $53-75; Young, Duncan 1796, 4 a., $53.50. Names on previous lists not on list of 1801 : Lyman Daggett, Salmon Davis, John Crane, Stephen Fay, David Fuller, Bemis Hamilton, James Sprague, Leonard Wheelock. New names appear in the list from year to year, 1802, Amasa, Parley, Wareham, and Welcome Ainsworth, Hannah Butter- field, Joseph Ginnings, Thomas Haskell, Nathan Janes, Uriah Johnson, George and James Kelton, Calvin Pearce, Joseph Perry, William Thayer, Isaac Wells, Medad Wright. 1803, Ezra Bliss, James Dawson, William Drown, John Eddy, Artemas Fos- ter, Joseph W. Oilman, John Martin, John Ware. 1804, Benjamin Andrews, Chester Clark, Isaac Davis, Eliphalet Huntington, Enoch Kelton, Nathaniel Ladd, James Short. 1805, Luther Ainsworth, Amasa and John Bancroft, Squire Bullock, Ethan Powers, Prince Sears, Oliver Shipley, Buck- lin Slayton, Amos Wheelock, Reubin Wilber, Philip Vincent. 1806, Jacob Ains- worth, Benjamin Bancroft, Amos Barnes. George Brown, John Goodale, Phineas Goodenough, Ebenezer Goodenough, Jr., George Ide, Ephraim Ladd, Richard Pitts, Jonathan Pray, Cyrenus Shortt. 1807, Vial Allen, Thomas Anderson, Charles Bliss, Stephen Bates, Henry Fish, David Fuller, Jr., Martin Gilbert, Jessa Holmes, Pardon Janes, Elijah Nye, Stephen 01m- stead, Samuel Pratt, Phineas Slayton, Uriah Simons, Reubin D. Waters, Nathan Wheeler, Jared Wheelock, Suel White, Daniel and John Young. 1808, Thomas Andrews, Galen and Charles Bliss, Moses Blanchard, William Crosby, Thomas Fos- ter, Abraham Hawkins, William Lougee, John McKenzie, Samuel, Isaac and Wil- liam Robinson, John Waugh, Almond Wilber. 1809, Nathaniel Bancroft, John R. Densmore, Jonathan Green, Jonas Hall, Isaac Hawkins, Barnabas and Ebenezer Kelton, John Martin, Jr.. Daniel Nealey, Peleg Redway, Oliver Shipley, Jr., Lem- uel Tobey, Isaac Vincent, Welcome Whee- lock. The lists for 1810 and '11 are not pre- served. 18 1 2, Smith Ainsworth, George and Ira Brown, Isaac Corey, Jabez Carver, John Cate, John Chapman, Salvin D. Col- lins, Israel Dwinell, Gload Dugar, Na- thaniel Davis, Jonathan Eaton, Luther Farnum, Luke Fletcher, Benjamin Gray, Simeon Guernsey, Seth Gary, Salathiel Hammond, George Holbrook. Ona Kelton, William LeBarron, William LeBarron, Jr., Andrew Nealey, Beniah Shortt, Henry Stone, David G. Shipley. GRAND LIST RECORD FOR l8l2. From 1 80 1 there was a steady increase in valuation : 80 polls at $20, $1600 ; 1679 acres of improved land at $1.75, 2938; houses assessed in the whole at $182 ; 112 oxen at $10, $1120; 405 cows and other cattle of 3-years old at $6.50, 2632.50; 178 cattle of 2-years old at $5, $890; loi horses of 3-ycars old, and upwards, at $13.50, $1363.50; 10 of 2-years old at $6.50, $65 ; 16 of i-year old at $3.50, $56 ; 7 house clocks at $10, $70 ; 3 gold watches at $10, $30; 12 common do. at $5, $60; 2750 dollars of money on hand and debts due, at 6 per cent., $165; i practitioner assessed at $25 ; mechanics and owners of mills and machines assessed in the whole at $143; total, $11340. Deduct for 5 minors subject to military duty and equip- ped by parents at $20, $100; deduct 54 militia polls at $20, $1080 ; deduct 5 horses of cavalry at $13.50, $67.50; leaving list for State taxes, $10092.50 At that time the law required that all FAYSTON. m dwellings, stores and shops (log-houses excepted) should be assessed at two per cent, of their value, if in the judgment of the listers their value did not exceed $1000. And if valued at more than $1000, at three per cent. The law also specified how per- sonal property should be set in the list, as above. Wooden clocks were not taxed. Attorneys, physicians, merchants, mechan- ics, etc., were assessed in proportion to their gains. 1820: 86 polls at $20, $1720; 1990 acres of improved land at .08 of appraised value, 1^1366.42; 103 houses and lots at .04 ap- praised value, $247.06; 9 mills, stores, etc., at .06 appraised value, $48.60; 140 oxen at $10, $1400; 429 cows and three- year olds at $6, $2574 ; 169 cattle, two- year olds at $5, $845 ; 132 horses, three years old and upwards, at $14, $1848; 26 two-years old at $7, $182 ; 22 one-year old at $4, $88 ; i stallion at $50, $50 ; 5 brass clocks at $10, $50; I gold watch at $10, $10; 20 common do. at $5, $100; $1100 money at .06, $66; total, $11295.08 ; 34 militia polls and 9 cavalry horses were ex- empt from State taxes. 1830: 252 polls at $10, $2520; 3690 acres of land at .06, $1558.60; 541 houses and lots at .04, $1401.40 ; 14 mills, stores, etc., at .06, $62.40; 281 oxenat $2, $562 ; 712 cows and other cattle of three years old, at $1.25, $890; 254 cattle of two years old at .75 each, $190.50; 25 horses and mules, three years old, appraised at less than $25, at $1, $25; 180 over $25 and less than $75, at $3, $540 ; 6 at $75, at .06, $36 ; 43 two years, at $2, $86 ; 33 one year, at $1.25, $41.25 ; 2797 sheep at .10 each, $279.70; 7 carriages at .06 of ap- praised value, $6.30 ; 8 brass clocks at $3, $24; 20 watches at$i, $20; $3350 money on hand, etc., at .06, $201 ; $90 bank stock at .03, $2.70; 2 practitioners of medicine assessed, $35 ; i merchant and trader, do., $30 ; total, $85 1 1 .85 ; 148 militia polls and 6 cavalry horses, exempt. In 1840, the list amounted to $10373.54. Later lists were assessed nearly as at pres- ent, and are as follows : Polls. Real. Personal. Gd. List. 18.W 266 $281,774 $32,023 $3,675 18(K) 312 304,473 46,.M7 4,134 1870 341) 374,673 71,936 4,848 1878 326 296,652 67,807 4,269 FAYSTON. BY MRS. LAURA BRIGHAM BOYCE. This township is in the S. W. corner of the County, 20 miles from Montpelier; b. N. by Duxbury, E. by Waitsfield, S. by Warren and Lincoln, W. by Huntington and BuelPs Gore ; 6 miles square ; land el- evated, lying in large swells, except along Mill brook and Shephard's brook, where there is some intervale. Shephard's brook runs through the North part of the town, and empties into Mad river in Waitsfield. It affords ample water power, and several flourishing mills are in operation on its banks. There was an extensive beaver meadow on this stream, and many of the trees on its banks were partly cut down by these animals. The brook received its name from one Shephard, who used to hunt beavers here. Mill brook runs through the South part of the town, in an Easterly direction, and empties into Mad river in Waitsfield ; this stream has good water-power, and several mills and one tannery are located on it. There is considerable good lumber in town, especially in the more mountainous parts, the most valuable of which is spruce. As many as 7,000 or 8,000 clapboard logs are annually cut in Fayston, besides the com- mon lumber, ash, basswood, etc. There is also a good deal of hemlock, the bark of which is used extensively in tanneries. The spruce and hemlock lumber is a source of profit to the inhabitants. The maple is abundant, and there are many valuable sugar orchards ; some have a thousand handsome second growth trees in one body. This adds an item to the income of the farmer, at the prices that have prevailed for maple sugar and syrup of late years. The soil is strong and fertile, though not as, easily tilled as a more sandy loam. These fertile upland farms are well adapted to dairying, as the sweetest grass is found here, and water as pure and soft as ever drank, two indispensable requisites for the dairy. Dairying is the chief source of in- come of a greater part of the inhabitants, though wheat and oats are raised here in 23 178 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. abundance, but potatoes more especially. Corn is often a remunerative crop ; but not so sure as on the intervales. Fayston was granted Feb. 25, and char- tered Feb. 27, 1782, to Ebenezer Wal- bridge and his as.sociates. It was first set- tled by Lynde Wait in 1798. In 1800, there were 18 persons in town. Lucia Wait, daughter of Lynde Wait, better known as Squire Wait, was born in 1801, the first child born in town; subse- quently, Wait Farr, a son of William Farr, was born, and received a lot of land from Griswold Wait, as being the first male child born in town. From which we see in those primitive days the weaker were oppressed by the stronger, as they are still. There was no orthodox reason why Lucia Wait should not have had that lot of land as her birthright — except that she wasiCt a boy. The town was organized Aug. 6, 1805. James Wait was the first town clerk ; Thomas Green the first constable ; and Lynde Wait, Rufus Barrett and William Williams the first selectmen. Aug. 27, 1805, there was a town meeting called to petition the General Assembly to be set off with other towns from Chittenden County, which was not granted until some time in 1810 or 181 1, when Fayston became a part of Jefferson County. The first highways were surveyed in 1807, by Edmund Rice, surveyor. The first school district was organized in 1809, and consisted of the whole town, but subse- quently, in 1 8 10, we believe, it was di- vided into two districts. The first tax levied on the grand list was in 1807, which was 5 cents on a dollar, to be worked out on the highway. The first tax levied on the grand list to be paid in money was in 1810. It was I cent on a dollar, and we have no doubt was as hard for these people as were the excessive taxes during«thewar for their descendants. The taxes levied on the grand list in Fayston during the war in one year were $10.79 O" 'i dollar of the grand list, making a poll tax of $21.58, and school and highway taxes besides, which must have made another dollar. This was in 1864. There were several other bounty taxes raised during the war, but this was the heaviest. Fayston paid h^r war debt as she went along, and can show a clean record. In 1812, the town voted to raise I cent on a dollar for the support of schools, which was to be paid to the town treasurer in grain. At this time there were 25 children in district No. i, between the ages of 4 and 18. In March, 1809, William Newcomb, William Rogers and Marjena Gardener were elected " hog ho wards," anoflicenow obsolete, and exactly what its duties were, even then, we are unable to learn. But it was an old-time custom to elect newly- married men to that notable ofiice, which might have been no sinecure after all, as the swine in those days all ran where they listed, and unless they were much less vicious than their modern descendants, it must have needed three " hog constables" to a town to have kept them in order. In April, 1808, William and Paul Boyce, two Quakers, emigrated from Richmond, N. H., and settled near beaver meadow, on Shephard's brook. This was the first open- ing in what is now called North Fayston. There is a little romance connected with this same William Boyce. It seems that William's susceptible heart had been touch- ed by one Irene Ballou, a Quaker maiden of his native place, and when he had made a beginning on his new home in the woods he began to be lonely, and feel the need of a helpmate to wash his wooden plates and pewter porringer, and also to assist him in picking up brush, planting potatoes, and several other things wherein the good wives made themselves useful in "the olden time," being then truly helpmates for men, instead of help spends, as many of the more modern wives are. So William jour- neyed to Richmond to claim his bride. He tarried long, and when he returned it was not the gentle Irene who accompanied him . Whether he met with a fairer Quaker- ess than she, and lost his heart with her against his will, or whether Irene was averse to going into the new country, among the bears and wolves, tradition saith not, but that it was not the latter reason we may infer from her farewell to FAYSTON. 179 him : " William, I wish thee well, I hope the Lord will bless thee, but I know He wont." Says one of his descendants : "I think He didn't, for he was always in some sort of trouble or other." Let the fate of William be a warning to all young Quakers, as well as those who quake not at all, to always keep their promises. BOYCE FAMILY OF FAYSTON. Paul Boyce married Rhoda Palmer, of Waitsfield, and here on the farm they first rescued from the wilderness,' they lived to a ripe old age, and were finally buried in tlie cemetery not far away. Their son, Ziba Wentworth Boyce, always resided in town until his death, 1877, "igc, 63. He received but a common, school education, but by his own efforts, ultimately became a thorough scholar, and taught school many terms. Later he served the town in various capacities, and up to the time of his death was noted for his fine mental endowments. He was often jo- cosely called the "wisdom of North Fays- ton," and not altogether without reason. He was a writer of considerable ability, both in prose and verse. His two daugh- ters inherited his talent for writing, more especially his younger daughter, Mrs. Em- ongene Smith, now a resident of Dubuque, Iowa. The eldest daughter, Mrs. S. Mi- nerva Boyce, has always remained at the homestead. When Ziba W. was quite a young lad, his father sent him one night with his brother after the sheep, but they having strayed from their usual pasture, they failed to find them. In the morning they found what there was left of them, eleven having been devoured by the wolves during the night. On one occasion Paul Boyce was going off into the woods with his oxen, when he met a bear with two cubs face to face. The meeting was not a remarkably pleasant one to him ; he being a Quaker and averse to fighting, was pleased when the bear turned and trotted off. About the year 1809, Stephen Griggs emigrated from Pomfret, Conn., and set- tled about one-half mile from Esquire Wait's farm. He resided there as long as he lived, and his companion, who survived him many years, died there. The place has never passed out of the family, a grand- daughter at present residing there. This farm and the Brigham farm are the only ones in South Fayston which have never passed out of the families of the first set- tlers. Deer-yards were frequently found on the eastern slopes of the hills. The early set- tlers used to hunt them in winter when the snow was deep, so that they could not es- cape. Buck's horns were often found in the woods. Sable were quite abundant. Ezra Meach, of Shelburne, passed through the town in 1809, setting his line of traps for sable, and blazed trees along his route. He found it quite profitable business, as these animals were exceedingly good in the western part of the town. The panther, the great dread of the juvenile community, was often seen, or supposed to be seen, but never captured in this town. uncle John's Indian raid. Some time about 1803, there were then five or six families settled in what is now known as South Fayston. There were Uncle John and Uncle Rufus Barrett — I call them Uncle John and Uncle Rufus, as these were the names by which I knew them in my early childhood, albeit they were both young men at the date of my story. There were Squire Wait and Thos. Green, and if there were others I do not know their names. Now at that time the raising of a new house or barn was a job that required plenty of muscle and new rum, for they were built of logs, and very heavy. On a certain day, somebody in Warren was to raise a barn, and as the country was sparsely settled, everybody was in- vited far and near, and all the men of Fays- ton went except Uncle John. Whether he stayed at home to guard the women and children from the bears and wolves, tra- dition saith not. I only know he "tarried by the stuff," and all went well till near sundown, when suddenly there burst upon his ears a long, wild cry, between a howl VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. and a whoop. Uncle John was on the alert ; he listened with bated breath a few moments ; louder and nearer than before came that terrible howl, this time in a dif- ferent direction. "'Tis the Indian war whoop," said Uncle John ; " no doubt we are surround- ed, and the men all away." He stood not upon the order of going, but went at once. Uncle John was no coward, and if the red- skins got his scalp, they should buy it dearly, he resolved, and seizing his gun, bidding his wife to follow, he ran to alarm the neighbors, and get them all together, that he might defend them as long as pos- sible. In a short time every woman and child in the settlement was ensconced in Uncle Rufus' domicile, with all the fire- arms the settlement contained, the door barricaded, and all the preparations made to receive the red-skins that one man could do, aided by a few courageous women. They listened, with hearing made acute by fear, for the repetition of the war whoop. Now they heard it evidently nearing them — Uncle John loaded all the guns — now they heard it further away. With pale faces and palpitating hearts, they awaited the onset. The twilight shades deepened, the night closed in, but still the Indians did not attack them. Now there was an additional anxiety among the inmates of the little cabin, for it was time for the men to be returning from the raising, and as they were un- armed, they would fall an easy prey to the Indians. Meanwhile the men, havingfinished their labors, were returning home, all uncon- scious of the danger menacing them. They reached home, but were surprised to find those homes deserted. "Come on to my house," said Uncle Rufus, "perhaps the women were lonesome, and have gone to make my wife a visit." So, not knowing what else to tlo, they went on. Yes, there was a light at Uncle Rufus ', sure enough, and a glance sufficed to show that there was some unusual commotion within. What could it be? " Hark, I hear voices," cried one of the women, " it is the Indians this time, sure." The children began to cry, and I suppose it would have been very delicate if the women had fainted, but they did no such thing. "What are you all about here? why don't you let us in?" cried Uncle Rufus, shaking the door. The door was opened speedily, and instead of being scalped by the Indians, they fell into the arms of their astonished husbands. " What is all this pow-wow about, any- way?" said one. Then Uncle John ex- plained how he had heard the Indian war- whoop off in the woods, and had gathered the women and children there together for protection. The men burst into a loud laugh. "It was the wolves," said Squire Wait, "we heard them howling on the mountain as we came home. I'll be bound there isn't a red-skin within 50 miles." Uncle John was somewhat crestfallen, but he was rather glad after all that it wasn't Indians, for he preferred to have his scalp in its proper place, rather than dangling from the red-skins' belts. Sometime in 1814, there was a rumor current of great treasure buried by the Spanish Legions at the forks of Shepherd's brook, and William Boyce, having a desire for " the root of all evil," resolved to find it. He engaged one Arad Sherman, a man of such magical powers that in his hands a witch-hazel rod performed as many antics as the rod of Aaron, and they went about the search. Arad took the enchanted rod, and lo ! it pointed out the exact location of the buried treasure, but it remained for them to dig and get it. It had been revealed to Arad that they must dig in the night time, and no word must be spoken by any one of the number dur- ing the whole time of the digging, else the treasure would be lost to them. So one night they started on their secret expedi- tion. Nothing was heard but the dull thud of the bars in the earth, and grating of the spade. The earth was obstinate, but they were determined no powers of earth should cheat them of their treasure. The hours wore on, when suddenly William's bar struck against the iron chest containing the treasure, with a sharp " clink." Over- FAYSTON. i«i joyed at their success, William forgot the caution and cried out " I've found it !" At that instant the box shook with an ominous rattle, and sank down, down, far below the sight of their longing eyes, taking the«bar and all with it, says the tradition. Fright- ened nearly out of their wits, they "ske- daddled" for home, sadder if not better men, and the treasure remains buried there to this day. In the winter of 1826, a beautiful doe was run down Shepherd's brook to Mad river, near Jason Carpenter's and brought up in an open eddy out of the reach of the dogs. Judge Carpenter caught it in his arms, and, seven or eight hunters coming up just then, he told them that they could not have the doe, but each one of them might go and select a sheep from his flock, if they would go home .about their busi- ness. Nothing but the beautiful doe would satisfy these blood-thirsty hunters, and, seizing the deer by main force, they killed it on the spot. Pigeons were abundant. One device for keeping them off the grain patches was a boy threshing a log chain around a stump. They used also to construct bough houses on the edge of the field, and draw a huge net over the baiting place, thus se- curing dozens at a haul. Partridges were caught on their drumming logs in snares, or, if not there, the gunner was sure to find them in some thicket. So it came to be a proverb, " hunted like a partridge." In early days Uncle Moses Eaton used to bring corn from Richmond on the backs of two horses, the roads not being passable for any vehicle. On his journey Uncle Moses met Uncle Joe Clark, of Duxbury, at Pride's tavern in Waterbury. " Now," said Uncle Joe, " you will want some pork to go with that corn, and you just call at my house, and tell Aunt Betsey to put you up a good clear piece of pork." The next time they met Uncle Moses said, "I called on Aunt Bet- sey, as you told me, and she raised her hands and blessed herself, saying, " What on airth does that man mean, sending any one here for pork, when he knows that we hanit had any kind of meat in the house for six months ?" But Uncle Joe enjoyed the joke hugely. In Fayston there was considerable snow on the 8th and 9th of June, 18 16, and everything was frozen down to the ground. The trees put out new leaves three times during that season, having been cut off twice by frost; hardly anything ripened, and the settlers saw dreary times. WILLIAM NEWCOMB came to the township quite early in its set- tlement, and finished his days here. He built one of the first framed houses in town, Esquire Wait's being the first ; Mr. Newcomb and Merrill Tyler each built theirs the same year, but I am unable to learn in what year. Mr. Newcomb's farm was occupied by his son Hoseamany years, but has passed into the hands of strangers. The old house was burned during a high wind, in Oct. 1878. Dr. Dan Newcomb, son of Hosea New- comb, was born and reared here, but has been for several years a practicing physi- cian in Steele County, 111. He is also the author of a medical work entitled, " When and How," a work of considerable merit. Don Carlos, another son, is a prominent wholesale merchant of Atchison, Kansas. NATHAN AND JACOB BOYCE. In 1808, Nathan Boyce and his wife, Zeviah, came to Fayston, and settled on Shephard's brook, near Paul Bdyce, of whom he was a relative, and also of the Quaker faith. Nathan Boyce died many years ago ; his wife in 1856, aged about 90, I think. She resided with her son Jacob, who died in 186-. His wife still survives him, at the age of 81 (1878. She is still living, Aug. 1881.) She lives on the old farm with her son, Seth Boyce. The farm has always remained in the family. Jacob Boyce had 4 sons and 4 daughters, all of whom, save one, are settled in Fays- ton or the immediately adjacent towns. BRIGHAM FAMILY. In 1809, Gershom Brigham and family emigrated from Winchester, N. H., and settled in South Fayston, near Lynde Wait's. Elisha, their third child, was then 17 years old, and eventually settled on the VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. same land, his other brothers and sisters finding other homes. His parents resided with him while they lived, and their bones rest in the little green grave-yard on the old Wait farm. Elisha lived here to ripe old age, raising a family of 1 1 children, all of whom are now living except one daugh- ter, who died at the age of 42. The two eldest sons and the two youngest daughters of this family have some literary talent, having all contributed to the press accept- ably, in prose and verse. The eldest son, [See separate notice of Dr. G. N. Brigham] . Elisha Brigham died in 1863, aged 70 years; his widow in 1876, aged ']']. The old home that she had resided in for more than 40 years, took fire in some mysterious manner, and was burned in the early morn- ing hours, when her demise was hourly expected. She was borne from the flam- ing house to the home of a neighbor, and breathed her last in the very house whence she went on her wedding day to be mar- ried 59 years before. Mrs. Brigham was a woman of remark- able powers, mental and physical. Left an orphan by the death of her mother at the age of 12, she came from Randolph, Vt., her native place, to reside in the family of Esquire Wait, so she became early identi- fied with the history of the town. Her re- markably vigorous constitution and ambi- tion to excel, fitted her for the position of a pioneer's wife, and she endured the hard- ships and deprivations consequent on the building up of a new place, with great fortitude. With a large family of her own and many cares, yet she acted as nurse for half the town, and such was her skill in the management of the sick, that the old phy- sician, now dead, used always, if he had a critical case, to send for Mrs. Brigham, and said, with her to nurse them, he felt pretty sure of bringing his patients through. Her very presence and touch seemed to bring healing with them. When Mrs. Brigham was a fair, young wife of 19, she was small, lithe and supple, with nerves of steel, and she never shrank from any of the hardships of her life. They then made sugar nearly a mile from j-he house. It was growing late in the spring, and Mr. Brigham was' anxious to be about his spring's work, and his wife, being equally anxious for a good supply of sugar, offered to go with her sister, a girl of 17, and boil in the sap. Taking the baby with them, they started for the sugar- camp. It was late in .spring and quite warm, and babies were not killed by a breath of fresh air in those days. They boiled sap all day, Mrs. B. gathering in some sap near the boiling place. In the afternoon they heard a good deal of bark- ing off in the woods, but supposed it was some hounds after foxes. Mr. Brigham did not get up to the sugar-camp to bring down the syrup till nine o'clock, they stay- ing there alone until that time. A neigh- bor passing through the camp early the next morning, found a sheep dead at the foot of a tree where Mrs. Brigham had gathered sap at sundown. The sheep was still warm when Mr. Brigham arrived on the spot. On looking around, they found 20 sheep had been killed by the wolves. Mrs. Brigham and her fair sister did not care to boil till nine o'clock the next night. On one occasion Mrs. Brigham, desiring to get some weaving done, mounted an un- broken, 3-years-oldcolt, that had never had a woman on his back before, and started on a ride of 4 miles through the woods, to Wm. Farr's, with a bag of yarn fastened to the saddle-bow. There was only a bridle- path part of the way, and the colt was shy, but he found his match in the little woman of scarce 100 pounds' weight, and carried her safely to her destination. Her busi- ness dispatched at Mr. Farr's, she started homeward by another route, having oc- casion to call at one William Marsten's,who lived far up on the road leading over the mountain into Huntington, and from thence homeward by a route so indistinctly mark- ed, blazed trees being the guide, she mis- took a path worn by the cattle for the traveled road, and did not discover her mistake till she came up to the pasture fence. Nothing daunted, she took down the fence, passed over, then replaced it, and went over, being then so near home that she felt pretty sure of her whereabouts. After the colt became better broken, she FAYSTON. i«3 used often to take one child in her arms and another behind her, and go to the store, 3 or 4 miles distant, or visit a distant neighbor, or to go to meeting. JOTHAM CARPENTER was the first settled minister, and received the minister lot of land in this town. How many years he remained here I know not, but he has one son now living in Brook- field. Preaching has generally been of a desul- tory character, owing to the fact that North and South Fayston are divided by a nat- ural barrier of hills, that makes it far more convenient for the North section to go to Moretown, and the South part is more ac- cessible to Waitsfield, so that it seems probable that the different sections will never unite in worship. The people in N. Fayston have an organized Baptist society, and have quite frequent preaching,- and some years hire a minister, and many years ago, the Methodists had quite a large society in So. Fayston, but it has been dismembered a long time, and most of its former members are dead, and those re- maining have united with the Methodist church in Waitsfield. John and Rufus Barrett were among the early settlers, and one Thomas Green, but as they have no descendants remaining in town, I cannot tell when they .settled here, but they were here as early as 1803, it is believed. Elizabeth, widow of John Barrett, died in Waitsfield a few years since (1878) aged 93 years. She survived her husband many years. One Jonathan Lamson died in town sev- eral years ago, at the age of 84. His wife lived to the age of 107 years. Timothy Chase died at the age of 91 ; his wife, Ruth, some years earlier, over 80. Lynde Wait, the first settler, moved from town many years ago, and eventually went West, and I have learned, died at an advanced age, over 80. Nearly all the early settlers whom I have known, lived to ripe old age, but they have passed away, and with them much of the material for a full history of the town. I have gathered as much as I could that is reliable, but even the last two, from whom I have elicited most of the facts recorded here, have now gone to their long homes,' and much that I have gathered here would now be forever sealed in silence, had I began my work a little later. CAPT. ELLIOT PORTER, the first captain of the militia in the town, was born in Hartford, Vt., 1785, married Sidney Ward in 181 1, and soon after re- moved to Fayston, where they began to clear them a home in the North part of the town, where they resided till their death. He died at the age of 89 ; his wife at 86. They had 8 children. William E. Porter, their son, died at 57 ; 4 sons are now living. WILLARD B. PORTER, son of Elliot, has always resided in town, near where he was born, and has served the town in almost every official capacity. He has been town clerk 31 years, school district clerk 25 years, treasurer 14 years, justice of the peace 30 years, and in that capacity married 86 couple. He has rep- resented the town 6 sessions, including i extra session, and has attended 2 consti- tutional conventions. Mr. Porter says the first school he attended was in his father's log-house chamber ; the scholars, his eldest brother, himself and one Jane Laws ; the teacher's name, Elizabeth Sherman. Mr. Willard Porter has done more business for the town than any other person now living. WARREN C. PORTER served as a soldier during nearly the whole war of the Rebellion, and has taught school 24 terms. Dr. Wilfred W. Porter, see separate notice. Walter, the youngest son, remains on the old homestead, and it was his care to soothe the declining years of his parents as they went slowly down the dark valley. There was no death occurred in the family of Elliot Porter for 50 years. Vi^ILLIAM SHERMAN was among the early settlers of Fayston, though I am not informed in what year he VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. settled here. He represented the town in the general assembly, and held other town offices. His daughter, widow of Eli Bruce, still lives on the old honaestead that he re- deemed from the wilderness. ELI BRUCE was a long-time resident of Fayston, and did a large amount of business for the town, several times being the represent- ative, and justice of peace for many years. He died at the age of 69. His daughter was the first person buried in the cemetery in N. Fayston. SILAS W. FISHER resides in N. Fayston, on the farm where he has lived for 50 years. His wife has been dead some years. He has two sur- viving sons ; one in the West, and the other, CM. Fisher, is constable of Fays- ton at the present time— 1878, He died in 1879. BENJAMIN B. FISHER was the first postmaster in town, and held the office till his death, and his wife held the office 4 years afterwards. Truman Murray is the present incumbent. RILEY MANSFIELD came to the town when he was quite a young man, and passed his days here, dying in 1876, aged 75 ; his wife in 1874; out of a large family, there is only one sur- viving child of theirs. JOSEPH MARBLE came to Fayston in September, 1809, and with his wife Susan passed the remnant of his days here, dying at the age of 84 ; his wife at 81. They had 11 children, two only are living (1878.) One daughter in Wisconsin, and Benjamin on the farm where his father began 70 years ago. He is I think now over 80 years of age — is still living, aged 86. Cynthia, daughter of Joseph Marble, and widow of Peter Quim- by, died Aug., 1878, aged 74. One fall, Joseph Marble, Jr., had a log- rolling, to build a new house, the old one giving signs of failing up. In the evening the rosy cheeked lasses from far and near joined with the athletic youths in a dance. It wasn't the "German," nor waltz, nor polka, but a genuine jig. It was a merry company who beat time to the music of a corn-stalk fiddle in farmer Marble's kitch- en, the jocund laugh and jest followed the " O be joyful," as it went its unfailing round, which it always did on such occa- sions. They grew exceedingly merry, and one fellow, feehng chock full and running over with hilarity, declared "When they felt like that they ought to kick it ojit.''^ So they put in " the double shuffle, toe and heel," with such zest that the decayed sleepers gave way. Down went floor, dancers, corn-stalk fiddle, and all, into the cellar. Whether the hilarious fellow " kicked it out" to his satisfaction, we are not informed, but if his fiddle was injured in its journey it could be easily replaced. In 1830, a little daughter of William Marston, 4 years old, strayed from home, and wandered on and on in the obscure bridle path. She came out at one Carpen- ter's, in Huntington, having crossed the mountain, and spent a day and a night in the woods ; and beasts of prey, at that time were numerous upon the mountains. Jonathan Nelson had a son and daugh- ter lost in the woods about 1842. The boy was 12 years of age, the girl younger. After a toilsome search, they were found on the second day, unharmed, near Cam- el's Hump. In 1847, the alarm was given that a little son of Ira Wheeler, 4 years old, had not returned from school. The neighbors turned out, and searching all day returned at night without any trace of the lost one. The mothej was almost distracted. The search was continued the second day with no better results. I remember hearing my brother say, as he took a quantity of provisions with him on the third day, that they were "resolved not to return home again until the boy was found either dead or alive," though many thought that he must have perished already, either from hunger and fatigue, or from the bears in- festing the woods. He was soon found in the town of Duxbury, several miles from home, having been nearly 3 days and nights in the woods. He had carried his dinner-pail when he started from school FAYSTON. 185 at night, and providentially some of the scholars had given him some dinner that day, so that his own remained untouched. This being the second time the men had been called out to hunt for lost children in 5 years, some of them were getting rather tired of the thing, whereupon Ziba Boyce drew up a set of resolutions and read them on the occasion, after the child was found, and all were feeling as jolly as such weary mortals could. I have not a copy of them all, but it was resolved " that mothers be instructed to take care of their children, and not let them wander oiT into woods to be food for the bears, or for the neighbors to hunt up." There have been no more lost children to search for in Fayston since that, so we may suppose it to have been effective. Fayston, along with other towns, has suflered from freshets at various times. In the year 1830, occurred what was known as the "great freshet." Buildings were swept away, one person was drowned, and others barely escaped. The famous "Green Mountain slide," which began within a few feet of the summit, where the town is divided from Buel's Gore, in sight of the homestead where I was born, occurred in the summer of 1827. It had rained quite hard some days, and the soil, becoming loosened, gave way, carrying with it trees, rocks, and the debris of ages, on its downward course. Gath- ering impetus as it advanced, for the moun- tain is very steep here, it went thundering down the mountain side a distance of a mile or more, with a crash and rumble that shook the earth for miles around, like an earthquake. One branch of Mill brook comes down from here, and, being dam- med up by the debris of this grand ava- lanche, its waters accumulated till it be- came a miniature lake, then overleaping its barriers it rushed down to its work of destruction below. In July, 1858, a destructive freshet visited Fayston, and the towns adjacent. It had been exceed- ingly dry, and water was very low. At 7 o'clock in the afternoon, on Satur- day, July, 3, the workmen in the mill of Campbell & Grandy were desiring rain, that they might run the mill. They got what they desired, only got too much ; for instead of running the mill they ran for their lives, and let the mill run itself, as it did very rapidly down stream, in less than 2 hours after the rain commenced. The old saying "it never rains but it pours" was verified ; it came in sheets. I remem- ber watching the brooks surging through our door-yard ; we felt no alarm, thinking a thunder shower not likely to do much damage. We retired to rest, and slept undisturbed, not being in the vicinity of the large streams. We learned in the morning every bridge between Fayston and Middlesex, but one, was swept away. Campbell & Grandy's mill went off before 10 o'clock, and the house pertaining to the mill was so much undermined by the water, the inmates left, taking what valuables they could with them. Mr. Green's fam- ily also deserted their house. The water was several feet deep in the road, but, the storm soon subsiding, the houses did not go off. A clapboard mill owned by Brigham brother, on Shepherd's brook, was ruined. Not a mill in town escaped a good deal of injury. Many people left their houses, expecting them to be carried down the seething flood, and but one bridge of any account was left in town, and the roads were completely demoralized ! This storm seemed a local one, not doing much damage except in the towns in the Mad river basin and on tributary streams. I have heard it speculated that two rain clouds met on the mountain ridges. Be that as it may, I think two hours' rain seldom did such damage in any locality. In the freshet of 1869, Fayston suffered less than many other towns, but several bridges were carried off, the roads cut up badly, mill dams swept away, etc. The mill rebuilt on the site of the one swept away in 1858, this time owned by Richardson & Rich, was again carried off, but as considerable of the machinery was afterward found, Mr. Richardson deter- mined to rebuild, putting it a few rods lower down the stream. He has built a 24 i86 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. fine, large mill there, and feels secure this mill shall stand. Fayston is a veiy healthy town. There are several living in town over 80 years of age. [This was written in 1867.] ELISHA BRIGHAM was born in old Marlboro, Mass., 1792. In the common school he obtained all the education he ever had beyond the poor chance of gleaning a little, here and there, from a limited supply of books, amid a multitude of cares at home ; but at the age of 12, he had mastered most of Pike's Arithmetic ; performing more examples by the feeble light of an old-fashioned chimney fire-place, than at school. So engaged was he that he often went to bed on a difficult problem, to dream it out on his pillow. From Old Marlboro, the fam- mily removed to Winchester, N. H., and there hearing of the emigration to the Winooski, and Mad River Valleys, they cast lots with the pioneers to this then wilderness country, and removed on to the tract of land owned in the present homestead. Elisha, now 16, began to take the lead in business, his father being very infirm. About half a dozen families were settled in the south part of the town, having made little openings in the forest, with no well worked road into the town. He and two other members of the family, came the first year to roll up the log-house. The next year all came on, and a family of 8 persons, several children younger than himself, seemed to be dependent on him, even so young, as a foster-father and a guardian. He commenced levelling the old forest trees, and bringing into tillage, meadow and pasturage. Early and late he toiled, and year by year the meadow widened, and the line of woods receded. In the earliest business transactions of the town, we find the name of Elisha Brig- ham. There was hardly a year from that time till his death, but what he held some town office. But what most distin- guished him was his exact honesty. No man could ever say that he defrauded him of the least in this world's goods. He would rather suffer wrong than to do wrong. He never could oppress the weak, as, instinctively, his whole nature prompted him to espouse their cause. And his reli- gious example was the crowning glory of the man. He was the real pioneer of Methodism in the town ; for many years leader in all their social meetings, and around him grew up a thriving class. In this earlier history of the community it might well have been christened the home of the good. Class-leader and chorister, he guided them encouragingly on, and yet his manner was never exciting, hardly, even, could it be said to be fervid or warm ; but solid goodness, tenderness, and genu- ine interest in all that pertained to the soul's welfare, were manifest. The waver- ing came to him, for he never faltered ; the weak, because he was a pillar of strength. He was a man of no doubts in his religious belief, and a man living not by emotion, but principle, and his home was one of hospitality ; particularly was the preacher his guest. In 18 16, collector, often juror and select- man, many years lister, nearly always high- way-surveyor, district clerk or committee man. In all his more active life, however, he was nearly alone in his politics, he being a thorough whig, while the town was intensely democratic. For which rea- son probably he was never sent to the Legislature of the State, as this seems to be the only office of importance which he at some time has not held. At the age of 24, he married Sophronia Ryder. They had 12 children, but one of whom died in infancy ; the rest were all living in 1863. One daughter died in July, 1866; the rest are all living, 1881. And in the fullness of affection and ten- derness all will say he was a good father. Daily he gatliered them around his fam- ily altar, while they lived with him, and sought for them the reconciliation of God. He walked before them soberly, patiently, peaceably. His soul seemed like an unruffled river, gliding ever tran- quil and even in its banks almost alike in sunshine and in storm. He had no enemies; but was Grandfather, and "Un- cle Elisha," to all the neighborhood. Even W. W. PORTER. FAYSTON. 187 the old and young far out of his own im- mediate neighborhood, called him by the sobriquet of Uncle Elisha, and seemed to mourn for him as for a good old uncle. His family physician remarked of him after his decease, that he was " the one man of whom he could say, he did not know that he had an enemy in the world. He was a peacemaker." ONLY A LITTLE WHILE. BY MKS. LAURA BKIGHAM BOYCE. Ouly a little while Lingers the springtime with Its sun and dew And song of birds, and gently falling rain. And springing flowers, on hillside and on plain. Clothing the earth in garments fresh and new. Only a little while The summer tarries with its sultry heat; Showering its smiles upon the fruitful land, Ripening the harvest for the reaper's hand, Ere autumn shall the fruitful work complete. Only a little while The autumn paints with gorgeousness the leaves. Ere wintry winds shall pluck them from the bough To drape the earth's dark, corrugated brow, — Then hasten, loiterer, gatlier in thy sheaves. Only a little while The winter winds shall moan and wildly rave. While the fierce storm-king walks abroad in might, Clothing the earth in garments pure and white. Ere the grim monarch, too. shall find a grave. Ouly a little while, lille's spring-time lingers, and our youthful feet Through flowery paths of innocence are led. And joyous visions fill our careless head ; Too bright, alas ! as beautiful as fleet. Only a little while Life's summer waits with storm and genial suu. With days of toil and nights of calm repose; We find without its thorn we pluck no rose. And spring-time visions vanish one by one. Only a little while Ere autumn comes and life is on the wane ! Happy for us if well our work be done. For if we loitered in the summer's sun. How shall we labor in the autumn rain ? Only a little while, And winter comes apace ; the hoary head. And palsied limbs, tell of the labors past, Aud victories won— all I soon shall be the last,— And they shall whisper softly " lie is dead." W. W. PORTER was born in Fayston, July 24, 1826. He was the 4th son of Elliot Porter and Sidney Ward, the former a native of Hartford, the latter a native of Poultney, Vt., and a daughter of Judge William Ward, judge in Rutland Co. 22 years. Wilfred spent his time until he was 17 on the farm, and attending school winters ; at which time he commenced studying falls and springs, and teaching winters, attend- ing the academies at Montpelier and Ba- kersfield, and working on the farm during the summer months until he was 22 years of age. As early as fifteen he had set his mind upon the medical profession for life, and bent all his energies in that direction. Having studied medicine some time pre- viously, he, at 22, entered the office of Dr. G. N. Brigham, and began the study of medicine, which he continued suinmers, teaching school falls and winters for i.^ year, when he entered the medical college at Woodstock, where he remained one term, and afterwards at Castleton, Vt.,for two terms, graduating from that college in the fall of '51, when he came to Syracuse, and entered the office of Dr. Hiram Hoyt for a short time; May, 1852, entered the school at Geddes as principal teacher for one year, and May 16, 1853, opened an office in that place to practice his profession, which he has continued until the present. At the close of his first year, the res- ident doctor of Geddes died, leaving him in full possession of the field. Dr. Porter rose rapidly, and by integrity of purpose and dealing, grew into a very large and lu- crative practice, which he carried on for 15 years, as it were, alone, after which he had partners in the practice of medicine. His practice gradually extended to the city of Syracuse, when, in 1875, the de- mand upon him for medical treatment from that city became so great that he opened an office there, which he alternately at- tends upon, with his home office in Geddes. He has been for 25 years a member of the Onondaga County Medical Society, and for one term its president, and a permanent meinber of the New York State Medical Society ; also a member of the American Medical Association, and upon organiza- tion of the College of Medicine of Syracuse University, in 1872, he was appointed clin- ical professor of obstetrics and gynaecology the first year, and at the end of the year, professor in full, which position he still re- tains. His skill in the treatment of diseases has VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. won for him a position in the esteem of the people to be envied by young practitioners, and his indomitable perseverance and en- durance of body have enabled him to grat- ify, in a great measure, the laudable am- bition of his earlier years — to be among the first in his profession. He was one of the first movers in the organization and establishment of a university at Syracuse, and since its beginning has been a trustee and closely identified with all its interests, and has been largely identified with the pub- lic schools of his town since his first resi- dence there, being supt. of the schools of the town for gome 2 years, and trustee of the village school for some 25 years ; also being president of the board of educa- tion. He and his wife are warmly attached to the Methodist Episcopal church, and are not only liberal supporters of the same, but of any enterprise they regard as look- ing to the building up of good society. In the year 1853, Nov. 13, he married Miss Jane, daughter of Simeon Draper and Clarissa Stone, of Geddes ; children, Clara A., George D. (deceased), Wilfred W. Jr., Jane and Louie. LONGEVITY RECORD IN 1 88 1. Ruth Chase died in 1865, aged 84 ; Tim- othy Chase in 1875, 93 ; Benj. Corliss, in 1865, nearly 91 ; Henry Morgan, 1868, 84. The wife of Henry Morgan (in Northfield) , over 80 years. Her home was in Fayston. James Baird died in 1870, aged 81 ; Geo. Somerville, 1870, 80; Margarett Strong, 1870, 98 ; Elizabeth Lamson, in 1872. Her friends diiTered as to her age ; some claim- ed she was 104 ; others that she was but 102. Her husband, Jonathan Lamson, died some 20 years since, aged between 80 and 90; Jane McAughindied in 1872, aged 82; Capt. Elliot Porter, 1874, nearly 90; Sidney Porter, his wife, 1875, 86; Joseph and Susan Marble, over 80 ; Zeviah Boyce, 1856, aged about 90; Mehitable Tyler, 1855, between 80 and 90. Ehzabeth Bar- rett died in Waitsfield in 1873, aged 93. She was for many years a resident of Fays- ton, but moved to W. a short time before her death. TOWN OFFICERS 187I-1881. Town Clerks, WillardB. Porter, 1 871 to '80; D. 8. Stoddard, 1880; S. J. Dana, 1 88 1. Representatives, 1871, none; S. J. Dana, 1872 ; M. S. Strong, 1874; D. S. Stoddard, 1876; Seth Boyce, 1878; Na- than Boyce, 1880. Treasjcrers, D. S. Stoddard, 1871, '72; A. D. Bragg, 1875, '79; Seth Boyce, 1880, '81. First Select- men, C. D. Billings, 1871 ; Dan Boyce, 1872 ; C. S. Dana, 1874 ; Seth Boyce, 1875 ; J. Patterson, 1876; M. S. Strong, 1879; John Maxwell, 1878, '79; J. P. Boyce, 1880, '81. Constables, Cornelius McMul- len, 1871, 72; H. G. Campbell, 1873, '74 = C. M. Fisher, 1875, '76, '79; S. J. Dana, 1877,78; Allen S. Howe, 1880; M. S. Strong, 1881. Grand Jury, G. O. Boyce, i87i,'72, '73, '75 ; W. B.Porter, 1874, '76; C. S. Dana, 1877, '78; Seth Boyce, 1879, '80; R. Maxwell andWm. Chipman, 188 1. School Supt., Grey H. Porter, 1871, '72. '73; Rev. J. F. Buzzel, 1874 to 1881. Trustees of the Town, Seth Boyce, 1873, '79; Geo. Boyce, 1877, '78, '80, '81. Jus- tices of the Peace, Willard B. Porter, 1872, '74, 76, '78; G. O. Boyce, 1872, '74; D. S. Stoddard, 1872, '76, '78, '80; Z. W. Boyce, 1872, '74; H. H. Morgan, 1872; C. D. Billings, 1874; E. Ainsworth, 1874; S. J. Dana, 1876, ^8, '80; O. S. Bruce, J. Z. Marble, 1878 ; Nathan Boyce, Stephen Johnson, Dan Boyce, 1880. GERSHOM NELSON BRIGHAM, M. D., for 20 years a practicing physician at Mont- pelier, was born in Fayston, Mar. 3, 1820, was son of Elisha Brigham, who made his pitch in F. with the first settlers. His mother, Sophronia Ryder, whose mother was Lucy Chase, a relative of the Hon. Dudley Chase [See Randolph History, vol. II], was a woman of vigorous consti- tution and an active, original mind. Sev- eral ancestors in the Brigham line have been physicians, one of whom wasGershom Brigham, of Marlboro, Mass., the old an- cestral town of the Brighams of this coun- try, the stock tracing back to the parish of Brigham in Northumberland Co., Eng- land. Dr. G. N. Brigham received his education in our common schools, with a ,-JO0^^ FAYSTON. 189 year in Wash. Co. Gram. Sch. and a half year at Poultney Academy, and studied medicine with Dr. David C. Joslyn, of Waitsfield, Dr. S. W. Thayer, now of Bur- lington, Prof. Benj. R. Palmer, now of Woodstock, graduating at Woodstock Medical College in 1845, attending three courses of lectures. He has practiced 3 years at Warren, then 3 years at Waits- field; removed to Montpelier, 1849; at- tended lectures at the college of Physicians and Surgeons, N. Y., spending much time in the hospitals of the city, about which time he became a convert to homoeopathy, and was the second person in middle Ver- mont to espouse the cause at this time so unpopular, and one of si.x who founded the State Homoeopathic Society. He has ed- ucated quite a number of students in his office, among whom, his own son. Dr. Homer C. Brigham, of Montpelier, and Prof. Wilfred W. Porter, of the Medical Department in the Syracuse University. While at Montpelier he served a while as postmaster ; was town superintendent of common schools ; lectured on education, temperance and sundry scientific subjects, and has been a contributor to medical journals, and known to the secular press in essays and poetical contributions for over 25 years. He delivered the class poem be- fore the Norwich University in 1870; pub- lished in that year a 12 mo. vol., pp. 180, " The Harvest Moon and other Poems" at the Riverside Press, which with additions came out in a second edition. The Doctor has since issued a "Work on Catarrhal Di-seases," 126 pp., and re- ports a work on "Pulmonary Consump- tion," nearly ready for press ; that he has written this year, 1881, a play in tragedy, " Benedict Arnold," that he expects to publish. He is regular contributor to three medical journals, and has written for as many as thirty of the leading newspapers, East and West. He married, ist, Laura Elvira Tyler, dau. of Merrill Tyler, Esq., of Fayston; children, Homer C, Willard Irving, Julia Lena, Ida Lenore. His first wife died Mar. 12, 1873. He married, 2d, Miss Agnes Ruth Walker, dau. of Ephraim Walker, Esq., of Springfield. They have one child. Dr. Brigham has resided since 1878, at Grand Rapids, Mich. His son. Dr. Homer C, is in practice at Montpel- ier. In his poetical writings — not a few — the Doctor has always inclined to the pat- riotic. Aug. i6th, loothanniversary of Benning- ton battle. At the meeting of the Ver- monter's Society in Michigan, at Grand Rapids, Hon. W. A. Howard delivered the oration, and Dr. G. N. Brigham, the poem. We give an extract. In our crowd- ed pages we have scarce room for poetic extracts, even, and this appears to be the musical town of the County. Such a flock of native poets, all expecting by right of manor, to sing in the history of their birth town, with the one who has written the most in this prolific field, we must begin to be brief. Haply, he has published too widely to be in need of our illustration : FROM "THE BATTLE OF BENNINGTON." When Freedom's cause in doubtful scale Hung trembling o'er Columbia's land, And men with sinking hearts turned pale That ' gainst the foe there stood no brand, Vermont, thy banner rose. Green waved thy lofty mountain pine. Which thou didst make thy battle sign. Then from the mountain fastness thou Didst sally with a knitted brow. And tyrants felt thy blows. The bugle blew no frightful blast Where th ' sulphrous smoke its mantle cast. For oft thy sons in forest field The heavy broadsword learned to wield In their old border frays. Bred to reclaim the native soil With sinewed limb and patient toil, The forest path to stoutly fend. Where foes did lurk, or wild beasts wend. No danger did amaze. Free as the mountain air they breathe. The vassal's place they dare disown; The blade from scabbard to unsheath And see the slaughters harvest sown, Ere wrong shall rule the day. So when the midnight cry, "To arms! " Did reach them at their northern farms, They snatched the musket and the powder-horn. And shook their brand with patriots' scorn, And gathered to the fray. Vermont, thy soul's young life was there. There from thy rocks up leapt the fire That made thy hills the altar-stair To holy freedom's star-crowned spire, AVhile all the world did doubt. In native hearts and native blades The freeman's hope forever lives; The soul that first in sorrow wades. The most to human nature gives In sorest times of drought. igo VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. The hosts of Albion sleep secure. The mountain path to them is sure. And In their dreams they wait the day To feast and drive the mob away. And lora^e on the town. That dream to England sealed her doom ; They roused to hear the cannon boom. And see the mountaineers they scorned In serried line of battle formed. And on them coming down. And who here making pilgrim.ve. When told how, with their muskets clubbed. Our sires from breastworks drove the foe. How here were English veterans drubbed By plowmen gloved in steel. Shall say, the race keeps not to-day The Spartan fire — Shall say, if with this trenchant warp There run;^ not through a thread of gold; Or if the Attic salt still flows Through pulsing veins of later mold. And pledges colored wine. From hence the field of Bennington With Concord and with Lexington, Upv'n the patriot's scroll sluUl blaze. And virtue's hearts procUum her praise. Till chivalry's f»a^ shall end — Shall tell how Mars did glut his rage. How screamed the eagle round her nest. When death or freedom was the gage, WhUe war unloosed htr battle vest. And carn.\ge rode a fieud. And where the nations strive and hope. And in the breaking darkness grope. Here may expiring faith still burn. And see the patriot's emblem turn Alwve this crimson sea. From another poem on the same sub- ject : How grand thy towering cliffs, where twines The hemlock's green to wreath thy crown: How bright thy peaks when day declines. As there thy glory settles down. '\\"heu stirred the border feud, how rang The note of war; An<) where the wolf ran down her prey By grange girt in with woodl.-uul dun. The ranger hurrietl to the fray. There flashed the border-guardsman's gun. And when a mightier cause called for Thy sons to draw the sword The bngle gave the hills its blast. And men in buckskin breeches came. Their waists slung with the powder-horn. Their hearts with freedom's spark aflame. And battled UU the STATE was born. thy border cry Rang to the Northern cliffs for help. When Allen mustered for old Ti., Aud drove from there the lion's whelp. From there to Hoosick's bloody flume M."«rched forth our sires with hearts afl.e the greeting: We'll think in kindness of the men ■Wliose hearts to ours gave beating: Nor shall their armor rust Taken by us iu trust. Bathevi in the noon of peace, green, green Forever, be those hills: dreen where the hoar-tYost builds her screen. And winter's goblet fills. The frost and cedar green: Queen Virgin of the Ancient Jforth. Throned spirit of the crags. Who called the sturdy Aliens forth To weave thy battle-fl.igs. We take the sprig of pine. Proud of our lineal line. Vermont: Vermont: Our childhood's home. Still home where'er we roam. MISS SUSAN GRIGGS. BY -VN-XA B. BRAGG. Many elticient teachers of our district schools have been reared and educated in this town, though the greater part have followed teaching but a few terms before commencing " Ufe work," but Miss Griggs has made teaching the business of her life, and in years of service, number of pupils, and different branches thoroughly learned and imparted to others, has no equal here, and perhaps but few in our whole country. She was born in this town, Feb. 1S14. From her earliest schoolda}-s, her book was her favorite companion, often upon her wheel-bench, that sentence after sen- tence of some coveted lesson might be committed to memory, while her hands spun thread after thread of wool or flax, working willingly for herself and her brothers and sisters, as was the custom in those days. When 12 years of age, her father, an earnest Christian man, died, leaving his wife and little ones to struggle along the path of life alone in God's care. But as in his life he had often said, " Susan is our student." so in all her young da\-s after she seemed to hear his voice encouraging her to give her time, talents and life to the work of Christian education. She began teaching in the Sabbath-school at 13, and at 16 in a district-school, where for manv vears her time was spent, and in attending school, as she completed the course of FAYSTON. 191 study at Newbury Seminary. In 1850, she was one of the teachers sent out to the South and West by Gov. Slade. She taught one year at Wihnington, N. C, and then went toWolcottville, Ind., under the direction of Gov. Slade, a small village in a new town, first teaching in the family of George Wolcott, with the addition of a few neighbors' children ; then in a small school-house. The school so increased, Mr. Wolcott, the founder of the village, built a convenient seminary at his own ex- pense, furnished with musical instruments, library, apparatus, etc. Here she taught for 17 years, principal of the school, hav- ing sometimes one or two assistant teach- ers, and often a hundred pupils. Beside the common and higher English branches, there were often classes in German, Latin, French and painting, and always in music, vocal and instrumental, and always a lit- erary society, and always a Sabbath-school, in which she taught a class, and was some- times superintendent. She says "these years were full of toil, but bright with hope that minds were there awakened to the beauties of the inviting realms of purity and truth." After a short rest with a brother in Mis- souri and another in Wisconsin, she re- sumed teaching in Fort Wayne College, Ind. ; afterward in Iowa about 2 years, and is now in Kendallville, Ind., one of a corps of 12 teachers; 60 pupils under her charge. " Many will rise up and call her blessed." Mrs. Celia (Baxter) Brigham, ofEvart, Michigan, contributes the following for the Baxter family : EBER H. BAXTER AND FAMILY came to Fayston in April, 1831, and lived there 20 years. They had 14 children ; one died in infancy. They removed to Michigan with 10 children — two remained in Fayston — in 185 1 . Albert Baxter, eldest son, had then lived in Mich, about 6 years. He has been for the last 20 years connected with the Grand Rapids Eagle ; is now ed- itor of Grand Rapids Daily Eagle. Albert, Celia — Mrs. C. B. Brigham ; Rosina — Mrs. R. B. Cadwell, now in California; Edwin, lawyer in Grand Haven, Mich.; Uri J., lawyer in Washington, D. C. ; Sabrina — Mrs. S. B. Cooper, Evart, Mich. ; and Vi- enna I. — Mrs. V. I. B. Corman, Lowell, Mich., of the Baxter family, are more or less known as occasional authors in prose and poetry. T\^lve children, the father now in his 80th year (1879) still survive. Ira C, sixth son, left his body on the field of Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. E. 1 1. Baxter was town clerk and justice of peace in Fayston for several years. MR.S. CELIA \\. BRIGHAM has written many years for press, and for many newspapers and journals short poems. She has sent us for her representation in the dear old birthtown, a rather pretty col- lection, for which we can make room only for the following : TO MY SLEEPING BABE. Gently, little cherub, gently Droop those weary eyelids now; Slumber's hand is pressing lightly. Softly on thy cloudless brow. Meekly, little sleeper, meekly Folded on tly guileless breast Dimpled hands of pearly whiteness — Lovely is thy " rosy rest." CalnUy, little dre.inier. calmly Beats that tiny heart of thine— As tlie pulses of tlie leallet, Rocked to rest at eventime. Soaiy, little darling, softly Dies away thy mother's song; And the angels come to guard thee. Through the night hours, lone and long. Sweetly, blessed infant, sweetly Fall their wldspers on thine ear; Smiles are on thy lips of coral — Snowy pinions hover near. TO AN UNSEEN MINSTREL. The lark may sing to the chickadee. From his lofty azure throne,^ Nor feel the thrill in the maple tree. Where his listener sits alone; Even thus, thy spirit sings to me — Hearest thou the answering tone? From their sunward flight, can thy tireless wings Ever fold where the forest warbler sings? Thou caliest the voices of long ago From level-trodden graves, As the wind may call an echoing note From out the dark sea caves— As the burning stars of heaven may call To the restless, heaving waves— That, ever-changing beneath their gaze. Can answer only lu broken rays! THE NEGLECTED BIBLE. Precious, but neglected Bible! Let me ope thy lids once more. And, with reverential feelings. Turn the sacred pages o'er. 19:2 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Source of joy au«l cousolalioa, Vaiuly Jo«?s thy tbuut supply Me with life's pure crystal waters— Lo! I lauguish, faiut aiid <.iie: Not b«caus« ts sealed the ft>uutaiu That could sootlie the^eenest woo ; Not because the stream uufaiUiig Hath oue uiouieut ceased to flow ; But because luy thirsty spirit, Seekiug bitter draught. pasi>ed by. Heedlessly, the liviujj waters — Lo ! I languish, tUiut and die : Descriptive of how many a Vemionter felt in 1851. is a little "sonnet" below, by Elisha Aldis Brigham, sent me by Mrs. Brigham. that her husband may. as well as herself, have a little niche in the history of their native town : SONNET. O, tell uje uot of Liberty's bright land : Where waa by brother tuau is bought and sold: To toil iu sweat aud tears, for others gold. Obedient to a tyrant's steru command; Where children part upon the auction staud To meet no more. :uid weeping parents torn Asunder — slave-bound captives long to mourn. Are scattered tar and wide, a broken baud. Where Justice on proud Freedom's altar sleeps. Where mercy's voice is never heard to sigh ; Where pity's hand ne'er wipes the tearful eye Of AlVie's exiles, who iu misery weep— The millions three who wear oppression's brand; Oh: call it not sweet Freedom's happy land! Faystou, Feb. 1851. A whole budget fix»m natives in the West : We will not give any one's long piece entire ; but not having the heart to leave any son or daughter who knocks at the old Green Mountain door, out entirely, even if they are unfortunately a "poet," we shall give some one short extract, or sonnet for all who have sent home their pieces for Fayston, and let the dry old, only statistici,uis, growl as they may. Here comes the Fayston men and women of the pen for a page or two : First, a long poem, almost a news-column, fine print, "written in my chamber at Washington, on the an- niversary eve of the assassination of Presi- dent Lincoln." We will have six or seven verses from THE ANNIVERSARY OF THE ASSASSINATION. BY U. J. BAXTEK. Why sound the bells So mournfully upon the air of night? Why volley fortli the guns upon the night. With sudden peal that tells Of darkling horror aud of dire aUright ? The morn shall ope With a dread tale that tells of dark eclipse— Of a dark deed that throws its black eclipse On all a nation's hope. And smites the joy that fllled a nation's lips ? Stricken and low : Aye, let us weep — weep tor the guilt and crime — The ingrate sense — the cowatii guilt aud crime! Dissolve iu tears and woe The darkling horror of this monstrous time ! His name breathe not. His thrice-accursed name, whose brutal hand— Whose foul, polluted heart aud brutal baud A demon's pii'pose wrought. And whelmed in grief our glad, r^oiciug land. A nation's heart bowed with him in the dust We turn our hop* in vain To seek a chieftain worthy of his trust. No m.irvel here : Two kingliest come uot haply born and twhined — Each age its one great soul, nor matched, nor twinned, Owuing no mortal peer — So is his glory Iu our age uukinned. His mantle fell-- On whom is not yet shown— yet sure its folds Are buried not— its rich and loving folds Shall lay some blessed spell On him who most his uoble spirit holds. Great chieftain: rest: Our hearts shall go as pilgrims to thy tomb; Our spirits mourn and bless thy martyr tomb; We deem thy lot is blest; Our love shall tob our sorrow of its gloom. All coming time Shall ne'er despoil thy glory of its crown- Each year shall set its jewels in thy crown- Each day bell's passing chime Shall add a tongue to speak thy just renown. LITTLE BEN. BY SABAH BKIUHAM MA:SSFIELD. In a lonely spot in a dismal street Little Ben sat chaUng his bare, cold feet, Aud so hungry, too, for nothing to eat. All the long day had poor Ben. His mother, alas, had loiw; been dead — So long, he could just remember, her and The sweet pale face as she knelt by his bed And prayed God to bless Little Ben. The twilight deepened, how dark it grew. And how heavily fell the chill night dew. And the moaning wiuds pierced through aud through The torm of poor little Ben. " Oh : why am I left here alone." he cried, " Dear mamma told me before she died She was goiug to Heaven ; Oh, mamma,'' he sighed, '• Why don't you come for poor Ben ? " '* Can you b« happy, tho' in Heaven a saint. While I am so cold, so weary, so faint? Dear mother, dost hear your poor darling's plaint':* Oh, come tor your own little Ben: " The morning came with its rosy light. And kissed the wan cheeks aud lids so white. They were closed for aye: iu the loue ui^bt Au augel bad come for poor Ben. FAYSTON. 193 THE FIRST FLOWER OF SPRIN(i. J$Y ZIBA w. BOYCE, (dfcflased.) The first April violet beside the bare tree, Looking gayly up seerned to be sayliiK Ui nie, '• I come with yon robin, sweet spring to recall. There caroling above me the gla '65. Nathan Thayer, age 23 ; enlisted in Co. H. 6th Vt., Aug. 13, '62; discharged June 3, '63. Nelson J. Boyce, age 32 ; enlisted in Co. G. 6th Vt., Aug. 16, '62; transferred to the Invalid Corps July i, '63. Lester H. Harris, age 25; enlisted Aug. 18, '62, in Co. F. 2d Vt. ; died May 18, '63. The following 17 soldiers all members of Co. B. 13th Vt., (9 months), enlisted Aug. 25, '62; mustered in Oct. 10, '62, at Brattleboro ; mustered out at the same place July 21, '63; the battle of Gettys- burg being the only one in which they participated : George O. Boyce, 2d serg't., age 28; FAYSTON. 195 with others of his company taken prisoner by rebel guerrillas while going from Camp Carusi to Fairfax station with supply teams, May 14, ^6^. They were paroled the next day, and returned to the regiment. Dorric S. Stoddard, 3d corporal, age 28 ; William E. Backus, age 22, detailed scout ; John Baird, age 20, died of fever soon after returning home ; Matthew Blair, age 27, afterwards re-enlisted in 56 Mass., killed in the Wilderness ; Charles D. Bil- lings, age ig, died at Camp Carusi May 19, '6^ ; Chauncey Carpenter, age 39, re- enlisted Dec. 31, '63, in Co. C. 17th Vt., discharged May 13, '65 ; Samuel J. Dana, age 29, wounded at Gettysburg ; Royal S. Haskins, age 21 ; Charles C. Ingalls, age 18, re-enlisted Sept. i, '64, in Co. G. 6th Vt., mustered out June 19, '65; Stephen Johnson, age 21, re-enlisted Aug. 26, '64, in Co. G. 6th Vt., mustered out June 19, '65; ZibaH. McAllister, age 21, re-enlist- ed in Cavalry Co. C. Nov. 30, '63, trans- ferred to Co. A. June 19, ''65, mustered out June 26, "65 ; Levi Nelson, age 20 ; William Nelson, age 26, Daniel Posnett, age 47, Winfield S. Rich, age 24, Reuben Richardson, age 45, transferred to Co. H., re-enlisted Nov. 30, 'S}, in Co. H. 6th Regt., discharged May 12, '65. William G. Wilkins, age 18, enlisted in Co. F. 2d Vt., June 16, '63, discharged Jan. 21, '64. Robert Hoffman, age 21, enlisted in the 3d Battery, Oct. 19, '64, discharged June 15/65. John W. Palmer, enlisted in Cavalry, Co. C. Nov. 28, '63, age 23, transferred to Co. A. June 21, '65, mustered out Aug. 9, '65. Judson W. Richardson, age 29, enlisted in Co. H. 6th Vt., promoted corporal June 19, '65, and mustered outjune 26, '65. Charles O. Dyke, age 18, enlisted Nov. 30, '63, in Co. H. 6th Vt. ; mustered out June 26, '65. Myron Mansfield, age 18, enlisted Dec. 2, '63, in Co. H. 2d U. S. Sharp-shooters ; transferred to Co. H.4th Vt., Feb. 25, '65 ; supposed to have died at Andersonville. Benj. B. Johnson, age 20, enlisted Dec. 3, '6^, in Co. G. 6th Vt. ; transferred to Vet. Res. Corps, Dec. 4, '64; mustered out July 15, '65. Wm. H. Johnson, age 18, enlisted Dec. 3, '63, in Co. G. 6th Vt. ; pro. corp. Sept. 23, '64 ; serg't. June 20, '65 ; mustered June 26, '65. Charles B. Corliss, age 18, enlisted Dec. 3, '63, in Co. G. 6th Vt. ; discharged June 28, '65. Anson O. Brigham, age 21, enlisted Dec. 5, '63, in Co. H. 6th Vt. ; trans, to invalid corps, and discharged June 28,^65. Calvin B. Marble, age 18, enhsted Dec. 9, '63, in Co. G. 6th Vt. ; mustered out June 26, '65. Edwin E. Chaffee, age 18, enlisted Dec. 9, '63 in Co. H. 6th Vt. ; pro. corp. June 19, '63 ; must, out June 26, '65. Asa E. Corliss, age 20, enlisted Sept. 7, '64, in Co. G. 6th Vt. ; must, out July 19, '65. John W. Ingalls, age 28, enlisted Sept. 16, '64, but did not enter service. This town also furnished 14 non-resident soldiers, of whom I can give but a meagre report, as follows : Geo. Arnold, Francis E. Buck, Thomas Bradley, ist army corps ; Sidney Dolby, 54 Ma.ss. (colored) ; Wm. W. Green, Philip Gross, ist A. C. ; Wm. J. Hopkins, cav. ; John J. Hern, ist A. C. ; Randall Hibbard, ist A. C. ; Frederic Kleinke, ist A. C. ; Nelson Parry, Co. B. 7th Vt., Nicholas Schmidt, ist A. C. ; John S. Templeton ; JamesWilliamstown,ist A. C. The following persons were furnished under draft, five of whom paid commuta- tion : Hiram E. Boyce, Eli Bruce, Jr., Nehemiah Colby, Charles M. Fisher, Julius T. Palmer, and one, Nathan Boyce, procured a substitute. This town probably furnished from her own residents as many, if not more, sol- diers for other towns than were credited to her from non-residents, the record of some of which is given as follows : Andrew J. Butler, Co. H. 6th Vt. ; Hi- land G. Campbell, 3d Vt. Battery ; Alba B. Durkee, Co. I. 9th Vt. ; Timothy Don- ivan, Co. H. 6th Vt. In Co. G. 6th Vt. : Edward Dillon, G. W. Fisher, James N. Ingalls, Robert Max- 196 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. well and Samuel Maxwell. In 3d Vt. : Wm. W. McAllister. In Co. G. 6th Vt. : James H. Somerville, Ichabod Thomas. Dexter Marble lost a leg In the service, in a Wisconsin regiment. Thus I have given as best I can from memory, and from data at command, an imperfect record of Fayston and Fayston men during the rebellion. Undoubtedly the foregoing record is not perfect, yet I think it is substantially correct. Probably no town in the state suffered more financially than this. During the latter part of the war when large bounties were demanded by volunteers, and paid by wealthy towns, Fayston, to save herself from draft was obliged in one year (1864) to raise for bounties and town expenses the almost unheard of sum of $12.50 cents upon every dollar of her grand list, thus subjecting the owner of a simple poll list to the payment of a tax of $25. Yet this enormous sum was paid immediately, with scarce a murmur of complaint, and not a dollar left to be a drag-weight upon tax- payers in after years. Fayston can look back upon her finan- cial record as a town, and the military rec- ord of her soldiers with no feelings but those of honor, satisfaction and pride ; knowing that the privations and valor of her sons in the field, and the liberality of her citizens at home all contributed their mite to keep the grand old flag still float- ing over a free and undivided nation. GRAND ARMY REPUBLIC'S RESPONSE TO SUMNER'S BILL FOR ERASING OUR BATTLE RECORDS. BY D. S. STODDARD. Blot out our battle records, boys, Charles Sumuer's bill doth say; Forget that you were soldiers once, And turn your thoughts away. Yes, turn your thoughts away, my boys, So noble, brave and true; Forget you lugged a knapsack once, And wore the army blue. Flaunt not that starry flag, my boys, With Lee's Mills, on its fold, 'Twill make some rebel's heart ache, boys, To see it there so bold. And blot out Savage Station, too. And likewise Malvern Hill; That was a noisy place, you know, But blot it out, you will. Fort Henry, too, and Donelson, Where Grant "Surrender" spake, In such decided tones it made The rebel Pillow shake. And Shiloh, too, and Vicksburg, wliere One Fourth of July day. Brave Pemberton his well-tried sword At the feet of Grant did lay. And Cedar Creek, and Winchester, And Sheridan's famous ride : — Forget it, boys, forget it all. It hurts the rebels' pride. And Fredericksburg, and Antietam, Where cannon rang and roared ; And Gettysburg, where three long days Grape shot and shell were poured. Where thousands freely gave their lives. And drenched with blood the sand. To stay the flow of Treason's tide In Freedom's happy laud. And Richmond, too, and Petersburg, And the Wilderness, forget; And comrades dear who fought so well. Whose sun of life there set. Forget, my boys, you ever marched With Shei'man to the seal Deny you ever fought against The rebels under Lee! And Appomattox Court House, too. Where Lee dissolved his camp; And gave liis long and well-tried sword To General U. S. Grant. Those names, we've loved them long, my boys. And oft a glow of pride Has thrilled through every vein, to think We fought there side by side. And oftentimes, my comrades dear, Tliere comes a sadder thought — The price, the price! by which our land These cherished records bought. And now shall we erase tliose names. And make our battle-flags, Wlilch e'er have been the soldier's pride, Nothing but worthless rags ? No more shall read those glorious names While swinging in the breeze? No more our hearts shall swell witli pride To think of bygone deeds? And nmst we suffer all this shame To please that rebel horde. Who brought the war upon themselves By drawing first the sword? Tlieu we must ask their pardon, too, For what we've done and said ; Tramp down the graves of comrades dear. And honor rebel dead. And I suppose the next kind thing That Sumner'U want is this, Tliat we get down upon our knees, And rebel coat-tails kiss ! Now, comrades, when all this appears. 'Twill be when we are dead I When every man who fought the rebs Sleeps In his narrow bed ! MARSHFIELD. 197 For while there's one of us alive, Though kicked, or cuffed, or spurned I Our battle-flags shall bear those names That we so richly earned! And when we swing them in the breeze, Those names shall glisten there, As long as they enfold a stripe Or bear a single star. Rebels may sigh for what they lost, And mourn for what we won ; — Their moans and sighs can ne'er atone For half the mischief done. And comrades, when we older grow. And gray hairs fill our head. And some of us lie sleeping there Amid the quiet dead; Our children then will catch the theme Those battle-flags inspire. And oftentimes their hearts be filled With patriotic fire I And should it be in future years That Treason rears its head. And threatens to destroy the land For which we fought and bled ; Our sons will hoist those war-worn flags. And wave them tow'rd the sky. While rebels learn again, my boys, That Treason then must die. Those records fair shall never be Expunged from human sight! Before we'll suffer that, my boys. We'll go again, and flght. Faystou, Vt., Jan. 8, 1873. Mrs. L. B. Boyce continues and thus closes the record of Fayston : SAMUEL DANA has been a resident of Fayston for many years, and raised a large family here. Six of his sons and one son-in-law were in the army in the great rebellion. Several of them were seriously wounded while in ser- vice, yet all are now living and the father and mother also. I have been able to gather but little con- cerning our military record previous to our late war. In 1841, one Jesse Mix was a revolution- ary pensioner, and William Wait, and a Mrs. Hutchinson. John Cloud, who lost a leg in the revolutionary war, was for many years a resident of this town, but died elsewhere. Of the war of 1 8 1 2 there are no records that I can find, and the old inhabitants are either dead or moved away. MARSHFIELD. IIY MRS. II. C. PITKIN. Marshfield was granted to the Stock- bridge tribe of Indians, Oct. 16, 1782, and chartered to them June 22, 1790, by the General Assembly of Vermont, containing 23,040 acres ; lat. 44° 19', long. 4° 30' on the upper waters of the Winooski ; bounded N. by Cabot, E. by Peacham and Harris' Gore, S. by East Montpelier, Plain- field and Goshen Gore, W. by Calais and East Montpelier. In the charter it is stipulated the town- ship shall be divided into 75 equal shares, etc., with the usual charter conditions. The charter is signed by Gov. Moses Robinson and Joseph Tracy, Sec. The township was purchased of the Indians by Capt. Isaac Marsh of Stock- bridge, Mass., in honor of whom it is named, for ^140 lawful money, and the deed was signed by 18 Indians, thus : Joseph Shawguthguat, Hendrick Aupanmat, Jehosuhim Alokaim, Peter Pohijhionurpjsut, -(-Joseph Luonahant, -)-John Pophmin, -(- Solomon Ouargaria- hont, -(-Uhndrw Warmaeruph, -)-Vendru Waumurmn, -|- Hudrink Ihchumhwmli, -)- Moses Laupumnsapeat, ~\- Thomas Wind, -\- John Thonhpol, -|- David Neson- ukausdahawauk, -\- Cornelius Janmauch, -)- David Nesonuhkeah Grum, -|- Abraham Maummumthickhur, -\- Isaac Unamprey. This deed was given July 29, 1789, and witnessed by David Pixley and John Sar- geant, missionary. These Indians, it is supposed, when they secured the grant of this land, in- tended to remove here, and make it their hunting-ground, but finding white settle- ments were beginning to cluster around it, they disposed of it as best they could, and sought the unbroken forests of New York and called the new home there, in honor of the old one in Massachusetts. Capt. Marsh had married, for his second wife, a young widow by the name of Pit- kin, of East Hartford, Conn., and four of her sons, and two of his own daughters were among the' pioneers of his new township. Caleb Pitkin one of these sons, came from East Hartford as a surveyor, with a com- VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. pany under Gen. Whitelaw, in the spring of 1790. They spent the summer survey- ing in this wilderness, returning to Con- necticut in the autumn. They spent the next season here also. Caleb was cook for the company, and it was asserted he " could cook as well as a woman." In the springs of 1792, '93, he, together with his brother, Martin Pitkin, and Gideon Spen- cer, came here, and labored clearing land, preparatory for a settlement, returning to East Hartford in the autumn, each year. The winter following Caleb, having mar- ried Hannah, daughter of Capt. Marsh, and Gideon Spencer, having previously married Polly, another of his daughters, together with Aaron Elmer, also a married man, removed to this town. They came as far as Montpelier with teams ; and from there, the snow more than 4 feet deep in Feb., they came with handsleds. Caleb Pitkin settled on the farm where his son, Jas. Pitkin, now dead, resided. Gideon Spencer, where his grandson Stephen Spencer lives, and Aaron Elmer where John Harris Eaton resides. All their pro- visions and furniture they brought from Connecticut over roads which would now be deemed impassable. In the summer they were joined by Ebenezer Dodge and family. John Preston Davis, son of Ebenezer Dodge, was born Sept. 7th, of this year, and was the first child born in town. James, son of Caleb Pitkin, was born in Jan., 1795, and was the second child born, and the first girl born in town, was Betsey, daughter of Gideon Spencer, now wife of Dea. Dan Storrs. During this first season no one of these settlers owned a team, and all the grain for their families was car- ried to Montpelier to be ground, and brought home upon their backs, they leav- ing the bran to lighten their loads. March i, 1795, Joshua, Stephen, and Nathaniel Pitkin, and Solomon Gilman moved into town. Joshua Pitkin settled near the centre of the town where William Haskins now resides. Stephen Pitkin on the farm below, where Bowman Martin lives, Nathaniel Pitkin, who was cousin to the other settlers of the name, on the road from Abram Wood's to the saw-mill in the south ]3art of the town, and Solomon Gil- man where his grandson Loomis Gilman now resides. Settlers continued to come in. Stephen Rich was an early pioneer, commencing his settlement where his grandson, Samuel D. Hollister, now lives. Nathaniel Dodge, another, who came at a day so early, that he moved all his goods into town on a hand-sled, was an upright. Christian man, accumulating a good prop- erty and bringing up a large family, only two of whom remain in town. Martin Pitkin removed here previous to the organization of the town. Simeon Dwinell was also one of the early settlers, and one of the best of citizens ; afterwards four of his brothers, men of worth, Mar- tin, Squier, Zenas, and Aaron Bullock ; the right kind of men ; John Pike, whose 5 sons all tilled the soil and made their homes here ; Daniel Bemis with his large family ; Caleb Putnam, the first blacksmith in town, who made all the nails used in the early clays ; cut nails such as are now used, being cjuite unknown. Mr. Putnam was not only a good, ingenious blacksmith, but also a good, useful citizen. After some years, he removed to Woodbury, where he died. So rapid was the tide of immigration, that, at the organization of the town, 61 men took the freemen"^ oath. Shall I say of these men, that they were industrious, energetic, persevering? None but such men would think of making comfortable, permanent homes in a forest? The farms they cultivated, the school, and dwelling- houses they erected, the thrift which soon became apparent on every hand, all tell what kind of men were the pioneers of Marshfield. Joshua and Stephen Pitkin for a few of the first years worked in company, after- wards they mutually agreed to dissolve partnership, and amicably divided their possessions. They built the first framed barn in town. It was raised July 4, 1796. This barn in their settlement became the property of Joshua Pitkin. Stephen Rich raised a barn June 20, 1797. Caleb and MARSHFIELD. 199 Stephen Pitkin had each a barn raised June 26, 1797. June 28, 1798, William Holmes raised a barn ; also Ebenezer Dodge raised a barn July 6, '98. Capt. Stephen Rich raised his house June 14, 1800. This was the first framed-house in town. Stephen Pitkin, it is supposed, built the next framed-house, two-story. Joshua Pitkin raised a two-story house, Sept. 24, 1803. Nathaniel Pitkin raised a house June 20, 1804, and Timothy Cole raised a house June 24, 1804. THE FIRST RELIGIOUS MEETING in town of which we find any record, was Sunday, Aug. 20, 1797, at Nathaniel Dodge's. The 25th of Sept. after, Mr. Gilbert preached at Joshua Pitkin's. He was a missionary from Connecticut ; and Oct. 20, '97, a meeting at Nathaniel Dodge's, no preacher mentioned, and it is probable a sermon was read, as this was often the case in after years. From this time meetings were occasionally held in town ; very many it seems at Capt. Rich's ; for many years and also frequently, at Nathaniel Dodge's ; sometimes at Joshua Pitkin's. Among the ministers who occa- sionally preached here in the early days, were Elder Wheeler, of Montpelier, Bap- tist, Revs. Kinnee of Plainfield, Hobart of Berlin, Lyman, of Brookfield, Wright of Montpelier, Congregationalists. How did our settlers live ? in every de- partment of labor, almost nothing to do with? For making of maple sugar, the first five-pail kettle owned in town, Caleb Pitkin brought from Montpelier on his back, and sap-troughs had to be made, and the sugar-house was two huge logs with the kettle hung between, the smoke and ashes inclined to blow towards you ; the sap had to be gathered by hand, and where was the man who owned a sap-holder ? And when sugar was made, where was it to be stored ? James Pitkin told the writer, he could remember how his father provided for this emergency. In June, he pealed bir(jh- bark, soaked it, and sewed it with a strong wax-end, and thus made a large box, less the bottom, but he sat this on a smooth piece of bark, with a sap-trough under to catch the molasses, and he recol- lects many times eating biscuit and butter very near that sap-trough. The box, he thought, would hold 200 pounds. He also tells me the first cow his father owned, he drove from Newbury through the wilder- ness by marked trees, 34 miles. He did not say how the cow lived the first winter, but the second they raised a very large crop of wheat, and the cow was fed through winter, on wheat in the stook. She was very sleek, and yielded a large quantity of milk. The children must be educated. In 1799, a meeting of the settlers was called, and they concluded to build a log-school house, covered with bark. It stood just above where the road turns off to go to Dan- iel Dodge's. Miss Nancy Caldwell taught the first school ; was afterwards married to Rowland Edwards of Montpelier. Capt. Marsh came from Connecticut to visit his children and their families three times, and once, Jan. 7, 1797, his wife came with him. No small undertaking for a lady past middle age, with such roads. These visits were seasons of great interest to their children, and no less so to them- selves. They were made happy by seeing the prosperity of the settlement, and the thrift which was apparent among their children. Mrs. Marsh died the next sum- mer. Capt. Marsh lived some years longer, and married the third wife. When Capt. Marsh and his wife returned home, Joshua Pitkin went in company with them as far as Walpole, N. H. ; was four days going, and four returning. They went the first day to Williamstown, the next to Pomfret, the next to Cavendish, and the next to Walpole. Joshua Pitkin has also a record of his going to Judge Lynde's of Williamstown, to get a writ made out, hiring a horse of Mr. Hamett of Montpelier, for the trip, for which he paid 4s. It is not known what he paid for making out the writ. It ought to have been done cheap, as he went 20 miles to get it. He mentions a visit of Dr. Lamb of Mont- pelier, to his wife, for which he paid 6s ; and has a record of wages paid Henry Wal- bridge and two other joiners, at work on his new house, $2.25 a day for the three. And VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. we are informed, it was considered no more irnmoral then to buy a barrel of rum, or ID or 15 gallons of brandy, than it was to make -other purchases for family use. The mystery is, how any one kept sober ; how any one knew whether other people were sober. For a few of the first years the farmers here went to Montpelier or Calais for blacksmithing, till Caleb Putnam moved into town. Mr. John Knox was the first person who died in town. The date of his death is not known. Aug. 22, 1797, a child of Mr. Robert Waugh was drowned in a well. Joshua Pitkin was appointed first justice of peace Aug. 23, 1799. FIRST RECORD OF MARSHFIELD. On application of a number of credible freeholders of the town of Marshfield, County of Caledonia, and State of Ver- mont, that said town may be organized, according to law, 1 hereby warn a meeting of all the Freeholders and other inhab- itants of said town, qualified to vote in Town-meeting, to appear at the dwelling- house of Joshua Pitkin, in said town, on the tenth day of Marcli next, at ten o'clock forenoon on said day. ist. To choose a moderator to govern said meeting. 2d, To choose all officers that the law requires for organized towns to have. Joshua Pitkin, Justice Peace. Marshfield, Feb. 24th, 1800. March loth, 1800. This day a Town-meeting agreeable to the above Notification was held, and ist Chose Stephen Rich, Moderator; 2ond, Chose Stephen Rich, Town Clerk ; Joshua Pitkin, Clerk pro tem. ; 3rd, Stephen Rich, 1st Selectman ; 4th, Stephen Pitkin, 2ond Selectman ; 5th, Samuel Paterson, 3rd Se- lectman ; 6th, Caleb Pitkin, Town Treas- urer; 7th, Stephen Rich, Nathaniel Pitkin, and Robert Waugh, Listers ; Gideon Spen- cer, Constable and Collector ; Samuel Wil- son, Grand juryman; 8th, Aaron Elmer, Ebenezer Dodge, Jun., Joseph Wells, Sur- veyors of roads ; 9th, David Benjamin, Ebenezer Wells, Nathaniel Pitkin, Fence Viewers ; roth, Robert Waugh, Pound Keeper; nth, Giles Skinner, Sealer of Leather; 12th, Caleb Pitkin, Sealer of Weights and Measures; 13th, Giles Skin- ner, Tythingman ; 14th, Ebenezer Dodge and Aaron Elmer, Hay wards; 15th, Joshua Pitkin, Caleb Pitkin and Joseph Page, auditors of accounts of Selectmen. i6th, All the above names chosen into the several Offices have taken solemn oath for the faithful discharge of their trust. This meeting adjourned untill the 24th day of this month, by order of the Selectmen. Monday, Mar. 24, 1800, town meeting according to adjournment. After taking the freeman's oath, it was voted to ratify the proceedings of the annual meeting, Stephen Pitkin, Esq., chosen moderator pro tem. "Chose Stephen Pitkin and Samuel Paterson, Jurymen to attend the Supreme Court ; Samuel Paterson, Joseph P. Page, Aaron Elmer, Elisha Benjamin, Jr., Nathaniel Pitkin, Ebenezer Dodge, Jr., and Robert Waugh, Petit Jurymen." " Voted to assess a tax of 2 cents on the dollar on all polls and ratable property for the purpose of defraying town charges ; to raise four days' work a year, from each voter for the year ensuing, to mend the highways ; that the tax shall be worked out in June, and that the Selectmen shall credit the same on the bills." Names of the men who took the free- man's oath at said meeting : Stephen Rich, Stephen Pitkin, Samuel Paterson, Caleb Pitkin, Aaron Elmer, Eb- enezer Dodge, Ebenezer Dodge, Jr., Elisha Benjamin, Jr., David Benjamin, .Samuel Wilson, Hart Roberts, Joshua Pitkin, Elisha Benjamin, John Goodale, Hugh Wilson, Matthew Jack, Joel Knox, Tim- othy Cowles, Stephen Cowles, Amon Per- sons, James English, Edmund Harwood, Abraham Goodale, Solomon Spencer, George Gleason, Martin Pitkin, Gideon Spencer, Joseph P. Page, Uriah Simons, Nathaniel Pitkin, Joseph Wells, Giles Skinner, Robert Waugh, Solomon Gil- man, Ebenezer Wells, Selah Wells, John Waugh, Stephen Olmsted, John Cutler, Samuel Wilson, Jr., Robert Dodge, Chas. Gate, Samuel Pratt, Cyrril Garnsey, Caleb Putnam, Simeon Dwinell, Daniel Holmes, Daniel Damon, Calvin Elmer, Job Taylor, Ichabod Shurtleflf, John Pike, Guy Benja- min, Asa Spencer, Josiah Hollister, An- drew Jack, William Jones, Avara Gilman, Wm. W. Powers, Nathan Jones, Chester Clark, Stephen Rich, town clerk. It was voted at town meeting Jan. 7, 1800, Joshua Pitkin, Esq., mod. ; Stephen MARSHFIELD. 2ol Rich, district clerk, to support the school on the grand list ; Robert Waugh and Na- thaniel Pitkin, school com. ; Aaron Elmer, collector. Voted, that no one shall have a right to take any child into his family to attend school, unless he take one for a year, and that the selectmen shall act in conjunction with the committee in exam- ining the school teacher, and to raise $34 to support schooling. At town meeting. Mar. 25, 1801, Caleb Pitkin, mod., voted to divide the district; set up the old school-house at vendue, to be ' sold to the highest bidder ; sold the house for 2^ bushels of wheat, on 6 months' credit, to Aaron Elmer ; 1 2 squares of glass, to Solomon Gilman, for i bush, of wheat ; 75 nails, to Nathaniel Dodge, for I peck of wheat ; boards, to Robert Waugh, for 9s. 6d., to be paid in wheat; table, to Joshua Pitkin, for 2 bush. 2 qts. of wheat ; chair, to Joshua Pitkin, for 3 pecks, 4 qts. of wheat. The selectmen organized the inhabitants on the river road into a school district, beginning at Hart Roberts' on the north, Capt. Skinner's at the south, Nathaniel Pitkin's on the west, and Sam- uel Wilson's and Joseph Wells' on the east. Stephen Rich, Samuel Paterson, Caleb Pitkin, were selectmen. So the old school-house was sold, a little, square, log-building, covered with bark ; a big stone chimney, with an open- ing above for the smoke to go out and the rain to come in, and the grand old forest for play-ground, and did it not ring with the merry shouts of childhood? They needed no gymnasium then. Were there not the trees to climb, the birds' nests and squirrels to hunt, and partridges and wood- chucks to look after? The children did not sing in school in those days. They had to sit straight, keep their eyes on the book, and their toes on the crack. They hardly dared breathe in school-time, there was such an awe of femle and rod. The children did not sing in school, but the bird's song they heard through the open window, and when the noon-time came, the children joined the chorus, and the old woods rang again. It seems the inhabitants not included in 26 the river district, were all in one other dis- trict. Afterwards districts were divided and arranged, as the inhabitants increased, according to their needs. But it was not until about 18 12, that a school-house was built on the river near Joshua Pitkin's. Schools were kept in a portion of a dwell- ing-house, and sometimes in Caleb Pit- kin's old house. In the mill district, now the village, the first school-house was built in 1 82 1. The first school in this district was taught by Miss Comfort Gage, in the summer of 1820, in Capt. Martin Pitkin's barn, on the place where the writer re- sides. There was a school a number of years in the Dwinell district, before the convenience of a school-house was en- joyed. Four winters this school was kept in Simeon Dwinell's kitchen. This to some housekeepers might have seemed an inconvenience, as the house was small, and Mrs. Dwinell had 8 children of her own. But she doubtless got along nicely, washing days and all. The children must be educated ; in those days troops of little ones were not so much in the way. In 1805, a committee was appointed by the town to act in concert with the select- men in purchasing a piece of ground for the burial of the dead, and the grave-yard near J. H. Eaton's was bought of Na- thaniel Dodge. Mar. 1797, Thomas McLoud, of Mont- pelier, and Sally Dodge, of Marshfield, were united in marriage by Joseph Wing, Esq., of Montpelier, the first marriage in town. Joshua Pitkin, Esq., was the first justice of peace, and Dec. 10, 1801, he married Ebenezer Wells to Susannah Spen- cer, the first marriage by a citizen of the town. Feb. I, 1803, a town meeting was called to see if the town would form themselves into a Congregational society, and also to see if they would agree to settle a minis- ter. The vote stood 17 in favor and 70 against. Bears, wolves and deer were very num- erous in the early days of Marshfield. The wolves made night hideous by their howl- ings, and it was no uncommon thing to kill a bear or deer. Joshua Pitkin, in his 202 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. journal, speaks of killing 8 deer at differ- ent times, and one bear story belonging to ovir region has in it sufficient of the tragic to warrant insertion here. One season early in September the bears began to make depiedations in the corn, on the Skinner farm, now Wm. Martin's. Solomon Gilman, one of the early settlers, who was a great sportsman, promised to watch for the bear, and put an end to his suppers of green corn ; he took his stand at night in the field, waiting the arrival of the depredator. The bear came on, and was soon helping himself, when with true aim, the hunter fired. The bear gave one great spring, and came directly on, or over him. He felt his time had come. The blood was flowing ! He caught the lacerated intestines in his hands, replaced them as he could in that moment of des- peration, wrapped the long skirt of his overcoat about his body, holding it firmly with both hands ; had just strength enough left to shout for help, and to run a short distance. Help soon came. They assisted him to a place of safety, and folding back his overcoat, a double handful of bruin's entrails fell to the ground ! Mr. G. lived long to be the terror of the denizens of the forest, but it was years before he heard the last of being killed by a bear. At another time, Mr. Gilman was pur- suing a bear through some woods where Mr. Ira Stone was chopping. Seeing the bear rapidly approaching, Mr. Stone sprang upon a large rock. The bear came up. Mr. Stone attempted to strike him with his axe, but one blow of the bear's paw sent the axe to the ground. They now clinched. Mr. Stone attempted to grasp the bear's tongue, but instead, the bear crushed two of his fingers. They rolled to the ground, the bear uppermost. Just now Mr. Gilman came near, and taking aim, shot the bear through the head. The crushed fingers was all the serious injury Mr. Stone received. The settlers made quite a business of selling ashes, and afterwards, a larger one of making salts for sale. The beautiful elms, of which there were many on the river banks and in other places, were cut down, piled and burned for this purpose, and a great deal of other valuable timber. Salts sold well, so the day and the long night were often spent in boiling salts, and more than one woman has lent a hand at this work. There are only two ponds which lie wholly in this town — Nigger Head, of cir- cular form, and about half a mile in width, and Nob Hill ponds. Long pond lies partly in Mai-shfield and partly in Groton. Mud pond has within a few years dried up. Our county map shows other ponds in our eastern portion, but by actual survey it is, found that neither of these are our side of the line. Our township is somewhat hilly, but in only one case are we entitled to the name of mountain. NIGGER HEAD mountain, in the north-easterly part of the town, is a steep precipice, 500 feet high, in one place 300 feet perpendicular. It is an imposing sight, so bold, precipitous and grand — nature enthroned in one of her wildest phases. On its dizzy heights we have a remarkably fine view of the sur- rounding regions, and of the bright waters of the beautiful pond below, and nowhere can one get a better view of the fearful precipice, than in a little boat on the waters at its base. Winooski river passes through this town from north to south, more than half of the town lying on the east. It receives many tributaries in its course. Lye brook, the outlet of Pigeon pond in Harris' Gore, is a considerable stream, and falls into the river a little south of the center of the town. A part of the south portion of Marshfield is more easily convened at Plainfield vil- lage, which really extends a little into our town than at our own village. As a con- sequence our people in that vicinity attend church at Plainfield, while a portion of the people in Eastern Cabot, on Molly's brook and vicinity, attend church at Marshfield. On the east side of the river a large quantity of good timber remains uncut, and there are also on this side of the river very large quarries of granite, beautifully clear, and of superior quality, and should MARSHFIELD. 203 the time come when a raih-oad shall pass up through this portion of our town, the value of these forests and quarries will be estimated very differently from what they are now. As far as farms are cultivated on this side of the river, they are pretty good. About the year 1825, quite a settlement was made on this side, some 2^ miles east of where the town-house now stands. So many families moved in, that a log school- house was built, and at one time there was a school of 30 scholars ; but the land prov- ing better for pasturage than tillage, after a few years the settlement was deserted. These large pastures are now owned by wealthy farmers. The town is in every part well-watered. The east part is noted especially for its pure, soft, cold springs. There is also hardly a farm in town but what has one or more good sugar orchards, and the amount of sugar made here any year is large. Through the kindness of E. S. Pitkin, Esq., I have the following statistics of the manufacture of maple sugar here in the spring of 1868, which is above the average : Sugar orchards, 108 ; sugar made in 1868, 140,350 pounds, or more than 70 tons ; 18 orchards made each 2,000 and upwards ; 40 made less than 2,000 and more than 1,000 pounds. WATER PRIVILEGES. Molly's brook, from the easterly part of Cabot, unites with theWinooski soon after entering this town. On this brook, just above the junction, are Molly's Falls, which are worthy the notice of the trav- eler. They can be seen to advantage from the stage-road, a mile above the village. The water falls in the distance of 30 rods, 180 feet. Were we writing fiction, it would do, perhaps, to follow the figures of Thomp- son in his valuable " Gazeteer of Vermont," making these falls 500 feet ; but we, who, in the clear mornings of summer can hear the roaring of the water, will have it just as it is, 180 feet. There is an amount of water-power here not often equalled. It would be difficult to estimate how much machinery might be kept in motion by the water which is precipitated over these falls. Then, on the river below, are a number of excellent mill-sites, and in ad- dition to all these. Nigger Head brook, from where it leaves Nigger Head pond to its entrance into the Winooski, has a suc- cession of falls, making good locations for mills ; all the better, as the stream is never materially affected by drought. Among our early settlers a good deal of attention was paid to orcharding. On the hill farms there are good orchards and fine fruit, both grafted and native. On the river, apple-trees have never done as well. Aug. 22, 1811, there was a very great rise of water, and Joshua Pitkin lost grass sufficient for 15 tons of hay, by the over- flowing of his meadows, as his journal tells. In Sept. 1828, tliere was a great flood, and Stephen Pitkin, Jr's. clover mill, a mile above the village, was carried off; also many bridges. July 27, 1830, a great rise of water carried off nearly all the bridges on the river, and greatly injured the uncut grass on the meadows, and Aug. i, 1809, there was a great hail-storm, injuring gar- dens and corn very much. The evening of July 5, 1 84 1, there was a terrific hail- storm through a portion of the town. Veg- etation was much injured, and very much glass broken. Aug. 20, 1869, there was a very sudden rise of water, buildings were injured, some small ones carried ofif, and bridges and other property destroyed. A great gale was experienced here May 13, 1866. The wind was accompanied with rain, and 4 barns and some smaller buildings were blown down. Mr. Amos Dwinell was in his son's barn at the time, and was buried in its ruins, but extricated without much injury. A number of cows were in two of the demolished barns, but only a very few were seriously injured. In the spring of 1807, snow was 4i feet deep April 4, and when Joshua Pitkin be- gan to tap his sugar-place, Apr. 15, it was 3 feet deep. May 15, 1834, there was a great snow-storm, more than 2 feet deep. In the winter of 1863 and '4, snow was very deep, fences covered for months. We have also had our portion of fires. A barn was burned Oct. 1806, Jeremiah's 204 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Carleton's blacksmith shop in 1827 ; after, an old house of Caleb Pitkin's, the dwell- ing house of Nathan Smith; the dwelling- house of Bemis Pike, Feb. 1835; '"^^^^ house of Hiram Goodwin, May, 1840; the starch-factory and clover-mill of Stephen Pitkin the night of Dec. 10, 1853, large shoe-shop of Henry Goodwin, May, i860; house belonging to G. O. Davis, occupied by G. W. Nouns, who was severely burned, and the family just escaped with their lives. Mar. 1869, the saw-mill and shop, and all the tools of Calvin York. CASUALTIES. Betsey Swetland and another young lady were riding on horseback May 7, 18 17, below the village, when she was killed by the fall of a tree. vShe lived only a few hours. Mr. Jonathan Davis, an aged man, was burned to death by falling into the fire, probably in a fit, and Jonathan Davis, Jr., had a little son drowned in a water-holder at the door. George Pitkin, while drawing wood alone, fell before the runner of the sled, and was crushed to death, Feb. 20, 1845. Martin Bemis, son of Abijah Bemis, came to his death by slipping in the road, and a sled passing over him. Mrs. Linton was accidentally shot, by a gun carelessly handled by a boy. Mrs. Tubbs, an old lady, accidentally took some oil of cedar, and lived but a short time. Mr. Graves had a little daughter scalded, so as to cause death. A child of Nathaniel Lamberton was scalded, so as to cause its death in a short time. Mrs. Benoni Haskins was burned, so as to cause death in a few hours. A little child of Francis Loveland was also burned to death some years since, and a child of Spencer Law- rence scalded, so as to cause its death. A number of years ago, Mr. Asa Willis had a very remarkable escape from sudden death, while at work on a ledge of rocks, near where Daniel Loveland resides. There had been au unsuccessful attempt made to split open a granite rock 12 feet square, the lower edge of which lay on a large rock 15 feet high. The top of the lower rock was slanting like the roof of a house. While attempting to open the crevice al- ready commenced in the upper rock, suffi- cient to insert a blast of powder, the rock split in two nearly in the middle, Mr. Willis fa*lling between the parts, and he and they sliding from the large rock to the ground, 27 feet. The two pieces, when they reached the ground, stood in such a way that the upper edges leaned against each other, and the lower edges stood apart so as to leave a wedge-shaped cavity large enough to admit his body, and there he lay. No one was with him but Mr. Joshua Smith. On ascertaining that he was alive, Mr. Smith dug away the earth, and succeeded in extricating him from his perilous situation. Neither he, nor the physician, who was immediately called, thought him much injured, and he lived to do a good deal of hard work, and yet it is thought he never entirely recovered from the eifects of the shock. IMPROVEMENTS. The log hou.ses of the pioneers soon gave way to better dwellings. At the present time nearly all the houses in town are of modern style and finish, but it is the barns that ought particularly to be mentioned. Many of them are large, beautifully finished and painted, and not surpassed by any in the vicinity. THE TOWN CLERKS have been, Stephen Rich 7 years, George Rich 7 years, Robert Cristy g years, Mar- tin Bullock 16 years, Jacob Putnam 19 years, Jonathan Goodwin 2 years, Samuel D. Hollister 2 years, and Andrew English 24 years, from 1849 to his death in 1873 ; Geo. W. English 2 years, and Edgar L. Smith, elected in 1875, now in ofiice. REPRESENTATIVES. The town was first represented in the Legislature in 1804, by Stephen Pitkin. He held this office in all 13 years, then by George Rich 3 years, Wm. Martin 12 years, Josiah Hollister 2 years, Alonzo Foster 2 years, Spencer Lawrence 2 years. Wel- come Cole 2 years, Horace Hollister 3 years, Ira Smith 2 years, Stephen R. Hol- lister 2 years, E. D. Putnam 2 years. Hi- MARSHFIELD. 205 ram Potter 2 years, Asa Spencer 2 years, George A. Gilman 2 years, Ingals Carleton 2 )-ears, Samuel D. HoUister 2 years, An- drew English 2 years, Bowman Martin 2 years, C. W. H. Dwinell 2 years, Wm. Martin, Jr., 2 years, and Preston Haskins 2 years. George Wooster, 1869-70; Moody Bemis, 1872; George Putnam, 1874; Levi W. Pitkin, 1876; Marshal D. Perkins, 1878; Mark M ears, 1880. Town Treasurer. — George O. Davis, elected 1870. SELECTMEN FROM 1876. EliG. Pitkin, 1876-77; H. P. Martin, 1876-78; J.H.Eaton, 1876; Willis Lane, 1876; Marcus R. Bliss, 1877-78-79; H. H. Hollister, 1879-80; Chester Sawyer, 1880; Levi W. Pitkin, Orin H. Smith, Daniel Holcomb, 1881. TAVERNS. Joshua Pitkin, Esq., raised the first tavern-sign Oct. 1805. He continued to keep a public house many years. The second tavern was opened by Charles Cate, where Erastus Eddy now lives. Joshua Smith moved into town from Ashford,Ct., in Dec. 181 1, bought out Mr. Cate, and commenced keeping tavern, which he con- tinued 17 years. He was a kind neighbor, accommodating to all, and travelers who called on him would never forget the ex- ceeding drollery of his jokes. He died at the age of 84. His wife, one of our best women, still lives (1869) aged 87. Capt. James English opened a tavern about the year 181 1, where Obed Lamber- ton now resides, and kept a public house a number of years. He was a wheelwright and a highly respected citizen ; removed to what is now the village; died in 1825, and was buried with Masonic honors. Capt. Jacob Putnam bought out Capt. English in 1820, and kept a public house some years, and his son, A. F. Putnam, kept a number of years after at the old stand, and later at the village. Dudley Pitkin commenced keeping a tavern at the old place occupied by his father, about the year 1824, and for a few years continued the business. Daniel Wilson moved from Alstead, N. H., in 1821, and settled in the village. He built and run the first carding-machine in town. He also bought the place where the hotel now stands, and built there a one-story plank house. The place soon passed into other hands, and in 1826, was bought by Eli Wheelock, who put on an- other story, and made other additions to the house, and opened it as a hotel the same year. It has been used for a public house till the present time (1869), but so many additions and alterations have been made, that it would now be rather a diffi- cult matter to find the original building. The property soon passed into other hands, was purchased by Horace Bliss, who re- mained in the tavern a number of years ; then sold to Lyman Clark, who afterwards sold to Jabez L. Carpenter, and it has had a number of owners since. A. F. Putnam was proprietor 6 years, and sold to P. Stevens. The present occupant (1869) is P. Lee. STORES. The first store in town was opened as early as 18 18, by Alfred Pitkin, son of Joshua Pitkin, Esq., in a one-story house just opposite his father's, and just where Wm. Haskins' house stands. After a few years Mr. Pitkin removed to Plainfield, and later to Montpelier. The first store in the village was kept by a Mr. Kimball. He stayed here only a short time. Enoch D. Putnam opened a store here, Apr. 5, 1840, and continued to trade here till March, 1855, when he sold out and went to Cabot, and has recently removed to Montpelier. George Wooster went into partnership with Mr. Putnam in Sept. 1848. In May, 1858, G. & F. Wooster commenced trade in their starch-factory, but have since built a large store, and are doing a good business. A. F. Putnam commenced trade in 1866, and IS also doing a good business. Levi Bemis and some others have also been in the mercantile business in our village, and after a time have left for other places. Geo. A. Putnam is our present merchant (1881), and Mrs. Adams keeps a ladies store. A. F. Putnam, postmaster. 2o6 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. PHYSICIANS. Dr. Bates came here in 1826. He loca- ted at Eli Wheelock's hotel; remained but a few months. In 1827, Dr. Hersey came here to practice. He boarded at Judge Pitkin's ; remained about a year. About 1828, Dr. Daniel Corliss settled in our village, stayed a year and removed to Montpelier, (now East Montpelier, where he died.) Dr. Asa Phelps removed from Berlin to this place in 1831, and still lives here. For many years he was the only resident physician. He has known as well as any other man, what it was to travel over our hills on a dark night, with the thermom- eter below zero, while the winds were all abroad — years ago. At that time, we had many more poor people in town, than now, On such nights after doing for the sick, if he could have lodging on the floor, with his feet towards the fire, he would put up till daylight. He was never known after such visits to complain of his fare, indeed sometimes, he had no fare to complain of. He has had a large practice — often without pay, never objecting to have counsel, and if superseded by others, "he kept the even tenor of his way," never speaking against the practice of other physicians ; thus has secured universal respect. Dr. Ezra Paine moved here in 1842, and remained here some 2 years. Dr. George Town removed here from Montpelier in 1852, but after a few years, sold out and returned to Montpelier, but removed here again, and has a good practice. Dr. J. O. A. Packer, homcEopathist, re- moved from Peacham here in 1865. He is doing a good business. LONGEVITY. A few persons here have attained to the age of 90 years. Dea. Spencer died at 90; Mrs. Capron overgo; Mrs. Cree, 94; Mrs. Austin, 94. Mr. Joel Parker and wife resided in this place a year or two. Some few years since, Mrs. Parker had attained to the great age of 97, and on her birth-day sung two hymns to a neighbor who called upon her. Mr. P. was 10 years younger. They have both recently died in Northfield, she in her looth year. Aged persons who have died in town within 2) or \ years. — Daniel Young, 91, and his wife Lydia, 85 ; Sylvester Love- land, 88, and his wife, 84; Mary Bemis, 84; Samuel G. Bent, 81 ; Ira Smith, 80; Abijah Bemis, 86; Willard Benton, 83. Aged persons now living (1881). — Dr. Asa Phelps, 85 ; Lucy Bemis, 86 ; Sally Dwinell, 86; Mary York. MILLS. The first saw-mill in town was built by Stephen Pitkin, afterwards Judge Pitkin, in 1802, on Lye brook. In 1812, he built the first saw-mill at what is now the village, and a grist-mill in 181 8, which was used many years. The stone and brick grist- mill, now owned by Harrison F. Ketchum, was built in 1 831, by Gen. Parley Davis and Truman Pitkin. About the year 1823, Simeon Gage built clothing-works at the south part of the village, but they were used only a few years. LIBRARY. There has been for 20 years, in this place, a circulating library, of historical works, travels, etc. CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. BY MRS. DEA. A. BOYLES. The first Congregational church in Marshfield was organized Dec. 24, 1800. By request of a number of persons in town, to be embodied into a visible church of Christ, Rev. Mr. Hobartand two breth- ren, Mr. Timothy Hatch and Peterson GifTord of Berlin, came and organized a church of 13 members. Selah Wells was the first deacon, and afterwards Gideon Spencer. For a number of years they had additions, both by professions and letters, and were supplied with preaching a por- tion of the time by ministers from the neighboring towns. Rev. Mr. Hobart of Berlin, Rev. Mr. Lyman of Brookfield, Rev. Mr. Wright of Montpelier, Rev. Mr. Worcester of Peacham, and also a Mr. Washburn and Mr. Bliss, were among those who occasionally ministered to them. About the year 18 17, Rev. Levi Parsons, MARSHFIELD. 207 afterwards missionary to Palestine, was here, and preached a number of times. But they never enjoyed the blessing of a settled minister. Thus they continued till Dec. 8, 1825, when with the hope that they should enjoy better privileges, those members residing at the south part of the town, united with the church in Plainfield. The rest of the members, and a number of other persons who wished to unite with a Congregational church, thought best to form a church at the north part of the town, in the vicinity of the village, and by re- quest, Rev. Mr. French of Barre, and Rev. Mr. Heard of Plainfield, came and organized a church, which still remains. Brothers Andrew Currier and Alexander Boyles, were chosen deacons. It has been supplied with preaching a part of the time. Among those who have labored here are Rev. Messrs. Kinney, Baxter, Herrick, Ton-ey, Waterman, Samuel Marsh, and Lane. Rev. Joseph Marsh labored here nearly 2 years. Through the summer of 1868, Rev. Mr. Winch, of Plainfield, preached at 5 o'clock every other Sabbath. There have been many removals and the present number of church members is small . Record from iS6g ^0 Aug. 3, iZji, by Rev. TV. F. CoblcigJi, pastor, thett. — For several years there had been but little Con- gregational preaching in Marshfield, when in the spring of 1870, Rev. J. T. Graves preached half of the time for 6 weeks. Soon after. Rev. N. F. Cobleigh was en- gaged to preach half of the time for i year. The church had no church property, but in the spring of 187 1, a new church was begun, a Sabbath school organized, and a library obtained. The church will be ded- icated Aug. 16, 1871. The membership has more than doubled during the past year. Preaching services are now held every Sabbath. Rev. N. F. Cobleigh is to be settled as pastor Aug. i6th inst. Record from Ai/g. 1877, to i^7<), from Rev. Geo. E. Forbes. — From this time to the spring of 1877, Rev. Mr. Cobleigh was its pastor, and through his faithful ef- forts its membership was very largely in- creased. Of the. 57 who composed the church when Mr. Cobleigh resigned, only 9 were members in 1870. Aug. 16, the church was dedicated and the pastor in- stalled. After Mr. Cobleigh's resignation in 1877, Rev. John Stone, of Berlin, sup- plied until early in 1878, when Rev. Paul Henry Pitkin, of Brooklyn, N. Y., was called to be its pastor. He was installed March 14; is its present pastor (1879.) Alexander Boyles, elected deacon in Aug. 1827, held office till his death, Nov. 27, 1876. The other deacons have been An- drew Currier, Silas Carleton, Benjamin Boyles and Mervin Roberts. CHRISTIAN CHURCHES. BV MISS A. BULLOCK. About the year 18 15, Elder John Capron commenced preaching in this town, and soon after removed his family here from Danville. There was a revival of religion, and a church was organized about this time. They believed the Scriptures, to- gether with the spirit of God, a sufficient rule of faith and practice. They were blessed with more or less prosperity till 1825, when some of them considered some articles setting forth their faith and cove- nant, as necessary and proper for a Chris- tian church. This caused a division, but finally there was a reorganization under the pastoral care of Elder Capron, Dec. 15, 1836, the two blending together again. Between this time and March 5, 1844, 44 persons united with this church, a part living in Calais, and a part in Marshfield. Among this number there were many of whom we believed "their record is on high." Elder Capron had but little edu- cational advantages, was of warm and energetic temperament, and many remem- ber him justly, as a friend and brother in adversity. He moved from this town some time after the death of his excellent wife, who was kind to all and ever had a word for the afflicted. She died June 14, 1848, and was buried in our soil, and her memory still clings to our hearts. Elder Capron being the first settled minister in town, was entitled to, and received the town's minister lot of land. He removed to 208 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Stowe. [See history of Morristown. Ed.] He was married a second time, and died some years since. About the year 1839, there was another church of the Christian denomination or- ganized in the North-west partof the town, under the direction of Elder Jared L. Green. This church was subjected to very hard and severe trials. Many of its members sleep in the dust, some are scattered to other parts, while others are living and striving for the better land. ADVENT CHURCH. Feb. 6, 1867, another church was organ- ized here of 6 members, believing in the advent of Christ near at hand, under the pastoral care of Rev. J. A. Cleaveland. BAPTIST CHURCH. From the early settlement of the town there have been residents here who have maintained the views of the Baptist church. More than 30 years ago a church of this denomination was organized, consisting of members in Barre, Plainfield and Marsh- field. The larger number resided in Barre and Plainfield, and this church will prob- ably be mentioned in the history of one of those towns. [Barre has left it, we think, to Plainfield.— Ed.] UNIVERSALIST SOCIETY. BY I;EV. a. SCOTT. Universalism was introduced into this town by Daniel Bemis, a Revolutionary soldier, who moved here from Conn, in 1809. Soon after Ebenezer Dodge, Jr., and Robert Spencer became associated with Mr. B. in religious faith. The first preacher of this faith here was Rev. Wm. Farewell, in 1818. From this time there was occasional Universalist preaching here till 1854, by Revs. L.H. Tabor, Benjamin Page, Lester Warren, and it may be some others. In 1854, Daniel Bemis, Junior, Edwin Pitkin, Jonathan Goodwin, Abijah Hall and others united and secured the services of Rev. Wm. Sias for one-fourth of the Sabbaths for this and the next year. During 1855, the friends organized, under the name of "The Universalist Society of Liberal Christians in Marshfield." The society for the year 1856 and '7. enjoyed the labors of Rev. Eli Ballou for one- fourth the Sabbaths. In 1827, an association was formed called "The Union meeting-house soci- ety," for building and keeping in repair a church they erected in the village in the north part of the town ; the only church edifice in town till 1859. [In 1831, when the first list of shares prepared apportion- ing the time to the several denominations, the Universalists were represented by four shares, owned by Sam'l. Ainsworth, Daniel Bemis, Jr., and Cyrus Smith.] In 1857, this association repaired and modernized the church, making it neat and pleasant, both external and internal. Some of the other societies, desiring more room at this time, relinquished their interest in the church. The property being sold to pay the assessment upon it, it fell into different hands, and at the present writing, 1869, three-fourths of the occupancy is given to the Universalist society. This change in the occupancy of the house gave a new im- petus to the cause in the town. This so- ciety has since sustained public worship one-half of the Sabbaths, excepting 1866 and '7, during which they sustained it every Sabbath. These years were supplied as follows : 1858 and ''9, by Rev. Eli Ballou ; i860. Rev. M. B. Newell ; 1861, '2 and '3, by Rev. E. Ballou; 1864, byRev. Olympia Brown; 1865, by Rev. L. Warren; 1866, 7 and '8, by Rev. A. Scott. Revs. New- ell, Brown and Scott lived in the town during their ministrations. The society was united, and at the present time, 1869, is in as good, if not better, condition than at any former period, having raised more money for the support of worship one-half of the Sabbaths, than it had ever before done. Rev. L. Warren is to labor with it from May i, 1869. Connected with the society and congregation are some 40 fam- ilies, beside many single individuals of other families. There is also a small Sab- bath-school, for the use of which there is a reading library of 150 vols. The church property is worth from $3,000 to $3,500, f of which is given to the occupancy of the society. MARSHFIELD. 209 From paper of Rev. Geo. E. Forbes m 1879 — Universalist record continued. — In 1869, Rev. Lester Warren was engaged to preach one-half of the time till the spring of 1873. In July of this year, Rev. Geo. E. Forbes was settled over the society. For 2 years the Plainfield society united with this for his support. The remainder of the time he has preached for this so- ciety exclusively, and is its present pastor. The Union Sabbath-school, composed of scholars from the different denomina- tions occupying the church, was continued until 1871. Since that time the Sabbath- school here has been connected with this society ; present number, about 90, officers and pupils. A. H. Davis was its super- intendent in 1871 to '''j^, when he was suc- ceeded by C. H. Newton. Under the ministry of Rev. L. Warren in 187 1, a church was organized, which at present numbers 43 members. John E. Eddyand Abial H. Davis were elected deacons, and still hold the office. Ira H. Edson was the first church clerk, succeeded by D. R. Loveland and C. H. Newton, present clerk. METHODIST CHURCH IN MARSHFIELD. In May, 1826, Stephen Pitkin, Jr., mar- ried the writer, a daughter of Gen. Parley Davis, of Montpelier. A few months be- fore she had been baptized by Rev. Wil- bur Fisk, and united with theM. E. church on probation. Previous to their marriage Mr. Pitkin had also experienced religion. In Jan. 1827, there being no Methodists in Marshfield at that time, they both united with the Methodist church in Cabot ; he as a prqbationer, being baptized by Rev. A. D. Sargeant, of the N. E. Conference, and she, by letter, in full connection. In 1827, the union meeting-house was built at Marshfield, and a committee appointed to divide the time for occupying the house between the different denominations own- ing it. A few Sabbaths were set to the Methodists, though Mr. Pitkin was the only Methodist pew-holder. Rev. N. W. Aspinwall, preacher in charge at Cabot, appointed and attended meetings here on these Sabbaths alternately with his col- league. Rev. Elisha J. Scott. In Feb. 1828, the first quarterly meeting was held, weather stormy. The meeting commenced Saturday, p. m. Several ministers and one minister's wife were in attendance, and all were entertained at our own house — a small frame-house, never encumbered with clapboards. The next year Sophronia and Sally Cate were baptized by Rev. Hershal Foster — the former now Mrs. Guernsey, of Mont- pelier. These two, with Mr. Pitkin and myself, and a Mrs. Whittle, constituted the first Methodist class in Marshfield, or- ganized in the autumn of 1829, Mr. Pitkin class-leader and steward. What seasons of interest were the class-meetings and prayer-meetings of those days ! The next to join were Samuel G. Bent and wife. Our numbers increased very gradually ; at most, we occupied the church only \ the Sabbaths. Rev. Solomon Sias, Rev. Stephen H. Cutler, Rev. E. J. Scott, and others, spoke to us the words of life. About 1834, the first wife of Andrew English, Esq., proposed to the writer, we should get the children of the neighborhood to- gether for a Sabbath-school. As we had preaching at the church so little, we met at our homes alternately, at 5 o'clock. This we did many months, till we had a good-sized school, when it was proposed to take our Sabbath-school to the church, where it was duly organized, Jeremiah Carleton, Esq., first superintendent. A library was procured, and the school pros- pered. It was strictly a union Sabbath- school. The desk was supplied by minis- ters of different denominations, and our Sabbath-school went on. For a number of years the Methodists were supplied with preaching \ the time, by preachers who lived in Cabot. After that, we were united with Woodbury and Calais, and supplied in that way. A few united with the little band from year to year, but deaths and re- movals kept our number small. Some of these death-bed scenes were, however, re- markably happy. Especially was this the case in the death of Loammi Sprague. The first preacher sent here by Confer- ence was Rev. David Packer, who died a 27 210 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. few years since in Chelsea, Mass. He re- sided on East Hill, in Calais. At this time preachers received but a very small salary, and the members were often scattering and poor. After being in Calais a few weeks, Mr. and Mrs. Packer one morning ate their last food. Almost an entire stranger, Mr. Packer did not feel that he could beg. After uniting in fam- ily prayer, he retired to an old barn on the place, while she sought her closet, and each alone committed their case to the father of the stranger and the poor. A mile away from them lived a young farmer, not a professor of religion. As he started after breakfast for the hay-field with his hired help, something seemed to impel him to stop. He must go back to the house and carry some provisions to the new minister. It was of no use to say, "I'm not acquainted with them, I know nothing of their needs," he must take them some food. He told the men they might go to mowing, he must go back. He went back, told his wife his feelings, and they together put up meat, potatoes, flour, butter and sugar, and other things, a fair wagon load, and he took it over, and found how blessed it was to give, and they, how safe to trust in God. Slowly did the little church increase, never having preaching more than one- fourth of the time for many years. In 1 85 1, the Congregationalists and Methodists agreed to unite and support preaching. First for 2 years they would have Congregational preaching, and then Methodist for the next 2. Rev. Mr. Marsh, Congregational, was our first minister, and at the close of the two years Rev. Lewis P. Cushman was appointed by Con- ference, and spent 2 years with us. In those years a number were added to the church. Mr. Cushman is now a mission- ary in Texas ; his little daughter, Clara, so well remembered by us, started last October as a missionary to China. Before the close of Mr. Cushman's first year Mr. Pitkin died, and as he had been very influential in procuring and sustain- ing preaching, and there was no one to then take his place, the effort was now aban- doned, and for a number of years we had no stated preaching. At length, in 1859, a few concluded to make one more eff'ort, and Rev. Joshua Gill was stationed with us. The Union church had passed mostly into the hands of the Universalists, and we had no preaching place. We needed a church, and one was put up and covered in '59, and finished in i860. The house was the right size, well furnished. Our next minister was Rev. Geo. H. Bickford, an excellent preacher, and one of the best of men. He died some years later at Barton. His last words, his hand upon his breast, closing his eyes, that grand old doxology, the gloria, "Glory be to the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost." Rev. C. S. Buswell came next 2 years. Rev. James Robinson was stationed here in 1865, Rev. Joseph Hamilton in 1867; both years we had some additions. In 1869, Rev. James Spinney was appointed here. No. of vols, in S. S. library, 450. In 1871, Rev. J. Hamilton was with us again, and stayed one year. In 1872, Conference made Rev. C. P. Flanders our pastor, succeeded in 1874, by Rev. C. A. Smith, who was with us 3 years, followed by Rev. G. H. Hastings in 1877, in 1879 by Rev. O. A. Farley, and in 1881 by Rev. C. H. Farnsworth, our present pastor. Our members have gradually increased ; our present number is "]■}). In the spring of 1870, we bought of Bemis Pike a good house and garden for a parsonage; cost, $1,800. Feb. 3, 1878, our church was burned. The society had just put down a new car- pet, and a new organ and new lamps had been purchased, which, together with our large Sabbath-school library, was all con- sumed, and no insurance. What a loss for us ! But after mature deliberation we de- cided to rebuild. The Church Extension Society gave us $200, Rev. A. L. Cooper $50, and a few other friends smaller sums. January 16, 1879, our new church was dedicated, sermon by Rev. A. L. Cooper. The church is built in the Norman Gothic style of architecture, nicely finished and furnished throughout, warmed from the vestry beneath, and free from debt. MARSHFIELD. Since we have had a church of our own, our Sabbath-school has been prosperous, and never more so than at the present time. It is large, numbering over 80. The pres- ent superintendent is J. B. Pike. STEPHEN PITKIN, whose history is so interwoven with early Methodism in Marshfield, was very un- assuming in his manners, and very strong in his temperance and anti-slavery prin- ciples. He belonged to the old Liberty party when in this town ; their caucuses were opened with prayer. He had a great aversion to pretension. He once lent his sleigh and harness to a man calling him- self John Cotton, to go to Barnet, to be gone three days. Cotton was quite a stranger, having been in our place but 6 weeks, during which he had boarded with my husband's brother, working for him a part of the time, and the rest of the time selling clocks he had purchased of a Mr. Bradford, in Barre. Four days went by. On inquiry, Mr. Pitkin found that tire clocks had been purchased on trust, and all sold for watches or money ; that he owed $60 toward his horse, and that he had borrowed of the brother with whom he boarded, horse-blanket, whip and mit- tens. It seemed sure he was a rogue. What could be done? Pursuit was use- less after such a lapse of time. Mr. P. felt his loss severely ; he had little prop- erty then, and what he had, was the product of hard labor ; but he always made his business a subject of prayer. About 3 weeks passed away. One evening, having been out some time, he came in, and with his characteristic calmness, said, "H — , I shall not worry any more about my sleigh and harness ; I think I shall get them again." " Why do you think so ? " said I. His an- swer was, "I have been praying God to arrest Cotton's conscience, so that he will be obliged to leave them where I can get them, and I believe. he will do it," and from this time, Wednesday evening, he seemed at rest on the subject. The next Tuesday morning, as he stepped into the post-office, a letter was handed him from Littleton, N. H., written by the keeper of a public house there : Mr. Pitkin — Sir : — Mr. John Cotton has left your sleigh and harness here, and you can have them by calling for them. Yours, &c., John Newton. He started for Littleton the same day, some 40 miles, found the sleigh and har- ness safe, with no encumbrance. The landlord said the Wednesday night pre- vious, at 12 o'clock, a man calling himself John Cotton came to his house, calling for horse-baiting and supper. He would not stay till morning, but wished to leave the sleigh and harness for Mr. Pitkin, of Marshfield, Vt. He also requested the landlord to write to Mr. Pitkin, and said he could not write, and that he took them for Mr. Pitkin on a poor debt, and started oif at 2 o'clock at night, on horseback, with an old pair of saddle-bags and a horse-blanket on a saddle with one stirrup, and no crupper, on one of the coldest nights of that winter. None of the other men to whom he was indebted received anything from him, or ever heard from him after. [This brief sketch of this so worthy man cannot be better completed than by the following lines we have in our possession, which were written by Mrs. Pitkin after his death :] "I have loved tliee on Earth, May I meet thee in Heaven! " Thrice, since tliey.Iaid liim with the dead. Have Autumn's goldeu slieaves been laded. Thrice have the spring-birds come and flown. And thrice the flowrets bloomed and faded. Yet, yet the far-off birds returning, The harvest sunset gilded o'er, The flowrets springing, blooming, fading, But whisper, " he will come no moi-e." That hymn of praise, that voice in prayer. On memory's zephyrs back to me, Thrilling my inmost soul, they come Like midnight music on the sea. In these dear haunts, besiile this hearth. There is for me no answering tone. We knelt together by her grave, I weep and pray by theirs alone! Oh, " pure in heart," in purpose firm. To nic be thy meek mantle given ; One faith, one hope was ours on earth, God grant us one bless'd home in Heaven. In the winter of 1866, a lodge of Good Templars was organized here. Good has been accomplished, and it is hoped much more may yet be done. The present num- ber of members is 10 1. VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. DEA. GIDEON SPENCER Came first to Marshfield from East Hart- ford, Conn., in company with Caleb and Martin Pitkin in the spring of 1792. That summer and the next they worked clear- ing land, and preparing for the coming of their families, returning for them in the fall. February, 1794, Mr. Spencer, Caleb Pitkin and Aaron Elmer removed their families to this wilderness, and commenced the settlement of Marshfield. From Mont- pelier they came with hand-sleds without roads over snow 4 feet deep. Daniel, old- est child of the Spencer family, was 4 years old. This family had the first daughter, born in town, and their son, Horace, was born the day the town was organized. Their location was a mile from either of the other settlers. So neighborly were the bears, Mr. Spencer found it necessary to take his gun when going after his cow, which had the whole forest for pasture. He was chosen deacon of the Congrega- tional church, soon after its organization ; was active in sustaining meeting, and at- tained the great age of 90 years. His wife, a daughter of Capt. Isaac Marsh, a woman of energetic and social habits, died at the age of 86. CALEB PITKIN married Hannah, daughter of Capt. Isaac Marsh, and came first to Marshfield as a surveyor. He was rather retiring in his manners, but had a vein of pleasantry which made him agreeable company, and he had a good education for the .times. He was a good reader, and often when no minister was present, read the Sunday sermon. His trade was a mason, and the original stone-chimneys of the first dwellings were laid by him. His wife was social, and a worker. He re- moved to Peacham a few years before his death, Apr. 1813, at the age of 40. His widow returned to Marshfield, and lived some years after the decease of her hus- band. The oldest son, James, still lives on the old place. One son, a physician, has deceased, and a daughter lives in Burlington. JOSHUA PITKIN, ESQ., born in East Hartford, Conn., arrived with his wife and three children in Marsh- field on the 1st of Mar., 1795, and located where Wm. Haskins now lives. Not a tree was felled on the lot, excepting what had been felled by hunters in trapping for furs ; but he went to work and soon had a spot cleared, a log-house up and ready to occupy. He raised a large family, and resided on the same place till his death. He kept the first public house in town, and was the first justice of peace. He and his exemplary wife united with the Congregational church. She died about 182 1, and he married again. He com- menced a journal of his life and busi- ness Mar. 28, 1796. The last record is dated June 10, 1847. He died June 25, 1847. His last words were, " I know that my Redeemer liveth," etc. Dea. Pitkin of Montpelier, his second son, kept the first store in town. None of his descend- ants remain in Marshfield. HON. STEPHEN PITKIN came with his wife into this town March i, 1795. He had a large farm, pleasantly located, where Bowman Martin now re- sides. He was very well educated for the times, and possessed of a strong mind, and great energy. His keen eye, and commanding look gave evidence he was one to lead others, rather than one to be led. His influence was great in the busi- ness transactions of the town. He was the first town representative ; held the office in all, 13 years; was first militia captain, eventually became a major, and was assistant county judge 4 years. He was considerate of the poor, and the writer is informed by his nephew, James Pitkin, Esq., that in the cold season of i8i6and'i7, when almost no provisions were raised, he bought salmon at Mont- pelier by the barrel, when he had to be trusted for it himself, and sold it out to those in need, taking his pay when they could work for it. He continued to reside on the same farm till his death, which took place May 22, 1834, age 62. He raised a family of 13 children, 12 of his own, one MARSHFIELD. 213 dying in infancy, and one, the motherless babe of his brother, Levi, he and his ex- cellent wife adopted and brought up as their own. His oldest son, Horace, set- tled in town, but after a few years, re- moved to Central Ohio, where he recently died. His second son, Edwin, an enter- prising citizen, settled in town, raised a large and intelligent family, was consider- ably in town business, — and was for many years the principal surveyor in the vicinity. He died a few years since. His third son, Truman, settled in Marshfield first, sub- sequently in Montpelier, where he died, leaving 3 sons and one daughter. One of his sons. Gen. P. P. Pitkin, resides in Montpelier, and the other two at the West. His 4th son, Stephen Pitkin, Jr., will be particularly mentioned in another place in this history. The two youngest sons went West, where one died a number of years since. Three daughters still live, one in Iowa, and two in Massachusetts. CAPT. STEPHEN RICH, born in Sutton, Mass., at 15 became a soldier in the Revolutionary war, as a sub- stitute for his father. He was at the taking of Burgoyne, and in a number of other battles. He came to Marshfield in Feb. 1798, and settled where his grandson Samuel D. Hollister now resides. He was the first selectman of Marshfield and first town clerk; held the ofl!ice 7 years. His only son George, was also town clerk 7 years. He removed to Montpelier, where he died. Capt. Rich filled various town offices, and was an esteemed citizen. He accumulated a large property, and had, besides the son mentioned, a family of five daughters. He resided where he first settled till his death, at the age of 83. His wife, a woman of uncommon energy, sur- vived some years after his decease. CAPT. JOSIAH HOLLISTER. Corn in E. Hartford, Ct., came to Marsh- field about the year 1806. He married Phebe, daughter of Capt. Stephen Rich, in 1809. He acquired a large property, was respected by his townsmen, and had a fair share of town offices. He represented the town in the legislature of the State 2 years, and was chosen captain of a com- pany of cavalry. He died at the age of 52. HON. HORACE HOLLISTER. Born in E. Hartford, Ct.,in 1791 ; when a young man came to Marshfielcl, and re- sided one year with his brother Josiah, and then returned to Ct. ; was married to Ruth P., daughter of Capt. Stephen Rich, and moved to Colebrook, N. H., first in 1817, and to Marshfield in 1821. Like his brother, he was very successful, shared largely in the confidence of the people, and was very much in public business. He was a man who had an opinion of his own, and dared express it. He was elect- ed to most of the town offices ; was over- seer of the poor many years ; also, assistant judge 2 years, and senator 2 years. He died recently, aged 76. HON. WILLIAM MARTIN. BY MRS. SOLOMON WELLS, OF PLAINFIELD. Among the early settlers of Marshfield, was Wm. Martin, born in Francistown, N. H., July 28, 1786. In 1800, his father and family moved to the frontiers of Ver- mont. William worked out mostly till 21, to help support his father's family. He worked at South Boston a part of the time, and on the first canal that was built at Cambridge, and went to Canada, owing to the scarcity of money in Vermont, and worked. He had no education except what he picked up, without attending school. At 18, he enlisted in a company of cavalry ; was chosen at once an officer, and rose from one grade of office to an- other to colonel. At the time of Presi- dent Monroe's visit to Vermont, he com-* manded the company that escorted him into Montpelier, and took dinner with the President. He continued in the militia, was in the war of 18 12, and at the battle of Plattsburgh. In 1809, he married Sabra Axtell, of Marshfield, and moved that summer to Plainfield, where he lived 4 years, and then bought a farm in Marshfield, about a mile above Plainfield village, where he re- sided till 1840. His farm was one of the finest upon the head waters of the Win- ooski. He had 5 boys and 2 girls, two :i4 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. of whom are now dead. He held many of the town offices ; was constable and col- lector 25 years; 12 years representative, and a number of times was one of the as- sistant judges of the County Court. Up to 1840, much of his time was spent in public business. He then moved to Mont- pelier (now E. Montpelier,) afterwards returned to Marshfield, but finally removed to Rockton, 111., where he now resides. His wife is still living (1869,) but has been blind for 16 years. He is a man of fine social qualities, and was always hospitable and kind to the poor. He acquired a handsome property, and an accuracy in doing business which but few men possess. He was many years a member of the Con- gregational churchkin Plainfield. JACOB PUTNAM, ESQ. BY HON. E. D. PUTNAM, OF MONTPELIER. 'My father, Jacob Putnam, moved from Alstead, N. H., to Marshfield, with his family, himself and wife, 3 boys and 3 girls, in the spring of 1820. He also brought with him his father and mother, Joseph and Miriam Putnam. They were among the first settlers of Hancock, N. H., where my father was born in 1784. He bought the farm of James English, Esq., on the river road, 2 miles south of the vil- lage, 220 acres, for which he paid $1,400. He afterwards sold 50 acres, and the remain- der was sold in 1868 for $6,200. This is about a fair sample of the rise of real estate in the town in the last 50 years. Mr. Eng- lish moved to the village, and built a house and wheelwright shop. There were at ^that time a saw and grist-mill, and only two houses within what are now the limits of the village. The land where the vil- lage now stands was then but partially cleared, and there were no settlements east of the river, except in the extreme N. E. and S. E. corners of the town, and there was but little money in the country. Most of the business transactions were in neat stock and grain. When anything of any considerable value was bought on credit (as was usually the case,) notes were generally given, payable in neat stock in Oct., or grain in Jan. following. When the prices of the stock could not be agreed upon by the parties, three men were se- lected as appraisers, their appraisal to be binding upon the parties. , A pair of good oxen were worth about $50 to $60 ; cows, $12 to $15 ; corn and rye were worth 5octs. per bushel ; oats, 20 cents ; potatoes, 12 to 20 cents. Good crops of wheat were gen- erally raised in town, and I can recollect of wheat being carried as late as 1824, to Troy, N. Y., for a market. There was no manufacturing to any considerable extent done in this country as early as 1820. Nearly all the clothing was made at home by hand. The spinning-wheel and loom might be found in almost every house, and among my earliest recollections is the buzz of the wheel and the thumping of the old loom, and whenever there came a pleasant, sunny day in March, the flax-break might be heard at almost every farmer's barn, and very well do I recollect the " big bunches " of woolen and linen yarn which "ornamented" the kitchen of the old homestead, spun by my mother and sis- ters. The words of Proverbs, " She seek- eth wool and flax, and worketh diligently with her hands," were peculiarly applicable to my mother. In addition to making all the cloth for clothing the family, she made hundreds of yards of woolen and linen cloth, and exchanged it at the store for family necessaries. These days have passed. A spinning-wheel is 'rarely seen now ; if found at all, it is stowed away in some old garret, a relic, and the sewing- machine is annihilating the needle. Are people happier now than they were then? My father enjoyed the confidence of the public ; was town clerk 19 years, and oc- casionally held other town offices. He lived on the same place where he first bought 36 years, to the time of his death, in 1856, aged 72 years. My mother died in 1864, aged 81. They lived together 52 years. Their children are all living, except the eldest son, Thomas B., who died Apr. 30, 1830. The youngest son, A. F. Put- nam, is the present postmaster of Marsh- field. My grandfather died in 1826, aged 83 years; my grandmother in 1835, aged 91. MARSHFIELD. 215 JONATHAN GOODWIN, ESQ. BY MKS. H. L. GOODWIN. Jonathan Goodwin was born at Con- cord, N. H., May 27, 1784, where he passed his youth and early manhood. He was one of a large family. Were it not for the experience of the late war, it would be difficult for a person in these days to realize the bitterness of party-spirit and controversy, even among kindred, which existed before and during the war of 1812. At a family gathering where politics were discussed, Jonathan being a Democrat, and the other members of the family Fed- eralists, a brother remarked, "as there was a prospect of war, it would be a good time for him to show his patriotism and courage, if he had any." He replied, "it was a pity those who had so much sympa- thy for the enemies of their country, were not in a position to afford them the aid and assistance they would naturally wish to give." These remarks were never for- gotten. Jonathan enlisted as recruiting sergeant, was afterwards lieutenant and captain; was stationed at Saco, Me., Bos- ton and Plattsburgh. At the latter he re- ceived an injury from which he never re- covered, and was a pensioner the remain- der of his life. It is worthy of remark that during the 7 years he was in the United States' service, although at that time the custom of using ardent spirits was almost universal, he never indulged in it, not even after being assured by his physician that probably he would not survive the cam- paign without it. In 18 14, his family moved from Concord, N. H., to Randolph, Vt. After his discharge he removed to Chelsea, and in 1839, to this town to re- side with his eldest son. The following summer they built a house, and occupied it one winter. In April it was burned. It was burned on Saturday. The next day. Elder Capron announced from his pulpit that on Monday the inhabitants would meet to assist Messrs. Goodwin in getting out timber for another house-frame. On Monday, men enough came to cut the timber, hew it, frame it, draw it over a mile, and raise a house, 28 by 34 feet, in a day. He passed the remainder of his life in Marshfield ; was justice of peace, town clerk 2 years, postmaster 2 years, and often administered on the estates of the deceased, and gave general satisfaction. Although in early life his opportunities for education were limited, he was a person of more than ordinary information, especially in history and the Bible, of which he was a daily student. In early life he united with the Baptist church in Concord, but during a season of religious interest in Chelsea, was drawn to a more thorough examination of the Scrip- tures than ever before, which led to his embracing the doctrine of the final re- demption of all, in which belief he after- wards continued till his death, Jan. 1867, aged 82, generally respected as a man and a Christian. REV. MARCUS M. CARLETON, .son of Jeremiah Carleton, Esq., was born in Marshfield, 1826. When about 15, he made a profession of religion, uniting with the Congregational church in Barre, where he resided with his uncle. He soon after decided to be a foreign missionary, and from hence devoted all his energies to pro- curing a suitable education. He first en- tered Middlebury College, but removed to Amherst College, Massachusetts, where he graduated, and on account of a chronic cough went south to study theology at Columbia, S. C. After finishing his course, he offered himself to the Congregational Board for foreign missions, but was not accepted, they fearing his health would fail ; but determined in his resolutions he offered himself immediatqly to the Presby- terian Board by whom he was accepted, and sailed for India in 1865, where he has labored most of the time since. He was stationed first in Ambalia city, but the mission seeing him eminently fitted for an itinerant, set him apart for that work after a few years, since which he has lived most of the time in a tent, travelling from vil- lage to village in Ambalia district, in- structing and preaching to the people, and having studied medicine, .finding it very advantageous to him in his ministeral 2l6 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. labors among the inhabitants, he also ad- ministers to them as a physician — some- times his family accompany him in the tent ; but during the hot season they gen- erally remain among the mountains, where he sometimes rests with them during the hottest period. [An account of his family we will not repeat here, as we have already given the same in a notice of Rev. Mr. Carleton with his family in Barre — See No. I, of this vol. p. 40. A member of the Carleton family tells me he is a man of herculean frame — physically and mentally a very strong man. In a letter to his father in 1879, an extract of which lies before me, he speaks o^ his good health as a source of great joy — seems to luxu- riate body and soul in his nomadic preach- ing life.] MARSHFIELD MILITARY RECORD. SOLDIERS OF l8l2. This place furnished 8 : Abijah Bemis, Phineas Bemis, Obadiah Bemis, David Cutting, John Waugh, Abijah Hall, Isaac Austin, and Philip Delan. Lewis Bemis, a brother of three of these soldiers, was also from this town, though he enlisted from Barnet. His father and friends all resided here, and he should have a notice here. He belonged to the old 4th regiment, which was sent out un- der Col. Miller to the then territory of Ohio, to look after the Indians who were making depredations on the frontier set- tlements. At one time they came to the dwelling of a Mr. Harriman, (whose wife was the daughter of Alexander Parker of Montpelier, and sister of Mrs. James Pit- kin of this town,) just about an hour after the savages had murdered and left him and his family. They pressed on, but failed to overtake the Indians, and soon after joined the main body under the infa- mous Gen. Hull on its way to Fort Detroit. Before arriving at Detroit, Col. Miller saw HulPs treachery, and accused him of it, and challenged him to fight a duel, both before and after their arrival, quite in vain ; he surrendered the fort and army without firing a gun. In that fort, among our men, were a number of British who had deserted and joined our army. The next morning, and two or three succeeding mornings, our army was paraded and the British officers walked along and inspected it, and when they saw a British soldier, he was tapped on the shoulder, and com- manded to step out. Where they had suspicions, and yet were not certain as to their being British subjects, they would question them. A number of times Mr. Bemis, though he never saw Ireland, was asked, '* In what town in Ireland were you born"? Each time his answer was, "I was born in Paxham, in Massachusetts." One poor fellow, the first time they came round, succeeded in squinting his eyes so as fairly to deceive them, and after that succeeded in slipping down an embank- ment just in the right time to- save his life. About 40 of these jDOor deserters were taken out and shot. The army, surren- dered by Hull, was then taken to Quebec, and confined in a prison-ship on the St. Lawrence, where they were allowed but one half pint of water per day, though their prison was floating on the river, and if any one attempted to let down a cup for water, he was shot down. Three-fourths of the prisoners eventually died from the cruelties there received. The rest were eventually exchanged. Jesse Webster died in Marshfield, Oct. 20, 1878, aged 83 years. He was one of the Plattsburgh volunteers, and had an application for pension pending at the time of his death. It is not known that any one enlisted from this town, in the war with Mexico. But when the great rebellion broke out, that intensity of feeling which thrilled from the prairies of the West to the shores of the Atlantic, found an answering tone among our hills, and by our firesides. And as call after call for reinforcements came, the father left his family, the son his pa- rents, in many cases, alas ! to return no more. They came in serried ranks, the boys in blue, Who at their country's call no danger knew ; Room ! room ! for Marshfield boys, our soldiers true. MARSHFIELD. 217 LIST OF SOLDIERS FURNISHED FOR WAR OF THE REBELLION. BY GEN. p. p. I'lTKlN, OF MONTPELIER. Alphonso Lessor, Co. D, 2d Reg. Pro. Lt, wd. Patrick Mahar, F, 2. Wd. & dis. Oct. 31, 62. Alvah H. Miles, F, 2. Chauncey Smith, D, 2. Died of disease in army. David P. Bent, G, 4. Died ; buried at Wash- ington. Byron Bullock, G, 4. Died of disease in army. Hiram Hall, H, 3. Died. John E. Aiken, G, 4. Robert A. Spencer, G, 4. Edward W. Bradley, F, 6. Wounded. Homer Hollister, F, 6. Wounded in hand. Asa H. Winch, ist Bat. Died at New Orleans. Joshua D. Dunham, 2d Bat. Died at New Orleans. George W. Nownes, C, First Cav. Ira Batchelder, C, First Cav. Wounded. Josiah O. Livingston, I, 9. Pro. Capt. Co. G, Oct. 19, '64. George N. Carpenter, I, 9. Pro. ist. Lieut. Benjamin F. Huntington, I, 9. Vilas Smith, I, 9. Lost overboard Steamer U. S. near Fortress Monroe. John Q. Amidon, I, 11. Jackson Blodgett, I, 11. Died. George H. Wheeler, I, 11. Harvey L. Wood, I, 11. Deserted. Benj. F. Shephard, Jr., I, 11. Died in Hosp. at Montpelier. Robert H. Tibbetts, I, 11, Killed in battle. Alvah A. Cole, I, 11. Elbridge G. Wilson, I, 11. Killed in battle. p-rancis H. Felix, I, 11. Injured in shoulder. John W. Huntington, I, 11. Lorenzo D. Mallory, C, ist Cav. Pris'nr at Andersonville ; exch'd, died on way home. William R. Gove, C, ist Cav. Charles Nownes, C, ist Cav. Thaddeus S. Bullock, G, 4. Died in hospital. Nathaniel Robinson, G, 4. Ball in hand, cannot be extracted. Calvin R. Hills, G, 4. Wounded. William A. Webster, A, 4. Died at Ander- sonville. Wesley P. Martin, G, 4. David B. Merrill, A, 4. Smith Ormsbee, G, 4. Shot on picket, died from wound. Samuel Wheeler, A, 4. John Bancroft, C, Cav. Died. Parker S. Dow, C, 8 Regt. Frederick H. Turner, H, 11. David K. Lucas, 3d Bat. Edmund H. Packer, 3d Bat. Allen Phelps, Frontier Cav, Moses Lamberton, do. do. Edward L. Wheeler, do. do. Leonard H. Fulsome, do. do. Frank L. Batchelder, E, 4 Regt. Ira Ainsworth, E, 4. Patrick Moore, D, 8. Lysander E. Walbridge, E, 8. Theron T. Lamphere, E, 8. Hiram Graves, K, 2. Thomas Witham, K, 2. Died, prisoner. 28 George H. Nelson, D, 2. Badly wounded. David Powers, D, 2. Henry A. Rickard, D, 2. Joseph S. M. Benjamin, B, Cav. Francis H. Ketchum, C, " Badly wound- ed with shell. Eri McCrillis, C, Cav. Died at Andersonville. Geo. W. Nownes, C, Cav. Died Andersonv'e. Cyrus Farnsworth, H, 4 Regt. Horace Burnham, C, Cav. Charles M. Wing, B, Cav. Leg broken. Norman W. Johnson, F, 2 Regt. Ball thro, body and wrist, lived. John O. Morse, I, 9. Died. James H. Carpenter, H, 11. John Graves, Jr. H, 1 1. Died at Andersonville. Solon H. Preston, H, 11. William W. Willey, H, 11. Walter H. Morris, G. 3. Wounded. Charles H. Newton, G, 4. Wn'ded with shell. James Aylward, E, 17. Died. John H. Amidon, I, 11. Charles T. Clark, E, 17. Died. James Clark, C, 17. Died. William G. French, E, 17. Died. Clark J. Foster, E, 17. Badly wn'ded in leg. Benj. F. Huntington, E, 17. Daniel Hogan, E, 17. Wm. E. Martin, E, 17. ist Lieut.; killed be- fore Petersburg. Harvey L. Batchelder, C, 13. Martin L. Chandler, " " Eli S. Pitkin, C, 13. Charles A. Davis, C, 13. Hudson J. Kibbee, " " Sereno W. Gould, " " Charles E. Shephard, C, 13. Albert Sargeant, C, 13. Willard M. Austin, C, 13. Orson Woodcock, " " Rufus H. Farr, C, 13. Benjamin B. Buzzell, C, 13. David Huntington, " " Joseph Simmons, C, 13. Lucius D. Nute, " " In 1863 a draft was ordered ; 34 men were drafted, but only one, Cottrill Clif- ford, went into the service ; 22 paid their commutation money. Clifford served his time, was discharged, and accidentally killed on his way home. I do not find his name in our list of soldiers ; probably he was put in to fill up some regiment sep- arately from our other men. There went out 98 from us, 28 of whom never returned. A few were brought back to be buried, but most of our dead sleep on Southern soil. In the vigor of young manhood they went, one and another, who were household treasures. "The loved of all, yet none O'er their low bed may weep." Perhaps the last news of them was, " seen on the battle-field," or " taken prisoner," 2l8 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. and then long months elapsed ere one word could be heard to stay the anguish of suspense. At last came the fearful, "Died at Andersonville." MONTPELIER & WELLS RIVER RAILROAD. When the history of Marshfield was written eleven years ago, we had no rail- road. About this time a charter was granted for the Montpelier & Wells River road, which passes through our town about a mile from the village. The town bonded itself in the sum of $17,500, and private subscriptions made up the sum of $30,000. All is paid but about half the bonds. The first train of cars went through here Nov. 29, 1873. Of course the rejoicing was great. A year or two later we were connected with the rest of the world by telegraph. The advantage to the public is not easily estimated. The railroad is doing good business. L. D. Nute is station agent and telegraph operator. A private telegraph is owned and run by George A. Putnam and L. D. Nute, from the depbt to Put- nam's store, where the post-office is lo- cated. Mr. and Mrs. Putnam are telegraph operators. THE THANKS OF THE WRITER are due to James Pitkin, Andrew English and E. S. Pitkin, Esqs., and others, for the assistance rendered her in this work ; also to Miss Anna Pitkin, of Montpelier, for the loan of her father's journal. [We have known our excellent historian- ess of Marshfield more than 20 years. Mrs. Pitkin was a favorite contributor in our "Poets and Poetry of Vermont," (1858,) in which see from her pen, " The Young Emigrant," " The Fugitive Slave," pages 333, 334. So well has Mrs. Pitkin written for us, and for the Montpelier papers in the past, Z/ofPs Herald and other papers, we cannot forbear, not solicited by her, but of our own good will, to place a little group selected from her poems at the foot of her history here — Ed.] A THOUGHT. BY MES. HANNAH C. PITKIN. For tliee, busy man, in a forest lone A shoot liatli started, a tree liatli grown. Tlie axe-nian, percliance, may liave laid it low For thy narrow house— it is ready now. All ready— but mortal, art thou, art thou? Maiden, thy dream of affection so warm, Trust not. The shroud to envelop thy form Is woven, is coming, by wind or wave; 'Tis thine, by a stamp which no mortal gave, Thou canst not turn from the path to the grave. Art thou tolling for wealth, the weary day. Or tliirsting for fame— there's a pillow of clay On a lowly bed, 'tis waithig thee there. The mould and the worm tliy pillow will share; Spirit, Oh, wliere is thy refuge — Oh, where ? TO THE itinerant's WIFE. BY MBS. H. C. PITKIN. Out on the ocean, dark and wild A little bark was driven. One kindly star looked out and smiled A precious boon from heaven ; It warned of threatening near. Just, just in time the rocks to clear. 1 stood upon a point of land Where ocean billows came, A beauteous wave just kissed the strand. Then seaweed swept again. 'Twas gone, to come again no more, But left a gem upon the shore. A wanderer lone mid desert's waste, Beneatli a burning sky. Sank down at last despairingly. He felt that he must die. My Island Home, so dear to me, I never, never more may seel Oh God : he cried. A tiny flower Just caught his closing eye, And in its winsome loveliness. It seemed to whisper " try." God lives, take heart, so o'er the main He found his Island Home agajn. So sister, like the star be thine To bless the tempest driven. And point to poor despairing ones The narrow way to Heaven. And in the wanderer's darkest hour. Sweetly to win him like the flower. In blessing be thou ever blest, Cheer age, and counsel youth. And ever where thy pathway lies, Scatter the gems of truth. And hear, when Death is lost in Life Blessings on the Itinerant's Wife. from an historical account of marshfield. CONTRIBUTED BY REV. GEO. E. FORBES IN 1879. [After the Legislature of Vermont had approbated and passed the General Res- olutions of 1878, to assist in finishing this work, the MS. history of Mrs. Pitkin, fur- nished to us for the work in i86q, havingf MARSHFIELD. 219 been sent to the Claremont Manufacuring Company of New Hampshire, and by them withheld four years, with the other Wash- ington County papers sent, under their proposition to immediately print. We wrote to Mrs. Pitkin for a duplicate of her history. Unable, from the infirmities of her age and feebleness, from fully under- taking to so do, she engaged the assist- ance of Rev. Mr. Forbes, who gave us a very reliable and pleasant paper of about half the length of Mrs. Pitkin's paper, with which we were pleased and should have published, had we not fortunately mean- time recovered Mrs. Pitkin's papers, which as they are the fullest record, as she was first invited to write, and is so eminently a Washington County woman, daughter of old Gen. Parley Davis, of Montpelier, and a long-time honored and beloved res- ident of Marshfield, we are assured no other writer could be so acceptable to Marshfield, and none other to the County, and so have given the papers of Mrs. Pit- kin in full, nearly ; and will here but ap- pend a few extracts from the paper by Mr. Forbes, containing information or points in it not in Mrs. Pitkin's paper; while we feel to express under the circumstances more thanks to Mr. Forbes than if able to give his paper more fully — Ed.] Marshfield is situated in the eastern part of the County, and lies on both sides ot the Winooski river, which flows through it from north to south. The soil is a mix- ture of clay and loam ; the surface broken and hilly, is divided into productive farms. The river valley, and that part of the town lying west of it, contains the best tillage land, which has very largely been brought under cultivation. The eastern part, more rocky, is used principally for pasturage ; although in the eastern part in some sec- tions there are some good farms. The original forests were heavy timbered with maple, beech, birch, spruce and hem- lock, and some elm, fir, cedar and pine. In the eastern part there yet remains a considerable growth of spruce and hem- lock, but it is rapidly being cut off for lum- ber. Sugar-maples are to be found in all parts of the town, producing quite as abundantly of sugar as in any other part of New England. Besides the Winooski river privileges there are two or three streams which fur- nish good water-power the larger part of the year. It has not been utilized to any large extent, however, hence the town is not noted for its manufacturing interests. Molly's Falls, on Molly's brook, about a mile from the village, in a distance of 30 rods the water falls between 200 and 300 feet in a series of beautiful cascades. During high water the roar of these falls can be heard for several miles. A good view of these falls can be obtained from the road leading to Cabot. There is also a very pretty cascade on Nigger-head brook, about a third of a mile south of the village, where it is crossed by the road leading to the depot. The town has only one village, which is situated on the Winooski river, about a mile from the Cabot line. The Montpelier & Wells River R. R. crosses the town, running nearly parallel with the river from Plain- field until within a mile of the village, when it makes almost a right angle to the east, passing Nigger-head pond, and thread- ing its way through a notch in the moun- tains to the Connecticut river. The Marsh- field station on this road is one mile from the village, and 15 miles from Montpelier. It is not known what white men first visited the town's location. This town- ship was purchased of the Stockbridge Indians, (see Mrs. Pitkin's paper,) but it is not certain whether these Indians ever occupied this territory. At the time of the purchase by Mr. Marsh, they were resi- dents of New Stockbridge, Montgomery Co., N. Y. When the first settlers picked their dwelling-places, Mr. Pitkin settled upon the river near the place where Bowman P. Martin now resides ; Messrs. Dodge and Spencer settled further south and west on the higher land. Here was the birth-place of the first child born in town, a son to Mr. and Mrs. Ebenezer Dodge, Sept. 17, 1794, the place of his birth about a mile north of Plainfield village ; the place is still owned by descendants of the Dodge family. The first " burying-ground " was pur- chased by, and for the use of the town. The first interment therein that has a stone to mark the spot was the infant twin sons VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. of Joshua and Ruth Pitkin, died January 9, 1800. Stephen Pitkin, Jr., donated the land for the village cemetery, and the first interment in it was liis adopted daughter, Eunice Sweeny. There have been five church organiza- tions in town. At present there are but three, as the Christian, and Calvinistic Baptist have become extinct. There have been 1 1 school districts in town. The pres- ent number is 10, each of which has a school of from 20 to 30 weeks per year. The school ir} village district has two de- partments, but employs two teachers only during the winter term, as a rule. The town has no academy, but competent teachers hold select schools at frequent intervals, affording educational facilities for those wishing to remain in towji. And the seminaries at Montpelier and Barre, as well as academies in the vicinity, have drawn a considerable number of students from this town. There are but two per- sons, however, from this town who have received a full collegiate education. Rev. Marcus M. Carleton, missionary in India, and Prof. Curtis C. Gove, Principal of High School at Westport, N. Y. The principal business of the town has been, and still is, farming. At present there is but little manufacturing being done. There is i boot-shop for making men's thick boots and overshoes, 2 harness-shops, i tin-shop, I photograph saloon, 2 cooper- shops, where are manufactured butter and sugar- tubs, and sap-buckets. Six saw- mills, one clap-board and three shingle mills. Two of the saw-mills are run by steam ; the rest by water-power ; one cheese-factory, and i starch factory. There is I blacksmith shop, 2 wheelwright shops, and 3 carpenter-shops. There is a hotel, and a patent medicine laboratory. There are 3 stores, and 3 churches. The town cannot boast of a lawyer. It has 3 doctors, Asa Phelps and George^ M. Town, allo- pathic ; J. Q. A. Packer, homoeopathic. The town representatives from 1870 to 1879 have been: Moody Bemis, George A. Putnam, L. W. Pitkin, D. M. Perkins. The population in 1840, was 1,156; in 1850, 1,102; in i860, 1,160; in 1870, 1,072. The decrease which the census of 1870 shows, is doubtless owing to the abandonment of some of the smaller and most unproductive farms, and the Western emigration of many of the younger men. LEWIS BEMIS. There are a few pensioners of the war of 1812 yet living. One of the ''soldiers of this war, Lewis Bemis, enlisted at Barnet in 1808. His son, Daniel H. Bemis, of Lancaster, Mass., writes of him : "He enlisted at Barnet in 1808, and served 5 years in the 4th Reg't. of Regular U. S. Infantry. He was with Harrison in his march through the wilds of Ohio in pur- suit of the Indians, and was in the battle of Tippecanoe, when over half of the men in his company were killed or wounded. The man on either side was killed, and he was slightly wounded in the face by a rifle ball. He was in 11 battles and 13 skir- mishes with the Indians. He used to re- late to his children the story of the sol- diers' sufferings while on their march to join Hull, and through Ohio ; how their thirst was so intense, that when they reached Lake Erie, in spite of their offi- cers, large numbers threw themselves on the beach, and drank until they died from the effects of it. He was under Hull when he surrendered at Maiden, near Detroit, and was a prisoner 26 weeks, during which time he suffered greatly, both for want of water and decent food. Their bread, he used to say, bore the mark on the package in which it was enclosed, 1804. He was paroled, and went from Halifax to Boston, where he arrived a few days before the term of his enlistment expired. He soon after enlisted again in a Company of Light Artillery, with which he went up and joined Gen. Macomb's army the day before the battle of Plattsburg. A part of the bat- tery was stationed at the bridge-head at Plattsburg, and the remainder sent to Bur- lington, to prevent the British from land- ing and destroying that place. He was with that portion of the battery sent to Burlington, and so did not have any active part in tlie battle ; but assisted in burying the dead. He was one of the party who MARSIIFIKLD. buried the British dead after the engage- ment. He was discharged after peace was ratified, having served in all about 6 years and 6 months ; 5 years under the first enhstment in the 4th Infantry, and 18 months in the Light I5attery. He died in 1855, at Clinton, Mass., where he is l)uried, aged 7^:' IRA SMITH. BY nP.V. GEOllGE E. FORBES. He was the son of Joshua and Keturah Smith; was born in Woodstock, Conn., Jan. 22, 1800. At 1 1 years, he came with his parents to Marshfield. They moved on to the farm now owned and occupied by J. E. Eddy. During his minority, Ira worked on the farm summers and attended .school winters until he was 18. The school- liouse then stood near the present resi- dence of Webster Haskins. Soon after there was a school-house erected where the village now stands, in which he taught the first school. He was paid in grain, to the value of $12 per month, boarding him- self. In 1821, he purchased 300 acres of wild land lying around the present site of the Marshfield depot, which he cleared, and cultivated 15 acres, .spending apart of his time there, and the balance in working out, until he was 29, when, Jan. 4, 1829, he was married to Hannah Jacobs, and they settled at first on his cleared land, but a short time after, as he purchased, and they removed to, the home of his parents, where they lived 11 years. For about 4 years after selling the home farm, he rented different places, but in 1844, pur- chased a farm on which the remainder of his life was spent. He died Sept. 18, 1880, leaving a widow, one son, Orrin, who lives on the homestead, and two daughters, now Mrs. Levi Benton, of Marshfield, and Mrs. C. H. Newton, of Montpelier. One son died in the army, and a daughter married E. B. Dwinell, but died a few years after, and 4 children died quite young. Mr. Smith held many of the town offices, being regarded by the citizens as a man of worth and integrity. He represented the town in the Legislature during 1844-5. I" pol- itics he was a Democrat, and never failed by his vote to express his faith in the doc- trines of his party. His last public act was to rise from the sick bed to which he had been confined for several days, and go to the polls to deposit his ballot for the several State officers. He believed in the vital principles of religion, but in accord- ance with the general character of the man, his faith found expression in deeds rather than in word. In religious sym- pathy he was a Universalist, and gave his influence and means to promote the inter- ests of that society in town. His morals were always above reproach. He was temperate in deed and in word ; drank no intoxicating liquors, no tea or coffee, and never used tobacco in any form ; was fru- gal and industrious, and consequently was enabled to acquire a good property, while generously responding to many calls for the promotion of educational and benev- olent enterprises. He possessed an indomitable will and wonderful endurance from the time that he hired out as a laborer, at 9 years of age, until he abandoned active toil, a short time before his death. He met all duties with a manly spirit, and evinced his willing- ness to obey the primal law of life — labor. He had a remarkably strong constitution, and when his "golden wedding" was cel- ebrated in 1879, he seemed nearly as hale and hearty as a man of 60 years, though even then there were premonitory symp- toms of the disease which caused his death. For nearly 2 years he suffered from a cancer on the lower lip, and during the latter half of this time, especially, did he endure extreme pain and inconvenience in taking food. But under all these trials he exhibited great fortitude, and died re- signed to his Maker's will. His funeral was attended by a large concourse of cit- izens besides the numerous relatives, thus testifying of the esteem in which he was held by the entire community. The fun- eral services were brief; no formal eulogy was pronounced ; his life had preached its sermon, and with a few words of comfort to the bereaved ones, the last sad rites were ended, and the body of this worthy man was borne to its final resting-place. His age was 81 years. "Though dead, he 222 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. yet speaketh," in his good, solid, practical life. UNIVERSALIST CHURCH. CONTINUED. The Rev. Geo. E. Forbes continued as pastor until May, 1880. For i year suc- ceeding this date the church had only oc- casional preaching services, and during this time its numbers were diminished by the death of two members. In May, 1881, the Rev. Eli Ballou, D. D., was engaged as pastor for one-half the time. This en- gagement continues at present, (Aug. 18, 1881.) MARSHFIELD VOTED FOR THE GAZETTEER at the town-meeting held March 4, 1879, to send a subscription to. Miss Hemenway for the whole work, attested by E. L. Smith, town clerk. MIDDLESEX. BY STEPHEN HERRICK, ESQ. The town of Middlesex was chartered June 8, 1763, by Benning Wentworth, Esq., then Governor of the Province of New Hampshire, to the following grantees : Jacob Rescaw, Benjamin Crane, 3d, Seth Trow, Richard Johnson, Lawrence Eg- bert, Jr., James Campbell, David Ogden, Matthias Ross, Jonathan Skinner, Jehial Ross, Ebenezer Canfield, Daniel Ogden, Jonathan Dayton, Jr., Lawrence Egbert, Samuel Crowell, William Bruce, Robert Earl, Patridge Thacher, Joshua Horton, Job Wood, George Ross, Cornelius Lud- low, Nathaniel Barrett, Esq., Jeremiah Mulbard, John Roll, Jr., Joseph New- march, Nathaniel Little, Henry Earl, Richard Jennee, Esq., Gilbert Ogden, John Little, George Frost, Daniel Ball, Samuel Little, 3d, David Morehouse, Jr., Thomas Woodruff, John Force, Joseph Raggs, Jr., Capt. Isaac Woodruff, Daniel P. Eunice, Jacob Brookfield, Jonathan Dayton, 3d, Isaac Winors, Samuel Meeker, Jr., David Loomeris, John Cory. Jr., Alexknder Car- miea, David Bonnel, James Seward, Ste- phen Potter, Nathaniel Potter, Stephen Wilcocks, Thomas Dean, Jonas Ball, Amos Day, John David Lamb, William Lamb, William Brand, James Colie, Jr., William Hand, Robert French, Samuel Crowell, Jonathan Woodruff, Ezekiel Ball, Aaron Barnett. THOMAS MEAD AND THE FIRST SETTLERS. The first settler in this town 20 years subsequent to the above date made his first settlement here. Having succeeded in finding one of the best lots of land in Washington County, on the Onion River, 5 miles from Montpelier village, here Mr. Thomas Mead made his excellent location. The second settler, Jonah Harrington, chose his location about 2^ miles from Montpelier on a superior lot of land. Seth Putnam came soon after with three brothers, Ebenezer, Jacob and Isaac, who were soon followed by Ephraim Willey, Ebenezer Woodbury, Ira Hawks, Solomon Lewis, Samuel Mann, Isaac Bidwell, Henry Perkins, Daniel Harrington, Samuel Mon- tague, Nathaniel Carpenter, Daniel Smith, Hubbard Willey, Asa Harrington, Joseph Chapin, William Holden, Lovewell War- ren, Jesse Johnson, Joseph Hubbard, David Harrington, Jonathan Fisher, Isaac Bidwell, Oliver Atherton, Robert McEIroy, Nathan Huntley. organization of the town. Copy of a record in the town clerk's of- fice in Middlesex : To SetJi Putnajii, Esq.: — Sir — We, the Inhabitants of the town of Middlesex, petition your honor to grant a Warrant for the purpose of calling a town-meeting in .said town of Middlesex on Monday, the 29 of March instant, at ten of the clock in the morning, for the purpose of Organization of said Town. Edmond Holden, Levi Putnam, Samuel Harris, Isaac Putnam. Chittenden, March 15th, 1790. In pursuance ofthe foregoing Petition, By the authority of the state of Vermont, you are hereby directed to warn all the free- Holders and other inhabitants of the town of Middlesex to meet at the dwelling-house of Seth Putnam, Esq., in said Middlesex, on Monday, the 29th day of March Instant, at ten of the clock in the morning. Firstly to choose a moderator to govern said meeting. 2dly, tq choose a town Clerk, Select- men, Town treasurer, and all other Town ofiicers according to Law, and of your do- ings herein make due return according to Law. Given under my hand at said Middlesex, this 15th day of March, A. D., 1790. To Levi Putnam, freeholder of the Town of Middlesex. Seth Putnam, Justice of the Peace. MIDDLESEX. 223 Served the within Warrant by notifying the inhabitants by setting up a true copy at my dwelHng house in Middlesex. March i6th, 1790. Levi Putnam, Freeholder. Mar. 29, 1790, According to within war- rant being met, made choice of Levi Put- nam, Modera'r ; Seth Putnam, Town Clerk ; Thomas Mead, Levi Putnam and Seth Putnam, selectmen ; Edmond Holden, con- stable and collector of taxes ; Lovewell Warren, Town Treasurer ; Jonas Harring- ton, Surveyor. Attest, Seth Putnam, T. C. Recorded May 7th, 1790. I find by the records in the town clerk's office that the honorable Seth Putnam was chosen to represent the town of Middlesex on the first day of September, 1807, and that the number of votes cast for repre- sentative was 30. The general reader will at first think it strange, to say the least, that the town had no representative till 1 7 years after its organization ; but may re- member Vermont was not admitted into the Union until Feb. 1791. Samuel Mann, one of the first settlers of the town, bought two lots of land 3 miles N. E. of Middlesex village. I bought the same lots Oct. 19, 1820, at which time I commenced an acquaintance with the in- habitants of Middlesex. I came into the town with my family Mar. 16, 1821. The venerable Thomas Mead was then very far advanced in years, and had a great number of children and grand-children. His son Thomas, and grand-son Thomas, lived in his house, and also Jacob Morris, who married his daughter, making in all four families. Mr. Thomas Mead was a church-going man and was much respected. There was no meeting-house in town until several years after I came, except a small house of one story, which was built by a very upright and benevolent man, SAMUEL HASKINS, who built it at his own expense to present to the Methodist church, which was then in a prosperous state here. He owned a saw-mill and grist-mill, and an oil-mill. While he was grinding large cakes of oil- meal, one of the stones, 6 feet or more in diameter, broke away from the axle-tree or shaft, and threw him backward against the oil-trough, and broke both of his legs. The stone which remained attached to the axle-tree rolled around swiftly against the other, crushing them nearly off, until the sufferer was released by a neighbor, who took away the stone and conveyed him to his house. Two physicians were soon in attendance ; both limbs were taken off, but the good man's sufferings soon ceased, and he passed away calmly. I was stand- ing by to behold the solemn sight, and could truly say : "How still and peaceful is tlie grave Wlien life's vain tumult all is passed; Tlie appointed liouse by Heaven's decree Receives us all at last." After the death of this generous man, the house was changed from a meeting- house to a dwelling-house, and thus re- mains. It stands near the S. E. corner of the town cemetery, owned and occupied by a grand-daughter of the deceased and her husband. LOVEWELL warren, one of the first settlers, was town treasurer in 1790. He was much esteemed by his neighbors. Leander Warren, a son of Lovewell, represented the town several times, and was much esteemed by his townsmen. Rufus Warren, a son of Le- ander, has also represented the town. HON. SETH PUTNAM had 3 sons. Holden, the oldest, repre- sented the town several times. Roswell, the second, was an estimable citizen, much esteemed, and the reverend George Put- nam was a minister of the Gospel, much esteemed. Hon. Seth Putnam made the town a present by deeding to the town a small lot of land for a cemetery, where his remains and the remains of a part of his family are buried. Their graves are en- closed by an iron fence. Almost all the first settlers of Middlesex were living here when I came. I think the number of men was about 210 who were heads of families, and they have all passed away from earth. WILLIAM HOLDEN, one of the first settlers, bought a lot of land about i^ miles from the village, the 224 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. farm now owned by William B. McEIroy. Mr. Holden had 5 sons, Horace, William, Xetxes, Moses and Philander. Horace Holden, chosen town clerk in March, 1820, held the office 32 years. At the end of 32 years, his son, William H. Holden, was chosen, and held the office 19 years. C. B. Holden, a son of Horace, held the office from March, 1873, to the time of his death, July 25, 1878, and. James H. Holden ap- pointed July 27, 1878, by the selectmen; held the office until September 3, 1878. Horace, William, Xerxes, Moses and C. li. Holden represented the town several times each, and have all passed away, and William H. Holden has also passed away. JOSEPH CHAPIN was born Oct. 28, 1758. His son, Joseph Chapin, Jr., was born June 25, in Weathers- field, Vt., in 1792. Joseph Chapin, Sr., settled in Middlesex when the town was quite new ; his .son, Joseph Chapin, Jr., was a farmer, and by industry and good economy, acquired a very handsome prop- erty for his children, and left a good name. His wife passed away many years before his departure. She was sister to Horace Holden. Joseph Chapin, Sr., lived to the age of 96 years, and was esteemed by all who knew him. Joseph Chajjin, Jr., had 2 sons. Hink- ley, the oldest, was killed instantly. He was a brakeman on the cars, and received the fatal blow when passing through or under a bridge. William Chapin, his son, still survives and has held many important offices in town. The Chapin family own lots in our beau- tiful cemetery, and the remains of their loved ones are deposited there. One of Joseph Chapin, Jr's., daughters, with her husband, Otis Leland, are living in sight of our beautiful cemetery, where they often visit the graves of their departed friends — their son, their parents and grand-parents, and brother who was killed on the cars. JEREMIAH LELAND, one of the first settlers, removed from Charlestown, N. H. He died soon after I came to Middlesex, respected by all who knew him ; left 3 sons, Rufus, James and Jeremiah, all of whom have long since passed away, esteemed by all, and their remains are deposited in our cemetery, with the remains of all their partners in life. James, son of Jeremiah, was never married. Jeremiah, Jr., has left4 sons, all now living, two of whom have rejDresented the town, and Rufus has left two sons, who are now living, worthy men, much esteemed. EBENEZER PUTNAM, a brother of Col. Seth Putnam, was a man about 50 years of age when I came to live in Middlesex, in 1821. He was a very pleasant, social man, and worked with me to score timber for a barn. His son, Rus- sel, hewed the timber. Soon after, Russel was taken sick. I visited him several times. His sufferings were very great be- fore he passed away. He left several daughters and one son, whose name was Holden, who was a sheriff of good repute, and enlisted in the last war, and lost his life in the defence of his country. JACOB PUTNAM, another brother of Col. Seth Putnam, set- tled on a branch of Onion river in Middle- sex, about 5 miles above Montpelier vil- lage. I became acquainted with him soon after I came to the town. He was a man of good understanding. I was associated with him and Nathaniel Carpenter in mak- ing an appraisal of all the real estate in Middlesex soon after I came. He died many years since. His son, C. C. Put- nam, and C. C. Putnam, Jr., are persever- ing men and good citizens. Isaac Putnam, another brother of Seth Putnam, lived in Montpelier, and passed away to the spirit life, leaving a good name and a respectable posterity. NATHANIEL CARPENTER was one of the first settlers ; voted for town representative in September, 1807; was town clerk in all 9 years, and a justice of the peace, I think, 30 years, or more. He died in the winter of 1837. In 182 1, when I came to live here, he lived one mile from our village and 5 miles from Montpelier village. He had 4 sons by a second mar- MIDDLESEX. 225 riage ; two or more by a previous marriage ; his four last sons were, N. M. Carpenter, Don P. Carpenter, and Heman and Al- bert. Don P. Carpenter has been one of the side judges of Washington Coun- ty Court, and Heman, judge of Wash- ington County Probate Court, and N. M. Carpenter is a respectable and successful farmer. I know less of Albert, as he set- tled in a distant state. CAPT. ROBERT MCELROY, one of the first settlers, lived 2 miles from Middlesex village. His family were an aged mother, who emigrated from Scotland, his wife, 4 sons and 3 daughters. Ira, the oldest son, died single; Harry, the second son, had 3 sons, Clesson R. and H. L. Mc- Elroy, and Wm. B. McElroy. Lewis had 2 sons and Jeremiah 2 sons, in all, 7 grandsjons. Capt. Robert McElroy and wife, mother and 4 sons, have passed away. Harry McElroy's third son, Wm. B. McElroy, was chosen town clerk, Sept. 3, 1878. It will be observed by this that Capt. Robert McElroy has left a good record. In addition to the above I think it is my duty to state that Harry McElroy's eldest son, Clesson R. McElroy, was a lieutenant in the army and a valiant officer, held in high esteem by both officers and soldiers, and Harry McElroy's second son, H. L. McElroy, has been superintendent of com- mon schools in Middlesex for several years, and as such highly esteemed. JESSE JOHNSON was one of the first settlers, and voted for representative in 1807. He was far ad- vanced in life in 1820. His son, Jesse Johnson, Jr., was a man in the prime of life, and lived about 50 years after 1820, and was for many years associated with Mo.ses Holden, his son-in-law, in trade. They were esteemed by all who knew them, were good economists, and accumu- lated a large property, and have passed away. They have left no son to perpetuate their names. EPHRAIM WILLEY was one of the first settlers, and had 2 sons, Hubbard and Benjamin, who were in 29 the prime of life in 1820. They have all passed away ; but have left a great number of children and grand-children to perpet- uate their memory, all of whom are re- spectable citizens, even as their fathers and grandfathers before them were. RUFUS CHAMBERLIN, ESQ., one of the first settlers, was in 1821 a man far advanced in life, and had then living 5 sons and 3 daughters. His oldest son, Clesson, died in Massachusetts. Oliver A. Chamberlin, the second son, and A. L. Chamberlin, the fourth, are still liv- ing. Rufus Chamberlin, Esq., and wife, 2 daughters and 3 sons, have passed from this life, but not without leaving children and grandchildren to perpetuate their memory, though most of the grandchildren have passed away. I will name a few : Wm. H. Holden, C. B. Holden, Martha Holden ; children of Horace Holden and his wife, Mary Chamberlin, and Mary, also a daughter of Oliver A. Chamberlin. Our town clerk is a son of Harry McElroy and his wife, Mary Ann, dau. of Rufus Cham- berlin, both of whom have passed away. MERCHANTS AND STORES, 1879. We have three stores in Middlesex vil- lage, one owned and occupied by Benja- min Barrett and James H. Holden, one by J. O. Hobart, and one by N. King Her- rick, all doing a good business without danger of failing. Our merchants are as reliable as those of Montpelier, and I choose to patronize them. We have at this date, Jan. 1879, ^^ physician in town. Nearly all of the peo- ple of Middlesex employ the physicians who live in Montpelier village. MEETING-HOUSES AND CHURCHES. We have three meeting-houses, all good ; one good brick one in the village, near the passenger depot, one built of wood in the center of the town, and another of wood in the small village denominated Shady Rill. They are all kept well painted and in good repair. The one in Middlesex village is now occupied by the Methodists one-half of the time, and seldom at any other time, and it is about the same as to the house in the center of the town. The meeting- 226 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. house in Shady Rill was built about 30 years ago, by the Freewill Baptists, and it is occupied by those who built it, and their posterity. There was a Congregational church in this town when the brick meeting- house was built, but there is not now. I think it passed away about 1845. The Methodist church has about 36 members at this time. The Freewill Baptist church, 1 think, is about the same as to numbers. The Methodist denomination own a good and well-finished parsonage house and out-buildings, all well arranged, near the brick meeting-house in Middlesex. MICAH HATCH was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and was an early settler of Middlesex. He bought two or more good lots of land, 4 miles north of Montpelier village. He had 2 sons, Micah and David ; David had 2 sons, Zenas and Gardner. Zenas was drafted and lost his life in defence of his country. A daughter of Micah Hatch was the mother of the Hon. Zenas Upham, one of the side judges of Orange County Court in 1878. SOLOMON LEWIS was an early settler of Middlesex, and set- tled on the North branch of Onion river, 6 miles north of Montpelier village. Wil- liam Lewis, a son of Solomon, owned and occupied the farm for many years, and said farm is now owned by Lathrop Lewis, a son of the late William Lewis. I could say much in commendation of Mr. Sol- omon Lewis and his son William, and of his grandson, Lathrop, all of whom have been good citizens. EZRA CUSHMAN was one of the early settlers, a respectable merchant, and associated as such with Theophilus Cushman, his nephew, in trade in Middlesex village in the early settlement of the town, was a man in whom the people all had the utmost confidence. He mar- ried a daughter of Hon. Seth Putnam. Their son, the Rev. Lewis Cushman, a Methodist minister much esteemed, has been engaged in the ministry more than 30 years, previous to 1879. CAPT. ZERAH HILLS was one of the early settlers of this town. He had 3 sons, Lorenzo, Justin and Zerah. Zerah built the house above described, and had it very nearly completed when the Rebel war commenced, and he enlisted in defence of our country, and died in its de- fence June 25, 1863, lamented by all who knew him. COL. HUTCHINS was one of the early settlers of Middlesex. He had two sons, Timothy and Solomon. Solomon married a sister of ex-Governor Paul Dillingham. Solomon Hutchinskept a public house in Middlesex village when the town was quite new. I think the house was the first public house kept in Middlesex. Solomon Hutchins and his immediate family have long since passed away, but leaving a respectable posterity of children, grandchildren and great grandchildren. March, 1879. MIDDLESEX CONCLUDED. BY VOLNEY V. VAUGHN, ESQ. The township, situated on the north side of the Winooski river, 30 miles from the mouth of the river at Burlington, lat. 44°, 20', long. 4°, 2', is bounded N. by Worcester, E. by East Montpelier and Montpelier, S. by Berlin and Moretown, from which it is separated by the Winooski, and W. by Waterbury. The N. H. charter, by Wentworth, was granted " by command of His Excellency, King George III., in the third year of his reign," and provides : The township of Middlesex, lying on the east side of French or Onion river, so called, shall be six miles square and no more, containing 23,040 acres. The first meeting for the choice of town officers shall be held on the 26th day of July next, to be notified and presided over by Capt. Isaac Woodruff", and that the an- nual meeting forever hereafter for the choice of officers for said town shall be on the second Tuesday of March, annnally. The town was to be divided into 71 equal shares ; each one of the 65 propri- etors to whom it was granted to hold one share, and 6 shares as usual in the N. H. charters for the Governor's right, the ben- MIDDLESEX. 227 efit of the Gospel and schools. The Gov- ernor's land was a tract of 500 acres in the S. W. corner of the town. The council of New York established the county of Gloucester in 1770, which included this town, arid the first record of a proprietors' meeting found in our town records commences : A meeting of the proprietors of the Township of Middlesex, on Onion River, in the Province of New York, holden at the dwellLng-house of Samuel Canfield, Esq., in New Milford, Conn., on Tuesday, ye tenth day of May, 1770. At this meeting Partridge Thatcher, of New Milford, was chosen moderator, and SanTuel Averill, of Kent, clerk. It was voted to "lay out said township and lot one division of 100 acres to each right," and Samuel Averill was chosen agent to agree with a surveyor and chain- bearers to do the business. It was voted to lay a tax of $3 per right, to pay the ex- pense of surveying, and Partridge Thatcher and Samuel Averill laid out the ist division as above voted. The proprietors held a meeting at Kent, Apr. 13, 1773, Samuel Averill, Jr., clerk. Voted $2.50 per right instead of the $3.00 voted before to pay the expense of the surveys. Oct. 14, 1774, Samuel Averill, Jr., col- lector, sold 8 lots of land at public auc- tion, to satisfy unpaid taxes voted as above. Partridge Thatcher and Samuel Averill, Jr., bid off 4 lots each, at ^i 2s., N. Y. money, per lot. The first deed of Middlesex lands re- corded is from Samuel Averill, Jr., to Samuel Averill of 5 full rights, dated Kent, Litchfield Co., Dec. 30, 1774, and ac- knowledged before Wm. Cogswell, justice of the peace. The first proprietors' meeting held in Vermont was at Sunderland, Oct. 13, 1783, Isaac Hitchcock, proprietors' clerk, and the 2d and 3d division of lands were made, and surveys recorded Feb. 9, 1786. The first proprietors' meeting held in Middlesex was at the house of Lovell War- ren, Aug. 14, 1787. Choice was made of Seth Putnam, proprietors' clerk, and ad- journed until Nov. 5, same year, and at this adjourned meeting it was claimed that all former surveys or pretended surveys had been made inaccurately, that some of the lots had been laid out within the limits of Montpelicr, that proprietors could not find their lots, etc., and it was " Resolved to hold null and void all former surveys or pretended surveys." It was voted to lay out the ist, 2d and 4th divisions in 69 lots each, of 104 acres in a lot, the 4 acres beingallowed for high- ways. Where the village now stands, 30 acres were reserved for a mill privilege, and 104 acres of the pine lands just east- erly of the mill site for the first mill- builder, if he built a mill within i2months. This reservation was the 3d, called the white-pine division, which was laid out in about i-acre lots, and divided among the proprietors the same as the other divisions. The 1st, 2d and 3d divisions were allotted in 1787 and '88, and surveys recorded in September, 1788. Allotted by Gen. Parley Davis, surveyor ; Isaac Putnam, hind- chainman ; Jacob Putnam, fore-chainman. The 4th division was allotted by Gen. Davis in 1798. This allotting, if accurately surveyed, would cover 22,162 acres, which would leave 878 acres undivided land, of which each proprietor would own an equal share. This land, which is north-easterly of the Governor's right, has been taken up or "pitched" from time to time, until it is all claimed on titles of original rights. By an act of the legislature, approved Oct. 30, 1850, so much of the town as is contained in lots numbering 50, 55, 56,57, 58, 63 and 64, and so much of the undi- vided land as lies westerly of a line com- mencing at the most south-easterly corner of lot number 64, and running south t,6° west and parallel with the original line be- tween Waterbury and Middlesex to the Governor's right, so called ; thence on the line of the Governor's right to the original town line, was annexed to the town of Waterbury, whichleaves about22,ooo acres as the present area of Middlesex. The change in the town line was made to benefit a few families who lived in the west part of the town who could more con- 228 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. veniently attend meetings and go to market in Waterbury than in Middlesex, on ac- count of living the west side of a high range of hills or mountains, that form a natural boundary, and so separate the two towns that only one carriage-road directly connects them. The change brings the town line as now established very near the summit of this range of mountains. Near the S. E. corner of the town com- mences a less elevation of land, which ex- tends in a northerly direction a little east of the centre of the town, which unites with the higher range about 4 miles from the south line, and gives the south part of the town a slope southerly towards the Winooski, and the northern and eastern part a slope easterly towards the North Branch of the Winooski, which fiows through the N. E. corner of the town. The surface of the township is somewhat uneven, but the soil is generally very fer- tile and productive. There are many ex- cellent farms on the hills, and some fine intervales along the river and branch, and although the meadows are not very ex- tensive, they are enough so to form a num- ber of very good and valuable farms. The land is naturally covered with maple, birch, beech, ash, elm, butternut, red-oak, iron-wood, pine, spruce, hemlock, fir and other smaller trees and bushes such as are common in this part of the State. The N. W. corner of the town contains about 1200 acresof nearly unbroken forest, covering the mountain and lying along its base, which only needs steam-power in the immediate vicinity, backed by good me- chanical enterprise and skill, to make it valuable property. This town will compare favorably with the other towns in the County for farming and lumbering. NATURAL CURIOSITIES. Nature has given our territory fully an average share of the singular and odd, and of the grand and sublime. Among the oddities is a rocking stone on the farm of William Chapin, near the Centre. This stone, weighing many tons, is so evenly balanced on a high ledge that it can be rocked forward and back with ease. On the mountain west of the late C. B. Holden farm is a high cliff of rocks, from which many heavy pieces of rock have become detached and fallen to the ravine below. These are so placed that they form some curious caverns on a small scale, which are noted hedge-hog habitations. One of these rocks, sheltered by the over- hanging cliff from which it fell, which is some 6 feet long, 4 feet wide, and from i to 2 feet thick, lies on another rock in such a manner that it projects over nearly half its length, and is so nicely balanced that a man can teeter it up and down with one finger. A few years ago there stood by the road- .side on the farm now owned by Daniel Pembrook, an iron-wood or remon tree, which about 2 feet from the ground di- vided into two trunks, each about 6 inches in diameter. They grew smooth and nearly straight, and from i to 2 feet apart for some 10 feet, where they again united in one solid trunk, which was about 10 inches in diameter ; this continued about 3 feet, where it again divided. The two trunks above were similar to the two be- low for about 10 feet; there it united once more, and above threw out branches and had a "top" similar to other trees of its kind. This tree was cut down by some one who had an eye keener for the useful than for the ornamental. The only road that directly connects this town with Waterbury, about i^ miles from the river, passes through a notch be- tween masses of ragged ledges which for many rods rise almost perpendicular on either side to the height of 100 feet or more, with just fair room for a good car- riage-road and a small stream of water be- tween. The channel called the Narrows, worn through the rocks by the Winooski be- tween this town and Moretown, is quite a curiosity. Of this grand work of time Moretown may justly claim a share, but as this town is the most benefited by it, Mid- dlesex history would be incomplete with- out a description. The channel is about 80 rods in length, some 30 feet in depth, MIDDLESEX. i2g and averaging about 60 feet wide. Where the bridge leading from Middlesex village across to Moretown spans the channel, the width at the top of the cut is less than the depth. Below this bridge for many rods the rocks rise very nearly perpendicular for some 30 feet, appearing like a wall. Above the bridge for many rods they rise on either side to near the same elevation, but not quite so steep, leaving the chasm only a few feet wide at the bottom, and the river runs very rapidly through the channel. At the upper end of the Narrows is a dam and the mills described elsewhere. Just below the bridge, and in direct line with the course of the river above, is a high pinna- cle of rocks. When the river is low it runs the north side of this, and when the water is high it flows on both sides, or sur- rounds it. By a survey made by the late Hon. Wm. Howes a few years ago, it was ascertained that the fall in the river from below the dam at Montpelier village to the top of the water in the pond at Middlesex was only 5 feet 11 inches. There are many things that indicate that at some distant day these ledges formed a barrier that obstructed the water of the river, and raised it many feet higher than the meadows along the river above this place, forminff a large pond or lake, that flowed not only these meadows but a part of Montpelier, including the greater part of the village, and a portion of the towns of Barre, Berlin and Moretown. About 2 miles above the Narrows the ledge, near where the carriage-road now is, some 50 feet above the present bed of the river, bears unmistakable evidence of the wash- ing of the waters of the river or lake. While gazing on this woudrous work Of nature's law, divinely fair, We feel how great the worl{ of time. How weak and frail we mortals are. We feel the feeling grow of awe, While looking on this rolling tide, And think these were the works of God, In which mankind could take no pride. Along the mountain side in the N. W. part of the town are many rills and brooks, that come rushing down steep declivities and leaping from high precipices, forming many beautiful cascades and miniature cat- aracts, which if as great as they are lofty would be supremely grand. Here, too, are found high overhanging cliffs and deep ravines, and all the sublimity common to the mountains of the Verd Mont State. But when we stand upon the summit of the highest peak, 3,558 feet above Lake Champlain, and cast our eye at a glance over more than 10,000 sq. miles of the surrounding country, looking down over the homes of tens of thousands of our steady villagers and sturdy yeomanry, view- ing the well-cultivated plains and forest- covered hills, and beholding the distant mountain scenery, the winding streams and ever-varied landscape, here we find magnificence and grandeur combined. It might be said Bublime and fail". And lofty are our verdant hills. And crystal streams from fountains flow That turn witli ease the swiftest mills. Our plains', how grand, how marked with cave, While each proclaims the work of God ; And man, with thanks and willing hands. Improves the rich and fertile sod. For the following very good description of our mountains I am indebted to Wm. Chapin : MOUNTAINS OF MIDDLESEX. BY WM. CHAPIN, ESQ. Near the South-west corner of Middle- sex there rises abruptly from the south bank of the Winooski river a range of clearly-defined mountains, that extends about 20 miles, being nearly on the line between Middlesex and Waterbury, and extending between Worcester and Stowe, a little to the east of the line between those towns, and ending near Elmore pond, in the Lamoille valley. These mountains are called "The Hogbacks " in some of the earlier geographical works of Vermont, but that name now applies only to the south end of the range near the Winooski. The most conspicuous points in Middle- sex are locally known as ' ' Burned Mount- ain," "White Rock," or " Castle Rock," and " Mt. Hunger." This Mt. Hunger is nearly on the line between Middlesex and Worcester, and a little east of the corners of the four towns, Middlesex, Worcester, Stowe and Waterbury. Its height is 3648 feet above the sea. 230 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. As the topmost stone of this mountain, which is the highest point in the range, is doubtless in the town of Worcester, that town may perhaps fairly claim the honor of having within its limits one of the pleas- antest places of public resort to be found in New England. The name of Mt. Hunger was given by a party of hunters who went out from Mid- dlesex Centre on a winter's day, some 60 years ago, to hunt for deer on this mount- ain. Lost in the vast woods, they had to stay out all night, with nothing to eat save one partridge, and that without salt or sauce. When they got home the next day, half starved and wholly tired out, they said they \\?LAhQe.Yi on Mount Hunger . Not an inviting name, certainly, but very appropriate to the occasion. The only comfortable way and road to the summit at the present time is in and through Middlesex. From the earliest settlement of the town this has been a favorite resort for all who have had suffi- cient hardihood of muscle and wind to make the first ascent. But the way was rough, tangled and steep. A better way was needed, and in due time was made. The Mt. Hunger road was commenced in October, 1877, and completed June i, 1878. It was on its first survey 2 miles and 16 rods in length, extending from the public highway in Middlesex to the sum- mit of the mountain. The first 500 rods was made a good, safe and comfortable carriage road. The last half mile is very steep, and only a foot-path could be made, but the path is so well provided with stairs and other conveniences that children 6 years of age have gone up safely, and men of 86 years have gone up without difficulty. [The late Hon. Daniel Baldwin, of Mont- pelier, twice after 86 years of age.] Many teams of one to 6 horses drawing carriages from two to 20 persons, have gone up and down this road in the summers of 1878, ^Q and '80, without an accident or mishap to any one. To build such a road, through a dense forest of spruce, birch and maple woods, was no small undertaking, requiring some courage, much capital and a vast amount of hard labor. Thousands of trees had to be dug up by the roots — giant birches that clung to the ground for dear life, well- rooted spruce, and tough beeches and maple ; thousands of knolls and hills had to be graded or removed, and hardest of all, thousands of rocks and ledges to be blasted, dug out, or got around in some way. Hundreds of feet of bridging had to be built across the many little brooks and rills that come down the mountain sides. The longest bridge is in Middlesex, near the Worcester line, and is 137 feet long. At the upper end of the carriage-road is a level plateau that has been well cleared of the undergrowth and made smooth, and here a barn has been built to accommodate travelers with teams. The grade of the road is necessarily somewhat steep, but as it is a continual rise from the foot to sum- mit, no very sharp or steep pitches are to be found in the whole length of it. This road was built by Theron Bailey, Esq., of Montpelier, proprietor of the " Pavilion," and is owned and occupied by him as a toll road, the various land-owners on the route having deeded him the right of way, and some 25 acres of land for building and standing ground at the top. The construction of this road was under the superintendence of Wm. Chapin, Esq., of Middlesex Centre, and was completed, with the exception of stairs and bridges, in 60 working days, and with a gang of less than 20 men. Whether this road will be kept up in re- pair or not, remains to be seen. The mount- ain top is one of the pleasantest places of earth, and will be visited so long as people inhabit the country ; standing in an isolated position, it commands a view of the whole country ; to the east, to the White Mount- ains, west, to the Adirondacks, north, to the Canadian Provinces, and south, to the Massachusetts line ; a score of villages, many lakes and ponds, and, best of all, thousands of New England farms and homes. Among those who visited here in the olden time was the late Daniel P. Thomp- son, of Monti^eher, who climbed up, fol- MIDDLESEX. 231 lowing the town line for a guide, about 1833, and no doubt much of the sublime mountain scenery so beautifully described in " May Martin," " The Green Mountain Boys," and other Vermont stories, was studied from nature here. The tops of all of these mountains were covered with timber at the settlement of the town ; now some 10 acres are burned down to the bare rock on the top of Mt. Hunger, about the same area on " White Rock," and on Burned Mountain the fire has cleared some 30 to 40 acres. The spaces thus opened aflbrd the finest out- look upon the surrounding country. " Now on the ridges, bare and bleak, Cool 'round my temples sighs the gale. Ye winds! that wander o'er the Peak, Yc mountain spirits! hail! Angels of health! to man below Ye bring celestial airs; Bear back to Him, from whom ye blow. Our praises and prayers." Middlesex Centre, 1880. w. c. WATER-POWER, MILLS AND FRESHETS. The town is abundantly watered by springs, brooks and rivers. There are but very few houses in town that are not sup- plied with a stream of clear, pure, soft water, running from some never-failing spring. Numerous brooks rise among the mount- ains and on the hills, and flow across the , town. One called Big brook rises N. W. of the Centre, flows a southerly course to near the centre of the town, then flows south-westerly to the Winooski, emptying just above the village. On this stream, about half a mile from its mouth, has been- a saw-mill the greater part of the time for upwards of 60 years, and at diflferent times there have been mills at three other places on the stream, one being near the Centre. The best of these mills, built by Solomon Hutchins about 20 years ago, was destroyed by fire soon after it was completed. The other mills have rotted down, been damaged by freshets and never repaired, or been taken down, and at present there is no mill on the stream ; but there is a repair shop, owned by Myron Long, in place of the mill first described. Along the mountains northerly of the height of land near the Centre, rise many brooks, which, flowing south-easterly and uniting, form a quite large stream, which empties into North Branch about 5 miles from Montpelier village. The two largest of these brooks unite at Shady Rill, about one mile from the Branch, and here in the year 1824, Jedu- than Haskins and Ira McElroy built a saw- mill on the right bank of the stream, which stood about 4 year^, and was washed away by a freshet. It was rebuilt soon after by Haskins on the other side of the stream. This mill stood until about 1850, when it was washed away and never rebuilt. On the east stream of the two that unite at Shady Rill, about ^ mile above that place, a saw-mill was built some years ago. In 1869, or '70, this mill was bought by Isaac W; Brown, of Montpelier, who put in a clapboard mill, which was run by John Hornbrook until 1872. In 1872, W. H. Billings came fromWaits- field and bought the mill. He ran the old mill 2 years, and his brother, J. J. Billings, went in company with him. The fall of 1875, they built a new mill, 34 by 60 feet, and put in a small engine to run part of the machinery. In this mill they did a good business, which was increasing each year until the mill was burned. May 8, 1880. At that time they had several thousand logs in the mill-yard, and they immediately commenced clearing out the debris of the burned mill, and laying the foundation for a large new mill, 48 feet by 96. They put in a 75 horse-power engine, and commenced cutting out boards and timber July 17, and in the course of the summer they nearly finished the mill and put in all the machinery necessary for cut- ting, planing and matching boards, and sawing and dressing clapboards. It is now, Jan. 1881, one of the best mills in the State, and capable of turning out 10 car-loads of dressed lumber per month. There is another mill, on another sti-eam, about half a mile west of this mill, now owned by Geo. W. Willey. In 181 5, Esquire Bradstreet Baldwin came from Londonderry, and built a mill 232 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. where Putnam's mills now stand, on North Branch, about 5^ miles from Montpelier, since which there has been a mill there. We are favored by the following de- scription of these mills through the kind- ness of C. C. Putnam, Esq: " The north branch of the Winooski, which empties into the main stream at Montpelier, flows through the N. E. corner of Middlesex, about 3 miles, on which is situated one of the best mill privileges in the State, with a fall o/ 32 ft., on which was erected a mill in 18 15, by Bradstreet Baldwin, son of Benjamin Baldwin, of Londonderry, Vt. The mill built by Brad- street Baldwin, on the above-mentioned privilege, was owned and occupied by sev- eral parties until purchased by C. C. Put- nam and Jacob Putnam, about 1845. -^t that time the capacity of the mill was about 100,000 ft. per annum. The old mill was situated on the west side of the stream at the top of the fall. In 1854, was erected a large double gang-mill on the east side of the stream below the fall to take advan- tage of the 32-feet fall, together with a grist-mill and machinery for dressing lum- ber. The latter was consumed by fire in 1862. The same year was erected by C. C. Putnam on the same site, the mill now standing, with two laige circular saws. Since then have been added to the mill, planers, matchers, edging-saw, butting- machine and band-saw for cutting out chair stock, the capacityof the mill being 2,000, - 000 ft. dre.ssed lumber per year. The past year, C. C. Putnam & Son, the present owners, have shipped 150 car-loads of dressed lumber to New Hampshire, Mas- sachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island, valued from $25,000 to $30,000. The most of this lumber is cut on their land in Worcester, and floated down the stream. In connection with their lumber business they have a supply store, containing all necessaries for their workmen and public generally, doing a business of from $15,000 to $20,000 per year." Henry Perkins came to town somewhere about 1800, and built the first grist and saw-mill at the Narrows, where the village stands. He lived in the Widow Aaron Ladd house, one of the two first houses in the village. Soon after, Samuel Haskins built an oil-mill, and Thomas Stowell built a clothing-works mill. In those early days, when news were conveyed on horseback as the swiftest means ; when freighting between here and Boston was mostly done with oxen ; before Ark Wright had invented the spinning Jenny, or carding-machines were known ; when the women did all the carding and spin- ning by hand ; when farmers had to go a great way to mill, and carry their grist on horseback, or on their shoulders ; when the meat mostly used was that of wild game, and salt to season it sometimes $3.58 per bu. ; when 8 children were called an av- erage family, and 12 or 13 not uncommon, and boys and girls were not afraid of work ; when the " goode housewyfe " found ample time to spin yarn from wool, flax and tow, and weave cloth to clothe all in her goodly family, works were then in vogue and built for coloring, fulling, pressing and dressing cloth. In May, 18 18, a freshet swept away the clothing-works, but they were soon built up again. At the time of this freshet Luther Has- kins was moving from the farm which he sold to Stephen Herrickin 1820, and which Mr. Herrick still owns and occupies. He got his cattle as far as the river, and could get them no farther on account of high water. Nathaniel Daniels and John Cooms undertook to go from the village in a boat to take care of the cattle. They had pro- ceeded some 20 rods up the river, when the current upset the boat. Cooms swam ashore, and seeing Daniels struggling in the water, was about to swim in to rescue him, when some one who considered the undertaking too dangerous, held Cooms back, and Daniels was drowned. Nov. 1 82 1, all the mills were destroyed by fire. They were soon rebuilt, with a good woolen factory in place of the clothing- works, which was built by Amplius Blake, of Chelsea, who employed Artemas Wilder to superintend it. In Sept. 1828, was another freshet, which swept away the factory, grist-mill, oil-mill and saw-mill. Much to the credit MIDDLESEX. 233 of the owners, they went to work with true Yankee courage immediately, and rebuilt the mills in a stronger and more secure manner, and had them all in operation within 2 years. They were not secure enough, however, to withstand the exten- sive freshet of July, 1830, during which the water in the Winooski probably was the highest ever known since the State was settled, being at its greatest height July 27 or 28, so high it flowed through the vil- lage, and a dam was built across the upper end of the street, to turn the current of the river back towards the Narrows. All the mills were raised by the water from their foundations, and sailed oflf together like a fleet, taking the bridge below with them, until they struck the high pinnacle of rocks a few rods below the bridge, when, with a deafening crash, they smashed, and ap- parently disappeared in the rolling flood. The weather in the summer of 1830 was cold and wet up to July 15. From the 15th to the 24th it was mostly clear and exces- sively warm. During the day of the 15th, the thermometer rose in the shade to 94°, the i6th it rose to 92°, the 17th to 92^°, the 1 8th to 92°, the 19th to 90°, the 20th to 91°, and the 21st to 94°. The rain commenced in the afternoon of Saturday, the 24th, and continued till the Thursday following, and is believed to be the greatest fall of water in the length of time ever known in Vermont, the fall at Burlington being more than 7 inches, 3.85 in. of which fell the 26th in 16 hours. After this freshet, Jeduthan and Luther Haskins built here an oil-mill, which was bought by Enos Stiles in 1835, and suc- cessfully operated by him for 33 years. He sold to Y. Dutton, who now owns it. There were many oil-mills in the State at an early day, but they had all been abandoned except two, when Mr. Stiles sold his mill. Mr. Dutton kept the mill in operation for a time after he owned it, and is supposed to be the last one in the State to give up making oil from flax-seed. The Messrs. Haskins also built a grist-mill, which was afterward owned for many years by Geo. & Barnard Langdon, of Montpelier, who sold to L. D. Ainsworth. He has at great expense fortified it against freshets, and made it a first-class, modern flouring and grist-mill, where he does a good business. He also owns a planing-mill near the grist- mill, and a saw-mill on the opposite side of the river in Moretown, which accommo- dates many who reside in Middlesex, and has recently bought the old oil-mill of Dutton. In Oct. 1869, there was a freshet that did considerable damage. No buildings were carried off", but the highways were badly washed, and many bridges carried away. In the town report the following March I find, in addition to a highway tax of 50 cents on a dollar of the grand list, about $3,000 in orders drawn for extra work and expense on highways and bridges. The river was so high thatMr. Ainsworth's saw-mill teetered up and down on the water, and would have been swept away had it not been securely chained to the trees and ledges. OF THE MINERALOGY here but little is yet known. Rock crystal is quite common, and some very fine spec- imens of crystal quartz have been picked up. The largest, most transparent and most perfect specimens have been found in the north western part of the town, along the foot of the mountain. The crystal quartz found here is mostly nearly white. Some of the specimens are traversed in va- rious directions with hair-like crystals of a reddish, yellowish or brown color, and similar to those found elsewhere along the gold formation, so called, that extends through this part of the State. Many stones are also found of which iron enters largely into the formation ; and it is claimed that gold has been found in small quanti- ties in the eastern part of the town, but no very valuable mines have yet been discov- ered here. MAGNETIC VARIATION. From an examination of the lines nm when the town was alloted in 1788, it ap- pears that the westerly variation of the mag- netic needle is now very nearly 4°, so that lines in this town that were run N. 36° E. in 1787, now in i88x nm N. 40° E. 30 234 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ANIMALS. The first settlers found in the forest of this town, the black bear, raccoon, wol- verine, weasel, mink, pine martin (im- properly called .sable), skunk, American otter, wolf, red fox, black or silver fox, cross fox, lynx, bay lynx or wild cat, star- nosed mole, shrew mole. Say's bat, beaver, musk rat, meadow mouse, jumping mouse, white bellied or tree mouse, woodchuck, the gray, black, red, striped, and flying squirrel, hedge-hog, rabbit, moose, and common deer. In 1831, a very large moose left the mountain near the notch road, and wan- dered towards the village of Middlesex. He crossed the Winooski near the eddy just below the narrows, and went across the meadows on the farms now owned by Joseph Newhall and Joseph Knapp in Moretown, passing through a field of wheat on the latter farm. He then crossed Mad river near its mouth, and started in the di- rection of the large tract of woods near Camel's Hump mountain. This is sup- posed to be the last wild moose that ever visited Middlesex. COUNTY MEMBERSHIP. Middlesex has had the honor to belong to Gloucester County, established by the N. Y. Council, Mar. 16, 1770; Unity, es- tablished Mar. 17, 1778 ; name changed to Cumberland, Mar. 21, 1778 ; to Benning- ton, being set to this County by change of county line Feb. i, 1779: to Addison Co., formed Oct. 18, 1785; to Jefferson County, incorporated Nov. i, 1810; to Washington Co., the name of JeiTerson being changed to Washington in 18 14. Middlesex can boast of being the first town settled in Washington County, as the county is now organized ; but it was not the first town chartered, Duxbury, Moretown and Waterbury having been chartered one day first, June 7, 1763. The altitude at Middlesex village was given by D. P. Thompson at 520 feet above the level of the ocean, probably meaning the elevation of the railroad at that place. He did not claim minute ac- curacy, but as his estimate was deduced from data of surveys for canals and rail- roads, it is probably a very near approxi- mation. CARRYING THEIR VISITORS HOME. Somewhere between 1825 and 1830, a carpenter and joiner, named Downer, came with his family from Canada to build the house where Elijah Whitney now lives, for Jacob Putnam, and moved his family into a house about 2 miles easterly from Wor- cester Corner, and owned by Wm. Ar- buckle. Downer, for some reason, went to Canada in the winter, and left his wife and four or five children in Worcester, and during his absence they were aided by the town. DanforthW. Stiles then lived where he had made the first beginning, on what is now known as the Nichols' place, above Putnam's Mills, and the Downer family came there and to Jacob Putnam's on a visit. When they were ready to return home, they procured a team, and a boy started to drive them home and take the team back, but they were met near the line by Worcester men, who turned their team around, and told them to drive back into Middlesex, and they returned to Stiles'. Stephen Herrick was overseer of the poor in Middlesex, and Stiles immediately no- tified him of the affair, and he started with his team to carry the family back. He took the woman and children, and accom- panied by Stiles, they proceeded to within about a mile and a half of the house, which distance was through a thick woods, when they were stopped by two men who were felling trees across the road so lively that after considerable effort to cut their way thi'ough, they returned with the family to Middlesex, leaving the family at Esquire Baldwin's. Herrick went home, arriving there about dark, and rode about that part of the town to mform the men of his defeat and pro- cure assistance, and was soon on the road to Worcester again, accompanied by Elijah Holden, with a span of horses and double sleigh to carry the family, and by Horace Holden, Moses Holden, Xerxes Holden, Asa Chapin, Torry Hill, Josiah Holden Abram Gale, John Bryant, George Sawyer, Jeremiah Leland, Sanford White, Lewis Mc- MIDDLESEX. 235 Elroy and others, in all 22 men, with 9 teams and plenty of axes, bars and levers, with which to clear the track, and they were joined by Stiles when they reached his place, making 23 men. When they reach- ed the woods they were again stopped, this time by 16 Worcester men with axes, who commenced to fell trees into the road, as fully resolved to prevent any further tax to support the Downers, as the Boston "tea party " were to avoid paying the three cent tax on tea. The Middlesex men commenced clearing the road, and pro- ceeded some distance in that way, but the 1 6 men kept the trees so thick in the road ahead, that Herrick ordered his men to leave the road, and cut a new road through the woods around the fallen trees. In this way they succeeded better, and when the trees became too numerous ahead, they dodged again, and brushed out a road around them, Holden following close be- hind with the family. As soon as it was certain that they would succeed, Herrick proceeded alone to the house, to protect that from being destroyed, and to have a fire when the woman and children should get there. Very soon after he reached the house, William Hutchinson entered with a fire- brand, and was about to set fire to the house, when Herrick seized him, threw him to the floor, and seating himself on Hutchin.son, held him fast. Torry Hill soon entered, with a gruff " whose here?" Herrick answered, " I am here, and here is this little Bill Hutchinson, who bothered me yesterday by felling trees into the road." "Let me have him," said Torry. Herrick released him, when he sprang for the fire, determined to carry out his purpose, but Torry seized him by the collar, and snap- ping him to the door, gave him a kick that made him say, " Til go ! " " Yes, you will go, and that d: — d quick, too," said Hill, giving him another kick, that sent him many feet from the house. Soon after both parties arrived at the house, and the family was escorted in about daybreak. A war of words followed, with some threatening. One tall, muscular, Worcester man, named Rhodes, stepped out, and threatening loudly, exclaimed, " I can lick any six of you!" Torry Hill sprang in front of him, and smacking his fists together, replied, " My name is six, come on!" but no blows were struck. Herrick was soon called before Judge Ware, of Montpelier, to answer to the charge of violating the statute against re- moving any person or persons from one town in this State to any other town in the State without an order of removal. It was proved conclusively that all the home they had was in Worcester, that they were vis- iting in Middlesex, and desired to return, and that the defendant only helped them to return to their house in Worcester. Wm . Upham and Nicholas Baylies, counsel for Worcester, and Judge Jeduthan Loomis for defendant. Although the Worcester people were beat, they did not give up, but arranged a double sled so that the driver's seat was attached to the forward sled, and a blow or two with an axe would free the hind sled and body, and taking the family on the sled, they gave them a free ride up north, and when in a suitable place the driver de- tached the forward sled, and trotted off towards home, leaving the woman and children in the road, comfortably tucked up in their part of the sled, and where they would be under the necessity of so- liciting the charity of Her Majesty's sub- jects in Canada. POPULATION AND GRAND LIST. 1783, population i or 2 ; 1791,60; 1793, grand list ^280, ids.; 1800, population 262; 1810, population 401, list $4770.37; 1820, 726, $7623 ; 1830, 1 156, $5720 ; 1840, 1279, $8240; 1850, 1365, $2952.52; i860, 1254, $3459.51; 1870, 1171, $3584.63; 1880, 1087, $3128; 1881, $5068. In 1794, our votes for governor were, for Thomas Chittenden 10, Elijah Paine 4, Louis R. Morris i, and Samuel Mattocks i. It was voted to raise 3d. per pound for making and repairing roads, and 2d. per pound to defray town expenses. The 5d. on a pound was 2 1-12 per ct. of the grand list, which was a great varia- tion from the 125 to 150 per ct. raised by 236 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. the town for a few years past for necessary expenses and highways. SCHOOLS. The first district extended along the river, but we have not learned the exact location of the first school-house. The district was divided in 1794, the line be- tween lots 6 and 7 on the river, and one school-house built near where the No. i school-house now stands, and No. 2 school- house, which was waslied away by the freshet of 1818, about half way from the village to where the road leading towards the Centre passes under the railroad. As the town became settled, new dis- tricts were organized until they numbered 13, but at present only 1 1 support schools, two having been divided and set to other districts. With two or three exceptions, the school-houses have been newly built or repaired within a few years, and are in good condition, and the schools will com- pare favorably with the common schools of surrounding towns. The natural division of the township prevents any natural central point in town, and no high schools of any grade have been established here, but many of the larger scholars attend the high schools and seminaries at Montpelier, Barre, Water- bury and elsewhere. The number of families having children of school age is about 170, and the num- ber of school children only about 225, consequently our schools are all small compared with the schools of early days. About the year 1825 Stephen Herrick taught at the Centre and had 75 scholars ; Hubbard Willey sending 10, Ezra Nichols 7, and others nearly as many. TOWN OFFICERS. Representatives — Samuel Harris was rei^resentative in 1791 ; Seth Putnam, 1792, '93, '94, '96, '97 to 1800, '3, '4, '5, '7, '8, '13 to '17, '22; Josiah Hurlburt, 1795; Henry Perkins, 1801, '2, '6; David Har- rington, 1809 to 1813, '17, '19, '21 : Na- thaniel Carpenter, 1818, '20; Josiah Hol- den, 1823, '24, '28, '29; Holden Putnam, 1825, '26, '27, '34, '36, '40; John Vincent, 1830, '33^ '35. '37; Wm. H. -Holden, 1831 ; Wm. J. Holden, 1838; Leander Warren, 1841, '44, '58, '59 ; Horace Hol- den, 1842, '43; Wm. H. Holden, 1845; Joseph Hancock, 1846, '48; John Poor, 1849, '5°; Oliver A. Chamberlin, 1851, '52, '55; Moses Holden, 1853, '54; Geo. Leland, 2d, 1856, '57; James H. Holden, i860; Jacob S. Ladd, 1861, '62; Wm. E. McAllister, 1863; C. C. Putnam, 1864, '65; Rufus Warren, 1866, '67; Charles B. Holden, 1868, '69; Jarvil C. Leland, 1870; Jacob Putnam, 1872; Sylvanus Daniels, 1874; C. C. Eaton, 1876; Myron W. Miles, 1878; Wm. Chapin, 1880. Superintendents of Schools. — David Goodale was chosen in 1846; Aaron Ladd, 1847, '48, '49; Stephen Herrick, 1850, '56, '66; George Bryant, 1851 ; Wm. H. Hol- den, 1852; Wm. Chapin, 1853, '57, '69; H. Fales, 1854; Anson Felton, 1855; H. L. McElroy, 1858, '61 to '66; Marcus Gould, 1859, '60; W. L. Leland, 1867; C. C. Putnam, Jr., 1868, '70; Elijah Whitney, 1879, '80; V.V.Vaughn, 1871 to '79, '81. First Selectmen. — Thomas Mead, 1790, '95, '96; Samuel Harris, 1791 ; Seth Putnam, 1792, '98, 1803, '4, '14, '15; Levi Putnam, 1793; Josiah Hurlburt, 1794; Leonard Lamb, 1797 ; Henry Perkins, 1799 ; David Harrington, 1800, 'i, '2; Ephraim Willey, 1805; Elisha Woodbury, 1806; Josiah Holden, 1807, '8 ; Nathaniel Car- penter, 1809, 'II, '13, '18, '19, '20, '21 ; Jo.seph Hutchins, 1810 ; Ephraim Keyes, 1812; Daniel Houghton, 181 6; Jacob Put- nam, 1817; Horace Holden, 1822, '23, '27, '35' '36, '39, '46, '47 ; James Jordan, 1828; John Vincent, 1829, '30, '31, '34; Wm. H. Holden, 1833; Aaron Ladd, 1837; S. C. Collins, 1838; Leander Warren, 1840, '57; Geo. H. Lewis, 1841, '42, '53; O. A. Chamberlin, 1843, '44, '48, '49, '51 ; Sam- uel Daniels, 1845 ; George Leland, 1850, '52; C. C. Putnam, 1854, '71, '72, ''73; Jacob S. Ladd, 1855 ; Moses Holden, 1856; Wm. D. Mclntyre, 1858; David Ward, 1859, '60, '66, '67, '68; Osgood Evans, 1861 ; Andrew A. Tracy, 1862 ; Jas. H. Holden, 1863, '64; D. P. Carpenter, 1865 ; Jarvil C. Leland, 1869; Jacob Putnam, MIDDLESEX. 237 1870; Gardner Sawyer, 1874, '81; Elijah Somers, 1875 ; Wm. B. McElroy, 1876; Hiram A. Sawyer, 1877; Norris Wright, 1878; D.-R. Culver, 1879; C. J. Lewis, 1880. Constables. — The first constable elect- ed was Edmond Holden, in 1790; Daniel Hoadley, 1791 ; Jacob Putnam, 1792 ; Seth Putnam, 1793; Samuel Harris, 1794, '97, '98, '99 ; Josiah Hurlburt, 1795 ; Wm. Hol- den, 1796, 1820; Henry Perkins, 1800; Rufus Chamberlin, 1801 ; David Allen, 1802; Ira Hawks, 1803; Thomas Mead, 1804, '5, '6; David Harrington, 1807 to '13 ; Josiah Holden, 1814 ; Horace Holden, 1817, '19, ''24 ; Luther Haskins, 1818 ; Dan- iel Houghton, 1821 ; Jeduthan Haskins, 1822 ; Alexander McCray, 1825; Ira Mc- Elroy , 1825 ; O. A. Chamberlin, 1828; Wm. A. Nichols, 1829; Luther Farrar, 1830, '31 ; D. P. Carpenter, 1833, '34, '36, '^y ; Gideon Hills, 1835 ; Stephen Herrick, 1838, '39, '40, '42, '45 ; Geo. Leland, 1841 ; Philander Holden, 1843, '44- '4^; Geo. H. Lewis, 1847, '48, ''49; Wm. H. Holden, 1850, '51 ; Wm. Slade, 1852; Frank A. Blodgett, 1853, '54 ; Curtis Haskins, 1855; Ezra Ladd, 1856, '57 ; Wm. Chapin, 1858, '59; C. B. Holden, i860 to '74; Myron W. Miles, 1874 to the present, 1881. Overseers since 1841. — Robert Mc- Elroy, 1842; Selectmen, 1843, '75 i Jedu- than Haskins, 1844; D. P. Carpenter, 1845 ; Wm. S. Clark, 1846; Wm. D. Mc- Intyre, 1847, '67, '68, '69; Enos Stiles, 1848, '49; Thomas Stowell, 1850; Benja- min Scribner, 1851, '53, '54, '64; Stephen Hen-ick, 1852, '58; Daniel B. Sherman, 1855, '56; Geo. R. Sawyer, 1857; W. H. Clark, 1859; C. C. Putnam, i860 to '67 ; David Ward, 1870; Elijah Somers, 1871, '72, '73, '74; Seaver Howard, 1876, ''77; Putnam W. Daley, 1878; H. A. Sawyer, 1879, '80, '81. First Justices. — Seth Putnam, 1789, 1811, '12; Nathaniel Carpenter, 1813, '14, '15, '17, '18, '23 to '30, and '33 to '39; Rufus Chamberlin, 1816; Daniel Hough- ton, 1819, '20, '22; David Harrington, 1821 ; Wm. H. Holden, 1831, '32, ""^S; Horace Holden, 1839, '40>'4i> '44i nearly all the time till his death, in 1865 ; Wm. T. Clark, 1842; Thomas Stowell, 1843; John Poor, 1853; Jas. H. Holden, 1864, '65, '67 to '72 ; Marcus Gould, 1866; C. C. Putnam, 1872, '73, '74. '75 ! D. P. Carpen- ter, '76, '77, '78, '80. Seth Putnam, first justice in 1789, held the office of justice 26 years; David Harrington, 15 years; Thos. Stowell, 12 years; John Poor, 14 years; Nathaniel Carpenter, first justice, 20 years, and Horace Holden was justice at least 38 years. Town Agents.— Stephen Herrick, 1842, '52. '57, '58, '60, '61, '66, '72; Geo. H. Lewis, 1843, '44; John Poor, 1845, '53; Holden Putnam, 1846 to '51 ; George W. Bailey, 1855, '56 ; Wm. D. Mclntyre, 1859 ; Leander Warren, 1862, '63, '64, '65, '71, '73 ; D. P. Carpenter, 1867, '68, '69 ; David Ward, 1870; C. C. Putnam, 1874, '75; Wm. Chapin, 1876, '77, '78, '80, '81 ; Rufus Warren, 1879. County Judges. — Hon. James H. Hol- den, Hon. Don P. Carpenter. Members of Constitutional Conven- tion. — Seth Putnam was member in 1793 ; Rufus Chamberlin in 18 14, '22, '28 and '36; Wm. H. Holden in 1843; O. A. Cham- berlin in 1850. Postmasters. — Theophilus Cushman was postmaster in 1824 ; Daniel Houghton, 1828 ; Aaron Ladd, 1829; Moses L. Hart, 1830; Nathaniel Bancroft, 1831 ; Moses L. Hart, 1832, ''23; Hiram Mclntyre, 1834 to '38; Ransom B. Jones, 1838, '39; Horace Snow, 1840 to '45 ; Wm. C. Stowell, 1845, '4*6; Harris Hoyt, 1847; A. A. Haskins, 1848, '49 ; A. H. Hayes, 1850 ; Jesse John- son, Jr., 1851, '52; Anson G. Burnham, 1853, '54; Geo. H. Lewis, 1855 to '59; Simpson Hayes, 1859, '60, '61 ; James H. Holden, 1862 to 1881, inclusive. Physicians. — A doctor by the name of Billings practiced and resided in Middle- sex in 1821 ; Holdridge soon after ; Joseph Lewis, 1825; Samuel Fifield, 1830; Daniel Kellogg, '33 ; Henry Dewey, '34 ; H. Dewey and Jona Webster, '35 ; Jona Webster, '36, '37; Rial Blanchard, '40, '41, '42; David Goodale, '44; F. B. Packard, '45 ; Chand- ler Poor, dentist, '45 ; David Goodale, '46, 238 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. '47; A. H. Hayes and B. L. Conant, '48; A. H. Hayes, '49; Horace Fales, '50 '51, '52, '53' '54, '55 ; J. W. Sawin, '58, '59; H. L. Richardson, '61, '62, '63; O. L. Watson, '65, '66; — Risdon, '79; W. G. Church, '80 and '81. There might have been physicians in town previous to any named, but I have no such record or evidence. In addition to those named, other physicians have lived in town, among whom is Dr. Zela Richardson, a son of Frederick Richard- son, who was one of the first inhabitants of Stowe. The Dr. was born in Stowe in Dec. 1799, went to Castleton when about 22 years of age, and studied for the pro- fession under Dr. Thompson, and com- menced practicing according to the Thomp- sonian system in Brandon and vicinity in about 1824. He moved to Stowe in 1833, and practiced some there till 1840, when he moved to where Silas Mead now re-' sides in Moretown, where he lived until 1846, when he moved across the river to Middlesex village, where he has ever since resided, but for the last thirty years he has nearly discontinued practice. Among others who have lived and prac- ticed in town a short time each are a doc- tor by the name of Conant, and Dr. Spicer, Dr. Scott and a cancer doctor named Hill, and perhaps a few others. THE CLERGY OF THE TOWN. No record has been found of the first preaching in Middlesex, but it is known that about 1812 the Methodist minister of the Barre circuit preached occasionally in town, and that in 18 13, REV. STEPHEN HERRICK, of Randolph, took the place of the Baire circuit preacher, and in his circuit visited Middlesex often, and usually held meet- ings in the school-house, then standing on the north side of the road, very near the present line between the farms now occu- pied by Stephen Herrick and Joseph Ar- buckle. About the same time, NATHAN HUNTLEY organized a religious society, commonly called Elder Huntley's church, which in belief and manner of worship was nearest that of the Free Will Baptists. Elder Huntley continued his labors until about 1822, when through his advice the society decided to disband, and many of the mem- bers joined the other churches. ELDER BENJAMIN CHATTERTON was probably a resident of Middlesex longer than any other preacher that has ever re- sided here. He was a member of Elder Huntley's church, and was ordained Elder, and commenced preaching soon after the society to which he belonged disbanded. He was a Free Will Baptist, and continued to preach in town occasionally until near his death. He was buried on the farm wliere he lived, on East Hill, now owned by Charles Silloway. A list of many of the clergymen who have labored in this town, with dates to show about what time they were preachers in Middlesex : John F. Adams, Methodist circuit preacher in 1821 ; E. B. Baxter Congregationalist, 183 1 ; Benjamin Chat terton, Free Will Baptist, 1834; E. G Page and Isaiah Emerson, Meth., '35 ; J T. Pierce, Cong., '38; Edward Copeland Meth., '39; Hiram Freeman, Cong., '39 and '40 ; W. N. Peck, Meth., '40, '41 ; El- bridge Knight, Cong. ; and Wm. Peck and Israel Hale, Meth., '42 ; John H..Beckwith, Cong., and H. P. Cushman, Meth., '43, '44, '45 ; P. Merrill, Meth., '46; N. Web- ster in '47; D. Willis, Meth., '48; E. B. Fuller, Free Will Baptist, '51, '52; Joshua Tucker, Free Will Baptist, 'sS'i L. H. Hooker, Meth., and — Cummings, Free Will Baptist, '54; E. Dickerman, Meth., and O. Shipman, Free Will Baptist, '55, '56; Abner Newton, Meth., '57; J. S. Spinney, Meth., '58, '59; N. W. Aspin- wall, '60, '61 ; W. E. McAllister, Meth., '62, '63 ; T. Drew, Meth., '64; F. H. Rob- erts, '65, '66; A. Hitchcock, '67; Dyer Willis, '68; Goodrich, '69; W. A. Bryant, Meth., '71, '72, '73 ; O. A. Farley, '74, '75 j L. O. Sherburn, '76; C. S. Hurl- burt, '77, '78; T. Trevillian, '79, '80; W. H. Dean, '81. EARLY INCIDENTS AND ANECDOTES. The following account of the hardships of the first family who made a settlement MIDDLESEX. 239 in this town, from Deining's Vermont Offi- cers, 1851, written by Horace Holden: ' ' Thomas Mead was the first settler in tlie town and the first in the county. He came from Westford, Mass., having pur- chased a right of land in Middlesex. He came as far as Royalton with his wife and two or three children. Here he shouldered his gun, knapsack and ax, and set forward alone to find Middlesex, on Winooski river. He went from Brookfield through the woods to the head of Dog river, fol- lowing that down to its junction with the Winooski, and over that river to Middle- sex, having informed his wife that in a given time he should return, unless he sent her word to the contrary. On his arrival he found Mr. Jonah Harrington had made a pitch, and commenced chopping about 2 miles below Montpelier village, where he tarried till morning when he went down the river about 3 miles to the farm now owned by Thomas Stowell, where was formerly a tavern. Here he made his ''pilch,'''' and a very good one too for a farmer ; but had he continued down to the village of Mid- dlesex it might have been much better around the falls in that place. " He was so pleased with swinging his ax among the trees on his own land, subsist- ing on such game as he took with wooden traps and his gun, that his promise to his wife to return was not fulfilled. She be- came alarmed about him, procured a horse, loaded it with provisions, and set forth to find her husband ; following up White river to its source in Granville, thence down Mad river through Warren, Waits- field and Moretown to its junction with the Winooski about half a mile below Middlesex village, crossed that river and travelled up it about one mile, where, to her joy and his surprise, she found her husband in the afternoon of the third day, doing a good business among the maples, elms and butternuts. From Royalton to Rochester she had a bridle path, then to Middlesex were only marked or spotted trees ; was often under the necessity of un- loading her horse to get him past fallen timber, and often had to lead him some distance. Mr. Mead's family soon moved into town. Mr. Mead's third son, Joel, was born in Lebanon, N. H., Jan. 18, 1785, she having gone there for better ac- commodations than Middle.sex then af- forded. Some time in June, 1785, Mrs. Mead was gone from home on a very cloudy afternoon. Mrs. Mead had to look for her cows, which ran in the woods at large. She started in good season, leaving three small children, one a nursing infant 5 months old, alone in the house. Not hearing the bell on the cows, she took their tracks and followed down the river about i^ miles, found where they had fed apparently most of the day, but no bell to be heard. She then sought their tracks, and found they had gone down the river, and over "Hog back mountain" to Waterbury, one of the roughest places in all creation, almost; but cows must be found, or children go to bed supperless. She made up her mind to "go ahead," and crossing the almost impassible mountain, and following on, found the cows near the present railroad depot in Waterbury, 6 or 7 miles from home . "By this time it had become dark, and backed up by a tremendous thunder- shower, rendered it so dark, that return- ing over that mountain in the night was out of cjuestion. In this unpleasant sit- uation, she found her way to Mr. James Marsh's, the only hut in that village, and stayed till the first appearance of daylight, when she started her cows for home on a double quick time, where she safely ar- rived before any of her children had com- pleted their morning nap. She concluded the children had so long a crying spell before going to sleep, they did not awake as early as usual." About 1795, Mr. M.ead kept a few sheep, the only sheep kept in town at that time. He had to keep a close watch of them and yard them nights, to keep them from falling a prey to the bears that were then plenty in the woods. One morning he found his sheep had broken out of their pen, and following them a short distance northerly from his house, he found a sheep that had been 240 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. killed and partly eaten by the bears. He returned to his house, took his gun, and started in search of the intruders. He had not proceeded far into the woods before he came in sight of a bear that was on the re- treat. He proceeded cautiously after bruin, keeping the bear to the windward, and fol- lowed up the hill in a northern direction, until he came near the top of the hill, when he again came in sight of his game, and was skulking along to get a better chance to shoot, when his wife, who had become alarmed by his absence and followed him, came in sight and halloed to him. This started the bear, but a quick shot rolled the sheep-thief over on the ground lifeless. The courageous woman told her husband she had seen another bear while she was searching for him, and they started back in the direction where she had seen it. They had not proceeded far when they came in sight of the second bear, which Mr. Mead also killed with one shot from his faithful gun. They then returned towards where the sheep had been killed, thinking to pick up and save the wool that had been scattered by the carniverous shearers. As they came in sight of the spot, bruin number three was finishing his morning meal. Mr. Mead immediately settled his account with this bear in the same way he settled with the other two, and went home feeling very well after his before-breakfast exercise. He then informed the few neigh- bors in town of what he had done, who collected together, helped get the three bears out of the woods and dress them, and all had a "jovial time" and joyful feast. As the number of settlements in town increased, the bears became less numerous, and when one was seen it was often the occasion of a lively and exciting chase. Sometimes nearly all the men within four or five miles would join in the chase, or surround the woods in which the bear was known to be, and lucky was the animal if he escaped unharmed. Three bears were killed one year at three such hunts. At one time, about the year 1830, a bear was discovered somewhere near the spot where the guide-board now is, near the Centre, and "all hands" started in pursuit. Geo. Holden, then living at the Centre, where Mrs. Daniels now resides, started with a pitchfork, the weapon he happened to have in his hands when he first heard the cry, "a bear! a bear!" The bear was chased down towards theWinooski, and made his way to somewhere near the river on the Governor's Rights, where, being worried by dogs and hotly pursued by men, he un- dertook to climb a tree that stood on a very steep side-hill. Mr. Holden, then a strong, courageous young man, was near, and ran to the foot of the tree as the bear was hitching up it, and stuck the pitchfork into the bear's posterior. Bruin , not liking 10 be helped up in that way, dropped upon his hind feet, and threw his fore feet around Mr. Holden's body. Holden at the same time seized the bear "at a back-hug hold," and they tumbled over on the ground, and rolled over and over to the foot of the hill, and some say into the river, where they quit their holds, and bruin ran until he was out of the way of men and pitchforks, and went up another tree. The word spread rapidly that the bear was up a tree, and the men gathered together and commenced shooting at him. Many shots had been fired when Horace Holden put in an ap- pearance. After amusing himself and others present for a few minutes by crack- ing jokes and telling stories at the expense of the sharp-shooters, who were too ex- cited to kill a bear, he expressed a desire to try it himself. No sooner did his rifle crack than the bear loosened his hold on the tree and fell to the ground. FIRST SETTLEMENTS IN THE EAST PART OF THE TOWN. Jacob Putnam settled where Elijah Whit- ney now lives in 1802 ; Micah Hatch on the old Hatch place, so-called, the same year; Wm. Lewis on the Lathrop Lewis farm in 1805 ; John Arbuckle where Put- nam Daley now lives, about 1808; Lewis McElroy where Dudley Jones now lives, in 1822; Caleb Bailey and York lived on the George Herrick farm in 1823 ; Ich- abod Cummings began on the Ziba Smith farm in 1824, lived there one year, and re- MIDDLESEX. 241 moved the next year to the farm where he with his Oramel, now live ; Daniel Colby lived on the farm where Frank Maxham and son now live, in 1826. The most ancient writings with a pen in town, are probably in the possession of James Vaughn, among which is a book commenced by George Vaughn in Oct. 1687 ; the writing done by him being very neatly executed, and a commission of 1696, given here et literatem : "William Stoughton Esqr Lieutent Governour and Comander in chief in and over his Matys Province of the lllasssa- chusetts Bay in New England. To Jo- seph Vaughn Greeting, By virtue of the power and authority in and by his Matys Royal Commission to me granted, I do by these presents constitute and appoint you to be Ensign of the Foot Company of Mili- tia in the Town of Middleboro within the County of Plimouth whereof Jacob Thompson Gent is Lieutenant. You are therefore carefully and diligently to dis- charge the duties of an Ensign by order- ing and Exercising the sd Company in arms both Inferiour Officers and Souldiers Keeping them in good order and Disci- pline, Commanding them to obey you as their ensign, And yourself to observe and follow such orders and directions as you shall receive from your sd Lieutenant and other your Superiour Officers, according to the Rules and Discipline of War pursuant to the trust reposed in you. Given under my hand & seal at arms at Boston the Fifth day of August, 1696, In the Eighth year of the Reign of our sovereign, Lord William the Third, by the Grace of God, of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, &c. By Command of the Lieut. Governor., &c. Wm. Stoughton." Jsa. Addington, Secr'y. THE MIDDLESEX MONEY DIGGERS. " May Martin, or The Money Diggers," by D. P. Thompson, is known to be found- ed upon the fact that men dug here for money, at the foot of the nearly perpendic- ular drop of a hundred feet or more from the southerly part of the highest peak of Camel's Hump. It was commenced by a few men in 1824 or '25, who built a shanty there, one side a large piece of detached ledge, the other three sides, log of un- trimmed spruce and fir, quite young ; the roof formed by drawing in the trees as they neared the top, until the boughs met the ledge above, which shelter being pro- tected from the north and west winds by the high ledge, made a warm and com- fortable place, under which the men pro- fessed to dig in search of the treasure sup- posed to have been secreted by Capt. Kidd somewhere on this continent. They were in part directed in their search by a woman living towards the North part of tlie State, who claimed to see into unsearchable things by looking into a transparent quartz stone or piece of glass. This company subsisted mainly by duping the nearest settlers so as to get them to furnish food. One man let them have his sheep to eat until they had devoured a large flock, he expecting good pay when the treasure should be found. Many were the conjectures as to the object of these money-diggers. Some thought they were a band of counterfeiters, others that they were a set of thieves, while a few thought they were honestly digging for money, and were hopeful for their success. Their work was brought to a close by a party of young men from Middlesex, among whom was Enos Stiles, who gives the fol- lowing account of their expedition, he be- ing the only one of the party now alive : Dec. II, 1826, between 8 and 9 o'clock in the evening, Ira McElroy, Calvin Farrar, Amos L. Rice, Archy McElroy, Jerry Mc- Elroy, Alexander M. Allen and Enos Stiles started from Middlesex village for Camel's Hump, with a view to discover what they could of the work or object of the money- diggers there, and were accompanied by Nathaniel Carpenter, then a justice of the peace, who went to act as an official if any arrests should be made. As they started, it so happened Danforth Stiles, from the east part of Middlesex, one Hink- son and one Reed were on their way to the mountain, and fell in with them. There was no temperance law then to forbid, no Good Templars to interfere, and acting upon the principle that which contained the most heat and stimulus was the best beverage for a long journey in a winter's night, they took two gallons of new rum for drink with them, and what provisions 31 242 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. needed beside. Leaving their teams at Ridley's tavern, now Ridley's Station, they took their provision and drink, and pro- ceeded on foot to the mountain, about 6 miles distant. Esq. Carpenter stopped at the last house at the foot of the mountain to await for business, if needed, and the other seven of the party kept on up the steep mountain, through some two or three miles of thick forest. When about half way up, after crossing a spruce ridge and coming into hard wood where it was lighter, they called the roll, and found one man missing. Three men were detailed to go back and find him, which they did some one-third mile back, lying in the snow fast asleep, having ap- parently fallen asleep and dropped out of line unnoticed by the rest of the party. Nothing more of note occurred until they arrived in the early break of day at the headquarters of the money-diggers, where they found Rodney Clogston, of Middle- sex, the leader of the band, one Shackford, Eastman, and Friezell, up, dressed, with a good fire burning before the shanty. After looking over the premises a little, four of the party went up to the top, and were there at sunrise playing a game of cards. The south wind was blowing warm, and they suffered no inconvenience from cold. It had been warm for a number of days, and the snow was not very deep at that time. After taking breakfast, well- washed down, the Middlesex party com- menced a thorough search for goods, coin- ing implements, treasures or excavations, which continued till about i o'clock p. m., and resulted in finding nothing except a little digging done inside of the shanty in the ledge that formed one of its sides, about what might have been done by two men with powder, good drills and a sledge in one day. Giving up searching, the party came to- gether at the camp and had a social time, until some were feeling pretty well, when one man said he did not want to trouble the camp for anything, and offered to pur- chase one cent's worth of meat, which was dealt out to him. Then some of the boys, being possessed of evil spirits as well as good, commenced to break spruce twigs and put them on the fire for the. fun of seeing them burn ; this made a division, and two opposing parties were formed. Two of the men from the east part of the town sided with the dig- gers, and one remained silent and neutral, which made six against seven, when the invaders commenced piling on larger brush, and soon had the shanty in a rousing blaze. The diggers defended their property smartly by words, and declared that their things should all burn and the boys would be compelled to pay for them ; but no fighting was donfe, and before the fire reached any of their things they made a rush and saved their trumpery, and let the shanty burn. The bmsh was so dry, the blaze shot into the air some fifty feet, making a splendid sight, but the diggers' lodge was reduced to ashes. In less than two hours after, the money-diggers were all on the march for home, thus ending the digging for Captain Kidd's treasures on Camel's Hump. THE COLDEST NIGHT HERE in the month of July since the year iSi6, was probably in 1829. Enos Stiles relates that he worked at haying for Elijah Holden on the farm where Gardner Sawyer now resides, in 1829, and that he and two other men who were mowing on the loth of July threw down their whetstones on a swath of hay, one above another, and that when he took up the upper stone on the morning of the nth, the stones were frozen together so that he raised the three together when he lifted the top one. But he says the frost did not seriously injure the growing crops. FIRES. The only fire in town supposed to be in- cendiary was that burning the store, tavern- house and barns standing where B. Bar- rett's store and tavern now stand, and owned in 1835 by a man named Mann. In May, that year, the buildings, with 3 or 4 horses and one ox, were burned, and Simeon Edson, who kept tavern where J. Q. Hobart now lives, was arrested on charge of setting the fire. At a justice trial the jury found him guilty, and he was MIDDLESEX. 243 lodged in jail to await County Court trial. After being in jail for some time, he got bail, and never appeared at trial, and as there was lack of good proof, his bonds were never called for. THE SAP-FEEDER, SO generally used by maple sugar-makers to run the sap into the pans or evaporators as fast as it evaporates, was invented by the late Moses Holden, Esq., who for many years owned and carried on the sugar-place about 2 miles from his home in the village ; was a part of the Scott farm. He was a large, strong man, a great worker, and seldom had any help in sugar- ing, and often felt the need of having his sap boiling safely when he was away. Hearing a description of a floating con- trivance for regulating the amount of water running into the flume of a certain mill, gave him an idea about regulating the sap running into his sap-pans, and he went to Montpelier and told one of the tinmen there what he wanted made. The tinman would have nothing to do with it for fear of ridicule in case of a failure ; but going to another tin- shop, the tinman made the feeder accord- ing to directions, and only asked for a chance to make more if it proved a suc- cess. Mr. Holden took his invention home, elevated his sap-holder, put on his feeder, and started a fire. It worked well during the day, and when he left at night, he filled his holder with sap and his arch with wood, and when he returned in the morning, found his holder nearly empty and everything right. He never applied for a patent, but used this first feeder as long as he sugared, and it is still used by Wm. Scott, who bought the sugar-place. Moses Holden died in May, 1878, at an advanced age. He had always been a res- ident of the town, had represented it in the Legislature twice, and had filled many offices of trust and responsibility. Many stories are told of his physical strength, one of them being to the effect that he has been known to cut and split 8 cords of three- foot wood in one day. He could lift up a full barrel of cider, hold it, and drink from the bunof-hole. BURYING GROUNDS. At an early date, Hon. Seth Putnam deeded his one-acre lot in the white pine division, which is in the village, on the east side of the street opposite the railroad depot, to the town for a burying ground. The yard is well fenced, and kept in as good condition as the scanty room will ad- mit. I have not learned who was the first person buried there, and the number can- not be very accurately determined, but the cemetery is nearly all occupied. The following names, taken mostly from the headstones there, show that there sleep some of the brave veterans who fought to establish our nation, and some of the dar- ing pioneers who cleared the dense forest from our fertile fields : Lyman Tolman, aged 95, Cyrus Hill, 94, Ebenezer Woodbury — Revolutionary sol- diers ; Hon. Seth Putnam, fourth settler in town, 93 ; Capt. Holden Putnam, Captain at Plattsburgh, 86; Jesse Johnson, Sen'r, 86 ; Luther Haskins, 84 ; Mary Petty Has- kins, wife of Luther, 81 ; Sally, wife of Dr. Joseph Lewis, 83 ; Polly Goldthwait, 79 ; Elihu Atherton, 79 ; Moses Holden, 78 ; Aaron Ladd, 78 ; Jesse Johnson, Jr., ']']. As the ripened autumn leaves surely and successively drop from the forest trees and are borne to the silent earth, so are we, in sure succession, dropping from the stage of life, and being borne to the silent cities of the departed. And as the inhab- itants of these cities will soon outnumber those living in our villages and along our valleys and hill sides, it seems just and appropriate proper mention should be made of them ; and I think much credit is due the inhabitants of this town and near vicinity for the improving and adorning of their cemeteries. The ground now called THE MIDDLESEX CENTRE CEMETERY, is now one of the most neatly arranged country cemeteries to be found ; situated in a sightly, pleasant place, on the east side of the first made and most direct road from the village to the Centre, about 2 miles from the river, on the top of the first of three elevations of rolling ground found in coming from the village on this 244 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. road. Along the roadside and within the gate near the entering avenue, is a grove of handsome maples in rows, casting their shade upon the turf and over the pretty, white school house upon the left. The grounds within the cemetery are neatly arranged in 6 rows of lots, with 3 carriage avenues running the length of the ground and cross avenues. Each lot is raised above the avenues, with walk left between each 2 lots, and flowers, blooming shrubs and roses, break the mat of thick green grass and add their beauty to the sacred plots. A substantial wall and close-trimmed cedar hedge inclosing all. But it is more the tasteful arrangement of the whole that makes the place seem beautiful for every one, than any profuse adornment. The stranger, too, pauses to admire the lovely scenery around as well, and the mourners feel a spirit of thankful- ness that their dear friends are resting in so fair a place. There are some 200 graves here now, with many monuments. Jan. i, 181 2 Na- than Benton, one of the first settlers, deeded 2 acres of land here to Joseph Chapin, Josiah Holden and 16 others: the land tc be used for a neighborhood bury- ing ground. In the spring of 1822 there were 5 graves in this ground, but it was in an open field, and had not been exactly located. That year the neighbors met and appointed Stephen Herrick to meas- ure and stake out the ground, and a fence was built around it. But little was done to improve it more until about 1856, when through the influ- ence and under the supervision of Horace Holden, the friends of the deceased buried there, and others who felt interested, be- gan to kill the weeds and brakes that had become abundant, and improvements were continued from time to time till 1858, when everything was completed nearly as at pres- ent. In 1866, an association was formed called " The Middlesex Centre Cemetery Association," to which Aaron Ladd, Asa Chapin, and 21 others, owners of lots, deeded their right and title. Under the Association each one of those who deeded and each one who took an active part in the work of improving the ground were en- titled to a family lot. SOME OF THE OLDEST buried here are : Elizabeth McElroy, came from Scotland to U. S. in 1740, died in 1823, aged 99; Joseph Chapin, SenV, 96 Susanna Chase, 89 ; Jeremiah Leland, 78 Elizabeth, wife of Jeremiah Leland, 88 Samuel Daniels, 87 ; Lucretia, wife of Sam- uel Daniels, 78 ; Polly McElroy, 84 ; San- ford White, 80; Maj. John Poor, 79, and Eliza M., his wife, ']■}, — both buried in one grave; Joseph Chapin, Jr., 78 ; Horace Holden, 74 ; Marian Leland, 92 ; Abram Gale, 78, and Mary, his wife, 92 ; Marga- ret Mead, 79 ; Benjamin Willey, 72 ; Mary Wilson, 73 ; Hosea Minott, 74 ; Knight Nichols, 81, and Mercy, his wife, 92 ; Geo. H. Lewis, 71. THE NORTH BRANCH CEMETERY. On North Branch, about i mile below Putnam's Mills, is another cemetery, of which Mr. Putnam furnishes the following description : "About 1 8 ID, J no. Davis was buried on land then occupied by him, known as the Scudder lot, nearly in front of his house, on the opposite side of the road. After that time the place was used for a burying ground, and k of an acre was enclosed with a log-fence. At that time a man by the name of Flanders lived where Chester Taylor now lives ; Levi Lewis and wife, Polly, lived where G. M. Whitney now does. J no. Davis and wife, Nancy, were the first who lived on the Stiles place. James Pittsly and wife, Esther, commenced on the place known as the Bohonnon place, on the east side of the stream, now occupied by Jacob Putnam. After this, Wm. Lewis purchased the Scudder lot and the inhabitants erected a board fence around the burying lot. Oct. 8, 1863, an asso- ciation was formed called the North Branch Cemetery Association. The trustees pur- chased id acres, together with the old ground of Lathrop Lewis, son of Wm. Lewis, for $150, and built a good, substan- tial fence around it, erected a hearse-house and purchased a hearse. The location being on the main road, and the soil dry MIDDLESEX. 245 and sandy, makes it the most desirable cemetery in the town." Some of the oldest buried in North Branch Cemetery were : Clarissa Gould, aged 66 ; Ruth Minott, 66 ; Daniel Russell, 68; his wife. Temperance, 8i ; Reuben Russell, 78; his wife, Susannah, 69; John Gallison, 83 ; his wife, Phebe, 85 ; Allen Gallison, 68; Enoch Kelton, 64; his wife, Huldah, 72 ; Josiah Wright, 76; his wife, Betsy, 84 ; Nathaniel Wentworth, 71 ; Eliz- abeth, reUctof Moses Wentworth, 87 ; Wil- liam Lewis, 88 ; his wife, Hannah, 67 ; Jacob Putnam, 73 ; his wife, Polly W., 57 ; Betsy Thayer, 67 ; Isaac Batchelder, 61 ; his wife, Mary, 68 ; David Herrick, 86 ; his wife, Mary, 85 ; Stephen C. Jacobs, 76 : Andrew Tracy, 75 ; his wife, Levina, 84 ; Ebenezer Cummings, 94 ; Abel H. Cole- man, 75; David Gray, 82; David Hatch, 63 ; his wife, Sarah, 57 ; John McDermid, nearly ']'] ; his wife, Adelia, nearly 72 ; Louiza Lane, 72; Margaret Smith, 81; Thomas Culver, 71 ; his wife, Anna, 73 ; Zeley Keyes, 76; Micah Hatch, 83; his wife, Mary, 69 ; Ephraim Hall, 68 ; Tim- othy Worth, 84 ; Solomon Lewis, 89 ; his wife, Susannah, 70; his second wife, Lu- cinda, 68 ; Elizabeth Church, 60 ; Sabra Burreli, 85 ; Wm. R. Kinson, 56; Hannah Kinson, 73 ; Eunice Edgerly, 64. Mrs. Lydia King, widow of Elder Na- thaniel King, died at the house of her son- in-law, Stephen Herrick, at the age of 91 years, and was buried in Northfield. REMARKABLE CASE OF PETRIFACTION. In March, 1846, James Vaughn (the writer's father,) and family, which in- cluded his father, Daniel Vaughn, moved from Pomfret, this state, on to a farm in the N. W. part of Middlesex. "Uncle Daniel," as he was universally called in Windsor County, was a man about 5 feet, 10 inches in height, broad shouldered, stout built, and weighing some more than 200 lbs. He was noted for his remarkable strength, his strong, heavy voice, his sociality, his song-singing and story-telling, and was a notedly robust man, the solidity of muscle increasing as age advanced to such an extent as to make it necessary for him to use a cane or crutches for the last 15 years of his life. He died of dropsy June 3, 1846, aged 78 years, and by his request was buried in a place selected by himself in a sightly spot near the house where he died. The following March the eldest daughter of James Vaughn, aged 16, died of consump- tion, and was buried in a grave near her grandfather. In Feb. 1855 their remains were taken up to be removed to the family burying-lot in Woodstock cemetery. The remains of the young lady were found in the usual condition of those buried that length of time. The uncommon heft of Mr. Vaughn's coffin led to an examination of the re- mains, when it was found that the body had become petrified. Every part, ex- cepting the nose, was in perfect form, nearly its natural color, but a little more of a yellowish tinge, hard like stone, and it weighed 550 lbs. The petrified body was viewed by Mr. Vaughn's family and many of the neighbors in Middlesex, and was also seen by many at Woodstock. A somewhat minute examination by physi- cians and scientific men revealed the fact that the fingers, toes and the outer part of the body were very hard and brittle, but that the length of time had not been suffi- cient to so fully change the inner portions of the most fleshly parts of the body and limbs. But it was generally believed by those who made examination that a few years more of time would have made the work of petrifaction complete, and chan- ged the entire body to a mineral forma- tion, that would perhaps endure for ages. A biographical sketch of him we have not given, as it properly belongs in Pom- fret history, of which town he was an early settler. SUDDEN AND ACCIDENTAL DEATHS. Luther Haskins, aged about 80, died in a chair in Barrett & Holden's store. He .sat leaning slightly back, and was first noticed to be dead by Will Herrick, who happened to go into the store. Nancy Hornbrook, aged 16, daughter of Wm. Hornbrook, dropped dead at a party at Alfred Warren's, about the year 1856. 246 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. When the railroad was being built, Lo- vina Cameron, aged about 13, dau. of Ira Cameron, of this town, was visiting in Berlin. She and a cousin and another girl were walking over the railroad bridge near Montpelier Junction, stepping from one stringer to another, all having hold of hands, when one made a misstep, and Miss Cameron and her cousin fell through into the river and were drowned. U. W. Goodell, nephew of L. D. Ains- worth, was struck on the forehead by a stick thrown by a circular saw while work- ing in Mr. Ainsworth's saw-mill, and lived but a few hours. Chester Newton, while working in the same mill, helping to saw logs, was twitch- ed upon the large circular saw, by the saw catching a board he was moving, and so hor- ribly mangled that he lived but a short time. Alvaro, son of Frederick Richardson, brakeman on the cars, aged 26 years, was killed by his head striking the timbers overhead in the dry-bridge at Waterbury, in 1879. Hinkley Chapin, aged 22, was killed at the same place, and in the same way, in 1851. In 1872, Louis AmePs house, on east hill, caught fire from smoking meat in the wood-shed, and Mr. Amel was overcome by the flames while removing property, and burned with the house. Age, 51 yrs. Nathaniel Daniels was drowned in 1818 ; see account of freshets. George, a son of Hiram Williams, was drowned in the river below the Narrows, while bathing, aged about 16. Frank, son of Osgood Evans, was in a boat above the Narrows, one pad- dle broke, and he went over the falls and was drowned. His body was found in the eddy below the Narrows. . The only son of Asa Chapin, was drowned in a spring while drawing water for use in the house, and a little son of Samuel Mann was drowned in a spring on the Stephen Her- rick farm. James Daniels, aged about 78, living at Lawrence Fitzgerald's, was found dead in bed in the morning. There have been 10 cases of suicide in the last 60 years by Middlesex people, 7 of which were committed in town. STEPHEN HERRICK. BY THE EDITOR. We do not usually give sketches of the living, but the senior writer of this town history being so aged a man, and it being somewhat remarkable in his case that of 210 men living in the town when he set- tled here, who had families, that he has been the last survivor of them all for eight and a half years past, it seems a moderate autobiographic record in such circum- stances is admissible. Mr. Herrick is of English and Scotch descent, son of Stephen, senior ; born in Randolph, Vt., Feb. 19, 1795. In the fall of 1820, he came to Middlesex, and se- lected his location, bought in October, but returned to Randolph, taught school that winter after in Brookfield, and returned to Middlesex in April, 1821. He bought his farm of Reuben Mann, son of Samuel, who was one of the first settlers, and where Mr. H. has continued to reside for the past 61 years. He married Lydia, dau. of Rev. Nathaniel King ; their children : Eliza — mar. ist, Chester Pierce of N. H., 2d, Samuel Warren of Middlesex, 3d, Ad in Miles of Worcester, has three children living : Nathaniel King, the only son, who m. Jane Foster, 3 children, 2 living — King Herrick, as he is always called, is a merchant at Middlesex village ; Emily R., who died at 22 ; Harriet, who m. Abram S. Adams, had 5 children, and is deceased : Laura Jane, who m. John McDermid, had 2 daughters, buried one ; Nancy Jane, who m. Arthur McDermid, bro. to John, 3 chil- dren, her husband dying, m. 2d, Freder- erick A. Richardson ; Lydia Ann, who mar. Heman Taplin, no children ; and youngest, Alma R., born In 1842, married V. V. Vaughn, Mar. 8, 1865,— children, Mabel, died at 10 yeafs, Wilmar Herrick, Ida Alma, and Frank Waldo. Mr. Herrick has been a man of great physical strength and vigorous mind. The following will evince what his mental ability has been : When the Vt. Central R. R. was being built, Abram B. Barker and Thomas MIDDLESEX. 247 Haight contracted to build 2 miles of it below Middlesex village. They carried on work for about a year and failed. Ste- phen Herrick took a contract to finish the work; carried it on about 13 months, and in consequence of short estimates also failed — but for which he immediately com- menced a suit against the R. R. Co., and afterwards was retained for and commen- ced a suit in favor of Barker and Haight as agent for their creditors. After carry- ing on these suits for 8 years he got a de- cree against the R. R. Co. in his own case for about $9000 ; the Barker & Haight suit he prosecuted for 20 years be fore getting a final decree. In these suits he took all his testimony himself, examined his witnesses himself in court, and wrote out his own pleas. In a word he was his own lawyer. It is said he once appeared in Supreme court with his case written out, filling 300 pages, that Gov. Paine, the president of the road, said that that book would be the death of him. Mr. Herrick tells the story now well, and adds //lai it was. When Gov. Paine was summoned, he told the officer he had rather meet the devil than that Stephen Herrick in the court. He has also successfully, as town agent, managed many suits for the town, includ- ing the noted Wythe pauper suit with Moretown, the Beckwith suit in regard to settling the 3 ministerial lots, and the East Hill road suit, and has managed many grand jury suits, in all of which he acted as his own counsel and made his own pleas. The Saturday before the death of the late Hon. Daniel Baldwin, these two old men met upon the street at Montpelier village. Said Mr. Baldwin, "We two old men, the two oldest inhabitants of ourresi^ective neighboring towns, should have a visit to- gether." Mr. Herrick assented, and asked where it should be. "It must be at my house," replied Mr. Baldwin, " and next Saturday, one week from to-day." The following Wednesday Mr. Baldwin died. Mr. Herrick seems remarkably hale and hearty yet. REVOLUTIONARY PENSIONERS. No official list of Revolutionary soldiers who have resided in Middlesex can be ob- tained, but the following-named men are said to have been Revolutionary pension- ers who have lived in town : Estes Hatch, — Sloan, Jas. Hobart, Cyrus Hill, Micah Hatch, David Phelps, Col. Joseph Hutch- ins, Joseph Chapin, Sr., Lyman Tolman. Seth Putnam was one of the first three settlers in Washington County, having moved into Middlesex in 1785. He was a cousin to the noted Israel Putnam, and as a subaltern in Col. Warner's celebrated regiment of Green Mountain Boys, partic- ipated in their battles and marches in the old Revolution. He related many of his adventures of the first settlement, and among them one of a remarkable march which he made through the wilderness in a snow-storm, from Rutland, where he had been in attendance as a member of the legislature during the month of November. The only traveled road to his home was then around by Burlington, SOLDIERS, BURIED IN TOWN IN THE WAR OF 1 86 1. S. F. Jones, Jacob Jones and Zenas Hatch, — in North Branch Cemetery. Chester Newton, — in the Cemeteiy at the Center. Nathaniel Jones, — in the village Ceme- tery. Mrs. Esther Shontell, of this town, sent seven sons into the army in this war : Wil- liam, who measured 6 feet 8 inches in height ; Benjamin, 6 feet 4 inches ; Fred- erick, 6 feet 3 inches ; Leander, 5 feet 9 inches ; Lewis, 6 feet i inch ; Joseph, 6 feet 7 inches ; Augustus, 6 feet. Two of the brothers were killed ; and the mother draws a pension for one of them. Anoth- er left a widow, and two are pensioned on account of wounds. O, the strong Middlesex boys W ere luad for tlie war I And Die name of each Iiero To the ages afar Shall leave a track like a comet- Each shine as a star. 248 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. List of Men credited to the Town of Middlesex, i 861-1865. BY STEPHEN IIERKICK. VOLUNTEERS FOR THREE YEARS. Names. Age. Reg. Co. Enlistment. Brown, Harvey W. 19 2 F May 7 61 Smith, William S. 22 do do Ripley, William C. 21 3H June I 61 Scribner, Walter 21 4G Aug 22 61 Herrick, George S. 23 do Aug 29 61 Leonard, Alonzo R. 21 do Sept 3 61 Leonard, Charles P. 19 do do Cushman, George H. 34 do Aug 22 61 Evans, Goin B. 21 6 G Feb 1862 Gould, Page 21 6H Aug 14 61 Gould, Worthen T. 18 do do Jones, Stephen F. 44 do do Jones, Jacob G. 18 do do Divine, John 30 6 G Oct 15 61 Lee, John Jr. 32 do Sept 20 61 Sweeny, James 35 do Sept 23 61 Leonard, John R. 26 6 F Oct 3 61 Whitney, Elijah 31 do Oct 8 61 Hogan, John 22 6H Aug 14 61 Shontell, William 25 8 E Oct"" 21 61 Shontell, Benjamin 24 do Dec 16 61 Shontell, Frederick 22 do Jan ID 62 Shontell, Leander 19 do Dec 16 61 Amel, Louis 3« do Oct 7 61 Warren, Lorenzo S. do Dec 7 61 Warren, Alonzo S. 20 do do Kinson, Benjamin H. 26 do Oct 3 61 Wilson, Francis 28 do do Nichols, Roswell S. 41 do Nov 30 61 Lewis, Frederick A. 18 CavC Sept 13 61 Lewis, UeForest L. 20 do Nov 12 61 Scott, Elisha 50 do Sept 20 61 George, Albert 21 do Sept 13 61 Smith, John W. 41 do Sept 12 61 Chase, Austin A. 21 do Oct 3 61 Spencer, George W. 28 do Sept 20 61 Hastings, Sidney B. 42 do do Dudley, William N. 32 do Sept 12 61 Preston, Philander R. 27 do Sept 21 61 Wells, Warren O. 38 1st Bat Dec 3 61 Hills, Zerah 34 do do Oakland, George 24 2d Bat Oct 2361 Hogan, Henry 20 9 I June 18 62 Smith, William P. 19 do June 30 62 Cushman, Holmes 27 ID B July 25 62 Williams, Hiram 29 do Aug I 62 Morrisett, John 28 do July 30 62 Patterson, Robert 35 do Aug 6 62 Scaribo, Fabius 28 do Aug 4 62 Lewis, Charles J. 25 11 D Aug 12 62 Fifield, William C. 41 6 F Aug 15 62 Tobin, John W. 18 do do Cameron, Sylvester 25 do do Ward, Tertullus C. 26 do Bean, Albert 23 2 D do Bruce, George W. 23 loK Aug II 62 Jones, Jabez 19 II I Dec 5 63 Chase, Amos J. 40 Cav C Nov 24 63 Buck, William H. H. 22 Cav G Dec II 63 Templeton, James A. 45 Cav C Dec 863 Cameron, John 26 do Dec 18 63 Rublee, Otis N. 18 3d Bat Sept 563 Herrick, Geo. S. 25 do Nov 2 63 Amel, Louis 19 do Sept 1563 Remarks. Died Feb. 4, 63, at Point Lookout, Md. Died Sept. 5, 61, at Washington, D. C. Discharged Nov. 8, 62. [23, 65. Corp : pris. June 23, 64 : must, out May Discharged Jan. 21, 63. Discharged Dec. 18, 62. Re-en. Feb. 8, 64 : must, out May 23, 65. Corp : killed at Weldon R.R. June 23, 64. Discharged April 24, 63. [June 26, 65. First Serg : wd. April 16, 62 : must, out Died Jan. 4, 63, at Belle Plains, Va. Died Feb. 63, at Brattleboro. Died Jan. 24, 62, at Camp Griffin. Re-en. Dec. 1 5, 63 : must, out June 26, 65. Re-en. Dec. 15, 63 : must, out July 15, 65. Discharged Jan. 8, 62. Mustered out Oct. 28, 64. First Lieut : resigned June 19, 62. Wd. April 16, 62 : deserted Jan. 19, 63. Corp : discharged Feb. 12, 63. Discharged Oct. 16, 62. Died May j6, 62. Wd. Sept. 4, 62 : must, out Aug. 3, 64. Re-en. Jan. 5, 64 : must, out June 28, 65. Wd. Sept. 4, 62 : dis. April 6, 63. Died March 19, 63. Died June 18, 62. Corp : died Dec. 5, 62. Musician : discharged June 30, 62. Paroled pris : must, out May 23, 65. Mustered out Nov. 18, 64. do [Nov. 1 8, 64. Pro. Corp : wd. Apr. i, 63 : mustered out Corp : discharged Oct. 9, 62. Discharged Nov. 27, 61. Discharged Oct. 3, 62. Discharged Nov. 18, 64. Discharged Jan. 13, 63. ' Wd. July 6, 63 : Re-en. Dec. 31, 63'; tak- ken pris. June 29, 64; died at Florence, : S. C, Jan., 65. Corp : mustered out Aug. 10, 64. [La. Col-p : died June 25, 63, at Port Hudson, Corp: re-en.Feb.20,64: mus.out July 31,65 Pro. Corp: do. Serg: mus. out June 13, 65. Died Oct. 12, 62. Mustered out June 22, 65. Died Feb. 17, 65, at Washington, D. C. Mustered out June 22, 65. Wd. Oct. 19, 64: dis. May 27, 65. Mustered out June 22, 65. [15, 65. Sec. Lt : pro. istLt : do. Capt : dis. May Must, out June 19,65. [out June 19, 65. Wd.Sep. 19, 64: pro. Corp: do Serg: mus. Mustered out June 19, 65. Killed in ac. at Gettysburgh, July 3, 63. Died Oct. 3, 64, at Sandy Hook, of wds. Deserted July 5, 63. Died at Middlesex, July 10, 65. Mustered out Aug. 9, 65. Discharged Sept. 15, 65. Mustered out Aug. 9, 65. Wd. May 6, 64 : discharged Feb. 22, 65. Musician : mustered out June 15, 65. do do do MIDDLESEX. 249 Names. Age. Reg. Co. , Enlistment. Remarks. Chase, Albert H. 19 •3d Bat Aug 29 63 Mustered out June i q, 61;. Kirkland, William 21 do Sept 563 do Leonard, Alonzo R. 21 do do do Libby, Frank F. iS do Nov II 63 Promoted Corporal : do Shontell, William 27 do Sept 1 5 63 do Stone, Charles H. 20 do Sept 363 do Hastings, Flavel J. 20 Cav C Dec 4 63 Mustered out Aug. 9, 65. [Aug. 17, 64. Scott, George W. 18 do Dec II 63 Pris. June 29, 64 : died at Andersonville, Wheeler, Charles 45 10 B Dec 19 63 Discharged May 15, 65. Wing, Lemuel B. 18 SSC Dec 28 63 Discharged Mar. 10, 65. [9, 65. Murray, Henry '9 CavC Dec 31 63 Pro. Serg : wd. Apr. 3, 65 : must out Aug. Shepley, Elliot W. 43 do Dec 25 63 Wd. May 5, 64 : Must, out Aug 9, 65. Towner, John S. 26 do Dec 18 63 Pris. June 29, 64 : died Oct. 2, 64. Barton, David 44 10 B Dec 14 63 Mustered out June 29, 64. Smith, Abner 42 do Dec 28 63 Killed in act. at Cold Harbor, June 1,64. Magoon, Henry C. i8 4 G do Died at Brattleboro, Aug. 20, 64. Mee, Cornelius 18 II H Dec 19 63 Mustered out Aug 2, 65. Mustered out July 14, 65 : pro. Corp. Willey, Albert 19 17 c Sept 3 63 VOLUNTEERS FOR NINE MONTHS, Putnam, Chris. C. Jr. 23 13 I Aug 25 62 Pro. Serg : must, out July 21, 63. Whitney, William H. H. , 22 do do Discharged April 6, 63. Whitney, Hiram G. 20 do do Musician : mustered out July 21,63. Whitney, Sidney E. 18 do Aug 29 62 do Jones, Dudley B. 31 do do do Jones, Jabez 18 do do do Benjamin, R. Plummer 22 13 B do do Jones, Edwin 18 do do do McElroy, Clesson R. do Aug 25 62 2d Lt : pro. 1st Lt: mus. out July 21, 63. Luce, Merrill O. 18 do do Corp : pro. Serg : do Potwin, Joseph 36 do do Corp : do Ordway, Royal 30 do do Mustered out July 21, 63. Barnett, William W. 28 do do do Willey, Albert 18 do do do Flood, Gregory 18 13 H do do Nichols, Eugene 25 13 B do do Miles, Otis G. 31 do do Pro. Corp : Must, out July 21, 63. Chase, Albert H. 18 do do do - McCarron, Barney 18 do do do Chamberlin, Burt J. 20 do do do Rublee, Otis H. 18 13 A Oct 3 62 Musician : do White, Lucian W. 23 13 B Sept I 62 do Moulton, Stedman D. 30 do Sept 3 62 Discharged April 24, 63. Wright, Edwin L. 27 13 c Aug 29 62 Mustered out July 21, 63. Taylor, Francis F. 18 do Sept 862 Died April 16, 63, Lawrence, George S. 22 do Sept 1 5 62 Mustered out July 21, 63. Scribner, Hiram W. 18 do Sept 8 62 do Slade, William 42 do Sept 10 62 do VOLUNTEERS FOR ONE YEAR. Atridge, Nathaniel 21 Rec Aug 19 64 Discharged Oct. i, 64. Cameron, James 18 2 D July 30 64 Mustered out June 19, 65. [pris, of wds. Jones, Edwin R. 20 CavC Aug 22 64 Died Oct. 7, 64, at Mt. Jackson, Va., while Nichols, Henry W. 18 2D Aug 2 64 Mustered out June 19, 65. [June 19, 65. Alden, Sylvester O. 27 do Aug 19 64 Wd. at Cedar Creek.Oct. 19, 64 : must, out Edgerly, James 39 do Aug 20 64 Died Oct. 31, 64, at Winchester, Va. Saunders, Asa S. 28 do do Mustered out Tune 19, 61;. Dodge, Wallace W. 21 3d Bat Aug 22 64 do Dutton, Charles H. 22 do do do Wakefield, William H. 23 17 E Aug 31 64 Mustered out June 2, 65. Andrews, Salmon F. 28 do do Mustered out May 13, 65. Whitney, Geo. M. 34 FrontCav Jan 3 65 do June 27, 65. Connor, Francis R. 21 do do do Whitney, Sidney E. 20 do do do Stiles, Orrin 43 2D Feb 4 65 Mustered out July 115, 6s. Nichols, Eugene H. 22 do do do Loizell, Julius 18 do Feb 8 65 do Smith, James H. 22 7 I Feb II 65 Mustered out Feb. 11, 66. Wells, Warren li 5t Corps Jan 25 65 Discharged Jan. 24, 66. Marsh, Rufus H. do Feb 14 65 Discharged Feb. 13, 66. Richardson, Plummer H . 20 6K Mar 1 5 65 Mustered out June 26, 65. 250 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Names. Hatch, Zenas Vaughn, Henry J. Woodward, Harrisoi Hogan, John C. Orrin Bruce, Myron W. Miles, Age. DRAFIED AND KNTERED SKRVICE. Rey. Co. EnViUmenl. 21 2 D July 13 63 6 E do 2 K do Remarks. Wd. at Spottsylvania, Mav 12, 64: died Nov. II, 64, of wds. rec. Oct. 19, 64. Mustered out June 13, 65. Discharged Jan. 23, 64. SUBSTITUTE — FOR M. O. EVANS. 20 4 I July 23 63 Pris. June 23, 64 : sup. died in reb. pris. PAID COMMUTATION. Francis E. Connor, Jeremiah Mahonev, Luther Maxhani, Chester Smith, E. D. Williams, ' Chas. H. Willev. SOLDIERS IN THE WAR OF l8l2. Being unable to obtain an official list of the 1812 soldiers, I rely on the recollection of the oldest men in town for the following list of Plattsburgh Volunteers : Holden Putnam, captain of the Company from Middlesex and vicinity, Horace Hol- den, Xerxes Holden, Lewis Putnam, Ze- bina Warren, Nathaniel Carpenter, Alan- son Carpenter, Samuel Barnett, David Har- rington, Ephraim Keyes, Benj. Chatterton, Nathan Huntley, Abram Gale, Rufus Cham- berlin, Rufus Leland, Samuel Meads, Jesse Johnson, Hubbard Willey, " Priest" Cole. It is related respecting some of the Mid- dlesex volunteers to Plattsburgh : The Sunday previous to the battle, a Middlesex minister, known as "Priest" Cole, preach- ed a fiery war sermon, in which he urged every man capable of bearing arms to bravely turn out and meet the British in case of an invasion. Before the close of that week the march of the enemy towards Vermont was announced, and the reverend minister was one of the volunteers. When Captain Putnam reached the Lake with his company, he drew them up in a line, and gave orders for "all who had the cannon fever and did not want to cross the lake, to fall back to the rear." Not a man stirred except Priest Cole, who stepped back a few paces and there remained. A few days after the battle, Rev. Mr. C. was sitting in Enoch Clark's store, in the house now occupied by L. D. Ainsworth, when Esquire Nathaniel Carpenter entered, and sitting down by his side, slapping him on the knee, remarked, "Priest Cole, I was never more surprised in my life than I was to see you step back and not want to meet the British." Mr. Cole coolly replied, " Esq. Carpenter, it is a great deal easier to preach than to practice." OUR CHRISTMAS TREE AT THE CHURCH. BY MES. ALMA K. VAUGUN. You have asked lor a poem, and what shall it be? O, yes, I will sing for our new Christmas tree. Let all come under its boughs, the great and the small. It' the house is not full, 'tis no (^hristmas at all. Let us laugh and be merry; all be of good cheer. For our Christmas day conies only once in a year, — How delighted and happy we all feel to-night, How the little ones look on tlie tree with delight I But I could not but think, as we just knelt in prayer, Of the poor and the lowly, have they a gift there? And my mind it turned back to the thouglits of the morn. That 'twas on Cliristmas Eve that our Saviour was born. Though the gift may be humble that's placed on the tree, 'Tis in memory of Christ;— like His gifts let it be;— If a gift to tlie poor or the meek has been given. You've laid up for yourselves a rich treasure in Heaven. We now honor His birthday with gifts and with mirtli ; Let us hope for His kindness and love while on earth, Anfi that Heaven's rich blessings may rest on us all. That no sorrow, nor evil, nor ill may befall. Then take not the gifts from the tree with fond pride. But think 'twas for tliee that our Saviour has died; And receive each gift liumbly, to-night, from the tree. As an emblem of love— of His kindness to thee. SUNSHINE WILL FOLLOW THE RAIN. BY MKS. ALMA K. VAUGHN. Life has its moments of gladness. Life lias its moments of pain; Yet God, He is near in our sorrow. Sunshine will follow the rain. Why are we ever a shading Our moments of gladness with pain? . Why are we apt to repining? Sunshine will follow tlie raiu. NOTHING LEFT UNDONE. Oh, can we, as the night has come. Review the day with pride, and say. We have left nothing now undone Of which we should have done to-day? For soon, liow soon our days are through. Our work in life will all be done; Oh, can we say, as death draws nigh, No eajrthly task is left undone ? [We selected from Mrs. Vaughn's poems one or two other pieces, which we should give would it not overrun the pages allot- ted for Middlesex. — Ed.'\ MONTPELIER. 251 MONTPELIER. BY HON. ELIAKIM P. WALTON. From the first Vermont grant of the town of Montpelier, Oct. 21, 1780, to Jan. I, 1849, the territory known by that name embraced the present towns of Montpelier and East Monpelier ; hence this paper will for that period give the history of the two existing towns under the original name, and of the present town of Mont- pelier from the last-named date. location. The origmal town was located on the longest river which has both its origin and embouchure within the State — the Win- ooski. In a map published at New Haven, Conn., about 1779, this river was called, ' ' A', a la iMoelle, French R. or iremisoo R. , also Otiiain A." The first name was given by Champlain in 1609, to the next princi- pal river north, now called Lamoille, and it was erroneously applied to the Winooski on the map referred to ; French, or Onion, river was the name given in early New Hampshire charters of towns located on the river, and ' ' IVenusoo " and ' ' Oniain'''' were the erroneous readings by the drafts- man or engraver, for the genuine and beau- tiful Winooski, and the equally genuine but strong-flavored Onion, which suggests rather the richness of the broad meadows on either bank than the exceeding beauty of the mingled landscape of water, meads and magnificent mountains. The town was located in fatitude 44° 17' north, and longitude 4° 25' east from tlie capitol at Washington, and about 10 miles north-east from the exact geograph- ical centre of the State, which is near the west line of Northfield, in the mountain between Northfield and Waitsfield. Four important branches embouch in the town or on its border : Dog river from the south, Stevens's Branch from the south-east and Kingsbury's Branch and North Branch from the north, while the Winooski itself enters near the north-eastern, and runs to the south-western, corner of the town. Dog river gave the passage for the Vermont Central railroad through the mountains to the third branch of White river, which has its source at the same level as that of Dog river ; Stevens's Branch has the same source in one of its branches as the second branch of White river, which cuts through the eastern mountain range by the famous " Gulf" in WilliamstOwn, and a branch of Stevens's, from Barre, gives easy access to the valley of Wait's river. The northern branches of the Winooski give eligible passes to the upper valleys of Wells and Lamoille rivers, and North Branch gives an easy and almost a perfectly straight pass into the valley of the Lamoille, oppositeWild Branch, which cuts through to a branch of Black river, and thas opens a clear way to Lake Memphremagog at Newport. This location of the town, so central and so easily accessible to the surrounding coun- try in every direction, probably had an important influence in making it the polit- ical capital of the State, as it certainly has had upon the thrift of its business men. These facts also indicate that in the future, as ability shall be given, the village of Montpelier will become the centre for the intersection of at least five railroad lines, ruixuing in tlie river valleys above named, making it ultimately as accessible by rail as it has been by the ordinary highways. The Central railroad now opens two of these valleys to Montpelier ; in the third, the Montpelier and Wells River railroad is now in operation ; in the fourth, the managers of the Central road contemplate the laying of a track,' and in that event the valley of the North Branch to the Lamoille will alone remain to be occupied. A survey for a railroad there has been made, and the route is proved to be feasible. earliest grants. The earliest known grant of any part of the territory, on which the township was located, was made by CadwalladerColden, Lieutenant and acting Governor of the then royal Province of New York, June 13, 1770, under the name of "Newbrook," which was a grant to Jacobus Van Zant. On a niap of Vermont, and of parts of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York and Pennsylvania, published at New Haven, Conn., when the inhabitants of Vermont held their lands "by the triple title of 252 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. honest purchase, of Industry in Settling, and now lately that of conquest,'''' the last phrase indicating about 1779 as the date — this New York township seems to have embraced Montpelier eastward from ashort distance west of the mouth of North Branch, near the spot on which the State Capitol stands, with parts of Barre, Plainfield and Berlin.* On the 25th of June, 1770, still another small portion of Montpelier, on the East- ern border of the town, was granted, by the same authority, under the name of " Kingsborough," to John Morin Scott, who was subsequently a delegate from New York in the Continental Congress ; and on the 3d of July, 1771, John Murray, Earl of Dunmore, and then Governor of New York, granted yet another portion, under the name of " Kilby," to William McAdams. According to the map referred to, this grant covered all but a very narrow gore between the New Hampshire grant of Middlesex and the preceding New York grants of Kingsborough and Newbrook. Hon. Hiland Hall has suggested that Newbrook embraced Waterbury and vi- cinity, Kingsborough, Montpelier and vi- cinity, and Kilby, Middlesex and vicinity ;f but the New Haven map very correctly marks all the towns granted by New Hampshire on the North side of the Win- ooski, from Colchester to Middlesex, both included, with the names they now bear, ex- cept BelioH for Bolton, and an dmission of the corner of Richmond, which is included in Jericho. Immediately adjoining and East of Middlesex is " Kilby," just where Montpelier belongs. The only difficulty * The explanation on the map brings ont so strongly the Vermont spirit of those days, that it is worth copy- ing entire, as follows : "The Townships or Grants East of Lake Cham- " PLAIN are laid down as granted by tlie State of '•New Hampshire, Except those that are marked " Y Which were grantcnl|ielicr was aslvcd, a Britisli party passed Ihroiigh ihat town, on tlicir way to attack Royulton.—yee B. H. \\\\.\\'& Eastern Veini ;i.s:j. t VI. Hisl. .•Soc. Coll., Vol. II. pages -iti, 41 44, 6U-69. pointed to take into consideration the sit- uation of ungranted lands within this State which can be settled, and the several pe- titions filed in the Secretary's office pray- ing for grants of unlocated lands, and report their opinion w/iat lands can be granted and what persons will most con- duce to the welfare of t/iis State to Iiave such grants. The members chosen by ballot are, Mr. Samuel Robinson, Mr. [Edward] Harris, Col. [John] Strong, Mr. [EI:)enezer] Cur- tiss, and Mr. [Joshua] Webb.* This Committee was deemed so impor- tant that on the 17th of October, 1780, the Assembly added to it four members, to wit: Mr. [Matthew] Lyon, Mr. [Benja- min] Whipple, Mr. [Thomas] Porter, and Mr. [Major Thomas] Murdock.f The members of this Committee were selected from the then most important towns in the State, to wit : Bennington, Halifax, Dorset, Windsor, Rockingham, Arlinsj- ton, Rutland, Tinmouth and Norwich ; and the Council completed the Committee by adding leading men of the time, all noted in Vermont history, to wit : Ira Allen, John Fassett, (Jr.,) Jonas Fay and Paul Spooner.J The grant of the township of Montpel- ier — a name given by Col. Jacob Davis — was, in this emergency, the first one rec- ommended by the Committee and the first one authorized by the General Assembly. In General Assembly, I Saturday Oct. 21st, 1780. \ The committee appointed to take into consideration the ungranted lands in this State, and the several Pitches on file in the Secretary's office, &c., brought in the fol- lowing report, viz : "That, in our opinion, the following tract of land, viz : lying east of and adjoin- ing Middlesex, on Onion river, and partly north of Berlin, containing 23040 acres, be granted by the Assembly unto Col. Timo- thy Bigelow and Company, by the name of Montpelier." Signed, Paul Spooner, Chairman. The aforesaid report was read and ac- cepted, and Resolved, That there be and hereby is granted unto Col. Timothy Bigelow and company, being sixty in number, a town- ship of land, by the name of Montpelier, * Ms. Assembly Journal, 1778-1784, p. 128. t Same Axsoiihly Journal, p. 130. t J/i. Journals of (Juinuil, 1778 lo 1780, ;j. al3. 254 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. situate and lyin^ in this State, bounded as follows, viz : lying east of and adjoining Middlesex, on Onion river, and partly north of Berlin, containing 23040 acres : And the Governor and Council are hereby requested to issue a Grant or Charter of incorporation of said township of Montpe- lier, under such restrictions, reservations, and for such considerations, as they shall judge best for the benefit of the State. * In Council, ? Saturday, 21st Oct., "1780. ^ The Governor and Council, to whom was referred the stating the fees for the grant of land made this day, by the General As- sembly of this State, having had the same under their consideration, have stated the fees aforesaid at four hundred and eighty pounds for the sd. land, being one town- ship by the name of Montpelier, in hard money, or an equivalent in Continental Currency, to be paid by Col. Timothy Big- elow or his attorney, on the execution of the Charter of Incorporation, on or before the 2oth day of January next. Attest, Joseph Fay, Secy. i;48o. t Although the sole condition of the grant was the payment of ^480, in specie or an equivalent in Continental Currency, by the 20th of January 1781, the first charter was not granted until the 14th of August of that year, when a very imperfect charter was drawn — probably by Thomas Tolman, one of the grantees and Deputy Secretary of the Governor and Council — and execu- ted by Governor Chittenden. In this char- ter no boundaries were given to the town ; the customary five rights reserved for edu- tional and religious purposes were not in- serted, but were referred to as in the char- ter of the town of Ripton ; and two onerous conditions were imposed, to wit : first, that within 3 years after the circumstances of the then existing war would permit, 5 acres of land should be planted or cultivated, a house at least 18 feet square on the floor be erected, and one family settled, on each respective Right, on penalty of forfeiture of the land ; and, second, reserving all Pine Timber suitable for a Navy to the use and benefit of the Freemen of the State. As this is not tJic charter of the town, another having been substituted for it, and granted to the original and a few other grantees. * Ms. Assembly Journal 1778-1784 ;). 138. t Ms. Journals of Council, 1778 to 1780, p. 315. in 1804, it is omitted in this paper, and the reader is referred for a copy to Hon. Daniel P. Thompson's Histoiy of Montpe- lier, published in i860, pp. 21 and 22. Notwithstanding the imperfection of the charter of 1781, the proprietors proceeded to allot and organize the town under it, be- ginning with a warning dated June 1 1 , 1784, which was less than three years from the date of the original charter, and four- teen months after the close of the Revolu- tionary War, by Gen. Washington's proc- lamation of Apr. 19, 1783. Before noticing the proprietors and the record of their meetings, it is best to give a list of the proprietors, which is embraced in»the per- fected and now actual charter of the town, that was authorized by a special act of the General Assembly, passed Feb. i, 1804, and executed on the 6th of the same month. The Charter of Montpelier. The Govei'Hor of the State of Ver- [l.s.] inont, to all People to who in these Presents shall come. Greeting : Whereas, the Legislature of the State of Vermont, at their adjourned session, hold- en at Windsor, on the first day of Febru- ary A. D. 1804, was pleased to pass an act entitled ' an act authorizing the Gov- erernor of this State to issue a new charter of Montpelier,' — A/'cnu, therefore. Know Ve, that I, Isaac Tichenor, Goverjior within and over said State, and in the name, and by the author- ity of the same, and in pursuance of, and by virtue of the act aforesaid, Do, by these presents, give and grant the tract of land hereafter described and bounded, unto Tim- othy Bigclow, and to the several persons hereafter named, his associates, in equal shares, viz : Ebenezer Waters, Ebenezer Upham, Elisha Wales, Elisha Smith Wales, Joel Frizzle, Bethuel Washburn, John Wash- burn, Elijah Rood, Thomas Chittenden, George Foot, Elisha Smith, Jedediah Strong, James Prescott, Jacob Brown, Gid- eon Ormsbee, James Mead, John W. Dana, Timothy Brownson, Gideon Horton, Mat- thew Lyon, Samuel Horsford, Ithamer Horsford, William Smith, Jacob Spear, Jonas Galusha, MaryGalusha, Noah Smith, Moses Robinson. Moses Robinson, Jun., John Fassett, Jun., Jonas Fay, Abiathar Waldo, Thomas Tolman, Timothy Stan- ley, Joseph Dagget, Ira Allen, Lyman Hitchcock, James Gamble, Alanson Doug- MONTPELIER. 255 lass, Adam Martin, the heirs of Isaac Nash, Jonathan Brace, Howell Woodbriclge, Ja:mes Brace, Henry Walbridge, Jun., Jo- seph Fay, William Goodrich, Sybil Good- rich, Thomas Matterson, Amos Waters, David Galusha, Jacob Davis, Ephraim Starkweather, Shubael Peck, Jacob Davis, Jan., Thomas Davis, John Ramsdell, Issa- cher Reed, Isaac G. Lansingh, PLbenezer Davis, Asa Davis, Levi Davis, Ebenezer Stone, and Samuel Allen, — Which, together with the five following Rights, reserved to the several public uses, in manner following, include the whole of said tract or township, to wit: One Right for the use of a Seminary or College, one Right for the use of County Grammar Schools in said State, lands to the amount of one Right to be and remain for the set- tlement 'of a Minister or Ministers of the Gospel in said Township forever, lands to the amount of one Right for the support of the social worship of God in said Town- ship, and lands to the amount of one Right for the support of an English School or Schools in said Township, — which said two Rights for the use of a Seminary or Col- lege, and for the use of County Grammar Schools, as aforesaid, and the Improve- ments, Rents, Interests and Profits arising therefrom, shall be under the control, or- der, direction and disposal of the General Assembly of said State forever. And the proprietors of said Township are hereby authorized and empowered to locate said two Rights justly and equitably, or quantity for quantity, in such parts of said Township as they, or their committee, shall judge will least incommode the gen- eral settlement of said Tract or Township. And the said proprietors are further em- powered to locate the lands aforesaid, amounting to three Rights, assigned for the settlement of a Minister or Ministers, for their support, and for the use and sup- port of English Schools, in such, and in so many places, as they, or their committee, shall judge will best accommodate the in- habitants of said Township when the same shall be fully settled and improved, laying the same equitably, or quantity for Cjuan- tity, — which said lands, amounting to the three Rights last mentioned, when located as aforesaid, shall, together with the Im- provements, Rights, Rents, Profits, Dues and Interests, remain inalienably appropri- ated to the uses and purposes for which they are respectively assigned, and be un- der the charge, direction and disposal- of the inhabitants of said Township forever. Which tract of land, hereby given and granted as aforesaid, is bounded and des- cribed as follows, to wit : Beginning at a Basswood Tree on the North Bank of Onion River marked Mid- dlesex Corner, July, 13, 1785 ; thence North 36° East, six miles to a Beech Tree marked Montpelier Corner, June 14, 1786; thence South 54° East, six miles and a half, to a Maple Straddle marked Montpelier Corxei^ June 17, 1786 ; thence South 36° West, five miles and five chains, to a Basswood Tree in Barre North line, marked June 19, 1786; thence North 67° West, one mile and sixty seven chains, to Onion River : thence down said river as it tends to the first bound. And that the same be, and hereby is in- corporated into a Township by the name of Montpelier. And the inhabitants that do, or shall hereafter, inhabit said Township, are de- clared to be enfranchised, and entitled to all the privileges aud immunities that the inhabitants of other towns within this State do, and ought, by the laws and Constitu- tion thereof, to exercise and enjoy. To have and to hold the said granted premises, as above expressed, with all the privileges and appurtenances thereunto be- longing, unto them and their respective heirs and assigns forever. In testimony whereof / Jiave caused these letters to be made patent, and the seal of our State to be hereunto affixed. Given under my hand at Windsor, this 6th day of February, A. D. 1804, and of the Independence of the United States the twenty-eighth. Isaac Tichenor. By His Excellency's command, David Wing, Jr., Secretary of State. It will be observed that the boundaries are stated ; that all conditions are omitted, the town then being fully organized and well settled, having a population of about 1000; and that the list of grantees and proprietors numbers 65 persons instead of the original 60. The additional names are the five first following that of Timothy Big- elow. It appears from the record of a pro- prietors' meeting, held in January 1787, that Joel Frizzle (one of the additional five) owned the original right of James Gamble, and his pitch was confirmed to him. Prob- ably the other four became proprietors in the same way — by purchasing original rights. The explanation of retaining in the new charter the names of original gran- tees who had sold their rights to the five new grantees in that case is, that it was done out of abundant caution, to make the title of the purchasers unquestionable. The original charter is not now to be found, 256 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. and probably it was destroyed on the issu- ing of the new charter, in which case it was fit that the five persons then holding orig- inal rights by purchase should have their names recorded in what was thereafter to be the charter of the town. The town record indicates that the copy of the original char- ter has been cut out, and the new charter substituted for it. THE ORIGINAL PROPIETORS OF MONTPELIER. The list of grantees is remarkable for the number of the influential men of the State embraced in it, to wit : Thomas Chitten- den, Governor; Moses Robinson, Judge of the Supreme Court, Governor, and U. S. Senator ; Jonas Galusha, Judge of Supreme Court, and Governor^ Ira Allen, State Treasurer, Surveyor-General, Agent to Congress, and the man of all sorts of work in surveying, road-making, financiering, and State politics at home, and in sharp statesmanship and diplomacy abroad ; Jo- nas and Joseph Fay, Secretaries, and Thomas Tolman, Deputy Secretary, and all authors of State papers, the first-named Judge of the Supreme Court, and the first two, agents to Congress, and employed in the Haldimand correspondence ; Matthew Lyon, Clerk of the General Assembly, Member of Congress, and an energetic and heroic man in politics and business en- terprises ; and JohnFassett, Jr., and'Noah Smith, the first a Councillor, and both Judges of the Supreme Court. With such proprietors, residing in Western Vermont, and most of them remote from Montpelier, it is not surprising that a deep interest was felt in the town, and a powerful influence exerted for its early prosperity in quarters where naturally it would receive little sym- pathy or favor. THE "founder" of THE TOWN. ■ The first grantee of Montpelier, wlio in the Pedigree of the Lawrence family of Massachusetts is styled ' ' Founder of the toum of /Montpelier, Vermont,''^ was Col. Timothy Bigelow, of Worcester, Mass., born August 12, 1739. He was a distin- guished officer in the American War for Independence ; a Major under Gen. Ar- nold in the expedition against Quebec, in 1775-6;* Commander of the 15th Conti- nental Regiment at the capture of Bur- goyne and other battles ; and a Member of the Provincial Congress of Massachusetts in 1 774 and 1775. Washington said, when reviewing Col. B.\s soldiers, — "This is discipline indeed." His son Timothy was one of the most distinguished lawyers of Massachusetts, for thirty years a mem- ber of one or the other branch of the Leg- islature, and Speaker of the House for eleven years ; and his grand-daughter Katharine, daughter of the second Timo- thy Bigelow, married the late Abbott Law- rence, LL. D., Representative in Congress, and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of St. James. t The " founder " of Mont- pelier died May 31, 1790, ten months be- fore the town was organized, and doubtless his rights to lands in the town all passed to other persons previous to the organiza- tion, the deeds of which will probably be found in the records in the Orange County Clerk's office. The author of the pedigree of the Lawrence family of course had the tradition that Timothy liigelow was the founder of the town, and perhaps full and authentic testimony to the fact. The writer of this paper can only con- jecture the ground on which the chief honor, as founder, should be conceded to Col. Bigelow ; but the conjecture is so reasonably founded as to leave no doubt of its accuracy.' The original petition of Timothy Bigelow and others for the grant bore the names of at least three of the Davises who were, with Joel Frizzle, the first settlers in the town ; and the Davises were all from Worcester County, Mass., of which Timothy Bigelow was a resident. *Arnol(i's field officers were Lieut. Col. Christopher Greene, (the hero of Red Bank, on the Delaware,) Lieut. Col. Roger Enos, [alterwards General Com- manding in Vermont, under the authority of the State,] and Majors [Return J.J .Meigs, [of Connecti- cut, afterwards of Ohio, and (atlier of the Governor of Ohio, and U. S. Postmaster General of that name,] and [Timothy] Bioelow.— Z.ossms''« Pieloriat I<\eld Hook of the Revolution, Vol. I, p. 190. Lossing records that on the expedition, Maj. Bigelow ascended a high mountain, then covered with snow, hoping to gain a sight of Queljec; for whicli feat the name "Mount Bigelow " was given to it, and is still retained. t Neio England Genealogical Register, Vol. 10, 1856, facing page 297. Blake's Biographical Dictionary states that the second Timothy Bigelow above named during a practice of 32 years, "argued not less than 15,000 cases." A later biographer reduced the num- ber to 10,000. His death at 64 is not surprising. MONTPELIER. 257 At the session in Oct. 1779, tlie legisla- ture of Vermont established a form of town charters, and appointed Ira Allen to visit sundry states to further the interests of the State.* The Vermont Ms. State Papers contain many petitions for lands granted in 1779, made on a uniform printed form, which was most probably furnished by Allen (then Surveyor-General;) and many petitions in 1779 and 1780, of land com- panies formed in Massachusetts, Connecti- cut and New Hampshire, and in some cases of officers and men in the continental army. These, it is most reasonable to presume, were among the fruits of Allen's mission, which clearly was to make an in- terest for Vermont in as many states as possible, and also in the army. The conjecture then is, that Col. Big- elow was the head of one of these land companies, as Gen. William Prescott, of Massachusetts, certainly was of another. Gen. Prescott was with Col. Bigelow at the capture of Burgoyne, and their resi- dences in Massachusetts were in the same region — the one at Groton and the other at Worcester. At the head of such a company, Col. Bigelow would have been the most active and influential man in forming it, and by his influence, and pos- sibly by his aid, the Davises were en- listed, who were the foremost men at work upon the ground ; and their associates, most of them from Worcester and Ply- mouth Counties, Mass., were by the same influence led to become settlers. Certain it is that many of the early settlers were from that part of Massachusetts. To this day a Montpelier man cannot visit Wor- cester, Rochester, New Bedford, Yar- mouth, and Edgartown, without finding in each town names that were familiar in Montpelier sixty years ago — such as Davis, Clark, Stevens, Burgess, Hatch, Bennett, Hammett, and Nye. The writer is confi- dent that the original petition for the grant, could it be found, would prove that the company was chiefly composed of Massa- chusetts men, such as Col. Bigelow would most fitly head, and so make him justly * n. Hist. Coll., vol. I, p. 405. entitled to the credit his descendants have claimed for him. proprietors'' meetings. On application of more than one six- teenth of the proprietors, a warning was issued June 1 1 , 1 784, for the first proprie- tors' meeting, "at the house of Eliakim Stoddard, Esq., inn-holder, in Arlington, [Bennington county,] on Tuesday the 17th day of August [then] next, at 9 of the clock in the forenoon," for the pur- pose of choosing moderator, proprietors' clerk, and treasurer, and to see what the proprietors would do respecting a division of the township. A meeting was holden accordingly, composed of Gov. Thomas Chittenden, Hon. Timothy Brownson, Maj. Gideon Ormsby, Jonas Galusha, and Thomas Tolman, esquires, and Mesrrs Joseph Daggett and John Ramsdell — who acted for themselves, and for others by power of attorney. Of these seven per- sons a majority were men of the highest worth and influence in the State : Gov- ernors Chittenden and Galusha ; Timothy Brownson, President of the Board of War, and Councillor from 1778 to 1795, and "one of the most trusted and confidential advisers of Gov. Chittenden during the whole period of his perilous and successful administration;"* Maj. Gideon Ormsbee, who was then and for many years a repre- sentative of Manchester in the General Assembly, and Thomas Tolman, Deputy Secretary to the Governor and Council. The officers elected by the meeting were : Gideon Ormsbee, moderator; Thos. Tol- man, clerk ; and Jonas Galusha, treasurer. It was voted to lay out a first division of lands in the town, in lots of 150 acres each, and a committee of six was appointed for the purpose, to wit : Thomas Tolman, Samuel Horsford, Gideon Ormsbee, Jonas Galusha, Joseph Daggett, and Samuel Beach— all but Mr. Beach being propri- etors, and he was the surveyor. The meeting adjourned to the first Monday in April, 1785, but there was no meeting at that time, and, under a new warning, the next meeting was at Arling- Qilaiid Hall's Early Historij of Vermont, p. 458. 33 258 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ton, Jan. 11, 1786, of which Col. Timothy Brownson was moderator. The appoint- ment of Mr. Tolman as cleric and the order for the first division were ratified, provid- ing that 5 acres should be added to each lot or right, as an allowance for highways, and that the division should be laid out in good form and as near to the centre of the town as might be. Col. Jacob Davis of- fered to complete the survey for £1 3s. lod. per right, and this was accepted. A new committee for laying out the division was then appointed, consisting of Col. Jacob Davis, Ebenezer Waters, (or, on his failure, Caleb Ammadon,) Samuel Hors- ford, Col. Samuel Robinson, and Capt. Abiather Waldo. By adjournment, the next meeting was held at the house of the clerk, Thomas Tolman, in Arlington, Jan. 9, 1787. In the absence of Col. Brownson, Col. Jacob Davis was appointed moderator. The members of the committee to lay out the first division, who were present, were sworn before Gov. Chittenden to a faith- ful discharge of their trust, and then sub- mitted a return, plan and survey-bill of the division, which was accepted and or- dered to be recorded. A "draft," or drawing by lot, was then made, in the presence of the meeting, as the law re- quired, and a lot or right in the first di- vision was in that way assigned to each proprietor. Accounts were allowed, £^7 9s. to Col. Jacob Davis for laying out the division — ^5 to Thomas Tolman for clerk's fees — and 15s. to the collector for expense of advertising the first tax. A tax on each proprietor's right, of ^^i 5s. was then laid, out of the proceeds of which treasurer Galusha was directed to pay the above ac- counts. Joseph Daggett was appointed collector, and was directed to collect the tax in time for a vendue sale of lands, in default of payment on any right, on the 2d Tuesday of the succeeding June. It was represented to this meeting that Joel Friz- zel had become an actual settler, and had made his " pitch " as owner of the right of James Gamble ; whereupon it was voted that his pitch be granted and confirmed to him on the right of Gamble, and a lot of 103 acres, (the three as an allowance for highways,) was thus allowed to him, and located on the Winooski, at the S. W. corner of the town, adjoining Middlesex, subsequently known for many years as the John Walton farm, and now owned by Col. Elisha P. Jewett, and known as the Jewett farm. It was also voted to lay out a second division of lands but excluding pine lands, to contain 66 lots, excluding the rights of James Gamble, (provided for in FrizzePs pitch,) Jacob Davis, Jacob Davis, Jr., and Thomas Davis, who, in lieu of rights to be drawn, were allowed to select two lots of 186 acres each, within the second division, convenient for a saw- mill and a grist-mill. It was then voted to make a third division, called the '-Pine Pitch Division," lying between Frizzel's pitch and the second division, being the land reserved in the second division, and this was to be divided into 70 equal lots. This division was small, 17 acres and i, or \ of an acre to the proprietor of each right. It was on the hill west of Green Mount Cemetery, and Thompson stated, on the authority of the late Simeon Dewey, Esq., who sawed the greatest part of the pine on this division, that the trees were of the most splendid northern sort, not ex- celled elsewhere in Vermont, or in New Hampshire, or even Maine. The condi- tion of the first charter, then existing, as to pine suitable for a navy, received an interpretation most liberal to the propri- etors of the town, many of whom sold their right to Col. Davis, and most of the lumber unquestionably went into vessels that were securely anchored on dry land. The State was not a loser by this appro- priation, however, since the pines from that hill sheltered many a man who had served his State and country on sea and land in the revolutionary struggle, and who gave sons and grandsons to serve them in the war of 181 2 and in the last and great- est struggle of all. Col. Davis was em- ployed to survey these two divisions on the same terms as for the first division ; and Ebenezer Waters, surveyor. Col. Ja- cob Davis, Parley Davis, Nathan Waldo and Joel Frizzel were appointed a com- MONTPELIER. 259 mittee to lay them out. After other formal business, the meeting adjourned to the second Tuesday of the next June, at the house of Capt. Elisha Wales, in Arlington. June II, 1787, the proprietors met per- suant to adjournment. Col. Timothy Brownson in the chair. Ebenezer Wa- ters, Col. Jacob Davis, and Nathan Wal- do, of the committee to lay out the second and third divisions were sworn, and then submitted their rejaort, which was accep- ted by a unanimous vote. A drawing was then made, "the same being done deliber- ately, correctly, and in open meeting," by surveyor Waters, so as to allot the land in the second and third divisions equally to each proprietor. On the 12th, the ac- counts for surveys, &c., were allowed and a tax voted ; Col . Jacob Davis and Parley Davis were appointed a committee to lay out and make the necessary highways ; and the meeting adjourned to the second Tuesday in January, 1788. On the same day, June 12, 1787, a vendue sale of pro- prietors' lots took place for non-payment of taxes, and the sales were recorded, and rules for redemption adopted. About half of the original proprietors' rights to the first division were sold, and mainly to Col. Jacob Davis, and the proprietors' clerk, Thomas Tolman. The meeting at Arlington in January, 1788, extended the time for completing roads until the succeeding June ; assessed a tax of 3s. per right for making roads ; allowed the accounts of its officers, and ad- journed to the first Wednesday of June following, at the house of Jonas Galusha, in Shaftsbury. June 4, 1788, the proprietors met ac- cording to adjournment ; accepted the re- port of the committee appointed to make roads ; allowed their accounts, andassessed an additional tax of 19s. per right for the construction of roads. The next proprietors' meeting was held, on due warning, at Montpelier, Aug. 28, 1792, of which Clark Stevens was mod- erator, and David Wing, Jr., clerk — both of Montpelier. The meeting ordered the fourth and last division of lands to be made under the direction of Col. Jacob Davis, and adjourned to the second Tues- day of May, 1793, at the house of Col. Jacob Davis, in Montpelier. May 14, I793i the proprietors met as per adjournment, when the fourth division was accepted and allotted in 70 equal parts. After allowing the accounts for the same, the meeting adjourned, to meet at the (public) house of David Wing, Jr., in Montpelier, on the 14th of May, 179$- The adjourned meeting assembled at the time named ; " and there appearing no business before the meeting. Voted, that this meeting be dissolved." This was the last meeting of the proprietors, the land all having been allotted, and the town passed by formal organization under a legal town government. FIRST SETTLERS. According to his agreement with the proprietors, made in January, 1786, Col. Jacob Davis with a surveying party en- tered the town that year, and surveyed and laid out the first division of lands, his re- port having been made in January, 1787; but this service did not technically amount to " a settlement," although Col. Davis then undoubtedly determined to settle in the town. Iri the spring of the same year, 1786, previous to the survey of the first di- vision, Joel Frizzel entered upon the south- west corner lot of the town, on the farm formerly of John Walton, and now of Col. E. P. Jewett, cleared a small part of it, planted corn, erected a small log-house, and resided in it with his wife, a French woman. " This," said Zadock Thompson, " was the first family in town."* In the later edition, he qualified this, by calling it " the first attempt to settle," adding that " the first permanent clearing and settle- ment was not made till the spring after" — that is, the spring of 1787. Daniel P. Thompson concurred with this last state- ment, giving the Davises the honor of first "permanent settlement," and character- izing Frizzel as an occasional sojourner, in his calling as trapper and hunter, in this part of the wilderness, who "squatted on the banks of the river, in the south-west ' Vermont Gazetteer, 1824. 26o VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. corner of the township." The Davises need no honor at the expense of Frizzel. They certainly were the leading men in point of everything but the mere date of settlement. Frizzel was officially recog- nized as a settler ; his pitch was confirmed to him ; the charter recognized him as an original proprietor in the right of James Gamble ; and in Jan. 1787, the proprietors appointed him as one of the committee to lay out the second and third divisions. D. P. Thompson conceded that he may have remained "a year or two longer" after the laying out of these divisions, which would give him a residence in the town of about 5 years. The writer does not hesitate to say, on these grounds, that Joel Frizzel was the first actual settler, dating from the spring of 1786. In a year, however, he was followed by much more enterprising, energetic and valuable men, though without their families until 1788. May 3, 1787, Col. Jacob Davis, with his cousin Parley Davis, and a hired man, left his family in Brookfield, taking one horse and as large a quantity of provisions as could be carried, and on that day reached the house of Seth Putnam, in Middlesex, whose farm joined the lot in Montpelier which Frizzel then occupied. On the 4th, Col. Davis and party cut a bridle-road from Putnam's along the bank of the Winooski to a hunter's camp in Montpelier, on the ground now occupied by Washington County jail, nearly in the centre of Montpelier village. The hunt- er's hut was a very good one, well roofed, and walled on three sides, and was used until, in 8 or 10 days, a substantial log- house, 32 by 16 feet, was constructed and occupied. At this time two sons of Col. Davis had reached the camp, Jacob, junior, aged 19, and Thomas, aged 15 years. The party immediately made an onslaught on the magnificent maple forest then stand- ing, and cleared the land now bounded by Court street on the North, North Branch on the East, the Winooski on the South, and the State House and depot grounds on the West. This was the first occupancy of Montpelier village with an intention to settle permanently. This land was cleared in time to plant it with corn, of which a good crop was realized ; and early in June, Col. Davis left to attend the proprietors' meeting at Arlington on the nth, and Parley Davis proceeded to survey and lo- cate on a lot of about 300 acres at the centre of the town, which became his home for a long and honorable life. The work of clearing the land was con- tinued during the summer, and embraced most of the meadow land between the hills and the Winooski as far west as the knoll on which the Parson Wright house stands, now occupied by the widow of the first pastor's son, the late Jonathan Ed- wards Wright. This included the meadow land south of State House hill and west of North Branch, being nearly 50 acres. Thompson stated, on the authority of sur- viving contemporaries, that Col. Davis alone felled, trimmed out and cut into log- ging lengths, an acre of forest of average growth per day, and continued at this rate for several successive days. There was time then in that season for other work, and it was vigorously used. Col. and Parley Davis having been appointed in June, a committee to lay out and construct necessary roads, this work was entered upon at once. The first road constructed was from the Union House bridge, now the entrance to School street, skirting the hill nearly on the present line of Courtand High streets to the Winooski at the Parson Wright place, and then following the river, substantially as the highway still does, to Middle.sex line. The second road cut out by the Davises was in Berlin, being the present road from near the crest of Berlin hill, passing on the east side through the Andrew Cummings farm to the Winooski, and then following the river to the Gas works, where the stream was fordable, ex- cept in high water. This intersected a road, or more properly path, which had been opened through Berlin to the mouth of Dog river, and thus made a shorter route from the older eastern towns to Montpelier. Over this road, in fact, most of the early settlers in Montpelier came. Tlie food of the sturdy foresters during the summer and autumn of 1787, was MONTPELIER. 261 mainly of the fish of the streams and the game of the woods ; but these were of the best. The streams were full of trout, some of them weighing 5 pounds ; and the woods with wild game, such as moose, bears in abundance, deer, partridges, etc., and these, with the few condiments brought in by the party, vegetables and corn of the summer''s growth, and a little flour from the older settlements, furnished bills of fare tempting even to gourmands, and were amply sufficient for the pioneers of the settlement. All their work that year was preparatory for settlement. The log-house was not furnished with cellar, floor, oven and chimney until autumn, and then, hav- ing secured the fruits of the first harvest. Col. Davis returned with his sons to Brookfield, to prepare his family for mov- ing into the new town and the new house with the first sufficient fall of snow. The family consisted of Col. Davis and wife, two sons, and four daughters. The sons have already been named. The daughters were Rebecca, who became wife of Hon. Cornelius Lynde of Williamstown ; Hannah, wife of Hon. David Wing, Jr., of Montpelier, Secretary of State ; Polly, wife of Capt. Thomas West of Montpelier ; and Lucy, wife of Capt. Timothy Hubbard of Montpelier. Another daughter was born in Montpelier. Near the close of December, 1787, Col, Davis dispatched his sons Jacob and Thom- as, with their sisters Rebecca and Polly — all that could be carried at once — to Mont- pelier, intending tb complete the removal of the family by a second journey of the team, with which Jacob Davis returned to Brookfield. But a series of heavy snow- storms made the journey impracticable ; and thus the lad Thomas and the two girls were the only tenants of the new homestead until March. "Not another human face," said Thompson, "made its appearance at this lonely, snow-hedged and forest-girt cabin." Most welcome then was the ad- vent of the remainder of the family in March, 1788. FIRST THINGS. The summer work of 1788 comprised the tilling of the ground previously cleared ; the clearing of the remainder of the meadow to the Parson Wright place, and part of that east of North Branch, now occupied by Main Street ; extending the clearing on the west side to the falls on which now stand the works of Lane, Pitkin & Brock ; and the erection of the first dam and saw- mill on those falls. During the next summer, 1789, Col. Davis erected the first grist-mill on the falls of North Branch ; and thus prepara- tions were made to tempt new settlers with facilities for the erection of dwellings and converting the crops of corn and grain in the neighborhood into bread-stuffs. Sept. 22, the first birth in town oc- curred, being that of Clarissa Davis, young- est daughter of Col. Jacob Davis, and wife of Hon. George Worthington of Montpe- lier. Col. Davis employed all the men whose services could be commanded, his house of course being head-quarters, and more- over serving as hotel for all visitors. A larger house was a necessity ; and there- fore, in the summer of 1790, the Colonel erected a large house, of two stories, with four spacious rooms in each story, and an attic that served on occasions as a welcome dormitory. This was the first completed frame house in Montpelier. After Col. Davis left it, this dwelling became the first County jail-house, and was such until 1858, when it was removed to another part of Elm Street, where it is still used as a dwell- ing-house. A frame for a house had been erected a few days before Col. Davis's, but the house was not completed so soon as his. It was on the hill one mile north- east of the village, and was long known as the Silloway house, though it was built by James Hawkins, the first blacksmith in Montpelier, and finished in 1791. About the same time Hawkins also built the third frame house, in which the first store was opened by Dr. Frye.in 1791. This house stood until 1873, and was the first dwelling- house on the west side of Main Street, nearest to the Arch Bridge. These were quickly succeeded, all built by the ener- getic Hawkins, by the first Union House, which was the hotel kept by Houghton, 262 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Tufts, Cottrill (before taking the Pavilion,) Lamb, Mann, and others in our remem- brance, and was burnt in 1835; and the Cadwell house, near the junction of Main and State Streets, once the finest residence in the village, and the favorite boarding- place of governors and other dignitaries, the wreck of which still stands, to the re- gret of many who would have so eligible a location for business purposes -worthily improved. The first wagon was brought into town in 1789, from Vergennes, by Thomas Da- vis, who had to cut much of his way from Williston to Montpelier, and scale "Rock Bridge," in Moretown, by an ingenious pieee of engineering, which is fully de- scribed by Thompson. The first notable stranger in Montpelier was Prince Edward of England, Duke of Kent, son of George III. and father of Queen Victoria. He was the guest of Col. Davis for a night in the winter of lygo-'gi, coming with an armed retinue of 20 men, to defend him from violence, and serve as "tasters" to try his food and save him from poison. Col. Davis so far assured the prince of personal safety, that he consent- ed to dismiss most of his attendants, who returned to Montreal, and the prince con- tinued his journey to Boston in a more modest and sensible style. * The first male child born in town was James, son of Solomon Dodge, April 5, 1790. The first marriage recorded is that of Jacob Davis Jr. of Montpelier and Caty Taplin of Berlin, the ceremony being per- formed by the father of the bride, John Taplin Esq., Oct. 3, 1791. The first school was kept in a log house on the river near Middlesex line, by Jacob Davis, jr., and continued from about 1789 to 1 79 1. In 1 79 1 a school was kept in the village, in Col. Davis' house, by David Wing, jr., who was subsequently Secre- tary of State; and in 1794, the town was divided into six districts, and schools were regularly maintained thereafter. The first tavern was built for Col. Davis on Main street, in 1793. It was the origi- nal " Union House," on the site of the vriiompsoii's Monlpelie7\p. 53. Unitarian church. This tavern was burnt in 1835, rebuilt and again burnt in 1859, and the third Union house was erected on its present site. The second tavern, known as the " Hutchins Tavern," and afterwards the " Shepard Tavern," was built about 1800, opposite the entrance of Barre to Main street. The "Pavilion" was built in preparation for the Legislature in 1 808 ; it was probably the finest hotel in the State then, and indeed for many years, and had a high reputation, specially under Thomas Davis, and Mahlon Cottrill. The first physician was Spaulding Pierce, in 1790; the first lawyer, Charles Buckley, 1797 ; the first minister, Ziba Woodworth, free will Baptist, and one of the first set- tlers ; and the first mechanics were Col. Earned Lamb, carpenter and mill-wright — James Hawkins, blacksmith, David Tol- man, clothier, Paul Knapp, brick-maker. The first thanksgiving day observed in the town was Dec. i , 1 791 . The first social ball occurred at the house of Col. Davis, on the evening of the next day, Dec. 2 ; and that was succeeded immediately by the first death noted in the record of the town — thus : "Theophilus Wilson Brooks, drowned Dec. 3d, 1 791." In fact, however, his death was accom- panied by that of his betrothed. Miss Bet- sey Hobart, daughter of Capt. James Ho- bart, one of the first settlers of Berlin. An account of this unusually sorrowful event, written two days after and printed in a New York City newspaper, Dec. 31, 1791, has recently come into the possession of The Vermont Historical Society. It is as follows : Extract of a letter fr 01/1 Montpelier , (Vt..) dated December 5 , 1 79 1 . A melancholy accident took place here last Saturday morning, of which the fol- lowing is an account : On Friday, the 2d instant, being the day after Thanksgiving in this State, the young people in 'this neighborhood assembled to spend the even- ing in dancing. Amongst others, two young gentlemen from this town waited on two Misses Hobart, of Berlin, on the other side of Onion river. After having spent the greater part of the night in merriment, ^^^^^^^ '^^^^^^;^^ MONTPELIER. 263 they parted about two o'clock in the morn- ing'. The above-mentioned couples hav- ing to cross the river in a canoe, they tour, (together with the ferryman,) imprudently got in all at once, and had not got far from the shore before the canoe overset ; but by the exertions of the ferryman, they righted her, and he, together with a Mr. Putnam, one of the young gentlemen, and one of the girls, got in ; but in helping the other girl in, they unfortunately overset the sec- ond time. They then endeavored for the shore. Mr. Putnam, at the dangerof his life, swam ashore with the younger Miss Ho- bart under his arm ; but were both of them so far chilled as to be unable to stand, having swam more than forty rods, as the water was high and the current swift, be- fore they reached the shore. The ferry- man got ashore by the helpx)f the canoe ; the other couple perished in the water. The young gentleman drowned is Mr. The- ophilus Wilson Brooks, son of Deacon Brooks, of Ashford, Connecticut, a val- uable young man, aged 25. The young woman is a daughter of Capt. Hobart, of Berlin, an amiable young woman, about twenty years of age. The body of the young woman was found about a mile be- low, yesterday morning. Mr. Brooks is not yet found. VITAL STATISTICS. In this connection, the vital statistics of the town in its earliest years may as well be stated. From the settlement of the first family in the spring of 1786 to the summer of 1799 — more than 13 years — the number of deaths recorded was 16. Of these, 3 were accidental, and 9 of diseases incident to infants and children ; and of the 4 remaining, adult cases, 2 were of consumption, i of fever, and i of a disease unknown. The number of births in the same period is stated by Thompson at 130. The population in 1791 was 113, and in 1800, 890 — Thompson's estimated average for the whole time, 400. The rate of deaths was therefore less than i^ per annum, and the percentage five-sixteenths of i percent, per 100 of population. The registration report states the percentage of deaths in the whole State to population, in 1858, to be 1. 1 4, which is more than three times greater than in Montpelier for the first 13 years. The rate of births in Montpelier was I to every 40 persons ; whereas in the State, in 1858, the rate was only i to every 49 persons. The difference between the town and the State in the proportion of births to deaths is most remarkable ; in the town the births being more than eight times the number of deaths, while in the State, the number of births, in 1858, was less than twice the number of deaths. It certainly must be conceded that Montpel- ier was, at the start, a remarkably fruitful and healthy town. This is presumed to be true of nearly all Vermont towns at the first settlement — of all that were not ex- posed, by their location, to peculiar mala- rial influences. Few but hardy and en- ergetic men and women would brave the perils and hardships of frontier life, and the labor of converting pathless forests into habitable, traversable and tillable fields ; and such people are proof against most diseases. Thompson stated other striking facts as to the health of the village of Montpelier, in his chapter on epidemics, which we quote nearly in full. The records of Rev. Mr. Wright, noted by Thompson, were undoubtedly more complete than the town records. The good parson was, from re- ligious principle, as well as from strong sympathy, a visitor to the bedside of all the sick and dying, and his parish then included the entire village. EPIDEMICS. FKOM D. P. THOMPSON'S HISTORY. Endemics we have none. From first to last no diseases have made their appear- ance in town which could be discovered to be peculiar to the place, or to have been generated by any standing local causes. Of epidemics, Montpelier has had its share, but still a light share compared, as we believe, with a majority of the towns in the State, only four deserving the name having occurred from the first settlement of the town to the present day. The first of these was the dysentery, which fatally prevailed throughout the town, in common with most other towns in Vermont, during the summer and fall of 1802. The victims in Montpelier were : Mrs. Sophia Watrous, wife of Erastus Wat- rous, Esq. ; Erastus Hubbard, a younger brother of Timothy Hubbard ; John Wig- gins, another young man, and a consider- able number of children. The second epidemic was the typhus fever, which prevailed to a considerable 264 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. extent in the summer season of 1806, and proved fatal to Montpelierls favorite and most honored citizen, David Wing, Jr., then Secretary of State. Luther Mosely, Esq., another vakied citizen, also fell a victim to the same disease, together with a young man by the name of Cutler, a girl by the name of Goodale, and several others. The third epidemic visiting the town was that fearful disease known by the name of spotted fever, which, to the gen- eral alarm of the inhabitants, suddenly made its appearance in the village in the winter of 181 1. The first victim was Sibyl Brown, a bright and beautiful daugh- ter of Amasa Brown, of the age of nine years, who, on Saturday, Jan. 2d, was in school, on the evening of that day sliding with her mates on the ice, and the next morning a corp.se. The wife of Aaron Griswold, and the first wife of Jonathan Shepard, were next, and as suddenly de- stroyed by this terrible epidemic, which struck and swept over the village, to which it was mostly confined, like the blast of the simoom, and was gone. There were over 70 cases in this village, and, strange to tell, but three deaths of the disease, which at the same time was nearly decimating the then 400 inhabitants of Moretown,and sweeping off 60 or 70 of the 2,000 inhab- itants of Woodstock. The chief remedy relied on here was the prompt use of the hot bath, made of a hasty decoction of hemlock boughs ; and the pine-board bath- ing vessel, made in the shape of a coffin, was daily seen, during the height of the disease, in the streets, borne on ths shoul- ders of men, rapidly moving from house to house, to serve in turn the multiplying victims. So strange and unexpected were the attacks, and so sudden and terrible were often the fatal terminations of the disease, that it was likened to the Plague of the Old World. Some of its types, "in- deed, so closely resembled the Plague, as well to justify men in deeming them one and the same disorder. A bright red spot, attended with acute pain in some in- stances, appeared in one of the limbs of the unwarned victim, and, like the old Plague spot, spread, struck to the vitals and caused his death in a few hours. In other instances, a sort of congestion of the blood, or silent paralysis of all the func- tions of the life, stole unawares over the system of the patient, his pulse faltered and nearly stopped, even before he dream- ed of the approach of the insidious de- stroyer. The late worthy Dr. James Spald- ing once told us, that he was the student of an eminent physician, in Alstead,N. H,, when the epidemic visited that place, that he frequently went the rounds with his in- structor in his visits to his patients, and that on one of these occasions they made a friendly call on a family in supposed good health, when the master of the house congratulated himself on the prospect that he and his )oung family were about to es- cape the disease which had been cutting down so many others. Something, how- ever, in the appearance of one or two of the apparently healthy group of children present attracting the attention of the old Doctor, he fell to examining their pulses, when in two of them he found the pulse so feeble as to be scarcely perceptible ; but keeping his apprehensions to himself, he made some general prescriptions for all the children, and left, hoping his fears would not be realiz^l. Within three days both of those children were buried in one grave. The physicians who had charge of these cases in Montpelier were Dr. Lamb, Dr. N. B. Spalding, Dr. Woodbury, and Dr. Lewis, of Moretown. Volumes have been written on the causes of this and similar epidemics, and yet to this day the subject is involved in clouds of mystery. The fourth epidemic followed soon after the last, and in some instances, assumed some of its peculiar types. This occurred in the winter of 18 13, and was here gen- erally called the typhus fever, though it partook more of the characteristics of per- ipneumony, or lung fever, being the same disease which first broke out the fall be- fore, among the U. S. troops at Burling- ton, and by the following mid-winter had become a destructive epidemic in nearly every town in the State, carrying oiT, ac- cording to the statistics of Dr. Gallup, more than 6,000 persons, or one to every 40 of its whole population. In this whole town, during the year 1813, the number of deaths — most of which were of this dis- ease — was 78, among which were those of Capt. N. Doty, R. Wakefield, C. Hamblin and others, in the prime of life. This great number of deaths in one year was, beyond all comparison, greater than ever occurred before, or has ever occurred since, it is be- lieved, in proportion to the population, which was then about 2,000; while the av- erage number of deaths in town per year, about that period, was, as near as can now be ascertained, but a little over 20, and of course but little more than one death in 100. In the village, according to records left by the Rev. Chester Wright, the av- erage number of deaths for the five years preceding 18 13 was but four per year, which must have been considerably less than one to 100 yearly. This seems to be confirmed by another record left by Mr. Wright, of the number of deaths occurring MONTPELIER. 265 each year in the village for the 14 years succeeding 18 16, ])y which it appears that the average number of deaths in the vil- lage, during that whole period, was but 10 yearly, while the population during the last-named period increased from nearly 1,000 in 1816 to nearly 2,000 in 1830; so that the rate of mortality during the whole 19 years, of which we have given the ap- proximate statistics, was, with the excep- tion of 18 14, always greatly less than one to every 100 inhabitants ; all going to con- firm what we have before stated respecting the peculiar healthiness of the location of our town, and especially of our village, from the earliest times to the present day. Notices of Proprietors' Meetings, of taxes, and of Sales of lands for Taxes in Mont- pelier — Compiled by Henry Stevens, Se7iior, from files of the [^Windsor'] Ver- mont Journal and the \_Bennington'] Vermont Gazette.* organization of the town. March 4, 1791, Jacob Davis, Clark Stevens and Jonathan Cutler presented a petition to JohnTapIin, of Berlin, a justice of the peace for the County of Orange, praying that a warrant might be issued for callifig a meeting of the inhabitants to or- ganize the town. Though this petition was not legal, (having the signatures of only three freeholders, while the statute required four,) Justice Taplin took no no- tice of the defect, but issued a warrant " to Clark Stevens, one of the principal inhab- itants of Montpelier," requiring him to * It wiU be observed that tliesc legal notices cover a niucli larger amount or taxes than that given lii the preceding text. Compilations Iilenjaniin I. Wheeler, Rehobolh, Mass. ; David Parsons. Oxford, now Charlton, Mass. ; Parley Davis, Oxford, now Charl- ton, Mass. ; Kbenezer Dodge, Peterbor- ongh, N. li. ; Solomon Dodge, Peterbor- ough, N, H.; Nathaniel Peek, Royalston, Mass. ; David Wing, Rochester, Mass. ; Lemuel lirooks, Ashford, Ct. ; Clark Ste- vens, ]\ochester, Mass. ; Jonathan Snow, Rochester, Mass. ; Hiram Peck, Royals- ston, Mass. ; James Hawkins, James Tag- gart, John Templeton ; IClisha Cummins, born in Sutton. Mass. ; Jonathan C"utler, Charles McCloud ; Col. Jacol) Davis, Ox- ford, now Charlton, Mass. ; Isaac Putnam ; Nathaniel Davis, Oxford, now Charlton, Mass. ; Ziba Woodworth, Pozrah, Conn. ; Jerathmel [P.] Wheeler, Rehoboth, Mass. ; Smith SteVens, Rochester, i\Ia.ss. ; Charles Stevens, Rochester, Mass. ; Edmund Doty ; Duncan Young, a Scotchman, from Pur- go\ ne's armv ; Freeman West. New Bed- ford. Mass. ' The name of Josiah Ilurlburt appears in the list of town oflicers elected, and it is presumed he was a citizen of lawful age. Jacob Davis, Jr., was also of age and a citizen at that time. Thompson states that David Wing Jr. and Earned Lamb were then Freemen of the town, and sugge.sts that they may have been absent on the day of the meeting. This would make the whole number known to be freemen of the town at the organization, 30. The total population, by the census taken that year, was 113, which was small for the number of voters ; but doubtless several who acted in town meeting had not then brought their families into town. These names indicate, as the fact was, that on the organization of the town, set- tlements liad been made in every quarter of it, on the hills antl in the river valleys. Even now the farms of these men are easily recognized, and many are owned by the descendants of the original settlers. The early occupancy of the town so gen- erally was doubtless due to the provision in the original charter, which required "that each proprietor, his heirs or assigns, shall plant or cultivate 5 acres of land, and build an house at least 18 feet sciuare on the Hoor, or have one family settled on each respective right, within the term of 3 years after the circumstances of the war will ad- mit of a settlement with safety, on penalty of the forfeiture of each respective right, or share of land, in saitl t()wnshi[), not so improved or settled." IIAIUTS AND CIIARACTKR OV rilK FIKST SKTTI.KKS. I'lIDM I). I'. TllciiMr.-ON. Among the whole list of the 27 freemen who joined m its organization we fuul but one or two who did not become, not only the permanent residents of the town, but the permanent owners ol the farms they first purchased and improved for their homes. And in looking, now, over that ever to be honored roll of men, then all farmers, consisting of the Wheelers, the Davises, the Templetons, the Putnams, the Stevenses, the Cumminses, etc., and then glancing over the town, we can scarcely find one of the original homesteads of all those thus settling which is not still in the possession of some one of their de- scendants. This fact alone speaks, vol- umes in praise of the original inhabitants of the town. It speaks in such praise, be- cause it presupposes and proves the ex- istence, in them, of that invaluable combi- nation of traits of character which can alone ensure full success in building uji an abidingly thrifty town, and a well-ordered and respectable community — the resolu- tion and physical endurance necessary tor subduing the forests, the frugality and economy in living reciuired tor retaining and increasing the amount of their hard earnings, and the foresight and general capacity for business indisjiensable for the successful management of their accjuisi- tions. That the first inhabitants of Montpelier were generally men of great i)hysical powers, resolution and stability of pur- pose, and that they applied their energies of body and mind to the best etVect, in clearing up and improving their township, mav be well enough seen in the pictures we have already clrawn of the first years ot the settlement, but more certainly so in the noble results of their exertions, which, after 20 vears, stood developed in their individual thrit't, in their aggregate wealth and pecuniary independence. But those results were not brought about by hard labor alone. Strict frugality ni living lent its scarcely less important aid in the work. Nature has but few wants ; MONTPELIER. 267 and these settlers and their families seem U) have been well content to put up with her real requirements. The ambition for (h'si)lay in dress, e(iuippa<(e and costly lMiil(lin<(s was a forbidden, and an almost unknown, passion among them. And all expectations of making property without work, or of living on credit, were ideas which were still more scouted. They dressed comfortaljly but very plainly, wear- ing, for the 12 or 15 years of the settle- ment at least, scarcely anything but what was the ]iroduct of their own looms and spinning-wheels. With these implements, so necessary for the times, nearly every household was supplied. The girls spun, and the mothers wove, from their own wool, the flannels to be dressed or pressed for their best winter wear, and from their own flax the neat linen checks for their gowns and aprons for summer. Then the females of that day made their health, tlieir husbands' or fathers' wealth, and es- tablished enduring habits of industry for themselves, as they were passing along in their daily routine of hou.sehold employ- ments. And who does not see how much better it would in reality be for the health, constitutions and habits of the females of the present day, if they were compelled to resort to the same way of clothing them- selves and their families. P'oreign man- ufactured goods were scarcely u.sed at all for clothing during the first dozen years of the settlement. The wives who came into town with their husbands might have brought with them, perhaps, their calico gowns; and it was known that " Marm Davis," as that pattern of hou.sewives, the heli)-meet of Col. Davis, was called, had brought with her a silk gown — the one, it is believed, in which she was married ; but it is not known that there were any others. The first silk dress that was ever pur- chased and brought into Montpelier for one of its lady residents was one obtained for the wife of Judge David Wing, and was first worn by her at a meeting late in 1803. " I well remember when that first silk gown made its appearance," recently said an aged lady cotemiJorary of the favored ])ossessor of the rare garment, to us while making encjuires about such matters. " It was a meeting held in one of Col. Davis' new Ijarns. Hannah, that is Mrs. Wing, came in with it on, and made quite a sen- sation among us, but being so good a woman, and putting on no airs about it, we did not go to envying her. We thought it extravagant, to be sure ; but as her hus- band had just been elected Secretary of State, and might wisli to take her abroad with him, we concluded at length that the purchase might be perhaps, after all, (|uite a pardonaljle act." Ribbons and laces were not worn nor po.s.se.ssed by the women ; and the wearing of bonnets, which are thought to require trimmings made of such materials, was scarcely more fre(juent. Instead of bon- nets, they generally wore for head-dress when going abroad, the more substantial, but no less neat and tasteful, small fur hats, which were then already being man- ufactured in several of the older towns in the State. And it was not till a merchant had established himself in town that any innovation was made in these simple kinds of female attire. Then, for the first time, calico gowns became common — the best qualities of which cost 75 cents per yard, but of so strong and substantial a fabric that one of them would outwear two, or even three of most of those of the present day. The men clre.s.sed as plain, or plainer. Tow cloth for summer, and striped un- dressed woolens for winter, were the stand- ing materials of their ordinary apparel. For jjublic occasions, however, most of them managed to obtain one dress each, made of homespun woolen, colored and dressed cloth, which, as they used them, were generally good for their lifetimes. The first "go-to-meeting" dresses of the boys were also, of course, domestic man- ufacture, and generally of fustian. A new fustian coat was a great thing in the eyes of a boy of fourteen in those days. But as theirdays of gallantry approached, their ambition sometimes soared to a new India cotton shirt, which then cost 62 cents per yard, though now not a fourth of that amount. The men wore fur caps or felt hats for every-day use, but some of them, fur hats on public occasions ; and a few of the wealthier cla.ss, especially if they became what was called public char- acters, bought themselves beaver hats, which stood in about the .same relation among the outfits of the men as did silk gowns among those of the women, such hats at that time costing $30 each. IJut this was not so very bad economy as might be supposed, after all, since one of the clear beaver hats of that day would not only wear through the lifetime of the owner, but the lifetime of such of his sons as had the luck to inherit it. The ordinary articles of family food were corn and wheat bread, potatoes, peas, beans and garden vegetables, pork, fish and wild game. Sweet-cake, as it was called, was rarely made, and pastry was almost wholly unknown. Indeed, we have been unable to learn that a pie of any kind was ever seen on a table in town till nearly 268 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. a dozen years after it was first settled. About that time, however, one of the elder daughters of Col. Davis, on noticing some fine pumpkins that were brought to the house during the harvesting, conceived the ambitious idea of making a mess of pumpkin pies, and obtaining at last the reluctant consent of her mother to let her make the experiment, she made a batch which took to a charm with the whole fam- ily and the several visitors invited to par- take of the novel repast. After this, pumpkin pies became a staple of the tea- table on all extra occasions. Laboring men who, in felling the forest, logging, or boiling .salts, as the first state of making potashes and pearls was called, often went considerable distances from their homes to work, generally took their dinners along with them into the woods, leaving the women to take care of the cattle and everything recjuiring atten- tion about home. These dinners gener- ally consisted of baked or stewed pork and beans, and not unfrequently of only bread and raw salt pork. Colonel Davis always used to recommend to his laborers to eat their pork raw or without any kind of cooking, contending that it was more healthy when eaten in that way than in any other.' Some of the new hands that had been hired in by the Colonel at last, how- ever, rebelled against the practice. Among the latter was Lemuel Brooks, the after- wards well-known Captain Brooks, who assured his fellow-laborers one day, after they had been making their dinners on raw pork, that he was determined to set his wits to work and see if he could not, by the next noon, get up a more christianlike dinner. Accordingly he came on the next morning with gun and ammu- nition, and just before noon stepped off into the neighboring thickets, and shot two or three brace of partridges, which, in their chosen localities, were as plenty as hens about a farm-house. And having speedily plucked and dressed the birds, he suspended them by the legs over a fire ..struck and built for the purpose, with a thick slice of pork made to hang directly above each, so that the salt gravy should drip upon or into them, and moisten and season them while cooking. As soon as he had thus prepared his meal, he hallooed to the men, and in his usual jovial and humorous manner, bid them come in and partake of his " new invented dinner of parched partridges." And parched part- ridges thenceforward became a favorite meal among the woodmen of the settle- ment. The out-door work, at the period of which we have been speaking, was by no means all performed by the male inhab- itants. Wives and daughters considered it no disparagement to go out to work in the fields, or even into the forest, when- ever the occasion required it at their hands. They boiled salts and made maple sugar at times in the woods, and often in busy seasons, worked with their husbands, fath- ers or brothers, in making hay, harvesting grain, husking corn and digging potatoes in the field. The wives and daughters of the rich and poor alike cheerfully engaged in all these out-door employments, when tlie work, for want of the necessary male help or other circumstances, seemed to in- vite their assistance. Even Colonel Davis, whose family was regarded as standing in the first position in society, could be seen leading his bevy of beautiful daughters into his fields to pull flax. But fmgality in modes of dress, the supplies of the table, and other domestic arrangements for saving expenses and liv- ing within their means, did not constitute the whole of their system of economy. Tlieir provident forecast taught them the evils of debt. For they felt that under the depressing influence of that sort of slavery, they could never enjoy that feel- ing of proud iudependence which they carefully cherished, and which constituted the best part of their happiness. They rightly appreciated, also, the bad moral tendencies of that evil, than which scarcely nothing more silently and surely tends, with its numberless temptations, to do what we otherwise would not do, to de- l^ase our best feelings and convictions as men, and undermine our best civic virtues as freemen. Our first settlers, therefore, carefully avoided it, making their calcula- tions far ahead so to live, so to purchase, and so to enlarge their plans of improve- ment, as to keep out of debt, and often foregoing the most tempting of bargains rather than increase it. To enable the reader to estimate the cost of living and the profits of farming, as well as to appreciate the frugality of set- tlers, it will be well to note a few of the prevailing prices of labor, stock and other products of the day, as well as those of the few necessary articles which the set- tlers were compelled to import for their use and consumption in living, or in pur- suing their ordinary avocations. PRICES OF LABOR, STOCK, EXPORTED AND IMPORTED ARTICLES. The wages of the best class of laborers were' $9.00 per month, and 42 to 50 cents for casual day's work. The common price of wheat was 67 cts. per bushel ; Indian corn, 50 ; oats, 25 ; MONTPELIER. 269 potatoes, 25 ; best yoke of oxen, $40.00 ; best horses, $50; best cows, $25 ; salts of lye, $4 to $5 per cwt. ; pork, in dressed hogs, $4 to $6 ; beef, averaging $4. Of articles imported, the prices were : For rock salt, $3 per bushel ; common, $2.50; loaf sugar, 42 cts. per lb. ; brown, 17 to 20 cts. ; common W. I. molasses, $1.17 per gallon; green tea, $2 per lb.; poorest Bohea, 50 cts. per lb. ; nutmegs, 12 cts. each ; ginger, 34 cts. per lb. ; pepper, 75 ; iron shovels, $1.50 each ; broad-cloth, $8 to $10 per yd. ; E. I. cotton cloth, 62 cts. ; calico, 50 to 75 cts. ; W. I. nmi, $2 per gallon; dry salt fish, 11 cts. per lb. And yet, with these extremely low pri- ces for their products, and enormously high ones for their imported necessaries, the settlers, such was their industry and frugality, steadily progressed along the way to independence and wealth. But though the openings in the forest, rapidly increasing in extent and number, the more and more highly cultivated fields, the bet- ter and better filled barns, and the con- stantly multiph-ing stock of the barn- yards, made their yearly progress in thrift clearly obvious to all, yet the ratio of that progress can be accurately estimated only from the financial statistics of the town. And for this purpose we subjoin the sev- eral grand lists of the town from its or- ganization for the ne.xt succeeding fifteen years, or to and including 1807, all taken yearly and on the same plan. GRAND LISTS OF MONTPELIER FROM 1 792 TO 1806, INCLUSIVE. 1792, $2,141.67; 1793, $3,075.00; 1794, $4,531.67; 1795.^5.705-83; 1796, $7,660; 1797. $9,794-18.; 1798,110,963.93; 1799, $14,538.75; 1800, $15,390.93; 1801, $16,- 979.77; 1802, $17,437.13; 1803, $18,126.- 99; 1804, $19,310.91; 1805, $22,920.55; 1806, $25,883.80. The increase of the population of the town, in the meanwhile, will be .seen by the different enumerations of the U. S. Census, the whole of whicli, as we may not find a more convenient place for them, we will also here insert. Census of the Town. — By the first enumeration, 1791, 113; in 1800, 890; 1810, 1,877; 1820, 2,308; 1830, 2,985; 1840, 3,725 ; 1850, Montpelier, 2,310, East Montpelier, 1,448, united, 3,758; i860, Montpelier, 2,411, East Montpelier, 1,328, united, 3,739 ; 1870, Montpelier, 3,023, East Montpelier, 1,130, united, 4,153; 1880, Montpelier, 3,219, East Montpelier, 972, united, 4,191. This statement shows a steady increase except in i860, '70 and '80, when East Montpelier lost materially. From 1840 to i860 the old* town as a whole was nearly stationary, while the present town, or the old village, has constantly increased. Part II. History Subsequent to the Organization of the Town. The strictly civil history of the town from its organization is that of every town in Vermont — a record of town meetings, of roads laid, school districts established, taxes voted, cemeteries provided, and lists made of persons warned out of town that they might not become chargeable to it as paupers ;* of elections, national, state and town, and of annual reports and returns required ; of intentions of marriage, mar- riages, births and deaths — very incom- plete. These fill volumes, and are of no use but for occasional reference, and in- stead of these it is deemed best to give con- densed statements, under different heads, of what has served to make the town, and most to mark its history, mainly outside of its official records. political history. Votes for President fro/n 1828 to i88o.f 1828, John Quincy Adams, (National Republican,) 185 ; Andrew Jackson, (Dem- ocratic,) 171. 1832, t Andrew Jackson, (Democratic,) 284; Henry Clay, (Nat. Repub.) 163; Wm. Wirt, (anti-Masonic,) 70. 1836, Martin Van Buren, (Democratic,) 311 ; Wm. Henry Harrison, (Whig,) 246. 1840, Martin Van Buren, (Democratic,) 348; Wm. Henry Harrison, Whig,) 340; scattering 5. 1844. James K. Polk, (Democratic,) 348; Henry Clay, (Whig.) 250; James G. Birney, (Abolition,) 55. 1848, § Zachary Taylor, (Whig,) 403; •These lists contain llie names of tlie wealtliiest as well as of tlie poorest citizens, witli tlieii- families, Ir- respective of character, color or condition, and were intended to embrace every person wlio at the lime liad not become lettally chargeable to the town in case aid or support slioiild be needed. t The first recorded vote is that of 1828, the presiden- tial electors having been previously elected by tlie General Assembly. J There is no record of presidential vote, and the votes given above were for Slate officers that year, being llie nearest approximation to the presidential vote. §Atallof the elections thus marked [ijl, members and officers ot the Legislature voted in Montpelier. 270 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Lewis Cass, (Democratic,) 333 ; Martin Van Buren, (Free-Soil,) 249. After the Division of t/ie Town. 1852, Winfield Scott, (Whig,) 388; Franklin Pierce, (Democratic,) 222 ; John P. Hale, (Abolition,) 171. 1856, § John C. Freemont, (Republi- can,) 726; James Buchanan, (Democratic,) 198 ; scattering, i. i860, § Abraham Lincoln, (Republican,) 541 ; Stephen A. Douglass, (Democrat- ic,) 180; Edward Everett, (Conservative,) 3 ; John C. Breckenridge, (pro-slavery Dem.) 2. 1864, § Abraham Lincoln, (Republican,) 664; Geo. B. McClellan, (Democratic,) 157- 1868, Ulysses S. Grant, (Republican,) 416; Horatio Seymour, (Democratic,) 148. 1872, Ulysses S. Grant, (Republican,) 496; Horace Greeley, (Liberal,) 223; Charles O'Connor, (Democrat,) 3. 1876,$ Rutherford B. Hayes, (Republi- can,) 577 ; Samuel J. Tilden, (Democrat,) 423- 1880, James A. Garfield, (Republican,) 651 ;W. S. Hancock, (Democrat,) 382; scattering, 2. In ten of the above elections the ma- jority of votes cast in Montpelier was for the candidate elected ; in one instance the plurality was for the candidate elected ; in one instance the plurality and in two in- stances the majority was for candidates who were not elected. In 10 elections out of 14, therefore, the preference of Montpelier has coincided with that of the nation ; four times on the Democratic side, and six times on the Republican side. Votes for Governor front 1792 to 1880. 1792, Thomas Chittenden 24. 1793, Thomas Chittenden 23, Samuel Hitchcock 2, Parley Davis i. 1794, Thomas Chittenden 26, Elijah Paine 25, Nathaniel Niles i. 1795, Thomas Chittenden 27, Lsaac Tichenor 19. 1796, Isaac Tichenor 24, Thos. Chitten- den 17, Paul Brigham i. 1797, Elijah Paine 22, Samuel Hitch- cock 6, David Wing, Jr., 3, Lewis R. Morris i. 1798-99, Unanimous for Isaac Tichenor, the votes being 47 and 64. 1800, Isaac Tichenor 59, Paul Brigham 2, Edward Lamb i. 1801, Isaac Tichenor 51, Paul Brigham I, Israel Smith i. 1802, Isaac Tichenor 49, Israel Smith 13, Joseph Wing i. 1803, Isaac Tichenor 59, Jonathan Rob- inson 12. 1804, Isaac Tichenor 65, Jona. Robin- son 28, Lewis R. Morris 2, Jonas Galu- sha I. 1805, Isaac Tichenor 69, Jona. Robin- son 16, Israel Smith i. 1806, Isaac Tichenor 58, Israel Smith 23, James Fisk i. 1807, Isaac Tichenor 68, Israel Smith 21. 1808, Lsaac Tichenor 117, Israel Smith 109; Wm. Chamberlain 2. 1809, Jonas Galusha 155, Isaac Tichenor 112. Paul Brigham 4, Charles Marsh and Edward Lamb i each. 1810, Jonas Galusha 147, Isaac Tichenor 107, Paul Brigham, Elijah Paine and James Fisk i each. 181 1, Jonas Galusha 150, Martin Chit- tenden 103, Paul Brigham 2, Wm. Cham- berlain and Benjamin Swan i each. 1812, Jonas Galusha 163, Martin Chit- tenden 147, Paul Brigham 2, Timothy Merrill and Salvin Collins i each. 18 1 3, Jonas Galusha 172, Martin Chit- tenden 150, Paul Brigham and William Chamberlain 2 each, Chauncey Langdon i. 1814, Jonas Galusha 163, Martin Chit- tenden 156, Wm. Chamberlain and Ed- ward Lamb i each. 181 5, Martin Chittenden 175, Jonas Ga- lusha 171, Paul Brigham and Nahum Kel- ton I each. 1816, Jonas Galushanone, Saml. Strong none; number of votes not recorded. 1817, Jonas Galusha 147, Isaac Tichenor 72. i8i8-''i9, Jonas Galusha 155, Charles Marsh i ; same each year. 1820, unanimous for Richard Skinner; 191 votes cast. i82i-'22, Richard Skinner 172, Dudley Chase 2 ; same both years. 1823, Cornelius P. Van Ness 145. MONTPELIER. 271 1824, Cornelius P. Van Ness 126, Sam- uel C. Crafts I. 1825, Cornelius P. Van Ness 227, Sam- uel C. Crafts 5, Wm. A Griswold i. 1826, Ezra Butler 189, Lemuel Whitney 56, Joel Doolittle 2, Samuel C. Crafts i. 1827, Ezra Butler 359; opposition vote not published ; no town record. 1828, Samuel C. Crafts 187, Joel Doo- little 2. 1829, Samuel C. Crafts 190, Joel Doo- little 74, Heman Allen 11, Chauncey Lang- don 2, Ira Allen and Silas Crafts i each. 1830, Samuel C. Crafts 181, Ezra Meach 172, Wm. A. Palmer 37. 183 1, Ezra Meach 234, Heman Allen 141, Wm. A. Palmer 77, Samuel C. Crafts i. 1832, Ezra Meach 284, Samuel C. Crafts 163, Wm. A. Palmer 70. 1833, John Roberts 216, Wm. A. Palmer 193, Ezra Meach 114, Horatio Seymour 18, James Bell 3, D. A. A. Buck i. 1834, Wm. C. Bradley 347, Wm. A. Palmer 154, Horatio Seymour 1 18, Samuel C. Crafts I. 1835, Wm. C. Bradley 302, Charles Paine 115, Wm. A. Palmer 52, Wm. A. Griswold and Dudley Chase i each. 1836, Wm. C. Bradley 375, Silas H. Jennison 281, Wm. Slade i. 1837, Wm. C. Bradley 346, Silas H. Jennison 292. 1838, Wm. C. Bradley 388, .Silas H. Jennison 305. 1839, Nathan Smilie 405, Silas H. Jen- nison 340, Timothy Goodale 3, Lyman Fitch I. 1840, Paul Dillingham, Jr., 428, Silas H. Jennison 386, Solomon Sias 5, scatter- ing 3- 1841, Nathan Smilie 445, Charles Paine 261, Titus Hutchinson 43, Samuel C. Crafts and H. F. Janes i each. 1842, Nathan Smilie 430, Charles Paine 272, Charles K. Williams 22, C. B. Wil- liams I. 1843, Daniel Kellogg 404, John Mat- tocks 248, Charles K. Williams 26. 1844, Daniel Kellogg 420, Wm. Slade 318, Wm. R. Shafter 70, scattering i. 1845, Daniel Kellogg 382, Wm. Slade 238, Wm. R. Shafter 83, scattering 2. 1846, John Smith 385, Horace Eaton 269, Lawrence Brainerd99,Heman Allen2. 1847, Paul Dillingham, Jr., 366, Horace Eaton 255, Lawrence Brainerd 100, Dan- iel Kellogg 4, Jedediah H. Harris i. 1848, Paul Dillingham, Jr., 376, Carlos Coolidge 258, Oscar L. Shafter 118. After the Division of the Town. 1849, Carlos Coolidge 248, Horatio Need- ham 248. 1850, Charles K. Williams 259, Lucius B. Peck 236, John Roberts 12. 1851, Charles K. Williams 238, Tim- othy P. Redfield 223, John S. Robinson 14. 1852, Erastus Fairbanks 242, John S. Robinson 125, Lawrence Brainerd 89. 1853, Erastus Fairbanks 220, John S. Robinson 173, Lawrence Brainerd 68, Stephen Royce i . 1854, Stephen Royce 248, Merritt Clark 165, Lawrence Brainerd 9, Wm. C. Kit- tredge i. 1855, Stephen Royce 378, Merritt Clark 144, Wm. R. Shafter 3. 1856, Ryland Fletcher 284, Henry Keyes 155, scattering 4. 1857, Ryland Fletcher 197, Henry Keyes 100, scattering 2. 1858, Hiland Hall 236, Henry Keyes 124, Wm. R. Shafter 3, Philip C. Tucker i. 1859, Hiland Hall 265, John G. Saxe 123. i860, Erastus Fairbanks 326, John G. Saxe 140, Robert Harvey 4. 1 861, Andrew Tracy 199, Frederick Holbrook 146, Wm. R. Shafter 2, Hiram Atkins I. 1862, Frederick Holbrook 173, Paul Dillingham 19, B. H.Smalley 6, Levi Un- derwood 5, scattering 4. 1863, John G. Smith 318, Timothy P. Redfield 67. ' 1864, John G. Smith 399, T. P. Red- field 97, scattering i. 1865, Paul Dillingham 268, Charles N. Davenport 90. 1866, Paul Dillingham 327, Charles N. Davenport 125. 1867, John B. Page 288, John L. Ed- wards 112, B. B. Smalley i. 1868, John B. Page 457, John L. Ed- wards 175. 272 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. 1869, Peter T. Washburn 301, Homer W. Heaton 138. 1870, John W. Stewart 322, Homer W. Heaton 167. 1872, Julius Converse 424, Abram B. Gardner 265. 1874, Asahel Peck 301, W. H. H. Bing- ham 297. 1876, Horace Fairbanks 503, W. H. H. Bingham 369, scattering i . 1878, Redfield Proctor 37S, W. H. H. Bingham 258, scattering il • 1880, Roswell Farnham 540, E.J. Phelj^s 290, scattering i. From the above record it appears that the town was Federal in politics from its organization until 1809, the year after the election of Mr. Madison as President : that in 1809 and until 18 15 the Republicans of the Jeffersonian school were in the ma- jority ; and that in 1815, the Federalists obtained a small majority. The vote of 1 81 6 is not to be found in the town re- cords, and search has been made for it in the office of the Secretary of State, but without finding it. The representative elected in that year was a Jeffersonian Re- publican, and in 1817 the town was of the same politics by a vote of two to one. From that period there was no serious di- vision in State politics for 12 years. It was "the era of good feeling," following the .successful close of the war of 181 2 with Great Britain, and the people of the town were, with rare exceptions, substantially unanimous. On the election of Gen. Jack- son, a new organization of two political parties was made — known as the National Republican and the Democratic parties — and each was composed of men gathered from the old Federal and Republican ranks. These \i»sre speedily followed by the anti- masonic party, and the votes from 1830 to 1835 inclusive, reveal the existence of the three parties in Montpelier, and also that the Democratic party was in the ascendan- cy. In 1836 and until 1841, there were but two parties. Democratic and Whig, the latter being in the minority. In 1841, the anti-slavery party was developed, and three organized parties were in existence until the division of the town January i, 1849 : but in all this period the Democrat- ic party was ascendant, and in fact elected the town officers in every year after 1830 until 1849. ^i^ the governor vote in 1848, the old town was exactly balanced between the Democrats on the one side and the Whigs aud Anti-Slavery men on the other. AFTER THE DIVISION OF THE TOWN. In 1849, the number of parties was again reduced to two, by a fusion of the Demo- crats and Anti-Slavery men into what was called the Freesoil party, and the town was exactly tied on the vote for Governor, but it elected the first Whig representative in the person of the late Jackson A. Vail, Esq., a lawyer and legislator of great abili- ty. From that period until the formation of the R'epublican party in 1854, the Whigs uniformly prevailed, as the Republicans have done since 1854, the election of Mar- cus D. Gilman excepted. TOWN REPRESENTATIVES FROM 1 792 tO 1882. 1792 to 1796, 5 years, Jacob Davis; 1797, 8, 1800, 01, 4 yrs., David Wing, Jr. ; 1799, 1802, Parley Davis; 1803, 10, Jo- seph Woodworth ; 1804, 14, 15, Edward Lamb; 1805 to 1809, Cyrus Ware; 1811, 12, Timothy Merrill ; 1813, Joseph Howes, after which for some years he was in the military service of the United States ; 1816, 17, 18, 20, 29, Nahum Kelton ; 1819, George Worthington ; 1821, 22, 23, 26, Araunah Waterman; 1824, 5, Samuel Prentiss; 1827, 8, 30, William UiDham ; 1831, 32, 2>1)^ Azel Spalding; 1834, 5, Wm. Billings; 1836, 7, Lucius B. Peck; 1838, 9, Royal Wheeler; 1840, 41, Hora- tio N. Baylies; 1842, 3, Addison Peck; 1844, 5, Jeremiah T. Marston ; 1846, 7, Charles Clark; 1848, Homer W. Heaton. REPRESENTATIVES AFTER THE DIVISION OF THE TOWN. 1849, 50, Jackson A. Vail; 1851, 2, Hezekiah H.Reed; 1853, Eliakim P. Wal- ton, recorded as E. P. Walton Jr. ; 1854, Abijah Keith; 1855, Elisha P. Jewett; 1856, 7, Ferrand F. Merrill; 1858, 59, George W. Collamer; i860, 61, George C. Shepard ; 1862, 3, Charles Reed ; 1864, 5, Whitman G. Ferrin; 1866, 7, Joel Fos- MONTPELIER 273 ter, Jr. ; 1868, 9, James R. Langdon ; 1870, 71, Joseph Poland ; 1872, 3, Parley P. Pit- kin ; 1874, 5, Marcus D. Gilman ; 1876, 7, Charles T. Sabin ; 1878, 79, Hiram A. Huse; 1880, 81, B. F. Fifield,— the six last for biennial sessions. CITIZENS OF MONTPELIER WHO HAVE HELD CIVIL OFFICES IN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES. Electors of President and Vice - Presi- dent — 1836, Edward Lamb; 1840, Joseph Reed ; 1852, Ezekiel P. Walton ; 1872, Elisha P. Jewett. Augustine Clark and Wm. P. Briggs also held this. office, but previous to their residence in Montpelier. Senators in Congress — Samuel Prentiss, 1831 to 42, II years; William Upham, 1843 to 53, 10 years. Members of Congress — Lucius B. Peck, 1847 to 51, 4 years; Eliakim P. Walton, 1857 to 63, 6 years; Charles W. Willard, 1869 to 75, 6 years. U. S. District Judge — Samuel Prentiss, 1S42 to 56, 14 years, (7. S. District Attorneys — Lucius B. Peck, 1853 to 57; B. Franklin Fifield, 1869 to 1881. United States Marshal — George W. Barker, 1835 to 37. Clerk of U. S. Circuit and District Courts — Edward H. Prentiss, 1842 to 59, 17 years. Register of the U. S. Treasury — Stod- dard B. Colby, appointed in 1866, and died while in office. Post-Ojfce Depart/nciU — Charles Lyman was appointed clerk in the Dead Letter Office in 1861, and is now in that depart- ment ; also Miss Emma Camp. Treasury Department and General Laiid Office — Henry Howes. Agents for Pay itig Pensions — Azel Spald- ing, Thomas Reed, Jr., George Howes, Stephen Thomas. The office was re- moved to New Hampshire while Gen. Thomas was incumbent. Collector of Internal Revemte — Joseph Poland, Sept. 1862 to Mar. 69; C. S. Dana, Mar. 1869 to 81 ; J. C. Stearns, from July I, 1881. In this list might be included the roll of postmasters, sundry inspectors in the rev- enue department, and the names of a few who have been employed in subordinate offices at Washington, but a correct list is impracticable. CITIZENS OF MONTPELIER WHO HAVE HELD CIVIL OFFICES IN THE STATE GOVERN- MENT. Members of the Council of Cetisors — Nicholas Baylies, 1813; Joshua Y. Vail, 1820; Ezekiel P. Walton, 1827; Joseph Reed, 1834; Hezekiah H. Reed, 1841 ; Joseph A. Prentiss, 1862; Charles Reed, 1869. Members of Constitutional Conventions — Jacob Davis, 1793; Joseph Howes, 1814; Darius Boyden, 1822 ; Stephen Foster, 1828; Nahum Kelton, 1836; Jeremiah T. Marston, 1843. 1850; Oramel H. Smith, 1857; Eliakim P. Walton, 1870. Councillors previous to the State Senate in 1836 — Nicholas Baylies, 1814 to 15; George Worthington, 1827 to 31. State Senators — Araunah Waterman, 1836-8 ; Wooster Sprague, 1842, 4; Or- amel H. Smith, 1845, 7; Charles G. East- man, 1851, 3; Joseph Poland, 1858, 60; Charles W. Willard, i860, 62 ; Roderick Rjchardson, 1862, 64 ; Charles Reed, 1864, 7 ; Charles Dewey, 1867, 70; Eliakim P. Walton, 1874 to 1878. State Treasurers — Augustine Clark, 1 833 to 37; John Spalding, 1841 to 46; Elisha P. Jewett, 1846; George Howes, 1847 to 53 ; John A. Page, 1853 ; and again elected in 1866, and is still in office. Secretaries of State — David Wing, Jr., 1802 to 6; Timothy Merrill, 1831 to 36; Chauncey L. Knapp, 1836 to 41 ; James McM. Shafter, 1842 to 49; Ferrand F. Merrill, 1849 to 53; Daniel P. Thompson, 1853 to 55; Charles W. Willard, 1855 to 57; Geo. W. Bailey, Jr., 1861 to 65. Secretary of Governor and Council — George B. Manser, 1832 to 36. Secretary of Civil and Military Affairs — George B. Man.ser, 1836 to 41. Clerks of House of Representatives — Timothy Merrill, 1822 to 31; Oramel H. Smith, ^r'w// the seaboard at Boston, through Lo^ivell, Mass., Concord in New Hampshire, and thence by the most convetiient route through the valley of Onioti river to Lake Cham- plain, and thence to the waters of Lake On- tario at Ogdensburgh, New York* Resolved, That the chairman and secre- tary of this meeting be authorized to call an assembly of the inhabitants of the coun- ty of Washington, at such time and place as they may think proper, to consult on this important subject, and to adopt such measures as may be deemed expedient. Which is respectfully submitted. Lyman Reed, ~^ E. P. Walton, > Com»iittee. S. Baldwin, ) At this meeting. General Parley Davis, Joshua Y. Vail, Araunah Waterman, and Sylvanus Baldwin, Esqrs., were appointed a committee " to prepare a topographical and statistical statement of facts on the subject of a route for a railroad from Bos- ton to Ogdensburgh ;" and Hon. Daniel Baldwin was appointed an agent to repre- sent the views of the meeting to the Massa- chusetts Railroad Association. These were all Montpelier men, Lyman Reed being then a citizen. He had been a merchant in Boston previously, and has since been in Baltimore and Boston. He was zealous for the interests of Boston, and very well informed on the then new question of railroads. He prepared the first lectures on the subject for the Mont- pelier Lyceum ; and then elaborated these into seven articles, which were published in Mr. Walton's newspaper, the then named Vermont Watchman &^ State Gazette. The President, Capt. Timothy Hubbard, and the Secretary of the meeting, O. H. Smith, Esq., immediately called a meeting of citizens of Washington county and vi- •In the Railroad Jubilee, Sept. 1851, this resolution was placed on one of the banners, with the names of the Committee appended, and it was styled " An ex- tract from the First Report in relation to a railroad from Boston to Ofrdensburgh, dated Feb. 9, [2,] 1830." —See Boston Railroad Jubilee, 1851, page 132. cinity, which was holden at Montpelier, Feb. 17, 1830. Gen. E. P. Walton (se- nior) presided, and O. H. Smith, Esq., was Secretary. At this meeting the com- mittee on topographical and other facts, through Gen. Parley Davis, submitted an elaborate report, which filled four columns of the IVatchmati &^ State Gazette. With the aid of knowledge derived from John L. Sullivan of Massachusetts, and John Mc- Duffie of Bradford, as to routes in Massa- chusetts and New Hampshire ; of other engineers as to both routes in New York ; and the canal surveys and the personal knowledge of Davis, Waterman, and Syl- vanus Baldwin, as to the routes in Ver- mont, — the entire line from Boston to Og- densburg was covered, and an array of fa- vorable facts presented, which gave a pow- erful impulse to public opinion in all the States interested, and gained for its au- thors and Montpelier the highest credit. Feb. 22, 1830, The Vermont Railroad Association was formed at Montpelier, of which all the officers were Montpelier men. They were : Timothy Hubbard, President ; Joseph Howes, Vice President ; Araunah Waterman, Joshua Y.Vail, Silas C. French, Ira Owen, Timothy Merrill, Directors ; Daniel Baldwin, Treasurer ; Lyman Reed, Recording Secretary ; E. P. Walton, (Sr.,) Corresponding Secretary. The first response to Montpelier was made on the nth of March, 1830, by a meeting at Keeseville, N. Y., of which Elkanah Watson was chairman. The pro- ceedings of the Washington and Orange County meeting at Montpelier on the pre- ceding 17th of February, including the full report of Gen. Davis, were read. It was resolved " that we cordially concur in the sentiments disclosed in the proceedings of a meeting held at Montpelier, Vt., on the 17th ultimo;" and a committee, of which Mr. Watson was chairman, was "author- ized to commence a correspondence with that appointed at the Montpelier meeting, and with any other similar bodies," and "with our national and state authorities." A copy of the proceedings, both of the Keeseville and Montpelier meetings, was sent to Hon. Isaac Finch, M. C, from MONTPELIER. 303 New York, who was requested to invite the co-operation of the New York delega- tion in securing U. S. engineers to make surveys . March 23, 1830, Ogdensburgh respond- ed ; Apr. 6, Concord, N. H., and on the 1 2th of May, Chittenden County entered spiritedly into the enterprise by a meeting at Burlington. That meeting Resolved, That we consider the public much indebted for the patriotic exertions of numerous associations of individuals on the contemplated route, and particularly to tliegejitletnen of Washington and Orange Counties for t/ieir elaborate and able report, and offer them our zealous co-operation in the laudable endeavor to excite attention and diffuse information on the subject. The meeting most miportant in its re- sult, however, was held at Malone, N. Y., on the 26th of May, 1830, of which a former citizen of Montpelier, George B. R. Gove, Esq., was an active member. The important feature in the proceedings was the suggestion of a General Railroad Con- vention, to consist of delegates from coun- ties on the proposed railway route in New York, Vermont and New Hampshire. The proceedings of this meeting were published in the Boston Patriot, whose editor ap- proved of the proposed General Conven- tion, to be held at Montpelier, and in which Massachusetts also was to be repre- sented, adding : "The Lowell road will be the beginning of the work, that before many years we hope to see extend to the Lakes." That work occupied 21 years. July 4, 1830, Elkanah Watson submit- ted an elaborate and interesting report " to the gentlemen of the Boston and Ogdens- burgh Railroad Committee for the Coun- ties of Essex and Clinton, State of New York." Three facts from a man of so high repute must be recorded here. He first alluded to the purpose of the Keeseville meeting as being " to consult on the pro- priety of co-operating with our eastern brethren, /Jiore especially the patriotic town of Montpelier , ifi the State of Vermont, on the splendid project of a railroad from Boston to Ogdensburgh ;" and then settled the question of priority, between himself and Mr. Sullivan, as to the first suggestion of the grand scheme, in these words : " It will be my fortunate lot, in character of an old and successful projector, to play the second fiddle, in figurative language. Mr. Sullivan opened the ball by a correspond- ence with me in 1827." And again : "Let me therefore bear testimony at the tribunal of this generation and posterity, that the credit is exclusively due to John L. Sulli- van, Esq., a distinguished civil engineer, and son of the late Governor Sullivan, of Boston." The third fact is the statement that the circulars issued by the Malone Committee, for the General Convention at Montpelier, were prepared by Mr. Watson. Oct. 6, 1830, the General Convention, consisting of delegates from Massachu- setts, New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York — 48 in all — was held at Montpelier. The president was Luther Bradish, of Moira, N. Y., afterwards of New Y'ork city, and president of the State Senate. The secretaries were Albe Cady, of Con- cord, N. H., and John Johnson, of Bur- lington, Vt., Surveyor General of the State. It was a body of able and earnest men, and interesting addresses were de- livered by Elkanah Watson, of Port Kent, N. Y., and James Hayward, (engineer,) Henry Williams, (merchant,) and David Lee Child, (editor,) of Boston. An im- portant communication from John L. Sul- livan was read, and the Convention was closed by a speech by President Bradish. Two of Vermont's most famous railroad men 15 years afterward, appeared for the first time in that role in this Convention — Charles Paine, of Northfield, and Timothy FoUett, of Burlington ; one the first pres- ident of the Vermont Central Railroad Co., and the other of the Rutland and Burling- ton Co. The main business of the Con- vention consisted of six resolutions, rais- ing the same number of committees for furthering the great project. In forming these committees the Convention went outside of its own body and enlisted em- inent men in each State, such as Daniel Webster, Richard Fletcher, Amos Binney, and Robert G. Shaw, of Boston ; Matthew Harvey, Samuel Bell, Wm. A. Kent,Chas. G. Atherton and Jo.seph Bell, of New 304 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Hampshire; D. Azro A. Buck, Heman Allen, (of Milton and Burlington, )Timothy Follett, Dudley Chase, and Samuel Pren- tiss, of Vermont ; and Richard Keese, Luther Bradish, Geo. Parrish, and Elkanah Watson, of New York. The scheme was an admirable one to enlist men wielding a powerful influence in the communities where they dwelt ; but it was inefficient for concentrated action, by reason of the impracticability of ever bringing the com- mittee-men together, and became illusory by depending upon the General Govern- ment to commence the work, at least by surveys, if not by aid in the construction of the road. The project was worthy of being treated as a national one ; but suc- cess was not attained until all idea of even State aid was abandoned, and the heavy burden was cast upon individual enterprise through incorporated companies in the several States interested. The first charter for the Vermont sec- tion of the road was passed Nov. lo, 1835, being an act to incorporate The Vermont Central Railroad Co. The commissioners for obtaining stock were John N. Pomeroy, Timothy Follett, John Peck and Luther Loomis, of Burlington ; John Spalding, Timothy Hubbard and Jonathan P. Miller, of Montpelier ; Amplius Blake, of Chelsea, Chester Baxter, of Sharon, and Lewis Lyman, of Hartford. The first meeting of the commissioners was held at Mont- pelier, Jan. 6, 1836, and the books for subscriptions to the stock were first opened at the same place on the next day. This attempt failed, as the originators of it ex- pected it would fail. The purpose and effect was to show to Massachusetts, New Hampshire and New York that Vermont was ready to co-operate, and would be ready when the time should come for practical action on their part. The second charter of the Vermont Central Railroad Company passed Oct. 31, 1843. The commissioners were Charles Paine, of Northfield, John Peck and Wyllys Lyman, of Burlington, Daniel Baldwin and Elisha P. Jewett, of Montpelier, An- drew Tracy, of Woodstock, and Levi B. Vilas, of Chelsea ; who were required to open books of subscription within one year at Montpelier, Burlington, and such other places as they might deem proper. This requirement was observed, but not until the spring of 1845 was the work of procur- ing subscriptions vigorously pressed. Pre- liminary to this, a Railroad Convention, consisting of delegates from various parts of Vermont and New Hampshire, met at Montpelier, Jan. 8, 1844. Hon. Charles Paine, of Northfield, was president ; Hon. Elijah Blaisdell, of Lebanon, N. H. ; Gen. Joel Bass,of Williamstown, Simeon Lyman, of Hartford, and Hon. Joseph Howes, of Montpelier, Vice Presidents; and Hon. Oramel H. Smith, of Montpelier, and Halsey R. Stevens, Esq., of Lebanon, N. H., Secretaries. Hon. Charles Paine, of Northfield, and Hon. Daniel Baldwin and Col. Elisha P. Jewett, of Montpelier, were constituted a Central Corresponding and Financial Committee, with authority to raise funds and procui^e surveys from Connecticut river to Lake Champlain, and to examine routes on the west side of the mountains. James R. Langdon, Esq., of Montpelier, advanced ten thousand dol- lars for the purpose, and the surveys were executed that season, and a favorable re- port made Nov. 20, 1844. The commissioners appointed by the Central charter necessarily awaited the re- sults of the surveys before pressing for subscriptions to the stock ; but a further delay was occasioned by the neglect of the directors of the Concord, (N. H.,) road, chiefly, to secure the construction of what is now the Northern (N. H.) railroad. Assurances had been given by these di- rectors, and a meeting of the active pro- moters of the Central road with the di- rectors of the Concord road had been ap- pointed at Lebanon, N. H. Gov. Paine, with several Montpelier gentlemen, at- tended on the part of the Central, but there was no appearance of the Concord directors. It happened that a meeting of the friends of the then projected Sullivan (N. H.) road had been fixed for the next day at Claremont. In this emergency, Gov. Paine requested Col. Elisha P. Jew- ett and E. P. Walton, Jr., of Montpelier, MONTPELIER. 30s to attend the Claremont meeting, and to pledge the Central road to a connection tuith the Sullivan, Cheshire and Fitchbitrg roads, thus forming a railway line through to Boston. This was done, and it proved to be a masterly stroke, forcing the construc- tion of the Northern (N. H.) road, and securing ultimately the completion of the Cheshire, Sullivan, Vermont Central, Ver- mont & Canada, and Northern (N. Y.) roads to Ogdensburgh — a realization of the grand scheme suggested by Mr. Sul- livan in 1826-27, and vigorously urged' all along the line by the action of Mont- pelier in 1830. The Claremont meeting was April 30, 1845. Within the next fortnight the New Hampshire Railroad Commissioners reported in favor of per- mitting the construction of the Northern (N. H.) railroad from Concord to West Lebanon, and the Governor approved the report. On the 4th of June the directors of the Fitchburgh road voted in favor of a connection with the Central, and a circu- lar to that effect was issued, signed by of- ficers of the Fitchburgh, Vermont & Mas- sachusetts, and Cheshire roads ; and on the loth of June the books of subscription to Central stock were opened in Boston. Thus rapid were the movements of all the lines concerned, after Gov. Paine's " flank movement" at Claremont — as famous, by the way, among railroad men then, as was Stannard's at Gettysburgh in army*circles afterward. The work of obtaining capita! in Boston for the Central road was undertaken at a time apparently very unfavorable, by reason of sharp competition between the Central and Rutland Companies in direct opposi- tion to each other, as well as of the ap- peals for stock for the Cheshire, Sullivan, Northern, and other roads. The writer was an active participant in the struggle, and this is a fit occasion to express the opinion he has long entertained, that with- out a sharp contest and competition, the capitalists of Boston could not have been aroused and interested — especially those who had already invested in the Massa- chusetts roads that were to be connected with those to be built in Vermont — and the work would have been slow ; perhaps a work of years. As it was, all of the then competing roads quickly obtained the cap- ital requisite for organization, and all were speedily constructed—too speedily for econ- omy. The work of obtaining Central stock in Vermont was assigned to Hon. Daniel Baldwin, of Montpelier, who had able assistants, however, in the towns most in- terested, from Burlington to Windsor. Gov. Paine took the task of raising capital in Boston, and as his assistants engaged the services of James R. Langdon and E. P. Walton, Jr., of Montpelier, — Mr. Lang- don as an eminent business man, and Mr. Walton to write for the press. As already lecorded, the books were opened in Bos- ton, June 10, 1845 ; on the 3d of July the first meeting of stockholders was called, and on the 23d of July the meeting was held and the Company legally and formally organized at Montpelier with a subscribed capital of two millions — the work of a month and a half. The amount obtained to that date in Boston was $1,500,000 ; and the amount obtained in Vermont was $500,000, of which $200, cop was subscribed in Montpelier. The whole amount of stock and bonds taken by Montpelier was near $400,000, and exceeded that sum in the opinion of Hon. Daniel Baldwin. Montpelier certainly was the leading town in the enterprise, and yet, unlike North- field, St. Albans, and Burlington, it has received only such advantages from the road as were necessarily incidental. It has had merely the power to get on to the road and use it, through the disadvantages of a branch. It is due to Gov. Paine and his coadju- tors to say, that from the first, their ob- jects were far-reaching and vast. It has already been stated that the necessities of the Central road led Gov. Paine to the adroit movement which forced the com- pletion of the Fitchburg and the construc- tion of the Cheshire, Sullivan and North- ern (N. H.) railroads to meet the Central on the west bank of Connecticut river. But this was only a part of the scheme of Gov. Paine and his colaborers. One of the 39 3o6 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. first things done, on opening the Central books for subscription in Boston, was the construction of a map, prepared and pub- lished b}' the writer of this paper, which gave all the great western lakes and the bordering territory in the United States and Canada, and a table of the tonnage of all the U. S. collection districts on the Lakes, copied from the official report of the U. S. Secretary of the Treasury. This was a revelation of the vast internal com- merce of our country, exceeding its for- eign commerce. It was at first received with surprise and doubt, and it became necessary to confirm the table by placing an official printed copy of the Secretary's report in the Boston Exchange, for the in- spection of the doubters. This was fol- lowed for nearly three months by a series of articles in the Boston papers, prepared by myself, for the purpose of magnifying the Central road as a necessary way for Boston to reach not only the local trade ot Central Vermont, but also the immense commerce of the North-western States and Canada. This large view always prevailed in the Central councils, and it has been executed with wonderful success. The Central by its lease pushed the Vermont and Canada road to Rouse's Point, and the Northern N. Y. road to Ogdensburgh followed ; then the Vermont and Canada was connected with Montreal and the Canadian system of railroads, of which it may be said that they owe much to the Vermont Central and managers of other New England roads. When the line from Boston to Ogdensburgh was assured, Gov. Paine and Central friends visited Sir Allan McNab, of Canada, and in 1857 a com- mittee of Boston gentlemen, among them Central men, visited Lord Elgin, and made a tour from Hamilton to Quebec — the purpose of both being to urge the con- struction of railroads in Canada, which have since been completed. At a later date the Central Vermont managers estab- lished a line of steamers from Ogdensburgh to the head of Lake Superior, and out of that has grown the Northern Pacific rail- road, which will speedily span the conti- nent. Truly the .suggestion ot Mr. Sulli- van in 1826-27, and the report of the three citizens of Montpelier in 1830, have been matvellously productive in develop- ing the resources of this country and Can- ada, and supplying freight to the numerous steamers of Sir Hugh Allan and of the Cunard and other lines of ocean steam- ers. As the writer of this paper has lived to see these grand results, he cannot but regard his labor in Boston in 1845 ^^ ^'''^ greatest work of his life. Only three of the fathers of the Vermont Central Railroad are now living, and these are all Montpelier men, to wit : Col. Eli- sha P. Jewett, commissioner under the second and actual charter, James R. Lang- don, and E. P. Walton, Jr., until his fath- er's death in 1855, and now E. P. Walton. Nbtwithstanding the disappointment to the expectations of the town, the zeal and liberality of its citizens for public improve- ments have survived. Various railroad enterprises have been undertaken and charters obtained, but only one has been realized. The entire cash fund required for the construction of the Montpelier and Wells River railroad was $400,000, and of this $250,000 was subscribed, and more than $200,000 has been paid by Mont- pelier, more than half of the cash capital. The road, howeyer, is not managed in the intere-t of Montpelier. The last feature in railway construction is thetj — Tuttle & Dewey, publishers. 8 pp. 6 x 8, and is- sued monthly. Winooski Impetus — Metropolis of Ver- mont, April 15, 1835, to March, 1836. 4to. Published monthly by a society of young men. The Montpelierian — Vol. 5, No. i. Sem- inary Hill, Montpelier, Vt., Jan. 20, 1877. Published by the Literary Society of the Vermont Methodist Seminary. 4 to, p. 8, [4] Continued monthly. {Editors and publishers now residing at Montpelier — E. P. Walton, retired; Jo- seph Poland, present proprietor of the Watchman ] J. M. Poland, retired ; Hiram Atkins, proprietor of the Argus, to whom we are indebted for the fine views of Beth- any and Christ Church in No. 3 of the Gazetteer; H. R. Wheelock and H. A. Huse of the Freeman^^ (|^ BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MONTPELIER. BY M. D. OILMAN, Librarian of the Vermont Historical Society. Montpelier has been prominent in the printing of books from an early period of its history ; the number of book imprints issued from the press of this town, as shown in my bibliography of Vermont, a work in course of preparation, exceeds 800, including of course official publications for the State, which are probably more than half of the number. The earliest Montpelier imprint I have met is a work compiled by Clark Brown with the title: "The Declaration of Inde- pendence, the Constitution of the United States, and of Vermont, also Washington's Farewell Address," etc. Printed by Ben- jamin H. Wheeler, for Brown & Parks, 1807. 16° p. 76. Mr. Brown started the first newspaper in town, the "Vermont Precursor," which he published weekly, Nov. 1806 to Sept. 1807, when he sold out to Samuel Goss, who was at that time publishing a paper at Peacham. Mr. Goss re-christened the "Precursor" as the "Watchman," numbering consec- utively from the commencement of the former. In 1808, Mr. Brown delivered a Masonic Sermon at Danville: "The Mor- al and Benevolent Design of Christianity and Freemasonry," etc. Danville : Eben- ezer Eaton. The following partial list of books and pamphlets relating in any way to Montpe- lier is of interest, as showing the class of literature circulated among the people, es- pecially in the earlier history of the State ; the list is compiled wholly from my bibliog- raphy of Vt. The publications of the numerous insti- tutions and organizations in the State, such as religious, educational, masonic, temperance, odd fellows, agricultural, med- ical, benevolent, military, railroads, insur- ance and others, for full lists of which see Walton's Registers, are omitted here as well also as all official State publications, and town reports, although Montpelier printers have had their full share of the printing of the above works. All the pub- 40 3U VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. lications named were printed in Montpelier unless otherwise noted. Adams, Daniel. Englisli Grammar. Published by L. O. C. Bowles, 1814. — Another edition, same publisher, 1817. — The Scholar's Arithmetic. Wright & Sibley, printers, 1812. Adams, F. W. " Theological Criticisms." Published by J. E. Thompson. 1843. p. 216. Mr. Adams was an eminent pliysician in Montpelier for many years, where he died in Dec. 1858, aged 71. Aiken, Solomon. "An Appeal to the Churches," etc., p. 120, printed by E. P. Walton, 182 1. Allis, Rev. O. D. Funeral Sermon on the death of Chas. M. Griswold, 1862. Printed at the Freeman office. Austin, Rev. Samuel. Election Sermon. 1816. Printed by Walton & Goss. Baldwin, Daniel. Memorial Service, held in the Church of the Messiah, at Montpelier, Aug. 7, 1881. Printed, for private distribution, by Joseph Poland. 8° p. 18. [By Rev. J. Edw. Wright.] See sketch of Mr. Baldwin, ^oeen for many years a law bookseller and publi'-licr in Boston. He is well versed in the history of Vermont, and has been a liberal donor to the Vt. Hist. Soc. Religious Courtship, [By Daniel De Foe.] Printed by Derrick Sibley, for Josiah Parks, i8lo. 12° p. 348. Rollins, E. E. Memorial Record of Greensboro Soldiers, 1861-5. Free- man print, 1868. 12° p. 77. [See Greensboro in vol. 11, this Gazetteer.] Sanders, D. C. A History of the Indian Wars. Wright & Sibley, printers. 12° p. 319. 1812. a very scarce work. Mr. Sanders was the first Pres- ident of the University of Vermont. [See biography of, in History of Burlington In vol. i, this Gazetteer.] Savage, R. A. Memorial Record of the Soldiers of Stowe, 1861-5. Freeman Print, 1867. 12'^ p. 104. [See Stowe in vol. II, this Gazetteer.] ScoTT, Walter. The Lady of the Lake. A Poem. Wright & Sibley, printers, 1813. 18° p. 320. Scott, William. Lessons in Elocution, etc. Published by E. P. & G. S. Wal- ton, 1818. 18° p. 383. —Another edition, byE. P. Walton, 1820. p. 407. MONTPELIER. 319 Select Sentences. Printed for John Crosby, 1813. 18° p. 36. Shelton, Rev. F. W. Address at the funeral of Mrs. Upham, in ChristChurch, May II, 1856. E. P. Walton, printer. 8° p. 16. Mr. Shelton was Rector ofClirist Cliurcli, Montpel- ier, 1854-66; he was a pleasant writer, and published several volumes, besides numerous articles in the Knickerbocker Magazine. Mr. Shelton died at Car- thage Landing, oii-the-Hudson, June 2U, 1881. Shepard, Sylvanus. The Phoenix Chron- icle. The Bonfire, in which 450 books were burned. A View of Montpelier and all the country villages in the State. Printed for the author, 1825. 8° p. 18. Mr. Shepard was an early settler of East Montpel- ier. Short Expose of the management of the finances of Vermont. Patriot office, 1844. p. 8. Skinner, Rev. Warren. Capital Pun- ishment. A Lecture before the Legis- lature of Vermont, and others, Oct. 26, 1834. Geo. W. Hill, printer. 8"^ p. 19. — The Christian Ministry. A Sermon be- fore the Universalist Convention at Montpelier, Jan. 17, 1833, at the Ordi- nation of Rev. J. M. Austin. Geo. W. Hill. 8° p. 25. Smith, Ruth B., (of Newbury.) The Pension Case of the late Capt. James T. Smith. Polands' print, 1879. 8° p. 32. Southmayd, Jonathan C. Address be- fore the Philological Society of Middle- bury College, August 15, 1826. E. P. Walton, printer. — Discourse at Montpelier, March 16, 1828, on the use of distilled spirits. E. P. Walton, printer. 8° p. 16. Spalding, Rev. Geo. B., D. D. God in the War. A Serir.on at Vergennes, Nov. 26, 1863. Burlington: 8° p. 21. — A Discourse commemorative of Gen. Samuel P. Strong, at Vergennes, Feb. 28, 1864. Burlington : 8° p. 22. — A Discourse at Dover, N. H., May 18, 1873, ori the two hundredth anniversary of the settlement of that town. Dover, N. H. 8° p. 29. — A Discourse Commemorative ol Hon. John P. Hale, at Dover, N. H., Nov. 27, 1873. Concord, N. H. 8° p. 19. — Relation of the Church to Children. A Discourse at Haverhill, N. H., Nov. 6, 1873. Bristol, N. H. 8° p. 12. — The Dover Pulpit during the Revolu- tion. A Discourse Commemorative of Rev. Jeremy Belknap, D. D., July 9, 1876. Dover, N. H. 8° p. 31. — Semi-Centennial Discourse at Laconia, N. H., June 18, 1878, before the Con- ference Churches of Strafford County. Dover, N. H. 8° p. 20. — Normal School Trainirig. Address at Gorham, Maine, Dec. 26, 1878. Port- land, Me. 8° p. 12. — Address before the New Hampshire Sunday-School Convention at Haverhill, N. H., Nov. 6, 1879. Bristol, N. H. 8° p. 8. Rev. Dr. Spaldin;; is a native of Montpelier, son of the late James Spalding, M. I). He is pastor of the First Congregational Church, Dover, N. H,, where he was settled in 1869. See Granite Monthly., vol. i, p. 197-9, for a biographical sketch. Spalding, James R. An Address on Fe- male Education at Pittsfield, Mass., Aug. 22, 1855. New York. 8° p. 28. — An Oration at the Semi-Centennial An- niversary of the University of Vermont, August, 1854. 8° p. 2>2,- Mr. Spalding, an elder brother of tlie above, died at the residence of liis brother in Dover. Oct. 10. 187-.'. He was born in Montpelier, Nov. 15, 1821. Mr. Spald- ing was a gentlemon of tine culture and attainments. For many years he was an associate editor of the New York Courier and Inquirer, and he was mainly tlie founder of the New Y'ork World newspaper in 1859 ; an appropriate tribute to the worth of .Mr. Spalding, by Ricliard Grant White, was printed in the daily World 01 October 12, 1872. Stebbins, R. L Sermon at the Ordina- tion of Mr. Charles A. Allen, as min- ister of the Church of the Messiah, at Montpelier, March i, 1865. Ballou, Loveland & Co. 12° p. 27. Steele, Zadock. His Indian Captivity, and an account of the burning of Roy- alton. E. P. Walton, printer, 1818. 12° p. 144. Stone, J. P. A History of Greensboro, and the Congregational Church, 1854. E. P. Walton. 8° p. 40. Swett, Josiah. Sermon at the funeral of Mr. Sarah E. Weston, at West Ran- dolph, Nov. 23, 1851. E. P. Walton & Son. 8° p. 24. Teachem, Mrs. The Infant School Primer. E. P. Walton, printer, [1832.] 12° p. 24. Thomas, Rev. A. C. Analysis and Con- futation of Miller's Theory of the End of the World in 1843. £:ii Ballou, printer, 1843. 8° p. 30. Thompson, Daniel G. A 'First Latin Book, introductory to Ceaser's Commen- taries on the Gallic War. Chicago, 1872. 12° p. 224. Mr. Thompson is a native of Montpelier, son of the late Hon. Daniel P. Thompson, and resides in New York; he published articles on "Intuition and Infer- ence." in tlie Mind, A Quarterly Revieio of Psychology and Philosophy, London, July and October numbers, Thompson, Daniel Pierce. [A partial list of the works by Judge Thompson may be found in this History under Ber- lin, p. 69-72, vol. 4, together with a 320 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. biographical sketch. The works omit- ted in the Berlin article are given here.] — The Adventures of Timothy Peacock, Esquire, or Freemasonry Illustrated. Middlebury, 1835. 12° p. 218. Pub- lished anonymously. — Revised Statutes of Vermont, i vol. 1835- — Address before the Vt. Hist. Society, 1850. Burlington. 8° p. 22. — History of the Town of Montpelier to i860, with Biographical Sketches. E. P. Walton printer. 8° p. 312. Mr. Tliompson's novels contiuue in demand, an edi- tion by Nicliols & Hall, Boston, 1876, in four volumes, contains; vol. 1, " May Martin," " Guardian and Ghost," " Shaker Lovers," " Ethan Allen and the Lost Children," " The Young Sea Captain." Old Soldier's Story," " New Way to Collect a Had Debt," and " Au Indian's Revenge," p. 380. Vol. 2, "Locke Anisden, or the School-master," p. 'Jai. "The Rangers," 2 v. in one. p. 174, 155. "Green Mountain Boys," vol. 4, p 364. — Another edition of the above four vol- umes by the same publishers, i88i. Thompson, George. Address to the Legislature and Citizens of Vermont, at Montpelier, Oct. 22, 1864. Freeman print. 8° p. 18. Thompson, Zadoc. Gazetteer of Vermont. E. P. Walton printer. 1824. 12° p. 312. Thompson, S. New Guide to Health, or Botanic Family Physician. Montpelier, Printed for the publisher, 1851. 12° p. 122. Thoughts on Divine Goodness. Print- ed by Geo. W. Hill. 1828, 12° p. 148. Thresher, Leonard. The Family Phy- sician, etc. Argus and Patriot print. 1871, 8° p. 406. Truair, Rev. John. Sermon at Mont- pelier. Mach7, 1813. Walton&Goss. — The Alarm Tioimpet. Sermon at Berk- shire, Sept. 9, 1813, on the war. Wal- ton & Goss. 8° p. 27. Universalism. Form for Constitution and by-laws for the use of Universalist Churches, etc. Ballou & Burnham's press. 1851, 12° p. 16. — Discussion on Endless Punishment, by Rev. Luther Lee, and Rev. Eli Ballou. Ballou & Loveland printers. 1857, 12° p. 84. Upham, Hon. Willam. Speech in the U. S. Senate, March i, 1847, on the three million Bill. Washington. 8° p. 8. — Speech in the U. S. Senate on the Mex- ican War, Feb. 15. 1848. p. 19. — Speech in the Senate, July 26, 1848, on the Compromise Bill. p. 7. — Report on the Revolutionary Claims, Feb. 9, 1849. — Speech in Senate, July i and 2, 1850, on the Compromise Bill. p. 16. — Obituary Addresses on the death of Mr. Upham, delivered in the Senate and House, January 15, 1853. 8° p. 8. [Vide biographical sketch post.] Upham, William K. Argument for De- fendant in case Nathan Harris vs. Col- umbiana Co. Insurance Company, (Ohio), 1853. p. II. Mr. Upliam was a native of Montpelier, son of Sen- ator Upham, died at Canton. Ohio. Mar. 22, 1865. Wait, Augustine. Speech before the Brotherhood of St. Patrick, Dublin, Ire- land, Nov. 24, 1862. E. P. Walton, printer, p. 20. Walton, Hon. Eliakim P. Speech on the Admission of Kansas, in the House of Representatives, Mar. 3 1, 1858. Wash- ington : 8° p. 15. — Speech on Free Trade and Protective Tariff, in the House of Representatives, Feb. 7, 1859. 8° p. 14. Washington. — Speech in the House on the State of the Union, Feb. 16, 1861. 8° p. 8. — Speech in the House on the Confiscation of Rebel Property. Delivered May 24, 1862. 8° p. 15. Mr. Walton edited and compiled a history of the Vermont Capitol, a book of 300 pages, printed in 1857. He delivered an address on the first Legislature of Vermont, before the Historical Society in 1S78; also an address. "History of Early Printing in Vermont," before the Vt. Publishers' Association, at Benning- ton, August, 1877, which Is printed in the "Centennial Proceedings at Bennington." But the crowning work of Mr. Walton is the editing and publishing of the eight volumes of the Governor and Council, so called. This is a work invaluable to every student of Ver-. mont history, and Its appreciaiion will increase as time passes. [A most satisfactory work— that Ver- mont. Governor and Council— Ed.] Another work of great convenience to all Vernionters, as well as others, is, Walton's Vekmont Register and Al- manac. This work, with which everybody In Ver- mont ought to be familiar, was published at Mont- pelier by the Walton Family, 1818-1867, and since then at Claremont, N. H„ under tue same old familiar title. There is an excellent sketch of Mr. Wallon in my bib- liography of Vt., which I will not mutilate by giving even an abstract in this place. Seepost. I do not speak of Mr. Walton's "History of Montpelier," prepared for Miss Hemenway's Gazetteer, as I have not seen it. It is proper to say a word in this place to prevent confu- sion, as to the same Initials of the two Mr.E.P.Waltons, whose names occur so frequently in the imprints of this list. The father, Ezekiel Parker Walton, con- tinued in the printing business at Montpelier, 1807- 1853; the ehlest son. Eliakim Persons Walton, became a partner with his father in 1833, under the firm name of E. I'. Walton & Son. Later, one or two younger sons of the elder Walton became members of the Arm, which then became E. P. Walton & Sous. Eliakim wrote his name E. P. Walton, Jr., until the death of Ills father in 1855. Waring, Geo. E. Jr. Elements of Agri- culture. S.M.Walton, 1855. i2°p.288. Washington, George. Valedictory Ad- dress. Walton & Goss, printers, 1812. p. 45. Watrous, Miss Sophia. The Gift. Poems. E. P. Walton & Sons, 1841. 12° p. 172. Watts, Isaac. Twelve Sermons, Moral and Divine. Wright & Sibley, 1811. 12° p. 359- iMONTPELIER. 321 — Psalms of David, Hymns and Spiritual Songs. Walton & Goss, 18 14. 18° p. 296, 259. — Logic, or the Right use of Reason. E. P. Walton, printer, 1819. 12° p. 288. Webb, T. S. Freemason's Monitor. Wal- ton & Goss, printers, 1816. 12° p. 312. Webster, Noah. Spelling Book. E. P. Walton & Son, 1839. Another edition, 1844. Wheeler, Rev.S. H. Memorial Sermon on Mrs. Betsey Carpenter, of Waterbury, Nov. 7, 1875. Press of J. & J. M. Po- land. 8° p. 15. Wheelock, Rev. Edwin. Historical Sketch of the Town of Cambridge. Freeman print, 1876. 12° p. 15. Wheelock, Rev. V. G. Revelation and Science Harmonize. A Sermon, i86g. Polands' print. — Growth of the Gospel. A Sermon at Stanbridge, P. Q., 1871. Journal Steam Printing Establishment. 8° p. 12. White, Rev. P. H. Ecclesiastical His- tory of Vermont. An Essay read at Newbury, June 21, 1866. Walton's print. 8° p. 7. — Jonas Galusha. Memoir of, read before the Vt. Hist. Society, 1866. E. P. Walton, printer. 8^ p. 16. Wild, Rev. A. W. Funeral Sermon at Greensboro, July 10, 1864, on the death of E. E. Hartson and Horace Sutham. Freeman print. 8° p. 18. Willard, Hon. Charles W. Speech in the House of Representatives, April 9, 1869, on the Cuban Question. Wash- ington : p. 8. — Cuban Belligerency. Speech in the House, June 15, 1870. Washington: p. 15. — Interstate Commerce. Speech in the House, March 24, 1874. Washington : p. 25. — Civil Service. Speech in the House, April 17, 1872. p. 8. WiLLiAMSTOWN. Methodism in. His- torical Address, Dec. 19, 1880, by Rev. Mr. Bartlett. Messenger print. 12° P- 35- Wing, Joseph A. "Pluck," and Other Poems. Freeman print, 1878. 12° p. 252. Worcester. Record of Births, Mar- riages and Deaths in, Oct. 1813 to June 1858. By S. S. Abbott. E. P. Wal- ton, printer. 18° p. 31. Worcester, Rev. Leonard. Funeral Sermon at Hardwick, Aug. 30, 18 14, on the death of Mrs. Lydia, consort of Samuel French, Esq. Walton & Goss. 8° p. 24. — Sermon at Montpelier, Oct. 15, 1809. Peacham, Vt. Samuel Goss, printer. 8° p. 24. — Appeal to the Conscience of Rev. Sol- omon Aiken. Printed by E. P. Walton. 8° p. 16. Worcester, Rev. Thomas. Serious Reasons against Triune Woi^ship. Wal- ton & Goss, 1812. Wright, Rev. Chester. Federal Com- pendium ; an Arithmetic. Middlebury, 1803. 12° p. 108. — Services at the Ordination of Rev. Mr. Wright at Montpelier, Aug. 19, 1809. Sermon by Rev. Asa Burton, Charge by Rev. Stephen Fuller, of Vershire, and the Right Hand of Fellowship by the Rev. Calvin Noble, of Chelsea. Peach- am: Printed by Samuel (ioss, i8og. 8° p. 24. — Election Sermon, 18 10. Randolph. — Funeral Sermon on the death of Sibyl Brown. Preached Jan. 11, 181 1. Wal- ton & Goss, printers. 8° p. 12. — Sermon before the Vt. Bible Society at Montpelier, Oct. 28, 18 12. Walton & Goss. 8° p. 14. — Funeral Sermon, Dec. 27, 1813, on the death of Mrs. Hannah, wife of Jeduthan Loomis, Esq. Walton & (ioss. — Sermon before the Female Mission So- ciety in Montpelier, i8r6. E.P.Wal- ton, printer, p. 14. — Sermon at Middlebury, Aug. 16, 18 14. Middlebury : 8° p. 16. — Saints Resurrection. Sermon on the death of Geo. S. Walton, at Montpelier, June 10, 18 18. E. P. Walton, printer, 8>. 15. — Address on the Death of Adams and Jefferson, at Montpelier, July 25, 1826. Printed by George W. Hill & Co. 8° p. 19. — The Devil in the Nineteenth Century. Two Discourses at Hardwick, May 6, 1838. E. P. Walton & Son. 8° p. 21. Yale, Calvin. Some Rules for the in- vestigation of Religious Truth. E. P. Walton, 1826. 8° p. 15. — Sermon before the Vt. Colonization So- ciety at Montpelier, Oct. 17, 1827. E. P. Walton. 8° p. 15. Young, Samuel. Oration at Bennington, August 16, 1 8 19. Argus and Patriot print, 1871. p. 4. See Article onVt. Hisl. Society tor additional Mont- pelier imprints, etc. 41 322 VERMONT HISTORICAL MACiAZINE. VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY. BY M. D. OILMAN, LIBUAKIAN. It is deemed appropriate that a brief no- tice of the Historical Society shall be in- cluded in the history of Montpelier, for the reason among many, that its headquarters and library are located in this town. The Society was incorporated by act of the general assembly, approved Nov. 5, 1838, under the name of "The Vermont Historical and Antiquarian Society ;" the persons named in the act are Henry Ste- vens of Barnet, Oramel H. Smith, Daniel P. Thompson and George B. Mansur, of Montpelier. By an act of the general assembly ap- proved Nov. 16, 1859, the name of the Society was changed to "The Vermont Historical Society ;'' and by an act, ap- proved Nov. 21, the same year, room No. 9 in the State Capitol was granted for the uses of the Society for its library and bus- iness purposes ; the Society by permission also uses a large book case in room No. 12. The first meeting of the Society was held at Montpelier, the third Thursday of Oct. 1840, at which the Society was organ- ized, and Henry Stevens elected president and librarian, Geo. B. Mansur and D. P. Thompson, secretaries. At this meeting associate members were elected: Silas H. Jennison, Isaac F. Redfield, D. M. Camp, E. P. Walton, Daniel Baldwin, Geo. W. Benedict, Solomon Stoddard, and Norman Williams. Mr. Stevens continued as president of the Society until about 1858, when he was succeeded by the Hon. Hiland Hall, who was president until Oct. 1866, when, upon his retirement, Rev. Pliny H. White was elected, and held the office until his death, April 24, 1869. Hon. Geo. F. Houghton was elected president Oct. 19, 1869, and held the office until his death, Sept. 22, 1870; Rev. W. H. Lord was elected president in Oct. 1870, and held the offiae until Oct. 1876, when he declined further service ; the pres- ent incumbent, the Hon. E. P. Walton, succeeded the Rev. Dr. Lord. The librarians of the Society have been as follows: Henry Stevens, Esq., 1840- 1858, Hon. Charles Reed, 1858, until his death, March 7, 1873; he was succeeded by Hiram A. Huse, Esq., until Oct. 1874, when the present incumbent, Mr. M. D. Gilman, was elected. Among the most prominent and active workers in behalf of the Historical Society, should be mentioned, Henry Stevens Esq., Hon. Hiland Hall, Hon. Charles Reed, Rev. Pliny H. White, Geo. F. Houghton, Esq., and the Hon. Eliakim P. Walton. The annual meetings of the Society are held at Montpelier, Tuesday preceding the third Wednesday of October. Persons desiring to become members of the Society can do so, on the recommenda- tion of any member, and the payment of |;2.oo for admis.sion, and $1.00 per annum thereafter. The Society at the present time, 1881, is in a flourishing condition ; it has a sys- tem of exchanges and correspondence with all kindred societies in this country and some in England, besides a large cor- respondence and exchange with individuals. The library is estimated to contain from 7000 to 8000 vols, of books, about 500 bound vols, of newspapers, and 12000 to 15000 pamphlets, besides a large quantity of manuscripts, letters, and historical curi- osities. A card catalogue of the bound volumes and newspapers has been completed, and all books received are added to the cata- logue. The Society has portraits in oil of Hon. Hiland Hall, Rev. W. H. Lord and Hon. D. P. Thompson, all presented to the So- ciety, the two latter painted by Montpel- ier's native son, the distinguished artist, Thomas W. Wood, and by him presented to the Society. As is the case with most libraries of the time in our country, that of the Historical Society has outgrown the room set apart for it, and is greatly in need of more space, which we trust will soon be pro- vided in the proposed addition to the State Capitol. The following list of publications by the Vermont Historical Society is thought to be complete : MONTPELIER. 323 * Address by James D. Butler, atMont- pelier, Oct. 16, 1846: "Deficiencies in Our History." 8° p. 36. Montpelier : Eastman & Danforth. * Addresses on the Battle of Benning- ton, and Life of Col. Seth Warner, at Montpelier, Oct. 20, 1848, by James D. Butler and Geo. F. Houghton. Burling- ton : 8° p. 99. Address at Montpelier, Oct. 24, 1850, by Daniel P. Thompson. Burlington: 8° p. 22. * Address, " Life and Service*' of Mat- thew Lyon," Oct. 29, 1858, by Rev. P. H. White. Burlington : 8° p. 26. * Address, "The Marbles of Vermont," Oct. 29, 1858, by A. D. Hager. Burling- ton : 8'" p. 16. Constitution, By-Laws, Act of Incorpo- ration, and catalogue of Officers and Mem- bers of the Society. Woodstock, i860. 8 ' p. 16. * Proceedings of 21st Annual Meeting, and Address by Rev. Joseph Torrey, "His- tory of Lake Champlain," Oct. 16, i860. Burlington : 8° p. 27. Proceedings, Special Meeting at Bur- lington, Jan. 23, 1861. Burlington: 8° p. 7, 8. Proceedings, Annual Meeting at Mont- pelier, Oct. 15 and 16, 1861. St. Albans. 8° p. 17. Proceedings, Special Meeting at Bur- lington, Jan. 22 and 23, 1862. 8° p. 8. St. Albans. Address on Town Centennial Celebra- tions. By Henry Clark, at Burlington, Jan. 22, 1862. 8° p. 8. St. Albans. * Address by Henry B. Dawson on the Battle of Bennington, at Burlington, Jan. 23. 1861. Printed in Hist. Magazine, May, 1870; reprinted in Argus and Pat- riot, Montpelier, June 27, July 4, 11, 1877. * Address, "Early History of Banking in Vermont," by Geo. B. Reed, Oct 14, 1862. 8° p. 28. * Address, "Gov. Philip Skene," by Henry Hall, of Rutland, at Windsor, July 2. 1863. Printed in (Dawson's) Hist. Magazine, vol. il, 2d series, p. 280-83. * Address on Joseph Bowker, by Henry Hall, Special meeting at Windsor, July i. 2, 1863. Printed in (Dawson's) Hist. Magazine, vol. 11, 2d series, p. 351-54. * Address, " Evacuation of Ticonderoga, 1777," at a Special Meeting at Brattle- boro, July 17, 1862, by Henry Hall. Print- ed in (Dawson's) Hist. Magazine, August, 1869. Proceedings at Brattleboro, July 16, 17, and at the Annual Meeting at Montpelier, Oct. 14, 1862. St. Albans. 8° p. 26. * Address, " Secession in Switzerland," by J. W. DePeyster, at Montpelier, Oct. 20, 1863. Catskill: 8° p. 72. * Address, "Life of Hon. Richard Skin- ner," by Winslow C. Watson, at Mont- pelier, Oct. 20, 1863. Albany: 8° p. 30. * Address, "Edward Crafts Hopson," by Henry Clark, Jan. 25, 1865. Special meeting at Rutland. 8° p. 6. * Address, "Charles Linsley," by E. J. Phelps. Special meeting at Brdndon, Jan. 28, 1864. Albany: 8" p. 20. * Address, " Battle of Gettysburgh," by G. G. Benedict. Special meeting at Bran- don, Jan. 26, 1864. Burlington: 8°p24. * Another edition, enlarged, p. 27, and appendix iv. Illustrated. Addresses, on " Solomon Foot," by Geo. F.Edmunds, on "Gov. Galusha," by P. H. White, on "New England Civiliza- tion," by Rev. J. E. Rankin, at Mont- pelier, Oct. 16, 1866. Walton's print. 8° p. 72. * Addre.ss on Theophilus Herrington, by Rev. P. H. White. Special meeting at Rutland, Aug. 20, 1868. 8° p. 6. * Memorial Address on Hon. Jacob Col- lamer, by James Barrett, at Montpelier, Oct. 20, 1868. 8° p. 61. Proceedings, and Addresses at Mont- pelier, Oct. 19, 20, I869. " Capture of Ticonderoga," by Hiland Hall; "Memo- rial on P. H. White," by Henry Clark. Journal print, Montpelier. pp. 15, 32, 16. Proceedings, Oct. and Nov. 1870; con- tains address on Hon. Charles Marsh, by James Barrett. Montpelier, p. xxvii, 54. Proceedings, and Address by L. E. Chittenden, on " Capture of Ticonderoga." At Montpelier, Oct. 8, 1872. Montpelier: Printed for the Society. 8° p. xxi, 127. * Memorial .Sketch of Charles Reed, by 324 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. H. A. Huse, at the Annual Meeting at Montpelier, Oct. 13. 1874. Printed in Daily Journal. Address, " History of the St. Albans Raid," delivered at Montpelier, Oct. 17, 1876, by Hon. E. A. Sowles. St. Albans : S° p. 48, including proceedings of the So- ciety. Collections of the Society, 2 vols. Vol. 1, Montpelier, 1870. 8°p. xix, 507. Vol. 2, Montpelier, 1871. 8° p. xxviii, 530. Proceedings, Oct. 15, 1878, at Mont- pelier, with addresses:' by Rev. M. H. Buckham, on Rev. W. H. Lord, and by Hon. E. P. Walton, on "The First Legis- lature of Vermont." Folands' print. 8° p. xvi, 47. Proceedings, Oct. 19, 1880, at Mont- pelier, with address by Hon.E. A. Sowles, on " Fenianism," ete. Rudand : 8° p. xxviii, \2,) 43. Numerous addresses in addition to those noticed have been delivered before the; So- ciety, the manuscripts of some of which are on file in its archives. The publications marked with a * are out of print, and cannot be furnished by the Society. THE VERMONT STATE LIBRARY. KY HIRAM A. HUSK, STATE LIBRARIAN. Legislation as to a state library began in 1825. The State had about forty years before, it is true, gone into the book bus- iness in rather a curious manner by seizing the library of Charles Phelps, Esq., of Marlboro, an energetic friend of New York rule. This seizure was made in 1782, and Stephen R. Bradley seems to have had charge of the confiscated literature for a time. In 1784 the legislature was provid- ing that the committee for revising the laws (an undertaking begun in 1782 and not completed till 1787) should be paid out of this library. The resolutions of the General Assembly, March 6, 1784, relating to such payment are as follows : Resolved, that Stephen R. Bradley, Esq., be, and is hereby directed to deliver to Nathaniel Chipman andMicah Townsend, Esqrs.. Committee for revising the laws, or either of them, upon the order or appli- cation of them, or either of them, such of the books late the property of Charles Phelps, Esq., as they or either of them may think necessary for them in revising the laws, he taking their receipt for such books to account. And further, Resolved, That all letters from either o f the Committee for revising the laws to the other upon the business of their appoint- ment, be conveyed free of postage. That the accounts of the said Committee, when the business of their appointment shall be completed, shall be adjusted by the Com- mittee of Pay-Table, at the rate of twelve shillings each per day, while they are sever- ally employed in the business, for their time and expences. That the Committee be paid for their services out of the library late the property of said Phelps, at a rea- sonable appraisement, to be made by such persons as shall be appointed by the Legis- lature, to be men acquainted with the val- ue of books, and to be made under oath, at cash price ; unless the Legislature shall see proper to restore said library to said Phelps; or unless said Phelps shall redeem the books so appraised by paying the said Committee such sum. as they shall be ap- praised at. The aforesaid Committee to have their choice of what books they take in payment. Pro^iided the said committee revise the statutes of this State which have not already undergone their examination, by the session of Assembly in October next. And if the said library shall be re- stored to said Phelps, or shall be insuffi- cient for payment, the Legislature will pay the said Committee for such their services, in hard money, or an equivalent. Whatever became finally of the Phelps books their temporary possession did not establish a state library any more than, in the troubled days of the revolution, the possession of that "one negro whench" for whose care Matthew Lyon charged the State, established slavery. The following is the resolution under which the Vermont State Library was formed : In Council, Nov. 17, 1825. Resolved, the general assembly concur- ring herein. That it shall be the duty of the governor and council annually, to ap- point some suitable person, whose duty it shall be to take charge of, and keep in good order, all the books and public docu- ments, deposited in the state-house, in Montpelier ; and that a suitable room in the state-house be placed under the con- trol of such person, for a place of deposit for such books and documents : and such person, in the discharge of his duty, shall MONTPELIER. 325 be governed by such rules and regulations as the governour and council shall, from time to time, prescribe. [Concurred Nov. 17, 1825.] Calvin J. Keith was the first librarian, and was appointed Nov. 17, 1825. He was librarian 4 years, and after his service there were frequent changes in the office for 30-'years. Until 1836 the librarian was appointed by the governor and council ; then till 1848 by the governor ; and from 184S till 1858 by the senate and house of representatives. In 1857 the control of the library was put into the hands of trustees, who appoint a librarian. The trustees organized Nov. 16, 1858, and appointed Charles Reed li- brarian. Mr. Reed died March 7, 1873, and was succeeded by the present libra- rian. The greater part of the books of the li- brary escaped the fire of Jan. 6, 1857, which destroyed the state-house. While the present state-house was building, the masonic hall was used for the lil)rary. A catalogue of the library was printed in 1850, one in 1858, and one in 1872. The library for nearly 30 years depend- ed principally for increase on the receipt of State publications and on e.xchanges. In 1854, an annual appropriation of $200 for the purchase of books was made ; this appropriation was increased to $500 in 1866 and to $800 in 1876. The substan- tial growth of the library and its real use date from the beginning of Mr. Reed's services as librarian. He used the small sums at his command with great good judgment, and made a useful working li- brary of it. The library now contains about 19,000 bound volumes, exclusive of duplicates. It has outgrown the quarters that, when Mr. Reed took charge of it, were more than ample, and is now, though its books overflow into committee rooms, cramped for room. In American law reports it is among the best libraries in the country ; in other departments it is incomplete, but growing in those branches that appear to be of most use. The present officers of the library are : Trustees, ex officio, the governor, the chief justice and the secretary of state ; State, E. J. Phelps, Horace Fairbanks, L. G. Ware ; resident, E. P. Walton, Joseph Poland and Chas. H. Heath; librarian, Hiram A. Huse ; first assistant librarian, Thomas L. Wood. Portraits, <^c. — Among the noticeable things in the library are two portraits be- longing to the Historical Society, the work and gift of Thomas W. Wood, a na- tive of Montpelier, and now one of the first artists of New York city. One is a por- trait of Rev. W. H. Lord and the other of Hon. Daniel P. Thompson. A portrait, by Mr. Wood, of Judge Prentiss is also in the capitol, though the formal presentation to the Historical Society has not yet been made. These portraits are valuable for their artistic as well as their historical mer- it, and in the same class may be mentioned, of the portraits in the executive chamber, thatof Gov. Smith, byThos. LeClear. The portrait of Gov. Paine is a good copy, from a good original by Chester Harding ; and that of (iov. Williams, by B. F. Mason, is a creditable piece of work. The other portraits in the governor's room are no doubt historically valuable. A bust of Gov. Erastus Fairbanks, by J. O. A. Ward, is excellent work, as is one of Judge Elijah Paine by Greenough. There is also a fine bust of Jacob Collamer by Preston Powers. Julian Scott's large painting of the Battle of Cedar Creek is too big for the governor's room, and whatever good work there is in it has no chance to "vindicate" itself. A portrait of Washington hangs over the speaker's chair in the Hall of the House of Representatives. There should also be mentioned the statue of Ethan Allen which stands at the entrance to the capitol. It is of heroic size, is the work of Larkin G. Mead, was completed in 1861, and on the loth of October in that year was "inaugurat- ed," Hon. Fred. E. Woodbridge of Ver- gennes delivering the oration. Two of the field-pieces captured from the Hes- sians at Bennington, are to be seen in the capitol, as well as the battle flags of the Vermont organizations that served in the war of the rebellion. VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. \_Present Artists in Montpelier — J. F. (iilman, crayon portrait painter. Union block; A. N. Blanchaid, Main St., A. C. Harlow, Ellis block. State st., photogra- phers. Mr. H. is just completing for the engraver the copy of an oil portrait of Gen. Parley Davis, for our next No. — Ed.] THE STATE CABINET. BY PHOF. IIIKAM A. CUTTIN(i M. I)., State Geologist and Curator ol'isiati' Caliinet. This is a collection in Natural History provided for by law and kept in the State house. It is intended to show the geolo- gy and natural history of the State. The collection of rock showing the .sections across the State were collected by the geo- logical survey. This was added to by the purchase of the Zadoc Thompson collec- tion of natural history, and by donations and otherwise it has been largely increased. The space alloted for the display of speci- mens is very inadequate, and in conse- quence thousands of them are packed away. There is, however, over 20,000 on exhibition, and those displayed are intend- ed to show the character of the rocks and all the minerals found in the State as well as insects, birds, animals, Indian relics, &c. Many specimens are of great value, and if lost could never be replaced. The collection was first in charge of the geo- logical survey, then in charge of State Geol- ogist Albert D. Hager. who was curator un- til he left the State in 1869. In 1870, Dr. Hiram A. Cutting was appointed as his successor, and still has charge. Since his appointment the collection has more than doubled. The number of visitors ranges from 12 to 25 thousand annually, and it is one of the greatest educational interests of the State. Though intended only to be representa- tive of the natural history of Vermont, there has, by various donations, several hundred of foreign specimens crept in, many of which are on exhibition, and are valuable, as comparatives with similar spec- imens in the State. It is to be hoped that this valuable aid to V'ermont education will ere long have the space granted nec- essary for the full display of its specimens, when it will be truly one of the most valu- able collections in New England. PAPERS FURNISHED BY CHAS. UE F. BANCROFT. NUMBER OF DEATHS IN TOWN YEARLY, From Jan. i, 1%^^, to Oct. i, 1881. 825. 826. 827. 828. 829. 830. 831. 832. 833 834- 835- 836. 837- 838 839- 840. 841. 842. 843- •30 •31 •15 .14 .14 .14 .14 •23 •23 •17 .20 . 22 .20 .24 .28 .46 .58 .41 .41 1844. 1845. 1846. 1847. 1848. 1849. 1850. 1851. 1852. 1853- 1854. 1855. 1856. 1857. 1858. 1859. i860. 1861. 1862. •45 . 22 •32 •36 •23 .41 .28 •35 •35 •31 •25 .30 •35 .29 •25 •34 •25 .29 •.30 1863. I864. 1865. 1866. 1867. 1868. 1869. 1870. 1871 1872. 1873^ 1874. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. 1879. 1880. 1881. ....46 ....31 ....42 ....29 ....25 . ... 39 ....31 ....29 28 . ..66 ....50 ••••55 ••••75 ....56 ....48. .... 40 .. .48 ....66 ....60 a book ■ the old The above was compiled from kept by the late Aaron Bancroft, ' village sexton," containing a record of all the deaths occurring from 1825 to 1857 in the village and the suburbs, (which is about the present limits of the town,) since which time the State law has re- quired the registration of all deaths. But the town records showing that the regis- tration is very imperfect since then to the date of 1 87 1, the files of the newspapers published in town had to be resorted to for those years. Since 1871 I have kept a record of all deaths. I think upon the whole, from my researches and inquiries, that the above is a very accurate state- ment. From 1825 to 1845 a large per- centage of the deaths were children, and the remainder of adults of a middle age of life, acute diseases being the cause of a large percentage of them. From 1845 the record shows a gradual increase of longev- ity, the last fifteen years showing a large percentage as being adults past the middle age of life, some of these years the av- erage age of the deaths in town being about 50 years. In 1880-81 the deaths of children were in an excess, resulting main- ly from diphtheria. The registration of the deaths in town to the year 1823, (when the registration ceased,) is very iinperfect, only from one to five being registered oc- curring in the whole town yearly, and some years none at all. b. MONTI'ELIKR. .327 LONGEVITY OF MONTPKLIER. Persons who Jiave died since 1825. 1878 Phoebe Hazard loi^ [864 Thomas Davis 95^ 1861 Nathan Jewett 95 [847 Aaron Griswold 95 1854 Betsey Watson 94 1874 Phoebe Tuthill 94 [861 Levi Humphey 92 1863 Simeon Dewey 92 r868 Peter Nichols'. .92 [880 Eleanor Needham 92 [ 88 1 Aurelia Rose 92 1847 Mrs. Campbell 91 [863 Jonathan Shepard 91 1864 Mo.ses Cree 91 1877 Naomi Dodge 91 [877 John Gray 91 [839 Mrs. Edwards 90 1863 Francis Gangau 90 r 866 Samuel Goss 90 [871 Hetty Houghton 90 [876 Mary M. Vail 90 1 880 Luther Poland 90 [842 Mary Cadwell 89 [860 Rev. Zadoc Hubbard 89 [864 Aichen Butterfly 89 1 865 Hannah Marsh 89 [ 88 1 Daniel Baldwin 89 1872 Aaron Bancroft 88 [842 Luther King 88 [866 Nathaniel Proctor 88 [868 Mary Taylor 88 [ 875 Dyer Loomis 88 [875 Sally Grant 88 [ 875 Silas Barrows 88 [876 Lucy L. Loomis 88 [879 Thomas Gannon 88 [835 John Taplin 87 [854 Amos Strong 87 [865 Lucy A. Ripley 87 [867 Rufus Campbell 87 [872 Thomas Needham 87 1877 Mitchell St. John 87 [880 Julia A. Clark 87 [881 Dorothy Home 87 [ 839 Esther Hatch 86 [846 John Melon 86 [846 Sarah Philbrook 86 [852 Elijah Nye 86 [853 Dexter May 86 [857 Patty Reed 86 [S63 Mary Leonard. 86 1869 Sarah T. Hayward 86 [875 Anna Pitkin 86 [875 Anna Waugh '. 86 1877 Mrs. Luther Howe 86 IS78 Pru.ssia Walton 86 1879 Luman Rublee 86 [ 880 Susan Loomis Brown 86 [839 Arthur Daggett 85 [840 Mrs. Bancroft 85 [849 Mrs. Wesijohn 85 1 844 Dolly Harran 85 1847 Samuel LIpham 85 1850 Darius Boyden 85 1853 Capt. Eben Morse 85 1855 Mrs. Emerson 85 1862 Mrs. Wilson 85 1864 Rhoda Brooks 85 1866 Phoebe Gallison 85 1872 Lucy Guernsey 85 1876 Betsey Waugh 85 1878 William Bennett 85 1826 Mrs. Cross 84 1849 ^^•'■''- Lydia Taplin 84 1849 Betsey Wright 84 1853 Lydia Lamb 84 1856 Col. Asahel Washburn 84 1862 John Gallison 84 1866 William Kinson 84 1869 Mary H. French 84 1871 Patty Howes 84 1871 .Sarah Phinney 84 1874 Rawsel R. Keith 84 1874 Deborah Washburn 84 1876 Zenas Wood 84 1879 Anna Stoddard 84 1879 Lyman G. Camp 84 1849 Ebenezer Frizzle 83 185 1 Jacob Davis 83 1854 Rebecca Davis 83 1854 ZionCopeland 83 1856 Hannah Dana 83 1859 Joseph Reed 83 1864 Thomas Clark, 83 1864 Jane Law.son '^7, 1864 B. Frank Markham 83 1865 David Gray ^-^ 1865 Polly Mitchell 83 1867 Isaac Wilson S3 1869 Edmund H. Langdon 83 1870 Joseph Rowell 83 1872 John Wood 83 1872 Content Skinner 83 1875 t'olly White 83 1875 Mary Wood 83 1850 Mrs. Eben Mor.se 82 1858 Mrs. Holden 82 1859 Jared Dodge 82 1865 Anna F. Bancroft 82 1868 Dr. Aaron Smith 82 1874 Michael Malony 82 1875 I'olly Kimball 82 1875 Elizabeth (Jones) Caryl 82 1876 John Home 82 1880 Edward L. Taplin 82 1881 Oramel H. Smith 82 1823 Rebecca Davis 81 1828 John Tuthill 81 1846 Eliakim D. Persons 81 1870 John Palmer 81 1873 Nathaniel Abbott 8r 1874 Sally Spaulding 81 1879 Margaret Stimson 81 i88o Daniel Cameron. . . , 81 1881 Cynthia Hill 81 328 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. [H72 1839 [842 [844 [849 1859 t863 1863 [863 1869 [870 [871 '874 [875 1875 1876 1S77 1S7S [880 [881 t843 [846 [856 t859 t859 t859 [860 1 861 t862 [863 (869 [871 [872 r874 [875 .845 1843 r847 [846 [856 [867 1872 [872 1872 [877 [878 1879 1880 1828 1840 1840 [843 1847 [849 1852 [852 '?59 1864 [866 1867 [868 Joseph Somerby 80 Timothy Hatch 80 Mrs. Doty 80 Hannah Paine 80 Cyrus Ware 80 Araunah Waterman 80 Silas Jones 80 Joseph Howes So Mrs. Yatter 80 Peter Rose 80 John Spalding 80 Bridget Brodie 80 Hannah Ferrin 80 William Bills 80 Anna Smith 80 Jane Hutchinson 80 Betsey Young 80 Dr. Buckley O. Tyler 80 William Paul 80 Horace .Spencer 80 David Parsons 79 Lemuel Brooks 79 William Noyes 79 Sarah Wilder 79 Nancy Town 79 Mary Lewis 79 Benjamin Staples 79 Mandy Mclntyre 79 Abigail Dewey 79 Silas C. French 79 John G. Clark 79 Hugh Rourk 79 Jacob Mclntyre 79 Isaac Lavigne 79 Daniel Wilson 79 Rev. Elisha Brown 79 Mrs. Levey 78 Mrs. Hassam 78 Lucretia Parsons 78 Silas Burbank 78 Mrs. Phoebe Mann 78 Mason Johnson 78 Thomas Dodge y't^ Mary Prime 78 Polly Coffey 78 Sherman Hubbard 78 William W. Cadwell 78 Margaret Fitzgibbons, 78 Helen Crane 78 Polly Dudley 78 Mrs. (^ale 77 Mrs. Lawson 77 Jesse Cole 77 John Walton 77 Mrs. Cole 77 Dolly Wa.shburn 77 Polly Davis 77 Betsey Cummings 77 Welcome Cole 77 Mary Goss 77 Polly Warren 77 John Carroll 77 Sally Richardson 77 Persis B. Davis 77 1870 Esther French 77 187 1 Henry Y. Barnes 77 1873 Dr. Aaron Denio 77 1874 Susan Rowell 77 1875 Thomas Donahue 77 1875 Dr. James Templeton 77 1878 Mrs. Daniel Cameron 77 1879 Orin* Pitkin 77 1880 Caroline Barnes 77 1827 Hannah Carr 76 1863 Nabby Smith 76 1864 Sarah Wilder 76 1873 Barnabas H. Snow 76 1874 Clarissa Kellogg 76 1875 James Boyden 76 1876 Sarah Jones 76 1877 Dr. Julius Y. Dewey 76 1878 Alpheus Flanders 76 1880 Fanny Peck , 76 1881 Zebina C. Camp 76 1881 Mary Jacobs 76 188 1 Dorothy Walling 76 1827 Samuel Campbell 75 1840 Lois P. Lawson 75 1845 Mrs. Packard 75 1848 Roger Hubbard 75 1849 Betsey Cadwell 75 1850 Mrs. Lawton 75 1855 Mrs. Jacob F. Dodge 75 1856 Thomas Hazard 75 1857 Betsey H. Vail : 75 1857 Hon. Samuel Prentiss 7$ 1865 Sylvanus Ripley 75 1869 Margaret Moorcroft 75 1869 Nehemiah Harvey 75 1869 Dr. Reuben W. Hill 75 187 1 Sally Taplin 75 1872 Anna Hubbard 75 1873 Nathan Dodge 75 1840 Polly Barton 74 1842 Mrs. Wheelock 74 1845 Mrs. John Walton 74 1845 Dr. Edward Lamb 74 1847 I.saac Freeman 74 1849 Mrs. Matthew 74 1851 Mrs. Kendall 74 i860 Francis Smith 74 1861 Susan Abbott 74 1864 Antoine Rivers 74 1865 Richard Paine 74 1865 Isaiah Silver 74 1865 Ruth C. Moulton 74 1866 Thayer Townshend 74 1866 Hubbard Guernsey 74 1868 Daniel P. Thompson 74 1868 Frederick Marsh 74 1874 Dr. Charles Clark 74 1879 Mrs. John Girard 74 1881 Jesse Hutchinson 74 1826 Mrs. Nye 73 1S35 Mrs. Eliakim D. Persons 73 1864 Isaac Putnam 73 1838 Mrs. Elijah Nye 73 1862 Jane Hathaway 73 MONTPELIER. 329 1864 Abby Langdon 73 1868 Philomila Flint t^ 1872 Hannah Patterson -j-i, 1873 Phoebe Redway 73 1876 Mrs. Orange Fifield ']}, 1875 Richard Dillon -ji 1876 Mary M. Davis -]■}, 187S Orlena Hoyt .' -jt, 1836 Charles Bulkley 72 1837 Mrs. Holmes 72 1838 Mrs. Timothy Hatcl; 72 1837 Thomas Reed, Sr 72 1840 Lucy Trowbridge 72 1849 Sally Shepard 72 1858 Ann Wheaton 72 1864 Dr. Thomas C. Taplin 72 1870 William Moorcroft 72 1870 Stukely Angell 72 187 1 Jeremiah Davis 72 1872 Constant W. Storrs 72 1872 Benjamin Brown 72 1873 Timothy Cross 72 1874 Col. Levi Boutwell 72 1879 Betsey Cadwell 72 1826 Mrs. Dodge 71 1838 Mrs. Partridge 71 1842 Mrs. De.xter May 71 1849 Mrs. Anna Cutler 71 i860 Samuel Forbes 71 1864 Calvin Warren 71 1864 Thomas Reed 71 1867 Dr. Charles B. Chandler 71 1878 Peter G. Smitli ._. 71 1880 Anson Davis 71 188 1 Mary Sargent 71 1839 M''^- <^oIlins 70 1839 •M'"'^- Burrell 70 1841 Ebenezer Lewis 70 1854 B. B. Dimmick 70 1854 Joshua Y. Vail 70 1854 Sophia B. Loomis 70 1854 Mrs. Peck 70 1854 Lucretia Prentiss 70 1854 James Taylor 70 1861 Samuel Abbott ,. . . .70 1861 William P. Briggs 70 1863 David Fitzgibbons 70 1863 Anna O'Brien 70 1865 Valentine Willey 70 187 1 William B. Hubbard 70 1872 Nancy Johnson 70 1873 Luther Cross 'jo 1873 Daniel Willey 70 1875 Margaret Cooper 70 1875 Mary Gannon 70 1876 Allen Gallison 70 1879 Mary Donahue 70 1880 Mary Fenton 70 1873 Mrs. Daniel Baldwin 'j-j Note. — In the preceding list are includ- ed the names of a few who for many years were residents of this town, but died while temporarily residing in some other place. B. 42 PERSONS RESIDING IN TOWN, OCT. 1 5, 1 88 1, IN THEIR 70TH YEAR AND OVER. Dr. Nathaniel C. King 92 Lucy Mead 92 Martha Rivers 91 Joshua Bliss 88 Lydia M. Warren 88 John Murphy 86 Enos Stimson 86 Patrick Brodie 86 Lucia Clark 86 Joseph Wood 85 Mary Gunnison 84 Prudence Camp 84 Rebecca Sweet 84 Josephine Lavigne 84 Betsey Haskins 84 Clark Fisk 84 Polly Cross 84 Francis Labouchire 84 Elvira Shafter 83 Lucinda Stevens 83 Andrew A. Sweet 83 Appleton Fitch 83 Peter Crapeau 83 Polly M. Chadwick 82 Loraine Riker 82 Wooster Sprague 82 Duran Stowell 82 William Kelly 82 Joseph Felix 82 Eben Gunnison 81 Roxa Gould 80 Orin Cummins 80 Horatio N. Taplin 80 Elisha P. Jewett 80 James McLaughlin 80 Abby S. Dodge 79 Nelson A. Chase 79 Sarah R. Cleaves 79 Patrick Corry 79 Clarissa Silloway 79 Orange Hfield 78 Dorothy Harran 78 Lucy Snow 78 Miranda C. Storrs 78 Eliza Boutwell ij Susan R. Aiken -j-j Stephen Bennett -ji Clarissa Chase 76 Margaret Crapo 76 Randall Darling 76 Geo. S. Hubbard 76 Eliza Hubbard 76 Dorcas Maxham 76 Nancy Sprague 76 John F. Stone 76 Henry W. Sabin 76 Kendall T. Davis 76 Snow Town 75 Mary Tuttle 75 Henry Nutt 75 Eben Scribner 75 John Slattery 75 Patrick McManus 75 330 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Julius H. Bostwick 75 Maria L. W. Reed 74 Harriet L. Taplin 74 Jacob Smith 74 Emerson Demeritt 74 Michael Savage 74 Elizabeth Alain 74 Hopy Hartwell 74 Mary L. Nutt 74 Louisa Seymour 74 Joseph L. Scoville 74 Olive Fisk 73 Sydney P. Redfield IZ Rufus R. Riker 73 Nancy George T}, Sarah H. Nelson 73 John O. A. Peck 73 Ira S. Town 11 John Demerritt 72 Charles H . Severance 72 Moses Yatter 72 Susan E. Pitkin 72 Lydia P. Stone 72 George W. Scott 72 Samuel Town 72 Judith Town 72 Hannah Dana .71 Lucinda C. Bowen 71 Samuel Dodge 71 Eliza Hougliton 71 Emeline Lewis 7 1 Jane Meadowcroft 71 Nancy M. Paul 71 Isaac Seymour 71 Marble Russell 71 Susan Flanders 70 Clortina Guernsey 7° Homer W. Heaton 7° Amira Demeritt 7° Ezra F. Kimball 70 Joseph Paro 7° Julia Rivers 7° Mary Smith 70 Joseph Alain 7° Sophronia Guernsey 70 Peter Cayhue 7° Mary CoiTey 7° John Flynn 7° Ezekiel Kent 70 Wm. N. Peck 70 Mary D. Storrs 70 Maria Scoville 7° Mary Town To Joseph A. Wing 70 Erastus Hubbard 7° Edna Robinson 70 Samuel S. Kelton 6g Margaret Bancroft 69 Major S. Goodwin 69 Charles H. Cross 69 Caroline M . Cross 69 Eliakim P. Walton 69 Erastus Camp 69 Solon J. Y. Vail 69 B. ACCIDENTS. Four persons have been killed in town by the falling of trees. Previous to i8oo, in the east part of the town a little girl, a step-daughter of Benjamin Nash, was ap- proaching "her father, who was cutting down a tree in the border of the woods near the house, when the tree fell in the direction in which she was making her way, and killed her. The second was a young man named Chamberlain, who was killed by the falling of a tree in a central part of the town in the year 1801. And another by the name of Robinson, during that or the following year, was killed by the falling of a tree in the north part of the town. And yet another, an idiotic man, by the name of Charles Davis, was killed by a tree of his own falling, by un- dertaking to get out of danger by running in the same direction in which the tree had started to fall. At a later period, a stranger was drowned while attempting to wade through the river near Montpelier, having mistaken the place of fording. In 1824, Theron Lamphere was drowned in the mill-pond, while attempting to swim over. About 1822, Thomas, Jr., son of Thos. Davis, was accidently shot. In 1828, a man by the name of Mead, from Middlesex, was killed by the falling of the earth from the excavated bank in the rear of the house of W. W. Cadwell. In the store of Erastus Hubbard, Oct. 12, 1848, election day, Mr. Hubbard, or his clerk, was weighing out a parcel of powder to some one of the crowd in the store- room and around the door. Powder had doubtless been scattered on the floor, in filling the can from which it was being poured into the scales ; and one or more persons were smoking cigars in the room, when suddenly a terrific explosion follow- ed. Azro Bancroft and a Mr. Sanborn were so burned that they did not survive, and one or two others were sadly maimed. Mr. Hubbard's life, in consequence of the burns received, was for months despaired of. He finally recovered, but wearing for life marks of the accident. The second MONTPELIER. 331 floor of the building was lifted by the ex- plosion about half a foot, and the store set on fire, but the flames were soon ex- tinguished with little additional damage. Two fatal accidents from gunpowder oc- curred in blasting out the rock for the foundation of the second State House. Elisha Hutchinson, of Worcester, was struck down dead near the Insurance of- fice, by a stone thrown by a blast on the ledge about 30 rods ; and John W. Culver, a mechanic of Montpelier, was the same season struck at the distance of 20 rods and killed, by a wooden roller placed over the mine to prevent the stones from flying ; while a young man by the name of Tucker, from Calais, one of the workmen on the State House foundation, was so injured by one of the blasts that he lost his eyesight and his prospects were ruined, for life. In August, 1859, a promising son of Charles Lyman, aged about 12 years, was drowned at the mouth of Dog river, while bathing. In the spring of 1858, the body of a Mr. Williams, of Middlesex, an insane person, was found in the flume of Langdon's mill. About the same period a man, not a resi- dent of this town, drowned himself by forcing his way through a hole in the ice in the North Branch, a mile or two above the village. Aug. 9, 1863, Carlos J., aged 1 1 years, son of Carlos Bancroft, was drowned, while bathing near the sand-bottom bridge. Jan. 14, 1864, Henry Crane, of this town, at one time High Sheriff" of the County, was killed by the cars in New London, Canada. 1864, a daughter of Alexander Noble, of 10 years, was drowned in the Worcester Branch mill-pond. She was gathering flood-wood. Apr. ID, 1865, a soldier named Cushman was maimed for life by the premature dis- charge of a cannon while firing a salute over the recent victories, he subsequently dying of the injuries in Boston. April 3, 1867, Peter Lemoine, aged 21, a blacksmith, was killed by the premature discharge of a cannon while firing a .salute over an election, and Alexander Jangraw was maimed for life. Aug. 3, 1867, John McGinn, aged 68, a stone mason, was thrown from his wagon when opposite the Bethany church, by his runaway horse, and instantly killed. In Apr. 1870, Alexander Noble, of this town, while assisting in getting out a jamb of logs in the Connecticut river, was drowned. May 16, 1871, Chas. Braley, aged about 18 years, while out hunting, accidentally ignited some powder which he carried loosely in his pocket, causing an explo- sion, which proved fatal a day or two after. Oct. I, 1872, John Braley, aged 21, a brother of the above, night watchman in the Centra] Vermont depot, was instantly killed while coupling cars in the depot. Aug. 3, 1872, Truman Best, a merchant in town, was drowned while out pleasure riding in a boat on the Langdon mill-pond. In trying to assist a party in another boat to recover an oar which they had lost, both boats were carried over the dam. The two boats contained five men, -three of whom swam safely to the' shore, but one of them, Fred W. Bancroft, was rescued in a very exhausted condition, while pas- ing underneath the Central railroad bridge, with ropes, while clinging to a boat. Mr. Best is supposed to have struck his head upon the rocks below the dam as he came over, and was made insensible. His body was not found for some days afterwards, the river being very much swollen at the time when it was found, about two miles below down the river. June 24, 1873, Johnnie, aged 10 years, son of Patrick Kane, was drowned while in bathing, at the mouth of the Worcester Branch. Mar. 4, 1874, Michael McMahon, an aged section man, was killed by cars, being caught by the side of the cars, while in motion, and the end of the depot. May 25, 1874, Alfred Goodnough, aged 50, a farmer, while driving across the rail- road track near Sabin's, was run into by a car, and received injuries which proved 332 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. fatal, he dying two days after at Mr. Sabin's house. 1874, a little daughter of John O'Grady fell from the road opposite the machine- shop into the river, and was drowned. July 22, 1875, Bessie, aged 5 years, a dau. of Rev. W. H. Lord, was thrown from the wagon by a runawa)- horse, while descending the hill road leading down from Gould hill to Wrightsville, and re- ceived injuries which proved fatal in a tew hours . June 24, 1S76, Erastus Lamphear, aged 49, a carpenter and joiner, was blown from the roof of a barn which he was raising, and severely injured. He was carried to his residence, and died the following day. Sept. 23, 1876, Charles W. Bailey, one of Montpelier's most worthy citizens and business men, was killed by the cars at Essex Junction. Sept. 26, 1876, by a collision of two passenger trains on the Montpelier and Wells River railroad, near the residence of W. E. Hubbard, Benjamin F. Merrill, en- gineer of one of the engines, lost a leg, and several other train men being more or less injured. In June, 1877, Henry L. Hart, a young man, aged 23, started on a pleasure trip down the Winooski in a row boat, and was last seen near the mouth of the river at Burlington a few days afterwards. His hat and a few contents of the boat were picked up, but of his fate nothing was ever learned. Aug. I, 1879, Aaron M. Burnham, arch- itect and builder, of this town, was fatally injured while superintending the erection of a church at Lebanon, N. H., death en- suing two days after. Sept. I, 1879, Johnnie H., of 5 years, son of J. W. F. Washburn, while play- ing on the bank of the river near the eddy, fell in and was drowned. July 23, 1880, while firing a salute in front of the State Arsenal grounds, Wm. Henry Willey and Clark B. Roberts, by the premature discharge of the cannon, were severely injured, each losing an arm. Willey was an old soldier, and Roberts a young man. Sept. II, 1880, James M. Wade, aged 19, a brakeman on the Montpelier and Wells River railroad, was thrown from the train near the State Fairgrounds, was run over, and received injuries which proved fatal about a week after. Oct. 12, iSSi, Peter Marcott, Jr. , aged 29 years, a teamster, was instantly killed on East Mechanic street, his neck being broken, caused either by being thrown from his wagon seat, and striking upon his head as one of the wheels dropped into a deep rut in the road, or by being struck upon the head by the wagon body, the horses starting up suddenly as he was about to get upon the seat. SUICIDES. In I So I, the wife of John Cutler de- stroved herself by hanging, and a few years later. Miss Nancy Waugh dro\vned herself. June 10, 1861, Henry Boyden, aged yj , living just across the river on the Berlin side, hung himself. July 30, 1865, George V. Rose, aged 26, a U. S. recruiting officer stationed here, shot himself. Sept. 3, 1867, J. Fred Cross, aged 27, proprietor of the American House, shot him.self. Nov. 27, 1867, John S. CoUins, aged 30, died very suddenly, and is supposed to have taken poison purposely. Jan. 17, 1870, William Monsier, aged 42, destroyed his life by drinking muriatic acid. After lingering three days, he died a most horrible death. Sept. 187 1, Isaac Scribner, aged 66, hung himself. Aug. 29, 1873, Albert N. Daniels shot himself, after attempting to take the life of another by shooting. Oct. 25, Rawsel R. Keith, aged 84, who had been a long suiferer from kidney disease, ended his sufferings by taking a dose of laudanum. Apr. 14, 1875, Mary Clancy hung her- self, insanity supposed to be the cause from religious excitement. Aug. 8, 1875, Daniel K. Bennett, a gun- smith, shot himself in a moment of insan- ity. AIONTPELIER. 333 Apr. 6, 1876, William J. Rogers, aged 30, a traveling agent, by taking poison. June 6, 1876, Mrs. Mary Churchill, aged 32, being deranged for some months, took her life by hanging herself. June 19, 1877, Harvey W. Cilley, aged 34, hung himself. Tune 30, 1881. Jesse Hutchinson, aged 74, by taking poison. In 1840, an Irishman was killed in a fight with one of his countrymen, near the old Arch Bridge, and the homicide was tried and sent to the State Prison, but in a few years pardoned. April 25, 1867, Patrick Fitzgibbons was killed on State street. He was intoxicated, and quarreled with three traveling agents in the Village Hall, where they were at- tending a dance. The agents leaving the hall, Fitzgibbons followed, accompanied by a companion, his brother-in-law. An officer, anticipating trouble, followed them. When passing through the alley-way, he came upon Fitzgibbons, who was in a sit- ting position in a chair, which he carried from the hall, dead, having been stabbed through the heart. All were arrested and acquitted, it always remaining a mystery whether he was killed by one of the agents, or by his brother-in-law through a mis- take, the night being very dark. Oct. 1864, Patrick Branigan, who had just returned home from three years' ser- vice in the war as a member ot the ist Vt. Battery, very mysteriouely disappeared. He was last heard of late at night, return- ing home in an intoxicated condition, sing- ing on his way. When nearly to his house, which was opposite the Washing- ton Colinty jail, his voice suddenly ceased. His not putting in an appearance the fol- lowing day, foul play was suspected, as he had quite a large sum of money on his person. The river which passes in tlie rear of the house was very high at the time. Thinking that his body might be found in the river, it was dragged as soon as possible, but was not found, and his fate yet remains a mystery. Aug. 29, 1873, Albert N. Daniels, an employee of the Montpelier Manufacturing Company, attempted to take the life of a young lady, an employee of the same works, with whom he was keeping com- pany. He fired two shots at her with a revolver, only one taking effect, and that not proving fatal. After shooting two shots at her, he shot himself through the heart, instantly expiring. The act was committed during the working hours in the room in which the lady was employed. On Sept. 27, 18S0, Joseph Dumas, of Northfield, who formerly resided at Mont- pelier, came to the latter place, and was last seen on the street that evening. A week later his body was found in the Branch, just below the Academy bridge, with several cuts upon the liead. Parties last seen with him were strongly suspected of foul play, but sufficient evidence could not be obtained to warrant their arrest. The number of disastrous fires which had occurred in town previous to i860 are small. The first one, it is believed, was in 1801, when the first frame school house, standing near the west end of the old bury- ing ground on the Branch, accidently caught fire and was consumed. In Dec, i'Si3, a fire occurred which re- sulted in the entire destruction of the large two-story cotton-mill, that had been for some time in .successful operation at the river falls, not far from the site now occu- pied by E. W. Bailey's grist mill. August, 1813, barn of J. B. Wheeler, Esq., with most of his crop of new hay, was struck by lightning. In 1815, the dwelling house of Seth Par- sons was burned, at a loss of $1,500. Winter of 18 16, a school-house on East hill, while the school was being kept by Shubael Wheeler. December, 18 18, a paper mill and cloth- ing works occupying the old site of the cotton factory, was burned, with a loss of about $4,000. About 1820, dwelling-house of Abijah Howard. In 1822, the blacksmith shop of Joseph Howes was burned, and the same vear the 334 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. old Academy building was totally con- sumed by fire. 1824, two-story house of the late Hon. David Wing, Jr. In March, 1826, occurred, considering the loss of life and personal injuries, the most calamitous fire, perhaps, ever expe- rienced in town up to that time. The wool- en factory and grist mill, on the falls of the North Branch, owned by Araunah Waterman and Seth Parsons, caught fire about daybreak, and was totally consumed, causing a loss of many thousand dollars to the i^roprietors. While the fire, which, when discovered, had gained too much headway to leave much hope of saving the factory, was raging in one part of the lower story, Mr. Waterman, Mr. Joel Mead, and Robert Patterson, a leading workman in the es- tablishment, made their way to the upper story, and fell to work to gather up and throw from one of the windows what cloths and stock they supposed they might have time to save. But the fire below spread with such unexpected rapidity, that before they were aware of any danger, the fire burst into the room, cutting off their re- treat downward by the stairs, and even preventing access to the windows the least elevated from irregular ground be- neath. At this crisis Mr. Waterman, closely followed by Mr. Mead, made a des- perate rush through tlie smoke and flame for a window in the end of the building next the Branch, stove out the sasli with the heel of his boot, and threw himself half suffocated through the aperture to the rough and frozen ground or ice some 30 feet below. Mr. Mead followed in the perilous leap, and they were both taken up nearly senseless from the shock, terribly bruised and considerably burned in the face and hands. But none of their bones were broken, and they both in a few weeks recovered. Nothing more was seen of the fated Patterson except his charred skel- eton, which was found in the ruins after the fire subsided. For some reason he had decided not to follow Mr. Waterman and Mr. Mead in the only way of escape then left open to them, and the next min- ute probably perished in the smoke and fire which must then suddenly have en- veloped him. May, 1827, a two-story wooden build- ing, standing on the site of the present Argus building, and then owned and oc- cupied by Wiggins & Seeley as a store, was burned, causing a loss of probably not over $2,000. April, 1828, a paper mill owned by Goss & Reed, of Montpelier, situated at the falls on the Berlin side of the river, was burned ; loss about $4,000. 1834, the oil mill and saw mill, in the former of which was W. Sprague's machine shop, standing also on the Berlin side of the river, but mostly owned and worked by Montpelier men, were both wholly burned. Feb. 1835, the first Union House, built by Col. Davis about45 years before, caught fire about midday, and was entirely con- sumed ; loss about $3,000. 1842, the dwelling-house of p. H.Smith, Esq., caught fire, and the roof part of the building was destroyed. 1843, the new brick Court House, stand- ing near the present one, was burned, but the records and files were mostly saved. 1848, school-house in the Wheeler dis- trict. 1849, barn of John Gallison, with hay, five horses and colts. 1849, dwelling-house, barn and sheds of Charles Burnham. 1853, the dwelling-house of Harry Rich- ardson, near the Union House, was wholly destroyed by fire. 1854, the building of Ira Town, occu- pied by him as a goldsmith's shop, stand- ing on the present site of A. A. Mead's shop, was burned in part, and the adjoin- ing building of the Patriot office consider- ably injured. 1854, also, the roof part of the upper story of Walton's book-store was destroy- ed by fire, and but for the timely striking of a shower on the excessively dry roofs, that whole block of wooden buildings would probably have been destroyed. 1854, was burned a two-story house standing back of the old Masonic Hall. *« v..-'*»C-^'" I 1! ' I. J 'A'.KNVAt'?/ r*.r MONTPELIER. 335 1854, dwelling-house of Orrin Slayton. 1854, three barns of Orlando F. Lewis. Within the year 1857, two small houses were burned near the brick-yard, and one near Keith's lodge. 1858, school-house in Henry Nutt's school district. 1858, a new one-story house of Mr. Cook- son, on the road leading from the cooper's shop north, through the great pasture, was burned ; and in the beginning of the next year, another building erected by the same man, on the same spot, was also burned down. December, 1859, the large three-story brick and wood, second Union House, val- ued about $5,000, was destroyed by fife. We make the whole to i860, but 24; and the property destroyed, except the .State House, which was public property, to come within $50,000. Was ever a village of the size, in this respect, more favored? i860, the old Harran house, on Upper Elm street, burned. 1861, a house occupied by Thos. Arm- strong, in rear of the Burnham hotel. 1862. the store of William W. Cadwell, on Main street, was consumed. Jan. 1863, Mrs. Chas. G. Eastman's house, on Main sti'eet, was partially con- .sumed. In the spring of 1864, the present Union House was nearly destroyed. Mar. 24, 1868, dry house of Lane Man- ufacturing Company consumed. Sept. 2, 1868, R. H. Whittier's slaugh- ter house, up the "Branch," consumed. Jan. 29, 1870, L S. Town & C. W. Storrs' block, on State street, partly con- sumed. Apr. 26, 1870, Daniel P. Thompson's residence, on Barre street, consumed. Dec. 29, 1870, the Vt. Mutual Fire In- surance Co's. new building badly damaged. Jan. 26, William Moorcroft's Woolen Factory, at Wrightsville, consumed. Sept. 18, 1871, Grovner B. Paine's house, on North street, consumed. 1872, Lane Manufacturing. Company's second dry house consumed. Dec. 5, 1872, Chas. Reed's residence, on State street, badly damaged. May, 1873, Stephen Cochran's resi- dence, on Seminary Hill, consumed. Mar. 12, 1875, the first great fire; May I, the second. Feb. 28, 1875, Andrew Burnham's house, on Court street, considerably damaged. Apr. 22, 1875, W. A. Boutelle's black- smith shop, on Elm street, consumed. May, 1875, a house belonging to Bart Scribner, up the " Branch." Dec. 27, 1875, one of the Pioneer Man- ufacturing shops burned. Feb. 1876, Alonzo Redway's residence, on Court street ; loss $5,000. Aug. 9, T. O. Bailey's barns, on Mid- dlesex street ; loss $1,200. Aug. 21, Wm. E. Hubbard's barn, on Barre street ; loss $600. Nov. 13, E. D. Grey's paint shop, on Main street ; loss $800. In 1877 no fire occurred, and also in 1874. Aug. 26, 1878, Louis Barney's barn, on North street, consumed. January 3, 1878, a destructive fire at Wrightsville — A. A. Green's residence and blacksmith shop and Ezra D. Rawlins' residence. Oct. II, a barn on Gould Hill, belong- ing to Henry Cummins. Dec. 30, the school-house near Henry Nutt's place. Apr. 23, 1879, a barn belonging to A. D. Bancroft, on North street. June 20, Geo. Jacob's barn, on Main street, consumed ; loss $600. June 21, a house belonging to Medad Wright, up the " Branch," consumed. Sept. 2, 1880, a storehouse belonging to C.H. Heath, on Barre street, consumed. Oct. 3, 1880, W. E. Dunwoodie's res- idence, on Upper Main street, consumed ; loss $1,500. Jan. 8, 1 88 1, C. W. Willard's residence, on State street, badly damaged. Jan. 17, one of the Cab Shop buildings burned, on the Berlin side. Apr. II, a barn belonging to J. R. Langdon, on Barre street, consumed. Aug. 4, 1 88 1, a new slaughter house on upper North street, owned by W. L. Le- land, was consumed. 336 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. In the year of 1875, MontpeJier was visited by two veiy destructive fires, in- volving the loss of many thousand dollars. The first of these fires broke out about one o'clock in the morning of March 12, in a one and one-half story wooden building on Main street, owned by Thomas W.Wood, and occupied Ijy Joseph D. Clogston as a tin shop. This was consumed, and the two adjoining ones on the east side, the first owned by Carlos Bancroft, a story and a half wooden building, occupied by Peck & Cummins, leather dealers, was also con.sumed ; and the second, a two and a half story wooden building, owned by James R. Langdon, and occupied by Barrows & Peck, hardware and stoves, was partly consumed. This fire was hardly under control when fire was discovered breaking out through the roof of Ira S. Town's three-story — and the C. W. Storrs' estate — wooden building, on State street. This was consumed, and the three-story brick block on the south sfde, owned by Timothy J. Hubbard, the adjoining build- ings on the north side, the first a new, three-story brick block, owned by Erastus Hubbard ; the second, a large, three-story wooden building, owned by Fred E. Smith, and the Rialto, owned by W. A. Boutelle and Eli Ballou, were ne.xt consumed, and Eli Ballou's three-story wooden building was partly burned before the flames were stayed. In the rear of these was a story and a half wooden building, owned by T. J. Hubbard, and used as a tenement and storehouse, which was also burned. Aid was summoned from Barre, which was responded to by an engine and company. Nine buildings were burned, and twenty business men and firms burned out, be- sides three law firms, a dentist, photog- rapher, and four societies. The firms burned out were, on Main street, J. D. Clogston, stoves and tin shop ; Peck & Cummins, leather dealers ; Barrows & Peck, hardware and stoves. On State street, C. B. Wilson, drugs and medicines ; Geo. L. Nichols, clothing ; Ira S. Town, jeweler ; Orrin Daley, fruit and restaurant; S. C. Woolson, merchant tailor ; A. A. Mead, jeweler; T. C. Phinney, books and sta- tionery ; JangraVv & Meron, barbers ; Chas. Keene, jeweler ; C. H. Freeman, photog- rapher: W. A. Boutelle, millinery; E. H. Towne, merchant tailor ; J. O'Grady, boot- maker ; T. W. McKee, sewing machines ; State Treasurer's office, C. H. Heath, L. L. Durant, and Gleason & Field's law of- fices, Masonic hall, Naiad Temple of Honor hall. Post Brooks G. A. R. hall, and Sovereigns of Industry hall. The total loss on buildings and goods was about $75,000, with an insurance of about $47,000. The only accident that occured was by the falling of the ruins of the Rialto build- ing, under which Wm. T. Dewey, a fire- man, was buried, but escaping with a broken leg. The business firms had hardly got es- tablished in their new or temporary quar- ters, when they were visited by the second great fire, more destructive than the first. This, like the first, broke out on the west side of Main street, in the rear end of Jef- ferson Bmce's brick building, at about 1 2 : 30 o'clock on the morning of May i , There being a high wind at the time, the flames spread very rapidly. All the build- ings on that side of the street running south as far as the Montpelier and Wells River railroad depot were soon consumed, and also the James R. Langdon building on the north side, parti}" destroyed by the previous fire. All of the buildings on the opposite side of the street, from the Fred- erick Marsh residence to the railroad track, and from the head of Barre street up the street as far as the residence of Joel Foster, Jr., on one side, and the residence of Louis P. Gleason on the other, were laid in ashes in a few short hours, making a total of thirty-eight buildings burned, only three of them brick, the rest wooden, and most of them very old, among them being the old Shepard stand and the Col. Jon- athan P. Miller house. The buildings burned were owned by following parties : West side. Main street, a story and a half brick building, J. Bruce; two large bai'ns in the rear, T. J. Hubbard; new, two- story wooden building, new, three-story wooden one, tenement house and out- MONTPELIER. iZ7 buildings, all owned by James G. French ; one-story wooden one, by D. K. Bennett; two-story and a half wooden one, byN. C. Bacon ; another of the same material and dimensions, the old Shepard tavern, and a new, one-story wooden building, all owned by Eben Scribner. On the east side oi the street, the old Frederick Marsh store, the residences and out-buildings of Mrs. John Wood, William C. Lewis, and Mr. Lewis' blacksmith shojD, Mrs. Timothy Cross' residence, the large, four-story wooden building, owned by Mrs. C. B. Wilson, Mr. Zenas Wood's residence, with out-buildings, the old Miller house, owned by Andrew Murray. On Barre street, south side, the residence and out-buildings of Mrs. B. M. Clark, Geo. S. Hubbard and Carlos L. Smith, and a tenement house of Mrs. Clark. Barre street, north side, Mrs. R. W. Hyde's residence, and brick house owned by James R. Langdon. Fifteen business firms were burned out, one livery stable, a carriage-maker and blacksmith, and forty families. The bus- iness firms were : W. A. Boutelle, milli- nery ; R. T. Eastman, carriage-maker; John O. Adams, livery; H. C. Webster, dry goods; Putnam & Marvin, W. 1. goods ; N. P. Brooks, hardware; D. K. Bennet, gunsmith ; N. C. Bacon, auction store ; Barrows & Peck, stoves, tin and hardware; Henry Cobb, marble dealer; Geo. M. Scribner, stoves and tin ware; Hyde & Foster, iron and heavy hardware ; J. D. Clogston, tin ware; Philip Preston, W. I. goods. Families burned out on Main street, west side, were: J. Bruce, H. C. Webster, Fred. W. Morse, E. N. Hutchins, A. W. Edgerly, Geo. S. West, Elisha Walcott, Mrs. Harris, Geo. W. Parmenter, Chas. T. Summers, GilmanD. Scribner, Oliver P. Thompson ; Main, east side, C. W. Selinas, Frank Keyes, Jerome J. Pratt, Mrs. Glysson, Zenas Wood, Mr. I. Lovely, Mrs. S. C. Gray, Mrs. Mary Lamb, Miss Selinas, Mrs. Dyer Richard- son, Mrs. Timothy Cross, Wm. C. Lewis, Mrs. John Wood, Philip Preston, Mrs. Frederick Marsh, Carlos W. Norton ; Barre street, south side, Mrs. B. M. Clark, Chas. T. Thurston, C. M. Pitkin, Peter Nathan, Moses Morey, Joseph Felix, Mrs. Aurelia Allard, Carl L. Smith, Hiram B. Wood- ward ; north side, Mrs. R. W. Hyde, and Col. C. B. Wilson. The flames spread so rapidly, and the heat being so intense, very little time was given to remove the goods and furniture from the burning buildings. What was removed and carried into the street was soon burned. Many families and some business men lost their all, the total loss being about $120,000, with an insurance of about $75,000. Several firemen and citizens were quite severely burned in their efforts to stay the flames and in saving goods. Many build- ings in various parts of the village caught fire from the falling cinders, and with great effort were extinguished. The light of the fire was seen for many miles in towns about us, and within a radius of twenty miles it was as light as day, people being awake ^thinking that the fire was that of some near neighbor's buildings. In the appeals for aid sent out, Barre and North- field each responded by sending fire en- gines and men, and at dawn the fire was under control. Daylight presented a sad picture from the State street bridge to the Montpelier and Wells River depot, and as far as Joel Foster's house, on Barre street, but three buildings remaining standing — ■ T. J . Hubbard's brick and wooden build- ings on the corner, and Carlos Bancroft's brick building adjoining. Never was more energy displayed than ill the rebuilding of the burned districts, the smoke having barely cleared away when several large and splendid brick blocks were under way in the course of erection, some of them occupied within four months. May 25, 1880, the Court House burned, leaving only the outside walls standing ; loss $15,000. It had been remodeled and enlarged the previous year, an extension of 22 feet having been added in the rear, the whole costing about $10,000. All the books and records of value were saved, the only loss being the files of the news- papers published in town for many years back, all being a total loss. 43 338 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Jan. 6, 1857, the State House, which was being warmed up on the eve of the sep- tenary Constitutional Convention, caught fire from the furnace, and all but the empty granite walls, with their brick linings, was destroyed, and all the contents, except the library, which was got out, and the l)ooks and papers in the safe of the Secretary of State's office, a few articles of furniture and the portrait of Washington, was re- duced to a heap of ruins. BURNING OF THE STATE HOUSE. BY JOSEPH A. WING, KSQ. O'er Montpelier, beauteous town, The shades of nij;ht were closing down ; The lovely moon, the queen of night, Was driving on lier chariot briglit; And star on star their Influence lent, 'Till glowed with fire tlie firniaiuent. The wind was blowing high and strong, Aud swept in fearful gusts along; The piercing cold had cleared the street Of merry voice and busy feet, — And gathered 'round the cheerful hearth. The smiling face, the social mirth, Show'd that the night was gaily past. While outward howled the roaring blast. What means that wild and startling cry. To which the echoing hills reply? First feeble, low, and faint and mild ; Then loud, and terrible and wild. 'Tisfire! flre! that awful sound I Firel Are! firel the h Us resound! Now rising near— now heard afar, The stillness of the night to mar, Joih'd with the wind's wild roaring, hear The cry of fire burst on the earl Forth from the hearth, the shop, the store, . At that dread sound, the myriads pour— And, gathering as they pass along. Each street and alley swells the throng. The rattling engines passing by. The roaring wind, the larum cry. The ringing bells, the wild afifright. Still add new terrors to the night. See yonder grand and stately pile. With lofty dome, and beauteous aisle. Our village glory and our pride. Whose granite walls old Time defied; Her halls of state, her works of art, Both please the eye, and charm the heart. The moon's pale light on those dark walls Coldly now is gleaming; But in her proud and lofty halls A wilder light is streaming. Now gaily dancing to and fro. Now upward speeds its flight- See! on its dome, now capped with snow. The flame doth spread its fearfi;l glow Of purple light. The wind roars loud, the flames flash high. Leaping and dancing to the sky ; While in the rooms below. From hall to hall resistless rushing. From doors and windows furious gushing— Oh! how sublime the show! Dark clouds of smoke spread far and wide. And balls of fire on every side Fall like the aniumu hail ; Before the fury of the blast. The rushing flames, that spread so fast. The heart of man may quail. Ah, man, how feeble is thy power. In that dread and fearful hour When flames are flashing free From lofty spires and windows high. And clouds of smoke obscure the sky. As onward, on, the flames rush by In wildest revelry! Roar on, fierce flame; beneath thy power The works of years, in one short hour. Are swept from earth away ; And nought is left of all their pride. But ashes, scattered far and wide. And crumbling walls, with smoke dark-dyed. Spread out in disarray. That lofty pile, one hour ago,— The State's just pride, the Nation's show, Capp'd with its bright and virgin snow,— In beauty shone: The next, a mass of ruined walls. Of columns broke, and burning halls, — Its beauty flown. FLOODS. From incontestible indications, it ap- pears the water in the unprecedented rise of the Winooski in the flood of 1785, rose some three or four feet higher than the highest parts of State street. This would have submerged nearly every acre of the whole of the present site of Montpelier village from one to a dozen feet, from the rise of the hills on one side to that of the corresponding ones on the other side. Floods filling the channels of the river and branch to the tops of their banks, with overflows in all the lower places, were of almost yearly occurrence during the first 20 years after the settlement of the town. But the first one that fairly overflowed the banks and came into the streets to much extent, occurred, as far as we have been able to ascertain, in the summer about 18 ID, the water submerging all the lower parts of Main and State streets, bursting over the western bank of the branch just above State street bridge, tearing out the earth near the bridge, rendering the street nearly impassible for wagons, and leaving, on the subsiding of the flood, a pond hole 6 or 8 feet deep and 20 wide, extending to the border of the street. Into this hole one of the lawyers blundered on a dark MONTPELIER. 339 night some time afterwards, as we recollect from the circumstance that the wags of the village dubbed him for the time, "Walk-in-the-Water," in allusion to the name of the Indian chief, who, about the same time, had in some way become known to the public. In this hole was subsequently drowned, from falling in during a dark evening, Carver Shurtleff, a little man with a big voice, noted for expertness in flax-dressing and his propensity for trading in dogs. March 24, 25, 1826, on the breaking up of the river, an unusually high spring flood swept away the old trestle-bridge lead- ing across the river to Berlin, and car- ried off" the grist mill of James H. Lang- don, on the Berlin side. This flood oc- curred in the night, and was entirely unexpected. Probably less than a dozen people witnessed it, and can testify to the peril in which many families were placed. As the ice broke up above Langdon's mill, it formed a dam upon the bridge and piers, and almost the entire river was turned through what is now Barre street and the lower part of Main street, in a body like a wall or large wave. My informant saw it coming near the Shepard tavern, was forced to run with all speed, and found no refuge until he reached the portico of the Union House. Fortunately this change in the course of the river lasted but a few minutes, else marty houses would have been swept off. The bridge gave way, and with it the dam, taking a part of one of the paper mills and the river wall of Langdon's grist mill, and on the following day the grist mill fell into the stream. Sept. 1828, occuried the flrst of what are called the two great floods at Mont- pelier village. After nearly three days of almost continued rain, which grew more copious every day, and ended with an ex- cessively heavy and prolonged shower on the night of the 4th, the water rose 4 or 5 feet higher than had been known since the town was settled, and nearly the whole village, cellars, streets and ground floors were inundated. Two bridges and a barn, on the North Branch, were swept away, and fences, wood-piles and lumber along the banks very generally carried down stream. The office of the writer of these pages was then in Langdon's great brick building on the corner. His boarding- place was at W. W. CadwelPs, on the op- posite side of the street, and a pretty cor- rect idea of the depth of the water may be had in the fact, which we distinctly re- member, that at noon, when the water had attained its height, Mr. Cadwell came for us in a skiff", and running it into the entry- way leading to the offices on the second floor, took us in from the third stair, and rowing us across the street and into the front hall, landed us on the fourth stair leading to the chambers of his own house, where the cooking for the family on that day could only be done. The second, and still greater, of these floods, was July 29, 1830, when the water rose full 6 inches higher than in the last, and ran over the window-sills and into the lower rooms of several houses around the head of State street. The two lower bridges over the Branch were again swept away. The office building of Joshua Y. Vail, on State street, was floated off", and lodged in a low branching tree near the old Episcopal church, from which it was afterwards lowered down, and drawn back to its old stand. Two other small buildings, standing near the bank of the Branch, were carried down stream, and wholly broken up in the rapids below the village. Much damage was occasioned by this gi-eat flood, but it was marked by the still greater calamity of the loss of life. Nathaniel Bancroft, of Calais, a middle- aged farmer of considerable property, was drowned. We then resided near the east- erly end of Main street, on the swell where Carlos Bancroft now lives. Towards noon, at the height of the water, we threw to- gether a few plank in the edge of the water which came to the foot of that rise, about 10 rods from the Loomis house, near the residence of Dr. Charles Clark, mounted our rude raft with a setting pole, and sailed through the entire length of Main street to the end of the Arch Bridge over the river. When about midway on the voyage, Mr. Bancroft, with one or two 340 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. others from the same quarter, who had come down to see the flood, rushed past us on the sidewalk, which was covered with less depth of water, all evidently much ex- cited by the novelties of the scene, and, regardless of a wetting, making their way through the water as fast as possible toward the corner, where the greatest damage was expected to occur. As we were nearing the old Shepard tavern stand, a pile of wood at the north-easterly end of the barn began to rise, tumble and float away in the strong, deep current, which here made from the street through by the way of the barn towards the confluence of the branch and the river. At this junc- ture, the luckless Bancroft, who had just reached a dry place before the barn door, and stood eating a cracker, rushed down into the water with the idea of saving some of the wood, and not being aware how rapidly the ground fell off here, was in a moment beyond his depth, and sunk to rise no more. When his body was re- covered, 20 or 30 minutes afterwards, his mouth was found full of half-masticated cracker, life gone beyond all the arts of resuscitation. It is probable he was stran- gled at the outset, and, as others have been known to do, died almost instantly. There have been numerous partial over- flows of the streets at various times, filling up grocery and other cellars, and doing injuries to bridges, mills and other build- ings, by sudden winter floods and the con- sequent breaking up and damming of the ice in the streams, within, above and below the village. Among these was one that suddenly occurred in February, 1825, in the middle of a night preceded by a re- markably warm and heavy rain. There was a ball at the Union House that night, and as John Pollard, ol Barre, with his sisters and others, were returning from the ball, their team became completely imprisoned on a little knoll in a road about a mile above the village, by mons- trous blocks of the disrupting ice of the river, which were being driven with amaz- ing force into the road immediately above and below. The party escaped to the hills, and the ladies waded through the snow, two feet deep, to a house half a mile distant, while the team was not extracted till the next morning. Another sudden breaking up of the ice occurred in January, 1840, in the evening, after a warm, rainy afternoon. The ice, broken up in the river above, was, under the impetus of the rising water and a strong south wind, driven through the whole length of the mill pond, three-fourths of a mile, in about 10 minutes. It was suddenly brought to a stand at the narrowing of the channel at the Arch Bridge, when half the whole river was thrown over all the lower part of Barre street, and for a short time all the buildings on that part of the street were in imminent danger of being swept away. Before much damage was done, however, Mr. Langdon's mill dam was crushed down and forced away beneath the tre- mendous pressure of the ice above, when the river at once fell back into its ordi- nary channel. Of the several great floods that have oc- cured in town that of Oct. 4, 1869, was the greatest of them all. On Saturday even- ing, Oct. 2, a severe rain storm set in, and continued to pour with scarcely a moment's interruption until the middle of Mon- day afternoon. The river banks began to overflow about 3 o'clock in the afternoon on Monday. About this time the Sand Bottom bridge across the Branch above the dam was carried away. It passed the Foundry bridge without doing any dam- age, but the Academy bridge was carried off when this one struck it. The Union House bridge also gave away when struck by these. As these neared the Post-office bridge great alarm was felt for the safety of the Rialto block. Fortunately the build- ing was strong enough to withstand the con- cussion received from them when they struck the bridge. The only damage done was the raising up of the upper side of the bridge several feet. The water continued to rise very rapidly until about 6.30 P. M., when it was at its greatest height, remain- ing at this point until about 8 o'clock, when it began to fall. At 5 o'clock on the following morning the streets were again passable. The depth of the water in the MONTPELIER. 341 streets and around the village, except on the high lands, when at its greatest height, was from two to six feet, our streets in many parts of the village having been raised up from one to two feet since that time. At the head of State street and on Main it was about three and a half feet, down State street below the Post-office bridge from five to six feet. In the bar room of the American house the water was some two and a half feet in depth, it being over the top of the cook stove in the kitchen. Many ludicrous scenes were witnessed in the attempts to save swine, cattle and horses. A large number of liogs under the barns at the American house were first removed into the bar room and then carried to the chambers above. The Washington County court being in session at the time, the court officials, lawyers, jurymen, etc., were con- veyed to their boarding places in a boat by Mr. James R. Langdon, the boat rowing into the court house yard, and taking them from the steps. Among those who had narrow escapes from drowning were Mr. James G. Slafter of this town, and Mr. Tucker of Northfield, who in attempting to get from the depot to the Pavilion, got on to Mr. Dewey's hay scales, which were rioating down the street. Failing to man- age their unwieldly bark, they were carried down the street as they were, being drawn into the current, but saved themselves by catching the limbs of the trees near where Mr. Badord now lives, from which they were saved by a boat. A very laughable scene was that of a boat load being conveyed from the court house to the Pavilion. When opposite that ho- tel, the boat struck the top of a hitching post as it was passing over it, and cap- sized. They all scrambled to their feet and waded into this hotel. At 6 o'clock, the Railroad bridge was carried off. It floated down stream whole, taking one of the large trees off on the bank of the river just below E. P. Jewett's. In striking the center pier of the railroad bridge at Jewett crossing, it swung around into the field on the north side, and there remained until taken to pieces and brought back. A very large amount of loss was caused by the damage to the carpets and furniture in the residences and to the goods in the stores, sufficient time not being given for their re- moval. A large amount of wood was lost by floating away, cords of it passing down through the streets. The town suffered loss to the extent of several thousand dol- lars by the loss of bridges, and nearly all of the plank street crossings flowing away. The brick side walks in town were ruined, the sand being washed out from under them, and the bricks being piled in heaps about. There was no loss of life. All of the boats that were to be had were made available b\' the removing of goods and persons to places of safety. The water was estimated to be about 18 inches higher than it was in 1830. [Note. — The record of the fires, acci- dents, crimes, and floods, occurring pre- vious to i860, we take from Thompson's History of Montpelier.] b. REVOLUTIONARY SOLDIERS, who lived and died in this town : Col. Jacob Davis, aged 75. Eliakim D. Persons, died in 1846, aged 81. Estis Hatch, died in 1834, aged 86. Luther King, died in 1842, aged 88. Aaron Gris- wold, died in 1847, aged 95. Ziba Wood- worth, died in 1826, aged 66, and his broth- er, Joseph Wood worth, the date of whose death is unknown. Some 16 other early settlers of this town were also Revolutionary soldiers, but lived in that part of the town now East Mont- pelier. Doubtless there were others who resided here, but I am unable to learn their names. For Soldiers of 181 2, see page 298. MEXICAN WAR. Four soldiers enlisted from this town, and serve?d through the war, nearly two years, in the 9th reg't U. S. vols. : — Rich- ard Dodge, Daniel Cutler, Luman Grout, William Guinan. Cutler left the regiment in Mexico, and never returned. Dodge, Grout and Guinan served through the Re- bellion. Guinan died a few years ago, and Dodge and Grout are now both living in town. 342 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. List of Men furnished by the Town of Montpelier, 1861-1865. Compiled mainly from the Adjutant General's Reports, from 1864 to 1872, inclusive, BY ClIAS. DK F. BANCROFT. FIRST REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. THREE MONTHS. Mustered into service, May 2, 1S61. Mustered out August 15, 1861. Names. Age. Buxton, John H. 18 Coffey, Robert J. 19 Goodwin, Royal B. 22 Gove, Freeman R. 27 Newcomb, George W. 18 Webster, Oscar N. 26 Co. Eiilistiuent. Uemarks. F Mustered out Aug. 15, 61. do do do do do SECOND REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. THREE YEARS. Allen, Andrew H. Ballou, Horace C. Ballou, Jerome E. Barrett, John Bennett, Amos N. *Brown, Harvey W. Bryant, Eliphalet E. tBryant, James G. Burgin, Patrick Burnham, William T. Camp, William H. Clark, Charles Clark, Dayton R Cassavaint, Thomas L. Contant, Augustus Grossman, Horace F. Dodge, Richard S. Field, William C. Fitzgerald, Timothy Ford, Abraham Gravlin, John Goodrich, Victor Goron, Josejih N. Guinan, William Guinan, Edmund Gunnison, Eri S. Guyette, Cyril G. Harran, Selden B. Harran. Ira L. Hogan, Dennis Jabouzie, 'Charles Kelton, John A. La Monte, Robert Lapierre, Nelson Loomis, Elverton Macon, Alfred tMahoney, Sylvester D. Maloney, Thomas McCaully, Thomas McNamara, John Minouge, William tNoyes, Wallace W. Neveaux, Seraphine Parker, Jared Perrin, Julius Persons, Plynne C Phillips, Walter A. Quinn, John Randall, Francis V. Rodney, Lewis Rose, Peter Rose, William Sanders, Joseph A. Mustered into service, June 20, i86r. 18 D May 7 61 Died July 26, 61. ¥ do Mustered out June 29, 64. F do Sergt. Discharged Feb. 23, 63. B Mar. 20 62 Mustered out March 25, 65. F May 11 61 Pro. Corp. Killed at Fredericsb'gh, Mar. 3, 63. F May 17 61 Re-enlisted. Mustered out July 17, 65. K May 16 61 Discharged Nov. 23, 61. B Aug. 4 63 Mustered out July 16, 65. July 30 62 Killed at Bank's Ford, May 3, 63. May 23 61 Capt. Resigned Oct. 25, 61. May 7 61 Sergt. Mustered out June 20, 64. June 7 61 Discharged March 6, 62. May 7 61 Rec'd prom, to Capt. Must, out June 29, 64. Aug. 2061 Prom. Serg. Re-enlist. Must, out July 15, 65. June 9 61 Dis. Jan. 23, 63. Sub. July, 63. do. Aug 20 61 Pro. Capt. Hon. dis. Oct. 30, 63, for wds. rec. May 7 61 Discharged March 29, 63. do Mustered out June 29, 64. Aug 23 61 Re-enlisted Dec. 21, 63. Deserted Feb. 11, 64. June 16 61 Sergt. Discharged Nov. 20, 63. Mar 20 63 Mustered out July 15, 65. May 7 61 Killed at Bull Run, July 21, 61. Aug 1662 Prom. Serg. Mustered out July 15, 65. May 7 61 Sergt. Discharged Sept. 21, 61. do Discharged July 25, 63. do Corp. Mustered out June 20, 64. do Pro. Com. Serg. Re-en. Must, out July 16, 65. do Died Nov. 14, 61. June 661 Deserted Sept. 15, 63. Aug 20 61 Discharged vSept. 29, 63. Dec 29 62 Discharged July 18, 63. May 7 61 Discharged Nov. 27, 62. June 15 61 Mustered out June 23, 64. Mar I 62 Discharged March 8, 63. May 7, 61 Discharged Sept. 13, 62, for wounds received. May 20 61 Mustered out June 29, 64. July 27 63 Killed at Spottsylvania, May 12, 64. Aug II 61 Mustered out Sept. 12, 64. May 7 61 Pro. Sergt. Re-en. Mustered out July 16, 65. H Aug 20 61 Deserted July 20, 62. H do Killed at Wilderness, May 5, 64. F July 21 63 Received wounds. Mustered out Aug., 65. K Mar 11 62 Pro. Corp. Mustered out July 11, 65. F May 7 61 Transferred to Invalid Corps, Sept. i, 63. F do Discharged Nov. 7, 61. F - July 21 61 Discharged Sept., 61. F May 7 61 ist Lieutenant. Discharged Dec. 31, 61. H May 25 61 Mustered out June 29, 64. F do Capt. Pro. Col. 13th Reg't Sept. 24, 62. B Mar 29 62 Mustered out April 24, 65. H May 16 61 Discharged Feb. i6, 63. F Feb 18 62 Pro. Corp. Mustered out July 15, 65. F May 7 61 Re-enlisted. Mustered out July 15, 65. 21 20 41 30 19 21 28 B 30 D 43 H 21 F H 21 F 22 H F F D F H H E F F F F F F F D 24 H 24 K 22 F 21 D :^5 F 20 F 26 F 37 F 39 H 18 F 26 23 20 21 36 29 MONTPELIER. 343 I!iov 19 61 43 Nov II 61 18 Dec 16 61 22 Dec 10 61 19 Dec 9 61 41 Nov 21 61 39 Feb 1362 19 Dec 13 61 Must, out Aug. 10, 64. Died in Reg. Service July 26, 65, of w'ds. rec'd. at Port Hudson. Mustered out Aug. 10, 64. do Discharged March 28, 63. Discharged June 5, 62. Corp. Pro. Serg't. Must, out Aug. 10, 64. Must, out Aug. ID, 64. do do Died July 25, 64, of wounds received in action. Mustered out Aug. 10, 64. Pro. 2d Lieut. Must, out Aug. 10, 62. Curry, Michael SECOND BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY. THREE YEARS. Mustered into service 1861. 18 Dec 25 61 Discharged Oct. 20, 62. THIRD BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY. THREE YEARS. Mustered into service 1863. Bousquet, Francis O. 19 Dec 2563 Deserted Aug. 31, 64. Brown, John H. 45 Dec 1963 Died Sept. 16, 64. Butterfly, Frank 18 Dec 12 63 Mustered out June 1 5, 65. Campbell, James 19 Dec 22 63 do *Campbell, Humphrey 18 Aug 20 64 do MONTPELIER. 347 Names. *Cayhue, Jesse Chalifaux, Naraise *Curry, Michael *Dodge, Wallace H. Estis, Charles O. *Jangraw, Alexander *Jangraw, Frank *Gravlin, Peter Langdon, John B. Jr. Miller, John *Morris, Frank *Morris, Joseph Moulton, Benjamin J. Palmer, Henry A. Phillips, Walter A. Prevost, Clement Reynard, Edmund *Rowe, Joseph Staples, Guy B. Staples, Marshall S. Taplin, Eben Valley, Joseph Washburn, William L. *Yatta, William Age. Co. Enlistment. l8 Dec 2363 28 Dec 2663 21 Apr 23 64 21 Aug 22 64 18 Sept 7 63 18 Aug 19 64 21 Sept 7 63 30 Aug 18 64 Oct 30 63 18 Dec 5 63 19 Aug 17 64 20 do 27 Dec 12 63 18 Dec I 63 22 Dec 12 63 19 Sept 1563 26 Dec I 63 35 Aug 3 64 18 Oct 16 63 37 do 25 Dec 1663 24 Dec 26 63 20 do 18 Dec 29 63 Remarks. Mustered out June 15, 65. do do do do do do do Q. M. Serg't. Must, out June 15, 64. Mustered out June 15, 65. do do do do 1st Lieut. Honorably discharged Feb. 3, 65. Mustered out June 15, 65. Discharged Jan. 28, 64. Mustered out June 15, 65. do Artificer. Mustered out June 15, 65. Corp. Pro. to 2d Lieut. Must, out June 1 5, 65. Mustered out June 15, 65. do do SECOND REGIMENT U. S. SHARP-SHOOTERS. THREE YEARS. Severance, Luther Pitkin, Perley P. JSmith, Henry C. IBrunell, Frank J. tRobinson, John Williamson, John *Batchelder, Josiah L. *Gravlin, Frank Jr. *Guinan, William *Jangra\v, Oughtney *Kimball, Frank *Nichols, Lucius *Stowe, Lorenzo *Wells, John T. *Wood, Lewis *Gravlin, Peter *Clogston, O. Curtis *Cutler, Marcus M. *Washburn, J. W. F. Clark, William H. Gilmore, Edward C. Parker, Jared Parker, Lucius R. Storrs, Charles W. Webster, Oscar N. Bixby, H. Roger Clark, Fred Collins, John Cross, Oscar N. Daniels, William Dewey, Peter G. Mustered in 1861. 2; E Aug II 62 Mustered out June 12, 65. FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. 35 June 6 61 Captain and Q. M. Pro. to Col. and O. M. U. S. Vol. FORTY-THIRD U, S. COLORED REGIMENT. July 21 63 Mustered out 65. FIRST COMPANY OF DRAFTED MEN. July 21 63 Discharged Oct. 22. 63. July 27 63 Deserted. CREDIT IN U. S. NAVY. Jan 3 64 Juniata Sophronia. Discharged June 3, 65. Mustered out July, 6i Must, out, 64. IN REGIMENTS FROM OTHER STATES. 13th N. H. Regiment. Enlisted, 63, 3 years. 36tla Mass. Enlisted, 63, 3 years. [July, 63. 14th R. L Reg't. 9 months. Enlisted Sept. 62. Serg't. Must, out Sth Maine. Enlisted July, 62, 3 years. Must, out July, 65. 39th Mass. Enlisted, 63, 3 years. Killed at Piedmont, Va., June 5,64. 14th R. I. Reg't. 9 mos. Enlisted Sept. 62. Mustered out July, 63. 14th R. L Reg't. 9 mos. Enlisted Sept. 62. Died, 63. 14th R. L Reg't. 9 mos. Enlisted Sept. 62. " 2d N. H. Reg't. 3 years. Enlisted May, 61. do do 2d Mass Artillery. Enlisted Dec. 17, 63. Must, out Sept. 65. 7th Ohio Infantry. Enlisted Apr. 17, 61. Must, out Aug. 64. 24th Mass. Infantry. Enlisted Dec. 63. Mustered out Aug. 66. VETERAN RESERVE CORPS. ENLISTED MEN. E July 6 63 Must, out Nov. 13, 65. E do do E July 13 63 do July 22 63 do July 25 63 Transferred to Co. K. 7th Regiment, in 64. July 4 64 Mustered out July 3, 66. FIRST REGIMENT FRONTIER CAVALRY. 19 M Jan 3 65 Mustered out June 27, 65. 18 M do do 27 M do Pro. Corporal. Mustered out June 27, 63. 24 M do Com. Sergeant. Mustered out June 27, 05. 20 M do Mustered out June 27, 65. 22 M do do 348 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Names. Age. Co. EnlUfment. Remark.'!. Howard, George D. 22 M do 1st Lieut. Resigned March i6, 65, Lemwin, George "2 M do Pro. Sergeant. Mustered out June 27, 65. McCluskey, Charles A. 28 M do Mustered out June 27, 65. Morse, Joseph B. i. * Residents of Montpelier, but credited to other towns, for the reason that at the date of their enlistment the quota of the town was full, and they were credited to other towns that they might draw 'their state bounty. At all the calls made by the Government for troops during the war, the town kept in excess of her quota. For various reasons, several went into other states and enlisted, and were not town credits. Therefore, it seems no more than jusf and right that all of the names of these men, so far as are known, should be written in history as credit to the town. t Substitute. X Drafted. montpelier's roll of honor. , Name. Allen, Andrew H. Ayers, Albert J. Atherton, Omri S. Armstrong, Thomas Baxter, Robert Bennett, Amos N. Brooks, Robert Brown, John H. Bryant, Eliphalet E. Buxton, Harris Burgin, Patrick Burke, John Burke, Walter Carr, James M. Cayhue, Tuffield Chalifaux, Maxy Divine, Patrick Emerson, Andrew A. Franklin, Roswell Gilman, Sydney A. Reg't. D 2 B ID C 17 Re gu lar Service II U. S, . R. Reg't. F B 10 3d Battery 11 U. s. R. Reg't. H II D 2 B 10 C 13 B 10 B 10 II U. s. R. Reg't, K 3 E 17 H 3 G 4 Died July 26, 61. Died Sept. 16, 62. Died Nov. 6, 64. Died July 26, 65, of w'ds. rec'd. at Port Hudson. Died Sept. 6, 66, at Richmond, Va. Killed at Fredricksburgh, May 3, 63. Died in Danville Prison, Ga.. Dec. 23, 63. Died at City Point, Va., Sept. 16, 64. Died at Richmond, Va., Sept. 16, 66. Died Feb. 20, 63. Killed at Banks Ford, May 3, 63. Died at Brandy Station, Va., Nov. 9, 64. Died at Wolfs Run Shoals, Va., Mar. 4. 62,. Died July i, 64. Killed at Cold Harbor, June i, 63. Died at Richmond, Va., Aug. 15, 66. Killed at Lee's Mills, Apr. 16, 62. Died July 17, 64. Died Dec. 16, 63. Died in Andersonville Prison, Oct. 64. MONTPELIER. 349 Name. Co. Reg't. Gray, Ira S. D 5 Greeley, Allen B 10 Goodrich, Victor F 2 Harran, Selden B. F 2 Horr, John P. H 6 Kent, Hermon G. G 4 Kennedy, Felix B 10 Kimball, Frank 39 Mass .Reg. Ladue, Joseph G 4 Loomis, Vernon L. H Mailhote, Victor W. G 4 Mahonev, Sylvester 1). F Marshall, William E 17 McManus, James \V. K Minouge, William H Mitchell, Sullivan B. 1st Battery Nealor, Edward II U S R. Reg- Rose, Joseph H 17 Shorey, Elscine F 2 Smith, Levi K 4 Sprague, Fredrick W. A 6 Stetson, Ezra B 10 Stone, Horatio F. H 2 Storrs, Gilman U. B 10 Storrs, Charles W. K 7 Stowe, Lorenzo, 14th R. L Reg't. Taylor, Benjamin F 1 Thaver, James E. E S Waldron, Ezekiel B 10 White, George A. H 2 Wright, Benjamin N. I '3 Remarks. Killed at Savage Station, June 29, 62. Died July i, 63, of vv'ds. rece'd. at Cold Harbor. Killed at Bull Run, July 21, 61. Died Nov. 16, 61. Killed at Cedar Creek, (Jet. 19, 64. Killed at Fredricksburgh, Dec. 19, 62. Died Dec. 8, 63. Killed at Piedmont, Va., June 5, 64. Died Feb. 26, 64, of wounds received in action. Died Feb. 6, 63. Died Oct. 5, 62, of wounds received in action. Killed at Spottsylvania, May 12, 64. Died June 3, 64, of wounds received in action. Killed at Spottsylvania, May 12, 64. Killed at Spottsylvania, May 12, 64. Died July 25, 64, of wounds received in action. Died in Richmond, Va., Sei)t. 8, 66. Killed at Petersburgh, July 27, 64. Killed at Spottsylvania, May 12, 64. Died May 12, 63, Killed at Cold Harbor, June i, 64. Killed at Cold Harbor, June i, 64. Killed in Wilderness, May 4, 64. Killed at Mine Run, Nov, 27, 63. Died Apr. 10, 65, ofw'ds. rec'd. at Spanish Fort. Died in 63. Died June 28, 62. Killed at Bayou Des Allems, Sept. 4, 62. Died Apr. 6, 65. of wounds received in action. Killed at Spottsylvania, May 12, 64. Killed at Gettysburg, July 3, 63. In addition to these might be added the names of many who were wounded and disabled, and did not survive their disability long after ihe war or their discharge. Below we give the names of those who lost a limb : Capt. Horace Grossman, Co. F, 2d Regiment, and Private Charles McLaughlin, Co. K, 3d Regiment, losing a leg ; .Serg't. Hiram M. Pierce, Co. B, loth Regiment, and Private Elverton Loomis, Co. F, 2d Regiment, losing an arm. RECAPI'lULATION. Total number of men furnished who entered the service 365 Furnished substitute 10 Paid commutation 10 No. who served their teim of enlistment, or to close of war 120 Mustered out previous to close of the war at the expiration of their term of service 80 Discharged for disability, for wounds received and various other causes 114 Killed in battle 21 Died of wounds received in action 1 1 Died of diseases contracted in the service 17 Died in rebel prisons 2 Deserted 12 Perhaps it would be proper here to men- tion the names of those who were natives of Montpelier, and had sought homes in the West, and from there had enlisted and lost their lives in the defence of their country : Walter M. Howes, son of the late Hon. William Howes, of Prescott, Wis., for- merly of Montpelier, enlisted at the age of 21 years, was promoted to Orderly Ser- geant of Co. F, 37th Wis. reg't ; was se- verely Avounded, but recovered. In mount- ing the enemy's works before Petersburgh, April 2, 1865, he was struck by a solid shot and instantly killed. He was a young man of fine character, high promise and an excellent soldier. Col. Holden Putnam, of the 93d Illinois, was killed in one of Gen. Grant's battles with Bragg in 1863. Col. Putnam left Montpelier about 1853, and settled in Free- port, 111., where he was successfully en- gaged in the banking business. When the war broke out, Putnam, true to the name he bore, at once gave his services to his country, and gave the name new honor by patriotism and bravery as was given by the Gen. Putnam of Revolutionary fame. 350 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Capt. William W. Hutchins, son of the late William Hutchins of tins town, when the rebellion broke out resided in Prescott, Wis. He le- linquished a good business, and en- listed as a private in the 6th Wis- consin, and received promotions to Captain. While gallantly leading his Company at the battle neai Ream's Station, Va., Aug. 19, 1864, he was killed. He was a brave sol- dier and a good officer. We give below an account of a very re- markable military expedition under the command of Lieut. W. F. Cross, son of the late Timothy Cross, of Montpelier, which took place on the 21st of December, 1863, ^^ Dakota Territory. He was ordered to march with twelve men a distance of forty miles, to destroy a camp of Sioux Indians. The thermometer stood at 35° below zero. It was so cold that the party could not ride, and they were therefore compelled to march twenty- five miles in tliat Arctic weather. They broke up the camp, killing the Indians, (we are sorry to add and scalping, though that is the fashion in such wars,) and re- turned without the loss of a man, though two horses gave out and were left on the road. On the return march, the ther- mometer was 24° below zero. The party was absent 39 hours, and in that time marched 80 miles, most of the way on foot, on snowy ground, and in weather never exceeded for severity in any military expedition, unless it was in Napoleon's Russian campaign. REUNIONS. There has been one soldiers' reunion in town, and several officers' reunions. All hail these reunions! the whole soul expand" With this greeting of hearts and this clasping ofliands ; The heroes who stood 'midst the carnage and roar. And the red stream of battle, in council once juore. Then raise the loud shout, the sweet hymn of the free. Let it swell on (he breeze o'er the mountain and sea; For our old battle banner, tho' riddled and worn, Not a single bright star from its glory is torn. OLD MASONIC HALL,— 1834. MASONIC. BY THOS. H. CAVE. Aurora Lodgp:, No. 9, F. & A. M., was chartered Oct. 14. 1796, the petition for which was signed by Moses Hubbard, Benjamin Waite, and others. The hall first occupied we have been un- able to ascertain ; but in 1805-6 the meet- ings were held in a room over Geo. B. R. Gove's store, (the building now occupied by Fisher & Colton,) on Main street. Then from 1809 to 1822, they had a hall in the old Academy building. About the first of January, 1822, this was destroyed by fire. January 7th of that year, they assembled at Reuben Lamb's mansion-room, so called ; and from Feb. 4 of the same year held their meetings in the Pavihon hotel, then kept by Thomas Davis, until they oc- cupied their new hall. The corner stone of this hall was laid Aug. 8, 1822, with masonic ceremonies, the oration being de- livered by Erastus Watrous. The Lodge held their first meeting in their new hall Oct. 7, 1822. This building stood at the corner of School and Main streets, on the site now occupied by Bethany church. (See engraving above.) Among the members of the Lodge we rind the names of many prominent citizens of this and adjoining towns : Sylvester Day, Rev.Benj.Chatterton Levi Pitkin, Lovell Kelton, Nathan Doty, Salmon Washburn, Thos. Reed, Sen"r, Silas Burbank, Samuel Prentiss, Jr., Elijah Witherell, Parley Davis, Chester Nye, Charles Bulkley, Jacob Miller, Erastus Watrous, Col. Samuel Fifield, David Wing, Jr., Denison Smith, Cyrus Ware, Hezekiah H. Reed, MONTPELIER. 351 Cornelius Lynde, Timothy Hubbard, Geo. W'orthingtori, Seth Putnam, Chapin Keith, Richard Holden, James Fiske, Col. Cyrus Johnson, Larned Lamb, Eliakim D. Persons, Lemuel Farwell, Wyllis L Cadwell. Apollos Hall, Joseph Wing, Isaac Putnam, Thomas Wallace, Salvin Collins, Silas W. Cobb, James Deane, Amasa Bancroft, Sylvanus Baldwin, Abel Knapp, Jeduthan Loomis, Jonah Parks, John Spalding, Dr. James Spalding, R. Bailev, O. H. Smith, Gamaliel Washburn, ChesV W.Houghton, Joseph Howes, Daniel Baldwin, Samuel Goss, Nathan Jewett, Roger G. Bulkley, Joseph Wiggins, Gen. Gusta. Loomis, L. O. C. Bowles, Isaiah Silver, Harry Richardson, Perrin B. Fisk, Israel Dewey, Otis Standish, Jona. Wallace, Diah Richardson, Thomas Reed, Jr., Nat. C. King, Svlvanus Ripley, R'. R. Keith, Nathl. Bancroft, Barzillai Davenport, Walter Little, M. T. C. Wing, H. N. Baylies, Parrot Blaisdell, Daniel H. Dewey, Roswell H. Knapp, Nelson A. Cha-^e, Mark Goss, Norman Rublee, John Goldsbury, Joseph S. Walton, Geo. W. Hill, Dr. Charles Clark, Dr. John Winslow, Joel Winch, Maj. John Poor. The Lodge flourished until the time of the great anti-masonic wave in 1834. We find among the documents preserved the following notice, which was published at the time in the Vermotit li 'atch/nan : MASONIC NOTICE. A meeting of all the masons in Wash- ington County is hereby notified to be holden at the hall in Montpelier, on Fri- day, the 19th day of September inst., at i o'clock, P. M., for the purpose of taking under consideration the unhappy and di- vided state of community on the subject of Freemasonry. It is desirable that the views and feelings of every mason in the County should be fully represented and expressed upon that occasion. This no- tice is the result of a very extensive con- sultation among masons, and is given at their request. Montpelier, lothofSept., 1834. We, the undersigned, do cordially ap- prove of the above notice, and request that the same should be published in all the papers in this County. Montpelier, 10 September, 1834. H. H. Reed, Luman Rublee. R. R. Keith, Isaiah Silver, Israel Dewey, William Mann, H. N. Baylies. H. Richardson, G. W. Barker, Ira Owen, Saml. Goss, Simeon L. Post, Oramel H. Smith, Alonzo Pearce, S. C. French, N. Jewett, Nathl. Bancroft, Jos. Howes, Jason Carpenter, Lovel Kelton. In accordance with said notice, the members met at Masonic hall. We copy from the records : At a special communication of Aurora Lodge No. 9, duly summoned and hold- en at Mason's Hall, in Montpelier, on Friday, the 19th day of September, A. L. 5834. Number of brethren present, about sixty. On motion, the following resolutions were passed and adopted by said Lodge, viz : Resolved and voted. That the trustees, or the survivors of them, who hold the ti- tle to the Masonic Hall in trust for the use of Aurora Lodge, No. 9, (reference being had to the deed of trust,) be, and are hereby directed to sell said Hall, and all right this Lodge may have therein, and also to sell all and singular the personal property belonging, to said Lodge, and make all collections of dues to said Lodge (if any) as soon as may be, and to the best advantage, and from the avails of such sales and collections to pay all sums due from said Lodge ; the same to be as- certained and certified by Jeduthan Loom- is, who is hereby appointed a committee for that purpose ; and the balance of such avails to pay and deliver to the Treasurer of the Washington County Grammar School, for the use and disposal of the trustees of said Grammar School, to whom the same is hereby presented as a dona- tion from this Lodge for the purpose of education ; and a cop}' of this vote shall be their sufficient warrant for the same. Resolved and voted. That until a sale of the Masonic Hall shall be made and com- pleted, full leave and license is hereby giv- en, and the Lodge does hereby approve of all kinds of assemblies being held in this Lodge room, under the direction and con- trol of the trustees aforesaid of said Hall. Resolved and voted, That Aurora Lodge, No. 9, be now dissolved, and closed forever. Attest, Hezekiah H. Reed, Sec'y pro tem. 352 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. King Solomon Royal Arch Chapter, No. 5, — Commenced working under a dis- pensation granted Oct. 7, 1809, and char- tered Jan. 3, 1810. Charter Members — Charles Bulkley, Erastus Watrous, Joseph Freeman, Solo- mon Miller, Nathan Doty, Sherman Minot, Denison Smith, Sylvanus Baldwin, and Cabot W. Hyde. Jan. 18, 1810, — The first board of officers were elected, as follows : Charles Bulkley, High Priest ; Erastus Watrous, King ; Jo- seph Freeman, Scribe ; Joseph Howes, Treasurer ; Jeduthan Loomis, Secretary ; Solomon Millar, Captain of the Host ; Na- than Doty, Principal Sojourner; Phineas Woodbury, Royal Arch Captain : Sylvan- us Baldwin, Master of 3d Veil ; Denison Smith, Master of 2d Veil; George Worth- ington. Master of Lst Veil; Nathan Jewett, Tyler. The Chapter held its meetings in the hall occupied by Aurora Lodge. Many of the masons mentioned in the list of the Lodge were members of this body. We give the names of a few not given there who took their degrees in, and were mem- bers of, this Chapter : Hiram Steele, Asa Partridge, Jona. Briggs of Marshfield, Isaac Fletcher of Lyndon, Jacob Davis of Randolph, Mat- thias Haines of Cabot, Gov. Samuel C. Crafts of Craftsbury, N. R. Sawyer of Hydepark, J. Stearns of Chelsea, Seth G. Bigelow of Brookfield, Z. P. Burnham, Gov. Julius Converse (then) of Randolph, J. K. Parish of Randolph, D. Azro A. Buck of Chelsea ; and many others might be given did space permit. We copy from the Chapter Records : Oct. 20, 1816. — Voted, That the treas- urer pay out of the funds of the Chapter to the treasurer of the Vermont Bible So- ciety the sum of thirty dollars. Dec. 4, 1816. — Voted, To appropriate ten dollars tor the benefit of schools in the Western States. Whether the Chapter formally surren- dered its charter or not, we have no means of knowing, but at the time of the dissolu- tion of the Lodge it is probable that it was forfeited, as we find no record of meetings after that time. MoNTPELiER Council of Royal and Select Ma.sters. — Organized Jan. 3, 1818, by Jeremy L. Cross, with Lucius O. C. Bowles as T. I. G. M., Nathan Jewett as D. I. G. M., and Daniel Baldwin as P. C. We can find no further record of their proceedings other than that they existed until the breaking up of Masonry in 1834, though they did not surrender their char- ter initil the revival of Masonry in this State about the year 1850 or '51, when by so doing they received a new one. Aurora Lodge, No. 22, F. & A. M.— Chartered Jan. 9, 185 1. Charter Members. — Harry Richardson, John Poor, Walter Little, Diah Richard- son, Ira S. Town, Henry Crane, Otis Peck, Shubael Wheeler, T. C. Taplin, Levi Boutwell, Gamaliel Washburn. The first meeting was held in the office of Dr. T. C. Taplin, Feb. 5, 1850, for the purpose of drawing up a petition for a charter. The first election of officers occurred March 25, 185 1, at which time the follow- ing list was chosen : T. C. Taplin, W. M. ; Levi Boutwell, S. W. ; John Poor, J. W. ; A. A. Cross, Sec'y ; Ira S. Town, Treas. ; Gamaliel Washburn, S. D. ; Diah Richardson, J. D. ; Henry Crane, Tyler. The first hall occupied by the Lodge was in the third story (over the Vermont Bank,) of the building now owned by L. B. Huntington, on State Street. They remained here until Nov. 13, 1859, when they removed into the new block, built for S. S. Boyce, afterwards owned by Fred E. Smith. This they occupied until it was destroyed in Montpelier's first great fire, March 12, 1875. Meetings were then held in the American House, owned by Chester Clark, a prominent member of the Order, until the completion of Union Block, where a spacious hall and ante-rooms were fitted up especially for the use of the Masonic bodies. The first meeting was held in the new hall Dec. 13, 1875, which they now occupy. List of Fast Masters— T. C. Taplin, 1850; Gamaliel Washburn, 1851-54, 1856; MONTPELIER. 353 John C. Emery, 1855, 1857-59, 1861-63, 1878-79: John W. Clark, i860; Denison Dewey, 1864; Jas. S. Peck, 1869-71; J. W. F. Washburn, 1872-74; J. Austin J'aine. 1875-76; Truman C. Phinney, I 1865-68, 1880, and now in office. List of officers, elected A-pjil 11, 1881 — T. C. Phinney, W. M. ; Geo. W. Wing. S. W. ; J. W. F. Washburn, J. W. ; Jas. C. Houghton, Treas. ; Thos. H. Cave, Sec''y ; Steplien R. Colby, S. D. ; F^red. W. Morse, J. D. : Chas. "c. Ramsdell, S. .S. ; G. Blair, J. S. ; C. C. Dudley, Chap- lain ; A. F. Humphrey, Marshal : W. A. Briggs, Organist; Isaac M. Wright, Tyler. No. of members, 167. Regular com- munications, Monday evening of week in which the moon fulls. Annual, April com- munication. King Solomon Royal Arch Chapter, No. 7. — Chartered Aug. 14, 1851. Charter Metnbers — John Poor, Levi Boutwell, Appleton Fitch, David Leach, Walter Little, Simeon Eggleston, Harry Richardson, Gamaliel Washburn, Joel Winch. The Chapter commenced its labors un- der a dispensation dated Jan. 9, 185 1, and on April 8 conferred the R. A. degree up- on Henry Crane, Geo. S. Johnson, and Joel Winch, Jr. The first election of officers occurred Dec. 27th, 185 1, with the following result : John Poor, High Priest; T. C. Taplin, King; Silas C. French, Scribe ; J. E. Bad- ger, Sec'y ; Levi Boutwell, Treas. ; Gama- liel Washburn, Captain of the Host ; Har- ry Richardson, Principal Sojourner ; Geo. S. Johnson, Royal Arch Captain; M; O. Persons, Master of 3d Veil; Joel Winch, Jr., Master of 2d Veil ; J. P. W. Vincent, Master of 1st Veil ; Henry Crane, Tyler. The Chapter has held its meetings in connection with Aurora Lodge continously since its organization, sharing with it in the expenses of rent. Past High Priests — John Poor, T. C. Taplin, Gamaliel Washburn, Levi Bout- well, C. N. Carpenter, Eli Ballou, Fred. E. Smith, John W. Clark, J. W. F. Wash- burn, James S. Peck. Officers elected April 14, 1881 — Geo. W. Wing, H. P. : Truman C. Phinney, K. ; Geo. Atkins, S. ; Thos. H. Cave, Sec'y : Jas. C. Houghton, Treas.; J. W. F. Washburn, C. of H. : C. Blakely, P. S. ; Thos. L. Wood, R. A. C. : Geo. L. Lane, M. 3d V. ; Geo. Blair, M. 2d V. ; Henry W. Drew, M. ist V. ; Chas. W. Guernsey, Daniel S. Wheatley, Stewards ; Rev. How- ard F. Hill, Chaplain; Wm. A. Briggs, Organist; Isaac M. Wright, T\ler. No. of members, 112. Stated Convoca- tions, Thursday evening of week in which the moon fulls. Annual, April convoca- tion. MoNTPELiER Council, No. 4, Royal AND Select Masters — Chartered Aug. 10, 1855. The first meeting was held June 2>°, 1853, — working under the old charter, — with the following officers : John Poor, Th. 111. G. M. ; T. C. Taplin, R. 111. G. M. ; Samuel L. Adams, 111. G. M. ; Otis Peck, Prin. Cond. ; Joel Winch, Capt. of G. ; Harry Richardson, Marshal ; Gamaliel Washburn, Recorder ; Simeon Eggleston, Tyler. They held meetings until Feb. i, 1855, conferring the degrees on a number of companions. Having complied with a resolution of the Grand Council, surren- dering their old charter, and requesting a new one, the same was granted them, da- ted Aug. 10, 1855. First board of officers elected. — T. C. Taplin, Th. 111. G. M. ; Samuel E. Adams, R. 111. G. M. ; David Roberts, 111. G. M. ; Wm. P. Badger, Treas. ; John E. Badger, Recorder; Gamaliel Washburn, Prin. Cond. ; John W. Hobart, Capt. of the G. ; Wm. Rogers, Marshal ; Henry Crane, Tyler. Past Illustrious Masters — John Poor, one year; T. C. Taplin, nine years; Ga- maliel Washburn, four years ; Truman C. Phinney, who received his eleventh elec- tion April 14th, 1 88 1. Board of officers elected April 14, 1 88 1 . — Truman C. Phinney, Th. 111. M. ; Fred. E. Smith, D. M. ; John W. Clark, P. C. of the W. ; Jas. C. Houghton, Treas. ; 45 354 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Thos. H. Cave, Recorder; Geo. W. Wing, Capt. of the G. ; J. W. F. Washburn, Cond. of the C. ; Rev. H. F. Hill, Chap- lain ; W. A. Briggs, Marshal; Thos. L. Wood, Steward; Isaac M. Wright, Sen- tinel. The Council occupies the same hall in connection with the Lodge and Chapter. No. of members, 70. Regular Assem- blies, Thursday evening in which the moon fulls. Annual in April. Mount Zion Commandery, No. 9, Knights Templar. — Date of charter, March 20, 1873. Charter members, Jon- athan L. Mack, Henry D. Bean, Frank H. Bascom, G. V.C.Eastman, J. Monroe Poland, Jas. W. Brock, Emory Town, C. E. Abbott, A. McGilvary. First Board of Officers.—]. L. Mack, Eminent Commander ; H. D. Bean, Gen- eralissimo; F. H. Bascom, Captain Gen- eral ; G. V. C. Eastman, Prelate; C. E. Abbott, Senior Warden ; A. McGilvary, Junior Warden ; Joel Winch, Treasurer ; J. M. Poland, Recorder; E. Town, Stand- ard Bearer ; L. Bart. Cross, Sword Bearer ; G. W. Tilden, Warder. Officers Elected Dec. 1880.— J. L. Mack, E. C. ; Geo. W. Wing, Generalissimo ; Henry Ferris, Capt. Gen. ; C. Blakely, Prelate; J. S. Batchelder, S. W. ; W. A. Briggs, J. W. ; J, C. Houghton, Treas. ; Geo. Atkins, Recorder; E. L. White, St. B. ; J. C. Cady, Sw. B. ; J. W. F. Wash- burn, Warder; George Blair, istCapt. G. ; J. Henry Jackson, 2d Capt. G. ; M. Man- ning, 3d Capt. G. ; A. McGilvary, Com- missary ; D. S. Wheatley, Sentinel. Jonathan L. Mack has been Eminent ■Commander since the organization. Stated Conclaves, first Thursday in each month; No. of members, 58. Gamaliel Lodge of Perfection, Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite. — Dispen- sation granted Dec. 15th, 1874; chartered Aug. i8th, 1875 ; constituted Sept. i6th, 1875- First Board of Officers. — F. H. Bas- com, 32°, T- P- Grand Master; A. C. Dewey, 32°, Deputy Grand Master; J.W. F. Washburn, 32°, V. S. Grand Warden; M. T. McNeely, 32°, V. J. Grand Warden ; A. N. Pearson, 32°, Grand Orator; M. O. Pingree, 32°, Grand Keeper of the Seals; H. S. Smith, 32°, Grand Treasurer; C.H. Heaton, 32°, Grand Secretary; S. R. Colby, 32°, G. M. of Ceremonies; C. C. Church, 16°, Grand Hospitaler; H. Pat- terson, 14°, Grand Capt. of the G. ; J. A. Paine, 14°, Grand Organist ; C.Clark, 14°, Grand Tyler; H. W. Lyford. 14°, Grand Chaplain. Board of Officers, 1 88 1 . — Rev . Howard F. Hill, 32°, T. P. Gr. Ma.ster; S. R. Colby, 32°, D. Gr. Master; William A. Briggs, 16°, S. Gr. Warden; Geo. W. White, 16°, J. Gr. Warden; Ed. R. Morse, 16°, Gr. Orator; C. H. Heaton, 32°, Gr. Secretary: H. W. Lyford, 14°, Gr. K. of Seals: H. C. Bartlett, 32°, Gr. M. of Cer. ; H. D. Bean, 14°, Gr. Hos- pitaler; Henry Lowe, 16°, Gr. Capt. of the G. ; J.W. F. Washburn, 32°, Gr. Organ- ist; I. M. Wright, 16°, Gr. Tyler. Regular meetings, Tuesday evening of week in which the moon fulls. Place of meeting. Masonic Hall. Mount Calvary Council of Princes OF Jerusalem, Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite. — Chartered Sept. 20, 1880. Board of Officers, 1881.— F. H. Bas- com, 32°, M. E. S. P. G. M. ; J. W. F. Washburn, 32°, G. H. P. D. G. M. ; Chas. H. Heaton, 32°, M. E. S. G. W. ; Geo. W. Wing, 16°, M. E. J. G. W. ; S. R. Colby, 32°, Val. Gr. Treas. ; Wm. A. Briggs, 16°, V. G. S. K. of S. & A. ; Rev. H. F. Hill, 32°, V. G. M. of Cer.; H. S. Smith, 32°, Val. Gr. Almoner ; F. F. Fletcher, 16°, V. Gr. M. of Ent. ; Henry Lowe, 16°, Gr. Tyler. Regular meetings, Tuesday evening of week in which the moon fulls, at Masonic Hall. St. Helena Conclave. — May i, 1875, Frank H. Bascom, 32°, D. D. Intendant General, instituted at Masonic Headquar- ters, Montpelier, the above named conclave of the "Imperial, Ecclesiastical and Mil- itary" Order of the Red Cross of Rome and Constantine, the Invincible Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulchre and the MONTPELIER. 355 Holy Order of St. John the Evangelist. The following officers were elected : Frank H. Bascom, 32°, Montpelier, Most Puissant Sovereign ; J. W. F. Wash- burn, 32°, Montpelier, Viceroy ; George W. Tilden, Barre, Senior General ; E. A. Newcomb, Waterbury, Junior General; J. H. Jackson, Barre, High Prelate ; Albert Dewey, 32°, Montpelier, Recorder; Geo. W. Wing, Montpelier, Treasurer; Horace W. Lyford, Warren, Prefect ; H. O. Hatch, Barre, Standard Bearer; D. A. Gray, Waterbury, Herald ; John C. Cave, 14°, Montpelier, Sentinel. This Chivalric and Christian Order was founded A. D. 313, by Constantine; the Great Roman Emperor. It is the Ancient Knighthood of Europe, and is the most ancient body of Christian Masonry known. It is conferred upon Knights Templaronly in America, and is the ne plus ultra of York Rite Masonry, being conferred upon a select few only. Oct. 3, 1876, Frank H. Bascom, of Montpelier, was appointed Deputy for Vermont, to institute Mt. Sinai Temple of the Ancient Arabic Order of Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. It is conferred only on Knights Templars and 32° and 2,2,° of the A. & A. Rite. Geo. O. Tyler, 33°, of Burlington, was elected ist Grand Potentate, and Charles H. Heaton, 32°, of Montpelier, Grand Re- corder. The present Grand Potentate is A. C. Dewey, 32°, and F. H. Bascom, 32, Grand Recorder. KNIOHTS OF HONOR. Capital Lodge, No. 917. — Organized Feb. 26, 1878. Charter members, J. W. Clark, R. J. Coffey, Orrin Daley. C. H. Farnsworth, Thos. Marvin, H. M.Pierce, Geo. W. Parmenter, T. C. Phinney, Geo. L. Story, D. S. Wheatley, J. B. Wood- ward, Chas. Wells. Regular meetings, first and third Wed- day evenings in each month. Hall in Sabin's Block, Main Street; membership, 44. ODD FELLOWS. Vermont Lodge, No. 2, was instituted May 15, 1845; the charter was granted April 26, of that year. The charter mem- bers were Rev. Eli Ballou, Thos. Poole, James W. Bigelow, Lorenzo Dow, Wm. H. Cottrrill. In 1852 it suspended, and was revived under its present charter, July 24, 1873. Charter Members. ^-K. T. Keith, C. T. Summers, A. D. Lane, Chas. F. Collins, Marble Russell, Geo. Reed, T. C. Bar- rows, G. B. Dodge, O. T. Dodge, L. M. Washburn, A. N. Pearson. The first officers were, A. T. Keith, N. G. ; A. N. Pearson, V. G. ; A. D. Lane, Secretary. The following board of officers were elected July i, 1881 : W. D. Reid, N. G. ; A. W. Ferrin, V. G. ; H. C. Web.ster, Rec. Sec'y. ; C. F. Collins, Per Sec'y. ; D. W. Dudley, Treas. ; C. T. Summers, R. S. N. G. ; Hem;y Whitcomb, L. S. N. G. ; C. W. Guern- sey, R. S. V. G. ; A. Clark, L. S. V. G. ; C. E. Wood, Warden; J. H. Jackson, Conductor; H. E. Slayton, Inside Guard; Chas. O. Foster. Outside Guard ; Charles Ferrin, R. S. S. ; Orville Dewey, L. S. S. ; Rev. H. F. Hill, Chaplain. Hall in Post Office Block, State Street. Brooks Post, No. 13, Grand Army OF THE Republic, was instituted April 28, 1873- Charter Members. — P. P. Pitkin. F. V. Randall, J. S. Peck, J. W. Clark, J. O. Livingston, F. E. Smith, Geo. S. Robin- son, C. B. Wilson, J. M. Poland, N. N. Glazier, A. C. Brown, H. C. Lull, O. Daley, A. G. Bean and Elihu Snow. Present Officers.—^. F. Waterman, Commander; W. E. Lawson, Senior Vice Commander; N. C. Peck, Junior Vice Commander; H. L. Averill, Adjutant; H. M. Pierce, Quarter Master; Geo. W. Colby, Surgeon ; Chas. A. Sanders, Chap- lain ; W. W. Noyes, Officer of the day; J.J. Young, Officer of the Guard ; C. E. Stowe, O. M. Sergeant. The Post meets the first and third 356 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Tuesday evenings in the month at their Hall, on South Main Street. The Post, in a financial point of view, is even with the world. It has assisted many deserving soldiers and their fam- ilies. It has always observed the memo- rial services on Decoration Day in a man- ner highly commendable ; and has been assisted materially by the citizens of the Capital on that day. It has done many deeds of charity, and still has that work to perform, and should receive the aid of all good citizens. Membership, 150. St. John Baptist Benevolent So- ciety. — Incorporated Nov. 23, 1872. The object of the Saint John Baptist Society of Montpelier is to render aid to the members in sickness, and, by the spirit of Christian association, to encourage the practice of the social virtues, and revive among them the sentiments of their na- tionality. To accomplish this end, as honorable as it is useful, the members agree to hold frequent meetings, and to make regular contributions to form a re- serve fund by means of which, in accord- ance with the conditions expressed in the rules of the society, each member will be entitled to a daily but temporary assist- ance. Charter AJet/ibers. — Mitchell Sweet, Eugene Laviolette, John C. White, Joseph N. Goron, Cyprien Peltier, Dieu D. Nev- eaux, Peter St. Rock, Alexander Camp- bell, John Rock, John Doucette, Alex- ander Campbell, Jr., John Jangraw, Ferd La Croix, Seraphine Neveaux, Alexander Jangraw, Humphrey Campbell, John Gag- non, Jesse Cayhue, Louis Greenwood, Frank Greenwood, Frank Lucie, Louis Rodney, David Brown, Leonard Mailhote, Peter Gay, Jerry Gay, Frank Lanier, Marcus Louiselle, Corliss Desaulniers, Edward Rattell. Present Officers, 1881. — President, Al- phonso Shorey ; Vice Pres't, Paul Terieo ; Secretary, Mitchell Sweet ; Treasurer, Seraphine Neveaux ; Marshal, Louis Rod- ney. Membership, 50. members of WASHINGTON COUNTY BAR. BY JOSEPH A. WING, ESQ. The following are now residents at Montpelier: Homer W. Heatox, admitted to the Bar in Washington Co., November term, 1835 ; now aged 70. Joseph A. Wing, admitted to the Bar April term, 1836, and in 1881 is 71 years of age : practiced in Plainfield till June, 1858, and since that time has practiced law at Montpelier. Luther L. Durant, aged 54 years, was admitted to the Bar in Washington County, November term, 1850. Commenced at Waitsfield, June, 1852, went to Water- bury in 1855, 'ii''d came to Montpelier, Nov. 1866. Carlisle J. Gleason, admitted to the Bar in Washington County, September term, 1858. Whitman G. Ferrin, aged 64 years, admitted to the Bar in Lamoille County, 1843, June term ; moved to Montpelier in 1859. Timothy P. Redfield, aged 67 years, admitted to the Bar in Orleans County, June term, 1838 ; practiced in that county till 1848, when he removed to Montpelier. He was elected Judge of the Supreme Court by the Legislature at the October session, 1870, and has been Judge of said Court till the present time. JosiAH O. Livingston, admitted in Lamoille, May term, 1861 ; was in the Army as Adjutant of the 9th Regiment ; moved to Montpelier in 1872. Stephen C. Shurtleff, aged 43 years, admitted to the Bar in Washington Co. March term, 1863; commenced at Plain- field in October, and came to Montpelier, September, 1876. C. H. Heath, aged 52 years, admitted to the Bar in Lamoille County, Dec. 7, 1859; removed to Plainfield in 1859, '^"'^ from there to Monti^elier in 1872. Thomas J. Deavitt, admitted to the Bar in 1867 ; practiced in Moretown, and moved to Montpelier in 1873. oAtvvL^ 4r Ji<^ C-tyy^ MONTPELIER. 357 Hiram A. Huse, a graduate of Albany Law School in May, 1867; admitted in Orange County, removed to Montpelier in 1873, '^"cl ^^'^^ appointed State Librarian in 1873. Benjamin F. Fifield, aged 49 years, admitted to the Bar in Washington Co. in 1859. Hiram Carleton, aged 43 years, ad- mitted to the Bar of Washington County at the September term, 1865 : commenced the practice of law at Waitsfield. in May. 1866, and moved from there to Montpelier in December, 1875. Melville E. Smilie, aged 37 years, admitted to the Bar in Washington County, March term, 1866. He began practice at Waterbury in 1867. and removed to Mont- pelier in 1875 ; was appointed County Clerk in 1876, and has continued clerk to the present time. George W. Wing, aged 38 years, ad- mitted to the Bar of Washington County, March term, 1868. Truman R. Gordon, aged 30 years, admitted to the Bar in Washington Co. September term, 1877; commenced prac- tice in Montpelier in 1878. Henry K. Field, aged 35 years, was admitted to Windham County Court, Sept. term, 187 1 ; removed to Montpelier in 1872. Charles W. Porter, aged 32 years, was admitted to the Bar of Washington County, Sept. term, 1874. Clarence H. Pitkin, aged 32 years, was admitted to the Bar of Washington County, March term, 1872. He is the present State's Attorney of the Count}'. William A. Lord, aged 32 years, was admitted to the Bar of Washington Co. March term, 1876. Rush P. Barrett, aged 26 years, ad- mitted to the Bar of Windsor County, Dec. 7, 1878; removed to Montpelier in May, 1 88 1. Harry G. Dewing, aged 29, admitted to the Bar of Washington County, Sept. term, 1875. Harlan W. Kemp, aged 23 years, ad' mitted to the Bar of Washington County, Sept. 7, 1880. James S. Peck, aged 41 years, was ad- mitted to the Bar of Washington County, Sept. 7, 1866; now Postmaster of Mont- pelier. OsMAN D. Clark, aged 26 years, was admitted to the Bar of Washington Co. March term, 1879. John G. Wing, aged 22 years, was ad- mitted to the Bar of Washington County, Sept. term, 1880. Frank W. Tuttle, aged 21 years, was admitted to the Bar of Washington Co. at the March term, 1881. Henry Oviatt, aged 22 years, admit- ted to Washington County Bar, March term, 1875 ; the present short hand re- porter of the Court. There are many members of the Bar of Washington County who were once resi- dents of Montpelier, who are now living in other States, who are honorable members of the profession, among whom are Hon. Samuel B. Prentiss, of Cleveland, Ohio ; Joseph A. Prentiss, of Winona, Minn. ; C. W. Prentiss, of Cleveland, Ohio, and Chauncey W. Town, of New York city ; J. P. C. Cottrill, of Milwaukee; Daniel G. Thompson, of New York city ; Azel Spald- ing, of Kansas; Chester W. Merrill, of Cincinnati ; Rodney Lund, of Boston ; N. A. Taylor, of Council Bluffs, Iowa ; Still- man Churchill, of Chicago; Jeremiah T. Marston, of Madison, Wis. From the formation of the County of Washington, the bar of the County was noted for men of learning and talent, who have passed away by death. Of those who have died who lived in Montpelier, or had their offices in Montpelier, are the follow- ing, many of whom should have more than a passing notice : Charles Bulkley, Cyrus Ware, Samuel Prentiss, Wm. Upham, Nicholas Baylies, Jeduthan Loomis, Azro Loomis, Lucius B. Peck, Stoddard B. Col- by, Oramel H. Smith, Wm. P. Briggs, Jackson A. Vail, William H. L^pham, Jon- athan P. Miller, D. P. Thompson, George 358 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. R. Thompson, Calvin J. Keith, Samuel B. Prentiss, C. W. Willard, Charles Reed, Charles F. Smith, Ferrand F. Merrill, Timothy Merrill, Thomas Reed, Hezekiah H. Reed, Joshua Y. Vail, J. T. Marston, George B. Manser, Samuel Wells, George W. Bailey, Jr., Samuel W. Chandler. C. D. Swazey, C. D. Harvey, R. S. Boutwell, were in Montpelier in 1865, whether living or not I cannot tell. [Note. — Judge Bulkley is noticed in Berlin and in these pages as the first post- master in Montpelier, and the first lawyer. W^e have been told he was a strong man, of fine talent, and that the house is still standing on Berlin side in which he lived, which is all we have been able to learn about him. ' We would be pleased to learn more, as also ot any and all mentioned, of whom we have not full notice among our biographies to yet follow, which embrace at least twenty or more of the above names. — Ed.] VERMONT BAR ASSOCIATION. This association was formed Oct. 22, 1878, at Montpelier, and organized by the appointment of the following officers : President, Edward J. Phelps, Burling- ton; Vice Presidents, G. W. Harmon, Bennington, Wheelock G. Veazey, Rutland, William E. Johnson, Woodstock, Guy C. Noble, St. Albans, Wm. P. Dillingham, Waterbury ; Secretary, Hiram F. Stevens, St. Albans; Treasurer, Wm. G. Shaw, Burlington. The association numbered about 100 members, and was chartered by the Legislature of 1878, approved Nov. 14, 1878, and duly organized under the charter by the election of the officers above named for one year. At the first annual meeting, at Montpelier, Oct. 28, 1879, the follow- ing officers were elected for the ensuing year: President, L. P. Poland, of St. Johnsbury ; Vice Presidents, George W. Harmon, Bennington, Roswell Farnham, Bradford, John L. Edwards, Newport ; Secretary, Clarence H. Pitkin, Montpelier ; Treasurer, Wm. G. Shaw, Burlington. The 2d annual meeting of the association was held on the 4th Tuesday in October, 1880, when the following officers were ap- pointed : President, Walter C. Dunton, Rutland ; Vice Presidents, Warren C. French, Wood- stock, John Prout, Rutland, Guy C. Noble, St. Albans ; Secretary, Clarence H. Pitkin, Montpelier; Treasurer, Wm. G. Shaw, Burlington. The 3d annual meeting was held on Tuesday, Oct. 25th, 1881, when the fol- lowing officers were elected : President, Daniel Roberts, Burlington ; Vice Presidents, Geo. W. Harmon, Ben- nington, John L. Edwards, Newport, Ros- well Farnham, Bradford; Secretary, Clar- ence H. Pitkin, Montpelier; Treasurer, Chas. W. Porter, Montpelier; Managers, Daniel Roberts, Burlington, W. P. Dil- lingham, Waterbury, John W. Rowell, Randolph, O. E. Butterfield, Wilmington, Henry C. Ide, St. Johnsbury. The association is in a prosperous con- dition, with about 120 members, from all parts of the State, and is of great benefit to the legal profession in the State. THE MEDICAL MEN OF MONTPELIER. BY SUMNER PUTNAM, M. U. Physicians who have lived and practiced in Montpelier within my remembrance or since 1828 : Dr. Edward Lamb was the leading physician in this town for over 40 years. He died at the age of 74, in 1845. Dr. James Spalding, who died in 1858 at the age of 66, was the chief sur- geon here for many years. Dr. J. Y. Dewey had a full practice here from 1825 to 1850, when he became interested in life insurance, and discontin- ued practice. He died in 1877. As these men reached the zenith of their fame, Dr. F. W. Adams of Barton suc- ceeded them, and being a whole team in himself soon acquired fame. If reports were true, he neither feared man, nor the God of his fathers, but was really a kind- hearted man, a good physician and sur- geon. He died in 1859 o'' 60. Dr. Z. P. BuRNHAM practiced here a few years, but about 1840 moved to Low- ell, Mass. Jr> /r't^P^ ^ MONTPELIER. 359 Dr. Ezra Paine was a practitioner here from 1859 to "JT), when he moved to Bos- ton, where he now resides. In 1849, Dr. Chas. Clark moved into Montpelier, and had a large practice in the village and surrounding country until 1865, when his health failed. He died in 1874 at the age of 74 years. Dr. C. M. RuBLEE born in town; died in town 1870. [See sketch in the biogra- phies.] About 1850, Dr. Orrin .Smith of Berlin moved here, and practiced until 1856, when he went to Chicago, and has since died. I have heard many of his former patrons .speak of him with respect. Dr. C. B. Chandler came from Tun- bridge in 1856; died in 1867. He was re- spected by all who knew him. [See sketch in biographies.] About 1850, Dr. T. C. Taplin practiced homoeopathy, and adhered to high dilu- tions, too. Then followed Dr. G. N. Brigham, homoeopathist, who did not always give infinitesimals, and moved to Michigan in 1875. Dr. B. O. Tyler, I think, moved from Worcester to this place and became en- gaged mostly in selling drugs. He died May 20, 1878, at an advanced age. Dr. W. H. H. Richardson moved here about 1858, from E. Montpelier, and prac- ticed successfully till 1867, when he moved to Winona, Minn., to continue practice, and engaged, somewhat, in real estate speculations, but in a few years died suddenly of apoplexy in the prime of life. Since the days of Lamb, Spalding, and Dewey, up to the dates of those at present here, two or three other physicians have practiced here, for a short time, viz : — Dr. G. H. LoOMis, Dr. W. Azel Holmes, Dr. F. A. McDowell, Dr. M. M. Marsh, and Dr. J. H.Jackson. Dr. H. L. Rich- ardson practiced l>ere in 1866, and Dr. Mulligan about 1858 or '59; the latter of whom died here soon after beginning practice. Of the physicians at present in practice here, Dr. C. M. Chandler, son of C. B. Chandler, came here in 1860, but went south as surgeon during the war, and final- ly settled in practice here in the fall of 1865. Dr. S. PuTNAAi, now the oldest physi- cian in town; came here in the spring of 1865, and desiring to establish himself hon- orably, and crowd no one, purchased the residence and '■'■good wiW^ of the late Dr. Chas. Clark, the latter of which purchases he was not fortunate enough to retain, if indeed, he ever received it at all. The same year, 1865, Dr. J. E. Macom- BER, a native of East Montpelier, moved to this place from Worcester. In 1866. Dr. D. G. Kemp succeeded Dr. W. H. H. Richardson in practice. Dr. J. B. Woodward came, I think, from Kansas to this place, about 1870, having formerly practiced in Waterbury, this county. He engaged at first in the drug trade but soon came into practice, which he pursued with avidity until the fall of 1879, when in consequence of a slight wound of 'the finger, received during a surgical operation, cellulites and septicae- mia supervened, sadly terminating in death. About 1876, Dr. H. G. Brigham, hom- oeopathist, succeeded his father G. N. Brigham in practice. ' The Eclectic School of Medicine, so called, (Thompsonians formerly) have been represented here since about 1864 by Dr. J. M. Templeton, and latterly also, by Dr. H. E. Templeton. For more than thirty years Madame Lucy A. Cooke has been consulted here as a clairvoyant physician, her patrons coming from all parts of the country. In the spring of 1880, Dr. W. D. Reid, from Canada West, opened an office here, and about the same time Dr. Geo. E. Ma- LOY began practice in Montpelier. Oct. 29, 188 1. RESIDENT DENTISTS. O. P. Forbush, for some years here ; Richard Newton, partner with Forbush ; Alfred Clark ; H. T. Whitney ; G. E. Hunt opened an office here Oct.. 1879. 36o VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. is compiled from some of their own writings, but principally is original matter, known to no one outside of the author, LEWIS JOSEPH BRIDGMAN. Note to the Reader. — Having been requested to write a brief sketch of the life of the eccentric Lorenzo Dow, for publi- cation in the history of Vermont, I comply with the pressing request, yet at this busy season of commercial business, I can scarcely find the time to do justice to so distinguished a character as the subject of this brief memoir. I know of whom I write. His eccentricities of character may have sometimes made him the subject of ridicule and jest, still he possessed talents of a very high order, that on many occa- sions in forensic discourses have discom- fitted his opponents, and drawn from them the warmest congratulations. He possess- ed in a remarkable degree the idiosyncra- sies of the Dow race ; but all his oddities possessed a point often bordering on the satirical. Like his father before him, he was gifted with a great amount of " handy change," as he used to denominate wit. His memory was also remarkable, border- ing on the marvelous. The memory of Lorenzo being as strong as it is reported, was nevertheless eclipsed by his father, Humphrey Bean Dow, which was so re- tentive, that by hearing any one verse read in any part of the Bible, he would readily repeat the next ; as incredible as this may appear, he was bften put to the test in the presence of the family, when I have been an interested spectator, and I never re- member of any omission. I recollect well when 1 was a boy. Uncle Lorenzo came to visit his sister, (my 364 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. mother,) while we were living in Hard- wick, Vt. One day at dinner we had a new pitcher, made to commemorate some of the events of the war of i8 12-14 with Great Britain. Upon one side of the pitcher was a spread eagle in gilt, with a wreath running around the eagle of chain- work, and in each link of the chain, there being 21 links, were the names of our gen- erals who fouglit during the war. Gen. Brown's name stood at the top. Uncle took up the pitcher, and told the number of battles Gen. Brown had fought, the num- ber of men he had in each action, the killed, wounded and missing : those who fought against him. the number of men killed and taken prisoners : so with each general until he had gone through with the entire number. Then turning the pitcher around to the reverse side, there was a jDicture of a gilt ship under full sail, with the names of the commodores or post captains who took part in the same war, Commodore Rogers' name standing at the top. Uncle gave also the number of naval battles, when and where fought, the number of ships he commanded in each, number of men, how many lost, and how many pris- oners he took, and the minute history and details of each commander. The time taken in relating the battles was some two hours and a half. LORENZO DOW was born of Puritan parents, in Coven- try, Tolland Co., Ct., October i8th, 1777. His parents were born in the same town, from English ancestors. Ulysses, the oldest of the family, studied medicine, but finally devoted his time to teaching in an academy in New London, Ct. He taught the classics, astronomy, surveying, and navigation. He taught the latter to many of the post captains in our young navy, The next in the family was Ethelinda Dow, my mother, who subsequently married Joseph Bridgman, then living in Coventry. Subsequently my parents moved to Hard- wick, Vt., where my brother. Rev. Au- gustus Leroy, and Christiania and the writer of this article were born. The next daughter in my grandfather's family was Orrilana, who while visiting my mother in Hardwick, became acquainted with Mr. Fish, and married him there. The next daughter, Merya, married the son of Gov. Huntington, of Connecticut, and settled first in Georgia. The next was Lorenzo, and the youngest was Tabitha, who, while on a visit to lier sisters in Hard- wick, became acquainted with Capt. Sam- uel French, of that town, and married him. These three sisters marrying in that town, were among the first families to settle in that new country, and their de- scendants have filled offices of trust and profit in various departments of govern- ment and state. The only son of the author of this sketch is pastor of a large and flourishing church in Albany, N. Y., and is the youngest man who ever had the title of Doctor of Divinity conferred on him this country. In younger life, Lorenzo was possessed of a very weak and tender constitution which prevented him from joining in those athletic sports which have a tendency to bring health and strength to the young. His mind at a very early age became re- ligiously impressed with the thoughts of God and the works of Creation ; and the questions he would ask his parents, showed characteristics far beyond his years. A little later, while laboring, in more mature years, under that harrassing disease the asthma, he showed a resignation that was surprising in one so young. He tells us in his autobiography that at the age of 12 years, his hopes of worldly pleasure was greatly blasted by a sudden illness occa- sioned by overheating himself with hard labor, and drinking cold water while in that state, that in subsequent years, would al- most take his breath, from the most excru- ciating pains. About this time his mind became greatly exercised on the subject of his salvation. One night he dreamed that he saw the prophet Nathan in a large as- sembly of people, prophesying many things. 1 got an opportunity, (he says) to ask him how long I should live? The prophet answered, until you are two and twenty. This dream was so imprinted up- on his mind, that it caused many serious and painful hours at intervals. MONTPELIER. 365 When about 13 years and upward, he tells us he was much impressed by the death of John Wesley ( 1 79 1 . ) He dreamed that he saw Wesley, who asked him if he ev- er prayed, he said no, and soon after he met Wesley a second time, who asked him the same question again, and he answered no, when Wesley said you must, and disap- peared. In the same dream, Wesley came once more, and asked the same question, he told him that he had prayed, then said Wesley, "be faithful until death.*' This dream so impressed him, that he broke off from his old companions and began a course of secret prayer which lasted through life. Subsequently his feelings were so aroused by the doctrine of unconditional reprobation and particular election, he be- came nearly deranged. About this time the Methodists came in- to Coventry and began preaching, and he went to hear them. On one occasion, the preacher took for his text "Is there no balm in Gilead? Is tliere no physician there ? " [Here follows a page of a sermon on hell and its pungent effect on a mind la- boring under "election," — we omit. We do not give sermons and the statements seem sufficient. — Ed.] It nearly drove him to commit suicide. The idea that filled his mind was that there was no mercy for him. He at last threw himself on the ground, and cried to the Lord, "I submit; 1 yield! If there be mercy in heaven for me, let me know it ; and if not, let me go down to hell, and know the worst of my case. As these words flowed from my heart," he writes, "I saw the Mediator step in, as it were, be- tween justice and my soul, and these words applied to my soul with great power, 'Son, thy sins, which are many, are forgiven thee ; thy faith hath saved thee ; go in peace.'" From this time on his happiness was complete. Many trials and doubts and conflicting emotions possessed him ; still his firm confidence in the God of hosts carried him triumphantly through all his after tribulations. In the "exemplified experience," at this time, his brother-in-law, Mr. Fish, was so interested that he became a seeker of Christ. Lorenzo often said his greatest desire to live was to obtain a higher degree of holiness here, that he might be happier hereafter. He was a believer to a certain extent in dreams ; he had many, some of which were exact forerunners of what soon after came to pass. A remarkable one occurred as follows : he dreamed he was in a strange house. "As 1 sat by the fire, a messenger came in and said, 'there are three ministers come from England, and in a few minutes will pass by this way." 1 followed him out, and he disap- peared. I ran over a woodpile, and jumped upon a log, to have a fair view of them. Presently three men came over a hill from the west towards me ; tlie foremost dis- mounted ; the other two, one of whom was on a white horse, the other on a reddish one. both with the three horses disap- peared. 1 said to the first, 'Who are you ?' He replied, 'John Wesley,' and walked towards the east. He turned round and looked me in the face, and said 'God has called you to preach the gospel. You have been a long time between hope and fear, but there is a dispensation of the gospel committed to you. Woe unto you if you preach not the gospel.'" His mind having been previously drawn towards a preacher's life, this singular dream decided the contest, and he entered the ministry. He was placed upon a cir- cuit extending into New Hampshire, then a wilderness. Wherever he preached souls were converted. His circuit was enlarged into the State of Vermont. As he became more known, invitations flowed in upon him from all parts. His health was very often broken down on account of the disease brought upon him while a boy, and resulted in the asth- ma to that extent that he either sat up whole nights or slept on the floor. He never took a collection for preach- ing, but sometimes received gifts from in- dividuals. His preaching took hold upon the careless, the blasphemer, and all in a 366 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. remarkable manner. Revivals succeeded revivals all over the territory where he preached. In the town of Brandon, Vt., a rich mer- chant with his niece came some distance to hear him preach, but when they saw how plain the young man looked, their first thought was to go home, but conclud- ed to stay and see the thing out, as they had taken so much pains to get there. After the sermon their consciences ap- peared to be touched, and they were con- strained to cry for mercy. In that place 25 others came out and joined the church. The people said, " Lorenzo has clone some good, by turning the mind of the blasphe- mer, from collecting his debts, to religion, and so we are kept out of jail." His great success was in visiting from house to house, and in making personal appeals to individuals. On many occa- sions he made appointments for preaching 6 months and even 18 months ahead, and always fulfilled them to the minute, even if he had to ride a horse to death to reach the place in time, as it has been the case more than once. In Vermont, in passing through a dense woods one day to fill an appointment, he saw two men chopping wood. He mount- ed on a large stump, and said "Crazy Dow will preach from this stump 6 months from to day, at 2 o'clock, p. m." Six months from that time an immense audi- ence was assembled, and Dow in going to the place saw a man in great distress look- ing for something. Dow encjuired what the matter was. The man replied that he was poor, and that some one had stolen his axe, and that he felt the loss very much. Lorenzo told him if he would go to the meeting he would find his axe. Be- fore getting to the place of service, Dow picked up a stone and put it in his pocket. After the delivery of a powerful sermon, Dow said — " There is a man here who has had his axe stolen, and the thief is here in this audience, and I am going to throw this stone right to his head," — drawing back his hand as though in the act of throwing the stone. One man ducked his head. Dow went up to him and said — " You have g6t this man's axe I" And so he had, and went and brought it and gave it to him. Not to weary the reader, I will give but one more incident here, (of which scores could be authenticated,) to show the re- markable success with which his efforts were blessed. In one of his meetings again in Vt., (Wallingford,) Dow was intro- duced to a man by the name of Solomon Moon, who cavilled at every thing of a re- ligious aspect. Having delivered some re- ligious counsel, with the solemn recjuest that he should seriously reflect upon it, Dow left him to his own reflections. A few days after, in another part of the cir- cuit, some 40 miles from his home, Solo- mon Moon stood up in the lovefeast, and declared how he was caught in a promise, and to ease his mind was necessitated to fulfil it, and within three days found the reality of what he had doubted ; and be- sought others not to be afraid of promising to serve God. Said he — " I bless the day that ever I saw the face of Brother Dow." It was curiosity, as he testified, which first induced him to come out to hear the man who was called Crazy Dow. In this love- feast the cry began again, and continued within two hours of the setting sun. About this time he felt it his duty to visit Ireland, and without money or any of the necessaries for a voyage across the At- lantic. Money and all necessary conve- niences were furnished from friends, many sending gifts of whom he had never heard before. Providence in a very special man- ner on this, and other similar occasions, bountifully supplied his wants. While HI Ireland the Lord blessed his preaching to hundreds of souls. He crossed the ocean 14 times, and traveled extensive- ly through Ireland, England, Scotland, and even to the Continent. On one of his visits to Dublin, he caught the small pox the natural way, and was so far gone with it that it became necessary to sew sheets around him to keep the skin from falling off". For many days his case was pronounced hopeless, but the same merci- ful Providence that watched over him at all times brought him through safely. MONTPELIER 367 While staying with the great Dr. Paul Johnson, of Dublin, this sickness took place, and while there, his only child was born. In remembrance of the Doctor and hij wife, Dow named m_\- youngest sister after the Doctor's wife, " Letitia Johnson" Bridgman, and the youngest son of Mrs. Fish, "Paul Johnson" Fish, after the Doctor. The last voyage made, on his return to America, he brought home many works relating to the Quakers or Friends, and some rare histories relating to the court of St. James, which are now out of print. I recollect well when the books were brought home to our house in Hebron, Ct., there being 2,200 volumes. Dow lays down a few words for reflec- tions, viz. : The "pleasure" of the Lord was the moving cause of creation, love was the moving cause of redemption, and faith is the instrumental cause of salvation ; but sin, man's own act, is the cause of his damnation. The glory of God ovir object, the will of God our law, his spirit our guide, and the Bible our rule, that Heaven may be our end. Hence we must watch and pray, en- dure to the end to receive the crown of life, where there is pleasure without pain forever more. PEGGY HOAKUM DOW, the first wife of Lorenzo, was born in Granville, Mass., 1780, of parents who were strangers to God, although her father was a member of the church of England, and her mother had been raised by parents of the Presbyterian order. Her mother died when she, was 5 months old, leaving behind 2 sons and 4 daughters. "My eldest sister married," says Peggy, "when I was 6 years old, and she prevailed on my father to give me to her, which accordingly he did, and I was carried into the State of New York, and saw his face no more!" Peggy, at a very early age, had serious religious impressions, which lasted for some years, and at last eventuated in a bright Christian hope. But the vicissitudes and changes she passed through in a life so young, caused her to look to her Heav. enly Father for help more than otherwise she might have done. But her whole soul was of a religious cast ; her whole mind ' was filled with the love of her Saviour. She says in one of her letters, "My brother-in-law .... embraced re- ligion, and we were a happy family, . three in number. . . . The preachers made our house their home, and it was my delight tp wait on them." She formed a little class of seven persons, and in their meetings for prayer and praise it was a heaven on earth to their souls. About this time camp-meetings began to be introduced into that part of the country, attended by the conversion of many souls. Says Peggy, in her writings, " there was one about 30 miles from where I then lived, and my brother-in-law at- tended it, where he met with Lorenzo Dow, on his way to Canada, and invited him home to preach at our preaching- house, and sent on the appointment a day or two beforehand, so as to give publicity ; and as he was a singular character, we were very anxious to see and hear him. The day arrived, he came, and the house was crowded, and we had a good time. I was very much afraid of him, as I had heai'd such strange things about him. My brother-in-law invited him to our house, and after several days he came, and little did I think that he had any thoughts of marrying, and in particular that he should make any proposition of the kind to me, but so it was." In conversation with her sister, he enquired how long Peggy had been a Christian, what the character of her company was, and whether she had ever manifested a desire to marry a min- ister. He was answered satisfactorily. Soon after, meeting Peggy, Lorenzo asked her if she would accept such an object as him. She went directly out of the room and made no reply. "As it was the first time he had spoken to me," she writes, " I was ver\' much surprised." The next evening the conversation was renew- ed, when Peggy gave her consent to marry him, and travel with him when it was nec- essary. They were married Sept. 4th. The next morning Lorenzo started off on a preaching tour to New Orleans, in ful- 368 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. filment of a chain of appointments given out six months before, and Peggy never saw him again for i8 months; this chain of appointments was over 4,000 miles. For many years after, she was his con- stant traveling companion. She traveled with him through every state and territory in the United States, and through the British Dominions, sharing in his fatigue, sleeping on the ground in the wilderness, with the open canopy of heaven for a roof, or lodging in the cane-brakes of the South when no house could be reached. All this suffering and deprivation she joy- fully submitted to, believing it was the Lord's will. It seemed that the burning desire of her heart was to know exactly what the Lord would have her do. Peggy writes. May 20, 18 14, they were at Hoboken, a delightful spot of the earth, upon the Jersey side of the river opposite New York, where from the window of the room we occupy we have a grand view of the city. On the other hand the Jersey side presents to view, decorated with all the charms of spring, green trees and shady groves. In June following, the deep trials and conflicts through which she passed began to tell sadly upon her health. peggy'.s last letter to her husband. Dear Lorenzo : — I take my pen again to converse with you, this being the only way we communicate our thoughts to each other, when .separated by rivers and moun- tains, and I esteem it a precious privilege. I have much cause to adore the beneficent hand of Providence for his mercy to usward, although we have our trials, yet he mixes mercy with them. He has of late given me some tokens for good — my heart has been enabled to rejoice in his love in a considerable degree. At a meeting a few nights ago, where Methodists and Presby- terians were united, and there was a union in my heart to all the dear children of my Master, I have felt more strength to say in my heart, "the will of the Lord be done." I think yesterday, my desire to (iod was, if it would be more for His glory for you to return in a few weeks, you might ; if not, so let it be. Go, my Lorenzo, the way yon are assured ike Lord calls, and if we meet no more ixx. this vale of tears, may God pre- pare us to meet in the realms of peace, to range the blest fields on the banks of the river, and sing hallelujah forever and ever. I am very sure if I reach safe the destined port, 1 shall have cause to sing. I trust the Lord who has called you to leave all, will give you a rich reward ; in this woi-ld, precious souls, and in the world to con-^e a crown of glory. I have seen Bro. Tarbox since his return ; nothing has taken place anew. You have been accustomed to similar treatment. Ma\- you have patience and true philanthropy of heart; that is most desirable. You cannot conclude from what I have written, that I would not rejoice to see )ou return, if it would be consistent with the will of God ; but I would desire, above all things, not to be found fighting against him. Your father is as well as we ma}- expect considering his infirmities. My dear Lorenzo, I bid adieu once more. May the Lord return you to your poor Peggy again. I liave written five times before this. Peggy Dow. Jan. 22, i8(8. My uncle was in Europe, expecting to make an extended tour, but by peculiar feelings of his own, and premonitions from friends in Europe in relation to his wife's health, he returned to America one year sooner than he had made arrange- ments for when leaving. Peggy had at- tended a writing-school in his absence, taken a heavy cold, and it had settled on her lungs. She traveled some with her husband after his return, but while in Providence, R. I., he found her one morn- ing in her room weeping ; enquiring the cause, after some hesitation she replied, " The consumption is a flattering disease ; but I shall return back to Hebron, and tell Father Dow that I have come back to die with him ! " She requested her husband not to leave her till she had got better or worse, which request she had never made before under any circumstances. In September the}- returned to Hebron. They never parted but twice after Lorenzo's return from Europe ; once for a night, and once while on business for five days in Boston. She continued to decline until Decem- ber, when one night she woke up and en- quired the day of the month, and being informed, said she was bound by the month of January ; she counted ever}' day until the year expired, and then almost e\ery MONTPELIER. 369 hour until the morning of the fifth, when she asked her husband if he had been to bespeak a coffin for her. She was an- swered in the negative. In the evening she asked if he had called in the neigh- bors. "I answered no," he has recorded, "but Bro. Page and wife came in. which seemed refreshing to her, in whose com- pany she had spent many hours. ■■■ At 2 o'clock that night she requested to have the family called up, which being done, she failed very fast. Being asked if she felt any pain, she replied, " no." As she was dying, Lorenzo held her in his arms, and said, " Lord, thou gavest her to me ! I have held her only as a lent favor for fifteen years, and now I resign her back to Thee until we meet again beyond the swelling flood I "' .She replied with a hearty "Amen,''" and soon expired. By Lorenzo's request she was laid out in the bombazine dress she wore the last time she went to church, and with woolen blankets in the coffin, and was buried 7 feet in depth in the cemetery at Burrows hill, Hebron, Ct. She possessed exquisite sensibility, but affection and condescension. The writer was then a boy, but remembers the cir- cumstances well. The following was put upon her tomb- stone : * * i FEGGYDOW, * * * * • * 'I SHARED THE VICISSn'UDES OF LORENZO * * * * * * FIFTEEN YEARS. * * * * * * And died January 6th. 1820. * * ' * * Aged 39. * * * **:fr******************************** Three months after the decease of his first wife, Lorenzo married his second wife in Montville, Ct., who proved to be the very opposite of his " Peggy" in tem- perament, social qualities, and, in short, everything that goes to make a lady of refinement. Politeness and amiability were wanting in his second wife. Gifted with talents of a high order, educated in the best schools of the country, still she proved that with the highest talents, a person can be a fool. Lorenzo now at this age began to feel the effects of his severe labors and dej^ri- vations. His health began to give wav, the asthma troubled him more than form- erly, and his sufferings from that, and a tumor growing in his side, were at times so painful that it prevented sleep for whole nights together; and during the spasms, his only rest was in standing upright. He now in view of settling his worldly affairs, paid off all obligations on the farm in Montville, it being heavily mortgaged when it came into his hands, through his wife's friends. It consisted of 500 acres, and commanded a large stream of water, on which he had built mills and factories of various kinds, and which were in success- ful operation. He now felt that after his large house and farm buildings were all finished in splendid order, he and his wife could enjoy themselves : and proposed tak- ing a trip to New Orleans, where he had been a number of times before. Once his expenses were paid both ways by the Free- masons ; he having taken all the degrees then known in this country ; and much of his time was devoted to lecturing in lodges for the "good and welfare of the Order." They left in their private carriage with horses and driver. He had had a man to go on some time before them to make ap- pointments for his preaching. Arriving in Georgetown, D. C, he was taken sick. While he lay in distress, he signed a will, giving to her all real and personal proper- ty, together with his present money, some $3000.00, which, had he been in his right mind, she never would have received a dollar of. His disease was short, but pain- ful in the extreme, his end hastened by the bursting of the tumor. He died Feb. 2, 1834, aged 56 years. His funeral was attended by a large concourse of sympathiz- ing friends, some of the principal families of Georgetown and Washington, and many thousand Freemasons, as he was buried under the Order of that body. The whole was a solemn and very imposing cere- mony. 47 37° VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. There has fallen one of the mighty men of his time ; one, who has been the means in the hands of God of the conversion of thousands upon thousands, in this country and in Europe ; and whose name will go down the ages as a good and wise man, when those who have waded through fields of blood and carnage to obtain a throne, will be lost in the vortex of revolution. Owing to the condemnation of Holmead's burial ground in Washington as in the way of sanitary reform, the remains of the dead buried therein had to be removed, and among them those of Lorenzo Dow, the eccentric missionary of the last genera- tion. A Masonic Lodge in Connecticut, his native State, endeavored to secure the privilege of reinterring the remains of their brother in the craft with due ceremonial. The Methodist clergy of Baltimore also took steps to honor the Preacher, but the District clergy got ready first, and reburied Dow on Friday in the Rock Creek Ceme- tery, in a lot given by the banker Corco- ran, who admired hnn as a "prophet" in life. The old tomb at Holmead's bore on a stone slab the following singular inscrip- tion, the last lines of which were dictated by himself: *;|t!)C ******************************** * * * THE REPOSITORY OF * * LORBNZO DOW, * J Who was born in Coventry, Conn., ^ * Oct. i8, 1777. I * Died Feb'y 2, 1834, * I JIE.. B6. % % A Christian is the highest style of man. ^ % He is a slave to no sect; takes no * * private road; but looks through * * nature tip to nature's God. * * • * ******************************* ^:*** The removal of this slab revealed the remains. The skeleton was all preserved, the long snowy beard lay in life-like natu- ralness upon the breast bone, beneath which the vest was in good preservation, and fully buttoned. The right sleeve of the coat was in good condition and the greater part of the pants. The mahogany coffin had almost entirely crumbled, the largest portion not being over 18 inches long. The last words on record, knbwn of Lo- renzo's writing, are : "We must soon part; therefore, as I take leave of you, my request is, to lay aside prejudice, sacrifice sin. sink into the will of (jod, take him for your protector and guide, by attention to the sweet influ- ence of his spirit on the mind, that you may be useful in your day to your fellow- mortals here ; and as an inward and spir- itual worshiper, ascend to God. Thus it may be well with you here and hereafter. "■ A7Heii. Adieu till we meet beyond this life ! "Farewell. " Lorenzo." ['♦ Farewell means to do well."'] Lorenzo Dow had only one child, a daughter, born in Dublin, that died soon after their return to this country, aged five months, and was buried in Georgia. The following anecdotes in a mea.sure illustrate the eccentricities of Dow, and all, with one or two e.xceptions, never be- fore having appeared in print. In my youth my uncle spent much of his time in our family, the members of which have passed away, which gives me the opportu- nity, as being the only one left who was familiar with his habits and life. In the eastern part of the town of Mans- field, on a lofty eminence known as " Meth- odi.st Hill,'" is an old barn, in which were held the first Methodist meetings in the town, aud where Lorenzo Dow is said to have preached his first sermon. That he entered the barn early, and laid down up- on one of the long benches, and feigned sleep. Dressed in tow pants, coatless, and shoes minus the stockings, he would naturally be taken for anything but a min- ister ; therefore as the people began to flock together and as the appointed hour was approaching, they began to try to arouse him, telling him there was to be a meeting but the minister had not come. He jumped up, asked what time it was, and being informed it was meeting time, brushed his hair, entered the pulpit and preached a rousing sermon, after which he a.sked if anv one in the room wanted to be MONTPELIER. 371 prayed for, " If so," said he, "pray for yourselves!" whereupon he took his hat and left. While our family were living on the Dow farm in Hebron, my father had charge of the place, and one hot summer's day we were mowing hay in the bog meadow and it was "rather slim picking." My father composed the following lines in the fore- noon, and when we came up to dinner, he repeated them to Uncle Lorenzo, who, be- ing of a high spirit, did not for some days speak to father : III Hebron town there lies a piece of land, Surrounded by rocks and hills, and ou it water stands ; This meadow lays quite low, and is owned by Lorenzo Dow, And all the grass that on it grows will scarcely keep one cow. There is here and there a spear, and those are very scarce. In fact, there is not so much in bulk, as the beard that grows on his face. Some years before be became so cele- brated, he used to travel principally on horseback ; and as he had to meet his ap- pointments punctually, no matter what the weather might be, he had to go dressed for all weathers. To do this, he had an oil- cloth cloak made something like a bed- quilt, with a hole cut through the middle to put his head through, and the cloak hung in folds around his person, and in a meas- ure protected his horse from the storm. Dressed in this outlandish manner, on one occasion he overtook a heavily loaded team in a stormy day, the driver urging his horses up a steep hill, the roads almost impassable in the deep mud, the driver belaboring the poor beasts with blows and uttering blasphemous oaths, when Lorenzo overtook him. Listening a moment to the man's profanity, he asked him "if he ever prayed?" The driver said no, and would be damned if he ever would. Lorenzo gave him a silver dollar to bind his oath, and made him promise he never would pray, and rode on to the next tavern, about a mile, and put up. In a short time, on came the driver, full gallop, to give the dollar back to the person from whom he had received it, thinking he had sold his soul to the devil, but Lorenzo would not take it back. The thought worked so up- on the man, it eventuated in his conver- sion. While living in Hebron, there was a Mr. Little, a hatter, a man who was very anx- ious to quiz people, and endeavor to get the best of them in his jokes. Meeting Mr. Dow in the street one day, after pass- ing the compliments of the morning, Mr. L. said "I would like to ask you a ques- tion." Lorenzo reiMied " Go on." "Can you tell me how many white beans it takes to make a bushel?" Lorenzo fixed his little keen black eyes on him a moment, and replied, "it takes just as many white beans to make a bushel as it does Littles to make a man." In the same town there lived one of those low, cunning sneaks by the name of Skin- ner, who, like barnacles, attach themselves to any one who will give them a hearing. Meeting Lorenzo one day, as he (Skinner) was going to the grist-mill with his bags of grain on his horse, he riding on the bags, — stopped his horse, and looking di- rectly into Lorenzo's face, said, "Mr. Dow, there are many of my neighbors who would like to know why you wear your hair and beard so long?" L. turned upon him a withering look, and said, "Mr. Skinner, when I was a boy my father used to send me to the mill, and 1 used to go right straight to the mill ; and when my grist was ground, used to return directly home ; never stopped to ask impertinent questions, but always minded my own bus- ine.ss. Good-bye, Mr. S.," and immedi- ately turned his back and walked off. On one occasion he sold a yoke of oxen to Elder Wilcox, a Baptist clergyman, liv- ing in Montville, Ct., for the sum of $65. The Elder worked the cattle very hard, and after a while one of the oxen took sick and died, when he came to Mr. D. repeat- edly for damages in the loss of the ox. It was satisfactorily proved the ox was well when sold. At last, annoyed by the El- der's, insolence, D. threw down his pocket- book, and told him to take out a sum suf- ficient to pay him. He took $65.00, the same as he gave for both oxen, and the El- der kept the well one. Lorenzo wrote a receipt in this fashion, and made him sign 3?: VERiMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. it: "Received of L. Dow sixty-five dol- lars, in full of all demands, from the be- gining to the end of the world." Thus cutting off any further demands against Uow from Wilcox to any amount. Uow's first wife was a very tender heart- ed, amiable. Christian woman ; and he used to teaze and annoy her in many ways for sport, while Peggy would take it all to heart and grieve over it- His second wife, a perfect amazon, with a regular tiger-tem- per, used to rule him with a rod of iron, so much so that Dow had one room finished in his new mansion in Montville expressly for himself, and always carried the key. Over the fireplace he had a gilt hen paint- ed, and over it in large golden letters : " The hen crows here." It was reported that in consequence of his last wife's mother opposing the match, because Dow was a Methodist in belief and her daughter being a Presbyterian, that it became necessary to be married away from home. The arrangement was made that on a certain evening he was to preach in a school-house, and that Lucy Dolbear, his intended, should be present, and at the conclusion of the discourse, at a certain signal, Lucy should get up. When the sermon was ended and the ben- ediction pronounced, Mr. Dow said, "If there is any one here who would like to marry me, they will manifest it by rising." A n^gro woman rose up at the same time his intended did. He took Lucy, and went to Elder Whittlese\'"s, and they were mairied that night. There was a stor} going the rounds of the papers in Vermont of Lorenzo Dow raising the devil. One day while he was at the dinner table at our house in Hard- wick, mother asked him about it. Lorenzo replied that the circumstances were as fol- lows : In traveling through the northern part of Vermont, he was belated one night in a blinding snow-storm. He went for the only light he could discover, _ and found it came from a small log-house. After repeated knockings at the door, a woman opened it. He asked accommoda- tions for the night. She said her husband was gone, and she could not possibly ac- commodate a stranger. But he plead with so much earnestness, she concluded to take him in. He immediately went to bed, without removing his clothing, in a little corner, separated off from the room where the family lived by a partition of rough boards, with cracks between, cov- ered with paper pasted over, which was torn oft' in many places, and anything going on in the opposite room could be easily .seen. It soon appeared this woman was not alone, but had a paramour. Late in the night on came her husband, drunk, as usual, and demanded admittance, hal- looing and cursing at the top of his voice, his wife all the while trying to stop him, but before opening the door, she secreted her pal in a cask of tow in the room. When admitting her husband, she tried to silence him by telling him that Lorenzo Dow was in the other room, and if he was not still he would wake him up. Well, says the husband, I understand he can raise the devil, and now he has got to do it. Notwithstanding all the appeals of his wife, the husband pounded on the door, calling on Dow to come out. At last Dow- pretended to be roused out of a sound sleep, (although he had been awake all the time) ; rubbing his eyes and yawning, he came out. The man insisted on Dow"s raising the devil, and would not take 110 for an answer. Well, if you insist on it, said Dow, I will do it, but when he comes, it will be in aflame of fire, and you must set the doors wide open, so he will have plenty of room. The man opened his door, and Dow, taking the candle, touched the tow in the cask. In an in- stant the cask was wrapped in flame, and the man inside jumping out, all on fire, ran up the street like the very devil, all of a light blaze, tearing through the snow at the rate of 2 : 40. The husband was so frightened, for once it made a sober man of him. When I was g years old, my parents moved to Connecticut, and Uncle Lorenzo journeyed with us. At one of our stopping places he was called on to preach. It was about 4 p. .M. In a few minutes they had in the hotel where we stopped a congrega- MONTPELIER. 373 tion of some 300 persons. In the course of the sermon, he pointed to a young man present, and said, "How came you to steal that sheep, and dress and have it cooked? Do you think it tasted any better than if you had gone to work, earned the money, and paid for it like an honest man ? " After the sermon, my sister Christiania asked him what lie meant by being so personal, and making such a di- rect accusation of stealing, when he never was in that town before, and knew no one present ; that, having made a charge, if he could not sustain it, would go hard with him. Uncle Lorenzo replied he felt in- tensely impressed in a very peculiar man- ner to say what he did, so much so that he could not stop until he had made the charge. It was soon told us by the land- lord that two years before, that man stole a sheep, had it cooked, and eaten in his own family. He was sued, but his father settled it so it did not go into court. The reader may analyze this, whether there were any spiritual manifestations. The next night we put up at another inn, and as my uncle entered the house, he met an old acquaintance, a Deacon in a Congregational church there. The Dea- con was in the act of shaving. Seeing our party, he said — "Mr. Dow, do you ever shave .^" Uncle L. said, "1 shave a Con- gregatioiial Deacon once in a while.'' On the farm that Lorenzo owned in Montville, Ct., there was a dam at the out- let of a large pond. Below on the stream my uncle owned some mills, and below these was a large cotton factory, owned by one of his neighbors, employing a large number of operatives. In the night his neighbor would go and open the gate, and let the water out of the pond to run certain machinery. The next day there was not water enough to run his own mill. The result was L. D. went and had a gate made of boiler-iron, and spiked down so the man of the factory could not open it. He then raised his dam to the height of 25 feet, keeping back the water for months. His neighbor wanted water to run his fac- tory, while Dow closed his mills up for re- pairs. The result was his neighbor sued him, and beat him. Dow carried up the case to the next court, and got beat there. He then carried the case to the court of last resort, and got beat again. Then Dow took his hired man, and opened the gate. The three months of water accumulated, the pressure upon the gate was immense ; the stream poured forth in a torrent. Says Dow to the man, "He wants water; give him more. Hoist the gate higher," and, looking on the rushing stream, said, " my neighbor wants water, and water he shall have. Take the gate out." The impet- uous current did more damage to tlie cot- ton factory than three months' laying still for the want of water. This was the basis of that work pub- lished by Dow, entitled "Fresh Water Law, or Twenty-nine Reasons why a man cannot control the water on his own land." Lorenzo Dow was once preaching in the State of Ohio, and having unusual freedom of thought and delivery, the congregation was thrilled with admiration and delight. When the interest was at its height, he suddenl}- stepped down from the desk, and deliberately walked to another part of the room and pointing his long, sarcastic fin- ger at a person to whom he was a total stranger, and fijcing on him his searching eyes, addressed him thus : — " 1 niean/(7« .' Yes, you! who ran away from Connecticut between two days to avoid pa3ing your honest debts ; and more than this, you per- secuted and abused your wife because she was endeavoring to seek religion ! Aint you as/iat/ied of yourself /^' The poor fel- low looked as though annihilation would be the highest boon. Dow returned to the desk and resumed the thread of his dis- course, and by his wonderful tact and mag- netism raised the congregation to the same summit of interest as before. After the benediction was pronounced, the people, who knew nothing of the man's antece- dents, instituted searching inquiry into the man's history and found that Dow's charg- es were true to the very letter. On another occasion while preaching in a grove, a young ma'n commenced rattling some boards at no great distance from the preacher's stand. The speaker cautioned 374 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. him very mildly at first, but every little while he would renew the mischief. At length Dow cast on him a serious look, remarking : — " Those boards will make your coffin.'' The young man died in a few weeks, and the carpenter not thinking of Dow's remark made use of the very identical boards. These are but specimens of what occurred along the history of his life. He was once holding forth in a place in a very powerful manner, and all at once he paused in his discourse, and very deliber- ately made the remark: "There is a man present, who has been considered a very respectable person, but he is guilty of hug- ging and kissing another man's wife. Both parties are present. The man has a white feather on his head ; and the woman blushes deeply." In an instant a man reached his hand to his head, and Dow pointing to him said, " Thou art the man.'' And pointing to the woman, whose cheeks were scarlet, said, "Thou art the woman." Subsequent developments showed that Dow's arrows hit the mark. At another time, while preaching in Mississippi, some rowdies were thrusting a knife into a beautiful beaver hat of his, at some distance from the stand. He turned to them and addressed them thus : — The laws of society condemn you ; the laws of your country condemn you ; moreover the laws of God condemn you. The word condemned means damned, ist. You are villains. 2d. You are condemned villains, that is you are damned villains. 3d. God condemns you by His law ; that is He damns you. Hence, you are God da»ined villains ! THE VERMONT UIBLE SOCIETY Had its organization at the capital. The first meeting was held at the hall of the Academy, Oct. 28, 1812. Hon. Wm. C. Harrington, mod., Jeduthan Loomis, clerk. Rev. Chester Wright preached the opening sermon, and before the meeting dissolved 88 persons had become members, and $323.75 raised. First officers : Charles Marsh, preset. Gen. Abner Forbes, treas., Wm. Page, sec'v. METHODISM IN MONTPELIER. BY REV. J. R. BAKTLETT. The history of the Methodist Church in Montpelier extends to the earliest associa- tions of Methodism in Vermont. Various accounts have been given of the introduction of Methodism into Vermont, some of which are only matters of tradi- tion and probably incorrect. It is now known that the first Methodist preacher sent to Vermont by the authorized voice of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and who accepted and worked under the ap- pointment, was Nicholas Snethen, who at the Conference held at Thompson, Conn., convened Sept. 20, 1796, was " read off " as the appointee to " Vershire circuit." This was an entirely new field for Meth- odistic preaching, and Mr. Snethen prob- ably went to his appointment with no def- inite knowledge of the existence of any Methodist families in Vermont except one in Vershire, one in Bradford, and perhaps a few others in the extended territory which comprised the " circuit." " Vershire circuit reached," as the re- cords state, "from the towns near the Connecticut river to Montpelier." These boundaries are somewhat indefinite, but were as accurate, perhaps, as any in the early days of Methodism, when bounding the parish of a Methodist preacher. Jesse Lee, the pioneer of Methodism in New England, was Presiding Elder, and in his journal makes reference to Vershire circuit in these words: "Many of the places where we preached in that circuit were quite new settlements ; the houses were very small, and but scattered through the country. The preachers had to en- counter many difficulties and to endure many hardships. But one thing which made up for all the difficulties was this, the people were fond of attending meeting by day or by night, and were very kind to the preachers ; and best of all was, sin- ners were awakened, and in a little time some of them became the happy subjects of the favor of God, and were zealously en- gaged in trying to help forward the work of the Lord as far as thev could. Since MONTPELIER. 375 then we have prospered considerably in this new part of the country." The fragmentary records which are the only means of information now extant, give conclusive evidence that Montpelier was thus visited by the earl}- itinerant preach- ers, and that it immediately became an ap- pointment for stated and regular preach- ing. It is probable, however, that such preaching was only at intervals of consid- erable extent in point of time, and that the meetings were small as regards the num- ber in attendance, being held in dwellings, or possibl}' in school-houses where they existed and could be obtained for the pur- pose. Arminian theology was then re- garded as an interloper, and met with its opposing creeds of Calvinistic dogmas on the one hand and extreme Liberalism on the other, as its vital and untiring dispu- tants. D. P. Thompson's History of Montpe- lier speaks of " A great public meeting" for a doctrinal debate," held in Montpelier during the summer of 1799, in which a "Rev. Mr. Mitchell, of some other part of the State," appeared "on the part of the Methodists." Doubtless this was Joseph Mitchell, the preacher on the "Vergennes circuit" in that year. Mr. Mitchell was never an appointee on any circuit which included Montpelier, but was a man of untiring energy, great intel- lectual power and unceasing labors in his calling as a preacher, and it is recorded of him that he traveled at the rate of nearly 6,000 miles a year while on the Vergennes circuit. His appearance in Montpelier at this time would seem to indicate either that he was an occasional visitor and preacher here, although not on his stated circuit, or that he was brought forward to champion the doctrines of the Methodist Episcopal Church by the friends of the same. It is not improbable that Montpelier may have been occasionally visited by the preachers of Vergennes circuit, as well as by those of Vershire circuit, of which it was a part, for the early Methodist preacher had a habit of making himself heard, and of feeling very much at home wherever, and under whatever circumstances he could find a congregation, and in view of the common sympathy and purpose among the early preachers, especially, it is pre- sumable that no exclusive right of territory was thought of by any circuit preacher. Lorenzo Dow, famed for his eccentric- ities of life and speech, and an able though irregular worker in the early itinerancy, is also known to have been an occasional preacher at Montpelier, but was never an appointee on any circuit which included the town in its jurisdiction. So of others whose names are not in the list of Meth- odist preachers included in this sketch, but who may be remembered, or perhaps recorded, as having engaged in the work to a greater or less extent. The preachers who succeeded Mr. Snethen upon Vershire circuit while Mont- pelier continued within its bounds, were, in 1797, Ralph Williston ; in 1798, Joseph Crawford; in 1799, Mr. Crawford again, with Elijah Chichester as his colleague ; in 1800, Thomas Dewe} ; in 1801, Truman Bishop and Thomas Branch; in 1802, Solomon Langdon and Paul Dustin ; in 1803, Samuel Draper and Oliver Beale. The dates above given indicate the "Con- ference year," commencing with the an- nual session in the summer of the year named, and continuing to the following session. In 1804, the circuit was divided, and Montpelier became a part of the new " Barre circuit," which included the fol- lowing within its jurisdiction : Barre, Plainfield, Middlesex, Montpelier, North- field, Williamstown, Washington, Berlin, and Orange. It is uncertain whether Moretown and Waitsfield were in the cir- cuit at this time, or were added subse- quently ; but eventually they were so in- cluded, as well as other towns. There are 257 names upon the oldest list of members now to be found, and which seems to include the entire circuit as it existed in 1804. Of this number it is difficult to decide how many were residents of Montpelier, as the Montpelier membership is not grouped as in some of the other towns, but it seems to be not more than six or eisht. 376 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. There was, however, a "class" organ- ization, and it was represented in the re- ported "collections'" ate ach quarterly meeting of the circuit, the amounts vary- ing in these early reports from 35 cents to ;iP8.54, the. last named being the report on Apr. 19, 1806, at the last quarterly meet- ing in the Conference year. July 23, 1808, collections from two classes in Montpelier were reported, indi- cating that another class was formed about this time, subsequent reports showing the continuation of this arrangement. The first receipt of "public money" reported from Montpelier was at a quarterly meet- ing held at Plainfield, October 16, 1807, the amount being $1.60. The name of the first class leader was Ansel Patterson, who afterwards removed to Barre, and was eventually expelled from membership. The number in society as reported to the annual Conference of 1812 was 330 upon the circuit, and of this number 25 were in the two classes in Montpelier, David Harris and Elias Kingsley being the leaders, and having thirteen and twelve in their respective classes, and three "on trial" in the class of Mr. Kingsley. The records are very meagre during these in- tervening years, but there is evidence of a steady growth in numbers and increase of influence for the church in the community. Aug. 5, 1820, the quarterly meeting was held in Montpelier, being the first on record as held in this town. It is not cer- tain, however, that quarterly meetings were now held here for the first time, as some of the records in former years are in- complete, and it is obvious that such meet- ings were held, of which no record is now extant, or at least known to exist. The record of this meeting is very meagre, being only a statement of the time and place and the amount of the collections and disbursements as follows : (2uarterly meetings held at Montpelier, for Barre circuit, August 5, 1820. Public collection, $8.62. Paid Ella Dunam expense, 6.00 Squire B. Harskell do. 2.62 $8.62 This brief record is suggestive, however, of a meeting which was probably one of impressive and solemn interest in the com- munity. A Methodist " quarterly meet- ing" in 1820 was likely to be an event of great local interest. Barre circuit com- prised at this time some twelve or more towns within its bounds, and, in accord- ance with the custom in these olden times, there would be likely to be in attendance at the quarterly meeting some from every preaching station on the circuit, and a general attendance of the members and friends of the Methodist Church in towns convenient of access to the place of meet- ing. It is, therefore, probable that this meeting was one of considerable local im- portance. Mr. Henry Nutt remembers the occasion, and that the meeting was held in the grove at the "Centre," and very largely attended by the people from all adjoining and some other towns. Rev. Elihu Scott, who is now living in Hampton, N. H., writes: In June, 1825, I received my first ap- pointment in the New England Confer- ence, on old Barre circuit, Vermont, one of the oldest and best at that time in the State. John Lord was preacher in charge, David Leslie second, E. Scott third ; and because we had not help enough, we took on Horace Spaulding for the fourth, (a school teacher and local preacher of good abilities.) The following is a list of the towns then embraced in the circuit — a name that meant something in those days — namely : Barre, Montpelier, Calais, Plainfield, Marshfield, Orange, Washing- ton, Williamstown, Brookfield, Randolph, Bethel, Roxbury, Northfield and Berlin. I think we had preaching every Sabbath only in Barre ; in a few other places once in two weeks, in others once in four weeks, and in others once in eight weeks. But with lectures, as we then called them — that is, preaching on week days, afternoon or evening, in all our outlying neighbor- hoods where we had classes, four or five times a week three weeks out of four, sum- mer and winter, in jjrivate houses or school-houses, and visiting all our mem- bers frequently, we found plenty of hard work to keep us out of idleness and mis- chief. Previous to 1826, the Methodists had no church, but during this year one was built by them at the Centre of the town, in which meetings were then held alternatelv MONTPELIER. 377 with services in the old State House in the village. At the first quarterly meet- ing held in the church, Wilbur Fisk preach- ed upon the theme of " endless misery" — a memorable sermon, which was much discussed in the community. In 1828, Montpelier was made a station, and thenceforward lost its identity with Barre circuit, but gained one of its own. The appointments of preachers for Barre circuit from its formation to this time, (all of whom were of course regular visitors to Montpelier at stated appointments,) were as follows: In 1804, Oliver Beale ; 1805, Elijah Hedding and Daniel Young; 1806, Philip Munger and Jonathan Chaney ; 1807, Sam'l Thompson and Eleazer Wells ; 1808, Solomon Sias ; 1809, Warren Ban- ister and George Gary; 1810, Eliazer Wells and Squire Streeter; 181 1, Nathan- iel Sternes and John Jewett ; 1812, Eb- enezer F. Newell and Joseph Dennett ; 1813 and '14, David Kilburn, Jason Walk- er being his colleague in '14 ; 1815 and '16, Joel Steele, Thomas C. Pierce being a colleague in '16; 181 7 and '18, Leonard Frost; i8ig, Thomas C. Pierce; 1820, Squire B. Haskell and Ella Dunham ; 182 1, John F. Adams and Abraham Holway ; 1822, J. F. Adams, D. Leslie; 1823, Sam- uel Norris and Haskell Wheelock ; 1824, D. Kilburn, H. Wheelock and A. H. Houghton; 1825, John Lord, D. Leslie and Elihu Scott; 1826, A. D. Merrill and J. Templeton; 1827, J. B. White, E. Jordan and R. L. Hai-vey. There had also appeared among the Methodist preachers in the town the fol- lowing men who had occupied the office of presiding elder upon the district of which Barre circuit was a part : Jesse Lee, George Pickering, Shadrack Bostwick, John Brodhead, Joseph Crawford, Elijah Sabin, Thomas Branch, Eleazer Wells, Joseph A. Merrill, John Lindsley, John G. Dow, Wilbur Fisk. Among these names that of Wilbur Fisk is not the least prominent, and to the present generation is a household name in memory of a man who made his impress in society as but few men are able to do. The sermon of Mr. Fisk before the Ver- 48 mont Legislature of 1826 is now preserved, having been printed in pamphlet form. Mr. Fisk has been called the " founder of Methodism in Montpelier," but although his influence was of great value to Meth- odism in Montpelier, his work was inci- dental to its history rather than the found- ation of it. He was a strong man in the denomination, and doubtless exercised an influence which served in a great measure to dispel the opposition and the prejudices which had met the early efforts of Meth- odists to secure an acknowledged right to worship God according to the dictates of their consciences, and the preferences of their religious tastes. [For Presiding Elder Fisk, see Windham County vol., (follow- ing Washington County papers,) of which County he was a native — Ed.] It is also probable that this growing strength in the society gave encouragement to the local interests to such an extent as to bring about the independent existence of " Mont- pelier station," and thus secure a resident pastor who could give his entire attention to the interests of the church in Mont- pelier. So it came about that at the annual con- ference, held at Lynn, Mass., (this terri- tory being then comprised in "the New England Conference,") and commencing July 23, 1828, Barre circuit was again di- vided, (having lost " Brookfield circuit" in 1826,) and "Montpelier station" be- came an appointment. John Lord was presiding elder of the district, and JohnG. Dow the stationed preacher. The first quarterly meeting was held at the church "(at the Center) Sept. 20 and 21, 1828. Regular meetings had been held up to this time, but the " quarterly meeting " now convened for the first time on the station, and as there was but one steward under the circuit arrangement, it became necessary to choose others ; the completed board was as follows : Stephen Sanborn, Daniel Culver, Samuel Upham, Cyrenus G. Kelton, (Recording Steward,) and Henry Nutt. At a subsequent meet- ing the board of trustees was increased to five, and then comprised Salvenus Morse, John Stevens, James Arbuckle, Daniel 378 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Culver and Henry Nutt ; and the member- ship was comprised in seven classes, as follows: I, Henry Nutt leader, 13 mem- bers ; 2, Elias Wakefield leader, 9 mem- bers and two on trial ; 3, Cyrenus G. Kel- ton leader, 16 members ; 4, Goodyear Bassett local preacher and leader, 16 mem- bers and one on trial ; 5, James Arbuckle leader, 7 members and 5 on trial ; 6, Dan- iel W. Fox leader, 20 members ; 7, Nathan Howard leader, 13 members; total, - 105 members and 8 on trial. The financial exhibit for this first year is as follows : Collections for this year's avails of subscription papers, $204 ; private donations, $15 ; ministerial or public money, $62 ; quarterly collections, $49 ; total, jf330. Disbursements, Paid Rev. J. G. Dow for traveling expenses, $10; for house rent, $70; fuel, $15 ; table expenses, $85 ; quar- terage, $140; paid Rev. John Lord, P.E., $10; total, $330. An interesting relic of the time here written of is an original "class paper," now in a good state of preservation, al- though yellow with age, and carrying an inscription of faded writing, but still very legible, as follows : pontpclicr (flass |!a]pfcr.---^o. 1. HENRY NUTT, Leader. John G. Dow, S. P. Rev. John Lord, P. E. Remember and observe the Quarterly Fast. See Discipline. Keep yourselves in the love of God. —Bible. Made April 15th, 1829. The original size of the above when folded is 5^x2^ inches, and when unfold- ed, it is twelve times as large, and con- tains the names of the members of the class indicated, with lines and spaces to record their state in life, (married, single or widowed,) their state in the church, (full membership or on trial,) and their attendance or non-attendance at class meetings. The church records, although merely incidental of the routine business during the next 6 years, indicate a general state of prosperity and a healthy growth in the membership. John G. Dow was again appointed preacher in charge in 1829, with Eleazer Wells presiding elder. James Templeton was the preacher in '30 and '31 ; Ezra Sprague, '32 ; John Currier ii^'SS i (Josiah A. Scarrit, presiding elder,) and Elihu Scott the preacher in '34. At this time there was under agitation a pro- ject to build a Methodist church in the village, the meetings having been held in the old Court House up to this time. The following record is still preserved, apparently upon the original paper where it was written : MoNTPELiER, Feb. 12, 1834. According to previous notice given, a meeting was called for the purpose of tak- ing into consideration the expediency of building a Methodist meeting-house. On motion, Hon. Cyrus Ware was called to the chair, and E. H. Washburn was appointed secretary. On motion, a committee was appointed consisting of three, to be denominated a Methodist meeting-house committee. Lu- ther Cross, Samuel Upham, Jonathan M. Snow, comprise this committee, whose duty it shall be to find a site on which to build said house, and any other business belonging to the subject. . On motion, the meeting was adjourned to meet at the State House, on the 24th instant, at 6 o'clock p. m. E. H. Wasubviin, Sfcre/ary. Feb. 24, 1834. Met pursuant to adjournment, Hon. C. Ware in the chair, and J. M. Snow, sec- retary _^r^ ^em. On motion, the question was tried rel- ative to the site belonging to Mr. Jewett. On motion, Col. J. P. Miller was added to the committee above raised, and also Mr. James Arbuckle and Mr. Nahum. On motion, the meeting was adjourned to the loth of March. E. H. Washburn, Secretary. March loth, 1834. On motion of Hon. C. Ware, Smith Sherman was called to the chair. On motion, said meeting agreed to build on the Keith site. On motion, adjourned to meet on the 24th instant. E. H. Washburn, Secretary. MoNTPELiER, March 24, 1834. Met pursuant to adjournment after read- ing the notice published in the news- papers. Hon. C. Ware called to the chair. Trustees : Cyrenus Morse, Sam- MONTPELIER. 379 uel Upham, Jr., Christopher C. Wing, A. D. H. Cadwell, James Arbuckle ; Meth- odist meeting-house committee : C. C. Wing, J. M. Snow, Wm. B. Hubbard. 4th. To act on draft for a constitution for said society. Constitution adopted. Plan A, for a meeting-house adopted. On motion, the meeting was adjourned four weeks. E. H. Washburn, Sec. No further record of this movement is preserved, and the project seems to have waited development for the time being. The earliest records of the Sunday-school are July, 1835; one superintendent, 5 teachers, 48 scholars ; 75 vols, in the li- brary. It seems probable that there was a Sunday-school organization some years earlier, and it is also probable that the or- ganization has been continued ever since. Aug. 31, 1836, the New Hampshire and Vermont Conference commenced its sev- enth annual session in Montpelier, under the presidency of Bishop Elijah Hedding. It must have been with peculiar feelings of gratitude to God, that Bishop Hedding now looked upon the assembling of this conference. In 1805, he had been a preacher on Barre circuit, and had occa- sionally visited and preached in Mont- pelier. In 1824, he was elected and ordained Bishop, and in 1830, had presided over the first session of the New Hampshire and Vermont Conference at Barre, and now in the course of his official duties, came to preside over the session to be held in Montpelier. The number of members in the church in Montpelier at this time was 453. The sessions of the conference were held in the "Brick Church," (Con- gregational.) It is remembered that John Brodhead was also present among other visitors. Following this conference the building enterprise assumed definite form. Daniel Baldwin was made chairman of the building committee, and eventually bore the burden of carrying the church to completion. His financial account of receipts and expenditures amounting to $3,176.15, paid into his hands and fully accounted for, was rendered to the stew- ards under date of 1840. The deed of the land was given by Rawsel R. Keith to the stewards of the Methodist Episcopal Church, the consid- ation being named as $500, and the lot being described as "situated on the north- erly side of the road leading from William Manny's to the State House ; " as bounded by lands belonging to Keith and Blaisdell, and the road, having 4 rods width and being 8 rods in length from the road to the rear boundary line. This deed was made and attested Dec. 16, 1836, and recorded Jan. 19, 1837. The deed was given, to quote its language, "upon the especial trust and confidence that they shall erect and build thereon a house or place of re- ligious worship for the use of the members of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Montpelier according to the rules and dis- cipline which from time to time may be agreed upon by the ministers and preachers by said church at their general conference in the United States of America," and men- tioning further expectation that the prop- erty should remain in the control of the said church under its disciplinary rules. Some 33 years later, Nov. 8, 1869, the title was made absolute by the execution of another deed by which for a consider- ation of $100, Mr. Keith quit-claimed to the stewards of said church all right and title to the same piece of land, indicating that when it became necessary to make a change in the church property, it was found that doubt existed as to the right of the church to dispose of the same under the original title. This illustrates the truth that not only mice but men also sometimes overlook the means of egress, when deeply intent in improving the op- portunity of ingress upon a desired pos- session. The church was dedicated Nov. 19, 1837, and the sermon preached by Rev. S. Kelley, pastor. In 1838 the church in Montpelier village was made a station by itself, with 99 names upon its roll of mem- bership. The first quarterly meeting held in the church at Montpelier village was Apr. 7, 1838, and after this time usually occurred at this place. In 1837, Middlesex charge 38o VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. was united with Montpelier for the time being, and two preachers were appointed to the work. In 1839, East Montpelier was annexed in like manner, but in each instance the arrangement was only for the current year. During these years and the following there was a steady growth in the membership of the church, with occasional revival of religion. In 1858, the Vermont Annual Conference, (organized in 1844,) held its fourteenth session in Montpelier, Bishop Osman C. Baker presiding. The conference convened May 13th. In 1866, the 22d session of the Vermont Annual Conference was held in Mont- pelier, convening April 19, with Bishop Matthew Simpson presiding. This was the centennial year of American Metho- dism, dating from its introduction in 1766, and great interest attached to the observa- tion of proper demonstrations to commem- orate such an occasion of congratulation. On Friday evening, April 20, a " centenary meeting" was held, at which Gov. Dilling- ham presided, Rev. H. Eastman read a poem suited to the occasion, and Rev. G. C. Bancroft delivered an address. The Sabbath services were particularly interest- ing. Bishop Simpson preaching at the Congregational Church in the forenoon, and the other services in the several churches being conducted by other vis- itors and by members of the conference. Sept. 21, 1868, it was voted by the leaders and stewards' meeting, (official board, improperly so called,) " to build a new house of worship," and the necessary measures were taken in due time to dis- pose of the church property then held by the society, and to procure the land and erect the church edifice now owned by this society. Like other church enter- prises ot this character, this involved years of toil and sacrifice on the part of the people, and corresponding labor and sac- rifice by the pastors who found their lot cast with this society during the several following years. It is not within the prov- ince of this article to relate the details of the effort to erect this new house of wor- ship, but to record its completion for dedication on Nov. 24, 1874, Rev. W. R. Clark, D. D., of the New England Con- ference, being the preacher of the dedica- tory sermon. Among the material encouragements in the undertaking was the donation of the mas.sive bell by Col. H. C. Nutt, at about $1,500 cost, and which was made a " me- morial gift" in the name of two sisters deceased, and whose names are cast in an inscription on the bell, as follows : IN MEMORY OF MY SISTERS, FANNY AND ASENATH H. C. NUTT, Trinity M. E. Church, Montpelier, Vt., 1872. [Fanny W. Nutt was born in Mont- pelier, March 2d, 1836; united with the Methodist Church in this village in 1854; married Chas. H. Tenney, M. D., Nov. 25, 1862, and died Nov. 8, 1864. Dr. Tenney, who was Assistant Superintendent of the Vt. Insane Asylum, died in Brattleboro, April 27, 1874. Two poems from her pen appear in "The Poets and Poetry of Ver- mont," one of which attracted very pleas- ant notice : THE TWO CROWNS. Over ocean's deep blue waters. In a home of royal pride, Is a darliiiK little baby. Known througliout the world so wide. I suppose that he Is winning. Just as other babies are ; Laughing eyes and dimpled shoulders, Brow as polished marble fair; Robes of costliest lace aud rausUn, Showing forth his baby charms- Strings of purest diamonds flashing From his rosy neck and arms. Tended by a score of servants. Feeding from a golden bowl — Worshipped by a mighty nation — Whence this homage of the whole? MONTPELIER. 381 Ah I adown tlie misty future They can see that baby brow, Seamed by many a care-worn furrow — Not as fresh and fair as now; Robbed of all the golden ringlets That his beauty now enhance; Wearing, as to hide its wrinkles. The Imperial Crown of France. 'Neath our roof-tree fondly nestles Just the dearest little thing. That within an earth-hon;e ever Folded up its tiny wing. Eyes of blue, and golden tresses Waving 'round a brow of light, Looks she like a little cherub In her flowing robes of white; With no ornaments we deck her But the charms that nature gives, Save a pair of golden arrows, Looping up her little sleeves. At her birth no bells were pealing, Save the bells of silent joy ; At her feet bows no proud nation As before the Emperor's boy. But, I've often heard at twilight Angel feet come tripping in: Bending o'er her midnight slumbers, Often angel forms have seen ; And I almost hear them tell her That a crown of glory bright Waits to bind our baby's forehead In the blessed world of light. The interest in wliich is not diminished, but rather enhanced, now the fair, dear author sleeps in Green Mount Cemetery, and the pure young Prince has won the martyrdom of tlie brave by the barbaric Abyssinian spear. Touching sequel of human hope, if we look on one side of the leaf. If we turn the leaf, it may have a very beautiful golden lining. — Ed.] The Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church edifice is a substantial brick structure, of plain exterior, well located upon Main st. Its extreme length upon the outside is 11 1 feet, with a corresponding width of 60 feet. The ground floor is occupied by a spacious vestibule, and from which a passage 24 feet in length and 10 feet in. width, leads to the vestry, 62 x 58 feet, being the largest lec- ture room in town, while upon the right of the passage from the vestibule is a class- room, 24 feet square, and upon the left two ladies' parlors, each 24 x 12 feet, and con- nected by folding doors. From the vesti- bule on each side is a stairway, 5 ft. 5 in. wide, with 20 steps of 7 in. rise, leading to the second floor, on which is the main audience room, 73 ft. long, 58 ft. wide, and 32 ft. high, and having excellent acoustic properties. The pews are 120 in number, giving 600 sittings, while the gallery over the vestibule will seat 100, making a total seating capacity of 700 in the permanent seats. The organ loft, situated back of the pulpit, is 22 ft. wide by 17 ft. depth, and is furnished with a superior instrument, made by Geo. H. Ryder of Boston, and which was purchased by the ladies of the Society. On each side of the organ loft is a room 17x13 ft., and intended for the toilet of the preaclier and the choir. The audience room is heated by two furnaces, and the vestry by a third, all located in the cellar, while the smaller rooms are provid- ed with stoves for heating purposes. The following is a complete list of pas- tors who have been identified with this church since its independent existence, commencing in 1828, and also the names of the presiding elders of Montpeiier dis- trict, several of whom have resided in this town during their term of office : 1828, John G. Dow, John Lord, Pre- siding Elder; 1829, John G. Dow, pastor, Eleazer Wells, Presiding Elder; 1830 and '31, James Templeton ; 1832, Ezra Sprague ; ^^33^ John Currier, Josiah A. Scarritt, P. E. ; '34 and '35, Elihu Scott ; '36 and '';i7, Samuel Kelley, Charles D. Cahoon, P. E. ; '38 and '39, Eleazer Smith, ElishaJ. Scott, P. E. ; '40 and '41 , Charles R. Harding ; '42, '43, '44, ElishaJ. Scott, J: G. Dow, P. E. ; '45 and '46, Amasa G. Button, John Cur- rier, P. E. in '46; '47 and '48, Alonzo Webster; '49, S. P. Williams; '50 and '51, S. Chamberlain, A. T. Bullard, P. E. ; '52 and '53, Benjamin Walker; '54, Ed- mund Copeland ; '55 and '56, F. D. Hem- enway, E. J. Scott, P. E. ; '57 and '58, H. P. Gushing, W. J. Kidder, P.E. in '58 ; '59 and '60, W. D. Malcom ; '61 and '62, Isaac McAnn, P. P. Ray, P. E. in '62 ; '63 and '64, A. L. Cooper ; '65 and '66, M. Ludlum, A. L. Cooper, P. E. in '66; '67 and '68, B. Taylor. Mr. Taylor was re- leased in Aug. '68, and Isaac McAnn com- pleted the conference year. 1869, S. Holman; '70, H. W. Worthen, J. A. Sherburn, P. E. in '70; '71 and '72, J. W. C. Coxe. Mr. Coxe was released in 382 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. the fall of V2» and James Morrow sup- plied the remainder of the conference year. 1873 and ^4, H. A. Spencer, I. McAnn, P. E. in '74 ; '75 and '76, J. M. C. Fulton ; '78 and '79, Charles Parkhurst, Church Tabor, P. E. in '78. Mr. Parkhurst was released in the fall of '79. and N. Fel- lows, of the N. E. Conference, supplied the remainder of the conference year, and was appointed as pastor in '80 ; ^81, D. E. Miller. The annual statistics of the society as reported to the conference of 1881 are as follows : Members, 234 ; probationers, 22 ; local preachers, 2 ; number in Sunday- school, 200 ; officers and teachers, 24 ; probable value of church edifice, $27,- 000 ; probable value of parsonage prop- erty, $2,000: indebtedness, none; paid for ministerial support, pastor, $1,000; presiding elder, $68; bishops, $12; con- ference claiinants, $25 ; total, $1,105 ; cur- rent expenses, $275 ; benevolent collec- tions, $182; total annual financial dis- bursement, $1,562. THE VERMONT CHRISTIAN MESSENGER. BY REV. J. R. BARTLKTT. No certain data is at hand to indicate the birthplace of the Messenger. One in- formant states that it was started in New- bury in 1846, by Rev. Wm. M. Willets. The first record of it is found in Wal- ton's Vermont Register for 1848, stating that it was published in Montpelier in 1847. In 1853, it was removed to North- field, and in 1859 again removed to Mont- pelier, where it has since been published. During its history it has been published by Rev. Elisha J. Scott, Rev. Alonzo Webster, C. W. Willard (commencing in 1861) ; J. W. Wheelock (Willard & Whee- lock from 1869 to 1874, and then by Mr. Wheelock and his estate to 1879), since which time the present proprietor, Mr. Herbert R. Wheelock, has continued the publication in the ofiice of the "Green Mountain Freeman." Among its editors Rev. Elisha J. Scott, Rev. Alonzo Web- ster, and Rev. W. D. Malcom, have served the longest terms. The following memorial sketch of Mr. Scott was published in the Vermont Con- ference Minutes of the session of 1866: Rev. Elisha J, Scott was born in Greens- boro, Vt., Aug. II, 1803, and died in Montpelier, Jan. 24, 1866, in his 63d year. Bro. Scott was a son of pious parents, and a father's prayers and a mother's religious instructions were among his earliest and sweetest recollections. The principles of our holy Christianity took a strong hold of his young mind, and at the age of 12 years he gave his heart to the Saviour, and joined the Baptist Church, of which his parents were members. He continued in this Church some 7 years, when the Rev. Wil- bur Fisk, of precious memory, was sent to preach in an adjoining town. While listen- ing to his preaching, a change was wrought in his views of Christian doctrine, and ever after in sentiment and sympathy he was a Methodist. He Ixad early convic- tions that he was sent into the world to be a minister of Jesus, and made preparation to enter upon his life work. He was re- ceived on trial in the M. E. Conference in 1828; was ordained Deacon by Bishop Hedding, at Barre, June 27, 1830, and Elder by Bishop Roberts, at Lyndon, Aug. 12, 1832. He filled with great accepta- bility and usefulness the following ap- pointments, namely : Cabot, Craftsbury, Barton, Brookfield and Chelsea Circuits, Woodstock, Chelsea, Newbury and Barre Stations — all one year each ; Montpelier District as Presiding Elder, 4 years ; Mont- pelier Station, 3 years, the third year as Supernumerary. He was then placed on the superannuated list for 9 years, when he was again made eifective, and traveled Montpelier District a second term of four years as Presiding Elder. During the last years of this term his health complete- ly failed, and he again took a superannu- ated relation, which he held during the re- mainder of his life. During his retirement from the active work of the ministry, he performed much useful labor in supplying on the Sabbath appointments near the place of his residence, as Superintendent of common schools in his county, and as editor of the Messenger. He was for sev- eral years Secretary of the Conference, and a delegate to the General Conference, which met at Cincinnati, May, 1836. [We have among our waifs the follow- ing hymn, we clipped from some Mont- pelier paper at the time — probably the Messenger, composed by him a few days before his death, to be sung at his fu- neral. — Ed.] MONTPELIER. 383 THE DYING CHRISTIAN'S ADIEU TO EARTH. Launched on Death's dark, rolling stream, Earthly scenes recede from view; Oh! how trifling all now seem. As I bid them each adieu. Pleasant scenes I tliey could not last— Morning clouds, and earthly dew, Soon exhaled— and quickly past. Ere we thought to say adieu. Once, to me did they impart Happiness, short-lived, but true; Now, as from tliera all I part. Cheerfully 1 say adieu. Richer joys my soul shall taste, Joys that are forever new; To these joys I gladly haste. Bidding all below adieu. Objects to my heart most dear. Friends so loving and so true; Even those, without a tear, I can bid my brief adieu. Short the time that will us part. Then our union we'll renew, Wlien heart closely joined to lieart. Ne'er sliall breatlie tlie sad adieu. Farewell! earth, no onger liome. Heaven opens to my view; O'er hill and vale no more I roam. Loved scenes! my fond adieu. Hark! wiiat music do 1 hear? Sweet the strains— full and new- How It floods my ravished ear! World of death! my last adieu. Rev. Alonzo Webster, D.D., was born in Weston, Jan. 27, 1818 ; joined the New Hampshire Conference in 1837, and by the division of the same, became a member of the Vermont Conference at its formation in 1844; remained in active service in this Conference 19. years as pastor, and 3 years of service as Presiding Elder, 9 years of which he occupied the editorial chair of the Messenger. In 1856, and again in i860, lie was elected a delegate to the General Conference, and in 1866 was trans- ferred to the South Carolina Conference. In 1869, he received the appointment as Professor in the Baker Theological Insti- tute, first established at Charleston, S. C, but afterward removed to Orangeburg, to become a part of Claflin University, of which Dr. Webster was made President in 1870. In 1874, he resigned this position to accept an appointment as Presiding Elder of Charleston District, and in 1876, and again in 1880, was elected to repre- sent the South Carolina Conference in the General Conference. His present address is Orangeburg, S. C. Rev. W. D. Malcom assumed the ed- itorial chair in 1867, and continued to oc- cupy the position until April, 1881. He was born in Albany, N. Y., July 3, 1827; in early life worked as a printer ; studied at the Newbury Seminary, and joined the Vermont Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1848, since which he has continued in the itinerant work of a Methodist minister with the exception of one year, ('49,) when he located, rejoining in 1850. Of the 33 years of his ministerial life, nearly 8 years have been passed in the office of Presiding Elder, which position he now fills upon the St. Johnsbury Dis- trict. In 1864, he was a delegate to the General Conference, and for five successive years filled the ofiice of Secretary to the Vermont Annual Conference. He is widely known in Vermont as a genial Christian minister, an able preacher, and a loyal and industrious worker in his Master''s vine- yard. The present, (Oct. 1881,) editorial force consists of Rev. J. R. Bartlett, Barre, ed- itor; Rev. W. R. Davenport, Cambridge- port, assistant ; Rev. J. O. Sherburn, Roch- ester, Sunday-school lessons. The Mes- senger is conducted as a denominational religious newspaper, in the interests of the Methodist Episcopal Church, its editors being pastors in this Church, and members of the Vermont Annual Conference. It is, however, a purely private enterprise, in- volving the Conference in no financial or moral responsibility, further than its juris- diction to expect all persons who are mem- bers of the Conference to conform to sound doctrines of the Church in their public teachings, and to the rules of the Disci- pline in their manner of personal conduct. But as it seeks its support, in the main, from the membership of the Methodist Episcopal Church, it is reasonable to ex- pect that it will be loyal and true to the in- terests of the same, and it is conduct^ on this basis ; while at the same time it seeks to avoid mere sectarianism of the narrow school, and to cultivate a catholic spirit, which while free to express its denomina- tional choice, is yet cordial and friendly to all other Christian churches. MONTPELIER. 38s VERMONT METHODIST SEMINARY AND FEMALE COLLEGE. BY REV. J. A. SHEKBCRN. In giving a history of this institution it is necessary to briefly notice those institu- tions of which this is the legitimate suc- cessor. For the first 40 years or so, of the existence of Methodism in this State, it had no schools under its special super- vision ; not because it did not value schol- astic advantages, but because, for the time being, there were other interests to serve it valued more. Nearly 50 years since, Poultney Acad- emy, under the supervision of the Troy Conference, and Newbury Seminary, under the New Hampshire Conference, were opened for students in the fall of 1834. N. H. Conference then embraced what now composes the N. H. Conference and that part of Vermont lying east of the Green Mountains, making Newbury com- paratively central to the whole territory. The funds for the purchase of lands and the erection of buildings for Newbury Sem- inary were obtained by subscriptions and collections from the whole Conference. The buildings were good, [see descrip- tion in History of Newbury, vol. li, pages 951 and 952 of this work,] located on a beautiful plateau overlooking the valley of the Connecticut, and affording a good view of mountain scenery in New Hampshire. The early purpose of the founders of this school was to make it, in part, a manual labor school for young men ; for this pur- pose a farm was purchased, but after a few years' trial the plan was abandoned, and the farm sold. In connection with Newbury Seminary, there was the Newbury Biblical Institute, having its board of trustees and its own professors. Out of this grew first, the Concord Biblical Institute, Concord, N. H., and finally, the School of Theology of the Boston University. There was, also, in connection with the school, the Female Collegiate Institute, having its separate board of trust, though its teachers were the Seminary teachers as well. Rev. Charles Adams, now D.D., of Washing- ton, D. C, being first principal, and Miss French, now Mrs. Joel Cooper, a widow in Iowa, preceptress. Mr. Adams had worthy successors. Bishop O. C. Baker, D.D., C. T. Hinman, D.D., J. E. King, D. D., and others. Miss French had her successors, women not to be forgotten, none of whom are remembered with great- er respect than the late Mrs. C. P. Tap- Un. Newbury Seminary early in its history took high rank as a school, and maintained it well through its entire history. Well may "old Newbury" be proud of her alumni, and her alumni be proud of her, as well. [We here reserve a notice of the Spring- field Methodist school, not to forestall the right of a town in a later volume to give the history of its own institutions :] Springfield Wesleyan Seminary for a time was quite a rival of Newbury, doing good work, but, being comparatively local, was not its equal. In 1844, the N. H. Conference was di- vided, leaving that part of it which lay in Vermont, by itself, which was made a sep- arate Conference, called the Vermont Con- ference. In i86q, the Burlington and St. Albans District, embracing the greater part of Western Vermont, and belonging to the Troy Conference, were added to the Vt. Conference, which materially changed its geographical center. Poultney Academy was at one time wholly suspended, and was afterward re- vived, and passed into private hands. N. H. Conference had built a Seminary for itself, Newbury Seminary needed funds to repair its old buildings or build new ones, and it was found hard to sustain Spingfield Seminary. Under these cir- cumstances, Vt. Conference, under whose patronage Newbury and Springfield were, decided, and the trustees of both schools concurred, to seek a central location and combine the schools. Rev. W. J. Kidder being the prime mover. The friends of Newbury struggled hard 49 386 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. to retain the school there, while West Randolph, Northfield, Waterbury and Montpelier competed for it. Montpelier guaranteeing $20,000 to aid the enterprise, it was located there, upon the site occu- pied formerly by the U. S. Hospital, which with its buildings, was bought for $16,500. The situation is upon a beautiful plateau, 1 50 rods from the center of Montpelier village, on elevated, dry ground. The view ex- tends from Orange Mountains on the east to Camel's Hump on the west, and from Berlin heights on the south to Worcester on the north. It would be difficult to find a more beautiful location in the State of Vermont for an institution of learning. Revs. A. G. Button, R. Morgan, I. McAnn and A. Hitchcock were each for a time employed as agents in raising funds for the completion of the Seminary build- ings, Noah Granger, agent for raising an endowment fund of $50,000, $30,000 of which is pledged, the income only of which can be used in aid of the school. The school was chartered in 1865, under the name of Vermont Conference Sem- inary and Female College ; but was after- ward changed to its present name, "Ver- mont Methodist Seminary and Female College." Hon. Paul Dillingham was president, A. G. Button, secretary, and Joseph Gould, treasurer of the first board of trust. Rev. A. G. Button and Paul Mclnstry supervised the remodeling of the buildings in 1868, and the school was opened the same fall. The Newbury Seminary boarding-house furnishings and school apparatus were re- moved to this Institution, and the funds resulting from the sale of the Springfield Seminary property was also paid into this Institution. In the fall of 1868, the school was opened, with a faculty most of whom had recently been teachers in Newbury Semi- nary, and many of their former pupils came with them. Rev. S. F. Chester having been the last Principal at Newbury, was the first Principal at Montpelier. The Seminary building, having been erected under the superintendence of Revs. S. Holman and A. G. Button, was opened for use in the fall of 1872, which is thought to be one of the finest academic buildings in New England. The school property, grounds, buildings, etc., are valued at $82,000. At present there are in the School seven courses of study, as follows : 1. Common English, . . . . i year. 2. Business, 2 years. 3. Modern, 3 years. 4. Music. 3 years. 5. College Preparatory, ... 3 years. 6. Latin Scientific, .... 4 years. 7. Collegiate, 4 years. While the scholarship is designed to be thorough, the moral and religious welfare of the students is a prominent feature of this school ; and though founded and fos- tered by the Methodist Church, it gladly welcomes students of all communions, giv- ing to them the privilege of such Church Sabbath service as their parents or guar- dians may designate. It is with gratitude that we acknowledge the healthful religious influence which has been manifest since the transfer of the school to Montpelier, though it has hardly reached what was often seen in its palmiest days at Newbury. It has been at Mont- pelier only about 12 years, and its alumni are already taking rank as educators, min- isters, lawyers and business men. Frmcipals at Montpelier. — Rev. S. F. Chester, A. M., Rev. C. W. Wilder, A. M., Rev. J. C. W. Coxe, A. M., Rev. L. White, A. M., and Rev. J. B. South- worth, the present Principal, who has com- menced his sixth year. Present Board of Trust. — Rev. J. A. Sherburn, president ; Rev. A. L. Cooper, secretary; P. H. Hinkley, Esq., treasurer. By the blessing of God, and the wise, united and persistent efforts of the friends of this school, it is hoped it may live in growing efficiency and usefulness as the years go by, being a blessing not only to the Church which built it and cares for it, but also to the wide, wide world. MONTPELIER. 387 BETHANY CHURCH, MONTPELIER, VT. CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH PAPERS. [Compiled from material furnished chiefly by Hon. Joseph Poland, but in which we shall purposely omit the statistics given by Mr. Walton on page 239, preceding.— Ed.] The first Congregational organization in Montpelier was the Society — 83 members — formed in April, 1800, antedating the or- ganization of the Church 3 months and 8 days. It was called the " First Congre- gational Society of Montpelier." Its first declaration was : Impressed with the importance of relig- ious institutions to society in general, and to ourselves as men, and taking into con- sideration the unsettled state of such insti- tutions in this part of the country, and the necessity of uniting in religious opinions and harmony : we do hereby agree and form ourselves into a religious society, by the name of the first Congregational Socie- ty in Montpelier, under the following reg- ulations : 1. We pledge ourselves to each other that we will (laying aside all trifling dif- ferences) according to our abilities, main- tain regular meetings in our Society, and contribute to the support of preaching, and when consistent, to maintaining a regular clergyman in the Society. 2. That no member of this Society shall be compelled to pay any sum or sums for the use of the Society, except such sum as he shall voluntarily subscribe. 3. When any member of the society shall remove to such distance as to render it inconvenient for him to attend our meet- ings, or shall in conscience think he ought to dissent, he may notify the Clerk there- of, whose duty it shall be to enter the same on record, and such person shall no long- er be considered as a member of this Society. 4. We agree to meet at the usual place of holding meetings, in the Academy in Montpelier, on Wednesday, the 27th day of April, instant, at 3 o'clock in the after- noon, for the purpose of organizing said society with proper officers, and transact- ing any proper business when met. Dated at Montpeher, this 12th day of April, 1800. Elisha Town, George Worthington, Jo- seph Hutchins, Geo. B. R. Gove, Oliver Goss, Thomas Davis, Timothy Hubbard, John Bates, Charles Bulkley, Augustus Bradford, John Hurlbut, Alden Clark, Isaac Freeman, Amasa Brown, Jeduthan Loomis, Stuart Boynton, Willis I. Cad- well, Abel Wilson, Phineas Woodbury, Thomas Reed, Sylvester Day, Nathan Jew- ett, E. D. Persons, Samuel Prentiss, jun., Urial H. Orvis, Ellis Nye, Joseph Howes, Linus Ellis, William Hutchins, Jeremiah Wilbur, Roswell Beckwith, David Tuthill, M. B. Billings, Jonathan Shepherd, Eras- tus Watrous, Silas Burbank, Cyrus Ware, Roger Hubbard, Joseph Freeman, Edward Lamb, Nahum Kelton, Earned Lamb, C. W. Houghton, Josiah Parks, Sylvanus Baldwin, Joseph Wiggins, Abner H. Pow- ers, Abel Crooker, Ebenezer Morse, Enoch Cheney, Mason Johnson, Samuel Go.ss, David Edwards, Oliver Dewey, John Hunt, Ichabod Peck, Darius Boyden, Levi Pit- kin, E. Lewis, Hers. Estabrooks, T. Gay- lord, Jude Converse, Theop. Pickering, Archibald Kidd, Joseph Ray, Paul Knapp, Henry Howes, Samuel West, D. Edwards, jun., Jonathan Edwards, Aaron Bass, Charles Hamlin, William Hamlin, Timo- thy Hatch, Solomon Lewis, Elijah Tyler, John Howes, Joshua Y. Vail, J. H. Lang- don, S. W. Cobb, Ebenezer Parker. April 27th, this Society held its first meeting, and chose Samuel Goss to con- tract with a clergyman. June 24th, the Society voted to employ Rev. Chester Wright. (See sketch.) The original members of the Church, or- ganized July the 20th, were : Amasa Brown, Sylvanus Baldwin, An- drew Dodge, Heraldus Estabrooks, Sam- uel Goss, Timothy Hatch, Joseph Howes, Solomon Lewis, Sibyl Brown, Bachsheba Burbank, Lydia Davis, Susannah Lewis, Lydia Hatch, Polly Barker, Patty Howes, Rebeckah Persons, Sarah Wiggins. Relation of CJuirch and Society. — The Society owns and has care of the house, VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. by mutual understanding with the Church, provides for and pays the salary of the pas- tor, and all funds needful for public wor- ship. When the pulpit is vacant, the Church may appoint a committee to act with a committee of the Society, if they choose, or leave it to the committee of the Society to secure a supply. In the settle- ment of a pastor, the Church take the first step in voting a call ; after which the So- ciety are asked to concur with the action of the Church, and a call is given by joint action. The annual meeting of the Socie- ty is on the last Monday of December. At the first communion after, 12 persons more were added to the Church, and Aug. i6th, the day of Mr. Wright's ordination, 15 children were baptized. In the 3 years subsequent to 1812, 30 persons united with the Church; from 1816 to 1820, 142; in 1827, more than 70. In 1830, the last of Mr. Wright's pastorate, the Church was almost daily enlarging. REV. CHESTER WRIGHT. Prepared, by particular request, for this work, by his grandson, Rev. J. Edward Wright. Thompson, in his History of Montpelier, having drawn a dark picture of the low moral state into which the town had lapsed at the beginning of the present century, refers to the action of a large portion of the better class of the people who desired a reformation, which resulted in the engage- ment of a minister and the organization of a church, from which time a marked im- provement was seen, and "the village of Montpelier, redeemed and regenerated through the blest instrumentalities of the affectionate and untiring labors of the devoted, self-sacrificing and high-souled Father Wright, at length took its stand among the most moral and orderly com- munities in the State." Perhaps the wri- ter's enthusiastic admiration led him in- to exaggeration in ascribing so great a re- sult to the efforts of one man ; but, with all due allowance made, Mr. Wright must certainly be ranked among the very first and worthiest of Montpelier's moral bene- factors. He was the first pastor of its Congregational Church, and here his min- istry continued for more than twenty years. For a large part of that period he was the only pastor in the town. It was his first settlement. It was at a time when the preacher spoke with an official authority which he does not command to-day. And the town itself was then " in the gristle," .as it were. Thus it was the very time for moral and religious suasions to tell. His faithful work did tell ; and many have there been who would sympathize with the his- torian's enthusiasm for his subject, even if they could not fully endorse all his lan- guage. " Even to this day," said the Rev. W. H. Lord, D. D., in the pulpit which Mr. Wright once occupied, and eighteen years after his decease, " the living power of his ministry is seen and felt in all this community, and his memory is kept in the hearts of many, fresh and sacred — fragrant and perfumed with the savor of a deep, deathless devotion to the cause of his Mas- ter. The church, nay, the village of Mont- pelier, is indebted to him, under God, for many of those principles and sentiments, and generous, hospitable, social traits, and kind brotherly feelings, which have dis- tinguished its society. Underneath all the frivolities and conventionalities of her mod- ern life, there is a strong blessed under- current of human sympathies, and effect- ive feelings of social interest and life, which have their source in the influence of his ministry." The man from whose labors such grand results flowed, was born in Hanover, N. H., Nov. 6, 1776. He was the son of Na- thaniel and Jemima (Bartlett) Wright, and the fourth of their eight children. His father was a farmer, one of the first settlers of Hanover, an estimable man, and a deacon of the Congregational church. His mother, a woman of deep piety, died when he was 8 years old, and his father subsequently married Mary Page, by whom he had three children. In 1815, two years after her death, he was united to Mrs. Martha Conant May*. The subject of this sketch passed his youth on the farm, and intended to follow his father's occupation. He bought a farm in Berkshire, Vt., on attaining his majority, but before working long on it MONTPELIER. 389 was led to consider the claims of the Christian ministry, and to change his en- tire plan of life. He began the necessary course of classical study, finished it, and entered Middlebury College in 1802. He supported himself during his preparatory work and his college course partly by teaching, and graduated, having maintain- ed a fair standing, in 1806, being then 30 years of age. For 2 years he was the pre- ceptor of the Addison County Grammar School, and then he began the study of theology with the Rev. Asa Burton, D. D., of Thetford, Vt. Later, his studies were directed by the Rev. Timothy Dwight, D. D., of New Haven, Conn., and he was licensed to preach in 1808. In June of that year his services were engaged by the newly formed Congregational society in Montpelier, and after 12 months he was invited to settle as their pastor, at a salary of " $350 for the first year, $375 for the sec- ond, $400, together with the use of a con- venient parsonage, annually, after the second year." His ordination took place Aug. 16, 1809; sermon by the Rev. Asa Burton, D. D., of Thetford ; charge by the Rev. Stephen Fuller, of Vershire, and right hand of fellowship by the Rev. Calvin Noble, of Chelsea. His labor in this place having continued more than a score of years, he was dismissed Dec. 22, 1830 — a step which seemed inevitable to the council which consented to it, in view of the withdrawal of support by members who were offended by Mr. Wright's course in regard to Free Masonry. The early years of his ministry were very fruitful to the church and the com- munity generally. "The church received additions at almost every communion till the time of my ordination," he says. The band of seventeen who were consti- tuted a church, July 20, 1808, became seventy by the fall of 1810. "In two short years, the testimony is universal," says the Rev. Dr. Lord, " a great change passed over the society In family after family, the worship of the true Jehovah was established, and morning and evening sacrifice was regularly offered in the name of Jesus. Men of unbelieving and skeptical sentiments became impressed and sobered. Young men of dissipated habits became industrious and devout. The streets no longer echoed with ribaldry and profaneness ; social life and intercourse were greatly refined and improved ; . . . and it seemed as if the placid and benefi- cent spirit of Christianity had descended to hover over and to dwell in a place once so troubled and distracted." In the 4 years, from 1816 to 1820, 142 persons were received into the church. Indeed, "at no time in the history of Mr. Wright's ministry, was there any remark- able moral sterility. The influences of divine grace and truth were steady and effective. The special times of religious interest were not followed by drought and reaction." And the records show that 428 persons were welcomed to the fellowship of the organization during Mr. Wright's pastorate. His labors were not limited to his own flock, nor confined within the boundaries of his own parish. His missionary activ- ity was very great, and wherever oppor- tunity offered, he held religious meetings to the limit of his strength, whether in churches, dwellings, school-houses, or barns. He was a leader in the councils of his denomination in the State, and was often sent as a delegate to ecclesiastical gatherings beyond its borders. Theologically, he was conservative. ■ " New lights " in religious doctrine were to him false lights. But he was in advance of most of his associates in reformatory work. Very early did he enlist against in- temperance, endeavoring to stem the evil tide. The cause of the slave readily won his sympathy and his advocacy. The ed- ucation of the young commanded much of his thought ; the great Anti-Masonic con- troversy aroused his interest. And in all these matters he " conferred not with flesh and blood " as to the course to pursue. He closed his ears against the suggestion of prudential considerations. He only asked, "What is right? What is the path of duty ? " and, when conscience gave answer, heeded her voice alone. He may have erred ; if so, his was not the error of 39° VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. a cool time-server and trimmer, a slirewd calculator for self; it was the error of one whose whole being thrilled with devotion to God and man, of one whose excess was ever on the side of conscientiousness and philanthropy. As Mr. Wright had, during his pastorate in Montpelier, eked out his small salary by occasionally acting as a tutor, so, after his dismissal, he had for some time charge of the instruction of a class of boys at his house, preaching meanwhile, as opportu- nity offered, in churches readily accessi- ble from this village. He was regularly engaged for quite a while to fill the pulpit in East Montpelier. In 1836, he was settled in Hardwick, in this State, remaining there till early in 1 840, when failing health led him to return to Montpelier, where he died of consump- tion, Apr. 16, at his former residence, then occupied by his daughter, Mrs. J. W. Howes. His body was placed in the graveyard on Elm street, but on the open- ing of Green Mount Cemetery, it was re- moved thither. His widow, «^^ Charlotte Clapp Whitney, ofRoyalton, survived him 19 years. They were married in April, 181 1, and had 6 children, four of whom lived to maturity, and were married — Jonathan Edwards, married Fanny Wyman Houghton, of Mont- pelier ; Charlotte Whitney, married James H. Howe, of Troy, N. Y. ; Julia, married Joseph W. Howes, of Montpelier ; and Eliza Maria, married Ferrand F. Merrill, of Montpelier. Of these four children, only Mrs. Howes survives at the present date. Descendants of all the others are living, however. Although Mr. Wright's literary training began late, he was a man of no mean at- tainments as a scholar, and held high rank among his contemporaries. He was rec- ognized as possessing a sound judgment, and his counsel and advice were often sought. He was from 18 19 till his decease a member of the corporation of Middlebury College. While engaged in teaching, he published an arithmetic entitled, "The Federal Compendium ;" and at various times quite a number of his sermons were printed ; not only obituary discourses, but also others — as an " Election Sermon" in 1 8 10, a sermon before the Middlebury College Charitable Society in 18 14, and in the latter part of his life, two sermons, which he entitled, "The Devil in the Nineteenth Century," and which were called forth by certain extravagances com- mitted, under the name of religion, in Hardwick. [The " New Lights," see ac- count of in vol I, page 329, of this work. — Ed.] In person, Mr. Wright was under the average height, of slight figure, with keen brown eyes. Though described as "ap- parently deficient in physical powers," he was quick in all his movements, vigorous and energetic in action, and intrepid in the face of danger. Pre-eminent as a pastor, he was persuasive and successful as a preacher, a leader among philanthro- pists, stainless in private life, and ever alive to the material, as well as the spirit- ual, interests of the people whose servant he made himself "for Jesus' sake." J. E. w. After the close of Mr. Wright's ministry there was an interval of 9 months before the church was supplied with another pastor, and when Mr. Hopkins' 3^ succeed- ing years' pastorate closed. Rev. Mr. Burchard, the noted revivalist, took the vacant pulpit for a 40 days' protracted meeting, of which, says the Rev. Dr. Lord, in his fiftieth anniversary sermon, " Good was accomplished at a tremendous cost Of course, after such an exciting preacher, the church found it diffi- cult to settle down to the regular ministra- tions of the word, or to find a pastor who would unite their suffrages. For a year thereafter, the society was afilicted with 17 candidates, a sufficient number to have furnished a half dozen superior ministers." At length a call was given to Rev. Buel W. Smith, who accepted it, and labored here 4 years, as long as his health would permit. Mr. Gridley was pastor for the next 5 years, during which the only important druj.k^ MONTPELIER. 391 event was the dismissal of several members to the Ej^iscopal church, of which says Mr. Lord : Including one, for a long time a faithful and efficient co-laborer with us, a super- intendent of the Sunday-school, and the not infrequent lay reader of sermons to this congregagation ; a gerftleman of edu- cation and piety, who became the first rector of that church in this village. It is not inappropriate to say that while we greet the success and prosperity of that society, and rejoice in its present health- ful activity and enlargement, and recog- nize it, in its methods and ways, as an ef- ficient agent of Christ's Kingdom, we take peculiar satisfaction and pleasure in the remembrance that many of the prin- ciples and persons, which have given to it such animation and efficiency, were be- gotten and nurtured under the shadow of these walls. And it is almost with a ma- ternal sentiment that we contemplate its origin, while with fraternal salutation we bid it to-day God speed in the work in which we are united, of raising this whole community to the level of the Gospel. Mr. Lord succeeded to Rev. Mr. Grid- ley in the pastorate, of which he says : I have already, on a former occasion, adverted to the records of my own min- istry among you ; yet still, the occasion would seem to require some notice of its events. I came here in a time of division and controversy. With the dreams of youth and inexperience, I entered upon the hard toil of the ministry, in a disunited church, divided not in principle, not in vital sentiment, but in local policy and about persons. The records of the church from that day to this are not mere statis- tics and notes and catalogues to me, but a life, a labor, a struggle, full of fears and apprehensions, and encouragements, and joys and hopes. I will only say that God has blessed an unworthy and feeble min- istry, and thank Him for the vast mercies that have followed the course of our rela- tionship. The short period of 11 years has been filled with changes. I preach in the same house, but not to the same audi- ence that listened to my first sermon. There have been 80 removals and 63 deaths in the society ; in the church, 70 dismis- sions and 43 deaths since I began my work with you, a considerable increase in the society and 80 baptisms. The admissions during Mr. Wright's pastorate, 428 ; during that of Mr. Hop- kins, 48 ; that of Rev. Buel W. Smith, 137 ; that of Mr. Gridley, 21 ; and of Rev. Mr. Lord, 139, to 1876, when the Manual of Bethany Church was published, which in- cluded his pastorate, less the last year ; making to that date, 1,126 received to membership. Deacons. — The deacons given in this Manual who have served the church to 1876 are — Sylvanus Baldwin, George Worthing- ton, Salvin Collins, Alfred Pitkin, E. P. Walton, William Howes, Jeduthan Loom- is, John Wood, Norman Rublee, Constant W. Storrs, F. F. Merrill, E. P. Walton, Jr., N. P. Brooks, John A. Page, and Joseph Poland. Chtirdi Clerks. — Samuel Goss, 1808; Rev. Chester Wright, 1809 to '30; James Spalding, 1831 ; Jeduthan Loomis, 1832; Rev. Samuel Hopkins, 1832 to '35 ; Jedu- than Loomis, 1S35 ; Rev. Buel W. Smith, '^'^THi '38; Lyman Briggs, 1840, '41 ; Rev. John Gridley, 1842 to '46; Gustavus H. Loomis, 1846, '47 ; Rev. W. H. Lord, D.D., 1848 to '75 ; Mahlon C. Kinson, 1876 to '79; Rev. C. S. Smith, 1880. This church is Congregational in polity and affiliation, and heartily receives the doctrine and order of Christianity as they are stated, for substance, in the declara- tion of faith and order made by the Boston Council of the Congregational Churches of the United States in 1865, and adopted by the General Convention of Ministers and Churches of Vermont in 1874. Resuming our extracts from Mr. Lord's sermon : This church can now give her invitations with more earnestness and force than ever before. She has a history of 50 years ; she has tested the virtue of her everlasting foundations ; she has a roll of 924 members, of whom 364 are to-day in her earthly com- munion, and nearly 300 gone home to that happy harbor, '■Whose gardens and whose goodly walks Continually are green." The celestial spirit of peace has never long been absent from this society ; joy and peace have been the rule. I seem to hear the voice of her many choirs, all blending this day in grand unison to the glory of God. I seem to catch some strains of the strange melody of all her singers and instruments of music. I listen to the solemn dirge for her dead, the sober grief of her funeral orations, the sobs of her mourners, the songs of her redeemed. Again, in long circles of young men and 392 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. maidens, of strong men and furrowed age, her thousand witnesses for Christ seem to collect, and stand before her altar and re- peat her solemn consecration, and sit around the hallowed emblems of her Sav- ior's death. Again, I hear their conclud- ing triumphant acclaim, the sublime dox- ology to the Triune Jehovah, not one voice wanting in that imagined song. Again, I seem to hear the words of prayer and invi- tation, and the voices long or lately hushed in death, that used to break the stillness of her conference. And as the imagination goes into the past, to awake into life its history, and to kindle its scenes, so does it project itself onward, fifty, an hundred years. Then another voice than mine shall address an- other audience than this, on the centennial birthday of the church. Two or three that joined it at the last communion may hear the discourse. The rest shall have fallen asleep. Another organ shall respond to the fingers of another player ; another choir shall chant the same sublime psalm and hymns ; these places left of us shall be filled with many more. Eternity will be our residence. May its centennial cycle find us all, if removed from earth, in that City which hath foundations, whose Build- er and Maker is God. REV. WILLIAM HAYES LORD, D. D. BY PISES. BUCKHAM, OF THE VT, UNIVBKSITY. From an Address read before the VI. His- torical Society , Oct. 14, 1878. William H. Lord was the son of Rev. Nathan Lord, President of Dartmouth from 1828, 35 years. William Lord was thus brought at four years old into the midst of a college circle, and brought up under the strong influences of that remarka- ble man from whom he inherited some of his most characteristic and pronounced opinions. He entered his collegiate course in his sixteenth year, ranked well in all his studies, excelling in language and literature, was a Phi Beta Kappa, de- livered the Greek poem at Commencement ; graduated (1846) atAndover; but was not a subtle logician. He could state an opin- ion with clearness and force, and present it with luminous illustration and persuasive appeal, better than he could maintain it in the lists against all comers. Shortly after finishing his studies, he began to preach in Montpelier. He was emphatically a preacher ; his diction choice and elegant. He abhorred "stump sermons" and "stump prayers." One of the incidental benefits of attending his ministry was an education in good English. His delivery was pleasing, dignified, with little gesture. That was true in his case, affirmed of almost all orators, the spoken word often produced an effect which the mere reader cannot account for. His preaching was no iteration of common- place ideas. Christ, as he conceived and preached him, was not the mere leader ot a system of truth which could be stated in propositions and soon exhausted, but the source and channel of a new life which flows in upon our old, sin-wasted human- ity, reviving, stimulating, glorifying every part of it. The distinguishing merit of his preaching was a rare and happy com- bination of the intensely evangelical with the broadly human spirit. Those who think only through their feelings, were melted by its tenderness. He received pressing calls from larger places. After refusing one, he said to his congregation, " I love to dwell among my own people ; but for this sentiment, perhaps principle, I might have gone a half score of times. . I do not easily change my place or opinions. I will not say that I have not been tempted, or that I should not have found satisfaction in other places that might have been mine ; but I have pre- ferred to dwell among my own people." It would not be correct to infer an un- interrupted smoothness. There were oc- casions of diff'erence, elements of discord, irritation on the part of some of his peo- ple, disgust upon his part, such as would have sundered any pastoral relation less firmly cemented. His opinions — the strongly conservative opinions of his father on slavery and the relation of the church to social reform — were distasteful to a por- tion of his congregation. He did not mix them up in preaching the Gospel, but what he believed, he believed firmly, and he was not a man to trim his creed to the passing gale. Some of these questions are now, thank God, obsolete, and it be- longs only to his biographer to insist upon the hold he must have had upon the af- fections of his people, that amid all the /^^..E^^, MONTPELIER. 393 tria ' and excitements of the times, no one, or but few at most, ever thought of part- ing with their admired or beloved pastor, or would have changed him for the most trenchant reformer in the nation. Dr. Lord's pulpit was in Montpelier, but through the members of the Legislature and others whose duties brought them to the Capital, he reached a large number of the leading men of the State. He was at the time of his death the best known of any minister in the State, and the most widely known out of the State. His pres- ence at councils, his services on public oc- casions, were highly appreciated. In 1867, his Alma Mater conferred on him the de- gree of Doctor of Divinity. He did much editorial work during his last years for the Vermont Chronicle; his articles in the Princeton Review, elaborated with more care probably than anything else from his pen, it would be difficult to match for bril- liancy of literary execution in any Amer- ican magazine. But how shall I speak of him as a friend? One of the most remarkable things about him was his capacity for friendship. His friends were from all classes of society ; from all religious denominations ; from all vocations ; but all were the select men of their class. One who for many years en- joyed the closest intimacy with him, and whom, among all his friends, I think Mr. Lord would himself have chosen to speak of him on this point. Rev. Frederick W. Shelton, Episcopal clergyman, writes of him : He was the anima; dimidium mece — he was the half of my soul. Open-hearted, open-handed, liberal as the day, nothing sordid or narrow-minded entered into the texture of his soul. To know a man as I knew him, is in most cases to dissolve the charm of companionship, yet, I can say of him, he was one of whom I never wearied, whose conversation was always fresh, fruit- ful, suggestive. He grew in my estima- tion, and perpetually became a stronger man. An intercourse of 12 years was broken never by the slightest coldness or doubtful act on his part, and I do declare that 1 could never find in him or with him any fault at all. If these seem almost romantic expres- sions of attachment between man and man, I venture they would be endorsed by East- man, if alive, Gregory Smith, Stewart, Phelps, and a long list of men in whom he inspired a love for himself like that of Jon- athan for David. But in 1868, his system begun to show signs of breaking down. He took a trip to Europe, and partly recovered. He in- tensely enjoyed it, but far from his family, Bethany church, the hope of a life-time, taking shape in stone and mortar, he could not wait full recovery ; took a run through Europe, and hastened home ; preached with wonted vigor ; saw Bethany church completed — fit memorial, though he knew it not, of his own service for Him in whose honor it was built. He continued for 8 years more to preach to his people ; never, they say, with such solemnity and power as these last years, while to the eyes of his friends, visibly breaking down ; not so much ageing — his mental powers showed no signs of decay — as giving way to some hidden destroyer. A terrible calamity, re- sulting in the death of a little daughter, [see accidental deaths, page 332,] was more than his constitution, undermined, could bear. He died, in his 54th year, the 30th of his pastorate. Mar. 18, 1877. [For a list of Mr. Lord's publications, see Bibliography of Montpelier, on page 316, and a notice of him as a benefactor and President oi the Vermont Historical Society.] Rev. Mr. Lord married, at Andover, Mass., June i, 1848, Harriet Adams Aiken, daughter of John Aiken, Esq. Mrs. Lord was born in Manchester, Vt. They had 6 children, all born in Montpelier. The family of Dr. Lord, now living, are — Mrs. Lord, tarrying with her aged and infirm mother in Andover, Mass. ; William A., a lawyer in Montpelier; Mary E., wife of William R. Burleigh, Esq., resides at Great Falls, N. H. ; Sarah A., wife of Rev. M. D. Kneeland, resides at Water- loo, N. Y. ; Jane A., wife of George W. Sargent, M. D., resides at Skaneateles, N. Y. ; Charles H., student at Great Falls, N. H. 5° 394 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. SABBATH SCHOOL RECORD. FROM MK. JOSEPH W. HOWES. Letter of Mr. Howes to Mr. Poland. Montreal, Jan. 7, 1862. Dear Sir : — In complying with your re- quest for statistics of your Sabbath-school, I have been quite at loss to know what you most desired. Were I to give you the many interesting facts and incidents con- nected with a superintendency of some 12 years, as a teacher of 5 years, and my childhood and early youth as a scholar, it would require moi^e time than you could devote to read or listen to. Nor could these facts be of deep interest to the ma- jority of the present school. I have, rather, selected some facts connected with its earliest history, which are quite meagre, and some general items to a later date, from which you can select such as you deem desirable. It may not be uninter- esting to your church to know to whom they are indebted for such labors of love as performed by the teachers of the Brick Church Sunday-school, many of whom are now reaping the reward of those labors in that land where their works do follow them. From an Address to the Brick Church Sunday School, Jan. i, 1843. The first effort made in this place for the religious instruction of the youth and children, was by the first pastor, probably in the summer of 1808. The first meetings were held in the hall of the first Academy, built on Main street, on Saturday after- noons. The lessons was the Assembly's Catechism. Questions were proposed by the pastor, who was the only teacher, and the answers repeated by the scholars, and full explanations of the answers. It is said such proficiency was made by many, they were able to repeat all the answers and comprehend their meaning. The few who at first gave attendance, soon had the pleasure of seeing with them most of the youth connected with families of the church. How long this plan was pursued, is not certain. Nothing more definite is known until 18 13, when the pastor was ac- customed to meet persons of all ages Sun- day, at 5 o'clock, p. M., in Jefferson Hall, one of the large rooms in the first State House, used for holding the county and other courts and for religious meetings. The Bible was the subject of study, sub- jects proposed and answered from Scrip- ture. In 1S16, three Sabbath-schools were or- ganized in the village, conducted by teach- ers under a supervisory committee. One was held in the school-house, near where the Methodist chapel now stands, con- ducted by Deacon Worthington, Dr. J. Crosby and Joseph Howes ; another in the Academy, conducted by Messrs. Walton, Goss and others ; a third, in the dancing- hall of the hotel, kept by Mrs. Hutchins, and afterwards by Jona. Shephard, con- ducted by Deacon Baldwin, J. Barnard, and, I think, H. Y. Barnes. These schools, held in the morning of the Sabbath, at their close would march with their teach- ers to the State House, to attend the meet- ing there. They were discontinued in the winter. In 1817, there was an increased interest in the Sabbath-school, a revival having called many into the church and schools who were of efficient aid. Each scholar, for every ten verses recited without mis- take, received a small blue ticket, with printed verse of Scripture, value one mill ; ten of the blue were exchanged for a red one, value one cent. Some learned so many verses, there was not time to hear them all. At close of the summer term this year there was a public examination of all the schools in the old State House, conducted by the pastor, when each class recited some passage of Scripture or a hymn, and the red tickets were all paid for in books. In the summer of 18 19, schools and places were the same, except the third, which was removed to the building once stand- ing opposite the Brick Church, conducted by H. Y. Barnes, Daniel Baldwin and J. Barnard. In this school one or two schol- ars committed from three to six hundred verses every week. The teachers were surprised how this was done, as they had to labor through the week. " They car- ried their Bibles into the field with them, and learned while they worked." A school was held a short time in the school-house near the late Samuel Abbott's ; Supt. not; remembered. MONTPELIER. 395 While the schools were well sustained in the village, a number of young men organized schools in the adjacent districts ; one in the school-house near Mr. Warren's, in Middlesex ; another, in the then Brooks district ; one in the (old) center of the town. In 1820, a church was completed, and here the different schools met, under the supervision of a committee. In 1821 or '2, through the influence of a Mr. Osgood, of Montreal, whose life was devoted to doing good, the first library was obtained, and a Sunday-school so- ciety formed. Rev. C. Wright, president ; Joseph Howes, librarian ; with a board of managers, and the school was held after the afternoon service, and from this time the school was continued through the win- ter. The first library, after being well read, was presented to the Sabbath-school in Worcester, and a new one purchased. Of the next 5 years little can be said. It was a season of great declension in religion. Nov. 1826, Rev. J. C. Southmayd was chosen superintendent, and Jos. Howes, librarian. Mr. Southmayd was the first superintendent of the school, and this the first record of anything concerning this school to be found upon the records of this church. About this time a precious revival of religion commenced in this place, and continued through the autumn and winter, which gave a new impulse to the school, and many who had before left at the ages of 12 and 14, with the impression they were too old to attend, returned, desiring to learn the way of God more perfectly. Nor were there wanting those ready to engage earnestly in the good work of teaching. Eternity alone can reveal the blessed results of that revival upon this school, this church and this community. In 1827, there were 25 teachers ; 24 in 1828. There was a Bible class for adults, held a short time by the pastor and super- intendent on Sabbath evenings, embracing a large number of the congregation ; sub- ject, the Epistle of Paul to the Romans. The earliest record of teachers and scholars I have seen is dated 1831, and were : William Howes, C. W. Storrs, Edward Taplin, Abial P. Atherton, E. P. Walton, Norman Rublee, Samuel Goss, J. W. Howes, J. S. Walton, C. L. Knapp, John Wood, N. D. Dewey, Misses South- mayd, M. A. Washburn, Samantha Wash- burn, Harriet H. Washburn, R. Emily Washburn, Emily Bradshaw, Sophia Wat- rous, Scoville, A. Howes, Frances Hand, Rebecca Hunt, Harriet Walton, Eliza Kimball. April, 1832, Gen. E. P. Walton, super- intendent; the school roll, 170; teachers, 24. An infant class was formed. Miss Eliza Kimball, (Mrs. Field,) teacher, which met at the same hour of the school in the vestry. The first regular teachers' meetings commenced this year, through the instru- mentality of an excellent young man at- tending our Academy, from Royalton, N. Wright Dewey, who many years since went to his reward. This year, or about this time, the monthly concert, which has since been so regularly observed, was established. From this time to 1836, no record of the school is to be found ; but it is the impression it was well sustained. 1836, Gen. Walton was superintendent; Samuel Goss and J. W. Howes, assistants. Owing to the ill health of Mr. Walton and the resignation of Mr. Goss, the duty devolved upon Mr. Howes. 1837, the teachers were : A. S. Pitkin, Charles Spalding, Geo. P. Walton, Fran- cis Stebbins, E. P. Walton, Jr., J. W. Howes, Mrs. B. W. Smith, Mrs. Oakes, Misses Harriet Wilder, Atherton, Lucy Nye, Frances Perrin, Eunice Vail, Augusta Merrill, Eliza Spalding. Mr. Pit- kin and Geo. P. Walton, not living. There was an average attendance of 100 scholars, and efforts were made to increase the num- ber. Every family was visited, parents be- came interested, and 2 or 3 Bible classes formed, one of them being taught by the pastor. Rev. B. W. Smith, who ever took a lively interest in the school. The re- ports of those who visited at this time were 396 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. very interesting. Many of the scholars were enjoying the Way of Life. 1838, G. B. Mansur was appointed as- sistant superintendent, which office he held while connected with this church, as well as teacher. It was ascertained during the II previous years, 75 members of the school had united with the church, four of them young men, preparing for the min- istry. The school resolved to educate a young lad in Ceylon, for which to pay $20 per annum for 5 years, which was done. 22 united with the church this year by profession, 10 being members of the school. 1839, the total number of scholars was 205; average, 120; conversions, 9: teach- ers, 25. 1840, total number of scholars, 175; average, 114; teachers, 23; no con- versions. 1841, teachers, G. H. Loomis, Jos. Prentiss, G. W. Scott, B. F. Goss, B. B. Dimmock, G. B. Mansur, Misses Harriet Hunt, Mary Vail, Fanny Water- man, Mary Smith, Harriet Doty, Mrs. Elias Hall, Misses Charity Loomis, Em- eline Lewis, Nancy Perry, A. Phinney, Eliza M. Wright, Fanny Lewis, Sophia Wil- liams, Redfield, Eliza Harvey ; schol- ars, 204; average attendance, 118 ; 6 con- versions. 1842, total number of scholars, 219; average, 129; conversions, 7. 1843 to '48, most of the time attendance good. Numbers of our most promising youth de- ceased, most having pleasing evidence they had entered into that rest that re- maineth. 1843, teachers, Francis C. Keith, Jos. Pitkin, Mrs. Isaac Worcester, Misses R. Burton, M. Camp, Mr. J. H. Morse; 1844, Misses Rebecca Loomis, Eliza B. Rublee, Mr. Ralph Kilbourn, C. W. Bad- ger, John Barker, Misses Harriet Bowen, Clarissa Clark, Mr. Wm. Storrs. Messrs. Morse, Kilbourne, Barker, and Miss Clark, have died. 1848, Mr. Merrill was appointed super- intendent, which office he held until 1851. [I am not quite sure of this ; it is possible that Dea. Storrs officiated a part of this time.] 185 1, resuming the superintendency, I found the school in a prosperous condi- dition — 230 scholars, the largest number ever known, with 31 teachers. The spirit that searcheth hearts was in our midst. Numbers listened, attracted to follow the heavenly voice. My connection with the school ceased in May of this fruitful year. Sunday-School Siiperititendents. — Mr. J . W. Howes was succeeded by Mr. F. F. Merrill, whose last year was 1858 ; Joseph Poland served in 1859, '60, '61 ; Chas. W. Willard, 1862; H. D. Hopkins, 1863, 187 1, inclusive ; D. G. Kemp, 1872, '73. '74; A. G. Stone, 1875, '76; Hiram Carl- ton, 1877 to the present time. THE DEDICATION OF BETHANY CHURCH, OCT. 15, 1868. Exercises : — Organ Voluntary; Invocation, Rev. W. S. Hazen; Scripture, Rev. E. /. Carpenter ; Anthem ; Prayer, Rev. J. Copeland. DEDICATION HYMN. BY BEV. JOHN KING LOED, Brother of the Pastor. When God the prUnal light unsealed, And bound in spheres its golden bars, Tlirough all the glowing vault there pealed The chorus of the morning stars. When Christ was born, those notes again Bang througii the sapphire-sprinkled space; Judea's hill-sides caught the strain, And earth gave to Heaven the praise. And when the promised age of gold Sees fairer lands and brighter skies Spring from the ruins of the old, Still louder shall the anthem rise. Meanwhile, along these walls where now Our first glad sacrifice we bring. That song shall echo till we bow To sing with angels near the King. SERMON. BY REV. W. H. LORD, D. D., Pastor. " I will not give sleep to mine eyes, nor slumber to mine eyelids, until I find out a place for the Lord, an habitation for the mighty God of Jacob." — Psalm 132 :4, 5. This is Solomon's record of the vow of his father David. It was the natural ex- pression of that tender piety, of that de- votion to the name and honor of God, which illumines the whole character of the son of Jesse, and which raises him, in spite of his stupendous sins and deep falls, to a sublime height of moral excellence. All other things made way in his mind to the glorious purpose of finding a habita- tion for God. He was a king, and perils environed his throne. He was a states- MONTPELIER. 397 man, and his people needed the help of a generous government. He was a poet, and -the sacred inspiration of his harp thrilled the heart of his nation, as it has of all nations since. He was a warrior, and a councillor, and oft must have longed to lay aside the armor of battle and woo the refreshment of rest. But all other duties, and all other desires, were dwarfed in his fervid soul by one imperious obligation. What were politics, statesmanship, war, letters, nay, his own flesh and blood to him, while God had no worthy habitation in Israel? What was it to him that he could point to a royal palace, and rooms of state, and golden furniture, and Tyrian hangings, while Jehovah had no palace yet built for Him, where He could hold His court and receive the homage of His subjects. While Israel dwelt in tents, they had another for their tabernacle. But when they had an imperial city, and dwelt in ceiled houses, marble and gold were not too rich or beautitul for their shrine. Nothing else was safe unless God's house was built. The temple was the citadel of the nation. David's sword would be sharper, his scepter mightier, his lyre sweeter, if all were reckoned of less import than the task of finding a temple for the Lord. The vow of the king of Israel is of much larger range than its original historical application. We can- not confine our thought to the narrow range of long past Jewish history, when the passage before us has been brightened by the light which falls upon it from Beth- lehem and Calvary. This expression say^ in effect, that within the soul itself, God's presence, honor and truth must first be secured. To find a place for the Lord within the heart, is at once our high priv- ilege and obligation. To enthrone God at the summit of thought ; to enshrine Him in the sanctuary of love ; to lay open to Him the hidden springs of the will ; to de- tain Him within the chamber of the soul ; this is to build for Him a palace more beautiful, more glorious, than any made with stone or decorated with gold ; and this is to win from Him a presence of light and power more resplendent than the she- kinah of the temple of Jerusalem. The christian soul is the true temple of the Godhead, when it is cleansed by the blood of Christ ; when it is filled with the graces of the spirit ; when it is enriched with the tracery and ornaments of the divine word. When it is thronged with holy and adoring thoughts, as His servants and courtiers casting their tributes at his feet, then it is brightened with a light and beauty so shining, that God may indeed be said to be glorified in man, and to have found in him His true habitation and rest. But another application of these words will, I doubt not, have been anticipated by those who are gathered within these walls on this day of high and thankful joy. May we not say that this noble pile itself is the product of a resolution such as was that of the king of Israel. By the per- mission and love of the Infinite God, we are to-day realizing long cherished hopes — long dreamt dreams. To-day is com- pleted the prayer of years. Difiiculties have been surmounted, and results achiev- ed, for which we are indebted to the good- ness of God. We behold the end and re- ward of much sacrifice, of large and genial hearts, of wise and unconquerable wills, of cultivated and solid intelligence. All that could be won by our zeal, and intel- ligence and devotion has been secured. Our eyes behold that which is in very deed a worthy place for the temple of the Lord — an habitation for the Mighty God of Jacob. David had to bequeath his un- realized intention to his son and successor ; but the most of us who began to build, have been spared to witness the fulfilment of our hope, and the justification of our wisdom and foresight. And if one who is not a stranger to the impulses and motives which have swayed the minds of those who have labored for this result, may be per- mitted to interpret the sagacious and gen- erous intelligence which has given this noble structure to our State and our church, I would unhesitatingly say, that to promote our dear Redeemer's glory has been its first, its master motive. To raise a monument, (however unworthy our best must be of Him,) to His glory who died 398 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. for us ; to oifer at His feet a measure of that wealth which he has placed at our disposal ; to thank Him thus visibly, thus palpably, for His grace to us ; to make a good foundation for a better work for Him — this was, this is, the object of all. Even if nought else came of this gratitude ; even if such thankfulness were refracted upon ourselves in no new blessings, this grateful adoration, this love of the Son of God, is the motive which has found so beautiful, so splendid, an expression in a building, which, from to-day and henceforth, is ded- icated to the glory and service of Jesus Christ. If aught else of pride or ostenta- tion mingles with this, may He who de- serves all we have, forgive and cleanse the foul unrighteousness. It is true that since Christ was crucified, the Father seeketh such to worship Him as worship in spirit and tiojth. Mount Mo- riah and Mount Gerizim are not essential to worship. He who dwelleth in a temple made without hands, needs not a temple made with hands. The whole earth has now become a house of prayer and the gate of Heaven, for the Son of God hath dwelt in it and consecrated it by His presence. And yet a house of worship does not invade the spirituality of worship. It may rather enhance and intensify it. No more is the closet a place for one Christian, than the church is the place for many Christians. And Christ fills both with His presence, and loves both the dwelling of a beautiful and holy soul, and the habitation of a beautiful and sacred house. He who hath made all things beautiful, loves beau- tiful things and beautiful places. Repulsiveness of form is not necessarily united with spirituality of life and purity of faith, and the autonomy of the local church under Christ does not imply that it ought to dwell in a barn. And when the beauty of the temple expresses both the abun- dance of christian wealth, and the fervor of christian love ; when it is the exponent of ability and affection, then I see no reason why God should not love it as He did the tabernacle of old — more than all the dwellings of His people. I see no reason why He should not love to come into it and make the place of His feet glo- rious. I have thought it not inappropriate to this occasion, to ask your attention to the uses of the material temple ; the moral and spiritual purpose of such a house as that in which we are assemhled to-day ; and why we should build it, and why we should love it ! I. To begin with its lowest uses, itwill be in the first place an intellectual land- mark, cultivating the best thought and the best taste. As it towers in conspicuous beauty high above the surrounding buildings, it is a natural expression in solid stone of an in- tellectual truth. May we not say that it illustrates, on a small scale, Bishop Butler's argument upon the necessity for a visible church? It is a silent, but most eloquent, preacher of the first and highest of all truths. It embodies and visibly perpet- uates the institutions of Christianity. A visible church is a standing memorial of the duty we owe to our Creator, and by the form of religion ever before our eyes, serves to remind us of the reality. And the more impressive and beautiful the form, the more easily will the transition be to the true character and glory of the ob- ject of worship. Throughout the civilized world, each of the temples of Christendom bears a voiceless but effective testimony for Christ. No thoughtful man ever looks at it from without, even if he never enters it as a worshipper, but he asks himself: " What does this building represent? Why is it here ? Is it the monument of an ex- tinct sentiment, or of a hving conviction? Is it the ornamented sepulcher of religious faith, or the powerful instrument of a springing and advancing life ? " Thus the material building suggests a line of thought, backward and forward. It is a history, or a prophecy. Its dim aisles, and vaulted corridors and arched ceilings, its columns hewn into transparent strength, and its roof painted with the colors of the iris, have a message to men which they can but hear. It is a message of warning, or a message of hope. There is a city of the old world whose MONTPELIER. 399 palaces and squares are now falling into the sea, out of which she rose. Never did earthly city have a more beautiful shrine. It was at once a type of the redeemed church of God, and an illuminated scroll of His written word. Neither gold nor crystal was spared in its building, and it was adorned with all manner of precious stones. The skill and the treasures of the East gilded every letter and illumined every page, till " the temple shone from afar like the star of the Magi." And as I walked along the alleys of that strange city, or floated upon its liquid streets, and remembered how she had thrown off all shame and restraint, and had become filled with the madness of the whole earth, the falling frescoes of gold, and the sinkmg columns of marble of her great cathedral, seemed to utter in the dead ear of Venice, " Know thou that for all these things God will bring thee into judgment." Her sin was done in the face of the House of God, burning with the letters of His law. And the building, now shored up from its watery grave by huge timbers, has a his- tory, in which one who sees it, must read both the triumphs and the corruptions of Christianity. There were no material churches, or scarcely any, in the early ages of persecu- tion. When the church dared to come forth from the catacombs and live in pub- lic, she had already triumphed — her places of worship were the symbols of victory. And do they not now speak to our reason and our hearts, and to our imaginations, somewhat as of old? What means the house of christian assembly, but that God delighteth still in the communion of His saints? What means the tapering spire, but that our hopes are beyond the sky to which it points? What means the cross which rises from the eastern porch, but that the atoning blood which flowed on calvary, warrants these hopes in sinners, such as we? What means the declaration traced in the centime of yon orbed window, but that our peace, comfort and salvation are centered in the triune Godhead ? What means the lamb pencilled over organ and choir, but that all our praise is due unto Him who hath loved us and washed us from our sins in his blood ? What means that open Bible, translucent with the light of Heaven, and shedding its beams down upon the head of the preacher, save that God's word is the source of His wisdom, and the hiding-place of His power ? What mean these inscriptions on the walls, over arch, aisle and door, except, not that Rome has a monopoly of Scripture or of Heaven, but that the Son of God is the impregnable foundation of the Christian Church, and faith in Him the only way of entering His kingdom and glory? And what signify these colors, which cling so fondly to the instructed eye, and bind the very senses to the chariot wheels of ce- lestial meditation, save that God Himself would be worshipped in the beauty of ho- liness ? There are very few of us appre- ciate the nobleness and sacredness of color. It is not a subordinate beauty. It is not a mere source of sensual pleasure. He who says so, speaks carelessly. What would the world be if the blue were taken from the sky, and the gold from stars and suns, and the silver from the moon, and the ver- dure from the leaves, and the crimson from the blood of man, and the flush from the cheek, the radiance from the eye, and the whole earth were clothed in an ashen gray? Should we not then know what we owe to color? The fact is, that of all God's gifts to the sight of man, color is the holiest, the most beautiful and divine. The great architect of the world has employed colors in His creation as the accompaniment of all that is purest and most precious. He has laid the foundations of His temple in jasper and sapphire, and garnished its blue dome with stars of light. We shall not worship Him in less hohness, if we worship Him in more beauty than our fathers knew. Even as we gaze upon the outline of the chief buildings which have been reared for Christ, our thoughts must be insensibly affected. In the training of the soul we must subordinate the senses to the service of religion. And the beauty of the church is not a poor teacher, for the eye cannot choose but see, and it will sug- gest to the imagination, to the heart of 400 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. many a man, the supremacy, the great- ness, the solitary magnificence of God. There are many tendencies of thought in our day that sei"ve to obscure this primal truth. Men are wont to merge Jehovah in the work of His hands, or to deny the ex- istence of His Son. The great questions which are debated around us, touch not simply the person of Jesus Christ, but the existence of God himself. Skeptical in- fluences are being constantly infiltrated into the thought of society, into the minds of the young, and into the life of the world. Now this church takes such debated and assailed truths, and a great deal else, for granted. It stands to the minds of the very youth that play and wander under its shadow, in the place of an argument. It represents in a visible, material form the settled faith of the church. It lends new charm to that faith. It tacitly forces the truth of God's majestic separation from, and infinite superiority to. His creatures, fairly in upon the intelligence of a child. It does more. It forces in upon his con- viction, also, the nearness of God to man, and the love which He bears to us. This is God's house, separate from the whirl of the streets, from the passion of the hour, from the jostle of life. It stands alone among other buildings, unlike them all, more massive, more imposing, more elegant. But its doors are open. The mighty noise of its music swells through its arches. Its floor is moistened by the tears of love and penitence. The King Himself holds court in it, and His wor- shippers throng His presence, and carry away His bounty. So its silent and me- lodious eloquence is ever more of man's distance from God, of God's nearness to man. Will God in very deed dwell with man? The temple of prayer answers the question as no argument can. Some of us may remember when our minds were first opening in a world of thought, and groping their way in the twilight toward a deeper and higher knowledge. Into this mental confusion, how would not a mate- rial symbol of the truth have helped to in- troduce the welcome reign of light and order? Tell a child that revealed reHgion is the highest of all truths, that all other truth leads up to it, or radiates from it, and he will faintly, if at all, guess your meaning. He has not yet climbed high enough to get your idea. But throw your doctrine into a concrete form, so that his eye, and ear and imagination shall be taken captive ; let it speak to him from the timbers and beams of the house, from the colors of its walls and ceilings, from the stones of its foundations and structure, from the music of its organ, as well as from the lips of the preacher, and you shall speedily make your way to his thought and to his heart, and give him a lasting form and impress. . He may not be con- scious of the powers at work upon him, or the result achieved within him. He will receive the moulding influence as the tree drinks in its verdure, as the flower absorbs its loveliest tints from the air and sunlight, but it will form his character and his habit, and give him a lifelong loyalty to the truth he has received. As the years pass over him, and full of good service, with the peace of his God and Savior in his soul, he feels that he is sinking towards his grave, he will look back, perchance, to this church as the first instructor of his im- mortal spirit. Here was mapped out the truth which came from Heaven, and which can alone redeem a sinful or sustain a dying man. He will then remember how in the home of his youth, when all naked statement of truth would have been lost upon him, there was one building among many, noblest in its proportions, richest in its ornamentation, which pointed to a truth, the knowledge and love of which was life eternal. And his gratitude, multiplied by the gratitude of others, from genera- tion to generation, will justify the wisdom of those builders, who would not suffer their eyes to sleep, nor their eyelids to slumber, nor the temples of their heads to take any rest, until they had found a temple of the Lord, a habitation for the God of Jacob. He, and such as he, till the last stone is not left upon another, will bless those who thus set forth, in language which all could understand, the preciousness, the unap- MONTPELIER. 401 preached preciousness of our divine Re- deemer's gospel. 2. A second use of the material temple is the culture of reverence. Reverence is not merely a virtue, to find its exercise when we go to church. It ought to be the habit of the soul. Reverence is the recognition of greatness. It is the soul seeing something higher, better, nobler than itself. Woe to him who has no en- thusiasm, no passionate love for persons, services or institutions which represent God, and who, therefore, has no rever- ence ; who believes that there is no great- ness before which it should be his happi- ness to lie prostrate, and towards which he may not aspire. Nothing is more cer- tain than the intellectual and moral deg- radation of him who never feels veneration or love. The sneer which he lavishes on all around, reacts on his own moral life. The insolence which marks his address is traced in every line of his face. He whose motto is "Nil admirari;" who sees no good in what others respect ; who never looks through the clear crystal lens of gen- erous appreciation on a beauty or a great- ness that is not his own, will sooner or later win the indignation or the compassion of his fellow men. So deeply did one semi-infidel feel this to be true, that he is said to have declared, that if God did not exist, it would be nec- essary to invent Him for the use of the educator of the human mind. It is only the sight of God which creates reverence. Hence the church alone is the school of reverence. The church of Christ alone brings God home to the human soul. Na- ture knows not God. For a moment it seems to detect Him in the starry heav- ens, or in the stormy sea ; or in the fra- grant freshness of the summer air ; or in the calm brilliancy of a perfect landscape. But it only admires. It has no heart for reverence, because it has no heart for ad- oration. It banishes God behind a sys- tem of laws. But the Gospel, on the other hand, is the religion of Immanuel, God with us. He is with us in His Providence, in His power, in His wisdom, in His love. He is with us in His advent, in His tempta- tion ; in His ministry, in His passion ; in His resurrection, in His sacraments. Ever since the incarnation, the " tabernacle of God is with men." The Shekinah has rent the veil of the temple, and come forth among us. We know that He is not far from any one of us. We express this knowledge when we speak of Him ; when we keep His Word ; when we enter the place of His assembly. It is in the vis- ible, material church we learn reverence by precept and example. The silence, which is only broken that man may speak of God, or to God ; the adoring attitudes of devout worshippers ; the chant which raises the soul above the world ; the con- fession which opens upon it, through flashes of moral light, the true sight of the Most Holy ; these things suggest, day by day, year by year, a sympathetic attitude of the spirit. They succeed, at last, in persuading us to bend before Him who is the object and explanation of what is going on around us. They cry out, as if with one voice, to the soul, and the voice does not die away, " Oh, come, let us worship and fall down and kneel before the Lord our Maker." And thus a constant attend- ant at the church learns an inward habit, which is the safeguard of his intellect, the charm and lusti"e of his social life, the aroma of his character and intercourse, and the final deliverance and redemption of his soul. Very few lovers of the church and of church-going, find their way down to death. Their path is a shining one. They learn at last the value of the blood of atonement ; the glory of the Savior, and a hearty recognition of His supreme beauty. The profound yearnings of the spirit, which bring them within the house of God, are at length satisfied. The message of light and pardon, repeated week by week, is at last heard. Men may murmur about the dullness of the sermon ; but for every soul that is alive to the terrible mysterious- ness of life and death, and who resorts to the place where it may find God and come even to His seat, there is a freshness and perpetual interest in the Gospel message. He who seeks its repetition will learn the 51 402 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. secret of its power, and find the peace which it brings. "It was here," some will say, of this very church," " it was here, O my Lord and my God, that I learned to know and love Thee, and found out my own misery, and felt the grace and sweet- ness of thy pity and thy pardon. It was here I learned the awfulness and blessed- ness of life, the greatness of eternity." And many a redeemed soul will sing here- after, " Lord Jesus, in this, Thy temple, I told Thee my sins and my sorrows, was washed in Thy blood, and saw Thy glory face to face." 3. Another use of the material temple, is to assist the culture of the conscience. The moral sense learns and grows by dis- cipline. Ever since Christ drove the money-changers out of the house of prayer, the conscience has had new light upon the sacredness of places of worship and the duties of religion. Doubtless the con- science is roused and trained by association as well as by authority. It is informed and invigorated by every opportunity for good or for evil. There are seasons in every man's life when he finds himself face to face with forms of evil, upon resistance to which his whole eternity depends. For many a falterer this church may strike the trembling balance in his favor. The strug- gle, of which his soul is the scene, may here be laid bare before the all Holy and Merciful. The temptation to lust, or cru- elty, or avarice, or selfishness, or coward- ice of soul, may be exorcised, or, at least, lose half its force in the scenes and ser- vices of this building. When all has seemed to be lost, and the darkness of sin has well nigh settled down upon the heart, then God here turns himself again, and looks down from Heaven, and beholds and visits in mercy. There are, indeed, those to whose conscience the church says noth- ing. But with the great majority it is not so. Its services, its ministers, nay, the very lines and beauties of its architecture, are destined to be intertwined with the deep secrets of many a spirit, and to have their place in the checkered history of thought and hope, of fear and passion, of suffering and joy, which will be revealed by the light of another world. And among the spiritual mysteries which will here- after be known as belonging to these walls, not the least will be their silent contribu- tion to the growth of the moral sense. 4. Nor shall it be without its effect in shaping the aims and unfolding the pur- poses of many a life. This life it teaches us is not a game of chance, or a decree of fate, the sport of events, or the result of fixed necessity. Each man is instructed by it and in it, that he is to hallow his earthly life by a religious principle. It stands as a perpetual memorial of God and of human responsibility in the very centre and heart of secular business and strife ; an unchangeable teacher of man's obliga- tion to make his life a single tribute to God's glory. And this church, in itself, in its services, is destined to have a large influence upon men's purposes in life ; is destined to brace their wills to the right, to promote their obedience to the truth, to open their hearts to a larger destiny than would have been possible without it. In the very proportion of its inspiring and im- pressive beauty, it is to become a helper of our souls in all good. Here our hearts will be opened, and kept open. The very place that is filled with fragrant perfume of the spicery that has been poured on Christ's head, will assist the soul to a better life. Creatures of association as we are, here our wills will be directed and strengthened ; here our whole inward life will get a unity and force, which will tell both in time and eternity. Here provision may be made for the dark days that are coming, "for in the time of trouble He shall hide me in His tabernacle ; yea, in the secret place of His dwelling shall He hide me, and set me upon a Rock." In dedicating this church, we do not gratify a mere artistic or aesthetic senti- ment. We do not inaugurate a monu- ment, which the economy of common sense, or the demand of Christian love, might deem superfluous. For this church, in all its lofty beauty, is a hymn of praise to the Son of God, and embodies and gives shape to the essential features of the Christian work and life. The ministries MONTPELIER. 403 and associations, the very roof and win- dows, the very tower and buttresses of this building, are destined to mould practically the daily life of those who are here to learn to face the battle of life as men and Chris- tians should face it. And here, too, many a modest flower will catch a Divine inspi- ration, and blossom into lovely and fra- grant beauty, and shed its incense of praise, until it shall be transferred to a more glorious temple, to bloom there love- lier and forever. Such a church, we trust, will do more than promote the intellectual and moral growth of those who worship in it, of the community around it. It will do more than cultivate taste and art. It will open men's hearts to God. It will help them toward Christ. It will teach them the rare graces of Christianity. It is the product of self-denial. It will be its teacher too. This church is no mere offering of that which has cost nothing. It is the gift of love, and love lives by sacrifice. Love is not the desire to have. It is the passion to give. And we trust that this church will be to us a means of grace in this respect, and perpetually teach us that all the best things of life come by our sac- rifices, and that our proudest, divinest sat- isfaction will arise in the future from our most generous offerings to the service, work, and glory of God. This house will show us, so long as it stands, that our best riches, our richest feelings and delights come from our largest gifts to God. Learn we this, if nothing else to-day, that joy comes by giving to Christ. It is more blessed to give than to receive. And thus this building will have manifold influences upon our souls. Hereafter we shall know how these lines of beauty, on which our eyes now rest with tranquil pleasure or cu- rious admiration, have been graven deep in many a memory, and have linked for- ever many a soul's inmost life with the eye and hand of the Creator. 5. Another use of such a material edi- fice as this, is to render more attractive the system and polity of faith and worship with which it is connected. It will add a charm to the Congregational order and service. There is no reason why the ex- cellent order of our New England fathers should not make all the warm sentiments of our nature tributary to its growth. None, why its beams and timbers should not breathe the very odors of the cedars of Lebanon. None, why its garments should not smell of myrrh and aloes and cassia out of the ivory palaces. It is the church of our fathers, the old homestead and sanctuary of our hearts, full of rich mem- ories, of dear associations, of priceless legacies of faith and hope and patience from those who have left the earthly con- gregation and gone above the stars. This simple, beautiful and cathoHc polity is the very daughter of the King. She has trusted so much to her intrinsic and im- perial grace as to laugh at outward adorn- ing. She has been so beautiful and glo- rious within, that her friends have dreamed not of her exterior robing and drapery. But she is all glorious within, and why should not her clothing be of wrought gold. In her places of assembly the saints have sat and worshipped, and why should not her gates be jasper, her walls chalcedony, and her arches and ceilings traced with the colors of the rainbow. Within her sanctuary, millions without number have learned the new song, and why should not the frescoed arches of her roof resound with the anthem of the organ. It will not do altogether to despise the moral uses of material beauty. It will not do for a church to be beneath the intelligence, the taste and the wealth of a community. We may make art our master and we may make it our servant. We have too much abjured it as either. We may now give to it its proper place, as a helper and minister in our great and noble work. The day is past for Israel to dwell in tents or in barns. When she needs to do it, she may, nor will she lose the ark and the covenant and the shekinah. But when she needs not to do it, she must exchange her tabernacle for a temple ; for even Christ demands what we can give Him, and He who is worshipped in spirit and in truth, would have the worship of His house conform to our taste and wealth and love. The es- sence of Puritanism was not hatred of 404 VERMONT HISTORICAL SOCIETY. beauty, but love of Christ ; and wherever love of Christ may prompt to a more beau- tiful temple, the spirit of the fathers will linger, and Elijah's robe may fall upon Elisha's shoulders. The prophet of fire may make way for the Prophet of Peace. Our church has fought a noble battle for Christ under a leader nobler than itself; nor need it now be weary of its work, nor fear to adapt its usages and forms to the exigencies of future conflicts. So long as it keeps the old spirit, it may not hesitate to avail itself of new formal attractions. After Christ had gone into the heavens, and the old temple of Mount Moriah had perished, and the arch of Constantine was built, the temples that had been construct- ed for the service of divided and local gods were pressed into the service of the One God. Every form and .symbol, it was be- lieved, which belonged to the old world, might be claimed as the spoil and heritage of that which succeeded it. But one and another form which had pressed into its service the roughest stone, the richest marble and the rarest art, could as little resist the idolatrous tendencies of the heart as Solomon's temple had done. All came at last to feed the earth-born tastes which they had boasted they could subdue and sanctify. Then the idea grew up that such tem- ples stifled the Spirit ; that art was a dan- gerous ally of devotion ; that the most ugly building was the one that God was most likely to inhabit; that the upright and pure soul was his only true temple. They were very beautiful and true words, and pointed to high truths, just as the towers and minarets of the old temples pointed to them ; but they are just as little able to reach and preserve them. Hardness, se- verity, dogmatism, could hide itself where there seemed to be only the utmost sim- plicity and barrenness of form. But both were false. Each doctrine is unscriptural and fatal. The one gave religion bound as a captive into the hands of art, and made its services fantastical, sensuous and corrupt. The other gives God's beautiful universe up to the devil, as his rightful possession, and makes him the monopolist of all that attracts and charms our bodily sense. The one bound the invisible under the dominion of the visible. The other tramples the life out of the material and visible. We do wisely, then, as our fath- ers would have done had they had the war- fare of our day on their hands, when we aim to make all that is artistic and all that is beautiful, bring their tributes and lay them at the feet of Christ ; we should ex- clude nothing that makes our polity more attractive and effective. While we do not doubt that its essential glory is the pres- ence of Christ in its service, we shall not be likely to exalt any form of outward beauty above its intrinsic worth. . Nor is our Congregational system un- worthy that it should avail itself of all the helps and ministries of beauty. A gener- ous, practical catholicity may well dwell in a palace. A church that does not assume to declare its own organization as com- mensurate with the Church of God, which allows of diversity of ceremony and un- essential form, might well have a royal tabernacle. If we believed in augury and signs, we might easily translate into a happy omen the gentle inclination of obeisance which the cross on yon Roman tower has been making for the year that is past, to Bethany church. For why should not the least denominational, sectarian, ex- clusive and arrogant of all the churches, receive, like Joseph's sheaf, the homage of all its brethren? We love this Congregational polity. In it the life takes precedence of the form, and we would irradiate with its life a beautiful form. Nor would we refuse our fellowship to those who have the same spirit, but a narrower and contracted form. We have no Shibboleth to utter. We have no rit- ualistic bed on which to stretch or shorten the human spirit. We have no old judaistic skins in which to pour the new wine of the Gospel. We give to every church, to every man, the largest possible liberty. In the midst of a sisterhood of Christian de- nominations, we boast that we are not de- nominational. We call each Christian brother — we call every living church a sis- ter church. It is not a word fellowship ; MONTPELIER. 405 we can welcome all to our congregation, to our ordinances, to our table. We love this freedom of church, a freedom to give as well as to receive — to give the hospital- ity of our pulpits, our sacraments and our charities. We give an earnest protest against sec- tarian exclusiveness, and ask only that a man should love our Lord Jesus Christ in order to our communion. We hold our- selves at liberty to love a Pascal and Fenelon, a Tillotson and Beveridge, a Calvin and Luther, a Williams and Wesley. And when we see some good brethren of other churches put into the strait-jacket of their own creeds or ritual, and kept from a hospitality and a charity which Christ re- quires, and their own hearts intensely de- sire, by their ecclesiastical order, I rejoice that we are under no such bondage, and under no sad necessity to prove that the blood of the Son of God only runs in the veins of our own denomination. And why should not an unsectarian church, the oldest, most numerous and most inde- pendent in New England, by far ; rich in members, influence, position and history ; rich in the records of the living and in the rolls of her dead ; with no necessity of pleading for additions to her numbers with that resistless earnestness with which a hungry man cries for bread, and with a disposition to give bread to all that per- ish, why should not such a church have suitable dwellings for its sanctuaries? Why should not the garments of such a broad and catholic polity be of Tyrian dyes, and its habitation be fashioned after the simil- itude of a palace ? And we have reason to bless God for the generous Christian en- terprise and cultivated Christian taste which are coming to be shown in the mem- bers of our faith and order in the erection of their churches. Finally, a noble material temple, such as this, is prophetic. It suggests and fore- shadows a future history. We cannot but have been struck, as we entered it this morning, with a building so simple in its plan, yet so ornate and splendid in its de- tail ; so lavishly decorated, and yet so en- tirely useful and practical ; such a beautiful specimen of the taste and art of our time, and yet so wholly subservient to an end be- yond. I should misinterpret the spirit that has raised these walls, if I should bid you mark only the wealth of form and color that meets your eyes, or ask you to contrast it with the primitive models of our puritan architecture. We, at least, who have done something towards raising this temple of God, may feel that its beauties should enrich us with lessons of deeper and more practical value than can attach to anything which can be measured by the eye or sense. Its real interest to us, lies in its future and in its results. To us, and to our children, it may be indeed, for gen- erations, a Bethany ; the home of Christ and his friends ; a place of wondrous mir- acles and benedictions ; the scene of large growths of spiritual character, that shall rival the cedars of Lebanon or the palm trees of Olivet. It will be a dear house- hold name which shall be embalmed in thoughts and feelings as fragrant as cluster about the old Bethany of the Son of God. The hopes and dreams of the past are crystalized into stone. We shall admire it more and more, love it more and more, as it becomes associated with all that is sacred and tender in our spiritual histories. Slowly but surely it will be the nucleus and habitation of a family of Christ which shall be ever forming, and ever separating and re-forming in the skies. We shall count no cost it has brought, no sacrifice we have made, for we have sown seed here that shall bear successive harvests of light and peace and joy while the world stands. We have broken the alabaster box on the head of our Savior, and who shall say that it shall have no memorial in the future? It will foster a large generosity, and be at once the proof and the helper of benefi- cence in the cause of Christ. It will wit- ness the vows, the prayers and the tears ot our posterity, and its manifest presence will bring them the blessings they seek. To thousands of eyes and imaginations it will sing of the glory of the upper temple ; that glory which eye hath not seen, but which the eye shall yet see and be satis- fied. It will help our thoughts upward in 4o6 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. their flights, and earthly architecture will be the symbol to us of the heavenly, the divine pattern of that which is in the king- dom of God. We have laid these stones and spread these arches and traced these colors, not as a show of veneration, not to put our love on exhibition, not to assure men that we believe in Christ, and can prove our faith on so magnificent a scale ; but the building itself is a part of ourcom- munion.with Heaven. It is an invocation of trust. It is a sentence of praise. It is a hymn we sing, a prayer we offer. It stands in a line with the Stone of Bethel, with the Shekinah of the tabernacle, with the temple on Mount Moriah, "with the synagogue of Nazareth, with the upper chamber where the bread from heaven was the food and the blood of Christ was the wme, and with the room at Jerusalem, where the tongues of fire preached at the dedication of Christendom, and the Holy Spirit inaugurated the visible church for the nations." And if any object that all this richness is needless, we say more, that it prefigures to our dull sense a wider and grander glory than we see. It is a mortal means to an immortal end. It lifts our gross under- standing. It images a beauty that tran- scends it. It is the hinder part of the glory that is inconceivable. It is the gate of Heaven and the vestibule of the Holy of Holies. It signifies more than we can at once receive. It is a stray fragment of the upper temple, a Gloria in Excelsis, amid the loud din and stir of the world around it. And each sweet melody or prolonged harmony of the princely organ is but a foretaste of that music whose won- drous noise fills the wide spaces of Heaven. Here we stand but on the threshold of mu.sic. The infinite combinations of the two thousand pipes of this instrument can never be made by the most skillful mortal player. The loftiest art can never com- pass a tithe of its harmonies. There is no sound without its significance, no organ without its antitype. And when this in- strument accompanies the simplest hymn which comes from the lips of childhood, or some grand old hallelujah chant of Asaph, or prayer of David's, or pours forth its melodious strains like the rolling of a river or the rushing of a tide, I know it is a faint, yet but the faintest type of that surg- ing flood of sound which shall fill the heavens when the redeemed and the angels shall open the seven-fold chorus of halle- lujahs and harping symphonies. The solemn grandeur, or plaintive melody, or jubilant exultation of its manifold combi- nations, are a feeble prophecy of what that music will be when the voice of the whole church of God, the twelve-fold chorus of Israel's ransomed, shall join with all the trumpets and harps sounding on the other side, in the unimagined crescendo and glo- rious dechachord of Eternity. Thus we read the future in the present, and the temple of to-day is a prophecy of that wor- ship and that temple, "When all the halls of Zion For aye shall be complete. And in the land of beauty All things of beauty meet. Where tears are ever banished And smiles have no alloy. With jasper glow thy bulwarks. Thy courts with emeralds blaze. The sardius and the topaz Unite in thee their rays; Thine ageless walls are bonded With amethyst unpriced. Thy Saints build up its fabric. And the Comer Stone is Christ." And now what wait we for ? What re- mains but that you should perfect your work? If this building is to be all and more than we pray or think ; if it is to be the habitation of God and the fountain of nameless blessings to you and to your children to the last generation ; if He who dwells in the highest Heavens is to make it His tabernacle, and in very deed dwell with us, and vouchsafe His spiritual pres- ence, power and glory in His temple, I now call upon you to offer to Him this build- ing, and dedicate it to His sole service, and to the honor and praise of His dear Son. [The keys were here presented, and the building offered for dedication, by D. Taft, Esq.] Acceptance and Dedication, By Prof. M. H. Buckham. MONTPELIER. 407 We receive this building at your hands. I ask you now to rise and stand upon your feet, as we offer it as our gift to Almighty God, and dedicate it to the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost. With one ac- cord let us consecrate it to the Master's glory, to Christ and the Church. And as the dedication of the church is vain with- out the solemn consecration of the wor- shippers too, I call upon you all to dedi- cate yourselves to the service of God. To Him may your souls be dedicated. To Him may your bodies be dedicated. To Him may your spirits be dedicated. And that He may graciously accept this solemn act, I call upon you all now to pray. Anthem. Benediction, By Rev. L. Tenney. Missionaries : — Mrs. Sarah Coleman, married Erastus Dean of Salisbury, and went from this Church to the Cherokee Mission about 40 or 50 years since, Mrs. Emeline (Bradshaw) Dodge, and Mrs. Coleman, who married Freder'k Ellsworth. Samuel Mosely from this place went to the Choctaw Mission, and Mrs. Lucinda (Washburn) Wright, who married a mis- sionary not from this State. ART AND NATURE — VERMONT IN SUMMER. We have no quarrel with art. It is the province of man's genius. It is the realm of his skill and intelligence. But we have a greater love for nature. It is the prov- ince of God's genius, the realm of his in- finite intelligence and power. He never paints. He creates. The glory and sweet- ness and marvels of life are the effects of His handiwork. In perpetual change in har- mony with invariable law He finds the se- cret and hiding of His power. There are some galleries of art that are especially in- teresting. The Louvre ravishes the inexpe- rienced eye. But the Dresden and Floren- tine halls never weary the cultivated vis- ion and the instructed taste. Men travel across the sea, time and again, to look upon these triumphs of human genius. There are bright pictures in other gal- leries worth the price of an European tour to look at but once. The mar- riage of St. Catherine, and the infant Sa- viour in the Vatican, haunts the mem- ory like an imperishable dream. A few great paintings in certain salons stand out from all the rest like the face of Denner in the Imperial collection at Vienna; or a few unsurpassed art collections attract the attention of all tourists, like the Academy of St. Luke in Rome. And it is the same in nature. A few regions God has made more beautiful than others. His hand has fash- ioned some dreams or symbols of heaven in certain landscapes of earth. And we have always thought that the Almighty in- tended, when He formed the hills of Ver- mont, and shook out the green drapery of the forests over their sloping shoulders, and made them fall in folds like the robe of a king along their sides, to give us a dim picture of the new creation and the celes- tial realm. Italy is a land of rarer sunsets and deeper sky, of haunting songs and grander memories ; Switzerland is a region of more towering sublimity and unapproach- able grandeur, but in all the galleries of God, there is none that so shows the ex- quisite genius of creative art ; the blending of all that is beautiful and attractive, with nothing to terrify the eye ; the mingling of much of the material glory, both of the earth and the heavens, with so little to ap- pall the sense. Vermont in summer is the Almighty's noblest gallery of divine art. We never traverse its valleys or climb its hills, in this sweetest of all months ; we never lie down on the banks where the wild thyme blows, or under the shade of the balsam or the fir ; we never trace the mountain streams and watch for the silver flashes which tempt the silent, gentle angler, who "handles his worm tenderly," to throw his fly ; we never penetrate the secret places in the heart of the hills, or watch the pleasant wooing which is always going on in shady places between the rip- pHng waters and the ash, the beech and the willow, which bend to kiss them as they pass, without a grateful sense of the riches of God, and an irrepressible wish to share them with our friends whose sense of beauty is mainly nurtured at human sources. — Rev. Mr. Lord in the Vermont Watchman. 4o8 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. "THE CHURCH OF THE MESSIAH." INDEPENDENT. BY REV. J. EDWAUD WRIGHT. It seems appropriate to introduce a sketch of this society, with some account of Unitarian and Universalist work done in Montpelier before 1864. "In an ac- count of the religious condition of the town previous to 181 1, the late Rev. Chester Wright stated that previous to 1800, there had rarely been any preaching except by the Methodists ; that the increased popula- tion from 1800 was divided into various sects, the largest number professing Uni- versalism." Among the prominent men among the first settlers who avowed them- selves Universalists were Gen. Pearley Davis and his brother Hezekiah, Capt. Stephen Foster, Mr. Arthur Daggett, Es- quire Sibley, and Capt. Isaac Putnam. Rev. Paul Dean, who was the Universalist minister in Barre in 1808, and for some years thereafter, preached occasionally in Montpelier, as did other ministers of that sect from time to time. Universalists par- ticipated, under the leadership of Gen. Davis, in building the Union meeting- house, at the Center of the town, at an early date. Later, they eflfected a sep- arate organization, and built a substantial brick house of worship at the East village, and later still, the same society, while con- tinuing to use the brick house, built an- other, of wood, at the North village. " The following list of Universalist preachers in Montpelier, has been gathered from Wal- ton's Register : 1833, John M. Currier; 1834, John M. Austin ; 1835, B. H. Fuller, J. Wright; 1836, J. Wright; 1837, '38, John Gregory; 1839, J. Wright, J. Boy- den ; i840-'66, Eli Ballou ; 1867, '70, J. O. Skinner; 187 1, Eli Ballou." But it is not to be understood that all of these ministers were engaged in preach- ing in Montpelier during the years set against their names. No doubt all re- sided here, and some of them preached within the limits of the old town of Mont- pelier, but some were employed elsewhere. For some 17 years preceding 1830, little or nothing was done to sustain Universal- ism in this town ; but about the year 1831, a society was organized in what is now Montpelier, prominent in which were such men as Wooster Sprague, (who started the enterprise,) Simeon S. Post, Dr. J. Y. Dewey, Richard W. Hyde, Alfred Wain- wright, Araunah Waterman, Mahlon Cot- trill, Edward Brown, Joel Goldsbury, and General Shubael Flint. The Rev. John M. Austin served as pastor of this society forsome3 years, when he was called to Dan- vers, Mass. The meetings were held in the old State House, near the present Pa- vilion. After Mr. Austin left, the society had no regular meetings ; but occasionally a meeting was held by them in the Mason- ic Hall, the Rev. John E. Palmer of Barre, and the Rev. Rus.sell Streeter, and others, occupying the desk from time to time, until 1840, when Rev. Eli Ballou bought "The Christian Repository," and removed from Stowe to Montpelier to edit and publish it. He preached a part of the time for several months after coming to town, in Masonic Hall, but found himself too much octupied otherwise, to justify his continuing the ef- fort. In 1 85 1, he obtained the assistance of Rev. John S. Lee, (now Prof, in Canton Theological School) ; a new society, called "The Liberal Christian Church," was or- ganized ; and meetings were regularly held for 2 years in the "Free Church," (now " Capital Hall,") the first year by Messrs. Ballou and Lee, alternately, the second year by Mr. Ballou alone. But the dis- couragements proved too great to be over- come, and another long period of inaction followed. Very few Unitarian ministers had ever been heard in Montpelier ; and only occa- sionally had an avowed Spiritualist given a lecture, or a " seance." Among the for- mer the Rev G. W. Burnap, D. D., of Baltimore, Md., (whose sister was the mother of our honored townsmen, Charles and George Reed), the Rev. A. A. Liver- more of Keene, N. H., the Rev. Chas. Brooks of Hingham, Mass., and the Rev. Mr. Ingersoll of Burlington, preached here at different times. But in October of 1864, Mr. Charles A. Allen, a graduate of Harvard College in 1858, and of Meadville Theological School MONTPELIER. 409 in 1864, began, in the spirit of a missiona- ry, to hold meetings in Montpelier, to which ' ' liberal christians" of whatever de- nomination, were especially invited. The congregations met first in "Village Hall," but soon permission was obtained, — (not without opposition however), — to occupy the Court House ; and for more than a year the meetings were held there. The number who assembled, hardly more than a dozen at first, rapidly increased. A so- ciety was formed in Dec. 1864, under the title of "The Montpelier Independent Meeting House Society." In March of the next year Mr. Allen was ordained in the " Brick Church," Rev. R. P. Stebbins, D. D., preaching the sermon. The society soon proceeded to build a house of worship on the north-west corner of Main and School streets, which was dedicated Jan. 25, 1866, under the name of " The Church of the Messiah," Rev. F. Frothingham preaching the sermon. The cost of the site, the building, and the organ was about $20,000. "The Covenant of Christian Fellowship in the Church of the Messiah," adopted May 19, 1867, reads as follows: "We write our names to this Covenant in the faith and fellowship of Christian disciples ; trusting in God our Father in heaven, ac- cepting the Gospel of Christ as our sover- eign law, and resolving, by the help ot God, to live in honesty and charity with all men, and in Christian faithfulness with one another." Among those active in the organization of this society were Richard W. Hyde, Col. Levi Boutwell, Hon. W. G. Ferrin, Joel Foster, Jr., Hon. Nelson A. Chase, Hon. Daniel Baldwin, Hon. Charles Reed, George W. Reed, Dr. G. N. Brigham, H. S. Loomis, L. B. Huntington, Rev. Dr. EH Ballou, Albert Johonnott, George Wat- son, W. F. Braman, Hon. J. A. Wing, and, in most cases the wives of these gen- tlemen. While the society was yet occupying the Court House, they organized a Sunday school, which has been at various dates under the superintendence of the pastors, and Hon. Charles Reed, Hon. N. A. Chase, Messrs. Geo. W. Wing, Joel Fos- ter, Jr., Albert Johonnott, and Fred Blan- chard. Its library contains [1881] over 500 bound volumes, besides pamphlets. The teachers and scholars on its roll have together numbered for several years about 140, though the attendance has only occa- sionally exceeded 100. The number of families connected with the society through some or all of their members is over 200. Mr. Allen's pastorate continued about 5 years. In the fall of 1869, he obtained leave of absence for a trip to Europe, and the Rev. J. Edward Wright, a native of Montpelier, was engaged to supply his place for a year. While away, Mr. Allen tendered his resignation, which was ac- cepted, and Mr. Wright became the pas- tor, and yet continues in that position. The society has never been embarrassed by any considerable debt ; and, altho' com- posite in its membership, comprising Uni- tarians, Universalists, some Spiritualists, and not a few formerly associated yith dif- ferent "orthodox" denominations, has throughout its existence enjoyed remarka- ble harmony, and almost uninterrupted prosperity. Too much praise can not be given to Mr. Allen for the hopefulness and zeal with which he, unsummoned, began the enterprise, and for the energy, and tact, and persistence, and untiring activity with which he labored, gathering the peo- ple .together, uniting them with a common purpose, inspiring them with the convic- tion that they could build a church, and communicating to them his own spirit of faithfulness and self-sacrificing devotion. THE CHRISTIAN REPOSITORY. In 1833 Rev. John M. Austin, then pas- tor of a Universalist Society in Montpelier village, and Rev. B. H. Fuller, bought "The Universalist Watchman and Chris- tian Repository," of Rev. William Bell, who had published it a few years in Wood- stock, and changed the place of publication to Montpelier. Mr. Austin dissolved his connection with the paper in a short time, on his removal to Danvers, Mass., but Mr. Fuller continued the publication two or three years, when he sold half his interest 52 410 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. to Rev. John Moore of Lebanon, N. H. The paper was removed to Lebanon, and published there a year or two by Messrs. Moore and Fuller. Then, about the year 1838, Rev. Joseph Wright became the pro- prietor, and Montpelier was again made the place of publication. Rev. John E. Palmer and others co-operating with Mr. Wright in the work. In January, 1840, Rev. Eli Ballou, then of Stowe, purchased the paper and contin- ued its publication regularly as a weekly journal during 30 years, or until May, 1870, when he sold it to the •' Boston Universal- ist Publishing House," and thus the paper was merged in " The Universalist," known at the present date as "The Christian Leader." CHRIST CHURCH, MONTPELIER, VT. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF CHRIST CHURCH. BY HIKAM ATKINS, ESQ. The first confirmation in Montpelierwas in 1839, when Bishop Hopkins visited the Capital, and administered that apostolic rite in the meeting-house of the Metho- dists, to Mrs. S. P. Redfield, Mrs. J. M. Richardson and Hon. Isaac F. Redfield ; the first of these being at that time the only person in Montpelier reared in the Church. In 1840, Christ Church Parish was im- perfectly organized, and reported to the Diocesan Convention in September by Mr. George B. Manser, a candidate for holy orders, there being four confirmations that year. In 1841 the first parish meeting was held, and George B. Manser, Isaac F. Redfield, J. Y. Dewey, S. P. Redfield, A. C. Pierce, H. N. Baylies, and Daniel Baldwin, were elected vestrymen. S. P. Redfield served 15 years, until 1858, and Dr. J. Y. Dewey from 1841 until 187 1, ex- cept from 1866 to '68, when he was at his own request excused from service. During Dr. Dewey's last two years of service he was senior warden. In 1842 the parish was represented in Di- ocesan Convention by George B. Manser, a lay delegate. Sept. 21, 1842, Mr. Manser was made a deacon, and took charge of the parish. During this year it was fully organized, and the work of building a church, on the site now occupied by the "Riverside" building, set about, the funds being raised by subscription and sale of pews. Dec. 29, 1842, the church was con- secrated, and regular service commenced Jan. 15, 1843. June 7, Mr. Manser was advanced to the priesthood, and became Rector. The Diocesan Convention met in Montpelier, Sept. 20, 1843, ^^d Hon. Isaac F. Redfield represented the parish as lay delegate, being the first regular del- egate. In 1845, the first contribution for church work outside was made by the parish — $12.70, the sum not being so im- portant as the spirit of the gift was signifi- cant. In 1846 the ladies of the parish raised $100 for a bell. In 1848, Mr. Manser resigned his charge, the place being temporarily filled by Rev. F. W. Shelton, who officiated for Mr. Manser 8 months, from Oct. 1847, to June, 1848. The following September, Mr. Manser returned, but finally resigned in 1849, and Jan. 18, 1850, the Rev. E. F. Putnam became rector. During this year the bell in the tower of the present church was procured, at a cost of $250. In 1849, Hon. Timothy P. Redfield was elected a vestryman, and has served continuously to the present, having been senior and junior MONTPELIER. 411 warden several years, lay delegate to the Diocesan Convention, and lay delegate to represent the Diocese in the General Con- vention. In 1850, Hon. Charles Dewey was chosen a vestryman, and has held the position almost continuously until the present time, and he is now senior warden. In 1850, the parish had increased in num- bers enough to entitle it to two lay del- egates in the Diocesan Convention, and Messrs. T. P. Redfield and Chas. Dewey were the first who went there together. This year, Hon. S. B. Colby was chosen one of the vestry, and remained a member of it until the election of 1864, when he was not re-elected, having removed to Washington, D. C, to assume the duties of Register of the Treasury, which position he filled until his decease in 1867. In 1852, the debt was reported reduced, and extinguished in 1865. The first Sun- day in June, 1854, the Rev. E. F. Putnam, who was a much-loved rector of the par- ish, died at St. Albans, having been com- pelled by ill health to previously resign his rectorship, and upon the parish records is spread a sincere and warm testimonial of the high esteem and true affection felt for him. Nearly 30 years have elapsed since his departure, but his memory is still green in the hearts of the people then here. The day of Mr. Putnam's decease. Rev. F. W. Shelton became rector, and remained as such until the spring of 1866, when he re- signed. Aug. 3, 1866, Rev. Daniel Crane Roberts was elected rector, and the same month assumed the duties of the position. Mr. Roberts' resignation was accepted May 8, 1869, and Rev. Wm. J. Harris, D. D., was chosen rector Aug. 30, 1869. Dr. Harris resigned late in 1870, and Rev. Andrew Hull, D. D., was elected rector March 20, 1871. Dr. Hull was rector of the parish until the summer of 1879, when his resignation of May 12, 1879, took ef- fect. Oct. 13, 1879, Rev. Howard Fremont Hill, of Concord, N. H., the present incum- bent, was elected rector. Of the seven rectors, the first three are dead. In the sermon of Dr. Shelton, which follows this sketch. Dr. Manser and Rev. Mr. Putnam are spoken of as their good work deserved, and the memory of Dr. Shelton is delightful to all who knew that good man. The first recorded baptism is that of Berkeley Baldwin, infant son of Dr. F. W. McDowell, though 12 baptisms had been previously reported. The first recorded marriage is that of Mr. James T. Thurston and Miss Fanny Witherell. The first marriage by Mr. Shelton was that of Mr. Charles Dewey and Miss Betsey Tarbox, May 3, 1848. Among the earlier vestrymen we find the names of R. S. Howard, afterwards rector at Woodstock, Homer W. Heaton, Esq., C. W. Bancroft, George Langdon, E. P. Scribner and others. But those most closely identified with the parish in this relation are S. P. Redfield, who served from 1843 to '58, and was junior warden in 1844, and senior warden from 1845 to '52 ; J. W. Ellis, who has been vestryman most of the time since 1845, ^^'^ many years junior warden or senior warden ; Stoddard B. Colby, vestryman in 1848 and junior warden from that time until 1850, and again in '58 ; and Hon. Roderick Richard- son, now of Boston, who was a vestryman and senior warden. The present vestry consists of Hon. Timothy P. Redfield, Charles Dewey, J. W. Ellis, Fred E. Smith, Hiram Atkins, Edward Dewey, L. P. Gleason, Geo. E. Taplin, and H. N. Taplin, Jr. Mr. I. P. Dana was elected a vestryman in 1879 and re-elected in 1880 and 1881, but is not now a member of the vestry, having re- signed when he removed from the Parish. Mr. Smith, who is now junior warden, was first chosen vestryman in 1864; Mr. Atkins in 1868; Mr. Edward Dewey in 1871 ; Mr. L. P. Gleason in 1876; Mr. G. E. Taplin in 1876; Mr. Dana and Mr. H. N. Taplin, Jr., in 1879. Mr. Truman C. Phinney was chosen ves- tryman in 1853, and held the position till he declined further service j he was also for several years junior warden. In 1866, the parish voted to erect anew church, and efficient measures were at once taken. Liberal subscriptions were 412 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. made by the leading men of the parish, seconded in their liberalit}' by those less wealthy. The S. B. Colby estate, on State street, opposite the Court House, was se- cured, and the work commenced. The church was consecrated June 2, 1868. (See introductory view.) The ground plan includes nave and aisles, chancel, organ chamber and sac- risty, the tower being engaged in the north- ern end of the east aisle. Exterior, 108 by 55 feet; tower and spire, 100 feet; in- terior — nave, 22 feet wide, separated by two colonnades from the two aisles, each 1 1 feet wide ; chancel 1 7 feet wide by 23 deep ; whole exterior, except roof and clerestory, light-colored Barre and Berlin granite ; aisle walls without but- tresses ; clerestory, timber slatted outside. The north front is the most imposing part of the exterior. The tower is of three stages, a single leaf-door in the lowest, two long, narrow, glazed lights in the second, three equal belfry windows in the third; the belfry stage, a plain square; below, double buttresses at the angles, running into a massive blocking of the wall at the base, which gives an effect of sin- gular strength and solidity. A similar character is given to the buttress on the opposite angle of the north end. The tower is surmounted by a broach spire, crowned with a well-carved finial, all stone to the top. The main doorway is of two leaves, in the middle of the north end, with jamb shafts and mould arch. In the gable is a round window, with three spherical triangles containing three bold trefoils, the interspaces being filled with quatre- foils and smaller openings. The coped gable is covered with a very bold, large, plain cross of stone — the only cross on the exterior. On entering the interior, the effect of loftiness is far in advance of one's expectations from seeing the exterior alone. The nave and aisles are of five bays ; the chancel of two ; the apparent length of the nave, increased by an arch at the north end, like and opposite the bold and well- marked chancel arch. The columns are four shafts in clusters, with mouldings be- tween, the arches resting on them corre- spondingly moulded. The aisle windows are single lights in each bay. The chancel arch is well worked ; chancel-rail and wain- scot, altar — which stands out from the wall — in black walnut ; seats in the nave, doors, etc., black ash and black walnut, in their natural tmts. The organ chamber, on the west, opens by a narrow arch in the church, and by a broader one into the nave ; the organ is a fine and powerful instrument. The roof is ceiled in three coats, the centre one being the narrowest. The framing of the prin- cipals shows within, with braces and span- drils of open tracery ; and similar braces run longtitudinally along the purlines, from principal to principal, these timberings adorned with color, the whole ceiling other- wise a light blue. The windows are filled with stained glass, the altar window, the largest, having three lights under atraceried head ; the central, widest light, the full- length figure of our Lord blessing the chalice. The evangelistic symbols and other emblems fill the side lights and head of the window ; clerestory windows of chancel, nave and northern rose window, pattern glass of rich colors ; aisle windows all with borders of colors, each an em- blem in the head, otherwise filled with stencilled quarries ; font near the sacristy door, Vermont marble. The architect was J. J. R. Randall, of Rutland ; the builder, P. Trow, of Mont- pelier. The painting was done by N. Osgood Snow, of Montpelier. The marble for the font was the gift of Hon. Pitt W. Hyde, and the beautiful and appropriate design was from the pencil of, and fur- nished by. Rev. John Henry Hopkins. The cost of the church was over $30,000 ; the only subscriptions received from out- side the parish were : In New York, George Bradshaw, $1,000 ; M. M. Kellogg, $500; George R. Thompson, $150; E. S. Jaffrey, $75. In Philadelphia, Jay and H. D. Cooke, $400. In Washington City, from Charles Knapp, $200. In Burling- ton, from V. P. Noyes, $100. No small part of the credit due for the perfectness with which the work was completed be- longs of right to Judge Richardson and MONTPELIER. 413 his associates of the building committee, Col. Fred E. Smith and the late Carlos Bancroft, Esq. The last of the building debt was extinguished some years since. In 1843, there were 15 communicants; in 1863, 68; in 1868, "j^ . The statistics for 1881 show: Families, 86, comprising 266 individuals ; individuals not included in families, 30; total, 296; baptisms for the year, 16; confirmations, 6; communi- cants, 129 — males 44, females 85 ; Sunday- school teachers, 6; pupils, 67. The following sermon, by Dr. Shelton, preached Sept. 3, 1865, is inserted, as his- torically valuable in that it shows well what manner of men were the three de- ceased rectors of this church : Sermon by Dr. Shelton, 1865. " Return, we beseech thee, O God of hosts : look down from heaven, and behold, and visit this vine. So will not we go back from thee : quicken us, and we will call upon thy name." Ps. 80: 14, 18. A few words will suffice to explain the allusion contained in the above passage. The kingdom of Israel is spoken of under the similitude of a vine which was of God's own planting. It had taken root, and flouri-shed abundantly, put forth its lively shoots, green leaves and blossoms and borne its ripe fruit. But it was subject to vicissitudes, as of wind and weather, and evil elements, sometimes its branches were lopped off, not by the careful pruning hand, but by the act of violence, yet the root was strong, and hearty, full of life blood, ready to spring up with greater vig- or than before. The Jewish people were not like some rough, rank offshoot, but chosen of God himself as a peculiar race to whom he would manifest his peculiar fa- vor, they were a choice vine in the wilder- ness, growing up under the golden sun- shine and dews of Heaven. Under the same similitude Christ al- ludes to himself. "I am the vine. Ye are the branches." He was the main stock, the root, the source of life, and sus- tenance and vigor. His disciples every where were but so many parts and mem- bers of the same. After the Jewish church had fulfilled its mission, the root still ex- isted, though all the former branches were razed to the ground. The Saviour in his Divine nature was the root of David, even as in his generation, he was according to human genealogy, David's offspring. The primitive christian church, from this im- planted ineradicable root sprang up like a tender vine. In its incipient growth, in its subsequent stages, up to the present time, it has been subject to every vicissi- tude of the outer elements ; but the good Father has been the husbandman and has ever watched over it, and he has promised that he will do so with a kindly care. The rank reeds and vegetation of the world have tried to choke it in its dwindled es- tate, to draw away its sustenance, pressing upon it, overtopping it, and casting it in their baleful shade, but deep down and fixed the vital germ has remained, and only gathered strength. The enemy has sowed tares all around it, hoping if they would not extract the life, that the origi- nal plant would be torn up in the effort to exterminate the thick tares. But the man- date went forth to the husbandman to do not that, but the plant could grow and flourish still amid the elements of evil, until the harvest time. Sometimes the sword of violence was applied, or the fires raged so as to destroy apparently nearly every branch, and budding offshoot, and all which remained above the ground. The destruction thus far was permitted only that the future exuberance, and fruit- age, of the vine might be greater. The sword could not lop any closer ; — the fire with its devouring breath could not pene- trate any deeper. It is the very province of Christ, illustrated by his own brillant career, to bring up life out of death, and a resurrection of glory out of dust and ashes. Now the branches of the original plant are over all the earth, though still liable to be broken ofT by storms, and to be left bleed- ing. The church was small among elements which were apparently great ; it was weak among those which were apparently mighty. It is elsewhere in scripture lik- ened to the minutest of seeds . ' ' The king- dom of heaven is like to a grain of mustard seed, which a man took and sowed in his 414 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. field, which indeed is the least of all seeds, but when it is grown, it is the greatest among herbs, and becometh a tree, so that the birds of the air come and lodge in the branches thereof." {Matt. xiii. : 31.) Every body of believers wherever found, every organized church, every distinct collection of disciples in which Christ's ministry is maintained, to whom His Gospel is preached and His sacraments are admin- istered, may still be likened to a vine, which the great husbandman himself has caused to be planted in such a ground, or in such a locality, and has committed to his ser- vants to watch over it, and however small it may be at the start, however it may be liable to dangers or vicissitudes, however imperfect may be the culture, if it be a true offshoot of Christ, it must flourish, be- cause it draws its life blood from the very source of life. This little body of disciples, this church established in our very midst, which not only professes the pure doctrines, but is named by the very name of Christ, is a vine, — even yet in its incipient growth, but planted by the hand of faith — which has already borne some fruit, and under the fostering smiles of the Divine favor, it is hoped and believed that it will do so far more abundantly. It has experienced its struggles, its trials, its changes, its difficul- ties, its retardments in a soil originally un- congenial to it in some of its inherent char- acteristics, and to its peculiar form. I propose now to refer to the phases of its history thus far, to look back upon it from its original start, to gather up a few facts and statistics from its scanty memorials, that we may see what have been the deal- ings of God with it in its hitherto humble career, and what may be its hopes and promise for the future. If such a contem- plation, in a sketch however feebly drawn, shall serve to strengthen the bonds of at- tachment with you who are members of this Church of Christ, to awaken a renewed in- terest in its welfare, to stimulate your ef- forts to promote its future growth, to ani- mate your zeal, to confirm your courage, and to keep you ever more firmly knit to- gether in one body, in the unity of the Spirit and in the bond of Peace, then whatever may occur to one who has so long ministered imperfectly among you, this labor will not be in vain. And that it may not be, is my humble and .sincere prayer. On the 8th of Sept., in the year of our Lord 1840, a number of inhabitants of this town associated themselves together for the purpose of supporting the ministry of the Gospel and maintaining public worship in conformity with the constitution and canons of the Protestant Episcopal church in the Diocese of Vermont, and they adopt- ed, received, and promised, entire con- formity to the aforesaid constitution and canons. The document whereby they thus associated themselves together, is signed by Isaac F. Redfield, Julius Y. Dewey, Geo. B. Manser, H. N. Baylies, J. W. Ellis, Geo. Langdon, C. W. Ban- croft, Wm. Upham, Charles Dewey, and some others who, altho' not closely iden- tified with the society, gave it their good will, their influence, and pecuniary sup- port. On Easter Monday, Anno Domini 1841, the church was fully organized under the title and designation of Christ Church and a vestry elected, Geo. B. Manser be- ing senior and Isaac F. Redfield junior warden. Soon after a lot was secured, the present church edifice was erected, and on the 29th day of December, A. D. 1842, it was at the request of the wardens and ves- try duly consecrated to the worship of Almighty God, by the Rt. Rev. John Henry Hopkins D. D., Bishop of the Diocese, according to the rites, usages and services of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States, and about that time, or shortly after, the Rev. Geo. B. Manser entered upon his duties as the first Rector. In this connection he continued uninterrupt- edly until the fall of 1847, being then ab- sent for a few months at the South, acting as assistant Rector to the Rev. Dr. Hanks in the city of New Orleans, and the Rev. F. W. Shelton of the Diocese of New York, who had recently received, orders, was invited to supply his place until his return, which occured in the spring or summer of the year following, 1848. On July 16 of the same year, having received a call to another field, Mr. Manser tendered MONTPELIER. 415 his resignation to the wardens and vestry, who passed a resolution conveying to him their ' unfeigned thanks for his faithful care and useful labors,' assuring him at the same time of their ' friendly confidence and sin- cere regard.' As I had the happiness of a personal acquaintance with him during my first brief residence in this place, and was for some time a guest under his roof, and after an interval of some years was again frequently associated with him in kindly intercourse, it affords me a melancholy satisfaction in this place to recall your first excellent Rector to remembrance, and to pay to his worth a passing tribute. To a man of his innate modesty and sensibility his position was sufficiently trying in being the first to officiate here, and in entering upon, to him, a strange and untried field. He had heretofore been an active member of the Congregational society, and as a warmly religious man had been identified with the same, and entered zealously into the performance of whatever appeared conducive to the cause of Christ. Educa- ted, moreover, to the profession of the law, he had more or less to do with the conflicting claims of persons in this vicin- ity. His views witli regard to the consti- tution of the church having undergone a change, and his convictions becoming at last fixed, he voluntarily relinquished a pro- fession which would yield him a much bet- ter support, and under such circumstan- ces, entered the ministry of the Protestant Episcopal church, and became your first Rector. His position was more difficult, and the embarrassments wherewith he had to contend were greater than those of any who succeeded him. With what patience he bore his burdens, and with what fideli- ty he performed his work, can be attested by many who now hear me. They knew well the tenderness of his feelings, his warm sympathies and affections, the right- nessofhis intentions, the disinterested- ness and purity of his heart. They knew where to find him in the dark hour of ca- lamity, and he proved at all times a genial and warm hearted friend. He made worldly sacrifices for the cause of the church, and his name and memory and example are now cherished in grateful re- membrance. Shortly after his retirement from this parish, he was called to the Rec- torship of St. Peter's church at Benning- ton, where he likewise performed a good work, modestly pursuing his course, and while yet in the vigor of life with the pros- pect still of many ye^s of usefulness, he was smitten with disease, and full of faith and hope and joy, expired on the 17th day of November, 1862. Resolutions of affec- tion, regret and of tender sympathy with his family were passed by the vestries of St. Peter's at Bennington, and of Christ Church Montpelier, as well as by the con- vention of the Diocese, of which he was for many years and up to the time of his decease, the efficient secretary. How long an interval elapsed after the departure of the Rev. Mr. Manser from this parish before the vacancy was supplied does not appear on the records, but the Rev. Edward F. Putnam was as early as June, 1850, acting as its rector, and in this connection he continued to within a few months of his death, which occurred at St. Albans, on the first Sunday in June, 1854. By a sin- gular coincidence, on that same day this church was re-opened after an intermission of its regular sevices for some time, and he who now addresses you, entered upon his duties as Rector. Thus the worship of this church was again renewed at the very hour when the soul of this excellent man was entering into the glories of heaven. It was not my happiness to be personally acquainted with him, but with regard to his christian devotion, the warmth of his sympathies and the excellence and amiabil- ity of his character, there is but one senti- ment among the members of this parish. He was not only a sincere christian, but on principle and conviction a strict and decided churchman. Though, as I have been informed, not brillant as a preacher, he was efficient, active, and zealous in the work of the parish, and his memory like- wise will long be gratefully cherished by this people. For myself, I am but the third rector since the foundation of this parish, both of the former ones having already entered 4i6 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. into their rest. Nearly the wl\ole of the time which has elapsed since my entering into orders has been passed in your midst. I stand not here at this time to record its varied experience, its phases of personal joy and sorrow. I have shared with you alike in the seasons of pleasure and of bit- terness. The friendships which I have formed here will be cherished during my life. I can only regret that I have accom- plished so little, but I shall drop a few tears on this vine, and pray that with better tending its branch may be green and vigorous forever. It may be interesting to you to hear a few statistics, after which I shall suggest what occurs to me as suitable to be said, at your present state of progress, and if I can think of anything which would tend to your future good, will venture to speak boldly. The early records, as is very apt to be the case in the first struggling origin of a parish, are deficient. They have no doubt been made, but the papers have been lost or mislaid. There are no transcripts of either deaths, baptisms or confirmations, although there must have been many. There are those of marriages only. Con- sequently, I cannot present the sum total which ought to be rendered. The defi- ciency as to mere numbers could be sup- plied, if I had at hand a full file of journals of the Convention, of which several copies for reference ought to be on hand, at least with the rector and wardens. That I have not saved them carefully, is my own fault, which must here be acknowledged. That in accurate business habits I am decidedly deficient, those who have known me as long as you have, will bear me witness, — I have got no head for them. During the incumbency of the Rev. Mr. Manser, 20 couples were united by him in the bonds of holy matrimony. Deaths, baptisms and confirmations, as I have said, are not recorded. By the Rev. Mr. Putnam, 9 couples were united in the bonds of holy matrimony, 43 persons were baptized, and during his term of office 17 were confirmed by the Bishop. During my own rectorship there have been 31 marriages, 67 baptisms, and 50 confirmations. Thus, altogether, since the foundation of the parish, 60 couples have been mar- ried according to the rites of the church. There have been, so far as the records in- form us, 107 baptisms and 67 confirma- tions. This record I quote, not to rejoice in its fulness, not to glory ip the fruits, but simply to tell the truth in its meagreness. Perhaps more work might have been done, and more ought to have been done. These are only the beginnings and first fruits. If only thus few have been baptized and con- firmed in the most holy faith, yet these re- sults are not unimportant. God only knows what blessed influences may spring from these few persons if they only lead the rest of their lives according to such a be- ginning. Not a single rite has been per- formed of which it is possible for us to estimate the multiplied and diversified in- fluences. What can be more beautiful and impressive than the marriage service according to the ritual of the Episcopal Church ? Who can go away without tears from the quiet altar, or fail to feel the holy benediction which is bestowed on the heads of the young couples, and can they, however thoughtless, have ever gone away, and the particular form in which this cer- emony was celebrated, according to the church, have had no eff"ect upon their after lives? Will nothing proceed from the acts of those who have brought their children in faith to the baptismal altar ; and when you have witnessed the beautiful rite of confirmation, and have heard the pa- triarchal benediction pronounced therein, have you considered that this, notwith- standing its temporary impressions, was but a mere empty show ? Let me tell you that feeble as are the human agencies, little as we can boast, few as are the nu- merical results which we can show, there is not an act which has been seriously and reverently performed in this church, during these two score years, which will not work with a never-ending, and still widening in- fluence. Those who have kneeled with MONTPELIER. 417 you at this altar in times gone by are scat- tered everywhere. They are thousands of miles away, but they remember what was done here, and they are inspired thereby with pleasant thoughts and sweet afifec- tions, and away off" in the wide prairie, or some remote wilderness, they go and plant an offshoot of the little vine which they have helped to nurture here; and that, too, will grow, and leave out, and blossom, and bear fruit abundantly. But let us further review our course thus far. This church, in the aggregation of its first members, consisted of a mere nu- cleus. It was so very small and weak as hardly to excite in the minds of others not attached to it, the apprehension that it would encroach unduly. Those.first mem- bers were not men of great wealth. The most of them had not been educated or brought up in the Episcopal Church. Col- lected around them there were a few others who lent countenance and material sup- port. Some came from mere personal re- gard for those who have in turn adminis- tered to you ; some from a sentiment of predilection for the mild, genial, liberal and uncensorious spirit of the Episcopal Church ; others from a true admiration of her forms of prayer and liturgic worship. They were drawn by all these causes rather than by a particular perception or regard for her apostolic constitution or distinctive principles. It was not a homogeneous society. Many who had a distinct faith of their own, differing in important particulars from our confessed standard of doctrine, very kindly, and with a very liberal spirit, notwithstanding this difference, gave of their rneans and do to this day. And I take this occasion to say, that if some few of them, not many it is tobe hoped, should go out from this fold, where they can find those precise shades of doctrine which they profess to hold, we should be, in turn to them as individuals, well wishers, and rather remember their kind offices in the past than feel inclined to censure them for what they may choose to do, and have a right to do in the future. For myself, they will have my personal esteem and re- gard. The smallness' of your numbers was then the first drawback, but that was pre- cisely the same as attached to the first origin of Christianity itself. Outside of the pale there was, as was to be expected, the usual amount of prejudice and mis- apprehension on the part of those from whom we diff'er in constitution and gov- ernment, rather than in essential Chris- tian doctrine. This might have been greater had not your first rectors been men of placable temper and of good judgment. A rash, zealous, impracticable churchman might have destroyed this new project in the embryo. In the book of your records there is fre- quent allusion to a church debt unliquidated, and discussion of means and steps to be taken to wipe it out, for no society can make satisfactory progress with an over- hanging debt. Such was the condition of things in 1854, when I first entered upon the duties of rector. Of the remaining matters it is now more difficult and delicate for me to speak, yet you will expect that something should be said. The society was then small ; it is so still, for it is yet comparatively in its infancy, and those who have gone before me, as well as my- self, have been only pioneers. The best years of my life and the best fruits of my education have been given here, with very imperfect results for the present, but when better men shall come after me, they will reap. The past will«not have been in vain. For eleven years I have administered in this parish, and though neither very strong or very robust, have been kept from this desk but one Sunday by sickness. It might be alleged, and no doubt justly, that it might have been possible for me to have advanced the cause of the society with more onset and vigor. You have had the best opportunity, by the longest ac- quaintance with me, to know those im- perfections which are bound up in my very nature. At the same time I trust it will not be considered indelicate if I refer to some of the general principles which I have endeavored to follow out in the di- rection of this parish. Here there is, we may say, a comparatively fixed population with regard to numbers — not otherwise, 53 4i8 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. for our young people are drained off when they might be of service to us, and go to contribute their energies to the develop- ment of the mighty West. There is no surplus population as in some teeming, overflowing town, where an active, bustling minister could go forth into the streets and alleys and gather a flock. The ground had been pre-occupied by religious bodies, with their prescriptive limits well defined, and a mere proselyting spirit would, it seems to me, have accomplished little in attempting to cross these bounds, nor have I directly or knowingly interfered with any one's rights, or wounded any in their preposses- sions or prejudices. Spasmodic move- ments of any kind have not been tried, but the quiet, regular routine of the church in the regular administration of the ser- vices and sacraments, on all the principal appointed days throughout the year, wheth- er fasts or festivals, has been trusted to work its slow, steady, but ultimately sure, results. With thin numbers, and an in- clement season nearly half the year — mem- bers of the parish living at far distances — I have not attempted to carry out the cathe- dral system of the church to any greater ex- tent ; firstly, because in agiven time I am on- ly capable of accomplishing a given amount of intellectual work, and secondly, be- cause, in my judgment, our present circum- stances did not seem to warrant it. While no great stickler for minute forms, nice in- terpretation, and slavish adherence to ru- brics, or to whatever, according to my own common sense, I regard of small moment compared with weightier matters, I have endeavored to conform to the general sys- tem of the church in all its essential par- ticulars — but that I should stand up here and assert that I have performed my full duty, God forbid. Outside of official min- istrations it has been my endeavor to keep the members of this flock together by the cords of kindly fellowship, in the unity of spirit and in the bonds of peace ; to assuage differences and to heal wounds. Of the sacred ties which have connected me to many in a place, where, notwithstanding my mistakes or faults, there has been ac- corded to me so long an almost unequalled kindly sentiment, I do not propose to speak now. In consequence of new movements, you have reached a phase which will call for the exercise of your best judgment, and I would desire to state correctly the posi- tion in which the parish now stands. The church debt, which had been an incubus from the foundation, has been cleared away. There is not, to my knowledge, a cent of it remaining. This is not due to my activi- ties, but to those of others, yet it is a source of gratitude to me that it has been done in my time. You have an organ of the finest tone and most perfect workman- ship, and the constancy and effect with which the attractive musical services of the church have been maintained, has been extraordinary for a parish of limited extent and means, and is known and acknowledg- ed throughout the State. In the Capital, where many resort, it is of the utmost im- portance that the Episcopal services should be rendered as perfectly as means will permit, in all their parts. With regard to numbers at present, of those directly or indirectly, from principle or from preference, attached to this church, there are more than enough, when fully brought together, to fill all these seats. You have, infact, sufficient strength for the day and generation — only comparative weakness. The root is firmly implanted in the ground. It cannot be torn up — by the grace of God — no, never. You who have stood by when that germ was sown, may live to rejoice in the luxuriant foliage and fruitage of the vine. But you must give to it a more assiduous culture. There must be more corps (fesprit — above all, more ardent affection for the ciuse of Christ, as well as for this church of Christ — more perfect co-operation, unity of pur- pose and brotherly love. Perhaps with even a little interval of flagging despond- ency, the slow work of years might be un- done. Stand together with more decision than you have done before, and you are stronger than you ever have been. An edifice, strong, substantial, beautiful in architectural proportions, will be built at some time after I am gone. I should have accounted it an honor, had you MONTPELIER. 419 chosen to accord it, not to a stranger, but to me, who have spent here the best portion of my life, to see, at least, the incipience of that undertaking. But perhaps at some future day when I shall come here, my eyes may be greeted by the tapering spire, surnwunted by the cross, and my ears charmed by the sound of musical chimes on the clear mountain air, upon some golden Sunday or on some festive holiday. Present or absent, my thoughts shall often recur to these courts endeared to me, not only by mournful, but by all pleasing and delightful associations, and I shall hope to join with you in the same prayers which we have repeated to-day, and to have my soul uplifted by the same sacred melodies. It will be a great trial of my life to part with you, and I trust that I can say with the Psalmist David, when he expressed his joy at being called on to go up to the sanctuary, and when he extolled the Holy City — " Peace be within thy walls, and prosperity within thy palaces. For my brethren and companions' sakes, I will now say, Peace be within thee." REV. FREDERICK W. SHELTON, LL. D. BY H. A. HUSE. Frederick W. Shelton was born in Ja- maica, Long Island, in 1814, and died at Carthage Landing, N. Y., June 20, 1881. He was the son of Nathan Shelton, an eminent physician. His preparation for college was at the Jamaica Institute, and he graduated from the College of New Jersey, Princeton, and from the General Theological Seminary. He was ordained in 1847, and was rector successively in Huntington, L. I. ; Fishkill, N. Y. ; Mont- pelier ; and Carthage Landing, (Low Point,) Dutchess County, N. Y. He for some months in 1848 officiated in Montpelier in the absence of Mr. Manser, and was rector of Christ Church from 185410 1866. Dr. Shelton went from here to Carthage Land- ing, where he remained rector till his death. His home at Carthage Landing was beautifully situated on the banks of the Hudson, and his situation there was one well suited to a man of thoughtful and genial temperament. He left a widow and two sons. Mrs. Shelton, who now lives in Carthage Land- ing, was Rebecca R. S. Conkling, daugh- ter of David S. Conkling, (a brother of Judge Alfred Conkling,) who married Isa- bella Fletcher, a daughter of Col. Fletcher of the British Army, who was a descend- ant of Fletcher, the dramatist. Of the six children of Dr. and Mrs. Shelton, four are dead. The two oldest, born in New York city, died of scarlet fever in Montpelier the second year after they came here ; a baby, 8 months old, also died in Montpelier. The second year after they went to Car- thage Landing, a boy of thirteen died. The two youngest sons are now living, and are in business in Omaha. The older of them graduated at Trinity College, Hart- ford, in 1879. Dr. Shelton was a man of marked influ- ence on the parishes of which he had charge, and this, though he had, and none knew it better than he, but little of what is known as executive or business ability in his make-up. His preaching was of the best, and his own life was, in its Christian graces, a model. Dr. Shelton's writing, whether in ser- mon or in book, had many charms for all who heard or read. In an article in the "Churchman" of July 23, 1881, is found the following : One might say that Dr. Shelton's literary faculty amounted almost, if not absolutely, to genius. His invention was fertile and various, his fancy delicate, and his hiimor ever fresh and delightful. His mind was of the same type with Washington Irving's, although it was marked by a mystical force and teiidency, evinced by the romance and allegory it gave birth to, which the elder and greater writer has not exhibited. While a collegian he became a contributor to the Knickerbocker Magazine, then and for many years afterward the chief organ of American periodical literature. Before he came of age, Bartlett & Melford pub- lished for him a satire in rhyme entitled, '* Trollopiad ; or, Travelling Gentleman in America," annotated with sketches of the series of foreign travellers whose flippant descriptions of the land of freedom once provoked the ire of our native writers. Besides many papers buried under the covers of divers magazines, he published "Gold Mania," 1850; "The Use and Abuse of Reason," 1850, and other minor 420 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. works, and " Salander and the Dragon — a romance," 1851 ; "The Rector of St. Bar- dolphs," 1853, (second edition, 1856) ; "Up the River," 1853; " Chrystalline ; or. The Heiress of Fall Down Castle — a romance," 1854; "Peeps from the Belfry; or. The Parish Sketch Book," 1855, (second edi- tion, 1856.) Latterly he has spent much time and labor upon a translation of sev- eral of the " Dialogues of Plato," and it is believed that his manuscript is ready for the press. It should also be said that his sermons were characteristic compositions, original in thought, brightened often by unconscious strokes of humor and quicken- ed by touches of genuine pathos. Among the resolutions passed by the clergy present at the funeral of Dr. Shel- ton, was one in which they said, " we bear our willing and grateful testimony to the delightful personal character of our dear friend, to the exquisite charm of his con- versation, to his genial hospitality, to the high principle which singularly distinguish- ed him, and to the sweetness, humility and devotion of his Christian life and walk." Two weeks after his death, a committee, consisting of Charles Dewey, Fred E. Smith, J. W. Ellis and T. C. Phinney, for the wardens, vestry and parish of Christ Church, said in a letter to Mrs. Shelton, of which a copy is spread upon the parish records : We remember the loyal service which he did for Christ while Rector in this Parish. We recall how he faithfully ministered the sacraments of life. We think of the in- stnaptions which his lips gave and his walk enforced. We review the memory of his presence when joy was warm and fresh in our homes, and when sorrow brooded heavily upon us. We think of him as the genial friend who was with us, and whom we rejoiced to have with us. We call up the past relations which he bore in this community as a man and citizen. And al- though we have but recently learned the story of his declining health from his own lips, and felt, with him, that his life could not be protracted very long, the news of his going away has come to us to awaken a host of memories which we cannot name, but only suggest. We desire to assure you that at this hour our prayers and thoughts are with you, and that we are only repre- sentatives of many in whom the recent tidings have revived many fond recollec- tions of that one who has gone on but a little while before. From several unpublished poems of Mr. Shelton, which, with the historical sermon, were kindly sent to us by Mrs. Shelton to select from, we give : — THE SKEPTIC TO HIS SOUL. " Aniraula, vagula, blandula, Hospes coinesque corporis, Qua nunc abibis in loca, Pallidula, riKida, nudula. Nee, ut soles, dabis jocos?" Invisible onel little elfl Who makest uiy bosom tliy home, Hid away In the midst of myself, I have asked thee, like Hadrian of Rome, Have implored with a passionate cry, With a tear of affection, a sigh. Come, tell me a part or the whole, What is it, what is it to die? But never a word in reply. Oh I'syche, my Darling, my Soul! Say, is it not due to mj' love, Thou close-nestling one, winged-dove. Since thou hast been with me from birth, Though thou earnest down from above. And I am a clod of the earth? Near, near as my tremulous heart. Why far, far away as the pole. Guest of mine that thou wilt not impart. Nor tell thy poor friend what thou art. In a voice or as soft as a breatli As it slips from the chill lips of death, Or loud as the thunders tliat roll. While I stand with expectance and wait. Like a beggar for crumbs at a gate. Oh Psyche, my Darling, my Soul I Forever I count thee within The retreat of thy innermost shrine. But enwrapt in a body of sin Shrink as if from a presence divine. And vain are my struggles to win What no art of the living e'er stole. The key of the mystery dread. And rifle it from thy control. Thou giv'st it alone to the dead. As lie lies in his cold, narrow bed. Oh Psyche, my Darling, my Soul ! Thus I con thy enigma, my wife, One more blind than the Sphinx could propose. That we, fondly wedded through life. Should be only acquaint at its close. Ah! cause of contention and strife! That thou wilt not breathe in my ear What is writ on tliy mystical scroll, But keep'st it away from thy dear As if it were something to fear. Oh Psyche, my Darling, my Soul! In the twilight of groves I have stood. In the shadow of solitudes vast. Where nothing of earth could intrude, To question my soul as I would And wring out the secret at last. But the night, it is coming on fast. When thou slialt be winging thy flight Toward the rivers of crystal that roll Through the regions of beauty, thy goal; I shall know what thou knowest, aright, 1 shall go where thou goest ihat night. Oh Psyche, my Darling, my Soul! MONTPELIER. 421 EXTRACTS From a Poem entitled "The Sirens," delivered be- fore tlie Literary Societies of Norwich University, Aug. 17, 1865. Ye who embarlt as with the risen sun. On the rude sea, life's voyage just begun, Ev'n as tlie East the rosy day-dawn streaks With purple light of youth upon your cheeks, Ponder the story well. Whatever shore you reach, wherever you may dwell! When ye approach the realm Of weird enchantment, steady hold the helm. For soon the Siren strain Will visit you again. Impalpable and fine. As if it were divine, Sweet as it was of yore. Beguiling evermore. Lure you to ruin on the rock-bound coast. Where all your precious argosy is lost. Hence ye delusive joys! Stop, stop your listening ears with wax, ray boys! Or mixed with silvery voice&Jyon may hark The sea dogs bark! Lo! Sylla and Charybdis on each side Are yawning wide! With strong determination bind yourselves. Nor own the fetters ot perfidious elves. When the wild nymph of Pleasure from her lair Spreads her white arms an(f makes her bosom bare. And beckons as she shakes her flowing locks To woo, and lure you to the perilous rocks. Fly from the promise of Elysian joys. Cling to your oars for life, and pull, my boys! Wberc dwells not soul-destroying witchery ? Whither we fly- To try her subtle arts On these fond, beating hearts, With necromantic spell To lead thro' Error's portals down to hell — W atching our frail barques as we glide apace. On to eternal glory or disgrace. Around her may be amaranthine bloom. Flowers of loveliest hue and sweet perfume. And she is sometime beautiful; her wand Holds, like a goddess, in her milk-white hand: Beams a fond welcome from her starry eyes. And all the waste is changed to Paradise. Ye mariners! ye red-lipped, rosy youth. Oh! list the music of celestial truth; For Duty is the polar star to guide To home, to Heaven, in spite of wind or tide. Should folly tempt you with its base alloys. Cling to your oars for life, and pull, my boys! Regard Ulysses in his golden prime. And reign like him upon a throne sublime. Even vice may have a face Of bright, potential charm, A soft, bewildering grace To mitigate alarm. Of flowers she weaves her chain To bind the victim up. Love-philtres for the brain Are mingled in her cup. She with fleet and gay advances, Song and viol, mazy dances. Glancing smiles with each emotion. Like the sunbeams on the oceani Woos you from the path of glory. Beckoning from her promontory. See thro' the flimsy gauze, and spurn her joys. Cling to your oars for life, and pull, my boys! Where dwells the craven coward on these hills? Oft glittering with their diadems of snow. — The air is fraught with freedom, and the rills Leap forth, and chant its pa;an as they go. The pulses bt-at. the heart with rapture thrills At the all-beautiful, majestic scene. Mountains on mountains piled, sweet vales between. It Is the clime where stalwart men have birth, FuU-panoplled as from the very earth. When the war-bugle sounds the first alarms Peak back to sun-lit peak clamors, to arms! to arras! Once when the tide of battle raved. And rolled o'er many a blood-stained wreck. And the Star-Spangled banner waved Beneath the old Chapultepec; When Mexic legions numbered strong. And gleamed on high their pennon 'd spears, A horseman bore the word along. Where stood the bold Green-Mountaineers, " Help from Vermont, upon the right! Our ranks are reeling and unsteady! "' Then rose the wild shriek of delfght From those who never quailed in fight, "Aye, aye, VEnMONTis heady!" Onward they dashed upon the foes. As loose the mountain torrents break. And swift the starry banner rose Above the old Chapultepec. Then ever let tte watchword fly From rank to rank to rank, from earth to sky. And Echo catch the glad reply- Vermont is ready! SOLDIER BOY TO HIS GREEN MOUNTAIN MARY. Oh, bweet is the breath of the morning And sparkling the dew on the lawn. When fresh is the summer's adorning. And the winter is over and gone. But my Mary is purer and sweeter. And bright as the day-star of Truth, When waking or dreaming I meet her, In the light and the freshness of youth. She has cheered on her soldier to duty. Though afar from the scenes of his toll. From htr home by the river of beauty. On the banks of the charming Lamoille. Oh. sweet is the carol of blrdllngs. When the forests are budding in May, When the bobolink sings in the meadow. And Robin replies on the spray; But in silence and gloom of midwinter, In battle with treason and wrong. One thought on the face of my Mary Steals Into ray heart like a song. So she cheers on her soldier to duty. Though afar from the scenes of his toll, From her home by the river of beauty. On the banks of the charming Lamoille. Oh, dear is the home of my childhood. Each valley, and mountain and lea. But vain without love is the wild wood, Without love In the land of the free. When the flag floats from ocean to ocean. And the din of the battle is o'er, I will fly on the wings of devotion. And part with my Mary no more. Then she'll welcome her soldier from duty To her arms from the scenes of his toll. By her own lov'd river of beauty On the banks of the charming Lamoille. 422 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. CHURCH OF ST. AUGUSTINE, MONTPELIER, VT. CATHOLIC HISTORY OF MONTPELIER. Contimted from page 289. Rev. Jeremiah O'Callaghan, a priest of the Diocese of Cork, Ireland, was sent by Bishop Fenwick, of Boston, to Burlington in the month of July, 1830. From this time till 1851, he must have occasionally visited the Catholics of Montpelier, but no records exist of his laboring amongst them. Father O'Callaghan died at Holyoke, Mass., in the year 1861. About the year 1850, Rev. H. Drolet, a Canadian priest, was sent to reside at Montpelier. He lived here till the fall of 1854, when he re- turned to Canada, where he died. He it was who bought the old Court House, which was used as a church until the erec- tion of the present edifice by Father Druon. After the departure of Father Drolet, the Montpelier Catholic congregation was at- tended by the Oblate Fathers from Bur- lington until November, 1856, when Very Rev. Z. Druon became pastor af the Cath- olic congregation, and officiated here as such until July 15, 1864, when he was re- placed by Rev. Joseph Duglue. -J* Louis, Bp. of Burlington. ST. Augustine's. Rev. Z. Druon, while in charge of this parish, built in 1859 the present church, dedicated to St. Augustine, and purchased a church burying-ground. Father Duglue made some improvement on the church and house for the priest, and built a good school building on a lot adjoining the church, whieh commands a fine view of the village and State House grounds. This institution was given in charge to ladies from St. Joseph's, Barlington, who have a large and flourishing school here. Rev. Z. Druon, V. G. O'Callaghan, Rev. Jeremiah. A Crit- ical Review of Mr. J. K. Converse's Calvinistic Sermon ; also, of the Errone- ous proposition of Two Innovators, by the Rev. Jeremiah O'Callaghan, R. C. Priest, Burlington, Vt. Burlington: Printed for the Author, 1834. 16 mo. p. 58. — Usury, Funds and Banks ; also, fore- stalling Traffic and Monopoly ; likewise Pew Rent and Grave Tax ; together with Burking and Dissecting ; as well as the Galilean Liberties, are all repugnant to the Divine and Ecclesiastical Laws and Destructive to Civil Society. To which is prefixed a Narrative of the Author's Controversy with Bishop Coppinger, MONTPELIER. 423 and of his sufferings for justice's sake, by the Rev. Jeremiah O'Callaghan, Roman Catholic Priest. Burlington : Printed for the Author, 1834. 8 vo. p. 380. — The Creation and Offspring of the Prot- estant Church ; also the Vagaries and Heresies of John Henry Hopkins, Prot- estant Bishop ; and of other False Teach- ers. To which is added a Treatise on the Holy Scriptures, Priesthood and Matrimony. By Jeremiah O'Callaghan, Roman Catholic Priest. Burlington: Printed for the Author, 1837. 12 mo. p. 328. — Exposure of the Vermont Banking, by the Rev. Jeremiah O'Callaghan, Roman Catholic Priest. Burlington: Free Press Print. 8 vo. p. 32. — Atheism of Brownson's Review — Unity and Trinity of God — Divinity and Hu- manity of Christ Jesus — Banks and Paper Money. Burlington, Vt., 1852. R. C. 8 vo. pp. 306, (2.) — The Hedge round about the Vineyard, Dressed up. 1844. 12 mo. p. 360. Father O'Callaghan labored at Burling- ton with much success from 1830 to 1852. — Gilmari's Bibliography of Vt, The books of Father O'Callaghan, that we have examined, have considerable pith. The, attack on Brownson's Review was during his transformation, before he had come up to the Catholic standard. His biography (Brownson's) belongs to our next volume, or Windsor Co. Between the visits of Reverend Father O'Callaghan and Father Drolet, was the missionary labors of Rev. John Daly for a time, his field reaching from Canada to Brattleboro. We have not learned more of him. REV. H. DROLET, the first resident priestat Montpelier, must have come here to reside, we think, as early as 1850, as we learn by a letter of Gen. Clarke, Secretary to the Senate, who was here at the time, that the old Court House that Father Drolet purchased, as the Bishop states, was used as a church in the fall of 1850, and we find Father Drolet, or the General for him — the General took charge of the matter — succeeding in " bor- rowing ground " of the Legislature for the society to build a vestry on in the rear of the old Court House, then used as a church, (or to the left hand,) the site, we understand, of the present church. From a letter of Gen. D. W. C. Clarke to his wife, Nov. 3, 1850 : I attended mass at Montpelier, Friday morning, (All Saints,) stealing quietly away from my seat in the Senate Chamber for that purpose. The poor Catholics looked upon me with surprise as I knelt among them, and declined the offer of a " better place." I rather like, you know, to kneel right among the most humble, and God knows I delong there. Mass was cel- ebrated in the new church the Catholics are finishing off, (it was formerly the Court House,) within a dozen rods of the State House. The interior is wholly unfinished, but it did seem to me, like worshipping God " in His holy temple." Acts of iS so. No. 87 — Resolution grant- ing license to a religious society to occupy a piece of the land of the State near the State House : Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives, That the Sergeant-at- Arms is authorized to permit the Religious Society who are fitting up and repairing the old Court House, on the east side of the public grounds, for the purpose of re- ligious worship, to occupy so much land belonging to the State as may be necessary for the erection of a vestry room in the rear of said building ; provided, however, this resolution may be revoked at any time, by joint resolution of the two houses of the Legislature. The above resolution was adopted Nov. 13, 1850. The General, and his friends in the Senate and in the House, having got the loan of the land, it eventuated soon after in the purchase of it. Father Drolet was born in the city of Quebec, Canada, and died in the Parish of St. Jude, Diocese of St. Hyacinth, be- tween the years 1861 and 1863. Rev. Father B. Maloney and Father Coopman, Oblates, attended Montpelier from Jan. 1856 to Nov. 1856. REV. ZEPHYRINUS DRUON, V. G., was born Mar. 14, 1830, at Vendin le Vieil Pas de Calais, and ordained priest, July 3, 1853, at Beauvais, France. He studied for the priesthood in the Grand Seminary of Arras ; came to this country in August, 1850, with Bishop Rappe ; continued his theological studies in Cleveland, O., and 424 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. finished them at Paris in the Seminary of St. Sulpice ; went back to Cleveland ; was curate at the cathedral there 4 months ; came to Vermont, January, 1854; was the residing priest of Bennington, i year ; of East Rutland, 2 years ; of Montpelier, 8 or 9 years ; finally of St. Albans, 16 years to the present. He was very much honored and esteemed in Montpelier. He has been called, and undoubtedly is, the most schol- arly, piquant and solid preacher and writer of the Catholic clergy in the State. He received his appointment as Vicar General in 1864, or at the end of the year 1863. REV. JOSEPH DUGLUE was born Sept. 3, 1834, at Carentoir, Morbihan, France. He studied for the priesthood in the Grand Seminary of Vannes, came to this country in September, 1855, with Bishop de Goesbriand, and continued his theological studies in the Grand Seminary at St. Sulpice, at Balti- more, Maryland, and was ordained priest at Burlington, Feb. 4, 1857. He was first sent to Middlebury, then, in i860, he was called to the cathedral. At the end of the year 1862, he was appointed to Fairfield, where he remained until July, 1864, when he was appointed to Montpelier. In 1877, he went to France, on account of ill health, and was absent one year. On his return, he was sent to Waterbury, where he was three months, when, in January, 1879, he was replaced at Montpelier, where he is now pastor, of whom we may say, to quote the words of a priest. Father McLaughlin, of Brandon, in his silver jubilee discourse, "Father Duglue, the Priest at the Capital, if it would not be savoring of a joke, I should say is a capital Priest." The interior of St. Augustine's is very plain for a Catholic church. The building is small, and the church will only seat about 950. There are two side aisles, but no centre aisle. The windows have only a partial coloring of red glass in the top. Between the windows, in simple black wood frames, the stations of the cross run along the walls, as in every Cath- olic chapel — the representative via doloro- sa — the path of dolor from Pilate's hall to the Tomb in the Garden. The chancel, too, is poor in art — very poor — only the little side altars in the foreground at the right and left, of the Blessed Virgin and St. Joseph; in the main chancel, a very plain wood altar, the figure of St. Augus- tine in the wall-niche over behind ; two Sacred Heart pictures on the wall beside. The oldest church in Christendom is plant- ed on the Capital Hill in almost as poor a state as the Cave at Bethlehem. The re- ligion of Rome has not been long intro- duced in this county. There are but three other Catholic churches in the whole county, yet. One might expect to find a handsome church at the Capital — a church more suitable to the place — an edifice sec- ond to none in the State in magnitude and decoration. Feeling particularly the want thereof on this honorable and beautiful hillside, still the poor congregation go in and out, a look very well content in their faces — a respectable throng every Sun- day and holiday. The motherly church adapts herself sweetly to all peoples and all conditions, in the grandeurs of the cathe- dral, in the poorest mission chapel, ever to the Catholic his true Alma Mater. The Catholic cemetery of St. Augustine's, which is a little above Main street, in Clay Hill district, the land for which was bought of Thomas Reed and Charles Clark, Dec. 1857, was not deeded or inclosed and blessed by the Bishop until i860. The first grave made therein was that of Ed- ward Cadieu, a young child of Theophile Cadieu. About an acre adjoining was bought of George Jacobs, Nov. 1879, ^"^ blessed by Rev. Joseph Duglue, Septem- ber 5, 1880. ST. MICHAEL'S SCHOOL, of which Father Druon speaks as com- manding a fine view upon the hillside, is situated a little to the east of the church of St. Augustine. Outwardly, the ample white building, with a cross on its roof, attracts the eye from the street ; within, it is pleasantly and comfortably furnished. Five ladies reside at the institution, and have a school of some over 170 pupils. It has been put down 200. Father Duglue MONTPELIER. 42s thinks " it will average 170 daily attend- ance and some over." The Young Ladies Sodality of B. V. M. of this congregation is always presided over by one of the la- dies of St. IVIichaePs, and is the best ap- pearing Sodality of Catholic young ladies that we know of in the State. We learn since the above was in print that the old Court House was bought of J. Barnard Langdon in 1850; also by a letter of Father Drolet to Bishop Fitzpat- rick of Boston, work was first commenced on remodeling the old Court House into a Church, July, 1850. Moreover that Father Duglue has had the honor to say mass at Barre, Sunday, Nov. 13, 1 88 1, supposed to be the first Catholic service ever held at that place. THE BAPTIST CHURCH OF MONTPELIER. FUKNISHED BY THE PASTOlt. [Tlie first pari of the following Historical Sketch of this church was writlen by Col. H. D. Hopkins about the time of the dedication of their l)ouse of worship, and published in a Montpelier paper Feb. 6, 187o.] "The church was organized in June, 1865, with 14 members, only five of whom were males. Hon. Joseph Rowell — since de- ceased — and Philip Hill, Esq., were chosen Deacons pro tern, and the Rev. Rufus Smith, who was agentfor the denomination within the State, was chosen Clerk. Mr. Smith also supplied the pulpit of the con- gregation on the Sabbath — sometimes by occupying it himself, and sometimes by arrangement with other clergymen in the vicinity. The first Sunday services of this young church were in Village Hall. October, 1865, a call was given to Rev. H. D. Hodge to become pastor, who declin- ed. February following a call was given to Rev. N. P. Foster, M. D., of Burlington, and he accepted, but did not enter upon the pastorate until October of the same year. Up to this time 1 1 persons were added to the church, four of whom entered by profes- sion of faith. Dr. Foster remained with the church till April, 1869, during which time, as would appear by the results, he labored faithfully and well for the growth of the church and the success of the Re- deemer's Kingdom. While he was pastor, 17 persons were added to the church. The little organization of 1865 had in less than four years more than tripled its member- ship. The second pastor was Rev. William Fitz, who began his labors in September, 1869, and closed them in November, 1871. He was a faithful minister, a pleasant, companionable man, an able preacher, and was highly esteemed outside the denomi- nation, as well as in. The church received 21 members during his pastorate of a little more than 2 years. The third and present pastor, the Rev. N. Newton Glazier, began his labors in January of last year, and the friends of the Society and congregation can wish them nothing better in the line of human ministries, we are sure, than that he may long remain with them. A young man, a growing and a good man, he seems specially fitted to lead on this people in their work in the world. 9 persons were added to the church in the first year of his minis- try. This brings a partial history of this organization down to the present time, (Feb., 1873,) 58 members having been added to the 14 who originally united to form it. Two persons — one of them the Hon. Joseph Rowell, one of the founders of this church, and long an ardent friend and supporter of the denomination, — have died from among its members, and by re- movals it has suffered further depletion, so that its present number is 57. In July, 1869, the church elected as its deacons, E. E. Andrews and E. S. Hibbard. In August of 1865, a Sunday School in con- nection with the church was organized, over which Mr. Hibbard was chosen Su- perintendant, and he still holds the office, (Feb., 1873) laboring with true christian zeal to make it successful in its work. We have stated that this people began worship in Village Hall. Remaining there a few months, they removed to Freeman Hall — the apartment now occupied by the Temple of Honor; and then on the 12th of November, they removed to the Court House. Here they remained till January of 1868, when they were ordered by the Assistant Judges of the County, against the remonstrance of nearly all the lawyers of the County, and many prominent citizens 54 426 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. of Montpelier, to vacate the premises, and it was done. Though they had been la- boring to the ultimate erection of a place of worship for their use, and were slowly gathering subscriptions for the purpose, it was the action of the court, the sending of them adrift, houseless as they were, which perhaps gave them the nerve neces- sary for such an undertaking ; and conse- quently they made ready, and on the 23d of March, ground was broken for the foun- dation of their new and beatiful church edi- fice. During the summer work upon it was pushed forward with all possible vigor, and in November they were enabled to enter the basement, though at first it lacked win- dows. It is worthy of mention that from June, 1865, to this time they worshipped in no less than 16 different rooms. It was therefore no wonder if on entering premi- ses they could call their own, though not the most inviting^ and comfortable, they felt to " thank God and take courage." The New Church edifice stands at the corner of School and St. Paul streets, fronting on the former. It is of wood, gothic in style, and of good proportions. It was built from plans and specifications generously furnished to the society without expense by A. M. Burnham, Esq., archi- tect, and speaks well for his good taste as a builder. The size of the main building is 46 by 75 feet, the auditorium is 44 by 61 feet, 26 feet high, with sloping ceilings, and will seat comfortably 400 persons. The choir gallery, which is only slightly el- evated and standing in the front end of the building, is finished with heavy rail and balustrades of black walnut. The or- gan loft, and the recess for the pulpit — the latter in the opposite end of the building — are finished with triple gothic arches and scroll corbets for pendants. The chancel is 10 by 30 feet, and contains robing-room aud baptismal font. It is reached both by stairs leading from the vestry below, and by steps from the auditorium. The base- ment is ID feet high, and divided in a most desirable manner into vestibule, class- room, kitchen for sociables, etc. The spire and bell tower are situated in the left hand front corner, and are heavily mount- ed with gable and offset buttresses and bracketed clock-faces. The handsome spire rises to 140 feet, and on the right hand rises another tower of smaller proportions, finished with double cornice, with buttres- ses ending in turrets and finials. The en- trance to the church is by doors in the towers, the larger 7 by 13 feet. The ves- try is reached both by a side door from St. Paul street and by stairs leading down from the vestibule. The basement is fin- ished (externally) with rustic block-work, projecting ten inches from the main build- ing, which forms a pedestal for buttresses to rest upon between the windows of the main auditory. The windows of the audi- torium are pointed gothic, with heavy stools aud corbets, and are set with figured glass of extremely pretty pattern. The pews are similar to those of Bethany Church, (of which Col. Hopkins is a loved and honored member,) heavy black wal- nut frames, with black ash panels. The pul- pit, which is little more than a desk for the Bible, is of new design, and is constructed of black and French walnut. The chan- cel is supplied with three massive chairs, of a style well fitted for the purpose. The walls and ceilings are frescoed in modern Persian arches, laid in colors attractive and beautiful. The slips are cushioned, and a carpet of modern figure and colors covers the floor of the chancel, auditorium and singers' gallery. The cost of the church was about $17,000. It is an ornament to the town, and a credit to the enterprise and self-denial of those by whose labors and calculations it has been reared. The dedication was on Jan. 29, 1873, at 2 o'clock, in the presence of a crowded and interested audience. First, anthem, "Blessed be the Lord God of Israel!" Invocation and reading of Scripture, by Rev. Wm. Fitz, the selection relating chiefly to God's House, its delights and uses ; prayer, by Rev. Mr. Morrow, of the Methodist church ; "All hail the power of Jesus' name," by choir and congregation ; sermon by Rev. Mr. Glazier, pastor ; text, "We preach Christ crucified ;" an able ef- fort, delivered with much earnestness. After the sermon, chant, " I will lift up MONTPELIER. 427 mine eyes unto the hills, from whence Cometh my help;" prayer of dedication, by Rev. Mr. Smith, of St. Albans, and the benediction. The services seemed to im- press all persons present as appropriate and interesting, and must have been especially so to the little company of believers whose earthly temple this house henceforth is to be." Col. Hopkins, a few weeks later, in an- other article wrote : " The Baptist church is the only place in town where the build- ing and the organization occupying it bear the same name. It is characteristic of these people, we believe, that they fling their colors to the breeze. Coming to their beautiful church, you are made to feel that you are welcome. Their pastor. Rev. Mr. Glazier, will impress you as a man of char- acter, ability and earnestness. His pulpit efforts will not suffer in comparison with those of older and more notable men. The audience is at present small, but it is the confident expectation of the few that their numbers shall yearly increase. They are well united and commendably devoted to work." Mr. Glazier closed his pastorate on the last day of June, 1878, exactly six years and six months from its beginning. Dur- ing his pastorate fifty-eight members were received into the church, two of them being baptised by Mr. Glazier on the first Sun- day after his pastorate closed. He is a man of most lovable and forbearing spirit. His public discourse is rich and spiritual, and Biblical in doctrine. His private con- versation is elevating and remarkably en- tertaining. His departure from his people was like the parting from the old home of a son or a brother. After a lapse of three years, his discourses still linger forcefully in the minds of the people to whom he ministered, and the influence of his sweet temper and godly life abides as a benedic- tion, not only upon his devoted parishion- ers, but also upon the pastor who succeeds him. He is now the pastor of the strong Baptist church in South Abington, Mass. Rev. Henry A. Rogers, at present min- istering to the church, became its pastor Oct. 3, 1878, ordained by the church to the Gospel ministry, Nov. 7, following. The efforts of the church during the first 3 years of his pastorate have been in the line of more perfect discipline and organiza- tion. Distinct departments of church work have been organized in the interest of foreign missions, home missions, the Ver- mont Baptist State Convention, music, education, parish gatherings, parish visit- ing, temperance and Sunday-schools. The Sunday-schools have been a marked feature in the history of the work of the church during this period. The school in the church has been making a gradual gain in numbers, and, we think, in efficiency, under the superintendencyof H. B. Wood- ward, H. J. Andrews and Ives Batchelder, successively, and now of Jas. H. Burpee. The services of the first three of these su- perintendents were lost to the church by their removal from the vicinity. A mission school was organized, three miles distant, at Wrightsville, Nov. 27, 1878, S. S. Towner, superintendent. Upon his removal to Lynn, Mass., M. C. Whitney was appointed by the church as superin- tendent, Sept. 4, 1879. At the annual meeting of the school district in March, 1 88 1, on motion of P. C. Wright, the dis- trict passed a vote that their school-house should not be used for the purpose of a Sunday-school. From this time, accord- ingly, the school was of necessity dis- continued. A second mission Sunday-school was organized in East Montpelier, distant five miles, in the school-house of district No. II, May 4, 1879, Samuel L. LilHe, su- perintendent. Sept. 4, 1879, he resigned, being about to go away, and George W. Sanders was appointed in his place, and is present superintendent. A third mission school was begun at Montpelier Center, distant 3 miles. May 25, 1879, F.R.Spalding, superintendent. He also resigned Sept. 4, 1879, to go else- where, and Jno. W. Smith was elected by the church to the superintendency, which office he still fills. It was voted at the district school meet- ing. Mar. 30, 1880, that the school-house in which the services had been held should 428 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. be closed against them. But a neighbor, Mr. West Ormsbee, who had not before attended the school, opened his commo- dious hall, and the school immediately doubled in number. At a called meeting, July 20, 1881, of district No. 6, Montpelier, 2 miles from town, and immediately adjoining the Wrightsville district, by vote of the meet- ing, their house was put at the disposal of the Baptist pastor for Sunday-school ser- vice on Sunday afternoons. Accordingly, a school was organized on the following Sunday, July 24. Mr. E. K. Dexter was subsequently appointed to superintend it. None of these schools has omitted a single session, winter or summer, since they were organized. They are all supplied by the church with circulating libraries, and books from which to learn and sing sacred song. There have been ;i;i added to the church during this time. The church has now 97 members, (Oct. i88i,)but only aboutone- half are resident members, that is, live within 4 or 5 miles of the church. But none of the non-resident members reside in the immediate vicinity of any other reg- ular Baptist church. The whole number of members belonging to the church since its beginning is 155. • Henry A. Rogers, Pastor. ORGANISTS AND MUSICIANS. BY A. A. HADLKY, Organist. Among the principal musicians who have been teachers and organists in Montpelier are : S. B. Whitney, teacher and organist in 1862 — for about 4 years here — who has since made himself famous in Boston as an organist and conductor. About this time, or before, was Mr. H. Irving Proctor, who taught successfully, and is now at Des Moines, Iowa. I think, following Mr. Whitney, was Mr. Irving Emerson, who played at the old Brick Church 3 years, and also taught ; now located at Hartford, Ct., organist and superintendent of music in public schools. In 1868, the now famous H. Clarence Eddy, from Massachusetts, played the organ at Bethany church for 2^ years ; afterwards he studied abroad several years, and is now located in Chicago as director of the Hershey music school, and is con- sidered one of the greatest of living organ- ists. Following him, at the Bethany church, as organist, was Mr. W. A. Briggs, who is a fine organist, and somewhat noted as a composer. Mr. W. A. Wheaton, who teaches at " Goddard," Barre, beside being a success- ful teacher, isalsoorganistat the Unitarian church, Montpelier. Mr. Horace H. Scribxer, who has also taught here several years, is pres- ent organist at the Episcopal church, and is liked by all as an accompanist on the organ and piano. Mr. A. A. Hadley, who has studied some time at Boston, has charge of the musical department in the "Vermont Con- ference Seminary and Female College," at Montpelier, and is organist at Trinity M. E. Church, this village. Mr. Andrew J. Phillips was chorister several years, ending in 1879, at Bethany church, and teacher of vocal music. He married while here a daughter of Judge Redfield, and has a brother at present here, Mr. Wm. E. Phillips, a photograph artist with Mr. Harlow. Mr. Fred W. Bancroft, a resident and native of Montpelier., present chorister at Christ Church, has a good deal of local reputation as a fine tenor singer. Among the ladies, Ellen Nye, beside being a good teacher, is the finest pianist in this vicinity. * Mrs. Briggs, who sang at the time Mr. Phillips was chorister at Bethany, and for several years, is distinguished as a very fine soprano, and now sings at Boston. Miss Cheney, also a very fine soprano, sang several years at the Unitarian church here. She now sings at Burlington. Among other sopranos are Josie Roleau and Mrs. Wheatley, much liked, and of the altos. Miss Mary Phinney and Miss Clara Dewey deserve special notice. MONTPELIER. 429 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. From Thompson's History of Montpelier. COLONEL JACOB DAVIS. Colonel Jacob Davis, the first perma- nent settler of Montpelier, and emphati- cally the chief of its founders, was born in Oxford, Mass., in 1739. ^^'^ descendants have preserved no memorials of his youth, and only know he received no advantages of education except from the common schools of the times. In 1754, the part of the town, in which his father's family re- sided,, was set oft" from Oxford, and incor- porated by the name of Charlton. Here he lived until he removed to Vermont. He married Rebecca Davis, of the same town, a second cousin, and an intelligent, amiable and every way estimable young lady. Mr. Davis must have been a man of considerable property and standing in his town ; and he probably passed through all the lower grades of military office in the militia of his county, and became widely known as an active patriot in the cause of the American Revolution ; for in 1 776, we find him acting under a ColonePs commis- sion of one of the regiments of the Massa- chusetts detached or drafted militia, subject to the call of Congress or the Commander- in-Chief, whenever the occasion might re- quire. How much he was in active service is not known ; but the traditions of his family make him to have been with his command in the little army of Washington in the memorable crossing of the Delaware to attack the Hessians at Trenton in De- cember, 1776. He was .subsequently un- der contract to carry, and so did, the Unit- ed States mail over one of the mail routes in his part of Massachusetts for some years. A few years after there was an old Jew en- gaged in traffic, who owned a large house, or ware-house, in the neighboring town of Leicester ; Colonel Davis, and another gen- tleman of the vicinity, purchased this building, had it fitted up, and a select high school put in operation. This was the small beginning of the afterwards well known Leicester Academy, founded in 1 774 ; and that Colonel Davis was consid- ered one of its founders is shown by the fact, since his death, his family have re- ceived a letter asking for his portrait that it might be placed in the Academy build- ing, with that of the other founders of that institution. Early in the year 1780, he had turned his attention to the purchase of wild lands in the new State of Vermont ; and was among the most active in procuring the granting and chartering of the township, which he caused to be named Montpelier, at the October session of the Legislature of Vermont in that year. From that time to the commencement of the meetings of the proprietors in the winter of 1786, which he attended. Colonel Davis appears to have been energetically engaged in his pri- vate business, at Charlton, or in public en- terprises, like the one above mentioned. But ffom this year, and perhaps the year before, he was obviously employed in dis- posing of his quite handsome property in Massachusetts, and arranging for removal to his newly elected home in Vermont. In the winter of 1787, after having made, during the previous summer and fall, sev- eral journeys into the State to attend the meetings of the proprietors, commence the survey of the new township, in whicii he had secured three rights, or about 1000 acres, and make selection of pitches for the occupation of himself and sons, he re- moved his family to Brookfield, then the nearest settled town to Montpelier ; and early in the following spring, still leaving his wife and daughters at Brookfield, till a comfortable home could be provided for them, he came with his sons and a hired man to make his opening in the dark for- ests of Montpelier. His career for the next 12 or 15 years, involved, to a remark- able degree, the history of the town.. Near the year 1800, he became involved in several large and vexatious lawsuits, growing out of disputed land titles or the sales of lands he had effected through his agencies under foreign landholders. In one of these, for want of his ability to make legal proof of payments that the dis- tant proprietors had received, a large judg- ment was obtained in the United States Circuit Court against him, which was con- 43° VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. sidered by himself, his family and friends, so unjust that he, with their concurrence, resolved never to pay it. And in pursu- ance of this determination, he conveyed to his sons and sons-in-law the principal part of his attachable property, and, removing his family to Burlington, so as to be within the limits of Chittenden county jail-yard, invited the service of the execution taken out against him on his own person. Here in Burlington, he led a quiet life for over a dozen years, during which frequent offers of compromises were made him by the plaintiffs in the suit, which he steadily rejected till the winter of 1814, when they made an offer so nearly amounting to a re- linquishment of their whole claim, and so virtually involving an admission of its in- justice, that he accepted it, and the whole matter in dispute was amicably settled. But before he became prepared to remove, as he was about to do, to his beloved Mont- pelier, he was attacked by an acute disease which terminated his life April 9, 1814. His remains were brought to Montpelier for interment, and a broad tomb-stone marking the place where they repose may now be found in the old village grave-yard. In person. Col. Davis was 6 feet high, broad-shouldered, compactly formed and well proportioned, with unusually large bones and muscles. His face was round favored, and handsomely featured, and his whole appearance dignified and command- ing. His great physical powers are in- stanced in his ability to slash an acre of forest land in a day. Let one other suffice. Old Mr. Levi Humphrey, one of the first settlers, who died in this town, August, 1859, aged 93 years, told us, about a fort- night before his death, he well-remembered being one day at Col. Davis' log house, when the latter requested two of his strong- est hired men to go into the yard and bring in, for a back-log for their long open fire-place, a cut of green maple 4 feet long or more and nearly 2 feet in diameter. In compliance, they each took hold of an end, but reported they were unable to bring it in, and were preparing to roll it up to the door with handspikes, when the Colonel, havmg noticed their failure to take up the log, came out, motioned them aside, and grasping the ends with his long arms, lift- ed and marched into the house with it, and threw it on to the fire, pleasantly remark- ing to them as he did so, that " they did not appear to be any great things at log- lifting." But Col. Davis' physical powers were of small account in the comparison with the other strong traits of the man, his enterprise, energy, judgment and far- reaching sagacity ; but even they were not all the good qualities of his character ; no needy man ever went empty-handed from his door ; he ever gave employment of some kind to all who asked for it ; and so well he rewarded all his employees, that no reasonable man in the whole settlement was ever heard to complain of the amount of wages he paid, or any unfair conduct in his dealings. [In addition, Mr. Gilman gives : Charl- ton, the birth place of Col. Davis, adjoins Leicester on the north. Hon. Emory Washburn, in his history ot Leicester, states that the academy in that town, one of the oldest in the state, "owes its founda- tion to the generosity and public spirit of Col. Jacob Davis, and Col. Ebenezer Crafts, whose munificence was suitably acknowl- edged in the Act of Incorporation. They purchased the commodious dwelling house, then recently occupied by Aaron Lopez, and its appendages, together with an acre of land, which they conveyed to the Trus- tees of Leicester Academy, in consideration of the regard they bear to virtue and learn- ing, which they consider greatly conducive to the welfare of the community. The value of this estate was $1716, and was situated directly in front of the present Academy buildings. The liberality of these gentlemen, one of them (Davis) res- ident of Charlton, and the other (Crafts) of Sturbridge, deserves the gratitude of pos- terity." Col. Davis owned a valuable es- tate in Charlton, adjacent to that of his brother, Ebenezer Davis. Col. Nathan- iel, Gen. Parley, and Hezekiah Davis, three brothers, early settlers in Montpelier, were sons of Ebenezer Davis of Charlton, and nephews of Col. Jacob Davis, not cousins, as stated by Thompson.] MONTPELIER. 431 REBECCA DAVIS. The efficient help-meet of the energetic man, whose life and character we have but too briefly sketched, was born in Oxford, Mass., in 1743; married about the year 1765, and died Feb. 25, 1823. She lies buried by the side of her husband in this village, where she peacefully passed the last as well as the middle portion of her useful and exemplary life. She early united with the Congregational Church after it was es- tablished in this village, and had long been considered a Christian in works, as well as faith, which would have well wan-anted an earlier public profession of religion. Unusually comely in person, with a sweet smile ever on her lips, kind in disposition, intelligent and discreet, she was the never failing friend ofthe needy and distressed, the judicious adviser of the young, and the uni- versal object of the love and respect of all classes of the people of the settlement. Of the more than half score of her cotempora- ries in this town of whom we have made inquiries respecting her, all most cordially united in affirming, in substance, what we will only quote as the warmly expressed words of one of them; "Mrs. Colonel Davis was one of, the best, the very best, women in the whole world !" She was a mother in the early Montpelier Israel, and she has left behind her a name bright with blessed memories. HON. DAVID WING, JR., was born in Rochester, Mass., June 24, 1766; removed with his father and family to Montpelier about 1790, and settled down with them on a farm adjoining what is now known as the old Clark Stevens place, in the east part of the town. He had doubtless received a rather superior common school education', though the ed- ucational accomplishments, which he al- most at once exhibited after coming into the Settlement, were probably mainly the fruits of his native taste and scholarship, which is strikingly conspicuous in all the memo- rials, social or civil, that he has left behind him. He taught the second school of the town, which was opened, it is believed, in the same year in which he became one of its inhabitants. Within about 2 years after his arrival, he was elected town clerk, and during the next dozen years the offices of town agent, town representative, judge of the county court and secretary of state, seem to have been crowded upon him in regular and rapid succession. As an ev- idence of his great popularity among his townsmen, maybe cited, that while he was holding the office of side judge, and chief judge of the county court — ten-fold the best office held by any other inhabitant of the town — he was elected the town repre- sentative 4 years previous to his election as secretary of state ; and not content with that, for the several years during that time, they threw their entire vote for him as state treasurer. Considering the jeal- ousies usually existing among the numbers found in every town who believe them- selves qualified for office, and who gen- erally raise a clamor against bestowing an office on a man who is already holding another good office, perhaps nothing could be adduced, which shows so strongly, the personal regard in which David Wing was universally held by his almost idolizing townsmen. In 1792, he married Hannah, second daughter of Col. Jacob Davis, a young lady of many personal attractions and much moral excellence. They had eight children, whose names show the classical tastes of the father, and estimation in which the different noted personages of history were held by him : Debby Daphne, Christopher Columbus, Algernon Sidney, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Maria Theresa, David Davis, Caroline Augusta and Max- imus Fabius. The two first daughters died in infancy ; the other children arrived at maturity, and took highly respectable positions in society, though only one of them appears to have fully inherited the tastes and native scholarship of their father— the Rev. Marcus T. C. Wing. In person. Judge Wing was of medium height, of a good form, fine head, shapely features and an animated countenance, all made the more attractive and winning by the dignified affability of his manners. As an instance of the quickness of his per- 432 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ceptions, his ready business capacities and the versatile character of his talents, sev- eral of his yet surviving cotemporaries have named to us the fact, of which they were frequently cognizant, that he would correctly and rapidly draw up any kind of document, report, despatch or legal in- strument in writing, and at the same time maintain a connected and lively conversa- tion with those around him. He was elected secretary of state in the fall of 1802, and while still holding the office, and in the midst of his usefulness and high promise, was suddenly swept away by a malignant fever, Sept. 13, 1806. Rarely has a death occurred in this sec- tion of the State which produced so pro- found a sensation in community, and it was mourned as a great loss, not only to the town but to the whole State. [Marcus Tullius Cicero Wing, son of David Wing, Jr., born Oct. 17, 1798; graduated at Middlebury in the Class of 1820; read medicine in Montpelier, 1820- 1821 ; was teacher in Maryland, 1821- 24 ; studied at the Episcopal Theological Seminary in Alexandria, Va., 6^ years; was tutor in Kenyon College, O., 1826-29 ; Rector of an Episcopal church in Board- man, O., 1829-31 ; editor of the Gambier Observer, and treasurer and general agent of Kenyon College, several years, since which he has been Professor of Ecclesiasti- cal History in the Episcopal Theological Seminary of Ohio at Gambier. He has re- ceived the degree of D. D. (1853.) — Pearson Calalogxie. ELDER ZIBA V^OODWORTH, a man whose character was marked by many peculiar qualities, whose life was checkered by many peculiar events, was born Apr. 1769, in Bozrah, Ct., and was a connection of the gallant Col. Ledyard, who married his aunt, and his two broth- ers, Joseph and Asahel Woodworth, Ziba, the younger, but 17, became soldiers in Col. Ledyard's regiment ; when that re- vengeful devil incarnate, Benedict Arnold, led the British against New London, and utterly desolated it with fire and sword, Ziba and his brother Asahel were, with their brave uncle in command, in Fort Griswold, on the Groton side of the Thames, Joseph being with another de- tachment some miles distant, but hasten- ing on to the rescue. While the infamous Arnold was devastating New London, he sent out a detachment of several hundred British troops, under Col. Eyre, to carry Fort Griswold. The resistance of Col. Ledyard was gallant but unavailing. Part of the works were dilapidated, and the British, after being kept at bay about an hour, and suffering the temporary loss of their Colonel, who was badly wounded, ^nd the loss of their second in command. Major Montgomery, who, with many of the soldiers, was killed, poured into the Fort in overwhelming numbers, under the lead of the third officer in rank, the vin- dictive and brutal Major Broomfield. Col. Ledyard surrendered the Fort, and, while presenting his sword, hilt first, to the British commander, was murderously run through the body by his own weapon. Thereupon the British commenced an in- discriminate butchery of the Americans. Among the first, Ziba and his brother Asahel were prostrated — Asahel by a bullet, shattering the bones of his knee ; Ziba by a head-wound, which rendered him insensible. They had not yet done enough for the desperately wounded Ziba ; one of them made a heavy lunge with a bayonet into his bowels ; the wound, though, owing to the strength and thickness of the new tow shirt he had on, not proving mortal, and another struck him senseless with the butt of a musket on the head. The mas- sacre was intended to be universal. [As this account had from the lips of Uncle Ziba in his lifetime appears to violate his- tory, it will be contended by some that he mistook some other British officer there slain for the murderer of Ledyard.] After all had, or were supposed to have, received their death wounds, the British, in their wanton ferocity, dragged out a dozen or so of those who exhibited the most signs of life, piled them into a detached cart, and sent it rolling down a steep bank till it struck a large apple tree, by which it was stove to .pieces in the shock, and made a MONTPELIER. 433 sudden end of its groaning victims. Most of these particulars were had from the lips of Ziba Woodworth. After a long, distressing sickness, Ziba recovered, except in the use of his knee, and in a few years, came with his two brothers, and perhaps other members of his family, to settle in Montpelier. His first pitch was made on the lot lying about I mile east of the village, which he soon sold to James Hawkins, and purchased another on the Branch, about i^ mile above the village, where he resided till his death, Nov. 27, 1826. He married and lived some years with his wife in Connecticut, when they were divorced, and soon after coming here, he married Lucy Palmer, from Canaan, N.H. Their children, 5, all but their son John, who is still living, (i860,) died in child- hood. He came into Montpelier about 1790, was present at its organization and its first town clerk. Ever after coming here, he was accounted a religious man of the Free Will Baptist persuasion. In about 1800, he began to exhort in public meetings, and in January, 1806, was licensed and or- dained at a quarterly meeting of Free Will Baptists held at Danville. He did not, however, preach statedly anywhere, but mostly confining himself to his farm, di- vided his spare time between politics and religion, and became as ardent a partisan as he was a Christian. Elder Woodworth was of small stature, limping in gate, but of wonderfully an- imated manner, and his heart seemed ever absolutely overflowing with the gushing of benevolenee. Once, learning a poor man from his neighborhood, who had moved to Ohio, had fallen sick and died there, leaving two or three unprotected children, he left his business, journeyed all the way to Ohio, at his own ejcpense, in a single, wagon, and brought all the children home with him. And still Uncle Ziba had enough faults to mingle with his virtues, to make him sometime the subject of doubtful remarks among the less char- itable of the community. He was quite energetic in all he did or said, and the 55. ardor of his temperament often led him into some extravagance of speech or action. But, take him all in all, he was a man of the kindest of impulses, a hearty friend, a charitable opponent, a good neighbor and a good citizen. DOCTOR EDVi^ARD LAMB, born in Leicester, Mass., 1771, had not the advantages of a full public education, but studied at the academy, growing up in that town, in which the classics were be- ginning to be taught several years, and af- ter that added a respectable knowledge of Latin and Greek, and entered as a medical student with Dr. Fiskeof Sturbridge, con- tinuing with him until he had attended a course of medical lectures in Boston and Cambridge, when, at the age of about 24, he removed to Montpelier, where his elder brother, Colonel Earned Lamb, had some years preceded him, and settled in his pro- fession. In 1803 he married Polly Wither- ell of Montpelier, who died in 1822, leaving no issue. He was constable and collector of the town from 1799, ^^^ years; town representative in 1804, 14, 15 ; and what should be esteemed a still greater honor, was one of the Presidential electors when Gen. Harrison was run in 1836. Although not much of a public speaker, he acquitted himself well in his public star tions, for he was a man of rare good sense, unusually extensive practical information, and had a wonderful memory he had stored with a vast fund of all sorts of knowledge and learning. We know of but two public performances of his, not connected with the above named offices — one the delivery of an original ora- tion at the first celebration of the fourth of July ever held in Montpelier, in 1806, the other his valuable address on the " Science of Medicine," delivered before the Ver- mont Medical Society some 15 years later. But it was in his profession he was best known to the public, and that more favor- ably and extensively than often falls to the lot of a local physician. His opinions among his professional brethen, in this section of the State, were widely sought and respected. In a knowledge of the 434 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. technicalities of medical science he scarce- ly had a superior. In all the ordinary dis- eases, his skill was equal to that of other good physicians — in fevers it was such as to place him with the very ablest practition- ers of Vermont. The estimation in which his skill was held, in this respect, by his professional brethren, is sufficiently attest- ed, that during the general and fatal prev- alence of malignant fevers in 1813 and 14, he had at one time no less than 14 sick physicians under his immediate care in this part of the State. During the run of the spotted fever, in this vicinity, Dr. Lamb had the chief care of 70 cases, and lost but three. His prac- tice in his own town, was, at least 40 years, as full as it was successful ; while for diffi- cult cases his attendance was sought in all the surrounding country. He had some unfortunate deficiences. In all his own pecuniary affairs, he was singularly remiss. More than half the time, it is believed, he made no charges for his services at all. He rarely dunned any man ; and if he did, it was when he happened to be hard pressed for money to keep up his unusally plain and cheap way of living. Then often he would go to some abundantly responsible customer, owing him honestly, perhaps, $50, ask for $15 or 5f2o, and on receiving it, hand back a re- ceipt, in full of the whole account. In fact, he was one of the most unselfish men in the world, and could not be brought to care any more for money, except for supplying his absolute present wants, than so much dirt beneath his feet. And in all his ex- tensive practice among all classes of com- munity, it probably never once entered his head to make the least distinction between the richest and poorest, in the promptitude and faithfulness of his attendance. And the consequence, while his just and honest earnings would have made him, well man- aged, worth $50,000, he died worth scarce- ly one hundredth of that amount. He was everybody's servant, and everybody's friend but his own ; and being at last seized with one of the ten thousand fevers he had so successfully managed in others, he at once predicted its end but too cor- rectly, and in a few days passed peacefuly away, Nov. 4, 1845, aged about 74, uni- versally regretted and respected. Personally, he was of medium height, rather stocky, moderate in his motions, slightly limping in gait in consequence of a fever sore on one of his legs in his youth, and very neglectful in all matters of dress and outward appearance, — all which were at once forgotten, when one confronted his massive and noble head, manly features, pleasant blue eye, and thoughtful, impres- sive countenance ; and socially, he was one of the most kindly and agreeable men, full of instructive remarks, generally aptly illus- trated by the fund of piquant and amusing anecdotes which, in the course of his vari- ous reading and experience, he had treas- ured in his remarkable memory. If ever a people owed a great and une- quivocal debt of gratitude to any one man, the people of Montpelier and vicinity rest under such an obligation to Dr. Lamb. COL. JAMES H. LANGDON, the successful merchant of Montpelier, was born in Farmington, Conn., Mar. 3, 1783. When a youth he entered the store of Gen. Abner Forbes, then the leading mer- chant of Windsor, Vt., to acquire a knowl- edge of the mercantile profession, which he had determined to make the business of his life. And such was the progress he made and the confidence he inspired, and tact and good judgment he displayed in all the details of trade, and more important transactions of business coming within the scope of his action, that his employer. Gen. Forbes, before he reached the age of 21, took him into partnership, and estab- lished him at the head of a branch store in the village of Montpelier, in 1803. For the next half dozen years he continued to do business under the firm of Langdon & Forbeg ; when justly believing he had ac- cumulated capital enough and friends enough in this place to warrant the move- ment, he bought out Gen. Forbes' interest in the store, and thenceforward conducted the business in his own name, and entirely on his own responsibility. From this time, alone or in company (^/fmZ4^A^^.-^e^Z^>^t^^'^ >0v V0^ ^ i'^iMy ^^,j^.^r^,f^^ MONTPELIER. 435 with different partners, the first and longest continued being the systematic and clear- headed John Barnard, who was prematurely cut down by an acute disease in 1822 ; and the next, the Hon. John Spalding, still surviving, [since deceased.] From this time, for the next 20 years, Col. Langdon seemed to be wafted forward on one un- varied tide of prosperity and success, and great public benefits grew out of his com- mercial career, as he was instrumental in reforming the irregularities of trade, which up to his day custom had sanctioned, and in placing it on a just and honorable basis ; and while thus conferring untold benefits on his town by what he did, and by the force of his salutary examples, he so con- ducted his dealings as well to deserve all the remarkable success which attended him. But we need not here enlarge on his noble characteristics as a merchant ; we shall rather confine the remainder of our sketch to that which particularly marked him as a man and a citizen, .and gave him that strong hold on public feeling, and that high place in the public estimation, which he retained through life. In 1809, Col. Langdon married Miss Nabby Robbins, of Lexington, Mass., a union from which sprang five children, Amon, who died in childhood, John B., James R., George, and Caira R. Langdon. [John Barnard and George Langdon have died; James Robbins and Caira R., now Mrs. Nicholas, are still living.] Col. Langdon ever manifested a proper interest, and often took an active part in the public affairs and official business of the town, having at various times filled with acceptance its most important offices. He also entered, and was rapidly promoted, in the military line, till he gained the title by which he is here designated. In the year 1828, having removed over the river to his beautiful meadows within the bor- ders of Berlin, he was elected with unusual unanimity by the people of that town, as their representative in the Legislature ; and in the following year re-elected to the office still more unanimously ; and by the appli- cation of his excellent judgment and great practical knowledge in the business of legislation, he well justified the choice of his constituents. In 1828, he was elected, on the retirement of the Hon. Elijah Paine, the first to hold the office. President of the Bank of Montpelier, which responsible office he continued to hold to the time of Jiis death. Inperson,Col. Langdon was well formed, and his features were all shapely and hand- some ; while his countenance was lighted up by one of the most kindly and winning smiles that ever enlivened the human face. Nor did his countenance belie his heart, inherently sincere, sympathetic and hu- mane. And, while in all the movements and enterprises of public benevolence, his liberality was commensurate with his means, in private charities and individual assist- ance, he went, as he wished, far beyond what was ever generally made known to the public ; for he was extremely averse to making any parade of his benefactions, and his favors were very generally con- ferred under injunctions of .secrecy. And thus it was, that the extent of his private charities and pecuniary assistance to the distressed and those laboring under busi- ness embarrassments, were never known except through the irrepressible outgush- ings of gratitude from the lips of those whom he had relieved. His lenity and forbearance towards all who were indebted to him were remark- able ; and, to the credit of human nature be it said, as remarkable was the gratitude of those thus favored, and their determin- ation that he should never be the loser by the kindness he had conferred. After he had retired from business, expecting to be much absent, he placed his demands, over $100,000, in the charge of a confidential agent, who was an attorney, strictly en- joining him to sue nobody and distress nobody, but use all kindly, and charge him for all the expense and trouble in- curred in the collections. And though this great amount of miscellaneous de- mands remained in the hands of that at- torney for nearly three years, and though a large number of the debtors failed during that time, yet in all that period never was [ a single dollar lost out of the whole col- 436 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. lection. On the eve of their failures, or when they had any fears of faikire, the debtors would come privately to the agent, and, with the remark, that " Col.Langdon had been too good to them to be injured," voluntarily placed in his hands the fullest securities they had in their power to offer. Within one week after such transactions, perhaps these debtors would fail ; sheriffs would be scouring the country for prop- erty, and almost every creditor would .suffer loss except Col. Langdon. He, to the wonder of all, was always found secure. The last characteristic incident of his life occurred when he was on his death bed. Finding his end drawing near, he sent for his attorney, and ordered him to make a life lease to an old revolutionary soldier of the farm he occupied, but of which the Colonel held a mortgage for more than its value. This was the last business transaction of his life. He died Jan. 7, 1831. As he was the idol of the people when he lived, so at his death he was lamented by more friends in the com- munity at large than falls to the lot of but few to have numbered among their real mourners. HON. JEDUTHAN LOOMIS was born in Tolland, Conn., Jan. 5, 1779. After receiving a fair academical education, he studied law with Hon. Oramel Hinck- ley, of Thetford, Vt. ; was admitted to the bar there, and came to Montpelier and es- tablished himself about 1805. Mar. II, 1807, he married Hannah, daughter of Col. and Judge Oramel Hinck- ley, of Thetford, who died suddenly, Dec. 24, 1813, leaving no issue. Oct. 10, 1814, he married Miss Charity Scott, of Peacham, who died June 13, 1821, leaving 2 sons, Gustavus H., the late Dr. Loomis, and Chauncey. Oct. 8, 1822, he married Miss Sophia Brigham, of Salem, Mass., who died in 1855, leaving Charity, — Mrs. Dana, of Woodstock, — now deceased ; Mrs. Jo- seph Prentiss, of Winona, Minn., and Charles Loomis, Esq., now deceased. Judge Loomis died Nov. 12, 1843. In 1814, Mr. Loomis was appointed Register of Probate for the District of Washington, but held the office only one year. In 1820, he was elected the Judge of Probate for this district, and had the un- usual honor of receiving ten successive elections, the greatest number of elections of any other man in this County being five, given to the Hon. Salvin Collins. From 1807, up to his death, there is scarcely a year in which he did not receive, and well and faithfully execute, some one of the trusts or offices of the town. And the last 20 years of his life he was, besides being an efficient friend of the common schools, always a laboring trustee, often the head prudential committee, and always the treasurer, and chief pillar of Wash. Co. Gram. School. In the latter capacity, for which, and for being so long the admitted model Judge of Probate of all this part of the State, he was mostly known to the public abroad. There was once extant an old book called "The Minute Philosopher." We mention the name, because so suggestive of the character of Judge Loomis. He was a very carefully reasoning man, and carried his philosophy into all the minutia of business. Any of the little trusts or commissions growing out of a town, school district, highway district, or neighbor- hood or family affairs, which the more am- bitious or selfish would disdain to accept, or, if they did, only half execute, he would cheerfully accept, and always execute with the most scrupulous care. Indeed, he seemed to consider it his duty to do every- thing asked of him, if, in performing it, he thought he could benefit his fellow-men individually, or the public at large. It was so with him in his profession, so in the church of which he vvas an officer, and it was so everywhere. Being a tall, dark-complexioned man, of formal manners, with a grave and rather austere countenance, he might be taken by the unacquainted for a man with few sen- sibilities ; but break through the apparent atmosphere of repulsion, and approach him, and you would find him as affection- ate as a brother. Being extremely strict in all moral and MONTPELIER. 437 religious observances, and seemingly rather set in his opinions, he might sometimes be taken for a bigot ; but get at his real views and feelings, and you would find him absolutely liberal, and willing to make all the allowance for errors which the largest charity might demand. A man of legal knowledge, ordinary good judgment, and of known good mo- tives, who is willing to perform the duties of every small needful office, as well as great one, and who is ever ready to act the part of adviser, assistant and friend, in adjusting town difficulties and neigh- borhood dissensions, is always a great blessing to a village community, and such was Judge Jeduthan Loom is. More than will ever be justly appreciated, probably, is Montpelier village indebted to him for his untiring and self-sacrificing e.xertions to advance her best interests. HON. TIMOTHY MERRILL. Emphatically a public man, was born in Farmington, Conn., Mar. 26, 1781, where, having received little more than a common school education, when becoming of age, he shouldered his pack, and travelled on foot to Bennington, Vt., where his older brother, Hon. Orsamus C. Merrill, had some years before established himself in the legal profession. Here he studied law ; was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice in partnership with the after- wards noted Robert Temple, in Rutland. But not feeling very well satisfied with his situation, dissolved with Temple in less than a year, and removed to Montpelier in 1809, and established himself alone in his profession. In 1812, he married Clara, daughter of Dr. Fassett, of Bennington. They had 5 children — a son who died in infancy ; Ferrand F. Merrill, our late well- known fellow citizen; Edwin S. Merrill, of Winchendon, Mass., formerly post- master of Montpelier ; Clara Augusta, who died in 1842, and Timothy R. Merrill, our present town clerk. In 1811-12, Mr. Merrill was the town representative of Montpelier. In 181 1, was elected the first State's Attorney of the new County of Jefferson, and in 181 5 to the same office, the name of the county being now changed to that of Washington, which office he held through seven succes- sive elections, eight in all ; two more than ever received in that office by any other man in the county, Dennison Smith hav- ing received but si.\. In 181 5, he was elected Engrossing Clerk of the General Assembly, and received seven successive elections to that office. In 1822, he was elected Clerk of the House of Representa- tives, and received nine successive elec- tions to that office. In 183 1, he was elected Secretary of State, which office he retained till his death, having received in it five successive elections. In his profession, Mr. Merrill took a very fair rank, and was sustained by as fair a patronage. But his public employ- ments required too much of his time and attention to permit him to reach the posi- tion in his profession to which his admitted talents would have otherwise doubtless raised him. He was ever considered, how- ever, a safe legal adviser ; and in his ap- peals to juries, as well as in his addresses to public assemblies, he often warmed up into genuine eloquence, the effect of which was heightened by one of the most clear- toned and melodious voices which it was ever the good fortune of a public man to possess ; and yet with such a fair profes- sional business to bring him money, be- sides his receipts from his public offices, he died worth bift little property, and what added pertinency to the fact, his family ever dressed and lived, for their position, with great plainness and frugality ; but he never charged anything for advice, though his office was thronged by those seeking it ; being naturally a peace man and very conscientious, he would advise three men out of lawsuits where he would one into them. He never charged for his legal services much more than half what was usually charged by other lawyers of the same standing, and what he did charge he would, in any event, often remit a part from, and if his client was unsuccessful, be quite likely to give in nearly the whole of it. In person, he was below the medium height, but had a fine head, good features 438 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. and a very intelligent and prepossessing countenance. He was one of the most affectionate of husbands and fathers, one of the most agreeable of neighbors, and one of the most correct and enlightened of citizens — honored be his memory. HON. FERRAND F. MERRILL, son of Hon. Timothy, of whom, to a most singular extent, the public history of the father was the history of the son. Like the father, and for about the same number of years, though at a much younger age, the son was Clerk of the House of Repre- sentatives. Like the father, was the son at once transferred from the clerkship to the office of Secretary of State, to be therein retained, we believe, exactly the same number of years during which the former lived to hold the office. Like the father, the son was State's Attorney for Washington County, though, through the altered rules of rotation, not so long ; and, like the father, was the son, for the now customary term, the representative of Montpelier in the legislature. By his education, by his readiness in all matters in form, acquired under his fath- er's trainings, advantages of personal ap- pearance, and great courtesy of manners, he was unusually fitted to do well and ap- pear well in public life, and was an accom- plished and popular officer. In the legis- lature he became a prominent member, and in the difficult position in which he found himself placed, in the keenly con- tested question relative to the removal of the seat of government from Montpelier, he displayed an ability and tact which met the full approval of his constituents, and which, had he consented to be again a candidate, would have ensured him further elections. In private life he was blameless, in all his social relations much esteemed. In the furtherance of the interests of religion, morals and education, he took a conspic- uous part, and, in fine, he began to be looked upon as one of the most capable and useful of our citizens, when he died of apo- plexy. May 2, 1859, in the meridian of his usefulness, and when his prospects for pro- fessional eminence were the brightest. HON. ARAUNAH W^ATERMAN was born in Norwich, Conn., Nov. 8, 1778. He sprang from good Revolutionary stock, his father having been at first a subaltern officer, and then commissary, in the con- tinental army, and his uncles either officers or soldiers. His advantages for education were 6 months schooling before the age of 12. At about 13, he was apprenticed to a carpenter of his town, and served till 21, working steadily by day, and studying at night by the light of pine knots, to make up the deficiences of his education. Soon after acquiring his trade, was recommend- ed as a master mechanic to Gen. Pinkney, of South Carolina, who was wishing to build somewhat extensively on his several large plantations, was accepted, and the first year devoted himself to the superin- tendency of erecting the various structures contemplated, among which was a fine summer house on Sullivan's Island, and the next year, having by his capacity and integrity gained the fullest confidence of Gen. Pinkney, who was appointed U. S. Minister to England, was made steward and chief supervisor over all the General's estates. After leaving Gen. Pinkney's em- ployment, he returned to Connecticut, but in 1801 or 1802, came to Vermont with his brothers, the present Judges Joseph and Thomas Waterman, and other brothers and sisters, and with them settled in Johnson. In 1804, he married Rebecca, daughter of Oliver Noyes, of Hydepark, and sister of the Hon. David P. Noyes, by whom he had several children, among whom is the Hon. Vernon W. Waterman, of Morristown. His wife dying in 181 2, in something over a year afterward, he mar- ried Mehitable Dodge, of New Boston, N. H., now deceased, but long known among us as a most estimable woman, by whom he had 7 children, two of whom, daughters, are still living on the old home- stead in Montpelier. After residing in Johnson about a dozen years, engaged in farming, constructing the machinery re- quired about the different mills of that brisk village, and particularly by the card- ing and clothing works with which he be- came connected, he removed to Mont- MONTPELIER. 439 pelier about the beginning of 1 8 14, and purchased the farm and a portion of the water privilege, lying on the west bank of the North Branch, above and around the falls, on the borders of this village. Here, besides carrying on his farm , he soon en- gaged in erecting, improving and carrying on carding and clothing works, and before many years, in connection with Seth Persons, erected and put in operation the comparatively extensive woolen factory, which was burned March, 1826, and at the burning of which he came near losing his life. After this, he mainly employed him- self in improving his farm, which, with his house, soon brought considerably within the village by its gradual extension in that direction, he continued to occupy until his death, coming, at the age of 80, to close his unusually varied, active and laborious life, Jan. 31, 1859. In 1821, ''22, ''23, '26, Mr, Waterman was elected town representative of Montpelier. When the new State Senate was estab- lished, in 1836, Mr. Waterman was tri- umphantly elected as one of the two first senators of Washington County, and on the following year, as triumphantly re-elected to complete the senatorial term, which, in what is called the Tzvo Year Rule, had been previously adopted. In 1840, he was elected by the legislature to the office of Judge of the County Court, which office, however, being unsought and unexpected by him, he declined to accept. As a rep- resentative and senator, he never spoke for the sake of talking, and never except to support some measure which he be- lieved calculated for the public good, or to subserve some cherished political interest ; and then his extensive practical knowledge and accurate political information enabled him to speak with effect. We find Mr. Waterman's name on our town records often associated with ,the most important of our town offices. But he was not much known in these, because, doubtless, he was almost constantly in higher posts attracting a more general no- tice. Being esteemed the best surveyor in this section of the country, he was, after our old surveyor. Gen. Davis, began to retire from the field, much employed on difficult surveys of land plots, disputed lines, and laying out of new public roads, and about 1830, when, on the completion of the great canal in New York, the feasi- bility of canals across this State began to be agitated, he was appointed, under an appropriation from the general govern- ment, to conduct a survey for a canal from Burlington up the valley of the Winooski, and over the heights to Wells River, run- ning into the Connecticut. This he ac- complished, and, in doing it, was the first man to ascertain the altitude of Montpel- ier above Lake Champlain, and the alti- tude of Kettle Pond, on the eastern border of Marshfield, the lowest summit level of the heights between Montpelier and Con- necticut river. And in proof of the accu- racy of his survey, as imperfect as were his instruments, may be cited the fact, that when the surveys of the Central rail- road were perfected, it was found that the engineers, with their greatly more perfect instruments, and their everyway better equipments and means, had made the level of the top of the dam across the river at Montpelier to vary but between 3 and 4 feet from the altitude recorded in Mr. Wa- terman's survey made a dozen years be- fore. Mr. Waterman was active in improving our common schools, and for many years one of the most efficient of the trustees of our Academy. And in despite of the mul- tiplicity of his cares, found time to keep himself posted in matters of general science and Hterature. He was probably the most reliable geologist in Montpelier. In a knowledge of the principles of mechanics and their practical applications, he had few superiors anywhere. His knowledge of history was extensive, and of our national politics singularly ample and accurate. The late Jonathan Southmayd, 12 years preceptor of our Academy, was in the habit of often conferring with Mr. Water- man in the solution of difficult problems in the higher branches of mathematics, me- chanics and other sciences, and once re- marked, he had never met a man, not ed- ucated in a college, who could compare 440 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. with him in the extent of his general and the accuracy of his scientific knowledge. As a citizen, man and neighbor, his use- fulness and practical benevolence were universally admitted, and the assistance he was frequently rendering others, through their bad returns for the favors conferred, kept down to a simple competence what would othewise have been a handsome property for the inheritance of his family. Among those of an active life, a man's capacities and character are best accurately measured by what he accomplishes. By this rule, what Mr. Waterman accomplish- ed would place him far above the level of ordinary men. In the first place he made himself — no common achievement where such a man is made, and made under such disadvantages ; and then he achieved for himself, for his family and for the public, all that we have related of him. Let all that stand as the simple record of his life. What cause have his friends to ask for a better monument to his memory? HON. CYRUS WARE, son of Jonathan Ware, of Wrentham, Mass., was born May 8, 1769. His father died when he was but 3 years of age, but he continued with his family and attended the common schools of the place till nearly 14, when he went to Hartford, Vt., to learn the blacksmith's trade, in the shop of a Mr. BiUings, who had married his sister, and worked faithfully at the trade till 2 1 ; and then, with what knowledge he had contrived to pick up by reading during his apprenticeship, he went to studying law with Hon. Charles Marsh, of Wood- stock, and after a year or two, went to Royalton and completed the prescribed course of legal studies with Jacob Smith, Esq., and was here admitted to the bar in 1799, and the same year came to Mont- pelier, and opened an ofl5ce in this village. His capacities appear to have early attract- ed the attention of his townsmen; for within about one year after he came into town, we find him figuring in town offices, in some one of which he was retained until the September State election, 1805, when he represented Montpelier in the General Assembly, and did so acceptably acquit himself, his constituents gave him five an- nual successive elections, a number never exceeded in the case of any Montpelier representative, and never equalled except in the case of Col. Davis. While still rep- resentative, he was in 1808 made chief Judge of Caledonia County Court, and re- ceived three successive elections, being continued in that office until the organiza- tion of the new County of Jefferson, which, on account of his residence within it, made him ineligible to any further elections to the bench of Caledonia County. In addi- tion, he was annually appointed what is called the law and trial justice of the peace for the last forty years of his life, doing, through a large portion of that period, the greater share of the justice business of the place, and making its profits the main means of his livelihood. There can be no doubt Judge Ware, at the time he was the Judge of the Caledonia County Court and the representative of Montpelier, and for many years afterwards, was one of the most influential men in the State. That his rulings and decisions while judge met the approbation of the bar and the people, is shown by his being annually elected to the bench as long as he was eligible, at the instance of the people of the county where his judicial ministrations were best known. As town representative, he secured to his town, by his talents and skillful management, the location of the seat of government and its untold advantages. The late Hon. John Mattocks, who was an active participant in what was called the "first State House struggle," was afterwards heard by more than one person to declare, however strongly right and policy demanded the location of the seat of government here at the centre of the State, yet so keen was the rivalry for the honor by the older vil- lages of the State, it would never have been conferred on Montpelier, but for the unwearied exertions and exceedingly skill- ful management of its representative, Judge Ware. For the last twenty years of his life, through improvidence in his affairs and the growing expenses of a large family, but MONTPELIER. 441 not through personal vices, he appears to have sunk into comparative poverty, and into the public neglect that too often ac- companies it. But even in his lowest state of poverty, he was the philosopher. " I hope you don't call fiie poor," he would say to those who attempted to com- miserate him. " I consider it settled that a white child is worth two negro children, which are held at $500 apiece, and as fast as I had children born, I put them down on my inventory at $1,000 each, till my estate reached the handsome amount ot $6,000, and, thank Heaven, I have the same property yet on hand." In structure of mind, thought, words and ways. Judge Ware was probably the most perfectly original character we ever had in Montpelier. And his shrewd observations and quaint and witty sayings were, in his day, more quoted than those of any other man in all this section of the country. Clear, discriminating and patient in in- vestigating all important cases, which he conducted by a silent process of mind, yet the result was generally made known in terms and phrases which nobody else would think of using. His brain was singularly creative, and it seemed to be his greatest recreation to indulge in its half-serious, half-sportive frolics. We have it from a lady of this village, when a small girl, she and her mate used to resort to his house night after night, to hear him improvise an original novel, which, for their gratifica- tion, he would begin one evening, take up the ne.xt where he left it, and so carry it on, in good keeping, through a succession of hearings, till it was finished, making probably a more instructive and amusing tale than many that have been published. Judge Ware married Patty, daughter of Gardner Wheeler, Esq., of Barre, May 26, 1803, who survived him. They had 6 children — Gardner W., deceased; Patty Militiah, wife of Samuel Caldwell, of St. Johns, Canada East; Cyrus Leonard, of the vicinity of New York ; Henry, of Ohio ; George, of parts unknown ; Mary, wife of Joel Foster, Jr., and Louisa. Judge Ware died at Montpelier, Feb. 17, 1849, aged nearly 80. 56 CAPTAIN TIMOTHY HUBBARD. To be numbered with those who, by their business capacities and energy of character, contributed most to the wealth and prosperity of Montpelier, were three brothers, Timothy, Roger and Chester Hubbard, who came here before or about the beginning of the present century. They were all enterprising, clear headed men, and, while they remained in trade, successful merchants, especially Chester Hubbard, who confined himself exclusively to trade, and died in 1832, leaving, though then only in middle life, a very handsome property. As the elder more particularly identified himself with the public offices and institutions of the town, and more largely attracted public attention, we have selected him as their representative. Timothy Hubbard was born near the city of Hartford, Conn., Aug. 17, 1776, lived with his father and worked on a farm till 21, getting all the education he ever had at the common school. After contin- uing to work on his father's farm, on stipu- lated wages, probably, about 4 years after he was of age, he came, in 1799, to Mont- pelier, established himself in trade with Wyllis I» Cadwell, Esq., a connection of the Lymans of Hartford, Conn, and Hart- ford, Vt. In 1801, he married Lucy, the third daughter of Colonel Jacob Davis, a very estimable woman. In 1803, he dis- solved his connection with Mr. Cadwell, and went into partnership in trade with his brother-in-law, the Hon. David Wing. After the death of Judge Wing, in 1806, he associated with him his brother, Roger Hubbard, till about 181 6, when he ceased to be any further engaged in mercantile affairs, and employed himself in supervis- ing the cultivation of his different valuable farms in Berlin, and particularly the one on the borders of Montpelier Village, which he soon made his homestead for the remainder of his life. In 1 8 10, he was elected Captain of the fine military company, called the Gover- nor's Guards, of which Isaac Putnam was the first captain; and though he was taken almost from the ranks, he soon showed himself to be one of the best mili. 442 ♦VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. tary officers that ever paraded a company in the streets of Montpelier ; and when the news of the invasion of Plattsburgh, in September, 1814, reached Montpelier, he sallied, cane in hand, into the streets, summoned a drummer and fifer to his side, and with them marched the streets all day, beating up volunteers, to start for the scene of action, and before night, he had enlisted three-fourths of his fellow citizens, who chose him Captain by acclamation. Being now at the head of perhaps the largest and best company of all the Ver- mont Plattsburgh volunteers, with the staunch Joseph Howes for his second in command, he gave his orders for the next day ; and at an early hour, the next morn- ing, they were all seen pouring along, in hot haste, for the seat of war, by night were in Burlington, the next day embark- ing on sloops, crowding all sail for Platts- burgh, but did not arrive in season to take their place in the line of battle. Captain Hubbard was often chosen to fill town offices, especially if there happened to be pending any financial difficulty, growing- out of conflicting interests, which others were unwilling to touch, which he always straightened without fear or favor to clique or party ; often at the expense of another election, though when another such diffi- culty occurred they were all for calling him back again ; when in his singularly frank, independent way, he would give them to understand, it was all the same with him, whether they elected him or not, but if they did, they might depend on it, he should not fear to do his duty. And there can be little doubt, had he kept down this marked trait of character, or played even a little of the demagogue, we should have seen him in higher civil offices. Captain Hubbard was sometimes harsh in rebuking the faults of others, or in de- fending himself, when he unexpectedly met opposition in the path of what he con- sidered his right and duty ; but he seemed to give no lasting oifense ; for the oftended knew as soon as he found himself in the wrong, he would be the first to rectify it. He was liberal to the poor and all educa- tional, religious and benevolent objects. When, in what had been called the Barre street school district, was built a new school house, some twenty years ago, [now some forty,] the Captain bought and caused to be hung in the cupola of this school building, a valuable new bell. And the district thereupon, at a regular meeting, unani- mously voted that their school house should thereafter be called ' ' Hubbard Street School House,''^ and the street on which it stood be changed from Barre Street to Hitbbard Street. And this is still the only name that can be legitimately applied to it. Captain Hubbard's business and finan- cial talents, and trustworthiness for all, not excepting even the most important posts, were widely admitted in his day, and can hereafter always be made to ap- pear on public records, the records of the numerous estates, of which he was the effi- cient administrator, and the records of the Bank of Montpelier which, for years, he skilfully managed in the capacity of its president. About the age of fifty he reached a point which few wealthy men ever reach, the point when he thought he had property enough, and that he had better be bestow- ing it where it would do the most good. Accordingly he began giving i.t to the most needy of the numerous circle of his rela- tives, and continued 'the good work, till a full third of his estate had been bestowed on them. His first wife dying in 1839, '""^ married Anner May, who survived him. He died Oct. 28, 1850. He has no de- scendants. GENERAL EZEKIEL P. WALTON. In the incipient stages of the growth of every country village there are nearly always two different personages who occupy the largest space in the thoughts of the people — the Minister and the Editor. And in proportion as these are faithful, intelligent and able, so, to an almost unappreciable extent, will be its moral, social and intel- lectual advancement. It was the good for- tune of Montpelier, for the first twenty years after the place could fairly lay claim to the dignity of a village, to have the right kind of a man for her Minister, and f/"^^:^ MONTPELIER. 443 the right kind of a man for an Editor, in the persons of Chester Wright and Ezekiel P. Walton. Ezekiel Parker Walton was born in the year 1789, in Canterbury, N. H., in which town his father, George Walton, formerly resided, but frofn which he at length removed to Peacham, Vt. There was a good academy at Peacham, and young Walton, previous to reaching the age of fifteen, attended it a few terms, studying the ordinary English branches, and completing all the school education he ever received. There was, at this time, a small newspa- per, of Federal politics, published at Peach- am by Mr. Samuel Goss, a practical print- er and Editor of his own paper, which was called the Greeti Mo2iiitain Patriot. Into this establishment the boy Walton often found his way, and at length began to feel so much interest in the business he saw going on that he offered himself as an apprentice to the trade ; and Mr. Goss, as he has re- cently told us, so liked the looks of the bright little fellow that he concluded to take him in that capacity, and in despite of the opinions of others, who believed that little could ever be made of him. As Mr. Goss had predicted, however, the boy turned out a well behaved, faithful appren- tice, and made good proficiency in his trade. After serving three years at his trade in Peacham, he came, in 1807, to Montpelier, with Mr. Goss, who bought out the Vei'mont Prentrsor, a paper estab- lished here the year previous by Rev. Clark Brown, and changed the name to that of the Vermont Watchman. Here he served out the remainder of his apprenticeship, which expired in 18 10; when, being of le- gal age, he, in company with Mark Goss, a fellow apprentice in the office, bought out Mr. Samuel Goss ; and the paper was then, for the next half dozen years, con- ducted by the firm of Walton & Goss, Mr. Walton discharging the chief duties of ed- itor. In 1 8 16, Mr. Mark Goss went out of the establishment, and Mr. Walton be- came its sole proprietor and editor, and so continued nearly twenty years ; when, as his sons became of age, he took them into partnership, and the business, to which book-selling and paper-making were at length added, was conducted in the name of E. P. Walton & Sons until 1853, during which he wholly gave up the proprietor- ship of the newspaper to his oldest son, the present Hon. Eliakim Persons Walton. Though the editorship had been entrusted to this son for many years previous to 1853, General Walton continued to assist in editing and writing for certain depart- ments of the paper, even into the last year of his life. At an early period he passed rapidly along the line of military promotion till he reached the rank of Major General, when he threw these kinds of honors aside and thought no more of them. Mr. Walton was never an office seeker, nor was oiifice, as much as was due to him as a man and a politician, nor half as much as was due to him from his party, ever bestowed on him. He was, however, several times the candidate of his party for town Repre- sentative, but never when that party hap- pened to be in the majority. In 1827, he was elected one of the Council of Censors, and served with credit to himself and elec- tors, among a board of the most distin- guished men in the State, Judges B. Turner, D. Kellogg and S. S. Phelps be- ing included among the number. In the Presidential election of 1852, he was elect- ed one of the Electoral College for Ver- mont, when the vote of the State was thrown for General Scott. In 1854, he was nominated as candidate for the office of Governor of Vermont by a large mass State Convention, and could the people have had their way, would have been tri- umphantly elected. But out of an ardent desire to consoli- date the political sentiments of the people in one controlling organization, as well as out of high personal regard for the ven- erable Chief Justice, Stephen Royce, who had been previously named for the execu- tive chair by a Convention of the Whig party. General Walton cheerfully yielded his place on the ticket. The name of Judge Royce was substituted by the State Com- mittee, and he was heartily supported by 444 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. the people ; and thus was organized the present Republican party of the State. For that organization a large measure of credit is due to Gen. Walton. We have named the circumstances con- nected with Mr. Walton's nomination to the office of .governor, for the double pur- pose of showing the remarkable lack of even well-warranted assumptions in the man, and his patriotic readiness to submit to any personal sacrifice which he was led to suppose public good required him to make, as well as of showing how his party, while so generally admitting his qualifica- tions for office, and the merit of his ser- vices in their behalf, so strangely over- looked him, when they so often had the power to reward and honor him. That he was ever honorable and just in his treat- ment towards his political opponents, the writer of this sketch, who was for many years one of them, can, and here does, most cheerfully attest ; and the late Araunah Waterman, who was ever a staunch political opponent, was often heard frankly to admit that "General Walton was both an honor- able man and an honest politician." That he, in his long, persistent, judicious and able editorial labors, was eminently instru- mental in establishing the ascendency of his party and keeping it in power, is a fact too well known to be questioned. Prob- ably, indeed, that man has never lived in Vermont who did so much toward build- ing up the old Whig party of the State, and its successor, the Republican party, which he lived to see become, from the minority in which he found it, one of the most overwhelming majorities ever re- corded in the history of party warfare. But while it was his lot to do so, and see all this, it was his lot also to be often com- pelled, like many another political editor, "to make brick without straw," or, in other words, manufacture great men out of small patterns, who, when made, carried their heads so high as generally to entirely overlook their political creator. Mr. Walton's style of writing was, for his advantages, unusually correct, and un- usually well calculated for enforcing his sentiments and enlisting the sympathy of his readers. During the first years of his residence in Montpelier, he, in company with other young aspirants of the village, got up an associadon for mutual improve- ment in knowledge and literature, called the " Franklin Society." In this society, in which theme writing was a leading ex- ercise, he probably made much progress in forming his style, which was evidently modelled on that of Dr. Franklin, so gen- erally the great oracle of the printer boy. The bon homtfie of "Poor Richard," how- ever, can never be successfully imitated by a man without a good heart. But Mr. Walton had that heart, and. through the force of finely-blended, emotional and in- tellectual qualities of his heart, he grad- ually formed a style of his own, which, with the vein of good common sense that pervaded it, gave him rank with the most pleasing and instructive of our editorial writers. As before intimated, he continued to write for his old paper to the last, and in so doing, besides his instructive articles on farming and domestic economy, he wrote and pubhshed in the li'atc/i/naii,th.& year before his death, sixteen numbers on the events of the Olden Times in the Valley of the Winooski, over the signature of Oliver Old-School, which deserve to be re- published in pamphlet, for public reading and preservation. In the political world. Gen. Walton was ever a person to be consulted ; among men he was always a man ; in the church an influential officer ; in the social circle a dignified, but a very courteous and kindly companion, and in his family an exemplary husband and father. His integrity, whether in business or politics, appears never to have been doubted, by either friend or foe ; his general intellectual capacity was al- ways conceded, and his frank and generous disposition known to the utmost limits of his extensive personal acquaintance. Apr. 28, 181 1, Mr. Walton married Miss Prussia, daughter of Eliakim D. Persons, of Montpelier, by whom he had 8 children — Eliakim P., 6 years in Congress ; Harriet Newell, wife of Hon. H. R. Wing, a lawyer of standing at Glen's Falls, N. Y. ; George Parker, a very promising young M:<^//tc. V/^^/to^ , MONTPELIER. 445 man, who died at the age of about 24 years, at New Orleans ; Nathaniel Porter, for some years the accountant of the firm of E. P. Walton & Sons; Chauncey, now deceased; Samuel M., the book-binder in Montpelier ; Ezekiel Dodge, who died at the age of about 25 years, at Philadelphia : and Mary, wife of George Dewey, a mer- chant of New York city. In his religious character, Mr. Walton was an earnest, frank, sincere Christian, always warm and generous in the utter- ance and support of his principles. He combined the wisdom of the serpent, the boldness of the lion and the harmlessness of the dove, in his whole Christian course ; was a devoted member and an honorable office bearer in the Congregational church for many years. His piety irradiated his household, his secular cares and his place of business. Everywhere, at all times, he was the admirable type of a Christian gen- tleman. In the Conference, in the Sabbath- school, in the support of charitable and religious institutions, none smpassed and few equalled him. The young men in his office felt his influence very strongly. Of the many who graduated from his office, and came to fill afterwards, with honor, public stations in the councils of the State and in the halls of Congress, and in the courts of justice, twelve have been mem- bers of churches, and two have become useful and respected ministers of the Gospel. And none could bear higher testimony to the invariable and elevated religious char- acter of Mr. Walton than they. Gen. Walton died Nov. 27, 1855, leav- ing, as might be expected from one of his liberal views, not much property, indeed, but that " good name " which is better than riches. MRS. PRUSSIA PERSONS WALTON, widow of the late Gen. Ezekiel P.Walton, daughter of Eliakim D. Persons, died at her home Saturday, June 22, 1878, aged 86 ; the oldest resident at her death in the town ot Montpelier. The IVatc/uiian ?,?Lys, : The long life of this " elect lady," though filled with unusual cares and responsibili- ties, was nevertheless rendered beautiful by her naturally exuberant spirits, her tender regard for all her fellow-beings, and her unfaltering trust in Him in whom she believed. Her kindly heart and her dili- gent hands were busy to the last in works of charity and mercy, and few are the dwellings among us but contain some dainty token of affection wrought by her deft fingers. The blessing of the whole community rested upon her as she ex- changed the imperfect joys of earth for the perfect bliss of Heaven. DR. JAMES SPALDING, who for 40 years was a successful prac- ticing physician of Montpelier village and vicinity, died at his residence, October, 1866. The following accurate sketch and deserved tribute to his memory appeared in the Boston Medical and Surgical Jour- nal : [somewhat condensed.] "Dr. Spalding was born in Sharon, Vt., Mar. 20, 1792. His father, Dea. Reuben Spalding, was one of the earliest settlers in the State, whose life was not more re- markable for his toils, privations and energy, as a pioneer in a new country, than for his unbending integrity, and for the best qualities of the Old New England Puritanism. James was the third son of 12 children, all of whom reached maturity and were settled in life with families. At the age of seven he received a small wound in the knee joint, which confined him for more than 6 months, attended with ex- treme suffering. By the skill of Dr. Nathan Smith, of Hanover, the limb was at length healed, leaving the knee par- tially anchylosed, however, to recover from which required years. While thus con- fined, probably from estimation of Dr. Smith, which estimation was retained through life, he decided to be a physician and surgeon. He never attended a high school or academy, but he acquired a good common school education, besides storing his mind with much general knowledge and that mental discipline which so highly distinguished him in after life. He com- menced study at the age of 17 with Dr. Eber Carpenter, of Alstead, N. H., stip- ulating the expenses of his education should be defrayed by his practicing one year with the Doctor after he had graduated. He applied himself with uncommon assiduity 446 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. to his medical studies, taking, at the same time, private lessons in Greek and Latin. At 20 years he graduated at the Dartmouth Medical Institution, having heard the lec- tures from Smith and Perkins. While a student, his opportunities for practice were very extensive ; the spotted fever prevailed generally throughout New England. This epidemic was truly appal- ling in Alsteadand the neighl^oring towns. Dr. Spalding brought his discriminating mind to the subject with all the close ob- servation of a veteran in the science, and arrived at the same conclusions as to its pathology and treatment as others who stood the most eminent in the profession. His position was very embarrassing, being called the " boy physician," havingtomeet veterans in the profession for whom he entertained an exalted opinion. Modesty would hardly permit him to differ from them, yet he had so studied this epidemic, in most cases his views and treatment were, adopted. After practicing 2 years in Alstead with Dr. Carpenter, he commenced business in Claremont, but having friends in Mont- pelier, was induced to remove to this place. Though but a boy, he had seen much practice, and performed many surgical op- erations, and it required but a short time for him to gain general confidence as a physician, and more especially as a sur- geon, which he retained without abatement through life. His fixed purpose was im- provement in his profession ; he never en- gaged in any other business or sought any political preferment. Others may have done more under other circumstances, yet by his example, integrity, industry, com- munications for the medical journals, and dissertations before the County and State Medical Societies, from time to time, it may be said, he added something to the gen- eral stock of knowledge in his profession, and that as a surgeon he was successful above most others. His particular trait of mind was a sound judgment, based upon a careful, discriminating examination of all the evidence which gave in each individual case its peculiar characteristic. Well in- formed in books and the general principles of his profession, having an e.xtensive in- tercourse with his medical brethren, he was well prepared to impart to others the results of his extensive experience. He was an original thinker, not only in his medical and surgical practice, but in other departments. It was a maxim with him that there should be no guess-work in his profession, more especially in surgery. In consultations, due respect was paid to the opinions of his professional brethren, but still he would suffer his judgment to be in- fluenced only as the evidence in the case affected his own mind, never evading re- sponsibility, and always governed by his own independent conclusions, and for this reason he was much sought for in con- sultations. He retained through life the confidence and respect of his professional brethren, and while differing from others in his diagnosis and treatment of disease, he succeeded in leaving the coiifidence of patient and friends in the attending physi- cian unabated, discharging his duty to his patients without injury to the feelings or reputation of any one. It being the settled maxim of his life, that strict integrity is the true and only policy which should govern every man who desires his own interest or that of others, he never sought to appro- priate to himself what justly belonged to them. For more than 40 years he was an active member of the Vermont State Medical Society, and, through it, labored to ad- vance the best interests of the profession he so much loved, and became acquainted with most of the distinguished physicians of the State, among whom he had many personal friends. In 1819, he was elected secretary, which office he held for over 20 years. In 1842, he was chairman of a committee to draft a petition for a geolog- ical survey of the State. He was vice president of the Medical Society in 1843, treasurer in 1844, chairman of the com- mittee on the History of the Society in 1845. He read a thesis in 1846, "On Na- ture as manifested in Disease and Health," which was highly commended. He was elected president in 1846, '7, '8, and de- livered a dissertation on "Typhus Fever" MONTPELIER. 447 in 1848, which was published by a vote of the society. He was elected a correspond- ing secretary in 1850, and librarian in 1854, which office he held until his death. He was also a member of the Board of Fellows of the Vermont Academy of Med- icine, besides holding many offices con- nected with science, literature, temper- ance, etc. But few men in the country have seen such an amount of disease and so carefully observed the peculiarities of the various epidemics occurring for nearly half a century ; and it is to be regretted that so little is left on record of his exten- sive observations and experience both as a physician and surgeon. In private life he was a man of much amenity of manners, of great worth and purity of character, en- larged benevolence and of high-minded purposes in all that goes to make the en- lightened Christian and good citizen. In 1820, he married Miss Eliza Reed, of Montpelier. They raised 6 children — James R., an editor in the city of New York; William C, a distinguished physi- cian of Watertown, Wis. ; Martha E., died at 18 ; Jane, who married Dr. Warner of Weathersfield, Conn. ; George B., a cler- gyman and Doctor of Divinity, of Dover, N. H., and editor of the New Hatnpshire Journal; and Isabella, wife of Mr. Louns- bury, of Hartford, Ct. Mrs. Spalding, a woman of many vir- tues, died in 1854, and about 2 years after, Dr. Spalding married Mrs. Dodd, a daugh- ter of the late Wyllys Lyman, of Hartford, Vt., who died in 1857. HON. SAMUEL PRENTISS was born in Stonington, Ct., Mar. 31, 1782 ; his family, of a pure English and Puritan stock, are traceable as far back as 13 1 8, through official records which show the reputable positions occupied by branches of the family, till they came to New England, where the lineage at once took stock among the best in the colonies. In direct descent he was the 6th from his first American, but English-born, ancestor, Capt. Thomas Prentiss, born in England about 1620, became a resident of Newton, Mass., 1752, was a noted cavalry officer in the King PhiHp war, and died 1710, leav- ing Thomas Prentiss, Jr., father of Samuel Prentiss, ist, father of Samuel, 2d, who was a colonel in the Revolutionary Army, and father of Samuel, 3d, a physician and surgeon in the army, and the father of Judge Samuel Prentiss, of Montpelier. The whole stock of the Prentiss family was good, but this branch was particularly so, both physically and intellectually. Col. Prentiss, of Revolutionary memory, 6 feet high, weighing over 200 pounds, with- out corpulency, was one of the best built, most muscular men of the times ; and the different members of the family descend- ing from him, for the last two or three gen- erations, of which those now living have been cognizant, will be remembered to have been, with a rare uniformity, well- formed, shapely and good-looking, possess- ing an unusual intellectual capacity and power. When Samuel was about a year old, he removed with his family from Stonington, Ct.. to Worcester, Mass., and from thence in about 3 years to Northfield, Mass., where his father. Dr. Prentiss, continued the successful practice of his profession in 1818, the son being kept in his earlier boyhood at the common schools, and while yet young, put into classical studies with the Rev. Samuel C. Allen, minister of the town, and at about 19, entered as a law student in the office of Samuel Vose, Esq., of the same town. He did not complete the course of legal studies there, but with that object, passed over into the neighboring village of Brattleboro, and entered the office of John W. Blake, Esq., from whence, Dec. 1802, he wasadmitted to the bar several months before his majority. In view of what Mr. Prentiss afterward became, all will understand he studied the elementary principles of the law before his admission to the Bar ; but few, perhaps, are aware how close and extensive in the meantime had been his study of the great masters of English literature, how careful the cultivation of his taste, and how much his proficiency in the formation of that style, which subsequently so peculiarly stamped all his mental efforts, whether of writing or speaking, with unvarying strength 448 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. and neatness of expression. We recollect of having once met with a series of literary miscellany written by him, probably when he was a law student, published first in a newspaper in consecutive numbers, and afterwards republished by some one in pamphlet form, which were all alike marked by neatness of style and beauty of senti- ment, and which, though only intended, doubtless, for mere off-hand sketches, would have favorably compared with our best magazine literature. Early in the year 1803, he came into this part of the State, and opened an office in the new, but promising village of Mont- peHer, which was to be everafter his home, and the central point of the field of the splendid professional success which he was destined to achieve. His legal attainments, the genius he dis- played in developing them, the skill he manifested in the management of his cases, and his peculiarly smooth and happy manner as a speaker, appear almost im- mediately, after he commenced practice here, to have attracted attention, and given him a distinguished place in the estimation of all the people of the surrounding coun- try as a young man of unusual promise. But he knew better than to repose on laurels of this kind ; that not to advance in his profession, was virtually to recede ; that he could make no real progress with- out exploring the great field of jurispru- dence, within whose portals he had only just entered ; in other words, not without devoting himself to study, careful, close and unremitting ; and commenced a course, which, passing beyond the applications of all his own special ca.ses, was as extended as the principles of the law itself, when re- garded no less as a science than a system of technicalities, and this course for the next twenty years, while all the time in active employ as a practitioner, he pur- sued with an assiduity and perseverance rarely ever witnessed among lawyers who, like him, have already reached the higher ranks of their profession. Such a course of legal research, con- ducted by a mind of the discrimination and power of analysis, which characterized that of Mr. Prentiss, could not long re- main unattended by fruits. We find the legislature of his State, as early as 1822, proffering him, with singular unanimity, a seat as one of the associate justices on the bench of the Supreme Court, which honor he declined, but in 1824 and '25, consent- ed to serve his town as their representative in the General Assembly, and having been triumphantly elected, soon gave unmis- takable earnest of those abilities as a leg- islator and a statesman, which were after- wards so conspicuously displayed in the broader field of the council chamber of the nation. At the session of the legislature of 1825, he was elected first associate justice of the Supreme Court so unanimously, and with so many private solicitations for his acceptance, he did not longer decline a membership in our State tribunal, and went upon the bench, where so scrupulously and ably he executed the duties of his post the next 4 years, that by almost common consent he was elected in 1829, Chief Jus- tice of the Supreme Court of Vermont, and in 1830, a member of the United States' Senate, and- was re-elected in 1836 a second term to the Senate, and before his term of service had quite expired was nom- inated by the President, and without the usual reference of his case to a committee, unanimously confirmed, as the Judge of United States' District Court of this State, in place of Hon. Elijah Paine, then just deceased. This quiet, though highly re- sponsible office, whose duties were to be discharged so near home, he, in his de- clining health, preferred to a seat on the bench of the Supreme Court of the United States, which it was more than intimated from high quarters he might soon obtain. He therefore accepted the post, which he continued to hold till his death, Jan. 15, 1857. Such was the brilliant official career of the Hon. Samuel Prentiss for the last 34 years of his life ; he never passed an hour without bearing the responsibilities of some important public trust, and was never re- moved from one except to be promoted to a higher one, till he had reached the high- est but one within the gift of the American MONTPELIER. 449 people ; and as a senator, he won an en- viable and enduring reputation in a body embracing almost all the intellectual giants in that highest period of American states- manship. Among the beneficent meas- ures, of which he was the originator and successful advocate, was the law, still in force, for the suppression of duelling in the District of Columbia. His speeches in support ot that measure have taken rank among the best specimens of senatorial el- oquence. His speech against the bank- rupt law of 1840 was pronounced by John C. Calhoun to have been the clearest and most unanswerable of any, on a debatable question, which he had heard for years. His stand on this occasion attracted the more public notice, from the fact that he had the independence to contest the pas- sage of the bill, in opposition, with only one exception, to the whole body of his party. And there can be but little doubt that his argument, which was felt to stand still unanswered, had much to do with the repeal of that unfortunate law, a few years afterwards. Judge Prentiss was obviously held in the highest estimation in the Senate, alike for the purity and worth of his private, and the rare ability of his senatorial character. His equal and confidential relations with Henry Clay and Daniel Webster were at that day well known ; while his sterling talents and civic virtues were admitted and admired by all, who, as we were often told at the time, cheerfully joined his more particular associates in conceding him to be the best lawyer in the Senate. It is in his character as a jurist, however, that Mr. Prentiss will be longest remem- bered. It is, perhaps, sufficient praise for him to say, that not one of that series of able and lucid decisions, which he had made while on the bench of our Supreme Court, has ever been overruled by any suc- ceeding tribunal in this State, nor, as far as we are apprized, by that of any other, though those decisions are, to this time, being frequently quoted in the courts of probably nearly every State in the Union. With the legal profession, facts of this kind involve probably the best evidence of high judicial accomplishment which could pos- sibly be adduced. With those out of that profession, the opinions of other great and learned men respecting the one in ques- tion, might be, perhaps, more palpably conclusive. And to meet the understand- ings of both these classes, therefore, we will close our remarks on this part of our subject by mentioning a curious legal co- incidence, which, while it involved an.im- portant decision, was the means of draw- ing forth a high compliment from the lips of one of the most distinguished of all our American jurists : Some time during Judge Prentiss' Chief Justiceship of this State, Sir Charles Bell, of the Common Bench of England, made, in an important case, a decision whicnwas wholly new law in that country ; and it was afterwards discovered, when the reports of the year, on both sides of the water, were published, that Judge Prentiss had, not only in the same year, but in the same week or fortnight, made, in one oi our im- portant suits, precisely the same decision, which was also then new law here, arriving at his conclusion by a process strikingly similar to that of the English justice. This remarkable coincidence, involving the origin of then new, but now well- established points of law, and involving, at the same time, an inference so flattering to our Chief Justice, at once attracted the notice of the celebrated Chancellor Kent, of New York, who, soon after, falling in company with several of our most noted Vermonters, cited this singular instance in compliment to the Vermont Chief Justice, and after remarking that there was no possibility that either the American or English justice could be apprised of the other's views on the point in question, wound up by the voluntary tribute : "Judge Story, the only man to be thought of in the comparison, is certainly a very learned and able man ; but I cannot help regarding Judge Prentiss as the best jurist in New England." Perhaps there is nothing about which there is more misconception among men generally than in what constitutes a really great intellect. Most people are prone to 57 45° VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. be looking for some bold and startling thoughts, or some brilliant or learned dis- play of language, in a man, to make good in him their preconceived notions of in- tellectual greatness. And should they see him take up a subject in a simple, natural manner, analyze it, reject all the fictitious, retain all the real, arrange the elements, and, thus clearly proceeding, at length reach the only just and safe conclusion of which the case admits, they would, per- haps, feel a sort of disappointment in not having seen any of the imposing mental machinery brought into play, which they supposed would be required to produce the result. Demagogues might indeed make use of such machinery, but a truly great man, never. For it is that very simplicity and clearness of mental operations which can only make an intellect efficient, safe and great. Grasp of thought, penetration and power of analysis, are the expressions generally used in describing a mind of the character of that of Judge Prentiss. But they hardly bring us to a realization of the extremely simple and natural intellectual process, through which he moved on, self- poised, step by step, with so much ease and certainty to the impregnable legal po- sitions where he was content only to rest. And to have fully realized this, we should have listened to one of his plain but lu- minous decisions, on a case before sup- posed to be involved in almost insuperable doubts and perplexities — perceived how, at first, he carefully gathered up all that could have any bearing on the subject in hand ; how he then began to scatter light upon the seemingly dark and tangled mass ; and then, how, segregating all the irrele- vant and extraneous, and assorting the rest, he conducted our minds to what at length we could not fail to see to be the truth and reality of the case. That Judge Prentiss possessed, besides his profound knowledge of the law as a science, a finely- balanced and superior intellect is unques- tionable ; and that it became so, in the ex- ercise of those peculiar traits we have been attempting to describe, need, it appears to us, to be scarcely less doubted. In person, Judge Prentiss was nearly 6 feet high, well-formed, with an unusually expansive forehead, shapely features and a clear and pleasant countenance, all made the more imposing and agreeable by the affable and courtly bearing of the old school gentleman. In his domestic system, he was a rigid economist, but ever gave liberally when- ever the object conmanded his approba- tion. Let a single instance suffice for il- lustration : Some years before his death, his minister lost an only cow ; and the fact coming to his ears, he ordered his man to drive, the next morning, one of the cows he then possessed, to the stable of the minister. But strangely enough, the cow selected for the gift died that night. He was not thus to be defeated, however, in his kind purpose ; for hearing that the minister had engaged a new cow, at a given price, he at once sent him the amount in money required to pay for it. Judge Prentiss has gone ; but the people of the town, which had the honor to be his home, will cherish his memory as long as they are capable of appreciating true ex- cellence, and be but too proud to tell the stranger that he was one of their towns- men. At the October session of the United States District Court, following the death of Judge Prentiss, after a suitable annouce- ment by the district attorney, and the de- livery in court of eloquent tributes to the character of the deceased, by the Hon. Solomon Foot, and the Hon. David A. Smalley, the new judge, the following pre- amble and resolutions were entertained, and ordered to be placed upon the records of the court, as "an enduring evidence of the high veneration in which his memory was held by the Bar " : Whereas, the Hon. Samuel Prentiss, late Judge of the District Court of the United States for the District of Vermont, having departed this life within the present year, and the members of this Bar and the officers of this Court entertaining the high- est veneration for his memory, the most profound respect for his great ability, learning, experience and uprightness as a Judge, and cherishing for his many public MONTPELIER. 451 and private virtues the most lively and af- fectionate recollection, therefore, Resolved, That his uniformly unosten- tatious and gentlemanly deportment, his assiduous discharge of his official duties, his high sense of justice, his unbending integrity, and the exalted dignity and pur- ity of his public and private character, furnish the highest evidence of his intrin- sic worth, and of his great personal merit. Resolved, That the District Attorney, as Chairman of this meeting of the Bar, communicate to the family of the deceased a copy of these proceedings, with an assur- ance of the sincere condolence of tlie mem- bers of the Bar and the officers of this Court, on account of this great and irrep- arable bereavement. Resolved, That in behalf of the Bar and the officers of this Court, the Honorable the Presiding Judge thereof be, and he is hereby, respectfully requested to order the foregoing preamble and resolutions to be entered on the minutes of the Court. MRS. LUCRETIA PRENTISS, daughter of the late Edward Houghton, Esq., of Northfield, Mass., was born Mar. 6, 1786, and received a good English edu- cation for the times. She married Samuel Prentiss, Esq., in 1804, and settled down with him for life in the village of Mont- pelier. Here she became the mother of 12 children, George Houghton, Samuel Blake, Edward Houghton, John Holmes, Charles Williams, Henry Francis, Frederick James, Theodore, Joseph Addison, Augustus, Lu- cretia and James Prentiss. (ieorge H. Prentiss died soon after ar- riving at maturity and settling down in his profession, which, like that of all the rest of the brothers who reached manhood, was that of the law. Augustus, and Lucretia, the only daughter, died in infancy. The cares, labors and responsibilities of the wife are generally, to a great extent, mingled with those of the husband. Much less than usual, however, were they so in the case of Mrs. Prentiss. In consequence of the close occupation of the time of her husband in his crowding legal engagements when at home, and his frequent and long- continued absences from home in the dis- charge of his professional or official duties, almost the whole care and management of his young and numerous family devolved on her. And those who know what un- ceasing care and vigilance, and what blend- ing of kindness, discretion and firmness, are required to restrain and check, without loss of influence, and train up with the rightful moral guidance, a family of boys of active temperaments, of fertile intellects and ambitious dispositions, so that they all be brought safely into manhood, will appreciate the delicacy and magnitude of her trust, and be ready to award her the just meed of praise for discharging it, as she confessedly did, with such unusual faith- fulness and with such unusual success. Mrs. Prentiss died at Montpelier, June 15, 1855, in her 70th year. It would be difficult to say too much in praise of the character of this rare woman. She was one of earth's angels. In her do- mestic and social virtues ; in the industry that caused her "to work willingly with her hands;" in " the law of kindness" that prompted her benevolence, and the wis- dom that so judiciously and impartially dispensed it ; together with all the other of those clustered excellencies that went to constitute the character of the model woman of the wise man — in all these Mrs. Prentiss had scarce a peer among us, scarce a su- perior anywhere. She did everything for her family, and lived to see her husband become known as he " sat among the Elders of the land," and her nine surviving sons, all of established characters, and present- ing an aggregate of capacity and good re- pute unequalled, perhaps, by that of any other family in the State, and all praising her in their lives. These were her works, but not all her works. The heart-works of the good neighbor, of the good and lowly Christian, and the hand-works that looked to the benefit and elevation of so- ciety at large, were by her all done, and all the better done for being performed so unobtrusively, so cheerfully and so un- selfishly. D. p. T. oil, many a spirit walks the world unheeded. That, when its veil of sadness is laid down, Shall soar aloft with pinions unimpeded, Wearing its glory like a starry crown. —Julia Wallace, 452 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. THE HON. JOSEPH REED, Born in Westford, Mass. Mar. 13, 1766, when about 12 years of age left Westford, to live with his uncle in Plymouth, N. H., for about 6 years, receiving only the advan- tages of a common school education, and at 18 commenced and served a 3 years' ap- prenticeship to the carpenter's trade, with James Sargeant, of Plymouth, after which he worked one year for his master for $150, and then continued at his trade nearly 5 years in the vicinity, when he relinquished for good his trade and entered the store of Mr. Mower Russell in Plymouth, but soon removed to Thetford, Vt., where in 1803 he opened a store. In June 1804, he mar- ried first. He had no children by this mar- riage. In 1812, he married second, Eliza- beth, daughter of Rev. Jacob Burnap D. D. of Merrimac, N. H., by whom he had 2 sons, Charles and George W. In 18 14, 15, 16, Mr. Reed was elected town repre- sentative of Thetford and received 5 more elections in the next 7 years. In 181 8, 19, he was elected one of the Judges of Orange County Court. Having been very successful in trade in Thetford and closed up business there, he removed to Montpe- lier in 1827. In 1830, 31, 32, he was elect- ed Judge of probate for the district of Washington County, and in 1834, was chosen one of the Council of Censors to revise the constitution of the State, and in 1840, one of the presidential elec- tors who threw the vote of Vermont for General Harrison, and he was county treasurer for almost the last 30 years of his life. His second wife, who shared his cares and his fortunes through nearly the most active period of his life, and who was the mother of his children, died and he married her sister. Miss Lucy Burnap, for his third wife, who dying soon after, he married his fourth wife. Miss Frances M. Cotton, daughter of the Hon. John H. Cotton of Windsor, who, with a daughter, still survives him. Judge Reed at his death, Feb. 6, 1859, left a handsome fortune, and, what is far better, a character which his descendants may be proud to contemplate. Of him, his personal peculiarities and general char- acter, it was said, in a tribute from a dis- criminate source, which appeared in one of our jDublic journals at the time of his death, — " He was a gentleman of the Old School, precise and methodical in his hab- its : of noble presence and demeanor ; hon- est and sincere in all his dealings ; reserved and prudent in his speech, sagacious and comprehensive in his views, of resolute and unflinching perseverance, and wise and ample generosity." This single sentence finely embodies the whole of his general character, yet some of its peculiar traits may be more definitely told. Among which was beside his unbending integrity his particular and nice conscientiouness. But the way in which Judge Reed eflfected the most good, and for which, doubtless, he will be the longest, and by the largest number remem- bered, was assisting indigent, but promis- ing young men in obtaining an education. When, in about middle life, he found he had accumulated a property which aiforded a yearly surplus over the economical sup- port of his family, and the probable ex- pense of educating his children, he, as he once told a friend, began to feel it his duty to bestow at least a good portion of that surplus on objects calculated for public good. And distrusting the wisdom of many of the schemes of benevolence in vogue, on which others were bestowing their charities, he for some time cast about him for a system by which to bestow his money so that it might conduce to the most benefit to individuals, and through them to society at large. And he soon settled on loaning to any poor young man, showing promise of usefulness, such sums of money as he should need to carry him through College, without requiring any se- curity for the payment of the amounts ad- vanced, and leaving the payment a wholly voluntary matter with the beneficiary. And having made known his intentions, and finding no lack of applications, he at once put his system in practice, and nobly per- severed in keeping it up to the last year of his life, and till the number of young men educated through his means amount- ed to more than twenty, among whom are MONTPELIER. 453 to be found some of the most eminent men of the country, ornamenting the learned professions, or adding dignity to the offi- cial positions to which their merits have raised them. Other wealthy men may have been as benevolent, others as patriotic, in bestow- ing money for temporary purposes, but few can boast of having originated, and so persistently maintained, for so long a pe- iod, a system of benevolence so wise and noble, of such wide spread, happy influen- ces which have flowed from the one which stands associated with the memory of the late Joseph Reed. HEZEKIAH HUTCHINS REED, was born at Hamstead, N. H., May 26, 1795, and came with his father. Captain Thomas Reed, and family to Montpelier in 1804. From 1804 to about 1812, he for the greater part of the time, attended the academy in Montpelier, and made such proficiency, and exhibited jjromise of so much executive talent, at 16, he suc- sessfully taught one of the largest and most forward winter schools in his town, and soon after went to Fort Atkinson, N. Y., and became a clerk in the store of Mr. Gove, while the American Army was win- tering there in 1813. When the army re- treated southward, he followed it to Pitts- burgh, where it took its final stand, and remained with it in the capacity of sutler till the battle of Plattsburgh, September, 1814, at which he was present. The fol- lowing winter he taught school in Grand Isle County ; after which he commenced the study of the law in the office of the Hon. Dan Carpenter of Waterbury ; the spring of 18 19, was admitted to the Bar, and, during the following summer, went West and settled for practice in Troy, Ohio ; remained about 5 years, collected in his earnings, and invested them in flour, which he put on board one of the flat boats of the Ohio, and sailed down to Natches, sold it, and with the proceeds in his pocket, returned on horse-back through Tennessee, Kentucky and Pennsylvania to Philadelphia, and then by other convey- ance to his old home in Montpelier^ where he went into partnership with his brother, Thomas Reed, Esq., who had al- ready opened a law office in the village. This partnership lasted about 20 years, and was attended throughout with unusual pecuniary success. The Messrs. Reed did a very large business, mostly in collecting and in honorable speculations, acting as advocates in the courts but little more than in the management of their own cases. They invested largely in the stock of the first and second Bank of Montpelier, and bought out nearly all the stock of the old Winooski Turnpike, which they eventuallv sold out at a good bargain to the Vermont Central Railroad Company. They also became extensive land owners in this and several of the Western States, and their purchases of this character all turned out, in the aggregate, very profitable invest- ments. Mr. Reed was elected, by general ticket, a member of our Council of Censors in 1 841 ; was one of the delegates of Ver- mont to the National Convention which nominated Gen. Winfield Scott for Pres- ident, and was for many years considered one of the most influential politicians in the State. In 185 1, 52, he was by a large majority elected representative of Montpe- lier in the legislature, and on the establish- ment of the Vermont Bank, in 1849, was chosen its first president and retained in the office till his death. Mr. Reed was an unusually energetic, stirring business man ; but business and money-making were evidently not the only objects of his life. He was ever public spirited, entering into, and often leading in, all enterprises designed for the public good and the social, religious and educa- tional interests of his town, with his usual zeal and energy ; and was always quite ready to help on all such movements by liberal subscriptions. He perhaps should be considered the foremost in bringing about our present Union School. He gave $1000 towards the building to be erected on its establishment. He died suddenly, and almost in the prime of his life, of in- flammation of the lungs, while on a jour- ney to the West, June 15, 1856, and now 454 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. sleeps in our new Green Mount Cemetery, which he took so much pride in planning and ornamenting. THE HONORABLE WILLIAM UPHAM, son of Captain Samuel Upham, was born in Leicester, Mass., Aug. 5, 1792. In 1802, his father and family removed to Vermont, and settled on a farm near the Centre of Montpelier, where, from 10 to about 15 years of age, he worked on the farm, only attending the winter schools of the common school district in which he resided ; when he met with an accident, which apparently gave a new turn to his destinies for life : — while engaged about a cider mill, his hand so caught in the ma- chinery, and all the fingers of the right hand, were so crushed that they had to be amputated even with the palm. This, un- fitting him for manual labor, led his father to consent to what had before been his wish, the commencement of a course of education, preparatory to the study of the law. Accordingly he attended the old academy, at Montpelier, a few terms, and then, with the late Reverend William Per- rin of Berlin for a fellow student, pursued the study of Latin and Greek, about one year, with the Reverend James Hobart of Berlin. In 1808, he entered the ofiice of the Hon. Samuel Prentiss, in Montpelier, as a law student ; and, after pursuing his legal studies there about three years, he was admitted to the bar, and soon went in- to partnership in the practice of the law with the Hon. Nicholas Baylies. After continuing in partnership with Mr. Baylies a few years, he opened an office alone in Montpelier ; and from that time, until his election to the United States Senate, he, either alone or with temporary partners, continued in the constant and successful practice of his profession, the business of which was always more than ample enough to require his whole time and attention. For the firsi thirty years of his professional career, Mr. Upham, with the exception of only one instance, steadily declined the many profers of his friends for his promo- tion to civil office, though his opportunities for holding such offices included the chance for a seat on the bench of our Supreme Court. The excepted instance was in- volved in his consent to run as candidate for town representative, in 1827; when, though the majority of his party was a matter of much doubt, he was triumphant- ly elected. In 1828, he was re-elected, and in 1830, received a third election, serving throug all the three terms to the entire satisfaction of his constituents, and therein exhibiting talents as a public de- bator which gave him a high position in the Legislature. In the presidential cam- paign, 1840, he, for the first time, took an active part in politics, and, to use a mod- ern phrase, stumped nearly the whole State, making himself everywhere known to the people by the peculiar traits of his popular eloquence, and by doing efficient political service in favor of the election of General Harrison. In 1841, he was elect- ed to a seat in the United States Senate ; and in 1847, was re-elected to the same distinguished office, and died, at Washing- ton, before the completion of his last term, Jan. 14, 1853. In his professional career, to which the main energies of his life were devoted, he became widely known as one of the best advocates in the State. He was, indeed, what might be called a natural lawyer, and the practice of his profession seemed to amount to almost a passion with him ; and, even in his youth, even before he com- menced his legal studies, he would often, it was said, leap up from his dreamain his bed, and go to pleading some imaginary law case. And, what he determined to be, that, he became, one of the most success- ful jury lawyers to be found in any country. Never hesitating for word, and fluent almost beyond example, the style of his speaking was rapid, thoroughly earnest, and often highly impassioned, and so mag- netic was that earnestness and seeming confidence in his case, and so skilfully wrought up were his arguments, that bad indeed must have been his side of the question, if he did not command the sym- pathies and convictions of a good part, if not all, of the jury. As a statesman it ill befits us to judge MONTPELIER. 455 him, while those, who spoke by more authority, and from better opportunities, have so well and fully done so. At the time the customary resolutions, on the occasion of his death, were introduced in Congress, Senator Foot, in his obituary address, said of him : " His impaired health, for some years past, has restrained him from participating so generally and so actively in the discus- sions of this body, as his inclination might otherwise have induced him to do, or his ability as a public debator might perhaps have demanded of him. Nevertheless his speeches on several important and excit- ing public questions, have the peculiar im- press of his earnestness, his research, his ability and his patriotic devotion to the best interests of his country. A striking example is furnished of his fidelity to the trust committed to him, and his constant and patient attention to his public duties here, in the fact, which I had from his own mouth, that during the ten years of his service in this body, he never absented himself from the City of Washington for a single day, while Congress was in session, and never failed, while the condition of his health would permit, of daily occupying his seat in the Senate." Senator Seward said : "William Upham was of Vermont: a consistent exponent of her institutions. He was a man of strong and vigorous judg- ment, which acted always by a process of sound, inductive reasoning, and his com- peers here will bear witness that he was equal to the varied and vast responsibilities of the Senatorial trust. He was a plain, unas.suming, unostentatious man. He nev- er spoke for display, but always for con- viction. He was an honest and just man. He had gotten nothing by fraud or guile ; and so he lived without any fear' of losing whatever of fortune or position he had attained. No gate was so strong, no lock so fast and firm, as the watch he kept against the approach of corruption, or even undue influence or persuasion. His na- tional policy was the increase of industry, the cultivation of peace, and the patronage of improvement. He adopted his opinions without regard to their popularity, and never stifled his convictions of truth, nor suppressed their utterance, through any fear or favor, or of faction ; but he was, on the contrary, consistent and constant As pilot well expert in perilous wave. That to a steadfast starre his c-ourse hath bent." Mr. Upham's best known speeches in the Senate are his speech on Three Million Bill, delivered March i, 1847; on The Ten Regimetit Bill, and the Mexican War, de- livered Feb. 15, 1848; on the Bill to es- tablish Territorial Governments of Oregon, New Mexico and California, delivered Ju- ly 28, 1848 ; on the Compromise Bill, de- livered July I and 2, 1850. These were all published in pamphlet form, as well as in all the leading political papers of the day, and at once received the stamp of public approbation as elabo- rate and able efforts. But besides these, and besides also the numerous written and published reports he made during his Con- gressional career, as chairman of commit- tee on Revolutionary Claims, on the Post Office and Post Roads, and of other com- mittees, Mr. Upham made many other speeches on various subjects, which, though less extensively circulated perhaps, than those above enumerated, yet received almost equal praise from high quarters. Of the latter may be cited, as an instance, his speech in opposition to the Tariff" bill of 1 846 ; and to show the approbation with which it was received, at the time, among distinguished men, we are permitted to copy a characteristic note from Mr. Web- ster, which was sent Mr. Upham, the even- ing after the speech was delivered, and which, after his death, was found among his private papers : Thursday Eve., July 26, 1846. My Dear Sir : — If you could convenient- ly call at my house, at eight or nine o'clock in the morning, I shoutd be glad to see you for five minutes. I wish to take down some of your statements respecting the market abroad, for our wool. Following in your track, my work is to compare the value of the foreign and home markets. Yours truly, Daniel Webster. If I had the honor of being a corre- spondent of Mrs. Upham, I should write 456 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. to her to say, that you had made an excel- lent speech. The point, of the duty of government to fulfil its pledges, so fre- quently and solemnly made, was exhibited in a very strong light. D. w. A friend wrote that the Senator "was keenly sensible of the dignity of his office, and careful in the discharge of its duties, and from his constancy, industry, and in- tegrity, he was one of the most useful members of the senate." MRS. SARAH UPHAM. Sarah Keyes, wife of the Hon. Senator, was born in Ashford,Conn. She was a sister of Mrs. Thomas Brooks of Montpelier, the grandmother of Gen. W. T. Brooks, the distinguished commander of the Vermont Brigade through part of the war of the Re- bellion, and while with 'her sister here, became acquainted with Mr. Upham, with whom, at the early age of 19, she united her destinies for life. Many a public man has been left to regret that he had not a partner who, by her personal attractions, wit and conversational powers, was fitted to sustain herself in the social circles into which his high position brought him. Not so Mr. Upham ; his wife, who usually at- tended him to Washington, readily and gracefully sustained herself among the best society congregated at the National Capi- tal, and was ever, at home or abroad, the cordial, sparkling, intelligent woman, and eminently popular. Each successive season for years, and after her own family had grown up, the young people of Montpelier were indebted to her, more than to any other lady at the Capital, for her inexclu- sive hospitalities, and efibrts that never wearied, to promote their happiness and culture ; for the numerous pleasant parties at which, with the approbation of her lib- eral^ vvarm-souled and congenial husband, she delighted to gather them at her house, within her beautiful home, under her charm- ing influence. Her very presence was re- fining and a delight. A lady so charitable, magnetic and influential is a great gift to society. Such was Mrs. Upham, as still remembered by numerous friends, and what to her surviving daughters is more pre- cious, and for the example of women more beautiful, she was no less marked and ex- cellent in her every-day life of family duties and cares and affections — the wise and able woman in her own house. The rich- est fruit must ripen and fall. After her husband died, though of a buoyant disposi- tion, and striving hard to bear her loss with Christian resignation, she soon began to droop, and on the 8th of May, after, 1856, followed him to the grave, mourned by her children and many friends. The por- trait of Mrs. Upham in this volume was copied from a painting done shortly after her marriage, while that of the Senator was taken many years later. e. p. w. WILLIAM KEVES UPHAM, oldest son of Senator Upham, was born in Montpelier, April 3, 18 17, admitted to the bar there, and soon thereafter removed to Ohio, where he gained a large and lucra- tive practice, and ultimately rose to the head of his profession in that State, rank- ing, wrote a biographer, " with Chase, Stanton, Corwin, Vinton, John A. Bing- ham, and others." This statement has been confirmed to the writer of this note by a judge of an Ohio court, in which Mr. Upham practiced. He died Mar. 22, 1865, and a handsome monument was erected to him by the bar of Stark Co., O. e. p. w. MAJ. CHARLES C. UPHAM, the second son of Senator Upham, was born in Montpelier, April 3, 18 19, and was educated there. In 1852, he entered the U. S. Navy as Paymaster, and by his con- duct so far won the confidence of the de- partment that he was assigned to duties of a confidential character. He died sud- denly at Montpelier, June ID, 1868. His wife, Mrs. Abbie E.- Upham, did not long survive him. e. p. w. MRS. GEORGE LANGDON, who was Sarah , Sumner, oldest daughter of Senator Upham, was born in Mont- pelier, and Mary Annette, youngest daughter of Senator Upham, resides with her. Both of these ladies have inherited all the beautiful graces and the remarkable characteristics of their mother, and are favorites as well in the Capitals of Ver- mont and the Nation, as elsewhere. They are both still living, [1881.] e. p. w. ^\\ ■•%* <^» c-y'^?t-'^-^;^ /. MONTPELIER. 4?7 COL. JONATHAN PECKHAM MILLER was born in Randolph, Feb. 24, 1797. His father, who died in 1 799, had given him to his uncle, Jonathan Peckham, who, dying about 1805, appears to have commended the boy to the care of Gapt. John Granger, of the same town, and with that gen- tleman he resided till 1813, when he went to Woodstock to learn the tanner's trade. He did not remain long there, however, before sickness compelled him to return ; and his illness settling into protracted feeble health, he made Mr. Granger's house his home for the next 4 years. But during this time the invasion of Plattsburgh by the British occurring, and Capt. Lebbeus Egerton, of that town, having raised a company of volunteers to go to the rescue, young Miller, sick or well, determined on joining the expedition, which, neverthe- less, turned out to be a bloodless one ; for the company had not quite time to reach the scene of action before the battle was over, and the enemy had beat a retreat ; when they all returned to Randolph, with no other glory than that which arose from this good showing of their patriotic inten- tions. Whether this incident started in Miller a taste for military aifairs, or whether he began to feel farming would prove too tame an occupation for him, is not fully known ; but certain it is, as early as 1817, he resolved to change his mode of life, and went to Marblehead, Mass., where a com- pany of United States troops were sta- tioned, and enlisted as a common soldier in the army. He continued in the service about 2 years, being a part of the time sta- tioned on our northern frontier, when, his health again failing, he procured a dis- charge, and returned to Randolph, where he attended the academy of that town, and soon began to fit for college. After dili- gently prosecuting his studies here till the summer of 182 1, he entered Dartmouth College ; but, for some reason, left in the course of a few weeks, and joined a class, of like standing as the one he had been in at Dartmouth, in the University of Ver- mont. At Burlington College, he steadily pursued his studies, advancing with the rest of his class, to almost the last year of 58 the prescribed course of collegiate require- ments, when, May 24, 1824, the college buildings accidentally caught fire and were totally, consumed, and with them a portion of the public library and the private books of the students, among which were thosJ of Mr. Miller. He was now afloat again ; but does not appear to have long hesitated in making up his mind upon a course of action for his immediate future. The struggles of Greece for liberty had by this time become the theme of every American fireside, and the appalling woes her people were suff'er- ing from the remorseless cruelties of their turbaned oppressors, had already enlisted the sympathies of every American heart that could feel for anything. As might be expected of one of Miller's warm and pat- riotic nature, his feelings had been among those of the first to be aroused at the re- cital of these tales of outrage. But here- tofore he had been engaged in the accom- plishment of the task before him — the com- pletion of his college course. He thought it hardly worth his while now, however, at his age, to enter a new college for this pur- pose, and, if not, his time was on his own hands. Why, then, should he not go to succor the opi^ressed, as well as other pat- riotic Americans who had already sailed for Greece, or were intending shortly to do so ? With the question, came the decision. He knew there was in Boston an asso- ciation of wealthy and influential gentle- men, styled the Greek Committee, who had been selected to receive and appropriate contributions for the Greek cause, by pur- chasing needed munitions, or by furnish- ing the means of transit to those who, without such means, were willing to volun- teer their personal services in behalf of the oppressed. But he must first obtain an introduction to them ; and for this purpose he went to Gov. Van Ness, at the destruc- tion of whose house by fire, a short time before, he knew he had performed an im- portant and dangerous service in rescuing valuable property from the flames. The Governor, who never forgot a benefit, wrote a letter, not only of introduction, but of warm recommendation of Mr. Miller, to 458 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. the Hon. Thomas L. Winthrop, and the Hon. Edward Everett, the President and Secretary of the Greek Association, who, in their turn, gave him letters to the Pres- ident and leading members of the Greek Government, at Missolonghi, and furnish- ed him withal, with over $300, to enable him to pay his passage, equip himself with a good personal outfit, and have money left for exigencies that might arise after he had reached his destination ; when he, with other American volunteers, sailed for Malta, Aug. 21, 1824. After reaching that place, and spending a few weeks, and at some other of the neighboring islands, he pro- ceeded to the fated Missolonghi, and en- quired out the house which Lord Byron, then very late deceased, had made his headquarters, and which had been retained for the ordinary meetings of the members of the government of Western Greece. Here he encountered Dr. Mayer, who was a root of the fighting stock of William Tell, of Switzerland, and had, for several of the last years, been one of the bravest and most useful of the European volunteers in Greece. Mr. Miller presented his creden- tials to the Doctor, and was promised an early presentation to members of the gov- ernment. He was also invited to take up his quarters in that house, and having been shown a room where he might take a little of the repose he so much needed, he wrapped his cloak around him, threw him- self down on the floor, and was soon asleep. Before long, however, he was awakened by the entrance of a man already widely known through Europe and America. This was Gen. George Jarvis, a son of Benjamin Jarvis, of New York, who held a situation under the U.S. Government in Germany, where the son was born, educated and reared to manhood. He entered the Greek .service in 1821 , and continued in it through the whole of that memorable struggle, passing through every grade of military office to the rank of brigadier general of Lord Byron's brigade, and seeing, prob- ably, more'fighting, and undergoing more suffering and hardship than any one of all the heroes of Greece. He and Mr. Miller appear to have almost at once' made the discovery that they were congenial spirits, and a mutual friendship and respect sprang up between them, which soon resulted in Mr. Miller's appointment as one of the General's staff officers, with tlie rank of colonel in the Greek service. It is not our purpose to follow Colonel Miller through the various hardships he endured through tlie next 2 years of that wild and bloody conflict, nor enumerate those feats of arms which seem so to have awakened the admiration of the Greeks, and caused him to be known among them by the peculiar name of The Aiiiei'ican Dare Devil. Let an instance or two, which we have had from his own lips, serve as a specimen of his many personal risks and escapes, as well as of his individual daring. On one occasion, when he was stationed in command of a small band of soldiers in a walled garden, a few miles from Napoli, he suddenly discovered the place to be surrounded by a force of some thousand Turkish troops. Knowing that the instant the weakness of his band was discovered they would all be sacrificed on the spot. Col. Miller at once resolved on the des- perate expedient of a sally right into the mouth of the lion, and calling on his band to follow at his heels, he dashed out into the midst of the closely investing foe, firing his girdle full of pistols, and slash- ing about him with his sword as he went, with such fury as to astonish the Turks, who supposing, of course, the garden to be full of Greeks, about to scatter death among them from behind the walls, in- stantly became panic struck and fled. Another instance of a similar character occurred in a different part of the peninsula, when Gen. Jarvis and Col. Miller, with a small force, being unexpectedly beset by a large body of Turkish cavalry, were wholly cut off from their companions, and, as their only chance of escaping with life, were compelled to n.m for a piece of woods at the top of a hill a fourth of a mile dis- tant. But this only resort came near prov- ing a fatal one. A large squad of the mounted fiends pursued them, and were all within pistol shot, while the woods were yet too far distant to be reached by them. MONTPELIER. 459 They supposed there was but a moment more for them in this world ; but they re- solved that that moment should not be passed unimproved . They suddenly wheel- ed round, drew up their pieces, and fired directly into the faces of their pursuers, who. in surprise at the strange act, came to a dead halt, and the next instant turned and lied, doubtless believing that they would not take such a stand unless there lay concealed in the borders of the woods a force of their foes, from whom it was their wisdom to escape while they could. The first of these instances we find in substance related in Post s Visits to Greece and Constantinople in 1827, and also in Dr. Hoive'^s History of Greece, and the latter, not before named in history, is doubtless an equally veritable incident. Besides the many personal encounters and skirmishes with the foes of Greece, of the character of those just described, Col. Miller was an active participant in several important engagements, in which his gal- lantry appears to have attracted favorable notice. Among these we find one hand- somely alluded to in the lately published volume of '•'^ Travels in Greece and Russia,'"'' by Bayard Taylor : At the end of the Argive plain is the little village of Miles, where Ypsilanti gained a splendid victory over the troops of Ibrahim Pacha, and Col. Miller greatly distinguished himself. But the most continuous, the hardest and most important of Col. Miller's mil- itary services in Greece were in the terri- ble twelve months' siege of the ill-fated Missolonghi, one of the most wealthy and populous towns of the Grecian peninsula. We have space only to give a general idea of the character of this siege ; and this idea will perhaps be the best given by a letter from Dr. Mayer, of whom we have before spoken, and- who was one of the 130 per- sons perishing in the last defense of the place, written within three days before his death ; and in another letter from Colonel Miller himself to Edward Everett, after Missolonghi had fallen, and he had es- caped with the remnant of the besieged, as he has described, out of the city, but not out of danger : DR. Mayer's letter. The labors which we have undergone, and a wound I have received in the shoul- der, which I am in expectation is one which will be my passport to eternity, have prevented me till now from bidding you my last adieus. We are reduced to teed on the most disgusting animals ; we are suffering horribly from hunger and thirst. Sickness adds much to the calamities that overwhelm us. More than 1740 of our brothers are dead. More than 100,000 bombs and balls, thrown by the enemy, have destroyed our bastions and our houses. We have been terribly distressed by cold, and we have suffered great want of food. Notwithstanding so many privations, it is a great and noble spectacle to witness the ardor and devotedness of the garrison. A few days more, and these brave men will be angelic spirits, who will accuse before God the indifference of Christendom for a cause which is that of religion. All the Albanians who deserted from the standard of Reschid Pacha have now rallied under that of Ibrahim. In the name of all our brave men, among whom are Noto Bot- zaris, Travellas, Papodia Mautopolas, and myself, whom the government has ap- pointed generals to a body of its troops, I announce to you the resolution, sworn to before Heaven, to defend, footbyfoot, the land of Missolonghi, and bury ourselves, without listening to any capitulation, under the ruins of this city. History will render us justice ; posterity will weep over our misfortunes. I am proud to think that the blood of a Swiss, of a child of William Tell, is about to mingle with that of the heroes of Greece. May the relation of the siege of Missolonghi, which I have written, survive me. I have made sev- eral copies of it. Cause this letter, dear S , to be inserted in some public jour- nal. This beautiful and touching letter to a friend has been preserved in the History of Greece. Col. Miller's letter, which was also embodied in the same history, is as follows : Napoli de Romania, ? May 3, 1826. \ Edward Everett : Honored and Dear Friend: — It is with emotions not to be expressed, that I now attempt to give an account of the fall of Missolonghi, and the heart-rending situation of ill-fated Greece. Missolonghi fell into the hands of the Turks, eight days since, after a gallant defense of eleven months and a half. When we take into consider- ation the means of its defense, and the 460 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. overwhelming numbers that approached it by sea and land, there cannot be a doubt but that its resistance rivals anything of the kind either in ancient or modern times. The particulars of its fall are enough to draw tears from the most obdurate and un- feeling heart, and will bring into action the energies of the Christian world, if, in- deed, such a world can be said to exist. Pardon me, my dear sir ; the agonies of my mind cause the expression ; for who can believe, that, in an age like this, if there are Christians, infidels should be al- lowed to butcher an entire population? Missolonghi contained over 8,000 in- habitants at the time of its surrender, or rather of its destruction. There were no more than 3,000 capable of bearing arms ; the rest were women and children. We were reduced to the last extremity for pro- visions, having eaten all the mules and horses which were in the place, when the gloomy inhabitants were cheered by the arrival of the Greek fleet ; but alas ! the gallant Mianlis found the Turkish force too strong for his little Squadron. After sustaining considerable loss in three at- tempts to break through the Turkish fleet, he retired. The inhabitants of Missolonghi were now driven to desperation. They knew of the unhappy fate of those who had been taken at Aurtolico, and of the out- rages the Arabs would commit if the place should capitulate. They took a horrid but glorious resolution of blowing into the air their wives, daughters and sons. I call it glorious, because the women desired it ; and there was no possible way of prevent- ing the Arabs from committing outrages upon the women and boys, if they once should get them into their power. They all assembled at the old Turkish Seraglio. Their husbands and brothers, after laying a train of powder, embraced them for the last time, then giving them matches, left them to set fire to the train. The men then prepared themselves for cutting their way through the Turkish camp, sword in hand. And out of the 3,000, only 1,000 are said to have escaped. There is the greatest sorrow here, women beating their breasts, and asking every Frank they meet, " if all the Christian world has forsaken them?" I must close this hasty scrawl, for my heart is too full to write more. I lost all my articles of European clothing at Missolonghi. But this is nothing. If I am happy enough to escape, I shall go to Smyrna. My regards to Mrs. Everett. I am thankful it is not for her to endure the dis- tress of the fair, but ill-fated daughters of Greece. I am, dear sir, with due respect, your humble servant, J. P. Miller. This was the last of all systematic re- sistance the poor Greeks were able to make ; and they remained in their desolated country, a subdued, but not conquered people, till the Christian nations having been aroused, the naval victory at Navarino secured the independence of their country. But the people, in the meanwhile, were in a starving condition ; and Col. Miller, after lingering there till fall, came here to the United States to arouse his countrymen to the work of contributing for supplying of their wants. Arriving here in November, he lectured through most of the Northern and Middle States with that object ; but in Feb. 1827, while thus engaged, he was appointed by the N. Y. Greek Committee to the agency of going to Greece and /Su- perintending the distribution among the suffering inhabitants of that country of a cargo of provisions that had been already collected for them. He went, was gone about a year, and discharged his duty to the full satisfaction of the friends of Greece here, as the proofs, published with his journal by the Harpers of New York, after his return, abundantly make manifest. The aggregate value of the provisions and clothing distributed by him in Greece was over $75,000. Yet it was found to be well for the beneficiaries that he could act both in the character of almoner and soldier with equal efficiency. For, when he ar- rived in Greece, he was beset by sharpers and mercenary villains of all kinds, who insolently demanded portions of his cargo in despite all his judicious rules for dis- tribution ; and in one instance a scheme was laid to get possession of his whole store, and it would probably have been successful, as well as the less bold attempts of the kind, but for the decisive stand and personal intrepidity of Col. Miller, who, on such occasions, would throw off" the character of the almoner as quick as the Quaker did his coat, draw sword and pistols, and drive the lying knaves from his pres- ence. Among the things which were destined to become permanent remembrancers of Col. Miller's expedition to Greece, was the adoption and education of a Greek MONTPELIER. 461 orphan boy, Lucas Miltiades, who, after having received through his childhood and youth from the Colonel all the privileges and affectionate care and kindness which a father could have bestowed, removed West soon after reaching his majority. And Lucas Miltiades Miller has now become, through the advantages thus received, and his own capacity, energy and enterprise, one of the most respected, wealthy and in- fluential citizens of Wisconsin. Lucas M. was the younger of two broth- ers brought to this country by Col. Miller and Dr. Russ, the intimate friend pf the former, and one of the most cultivated, noble and efficient of all his compatriots in the Greek Revolution. Another momento was what now should be considered an antiquarian relic of great interest — nothing less than the veritable sword which Lord Bryon wore in his Greek campaign. Lord Bryon gave this sword to a young Greek named Loukas, a Cap- tain in his legion, who afterwards was shot dead in a sortie from the Acropolis at Ath- ens ; and being found with his sword knotted to his wrist, was carried into the fortress. When the sword and his clothing were sold for the benefit of his sisters by the English Consul of Poros, who was re- quested to take charge of the effects of the deceased. Col. Miller, being present at the sale, purchased the sword and brought it home on his second return. He loaned it to a Mr. Castanis, a native Greek lecturer, by whom it was carried back to Greece, and for a long time was supposed to be lost. But when, a few years since. Col. Miller's daughter, who in the meantime had grown to womanhood and married Mr. Abijah Keith, of Montpelier, visited Greece with her husband, and while there receiv- ing the flattering attentions of the many who called on her in manifestation of their gratitude for what her father had once done for them, for their relatives and for their country, she learned the whereabouts of Mr. Castanis and this sword, and soon recovered it. And being at the house of the now celebrated George Finlay, of Athens, known not only as Lord Byron's early British associate in Greece, but as the learned antiquarian, and historian of the different eras of Greece, he at once identified the sword, and gave Mr. and Mrs. Keith the following certificate, which we copy from the original in their posses- sion : Mr. and Mrs. Keith have just shown me the sword which Col. Miller purchased at Poros, at the sale of the effects of Captain Loukas : — This sword 1 have seen in Lord Byron's possession, before he gave it to Loukas ; and I was present at Poros when it was sold. George Finlay. Athens, 17 January, 1853. Dr. Russ, who has already been men- tioned, and who is still living in New York, will also attest to all the material facts above presented. The identity of this sword, which has an Asiatic inscription on the blade, with Byron's initial and a crown engraved on the hilt, is thus placed beyond a cavil. Soon after his second return from Greece, Col. Miller came to Montpelier, and took up his permanent residence, passed through a regular course of legal studies, was ad- mitted to the bar, and opened a law office in the place in company with Nicholas Baylies, Esq. In June, 1828, he married the daughter of Capt. Jonathan Arms, a capitalist. In 1830, '31 and '';i;i, he was elected the rep- resentative of Berlin, within whose borders he was then residing with his father-in-law, Capt. Arms. During the session of the legislature of 1833, Col. Miller introduced the following resolution : Whereas, slavery and the slave trade, as existing in the District of Columbia, are contrary to the broad declaration of our Bill of Rights, which declares that liberty is the inalienable right of all men ; and whereas they are. a national evil, disgrace and crime, which ought to be abolished ; and whereas the power of legislation for that District is with the Congress of these United States, therefore. Resolved, the Governor and Council con- curring herein, that our Senators in Con- gress be directed, and representatives in Congress be requested, to use their en- deavors to effect the abolition of slavery and the slave trade in the District of Columbia. This preamble and resolution, which we have copied at large, not only because 462 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Col. Miller was the mover, but because they constituted the first anti-slavery move- ment in the legislature of Vermont, were, after lying on the table some weeks, called up by Mr. Miller, earnestly supported by him, and, — that being long before it was good policy for leading politicians to sup- port anti-slavery resolutions, — opposed by Mr. Foot, of Rutland, who moved to dis- miss the resolution. The House, how- ever, refused to dismiss it, by 20 majority, but consented to refer it to the next ses- sion, when it was finally dismissed by 1 5 majority. From about this time, however. Colonel Miller gave his almost undivided attentions and sympathies to the cause of anti- slavery, lecturing in all parts of the State, and not only bestowing his time and labors, but a large amount of money for its advancement. And it probably is not too much to say that no man ever did as much as Col. Miller, in building up the anti-slavery party of Vermont, and putting it on that onward march and steady in- crease, which raised it to a power that made it necessary for the dominant party, as a matter of self-preservation, to adopt its principles and take all its members into political fellowship. In 1840, Col. Miller, one of the two Vermont delegates, attended the World's Anti-Slavery Convention, in London, where he appears to have been much noticed by Daniel O'Connell, Lord Brougham, and other leading men of the kingdom, to whom he had formerly become known by his championship of oppressed Greece. He took a prominent part in the debates of this celebrated convention. And, in glancing over the volume of its proceed- ings, published the next year in London, we are unable to perceive why his speeches do not honorably compare with the major- ity of those of the many very able men of whom that body was composed. As a public speaker. Col. Miller was off-hand, bold and earnest, appearing more solicitous of bringing out his principles with effect, than of draping his thoughts with the graces of oratory. And in his manners in private life, he exhibited the same characteristics by which he was known in all his public actions— a fearless utterance of his opinions, and a straight- forward, unstudied frankness, united with a soldierly bearing, which, with the af- fectedly refined, was considered as ap- proaching the borders of roughness. As a citizen, he was public-spirited, without vices, and benevolent to a proverb. He always had around him half a regiment of the poor, or poor tenants, who came not to pay him rents, but to obtain additional favors ; and the fact that both these classes contitiued to throng him throv:gh life is sufficient evidence that they never went away emptyhanded. He must have given away, during his residence in Montpelier, in private charities, in the furtherance of the anti-slavery cause, and in aidance of educational or benevolent institutions, the largest part of a handsome fortune, re- ceiving in return nothing but the good name he carried to his grave. He died prematurely, in consequence of an accidental injury to his spine, Feb. 17, 1847, leaving a .wife and one child, the daughter to whom we have before alluded, Mrs. Abijah Keith ; and he now sleeps on the boldest point of yonder Green Mount Cemetery, beneath the massive, square, rough granite obelisk, so typical, in many respects, of his Roman virtues and strong traits of character. [Sarah Arms, the widow of Col. Miller, died in Chicago, Dec. 22, 1864, aged 76. Her remains were brought back to Mont- pelier, and interred in Green Mount Cem- etery, by the side of her renowned and honorable husband.] Hon. D. p. Thompson. — [For biograph- ical sketch of Mr. Thompson, see Berlin, page 69 of vol. IV, this work.] GEORGE ROBINSON THOMPSON, was born at Montpelier, Jan. 3, 1834. He was the oldest son of the late Hon. Daniel P. Thom.pson. He fitted for col- lege at the Washington County Grammar School, and entered the LIniversity in 1849; graduating in 1853. He studied law at Montpelier, and was for two years clerk of the House of Representatives, and / oT^ A^.^a^ MONTPELIER. 463 been imposed the grateful duty, not to pronounce his euology, but to speak of those quahties of mind and heart which rendered him so popular with the Court, so respected by the public, so dear to us all. Lucius B. Peck was the son of General John Peck, and was born in October, 1802, at Waterbury, in this county. He lived there until he was nineteen years of age, when, having finished a preparatory course, he was admitted as a cadet to the Military Academy at West Point, July i, 1822, where he stayed one year. Although he was studious and scholarly, and took a high rank in his class, he was compelled to resign on account of ill health. His resignation was accepted Aug. 15, 1823. The following year, having regained his health, he entered the office of Hon. Sam- uel Prentiss as a student-at-law. From those who were his fellow students, I learn that here he first began to develop those powers of clear discrimination and accurate judgment for which he was after- wards so much distinguished. After about one year spent in laborious toil under the guiding hand of Judge Pren- tiss, he went into the ofiice of Hon. Deni- son Smith of Barre, where he completed his studies and was admitted to the bar in this county at the September term, 1825. He immediately formed a partnership with Mr. Smith, who, at this time, was ad- vanced in years, and with a large practice. The duties that this connection imposed upon Mr. Peck were arduous, but exceed- ingly beneficial. He felt these responsi- bilities and labored like a Hercules to be equal to them. His modesty of manner excited sympathy, and his clearness of mind challenged attention. While the old clients of Mr. Smith at first naturally doubted his untried hand, acquaintance soon begot familiarity, and familiarity con- fidence, and in a few years, we find Mr. Peck in the full tide of successful practice in Orange and Washington counties. So great was the confidence of the pub- lic, that at this early age, soon after he commenced practice, he was sent to the Legislature as the representative of Barre. removed in 1856 to New York to practice his profession, where he acquired a good position. Mr. Thompson was a man of fine literary attainments and very social tastes. On the night of Feb. 6, 1871, on his -way to Albany to argue a case before the Court of Appeals, he was instantly killed by a disaster to the train at New Hamburgh, N. Y. Mr. Thompson mar- ried a daughter of the late Dr. T. C. Tap- lin, of Montpelier, and -left two children. Daniel G. Thompson, youngest son of the late Hon. D. P. Thompson, is now practising law in New York city, being the junior member of the legal firm of Jordan, Stiles & Thompson, the senior of which is Hon. Edward Jordan, late Solicitor of the Treasury. ADDITIONAL BIOGRAPHIES. HON. LUCIUS B. PECK, Lawyer and Member of Congress, and forty years a resident of Montpelier. ADDRESS OF B. F. FIFIELD, Esq., By request of the Bar, read before the assembled ^Court,—His Honor, Asnhel Peck, presiding. May IT PLEASE THE CoURT : On the 28th day of December last, in a neighboring state, amid the friendless as- sociations of a strange city, Hon. Lucius B. Peck died of paralysis, in the 65th year of his age. On the 29th his remains were brought to his old home in Montpe- lier, and on the 30th, at the Pavilion Ho- tel, they were viewed with sorrow and re- gret by his old friends and fellow towns- men. On the 31st, at 4 o'clock, P. M., we attended his funeral in a body ; we heard pronounced the touching and impressive words of the Episcopal burial service ; we listened to the solemn chant of anthems breathing forth in melodious numbers consolation to the living and blessings up- on the dead, and as the lingering twilight of the departing year faded away in the west, we silently and mournfully followed the remains of him whom we respected and loved, and deposited them within the cold walls of the tomb. To-night, in pursuance of a time-hon- ored custom, we meet to testify our respect for our eminent friend, and upon me has 464 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Though he talked little, he always talked well. His deference to the opinions of others was always marked, and generally he found greater pleasure in being an at- tentive listener than a noisy debator. About 1827, Mr. Smith died, and soon afterwards Mr. Peck removed to Montpe- lier, and continued the practice of law here from that time till the time of his death. From the time Mr. Peck removed to Mont- ier his practice was constantly increasing. He began to be generally known over the State ; in Orange county, he was engaged in almost every case. Dillingham, Upham and Collamer also practiced there, — all men of superior abil- ity. Pitted against each other their wits were sharpened and the traces always kept tight. The sharp retort, the fiery sarcasm, the nervous energy of Mr. Upham found their match in the cool, deliberate, mental power of Mr. Peck ; they were generally matched against each other. It should be remembered that courts are not now what they were then. There were no railroads then ; local attachments and feelings were stronger than now. The county seat was to the county a center to which all ejes were turned on court day. The hotels were filled, the court-house jammed with an interested and partisan audience, who were keen to sympathize with and applaud any happy hit which came from the lawyer who vindicated the cause in which they happened to believe. Thus emulation was created ; each lawyer knew what was expected of him. He stood not in representation of his client alone, but he stood to vindicate a just cause and hurl back all anathemas that trenched upon the rectitude of the intentions of his client, his witnesses and friends. The opposing counsel stood as gladiators, determined to win or die. Mr. Upham was the senior of Mr. Peck, but he had for him a profound respect ; after the battle was over they were the best of friends. They were wholly dissimilar. Mr. Upham was fiery, impetuous and headstrong. Mr. Peck was slow, deliber- ate and argumentative, but as he proceeded the hearers felt that a strong mental pow- er was operating to instruct the under- standing and convince the mind. Mr. Upham's power lay in his extreme earnestnesss, his biting denunciations, and often his eloquent appeals to the passions or prejudices of his hearers. Mr. Peck's lay in the candor and fair- ness of his statement, and the matchless elimination of truth from falsehood. These very dissimilarities in their char- acters contributed to make them friends, and the more that each recognized in the other what was wanting in himself. There was Dillingham, too, the last of them now living, whose emotional counte- nance and musical voice, notwithstanding the fire of Mr. Upham and the candor of Mr. Peck, were very apt to snatch the verdict from both if he could only get the close of the case. It was with such men, and amid such surroundings, that Mr. Peck practiced from the time he came to Montpelier down to about 1845. To hold any position of equality with such men, he was obliged to labor incessantly. But this he always did cheerfully, for he loved his profession. About 1830, he married the daughter of Ira Day, Esq., of Barre, who was then one of the wealthiest and most influential men in the State. For a few years they board- ed, and then he went into the house which he continued to occupy up to the time of his wife's death, in 1854. After his mar- riage, the charms of domestic life added to his happiness, and the years flew swiftly by. I have it from his own lips that these years from 1830 to 1845 were the pleasant- est of his life. And his old friends re- member with g^at pleasure the generous hospitalities which were so gracefully dis- pensed by him and his accomplished wife during these years. Happy in his home, and successful in his profession, Mr. Peck was content, though still aspiring. About this time he was retained as gen- eral counsel for the Vermont Central Rail- road through the influence of Gov. Paine, who had a thorough appreciation of his safe and reliable legal advice, and from that time to the time of his death, he continued their counsel. But though overwhelmed MONTPELIER. 46s with professional business, Mr. Peck, after 1845, mingled to some extent in politics. From 1847 to 185 1, he represented this district in Congress. While there he formed many valuable acquaintances, and among those of whom he was most accus- tomed to speak, were Daniel S. Dickinson and Gov. Marcy, for with them in particu- lar, he was on intimate and familiar terms. His congressional career was satisfactory to his constituents. He was respected and honored by all who knew him, and in all the speeches which he made there is the same precision and accuracy for which he was noted at home. But I think po- litical life was distasteful to him. He was essentially a man of habit. His profession was the profession of law. He had become habituated to the routine of that kind of labor, and when he stepped into a new arena he felt that he had strayed from home, and I think his mind ever turned from the dissipations of the fashion- able life of Washington with fond regret to his quiet home among his friends and the green hills of Vermont. Indeed, he has told me this in substance, many times, and that the greatest mistake of his life was in going to Washington at all. Prob- "ably, however, when he resumed the prac- tice of law on his return from Washington in 1852, his reputation received additional lustre by reason of his congressional life. Since 1852, there have been fewlargesuits in the State in which he has not been re- tained. Mr. Peck was United States District Attorney under President Pierce, and was once or twice nominated by his party as Governor of this State. From 1859 to his death, he was president of the Vermont & Canada Railroad. But his fame rests in his professional life. And here it was that he desired to have it rest. It was to this that he bent his energies ; here was his ambition, and it cannot be doubted that at last he stood without his peer, princeps inter principes. Quintilian tells us that a successful law- yer must be a good man. By this I sup- pose is meant that he must have a char- acter for integrity which will inspire con- fidence. Mr. Peck had this in a remark- able degree. Everybody believed not only in his ability, but also in his honesty. His word was law. Hence his opinion was sought from far and near. Every client he ever had was sure to return in new emer- gencies, and, when he again departed, it was with renewed and enlarged confidence. His kindness and patience in listening to the tedious and almost senseless recital of imaginary wrongs by moneyless clients is also worthy of remark. In the very height of his professional reputation, I doubt if he ever refused to counsel a client, how- ever poor he might be, or however small the controversy, and I need hardly say in this presence that such controversies are sometimes as intricate and difficult of solution as they are petty and insignifi- cant in magnitude. He was seldom if ever angry — never abusive. I can safely say that I never knew him to speak ill of any person. I do not doubt he had his dislikes, but if he had he kept them to himself. He had no petty jealousy of his brethren at the bar. He never believed it necessary to success that it should be built upon the ruins of his fellows. " With malice toward none and charity for all," his ambition was to rise by his own merit, and give others the same opportunity. His courtesy, too, to the younger mem- bers of the bar has become proverbial. For many years his position has been com- manding ; his opinion was therefore sought by those younger than himself. Who of us does not remeinber his forbearance and patience ? Mr. Peck was slow in forming his opinions. Every loop-hole in a question was revolved over and over in his mind before any definite conclusion was an- nounced. A leading though homely maxim with him was, " Be sure you are right, and then go ahead !" He believed in the ad- vice of Polonius to his son : Beware Of entrance to a quarrel; but, being tn. Bear It, that the opposer may beware of thee. He was peaceful in his habits, and for many years past has been more inclined to 59 466 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. advise settlements than to bring suits. His friends were few, but as a general rule very select. These he bound to his heart with hooks of steel. In this connection I cannot refrain from speaking of his reti- cence. By those who did not know him well, this has been taken for coldness. But it was very far from that. Mr. Peck was one of the most sensitive men I ever knew ; hence he was never ob- trusive. His sensibilities were delicate, and his apparent reserve was the result of a retiring modesty, rather than coldness of heart. He was, on the contrary, I confi- dently affirm, one of the kindest-hearted men I ever knew. If he did a favor, it was quite as apt to be behind your back as to your face. If he bestowed charity it was with no ostentation. If done at all, it was because it was proper and right ; no* because it might or might not be talked about. I have already alluded to the force of habit upon him. When once the wheels were in the groove, it was difficult to get him out of it. I remember well when we moved into our new office, about i860. Many a time have I known him to pass by to the old office, and never discover his error until he had got to the stairway or the door. It was many months before he felt at home in our new quarters, and I believe his old sign never came down from over the old office until within two years. Mr. Peck never pressed a debtor ; I never knew him to dun one, even. But, while he never troubled others, he was al- ways prompt in his engagements, and they were fulfilled with no quibbling, no mis- understandings. In short, he had a homely, old-fashioned honesty, and he was particularly attracted towards one who had the same. His dealings with other mem- bers of the bar were of the same character ; he was open, frank, straightforward, and he was never found in any diffi^rent position to-day from what he was yesterday. Hence his word was a bond. He delighted in the practice of the law, not so much in the contentions of the forum, as in the law as a science. His mind, whether in or out of court, was ever dwelling upon it ; he thought of nothing else, cared for nothing else. Here was his heart, and here was he also. He had a mind and temperament peculiarly adapted to the scientific investigation of legal prin- ciples. For his mind, being active and strong, gave him great power of analysis, and his temperament being slow and cau- tious, no conclusion was announced until the analysis was complete. His chief ex- cellence consisted in his power to separate and distinguish things essential from things of circumstance, and here he himself could only be his parallel. . His clear discrimina- tion easily penetrated the small clap-trap with which some lawyers attempt to con- ceal, rather than elucidate the trutli, and having a clear understanding himself, he ' could make it clear to others also. Mr. Peck was not a man of great gen- eral learning, or high scholarly culture ; his reading was generally, though not al- ways, confined to the leather-bound vol- umes of our office ; there he revelled in perfect contentment. And as each new volume was issued, he drank from the clear fountains of the law, and renewed again his acquaintance with old and familiar principles as applied to new cases. He never indulged in satire 'or sarcasm ;• at most, it could only be called a pleasant- ry. His kindness of heart forbid that he should wound the feelings of others. He never ventured upon flights of im- agination or sketches of fancy. He con- sidered them as but small aids in the elu- cidation of truth, and when these arts were opposed to him, they faded away into the thin air of nothingness as he exposed their worthlessness. For want of these arts it has sometimes been said that he was not a great jury advocate. If by this is meant he was not brilliant in his conceptions, and swift and rapid in that kind of imagery which captivates the fancy and pushes the mind momentarily from its true balance, I agree to it, but if the art of good advocacy consists in convincing the understanding and riveting the mind upon the vital and centralizing points of a case, then, I think, he was a great jury advocate, and his great success in this regard is the best proof of MONTPELIER. 467 the truth of it. It should always be re- membered that after the advocacy is over, comes the rigid, unbending charge of the court. The minds of the jury quickly re- gain their equanimity, and return to the pivotal points in the case. But however this may be, his pre- eminence in the Supreme Court for more than twenty years has never been ques- tioned. It was remarked by Chief Justice Redfield, many years since, that he was the model lawyer of the State, and one of the most scholarly and appreciative of our present judges has often said that no man helped the court like Mr. Peck. The ex- pression is peculiarly appropriate ; for, to help the court implies ability and willing- ness on his part, and confidence and trust on theirs. When Mr. Peck arose, he stood, not the friend of his client alone, but also the friend of the court. Instantly they would lean forward to catch the meas- ured tones of his voice, as principle after principle was announced, constituting an unbroken chain of logical deduction, never diverging or diffuse, but ever aiming at a given result, and when the conclusion was reached, he always sat down. There was no repetition, no tautology. His appearance here was always quiet ; his style of address conversational. With great deference on his part, he and the court seemed to be conferring together. He was recognized their equal, and he never abused the high compliment. Hence the weight of his character gave great force to his arguments. He was a man of few words, but they were spoken with great precision and measured accuracy. ■ In recent years I think he has not been accustomed to rely upon cases to any great extent. When a cause was to be argued, his first question was, what is right? and he never would fail to find some legal prin- ciple which would adapt itself to his view of the case. He never believed law was a code for the advancement of legalized trickery, but that in its proper administra- tion, it was co-extensive with the highest morality, and productive of the purest jus- tice. With such a head and such a heart, Mr. Peck practiced for 40 years in the courts of this State. True to his clients, true to the court, loved by the bar and respected by the public, he leaves behind him a reputa- tion whose lustre will illumine these altars of justice so long as the votaries of the law shall study it as a science, or practice it with fidelity. The future law student will find our reports full of the imprints of his masterly mind, and will read with uncea.s- ing delight those pages in which legal principles have been so moulded under his guiding hand as to adapt themselves justly to the ever-varying and changing circum- stances of life. The barbarous conception of the poet, that The evil tliat men do, lives after tliera; The good is oft interred with their bones, will find no verification in his case. His gentleness, his courtesy, and the noble qualities of his heart will be remem- bered by all of us who are living, and the monuments of his learning, spread all over our jurisprudence, will be remembered by those who come after us. But, may it please the court, he is gone from us now ; his labors are over, his des- tiny accomplished. Placidly and calmly he has laid off the armor of life. The armor was battered and worn ; it had been through many a battle, for he had fought a good fight. Truthfully and appropriately may we apostrophize it. Bruised pieces go Ye iiave been nobly borne I Mr. Peck, said the Hon. Timothy P. Redfield on this occasion, was the veteran leader of this bar, and for more than a quarter of a century had stood among the foremost of his profession in the State. He was also a model in courtesy and ur- banity in court. He loved and honored, but never, by a professional act, degraded the profession ; and his kindness and cour- tesy were extended alike to his brethren and the court. As a mere lawyer, it is not probable this bar will soon find again so perfect a model. He was in attendance upon the last ses- sion of this court, in his usual health. At 468 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. the General Term of the Supreme Court, in November, he had the responsible care of a large number of important cases, and it was observed that he exhibited more than his accustomed elasticity and vigor. A few days afterwards, while upon profes- sional business in the city of Lowell, Mass., he was suddenly stricken, and lingered, with the windows of his intellect darkened, until the 28th of December, when the light went out. [Of the resolutions on his death, passed by the bar, we most admire :] Resolved, That we respected him for a modesty that never assumed, and a cour- tesy that never gave offense ; we loved him for his honesty ; we admired him for his learning ; and that in all these character- istics, so happily united, he has left us a rare example. STODDARD BENHAM COLBY. BY HON. T. P. REDFIELD. Stoddard Colby was the second son of Capt. Nehemiah Colby, born at Derby, Orleans County, Jan. 18 16. In 1829, he began fitting for college in the office of the late Judge Redfield, who had then commenced the practice of the law, in the little village of Derby Center, in which Capt. Colby was the chief citizen and actor. Stoddard was an easy and ready scholar, and acquired language, especially, and its use, with great facility. Judge Redfield, fresh from college attainment, undulled by professional labors, was to young Colby a thorough teacher in the Greek and Latin languages. Colby entered the freshman class of Dartmouth College in the fall of 1832, and, in due course, graduated in the summer of 1836. He was among the few best scholars in the class ; was, without question, elected one of the Phi Bela Kappa members from his class, which comprise the best recitation scholars, not exceeding one-third of the whole number in the class. He was a good recitation scholar in all de- partments ; but his special gifts were in the languages ; and as a ready writer and debater, he was among the best. After his graduation, he studied law in the office of the late Senator Upham, at Montpelier, and was admitted to the bar in Orleans County, at the December term, 1838, and entered upon the practice of his profession at his old home in Derby Center. He was elected representative from the town of Derby in the year 1841, on the democratic ticket, although a large majority of the voters of Derby were, at that time, Whigs ; which shows that personally, Mr. Colby was highly esteemed by the citizens of his native town. He practiced his profession at Derby with all the success in business that could be expected in the limited sphere in which he necessarily moved in that place. The first case he argued in the County Court was in behalf of his uncle. Dr. Moses F. Colby, in the famous suit, Nelson v. Colby, for malpractice as a surgeon in treating the fracture of the neck of the thigh bone of the plaintiff's wife. The theory of the plaintiff's case was that Dr. Colby had needlessly confined his patient in splints, till her health gave way, and she became insane, in consequence of the treatment, when, in fact, there had been no fracture. The surgeons of the plaintiff claimed that such a fracture could seldom be united, by a bony union, in persons of the patient's age ; and if so, with shortened limb, and imperfect motion, and that in Mrs. Nelson's case, there was no shortening of the limb ; "and perfect symmetry of motion." Mattocks, Cushman, Bell, and the late Judge Smalley, giants in those days, were all engaged, and took part in the trial, and young Colby opened the argument to the jury, in the defence. By the argument he established a reputation as a good advocate, which followed and adhered to him for more than 20 years of his professional prac- tice in this State. He always used choice and beautiful language ; was facile in illus- tration, and in figures of speech, and ever ready in wit and sarcasm. His client after three jury trials was cast in that first suit ; and while the suit was pending on excep- tions, and petition for new trial in the Su- preme court, Mrs. Nelson died, and it was then ascertained that the limb had been fractured, and the fragments had united in a perfect bony union ; and the plaintiff dis- continued his case from the docket. MONTPELIER. 469 Mr. Colby removed to Montpelier in 1846, and soon after formed a law partner- ship with the late Lucius B. Peck. The law firm of Peck & Colby was then a lead- ing firm in the important legal business of the State, and continued so till 1863, when it was dissolved, and Mr. Colby was made Register of the Treasury, and removed to Washington. He continued to hold this position in the Treasury until his death, in the fall of 1867. He died at Haverhill, N. H., and was buried in the beautiful cemetery on the highlands, near Haverhill Corner. Mr. Colby was twice married. His first wife was Miss Harriet E. Proctor, the eldest sister of Gov. Proctor. She per- ished on the ill-fated steamer, Henry Clay, which was burned on the Hudson River. He afterwards married Miss Ellen Hunt, who survives him. By the first marriage he had four children, two of whom sur- vive ; and by the second marriage, two children. He will be remembered by his intimate friends and acquaintances for his genial wit and fertile resource in conversation, and the rich-garnered treasury of story and anecdote. But his reputation as a public man must rest, mainly, upon the character won in the varied and various tilts in the legal tournament, during the practice of a quar- ter of a century at the bar of Vermont. In that tournament, he was conceded to be one of the most brilliant advocates at the bar of his native State. He had no evil habit — no tarnish upon his good name ; was for many years a consistent member of the Protestant Episcopal church ; and died, seemingly, before his work was finished, at the age of 52. SAMUEL GOSS, our most venerable citizen, said the Watch- man, in a notice of his death, one who for his age, character, and fidelity as the ruler of his house, well-deserved the title of pa- triarch, died at Montpelier, Sabbath morn- ing, — Aug. 19, 1866 — in his 90th year. He was born in Hollis, N. H.,Nov. 1776; served an apprenticeship as printer with Amos Farley and Rev. Leonard Worces- ter in the office of " Isiah Thomas, the father of printers," at Worcester, Mass., entering the office at the age of 15, and at 21, (says Col. Hopkins in a notice of Mr. Goss in the Boston Journal,) he went to Boston and purchased a second-hand press and other printing materials, to set up business for himself. Setting his face toward Vermont, he arrived with his scanty outfit at Peacham, on the 24th of Jan. 1798, and for want of better accom- modations, established his office in asmall school-house, a building scarcely large enough, as he used to say, to seat 20 chil- dren, and 8 days afterwards, issued the first number of the Green Moiaiiahi Pat- 7-iot, a paper which he edited and published 9 years, in company with Mr. Farley — firm Farley & Goss — when he removed his print- office to Montpelier," [see Walton, page 291,] and commenced the Vermont Watch- man. Selling the Watchman in 18 10, to the late Gen. E. P. Walton and Mark Goss, (a younger brother,) both of whom were apprentices to Farley & Goss, he engaged in paper-making, which he continued for many years at Montpelier. Ardent in temperament, clear and strong in con- victions of duty, everything entered into he prosecuted with energy and zeal. In the church and Sabbath-school no one was more earnest and faithful. We think he has served more years in the Sabbath- school than anybody within our knowledge, unless it was his friend and brother in the church, the late Col. Asahel Washburn. Next best he loved his country, and from youth till he had reached almost a century of years, George Washington was his model of a statesman, with his announce- ment of whose death in his paper, appear- ed from his pen : AN ODE, OCCASIONED BY THE DEATH OF GEN. GEORGE WASHINGTON, DEC. II, 1799. Why do these niournlul accents flow. Why drops the unavailing tear, What dire event, what fatal blow. Which thus excites a pang severe? In sad responses eolioes througli the skies, Columbia's Parent, Friend and Savior dies! 470 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. 'Tis true, alas I too true, we mourn The exit of our Hero Chief; While on celestial pinions borne He soars aloft o'er pain and grief; Yet grateful millions will their loss deplore. Tin time's extinct, and virtue is no more. In him those charms that bind the heart. And tranquilize the Iniman mind, Beam'd sweet effulgence thro' tliat part, Which now is to the toml) consign'd. In scenes of joy, in days of gloomy strife. Benign and calm the Hero pass'd through life. No monarch on liis shining throne Can, justly, equal honors claim ; His modest worth resplendent shone, Unrivall'd on the lists of fame. Nor lives the man, with griet Columbia cries. So good, so kind, so temp'rate and so wise. O, could Ci)lumbia's deepest groan, Re-anlmate his slumb'ring clay. No longer would affliction's moan Pervade a realm so lately gay. But prayers, nor tears, nor virtuous deeds could save. Nor magic arts can raise him from tlie grave. Then cease to mourn the great uian's fate. Let Heaven's superior will be done; And future heroes imitate Tlie matchless deeds of Washington; Who once our troops to splendid vict'ry led, Establislied peace, but now, alas, is dead. Mr. Goss was a contributor to the Poets and Poetry of Vermont, revised edition. During the years of the rebellion, his heart was with his country. It was a habit with him to visit the old "Watch- man" office, ever to him an endeared spot, twice a day to get the latest war news. " On one of his last visits, he submitted a patriotic poem," says the editor, "which was to have been published, but he took it back to make some changes in it, doubt- less, forgot it ; we now regret its lo.ss." We think, perhaps, we have found the poem. The following, contributed by his daughter, was among his last, it not his last, poetical efforts : fugitive's DIRECTORY — Impromptu. BY SAMUEL GOSS. Old Gov. Wise is all in a foam Because his blacic cattle to Northern States roam, And bids us poor Yankees to seud them all back. Without e'en a bloodhound to scent out their track. But humanity says, no, let them rest here a wliile. And tlielr fears of re-capture in slumbers beguile. But when tliey re.-olve to quit the straw as their bed, Just stuff their old pockets with dried beef and bread. And bid them go forward alone, in the night. With the star in the north as their guide and their light. To degree 45 near the line of the State, And the beautiful plain of Canada East, Wliere prudence suggests a permanent stand. Quite removed from the lash of the slave-driver's hand. And here let them rest, and effectually prove, The obvious fact— a pleasant remove. Samuel Goss was one of the first per- sons with whom the Editor of the Gazetteer became acquainted in Montpelier. We have of him a special remembrance, and for him — as he was then in his fine, ripe old age — a special reverence. The few last years of his life he suffered much, it is recorded of him, from the infirmities of age, and prayed for patience to wait his change, and went gladly to his rest. He was buried with Masonic honors, from the residence of his son-in-law, Hon. O. H. Smith, in Green Mount Cemetery, in the spot selected by himself, almost side by side with his ancient colleague and pupil, Farley and Walton. For 60 years he had been a worthy and prominent citizen of the place. " His life has extended over three generations of men," . . said the Rev. Dr. Lord in his funeral discourse, "and he was ever one of the first in all excellent enterprises and institutions, and one of the last to withdraw his hand. He began life for himself in Peacham, about the close of the last century. He established in that place a paper which he published and edited, doing all the work with his own hands for several years. He was a nervous and vig- orous prose writer, and often enriched his columns with poetic effusions of no mean merit. When he removed to this town, it was in its infancy. He brought with him his press and his paper, and the developed energies of a confident, earnest, self- reliant Christian man. He conducted his paper, as its early copies will show, with a marked ability. He held a sharp and trenchant pen, never forgetful of Christian principles and Christian charity, however, but the faithful index of a clear, acute, active and intense perception Long after he was 70 years of age, he was wont to labor with his hands through the whole day, and in the evening give him- self to some Christian work, or while away time with his book or his pen. But how- ever much he was interested in all public affairs, I think he most of all delighted in the welfare and upholding of the church. He was one of the seventeen who organ- ized and constituted the first Consfregational MONTPELIER. 471 church in this town. He was the first clerk, and its records were kept by his hand and attested by his name. No name, unless it be the pastor's, appears there so often as his. There was no trying duty of his profession he ever sought to avoid, and no fitting and beneficent work he did not eagerly perform. ... A teacher in the Sabbath-school for 35 years, his name was always fragrant in it like ointment poured forth." Of the 17 original members of the Con- gregational church, he was the last sur- vivor but one. Samuel Goss was the son of John and Catherine (Conant) Goss, the second of 10 children, the eldest being John, Jr. Samuel Goss married, June, 1803, Mary French, born Oct. 1784; children: Wm. A., Benjamin F., Mary, Mary W., Eliza, Samuel P., Lydia French, Lucy A., John, and Samuel French. Mrs. Goss died Oct. 27, 1 861. Of the children, only two are living, Mrs. O. H. Smith, of Montpelier, and Samuel F. Goss.'of Chicago. Benjamin Franklin Goss, son of Samuel, born in Peacham, 1806, brought to Montpelier in 1808, was brought up in this town, and prepared for business in the store of Roger Hubbard, (now deceased.) He went from here to Northfield, and was several years in successful business con- nection with Gov. Paine ; from thence to Waterbury, Brandon and Vergennes, where as elsewhere, he was an energetic man of business, and zealous in benevolent and religious enterprises. He died in Ver- gennes in 1878. His disease, of the brain, had the peculiarity to bring out viv- idly, almost to the exclusion of his bodily suiTerings, his early boyhood, the lessons of his parents and the Sabbath-school. Hour after hour, he would repeat from the Scriptures and hymna of youth, at the same time recognizing every attention. He was exceedingly courteous and grateful to his attendants during his long 5 months' illness, withal as vivacious and cheerful as in his most fortunate days. It was sad to see mind and body slowly, but surely wasting away, but comforting to see he recognized no sorrow, He was buried in the family lot in Montpelier Green Mount Cemetery. Mrs. Lucy A. (Goss) Cobb, the young- est daughter of Samuel Goss, died in Kal- amazoo, Mich., 1879, of whom the local paper speaks as a most estimable woman. HON. ORAMEL HOPKINS SMITH was born in Thetford, Oct. 1798, came to Montpelier about 1830; studied law in the office of Judge Prentiss, admitted to the Bar in 1825, and remained in Judge Pren- tiss' office 2 years after. In his earlier professional years, he repeatedly served as assistant clerk in the House of Repre- sentatives ; was State's attorney 3 years, ending in 1844; justice of the peace 25 successive years ; 40 years a constant at- tendant upon the services of the Congre- gational church in this village, and during a quarter of a century led its choir. Of his professional ability, the fact that his name appears in the court records for 25 years preceding i860, as counsel in nearly all the cases of those days, is conclusive proof. July, i860, at White River Junction, arising at midnight in the hotel, without a light, to take a train north, he stumbled against a piece of furniture and fell, strik- ing a wardrobe on the back of his neck. Every physical power from his neck down- wards was instantly paralyzed, but his vocal organs and every faculty of the mind re- mained in active play. To Dr. Dixi Crosby's remark that he had about one chance in one hundred for recovery, he promptly replied, " I'll take that chance!" In the course of a year, his will power and wonderful vitality so far triumphed, he re- sumed practice in his office as a counsellor, though his right side remained perma- nently paralyzed, and for 18 years longer, under difficulties that would have appalled a less resolute man, plied his profession with energy and industry. Late at night, the light shining from his office window, on the second floor of the building at the corner of Main and State streets, frequently told of the old painstaking faithfulness triumphing over his infirmities. He was one of the organizers of the 472 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Montpelier Gaslight Company, and an officer in it several years ; his was the sec- ond house in Montpelier piped for burning gas. He also in its early days devoted much time to the affairs of the Vermont Central R. R., losing, like many others of the early friends of that road, many thou- sand dollars. For several of his last years, from age and infirmities, he was not able to attend to business, and died at his home at the " Riverside," in 1881, in his 83d year. He was the oldest surviving mem- ber of the Washington County Bar except Hon. Paul Dillingham, of Waterbury. He married, in 1830, Mary Warner, daughter of Samuel Goss. They had 4 children: Chas. F., who was graduated at Dartmouth in 1854; studied law in his father's office ; removed to Michigan, and died at the age of 31 ; another son, who died in infancy ; and two daughters, both married and live in Montpelier — Ellen J., wife of C. J. Gleason, and Lucy A., wife of Chas. A. Reed. The widow of Mr. Smith still resides at the "Riverside," Nov. 1881. Mr. Smith was also an honored member of Aurora Lodge, No. 22, F. & A. M. The following is from the record book of the Lodge : ^ JJV MJEMORIAM. §ra. 0nitncl ^Pi>hins ^mifh, Born in Tlietford, Vt., Oct. i6, 1798; Died at Montpelier, Vt. , January 23d, 1881 ; Aged 82 yrs., 3 mos. and 4 days. Affiliated with Aurora Lodge, No. 22, F. & A. M. Dec. 12, 1S53. Past Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge of Vt. Treasurer of Aurora Lodge, No. 22, From December 4, 1S54, to December, 1857. " Awaiting the sound of the gavel in the East." [From Obituary in the VeriDont Watchman.] COL. THOMAS REED was born at Hamstead, N. H., Mar. 29, 1793. He was a son of Capt. Thomas Reed, and came with his father to Montpe- lier in 1804, where he resided until his de- cease. He was by profession a lawyer, and at his decease the oldest attorney in the court in this County ; though for many years prior to the first stroke of his disease — some five years prior to his death, and from which he never rallied — he had not been an active practitioner at the bar. For the last 20 years, his active labor was mainly as a farmer, a pursuit in which he took much delight, and which he thor- oughly understood, as indeed, he under- stood everything which he undertook to do. During the last 5 years he was an invalid, and for 3 years was with- drawn from all business, the .slow progress of his disease undermining a naturally vig- orous constitution until April 18, 1864, when another shock of paralysis rendered him unconscious, and he remained in that state until he quietly passed away on the 19th. For more than 40 years he was one of the leading citizens of our town. His early life was, in many respects, a .severe struggle with adverse circumstances. He held himself not at all obliged to for- tune or the favor of any one, for the success he achieved, and he became austere, almost combative in his manner. He despised all shams. Humbugs stood no chance under the severe scrutiny of his eye and the arrows of his searching interrogation. His sagacity was seldom at fault. Few of his ventures failed of returning with profit. He exacted of others what he was always ready to yield to them, equal and exact justice. No deserving charity, no worthy enterprise ever sought his aid in vain. Many hearts have been warmed by unob- trusive gifts from his hand, for which he would not patiently listen to thanks. He had a capacious intellect. His mind was as stalwart and vigorous as his body, and he never allowed either to become en- ervated by idleness. His reading was va- ried and thorough. There were few sub- jects with which the general scholar is fa- miliar that he had not searched. He never forgot anything of value to him, whether he had found it in books, or in observa- tion, which with him was never .superficial, but always critical and complete. He be- lieved what was worth knowing at all was worth knowing well. His learning was ac- curate and full, his opinions well matured, MONTPELIER. 473 deliberate and precise. We have regarded Mr. Reed as mentally one of the strongest men in the State, and if he had early had the advantages of a complete educatio*i, and had given his great force of character and strength of will to intellectual pursuits, he would undoubtedly have reached the first rank among the intellects of Vermont, if not of New Ehgland. He was one of the strongest, most hon- est and most worthy citizens of Montpe- lier. He belonged to a generation which is now nearly gone, the men whose energy, strong will, business activity, commer- cial sagacity, integrity and generous enter- prise, have made our town what it is. Of his cotemporaries, many have gone before, and few remained to attend at his funeral. Well will it be for us all, if we, like Mr. Reed, do our work well, and leave a fra- grant memory to be cherished by those who shall one day take our places. Addition by E. P. Walton. The foregoing just tribute to Col. Reed, appeared in the Green Mountain Freeman, and was doubtless from the pen of the late Hon. Daniel P. -Thompson. It should be added, that as a banker for many years Col. Reed was at the head of the financiers of the State, an acknowledged authority, from which there was no appeal ; and as a writer on political questions, he was caus- tic in controversy, sure of his facts, and powerful in argument. On the record of the old bank of Montpelier will be found a very able and conclusive argument against the free banking act, which grew out of the party clamor of " Smilie and bank reform" ; but the following extracts of a letter to Stephen Foster, Esq., of Der- by Line, written Dec. 6, 1855, are given as evidence of Col. Reed's wisdom and prudence as a banker : " Keep in mind always that if you have good security for all your loans your bank can't fail, nor the stockholders fail to get good dividends. " When a man comes by other banks to yours for a loan, you may know that he has borrowed as much as he is entitled to from his capital or that he is discredited at home . 60 " Keep in mind the fact that many men are made great and rich by distance, and you may be sure that if any go by other banks to do business at yours, that they go there because they are obliged to, and not from love. "If a man asks you for a loan whom you don't know to be responsible, the only safe way is to consider him good for noth- ing and take security accordingly. Chari- table presumption and banking presump- tion in regard to men are entirely differ- ent : the charitable presumption in regard to a man that you don't personally know about, is always that he is good and rich ; but the banking presumption is that he is good for nothing — and the cashier who does not act by this rule will first or last, if not constantly, be a loser by his error. "Have no dealings with a stranger in buying drafts or checks of him unless he can refer you to some responsible man in the neighborhood as to his character. " Never take a draft of anybody without its being first accepted, unless it is other- wise secured than by the drawer's name — and never do so if you know the drawer to be good, for how do you know he will ac- cept? Many buyers of produce, wool, &c., will often present such drafts, and if the cashier takes them, he has no security but the drawer, and he is often a stranger. Many banks have lost by such careless- ness. "In fine, pay out no money but on se- curity of more than one name — and never 'regard as security an endorser or under- signer who is connected with the principal as partner, or one who must fail if the prin- cipal does. " Banks, being allowed to take only six per cent, can't afford to lose anythmg, and therefore it is expected by their customers that perfect security will be required — and if any one objects to this, there is a double reason why you should require it of him. Many men, who are known to be good, think they should not be asked to give se- curity for what they want to borrow — but such can have no difficulty to find se- curity, and they should be required to find it, otherwise you will find it difficult to get 474 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. security of those who are more doubtful, and be subject to the charge of partiality. Security, Security, Security, that is the main thing — and mind always to have the security taken before you let the money go. It is scarcely ever got afterwards." Mr. Reed was commissioned Colonel of Vermont militia Aug. il, 1825, by Gov. Van Ness ; and honorably discharged June 27, 1827, by Gov. Butler. The late Daniel Baldwin, shortly before his death, said to the writer ot this note, that he regarded Col. Reed as being, intel- lectually, the strongest man that Montpelier has had. Mr. Reed was certainly pre-em- inent in his chosen role as banker, but not superior to many others in other profes- sions. It is doubtless true, however, that if he had adhered to the profession of the law, and limited himself as counsellor in the supreme court and cases in chancery, he would have reached a very high rank. The severity of his manner and speech un- fitted him for a jury trial. He always won by honest force, if he did win, and not by suavity or trickery. CAPT. ISAAC RICKER. [From infoiniation I'liniislud liy the family.] Isaac Ricker wasborninDover, N. H., Christmas day, 1784. Here his early years were passed, and from Dover he enlisted in the old N. E. 4th Reg. Infantry, U. S. A., in 181 1, and was in the service all through "the last war with Great Britain," as the old soldiers of 18 12, I have noticed, in speaking of it, almost invariably style the war of 1812, '14, with England. He was under Col. Boyd, and the regiment was called the best in the United States at that time. He was also under Harrison when he took command at Cincinnati. Boyd's regiment was with Gen. Harrison when he won his brightest laurels. Capt. Ricker was there, and led his company in to the battle of Tipj^ecanoe. His weight being 200 at this time, tall and massive, he was an imposing looking and bold officer. The Indians surprised them, as is well known, that night. He was in Hull's army when he surrendered at Detroit his brave soldiers to the English, and he, like all the rest of Hull's infamously sacrificed men, suffered more in his imprisonment, follow- ing thereupon, than has ever been written. He was 7 years in the United States ser- vice, and never got scratch, wound or pen- sion, though his widow, a second wife, has had one for about 2 years past. After the war he was, for about 2 years, a recruiting officer of the U. S. A. He came to Montpelier in 18 17, and set-, tied on the site where is now the residence, store and shop of his son, Rufus Ricker, merchant tailor. State street, just opposite the post-office. He was deputy sheriff of the County and constable some years. Capt. Ricker was a staunch Democrat. " He fought too many years for the whole country to be anything else," says his son. We were told by an old native citizen of this County, at Burlington, the other day — Mr. Leonard Johonnott — that Captain Ricker and Senator Upham were particular friends ; that he always worked enthusi- astically and efficiently in any election for Upham. "Why," said his old Barre neighbor, "any history of Montpelier vil- lage of 50 years ago, witKout Capt. Isaac Ricker, would be no history at all." He cared little for town offices, or political honors for himself, but was all alive and energetic for his friends. And yet says one who knew him best in Montpelier, "he was a man who did not usually talk much ; he had been under military tactics too long ; but a prompt man when he did take hold, and acted with so much integrity as a sheriff, and so kindly, he was uncom- monly respected and trusted by those he took into custody." Captain Ricker married, first, Nancy Dame, of Rochester, N. H. She had 7 children, of whom Rufus R. Ricker, Fran- cis Derancis Ricker and Mrs. Priscilla Holmes, widow of Edwin C. Holmes, are now living here. Another son, George P. Ricker, was for many years engaged in busi- ness in town, and died from accident, in August, 185 1. His first wife dying, he married, about 1828, Loramie W. Hart, of Burlington, who survived him, and still lives in Montpelier. She had two children : " 4 \ 1 ^^^^^^^^. MONTPELIER. 483 close attention to business, lie acquired a very respectable competence. In 1866, becoming tired of riding over the adjacent hills at all hours of the day and night, realizing, as only a physician can, the magnitude of the burden as age advances, which many times is a thank- less task, he determined to remove to a more densely populated country, and, after traveling through the Western States, he purchased a residence in the beautiful city of Winona, Minn., on the westerly bank of the great Mississippi, where, surround- ed by his family, possessed of urbanity and great good sense, he enjoyed the confidence and respect of his neighbors and towns- people and the profession to which he be- longed, as well as that of those who sought his counsel and advice. CAPT. NATHAN JEWETT was born in Hopkinton, N. H., March 8, 1767, and died in Montpelier Dec. 29, 1861, in his 95th year. About the time Vermont declared her independence, ■ the church in Connecticut, which ruled that State, commenced a persecution of the brethren who preferred the Cambridge Platform, which drove several clergymen and many excellent men into other states. Several of the fugitives came to Vermont and New Hampshire and settled in or near the Connecticut river valley, and among these was the Hon. Elisha Payne, who was very influential in effecting the two unions of New Hampshire towns with Vermont, and for a time held the offices of Lieut. Governor and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont, though residing in what is now Lebanon, N. H. Capt.Jewett commended himself to Gov. Payne so well that he won the Governor's daughter Ruth, born at Plainfield, Conn., July 9, 1770, and married her Dec. 10, 1793, at Lebanon. From this marriage came the son, whose notice follows, and two daughters who were long ornaments in the society of Montpelier : Julia Jew- ett, widow first of Chester Hubbard, a successful merchant, and last of Hon. Au- gustine Clarke, who was State Treasurer; and Eliza S. Jewett, widow of the Hon. William R. Shafter, of Townshend. Mrs. Clarke died June i, 1881, at the age of 87 years. Mrs. Shafter is still living. Capt.Jewett came to Montpelier in 1807, and resided there until his death, always highly respected for perfect probity, and generosity beyond his means in behalf of the best interests of the community. I remember him as a well formed man and dignified and gentlemanly in his demeanor — qualities which contributed to his election to the captaincy of the Washington Artillery. This company was specially incorporated as the Governor's guard, consisted of picked men, and was entirely independent of other military organizations. The dignity of a Cap- taincy in such a company was equal to that of a Major General of the militia. Inc'eed, on election day the Captain was quite as great in the eyes of the customary crowd as His Excellency the Governor, His Hon- or the Lieut. Governor, the Honorable Council, and the General Assembly. COL. ELISHA PAYNE JEWETT was born in Lebanon, N. H., June 5th, 1 80 1, and married Miss Julia Kellogg Field, daughter of the late Hon. Charles K. Field of Brattleboro, Jan. 15, 1861. He was tiie only son of Nathan and Ruth Payne Jewett, and he has an only daughter who bears her grand-mother Jewett's name. Col. Jewett at 15 years was apprenticed to the late Hon. Daniel Baldwin as a clerk in the mercantile business, and after ser- vice for six years he engaged in trade for himself successfully, in the firms of Hub- bard & Jewett and Jewett, Howes & Co. On retiring from that business he was in- terested in the construction of a portion of the Vermont Central Railroad, and of the Great Western from Suspension Bridge to Hamilton, Ontario. Later he engaged in agriculture, pur- chasing the beautiful farm on the Winooski, in the south-west corner of the town, on which the first settlement was made. He has greatly improved that farm and other lands in his possession. It is however for Col. Jewett's active exertions, by his 484 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. personal influence and very generous con- tributions for tlie good of liis town, to churclies, State houses, and other things touching the interests of his neighbors, that he will long have "a name to live." His integrity and reputation as a finan- cier are fully attested by the offices he has held. He was a bank director in Montpe- lier for 42 years ; president of the State Bank (Montpelier) 6 years ; State Treas- urer — 1846 and 7, and town representative in 1855. He was also Presidential Elec- tor at large in 1872. Some of the services of Col. Jewett, in getting up the Vermont Central Railroad, have been already no- ticed in the history of Montpelier, but one incident remains to be recorded. The Vermont Central Railroad never could have been built without a connecting road in New Hampshire, and the dominant par- ty in that State was hostile to railroads. A committee of Central men, of which Col. Jewett was one, was therefore sent to Concord to wait upon the legislature and secure a charter. A scheme was arranged by Franklin Pierce, soon afterwards Presi- dent, Judge Upham and others, to have charters granted on condition that no rail- roads should be built except on the con- sent of a board of commissioners, who of course would be of the dominant party. Col. Jewett therefore ensconced himself at the Democratic head-quarters and soon prevailed upon an influential anti-railroad man to accept the office of cotnmissioner, and the charter was granted. Soon after- wards Col. Jewett assisted in Gov. Paine's flank movement in favor of the Fitchburgh line, when the Railroad Commissioners hastened to approve the charter of the Northern N. H. Railroad Company. Col. Jewett derives his military title from having been, with Gov. Charles Paine, on the staiFof Maj. Gen. Ezekiel P. Walton. E. p. w. SAMUEL WELLS. If intelligent and successful devotion to the highest interests of a community for the best portion of a more than average life entitles one to grateful mention when the record of that community is made up, then surely does the subject of this sketch deserve a no mean place upon the roll of honor of Montpelier. Samuel Wells was born in Milton, Chittenden County, Vt., Sept. 23, 1822. His father, William Wells, was a respected farmer of that town, and a veteran of the War of 1812, having served five years as a non-commissioned officer. The record says : "He was in the expedition which invaded Canada under Gen. Scott, and participated in the battles of Chippewa, French's Mills, and the siege and capture of Fort Erie. He was also one of the sur- vivors of the memorable charge at Lundy's Lane, under Col. Miller, when two-thirds of the attacking force was cut down." Samuel was the eldest of seven children, five of whom died in childhood. With no educational advantages in early life but the common schools of that day, these were so prized and utilized as to enable the farmer boy himself to become a suc- cessful teacher at the early age of 18. Sub- sequently he entered the law office of Hon. A. G. Whittemore, of Milton, where he not only completed his course of legal studies, but, better still, became so thor- oughly imbued with the high-toned pro- fessional practice and honorable business habits of the distinguished gentleman with whom he studied, as to furnish him a model in all his subsequent life. While studying law he also acquired a knowledge of prac- tical surveying, which was of great service to him in after years. After admission to the bar in Chittenden County, Mr. Wells opened an office in Bakersfield, Franklin County, where he practiced his profession for some two years. During this period he interested himself in the subject of fire insurance, and finally became impressed with the advisability of the farmers of the State eftecting insurance by themselves, and thus avoiding liability for the more hazardous classes of fire risks. Accordingly, in October, 1849, he came to Montpelier, and after enlisting other parties, an application was made to the legislature, then in session, for an act to incorporate the Fanners' Mutual Fire Insarattce Company. The application was ^^rX^/.^^?*^/ MONTPELIER. 485 strenuously opposed in various quarters, but finally prevailed, and on the day suc- ceeding its passage the company was or- ganized. At this organization Mr. Wells was chosen Treasurer and also a Director of the company, both of which positions he continued to hold by unanimous annual elections for 28 years, and until the day of his death. With a single exception, there was not another instance of like service in the history of the company. With that exception, not one of the original Directors remained in office, and ten out of the fifteen had long before passed away. With his company organized, Mr. Wells entered at once upon the discharge of his official duties with all the ardor of his na- ture, and in an almost incredibly brief period of time the " Farmers' Mutual" became one of the established and honored institutions of the State. It was both the pride and monument of all his after life. Its management led him to visit all sec- tions of the State, and he thus became more generally and favorably known than falls to the lot of most of our public men. Of the three thousand losses which the com- pany sustained prior to his death, he doubtless personally adjusted more than one-half, and no party ever had reason to accuse him of injustice or trickery. Of all the moneys which he recieved and dis- bursed as treasurer of the company — amounting to nearly a million of dollars — not a single dollar was ever misappropriat- ed to his personal advantage or diverted from its legitimate use. But fidelity to these public trusts by no means circumscribed or measured the ex- tent and value of his services to the im- mediate community in which he lived. With a generous spirit, and a ready and skillful hand, he welcomed all the broad and varied duties of the good citizen. His own limited advantages for early edu- cation led him to devise liberal things for the youth of later generations. The long and bitter struggle which finally resulted in the establishment of Montpelier's ex- cellent Union School, was inaugurated by Mr. Wells and three or four associates. and the almost endless and delicate labor required to supersede the time-honored district system by the infinitely better plan of miion and gradation, with all the legis- lation needful to render it complete and harmonious, devolved more largely upon him than upon any other one individual. And for several years after the new system was adopted he afforded it the benefit of his aid and counsel as a member of the prudential committee. The same is true of the excellent Fire Department, which has been maintained during the last 25 years. An entire re-organization was ef- fected, improved engines purchased, new companies formed and equipped, and a new departure in discipline and efficiency taken, largely through his instrumentality. For several years he held the responsible position of chief engineer, and was a lead- ing actor in this department long after failing health warned him to desist. In 1870, in consultation with others, he procured the chartering of the Montpelier Savings Bank and Trust Company, of which he was one of the corporators — an institution now, (1881,) with more than half a milhon dollars of deposits and cap- ital. In 1874 he obtained the charter of the Union Mutual Fire Instirance Com- pa7iy, with a view of providing insurance in home companies for such classes of prop- erty as could not be insured in the Farm- ers' Company, and which had hitherto been compelled to seek accommodation largely outside of the State. In this com- pany he was an active director until his death. In 1872 he became impressed with the absolute need of a better water supply for the village, and with such aid as he could commanjl, secured the consideration of the subject at the annual village meeting of that year, which resulted in the appoint- ment of a committee to examine and re- port upon the desirability of the general project, and the comparative merits of the several sources of supply. Mr. Wells was chairman of that committee, and much time and labor were expended in the ex- amination of localities, analysis of waters, survey of routes, and estimates of the cost VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. of material and construction — all of which was submitted in an exhaustive printed re- port at the annual village meeting of 1873. That report strongly recommended that the supply be taken from Berlin Pond brook, and that the work be undertaken at once ; and the reasons given for that re- commendation have never been contro- verted. When the village finally decides to meet this imperative necessity — and it is believed that that time is in the very near future — it will be found that the work is all plainly mapped out in Mr. Wells' report of 1873. Charters for the Montpelier Matuifacticr- ingCompafiyzndi also the Pioneer Manufac- turing Co7npany, were prepared and their enactment procured by him, the establish- ment of which have added largely to the population and industrial interests of the town ; and if all the benefits anticipated therefrom have not been realized, it is solely because the monied men of the place persistently withheld their pecuniary aid and fostering care. Mr. Wells also actively aided in the work of securing the Wells River railroad, and expended no little time and labor in efforts to secure other, in some respects better, connecting railway lines. He was principally instrumental in the purchase and fitting up of Village Hall, which has ever since not only supplied an essential need, but proved a source of no small profit to the village ; also the Town Farm, where our poor, whom we "always have with us," find a comfortable asylum. And while acting as one of the "Fathers of the town," which he did for several years, it is far within the truth to say that more was accomplished by way of opening new streets, improving old ones, extending and repairing sidewalks, providing suitable drainage, and improving the external and sanitary condition of the village, than was ever effected' in the same length of time be- fore or since. These, and nameless kin- dred enterprises, show the creating, shap- ing and fostering hand of Mr. Wells, and generations yet to come will share the ben- efits of his generous and self-denying labors. Nor did he shrink from assuming his full proportion of the burdens of these public improvements, for the records of each one will testify to an outlay of time, labor and money which furnish the best possible guaranty of good faith, and which show a degree of liberality entirely dispro- portioned to his means. And while the more conservative portion of the commu- nity looked upon some of his enterprises as visionary and impracticable, time is rapidly demonstrating that his only misfortune was to be but a tithe as far in advance of the times as his critics were in the rear. Though the general practice of the law was abandoned on coming to Montpelier, Mr. Wells nevertheless retained his con- nection with the bar, making a specialty of insurance law and practice. He was in- dustrious and thorough in the preparation of his cases, and sought for the solid ground of equity, which he regarded as the very essence of law. Some points of in- surance law of the first importance became permanently settled through his instru- mentality. In politics Mr. Wells was an unwaver- ing Democrat, thoroughly imbued with the principles of the schools of Jefferson and Jackson. He was unskilled in the party tactics of modern times, and might well have said, with Addison : " Believe who will the artful shams— not I." However, he followed the fortunes of his party, and the esteem in which he was held by his associates is well certified by his having been made at different elections their candidate for Congress, State Treas- urer and Presidential elector, and also chosen a member of the State Committee and chairman of the District Committee. He was also made a candidate for various county offices. His party being uniformly in the minority, however, he received no elections to office save such as were con- ferred by his political opponents ; but in such esteem was he held that for many years he was chosen a selectman, town agent and justice of the peace. The leading traits of Mr. Wells' char- acter were well stated by one of the local papers at the time of his decease : " Montpelier had no better citizen than Samuel Wells. Honest in all his convic- \m^\ ■"s._ \ MONTPELIER. 487 tions and actions ; public-spirited and lib- eral in all projects for the general good ; favoring all improvements that promised to enhance the prosperity of the town ; very generous in aiding all objects of char- ity ; ever ready to assist those who were trying to assist themselves ; careful in form- ing opinions, and then courageous in avow- ing and standing by them ; a considerate and kind-hearted man, a true friend, an excellent neighbor, an affectionate husband and father, he was one of those whose true worth will be more and more realized as time develops what was lost when he was taken. His proudest monument will be that all are fully justified in speaking well of him, and that he was really an honest man — "the noblest work of God." Than this, no higher eulogy can be given any man." Though not a communicant, Mr. Wells was a habitual attendant and liberal sup- porter of Bethany church. For many years he served upon its prudential com- mittee, and had the custody, as surveyor, of its church edifice. In Sept. 1854, Mr. Wells was married to Mary P. Leslie, of Newbury, who, to- gether with two daughters, survives him, a son having died in childhood. Jan. 31, 1878, before completing his 57th year, Mr. Wells died — prematurely, as the record runs and as the world judges ; but " We live in deeds, not years ; in tlioughts, not breatlis ; In feelings, not in figures on a dial. He most lives Who tliinks most, feels the noblest, acts the best." Judged by this standard. "The hand of the reaper Sought the ears that were hoary." J- HON. JOHN SPALDING, son of Reuben Spalding of Sharon, born 1790, died April 26, 1S70, in his 8ist year. He came to Montpelier in 18 13, and en- tered into trade for himself, and afterwards was a partner in the firms of Chester Hub- bard & Spalding, Langdon & Spalding, Langdon, Spalding & Co., and John & Charles Spalding, retiring from mercantile employments in 1840, after which he spent much of his time in agricultural pursuits. He married a daughter of Hon. Salvin Collins, who bore him two sons and three daughters, John and Eliza now [1881] only surviving. Judge Spalding was a large and good looking man, of a kind disposition, and exxessively affectionate to his children. His integrity was undoubt- ed, and so earned for him the responsible offices which he held. He was some time Director and President of the old Bank of Montpelier, and also President of the Ver- mont Mutual Fire Insurance Company, Judge of Washington County Court 1840, and State Treasurer 1841 to 1846. MAJ. RICHARD W. HYDE was born in Lebanon, N. H., Oct. 11, 1801, died in Montpelier Nov. 13, 1865. He came of good stock, which contributed many good men to this State, Lieut. Elihu Hyde having served as representative for Lebanon in our Legislature 1781, under the second union with New Hampshire towns, and been commissioned as a mag- istrate. Maj. Hyde came to MontpeHer in 1828, and lived thereuntil his death. The following account of his business life, and beautiful tribute to his character, from the pen of the late Hon. C. W. Willard, writ- ten in Nov. 1865, will make the best biog- raphy of this worthy man. " Some 35 years ago Major Hyde came to Montpelier and embarked in mercantile business, which he followed without inter- ruption and with well-merited success up to the time of his death — at which time he was senior partner of the firm of Hyde, Foster & Co., a house of the first respecta- bility and prosperity. The gradual but steady success which attended the busi- ness life of Mr. Hyde through, all those years which brought vicissitudes to perhaps most of his cotemporaries, was the result of no tricks of trade or hazardous specula- tion ; but the legitimate fruit of enlighten- ed judgment and honorable dealing. And his example in this respect, now bequeathed to the junior members of the firm, is a rich legacy in itself, and a sure harbinger of success if properly followed. " But Mr. Hyde's business habits in no degree rendered him indifferent or narrow- minded in respect to the best interests of our community. No man among us more heartily seconded all enlightened plans to promote the material interests and pros- VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. parity of the town — to improve our schools — to build and support our churches — to meet the calls of general benevolence and charity, and especially to supply the neces- sities of the poor. " In his political associations Mr. Hyde was a life-long democrat ; but with him democracy meant patriotism, and he re- fused to follow any banner but the flag of his country. And during the late war no man in the community labored more earnestly or contributed more freely than he to furnish men and means for bearing that loved banner onward to victory and peace. Thank God that he lived to see the desire of his heart granted ! "Mr. Hyde himself was no stranger to bereavement. Death had repeatedly vis- ited his family, and stirred to their very depths the deep fountains of his nature. But his great, loving heart, so susceptible of grief, turned as if by superior attraction to the still greater and more loving heart of the Father of us all ; and here he found, not only consolation in his grief, but a firm foundation for his religious creed, in the confident belief that the Infinite God, who desires the salvation of all, will bring them in His own good time and manner to the joys of His heavenly home. "The home of Mr. Hyde was proverbially the abode of hospitality and good cheer. Here all ages and conditions found a com- panion and friend. Here the benevolence and geniality of his nature were fully de- veloped, and from this central .sun influen- ces of love and good will radiated through all the community. To his beloved fami- ly the loss is unspeakable — inconceivable. We offer no word of consolation, for vain is the help of man. The profound respect and sympathy of the community was appro- priately manifested on the occasion of the funeral, by the closing of our places of business, and the attendance of a large concourse of people to mingle their tears with the bereaved, and testify their grief that the manly form, the pleasant smile and the cheering voice of our departed friend would be seen and heard among us no more forever. " As we conveyed the mortal remains of our departed brother to their chosen rest- ing-place in our beautiful Cemetery, toward the close of a pleasant autumn day, with the partially-veiled sun sinking tranquilly to his rest, and committed "earth to earth and dust to dust," commending his spirit to Him who is the Resurrection and the Life, — we could but inwardly exclaim — " Be thy virtues with the living. And thy spirit ours," Maj. Hyde first engaged in the bakery business as junior member in the firm of Cross & Hyde, and this was followed by the large mercantile business above allud- ed to. He left, surviving, a son, Edward D. Hyde, who has succeeded to his fath- er's business, and two daughters — all borne to him by Sarah L., youngest daughter of the late Jacob F. Dodge of Montpelier. JAMES T. THURSTON. BY nOX. C. W. WILLAKD. The death of James Tottingham Thurs- ton, long a resident of Montpelier, de- mands of the public journalist more than the mere mention of his decease ; and per- haps here, even more than ordinarily hap- pens with men of equal worth, because he never by any ostentation of virtue seemed to challenge commendation, is it proper that we should recognize the value of a life singularly industrious, honest and tem- perate, successful in its connection with business interests and public concerns, dear to those who had the pleasure of his friend- ship, and made happy by the love of those who enjoyed the affection of his home. Mr. Thurston was the son of Moses Thurston and Hannah Bolton Thurston, and was born in Cambridge, Vt., Feb. 19, 18 1 8. His father was a farmer, and the education of which the son had the bene- fit at home was only such as a youth of quickness of intellect could obtain in the common schools of the town, at a time when such schools could hardly be called institutions of learning, but only served to give boys an acquaintance with the rudi- ments of knowledge. He came to Mont- pelier when he was 15 years of age, living with his brother-in-law, Henry W. Sabin, and serving part of the time as his clerk, MONTPELIER. 4^9 attending for two or three years the dis- trict school during the winter months, and possibly a term or two at the academy. His after life, however, served to show how little the fitness for responsible po- sitions and ability to do well everything that a prominent business man and citizen has to do, depends upon the learning of the schools. In 1838, he was employed as clerk in the Vermont Mutual Fire In- surance Company, where he performed his work so satisfactorily, that in 1842 he was made treasurer of the company. This position he occupied — with the exception of a period of 14 months in 1850-51, when he acted as secretary of the National Life Insurance Company — for 32 years. At the time he was made treasurer, Daniel Baldwin was president of the company, and such men as Joseph Reed, Joseph Howes, John Spalding and George Worth- ington were active directors. The com- pany then, though well established, was doing a small business in comparison with what it afterwards commanded, and no small share of its subsequent success is due to the faithful and intelligent labors of its treasurer. In 1874, Mr. Thurston was made president, succeeding Mr. Baldwin, who had held the office 34 years. In 1877, he resigned the office on account of his in- creasing infirmity, which made even its lightest duties a severe tax upon his strength. Mr. Thurston was, besides his connec- tion with the Fire Insurance Company, a director of the National Life Insurance Company from 1852, until his death, and for nearly the whole time a trusted and continually-consulted member of its finan- cial committee. He was also a director of the First National Bank of Montpelier from its organization, and his acquaintance with men and affairs and his prudent judg- ment made him a valuable officer. He was at different times clerk, selectman and lister of Montpelier, and latterly for many years a favorite presiding officer in town and public meetings. In politics Mr. Thurston was, until 1861, a democrat, and associated with such dem- 62 ocrats as Paul Dillingham, Daniel Bald- win, Chas. G. Eastman, T. P. Redfield, Charles Reed, John A. Page, Stephen Thomas and W. H. H. Bingham. He was the candidate of that party for state treas- urer from 1856 to i860. Since the com- mencement of the rebellion in 1861, he has acted and voted with the republican party. He was not, however, either as democrat or republican, a zealous partisan, but al- ways held his opinions of public men and measures subject to his intelligent estimate of their real worth without much respect for their party labels. Mr. Thurston united with the Congrega- tional church in Montpelier, where he had formerly worshipped, in 1858, was a mem- ber of its communion at his decease, and a regular attendant upon its services when his health permitted. His religion was a matter of judgment rather than of emotion, a belief in the present value of an upright life rather than in the saving power of ecstatic states of mind or unreasoning faith in creeds — in short, an intelligent, con- sistent, exemplary, practical Christianity, a Christianity that believes the road to Heaven should be traveled not on Sundays alone, but on other days in the week as well. In 1843, Mr. Thurston was married to Fanny W. Witherell, of Montpelier, who died in 1865, leaving one son, John B. Thurston, now a respected citizen of Montpelier. Afterward, Mr. Thurston married Mrs. Sevira J. Currier, of Mont- pelier, who survives him. His home was a delight to him and to those under its roof, a place to which he always turned with fondness and longing when away, a home now darkened by the shadow of death. It may justly be said of Mr. Thurston's life that it was calm and steady, flowing like the current of a river that, between even banks, keeps its quiet course to the sea. He was a conservative rather than a reformer, but conservative more in action than in thought, as often happens with men of a temper seldom stirred by the heats of passion or emotion ; but no gen- uine reform that commended itself to the 490 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. sober judgment ever lacked his sympathy or support. Rev. Mr. Hincks, in remarks at the funeral service, said that Mr. Thurston was not aggressive in his re- ligion ; and he might have said with equal justice that he did not belong to the ag- gressive type of man. He was not of the men who found states and conquer king- doms, but of the other equally valuable men who hold fast the progress already made, yet never refuse to advance when new ideas open the way. He had a lively sense of humor, a rare appreciation of the ridiculous, was a keen observer of men, en- joyed a good story and told one exceeding- ly well, and was genial and witty as well as philosophic and thoughtful in conversa- tion. He was quick to see the force of logic, just and intelligent in his estimate of his associates and the men of his time, always- giving countenance and aid to every work that met his approval, liberal in contribu- tions to all benevolent objects, ready to aid with his labor and his purse every en- terprise that contributed to the growth, the reputation and the influence of his town, faithful to his many friends, and not unjust to his few enemies. He had a ju- dicial temper of mind, that peculiar excel- lence which commands respect rather in the long run than in moments of excitement and the heat of controversy, that calmness that not seldom frets impatient minds be- cause it does not jump with their conclu- sions and run with their speed, but which always proves its worth and vindicates itself as time wears on. He loved life, and had joy in living. In his long struggle with disease, he would gladly have wel- comed returning health, for the delight he always found in seeing the faces and hear- ing the voices of his friends, for his love for the sweet pleasures which nature in a hundred ways offered to him, and for the sense of being a part of a living, moving world. Yet he met his death patiently, without vain regrets, mourning most of all that with those he loved so well he should no more from our breezy hills look out on the fair pictures that summer and autumn spread over our mountains and along our valleys, nor hear the "various language" which nature addresses to him who, in love of her, "holds communion with her visible forms." The writer of this notice cannot forbear adding to this imperfect sketch an expres- sion of his own high esteem for Mr. Thurston, and his sense of personal sorrow at his death. An acquaintance for more than a score of years, much of the time familiar and friendly, had revealed many of his excellent qualities of mind and heart, but three months spent last winter with him in a far-away, sunny valley of the Ozark mountains, and the daily de- lights of a cordial, frank, confiding com- panionship, ripened this friendship of so many years into a warm personal attach- ment that will ever be a treasured memory to him who survives. From the Resolutions passed by the Vt. Mutual Fire Ins. Co. after his death, we give: Be it resolved, we deeply feel and mourn the loss of James T. Thurston, our true friend and associate, whose upright de- portment, integrity of character, good judgment and usefulness as a citizen en- deared him to all, especially to us who knew him so well. May his many virtues be ever cherished by us, and be an exam- ple for those that follow him. May we re- member in the words so often quoted by him, " 'Tis not all of life to live, nor all ot death to die." And from the resolutions passed by the National Life Insurance Co: Resolved, that we sincerely mourn and profoundly regret the death of our friend and associate, James T. Thurston, whose quick perception, great caution, sound judgment, unblemished character, and per- fect integrity, together with other credit- able qualities of his head and heart, have endeared him to us for many years. His many virtues will be long remembered by us the survivors. ''May he rest in peace.'"' JOSEPH W. WHEELOCK. [From .an article by Hou. CuAiiLES W. Willard in the Green Moiuilain Freeman of Marcli 1, J87fi.] Joseph Wilson Wheelock, who died at his home in Berlin, Feb. 23, 1876, was born in Eden. His father, Martin Whee- lock, had 5 sons and 2 daughters. Joseph had a common school education, and when MONTPELIER. 491 about 18 entered the office of the SL Al- bans Messenger, learned the printer's trade; remained till Aug., 1847; then worked at his trade in the office of the Green Mountain Gazette, at Bradford about 5 years, and came, Feb., 1852, to Montpe- lier, as foreman into the office of the Green Mountain Freeman, of which the late Hon. D. P. Thompson was proprietor and editor, and remained in charge of that office, as foreman, during the proprietor- ship of Judge Thompson, and that of S. S. Boyce, and from April, 1861, to Jan., 1869, while Mr. Willard owned the paper. Mr. Boyce, during his ownership of the Free- tnan, purchased the subscription list, and became the publisher of the Vermont Christian Messenger, and the Messenger has been published at the Freeman office since that time. Jah., 1869, Mr. Whee- lock became a half owner of the Freeman and Messenger subscription list and print- ing establishment, and from that time had the entire management of the business of the office, and the practical management of the papers until Jan., 1873. when he purchased Mr. Willard's remaining inter- est in the business, and became and re- mained managing editor and proprietor until his decease. Mr. Wheelock's active life was in the printing office, and was identified with his craft. Few men have had a busier life, or one into which more work has been crowd- ed. For many years subject to an infirmi- ty which made office work often painful, he never shirked any of the responsibili- ties of his position, but often insisted, against the remonstrance of his employers on undertaking work that could only be done by giving his own labor at unusual hours. In that respect, he always held his personal comfort subordinate to his devo- tion to the business in hand. He seemed more solicitous to make his service for others profitable, than to spare himself, and when he became owner of the print- ing establishment, almost for the first time began to take an occasional rest from the exacting duties of the office ; yet never, until compelled to keep away by his final illness, quite surrendered an immediate supervision, as in the former days when, as foreman, no detail of the work escaped his notice, and his hand was ready at the case, at the make-up, or at the press, as the exigency might require. He seemed to have no ambitions out- side of his profession ; yet he had, un- doubtedly, the aspiration of the true men of his profession to become the owner and manager of an influential newspaper, and he deservedly reached that position. But, unfortunately, his strength was then too much broken by the gathering forces of the disease that he had fought against so stoutly for years, to admit of his doing for the papers he managed, what he would otherwise have clone. He appeared to an- ticipate this, and hesitated as to the pur- chase of Mr. Willard's half of the paper, because he feared his health was gradually but surely failing him, and finally made the venture rather to establish his sons in business than on his own account. With the valuable acquaintance with public men and public affairs which his long connec- tion with a newspaper at the Capital of the State gave him, and with the higher education as an editor, which an intelligent man gets in a printing office better than anywhere else, Mr. Wheelock was as well fitted to be the manager of a leading Ver- mont newspaper as any person in the State ; but the printing department drew him quite too much away from the edito- rial room for • his own reputation as a writer and editor. While Mr. Willard was editor of the Freeman, Mr. Wheelock wrote many articles for which others got undeserved credit, some of them having been copied as widely and with as much appreciation as anything ever written for the Freeman. His style as a writer was clear, graceful in turn of expression, and forcible and pointed enough to leave no doubt of his meaning, a compliment that cannot always be paid to editorials in either country or city newspapers. He had, moreover, what his readers will call to mind, a vein of wit and humor in idea and expression, which made some of his 492 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. descriptive articles highly enjoyable, and established for him a reputation among his contemporaries as one who had few equals and no superiors in that really difficult, yet very popular kind of newspaper writ- ing. If he had devoted himself, as he was often advised, more to editing his paper and less to printing it, he would have achieved a reputation second to that of no editor in the State, and would very likely have prolonged a life in a large de- gree useful to his friends and to the public. Mr. Wheelock's residence, for most of the time he was connected with the Free- tnan, was just on the south side of the Winooski river in Berlin. He was for a long time clerk and treasurer of that town, and represented it two years in the legis- lature. He was one of the most trusted advisers of the authorities of the town, was ever solicitous for its interests, and, ap- parently without effort to become so, was influential in all town matters. In the politics of the town and of the county his judgment and advice were always prudent and wise, and wene listened to and followed as often and as far as those of any other man. A robust common sense, a quick understanding of men, a plain and direct method of dealing with men and meas- ures, a faithfulness and integrity in his associations which made others believe in him and trust him, were the elements of character which gave him strength with his fellows, and won for him the good name which he enjoyed and merited, but he was almost bashful in his modesty, and was best known for the really strong man he was by his intimates and those who sought his advice. * * * fhe strug- gle and the pain, as well as the joy and hope, of life for him are over, while yet he was scarcely past the prime of his years ; but he performed each day the duty the day brought with it ; and what better epitaph can the longest life win for its close ? Mr. Wheelock married Laura E. Phil- lips, who survives him, and he leaves two sons and a daughter trained to his own calling. * * * HON. CHARLES W. WILLARD. BY II. A. HUSE. [From the Green Mountain Freeman of Wednesday, Juiu' 9, 1880.] Mr. Willard died Monday night, at twen- ty-five minutes after twelve. Sunday he was about his room, as he has never failed of being for years, though his hold on life has been so slender, but began failing, and from that time sank rapidly. His mind had all its native clearness till within three or four hours before his death, when he became unconscious. Charles Wesley Willard was the son of Josiah Willard and Abigail (Carpenter) Willard, and was born in Lyndon, June i8, 1827. He graduated at Dartmouth college in 185 1, and soon after leaving college, came to Montpelier, where he studied law in the office of Peck & Colby, and was ad- mitted to the Washington County Bar in 1853. He became a partner of Ferrand F. Merrill for a time after his admission. In 1855, '56, he was secretary of state, and after that declined a re-election. In i860, '61, he was a member of the senate for this county. In the latter year, he became editor and proprietor of the Free- ffian, and so remained until 1873. About 1865, he for a time was in Milwaukee, Wis., in the editorial chair of the Sentinel. And during his later years his pen has not been idle, as some of the leading journals of the country could say. The columns of this paper have also been favored now and then by good doctrine and wise words over his well-known initials. In 1868, Mr. Willard was elected to congress, and represented this district from Mar. 4, 1869, to Mar. 4, 1875. He was laborious in legislation, as in all things, and his congressional work told on his constitution, and since his retirement he has been in very delicate health. Visits to Colorado and elsewhere failed to re- establish his health. But he was not a man to give up or rust out, and last year he accepted an appointment as one of the commissioners to revise the statutes. Col. Veazey, the other commissioner, having gone upon the bench, the burden of the work fell upon Mr. Willard. He took it. O^Oj-Zc/-^^^^^^.^ MONTPELIER. 493 and the work was done and well done — the copy all prepared, and about three- fourths of it put to press under his super- vision — before he was taken away. He liked to work ; like any good workman he knew he could do good work, and we re- joice to know that the activities of the past year cheered his last days with the thought and knowledge that he was yet doing a man's work among men. Of Mr. Willard's home life here in Montpelier, among his neighbors and friends, we need not speak. He was known of his townsmen, and many more had per- sonal knowledge of his straightforward kind- ness than the casual observer of his re- served ways would ever suspect. He was a member of the Bethany Congregational church. In 1855, he married Miss Emily Doane, daughter of Hezekiah H. Reed. Mrs. Willard has left with her four chil- dren : Miss Mary, Ashton R. (who grad- uated at Dartmouth last year), Eliza May, and Charles Wesley. Mr. Willard leaves a. brother, A. J. Willard, of St. Johns- bury, and a sister, Mrs. Hannah Flint, of Concord, N. H., surviving him. To say the things that should be said of Mr. Willard, we are not able. To say the truth, and not to say that which to those who did not know him might seem to come from affection instead of judgment, from the heart and not from the head, is a hard task. But the people of Vermont, and especially those who for so many years knew through the columns of this paper Mr. Willard's every day thoughts, will make no mistake in this matter. They will know that when it is said he was the " first citizen of the State," the words are words of truth and soberness, and not those of over-zealous friendship. He had their well-deserved esteem, con- fidence, and indeed affection. The quali- ties that gave the.se to him were not those of the " magnetic " order. He captivated by no studied arts, by no assumed effu- siveness of manner, but rather in spite of the total lack of those too common attri- butes. He was refined, scholarly ; in manner as in mind, he was the gentleman. Mr. Willard had this good judgment of his fellow-citizens, and with it their affec- tion, as any one may find who will go among the people of the State in the vil- lages and on the farms, because of the honesty of his purpose and of his act, be- cause of his fearlessness in maintaining what he thought was right and because of the strength which was in his fearless blow. A private citizen in after years, and hold- ing to life by the lightest thread, he was looked to for counsel by those in the full strength of manhood, and honored by a following of his thought which fails to come to mo.st of those in high places. Hislater life taught well the lesson that "the post of honor is the private station." To give even the briefest history of Mr. Willard's work would require much time and labor. To give even what he did while in congress the merest mention would require time and space and study that are not at command. He was a care- ful legislator, and one whose counsel bore fruit in the halls of legislation when given. When he spoke, he spoke for effect on legislation, and that, at times, he was overborne was because he stood up against friend and foe when he thought what they wanted was wrong. Had he always thought with his party, had he always consented to costly schemes which fellow-members urged, instead of always standing for what he believed was right, and trying to head off unnecessary appropriations, he might have been more popular in con- gress — he could not have been more useful. But he did as he did, and he did well. For it is better to have lived as he lived, to leave as he left a good name, that will for many a year be held as the synonym of that which is pure, right and devoid of fear or shadow of turning — a name that represents an ideal manhood — than to have had continuance in or accession of public station. His life was an honor to his State and a good to those who knew him. MAHLON COTTRILL, in every sense of the word a Vermonter, was born in Bridport in 1797, his life thus dating back almost to the birth of the State. He came to Montpelier in 1826, 494 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. and went into the employ of Watson Jones, who was then running a line of stages be- tween Montpelier and Burlington. Atthat time the line between Montpelier and Royalton was opened by Ira Day, of Barre, and Samuel Blodgett, of Royalton. Day and Cottrill soon bought out Jones, and together established what became the great central stage route through the State, and the main thoroughfare for travel between Montreal and Boston, and con- tinued such until the advent of railroads in this part of the State. He was an ex- tensive mail contractor, favorably known at the Post-office Department at Washing- ton. While engaged in the stage busi- ness, he purchased the Pavilion hotel at Montpelier, which he kept until 1856, when he sold it to Col. Boutwell. Mr. Cottrill then purchased the residence next east of the Pavilion, which he owned at the time of his decease, and where he re- sided until 1861, when he, in company with other gentlemen, contracted to carry the United States mail from Kansas City to Santa Fe. He was at Kansas City, Mo., in the active superintendence of this line of stages, when he was attacked by a remittant fever, which terminated fatally, Oct. 1864. He married in 1822, Catherine Couch of Bath, N. H., a lady possessing in a remark- able degree the administrative abiUty which made her celebrated as a hostess, to which she added a frankness and heartiness of manner, which seemed to have no dis- guises, to despise pretence, and to be open as the day. She died at Montpelier in 1861. Mr. Cottrill was a successful man, and a person of superior common sense. What- ever he did, he did well, and had not much patience with one whose work was not done thoroughly and on time, and yet, never hurrying, never appearing anxious or ex- cited — a reticent, self-reliant man. As host of the Pavilion he was best known, both in and out of the State, far and wide, as the prince of landlords, and whose hotel was the traveler's as well as the sojourner's home. He seemed like a gentleman of the olden time, stately, yet not even cold in aspect, of unruffled tem- per and wonderful self-possession. He made for the Pavilion a most excellent character, and he got for himself, by his connection with it, a respect wider than the State, and eminently deserved. In Montpelier he was much esteemed. Almost the whole of his active life was passed here, and he was identified with all the interests which have aided to make the town what it is. His means, which his business sagacity and ability enabled him to accumulate, were spent liberally. He gave generously, but without ostentation, to every deserving charity, and to all ben- evolent and religious institutions ; and he was a ready helper of all public improve- JTlCntS. —Watchman Obituary. Jed. p. C. Cottrill, son of Mahlon Cottrill, born in Montpelier, graduated at Burlington College in 1857. He now lives in Milwaukee ; his profession, the law. Of him the Milwaukee News says, "he confessedly stands among the fore- most at the bar of Milwaukee County." And he was "at the 13th annual communi- cation of the Grand Lodge of Free Masons of Wisconsin, June 9, 1874, elected Grand Master." The productions from his pen, in the reports of the committee on foreign correspondence of the Grand Chapter of Wisconsin, are among the ablest and best in American Masonic literature. The other children of Mr. Cottrill are William, a famous hotel-keeper in the west ; George, a lawyer in New York city ; Lyman and Charles. COL. LEVI BOUTWELL was born in Barre, Feb. 5, 1802. He was early in life thrown upon his own resources, and thus acquired self-reliance, energy and perseverance. Having learned the spinner's trade, he followed it in Hartland and afterwards in StraiTord. Then going to Thetford, he bought an interest in a carding and cloth-dressing establishment, the buildings of which were swept away by a great freshet in 1828, leaving him penni- less. 'From 1830 to 1837, he was engaged in mercantile pursuits in West Fairlee. Meeting with poor success he tried hotel t>-f^fjZy^^£>^ MONTPELIER. 495 keeping, first in Lebanon, N. H., later in Chelsea, where he remained 5 years. He came to Montpelier in 1846, and leased the Union House, which stood on ground now occupied by the Church of the Mes- siah. Ten years later he became proprie- tor of the Pavilion, and for about 12 years served as its landlord. Then he rented it to others ; but it remained in his posses- sion till his death, March 27, 1874. His first wife was Miss Jerusha Peabody of Reading, by whom he had three children, two of whom are now living, — Harry Syl- vester, and Elizabeth Jane, the wife of Hon. T. R. Merrill. His second wife, married a short time before he came to Montpelier, was Miss Eliza Burbank, a sister of the late Silas Burbank of this place. She is yet living. For nearly a generation Col. Boutwell was actively and prominently identified with the interests of Montpelier. His po- sition as landlord of the leading hotel brought him into contact with large num- bers of influential men ; and his physical and mental characteristics were so striking that those who met him once were not likely to forget him. For almost half a century he was connected with the Mason- ic Order, and he held many positions of honor in that fraternity. From his youth he was an outspoken Universalist, although not trained in that faith ; and after having for many years assisted in the maintenance of churches not of his choice, he rejoiced in the opportunity of joining with others in organizing the Church of the Messiah, in Montpelier, of which he continued to be, during the rest of his life, one of its most enthusiastic and generous supporters. Goddard Seminary, in Barre, was largely indebted to his munificence. The Ver- mont Conference Seminary in Montpelier came in for a share of his benefactions. His hopefulness and energy, and resolu- tion, did much to make the Wells River Railroad an a.ssured fact. He was a man of remarkable force, both mental and phys- ical ; he belonged to the class of inspiring men, men who communicate their own strength to others; he was a man " born to command," a fact recognized in his elec- tion to the colonelcy of a regiment of mili- tia. In him we saw that paradox in hu- manity, a young old man, whose three score and twelve years strove in vain to quench the fire of his youth ; for, though for a year he had been somewhat enfee- bled, still he kept about his business till within some two weeks of his death, and did not take his bed till his last day. He was a man in whom there was no lukewarmness ; he was always either cold or hot, — a hearty hater and an ardent lov- er, a man of impulse, intensity, impetuos- ity, a man of head-long self-forgetting generosity, a quick-responding friend of the poor and needy, always vulnerable in his sympathies, a hater of cant, and shams, knaveries and deceptions, quick-witted and keen ; often coarse of speech, but kind of heart ; as one said of him, "made up rough side out;" — a man whose deed was frequently better than his word. In truth his word sometimes repelled men. He was often more forcible than polite, and no doubtfulness of mind, or fear of man ever led him to stop the current of his vehement speech till he could substi- tute a smooth phrase for the rough one that was on his tongue's tip. But those who knew him well discerned the man through the man7ier, and honored the rug- ged honesty, the bluff benevolence, the thorough-going truthfulness, the unawed independence, and the deep tenderness, too, which characterized him. GOV. ASAHEL PECK, A. M., LL. D. He was descended from Joseph Peck, who was in the twenty-first generation from John Peck of Bolton, Yorkshire county, England. Thus the genealogy of the Pecks has been traced as far back as, and probably farther than, that of any other Vermont family. Joseph Peck, the American ancestor of the subject of our notice, came from Hingham, England, to Hingham, Mass., in 1638. Asahel, third son of Squire Peck and Elizabeth Goddard, was born at Royalston, Mass., in Sept., 1803, and brought by his parents about 1 806 to Montpelier, who settled in what is known as East Montpelier. Receiving 496 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. the discipline of a farm until he was of age, the benefit of the common school, and fitting for college at Washington County Grammar School, he entered the University of Vermont, but in his senior term left college for a course of study in the French language in Canada. The incipient eminent judge and governor en- tered then upon the study of the law with his oldest brother, Nahum Peck, of Hines- burgh. Asahel Peck's name as attorney, at Hinesburgh, appears in Walton's Reg- ister for 1833, when he was thirty years of age. In that year he removed to Burling- ton, where all his professional life was spent. Doubtless his progress at the bar was slow, as he was not a man to push his way, but to honestly win it by merit. In- deed, a characteristic of him is that he was slow in everything, but in the end he was almost always sure to be right, and that he regarded as the only point worth gaining. He was a thorough and patient student, and a conscientious lawyer and judge. Possessing a tenacious memory, he held all that he had secured in years of study, and could instantly bring his great store of learning to bear upon any legal question presented to him. Touching his abilities as a lawyer, we cite an incident that oc- curred several years ago : The late Rufus Choate, who will be remembered as one of the most eloquent and eminent lawyers of Massachusetts, met Mr. Peck as an an- tagonist at the trial of an important case, and at its conclusion Mr. Choate was so astonished to find such a lawyer m Ver- mont, that he went to Mr. Peck and urged him vehemently to remove to Boston, as- suring him that he would win fame and fortune. No inducement, however, could move Mr. Peck ; having once made up his mind, nothing could change it. Burling- ton he had selected as the place to practice his profession, and Burlington it must and should be, and was. Of his reputation as a lawyer and judge, an eminent member of the bar declares that no man in New England since Judge Story has equalled Judge Peck in his knowledge of the com- mon law of England and the law of equity. As Governor, we can bear testimony that he was one of the very best that Vermont has ever had — thoroughly independent, prudent in every act, and carefully in- specting the minutest detail of everything presented for his official approval. Mr. Peck was a judge of the Circuit Court from 1851 until it ceased in Dec, 1857, and of the Supreme Court from i860 until 1874, when, it being understood that he had retired from the bench to a farm in Jericho, to renew the employments of his youth, he was elected Governor for the term 1874-1876. He was never married. Since leaving the executive chair, he has been often employed as counsel in impor- tant cases ; and doubtless, had his life been spared, would for some years more have shown himself as a grand master of the law. In speaking of the probable ac- tion of the Republican state convention of 1874, at which Judge Peck was nominated for Governor, the Watchman spoke of him in the following terms, which his course while in the gubernatorial chair fully vindicates : "The State would be honored by his selection for it. So long as Vermont designates such men as he is for its highest offices, it is not liable to the old Tory reproach against Republican government, which condemned republics ' not because the people elected their offi- cers, but because they elected unworthy and ignoble men to office.' He would be a worthy successor in the executive chair of Moses Robinson, Galusha, Palmer, Tichenor, Skinner, Williams, Van Ness, Royce and Hall, who were his predecss- eors on the bench. His name will evi- dently harmonize the diverse interests of the Republican party, and will reconcile all differences. It is not merely unobjec- tionable. It is in every respect honorable and fit to be made. His nomination would be followed by a triumphant elec- tion." Gov. Peck was a citizen of Montpelier 185s to 1875, 'iii'i fi'°"'' that time resided on his farm in Jericho, where he died May 18, 1879. E. p. w. [IiiserteJ by request. J Hon. E. P. Walton : Dear Sir — I thank you for the interest you are taking r < ^ 1 - \. \ MONTPELIER. 497 for the memory of my late brother, Gov. Peck. And withal you will recollect that he had A. M. added or prefi.xed to his name by the University of Vermont, and LL. D. by Middlebury College, and which is written on his $700 granite monument at Hinesburgh, and whose attachment to the people of Montpelier was never abated or withdrawn. Youvs Truly, Nahum Peck. carlos bancroft. [From the obituaries in the Argus and the Watchman at the time of his deatli.] Mr. Bancroft, who contributed much to make the town of Montpelier everywhere honored and honorable in business and fi- nancial circles, was born in Plainfield, this county, Mar. 20, 1809. At three years of age he lost both of his parents, and was brought up by Arthur Daggett of East Montpelier. He went to Massachusetts at 16 years and learned the stone-cutter's trade ; worked in the Navy Yard at Charles- town ; went to Norfolk, Va. Navy Yard and worked for a time, and returned to Mont- pelier. He engaged with his brother, Watrous, on the stone work of the second state house, afterward burned. Much of that exceptionally fine work, which was so much admired, was wrought by his hand. After this, he formed a part- nership with Geo. P. Ricker, and after the death of Mr. Ricker with E. C. Holmes, terminating after 25 years by the death of Mr. Holmes in 1870. The firm has since been C. Bancroft Qr' Son — Arthur D., the oldest son, being the part- ner. In 1839, Mr. Bancroft married a daughter of Col. Cyrus Johnson of Ber- lin, who was the mother of his children, and died Sept. 15, 1856. Feb. 3, 1858, he married Margaret Wallace, widow of John McLean, Esq., of Cabot, and sister of Dr. M. P. Wallace, who survives him. Of his 6 children but one survived, Frederick W. ; of the others, but two reached the age of maturity, his daughter Jennie, who married a Mr. Scott and died about two years after her marriage, and his oldest son, Arthur D. From his youth up, Carlos Bancroft was one of the leaders of the Democratic party here. Besides repeatedly filling various town offices, selectman, &c., he had, for (>2. many years, been an acting director and vice-president of the Farmers' Insurance Co., and a director of the Montpelier Na- tional Bank ; both were benefited largely by his prudent counsel and sound judgment. Though entirely successful in business, he never accumulated a dollar but by honora- ble dealing. His word was never called in question, and his opinion in matters of bus- iness generally put an end to all contro- versy. He was one of the building com- mittee of Christ Church, where he attended worship. In one word, as a citizen, neigh- bor, and friend, he was a man of large worth. He died of the insidious, slow old-fash- ioned consumption ; so insidious that none suspected the familiar face of one so uni- versally known and respected would be so soon removed from our thoroughfares and business places. Monday evening, he re- tired apparently in his usual health, for the last few months not his former robust health, a state of increasing feebleness, but which did not debar him from attention to his business. Early the next morning, he had a coughing fit in which he ruptured a blood-vessel ; hemorrhage ensued and be- fore the physician could be summoned he was dead. Age 67, Oct. 24, 1876. Arthur Daggett Bancroft, .son of Carlos, who had all the traits of his father, inherited consumption and died at 2)7 ■ He was one of the selectmen of the town, much esteemed by his townsmen in life, and left a very handsome estate. He married Ju- liette, daughter of Algernon S. Camp, form- erly of Montpelier, now of Chicago. They had children, who with his widow reside at Montpelier. watrous family in montpelier. Some sixty years ago Erastus Watrous, the hatter, lived on Main street, a very intelligent man, who worked quietly away at his trade many years, died Dec. 16, 1828, aged 54, and was buried in Elm street cemetery. Mrs. Erastus Watrous was a lady of much natural talent, and handsome per- sonal appearance. At the visit of Gen. La- fayette to Montpelier, in 1825, she was 498 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. selected and made the welcome address to the French general in behalf of the ladies of Montpelier. She died July 4, 1832, aged 40. Charles Watrous, a son of the hat- ter, born in Montpelier, graduated at Middlebury in the class of 1817. He read theology in Montpelier for a year after, and then learned the printer's trade of Walton ; but soon after went South, where he taught for a short time, and then relin- quishing teaching, worked at his trade for short intervals in different States. He at length became deranged, or partially so. While insane, he wrote and published in Troy, N. Y., a book on the craft and dan- gers of masonry. — For title of his work .see Montpelier bibliography by Gilman, page — . Soon after the issue of his book, he returned to Montpelier, where he stayed only a few months, and went to Concord, N. H., where he died, about 1835, by his own hand. Erastus B., sonof Erastus, Sen., astir- ring character, went to New Me.xico and became immensely rich. He is supposed to be still living. Sophia Watrous, daughter of the hat- ter, was born in Montpelier, and resided here till her marriage with Mr. Bemis, when she removed to Northfield. where she resided the last twenty years or more of her life. She embraced the Spiritualist belief some years before her death. She and her husband have both been deceased some years, now, and are buried at North- field. Before her marriage, while she re- sided at Montpelier, she published a small volume of her poems, which had the honor at least of being the first volume of poems written and published in the county. From Mrs. Sophia Watrous Bemis' little book, " The Gift," and the prettiest lines, we think, she ever wrote, a mortuary poem : THE IMBECILE. Child of misfortune, few liave sliared Sucli love as was tliiue own; And all along thy rayless path • A guiding star. It slioue. Aflfectlon changeless in excess When love and pity meet; And find on earth a resting place, A mother's breast the seat. It asks no aid of outn-ard charms Nor e'en the light of mind; It then becomes a holy thing; But few the pearl can find. Such love was thine, and eatth is poor The precious gift to buy; It wolte with thy young dawning life And caught thy dying sigh. And tender lives thy cherished thought ■Within that mother's breast; Affliction marked tliy course on eartli, Heaven guard thy peaceful rest. The imbecile was her brother. We are told the family were all odd or singular in their ways ; yet streaked with talent. They are all gone and have left no de- scendants but Erastus B. ed. HON. GEORGE WORTHINGTON, a native of Connecticut, came to Mont- pelier at an early day, married the youngest daughter of Col. Jacob Davis, and engaged in the hatting business with Erastus Watrous. He became a prominent man ; was high sheriff in 18 14, representative, 1819, councillor, 1827 to 1831, and judge of probate, 1840. Retiring from the hat- ting business to agriculture, on the farm now largely occupied by State, High and Middlesex streets, and residing in the present dwelling of Charles A. Reed, he was largely employed in the settlement of estates. He was a deacon of the First Congregational [Bethany] church from Feb. 7, 1 812, for about half a century, when he removed to Irasburgh, where he died, and also his two sons, JohnandHon. George, Jr., who was representative and senator from Orleans County. REV. ELISHA BROWN. formerly a member of the New Hampshire Conference, was born in Gloucester, R. I., May 14, 1802, anddiedin Montpelier, Feb. II, 1 88 1, in his 79th year. When about ten years old. his father moved to Sutton, Vt., where he lived until he was about thirty years of age. Early converted, in default of any Methodist society in his im- mediate community, he was for a season a member of the Freewill Baptist com- munion. His religious views, however, being Methodistic, of the most pronounced type, he subsequently connected himself with the Methodist church, and after spend- ing several vears in teaching, entered the .•-^?«^J ^^^r^^t^>-^2>t> MONTPELIER. 499 itinerant ministry of that denomination, joining the New Hampshire Conference at a time when it included all the territory of Vermont east of the Green Mountains. During the earlier period of his ministry he preached at Greensboro, Troy, West- field, Walden, Cabot and East St. Johns- bury, touching, meantime, the top and bottom of the toils and trials, joys and triumphs, of the itinerancy in very difficult fields at that early day. About forty years ago he moved, with his family, to New- bury, to give his children the benefit of the old Newbury Seminary. During his residence of fifteen years, or more, at that place, he supplied several churches in the vicinity of Newbury, also devoting much time to teaching. In the year 1855 he re- moved to Montpelier, and for several years supplied churches at East Montpelier, Wright's Mills and Berlin. He was the " stated supply " of the latter charge, in- deed, for nine consecutive years, during much of that time occupying, with his ven- erable mother, the old parsonage, and per- forming most acceptably all the duties of the pastorate. During the past ten or twelve years he has spent many months, from time to time, in the family of his son- in-law, the writer, and will be well re- membered at Monson, Brookfield, Danvers, and especially at Milford — supplying with great acceptance, during the writer's pas- torate at the latter place, the adjacent Mendon charge for the space of one year. For the last four or five years of his life, "in age and feebleness extreme," he " halted feebly to the tomb,"' tenderly cher- ished and cared for in the home of his son, Col A. C. Brown, Montpelier. Of the life, gifts and activities of Father Brown, much might be said. He was an instructive, sensible, and sympathetic preacher, and a most successful pastor. Very tall , and large and massive physically, his personal appearance, with his flowing, patriarchal beard, was very impressive. Exemplary in all his walk and character, and always ready for every good work in the interest of religion and humanity, being particularly ardent and active on temper- ance lines, he commanded the universal and affectionate esteem of all classes of citizens in the several communities where he labored. No teacher, or preacher, per- haps, was ever more fondly regarded or tendedy remembered. Hence his ser- vices to preside at weddings and on funeral occasions were in constant requisition. The aged were wont to seek his companion- ship, while the young and those in middle life looked to him for counsel ; and even little children always had a glad word and a pleasant smile for Father Brown, cheer- ing his last days by gifts of flowers, not more fresh and fragrant than the innocence and love of their sweet young lives that prompted these gifts. He warmly appre- ciated and very gratefully remembered all the kind and thoughtful attentions of neighbors and friends during his declining years. Though his life of nearly fourscore years brought to him his full share of burden- bearing, and responsibility, and physical suffering, and sorrow, he never wavered in his convictions, or shrank from any post of duty when dearly presented to him. Not only so, but endowed by nature with a fine vein of humor, his strong religious trust conspired with his very genial tem- perament to enable him, in the midst of all his troubles and sorrows, to maintain an untroubled serenity and cheerfulness. He was one of the sunniest and most kindly of men. Father B. was a great Bible reader, having, in the course of his life, read the Sacred Volume through scores of times. His favorite text, and one which in his later days he has been often heard, and with great fervor, to repeat, was : "I have been young, and now am old, yet have I never seen the righteous forsaken, nor his seed begging bread." — Ps. 37 : 2^. Over a quarter of a century ago Mr. Brown buried the companion of his youth. Three out of five children survive him. In the weakness of his last days he was con- stantly "waiting and watching" for the moment that should announce his happy release. Very quietly at last, as if he had laid him down to sleep, he entered into his final rest. Rev. N. Fellows, his pastor, on the occasion of his funeral, which was 500 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. very largely attended, gave a very compre- hensive, appropriate and impressive review of Mr. Brown's life and character, earnestly recommending to the church of which he was a member, and to all who knew him, to follow the example of his consecrated life. R. H. H. Mr. Brown was a member of the Masonic fraternity, and had taken the several de- grees up to and including the Knights Templar. He was a member of Aurora Lodge, No. 22, from the records of which we take the followins: : IN MEMORIAM. BRO. ELISHA BROWN, Born in Gloucester, R. I., May 14, 1802, Died at Montpelier, Vt. , February nth, 188: Aged 7S years and 9 months. Took his degrees in Aurora Lodge, No. 22, as follows : Initiated Feb. 8th, 1S69. Passed Feb. 15th, 1869. Raised Feb. 22d, 1869. Chaplain of Aurora Lodge, No. 22, From December 13, 1869, to April 15, 1S7S. ' Summoned from labor to refreshment. MAJ. A. L. CARLTON. Alfred Lathrop Carlton was born in Morristown, Lamoille County, in 1829. His father, Benjamin Franklin, and mother, Betsey Lathrop, a cousin of Daniel Web- ster, were married in Waterbury in 1826. Mr. Carlton was the eldest of four sons, of whom but one survives. His mother is still living, being 84 years of age. He ob- tained an excellent education, and was for some years a teacher. In 1854, he married Margaret, eldest daughter of Hon. Clark Fisk, of Eden, and removed to Montpelier, where he engaged in mercantile pursuits, which he steadily and succe.ssfully followed until the day of his death, with the ex- ception of a few years' absence in obeying the call of his country. In the summer of 1862, Mr. Carlton en- listed in the Eleventh Regiment, in camp at Brattleboro, and was soon commissioned by Gov. Holbrook as quartermaster of the regiment. This regiment, it will be re- membered, was for some time employed in the defenses of Washington. While thus engaged, Lieut. Carlton was promoted to the responsible position of commissary of subsistence, with the rank of captain. E.xceedingly capable and faithful as an officer, his field of duty was rapidly en- larged, until the immense work of furnish- ing supplies and cattle to the Army of the Potomac fell upon his shoulders. In a single trip to Western Pennsylvania, for the purchase of cattle, he took out half a million of dollars, and drew on govern- ment for another half million. To dis- charge promptly and efficiently the duties of his position, he required the assistance of from one hundred to two hundred faith- ful men, and often a detailed escort of as many more in taking herds to the front, and yet, so well organized was his depart- ment, so systematically conducted, and so well kept constantly in hand, that he might defy even the exigencies of war to find his account in an unsettled or unsat- isfactory condition. Indeed, so enviable was his reputation as an officer, that when Senator Collamer, through whose kindness he received his promotion, inquired at the headquarters in Washington after the standing of his appointee, the reply was, * "He is a model officer. His capacity, integrity, efficiency and invariable habit of closing up his affairs every day, are worthy of all praise." Mr. Carlton was also de- tailed for similar service in New York city, and at some southern points, being retained in service nearly a year after the general mustering out took place. Many were the bribes he refused during these years, saying, " I rather go home with a clear conscience." He was twice very dangerously ill ; once with his regiment, and again at Aquia Creek. As an attesta- tion of his honorable record as an officer, he was made Major by brevet before leav- ing the service, and that without any agency or knowledge on his part. Like hundreds of thousands of his asso- ciates, Mr. Carlton returned from the field of strife to assume the avocations and re- sponsibilities of a good citizen. Soon after his return, he made a public pro- fession of his faith in Christ, which he had long cherished, and united with Bethany ^y^^y. MONTPELIER. 501 church. From that time he was an active and influential member, holding various positions of honor and trust in both the church and society, and particularly in the Sabbath-school. He was a man of deep convictions and strong prejudices, and he would far sooner endure a sharp contro- versy than yield a point which he believed to be right. His natural frankness and freedom of speech was augmented by an instructive and overwhelming detestation of hypocrisy and duplicity. He was an earnest worker in temperance and all moral reforms. The same qualities which con- stituted his superiority as an officer in the army, marked his discharge of the various official trusts committed to him both in the church and community. Capacity, in- tegrity, system and promptness in under- taking and completing a given duty, were his prominent traits. He was a strong power for good in the community in which he lived. He died in Montpelier, May 29, 1874. ROBERT HARVEY WHITTIER was the son of John Whittier and Sally Edgerton, of Cabot, was born in that town June 16, 1822, and died at Montpe- lier Feb. 13, 1879. At the age of 21 years he came to Montpelier, under the friendly agency of the late Schuyler Phelps, Esq., of Berlin, and entered the service of the late William S. Smitb, who for many years conducted a meat market in this village. After spending three or four years in this position, he went for a brief period to Bos- ton, and then returned to Vermont and opened a meat market in St. Johnsbury. After the expiration of about a year, and upon the death of Mr. Phelps, the friend and patron of his youth, Mr. Whittier was married to his daughter, Susan C, and re- moved to the Phelps homestead, in Berlin, where he remained for seven or eight years. In 1858, he came to Montpelier and bought out the old and popular meat market of the late William B. Hubbard, "on the corner," which business he successfully and honorably conducted until the day of his death. The character of his business was such as to bring him a very extended acquaintance, and his proverbially genial nature and buoyant spirits made friends of all who knew him — insomuch that the business men of the town are few who were so extensively known or whose death would be so seriously felt. In the death of Mr. Whittier the community has lost a public spirited citizen, whose shoulders were always ready for his share of the bur- dens ; the poor a generous friend, the ex- tent of whose quiet charities will never be revealed in time ; the church of his choice a habitual attendant, and appreciative lis- tener and a ready and cheerful supporter ; his family the kindest of husbands and fathers. Mr. Whittier leaves a widow and son, who share the heartiest sympathy of the entire community. The funeral was observed on Saturday, Rev. Mr. Hincks, of Bethany church, officiating. A large concourse of people were in attendance, as were the Masonic fraternity in a body. — Watchman. THE DODGE FAMILY. In 181 1 two brothers, Jared and Thomas Dodge, who were born in New Hamp- shire, came from Barre to this town. Jared, the eldest of the two, early be- came a member of the Congregational church, and was a devoted member until his death. He married Naomi Olcutt, of Keene, N. H., and reared a family of 6 sons and 3 daughters, another daughter dying in infancy. Mary, the eldest, mar- ried for her first husband a Mr. Wallace, and for her second, William Storrs, for many years a merchant in town, who died in March, 1870. She was a Spartan mother, for she gave her two only sons to the late war, who were both sacrificed upon the altar of their country. (See the town military record.) Of the other daughters, Angelina and Abigail died when in their teens. Almira married, and is yet living. Of the sons, Theodore A., the eldest, was a very eccentric man. When the rebellion broke out, he offered his services to his country, but for age and disability was re- jected. We give an extract frorh one of his poetic effusions, to the tune, " Scots wha hae wi' Wallace bled" : so: VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. THK VEKMONT VOLUNTKER. Who for Freedom's cause and law. Freedom's swoiit of Justice draw. For the liopo that sajjcs saw, " Let hlui follow nio." By the blood our fitthers shed, Reekliijr In a gory bed. By till' ftreat Iiiiniorlal dead. On to victory I Be this Freedom's eaU to earth, Mindless of whate'cr their birth, I. el all people shout It forth. Rouse the world to arms! Here hath Freedom's sun arose. On the hearth-stone 'mid its foes. Flashing brlxht on ceaseless blows. Conflict and alarms. Blades are crossed and red with gore, Let us rise as those of yore. From the mountain and the shore. And relight their brands. Heroes sleepinfi 'ueath the sod. Shall time waken unto God, When 'tis only His the rod. Then shall right abide. He died in 1879, aged 65. Eleazerwent to California at an early day, where he yet resides. Oilman B. has been for many years janitor of Bethany church. Richard S. is the veteran of two wars. (See town military record of Mexican War and Rebellion.) At the battle of Chepul- tepec, Mexico, he was complimented by his officers for bravery in the storming of the fort. He was the first man to scale the walls, and when handing down the enemy's flag, received a bayonet wound in the face, which scar he carries to this day, as he does also several others received in action. When a boy he was dubbed with the title of " Shack," which he is familiarly known by to this day. To give all of the narrow escapes which he has passed through would fill a volume. He was never ' ' dared " but what he made the "attempt," I'egard- less of the result. The other two, Wm. and Joel, also reside in town. Jared died Mar. I. 1S59, in his 82d year, and his wife in Aug. 1877, in her 92d year. Thomas married twice ; had 4 children by his first marriage — i son and 3 daugh- ters, — Job Dodge, the son, died a year since, in Illinois, leaving a large estate ; — his second wife was Abby S. (Cady) Grant, by whom he had two daughters. He was for several years a partner with Silas C. French, in the boot and shoe business. He died March 31, 1867, aged 78. His wife is now living, at the age of 79. He is credited as being the author of the quota- tion of ".-^ long pull, a s/n>fii^ piiU, atui a pull altogether.'^'' We are informed that the late U. S. Senator Jacob Collamer being informed of this, asked him for his pic- ture, which upon receiving, had a portrait painted from it, and placed it in the Na- tional Art Gallery at Washington, D. C. GEORGE LAXGDON, fourth son of Col. James H. Langdon, was born in Montpelierin 18 15, and died there Nov. 10, 1870, aged 55 years. Educated in the schools of Montpelier, and having received a handsome patrimony, he early in life married Miss Sarah .Sumner, oldest daughter of Senator William Upham. Mrs. Langdon inherited the remarkable graces of her mother, and from the moment Mr. and Mrs. Langdon established themselves in a home, their gracious hospitality at orice attracted the best society, not only of Montpelier but of the State, and from other States. Mrs. Langdon had the ad- vantage of experiences in the best society in the national capital, and thus with her qualities was admirably fitted to shine so- cially. But it was not in polite society alone that Mr. Langdon was distinguished. He had a genial and generous heart, and knew the blessedness of giving to the poor. The late Rev. Dr. Lord wrote of him as follows : There are few of the prominent public men of Vermont who will not recall his genial presence and his modest and gener- ous courtesy and kindness. Placed by inherited wealth above the necessity of toil, and beyond anxiety, he has made the pleasant amenities and courtesies and hos- pitalities of life his business. He was as kind to the poor as he was hospitable to his own class associates. We have known him to drive in a cold, stormy day in win- ter, six miles, to carry to a desolate and aged widow, whose situation accidentally became known to him, a load of provisions ■ suited to her necessities. His heart was ever overflowing with neighborly kindness, and his hand ever quick to assist in any of the troubles of those around him. Few men will be more missed from our social life. Si- \ \ " "^w.. ^^T^ CL- ^^^X^^^^<-^ MONTPELIER. 503 ■ The tidings of his death will carry sor- row to many hearts, and few who knew him will not give the tribute of a warm and honest tear- to his memory. The places that knew him will miss his accus- tomed face, and will mourn for one of their most gentle and welcome visitants, and his many friends and associates will never for- get that presence, now made sacred by death, which always brought with it a most agreeable and genial atmosphere. MRS. JAMES R. LANGDON. [A brief of her funeral sermon by Dr. Lord, as the sweetest description that could be given, from this the sweetest of his printed sermons. We regret we have not space for the beautiful discourse en- tire. — Ed.] "She hath done wJiat she could.''' — Mark 14 : 3. It is a beautiful tribute to an af- fectionate woman. It was the simple ac- ceptance by the Son of God of a humble and fragrant nature which had bloomed out in hearty love for her Divine Lord. In this memorial service for one who has been the companion of " honorable women not a few " in this church and community, I may with propriety select these blessed words of our Saviour as most accurately descriptive of her character and work in life. I love not to lose from my sight the faces of my dear friends and parishioners. I love not to bid farewell to those endeared to me by a long and gentle ministration of kindness and help ; but if I must, . . it is with delight I may think and speak of them in such words as were consecrated by our Saviour to be the perpetual memorial of those noble women who, how- ever reserved and quiet and domestic, . . have yet in their place . . . earned for themselves, by their sweet and patient de- votion, the generous applause of the Son of God : "they have done what they could." What is the work of women in this world as sei'vants of the blessed Jesus? Have they influence peculiarly their own? If they are unfaithful is any one else able to take their place, and make our societies, our homes, our churches more and more like Heaven? . . . When I lookupon such pure, gentle, unostentatious women as Mrs. Langdon was ; upon those beautiful, honorable Christian women, not a few, who have lived among us, I cannot doubt how such questions will have their answer. Such women as have lived in this village as Christian mothers, wives and sisters, . . . whose names are embalmed with the spices of their own modesty and purity and love, with the fra- grance of their own faith and charities, give us some idea of the saintly work which Christ has given to women to do in this world, and of their surprising fitness to do it ; both to soften its asperities, to subdue its roughest and worst characters, and to carry the self-sacrificing ministry of the Son of Man into all of our human abodes. ... I love to think that our Saviour places the seal of his benison . . on the qualities of spiritual sincerity and gentleness ; on the possible graces of a quiet Christian life ; on the offerings of self-denying love. She hath done what she could. She hath adorned her station with the precious graces of tenderness and love. This is the central and most de- cisive test of the excellence of all char- acter, especially of those whose lives seem, but seem only, to be confined to a nar- rower sphere than pertains to manly life, secluded within the walls of domestic care and duty and love. . . . We all know how great loveliness and sweetness there are in personal offices of love. We are familiar with the . . . supremacy of personal relationship and bonds. The per- sonality of aifection just suits itself to our natural wants. A religion that did not provide for the exercise of the domestic and personal offices of love would lack hold on our human sympathies, and Christ has blessed the sex with which his incar- nated human life was alone positively affil- iated and related, by bestowing a peculiar honor upon the quiet duties of personal love. . . . The kindness which watches over our earliest steps, the voice which di- rects our first prayers and songs, ' the love which surrounds home with the charms of a regained Paradise, and fills the air of the household with the scent of violets and lilies, and with the perfume of personal service to the sick, the dying and the dead : these are the qualities and offices that meet the full benediction of Christ's word.' Our Saviour had a very blessed personal relation with many noble women when he was here. His personal influence on the womanly hearts around him can be clearly traced as His work went on. She whom all the generations will call blessed, who is the only human medium of the assumption of our nature by the Infinite God, gave Him his first caress and received his last words of human love. What a wonderful relation ! In which her heart glowed with incomparable love, adding the sacredness of a religious feeling to the wealth of a mother's affection ; in which his heart beat with an unwonted pulse, adding the ten- derness of human dependence, gratitude and trust, to the sentiments of celestial pity and love. Sacred type of all blessed 504 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. maternal and filial love ; which is ever di- vested of all the usual qualities of human passion and selfishness, and blends every- thing that is best and purest in the human with everything that is sweetest and holiest in the Divine. What her happiness must have been in the more than thirty years in which she had Him to herself as a deep wellspring of delight, watching over Him, waiting on Him, beholding His glory and believing that glad, prophetic hymn which her own lips had sung before He was born, as to "how her soul rejoiced in God her Saviour." And what a happiness there must have been in his long troubled heart for her sake, we have some glimpses in the words which broke from his dying lips to the dearest disciple and the legacy He gives to the beloved John, " Son, behold thy mother." The domestic life of Christ is veiled, but if that veil were lifted, doubt- less we should see how much his pure heart was strengthened by a ministry more sympathetic than that of the angels, how much a woman's hand soothed his spirit, and a mother's love solaced and helped his sorrows. We should see some of the blessed interchanges between the human mother and the Divine Son. But not from her alone did He have the ministry of personal kindness. A few devoted, grateful women waited upon Him all through his journeys. They gave him their enthusiastic sympathy in his work until the close of his life, and when He finished his suffering career on the cross, " Many women were there beholding and ministering unto Him." . . . Blessed were those daughters of Jerusalem, . . . who bewailed their King as he trod the wine-press alone. But did these women alone have the honor? The service of Christ was not their monopoly. They were the first fruits ; they were examples . . . not to be envied ; but to be imi- tated, by all their sisters who desire to know the unspeakable joy of Christian ser- vice, and they have been imitated. Faith works by love, . . . and its power has not failed since "Holy women," . in all the relations of life, in the lowly offices of Christian ministration, have filled the houses which they adorned as wives, mothers and sisters, with the outpoured fragrance of the graces of Christ, . . . and refreshed the hearts that trusted in them. Many sons have crowned their heads with blessings. Their husbands have praised them in the gates of the city. They have made the deserts of this rough and arid life green as the land of Elim, and woven their precious golden threads through the whole fabric of society till it has brightened with the warmest and deep- est colors. Eternity alone can measurfe the influence of a virtuous woman ; a true- hearted daughter ; a loving sister ; a faith- ful wife; a devoted mother. Her price is above rubies. The heart of her husband safely trusts in her. She stretcheth her hand to the poor I need not say the memories I cherish of Mrs. Langdon have colored and im- pressed all these thoughts which I have spoken to-day. . . . She was a Chris- tian wife and mother, who consecrated her life to her holy domestic mission. . . She made her home fragrant with the per- fume of piety and love The thanks of the poor she has blessed ; the tributes of the sick she has visited ; the sweetness of the charities she has bestowed throng to make the fading light of her evening tranquil and beautiful. Mrs. Langdon has resided here 38 years. She was the daughter of Mr. Charles Bowen, of Middlebury, whose life has not been unknown to us, and who, at his great age, remains to mourn over his daughter, and to look for the welcome she will give him to his long looked for home. She was married Dec. 22, 1836. Not long after, she united with the church whose welfare she has never for a moment for- gotten. . . . To those who die in the Lord, death is only the gate ; its iron side turned toward us, its golden side turned the other way. w. h. l. Mrs. Langdon was LucyPomeroy Bowen, born Sept. 29, 18 14, at Northfield, Mass., and died Aug. i, 1873. Her children were : Lucy Robbins, born Apr. 10, 1841 ; Har- riet Frances, February 2, 1845 ; Elizabeth Whitcomb, Apr. 6, 1847 ; James Henry, Apr. 9, 1851. THE GEORGE W. BAILEY FAMILY. I think no couple have ever contributed to Montpelier more stalwart, energetic, suc- cessful and popular men than did the late Hon. Geo. W. Bailey and his wife, a sis- ter of Hon. Abel K. Warren of Berlin. They were both natives of Berlin, but spent most of their active life in Elmore, where their children were born, but, until the senior Bailey's death, resided in Mid- dlesex, on the border of Montpelier. George W. Bailey, Jr., was the first to depart, in early manhood. He had adopted the law as his profession, was Secretary of State for four years, which at- tested his fidelity in that office, married Georgiana, daughter of the late Col. Thom- MONTPELIER. 505 as Reed, but was soon stricken down by consumption, dying inMontpelier, July 13, 1864. Charles W. Bailey was one of the firm of Bailey Brothers, active and shrewd business men of Montpelier, engaged main- ly in furnishing horses, cattle and sheep to Boston markets, where his attendance was regular, and by his fine personal presence and bluff but genial manners he was a fa- vorite. While attending personally to the care of sheep on a freight train at Essex Junction, he was instantly killed, Sept. 23, 1876. More than a thousand people honored him, when his remains were brought to Montpelier to be borne to his home. Mr. Bailey left a widow, two sons and a daughter. His age was 45- J. Warren Bailey, the oldest of the brothers, was also a member- of the firm for several years, and was also largely em- ployed in civil offices in the town, in which, as in his own business, he was very effi- cient. He died of a brief illness, April 21, 1880, aged 56. He left a widow and two daughters. The Boston Jo7iriial said : He was a brother of T. O. Bailey of the Pavilion, a member of the firm of Bailey, Bullock & Co., commission merchants, Chicago, and of V. W. Bullock & Co., Burlington, Iowa, grain dealers. Mr. Bai- ley was in the grain business at Montpelier, a Director in the savings bank, and has held several town offices. He was univer- sally liked and was very liberal in the use of his large property. He was the eldest of six brothers, three of whom now survive him, and was widely known. The Watchman n^-i^oiyiA) MONTPELIER. 507 Mr. Eastman continued to prosper in his newspaper and political affairs. His paper was the leading Democratic organ of the State. We quote from the George R. Thompson and Gilman biography, prefac- ing the last volume of his poems (1880.) It is as the conductor of this journal that he is the most widely remembered among politicians ; and he managed it with an ability and faithfulness that secured it a reputation and influence seldom possess- ed by a country newspaper. His writings in this paper were in accordance with the character of the man, — direct, incisive, and earnest. He never hesitated to say what- ever was true, if it were proper to be said ; and in his exposures of the errors or frauds of his opponents he employed intellectual weapons of the sharjDest and most cutting kind. His arguments were convincing, his logic clear, and his convictions were stamp- ed with truth. His paper was not in any way pre-eminent as a literary one. It might be supposed, judging from his al- most idolatrous love of literary pursuits, that his journal would have been more prominent in that respect ; but he never seemed ambitious to make it so. These inclinations were gratified in another way. Though a member of a political party never in the ascendancy in Vermont, he occupied many influential official positions. He was a leading member of the Democratic Na- tional Conventions of 1848, '52, '56 and '60, and at the time of his death was a prominent member of the National Demo- cratic Committee. In 1852, '53, he was a senator of Wash- ington County; "a laborious and useful one," and twice candidate of his party for a member of Congress, and postmaster of Montpelier about 6 years. In person, he was inclined to be large — not too large, — very handsomely formed, with open, magnetic, beautiful counte- nance, that drew almost at will hosts of friends to his cordial heart. The idol of his party, he had a multitude of friends, also out of it. True to a poet nature, abstract- ed, rapt, fitful, sombre at times, even ; now and then November, — probably, at a De- cember tide — the height of the weird, when he traced that "scene in a Vermont win- ter," that " fearful night in the winter time, as cold as it ever can be" — when "the moon is full but the wings of the furious blast dash out her light." " All day had the snows come down — all day," " The fence was lost and the wall of stone." " ou the mouutain peak How the old trees writhe and shriek ." " Such a night as this to be found abroad." The "shivering dog" "by the road." " See him crouch and growl " "and shut his eyes with a dismal howl." " And old man from the town to-night," that "lost the travelled way." " The midnight past," " the moon looks out," the Morgan mare " that at last o'er a log had floundered down," the old traveller " in coat and buf- falo," stark and stiff in his sleigh in the snow-piled mountain hollow ! But an occasional mood ; he had the heart of June inhis nature — the spirit of spring in his spirit — whose verse oftener trailed over,one line blossoming into another, like a trailing arbutus in May woods. The old liked him. He was so genial ; young men and women liked him ; little children loved him. Long by those who were children in Montpelier in his time, will " his contagious laugh be remembered," and the charm- ing hilarity with which he would push forward their innocent sports. It is said of him that no young man ever sought en- couragement from him in vain. He had wide and generous views of life, an ample charity for thoughtlessness or " repented erring." As the head of a family, we may quote the words of Dr. Lord to his mourn- ing family at his funeral : You will remember him first and longest for what he was to you personally, — for what he was in his domestic and social re- lations. You will not forget the kindness of his heart, the amenity and cheerfulness of his. manners, the liveliness of fancy and wit with which he cheered the household. . . . You will not lose the recollection of his kind words, of his considerate atten- tions, of his fatherly acts and affections. You will remember the melody of his flute as it led the voices of his children in their songs and hymns ; the written prayers, which I am told he composed for them, to be used morning and evening in their devo- tions. And so long as love has a place in your hearts, this household will not cease to have a shrine where his memory shall be kept green and sacred. The favorite of his party, as a politician, a lovely family and society man, it is still 5o8 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. as a poet that Eastman has been the widest known and his memory will be most peren- nial. Fluent in composing, laborious in revision — from his college days, or a little before, he wrote and pruned, and pruned and rewrought, and pruned again, refining and changing almost ad infinitum till the day of his death. The result : " As a lyri- cal poet there is no American writer who can be called his superior." He was the first American poet named with praise in the Edinhirgh Review ; the old Scotchman, wary of American poets, broke through the ice and praised Eastman handsomely over 20 years since, while he yet lived to catch the beautiful over-the-ocean-glow coming from the fire he had kindled. Facile, agree- able, amusing, as a poet, but not confident. Strange ! Did he not know his own pow- ers? It seems he did not; — "sensitive and doubtful as to their reception " — when his poems were committed to the press, when his book appeared and was winning golden laurels, " almost sorry he had pub- lished it." The writer remembers to have heard him say, he had made up his mind, he believed, to never publish any poem until it had been written seven years and he had revised it every year. Mr. Eastman brought out his first vol- ume of poems in 1848; from which he contributed with manifold retouchings, to the poems, ten pages to Miss Hemenway's First Edition of the Poets and Poetry of Vermont in 1858, including: "A Picture." The farmer sat in his easy chair Smoliiug his pipe of clay—, Eastman's " Dirge " : "Softly! She is lying Wltli lier lips apart; Softly I She is dying Of a broken heart." "I see her not" — "Uncle Jerry," and other pieces ; and in the same work, revised and enlarged, "A scene in the Vermont Winter," specially for the volume, and other poems ; as many pages in this sec- ond volume as in the first. Mr. Eastman's health began steadily to fail from May, i860. " An obstinate and painful disease burdened his spirit and wasted his frame." Never man needed rest more ; " but his pride and sympathies were enlisted in the business of his party," and too faithful to the complicated respon- sibilities identified with and accumulated upon him, he unwisely, but most unsel- fishly, (says Mr. Thompson in his sketch), made secondary his own interest of health and life. " But he was at home in the bosom of his family when his eyes closed to the scenes he loved so well ; and his last moments, painless and calm, were brightened by the love of family and friends, and cheered with the substantial hope of eternal happiness and joy." He died at his residence in Montpelier, Sept. 16, i860. Mary Avery Eastman, the last and only living descendant, was born in Mont- pelier, in 1849. She married, 1S72, Eldin J. Hartshorn, son of Hon. John W. Harts- horn of this State, and now resides at Emmetsburg, Iowa, where her husband is practicing his profession of the law ; has been State Senator, &c. John G. Eastman, eldest son of Chas. G., died in Montpelier in his 20th year. May 30, 1870. Edward S., second son of Charles G., died in Montpelier in his 19th year, Oct. 2, 1875. Mrs. Eastman, for several years after her husband's decease, until after the death of her two sons, continued to reside at Montpelier, spending a part of each year with her daughter at the West ; but within a few years has again taken up her residence in Woodstock. To the first and sweetest of our Poets — pre-eminently our State bard, we must — we could not satisfy Montpelier otherwise, nor yet ourself, though crowding to a close — make space for yet a cluster from his poems to lay at the foot of his biography at the Capital : the first settler. His hair is white as the winter snow, His years are many, as you may know, — Some eighty-two or three; Yet a hale old man, still strong and stout. And able when "tis fair to go out His friends in the street to see; And all who see his face still pray That for many a long and quiet day He may live, by the Lord's mercy. MONTPELIER. 509 He came to the State when the town was new. When the lordly pine and the hemlock grew In the place where the court house stands; When the stunted ash and the alder black, The slender fir and the tamarack. Stood thick on the meadow lands; And the brook, that now so feebly flows. Covered the soil where the farmer hoes The corn with his hardy hands. He built in the town the first log hut; And he is the man, they say, wlio cut The first old forest oak ; His axe was the first, with its echoes rude. To startle the ear of the solitude, With its steady and rapid stroke. From his high log-heap through the trees arose, First, on the hills, mid the winter snows. The fire and the curling smoke. On the land he cleared the first hard year. When he trapped the beaver and shot the deer. Swings the sign of the great hotel; By the path where he drove his ox to drink The mill-dam roars and the hammers clink. And the factory rings its bell. And where the main street comes up from the south Was the road he " blazed " from the river's mouth. As the books of the town will tell. In the village, here, where the trees are seen. Circling 'round the beautiful Green, He planted his hills of corn ; And there, where you see that long brick row, Swelling with silk and calico, Stood the hut he built one morn; Old Central street was his pasture lane. And down by the church he will put his cane On the 5pot where his boys were born. For many an hour I have heard him tell Of the time, he says, he remembers well, When high on the rock he stood. And nothing met his wandering eye ■ Above, but the clouds and the broad blue sky. And below, the waving wood; And how, at night, the wolf would howl Round his huge log fire, and the panther growl. And the black fox bark by the road. He looks with pride on the village grown So large on the land that he used to own; And still as he sees the wall Of huge blocks built, in less than the time It took, when he was fresh in his prime. To gather his crops in the fall ; He thinks, with the work that, somehow, he Is identified, and must oversee And superintend it all. His hair is white as the winter snow. And his years are many, as you may know,— Some eighty-two or three; Yet all who see his face will pray. For many a long and quiet day By the Lord's good grace, that he May be left in the land, still hale and stout, And able still when 'tis fair, to go out His friends in the street to see. THE BATTLE OF PLATTSBURGH. He who has still left of his two hands but one. With that let him grapple a sword; And he who has two, let him handle a gun; And forward, boys! forward! the word. The murmuring sound of the fierce battle-tide Already resounds from afar; Forward, boys! forward, on every side. For Vermont and her glittering star! Who lingers behind when the word has passed down That the enemy swarm o'er the line? When he knows in the heart of a North border town Their glittering bayonets shine V Push on to the North; the fierce battle-tide Already resounds from afar; Push on to the North from every side. For Vermont and her glittering star! Forward! the State that was first in the fight When Allen and Warner were here. Should not be the last now to strike for the right. Should never be found in tlie rear! Then, on to the North! the fierce battle-tide Already resounds from afar; Push on to the North from every side. For Vermont and her glittering star! Hark! booms from the lake, and resounds from the land. The roar of the conflict. Push on 1 Push on to the North! on every hand Our boys to the rescue have gone; Forward! the State that was first in the fight When Allen and Warner were here. Should not be the last now to strike for the right. Should never be found in the rear. OF LOVE AND WINE. Of love and wine old poets sung, Old poets rich and rare,— Of wine with red and ruby heart. And love with golden hair; Of wine that winged the poet's thought. And woke the slumbering lyre; Of love that through the poet's line Ran like a flash of fire. But wine, when those old poets sung Its praises long ago. Was something subtler than the bards Of modern ages know; — Ay, wine was wine when Teian girls. Flushed with the rosy dew. To old Auacreon's fiery strains Through wanton dances flew. And love, when those old poets sung Its praises long ago. Was something warmer than the bards Of modern ages know ; — Ay, love was love when Teian girls. Flushed with the melting fire. With roses crowned Anacreon's brow. With kisses paid his lyre. PURER THAN SNOW. Purer than snow Is a girl I know; Purer than snow is she; Her heart is light. And her cheek is bright,— Ah ! who do you think she can be ? /know very well. But I never shall tell, 'Twould spoil all the fun, you see; Her eye is blue; And her lip, like dew. And red as a mulberry. 510 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. THE APPLE BLOSSOM. Here's an apple blossom, Mary ; See how delicate and fair! Here's an apple blossom, Mary ; Let me weave it in your hair I Ah! thy hair is raven, Mary, And the curls are thick and bright; And this apple blossom, Mary, Is so beautifully white! There! the apple blossom, Mary, Looks so sweet among your curls! And the apple blossom, Mary, Crowns the sweetest of the girls. But the apple blossom. Mary, You must have a little care Not to tell your mother, Mary, That /wove it in your hair! HON. RAWSEL R. KEITH, oldest son of Hon. Chapin Keith, born in Uxbridge, Mass., Nov. 21, 1790, died in Montpelier Oct. 25, 1874. Coming to Barre with his father in 1793, he remained there until 1817, when he came to Mont- pelier as deputy sheriff, and held that office and the shrievalty until 1831. He was Judge of Probate 1833 to 36, and long a di- rector and finally president of the Bank of Montpelier, retiring voluntarily from these positions. He was a man of firmness and integrity, and highly esteemed by his fel- low citizens. He married Mary T. Wheel- er of Barre, who bore him 2 sons; R. D. W. Keith, now of Chicago, and Alonzo T. Keith, now of Montpelier. LUTHER NEWCOMB, ESQ. UY H. A. HU8E. Luther Newcomb, for many years the county clerk of Washington County, was born in Derby, Apr. 10, 1826, and died from Bright's disease, at his home in Mont- pelier, Jan. 2, 1876. His father was Dr. Luther Newcomb, whose wife was Lucretia Martin. Dr. Newcomb was the first phy- sician to locate in that part of northern Vermont, and was eminent in his profes- sion ; among his students was Dr. Colby, the father of Stoddard B. Colby. Dr. New- comb died when Luther was 5 years old, and the boy remained with his mother 6 years after his father's death. The family was intimate with Hon. Isaac F. Redfield, and when Luther was 11 years old, he came to Montpelier and became the same as a member of Judge Redfield's family. He studied under the direction of the Judge and entered Wash. Co. Gram- mar School, where he pursued his studies until prepared to enter college. He then read law under the direction of Judge Red- field, and was for a time a student in the office of O. H. Smith, Esq. Though fit- ted for admission to the bar, he did not apply for it, but receiving an appoint- ment in the customs service he was 2 years a revenue officer on Lake Champlain. Jan. I, 1849, he was appointed Deputy Clerk of Wash. Co. Court under Shubael Wheeler. He was in Dec, 1857, appoint- ed Clerk and held the position during the rest of hislife. He was a model officer, and had not only the respect and affection of the Washington County bar and the court, but as the general term of the Supreme Court was held here, that of members of the bar of the whole State. Mr. Newcomb married June 25, 1857, Amanda Thomas, only daughter of Gen. Stephen Thomas. His wife and 3 sons, Charles, Luther, and Stephen T., survive him. Mr. J. W. Wheelock, who died the month after Mr. Newcomb, on the death of the latter wrote for his paper, from his own sick bed, a few words concerning his old friend, and among them were the fol- lowing : He was in many respects a remarkable man. Beneath a business-like and, to the casual observer, almost stern exterior, was hidden a heart tender as that of a woman, and one ever prompting him to those kindly thoughts and acts which so ennoble and exalt human nature. Unobtrusive, and apparently concerned only about the proper performance of his duties as clerk of the court, he yet possessed so comprehensive and discriminating powers of mind that he took in almost intuitively the bearings and consequences of matters brought before him ; and many a sentence of crisp brevity has contained, as in a nut-shell, the law and wisdom of it, and the decision at which the learned judge arrives after a most elaborate and exhaustive review. . . . He was always ready to aid and encourage the inexperienced or timid, and many a success has been achieved through a timely word of advice and aid from him. He was judicious as a counsellor, valuable MONTPELIER. 5ir and safe as an adviser, and faithful, even unto death, in his friendships. The funeral of Mr. Newcomb was in the Court House, Rev. J. E. Wright conduct- ing the services? and Hon. Charles W. Willard making an address. Mr. Willard in his address spoke not only as the rep-, resentative of the bar, but, indeed, as the nearest friend, and said that the friend- ship of Luther Newcomb had been tJie friendship of his manhood and his life. CHARLES CLARK, M. D., son of Nathaniel and Lucy (Perry) Clark, was born in what is now known as East Montpelier, Jan. 31, 1800. His parents were among the early settlers of the town, and had come from Rochester, Mass. It is claimed by some members of the Clark family still residing in Rochester, that they are descended from Thomas Clark, mate on the Mayflower, who returned on the brig Anne, and settled in the Plymouth colony in 1623. One of the oldest stones in the cemetery at Plymouth bears the name of Nathaniel Clark, who died in 17 14, at 74. Charles was the second son in a family of 6 children. An injury of his left knee, in his fourth year, caused its amputation 3 years after. This was before the day of anaesthetics. As illustrative of the spirit of the boy, when the surgeon. Dr. Nathan Smith of Hanover, propo.sed to bind him, as was usual in such cases, the child re- fused, placed himself on the table, sub- mitted to the painful operation without the quivering of a muscle, without a word or any sign of pain. His father died when he was but 10 years of age, and from that time on, with an indomitable courage characteristic of his whole life, he supported himself by his own labor. The record of the next 20 years is astory of trials and privations, which a less brave spirit would not have overcome. His ed- ucational advantages were limited to the common school and a few terms in the Washington County Grammar School. He studied his profession with Dr. Edward Lamb, of Montpelier, and as early as 1819, attended lectures at Castleton Medical College. He began the practice of med- icine with Dr. N. C. King, of North Mont- pelier, in 1 82 1, and removed to Calais 2 years later, where he purchased a small farm of 20 acres, and set up for himself. He was soon after married to Clarissa Boyden, daughter of Darius Boyden, Esq., of Montpelier, where he resided 14 years. In speaking of these early days he used to say, "Medical practice in these days of warm wraps and nice robes is quite another thing from my experience in the dead of winter on hor.seback, or at best in a bare sleigh, with insufficient clothing." In 1837, he removed to Montpelier, pur- chasing the Boyden homestead, where he resided for 12 years, securing an extensive practice not only in Montpelier, but in surrounding towns, winning public confi- dence and affection wherever known. In 1849, he moved into the village of Montpelier, both for the better education of his children and the more convenient practice of his profession, in which he con- tinued actively engaged till 1865, when he met with an accident resulting in a severe and protracted illness, from which he never wholly recovered. After this, he retired from general practice, retaining only office and consultation business. In 1868, he was again severely injuredby being thrown from his carriage. From this he had par- tially recovered, when a year later he was stricken with paralysis. With patient en- durance he lingered through 5 years more of suffering and prostration till his death, June 21, 1874. Dr. Clark was a man of more than or- dinary natural gifts, or he would never have accomplished what he did — left poor in this world's goods, crippled by his physical infirmity, and with but very limited op- portunities of education. In person he was 6 feet of stature and fine presence and great physical endurance. He was re- markable for his keen observation of men and things, and was rarely mistaken in his judgment. His genial manners, generous sympathies, and fund of anecdote, made him always welcome at the bedside of his patients, and contributed not a little to his 512 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. success. He was thoroughly devoted to his profession, kept himself well informed of the progress of the science through standard medical journals, and was always ready to accept and try new methods. But his own experience and observation served him better than books. He compounded his medicines with little regard to received formulas, and more from his judgment in each particular case. Those best ac- quainted with him, greatly regret that he did not write out for the benefit of the profession the results of his large and varied experience. As a man and a citizen, it is not too much to say that he was universally es- teemed — a man of public spirit, interested in every movement and enterprise that looked to the welfare of society. Though not a professor of religion till late in life, he started and superintended a Sabbath- school during his short residence at North Montpelier, was one of the earliest and staunchest advocates of temperance, and was always urging improvements in meth- ods and opportunities of education. He spared no self-denial and sacrifice to give his own children advantages which were denied to himself, and in the same gen- erous spirit sought the welfare of others. He was for 12 years president of the board of trustees and chairman of the prudential committee of the Washington County Grammar School, and for many years treas- urer of the Vermont Medical Society, of which he was an active member. He was too much given to his own special work to engage in political life, yet he yielded to the wishes of his friends, and served as representative of Montpelier in the Legis- lature in 1846, '47. He was not a public speaker, as he felt the need of proper culture for this, but was esteemed as a very useful working man on committees. His judgment was always valued in practical questions of politics. One incident, how- ever, he was wont to recall with a good deal of satisfaction in later years. A bill for a license law was being pushed through the legislature, and was likely to pass, greatly to the regret of friends of tem- perance. Just at the last moment when an amendment was possible. Dr. Clark rose to his place without previous con- sultation with others, presented a brief amendment, urged it home with a few chosen words, and secured its prompt passage by the House. A leading politi- cian who had been interested in carrying the measure, rushed across the hall at once, and said to him with much excite- ment, "Your amendment has killed the bill." "Just what I intended," was the reply. He was warmly congratulated by friends of temperance at once and for years after on the defeat of a measure which he felt would have been attended with serious injury to the best interests of the State. The following tribute was rendered him by his pastor, the Rev. Dr. Lord: "His life began with suffering, it clo.sed in suf- fering, but its long intermediate years were filled with hard work, with brave labors, irradiated by a warm, genial spirit, by de- votion to the best interests of his fellow- men, with zeal for education, good morals and religion, by professional skill, fidelity and enthusiasm. He received, as he em- inently merited, the respect, confidence and love of all who knew him." — From the Family. DEA. CONSTANT W. STORKS was born in Royal ton in 1801, came to Montpelier in 1822, and from that time until his death was engaged in merchan- dise — more than half a century. In 1831, he became a member of the First Congre- gational Church, and in 1835 was elected one of its deacons — an office which he tried to magnify as long as he lived. For 22 years he was treasurer of the Vermont Do- mestic Missionary Society. He was great- ly interested in religious matters, and la- bored incessantly in season and out of season. Early in life he married a daugh- ter of Wyllis I. Cad well, who bore him two sons and a daughter, the beautiful daughter dying when about to reach maturity. The widow and son survive. Dea. Storrs died Mar. 23, 1872. E. p. w. :Z^ MONTPELIER. SI3 HON. CHARLES REED. BY REV. J. EDWAKD WUIGHT. Charles Reed was born in Thetford, Nov. 24, 1814, and died in Montpelier, after a sickness of less than three days, Mar. 7, 1873. He was the oldest child of Hon. Joseph Reed, and his second wife, Elizabeth Burnap, daughter of Rev. Jacob Burnap, of Merrimac, N. H., and sister of the scholarly Unitarian minister long settled in Baltimore, Md., Rev. George W. Burnap, D. D. Montpelier was Mr. Reed's home from 1827, when his father came here to reside. He pursued his pre- paratory studies at the Washington County Grammar School, entered Dartmouth Col- lege, and graduated in 1835. Among his classmates and intimate friends there was the late Governor Peter T. Washburn. He studied law in Montpelier, in the office of Hon. William Upham, and afterwards for 2 years in the Dane Law School, Har- vard University, where he received the de- gree of LL.B. in 1839. He was admit- ted to the Washington County Bar in 1838, and in Sept., 1839, formed a partner- ship with Hon. Homer W. Heaton, which continued for a third of a century without change in the location of the office, being only dissolved by Mr. Reed's death. He married Emily Eliza, eldest daughter of Hon. Daniel Baldwin of Montpelier, June 5, 1842, by whom he had five children; two of whom, Elizabeth Burnap, wife of Col. J. H. Lucia of Vergennes, and Maria G., with their mother, survived him. (Mrs. Lucia died, leaving husband and 3 children, Jan. 5, 1881.) From time to time Mr. Reed's fellow citizens honored themselves in honoring him with positions of trust. He was cho- sen justice ot the peace for a number of years ; was elected state's attorney in 1847, and again in 1848, and was appointed reg- ister of probate in the latter year, — per- forming the duties of the office by deputy. For some 5 years he was one of the select- men of Montpelier. In 1858, he was cho- sen trustee and librarian of the State libra- ry, and also a member of the Vt. Historical Society, in whose work he was deeply in- terested, serving as one of its curators, and 65 publishing committee, and also as its li- brarian. He represented Montpelier in the Legislatures of 1862 and 1863, and for the three following years occupied a seat in the Senate chamber. While in the Senate, he interested himself ardently in the institution of the Vermont Reform School, now located in Vergennes, and be- came chairman of its first board of trustees, which position he retained till his death. At the establishment of Green Mount Cem- tery in Montpelier, Mr. Reed was chosen one of its commissioners, and was re- elected to that trust, which he had held for many years, on the last day of his active business life. He was one of the four far-sighted men who advocated and secured that change in the school system of Montpelier, which brought the Washing- ton County Grammar School and the district schools into harmonious relations under the same board of management and in the same building ; and he was repeatedly elected chairman of the united committees. In 1869, he was chosen a member of the Council of Censors, and in that capacity advocated extending the right of suffrage to women. Politically he was a democrat in early life, but from the breaking out of the rebellion, he took sides with the repub- lican party. His last illness was occasion- ed by a cold taken in the chilly air of the unwarmed State Library, while he was in- vestigating some historical topic. This was increased by exposure a few days later, at the March meeting, which his interest in Temperance Reform led him to attend ; and thus were developed, in a constitution originally strong, but weakened by over- work, the pleuro-pneumonia and conges- tion which ended his earthly career. Mr. Reed was, first of all, a man of ititegrity. This appeared in his business relations with others, and won for him their utmost confidence ; and it was shown also in his faithfulness to his own convic- tions. He never seemed to stop to ask if the course contemplated would gain for him profit and applause or involve loss and unpopularity. Among those of a different faith, he adhered steadfastly to the Unita- rian views with which he was imbued in 514 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. his childhood ; and, when opportunity of- fered, entered zealously into the work of establishing in Montpelier a church that should represent what he thought to be the truth in religious doctrine. He was among the foremost in the organization of the Church of the Messiah, and was inde- fatigable in laboring to promote its inter- ests. He acted with like decision, energy, and straight-forwardness in regard to the Temperance agitation, and the Woman Suffrage Reform. He was also a man of marked public spirit. With private cares that were by no means small, he undertook a great variety and amount of work for the general wel- fare — work for which he received little or no remuneration, direct or indirect. The value of the services he rendered to his town and State, in his devotion to educa- tional interests, the Reform School, the State Library, and the Historical Society, cannot be estimated in money, and can be appreciated in its full e.xtent by very few. Rarely, indeed, does any philanthropist contribute so freely from his purse to char- itable objects, as did Mr. Reed lavish from the wealth of his time, and physical and mental strength, for the public good. Further, he was ever loyal to his native State. In the words of another, "'As a Vermonter, believing in Vermont and the genuine Vermont character, deeply inter- ested in the past history of the State, and its present prosperity, Mr. Reed will be much missed. He was one of the no- blest and truest of loyal Vermonters. As an officer of the State Historical So- ciety he rendered invaluable service in getting up and putting in form for pres- ervation much of the early history. . . . The State has not another — if we except those who have been associated with him in this work, Hons. Hiland Hall and E. P. Walton — to fill his place." In his chosen profession, Mr. Reed reached a proud eminence, (yet singularly without pride,) and gained a handsome property. H. A. Huse, Esq., a fellow- member of the bar, at one time his assist- ant, and later his successor in the charge of the State Library, said of him, in a memorial sketch read before the Vermont Historical Society, "Charles Reed was a true lawyer, taking pride in his profession, and loving the law as a science wherein reason has her most perfect work, and be- cause his knowledge of it enabled him to be truly a counsellor to those in trouble. Grounded by severe study in the founda- tion principles, his directness and the im- patience with which he viewed worthless and irrelevant matter made him a good pleader. His papers always gave him a standing in court Mr Reed, on trial of a case, presented clearly to court or jury the facts proved and the law applicable to them. This was done not by the use of rounded periods, impassioned gesture, or appeal to the emotional nature. His imagination supplied him neither with facts not in the case, nor with the coloring and magnifying power which often distorts things from their true relation, and gives what is unimportant undue prominence. But it was, I think, in the court of chan- cery, and perhaps still more in the supreme court, that Mr. Reed showed the qualities most clearly that stamped him as one of the leaders of the bar. In the court of last resort the premises were fixed and un- changing, and from them he worked most unerringly to the conclusion. The brief method of statement, the condensed argu- ment, had there their true sphere and al- ways their due weight. While it was not given to him to charm by silvery speech, it was given him to convince by the close- ness of his logic. The clear-cut intellect, trained by careful study, made him in- valuable as a legislator. During his term of service the laws passed received more careful scrutiny, and were more carefully framed from the very fact of his presence ; and much of the intelligible legislation of the last few years owes its shape to his skill, as well since as during his occupancy of a seat in the law-making body. " In yet another direction was his ability as a lawyer called into activity. Before 1858, the State Library was a mass of leg- islative documents without form, and void of any use. A few law reports were inter- mingled, and formed a stock from which \ \ MONTPELIER. 515 impecunious and conscience-lacking men plundered at will. To make this one of the best libraries in the Union in the De- partment of American Law, without large expense to the State, was a labor of years with Mr. Reed. His success, with the means at his command, has, I am sure, not been paralleled. The bar and bench of the county and State owe a great debt to him for the thoroughness of the work." Charles Reed was no courtier, nor trimmer. He could not cajole, he could not flatter, he could not fawn and curry favor. His sincerity appeared often as bluntness, and sometimes gave offence. But those who were acquainted with him had in their minds an ever ready explana- tion of his occasional roughness of speech and manner, in the knowledge that they were dealing with an upright, downright honest man, who, under an exterior some- what hard, carried a heart throbbing with devotion to the welfare of all, a man of Roman firmness, and of Jacksonian wil- lingness to assume the responsibility in an emergency ; a man whose record, whether public or private, had always been sin- gularly free from stain ; a man whose very presence strengthened the worthy pur- poses of the timid and hesitating about him, a man whose . , . '■ Daily prayer, far better nnderstood In acts than words, was simply doing good.'''' JAMES G. FRENCH, son of Micah French, of Barre, was born in Peru, N. Y., in 1824, and died in Mont- pelier, suddenly, Aug. 8, 1878. Employed for a while as a clerk, he opened a clothing store in Montpelier, in which he was quite successful. He was postmaster 8 years under President Lincoln, and subsequently entered into the construction of the Mont- pelier & Wells River Railroad. He was also very energetic, and even daring, in real estate operations, and to him, more than to any one man, Montpelier owes the construction of its spacious and elegant stores. Mr. French married a daughter of the late JoelGoldsbury, of Barre, and she, with an only daughter, Mrs. W. T. Dewey, survive him. LUTHER CROSS, born in Swanzey, N. H., 1802, established himself in mercantile business in Mont- pelier in 1827. In the same year he mar- ried Miss Polly M. Day, of Woodstock, who bore him four children : Gustavus T., who died March 13, 1867, aged 33 years ; Luther Burnell, now of Montpelier ; Royal D., now in the West; and Lucia D., now wife of Marcus A. Farwell, of Chicago. Mr. Cross was interested in politics, and personally very popular ; hence he was often the Whig candidate for represent- ative in the old town of Montpelier, and always received more than his party vote ; but the town was so strongly Democratic that success was impossible. He was, however, a magistrate many years in suc- cession, and by the Legislature was re- peatedly elected sergeant-at-arms. He built three brick dwellings, which were the best in Montpelier in his day, and two of them are the best of the brick houses now. The three are the two houses on State street now occupied by Hons. John A. Page and B. F. Fifield, and the Cross homestead on Elm street. He also built the " Willard block " on Main, at the head of State street. He died, suddenly. Mar. 9, 1873, aged 71 years. CHARLES AND TIMOTHY CROSS came to Montpelier about the time of the advent of Richard W. Hyde, and with him started the first bakery in town. Chas. H. Cross was born in Tilton, N. H., Feb. 13, 1812, and his wife was born an hour or two before him. He is highly esteemed, a staunch Methodist, and a liberal contributor to that church and its educational institution on Seminary Hill. He is still engaged in a large bakery and confectionary business with his eldest and well-known son, L. Bart. Cross. Timothy Cross died some years ago. His house was destroyed in the last great fire, and his widow and children removed to Cambridgeport, Mass. [To Charles Cross the Methodist church are also indebted chiefly for the fine wood engraving of their church building.— ed.] Si6 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. DANIEL BALDWIN (BY REV. .T. EDWAllD WRIGHT.) Was born in Norwich, Vt., July 21, 1792, and died in Montpelier, Aug. 3, 188 1. He was the youngest of the seven children of Daniel and Hannah (Havens) Baldwin. His mother was a daughter of Robert Havens, of Royalton, whose house was the first entered by the Indians when Royalton was burned. He was orphaned before he was two years old, and the des- titute brood was scattered. He came to Montpelier in 1806, and remained till he was of age under the guardianship of his older brother, Sylvanus, a man of prom- inence and marked ability. With him he learned the carpenter's trade, availing him- self also of some brief opportunities for attending school ; but, from the time of attaining his majority for many years, he was engaged in mercantile pursuits, with gratifying success. He relinquished these in 1848, to devote himself more exclu- sively to his duties as president of the Vt. Mutual Fire Insurance Co., of which he was the original projector, and in which he took the first policy, March 31, 1828. He was president of this Company from 1 84 1 to 1874, and regarded with a well- grounded satisfaction the remarkable pros- perity and growth of the Company during his administration. While cautious and conservative, he was eminently progressive both early and late in life. In 1827, he led in the effort to establish salt works in Montpelier. "He was called again and again into the direction of the Bank of Montpelier and the Montpelier National Bank, and was a director in the latter at the time of his decease. He was among the first to advocate and further the build- ing of the Vermont Central Railroad, and agitated the subject from 1830 until the desired end was attained He was also one of the first board of directors of the Vermont Central, but retained that position only a year, having always stren- uously maintained, in opposition to the Northfield interest which prevailed, that the route should be by way of the Wil- liamstown Gulf. As long ago as 1850, he was one of a committee of eight, of which the Hon. J. A. Wing was chairman, who raised a subscription, and procured at con- siderable expense to themselves a survey of a route for a railroad from Montpelier to Wells River." * He was also one of the originators and the general manager, dur- ing the early years of its existence, of the Montpelier (Jaslight Co. " He was town treasurer in 1828, and then again for 11 consecutive years from 1835 From 1837 to 1847 he was trustee of the ' Surplus Fund.' For many years from and after 1837, he was the chief engineer of the fire department. During the years 1846 and 1847, he occupied tlie bench as associate judge of the Washington County Court, but from 1850 on, wath the excep- tion of one year's service as lister, he uni- formly avoided public oflSce."* In early life he held high position in the Masonic Order. "He was connected with the Vermont Colonization Society during all its active existence, a large part of the time as its treasurer, and then as its pres- ident." * In politics he was a democrat — during the rebellion a " war democrat," voting more than once for the republican candidate — and in religion he was em- phatically a '■'■liberal Christian," avowing deep interest in " Spiritualism," but con- tributing generously to churches of various creeds, and joining most heartily with Unitarians and Universalists in the organ- ization and support of the Montpelier Independent Meeting-House Society, of whose board of trustees he was chairman from the establishment of the board in 1866 to the day of his death. In his will he manifested his undying interest in Montpelier, by bequeathing $2,000, to be used under certain conditions in securing a suitable water supply for the village. He married, in 1820, Emily Wheelock, grand-daughter of the first president of Dartmouth College. She died in 1872. A son and four daughters were born to them, all of whom reached maturity and were married ; but only two, the first and second daughters, Mrs. Charles Reed and Mrs. Marcus D. Gilman, have survived their parents. The society of their six grand-child ren was a delight to Judge * Memorial Sermon by Rev. J. Edward Wright. ^jyayrt^c<^ y^ cc/c/^^/^y^ MONTPELIER. 517 Baldwin during the last summer of his life. He was a man extensively known in the State, and universally esteemed for his probity, his sound judgment, his public spirit and his benevolence. Deliberate in planning and moderate in moving, he was yet positive in his decisions and energetic in his actions. A man of a peculiarly placid and even temper, and sustained by a Christian trust, he bore earth's trials with great calmness, and his declining years furnished the community an im- pressive illustration of what it is to " grow old beautifully." Though not free from all the infirmities which commonly attend old age, he was wonderfully vigorous in mind and body, and found life enjoyable down to his last day ; when suddenly his powers all collapsed, and with a brief struggle he passed on, leaving an honored name and a blessed memory. It is rare that a life is more entirely successful in both ts material and moral aspects, j. E. w. [Lucia L., wife of W. C. D. Grannis, of Chicago, and daughter of Hon. Daniel Baldwin, died in Chicago, aged 28.] From the records of Aurora Lodge, No. 22, F. & A. M., we take the following: ^ IJff MEMORIAM. BRO. DANIEL BALDWIN, Born in Norwich, Vt., July 21, 1792, Died at Montpelier, Vt., August 3, 188 1 ; Aged 8g years and 13 days. Initiated in Aurora Lodge, No. 9, at Montpelier, January 3, 1814 ; Passed January 31, 1814; Raised in Columbian Lodge, Boston, Mass., May 14, 1S14. Affiliated with Aurora Lodge, No. 22, July II, 1881. Bro. Baldwin was an old time Mason, one of those who passed through the fiery trials of the anti-masonic period, and that he was unyielding in his devotion to the fraternity is evinced by the fact that he and Wor. Bro. Joseph Howes op- posed to the bitter end the surrender of the char- ter of old Aurora Lodge, No. 9. In this, how- ever, he was unsuccessful, and the Lodge suc- cumbed to what was probably inevitable, and it was voted, Sept. 19, 1S34, to surrender the charter. He successively filled all the offices of the Lodge from that of Tyler to Worshipful Master, to which latter office he was elected June 26, 1S20. He was also a prominent officer in King .Solo- mon R. A. Chapter, No. 5, and a member of Montpelier Council, R. & S. M. Bro. Baldwin was a just and upright Mason, ever generous and liberal in dispensing Masonic charity, and was always ready to whisper good counsel in the ear of a brother. MEMORIAL ADDRESS 0/ the Vermont Mutual Fire insurance Company. At the first meeting of the directors of the Vt. Mu. Fire Ins. Co. after the death of Mr. Baldwin, Aug. 3, 1881, the Presi- dent offered the following resolutions, which were unanimously adopted : Resolved. That we have learned with profound regret of the death of Hon. Dan- iel Baldwin, so long connected with this Company, and identified with the best in- terests of the town for three fourths of a century. We duly appreciate his eminent services as an officer of this company, and his usefulness as a citizen. Resolved, That we extend to his family the sympathy of this Board in the loss of one who has so long been a kind friend and able counselor. And a committee was chosen to prepare a memorial address to be read at the An- nual Meeting of the Company, which was prepared and read by Dr. Hiram A. Cut- ting, of Lunenburgh. " The Vermont Mutual Fire Insurance Company " is a name so familiar to every Vermonter, in fact, so woven into the af- fairs and interests of the people of this State, that when its originator, Daniel Baldwin, died upon the 3d day of August, in his 90th year, it sent a thrill of sorrow through the hearts of thousands. It was his foresight which planned a system of insurance that recommended itself for its cheapness, and won for itself golden opin- ions, supplying, as it did, the unfortunate with means to reconstruct their homes promptly when the fire-fiend had swept them away. Rightly has it been said of this company, " That it has clothed the naked, fed the hungry and supplied the destitute," and just was the sorrow for the departed man, for he was both the father and patron of this most beneficial associa- tion in our State. It was a happy inspi- ration which induced George Bliss, a can- vasser for the Springfield Fire and Marine Insurance Company, about the year 1818, to call upon Daniel Baldwin, who was tem- porarily stopping in Boston, for the pur- pose of soliciting his insurance. Mr. Baldwin was at that time a prosperous young merchant. He investigated the 5i8 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. subject carefully, was pleased with the idea, had his property insured, and accepted the agency of the company for this section, which he retained for 2 years, receiving premiums to the amount of over $4,000, with only $2,000 in losses. It was during this period that the idea of cheaper insur- ance, based upon the mutual plan, sug- gested itself to Mr. Baldwin. He coun- seled with a number of the business men of that day, but could get little encourage- ment from any, with the exception of Thomas Reed, Jr., James H. Langdon, Joshua Y. Vail, and Chester Hubbard. With these coadjutors, at a second trial, Nov. 10, 1827, the Vermont Mutual Fire Insurance Company was chartered; yet not without great opposition. The mem- ber from Middlebury, one of its opposers, moved an amendment of the bill, granting a charter, requiring the company to pay 6 per cent, of the profits into the State treasury annually. This shows that that member of our Legislature, at least, knew little of mutual insurance. Under this grant the company was or- ganized, Jan. 21, 1828. As Daniel Bald- win originated the charter, he was elected president of the meeting, but declined, and J. H. Langdon was elected in his stead. There were but six persons pres- ent. A board of directors was chosen, and that' board, of which Hon. Mr. Baldwin was an active member, elected Chapin Keith of Barre, president, J. Y. Vail, sec- retary, and George Worthington treasurer, both of Montpelier. Their first policy was issued in March, 1828, to Daniel Baldwin. In October, 1828, the directors rej^orted 186 policies issued, and that the company was gaining in strength and popularity. A small beginning, truly, for a company that now issues between 5,000 and 6,000 poli- cies annually. Mr. Keith was succeeded at the end of the year by Israel P. Dana of Danville, as president, who held the office until 1838, to be followed by John Spalding of Mont- pelier, who held the office until 184 1, when the subject of this sketch was elected, holding office as president for ;i;i years. During this time, he administered the af- fairs of the corporation as its head. He had around him trusty men, tried and true ; yet he has probably traveled more miles on insurance business, and talked insurance with more persons than any other 50 men in the State. His heart and soul were in the work, and with him that meant success. He understood the principles and rules of insurance as few ever do. He adjusted equitable rates for various classes of prop- erty with a truly wonderful precision. His devotion to the duties of his office were both conscientious and enthusiastic. As an adjustor, he was almost without an equal ; while he settled closely and eco- nomically for the company, he gained the respect and good will of the insured, for he was frank and honest, dealing as he would have others deal with him. Few, if any, ever felt aggrieved, and many were the testimonials showered upon him in later years, for his honest dealing with them, when they through loss were render- ed almost powerless to contest the validity of their insurance, had they been forced so to do. The prosperity of the Vermont Mutual Fire Insurance Company is the proudest testimonial he can have of his zeal and well-directed services, and those who par- take of the benefits of that organization cannot fail to gratefully remember the man, who more than any other one has made the strong and reliable concern what it is. That its progress may be the more evident, I would say that the number of policies in force in 1831 was 1,869; i" 1841, 12,012; in 1851, 11,790; in 1861, 22,237; in 1871, 27,488; and in 1881, 29,413. Such an in- crease in business is without precedent in any mutual company in our Union, and shows definitely that the true and unwav- ering course of all connected with it, has gained the confidence of the people, and the company is an honor to our State, and it is fitting that we should honor the man who originated the philanthropic scheme, and with untiring zeal pushed it to so grand success. Age creeps stealthily on us all, and as Judge Baldwin felt the pressure upon him, and looked with a just pride upon an insti- JOHN WOOD MONTPELIER. 519 tution, almost his own ; and surrounded by helpers in the insurance business which he had himself educated, he thought that they had better allow him to retire ; and so after his election as president for the 31st year, he sent in the following resigna- tion, in March, 1871 : To the Directors of the Vermont Afiiiual Fire Insurance Company : Gentlemen : — Owing to infirmities in consequence of old age, I do not feel com- petent to discharge the duties of president of this company as they should be, and therefore resign the office, to take place as soon as some person shall be elected to fill the responsible place I have so long occu- pied. D. Baldwin. Montpelier, March ist, 1871. No action was, however, taken upon this, and he was again re-elected in Octo- ber. He immediately resigned, but was over-persuaded, and consented to serve one year more by having a Vice President to relieve him of some of the duties which now rested quite heavily upon him. James T. Thurston was elected Vice President, and thus he was continued until Oct. 14, 1874, when Mr. Thurston was elected President ; but Hon. Mr. Baldwin was re- tained as director, so that his counsel and advice might rightly be available. Judge Baldwin, however, soon withdrew almost wholly from the office, but still retaining his mental faculties in a remarkable de- gree up to the day of his death. All honor to the departed, and may his valuable counsels and noble example live with the company ; and his original and true principles of insurance be carried out by the insurer, and the household word of Vermont continue to be the " Old Ver- mont Mutual." Let us here to-day, as offi- cers of this company, pledge ourselves anew to the duties, and thus we may hope to retain with our prosperity, which seems assured, tVie good will and honor of our patrons, that \ve may, in part, share in the tributes of praise so justly given to the de- parted. W. H. H. Bingham, L. G. Hinckley, > Com Hiram A. Cutting, ABRAHAM G. D. TUTHILL was born at Oyster Pond, Long Island, and in due time chose to become an artist. To perfect himself, he spent seven years as a pupil of the great painter, Benjamin West, in London, and one year in Paris. Returning to this country, he spent a few years in Montpelier, where a sister resided, and where now there are to be found many beautiful specimens of his work. His artist life was mainly spent at Buflfalo, Detroit, and other western cities ; but he returned to Montpelier, and died there, June 12, 1843, aged 67. JOSHUA Y. VAIL was one of the very early lawyers of Mont- pelier. He served awhile as Preceptor of Washington County Grammar School, and was County Clerk 1819-1839, 18 years. He was also Secretary of the Vermont Mu- tual Fire Insurance Company from the or- ganization in 1828 until 1850, and member and Secretary of the Council of Censors in 1820. His wife was a devoted chris- tian mother, Mary M., sister of the artist Tuthill, and all of her children have been well connected. Two of her sons, Solon J. Y. and Oscar J., still reside in Montpe- lier, and two daughters survive, one at Newbury and one in the West — foui' out of nine children. Mr. Vail died in 1854, in his 70th year; and his wife in 1876, aged 90. Both were born on Long Island. THE WOOD FAMILY. Late in the last century three brothers were born in Leominster, Mass., the eldest of whom spent half of his life in Mont- pelier, and the others much the largest part. They were Cyrus, John, and Zenas Wood. They were all of Puritan stock, and mem- bers of the first Congregational church in Montpelier. Cyrus Wood settled in Lebanon, N. H., about 1809, taking his brother John with him, who was then about 20 years of age. In 1814, both came to Montpelier and en- tered into partnership in the cabinet- making business, which was continued until the death of Cyrus, Nov. 25, 1840. John Wood, born July 20, 1788, mar- ried Miss Mary Waterman, of Lebanon, 520 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. N. H., who was truly a helpmeet for him, an industrious, pious and prudent woman. Bearing his share in the military burdens of his time, he became captain of Wash- ington Artillery, which was a high honor. But it was in the churches that he was most conspicuous. Long a deacon in the first Congregational church, -he went to the Free church on its organization, and ou its dissolution, to the Methodist church. In all he was an earnest worker, instant and earnest in prayer and exhortation, and his pure, honest and loving life attested the sincerity of his religious convictions. He died Jan. 14, 1872, in his 84th year, leaving a son and daughter, the son being Thomas W. Wood, the now highly dis- tinguished artist. Zenas Wood, born Jan. i, 1793, came to Montpelier at a somewhat later date, and engaged in the stove and tin-ware business, in which he was quite success- ful. He had all the excellent character- istics of his brother John, but was some- what less demonstrative. He sympathized keenly with the sick and suffering, as the writer of this note had occasion to know by personal experience. Mr. Wood was a prudent business man, and for some years was a director in the old Bank of Montpelier. In the last great fire here his real estate was destroyed, and he went, a lone and sad man, to his affectionate daughters in St. Johnsbury, where he died Oct. 29, 1876, in his 84th year. e. p. w. For notice of Thomas W. Wood, see post. THE COTTRILL FAMILY — Corrections. Mahlon Cottrill, born in Bridport, Vt., Aug. 29, 1797 ; died in Kansas City, Mo., Oct. 20, 1864. Catherine Smith Couch, his wife, born in Landaft", N. H., April i, 1792; died in Montpelier, April 28, 1861. Their children were : William H., born June 6, 1823, now a very popular hotel- keeper at Appleton, Wis. Lyman Hawley, born May 16, 1825, and died in Oregon, Nov., 1877. Charles Edward Huntington, born July 11, 1826; died Feb. 3, 1833. George Washington, born May 18, 1828 ; now a lawyer in N. Y. City. Henry Clay, born June 26, 1830; died Feb. 12, 1833. Jedd Philo C, born Apr. 15, 1832; now a lawyer in Milwaukee, Wis. Charles Mah- lon, born Oct. 20, 1834; now in Milwau- kee, Wis., and a prosperous man. commissioned officers — MONTPELIER. Col. Nathan Lord, Jr., commissioned colonel of the 6th Vt. regt., Sept. 16, 1861 ; resigned Dec. 16, 1862. Now resides in Cleaveland, Ohio. Col. Francis V. Randall, commis- sioned capt. of Co. F. 2d regt.. May 25, 1 86 1, promoted col. of the 13th regt., Sept. 24, 1862: mustered out of service July 21, 1863; enlisted and commissioned col. of the 17th regt. Feb. 10, 1864; mus- tered out of service July 17, 1865 ; remov- ed from Montpelier to Brookfield in 1877. Col. Perley P. Pitkin, commissioned quartermaster of the 2d regt. June 6, 1861 ; promoted captain and assistant quarter- master of U. S. vols. Apr. 3, 1862, and subsequently to the rank of colonel and quartermaster of the depot department of the army of the Potomac ; was chosen quartermaster general of Vt. after the close of the war, which office he held several years, and has since remained a resident of Montpelier. Lieut. -Col. Edward M. Brown, adj. 5 regt. Sept. 16, 1861 ; promoted lieut.-col. of the 8th regt., Jan. 9, 1862 ; resigned Dec. 23, 1863. Col. Brown now resides in Bismarck, Dakota, receiving the appoint- ment of U. S. land agent, and removing thenre in 1873. Lieut. -Col. Andrew C. Brown, com- missioned lieut.-col. of the 13th regt., Aug. 25, 1862 ; resigned May 5, 1863, and continues to reside in Montpelier. Lieut. -Col. John H. Edson, commis- sioned lieut.-col. of the loth regt. Aug. 27, 1862; resigned Oct. 16, 1862; resides elsewhere. Maj. John D. Bartlett, commissioned capt. of Co. C, 1st regt., Vt. cav., Oct. 14, 1861 ; promoted to major Nov. 18, 1861 ; resigned Apr. 25, 1862; removed to Ma.ss. in 1870. Maj. James S. Peck, comniissioned 2d lieut. of Co. I. 13th reirt., Aug. 25, 1862; promoted to adj't, Jan. 1863; mus- tered out July 21, 1863 ; enlisted as private in Co. E. 17 regt., Dec. 3, 1863; commis- sioned adj't. of the regt. Apr. 12, 1864; promoted mai'or July 10, 1865; mustered ^ .^-'^j 3^^^y3; MRS. MAHLON COTTRILL. MONTPELIER. 52i out July 25, 1865 ; was chosen adjH. and inspector-gen. of the State in 187 1, hold- ing the office ten years, receiving re-elec- tion, and resigning in 188 1, receiving the appointment of postmaster of this town in April, 1 88 1. Adj't. J. Monroe Poland, commission- ed adjutant of the 15th regt. Oct. 2, 1862 ; mustered out of service Aug. 5, 1863, and continues to reside in town. Capt. William T. Burnham, commis- sioned captain of Co. H.2d regt.. May 23, 1861 ; resigned Oct. 25, 1861 ; died in Montpelier, June 20, 1862. Capt. Horace H. Crossman, commis- sioned 2d lieut. of Co. F. 2d regt.. May 20, 1 861 ; promoted ist lieut. Jan. 24, 1862; capt. Oct. I, 1862; honorably dis- charged Oct. 30, 1863, for wounds receiv- ed in battle, necessitating the amputation of his leg. He died in Washington, D. C, a few years after. Capt. Dayton P. Clark enlisted as private in Co. F. 2d regt. May 7, 1861 ; promoted to sergt. June 20, 1861 ; com- missioned 1st lieut. Jan. 29, 1862; pro- moted to capt. Nov. 3, 1863; was acting adjutant of the regt. for some months, and at the battle of Spottsylvania, May 12, 1864, was in command of the regt. ; mus- tered out of service June 29, 1864, and continues to reside in Montpelier. Capt. Joseph P. Aikens enlisted from Barnard as private in Co. D4th regt. Aug. 28, 1861, receiving promotions to corp. and sergt. ; re-enlisted from Montpeher Dec. 15, 1863; commissioned ist lieut. of Co. C. May 6, 1864; promoted capt. Aug. 9, 1864; wounded at Cedar Creek, Oct. 19, 1864, and honorably discharged Mar. 8, 1865, for wounds received. Capt. Charles H. Anson, enlisted and appointed to quartermaster-serg. of the nth regt. Sept. i, 1862; commissioned 2d lieut. of Co. E. Aug. 11, 1863; promoted to 1st lieut. Dec. 28, 1863, and to captain Apr. 2, 1865, for gallantry in the assault on Petersburgh, Va. ; mustered out of ser- vice June 24, 1865 ; now resides in Mil- waukee, Wis., where he is engaged in business. Capt. James Rice enlisted Aug. 24, 66 1 86 1, as leader of the 5th regt. band; dis- charged April II, 1862 ; enlisted in Co. F. nth regt., and commissioned as capt. Aug. 12, 1862; honorably discharged for disa- bility, Apr. 28, 1865 ; now a resident of Pueblo, New Mexico, where he removed to soon after the war, and has held the office of mayor of that city since his residence there for some years. Capt. George S. Robinson of Mont- pelier, as a credit from Berlin, commis- sioned 1st lieut. of Co.C. 13th regt., Aug. 29, 1862 ; resigned Feb. 16, 1863 ; enlisted and commissioned capt. of Co. E. 17th regt., Apr. 12, 1864; wounded April 12, 1865 ; mustered out June 14, 1865, and continues to reside in Montpelier. Capt. Alfred L. Carlton, commis- sioned regt. quartermaster of the i ith regt. Aug. 14. 1862 ; promoted to 2d lieut. of Co. C. Dec. 12, 1862; to captain and com- missary of subsistence of U. S. vols.. Mar. II, 1863; mustered out in 1865; died in Montpelier, May 29, 1874. Capt. John W. Clark, commissioned quartermaster of the 6th regt. Sept. 28, 1 861 ; promoted to capt. and assist, quar/- termasterof theU. S. vols., Apr. 11, 1864; resigned Dec. 7, 1864; appointed post- master of Montpelier, Mar. 1869, holding the office 12 years, retiring July i, 1881. Capt. Fred E. Smith, commissioned as quartermaster of the 8th regt., Nov. 23, 1861 ; honorably discharged Nov. 30, 1863, and continues to reside in Montpelier. Capt. Edward Dewey, commissioned quartermaster of the 8th regt., Jan. 12, 1864; promoted capt. and assist, quarter- master of U. S. vols., Feb. 11, 1865, and continues to reside in Montpelier. O. M. Nelson A. Taylor, commis- sioned quartermaster of the 13th regt., Nov. 28, 1862; mustered out July 21, '63; residence Nov. i, 188 1, Council Bluifs, la. Surgeon Charles M. Chandler, com- missioned assist, surgeon of the 6th regt., Oct. 10, 1861 ; promoted to surgeon Oct. ^9, 1861 ; resigned Oct. 7, 1863, and re- sumed his practice in Montpelier, where he continues to reside. 1st Lieut. Walter A. Phillips, com- missioned 1st lieut. Co. F. 2d regt.. May 522 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. 21, 1861 ; discharged Dec. 31, 1861 ; en- listed as a credit from Calais, as private of Co. H. 13th regt., Aug., 1862; pro- moted Corp. and sergt., and com. as ist lieut., June 4, 1863; mustered out July 21, 1863 ; enlisted and com. as 2d lieut. of 3d battery, Dec. 12, 1863; promotec] to ist lieut. Jan. 2, 1864, honorably discharged Feb. 3, 1865, for disability, and now re- sides in Peoria, 111., where he is engaged in business. 1st LiEur. Russell T. Chamberlain, enlisted as private in Co. G. 4th regt., Aug. 27, 1861 ; promoted corp. March 3, 1862; re-enlisted; promoted sergt. June 10, 1864; regt'l com. sergt., Jan. i, 1865; 2d lieut. Co. A. Feb. 27, 1865 ; ist lieut. June 4, 1865 ; mustered out July 13, 1865 ; was taken prisoner, and in confinement several months ; he now resides in Oregon. 1st Lieut. Charles C. Spalding, commissioned sergt. -maj. of the 5th regt., Sept. 16, 1861 ; promoted to ist lieut. of Co. D. Nov. 5, 1861 ; honorably discharg- ed for disability Oct. 10, 1862; died in Boston, Jan. 19, 1877. 1st Lieut. George H. Hatch, regt'l com. sergt. Oct. 15, 1861, of the 6th regt. ; promoted 2d lieut. of Co. H. Oct. 22; 1862; 1st lieut. May 4, 1863; mustered out of service Oct. 28, 1863"; now resides in Nashua, N. H. 1st Lieut. Henry C. Abbott, enlisted Nov. 9, 1 861, as private in Co. C. 8th regt ; promoted ist lieut. in 2d Louisiana regt. Sept. I, 1862. ist Lieut. William B. Burbank, en- listed in Co. E. 17th regt. ; com. 2d lieut. April 9, 1864; promoted ist lieut. Aug. 22, 1864; mustered out of service July 25, 1865 ; died in Montpelier, Nov. 5, 1870. 1st Lieut. James C. Lamb, enhsted as private in Co. E. 17th regt., Dec. 23, '63 ; promoted quartermaster sergt. Oct. 17 '64; 1st lieut. Co. B. July i, '65 ; mustered out July 14, '65 ; died in Montpelier, March 18, 1869. ist Lieut. George D. Howard, com- missioned 1st lieut. Co. M. frontier cavalry, Jan. 3, 1865 ) resigned Mar. i6, '65 ; now resides elsewhere. 1st Lieut. Frank Anson, enlisted as a credit from Halifax as private in Co. E. nth regt., Jan. 5, 1864; regtlcom. sergt. Jan. 17, 1864; regt'l quartermaster sergt. Sept. I, 1864; promoted 2d lieut. Co. A. May 13, 1865; 1st lieut. May 23, 1865; mustered out of service Aug. 25, 1S65 ; now resides in Milwaukee, Wis., where he is engaged in business. 1st Lieut. Ezra Stetson, commission- ed 1st lieut. Co. B. lothregt., Aug. 4, '62; killed at Cold Harbor, June i, 1864. 1st Lieut. Edward J. Stickney, en- listed as private of Co. B. July 30, 1862; promoted corp. Mar. 27, 1864 ; sergt. Sept. I, 1864; 2d lieut. Dec. 19, 1S64; ist lieut. March 22, 1865; mustered out July 21, 1865; died in Montpelier,. Jan. 12, 1875. 1st Lieut. Charles W. Clark, ap- pointed as regt'l com. sergt. nth regt., Sept. I, 1862; promoted 2d lieut. Co. G. March 29, 1863; ist lieut. Nov. 2, 1863; mustered out of service June 24, 1865 ; re- sides at present in Montpelier. ist Lieut. John R. Willson, enlisted as private of Co. 1. i ith Vt. July 15, 1862 ; promoted corp. Jan. i, 1864; sergt. Sept. 22,1864; 2d lieut. Dec. 2, 1864; wounded March 27, 1865 ; promoted ist lieut. June 1865, mustered out of service June 24, '65 ; and now resides in Maiden, Mass. 1st. Lieut. Albert Clark, enlisted as private in Co. I. 13th regt. Aug. 25, 1862; promoted sergt. Oct. 10,1862; ist lieut. Co. G. Jan. 22, 1863; mustered out July 21, 1863; now resides in Boston, Mass. 1st Lieut. Samuel F. Prentiss, enlist- ed as private in Co. I.Aug. 25, 1862; promoted ist lieut. Feb. 23, 1863; muster- ed out July 21, 1863; now resides in New York city, where he is successfully engaged in the practice of law. 2d Lieut. Charles W. Randall, ap- pointed sergt. maj. of the 13th regt. Oct. 10, 1862 ; promoted 2d lieut. Co. G. Jan. '63 ; mustered out July 21, '63; enlisted and com. 2d lieut. of Co. C. 17th regt., Feb. 23, '64 ; honorably discharged for disabil- ity March 9, 1865 ; died in Montpelier Oct. 20, 1868. 2d Lieut. James B. Riker, enlisted Dec. 31, 1 861, as private in ist battery; quartermaster sergt. Sept. 20, 1862 ; pro- MOrvfTPELIER. 523 moted sergt.-maj. Sept. 1863^ 2d lieut. April 4, 1864; mustered out of service Aug. 10, 1864; now resides in New York. 2d Lieut. Eben Taplin, enlisted as private in 3d battery, Dec. 16, 1863; pro- moted Corp. Jan. i, 1864; wounded Aug. 8, '64; promoted Aug. 23, 1864, quarter- master sergt. ; 2d lieut. Feb. 28, 1865 ; mustered out June 15, 1865; now resides in Burlington, Vt. c. de f. Bancroft. Dec. I, 1881. MILITARY NECROLOGY. Soldiers who have died in to^vn since the war. rSet military talilc, pp. 34-.'-a49.) Thos. C. Alexander, Nov. 27, '69, age 39, 13th reg. Sam'l. Andrews, Aug. 27,70, age 25, 2d Vt. bat. Lieut. Chas. E. Bancroft, Feb. i, '79. age 49, Co. I, 13th reg. (Waterbury.) Lieut. Wm. B. Burbank, Nov. 5, '70, age 33, 17th reg. Capt. Wm. T. Burnham, June 20, '62, age 51, 2d reg. Maj. Alfred L. Carlton, May 29, '74. age 45, I ith reg. John S. Collins, Nov. 27, '67, age 30, F. C. cav. L. M. Collins, Dec. 8, '71. age 26, 17th reg. (East Montpelier.) Solomon Dodge, Dec. 11, ''64, age 39, Ohio reg. Lorenzo Dow, Dec. i, '69, age 25, 2d Vt. bat. (Berlin.) William Dow, Sept. 18, '71. age 33, 2d Vt. bat. (Berlin.) Olin French, Sept. 29, '68, age 28, ist cav. reg. (Bar re.) John C. Hackett, Oct. 13, '75, age 56, 6th reg. (Berlin.) Orlena Hoyt, June 30, "78, age 72,5th reg. Timothy Hornbrook, Dec. 24, '74, age 32, 2d reg. (Berlin.) John W. Ladd, Dec. 4, '70. age 34, 13th Lieut. James C. Lamb, Mar. 16, '69, age 38, 13th and 17th reg. Lieut. Chas. S. Loomis, Dec. 8, '68, .age 38, on Gen. McPherson's staff. Peter Lemoine, Apr. 3, '67, age 22, ist Vt. bat. (Plainfield.) Chas. W. Randall, Oct. 20, '68, age 22, 13th and 17th reg. Benj. Spinard, May 2i,'79> age 39, nth reg. (Albany, Vt.) Louis Seymour, Dec. 29, '72, age 39, Co, M, 1st Vt. cav. Lieut. Edward J. Stickney, Jan. 12, '75, age 30, loth reg. Andrew St. John, Jan. 5, '']'], age 57, 17th reg. Cyril Wheeler, Mar. 18, '76, age 47, 2d reg. (East Montpelier.) Alfred Whitney, July 30, "76, age 48, I Ith reg. (Berlin.) Surgeon Jas. B. Woodward, Oct. 4, '79, age 55. (Kansas reg.) Edwin C. Cummins, Feb. 27, '73, age 34, 4th reg. (East Montpelier.) Montpelier soldiers who have died elsewhere since the war. Jerome E. Ballou, Jan. 25, '75, age 32, 13th reg., at Cincinnati. Henry M. Bradley, Nov. 12, '65, age 24, loth reg., at Williston. Curtis A. Coburn, Nov. 7, '66, age 25, loth reg., at New Orleans. Capt. Horace F. Crossman, 2d reg., at Washington, D. C. Franklin S. French, ist cav., at Chicago. Alfred Girard, 17th reg., at Coaticook, Que., Apr. 9, 1875. Frank J. Brunell, in 1864. Wm. Guinan, Nov. 6, '74, age 44, 2d and 17th reg., at Springfield, Mass. David Goodwin, Feb. 27, '''j},, age 33, 5th reg., at Hartford, Conn. Thos. H. McCaulley, Mar. 26, '67, age 24, 2d reg., at Hanover, N. H. Chas. D. Swasey, died June, '65, age 31, 13th reg., at Minneapolis, Minn. George S. Severance, 3d reg., killed in railroad accident in Illinois, 1869. Curtis H. Seaver, June 29, '72, age 32, 13th reg., at Richmond, Vt. Robert Patterson, Dec. 27, '74, age 57, loth reg., at Fitchburg, Mass. Hiram D. Sinclair, Aug. 25, '71, age 58, 8th reg. Lieut. Chas. C. Spalding, Jan. 19, '''j'j, age 50, 5th reg., at Boston. Peter Tebo, ist cav., died in Plainfield a few years since. c. de f. b. 524 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. GREEN MOUNT CEMETERY. Revolutionary War. — Elder Ziba Wood- worth died in 1826, aged 66. Eliakim D. Persons died in 1846, aged 81. War of 1812. — George W. Bailey, Sr., died in 1868, aged 70. William Bennett in 1878, aged 85. Darius Boyden, 1850, aged 85. Abel Carter in 1869, aged 83. Col. Parley Davis, '48, aged 82. Jacob F. Dodge in 1838, aged 56. Amos Farley in 1836, aged 59. Lieut. Joseph Howes in 1863, aged 80. Abijah Howard in 1840, aged 62. Capt. Timothy Hubbard in 1840, aged 66. Roger Hubbard in 1848, aged 65. Azro Loomis in 1831. Jonathan P. Miller in 1847, aged 50. Lieut. Thomas Reed in 1864, aged 71. Capt. Isaac Rick- er in 1837, aged 53. Jonathan Shepard in 1863, aged 91. Cyrus Ware in 1849, aged 80. Araunah Waterman in 1859, aged 80. Daniel Wilson in 1875, aged 70. War of the Rebellion. — ist Lieut. Chas. E. Bancroft, Jerome E. Ballou. Henry Black, member of 2d Maine regt., died at Sloan hospital, Montpelier July 9, 1864. Capt. Lucius H. Bostwick, Co. F 13th Vt. regt., died June 4, '63, age 25. Capt. William T. Burnham, Lieut. Wm. B. Burbank, Maj. Alfred L. Carlton, John S. Collins, Luther M. Collins, Wm. Dow. Surgeon Elihu Foster, surgeon of the 7th regt., died in Hydepark, Jan. 9, 1867. John Fisk, iith regt., died in Hydepark, Oct. 4, 1863. John C. Hackett, Thomas Hand, 2d Vt. regt., died at Sloan Hospital, Jan. 8, 1865. John W. Ladd, Lieut. James C. Lamb, Lieut. Charles S. Loomis. Vernon L. Loomis, member Co. H 3d. regt., died Feb. 3, 1863, aged 19 years. Arthur M. Pearson, member Co. F 2d regt., died in Berlin, Sept. 15, 1876, age 40. Philander A. Preston, Co. C ist cav., 'ied in Florence, S. C, Jan. 20, 1865, age 31. Harlan P. Sargent, Co. I 9th Vt., died at Fortress Monroe, Nov. 30, 1863, ^g^ 25. Lieut. Charles C. Spalding, Lieut. Ed- ward J. Stickney, Charles D. Swasey. Wallace H. Whitney, Co. M rst cav., died at Sloan hospital, Montpelier, Jan. 27, 1865. Alfred Whitney. ELM STREET CEMETERY. Revolutionary War. — Col Jacob Davis died Feb., 1814, age 75. Aaron Griswold died in 1847, age 95. Luther King died in 1842, age 88. H^ar of 18 1 2. — Stukeley Angell died in 1S70, age J 2,. David Barton in 1839, "^b^ 57 ; Silas Burbank in 1847, age 78. Joseph Buzzell in 1833, age 68. Simeon Cum- mins in 1836, aged 55. Thomas Hazard in 1856, aged 75. Capt. Eben Morse in 1858, age 85. Samuel Mead in 1827, age 40. Iram Nye in 18 — , age — . Ira Owen in 1836, age 48. George Rich in 1834, age 48. Diah Richardson in 1866, age 72. Harry Richardson in 1862, age 70. War of Rebellion, j86i. — Selden B. Harran, Co F 2d regt., died at George- town, D. C, Nov. I4,.i86i,age 20. Sergt. Omri S. Atherton, Co. C 17th regt., died Nov. 6, 1864, age 23. Sergt. Thomas McCaulIey. CENTER CEMETERY. War of 1812. — ^James Arbuckle died in 1844, age 61. Moses Parmenter in 1860, age 85. Benjamin Phinney In 1831, age 61. Nathaniel Proctor in 1866, age 88-. Josiah Wing in 1849, aged jt,. John Young in 1876, age 89. Mexican U'ar. — Capt. George W. Estes of the navy died in 1871, aged 60. War of i86i. — Samuel Andrews, Ed- win C. Cummins. Lorenzo D. Cutler, Co. C 13th regt., died July 24, 1863, age 21. Lorenzo Dow. Andrew H. Emerson, Co. E 17th regt., died July 27, 1864, aged 18. Albert N. Mann, Co. I 9th regt., died Sept. 8, 1872, age 28. Orvis Ormsbee, Co. G 4th regt., died in Virginia, Jan. 19, 1862, age 21. Hiram D. Sinclair. Wil- lard Snow, Co. C 13th regt., died July 19, 1863, age 23. Cyril Wheeler. Lemuel B. Wing, 2d Co. Sharpshooters, died in 1867, age 22. CATHOLIC CEMETERY. War of 1861.— William Blair, Co. I 13th regt., died in Berlin, June 7, 1873, age 28. Walter Burke, Co. H 13th regt., died at Wolfs Run Shoals, March 4, 1863, age 23. Frank Lanier, Co. C nth regt., died in Berlin. Abraham Leazer, Co. C MONTPELIER. 52s 13th regt., died in Virginia, March j6, '63, aged 45. Rock Lemwin, Co. E .17th regt., March 11, 1864, age 43. Peter Lemoine, Erank Sanchargrin, died at Sloan hos- pital, Montpelier, in 1864. Louis Sey- mour. Joseph Shontell, 3d Battery, died in Washington, D. C, March 13, 1864, age 19. Andrew St. John, Peter Tebo. ON STATE AKSENAL GROUNDS. Sevnnary Hill. — William Whitney, 3d regt., died at Sloan hospital, Jan. 27,1865, age 27. Momiments in Green Mount Cemetery of those buried elsewhere. — Charles W. Storrs, Co. K 7th regt., died of wounds at Mobile, Ala., April 10, 1865, age 23. Gilman D. Storrs, Co. B loth regt., killed at Orange Grove, Nov. 27, 1863, age 20. Oscar Maxham, Co. E 8th regt., died at Salis- bury, N. C, Feb. II, 1864, age 27. Or- rin Maxham, Co. E 8th regt., died in Louisiana, Feb. 6, 1863, age 23. Eliphalet Bryant, nth U. S. A. regu- lars, died in Richmond, Va. May, 1 88 1, there were 28 headstones furnished by the government, and erected for the soldiers buried in the diiTerent cem- eteries of Montpelier. BURIED IN NATIONAL CEMETERIES. James M. Carr, loth regt. Co B. John H. Brown, 3d Battery. Ezekiel S. Wal- dron, loth regt. Co B, City Point. Tuffield Cay hue, loth regt. Co. B, Cold Harbor, Va. Joseph Ladue, 4th regt. Co. G, Culpepper Court House. Robert Brooks, loth regt. Co. B, Dan- ville, Va. Felix H. Kennedy, loth regt. Co. B. Benjamin F. Taylor, 2d regt. Co. F, Cy- press Hill, N. Y. Benjamin N. Wright, 13 regt. Co. L Gettysburgh, Penn. James E. Thayer, 8th regt. Co. E, Chale- mette, near New Orleans. Sydney A. Gilman, 4th regt. Co. G, Andersonville, Ga. Charles Storrs, 7th regt, Co. K, Mo- bile, Ala. Roswell Franklin, 3d regt. Co. H. Allen Greeley, loth regt. Co. B, Alexandria, Va. Harris Buxton, nth regt. Co. H. Har- mon O. Kent, 4th regt. Co. G. Albert J. Ayer, loth regt. Co. B, Asylum, Washing- ton, D. C. C. DE F. B. ANECDOTES AND INCIDENTS OF MONTPE- LIER SOLDIERS. The first man to offer his services to his country from Montpelier was Robert J. Coffey, who at the age of 19 years enlisted in Co. F, 1st Vt. regt., .which was mus- tered into service May 2, 1861. Five more boys from the town responded to the call and enlisted in the same company within a^few hours after. On being mus- tered out with the regiment, Aug. 15, 1861, Sergt. Coffey enlisted Sept. 5, 1861, in Co. K, 4th regiment. At the battle of Banks' Ford, Va., May 2, 1863, one inci- dent occurred, it being the next day after the 6th Army Corps had charged and captured Mary's Heights. During the battle, Co. K, 4th regiment was deployed as skirmishers. After making a charge and capturing a number of prisoners, and withdrawing back towards the rear, ist Lieut. Chas. Carter who was in the command of the company, shouted " come on boys ; we will get more of them yet." Sergt. Coffey went forward with the lieutenant a short distance, when spying a rebel taking aim at the lieutenant from behind a tree, he fired, the ball taking effect in the rebel's arm, when he advanced and gave himself up a prisoner, and was sent to the rear. They then advanced to the brow of a small hill. The bullets coming thick, they crawled behind an old tree-top for protec- tion. Sergt. Coffey reloaded his rifle here, an Enfield, and as they were rising up to take their departure, — things getting a little warm there — w^ien they were front- ed by three rebels, an officer and two men, who upon the demand made by the serg- geant and lieutenant, surrendered and threw down their arms. As Lieut. Carter started with the prisoners to the rear, Sergt. Coffey heard the clanking of a sword, and ran around the tree-top, and was met by a large, fine looking rebel officer. The reply to the demand of .surrender made by Sergt. Coffey was a blow across the ser- geant's bayonet from the sword of the offi- cer, which was parried off. As the rebel drew his revolver to fire, the sergeant dis- charged his rifle at him from a position of charge bayonets. The officer fell dead, 526 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. being shot through the head. At this mo- ment Lieut. Carter called on Sergt. Coffey to come back with him. As the sergeant started to go, he saw a rebel captain and six men just below him, which was on the bank of a small stream. At this moment, when the captain was giving an order to his men, the sergeant pointed his empty rifle into his face and ordered him to sur- render. The captain thinkirig that they were surrounded exclaimed, " don'tshoot," and ordered his men, who were in the rear of him several feet, to surrender. The cap- tain gave himself up ; the other six men came upon the bank, five of them privates, all armed with Enfield rifles, and the other, a lieutenant, also well armed. Dropping their guns, the sergeant threw them into the stream below. As tliey ad- vanced towards where the captain stood, the lieutenant says to the captain, "what are we a doing here? he is all alone." The sergeant pointed his rifle into the lieu- tenant's face and cocked it, and told him to march on. As they advanced a squad of Co. A boys, who were forming a skir- mish line on the right, came in sight ; the sergeant called on them for assistance, as they were but a few rods off"; which call they responded to by coming. Taking the swords from the captain and lieutenant, the sergeant marched them in the direction of his regiment, which had just formed a Hne of battle on a little rise of ground sev- eral rods in the rear. The sergeant deliv- ered them over to Col. Stoughton in the presence of the regiment. The colonel directed him to take them to the rear and deliver them to the prevost guard. On their way the rebel captain informed Sergt. Coff'ey that his name was Carpenter, and that he was captain of a company in the 2 1 St North Carolina regiment, thai the lieutenant belonged to the same regiment, and also that the officer whom he killed, was a major of the same regiment. The five privates belonged to the 8th Louisiana regiment. There being no vacancy for promotion at that time, Sergt. Coffey was detailed with si.x other deserving men to go to Vermont and assist in making out the draft. Six days after he rejoined his regiment ; he was wounded at Fairfax Court house, Va., in such a manner as to further disable him for service in the war. The above narration is authenticated by several comrades of his regiment as a true narrative. In addition to this narrative might be added many more of the daring deeds per- formed by Montpelier "boys" in the army. Among them that performed by private Wallace W. Noyes of Co. F, 2d regiment, who received special mention from the commanding officer at the battle of Spott- sylvania, May 12, 1864. He mounted the enemy's breast works and fired some 30 rifles down into the enemy in rapid succes- sion, they being loaded and passed up to him by his comrades from below ; the bul- lets passing like rain above him, but he escaped unhurt, although a bullet passed through his cap and was knocked off; he was afterwards severely wounded, but re- covered, and now resides in Montpelier. Another deed which is credited in history from his commanding officer, was by Cor- poral William L. Washburn of the 3d Vt. battery, at the engagement before Peters- burgh, Va., in April, 1865. At one stage in the engagement, the severe firing from the enemy's guns compelled the 3d battery boys to leave their guns and retire behind some breast-works in the rear. Corp. Washburn remained by his gun, a 12 pounder, and loaded and fired alone, that the battery might not be silenced. There he continued until the " boys" returned to the guns. He escaped without a scratch. NOTES AND NECROLOGY. Samuel Abbott, engaged in the jewelry business for many years in town, died May 4, 1861, aged 70. Aaron Bancroft, Jr., an excellent me chanic at several trades, and in early life engaged in the jewelry business, was a great "wag," always full of jokes. He was commissioned captain of a militia company in town, which office he held several years from 1833. He died March 23, 1869, aged 60 years. Chas. E. Bancroft, for some years engag- ed in the stove and tin business in this MONTPELIER. 527 town ; was a man of mechanical genius, having taken out several patents, principal- ly on tinman's tools. He died Feb. i, 1879, aged 49, leaving one son, Chas. De F., and one daughter, Alice D. Cornelius Watrous Bancroft, (see biog- raphy of Carlos Bancroft,) was engaged many years in the mercantile business ; an excellent business man and citizen, diedr Jan. 22, 1856, aged 48, leaving a son, Howard, now residing in Columbus, O. Arthur D. Bancroft died April 11, 1881, aged 37, (see biog. page 497.) James Boyden came about 1830; was for some years engaged in preaching the Universalist faith, but giving this up, fol- lowed his trade, that of cabinet maker, until his death, Jan. 22, 1875, aged "]"] . Milton Brown, Esq., son of Amasa Brown, was born April, 1801, in Winch- endon, Mass. ; came to Montpelier with his father in 1807, resided in Worcester, representing that town 7 years in the legis- lature, and removing to Montpelier, was high sheriff several years. He died July 3, 1853, aged 54. Geo. P. Blake, a merchant, died sud- denly, Aug. I, 1854, aged 51. Silas Burbank, a native of Montpelier, for many years successfully engaged in business in town, died Aug. 14, 1872, aged 65 years. Hon. Augustine Clark, who had held the office of state treasurer while a resi- dent of this town, but was for many years previous a resident of Danville, holding many offices in that town and county, died June 17, 1841, aged 59. Wyllys I. Cadwell, who came to this town in 1799, and was successfully en- gaged in business, died in 1823, aged about 45. Wm. W. Cadwell, son of Wyllys I., for many years engaged in business, and also holding various town offices — ^justice of peace, overseer of the poor — died Dec. 17, 1877, aged 78. Col. Abel Carter, a leading citizen of this town, born in Lancaster, Mass., died Jan. 9, 1869, aged 83, in Lowell, Mass. Lyman G. Camp, who came about 1830, was a contractor and builder, and Wash- ington County jailor many years. He died May 15, 1879, aged 84, leaving 5 daughters and 3 sons. Zebina C. Camp came in 1820; was a contractor and builder of railroads, held the office of sergeant-at-arms of the State for several years, and the town office of road commissioner many years ; died Jan. 3, 1 88 1, aged 76. Geo. W. Collamer represented the town in the Legislature ; was extensively en- gaged in manufacturing, and accumulated a large property ; died October 15, 1865, aged 62. Jacob Davis, Jr., son of Col. Jacob Davis, the first settler of the town, who came with his father at the age of 19 years, died May 4, 185 1, aged 83. Thomas Davis, who was the youngest son of Col. Davis, was 17 at the time of its settlement. He was the builder and owner of the first Pavilion, and died Dec. 17, 1864, aged 95 years. Anson Davis, son of Thomas, held va- rious town offices, and was some years sheriff; died Sept. 11, 1880, aged 71, leav- ing one son, James, residing in New York city. Simeon Dewey, one of the first settlers of the town of Berlin, but for the last 20 years of his life residing in this village with his .son. Dr. Julius Y. Dewey, died Jan. 1 1 , 1863, aged 92. Osman Dewey, son of Simeon, a worthy citizen, died Feb. 5, 1863, aged 68 years, leaving four sons, Frank, now a wealthy merchant of Boston ; DenLson, Simeon and Orville, of Montpelier; two daughters, Mrs. John W. Clark, of this village, and Mrs. H. L Proctor, residing in Iowa. Amos Farley, a member of Montpelier Co. at Plattsburgh, in 181 2, and for many years foreman of the Watchman office, died Feb. 5, 1836, aged 59. Gen. Shubael B. Flint was Brig. Gen. of the State militia several years, was engaged in the harness business some years, and died Dec. 18, 1856, aged 57. Stephen Freeman, engaged in the jew- elry business in town from 1864 until death, was an excellent citizen ; died Apr. 13, 1872, aged 54. VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Silas C. French, for many years engaged in the boot and shoe business in town, died Aug. 28, 1863, aged 79. Geo. P. Foster, for 15 years proprietor of the Union House, from 1865, an en- ergetic citizen, died Jan. i, 1881, aged 48, leaving one son, Chas. O. Foster. Fernando C. Oilman, a son of Jehial Oilman, born in Montpelier, was engaged many years in the manufacturing of car- riages in town, until his death, Nov. 26, 1880, aged 56, leaving one son, Septimus C, now residing in Boston. David Oray, one of the early citizens of Montpelier, a member of Montpelier Co. at Plattsburgh, died Nov. 16, 1865, aged 83. Two sons, men of property, William and David R., reside in town. John Oray came to Montpelier with his father in 1^4, at the age of 8 years ; was a farmer, and accumulated a large prop- erty, in speculations, being an active busi- ness man. He died in the village, Dec. 14, 1877, aged 91. Nehemiah Harvey came here in 1810; was a partner of Silas C. French in the shoe business many years, and died April 22, 1869, aged 75. His two sons, Howard died in the West, and Alonzo K. in Mont- pelier. Robert Hargin, born in Ireland, came to Montpelier in 1832, was many years con- nected with the old Pavilion in Cottrill's day ; was constable of the town several years, and an active member of the Meth- odist church, died Aug. 17, 1878, aged 64. Chester W. Houghton, proprietor many years of the old Union House, also en- gaged several years in the tin business, died May 26, 1826, aged 47. Abijah Howard came in an early day, held various town offices, was a much- respected citizen, a member of the Mont- pelier Co. at the battle of Plattsburgh, and died Dec. 30, 1840, aged 62. Edwin C. Holmes came to Montpelier in 1826, when a boy; became a successful merchant; was a partner of Carlos Ban- croft about 20 years ; married a daughter of Capt. Isaac Riker; died May 17, 1871, aged 59, leaving a son, Edwin C, now re- siding in Texas, and a"daughter, Helen, wife of Oeo. Howes. Roger Hubbard, a brother of Captain Timothy Hubbard, came at an early day, and was engaged in business many years. He was a member of the Montpelier Co. at Plattsburgh, and died Nov. 1848, aged 65, leaving three sons, Erastus, Oustavus and Oeorge, the two former residing in town, and a daughter, Fanny, who married Martin Kellogg, and resides in New York. Chester Hubbard, another brother of Capt. Timothy, also came at an early day ; was a successful business man, and died Aug. 27, 1832, aged 44, leaving one son, Timothy J., and a daughter, who married Anderson D. Dieter, a merchant of New Orleans, since a resident of Montpelier, and now deceased. Timothy J. Hubbard, who accumulated a handsome property in real estate specu- lations, died Nov. 7, 1880, aged 57. William B. Hubbard came herein 1830, accumulated a large property in business, and died Nov. 21, 1871, aged 70 years, leaving one son, Wm. E., residing in town. Two daughters, Mrs. Oeo. Wilder and Mrs. Kinsman, are both deceased. John Barnard Langdon, eldest son of Col. James H. Langdon, engaged in busi- ness in early life, died July 2, 1868, aged 57, leaving one son, John B. Jr., now of Montpelier. Azro Loomis, merchant, of an early date, died in 1831. Left one son, Hora- tio S., of this town. Edwin C. Lewis, a boot and shoe mer- chant, died May 13, 1867, aged 57 years. Joel Mead came to Montpelier at an early day, and married Lucy, sister of Col. James H. Langdon ; was engaged in busi- ness ; on the loth of March, 1838, was drowned by the breaking of the ice when crossing Lake Champlain, aged 53 years. He left four sons, Almon A., of this town, James and Joel, now in the West, and Lucius, deceased, and a daughter, who married Harry S. Boutwell, of this town. His widow is yet living, aged 92. Levi Pierce, druggist and apothecary, a worthy young man, died at the age of 36, MONTPELIER. 529 Jan. 19, 1864, leaving two sons, Clarence C. and John C. Addison L. Paige, for many years in the livery business, and also held the office of sheriff, died April 4, 1865, aged 55. Loomis Palmer came in 1829, was en- gaged in business several years, and died Apr. 9, 1875, aged 63. Dea. Alfred Pitkin, who was engaged in trade many years from about 1820, died Oct. 26, 1855, aged 64. His only son, Alfred Jr., died Oct. 8, 1846, aged 22. Orrin Pitkin, engaged in the meat busi- ness for about 50 years, from 1820, died April 25, 1879, aged 76. His youngest son Charles C, died in Montpelier, Sept. 11, 1872, aged 19. Nathaniel Proctor came at an early day, was a member of the Montpelier Co. at the battle of Plattsburgh, and died Mar 31, 1866, aged 88. Dr. Chas. R. Pell, an excellent citizen, who opened a dental office in town in 1871, died Mar. 4, 1881, aged 35, leaving four sons all in their teens. Luther Poland, father of the Hons. Luke P. and Joseph Poland, came in 1850; was engaged in lumbering, and died June 16, 1880, aged 90. Luman Rublee came in 18 1 8, was en- gaged in the hat manufacturing business many years, and died May 12, 1879, aged 86. (See biography ofDr. C. M. Rublee.) Barnabas Snow, an esteemed resident of the town, born in Montpelier, ■ 1797, died June 30, 1873 ; married a sister of Car- los Bancroft, by whom he had 3 daughters, Mrs. N. C. Tabor, Mrs. Luther Cree, of Montpelier, and Mrs. Watson of Mass. Philip Sprague, son of the Hon. Wooster Sprague, who was president of the horti- cultural society of Boston, died Aug. 6, 1874, aged 44. Isaiah Silver, for many years a leading merchant in town, died May 5, 1865, aged 74, leaving five sons, George, William, Albert, Charles E., and Henry D., a sergt. of Co. F of ist U. S. artillery, who had the honor of planting the American flag on the bloody hill of Cerro Gordo, in the Mexican war. He died at San Juan de Ulloa, Mexico, June 7, 1848. 67 William S. Smith came in 1841 ; was en- gaged in the produce business until his death. Mar. 19, 1870, aged 62, leaving one son, Carlos L., and two daughters, one, now wife ofWm. O. Standish, all of Mont- pelier. Peter G. Smith, colored, came to Mont- pelier in 1832, and opened hair-dressing rooms, which business he continued in until death ; was a citizen of the highest character, respected by all of his towns- men. He died Dec. 7, 1878, aged 71. Wm. S. Storrs came in 1823, was en- gaged in business many years, and died Mar. 5, 1870, aged 65. His two sons were killed in the Rebellion. (See war record, page 350.) Josiah Town came in 1810, and com- njenced business, which he continued until his death, March 30, 1826, aged 49, leav- ing two sons, Josiah, who died Sept. 20, 1832, aged 31, and Ira S., a jeweler of this village. Preston Trow came in 1830, was en- gaged in house building, and accumulated a handsome property. He died Oct. i, 1879, aged 69. Dr. B. O. Tyler came to Montpelier in 1852, and engaged in the druggist busi- ness for some years; died May 21, 1878, aged 80. Elisha Town, an inventor of consider- able note, taking out several patents, died Apr, 12, 1844, aged 63, leaving five sons. Snow, Samuel, Benjamin, Bar- nard, and a physician residing in Marsh- field. The first four, whose ages are from 60 to 76, all reside in town, within a few rods of where they were born, each being a few rods from each other. John Taplin, Esq., one of the first and leading settlers of the town of Berlin, (see Berlin,) but residing the last years of his life in Montpelier with his children, was married twice. By his first wife he had 12 children; by his second, 9, all but one living — that being accidentally scalded in infancy — to maturity, marrying, and settling down as the heads of families, thus furnishing an instance of family fruitful- ness and health which perhaps never had a 53° VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. parallel in the State of Vermont. He died Nov. 1835, aged 87. Jackson A. Vail. Esq., son of Joshua Y. Vail, represented the town in the Legisla- ture, (see Washington Co. Bar,) and died Apr. 16, 1871, aged 56. Col. Asahel Washburn, a highly esteem- ed citizen, being the originator of Sunday- schools in Vermont, died Apr. 9, 1856, aged 84. Gamaliel Washburn, for upwards of 30 years a worthy resident of Montpelier, and for several holding the office of sheriiF and jailor, was a Mason of the highest degrees in the Masonic order. He died Dec; 28, 1868, aged 66, leaving three sons. Miles, now of Boston; Geo. C, a physician of Waterbury; and Justus W. F., of Mont- pelier; and two daughters, Mrs. D. S. Wheatley, of this town, and Mrs. Emory Bailey, of Boston. Chas. Wood, son of Cyrus Wood, en- gaged in the tin business several years, and died Feb. 5, 1864, aged 54, leaving one son, Charles E. Jonathan E. Wright, a most esteemed citizen, son of Rev. Chester Wright, was several years engaged in business in town, removed to Boston, where he continued in business about 20 years, and returned to Montpelier, where he died, May 9, 1872, aged 61, leaving one son. Rev. J. Edward Wright, pastor of the Church of the Messiah, Fanny, a daughter, having de- ceased some years since. ADDITIONAL CITIZENS' NECROLOGY. 1857 Abbott, Christopher 29 1875 Abbott, Timothy 49 1880 Ainsworth, Nathaniel D 52 1827 Bacon, Samuel 27 1 838 Bancroft, Henry 24 1848 Bancroft, Azro 29 1845 Bancier, Ambrosie Jr. 24 1847 Bancier, Ambrosie 67 1862 Bancier, Louis 52 1834 Baldwin, Edward 33 1839 Barton, David 57 1867 Bickford, Ebenezer 57 1875 Bixby, Luther 59 1837 Bigelow, Silas yj 1880 Bisconers, John 45 1877 Benway, Eli 59 1872 Belair, Edward 55 1878 Braley, Andrew J 50 1 853 Bryant, Jeremiah 56 870 846 828 866 874 844 874 874 833 874 880 828 830 833 836 836 866 844 881 862 842 873 839 868 872 874 831 875 852 859 849 867 852 ^53 837 841 875 828 854 865 865. 84s 854 863 864 878 841 861 838 879 866 834 842 853 835 843 848 875 871 872 844 847 Bryant, Henry 32 Brooks, Zolates 22 Brooks, Lorenzo D 23 Brockway, Abner 49 Brown, Josiah L 64 Brown, Stewart 65 Broody, Mathew 22 Buckley, Francis .... 56 Burnham, Lewis 68 Buswell, George M 51 Buzzel, Joseph 68 Butterfly, Napoleon 19 Buck, Dana 62 Cam])bell, Henry 49 Campbell, David iS Carr, Samuel 40 Carrigan, John 48 Caravan, John 27 Carpenter, David 59 Cartemarche, David 45 Carson, Thomas 31 Chase, Austin 22 Clark. Ira 24 Clark, Bradley M 54 Cleaves, Charles R. . . . 45 Clifford, Thomas 62 Clough, Moses 56 Coffey, Richard 23 Collins, Salvin 62 Cowdry, Daniel 64 Conners, James 54 Cree, George Crosby, Nicholas 62 Cross, Gustavus 34 Cross, Albert A 36 Culver, John W ^^i Cutler, Miles 40 Cutler, Prentiss 33 Cutler, Timothy B 66 Cutler, Jonathan 56 Culver, D.W 38 Currier, John O 41 Cutting, Israel 68 Day, Benjamin .- . . . 24 Darling, Joseph 38 Dewey, Osman 68 Dewey, Samuel 45 Dieter, Anderson D 53 Doty, H 38 Doty, John 65 Dodge, Jacob F 56 Dodge, Theodore A 65 Ducharme, Francis 46 Dugar, Horace 25 Dumas, Joseph 49 Dumas, Edward 26 Dunning, Mr 31 Eaton, Leonard 42 Emerson, Orin 45 Edgerly, Albert W, 27 Estis, Capt. Geo. W 60 Fales, Chas. H 22 Foster, Deacon 44 Foster, Douglas 47 MONTPELIER. 531 1868 Fish, Orville E 21 1878 Finn, John 33 1879 Frasier, Daniel 32 1S31 French, Henry 28 1S50 Fuller, David 64 1826 Gaylord, Thomas 67 1871 Gauthier, James 25 1842 Gilman, J. D • 29 185 1 Gilman, Jehial 60 1865 Gireaux, John B 68 1877 Gerard, Peter 19 1877 Gerard, Joseph 18 1877 Gary, Ephraim 67 1877 Gary, William H 30 1841 Gravlin, Peter 54 1857 Gravlin, Joseph 28 1841 Gleason, Dr. Jacob 34 1839 Greenough, Ira 34 1842 Green, Wesley 21 1869 Gould, Rodney 55 1875 Gould, Lorenzo D 48 1878 Gould, Orlando 28 1 87 1 Gray, James 57 1875 Gray, William 21 1875 Gray, Mark W 28 1866 Guernsey, Madison 57 1877 Guernsey, Lorenzo D 66 1847 Guernsey, Mr 47 1833 Hall, George 35 1826 Hatch, Timothy 36 1830 Hatch, Enoch 38 1840 Hatch, Jeremiah 52 1843 Hatch, Ira 29 1842 Hall, Moses E 35 1843 Hayward, R. B 34 1871 Harvey, Alonzo K 41 1867 Harran, John 41 1873 Hawley, George P 60 1869 Haskins, Curtis 50 1880 Hazard, George 64 1873 Hersey, Heman F 50 1854 Hersey, Elijah 68 1853 Heaton, Volnev yj 1879 Heath, Theron H 18 1879 Haven, William T 46 1876 Hibbard, Edwin S 37 1880 Hines, John N 48 1869 Hollis, Charles H 46 1848 Holmes, Ebenezer 85 1852 Holmes, Barzillai 44 1844 Hopkins, Nathaniel 55 1 84 1 Howes, Solon 22 1880 Houghton, Rev. James C 69 1836 Houghton, Lucius 36 1859 Home, William 29 1859 Howland, James 60 1853 Hyde, George 22 1856 Hubbard, Elijah 1868 Hubbard, Zadock 25 1851 Hubbard, William L 34 1845 Hutchins, James 39 1835 Hutchins, William -^Z 1 85 1 Hutchins, Orison 39 1 84 1 Jacques, Thomas 20 S35 841 848 860 872 84S 840 863 867 881 828 846 854 855 856 863 869 873 873 872 842 828 871 873 880 872 835 849 B55 835 861 874 868 831 832 839 870 848 827 872 844 863 869 876 848 876 839 873 857 849 874 872 874 858 872 873 836 837 869 875 Jenkins, James 33 Jennings, Solomon 31 Jones, Watson 57 Jones, James 40 Jones, Elmer 21 Jones, William 18 Johnson, D. P 28 Johnson, Willis 63 Johonnott, Peter 68 Kane, Moses 48 Kimball, Jacob F 46 Kimball, Seth 42 Kilbourne, Ralph 57 Kilbourne, Dr. G. H 32 Kilbourne, Edward R 20 Kinsman, Newell 63 Kinsman, John A Kinson, William R 56 Keeler, Andrew 42 Kent, Hermon G 69 Ladd, Ezra W 41 Ladam, Joseph 42 Lamb, Center 40 Lamphere, Mr 65 Lawrence, David 35 Lawrence, Isaac 63 Lawrence, Charles 65 Lease, Gerdin 65 Leland, James ■ 64 Lewis, David 65 Littleton, Samuel 56 Luce, Hubbard 25 Lyman, Simeon 45 Marsh, Lewis 31 Marsh, William D 41 Marsh, Ezra 67 Marsh, Emerson 18 Marsh, Julian 29 Marsh, John 35 Mathieu, Edmund 22 Mailhot, Eustache 61 Mathieu, James 80 Mead, Samuel 40 Medler, Patrick 62 McKay, Alba 36 McCauUy, James 62 McClure, William F 19 McCue, John 56 Mclntire, Timothy 25 McFarland, James 56 Miller, Albert 38 Miller, John 47 Milliken, Dr. Edward 29 Morse, Almon C 28 Mosely, Harmon G 45 Myers, Leslie 21 Neveaux, Dieu D 41 Newton, Jeduthan 38 Newhall, Joseph.. 42 O'Niel, Thomas 21 Owen, Ira 47 Parker, John 45 Parker, Josiah L 35 Parker, TerajMe W 57 532 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. 1869 Park, William 63 1859 Patterson, James 64 1865 Paine, Richard. 74 1838 Paddock, James 67 1877 Pitkin, William L 38 1846 Pitkin, Alfred 22 1872 Pitkin, Charles C 20 1834 Peck, Ichabod * 62 1851 Peck, Moses 68 1831 Percival, Thomas 35 1852 Phinney, Elisha 1855 Phinney, Jay 26 1845 Potter, Luther 20 1856 Prescott, Enoch H 31 1875 Poland, Charles F 28 1833 Prentiss, George 24 1879 Reed, James M 48 1838 Reynolds, Elisha 52 1865 Redfield, Frederick 22 1863 Rice, Thomas P 60 1876 Rich, George 46 1862 Richardson, James M 45 1870 Richardson, Redfield J 21 1851 Rivers, Paul 60 i860 Rivers, Felix 35 1852 Ripley, Franklin 24 1853 Rowell, Hiram 26 1867 Robinson, Geo. W 34 1874 Robinson, Charles C 22 1875 Robinson, Nelson A 63 1 840 Saftbrd, Charles 37 1837 Sanders, Otis 29 1889 Sargent, John P 35 1841 Sanborn, Lucius L 32 1880 Scott, Samuel P 70 1840 Shepard, Leander 40 1844 Sherburne, Enoch 18 1843 Sherburne, Henry 67 1 87 1 Simonds, George 22 1830 Slade, Thomas 50 1865 Smalley, Waters B 48 1838 Smith, Dr. Hart 33 1868 Smith, George H 35 1867 Smith, Leander W y] 1876 Smith, Alexander 55 1881 Smith, Walter J .' 19 1840 Stearns, Lewis 63 1855 Staples, John W 69 1868 Sterling, Henry 31 1848 Stickney, Orin 37 1853 Stickney, Asa 34 1830 Stickney, William 55 1874 St. John, Andrew, Jr 27 1868 St. Onge, Mitchell 67 1880 Skinner, Ephraim C 39 1875 Sullivan, Timothy 64 1846 Taplin, Guy C 42 1839 Thombury, Philip 19 1832 Town, Josiah 31 1876 True, ZibaR 62 1881 True, Charles B 35 1868 Tyler, Lorenzo D 62 1826 Tuller, Martin 21 1831 Tuthill, William 60 852 Wainwright, Alfred 62 846 Warner, M. D 850 Walsh, William 42 851 Wilder, A. W. Sr 57 846 Washburn, Judah 58 844 Washburn, Ephraim 45 840 Walton, Edward 850 Walton, John 56 862 Weed, Nathan 41 843 Whiten, David yj 849 Whitney, Levi 45 849 Wheelock, Loomis 42 849 Witherell, Elijah 32 862 Wing, David 45 856 Wing, A. Sidney 61 867 Wing, Christopher C 33 856 Wing, Lemuel B 36 850 Wing, Myron 27 854 Wing, Melvin 830 Worcester, William 22 872 Wright, Jerome 29 839 York, Chester. .«. 29 834 Young, James 34 C. DE F. KAN'CROFT. GREEN MOUNT CEMETERY. History from : Services at tlie Dedicalion of Green Mount Cemetery, Montpelier. Vt.. Sept. 15, 1855. Published by order of the Commissioners. Montpe- lier: E.P. Walton, Jr., printer, 1855. Calvin J. Keith, (see page 47) who died in 1853, left a bequest of $1000 in his will for "purchasing a suitable place for a burying-ground in Montpelier, and inclos- ing and planting trees in the same," and named Constant W. Storrs with the trust- ees of his estate to "lay out the ground into lots and dispose of the same at a reasona- ble price, reserving a portion to be given gratuitously to the poor. The amount re- ceived for lots to be used by said trustees in improving said ground and in planting the same thickly with trees." To the liberality and public spirit of this gift, "the town responded equally liberal, and at the next annual meeting appointed Hezekiah H. Reed, James T. Thurston and Stoddard B. Colby a committee to act on the behalf of the town" with the trustees. The joint committee purchased of Isaiah Silver at a cost of $2210 about 40 acres, which are now inclosed and constitute Green Mount Cemetery, work on which was commenced in the Autumn of 1854. By act of the Legislature that same year, the whole man- agement was vested in five commissioners to be chosen by the town ; Elisha P. Jew- ett, Hezekiah H. Reed, Charles Reed, MONTPELIER. 533 James T. Thurston and George Langdon were elected at the annual March meeting 1855, the first board of commissioners." The town at the same time placing at their disposal to defray the expenses of the Cem- etery $5000. The grounds were so far completed as to be dedicated with the usual forms and exercises Sept. 15, 1855. Dedication Services. — Chant, written for the occasion, by Col. H. D. Hopkins, per- formed by the Union Choir Association, words, Psalm 90, adapted ; reading of the Scriptures by Rev. F. D. Hemmenway : Man that is born of a woman is of few days and full of trouble. He cometh forth as a flower and is cut down — Job. And Abraham stood up from before his dead, and spake unto the sons of Heth, saying : I am a stranger and a sojourner with you, give me a possession of a burying- place, that I may bury my dead. . . And the field of Ephron, . . . the field and the cave which was therein and all the trees that were in the field, that were in all the borders round about were made sure unto Abraham for a possession in the presence of the children of Heth. — Genesis. . . Behold I show you a mys- tery ; we shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed. In a moment in the twink- ling of an eye at the last trump. — isi Co7-. Prayer— By Rev. Wm. H. Lord: Almighty and most merciful God, the Father of our spirits and Framer of our bodies : it becometh us to recognize Thee at this time, and adore thy glorious Maj- esty. Thou hast formed us out of the dust of the earth, and passed upon us the irre- versible sentence of Thy holiness ; dust thou art, and unto dust thou shalt return. We acknowledge the justice of the decree which consigns these earthly tabernacles of our spirits to the darkness and silence of the grave. And as we contemplate the multitudes of successive generations, who have all returned to the earth from whence they sprang, our hearts are impressed with the reality of Thy government over us, and with the solemnity of our present con- dition and future destiny. And most Holy Father, as we are now assembled in this place, to consecrate to our own use, and to the use of the generations that shall follow us, this burial place for the dead, we be- seech Thee, that serious thoughts of the greatness and majesty of Thine adminis- tration, and of our own weakness and frail- ty, may take possession of us. Remind us, we pray Thee, of our personal relations to thy moral law, and to the future before us. Let not the ceremony, in which we engage, be merely listless and formal ; but enlisting our minds and hearts, may it send them forth to the contemplation of that promised inheritance of Thy people, where there is neither death nor the grave, and where no funeral monument and no conse- crated sepulchre shall ever be seen to indi- cate the mortality and to mark the corrup- tion of its inhabitants. For however beau- tiful and attractive we may make this place of sepulture, we yet confess. Great God, that it is, in all its parts, significant of our transitory and perishing estate, and that its various attractions cannot conceal from our thoughts the solemn use to which it is de- voted, and the still more solemn fact that makes its use imperative. We beseech Thee, that as often as we visit this spot, it may suggest the most serious and salutary reflections, and lead to the most earnest and holy purposes. And while we may here attest our considerate and generous affection for the dead, let this common home of us all, teach us most impressively our duties to the living. As we here dis- cover the certain destination to which we are all tending, may we learn wisdom to guide us amid the various relations of life, and find fresh and strong incentives to the performance of every duty, and to the cul- tivation of every grace. May we look to Him, Who, from out of the darkness of the grave, has brought life and immortal- ity to light, and in His gospel spoken to us of a resurrection from the dust of the earth. May we here learn to cherish and to value the hope of a better life, revealed in Thy Word, and to believe heartily in Him, Who will soon destroy death and rob the grave of its victims. And when we commit the bodies of our friends to this consecrated earth, may it be with the lively and assured hope, that through the blood of Jesus Christ, appropriated by fajth, we ma)- all be reunited in Thy kingdom of blessedness, to go no more out forever. Hear this our prayer, and unto Thy name. Father, Son and Holy Ghost, be everlasting praises ; Amen. Address— By Rev. F. W. Shelton : We stand upon a hill-side which, almost yesterday, lay unreclaimed in its original wildness, and now already it begins to look like an embellished garden. Art has redeemed it from its rude estate, with an almost magic transformation. It has its winding walks, and will have its shady avenues. It is the most choice position in this valley, and its natural surface presents the charm of great variety. There is no stretch of landscape, in this neighborhood, around the abodes of the living, which can vie in beauty with this Paradise which you 534 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. now dedicate, as the resting place of your beloved dead. And it is easy to predict what its aspect will be in a few years, when its remaining roughness shall have been assuaged ; when every returning sum- mer shall bring with it a richer shadow, and an added bloom : — when affection shall have beautified it in every nook, and watered its flowers with tears. On this occasion, so fraught with sol- emn, yet not unpleasing suggestion, your thoughts will naturally recur to one whose hand was always open with a generous largess, and who devised a portion of his wealth for so benevolent an end. The heart is cold in death which lately throbbed with sympathy for the living, but if no chiselled shaft should rise in gratitude upon the height to bear the record of his vir- tues, this spot shall be his noblest monu- ment. Peace to his ashes. You, too, have done well, and have re- sponded to a true sentiment in consecra- ting these acres to a purpose so hallowed. Here, indeed, the husbandman shall not put in the grain, nor shall the plough-boy carol, nor shall the waving corn be seen upon these hills. They shall receive the germs of a richer harvest in their bosom. This land shall not change hands. It is the inalienable heritage of the dead forever. It is their riches, their right, their possession ; — theirs, with all its abundant variety of hill and dale, and rocks, and flowing water ; — a little dust, but it is enough to satisfy the wants of many. It will be protected with a jealous care, and none will be so rude in instinct as to pluck a flower. The winds alone shall rifle the buds which grow in this gar- den, and the frosts of heaven shall nip their heads. The laws which truly guard it, are not the statutes inscribed on pillars ; they are those which are graven deep in human nature : and the sentinels which keep tv'atch over the tomb, are the most delicate sensibilities of the heart. Thus shall it descend as a burial place from gen- eration to generation, till it shall become so rich and holy with beloved dust, that all the treasures upon earth would not wrest it from your possession. It is now offered, with all its boundaries which lie beneath these skies. The deeds will be presented by your commissioners. •' This fairest spot of hill and glade, Wliere blooms tlie flower and waves the tree. And silver streams delight the shade, We consecrate, O Death, to'Tliee." An innate sentiment teaches us to have respect to the ashes of the departed. Thus when the spark of life is fled, the mourner stands long to gaze upon the casket which contained the jewel. Tenderly does he close the eyes which shall know no more "their wonted fires," and imprints a last kiss on the lips which Death has sealed. , He scatters flowers upon the silent bo.som. He enrobes the form of the sleeper in fair and white habiliments, and at last in silence and in sorrow commits it to the purifying mould ; — earth to earth, — ashes to ashes, — dust to dust. Nor does he rest con- tented when he has put it from his sight with the latest ceremonials which decency reciuires. He guards the sacred spot from each profane intrusion, and there he lin- gers long, if he has loved well. We find a care for sepulture existing by the proof of earliest records. "Abraham stood up, and bowed him- self to the peopb of the land, even to the children of .Heth. And he communed with them, saying, 'If it be your mind that I should bury my dead out of my sight, hear me, and intreat for me to Ephon the son of Zohar, that he may give me the cave of Machpelah, which he hath, which is in the end of his field ; for as much money as it is worth he shall give it me, for a possession of a burial place among you.'" — Gen. 23, 7-9. All people have exhibited the like trait of humanity. The dreamy Turk will leave the living crowd which is by the Bosphorus, and sit all day beside the graves of his kindred. The red man of the forest cher- ishes within him the same germ and attri- bute of a higher civilization : for as a hard fate drives the tribes still onward to the " Father of Waters," the last thoughts of their hearts is directed towards the spots where rest the bones of their fathers. He who does violence to such a senti- ment, lacks even the refinement of the savage. It is the tendency of the age to disregard in some things that which the past held sacred, and to bear them down in a vast development of physical means and physical energ)'. That utility is short-sight- ed which shall ever trample on the dictates of a genuine decency. The pyramids still rise sublime, with no better base than the sands of the desert ; but we must only look for ruins where Mammon builds his altars on a dead man's bones. When we gaze upon this crowd, in con- nection with the object which has brought them here, and consider how large a part of it shall, at some time or other, be dis- solved and mingle with this surrounding dust, it awakens a throb of feeling to which words cannot do justice. There is a poetry, it is true, connected with the cul- tivation of rural cemeteries ; but I trust that it is something better than the senti- mentalism which is without depth and vapid. For it is not the charm, which we may throw around these melancholy places, MONTPKLIER. 535 that can deprive death of its sting, or soften one shadow on the brow of the King of Terrors. It is not that the dark- ness of the grave can be mitigated, because the outside of it is beautified like a garden, nor that the sleeper will rest more softly on a bed which is perfumed with violets. It will be as cold and hard and dark beneath the clod, as if no garlajids were above it. But the teachings of a holy faith can give a meaning to such adornments, and surround them with a tender solace, as the emblems of an immortal bloom. It is because of the effect which they will have upon ourselves, and not for any good which they will do the silent sleepers. To be occupied in such pious rites, is to disengage us a little from the world's in- crustations ; to break asunder from the bonds of a prevailing selfishness ; to pay that which is due to memory, and raise our eyes to the halo which invests the future. It is to gain strength for ourselves to look down fearlessly into the portals of the sol- emn tomb ; to pay in thought, and study, and reflection, something of what we owe to the characters of the good and noble. We know that man but poorly, whom we have only known when he was living. The best may be said only to begin to live when the grave has closed upon them. I speak not this of their own destiny, but their major influence is given forth, only when they have ceased to be. It is the memory of their lives, more than their very lives, which can sink at last into our hearts, or fully exhibit their own. They are like those things which we might not have noticed, if they had not passed by. So, the river rolls on over an arid landscape, but when its chiefest volume has left the banks, then the vegetation springs up. It is from the past, the past, that we gather all our wisdom, and live a thousand years in a day. Thus we see that it springs from a refined motive, and that its tendency is salutary, when we seek to adorn a spot like this. It is to cherish the memory of those who have gone before us, and to show that love is not an empty name. " How sleep tlie brave, who sink to rest, By all tlieir country's wislies blest! When Spring:, with dewy fingers cold. Returns to deck their hallowed mould, She there shall dress a sweeter sod Than Fancy's feet have ever trod." In surveying this spot, and the uses for which it is designed, some might be dis- posed to inquire — what need of these ex- tensive domains ? At a little distance from where we are now standing, among these wild Green Mountains, there is a humble village in the valley. It is full of thrift and industry, yet when centuries shall have passed away, — from its location by nature, it will be only a village still. This place shall be a city ; the youngest here present may live to see how it shall outstrip the other, in the number of its inhabitants . There will be no such compact masses and ranks of men in yonder streets as shall be assembled here. Thus death gains upon life in all places, until life shall gain the final victory over death. On the border of that village there is already a cemetery of the dead, but it would soon be overcrowded. It clamors al- ready for a larger domain. Thus necessity itself has coincided with feeling in selecting a more ample and eligible place. There are many tender and touching associations, no doubt, connected with that spot, for its consecration is coeval with the settlement of this village. How many tears have fallen on its hitherto untroubled and quiet graves. There the child slumbers, and the young man, cut down in the nobility of his strength ; there the blossoms of the almond tree have fallen ; there the lovely daughter has been borne away, when bursting into the grace of womanhood, and when Consumption, like a worm in tlie bud, Preyed on her damask cheek." There, truly, are deposited the richest treasures which you had on earth. But if in love and tenderness you shall disturb those ashes, to bring them here, it will be only as when one shall rearrange a couch, that they may rest more sweetly and securely and cjuietly forever. Here you will come afterward to smooth their narrow bed, to recall their virtues, to re- new your vows of constancy, and to say, — "My Father! my Mother! my Brother! my Sister ! my Child ! forget thee ! — NEVER." Hither will you come with every chang- ing season of the year to renew your pil- grimage. Hither, when the winter is past, when the rain is over and gone, when the flowers appear on the earth, and the time of the singing of birds is come, and the voice of the turtle is heard in our land ; hither, when the autumn dyes the foliage with mellow tints and hectic colors ; and you will reflect upon it without a pang, and you yourselves will covet no better lot than at last to lie down with these sleepers. Who ever thought these rocks and jagged hills, which Nature fashioned in her wild- est moods, should so suggest the idea of quiet .-* No love of sordid weal could have accomplished that which you have this day achieved by your aff'ection. Well may yon Mount,* which towers sublime, remove the blue veil from before his eves. ' Camel's Hump. 536 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. to gaze on this assembled multidude. Here shall the rough rocks be transformed to snowy marble ; but if no sculpture mem- orized the dead, these glorious hills would be a monument. Yon silver stream shall chant a constant requiem. What spot more silent and select than this among the gorgeous scenery of the mountains, where Summer paints her richest contrasts, and Winter strews her costliest jewelry around the realms of Death ! There is an Echo here which mocks the ear, but wakes up sympathies within the heart. The chaunt- ing voices and the rich harmonic chords, which just went up into the open sky, re- turned in undulations, fainter still to mor- tal sense, but never obsolete. Even now comes stealing back the soul of wild flowers on the soft, Septembral breeze. It is Death alone which dies. This is the Christian's solace. This shall cheer the mourning crowds which wind through yon- der gateway, when they come to lay be- neath the turf the loved and lost. All who are in the grave shall come forth, for this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on Immortality. Presentation of the title deeds by H. H. Reed, Esq., in behalf of the commissioners. Dedication. — By Rev. Dr. Lord. Sir: We receive these Title Deeds as representing and describing these beautiful and extensive grounds, which have been se- lected with so much taste, and enclosed and arranged with so great propriety and beauty, for the purpose of a burial place for our dead. The munificent provision of one of our citizens, together with the un- usual and noble liberality of the town, in furnishing the large means to procure and embellish such a spot as this, have been equalled only by the energy, the economy and discretion with which you have ap- plied them. In reaching the close of your labors, you have far exceeded our anticipa- tions ; and now present to us a lot, in it- self, and in all its arrangements, perfectly adapted to the use for which it was de- signed, and most fit to be consecrated for- ever to the purpose of christian sepulture. It has ever been the practice, both of humanity and of religion, to commemorate the dead by material monuments, and to regard the spot, which furnished a resting place for their bodies, as peculiarly sacred. The enclosures wherein the spirit of love and mourning has perpetuated, by the planted flower, by the rude cross, by the simple stone, by the marble shaft, or by the magnificent massive monument, some traces of the affection of children, of par- ents and of friends, and which recall the images of youth and beauty, of wisdom and goodness, and relate their worth and varied excellence ; are ever hallowed in the minds of men. We do, then, give utterance to the common sentiments of human nature, when we comply with your request, ancl formally consecrate and set apart, to its de- signed and appropriate uses, this Ceme- tery. We do now, therefore, dedicate all this ground, herein described, stretching from its rocky battlements on the east to its flinty ramparts on the west ; from its lofty northern boundary, along down its sloping sides ; with its central mounds, its alluvial heart, and its interval reaching near to the banks of the beautiful river that flows at its base ; with all its trees and rocks, its val- leys and hills, its springs and ravines ; with all its arranged and still unfinished lots ; to be a perpetual possession unto us and to our children, as a place where we may piously bury our dead, and rear over their ashes the symbols of our aftection, and the mementoes of their worth. We dedi- cate it, as a place of reverent and mourn- ful, yet sweet recollections, of the departed ; of high and solemn contemplation upon the uncertainty of human life and its cer- tain destiny ; of serious purposes of holy living and preparation for death ; of cheer- ful and glorious anticipations of that time when the graves shall be opened, and the dead, both small and great, shall come forth 'to the promised resurrection, and re- new, amid scenes far brighter than these, the holy affections and the pious friend- ships of their primeval abode. And while we consecrate it to the dead, we commit it also to the generous care of the living ; with the hope, that it may be preserved in its present loveliness ; with the prayer, that whenever its turf may be broken, it shall be but to receive to its keeping the body of one who believes in our Lord and Sa- viour Jesus Christ, as the Resurrection and the Life. Hymn — By Charles G. Eastman. This fairest spot of bill and glade. Where blooms the flower and waves the tree. And silver streams delight the shade, We consecrate, O Death, to thee. Here all the months the year may know Shall watch this " Eden of the Dead," To wreathe with flowers or crown with show The dreamless sleeper's narrow bed. And when above its graves we kneel. Resigning to the mouldering urn The friends whose silent hearts shall feel No balmy summer's glad return ; Each marble shaft our hands may rear. To mark where dust to dust is given, Shall lift its chiselled column, here. To point our tearfUl eyes to Heaven. MONTPELIER. 537 Benediction — By Rev. F. D. Hemmenway. Thus was this most beautiful inclosure dedicated to Montpelier's dead, just 27 years ago this fall. The number of inter- ments to date, Dec. 24, 1881, is 999, Sim- eon Lyman, a merchant, buried Oct. 3, 1855, aged 45 years, being the first. A thousand times the turf has already been broken in Green Mount to receive the household props of this people, the treas- ures of its happy homes. We see on this spot how death takes toll. How many sleep around the monument of the benefi- cent Keith, upon every side, who assisted in the beautiful consecration just portray- ed : Constant W. Storrs, among the first, and all the commissioners, but one, who selected and prepared the grounds are here. The Pastor who offered the first prayer on this .spot — by the side of his little Bessie. The Poet who wrote its hymn of beauty, the Poet of this cemetery still. Shelton of the lovely address, every paragraph like a cluster of precious stones, sleeps, also — in the bosom of the neighboring State upon the West. Here are the graves of Thompson, East- man, Lord, Samuel Goss, Daniel Baldwin, Charles Reed, Samuel Wells and a few others whose names are identified with our early acquaintance at Montpelier. Most of those whose biographies are written in this book rest here ; even some buried in old Elm Street Cemetery with their old sexton, have been brought up and re- interred here ; whose histories have been so studied, though otherwise unknown, the names on the headstones look like old friends. It is but our second visit, and yet we cannot feel quite like a stranger here. What Vermonter could by Thomp- son's grave ? by his grave as yet without monument or stone ! the author of the Green Mountain Boys has built himself his own monument more enduring than of marble — "Pete Jones" is his monument more resonant than brass ;" May Martin," a fairer headstone than another could raise. It is not doubted this grave will yet have the due commemorative stone. Only, we miss it here now — " D. P. Thompson" was so well known and endeared to the people of the State ; in Montpelier so long- time and honorable a resident — her pleas- ant historian. An early friend to our Gazetteer; he was first engaged to write for it the chapters of Montpelier History ; a few months before his death finding he would not be able, wrote " take therefore, anything I have ever written for Montpe- ler, or for Washington County, or for the State, whether printed or in manuscript, the whole or in part, as you would if it were your own, for I shall not be able to do as 1 had intended ; and I would name to you the Hon. E. P. Walton, as the man the best qualified to aid you and to write the history of Montpelier." Having been so successful in the history of Montpelier, nearing its close, pleasant to-day is the re- membrance of his intention — the thought- ful kindness of his last letter ; and we shall be very happy if we may see, as we may if contributed by his friends, his portrait stand with his biography in this County volume, for which he would, no doubt, have written so much and so well, had he lived to this day ; and where it may stand in the one town which has a prior claim, his own beloved Berlin, adjoining Montpelier on the pleasant south, where was his father's old farm, where he was born, just over the river. A handsome monumental pile! — worthy the Sleeper below. A name in the mar- ble, by author, man or woman, never for- gotten — the first literary benefactor — the handsome and the gracious patron, who pruned till they gleamed almost like fresh poems, and sent his beautiful contribu- tions with words of confidence to your first book in press, and when it came gave it notice through his newspaper at the capital, and sold many copies in his old book-store on State Street, and ad- vised and contributed to its successor. The sight of this beautiful tomb swells our heart full ; — glad for as proud of his fame, — talented, bland, witty, generous East- man ; the vigor, point, beauty and mazy grace of his poetry all seem concentrated and perpetuated here. A granite stone ; the tenant here that bluff, iorn-framed, but golden-hearted old 68 538 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. landlord at the Pavilion, the first time that we were at Montpelier, who declared promptly that he had no bill for a 30ung woman who had given Vermont the hand- somest book ever printed in the State. Poor book-makers might hope to live out their days were all landlords Col. Bout- wells. Peace to the ashes, severely silent, of the every-inch-alive, stirring old host. His monument is just what it should be — granite — large. We would like his stout figure in bronze in the grounds of the Pa- vilion. We are very glad of his portrait in our book. Joint vote of praise from the State House, Levi Boutwell did better ; bread is better than fame. Here ; — Samuel Goss! Farley, Wal- ton, his confreres. Father Goss had one of tbose countenances it stirs the heart agreeably to look into, pleasant as intelli- gent, sensible as gracious. Gen. E. P. Walton we almost seem to know in his son, Hon. E. P. The grave of the first lady with whom we became acquainted at Montpelier — the first wife of Dr. G. N. Brigham, who re- sided some 30 years in Montpelier vil- lage. Mrs. Brigham was a cheerful, active little woman, storing her home with the honey of comfort ; but when we saw her last the rose of consumption was painted on her cheek. Never was her cordiality so touching. I could not pass her resting-place without pausing. I would plant one historical flower on her grave. It shall be the poetic hyacinth, that sweetest poem, to our thought, from the pen of her talented husband, and which was inspired by a scene connected with her death-bed. SONG OF THE HVACINTH. One lay with bright eyes looking lor the Christ, Anil so near to heaven it seemed that she could hear The song olflowers. A purple hyacinth, Which from a vase dranlv dew and slied it round In fragance, played an Interlude that called Her half-flown spirit back. For when her eye Was lixed on it, till all her face did smile, She handed forth her pale white hand and asked That it he given her. We never shall forget That smile, the dainty way her fingers toyed Among the petals; music cadences Began, " How sweet!"— 't was even as a child Sweet toys and grows aflame with joy. And as We gazed and saw the dappled halo glow And ripple over all her face, we said It is the breaking light of heaven. That night She died, the fragrance of the hyacinth Upon her fingers, sweetest smile that e'er Warme7. (leo. .S. Robinson, 1861, '62; i>li\er K. Dutton in 1863, now resiiles in (Miio ; Robert J. Harj;!!! in iS(>4; tieo. C". C'l.irk. 1865 to '71- He died in Holland. Mich.. .Apr. 22, 1878. Isaac I\I. Wrij^ht. 1871. "72; A. O. .Se.ihurv, 1873. '74, '75- "<^^w resides in Hoston; John \V. I'aj^e, in 1876, now re- sides in Nebraska; Robert J. CoOey. 1877, '78, now resides in Richmond, \'t. ; Chas. C. Ranisdell, 1879, '80, \Si. Hook anil Ladder Co. No. 1 : tIeo. S. Hubbard in i860; .Ailanis Kello!;g, 1861, '(12 ; now resides in 1 ouisi.ui.i. Is.iac A. Lathri>i) in 1863 ; Curtis S. Newcomb, 1864, '(15. He died in Sprinutield, Ma.ss. in 1867. Lewis H. Hnntint^ton, 1866, '67; Andrew J. Howe, 1868. '(x) ; John L. Tut- tle, 1870, '71 ; Moses K.me, 187J to '80. He dietl Oct. -\ 1881. Horace Mills in in 1880; Joseph l>. Morse, 1881. No. 2 was re-ort;ani/.etl and w;is dis- banded in December, 1875. Foremen : Lewis Wood, i868; Samuel Wells, 1869; he died Jan. 1878; Wn\. l>. Standish, 1870 ti> '74; Ceo. r. Foster in 1874 — he died Jan. 1, iSSi. Charles H. Carter, in 1875. All the ex-toremen of the compa- nies are residiiii; in town at the present date — Dec. 24, iS8i, but tiiose ijiven as residing elsewhere. The tire department of this villatie has been eminently successful, and has unques- tionably already been instrumental in .sav- ing hundreds of thousanils of dollars of property. .\nd now, with its :; ens;ines. nearly jooo teet ot hose. I.ulders, ami all other neeiltul ei|uipn>ents, .uul with its .il- most three lunidreil liremen to work anil man.ii^e tliein, is probably the best and most etlicient tire department in the State. There are now three companies in this village, otVicered for 1882 as follows : //(>(>/: tif.'i/ I iuiiier Company — H. C. Lull, torem.ui ; Wm. Cooilwin, 1st assist- ant ; John I'ori.d, 2il assistant; M. C. Kinson, i leik ; L. Rodney, steward. I\/ii^int- Ci>////>t7fn', Av'. 4 — Chas. F. Col- lins, foreman; Samuel Luke, 1st assist- ant; Fd. Donwoodie, 2d assistant; C. W. (iuernsey, clerk and collector; Hiram .At- kins, tre.isurer; Otis C. Miles, steward. J'.Hi^i/t(' Lotfiptuiy, Ao. 5 — Moses Lear- son, toreman ; Janus Cros.sett, ist a.ssist- ant; Marcus Lynch, toreman of ho.se; Charles D. F. Hancrott, secretary and col- lector ; Robert J. Hargin, treasurer; Lu- cius .S. (unnlwin, steward. The Hook and L.ulder h.is Oo men; No. 4, 70 men; No. 5, 75 men. Lhere are three other engines that have no com- pan\' ; iuit are never needed now as the village h.is tour pumps. Tiieron O. Bai- ley's steam pump .it the Pavilion, I'dwin W. Hailey's iniil-[nimp, w.iter-power, the c.ib shop pumj), bv w.iter power .mil the Lane Manulacturing Co. i)ump bv water power, and these immps are so situateil as to be suthcient, with the present companies, in all cases of tire that may occur here. A ver\ h.uulsome cart, cost about ;?iooo, w.is puich.ised tor the Hook .mil Ladder Comp.my some 1 -' ye.us since. I'iie tire companies are all volunteer companies, exempt from poll taxes for tire services ; h.ive a gooil business account, and were never in better condition than at the present. [i". i>i" v. n.J r.\l>l>lTlONAI,,] UNION Ml'Tli.Vl. KIKK INS. tXK Mr. Walton's history of Montpelier was written nearly a dozen years .igo, before the above-named companv was organized, and in hastily making it out that company w.is .iicident.ilh omitted. It lonnnenced business July 28, 1875, and .-Vug. i, 1881, it had #2,716,590.50 insured, with premi- um notes to the amount of $163,105.82. The otlicers are W. C. Ferrin, Pies., J. W. Prock, \'ice Pies., A. C. Prown, .Sec, W. !•'. Pi.im.m. Pre. IS. iMONi i:k AiuM 1 rio.Msrs. The tirst antislavery votes for President ever cast in Montpelier, were given to James C. Uirney in 1840, and the honor belongs to Zenas Wood, John Wood, Henry Y. Harnes. He/.eki.ih Ward and Joseph Somerby. Phe whole number cast in the .St.ite w.is 319. [See portrait of Zenas Wood, opposite.] 1 n ) M-. ir/ MONTPELIER. 551 GRADUATES OF MONTPELIER. Some of the graduates of Montpelier, to which further additions can be made in this work, in a supplementary form. From President Buckham, of Burlington College, we have received the following account for this town of graduates from the vt. university : Library, University of Vt., ? Burlington, Nov. 24, 1881. ) To President Buckham : My Dear Sir. — I beg to hand you below the information which 1 understood you to desire yesterday, regarding the graduates of the University who have entered from Montpelier. This list is necessarily very imperfect, from the fact that no annual catalogues were issued before 1808; and the further fact that we possess no copies of those of the following years: 1809 to 1821, 1824 to 1833, 1864 to 1865. In 1824, George Washington Houghton was graduated ; in 1827, Nicholas Baylies ; 1838, George Washington Reed; 1840, James Reed Spalding; 1844, Carlos Allen Sprague ; 1845, Charles Dewey and Na- thaniel George Clark ; 1846, James Pren- tiss and Jonathan Allen Wainwright ; 1847, George Washington Cottrill ; 1848, Edward Bingham Chamberlain and Geo. Sennott ; 1847, Charles Carroll Spalding; 1849, Charles Loomis ; 1852, Jedd Philo Clark Cottrill; 1853, George Robinson Thomp- son; 1856, Charles Colburn Prentiss, Geo. Bailey Spalding and Henry Lingan Lamb ; 1858, Alfred Bowers Thompson; i860, James Stevens Peck ; 1861, John Pushee Demeritt and John Wright Norton; 1862, James Wilson Davis and J. Monroe Poland. Besides these, I find record of William K. Upham as a sophomore in 1834 and Theodore Prentiss in 1839; John Barnard and George Bradshaw as juniors in 1840; Henry Lee Dodge, a senior in 1845 i Alfred Washburn Pitkin, sophomore in 1843; Oscar Silver, freshman in 1842; Samuel Mosely Walton, sophomore in 1843 ! Tim- othy Abbott and Charles Warren Badger, freshmen in 1844. From East MoHtpelier. — Lewis Earned Coburn and Milo Latimer Templeton in 1859; Salvin Collins Clark, freshmen in 1854. If Montpelier is credited with A. B. Thompson, (1858,) I see not why Charles Wheeler Thompson, (1854,) should not be set down to the same town — though in point of fact both of them came from the same house on the Berlin side of the Winooski river, and C. W. T. called him- self of Berlin, as he truly was. So, too, J. W. Norton, if I rightly recollect, was not really from Montpelier, but from Berlin or Middlesex. The above is the best showing I can make, by reason of our lack of over 30 an- nual catalogues. j. e. g. (Gov.) Asahel Peck was in college at Burlington in his senior term, and Charles G. Eastman entered and was for a time there, and Dr. Julius Y. Dewey graduated at the medical department in 1823. E. P. Walton and Hon. S. S. Kelton also, give as graduates at this college from Mont- pelier : David M. Camp, 1810; Charles Strong Smith, and Thomas Davis Strong, 1848; Charles H. Heath, 1854; Benjamin Franklin Fifield, 1855; Charles Daley Swazey, 1859, o^ Montpelier, and Geo. B. Nichols, now of Chicago ; Henry Dodge, now in California; C. A. Sprague now in Watertown, Wis. ; Hollister, of East Montpelier. graduates at middlebury college. Class of i?>o6. — Rev. Chester Wright, first pastor of Bethany church ; atite, page 388. Class of 1807. — Jona. C. Southmayd. Class of 1808. — Joshua Y. Vail. Class of 18 1 7. — Charles Watrous, page 498. (r/rtJ'j^7 . — OziAS Cornwall Pit- kin, the son of Dea. Alfred and OrphaW. Pitkin, was born at Montpelier, May 2, 1827. He taught at Morrisville 2 years ; was head of the high school at Taunton, Mass., 5 years ; removed to Chelsea Mass., in 1854. He married Caroline M., dau. of Wm. Muenscher, of Taunton, Mar. 1852. — Aliiiiini tablet. Class of\%^\ . — Charles Wesley Wil- LARD, page 492. Class of 1854. — Charles Franklin Smith, the son of Oramel Hopkins and Mary (Goss) Smith, was born at Mont- pelier, about 1833, and died at Hancock, Mich., Apr. 23, 1864, aged 31. He read law with his father ; went into practice at Chicago, 111., but removed to Hancock, 2 or 3 years prior to his death. — Ahanni tablet. Class of 1862. — Chauncey Warriner Town, the son of Ira Strong and Frances Miretta (Witherell) Town, was born at Montpelier, July 4, 1840. He read law, and has opened an office in New York city. — Alumni tablet. Class of iS6'^. — Hiram Augustus H USE, the son of Hiram S. and Emily M. (Blod- gett) Huse, was born at Randolph, Jan. 17, 1843; resident lawyer at Montpelier, and present librarian of the Vt. St. Hist. Society; contributor for Randolph in vol. II. this work, and to the present volume. Class of 1866. — Chester W. Merrill, the son of Ferrand Fassett and Eliza Maria (Wright) Merrill, was born at Mont- pelier, Apr. 23, 1846. He has been an Assistant at the New Ipswich Academy. — Ahanni tablet. Mr. Merrill is now Librarian of the Cin- cinnati Free Public Library. Class of 1866. — George Washington Wing, the son of Joseph Addison and Samantha Elizabeth (Webster) Wing, was born at Plainfield, Oct. 22, 1843. — Alumni tablet. {See next page} Class of 1867. — Howard F. Hill, the son of John M 'Clary and Elizabeth Lord (Chase) Hill, was born at Concord, N. H., July 21, 1846. — Alumni tablet. Mr. Hill is now Rector of Christ Church, Montpelier. THOMAS W. wood, only son of the late John Wood, is also a son of Montpelier, of whom her people are very justly and highly proud. With a natural genius for sketching and painting, he has persevered until, by his long expe- rience and correct taste, he has become one of the best realistic and portrait paint- ers in the country, and has so commanded the admiration and respect of his brother artists that he is honored with the office of President of an association of artists in New York city. Mr. Wood's winter studio is in New York city, but his summers are generally spent in Vermont, at " Athen- wood," an unique and beautiful cottage in a mountain gorge, which, however, over- looks the village of Montpelier. He is not merely a very successful artist, but a gentleman who is highly esteemed by all who know him. We have hoped to re- ceive data for a more detailed notice, but are obliged to go to press with this imper- fect one. E. p. w. MONTPELIER. 553 (^Dartmouth Graduates, continued.) Herbert Stebbins, now at Andover Theo- logical Seminary, John W. Page, WilUam A. Lord, Rush P. Barrett and Ashton R. Willard of this town, are also Dartmouth graduates. Amherst College — Class of 1869. — D. G. Thompson, Henry K. Field. Class of 1870. — John B. Thurston, J. Edward Miller. Class of i8yi. — J. C. Houghton, Jr., John V. Brooks. Class of 1876. — Albert A. Redway and Osman D. Clark. Denison University, (Ohio). — Rev. Henry A. Rogers, present pastor of the Baptist Church, Montpelier. Grand Seminary OF Arras (France). Very Rev. Zephyrinus Druon, — page 423. Grand Seminary of Vannes, (France.) Joseph Duglue, present pastor of St. Au- gustine's church, Montpelier, — page 424. Harvard College. — Class of 1858, Rev. Charles A. Allen, first pastor of the Church of the Messiah; Rev. J. Edward Wright, present pastor of the same ; class of 1878, William Zebina Bennett, Profes- sor of Chemistry and Philosophy in Wor- cester University, Ohio; and Charles J. Hubbard, Romeo G. Brown and Carrol King are now coUegiates at Harvard. Princeton College, N.J. — Rev. Fred- erick W. Shelton, who was rector of Christ church . Tufts College. — W. L. Warren, 1869. Union Theological Seminary, (New York city). — Class of 1863, James W. Davis . Yale College. — Rev. J. H. Hincks graduated at this college, A. B., in 1874, and at the Theological Seminary S. F. B., in 1876; and J. R. Brackett, Principal of the High School here has the "P. H. D." from Yale, received in 1879. The following Montpelier clergymen have received the D. D. : Rev. Wm. H. Lord, Rev. F. W. Shelton, Rev. Andrew Hull, and Rev. Eli Ballou. Ladies who have graduated at college : Clara Pitkin at Oberlin, Letitia Durant at Burlington, or \J. V. M., Emma Hoyt at Vassar. origin of the christian messenger. A recent visit to the rooms of the New England Methodist Historical Society in Boston, has given us an opportunity to find the files of the early issues of the " Vermont Christian Messenger," and from them we have the following definite infor- mation regarding its origin. The first number was issued under date of Mar. 12, 1847, at Newbury, Rev. S. P. Williams being the publisher; Rev. Wm. W. Wil- lett and Rev. E. J. Scott, editors; N. Granger agent, and L. J. Mclndoe printer. Mr. Williams (then presiding elder of Danville District) retired from the publish- ing interest as announced in the issue of July 16, 1847, and Messrs. Willett & Scott became the proprietors as well as editors. On Jan. i, 1848, the "Messenger" was removed to Montpelier, and on March 11, of the same year. Rev. E.J. Scott became the sole proprietor and chief editor, with Rev. J. T. Peck, A. M., (now Bishop Peck) as the corresponding editor. On Sept. 6, 1848, Rev. A. Webster became joint proprietor with Mr. Scott, and on Mar. 6, 1850, the names of E. J. Scott and A. J. Copeland appeared as proprie- tors. On Nov. 6, 1850, Mr. Scott was announced as sole proprietor, and on Jan. I, 185 1, as sole editor also. We have not been able to find the files of the succeed- ing years to 1 861, and will be very grateful for information which will give us access to any which may be in existence. J. R. Bartlett. Barre, Vt., Dec. 30, 1881. GOLDEN WEDDINGS. Mr. and Mrs. Capt. Joseph Somerby, celebrated the first golden wedding in Montpelier village many years ago. Mr. and Mrs. Worcester Sprague, cele- brated their golden wedding Mar. 11, 1878. Mr. and Mrs. Henry Nutt, celebrated their golden wedding June 18, 1878. All of this village. 70 554 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. THE 4TH OF JULY, 1807. Well does the writer remember the ap- pearance of the village the first time he entered it, which was on the fourth of July, 1807. State street had then been surveyed, but not opened. There had been before one bridge across the Branch, and that was at the Union House ; but even that had been carried away, we think, by the flood of the previous sjjring. At all events, no bridge was there then. The men and women rode through the stream on horses, or in carts and wagons, and we boys rolled up our trowsers over our knees and waded across, not one in ten of us be- ing cumbered with either stockings or shoes. The point of attraction was the new State House grounds, and our way led along the old road down the ri\er, under the hill, where the back street now ex- tends from the Union House to the Cath- olic Church. All on our left, after passing the Colonel Davis establishment, and one or two small houses on the bank to the east of it, was a smooth, broad, well-tilled meadow, covered with wa\'ing green corn. Two lines of stakes running east and west could be traced through the midst of the meadow. " What in the world are all those stakes for, setting up .so straight and curious, all in a row there ?'' asked one of the older, out of town boys. " Those stakes ? Why they are to show where we are to have a new handsome street from the new State House right across the Branch, with a fine, elegant new bridge," replied a village boy, pricking up with pride at the thought. " A street," rejoined the other, " well, I wonder wheie they expect to find houses to put upon it. It appears to me you vil- lage folks are trying to grow grand all at once. When you get the new State House up, I expect we shan't be able to touch you with a rod pole." This natural little bout of words among the boys of that time, showed two things better than a page of elucidation ; — first, the extent of the important changes and improvements in contemplation for the village, and second, the starting points of the simultaneous growth of that village pride and country jealousy, which, proba- bly, are ever in a greater or less degree to be found, wherever villages exist, to crow and affect superiority, and country towns to build up and sustain them. When we reached tlie place where the then novelty of our national jubilee was to be celebrated, we found the exercises of the clay were to be performed on the ground-work of the new State House, the foundation walls of which were all up, the sills and flooring timbers framed together, and roughly floored over, and the plates and some other of the hea\'y upper timbers ranged round tlie borders of this ground frame-work. Near tlie centre of the area thus formed, was erected a broad platform, on which was placed a table and several chairs for the orator of the day and those who assisted in the usual services : while around it, on the borders of the whole area, were erected bushes, or rather small trees, freshly cut and brought from the ad- joining woods on the hill, to serve for shade for the speaker and audience. The orator was Paul Dean, a Universalist min- ister, who resided in Boston, but who about that time preached for some small period in different parts of Montpelier. This was the first general public celebra- tion of the Fourth of July ever held in Montpelier. A small village celebration was, however, held the preceding summer, in a booth, built in a meadow near the Davis mills on the Branch, and Dr. Ed- ward Lamb wrote and delivered the ora- tion. — Thompson. GEN. PERLEY P. PITKIN was born in Marshfield, son of Truman Pitkin, and grandson of Hon. Stephen of Marshfield, and Gen. Parley Davis of Montpelier. His father removed to what is now East Montpelier, and shortly his mother died, leaving three young children. Perley P. was brought up under the eye of Gen. Davis, married in East Montpelier, represented that town 2 years, and resided there until the breaking out of the rebell- ion. June 6, 1861. he was commissioned Quarter Master of the 2d Regt. of Vermont Vohmteers, and went to the front. The writer of this notice was then in Washing- ton, and well remembers the astonishment of the red-tape gentlemen of the War De- partmentat the promptitude ofO. M. Pitkin in the discharge of his duties, and the vim with which he demanded supplies. His controlling idea was that Vermont bo\s musfhe taken care of, and they were, as well as an efficient officer could do it. His valu- able qualities were soon discovered, and in less than a year he was promoted to the rank of Captain, and not long after to that of Colonel and head of the Depot Depart- ment of the army of the Potomac. He re- turned to Montpelier, where his family was located, and entered into business with Dennis Lane and J. W. Brock in the manu- MONTPELIER. 555 facture of saw-mills, which now have a wide reputation ; and this has been developed into the Lane Manufacturing Company, which now has the largest and most suc- cessful business which any manufacturing concern in Montpelier has ever had. He resigned his colonelcy and was elected Quarter-Master General of the State, and having charge of the State Arsenal, and military supplies far beyond the wants of the State, he succeeded in making sales to foreign governments, which materially aided the State treasury and reduced the burden of taxation of the people. He rep- resented Montpelier in the legislature 1874-5, and since his residence has al- most constantly been employed in town and village offices. e. y. w. FIRST ELECTION DAY IN MONTPELIER. By the terms of the act, locating the seat of government at Montpelier, the State House was to be completed by the first of September, 1808. It was done; and great were the preparations made among the villagers, and great tlie antici- pations raised among them and through all the surrounding community, in view of the advent of the new and important day of " Election y Streets were cleared of lum- ber and rubbish, side-walks prepared of plank or gravel, houses painted, new suits of clothes purchased, and everything made to assume the sprucest appearance. A fine artillery company uniformed through- out with plumed Bonaparte hats and the dress of field officers in all except the epau- lette on the privates, was organized from among the first citizens of this and the neighboring towns, to serve as the gover- nor's guard, and be in special attendance on Election days. Of this company Isaac Putnam, a man nearly six feet high, weigh- ing over two hundred pounds, well propor- tioned, and as noble in soul as in body, had the honor of being chosen the first captain, and no one of those present now living can fail to recall his fine and com- manding military appearance on those oc- casions as he stood up between his soldiers and the encircling crowd, like Saul among the people. An iron six-pounder field piece had been procured ; and a thrill of excitement ran through the excited hearts of all the boys of the community at the news, that when the election of State officers was declared on Election clay, " a cannon, a great cannon, was to be fired in Montpelier Hollow !" The eventful day at length came, and with it two-thirds of the population of all the neighboring country, 15 or 20 miles around, came pouring into the village. But instead of attempting any further gen- eral description of the then entire novelties of the day and their eftect on the multitude, we will, at the risk of the imputation of losing our dignity as a historian, again have recourse to the reminiscences of our boyhood. We were, of course, there on that day among the throngs of excited boys, congregated from all quarters, to witness the various sights and performances expected on that important occasion. A showy procession had been formed in the fore part of the day, led by tlie military in all the marching pomp of flying colors and rattling drums, and followed by the State officers, members of the legislature and a concourse of citizens, and the Election sermon had been preached by the Rev. Sylvanus Haynes, pastor of the Baptist Church of Middletown. The House of Representatives had been organized by the election of Dudley Chase, Esq., of Ran- dolph, Speaker; and a canvassing com- mittee appointed still earlier in the day and put to work in counting the votes for State officers. And as the hour of sunset ap- proached, and as there had been for some hours no public demonstrations to be wit- nessed, a great proportion of the crowd was scattered all over the village. We and a lot of other boys were standing in the street somewhere against our present Court House, when, sudden as the burst- ing of a thunderclap, the whole village shook with the explosion of the cannon on the State House common. VV^e all instant- ly ran at the top of our speed for the spot. When we had got about half way there, we met a gang of other boys from one of the back towns, who, taken by surprise and seized with panic at the stunning shock, were fleeing for their 4ives in the opposite direction ; but gaining a little assurance from seeing us rushing toward the scene of their fright, one, braver than the rest, stopped short, boldly faced about and exclaimed, "Hoo! I an't a n'attom afraid !" and all now joining in the race, we were, in another minute, within a few rods of the smoking gun, which had been discharged on the announcement of the election of Isaac Tichenor as Governor. The next moment our attention was at- tracted by the voice of Israel P. Dana, sherift'of the county, standing on the upper terrace of the State House, and loudly pro- claiming — "Hear ye! hear ye ! hear ye! the Honorable Paul Brigham has been elected Lieutenant Governor, in and over the State of Vermont, by the suffrages of the freemen . God save the people !" Then 556 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. another discharge of the piece saluted our recoiling ears and sent its sharp echoes from side to side between the encircling hills. Then came the announcement of the election of Benjamin Swan as Treas- urer, followed by a third gun ; then the last announcement of the election of Coun- cillors, followed by a fourtli gun ; and then, without further official announcements, the salute of guns was continued till one for each of the states had been fired. Such were the performances on the first Election day in Montpelier, and such the interest and excitement they created among the multitude. — Thompson. HON. JOSEPH POLAND, second son of the late Dea. Luther and Nancy (Potter) Poland, was born in Underbill, Mar. 14, 181S; removed with his father in 1821 to Coifs Gore, now Waterville, and worked on a farm till 1835, when he came as an apprentice to the Montpelier W^atcJmian office, and remain- ed until 1839. January i, 1839, l''^ com- menced the publication of the Voice of Freedofft, but in less than a year sold out on account of ill health. In June, 1840, he started the Lamoille Whig at Johnson, and continued it 3 years. In 1844, he re- turned to Montpelier, and established the Green Mountain F?-ee)nan, and continued it until Dec. 1848. In 1868, in connection with his son, J. Monroe, he purchased the Watchman and Journal, of which he is still in charge. It is probable that no ed- itor in Vermont, now in the harness, has had Mr. Poland's experience of 25 years in connection with the public press. Mr. Poland has held numerous public offices, the duties of all having been faith- fully performed: In 1842, assistant clerk of the House of Representatives; 1852-3, judge of probate for Washington County ; i858-'6o, state Senator; i870-'7i, town representative; 1861-68, collector of U. S. internal revenue for the first Congres- sional District; 1849-1881, secretary and director of The Farmers' Mutual Fire In- surance Co7Hpatiy — offices which he has held ever since the organization of the company, and to which he has been an- nually elected by unanimous votes. Mr. Poland may well be ranked as a veteran in the celebrated anti-slavery movement which has now become histori- cal, having enlisted in 1843, and conducted the organ of the party in Vermont, and served as chairman of its State Committee, for many years ; so that he may now prop- erly indulge in the double boast of both him that girdeth on the harness and he that putteth it off — having lived to see American slavery not only forever extin- guished by the organic law of the land, but remembered only with such detestation that history blushes at the record. In 1840 Mr. Poland married Mary Ann, daughter of the late Joseph Rowell. They had 7 children, of whom 5 have died : 3 in infancy, Clara A., a beautiful daughter, in 1865, and Charles F., when developing into a promising manhood, in 1875. Two sons survive, J. Monroe and Edward R. Mrs. Poland died in 1862, and in 1873 Mr. P. married Miss Julia M. Harvey, daughter of James K. Harvey, of Barnet, deceased. Mr. Poland joined the first Congrega- tional (Bethany) church in 1839, "^"^^ ^'^^ several years he has been one of its deacons, an earnest worker in its Sabbath-school, and a promoter of all reformative and Christian enterprises. He is favorably known in the churches of Vermont, and is now publisher of two religious newspapers, the Vermont Chronicle and the A'cio Hamp- shire Journal. E. P. w. OLD PEOPLE OF 1 88 1. The oldest man living in town is Dr. Nathaniel C. King, born July 19, 1789; settled in the north part of the old town in 1805, and came to the village to reside in 1875- The oldest woman residing in town is Mrs. Lucy Mead, born July 2^, 1789; has been a resident of the village since 1813. The oldest person living in the village, and born in the limits of the old town, is Orin Cummins, born Feb. 23, 1801. The oldest person living in the village, born in the limits of the new town, is John Q. A. Peck, born in 1808. The oldest person living in town and born in the village limits, is Snow Town, born in 1806. J/"^"''*^ MONTPELIER. 557 The oldest person living in the village, and born in the village, is Wm. Nelson Peck, born Sept. i8, 1811. The oldest resident of the village is Hon. Elijah Paine Jewett, who has resided here since 1805, and is 80 years of age. The oldest French resident of the town is Joseph Wood, who came in 1831, and is now 85 years of age. The oldest Irish resident in town is James McLaughlin, who came in 1832, and is now 80 years of age. Mr. John Murphy came in 1834, and is now 86 years of age. WILLIAM W. CADWELL. Among the very old and worthy citizens of Montpelier was William W. Cadwell, who was born in Hatfield, Mass., May 12, 1799, and in the same year was brought to Montpelier by his father, Wyllis I. Cadwell. He succeeded his father in trade for many years, and on retiring was employed as town clerk, magistrate, overseer of the poor, &c. He was esteemed as an honest man, always having the interests of the town at heart. He died suddenly in 1877, aged 78 years. The above was not written in time to appear with the biographies of deceased citizens of Montpelier. e. p. w. [We had filed and overlooked till now.] MRS. GOVERNOR RANSOM, a native of Montpelier, and a sister of William W. Cadwell, Esq., who died at the residence of her son-in-law in Fort Scott, Kansas, Nov. 17, 1877. She was for many years a resident of Michigan, of which state her husband was both gover- nor and chief justice. Mrs. Ransom's name before marriage was Almira Cadwell. The home of the Cadwells was in the old house still standing at the head of State Street. Mrs. Constant W. Storrs and Mrs. Geo. P. Ricker are the only represen- tatives of the old family left here, now. Almira Cadwell, it is said, was a beautiful girl. The old house was considered the only house in Montpelier worthy to re- ceive Lafayette in, on his visit to the capi- tal of the State of the Green Mountain Boys, for whom the great French General always had a particular admiration. MRS. SARAH SPALDING, widow of the late Hon. John Spalding, who was for many years the treasurer of the State of Vermont, died at her home in Montpelier Jan. 19, 1874, in her 83d year. Mrs. Spalding, a virtuous and excellent woman, was a great sufferer for many years previous to her death, and an inva- lid for over 40 years. A few days before her death, she had a second paralytic shock, after which she was never able to speak. She was the mother of 8 children, among whom was CHARLES C. SPALDING, a graduate of Burlington College, see page "Charles Spalding was first civil en- gineer for a time. In 1849, when the California gold fever broke out, he was among the pioneers who sought that auri- ferous land, making the passage in a sailing vessel around Cape Horn. His success at mining was indifferent. Returning home via the Pacific coast and the Gulf of Mexi- co, he spent about a year in Montpelier, when he went to New York and entered the service of Harnden & Co. as express messenger between New York and Boston. Soon going West, he engaged in survey- ing and railroad engineering in Ohio, Illi- nois and Kentucky. At the time of the establishment of Kansas as a territory, he was living in one of the border counties of Missouri, where he married a Missouri lady. He took part in the establishment of its territorial government, making pre- liminary surveys and encouraging immigra- tion by writing special letters to the New York Tribune, which attracted no little attention in the East. He published a pa- per in Lawrence, Kansas, and was elected an alderman, and was for a short time mayor of the city. He took the democrat- ic side on the outbreak of the Kansas war, and soon after left the state. He after- wards taught school, and at the breaking out of the war returned to the East, en- listing in the 6th Vermont Regiment, served 2 years, came home and started the Newport Netvs, at Newport, Vt. This he sold, and went to Boston in 1866, and took a position on the Boston Post. In 1869, he became connected with the Boston Herald, and remained with that paper up to the time of his decease. He had been suffering from a complication of diseases, and his death was not unexpected. — Biir- lingtoti Free Press. He was perhaps best known to the pub- lic through the police court column of this journal, which he has written almost con- 5S8 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. tinuously for several years past. The hu- mor, the philo-sophy, the philanthropy, which he has there introduced into his homilies upon the doings of the criminal classes of this Metropolis, have endeared him in the hearts of thousands of people who knew him not personally, and who will regret sincerely his demise. — Rutland Herald. [See biography of Hon. John Spalding, page 487.] JAMES REED SPALDING, of the class of 1840, died at Dover, N. H., early in October, 1872, in the fiftieth year of his age. He was a native bf Montpelier, and chose journalism as his profession, soon after his graduation. He first gained reputation as the chief editorial writer of the New York Courier and Enquirer, dur- ing the last year of its existence. From that paper he went to the New York World, which he was interested in estab- lishing as a religious, rather than a political newspaper ; but the experiment soon failed in that form, and when Mr. Marble got possession of the paper, and turned it into a democratic organ, Mr. Spalding left it and went upon the Times, where he re- mained many years and did his best work. His daily leader — generally upon a politi- cal subject — was uniformly the best piece of writing upon the editorial page, uniting vigor with finish, full knowledge of his theme, and a statesman's grasp of its rela- tions. He had his first attack of paralysis before the death of Mr. Raymond, and re- tired to the country, but for some months, at least, kept up his constant contributions to the editorial department of the paper. He was a man of high literary attainments and was an essayist rather than an editor. To a moral character of great purity was added the fervor of Christian faith, which did not find utterance in noisy declaration, but shone luminously in the simplicity of his manners, and the consecration of his splendid powers to the advocacy of such principles as he deemed best calculated to benefit mankind. The disease which im- paired his powers in later life and eventu- ally caused his death was apoplectic paraly- sis. One of his finest public eff"orts was an oration delivered at the semi-centennial celebration of the foundation of this Uni- versity, in 1854. — U. I'. M. Obituary. Mr. Spalding was brother of Rev. George B. Spalding of Dover, N. H., editor of the New Hampshire Journal, and son of Dr. James Spalding — p. 445. Dr. James and Hon. John Spalding, father of Charles Carrol, were brothers. MARCUS D. OILMAN, born in Calais, Jan. 28, 1820, came to Montpelier in 1835, and was engaged in merchandise there and at Northfield until 1845, when he started out on a tour in search of a favorable place in which to locate. This tour embraced the Atlantic cities from Boston to Baltimore, and the western cities and promising towns to the Mississippi river. He was greatly im- pressed by Chicago, then a fresh city of about 8000 inhabitants, among whom were many Vermonters. Having in the mean- time married Maria Malleville, daughter of Hon. Daniel Baldwin, of Montpelier, he left that town in June, 1845, with his wife and his few effects, for Chicago, and in less than a week after his arrival formed a co- partnership with Charles Follansbee for a general mercantile business, wholesale and retail. At the end of the first year he pur- chased the entire stock, and from that time, either alone or with different part- ners, Mr. Oilman prosecuted his business, for most of the time in two wholesale estab- lishments — one of dry goods and the other of groceries;— and so successfully prosecu- ted it, that he was content to retire in 1868, when for two years he with his family re- sided at Riverside, Newton, Mass., and then returned to the old homestead and the scenes of their childhood and youth, at Montpelier, where their beautiful home still is. Politically Mr. Oilman has been from youth a Democrat, and his familiar ac- quaintance with and friendship for " Tlie Little Giant," Stephen A. Douglas, in- spired in him a zeal that has never flagged. He has been the candidate of his party for Mayor, and also Treasurer of Chicago ; and he was tendered the candidacy for State Treasurer of Illinois, which he de- clined. He was the representative of Montpelier, i874-'5, and the only man ever elected as a Democrat since the di- vision of the old town ; but a Republican legislature had so high an appreciation of his integrity and business qualities that he was elected a Director of the State Prison. He was Librarian of the Vermont Historical Society, 1874-1881, and has N'***;^ a^c^^ /y&/^^^ MONTPELIER. 559 rendered the Society and the State inval- uable services, and his declination of further service is a great loss. His taste is for antiquities, history and biography, and his private library in these lines is probably more extensive and valuable than any- other in the State. He is an honorary or corresponding member of various his- torical and other organizations. He is President of the Vermont Numismatical Society, and will ere long appear as author of a Bibliography of Vennont, which he has been industriously preparing for sev- eral years. Mr. Oilman's political record to this date cannot be completed without adding that he was chairman of the Vermont delega- tion in the National Democratic Conven- tion of 1876, and voted for Samuel J. Tilden every time. His democracy is cer- tainly both unimpeachable and unappeas- able. For additional notices of Mr. Oilman and his family, see atite, pages 155-157. E. p. w. A soldier's letter — WAR OF '6 1. Extract : — Curtis A. Coburn was ap- pointed regimental postmaster at Brattle- boro, Vt., and also brigade postmaster while in camp near Washington ; we all liked him much. He was always very anxious that we should get our mails promptly and daily, if it was to be got at. He was transferred to the Signal Corps in August last, and was captured by the reb- els while on our retreat from Culpepper to Bull Run, in October. Sergt. Hiram M. Pierce, (in whom I feel more particularly interested, he always being with the Company,) has been a good soldier and done his duty well in every spot and place, and by his good conduct won the esteem of every member in the company ; always cheerful and happy. While a detachment of Cos. B, O, and K, were doing picket duty at Conrad's Ferry, Md., one year ago, he was detailed as act- ing quartermaster and also sergt. -major of the detachment, and in those positions he was found fully competent. By his gal- lantry at the battle of Orange Orove, he proved himself to be an earnest, brave and noble champion to the cause of humanity, liberty and his country. In the progess of that battle as we were ordered to fix bayo- nets and charge, on approaching the rail fence he spoke so loud that he was heard by every one in the company, " Come on Co. B," and was one of the first to climb the fence. He had been over but a mo- ment when I heard him exclaim — " I am wounded, my arm is broken." The next time I saw him was at Brandy Station, Va., several days afterwards ; as soon as I heard that the wounded had arrived, 1 went down to see them, and I found Sergt. Pierce; he appeared quite glad to see me, as I was to see him, but 1 felt very sorry to see him with but one arm, (his left arm was taken off above the elbow) . He told me that it had been very painful, for on account of the hasty retreat of the medical corps from the field in light marching order, his arm was not attended to until two or three days after the battle. Lieut. Stetson, who had been in com- mand of the company most of the time since we have been in the service, drew my attention at the battle of Orange Grove. He stood bravely at his post, re- marking "boys, keep cool, and do not shoot until you can see something to shoot at !" Lieut' Abbott of Co. D, (then act- ing as 1st Lieut, of Co. B,) was doing all all he could to keep a good line, and also to preserve good order in the company. After Oilman Storrs was shot, a boy that we have missed very much, Lieut. Stetson (whom you all know is not very easily scared), grasped a musket, and asking the boys if they had any ammunition for him, I gave him some caps, and some one else some cartridges, when he loaded and fired as fast as he could, remarking that " he hoped that each bullet would do good exe- cution, for they had killed his boy Oim." Lieut. Abbott came out with us as orderly sergeant, and after he was promoted to 2d lieut. of Co. D, the company very gener- ously presented him a sword, belt and shoulder-straps, costing about $50, as a testimony of their regard for him. — ll'atc/iinan. Curtis Coburn, who enlisted from Mont- pelier, learned the printer's trade at the Repository ofiice, of Mr. Charles H. Sev- erance, now of the VVatcfunan office. Coburn died in New Orleans ; see page 523. . Lieutenants Abbott and Stetson, see page 522. CHARLES W. LYMAN, [To whom we find the following tribute in the Baltimore Atnerican,^ Died, Oct. 10, 1866, in Shelby, Ohio, after a short illness, C. W. Lyman, former- ly of Montpelier, leaving a young wife, child and numerous friends to mourn his untimely end. 560 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. He was among the foremost who rallied to his country's defense when the tocsin of war sounded, serving faithfully and gal- lantly as a line officer in the "Wallace Zouaves" of Indiana. Subsequently he was promoted to a position of great respon- sibility in the Southwest, where, for ability, integrity and honor, he won the highest encomiums from such men as " Grant, Sherman and McPherson" — men whom the nation loves to honor. As a man and a friend he was generous to a fault, and few can boast of more sincere friendship or warmer admirers. As a father and hus- band he was all that love and fidelity could make him ; young and full of ambitious hopes, he passed from our midst a bright example to all who love the generous and the good. — Watchman. His remains were brought to Montpelier and interred in Green Mount. CENTRAL VERMONT DEPOT AT MONTPELIER. Coming up from Montpeher Junction, some less than 2 miles below, we arrive at the Montpelier station in about five minutes' ride from the Junction. The cars stop at the new Central depot, which the eye strikes but a moment before landing — almost the same instant the State House, on the street beyond, on higher ground, and the prin- cipal part of State St. running along the river side, opens up a pleas- ^ ant view of the village of the Green Moun- tain Capital on the first approach to it by railroad from St. Albans and Burlington way. The first railroad depot building, which stood upon the same site, was erected in 1850 — a brick structure, 150x50 feet, creditable for the time, and a beginning; but a better building being desired in which to receive the Legislature, and more suitable to the place, the present commo- dious brick depot was erected, being*com- pleted September 1880. We have the view of the exterior ; the interior is well and conveniently finished for the Capital depot ; a very wide central hall — wide enough for the town representatives of several of the smaller counties of the State to walk through abreast — gentlemen and ladies' waiting: rooms upon the left, baggage room, tel- egraph and express offices upon the right. The whole building, warmed by steam, with all modern conveniences. The first train of cars entered Mont- pelier, June 20, 1849. The travelling public found accommodations a few months until the first depot house was built, in a freight house, first built, just over the track south. At this point in our description, failing to find exact data to continue, we wrote to J. W. Hobart, Gen. Supt. of the Cen. Vt. R. R. at St. Albans, that we had the en- graving of the depot, were preparing a sketch, and asking for such data and in- formation as he could give, who has sent the following descriptive letter, which, find- ing so interesting, we have concluded to sive entire : MONTPELIER. 561 MR. HOBART'S letter. St. Albans, Vt., Jan. 2, 18S2. Miss Hemenway : Madam : — Your tavor of the 3 1 st ult. came duly to hand, and I feel much interest in the subject of your enquiries. Probably there is no one hving who is more fa- miliar with the early history of the railroad in Montpelier than myself. The advent of the cars into that beautiful town occurred on the 4th of July, 1S49, and the tirst train consisted of ten platform cars, loaded with 100 bbls. of fiour each, and covered with a [Vt. Mutual Fire Ins. Co.'s Building, — Railro new white cheese canvas over each car. The train was drawn by engine Winooski. John Danforth was engineer, and the writer of this was the conductor. Later in the day, passenger trains ran in charge of the same persons, and well do I remember the interest manifested and the commotion created among the people who came in from the surrounding country. There being a circus upon the meadow near Mrs. Nicholas' house, on the Berlin side, which taken together with the usual 4th of July as a holiday, the town was packed, and we were compelled to send men in advance to clear the way for the train. Every build- ing from which the cars could be seen was covered, every available window occupied, the tops of buildings were covered if pos- sible, and even the tree-tops were alive with people. Warner Hine, who was then master of transportation, was the acting agent at that station during the summer of 1849. In the autumn of that year the road was completed to Waterbury, and Mr. Hine 71 with his force was removed to that station, and Mr. J. Edwards Wright was made the first permanent station agent at Montpelier, where he remained until Aug. 185 1, re- signing his position at that time to engage in the purchase of wool in Ohio. A. V. H. Carpenter, now the General Passenger Agent of the Milwaukee & St. Paul R. R., succeeded Mr. Wright, and remained in that position until June, 1862, at which time he was relieved to take another po- sition, and J. W. Hobart was enstalled as the agent. Up to that time Mr. Hobart had been a clerk for both Mr. Wright and Mr. Carpenter. _ As you are aware, Montpelier is at the terminus of a branch ofone and one-fourth of a mile in length, and up to October of that year, all the trains passed in and out over the branch. In October they discontinued run- ning the main line trains into Montpelier, but in place estab- lished a branch train, consisting simply of a small engine, fitted up With seats each side of the tender. This engine was called the "Abigail Adams." It was de- termined in the course of a very few days that it would be im- possible to do the business of the Capital with the facilities then provided. So the Presi- dent, Gov. Paine, ordered a small car built, as the engine had not sufficient capacity to AD Square.] handle a large car, except under the most favorable circumstan- ces. Meantime, however, a large car was provided, and when the business required it, the car was attached to this miniature engine, which in many instances proved unequal to the task, and the conductor, who was none other than the agent at Montpelier, the cars of the branch trains having been added to his duties, the baggage master, and many times the en- gineer, were compelled to push in aiding the engine the whole distance, and it was not unfrequently the case, that the pas- sengers themselves, in response to a re- quest, would aid in furnishing power to move the train. I cannot now give you the name of the first engineer of this little engine, but one of the engineers who is now there, came soon afterwards. (I refer to Mr. James Bowers, and I have no doubt he will give you the name.) In due time the small car was finished, and we had less trouble. This car proved quite a novelty, it having been finished like an omnibus, with seats upon the side. 562 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. This condition, however, did not last long, as it was found and admitted by the officers, who, by the way, were not over and above friendly tn Montpelier, that the facilities were entirely inadequate ; sc a full and quite a respectable train was provided, consisting ofan engine called the "Flying Dutchman," a baggage and a first-class passenger car. Soon after the management chan<; ed from Northfield to St. Al bans, and Montpelier \\a- evidently improved by th(_ change. James Bowers, who is still there, was one of the "^^^^ engineers who ran the "Flying Dutchman." J. W. Hobart remained there until March, 1859, ^"^^ ^^^^ succeeded by the present incumbent, S. L. Howe, Esq., who was for some time pre- vious the assistant of Mr. Hobart. I am very nearly as familiar with the history of the railroad interest of Montpelier since this period, but as it covers a period of about 22 years, and my time is limited, I leave it for others, Mr. Howe and many others in Mont- pelier being perfectly familiar with aftairs since the above date of 1839. It gives me much pleasure to communicate these facts, and if they are of any value to you in making up the history ot the best town in the State. I shall certainly be very well paid. I know very well all the gentlemen whose portraits you have, and they certainly will prove a very valuable accession to your history. 1 intended to have mentioned earlier in my letter that our Vice President, Mr. James R. Langdon, is perhaps more fa- miliar with the history of our road than any gentleman in Montpelier. He, I think, was one of the original board of directors, with Gov. Paine as President. If at any time you should desire to make any further enquiry, it will give me pleasure to give you such information as I may have. Hoping you will continue to be as success- ful as you have been in the past, in the progress and completion of your work, and extending the compliments of the season, I remain very truly and Respectfully yours, J. W. Hobart. Mr. Bowers gives the engineers : Wm. Patterson, James Bowers, Henry Wallace, William Greenleaf, Fred Webster, Henry Buckley, Ed. Eaustice, Chas. Greenleaf, Wm. Dolloff, B. F. Merrill, Williahi Gould, Robert Gregg, David Daniels, A. S. Caswell. [Pavilion Hotel, opposite Central Vermont Depot.] Through the hall of the Central depot )ou pass on a broad pavement of brick over to State street and the Pavilion hotel, from the steps of which you look back and have a good view of the depot. The view was taken from the steps of the Pavilion. It is at the Pavilion the Governors always stop during the sessions of the Legislature. The baggage masters have been : Z. R. True, Gamaliel Washburn, S. E. Bailey, C. T. Hobart, H. W. Drew, T. W. Bailey, E. W. Thompson, W. H. Pingree, James Finn. The station agent was conductor on the Branch till the Barre road opened, since which T. W. Bailey has been con- ductor. S. L. Howe is the present station agent. Tlie TelegrapJi ami Express Office. — The Vermont and Boston Telegraph Company was incorporated by the October Session of the Legislature, 1848, and a station es- tablished at Montpelier in connection with an express office of Cheney & Co., of Boston, opened in 1849. The express office was first kept, until the opening of the passenger depot, here, in the Hubbard building. Col. H. D. Hopkins was the first manager of both the telegraph and express office, and for 24 years after — Bigelow was the first telegraph operator. Mr. H. W. Drew, who succeeded Col. Hopkins, is the present express agent and manager of the telegraph office ; Mr. A. G. Trulan, operator. MONTPELIER. 563 The next building of like public interest, after the Central depot, is the depot of the MONTPELIER AND WELLS RIVER R. R., run under W. A. StowelPs administration since this road was opened, Nov. 24, 1873 i J. G. Farwell station agent to the present. The conductors from here to Wells River have been, H. S. Boutwell, son of Colonel Levi Boutwell, of Montpelier. George Smith, of this village, Henry Whitcomb, of Jonesville, Charles Ferrin, of this vil- lage, and Eugene Rand, present conductor. Siipt. — W. A. Stowell ; Cashier and GetCl Passenger Agent, Fred. W. Morse; Train Master, Henry W. Whitcomb. Engineers and firemen. — John Carter, James Hadlock, Charles Field, James Boutwell, George Cummings, Geo. Morse, Charles Noyes, W. S. Keeler, Herbert Lawrence aud Harvey Edgerly. [Watchman & Journal Building, State St.] ANECDOTES OF LEVI BOUTWELL. BY COL. H. D. HOPKINS. Col. Boutwell, — there was not in all the wide circle of his acquaintance a person who had seen another like him. His face was singularly expressive. He could look savage enough to chill you with fear, or kindly enough to inspire the confidence of the most doubting and timid. He said in his life-time a thousand things which for genuine originality and severity were worthy of a professional satirist. Many a time have we seen in town or village meet- ing a prosy debate cut short, and the vote reached by one of his brief, gruff speeches, as in the meeting of the Wells River rail- road company in Jan., 1874. The meet- ing was about to ballot for directors, when one gentleman suggested that the Board should consist of five instead of nine, as heretofore. Another suggested seven ; still others were on their feet ready to make some motion or suggestion, or engage in a little speech, when the sturdy old Colonel sprang nervously up, and said, " I think, Mr. Chairman, we will have it nine. I want some to watch, as well as others to pray." This speech was the end of the debate on that subject. The nine direc- tors were immediately ordered, and the election made. Once he was sitting in the bar-room of OOKBINDERY, jATESTREEy^ BtpeliehVi 2MC [Rialto Elock, State St.] the " Pavilion," with his knees well spread before that familiar old fireplace, while he looked intently on the burning pile before him. His face bore a specially stern look. Some one came in, and saluted him with, " How are you. Colonel ?" His reply was as apt as original. " Well," he said : "I manage to keep tolerably even tempered, 564 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. [WASHINGTON COUNTV COLKT HOUSE, STATE STREET.] thank ye ; mad as the devil clear through all the time." Col. Boutwell was a supporter of the "Church of the Messiah" — Unitarian — and a faithful attendant upon its services. Two or three years ago, in the summer season, some little boys of the neighbor- hood got in the way of loitering about the door and vestibule of the church during service hours Sunday evenings. As they became familiar, they become also bold and somewhat noisy. At length they got so curious as to go up and push the door to the audience room a little open, and look in. Then if somebody in the audi- ence changed position a little, so that they apprehended danger, they would ' ' cut and run " ; but presently, when all was quiet again, they would repeat the experiment. At length Col. Boutwell became much dis- turbed, and felt he could stand the uncivil conduct of the lads no longer. So he went out to rectify things, and give the lads some lessons in morals and good man- < ners. The boys left the house by the shortest way, and run, some up street, some down, and some across. The Col. pursued hotly in one direction. Leaving his hat in the church, he soon lost also his wig. But without stopping to replace that, he followed on. At length he closed in with one of the intruders, and shaking him and cuffing him in a way more frightening than damaging, and heading him toward the church, he said, " what are you about here, you little cuss, you ? Why ain't you up in there getting some religion, as you ought to be, instead of being out here raising the devil in this way ?" The Colonel was uncommonly bald, and without his heavy dark wig looked not a bit like himself. Once he was in the wash room of the Pavilion, and for convenience in his ablutions had laid his wig aside. Presently a young, spruce feeling chap, with extremely red hair, came in too. Noticing the Colonel's nude head, he in- quired, " well. Uncle, why don't you have MONTPELIER. 565 some hair on your head ?" It was an im- pudent question, and the Colonel knew it. Looking savagely on the red head of the saucy young stranger, he replied, " When they made me, and had me all finished ex- cept my hair, they told me that they had nothing left except red hair. I told them, then, 'I gad,' I wouldn't have any. I had rather go without. They might save that for impudent young popinjays and fools." The young inquisitive and joker was perfectly willing to drop the subject. [AKGU^ t PMUIOT IU ILDINt M \1\ M Ittt 1 J PRESIDENT MONROE'S VISIT. (From "The ruESiDENT's Touk," By S. Putnam Waldo, published at Hartford, Ct., 1819.) "At 10 (a. m.) he was met and wel- comed by the committee of arrangements, at Mr. Stiles', in Berlin. The procession was then formed, under direction of the marshals, and proceeded to Montpelier. A little before 1 1, a discharge of artillery announced the near approach of the Chief Magistrate of the nation. On entering the village, he alighted from his carriage, and proceeded with the cavalcade, on horseback, to the Academy, through the Main street, lined on each side by citizens, under direction of Joseph Howes, Esq. Returning to the head of State street, the President dismounted, was received by the ' First Light Company,' commanded by Lieut. E. P. Walton, and conducted to the State House under a national salute from the 'Washington Artillery.' In front of the State House, between three and four hundred masters and misses, students of the Academy and members of the schools in the village, dressed in a neat uniform, each tastefully decorated with garlands from the field of nature, were ar- ranged in two lines facing each other, in perfect order. Previous to the arrival of the escort, the two companies of Cavalry, with an expedition and regularity which did them honor, had placed themselves at a proper and convenient distance on the left of the juvenile procession. The President walked through this assem- blage of youth, uncovering his head, and bowing as he passed, entered the State House under a fanciful arch of evergreens, emblematic, we trust, of the duration of our liberties, on one side of which were these words : ' July 4, 1776 ; ' on the other, 'Trenton, Dec. 26, 1776.' When in front of the house, in the portico of the second story, the Hon. James Fisk, chairman of the committee of arrangements, in presence of the military and a great concourse of assembled citizens, delivered the following iddress : To the President of tJte United States: — " Sir : — The citizens of Montpelier and Its vicinity have directed their committee to present you their respectful salutations, and bid you a cordial welcome. The infancy of our settlements places our progress in the arts and sciences something behind most of our sister states ; but we shall not be denied some claim in a share of that ardent love of liberty, and the rights of man, that attachment to the honor and mterest of our conntry, which now so dis- tinguish the American character ; while the fields of Hubbardton, the heights of Wal- loomsack, and the plains of Plattsburgh, are admitted to witness in our favor. Many of those we now represent, ven- tured their lives in the Revolutionary con- test, and permit us, sir, to say, the value of this opportunity is greatly enhanced by the consideration, that we now tender our respects to one who shared in all the hard- ships and dangers of that eventful period, which gave liberty and independence to our country ; nor are we unmindful that from that period until now, every public act of your life evinces an unalterable at- tachment to the principles for which you then contended. With such pledges, we feel an unlimited confidence, that should your measures fulfil your intentions, your administration under the guidance of Divine Providence, will be as prosperous and happy as its commencement is tranquil and promising ; and that the honor, the rights and inter- ests of the nation will pass from your hands unimpaired. JAMES FISK, For the Committee. " To this address the President made an affectionate and appropriate reply, which was received with three times three ani- mated cheers by the citizens. S66 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. The President then, with his suite, com- mittee, marshals and clergy, visited the schools in the Representatives'' room, which was adorned with maps and globes drawn by the scholars ; while the front of the gallery and chandelier displayed a beautiful variety of vines and ornaments. The scholars received him by rising, and Mr. Hill, the preceptor of the Academy, by saying, ' I present to Your Excellency the finest blossoms and fairest flowers that our climate produces' — he replied, ' They are the finest nature can produce.' After CHURCH OF THE .MESSIAH, MAIN STREET in.specting the maps and globes, with ap- probation, he retired ; was received at the door by the ' Washington Artillery,' com- manded by Capt. Timothy Hubbard, and escorted through a line of citizens extend- ing from the State House to the dwelling of'^Wyllis I. Cadwell, Esq., where he par- took of a cold collation served up with ad- mirable taste and elegance. The schools then formed a procession, preceded by the ' First Light Company,' with instrumental music, and moved to the Academy. In passing the President's quarters they saluted him ; the masters, by uncovering their "heads ; the misses, by lowering their parasols. The President having signified his pleas- ure to dispense with the escort of cavalry. after taking an aflfectionate leave of the committee of arrangements, ascended his carriage, and resumed his journey to Bur- lington." GEORGE W. BARKER. BY C-'L. H. D. HOh-KINS. Mr. Barker was at one time postmaster of Montpelier, and then high sheriff of the County, and at the time of his death, a well-known railroad contractor at Manito- woc, Wis. For many years he was, in Vermont, a leading man at the Capital, and exert- ed a strong influence in shaping the action of the democratic party, both personally and through the Vermont Patriot, with which he was for a time connected. When the Vt. Central railroad was build- ing, he was one of the contractors, and made about $xo,ooo — a hand- some amount for the time. He subsequently took a contract on the New York end of the Rutland and Washington railroad, but when a crash came in the affairs of that road, he. with others, was obliged to succumb and go down. His loss was a heavy one, and involved others than himself, notably the late Hon. R. R. Keith, who .suffered to the amount of $15,000. Mr. Barker's next venture was at Paineville, Ohio, and would have result- ed favorably to him but for the fact that the company proved to be insolvent. His next move was Manitowoc above named. Judge Keith, who knew Mr. Barker better than any other man in Montpelier, though he lost by him, always had confidence in his capacity and integrity. Mr. B. was a genial man, a kind neighbor, and especially delighted to speak encouraging words to young men, and the results of some of his endeavors in this line happen to be known to the writer of this brief notice. Mr. MONTPELIER. 567 Barker was a man not to be forgotten. In stature,' he was very large, and in manner, exceptionally genial. Though a man of position and well-formed opinions, he could tenaciously maintain his own view of a question without wounding the feelings of another. Mr. Barker was very fond of church music — especially of thefugvie tunes in vogue in the early years of the present century, and he, Ferrand F. Merrill, Capt. A. A. Sweet and Dr. Gustavus H. Loomis, all of whom were as fond of that style of music as Mr. Barker was, used to have many a pleasant sit-down together, re- hearsing them, and deploring their de- parture from the choirs and the choir re- pertories. • Of these four gentlemen, only Capt. Sweet is living at this present writ- ing, Jan. I RESIDE^CE OF GEORGE C. SHEPAUD, MAIN STREET. George C. Shepard, youngest son of the late Jonathan Shepard, was born in Montpelier, Aug. 26, 1820, and has been eminently a Montpelier man, not only spending his life here, but bringing a wife here, who is a grand-daughter of one of the earliest citizens of Montpelier, Thomas Brooks, and daughter of Joseph Brooks, who was a native of Montpelier ; and he brought her to a beautiful Montpelier home, in the dwelling of the late Hon. Samuel Prentiss, which has been remodel- ed and improved so as to become as charm- ing a home as the town can boast of. Mr. Shepard availed himself so well of our schools and Academy, that he has been able to discharge successfully every public duty. He is prominent socially, polit- ically and financially. For some years he was Director, Vice-President and Presi- dent of the old Bank of Montpelier, and he has been Director and Vice-President of the Montpelier National Bank. He represented the town in the Legislatures of 1862 and '63, and has also represented his Congressional District in a National Con- vention of the Republican partv. E. p. \v. COL. ABEL carter, who during the last days of his life occu- pied the house now owned and occupied by Col. Fred E. Smith, oh Elm street, was a man to be remembered. He was by trade a saddler and_ harness-maker, and a man of very positive feel- ings and opinions, espe- cially in politics. As an abolitionist, he was out- spoken, even to bitterness, and delighted to get into an argument with a con- servative whig, that he might ply him with hard questions. His hatred of slavery, slave-holders and their apologists — Northern dough-faces, as he delight- ed to call them, was most intense. He was sheriff of Washington Co. from 1833 to 1837, and held the office of Sergeant-at-Arms at the State House one year, 1837 to '38. Another prominent and well-known cit- izen of Montpelier for many years previous to 1868, was GAMALIEL WASHBURN, who occupied a small cottage house on Elm street, opposite the old cemetery. He was for many years jailor, and also janitor in the old Brick Church, and his polite attentions to the needs of all wor- shipers there, are well remembered. He was a prominent Mason, and as such was 568 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. highly respected. Two lodges of the order are named in honor of his memory, one at Danville, and another in Montpelier. He died in Dec. 1868. h. d. h. THE OLD BRICK CHURCH. BY COL. H. D. HOPKINS. [From a full account of tlie " Old Brick " anil the new "Betliany"' clmrcli in files of the Argus .{■ Patriot.^ Appreciating the uses of Christian wor- ship, the fathers of the town began in 1817 to discuss the propriety and necessity of a house for this purpose. The first act was the formins^r of the "Montpelier Meetiny- INTERIOK OF BKTHAXV CHURCH. house Society, consisting of 62 gentlemen at first, and which list embraces, we judge, all the then prominent men of Montpelier : Samuel Prentiss, Samuel Goss, E. P. Wal- ton, Geo. Worthington, Nicholas Baylies, Sylvanus Baldwin, Daniel Baldwin, Holden Putnam, Jonathan Shepard, and others. In Dec. 1820, the list was augmented by 25 names more. Of these active men none are now living. The society at its first meeting, Nov. 4, 1817, voted to build a house, Sylvanus Baldwin, Jeduthan Loomis, Samuel Goss, Calvin Winslow and J. H. Langdon to re- port a plan ; Lovewell Warren, Joseph Wiggins, Joseph Howes "to view the sites proposed, ascertain prices and conveniences of each." Nov. 12. "committee on plan" made their report, not accepted ; were in- structed to furnish a plan with steeple or cupola. Nov. 24th, it was voted the house should be for the use of the First Congregational- ist Society in Montpelier, under the control of the proprietors ; the sale of pews to commence at the State House, Nov. 29th ; every note for the purchase of a pew should be payable to the society, and divided into three equal annual payments, one-half in neat stock or grain, and one-half in money ; and the house was to be 60x70 feet, ' ' exclusive of cupola or stee- ple," with 122 pews. Three lots were sharply contested for, one the site of the old brick house back of Mrs. Hyde's; one the lot of Mrs. Joseph Reed, oppo- site the State House, and the other that on which the Brick church was built. They had to resort to the ballot, taken at the State House, Dec. loth, which resulted for the Houghton "spot." The house cost over $6,000. We cannot state when it was ready for occupancy, but its use was tendered to the General Assembly for the Election Sermon on the 2d Thursday, Oct. 1820, and to the Masonic Society the day previous, and Dec. 29th, 105 pews had been sold for $7,620, of which Calvin Wins- low, the contractor, received $7,000. The highest price paid for a pew was $151, by Joseph Howes. Richard Wilkins, Jedu- than Loomis and Samuel Goss paid $150 each for a pew ; Chester Houghton, $140 ; Jonathan Shepard, $120; Salvin Collins, $117. . . . And the old Brick church remained the Sabbath home of this society for more than 45 years. The last service in it was Sunday, May 6, 1866. In a few days the walls of the old church and the MONTPELIER. 569 Masonic hall were leveled to the ground, and the present Bethany church occupies the site. Bethany exterior, 124x72, height of nave, 65 feet ; Gothic architecture ; tower height, 68 feet, 21x21; chapel, 50x35; ridge, 36 feet from ground ; church and tower, walls and buttresses, dark red stone : arches, mouldings, etc., dark blue stone; chapel walls, Burlington stone, almost white, with warm flush of rose ; trimmings, of dark red stone ; at eastern vestibule, with wide corridor and three porches, with opens up : Interior divided by columns into nave and aisle, with an apsidal chan- cel ; church and chancel, deep wainscotted in chestnut, with black walnut cap and base ; beams of the roof cased in chestnut ; ceiling, a clear blue ; walls, a soft stone color ; aisle-roof, nave-roof, arches, clere- story, spandals pierced with capsed open- ings, all highly ornamental ; principal tim- bers of the roof, richly moulded ; roof open quite to the ridge, 60 feet high from the floor of the audience room. The roof of the chancel is supported by detached shafts. RESIDENCE OF JOSEPH POLAND, SCHOOL STREET. tall gables finished with cappings of the dark blue stone, terminated with foliated crosses ; and in the gable of the centre porch, in wall-recess, with pointed arch, the great rose-window, rich in tracery and stained glass ; from the cornice of the belfry rises the spire, enriched with shafted windows, canopies, ornamental slating, to a finial and cross of gold, 153 feet from the ground ; between the side walls of the church, arched windows, supported by but- tresses, filled with tracery ; roofs of church, chapel porches, covered with slating in al- ternate bands of plain and shell-work. As you enter from the vestibule, thus it 72 their moulded bases resting on corbels in the angles of the apsis ; carved ribs rising from these shafts to the stained glass sky- light in the centre ; the chancel is separated from the nave by a richly-moulded arch, resting on clustered shafts ; windows all with arched mouldings, resting on orna- mental corbels. Choir and organ in the chancel, sepa- rated from the pulpit by columns and in- terlacing arches. The blue ceiling here has crimson and buff borders, panels with ornaments in color and panels with me- dallions. The walls of the chancel are maroon, border of crimson and buff, vine 57° VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. of oak leaves in blue ; chancel windows, stained glass, bordered in blue, each with medallion in crimson ; purple wall below each window, border of olive, white and green, with two panels with Gothic heads and spandrels filled with ornaments. The whole coloring of the interior is exceed- ingly rich and chaste, over nave and aisles, as well as chancel. The compartments formed in the blue ceiling by the roof timbers, have wide, rich borders — diag- onal bands of crimson and bulT. The roof timbers are a rich maroon, flecked with orange, yellow, and a stellar pattern in lighter maroon ; the shields on the ends of hammer-beams, a white ground with crim- son border and scroll ornaments; "walls and columns below, neutral gray ; shafts. BAPTIST CHURCH, SCHOOL STREET. colors of the stained glass in the whole interior, chancel, side walls, clere-story, exceedingly beautiful. The chancel win- dows and large rose windows are es- pecially rich," with a declaration of the Most Holy Trinity in the centre light of the great rose window. Our view represents the Interior of this church. For the history of Bethany, see Mr. Waltonls paper, page 288 ; also 396-407. For the historian who writes up the history of the next hundred years of Montpelier, this handsome edifice of stone will remain perfect, as now ; to the old which has already passed away, we there- fore give the more space and the more care to gather up its fragments now, before ir- revocably lost. The organ is superbly pleasing to the eye, har- monizes admirably with the interior of the church, and for general quality of tone, and characteristic voicing of individual stops, ^,== we have never heard ex- celled : The clarionette seems like the veritable instrument itself, the obeo approximates more nearly to the true imitation than any stop we have ever heard called by its name — the Tox Jiumana — people hearing it are actually de- ceived by it, and look around to see who is sing- ing. We have many times heard it pronounced sec- ond to no instrument in the country of its size, and are not prepared to deny the statement. Its first concert was the evening before the dedication of Bethany. arch - mouldings of windows and doors flecked out with crimson, green, purple and flesh color." We are taken with the beauty of the coloring, "the effect" of which ." is much enhanced by the rich AN OLD-TIME SINGING-MASTER, Col. H. D. Hopkins, who for 35 years knew all that was going on in all the choirs around ; knew all the leading singers ; kept singing-school ; conducted musical con- MONTPELIER. 571 ventions, and for 27 years conducted the musicin "Brick"and "Bethany" churches, and so on ; who knew the leaders in the " Old Brick" from the first day to the end, and who ought to have been asked for a paper on this subject, and would have been, had the Compiler been aware of his relations to these matters in time. Moses E. Cheney, of Barnard, the old popular singing-master of the State, says, " Brother Hopkins must be remembered when you notice the churches, certainly. He has done more free labor in Montpelier than any other man, and that so well." The first transient singing-master that ever taught here, says Mr. Hopkins, was Joseph Wilder, from Derby, Vt., and the early choristers of the Brick church were Hon. Joseph Howes, O. H. Smith, Esq., several years. Dr. Gustavus Loomis, Chas. W. Badger, and Moses E. Chenev, who MONTPELIER UNION SCHOOL BUILDING led the singing of the old Brick church about 1840, for 3 years, and did much to inspire the service of song with new life. He, also, was the projector and conductor of the first musical convention ever held in Vermont, and it is believed in America. It has been so stated in the public prints, and has never been denied. The con- vention was held in the old Brick church. May, 1839, and was attended by towns- people not only, but by clergymen and lawyers from all parts of the State. The facts relating to this convention should not go unmentioned, and the honor of it should be placed where it belongs, with Moses E. Cheney, the true Vermonterand antiquarian. John H. Paddock was the first organist here. George W. Wilder, who is in busi- ness now at the head of State street, an esteemed citizen of Montpelier at the pres- ent time, was another organist at the old Brick, also Miss Hosford and a Mrs. Bigelovv ; and John and Zenas Wood were leading singers at the " Old Brick" in its palmy days, and perhaps others—doubtless. Mr. H. assisted at, and reported for all the musical conventions held at Montpelier for more than 20 years, in which he says, in report of the Annual Central Vermont Musical Conven- tion, held at Wash- ington Hall, in this village, Jan. '67 — four days. Mr. Phillips, of St. Albans, elicited the first hearty applause, and Pro- fessor N. L. Phil- lips, of Barre, the man who perhaps has taught more singers than any other in Central Vermont, appear- ed in a superb solo. We are always astonished at the vigor and force of that voice, a grand type of what we wish all voices might be at sixty. The 5th and 6th same annual conventions Mr. Hopkins directed. His first letter to the Boston Journal was written in 1859, ^"^^ ^'"^^il the failing of his health, in 1875, he was the only regular Vermont correspondent of that paper. He has also written quite exten- sively for the Montpelier and other State 572 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. papers. For some few years he has been too much of an invalid for business labor, but occasionally now writes a good article for press. We have been indebted on these last pages to his present pen and huge old scrap-book for several articles. As a speci- men of the Colonel's humorous vein, we purloin the following : TO MY OLD BOOTS. BY SOME ONE. For three full j'ears, and soinetliing more. You've served me a faitliful " pair; " I therefore don't wonder that, all things considered. You're looking "the worse for the wear." SONG OF THE DYING YEAR. BY JOSEPHINE M. SWEET. In the race that thou hast run, In this cycle of the sun. Hast thou in life's hattle won? What hast thou done? What hast thou done? When fears shadowed o'crtlie field, In temptation didst thou yield? Or hast thou in life's battle won? What hast thou done ? What hast thou done ? Hast thou fainted by tlie way, ' Neath the burden of noon-day ? Or hast thou in life's battle won ? Wliat hast tliou done ? What liast thou done ? RESIDENCE OF MR. M. D. OILMAN, BALDWIN ST. THE STATE CAPITOL. Your "bottoms" and "uppers" were "A number one," And fitting so snugly about. Have made a good place to keep " a foot in," While the damp and the cold you kept out. Yes, "A number one I " I wear nothing else; Double soles— oak-tanned and French calf. Albeit old Crispin, with impertinence, said, "You wear number nine and a half." 'Twas a way you had, much to your credit. In parting, permit me to say. Of being quite constantly " round under foot," And yet, not much in the way. In bidding you now a long adieu. And remembering the good yon have done, I give you permission, if tlie d — 1 don't get you, To say that your " soles are your own." And if in the place where you finally stop. There should chance to be paper and quill. Please write me a leUer, and tell me if They permit you to " go it boots" still. Josephine M. Sweet, a native of Montpelier, a contributor to the Watch- man, Green Mountain Freeman, etc, under the )iom de plume of " Evan- geline," for many years. The zephyrs commence to come, the poets from abroad join to help Mont- pelier sons and daughters sing — one, [was it the Hon. Wm. C. Bradley?] It is like his wit, very, and of his palmy time, joins in a LA.MENTATION, [Written soon after the NEXT DOOR WEST OF ^djo^^i^ent of the Ver- mont Legislature, Nov. 1826.] Montpelier mourns— her streets are still, Save when tlie street-yarn ladies spin; And scarce a stranger's seen at Mann's, Or Campbell's, or at Cottrill's Inn. The guardians of the people's rights Have done their work, gone home to prove il ; And let the State-house stand, because Barnum and Bailey could not move it. But though the building stands secure. And long may stand the village boast,' Tlie villagers are called to mourn The comforts and the friends they've lost. Their BuUer''s gone, their Baker, too; Their Clarkes have fled as Siri/t as thought; Tlieir Barber''s left their chins uushaved, And e'en their Poller''s gone to pot. Their Walkers nimbly walked away. Their Mason ami their Smiths are still ; Their Carpenters lay down their tools. Their honest Miller loaves his mill. MONTPELIER. 573 Their skillful Fisher-man lias gone With Bates to lure ami Spear to strike; Witli him are fled the Finney tribe, But more especially the Pike. The Swn7i they dearly loved to pick, Has flown, with plumage bright as gold; Their Buck lias bounded o'er the hills, Their playful Lamb has broke liis fold. The Noble and the l'oung\\nya gone. The Rich have left thera to despair; Their Gay, their Best attire is lost, And not a Spencer^ s left to wear. Their learned Proctor, pious Dean, And holy Palmer in the lurch, Have left their flocks, and left them, too. Without a Temple, Bell or Church. And those who loved the mazy dance. Enjoy no more the lively Ball; Tliey've lost, alas! their pleasure House, And miss theii-,riclilv-furnislK'd Hall. STATi: CAl'ITOL. They once could boast a pleasant Hill. Delightful Rhodes, a charming Lane, A Warren, Bridge, and Shedd and Barnes, That they may never see again. Their Forrest and their Woods are felled. The Major who their forces led. Has broken up his glittering Camp, And friendly Scott and French are fled. All's lost! the men have lost their Crafts, They've lost their Ambler and tlieir Wheeler, Have lost their Steele, their Peck, their Rice; And, oh! their women have lost their Keeler. Yes, all is lost, and those who've gone. Have long ere now, perchance, forgot "em ; They lost their Solace, lost their Child, And lost their Pride, and Hyde, and Bottum.. Amos W. Barnum, Vergennes. Benjamin F. Bailey, Burlington. His Excellency Ezra Butler, Waterbury. Samuel S. Baker, Arlington. Samuel Clark, Brattleboro ; Jonas Clark, Middletown. Benjamin Swift, St. Albans. David Barber, Hubbardton. Abel W. Potter, Pownal. Leonard Walker, Springfield; James O. Walker, Whiting. Leonard Ufa son, Ira. Ira Siiiitli, Orwell ; Asahel Smith, Ludlow ; Israel H. Smith, Thetford ; Joab Smith, Fairfield. Luther Carpenter, Orange ; Dan Carpen- ter, Waterbury. Alexander Miller, Wallingford. Nathan v^/V/zt';-, Parkerstown, nowMendon. Robert B. Bates, Middlebury, Speaker. Spear — no such name in list of the Legis- lature in Walton's Register, for 1826. Johnson finny, Monkton. Ezra Pike, Jr., Vineyard, now Isle LaiMotte. Benj. Swan, Woodstock, State Treasurer. D. Azro A. Bnck, Chelsea. Shubael La?nb, Wells. William lYoble. Charlotte. Nathan Young, Strafford. Moody Rich, Maidstone. Dwight Gay, Stockbridgc. Thomas Best, Highgate. William Spencer, Corinth. Jabez /'roctor. Councillor. Barnabas Dean, Weathersfield. William A. Palmer, Danville. Robert Temple, Rutland. James Ijell, Walden. Charles Church, Hancock. Abraham Ball, Athens. Alvin House, Montgomery. William Hall, Rockingham. Jarius Hall, Wilmington, Burgess Hall, Shelburne. Samuel /////, Greensboro. William Rhodes, Richmond. Josiah Lane, Wheelock. George Warren, F"airhaven. John Bridge, Pomfret. Jonah Shedd, Peacham. Melvin Barnes, Jr., Grand Isle. Wells De luirrest, Lemington. Nathan U\iod, Vernon; Jonah Wood, Sherburne; Ziba Woods, Westford. Major Hawley, Manchester. David M. Camp, Derby. Richard Scott, Stratton. Thomas G. French, Brunswick; John French, Minehead, now Bloomfield. Samuel C. Crafts, Orleans Co. Councillor. James Ambler, Jr., Huntington. Nathan Wheeler, Grafton. William Steele, Sharon. John Peck, Washington Co. Councillor. Ephraim Rice, Somerset. Wolcott H. Keeler, Chittenden. Calvin Solace, Bridport. Thomas Child, Bakersfield. Darius Pride, Williamstown. Dana Hyde, Jr., Guilford. Nathan Bottum, Shaftsbury. 574 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Patents, we have not had any paper prepared for : Dennis Lane took out a patent for improvement in head blocks for saw-mills, Sept. 6, 1864 ; Ashbel Stim- son, in 1876, for spring-hinges for doors. At THE Centennial, Montpelier Man- ufacturing Company took the award for children's carriages, and F. C. Oilman for sulky and buggy. SONS AND citizens OF MONTPELIER ABROAD. We have not yet obtained a satisfactory list. We will mention here briefly the few not already included in a family no- tice in these pages, that have been fur- nished to us chiefly by Chas. De F. Ban- croft and Mr. Walton, and will be pleased if a more extensive list may be givenTor the County volume. — Ed. L. L. Walbridge, a native of Mont- pelier, has been reporter for the Boston Journal, and cit)- editor of the St. Louis Democrat ; is one of the best short-hand writers in the country ; was one of the wit- nesses on the impeachment trial of Presi- dent Johnson. Wm. Pitt Kellock;, present U. S. Sen- ator from Louisiana, the son of Rev. Sher- man Kellogg, we counted once as a " Mont- pelier boy ; " also, Henry C. Nutt, son of Henry Nutt. of this town, now President of the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad ; Joel Mead, a wealthy lumber merchant in She- boygan, Wis. ; James Mead, his brother, a leading banker in Oshkosh, Wis. Their aged mother still resides with us; Wm. P. Strong, son of the old hotel-keeper here. President of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, a brother of his in Faribault, Minn., and another, a prominent business man in Beloit, Wis. ; Edwin S. Merrill, son ot the late Timothy Merrill, in Winchendon, Mass. ; George Silver, son of Isaiah Silver, in Tivola, N. Y. ; James Davis, son of Anson Davis, and great-grandson of Col. Jacob Davis, Pro- fessor in an Institution in New York City ; Dodge W. Keith, son of Hon. R. W. Keith, who gives his father''s portrait to the work, a successful merchant in Chicago ; Harold Sprague, a merchant in Chicago; R. J. Richardson, of Des Moines, Iowa, a grain merchant; James and Frank Muldoon were born poor boys, now successful traders in Wisconsin ; Henry L. Lamb, in Troy, inspector of banks, has been editor on the Troy Times \ Col. E. M. Brown, editor of the New Orleans Delta during Butler's administration ; Azel Spalding, a member of the Kansas House of Representatives in 1861 ; Hon. A. W. Spalding, son of Azel, Senator of Jeffer- son County, Kansas, in 1862; Fred. T. BiCKFORD, who has been Superintendent of the U. S. Telegraph Co. at Pittsburg, Pa., and Superintendent of the Russian Extension Telegraph Co's. line in Siberia, now at Washington, D. C, we think ; and many others whom the old friends at home would be pleased to see enrolled on their list of sons and citizens abroad. Omission in Mr. Oilman's li.st of Mr. Walton's printed papers — an address on the death of Stephen A. Douglass in 1863, printed by order of Congress, e. p. w. Page 365 should read, " we do not give sermons when the statements seem suffi- cient ; " we sometimes give sermons — his- torical ones. Page 539, "where the sun touches first the grove," not "where the sun touches first the grave." Same paper, page 537, iron-framed ; not corn-framed. Page 478 should read, an obituary by Dr. Sumner Putnam. Page 424, Theinteriorof St. Augustine's, for there are two side aisles, but no centre aisle, should read, there are two side aisles and a centre aisle, and " Between the win- dows, in simple black wood frames, the stations," should read instead, in gilt frames. In this last mistake we wholly exonerate our compositors — it was our own mistake, in the press of our cares but too carelessly made ; and it should have been added, the church has very handsome vest- ments and altar adornments, a lovely statue of the Blessed Virgin, and upon a Christ- mas night or Easter morning appears very fresh and beautiful. — Ed. Page 530, John W. Culver in 1 833, not '35 . Montpelier's Lament, page 572, from old scrap-book of Dr. Bradford, of Northfield. EAST MONTPELIER. 575 EAST MONTPELIER. BY HON. S. S KELTON. The town of East Montpelier was organ- ized Jan. I, 1849, having been set off from Montpelier by the Genei^al Assembly at their session in 1848, on the petition of citizens of Montpelier village. The meet- ing for organization was called by Addison Peck, a justice of the peace, on the peti- tion of 6 freeholders to him directed for that purpose. The officers elected at this first meeting were : Mod. Addison Peck ; town clerk, Royal Wheeler; selectmen, Stephen F. Stevens, Isaac Gate, J. C. Nichols ; treas., A. Peck; overseer of poor, A. Peck; con- stable, J. P. W. Vincent. The first child born in town, after organ- ization, was Clara Davis, daughter of Pear- ley and Cynthia Davis, Jan. 19, 1849. The first marriage was Rodney G. Bassett and L. Amelia Willard, Jan. 21, 1849, by Charles Sibley, justice of peace. The town is bounded northerly by Cal- ais, easterly by Plainfield and a small part of Marshfield, southerly by Berlin, from which it is separated by the Winooski riv- er and a part of Barre, and Westerly by Montpelier and Middlesex, and contains 18,670 acres ; population in 1880, 972 ; grand list in 1881, $9,251. The township is watered by the Winooski river, which runs through the southerly corner, and along the southerly boundary, by Kingsbury Branch, which, after drain- ing the numerous ponds in Woodbury and Calais, crosses the northeasterly corner of the town, and enters the Winooski ; (its name was derived from that of an early settler living near the stream,) and by numerous small streams, affording many excellent mill-sites. The surface of the town is uneven, but the soil is good and productive, and there is scarcely any waste land in town. The prevailing char- acter of the rocks is slate and lime, with granite boulders scattered in the easterly part. Of timber, the sugar maple, beech, spruce and hemlock largely predominate, with a great variety in less quantity. There are some very fine sugar orchards in this town ; that of Cyrus Morse num- bers 2,750 trees, all supplied with tin tubs, the sugar-house and fixtures being fully equal to the requirements of so large a number of trees. In a good season they make io,ooo lbs. of sugar, for which there is a ready sale, rendering it one of the best industries of a large farm. The industries of East Montpelier are chiefly, almost exclusively, agricultural ; the farms are of medium size, generally containing from 75 to 150 acres, some of 200 to 300, and a few as large as 400 acres, devoted to a mixed husbandry, the dairy decidedly taking the lead ; some attention is given to the rearing of blood stock, — of horses, cattle, sheep and swine. There are two small villages in town, EAST VILLAGE, situated on the Winooski, containing a meeting-house, school-house, store, tav- ern, post-office, established about 1825, a grist-mill, saw-mill with planer, two car- penters and joiners and blacksmith shop. This village has suffered great loss by fires; 1817, or thereabouts, a hulling mill was burned; 1825, or '26, a blacksmith shop ; 1847, the tavern-house, store, two barns and all the out buildings, — property of John Mellen ; 1852, the Union store and goods ; 1859, the blacksmith shop of G. W. Lewis; 1868, the store and goods of C. H. Stevens, together with the barn of C. C. Willard ; 1869, the store of J. C. Nichols, with the goods, the property of Col. Randall ; also in the immediate neigh- borhood, 1857, the house of Norman French ; 1866, the house of George Dag- gett, one of the best houses ever built in town — struck by lightning ; 1871, the barns of C. A. Tabor, together with all the farm produce, tools, and four horses. [Store and tavern since burned. — Ed.] NORTH MONTPELIER, situated on Kingsbury branch, contains a post-office, store, grist-mill, saw-mill, woolen-factory, boot and shoe-shop, black- smith shop, and the manufacture of musi- cal instruments by E. D. & G. G. Nye. The water power in this place is very ex- cellent. There are ten school districts in town, each supplied with a good, well-finished 576 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. school-house, where a school is kept from 6 to 9 months each year, besides four frac- tional districts, where the scholars attend school in adjacent towns. LIBRARIES. In 1794, a circulating library was estab- lished at the center of the town, in the house of Pearley Davis, — he being librari- an, — containing 200 volumes, made up of history, travels, biography, and works of scientific, philosophic or moral character. These books were freely circulated through the town for a long period of years. The ladies' circulating library was established in East village in 1859, containing 223 vols. A Sunday school library of 290 vols, in 1850: one atNorth Montpelierof 160 vols, in 1867. In 1 86 1, an agricultural library was organized at East village of 116 vols., which was burned in C. H. Stevens' store, in 1868. CHURCH EDIFICES. There are four meeting-houses in town ; that belonging to the Society of Friends was first used as such, in 1802, having previously been used as the store of Col. Robbins. The Union Meeting-house at the center of the town was built in 1823, and is also used as a town-house. At east village is a Universalist house, built in 1833, the Rev. John E. Palmer, of Barre, preaching the dedication sermon, Jan. 8, 1834. At North Montpelier a Univer.salist house was built in 1867. This is much the best house, in the belfry of which is one of the best bells in the vicinity. RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. In 1793, there was a religious society of Friends organized in the east part of the town, who for many years assembled them- selves together regularly twice a week, a meek and contrite people, under the preach- ing of Clark Stevens. It was their custom to hold silent meetings, when the spirit of the Lord did not move them to speak. FREEWILL BAPTISTS. There was a Freewill Baptist church organized in the east part of the town at an early day, and a great awakening in the religious cause, under the efficient labors of Elder Benjamin Page. They held their meetings in barns, dwelling-houses, or anywhere where the way was open for them. Subsequently there was a church organized by the same denomination in the north part of the town, under the preaching of Elder Paul Holbrook. UNIVERSALISTS OF EAST MONTPELIER. Two of the most active pioneers of this so- ciety were the late Gen. Parley Davis of Montpelier Center, and Arthur Daggett, who lived and died near the East village. These first settlers in town had preaching of the faith they cherished, at an early day. Rev. William Farwell, Hosea Ballou, Paul Dean and John E. Palmer were the first ministers. Their society here was organ- ized Feb. 8, 1834. The cause prospered until there was more of this faith in town than any other. The resident pastors of "The Universalist Society" were Rev. Tracy R. Spencer, R. M. Byram, Simeon Goodenough and Lester Warren. Rev. Mr. Warren, now living in town, says he was employed for this society by Parley Davis, Arthur Daggett and others, in May, 1838. He preached once or twice a month, in the Center and at the East village, for 9 years. And now he has "vesper service" in the new church at tlie North village, once in two weeks. The meetings are well attended, as are also a "course of lectures" arranged by "The Prudential committee" of "The Lyceum." Rev. E. Ballou also preached alternately with Mr. W. for several years, until the settlement of the late Rev. T. R. Spencer. EPISCOPAL METHODISTS. Rev. Jesse Lee, who was the pioneer of Methodism in New England, first preached in this town in 1795, and formed the first society. He was succeeded by Rev. Ralph Williston, Nicholas Sneathen, Gideon Draper, and others. Alexander Parker, his wife and two or three of their daughters, Enoch Cate and wife, Sylvanus Morse and wife, David Per- sons and wife, John Stevens and wife, Joseph and James Gould and their wives, were among the early Methodists of the town. EAST MONTPELIER. sn Since the organization of the society they have, like most institutions, experi- enced at intervals seasons of prosperity and decline. THE CHRISTIANS. There was a society of Christians organ- ized in this town a few years since, who supported preaching a portion of the time. EPIDEMICS. Of epidemics, only 4 deserving the name have occurred from the first settlement of the town to the present day. The first of these was the dysentery, which fatally pre- vailed in the summer and fall of 1802. The second was the typhus fever, which prevailed to considerable extent in the summer of 1806. The third, that fearful disease known by the name of spotted fever, which suddenly made its appearance in the winter of 1811. In the fall and winter of 1813, the typhus fever again very fatally prevailed. The number of deaths from this disease in the whole (old) town, was 78 : much the larger number of which were outside the present limits of East Montpelier. The town is believed to be one of the healthiest in the State ; the average num- ber of deaths for the last 20 years has been 17 ; the largest number in 1862, being 29 ; the smallest number in 1867, only 7. The oldest person living in town is Anna Gould, born at Sutton, Mass., Aug. 12, 1787; came to this town in 1803; is the widow of Simeon Gould, who died in 1879, aged 98 years, by whom she had 9 chil- dren, of whom 7 are now living at this writing, (Sept. 1881). Mr. and Mrs. Gould's marriage life was 70 years. The oldest person who was born in town is Mrs. Paulina Davis, widow of the late Timothy Davis, and daughter of Clark Stevens, born Sept. 15, 1795. (Oct. i,'8i.) Mrs. Harriet Goodwin, widow of Hon. Israel Goodwin, and daughter of Capt. Isaac Putnam, born July 29, 1796. The oldest inhabitant of the town is Mrs. Sally Vincent, widow of Capt. Isaac Vin- cent, anddaughter of Darius Boyden, Esq., born at Worcester, Mass., July 4, 1793; came to East Montpelier early in 1794, and has lived in town continuously since, 87 years, 7 months. The oldest person who ever lived in town was Mrs. Molly Gould, who died in 1851, aged 102 years, i month. Mrs. Gould was born at Sutton. Mass., in 1749 ; married John Gould of the same town in 1768; raising a large family of children; came to this town in 181 1. THE EARLY SETTLEMENT. It is by no means certain, who cut the first tree, or built the first house. Gen. Pearley Davis undoubtedly made the first pitch, being two lots of the first division, at the center of the town, of which he re- ceived a deed from Jacob Davis, May 28, 1788, the consideration being "eighty pounds, lawful money .'''' He made a be- ginning soon after, putting up a log-house and barn that season, but returned to Massachusetts to teach school the following winter. He cut and stacked the hay on a beaver meadow in the north part of the town, (now owned by E. H. Vincent) that season, which was mostly drawn to Col. Jacob Davis' the following winter, he fall- ing short of fodder for his teams, and those of new settlers who would stop for a time with him on their arrival. In June, 1788, John Templeton and Solomon Dodge came to East Montpe- lier, from Peterboro, N. H., and com- menced felling the forest on their respect- ive lots, (being adjacent) preparatory to establishing their new homes, returning to New Hampshire to do their haying, after which, they worked the remainder of the season, clearing their land, and building each a log-house. The following spring, 1789, in March, they returned with their families for a permanent settlement, ac- companied by their father-in-law, James Taggart. After stopping about three weeks with Col. Jacob Davis, they proceeded to their new homes, 5 miles distant, the snow at this time being 2 feet deep. On arriving at Mr. Templeton's house, the roof having been covered with bark, a part of which had blown off, they found the snow nearly as deep inside the house as out. This had a decided cool look, but there was no backing down, the snow was 73 578 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. shoveled out, a fire built, and they spent the remainder of their days on that farm, which is still owned and occupied by their grandson, Austin Templeton. Mr. Dodge and wife lived and died on their adjacent farm, where their youngest daughter still resides, the wife of J. R. Young. These were the first families that moved into the town of East Montpelier. During the first season all their grain had to be brought from Brookfield, (getting it ground at Williamstown) a distance of 20 miles, — on a man^s back. In the fall of this year, (1789) as their first crops were harvested. Col. Davis' mill on North Branch was ready to do the grind- ing, and save the Brookfield tramp. Mrs. Templeton was accustomed to say in her later years, that she did not see a woman, except her two sisters, (Jenna Taggart who lived with her and Mrs. Dodge,) for a year, lacking one day, and that no family (except as above) lived nearer than Col. Jacob Davis", being 5 miles. Mr. Templeton died May 18, 18 13, aged 48 years. The third family that moved into town, was Jonathan Snow and wife, in March, 1790, — Mr. Snow having been here and made a small beginning the summer be- fore, in the east part of the town. They stopped several days with Mr. Templeton on their way. After living on their land two or three years, Mr. Snow sold out to his father-in-law, Barnabas Hammett, and lived a year or two below Montpelier vil- lage, returning to an adjacent lot of his first beginning, now owned and occupied by his youngest son, Alonzo Snow, where he continued to reside. Mr. Snow was born at Rochester, Mass , July 12, 1768, mar- ried Lydia Hammett Feb. 11, 1790, and came to this town by the then express train, an ox team ; after rearing a large family, died Mar. 31, 1846. During 1790, quite a large addition was made to the population, for we find that March 29, 1791, at the organization of the old town, of the 27 voters present, 24 were residents of East Montpelier, viz : Benja- min I. Wheeler, David Parsons, Pearley Davis, Ebenezer Dodge, Solomon Dodge, Nathaniel Peck, David Wing, Lemuel Brooks, Clark Stevens, Jonathan Snow, Hiram Peck, James Taggart, John Tem- pleton, Elisha Cummins, Jonathan Cutler, Charles McCloud, Isaac Putnam, Nathan- iel Davis, Jerahmel Wheeler, Smith Ste- vens, Charles Stevens, Edmund Doty, Duncan Young. The last survivor of this pioneer band, was Elisha Cununins, who died Nov. 21, i860, aged 93 years. The first child born in town was James Dodge, son of Solomon Dodge, Apr. 5, 1790; the first female child born was Mary Templeton, daughter of John Templeton, May 3, 1791. The first death was that of Betsey Cate, a child of Enoch Cate, 8 months old. The first resident of East Montpelier who was married was Clark Stevens, with Huldah Foster of Rochester, Mass., Dec. 30, 1792. The first meeting- house was a log-house, built by Clark Ste- vens and Caleb Bennett, (Friends), on the highway near the line of their farms, in 1793, and used as such till 1802. This is believed to be the first meeting-house ever built in Washington County. Dr. Philip Vincent was the first physi- cian who came into town ; he came from New Braintree, Mass., in February, 1795, and settled where his grandson, Horace M. Vincent, now resides; died in 1813, aged 54 years. The first merchant was Col. David Robbins, who built and began trade in what is now the Quaker meeting- house, in 1796. The first tavern kept in town was by Freeman Snow, opened in 1 798 or '99, near where George Davis now lives. The first saw-mill was built by Pearley Davis, on the brook at the N. W. corner of lot no. 45, 1st div., in 1792, he having bought 2 acres of land for that purpose, of Caleb Bennett, for which he paid " three pounds, lawful money.'''' The first grist-mill was built by Samuel Rich, in 1795, on Kingsbury Branch, where the mill of M. V. B. Hollister now stands. SAMUEL RICH was born at Sutton, Mass., Feb. 24, 1769. He came to this town in 1792; was mar- ried to Margaret McCloud Dec. i, 1796. Besides doing an extensive farming busi- EAST MONTPELIER. 579 ness, (owning 700 acres of land) he built and run a grist-mill, a saw-mill, acarding- machine, a fulling-mill, a brick-yard and distillery ; he also kept a tavern for a num- ber of years subsequently to 1805. In 1805, he built a very nice, large dwelling-house, said to have been the best house in the County at that time. The place was known for a long term of years, as Rich's Hollow, so largely did his busi- ness predominate over that of all others. He was a carpenter by trade, and built the large barn (80x32 feet) for Nathaniel Da- vis, in 1793, being the first barn of any magnitude ever built in this town. He died in 1827, leaving 10 sons and daugh- ters, one of whom, Jacob Rich Esq., resided at the old homestead at the time of his death, in 1878. BENJAMIN 1. WHEELER. Born at Rehoboth, Mass., Sept. 19, 1766; settled at an early date in Montpe- lier, now East Montpelier, on the farm where he lived until his death. In the spring of 1793, he married Huldah French, of Attleboro, Mass. At the organization of the town of Montpelier, in 1791, he was elected one of the listers and one of the highway surveyors, and the same year town grand juror. In 1792, he was elect- ed selectman, and held that office 16 years previous to 1818. He died March 7, 1845. JERAHMEL B. WHEELER. Born at Rehoboth, Mass. ; settled in Montpelier, now East Montpelier, at an early date, on the farm where he lived till his death. He married Sybil French, of Attleboro, Mass. In 1792, he was elected first constable, and that year warned the first freemen's meeting ever held in that town. Afterwards, between 1806 and 1813, he held the office of selectman 5 years, and was justice of the peace several years. He died in the spring of 1835. MAJ. NATHANIEL DAVIS. Among the men of business prominence in the early history of the town, none were more conspicuous than Nathaniel Davis. He was born at Oxford, Mass., Nov, 25, 1769; in 1789, he came to Montpelier and purchased a tract of land in the north-east part of the town, and commenced a clear- ing at once, there being but two families in what is now East Montpelier at that time. In 1792, having married Miss Dolly Davis of his native town, he commenced house- keeping, and doing business on a large scale. The following year, he built a saw- mill on his farm, having turned a brook a mile above him to obtain sufficient water to run the mill. In addition to clearing up his farm very rapidly, in 1793, or '94, he built a barn 80x32 feet ; in '95, he built a two-story house 42x32 feet, — the same being occupied by his son Col. Nathaniel Davis, at the time of his death, in 1879 ; this is the oldest house in town at this writing, 1881. Before the year 1800, he built a potash and store, and did an ex- tensive and successful mercantile business for about 25 years. Soon after 1810, Mr. Davis commenced what is now the village of East Calais, by building at that place, a grist-mill, saw- mill, nail factory, a scythe factory, and opening a store ; subsequently this prop- erty was surrendered to 2 of his daughters, having married the Hon. Shubael Wheeler and Samuel Rich, Jr. Esq. Another daughter, who married N. C. King, Esq., was equally as well provided for. In 1825, Mr. Davis having closed his mercantile business, and disposed of his outside property, as above, in connection with his son commenced doing a more ex- tensive farming business, by buying farm after farm, till they were able to sell more than 100 head of beef cattle per annum. In 1838, they built the large woolen fac- tory at North Montpelier, which, in con- sequence of an unfortunate partnership, entered into at the completion of the build- ing, was a very disastrous enterprise. He died in 1843, aged 74 years. (From Thompson's History of Montpelier.) GEN. PEARLEY DAVIS, a son of Nathaniel and Sarah Davis, was born in Oxford, (in the part afterwards becoming Charlton,) Mass., Mar. 31, 1766, and, after receiving rather an unusually good English education, at the then new academy in the neighboring town of Lei- cester, including a knowledge of survey- ing, he came into town with Col. Davis, bringing his set of surveyor's instmments. 58o VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. and at once engaging in the original sur- veys of the township, first as an assistant and finally as a principal surveyor of the town and county. It was while thus employed, as he once told the writer of this sketch, that, coming on to the splendid swell of forest land then crowning the elevation at the center of the town, he was so struck with tlie general indications of the soil and the natural beauty of the location, as seen beneath the growth of stately maples, cumbered with little underbrush, that he resolved he would here make his pitch, feeling confident that this must be the seat of town business, and then believing even that it would become the site of its most populous village. The mistake of Gen. Davis, so far as regarded the growing up of mucli of a village on the highlands of the town, ap- pears to have been quite a common one with our early settlers. Impressed at first, as he was, with the inviting appearance of the higher parts of their respective town- ships, when contrasted witli the forbidding aspect of the dark and tangled valleys, the most able and enterprising of them, for a general thing, made their pitches accord- ingly, as in the instances of the settlements of Randolph, Danville, and dozens of other towns in this State. But they soon found their anticipated villages slipping down into the valleys, to leave them, in that respect, high and dry on the hills, with the most traveled roads all winding along the streams. First, there must be mills ; then a place near to shoe horses ; then a place for refreshment of both man and horse ; and while all this is going on, it is a convenience and a saving of time to be able to purchase a few family necessa- ries ; thence, to meet these calls, first comes the blacksmith's shop, then the tav- ern, then the store ; and you have the neucleus of a continually growing village already formed ; while people soon find out it is easier going round a hill than over it, and build their roads accordingly. So far, however, as regarded the seat of town business, Gen. Davis' predictions were fulfilled ; for he, having pitched on a tract of 300 acres of land at the center, and built a commodious house, had the satisfaction of seeing it the receptacle of all town meetings till a public house was erected ; and the latter was the place of such meetings, either for the whole town or his part of it, up to the day of his death. At all these town meetings he was always an active and influential participator. And in looking over the records of the town for the first half century of its corpo- rate existence, we can scarcely find a page on which his name does not appear coup- led with some of its most important trusts or offices. In 1794, he was elected captain of the first military company ever organized in town ; and before the year had closed he was promoted to the office of major of the regiment formed from the companies of the different towns in this section. In 1798, he was elected a colonel of the regiment ; and in 1799, he was still further promoted to the prominent post of general. In 1799, he was also honored by his townsmen with a seat in the legislature, and received from them 2 elections as their representa- tive in the General Assembly. In 1794, Gen. Davis married Miss Re- becca Peabody, daughter of Col. Stephen Peabody of Amherst, N. H., the lady of whose medical skill and general usefulness we have particularly spoken while treating of the incidents and characters of the early settlement. From this union sprang 7 daughters, most of whom lived to connect themselves with the best families of this or other towns; and one of them, (now (deceased,) Mrs. Truman Pitkin, whose family occupy the old homestead, was the mother of Perley P Pitkin, Esq., the present representative of East Montpelier ; while of the surviving, one, endowed with high gifts of poesy, is the widow of the late Hon. S. Pitkin, and another the wife of the Hon. Royal Wheeler. Gen. Davis, in the expanded benevolence of his mind, appeared to take an interest in the welfare of all his fellow-men, and par- ticularly so of the young, for whose im- provement in knowledge he labored earn- estly and always. He was one of the most active and liberal in establishing a Town Li- brary. He was ever anxious to see our com- mon schools supplied with competent teach ■ ers ; and in subscriptions, and in the educa- tion of his daughters, he largely patronized our academy. He was one of the most pleasant, animated and instructive of com- panions, one of the best of neighbors, and one of the most public spirited and useful of citizens. In short, with his strong, massive person, prepossessing face, intelli- gent eye, genial and hearty manner, and earnest tone of conversation, he was one whom the world would unite in calling a grand old fellow, and as such he will be remembered till the last of the generation who knew him shall have followed him to the grave. He died April 14, 1848, at the age of a little over 82 years. His relict, Mrs. Re- becca Peabody Davis, died Feb. 5, 1854, aged about 83 years and 6 months. CLARK STEVENS was born in Rochester, Mass., Nov. 15, 1764. At the age of 18, he was drafted as EAST MONTPELTER. S8i a soldier, and served in that capacity sev- eral months during one of the last years of the American Revolution. After leav- ing the army, he engaged himself as a sea- man at the neighboring port of New Bed- ford, and spent several years in the ven- tures of the ocean. But tlie perils he had here encountered in the whaling and coast- ing trade, not only revived the religious impressions formerly experienced, but led him to resolve on the quiet pursuits of husbandry, and to remove, with that object in view, to the new town of Montpelier in Vermont. Accordingly he immigrated in- to this town in 1790, in company with David Wing, the elder, and his sons, pur- chased and at once began to clear up the valuable farm near Montpelier East village, which has ever since been the family homestead. After effecting a considerable opening in the wilderness, and building the customary log-house and barn, he re- turned to the land of his fathers, and, Dec. 13, 1792, married Miss Huldah Foster of his native Rochester; brought her imme- diately on and installed her as the mistress of his heart and household. Soon after his marriage, Mr. Stevens appears to have been more deeply than ever exercised with his religious convictions ; when soon, by the aid of some neighbors who, like himself, had previously united themselves with the Society of Friends or Quakers, he built a log-meeting-house on the bank of a little brook a short distance to the north-west of his dwelling. And here, under his lead, that little band of congenial worshipers established in the wilderness the first altar for the worship of the living God ever erected in Wash- ington County. Subsequently this band was received into membership with the New York Society of Friends, who held monthly meetings in Danby, in the south- western part of Vermont, which meetings were eventually established at Starksboro, in this State. Of the latter, he became a regular monthly attendant, and in 18 15, having, besides being the leader and teacher of his Society at home, travelled, each year, hundreds of miles to attend monthly, quarterly and yearly meetings in Vermont, New York, and in the different States of New England, and everywhere evinced his faithfulness as a laborer, and his ability as a religious speaker and teach- er, he was publicly acknowledged by the Starksboro Association as a regular and accepted minister of the gospel. Years before this, through his instrumentality, and that of his worthy and perhaps most energetic fellow-laborer in the cause, the late Caleb Bennett, his Society at home had been considerably enlarged, and a commodious meeting-house erected a half mile or more distant from the first primi- tive one above mentioned. But if Clark Stevens was a man of the intelligence and virtue which caused him to be placed in such a prominent position in his religious connections, why was he not, as well as other citizens of his town of the same grade of capacity, promoted to posts of civil trusts, or other wordly hon- ors? It was because, after having been made the second town clerk of the town, and reluctantly consented to serve in that ca- pacity one year — it was simply because he ever uniformly declined to accept them. Time and again would the town gladly have made him their representative in the Legislature. But all movements of that kind were by him promptly discouraged and stopped at the outset. On the organ- ization of the new county of Jefferson, in such high esteem were his worth and abili- ties held by the leading men of the county at large that, on their united recommenda- tion, he was, without his knowledge or consent, appointed by the Legislature to the more important and tempting office of a judge of the court. But this he also promptly declined, and gave the public to understand that civil honors had so few charms for him that it would thereafter be in vain for them to offer them for his acceptance. Thus, " he had wrought out his work, and wrought it well." Thus he lived, and thus, at the ripe age of nearly ninety, he peacefully passed away, at his old resi- dence, on the 2oth of December, 1853, with the characteristic words on his lips : " I have endeavored to do what I appre- hended was required of me. I have nought but feelings of love for all mankind ; and my hope of salvation is based on the mercy of God through his Son Jesus Christ." Personally, Clark Stevens was one of the finest looking men of his times. Full 6 feet high, and nobly proportioned, with a shapely contour of head and features, dark eyes and a sedate, thoughtful counte- nance, his presence was unusually impos- ing and dignified. He was a prince in appearance, but a child in humility. He was unquestionably a man of superior in- tellect, and that intellect was, in all its traits, peculiarly well balanced. But it was his great and good heart which shown out the most conspicuously through all the actions of his long and beneficent life. In fine, Clark Stevens, in the truest sense of the term, was a great man. D. p. T. •' Goodness without greatness Is but an empty show; But. O, how rich and beautiful! When they together xrow." 582 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ISAAC GRAY died in East Montpelier, Oct. 7, 1874, aged 97 years, 2 months, 16 days. He was the oldest man in the county at the time of his death, having resided in the town where he died one day over 80 years. He was born in Rochester, Mass., July 22, 1777. John and May Gray, his parents, started with their 9 children for Vermont, Sept. 14, 1794, and arrived at Caleb Ben- nett's, in Montpelier — now East Montpe- lier— Oct. 6, following, having been 22 days on the road, their only means of con- veyance of family and goods having been an ox-cart drawn by two pairs of oxen. Mr. Bennett had come from New Bedford, Mass., two or three years earlier, and with him Mr. Gray and family, being old ac- quaintances, stopped a number of days, as did Thomas Allen and family, who had traveled with the Grays from the old Bay State ; this made a pretty thick-settled family, but large houses were not such a necessity then as now. SAMUEL TEMPLETON, born at Peterboro, N. H., Nov. 15, 1788, came to East Montpelier in March, 1789. He was at the time of his death one of the oldest residents of East Montpe- lier, — aged 89 years, 7 months, 15 days. When the deceased was but 4 months old, his father, John Templeton, in company with Solomon Dodge, removed to East Montpelier from Peterboro, N. H., at that time there being no families in that local- ity, and but one. Col. Jacob Davis, in the then limits of Montpelier. On their arri- val here the snow was so deep that they were unable to proceed further, and were compelled to stop with Col. Davis a week. Reaching their new home, they discovered that the roofs of the rude shanties which they had erected the year previous had been blown off, and the snow was as deep in their houses as on the ground, they be- ing compelled to shovel the snow out, and make their beds as best they could. The two men had married sisters, named Tag- gart, and cleared farms adjoining, that on which Sam'l Templeton died being the one cleared by his father, while a daughter of Mr. Solomon Dodge, Mrs. John R. Young, resides on the one which her father clear- ed. The deceased was a good, reliable citizen, and leaves one son and a daugh- ter — Austin Templeton, of East Montpe- lier, and Mrs. James M. Howland, of Montpelier. Although Mr. Templeton had always lived on the same place, yet he has resided in four counties and two towns, and paid taxes in three counties. DR. NATHANIEL CLARK KING, [BY DR. SUMNEB PUTNAM.] came to Montpelier, now East Montpelier, about 181 2. He was born in Rochester, Mass., July 19, 1789, being one of five brothers, and the third son of Jonathan King and Mary Clark King. In his boyhood he attended district school until fifteen years old, when his father gave him his time, and he was to provide for himself. He immediately en- tered a private school to fit himself for teaching, and the study of medicine. He studied the languages, Greek and Latin, and made such progress that he taught school the winter after he was sixteen, and began to read medicine in 1808 ; and con- tinued to teach, and read, until the fall of 1811. Having studied, mixed medicines, and visited patients more or less with Dr. Foster of Rochester for 3 years, he attend- ed medical lectures at Hanover, N. H., Dr. Nathan Smith being at the head of the medical department of Dartmouth College at that time. He began practice at North Montpelier about 18 1 2, having a sister residing in that vicinity, and in 18 14, at the call for volun- teers he went, as surgeon, with others, to Plattsburgh when the British invaded that place. In 18 17, he married Miss Fanny, second daughter of Maj. Nath. Davis, one of the foremost settlers in town, engaged in mercantile pursuits. About this time his father-in-law Davis offered him a good chance to go into trade, which he accept- ed, and gradually ceased to visit the sick generally, prescribing for and visiting only those who were especially anxious for his counsel. After years of trade and careful investment of savings, he became perhaps the wealthiest resident in East Montpelier. In 1849 and 1850, he represented the town a j/'\ y^ "'^^ EAST MONTPELIER. 583 in the legislature, and for many years did a large justice business ; many sought his advice in matters important to them, and being a well-informed, social man, of large acquaintance, many couples formerly ap- plied to him to join them in marriage. Between 1818 and 1835, six children were born to him, only three of whom reached maturity, and are living at the present time — two of them at Montpelier, with one of whom he now resides at the age of 92, and until within a few months retaining his faculties in a remarkable de- gree. Naturallv a man of strong mind, capable, honest and conscientious, yet full of pleasantry and anecdote, he has endur- ed with fortitude and even cheerfulness whatever misfortunes came upon him, and in the course of a long life has made nu- merous friends, many of the younger class of whom yet often call to see him, while few or none of his earlier associates now remain. Although his father was an orthodox deacon, and his oldest brother a clergy- man of the same denomination, views broader and more hopeful have ever found a place in his heart. EAST MONTPELIER LONGEVITY LIST. Persons over 80 years of age who have lived and died in East Montpelier. Dec. 1st, 1 88 1. Nicholas D. Bennett, 83 Daniel Russell, Sr., 83 Rebina Davis, 83 Gen. Parley Davis, 82 Caleb Bennett, 82 Esac Howland, 82 Joseph Gould, 82 Abial French, 82 Ezra Bassett, 82 Jeduthan Doty, 82 Sarah Wing, 82 Paul Hathaway, 82 Cyrus Stoddard, 82 Abigail Beckley, 82 Polly Nelson, 82 Sally Parker, 81 Betsy Phinney, 81 Moses Parmenter, 81 Shubael Short, 81 Temperance Russell, 81 Polly Peck, 81 Lot Hathaway, 2d., 81 Lot Hathaway, Sr., 80 Smith Stevens, 80 Sally Parker, 80 Jonn Stevens, 80 David Gould, 80 Susanna Ellis, 80 Arthur Daggett, 80 Eunice Hammett, 80 Eunice Williams, 80 David French, 80 Polly Stoddard, 80 Nancy Holbrook, 80 Barnabas Hammett, 80 Job Macomber, 79 Nahum Kelton, ygh Nathaniel Cutler, 79 Wm .Templeton, Jr., 79 Molly Gould, 102^ Lucy Templeton, 88 Mrs. Chamberlain, lOI David Wing, Sr., 88 Triphina Shepard, 99^ Mary Stevens, 88 Betsy Carroll, 99 Sally Merritt, 88 Simeon Gould, 98 Lucinda Sanders, 88 Isaac Gray, 97h Freeman Snow, 87 Benjamin Ellis, 96 George Clark, 87 Elias Metcalf, 95 John Upton, 86 Bethiah Parker, 95 Rebecca Giles, 86 Phoebe Dudley, 95 Susanna Clark, 86 Mary Gould, 95 Ruth Bennett, 86 Daniel Gould, 94 Oliver Merritt, 86 Samuel Davis, 94 Pauline Davis, 86 Rachel Bliss, 94 Jesse Bassett, 86 Lorane Templeton, 94 Huldah Wheeler, 85 Isaac Vincent, 93h Hezekiah Tinkham, 85 Theophilus Clark, Sr . 93-^ Edward West, 85 Elisha Cummins, 93 Reliance Stevens, 85 James Foster, 93 John Gray, Sr., 85 Lucinda Cutler, 93 Anna Gray, 85 Eunice Vincent, 92 Reliance Stevens, 85 Polly Waters, 92 George Clark, 85 Samuel Patterson, 91 Ezra Paine, 85 Joanna Wakefield, 91 Nathaniel Ormsbee, 84 Jemima Morse, 91 Lovina Tracy, 84 Margaret Holmes, 91 Timothy Davis, 84 Abigail Cutler, 91 Annis Tabor, 84 Clark Stevens, 90 David Daggett, 84 Sylvanus Morse, 90 Abigail Hathaway, 84 John Chase, 90 John Putnam, 84 Elizabeth Boy den. 90 Caty West, 84 Edward Clough, 90 Sally Parmenter, 84 Willard Shepard, 90 Sally Ormsbee, 83 Reuben Waters, 90 Daniel Russell, Sr., 83 Harriet Hamblin, 90 Jesse Bailey, 83 Samuel Templeton, 89^ Elijah McKnight, 83 Daniel Bassett, 89 John Boyden, 83 Ruth Daggett, 88 Benajah Putnam, 83 Abigail Nash, 88 Abigail Lawson, 83 William Gray, 88 584 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. EAST MONTPELIER LONGEVITY LIST. Living in tcnvn Dec. i, 1881. BY CHAS. DE F. BANCROFT. Anna Gould, Polly Gould, Sally Vincent, Lydia P. Parker, Cyrus Morse, Belinda Paine, Harriet P. Goodwin, Polly Richards, William Holmes, Ann Cummins, Harriet Choate, Catherine Stevens, Mahala Templeton, Culver W. Lane, Eleanor Norcross, Abigail Southgate, Theophilus Clark, Rodney Cummins, Fanny Gray, Betsey Gray, Hannah Bliss, Putnam McKnight, Margaret McKnight, Polly Hathaway, Willard Cutler, Ralph W. Warner, Amasa Cummings, A very remarkable instance of longevity, is, of a Mrs. Betsy Carroll and her three daughters of this town. Mrs. Carroll died at the age of 99 years ; one daughter, Mrs. Lucinda Cutler at the age of 93 ; the second, Mrs. Abigail Cutler at the age of 91, and the other now living in town, Mrs. Polly Gould at the age of 90 years. 94 Stephen Gould, 77 Eunice Parmenter, 73 90 Joseph Richards, 77 Polly Gould, 2d, 72 89 Nahum Templeton, 77 Marcus B. Hamblin, 72 87 Mirinda Dodge, 76 Prentiss M. Shepard, 72 85 Lawson Hammett, 76 Freeman N. West, 72 85 Lorenzo D. Gray, 76 Hosea Gould, 72 85 Phebe Perry, 76 Polly Burno, 71 84 Relief M. Stewart, 76 Lucy B. Clark, 71 83 John R. Young, 76 Jefferson F. W. Dodge .71 81 Anna Beckley, 75 Joseph Gray, 71 81 Timothy Blake, 75 Mary F. Sibley, 71 81 Samuel Davis, 75 Alonzo Snow, 71 81 Dulcena Edwards, 75 Ann Blake, 70 80 Almira Wheeler, 75 Lucius Cummins, 70 80 WMUard Sanders, 75 Almira Fleming, 70 80 Edward G. Davis, 74 Philura D. Hamblin, 70 79 Samuel Edwards, 74 Harriet H. Peck, 70 79 Betsey Harvey, 74 Sherlock Peck, 70 79 Aurelia Jacobs, 74 William Templeton, 70 79 Abigail Lawson, 74 Scjuier Bailey, 69 79 Luther M. Parmenter, 74 Mercy E. Clough, 69 79 Betsey M. Sibley, 74 Diana Holmes, 69 78 Lydia Young, 74 Ezekiel D. Nye, 69 78 Almira Warner, 74 Joel Ormsbee, 69 n Chester S. Guernsey, 73 Harriet Stevens, 69 77 77 Elhanan Norcross, 73 Mary B. South wick. 69 SUICIDES AND CASUALTIES Within the present limits of East Aiontpelier from its settlement to Dec. , 1 88 1 . BY TEUMAN C. KELTON, TOWN CLERK. A little girl, daughter of B. Nash, was killed by a falling tree in the east part of the town previous to 1800. A man by the name of Chamberlin, about 21 years of age, was killed by a fall- ing tree during the year 1801, near the center of the town, and another the follow- ing year by the name of Robinson, in the north part .of the town. The wife of John Cutler hung herself in 1801. The foregoing are taken from D. P. Thompson's History of Montpelier. A man by the name of Alonzo Kingsley was killed by a tree on the farm now owned by George H. Chase, about 1800; and Daniel Blanchard was killed by a falling tree Sept., 1803, near the site of No. 5, or four corners school house. A child of Jonathan Edwards fell from a raft and drowned in the lower pond of N. Montpelier, about 1825. Charles Plumb was drowned while bath- ing, about 1819, just below the Clark Ste- vens bridge, aged 16 years. Nancy Waugh committed suicide by drowning in the brook east of George Da- vis' residence, about 1829. Elisha Gray, aged about 28, drowned or died in a fit occasioned by plunging in the water when over-heated, Aug. 19, 1 83 1. A child of Heman Powers was drowned by falling from a raft, at East village mill-pond. The wife of Henry French committed suicide with the razor, near East Village. Also a man by the name of Ladd. William Stoddard committed suicide by EAST MONTPELIER. 585 hanging, at the present residence of Aro P. Slay ton. A child of Theophilus Clark died from being scalded by sitting into a pail of hot water. William Alger died from a gun shot wound, (accident) April 5, 1844, on the farm now known as the Norcross farm. Charles Pitkin died at A. J. Hollister's from accidental gun shot wound. Dec. 22, 1857, George W. Jacobs died from poison by taking a solution of corro- sive .sublimate by mistake. June 25, i860, Abner Chapman, aged 13 years, and Herbert L. Nye, aged 7 years, son of George G. Nye, were drown- ed while bathing in the Branch below N. Montpelier. July 5, 1862. Nathan Parker, aged 72, died from being gored by a bull. Oct. 31, 1863, Ellison Albee, aged 26, fell from a loaded wagon and was run over and killed, while at work for Elon O. Hammond. Feb. 15, 1866, Eustice Morris, aged 53, was killed by a falling tree while chopping for T. C. Kelton. July 13, 1868, ZadockH. Hubbard, aged 25, died from sun-stroke, while at work for Charles A. Tabor. Nov. 9, 1873, Pliny P. Pearsons, aged 34, died from a cut on the head by a circu- lar saw, while working under the mill at N. Montpelier. Nov. 22, 1875, Bessie K. Lord, aged 5, daughter of Rev. W. H. Lord, of Montpe- lier, was thrown from a carriage and killed in the west part of the town. Arbiickle murde?'. -r-Hiram W. Arbuckle, aged 27, living with his mother at East Village, April 13, 1877, shot George Shortt, a young man of 16, who was sitting on a bench by the stove in the grist-mill. The ball striking the breast bone, glanced down to the left side. Shortt starting to leave by a back door was hit in the arm above the elbow by a second ball, after its passing through the stove-pipe, he at the same time stumbling over some wood on the floor. The appearance was that the last shot was fatal. Arbuckle immediately left the mill and went to the black-smith shop of his brother-in-law, George W. Bancroft, and shot him twice and then returned back near the mill. About that time, Bancroft came out of the shop and started for his house. Arbuckle seeing him, ran after him and chased him round some lumber near the road. Bancroft then changed his course and ran for the mill, followed by Arbuckle, who fired again just as he was entering the mill door, he falling dead on the floor. Arbuckle then went to his home and remained there until the arrival of the constable, George Howland, who had been sent for about a mile distant, when he stepped out at a back door and shot himself, falling dead instantly. The situation of the mill, shop and house are is about like the points of a triangle, 12 rods apart, and Bancroft's house next to the other house. The young man, Shortt, strange to say, was not fatally hit, the ball of the first shot was taken out on the out- side of the left ribs, some 8 or 10 inches from where it struck him. At the time of the shooting, the miller, Mr. Clifford, and two other neighbors were in the mill, and no one except Bancroft was in the shop. No cause can be assigned for the shooting, except an unpleasantness with Shortt, growing out of a collision of teams some time previous at a ride, and the dissipation of Bancroft and treatment to his wife, who was the sister of Arbuckle. July 18, 1878, Henry R. Campbell fell from a load of hay and was killed. Dec. 20, 1878, Bert R. Macomber, aged 17, committed suicide by shooting. Nov. 30, 1879, Doct. John H. Peck died from over dose of chloroform. April 24, 1880, Byron Eastman, aged 20, was drowned by the upsetting of a boat at North Montpelier. SYLVANUS SHEPHERD is remembered by the citizens of Montpe- lier as an odd character about town in its early days. His brother, Willard Shep- herd, was one of the early settlers of East Montpelier, and became an opulent farm- er. The old two-story brick house he built near the line of East Montpelier and Plainfield is occupied by his descendants. He was the author of "The Phoenix Chron- 74 586 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. icle." The word Phoenix signifies arising out of its own ashes. The Bonfire in which 450 books were burnt : A view of Montpelier and all the country places in the State, &c. &c. By Sylvanus Shep- herd. Printed for the author. 1825, 8vo. pp. 18. — Gilmari's Bibliography. THE STEP-MOTHER. Lines. wriUen by Clark Stevens in his 8dih year, to a lady who was a second wife. A step-mother's lot is one that 's hard- She need be constant on her guard; There are so many minds to please. She should be often on her knees, To pray for grace her patli to tread. And by her Saviour's will be led; For what suits one will not another. So I do pity the step-mother. See biography of Clark Stevens, page 581. In his old age he often amused him- self with rhyming tributes for his friends, acrostics largely. This, just given, is taken from a quarto blank book, 84 pages, all written after he was 85 years of age. TOWN OFFICERS. Town Clerk — Royal Wheeler, 1849 to 1855 inclusive; Austin D. Arms, 1856 to 1862 inclusive. Truman C. Kelton, 1863 to the present time — 188 1. Treasurer — Addison Peck, 1849, '5°>'Si- N. C. King, 1852 to 1861 inclusive. S. S. Kelton, 1862 to 1877. T. C. Kelton, 1877 to the present time — 1881. Overseer of the Poor — Addison Peck, 1849, '5°' '51- Jacob Bennett, 1852 to i86q. Addison Peck, i860 to 1865. John G. Putnam, 1865-66. John M. Willard, 1867 to 1875 inclusive. Solon F. Cum- mins, 1876 to the present time — 1881. \st Selectman — J. C. Nichols, 1845-50, '51; Jacob Rich, 1852; Samuel Temple- ton, 1853; Lorenzo Gray, 1854; Edson Slayton, 1855, '56; Ezekiel D. Nye, 1857 ; Hazen Lyford, 1858; Jas. Bennett, 1859; Orlando F. Lewis, i860, '61 ; Truman C. Kelton, 1862; John C. Tabor, 1863; Jas. A. Coburn, 1864; S. S. Kelton, 1865; John M. Willard, 1866; J. L. Coburn, 1867; Thomas B. Stevens, 1868; Squire Bailey, 1869; M. D. Willard, 1870, '71 ; Clark King, 1872, '^l, '74; E. H. Vin- cent, 1875; Eri Morse, 1876; S. W. Hill, 1877 ; D. H. Patterson, 1878 ; J. C. Paine, 1879; G. H. Uix, 1880; Orlando Clark, 1881. Representative — N. C. King, 1849, "50; J. P. W. Vincent, 1851, '52; James Tem- pleton, 1853, '54; Stephen F. Stevens, 1855,^56; Earned Coburn, 1857, '58; P. P. Pitkin, 1859,^60; E. D.Nye, 1861,^62; T. C. Kelton, 1863, '64; Prentice M. Shepard, 1865, '66; Timothy Davis, 1867, '68; J. A. Coburn, 1869, Vo; T. B. Ste- vens, 1872, ''']->)\ H. D. Foster, 1874; J. L. Coburn, 1876; Austin Templeton, 1878 ; A. A. Tracy, 1880. Represetitatives fro7n East Montpelier be- fore division of town — Pearley Davis, 1799, 1802 ; Nahum Kelton, 1816, '17, '18, '20, "29; Wm. Billings, 1834, '35; Royal Wheeler, 1838, '39; Addison Peck, 1842, '43; Dr. Charles Clark, 1846, '47. VOTES FOR GOVERNOR AND PRESIDENTS. 1849 — Horatio N. Needham, free soil, 213; Carlos Coolidge, whig, 76; Jonas Clark, dem., 21. 1850 — Lucius B. Peck, dem., 193; Charles K. Williams, whig, 85 ; John Roberts, free soil, 32. 1 85 1 — Timothy P. Redfield, free dem., 146; Chas. K.Williams, whig, 59; John Roberts, dem. 24. 1852 — Lawrence Brainerd, free soil, 107 ; John S. Robinson, dem., 81 ; Erastus Fair- banks, whig, 65. Presidential, Winfield Scott, 37; Franklin Pierce, 47. 1853 — John S. Robinson, dem., loi ; Lawrence Brainerd, free soil, 91 ; Erastus Fairbanks, whig, 51. 1854 — Stephen Royce, whig, 98 ; Merritt , Clark, dem., 95; Lawrence Brainerd, free soil, 5. 1855 — Stephen Royce, whig, 163; Mer- ritt Clark, dem., 95; Lawrence Brainerd, free soil, i . 1856 — Ryland Fletcher, whig, 168; Henry Keyes, dem., 87. Presidential, Fremont, 139; Buchanan, 40. 1857 — Ryland Fletcher, whig, 128; Henry Keyes, dem., 93. 1858 — Hiland Hall, whig, 145; Henry Keyes, dem., 92. 1859 — Hiland Hall, whig, 163 ; John G. Saxe, dem., 102. i860 — Erastus Fairbanks, whig, 180; EAST MONTPELIER. 587 John G. Saxe, dem., 87. Presidential, Lincoln, 1 13 ; Douglass, 32. 1861 — Frederick Holbrook,repub., 141 ; Andrew Tracy, whig, y2)'i H. B. Smalley, dem., 13. 1862 — Frederick Holbrook, repub., iii. 1863 — John G. Smith, repub., 161 ; Timothy P. Redfield, dem., 62. 1864 — John G. Smith, repub., 149; Timothy P. Redfield, dem., 56. Presi- dential, Lincoln, 131 ; McClellan, 25. 1865 — Paul Dillingham, repub., 122; Charles N. Davenport, dem., 49. 1866 — Paul Dillingham, repub., 129; Charles N. Davenport, dem., 41. 1867 — John B. Page, rep. 176; J. L. Edwards, dem., 39. 1868 — John B. Page, repub., 174; John L. Edwards, dem., 51. Presidential, Grant, 156; Seymour, 28. 1869 — Peter T. Washburn, repub., 143 ; Homer W. Heaton, dem., 48. 1870 — John W. Stewart, repub., 129; Homer W. Heaton, dem., 41. 1872 — Julius Converse, repub., 155; Abraham B. Gardner, dem., 47. Presi- dential, Grant, 107; Greeley, 19. War of the 1874 — Asahel Peck, repub., 77-^ W. H. H. Bingham, dem., 41. 1876 — Horace Fairbanks, repub., 134; W. H. H. Bingham, dem., 57. Presiden- tial, Hayes, 109; Tilden, t,?,- 1878 — Redfield Proctor, repub., 145; W. H. H. Bingham, dem., 55. 1880 — Roswell Farnham, repub., 166; Edward J. Phelps, dem., 56. Presidential, Garfield, 108; Hancock, 17. SOLDIERS OF EAST MONTPELIER. Soldiers of the Revolution, who lived and died in East Montpelier . — Hezekiah Tinkham, Edward West, Elias Metcalf, John Putnam, Job Macomber, Daniel Russell, Sen., Theophilus Clark, Clark Stevens, Samuel Southwick, Enoch Gate, John Gray, Joshua Sanders. Soldiers of the War of 18 12. — Rowland Edwards, Enoch Kelton, Nathan Kelton, John Gould, John B. Kelton, John Morgan, Jasper M. Stoddard, Moses Parmenter. Soldiers of the Mexican War. — Daniel Cutler, Orange McKay.' Rebellion. ' COMPILED MAINLY FROM THE ADJUTANT GENERAL'S REPORT BY CHARLES DE F. BANCROFT. VOLUNTEERS FOR THREE YEARS CREDITED PREVIOUS TO CALL FOR 300,000 MEN, OCT. l6, 1S63. Discharged Dec. 9, 62. Died June 14, 62, in Louisana. Discharged May 18, 65. Mustered out July 27, 64. Credited, but does not appear to have entered the service. Died May 7, 62. Discharged Dec. 17, 61. Transferred to U. S. Navy Apr. 1 5, 64 ; discharged June 6, 65. Mustered out Oct. 28, 64. Trans, to V. R. C. ; disch. June 4, 64. Deserted July 26, 64. Died July 4, 62, of wounds rec'd at Lee's Mills. Discharged Oct. 10, 62. Died at New Orleans, Sept. 3, 62. Killed at Fredericksburgh Dec. 13, 62. Pro. corp. ; wounded Aug. 21, 64 ; must. out June 19, 64. Mustered out June 21, 65. Discharged Nov. 22, 61. Mustered out Nov. 18, 64. Captain ; resigned Aug. 14, 61. Killed in action May 3, 64. Died April 14, 62. 1st lieut. ; died May 9, 62, Wash'n, D. C. Prom. corp. ; discharged Dec. 23, 62. Names. Age. Co. Rej t. Enlistment Andrews, Gustavus A. 43 K 3 July 10 61 Bancroft, Charles F. 18 I Bat. Jan. 18 62 Bancroft, Daniel P. 23 C Cav. Aug 28 62 Bailey, Hiram A. 19 H 3 June I 61 Beaudreau, Stephen Bent, David J. 20 G 4 Aug 30 61 Burnham, Andrew 36 H 2 do 20 61 Carley, Charles F 6 do 15 62 Carley, Henry 24 F 6 Sept 23 61 Carley, William 44 E 8 Nov 28 61 Carr, Chester 26 I II Aug II 62 Connell, Thomas 22 K 3 July 10 61 Cummins, Edwin 22 G 4 Aug 27 61 Cutler, Charles F. 21 K 7 June I 62 Dearborn, Roswell H. -3 G 4 Aug 29 61 Dillon, William 2d., iS F 6 do 15 62 Field, Reuben R. 24 B Cav do do do Gero, Geoige 28 K 3 July ID 61 Gray, William C. 22 C Cav Sept 13 61 Hammond, Elon O. 45 K 3 June 1661 Hargin, Ira J. 18 F 2 Aug 14 62 Hill, Amasa 29 K 3 July 10 61 Hill, Henrv H. 21 G 4 Sept 21 61 Hill, Joseph P. 20 E 3 June I 61 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Names. Age. Co. Regt. Enlistment Rowland, Hiram B. 42 G 3 June 15 61 Joslyn, Triffley 21 G 4 Sept 3 61 Lapiere, Cypren 21 F 2 Feb 24 62 Lapiere, Joseph 21 F 2 do 5 62 Lawrence, Stephen D. 28 F 2 Aug 14 62 Mann, Albert N. 21 I 9 May 23 62 Maxham, George 38 E 8 Dec 8 61 Mitchell, John 18 K 3 July 10 61 Morse, Joseph Jr., 29 H '7 Aug 20 61 Morris, Joseph 18 C Cav Aug 14 61 Muckler, Henry 28 G 4 do 27 6r Ormsbee, Elhanan W. 24 G 4 Aug 30 61 Ormsbee, Mansaur A. 28 F May 7 61 Ormsbee, Orvis 20 G 4 Aug 30 61 Persons, Charles E. 20 G 4 Aug 27 61 Persons, Levi A. 24 G 4 do do do Persons, Phineas C. ~3 F 6 Feb 25 62 Pitkin Perley P. 35 2 June 20 61 Prescott, Dexter S. 22 G 4 Aug 22 61 Putnam, Isaac A. 24 G 4 do 24 61 Sanders, Charles A. 29 G 4 Aug 24 61 Seymour, Isaac 44 I 9 June 2362 Shorey, Theodore 19 F 2 May 7 61 Silloway, Seth P. Sinnott, William Slayton, Austin C. Smith, James H. Snow, Oscar D. Southwick, George W. Stevens, William B. Steward, Dexter G. Templeton, Charles A. Thibeault, Antoine Trow, George E. Washburn, William L. Wheeler. Cyril Willey, Alonzo D. Wemes, James Barnet, Lucius H. Carson, Charles H. Coburn, Lewis L. Cutler, Lorenzo D. Flint, Norris W. Genait, Victor Hill, Horace L. Howland, William H. Laws on, William E. Lewis, William H. Martin, Henry H. Nye, Alanson Ormsbee, Hosea B. Ormsbee, William H. Pierce, George Pratt, Azro A. Slayton, Rufus H. Snow, Willard C. Stoddard, Francis F. Templeton, Albert C. Tucker, Marcus F. Wakefield, Christopher H. Wakefield, Henry Wakefield, William H. 39 1st Bat Dec 7 61 44 I 2 Aug 27 62 21 K 3 July 10 61 19 F 6 Oct 2 61 19 H 3 June I 61 32 1st Bat June 16 62 23 G 4 Aug 22 61 24 19 18 20 18 33 24 38 July ID 61 Oct 7 61 Aug 28 62 Aug 20 62 do 28 61 do 20 62 July 10 61 Apr 5 62 Discharged Jan. 21, 63. W'd at Wilderness ; must out Sept. 30, 64. Trans, to V. R. .C, Apr. 20, 65 ; must. out July 20, 65. Discharged Sept. 13, 62. Rejected by Brigade Surgeon. Discharged Nov. 5, 62. Promoted corp. ; re-enlisted June 5, 64. Deserted Jan. 21, 62. Mustered out Sept 13, 64. Discharged Nov. 26, 62. Discharged April 19, 62. Killed at the Wilderness May 5, 64. Discharged Jan. 14, 63. Died Jan. 19, 62, at Camp Griffin, Va. Mustered out Sept. 30, 64. Sergeant ; discharged Apr. 17, 62. Discharged July 31, 62. Quartermaster ; pro. capt. and assist. quartermaster U. S. A., April 13. 62. Discharged Nov. 10, 62. 1st sergt. ; prom. 2d lieut. Co. H, Jan. 19, 62 ; 1st lieut. Co. C, Oct. 20, 63 ; killed at the Wilderness May 5, 64. Discharged April 4, 62. Discharged Feb. 20, 63. Prom. Corp. ; sergt. ; re-enlisted ; must. out July 15, 65. Discharged April 30, 64. Discharged May 18, 63, for wounds rec'd at Fredericksburgh. Mustered out July 27, 64. Discharged Oct. 30, 64. Died Oct. 14, 61. Mustered out August 10, 64. Pro. serg't ; died of wounds rec. at Cold Harbor, June 12, 64. Discharged Sept. 17, 62. Corporal ; died Oct. 17, 62. Died at White Oak Church, Dec. 24, 62. Mustered out Sept, 12, 64. Discharged Feb. 17, 63. [18, 63. Wounded at Fredericksburgh ; dis. May Killed at Lee's Mills, Apr. 16, 62. Discharged July 8, 63. VOLUNTEERS FOR NINE MONTHS. C 13 Aug 29 62 Mustered out July 21, 63. do . do do do do Captain ; mustered out July 21, 63. do do Serg't ; died at Brattleboro, July 24, 63. do Aug 29 61 Mustered out July 21, 63. do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do Wd. July 3, 63 ; must. out. July 21, 63. do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do H 13 do do C 13 do Wounded July 3, 63 ; died July 19, 63. do do Pro. corp ; must, out July 21, 63. do do do do do do do do do do do do do do Mustered out July 21, 63. EAST MONTPELIER. 589 CREDITS FOR Names. Ainsworth, Eugene D. Barton, Geo. M. Batcheider, John D. Burnhani, Edwin Carson, Charles H. Clark, Isaac Collins, Luther M. Goodell, Lewis Gove, George D. Rowland, Arthur L. Howland, William H. Jackson, Marcus N. Langdon, John C. Mason, Gilman Mason, Joseph O'Neil, Daniel Pierce, Dgvid Roscoe, Curtis W. Sanders, Charles A. Thomas, William W. Wakefield, Henry Washburn, Ira A. Francis, Edgar A. Jangraw, Francis Morris, Joseph Morris, Francis Dana, Alpheus T. Lewis, William H. Potter, Robert Rowe, Joseph Skiddy, Lawrence Stevens, Henry A. Hoyt, Enoch S. 3 YEARS, UNDER CALL OF OCT. 1 7, 1863, FOR 300,000 MEN. Age Co. Regt. Enlistment. Remarks. 18 III Nov 23 63 Holmes, Ira Maxham, George Aldrich, Levi II. Gray, George S. Ripley, William C. Bigelow, John B. Giovanni, Don Benjamin, David Bliss, George E. Buzzell, George W. Cummins, Luther Davis, George Davis, Nathaniel Jr., Davis, Oscar L. Edwards, Samuel Jr. 17 31 18 19 17 iS 23 18 18 44 20 19 27 19 18 18 3 Bat I II I II E17 I [I H17 I II 3 Bat E17 E 17 I II 3 Bat I II I II B 5 K Cav Jan Hii Dec 3 Bat I II E17 I II Dec 26 63 Nov 21 63 do 23 63 Sept 14 63 Nov 29 63 do 963 do 23 63 Dec 23 63 Sept 21 63 do 14 63 Nov 23 63 Oct 3063 Dec 4 63 Nov 27 63 do 24 63 I 64 263 Aug 5 64 Dec 23 63 Sept 15 63 Dec 28 63 Wd. at Cold Harbor, June i, 64; dis. Apr. 27, 65. Pro. corp ; mustered out June 15, 65. Died at Ft. Slocum, D. C, Feb. 27, 64. Wd. at Cedar Creek, Oct. 19. 64; pro. corp ; must, out July 17, 65. Corp ; killed at Wilderness, May 6, 64. Died June 6, 64, of wounds received at Cold Harbor. Mustered out July 14, 65. do June 29, 65. do June 15, 65. Deserted from hospital in 65. Corporal. Died May 10, 64, of wounds received May 6, 64. Mustered out Aug. 25, 65. do May 13, 65. Discharged Apr. 15, 64. do [65. Trans, to V. R. C. Apr. 64 ; dis. June 15, Killed in action March i, 64. [22, 64. Corp ; died at Andersonville prison, Sept. Mustered out June 15, 65. Discharged Jan. 31, 65. Died at Salisb. prison, N.C., Feb. 20, 65. Mustered out Aug. 5, 65. VOLUNTEERS FOR ONE YEAR. D 2 21 3 Bat 20 do 19 do 20 K 7 21 Ft Cav Jan 19 E 8 Feb Aug 20 64 do 17 64 do do Feb I 65 365 o 65 24 3 Bat Aug 18 64 33 D 7 Feb 13 65 19 Ft Cav Jan 3 65 V. R. C. Feb 17 65 Mustered out June 19, 65. do do 15, 65. do do do do do Jan. 31, 66. do June 27, 65. do do 28, 65. do do 25, 65. do Feb. 13, 66. do June 27, 65. Died Oct. i, 65. VOLUNTEERS RE-ENLISTED FOR THREE YEARS. 24 E 8 41 do June 5 64 First en. a credit to town of Woodbury. Deserted May 28, 64. Wounded at Cedar Creek, Oct. 19,64; must, out July 17, 65. DRAFTED MEN WHO ENTERED THE SERVICE. 24 K 3 July 13 63 Wounded at Cold Harbor 64; C 2 D 2 June 3, des. Oct. I, 64. Killed at Wilderness, May 5, 64. Wd. May 5, 64, and Sept. 19, 64 ; pro. corp. Oct. 31, 64; serg't. Feb. 7, 65; must, out July 15, 65. SUBSTITUTES FURNISHED BY DRAFTED MEN. 48 B C July 24 63 Substitute for John H. Peck; must, out June 26, 65. do Substitute for Darwin A. Stewart ; des. before assignment to Co. or Reg't. DRAFTED MEN WHO PAID COMMUTATION. do do Foster, Edwin H. Gould, Henry M. Gould, John M. Hollister, Martin V. Holmes, Henry C. Ordway, Edward, Parmenter, Marcus Pierce, Aaron Seabury, Edward T. Smith, Willard G. B. Stevens, Thomas B. Templeton, Austin Templeton, H. H. Wasson, David H. 59° VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. RECAPITULATION. Volunteers for 3 years 86 Volunteers for i year s 12 Volunteers for 9 months 24 Drafted men who entered service 3 Furnished substitute 2 Paid commutation , 22 Mustered out at expiration of time of service, or the close of the war 64 Discharged for disability 30 Killed in battle 8 Died of wounds received in action 6 Died of disease contracted in service 11 Died in Rebel prisons 2 Deserted 6 ROLL OF HONOR. Name. Bancroft, Charles F. Batchelder, John D. Bent, David J. Carson, Charles H. Clark, Isaac Cornell, Thomas Cutler, Charles F. Cutler, Lorenzo D. Dearborn, Rosvvell H. Gray, George S. Hargin, Ira J. Hill, Amasa Hill, Henry H. ist lieut. Howland, William H. Hoyt, Enoch S. Ormsbee, Elhanan W. Ormsbee, Or vis Pierce, David Putnarn, Isaac A. ist lieut. Roscoe, Curtis W. Snow, Oscar D. Snow, Willard C. Stevens, William B. Templeton, Charles A. Thibeault, Antoine Wakefield, Henry Willey, Alonzo D. D;ite of deatli. June 14, 1862. Feb. 27, 1864. May 7, 1862. May 5, 1864. June 6, 1864. July 4, 1862. Sept. 3, 1862. July 24, 1863. Dec. 13, 1862. May 5, 1864. May 5, 1864. April 14, 1862. May 9, 1862. May 10, 1864. Oct. 3, 1865. May 5, 1864. Jan. 19, 1862. Mar. I, 1864. May 5, 1864. Sept. 22, 1864. Oct. 14, 1861. July 19, 1863. June 12, 1864. Oct. 17, 1862. Dec. 24, 1862. Feb. 20, 1865. April 16, 1862. ERRATA. [OF MR. WALTON.] Page 329, Miranda C. Storrs should be Maria Cadwell Storrs. Page 357, William H. Upham should be William Keyes Upham. e. p. w. Page 299, soldiers furnished by the town given as 236, quota 189, should be 336, and a quota of 289 to fill. [OF C. DE F. BANCU >FT.] Page 331, Willie Kelly, aged 11 years, killed by a sweep on Barre street, in 1869. Page 331, a W^illey child killed on Main street; run over, age 6, 1870. Page 331, Michael McMahon killed, should read, aged 30 years. Page 231, William Mousier, not William Monsier. Page 332, D. K. Bennett, Aug. 3, not Aug. 8. On page 348 should be added the names of Edward Ordway, Edward Seabury and Willard G. Smith to the list of drafted men from Montpelier as having paid com- mutation. They are erroneously given in the Adjutant General's printed report of 1864, as credits from East Montpelier. Page 345, '6, Frank V. Randall, Jr., enlisted Jan. i, 1863, at the age of 11 years ; a credit from this town as a musician in Co. F, 13th Reg't., and mustered out of service July 21, '63; enlisted Jan. 5, '64, as musician in Co. E, 17th Reg't. ; mus- tered out July, '65. Page 342, Ansel H. Howard, aged 18 years, enlisted Aug. 20, '61, in Co. H, 2d Reg't. ; promoted corporal ; re-enlisted from Montpelier, Dec. 21, '63; promoted sergeant ; mustered out of service July I5,'65. Page 345, William Goodwin, enlisted Aug. 25, 1862, at the age of 24, in Co. I, 13th Regt. Mustered out with the regi- ment July 21, 1863. Page 524, Center Cemetery should read Cutler Cemetery, Page 530, James Conners' age should be 24, not 54. Additional. — Mrs. Rhoda Brooks, page 476, the date of her birth should be 1788, J. A. Wing, p. 545 ; birth Oct., not Dec. 26, 1 810, remained in Plainfield 58. Page 289, Drolette, should be Drolet. COMMEMORATION. PORTRAITS AND DONORS. Clark Stevens of East Montpelier, old town clerk and Quaker minister — first preacher in old Montpelier. Donated by Hon. S. S. Kelton, historian of East Montpelier, and Thomas B. Stevens, grandson of Clark Stevens. Gen. Parley Davis of East Montpelier, iirst general surveyor of Washino-ton County. Donated by his grandson, Benjamin I. Wheeler of East Montpelier. Gen. Ezekiel P. Walton. By Hon. E. P. Walton. Mrs. Prussia Persons Walton. By Mrs. Harriet N. Wing of Glens Falls, N. Y. Hon. E. P. Walton. By Hon. E. P. Walton. Col. James H. Langdon, Mrs. James H. Langdon, James R. Langdon. By James R. Langdon. George Langdon. By Mrs. Geo. Langdon. Dr. Julius Y. Dewey. By Hon. Charles and Edward Dewey. Hon. Daniel Baldwin. By Mr. and Mrs. Marcus D. Gilman. Hon. Charles Reed. By Mrs. Charles Reed. Hon. Charles W. Willard. By Mrs. Charles W. Willard. Senator William Upham, Mrs. William Upham. By Mrs. George Langdon. Hon. Samuel Prentiss. By Joseph A. Prentiss, Esq., Winona, Minn. Rev. William H. Lord. By Ladies of Bethany Church. Rev. Frederick W. Shelton. By Episcopal Church Society. Rev. Chester Wright. By Rev. J. Edward Wright. Capt. Nathan Jewett, Col. Elisha P. Jewett. By Col. E. P. Jewett. John Wood, Thomas W. Wood. By Thos. W. Wood. Judge Timothy P. Redfield. By Hon. T. P. Redfield. Hon. Homer W. Heaton. By Hon. Homer W. Heaton. Joseph A. Wing, Esq. By J. A. Wing, E.sq. Gen. Perley P. Pitkin. By Gen. P. P. Pitkin. Hon. Lucius B. Peck. By his daughter, Mrs. Anna M. Mallary, Towanda, Penn. Hon. Stoddard B. Colby. By his daughter, Mrs. Col. Carey, Washington, D. C. Charles G. Eastman. By Mrs. Charles G. Eastman. Jonathan Shepard. By George C. Shepard. Gov. Asahel Peck. By Nahum Peck of Hinesburgh. Hon. Rawsel R. Keith. By Dodge W. Keith of Chicago. Mahlon Cottrill, Mrs. Mahlon Cottrill. By Jedd P. Cottrill, Esq., Milwaukee. Col. Levi Boutwell. By Mrs. Levi Boutwell and H. S. Boutwell. Dr. Nathaniel C. King of East Montpelier, Dr. Sumner Putnam of Montpelier. By Dr. Sumner Putnam. Carlos Bancroft. By Mrs. Carlos Bancroft. Aaron Bancroft. By Chas. De F. Bancroft and two old citizens. Zenas Wood. By his daughters at St. Johnsbury. Richard W. Hyde. By Mrs. R. W. Hyde and family. 592 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Hon. John A. Page. By Hon. J. A.Page. Hon. Joseph Poland. By Hon. J. Poland. Charles W. Bailey. By Mrs. Chas. W. Bailey. J. Warren Bailey. By Mrs. J. W. Bailey. Major Alfred L. Carleton. By Mrs. A. L. Carleton. Rev. Elisha Brown. By Col. A. C. Brown. Luther Cross. By Luther B. Cross. Robert H. Whittier. By Mrs. R. H. Whittier. Dea. Constant W. Storrs. By Mrs. C. W. Storrs. Marcus D. Gilman. By M. D. Gilman. Hiram Atkins. By H. Atkins. Hon. Roderick Richardson. By Hon. R. Richardson. Dr. Charles Clark. By the family. WOOD ENGRAVINGS SPECIALLY FOR THIS WORK. Lorenzo Dow and Peggy, and Bridgman. By L. J. Bridgman. Church of St. Augustine. From the Catholic Society. Trinity M. E. Church. By the Society — Mrs. Laura A. McDermid, solicitor. Church of the Messiah. By the Unitarian Society, through John G. Wing, Esq. Baptist Church. By Society and friends, through John W. Smith. Central Vermont Depot. From Can. Vt. R. R. Co., St. Albans. Vermont Mutual Fire Insurance Building. From the Company. Residence of Marcus D. Gilman. From Mr. Gilman. Washington County Court House. By the Montpelier lawyers, through Hiram Carleton, Esq. Residence of George C. Shepard. From Mr. Shepard. Riverside House. From C. J. Gleason, Esq. Plates before engraved. — Christ Church — By favor of Mr. Atkins of the Argu.s. Bethany Church, The State House, Pavilion, &c. The Interior of Christ Church, Bethany, and Trinity M. E., subscriptions commenced for. Note to the Portraits. — Those of Col. Langdon and wife, and Gen. Walton and wife, were painted by Tuthill, (a pupil of Benjamin West) ; tho.se of Mahlon Cottrill and wife, by Mason, and all when the parties were so young, their portraits will be recognized by only a few persons. The same is true to some extent of the portraits of Gen. Parley Davis and Mrs. LTpham. The signature of Prussia Walton was writren at the age of 82. FINIS. Montpelier, thou hast won my heart By all thy generous ways ; It is my joy, my pride, thy noble men, Thy matrons beauteous in their days — To praise. And I would write thy happy name On the historic page. In letters as of gold, to hand Down to the future age — Montpelier. Abby Maria Hemenway MORETOWN. 593 MORETOWN. [Compiled from tlie newspaper records and papers contributed.] "The township was chartered June 7, 1763, the grant to contain 6 square miles to be divided into 71 shares ; one-eighth to each of the 64 proprietoirs ; each drawing one lot out of each division, thei-e being three divisions.'' The charter says, before any division of land be made to proprie- tors, a tract of land as near the center of the town as the land will admit shall be reserved and marked out for town lots, one of which shall be allotted to each pro- prietor, of the contents of i acre — they paying as rent therefor for the term of 10 years, one ear of Indian corn, on the 25th of Dec. annually, if lawfully demanded, and said rent to commence Dec. 25, 1762. Also each proprietor was to pay one shil- ling proclamation money on every 100 acres of land. After the town was organ- ized, it passed a vote to "quiet " those who had previously selected and were occupy- ing lots, in lieu of drawing by lot as speci- fied in the grant. By "quiet" it is pre- sumed was meant to let them hold the lots selected. Moretown was settled prior to 1790; for in 1790, Ebenezer Haseltine came to the N. W. part, and commenced to clear a farm about a mile and a half from Duxbury line. It was on Winooski or Onion river, and the place where his son, Ebenezer Haseltine, now resides. But it appears that Seth Munson was living near where Mr. Haseltine made a pitch, when Mr. H. arrived — so it is evident a few settlers had made a beginning prior to 1790. At this date, 1790, there were only a few houses in Montpelier, and these were log ; and it is said that Mr. H. helped cut the first hay ever cut in Montpelier, and on the spot where the Vennont Watchman office now stands. When the Indians were on their way to burn Royalton, they camped on the meadow owned by Mr. Haseltine. Arrow heads and stone hatchets have been found on this farm. The first school district in town was formed in this neighborhood. Mrs. Ebenezer Haseltine and Aunt Judith Haseltine used to gather sap on snow-shoes, and catch cart loads of trout from Onion river. Aunt Judith H. died in Aug. 1876, aged more than 95 years. In those early days the settlers went to Burlington to mill, in canoes, carrying the canoe and grist around the falls in Bolton. Sometimes they would make " plumping mills," by making a hole in a large stump to hold the grain, and bending a sapling over, fasten to it a chunk of wood to pound the corn with. Of this no one need be ashamed, for one of our presidents ground corn in the same way. Bears and wolves disturbed the people to some extent, frequently coming out in the daytime. Three wolves came one night and put their paws on the yard fence of Abner Child, on Moretown Common, but went back to the mountains and howled. The next day, about 2 p. m., a deer came and jumped into the same yard, being driven in by the wolves, -it was thought. The deer soon left, and wolves' tracks were afterward seen in connection with its tracks toward the river. A young lady was riding on horseback from the Common toward the Hollow, and met a bear. She turned back, told her story, and some men rallied, pursued and killed the bear. It was distributed be- tween persons, many wanting a piece. The head was taken by one man, and the next day or two the jaw of the bear was put on the table whole, the teeth all in. A few years since, as Rev. Mr. Powers was returning from Northfield to this town, he met a bear, which he treed and watched while his boy went to the village anc^ rallied soine men, who came and killed the bear. It was voted to give Mr. P. the bear. The bears have not all left town, but the most of those remaining are biped. Mar. 9, 1792, Joseph Haseltine, Seth Munson, David Parcher and Ebenezer Haseltine petitioned Richard Holden, a justice of the peace of Waterbury, to call a town meeting of inhabitants of Moretown, to meet at Jos. Haseltine's, Mar. 22, 1792, to elect town officers. Met agreeable to warning and chose Daniel Parcher, moderator ; and chose Seth Munson, town clerk ; chose as select- men, Joseph Haseltine, Daniel Parcher and John Heaton ; chose Philip Bartlett, 75 594 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. treasurer ; chose Joseph Haseltine, con- stable ; chose John Heaton and Ebenezer Hasehine, Usters ; chose Joseph Haseltine, collector of town rates ; and Joseph Parcher, highway surveyor. Voted to dissolve the meeting. Attest, Seth Munson, Tmun Clerk. Up to 1832, the town meetings were held on Moretown Common. At that date an article in the " warning" for town meet- ing called the voters together under great excitement. Much confusion prevailed, until it was ordered to call every voter into the house, and appoint a talisman to notice each man and record "yes "or "no" as he should pass out, voting on the article. The article was to see if the legal voters would remove the town meeting from the Common to the Hollow. The majority voted •• yes." .Since that date the town meetings have been held at the Hollow. The present town house was then started by subscription. — U^ritten in 1876. [Among the papers of the late Henr)- Stevens, Antiquarian of V'ermont, we copied the following heads of papers in his collections : " Surveys in Moretown," " A vendue pitch for Nathaniel Chipman," con- taining 360 acres. No. 83, signed Wm. Sawyer. In the office of Robert Temple, Rutland County Court, "Copies of Ira Allen's sales in Moretown " ; complete, I think. " Copy of Smith's deed of land in Moretown"; " Copy of Sawyer's deed to Lovell " ; "Ira Allen and Fiske's agreement selecting lands in Moretown"; "Agree- ment concerning land in Moretown be- tween Ira Allen, and James Mowry, of Corinth " ; " Ira Allen and Thomas Mead's land in Moretown"; "Colchester, June 25, 1790, Deed to Col. Ira Allen of 500 acres of land in Moretown, by Samuel Allen."] By searching the old records, it is found proprietor's meetings were held for some years after the town was organized. Among the prominent men of the pres- ent century may be named Abner Child, who was one of the earlier settlers, Har- vev W. Carpenter, Alpheus C. Noble, Hon. Joseph Sawyer, Rufus Clapp and Calvin Kingsley, M. D., town clerk for 44 years, or since 1832. He is now partially retired to enjoy a competency gained in his profession. The others have nearly, if not all, died, and some of them were of the principal men from 1830 to 1850. The Dr. has also represented the town several times in the State Legislature. Judge Sawyer has a widow and 2 sons residing in town. One of those sons has a "bull's eye" watch which the Judge used to carry, and which had not been cleaned and run for 40 years until recently ; it is said to be 150 years old. The same son has a clock 100 years old. A very serious calamit) occurred in 1830 — the greatest freshet ever known in Mad River V'alley. It raised the river until nearly all the street was covered. Miss Harriet Taylor, of Waitstield, (now Mrs. Hon. Roderick Richardson, of Boston, Mass.,) was teaching school in our village at the time of the freshet. She boarded with a family living where Mr. Freeman now resides. Tiie water drove them, in the night, to the chamber of the house, and they could, in the darkness, hear the splashing of the water and the thumping of floating chairs and tables against the chamber floor — to which the water had risen. To add to their distress the cries of a sick child were constantly calling their attention. Toward morning the cellar wall under a part of the house, fell in with a splash, causing new fright which led the inmates of the chamber to pray to God, the Father of Him who once said to the winds and waves, "Be still." The next morning the family and teacher were floated away to safety on a barn door. The sick child died in a few hours after the rescue. Henry Carpenter, residing further down the river, started with his wife and bo}', the boy walking between them, with hands in theirs, to go to a neighbor's. They in- tended to keep the road, wading through the water ; but coming to deeper water Mrs. Carpenter let go the boy's hand and probably became strangled. Mr. C. called in the darkness but no voice replied. The boy swam back to the house. The father in sadness rallied some neighbors, and the next day the mother and wife was found on the meadow below, cold in death. MORETOWN. S9S One family fled to the hilis and stayed out all night in the rain, holding a little babe in their arms. Who the little babe was let grandmother tell. This newspaper record sent to us, we think, by Rev. Seldon B. Currier, we will- interrupt here to give. THE BURSTING OF A CLOUD OVER JONES'S BROOK IN MORETOWN. BY HON. D P. THOMPSON. 1 have used the term, bursting of a cloud, as the caption of this article, because it is expressive of a popular notion, and not be- cause it is either philosophical or correct. It has long been a prevalent belief, that in cases of extraordinary tails of water over particular localities, clouds, like old leath- er bottles, suddenly burst and let the wa- ter they contain fall to the earth almost in a body, like rivers falling over precipices in cataracts ; whereas nothing could be more unscientific or farther from the truth. No collected body of water, not even to the amount of a cjuart, could remain suspended in a cloud a single second, but would in- stantly fall to the earth from the force of the universal law of gravitation. The great deluging torrents of rain that occa- sionally occur, simply proceed from unusua 1 thickness, or upward extent of the cloud. This will be more readily understood, per- haps, when we consider, that if a cloud half a mile thick discharges from its gath- ering mists a heavy rain, one of a mile thick would produce a rain doubly hea\'y, and so on, in the same proportion, with every additional thickness ot cloud, till that thickness, as has been known some- times to be the case, extends upwards to the distance of 5 or 6 miles, when from the whole mass the water reaches the earth less in the form of rain, indeed, than the pouring of a cataract. The most remarkable instance of these great falls of water, which was ever known in this region, occurred about 30 years ago, round 'the sources of Jones's Brook, a small mill stream that rises in Moretown mountains and empties into the Winooski river 3 miles below Montpelier. The mountains round the source of this stream rise to the hight of about 2000 feet, with unusual abruptness, and, at the .same time, so curve round as to leave the intermedi- ate space in the form of a deep, half-basin, down the precipitous sides of which a sud- den shower descends almost as rapidly as water strolling down the steepest roof of a house, and collecting at the bottom, pours, in a raging river, down the valley to the outlet of the stream. It was over this mountain-rimmed basin that burst the ex- traordinary thunder-storm which I have undertaken to describe, and which passed among the inhabitants under the name of the bursting of a cloud. On the day and hour this storm occurred, I chanced to be on a high hill, east of Montpelier village, which afforded a plain view of the whole range of the Moretown mountains. It was a still, sultry, mid- summer day, when my attention being at- tracted by the sudden obscuration of the sun, 1 looked toward the west, and saw the unusual spectacle of two heavy clouds rap- idly rolling toward each other, in the line of the range just named, from diametrically opposite directions, the point where the collision must occur being evidently at the natural basin already particularized, or on the high mountain above it. These stiangely moving clouds I watched with in- tense interest. On, on they rolled toward each other, with their long, streaming col- umns and menacing fronts, like two op- posing, hostile lines of cavalry rushing to- gether for deadly conflict. As anticipated, the collision occurred directly over the ba- sin and on the sides of the adjoining mountains, and there, the opposing cur- rents being of equal strength, the inter- mingling clouds came to a dead stand. Presently, however, the colliding masses began to rise upward and double over and over till they had swelled into a huge, dome-like figure, shooting up miles into the darkened heavens, and here commenced a startling display of the electric phenome- non. With the short, sharp and quickly repeating peals of thunder, the fierce streams of lightning were seen bursting in rapid succession from every part of the sur- charged cloud, like some hotly worked battery of artillery from a smoke-enveloped field of battle. But soon the expanding cloud shut out the basin and vallev from sight ; and, being unable to see more, I returned home, and, with much interest, waited to hear the result of the fearful ele- mental exhibition I had been witnessing. The news of the remarkable, and in one instance, fatal eff"ects of that storm, in the disastrous flooding of Jones's Brook, at length reached us. The inhabitants of the basin, when the storm burst upon them so suddenly and unexpectedly, were struck with astonishment and alarm at the un- wonted quantities of water that descended upon them from the seemingly flooded heavens. A settler who lived nearest the foot of the mountain described the rain as " coming down in bucketsful." I was in a field a short distance from my house when it struck, and was so astonished at first I knew not what to do. But the rain, if it could be called rain, coming thicker and 596 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. faster, I ran with all my might for the house, but was almost drowned before I got there, and then it was only to find the water gushing into the house on all sides till it was nearly knee-deep on the floor." And so with all the inhabitants of the ba- sin. No place afforded them any protec- tion ; rivers were in all their houses within, and rivers, rising into seas, were all around them without ; and they looked on with mute consternation at that tremendous out- pouring of the clouds. But they were the first to be relieved. The rain, after the brief duration of less than half an hour, ceased as suddenly as it came ; and the in- habitants ran out of their drenched houses just in time to behold the numerous uniting streams, that had come pouring down from the encircling mountain, gathering into a mighty river that swept away shanties, fences, old trees, logs, lumber and every- thing in its path, and bearing them in wild confusion on its surface, went foam- ing, tumbling and roaring, like a cataract, with amazing force, down the valley to- ward the outlet, three or four miles below. But the principal scene arising from the destructive and fatal progress occurred at a saw-mill, owned by Mr. Oren Clark, and situated about a mile from the mouth of the stream. When the storm was spending its force on the sides of the mountain and the basin beneath, Mr. Clark was at work in a field near the mill with his hired man, Ebenezer Eastman. And being apprised by the great volume and blackness of the clouds hanging over the mountain at the west, that an unusual shower was falling round the sources of the stream, they pro- ceeded at once to the mill and commenced such temporary repairs of the dam and flume as would, they believed, secure them against the rush of water, which, in greater or less quantities, they knew would soon be down upon them. While deeply en- grossed in hurrying forward the contem- plated repairs, they were aroused by a deafening roar that burst suddenly upon their ears from the stream but a short dis- tance above the mill ; when looking up they beheld to their astonishment and alarm, a wild, tumultuous sea of comming- ling flood-wood and turbid waters, with a wall-like front ten feet high, tumbling and rolling down upon them with furious up- roar, and with the speed of the wind. Knowing that the mill could not stand before such an avalanche of water, and beginning to be specially alarmed for their personal safety, they attempted to secure a retreat over the log-way which extended from the mill to the high grounds five or six rods distant. Over this they made their way with all possible speed. But such was the velocity of the on-rushing torrent that they had not proceeded half way before the mill building came down with a crash behind them, the log-way was swept from beneath their feet, and the next moment they were struggling for their lives in a flood a dozen feet deep, foaming, boiling, and so filled with trees, timber and all sorts of ruins, that it did not seem pos- sible for a human being to be borne along in the frightfully whirling mass and live a single minute. "I saw Eastman once," said Mr. Clark in describing to me this, the most terrible scene of his life. " It was when I rose to the surface after the first plunge. He was struggling desperately to get his head above the flood- wood. But I saw him no more ; for the next moment, I was borne down beneath the surface by a raft of logs that swept over me. From that time I was whirled onward with my head some- times below, and sometimes above the wa- ter, till I found myself nearing the wooded bank on the opposite side of the stream, when I soon came within reach of a small tree, which I grasped and held on to, till I began to count m\self saved. But the tree quickly came up by the roots and I was again plunged into the flood. But, though now nearly in despair, I struggled on, and soon was fortunate enough to grasp another sapling by means of which I at length drew myself ashore and fell down half drowned and half dead from bruises and exhaustion. It was now nearly dark. After rallying my strength a little, I com- menced crawling and stumbling through the tangled thickets along up the stream till, after a struggle of seeming hours, I at last reached a point opposite my house, where, by loud hallooing, I rallied my fam- ily, who believed me lost, and informed them I would proceed on to the next house, on that side, stay all night and cross the next morning. This I did, and the next morning reached home, where I was re- ceived as one risen from the dead." The remains of Eastman were found the next day washed up near the mouth of the stream on the meadow of Samuel Jones, who was injured in the loss of crops, the covering of his lands by flood-wood and washing away the soil, to the amount of $300. Whether Eastman was drowned, or killed by being crushed among the logs, was never known. Either cause was suf- ficient to have produced his death. Such were the leading events attending the memorable thunder-storm on Jones's Brook. The Mad river affords some of the best water privileges found in the State, and MORETOWN. 597 should the inhabitants of Moretown induce some moneyed firm to put in a large man- ufacturing house here, thus utilizing more of the water power, and urge the building of a contemplated railroad, which has al- read}' been surveyed through the town, it would greatly develop the resources of and build up our town. Moretown is consideralily broken in surface, but is romantic, and aifords much to please and profit the student of nature. CamePs Hump is seen from various points, and is only a few miles distant from More- town. Mineral .springs are found here, which by pufiing and patronizing, would be quite equal to many, no better, but cel- ebrated ones. It is quite a dairy town, some farmers having 20 or more cows, and many others 10 to 20. There are now 3 stores, 3 blacksmith shops, two saw-mills, 2 clapboard, 2 shingle and 2 planing-machines in the village; also I hotel, i harness-shop, employing several workmen, 2 carriage and sleigh- shops, I grist-mill, i sash, door and blind- shop, near by a dressmaker, 2 milliners, i goldsmith and i tinman. We have also a very excellent high school, taught by Miss Folsom. Polly Phemia Munson was probably the first child born in Moretown, and Paul Knapp the first person who died in town. He was killed by the fall of a tree. [Thus far the paper we credit to Rev. Seldon B. Currier. The following is from a lady of Moretown, contributed 10 or 12 3'ears since] : The first school-house in this town was within the limits of the present village of Moretown. In the first settlement of the town there were three lots set off" for the first minister. Rev. Mr. Brown, Univer- salist, the first minister settled, deeded the land to the town for the benefit of schoqls. There are 14 school districts in town now, and we had three schools in the village last winter (1869), and for sev- eral years we have had a select school every spring and fall. Our population in i860 was a little over 1400. There has not been any state prison candidate from this place to this date — 1870. Our first representative of the town, Luther Moseley, was chosen by 7 voters. The first store was opened here by Winship & Thornton, 18 15. The first load of goods was bought in Burlington, and brought into town by Cephas Car- penter. Winship was a butcher from that place. In 1822, Mr. Stevens commenced trade here. He built a distillery to make whisky, and died about 2 years after. His death was a great loss to the town. A starch factory was built in 1833, by Martin L. Lovell and Francis Liscomb, and run about 5 years, after which it was bought by Jesse Johnson, and used for a tannery from 3 to 5 years, when it was burned. The first and only hotel to the present, was built and kept by Joseph Sawyer, in 1835. There are some stores of the olden time here. Nearly 50 years since, Nathan Wheeler (I think his name was Nathan), 5 years old, son of Ira Wheeler, was lost on his way home from school. The news spread. The farmers left their hay down, and came from Waterbury, Northfield, Duxbury, Waitsfield, nearly 1500 men, and joined in the search for the lost boy. After a three days' diligent hunt the boy was found in Duxbury. It rained very hard when he was found, and the little fellow was trudg- ing on ; he said he was going home. Capt. Barnard said if the boy should work hard all of his life and be prospered, he never could pay all for their trouble in finding him ; but when we realize the sympathy and good feelings manifested, he felt that they were all well paid. The boy grew to be a man, became a good soldier and died for his country, and so, well paid. COL. EZEKIEL CLAPP, a farmer and prominent citizen of More- town, was a whole-souled man, much es- teemed by his neighbors. About the time he was appointed Colonel, Capt. Rufus Barnard, Capt. Orson Skinner, Maj. Elias Taylor and Col. Clapp attended a military meeting at Waterbury one evening, and after the meeting, it being 10 o'clock p. m., 598 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. it was agreed they would all go to Major Taylor's, in Waitsfield, to see a large cat- amount that had been killed on the East Mountain. The company tilled 2 sleighs. It was very cold, but they reached Waits- field, and actually saw a large dead cat- amount. The company did not get back to Moretown till the next morning. Many years before this, Mr. Clapp was carrying an iron kettle he had borrowed of a neighbor, home on his head. He lived at this time on Mad river, about a mile above Moretown village. Being tired, he sat down to rest, and soon saw a bear seated a little distant, suspiciously regard- ing him and his kettle. Clapp sprang forward, and cast his kettle at the bear. The bear not liking the sound of the kettle as it fell, rushed away, and Clapp picking up the kettle, made his best way home. Mr. Clapp died about 2 years since (1868). The record of him is, "a man truthful and upright in all his dealings." Samuel Pierce, who settled here from Berlin many years since, tells of several deer having been killed in Moretown soon after he came. They were shot when they came down from the mountain to drink. He and Burr Freeman killed one, and he had the skin tanned and made into gloves, and for a long time after boasted of having a pair of Vermont deer-skin gloves. Mr. Pierce is now (1870), about 70 years of age. DR. STEPHEN PIERCE, from Massachusetts, was the first physician that settled in town. He lived on the farm now occupied by Mr. Bisbee. He was a good doctor, upright in all his prac- tice, and made himself honored and useful in his chosen field of labor. He died in Barnard about 1864. Soon after he came to Moretown, one man remarked that tlie Doctor had a very good theory of physic, but he lacked the practice. Soon after this Mr. A. March had a sick child. He went to the Doctor and wanted to get some theory of physic for his child. The Doctor gave him some, and often spoke of the joke to his friends. DR. LESTER KINGSLEY came to this town in Feb. 1827, and has been in practice here now over 40 years. He has many friends, and is now (1870), the town clerk. Dr. Calderwood came to assist Dr. K. in his practice in May of this year. [Dr. Kingsley was town clerk from March 1832 to March 1880, annually elected, holding the office 48 years, and about ID months to the time of his death. He was postmaster from 1837 to '62 — 25 years, and represented Moretown in the Legislature in 1841, '42, and was actively engaged in his profession here 52 years, till within 2 years of his death, Jan. 4, 1 88 1, aged760 DR. HAVLETT, homoeopathist, has been here 2 years, from 1868. He, too, has been successful and won many friends, and his wife has also made herself welcome among us, by teach- ing music. There are three merchants in town : C. Lovejoy, James Evans, Nathan Spauld- ing. Mr. Evans commenced trade May, 1862 [removed to Boston sincej. Mr. Spaulding commenced about 1858, and has charge of the post-office [gone to Burling- ton]. His father, now deceased, was a highly esteenied Methodist minister. He was buried here. There is one grist-mill in town [two now], owned by a Mr. Robinson ; i sash and blind factory, owned by Geo. Bulkley and Geo. Thornton, [which is now Mr. Fassett's grist and saw-mill, tub factory and planing-machine matcher,] four saw- mills, three owned by David T. Jeff. Beld- 0^^ ing, one on the river by Lorenzo Wells's ; 3 blacksmith's shops, carried on by Curt. Carpenter & Co., Calvin Foster, and M. Taylor ; Calvin Foster's carriage shop, where he has done a good business a great many years ; Towle & Lovejoy's wheel- wright shop, where a good business has been done ; [given up and turned into the blacksmith shop of Wallings & Spauld- ing] ; Collins built another shop and con- tinued business as before ; William Saw- yer's harness shop employs several men, [has removed into a larger shop, with his son, partner] ; Mr. Towle's harness shop [he has left town, and the shop is now closed] ; and we liave also 2 shoemakers. X MORETOWN. 599 [Written by Mrs. Smith in 1870, correct- ed by Mr. Aaron Goss, of Moretown, in tlie fall of 1881.] CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. [from MRS. SMITH.] The original members of the First Con- gregational Church in Moretown were — Reuben Hastings, John Stockwell, Sam- uel Eaton, Mrs. Eleazer Wells, and Mrs. Stockwell. The meeting for the organi- zation was in the first log school-house. Mrs. Smith gives from the records the following account of the second organ- ization : " The Congregational Church in More- town and Duxbury met this day at the house of Dea. Benton in said Moretown, for the purpose of taking into considera- tion the disorganization of the said church in Moretown and Duxbury, organized church. The subject had been previously presented to these churches, and the above named meeting of the two churches was duly warned. The meeting was organized by choosing the Rev. Samuel G. Tenney of Waitsfield, moderator, and the Rev. Lyndon S. French of Fayston, co-minister commissioned by the Vt. Dom. Society to labor in the church of Fayston and More- town, scribe. After due consideration it appeared that the church in Moretown was not prepared for the new organization. It was accordingly voted to adjourn the meet- ing until the i8th day of January, 1836, to be held at the same place, and that pre- vious to the new organization, each church, separately, should hold a meeting to pass a vote that the new organization should be the dissolving of the two former churches in said Moretown and Duxbury. Signed Samuel G. Tenney, Lyndon S. French. Moretown, Jan. 18, 1836." The church in Moretown and Duxbury met agreeably to agreement, having, as was voted at the first meeting, each of them voted to disorganize the old church by organizing a new one. The moderator then called for those members in those two churches who wished to unite in a new church, to present themselves. The fol- lowing members came forward from More- town : Nathan Benton, Eunice, his wife, Abraham Spofford and Sarah, his wife, H. Spaulding and Mary, his wife. From Duxbury : Reuben Munson and Mary, his wife, Earl Ward, and Mrs. Fanny Avery." RELIGIOUS HISTORY. [BY C. A. SMITH ] The first church organized in town was a Congregational church. Deacon Nathan Benton and Philemon Ashley were among its early and prominent members. The school-house, and afterward the town house at the village, were used as places of worship. Public worship was main- tained until about 1840, when the mem- bership being quite small, the church was merged in the Congregational church at S. Duxbury, the services at first being held at Moretown and Duxbury alternate- ly, but afterward at S. Duxbury alone. The Congregational Church at S. Dux- bury was founded at an early period. Among its first members were Reuben Munson, Hezekiah Ward, and Earl Ward, his son. Messrs. Seeley and Pomeroy were the earliest pastors. This church is the only church in Duxbury, the people of N. Duxbury being better accommodated at Waterbury. It has never had a large membership. Its relations with the M. E. church at Moretown are of the most cor- dial character, and for several years the pastor of the M. E. church at Moretown has been the acting pastor of the Congre- gational church at S. Duxbury. Aniasa Cole was probably the first Methodist preacher in Moretown. He was a local preacher living near Middlesex. Soon after, in 1809, Joshua Luce, a local preacher from Pittsfield, Mass., settled in town. He, with his wife and daughter Roxana, were probably the first Metho- dists in town. By their efforts a Metho- dist church was soon organized, and More- town became a part of the old Barre Cir- cuit, Vermont District and New England Conference of the M. E. Church, a circuit embracing Barre, Montpelier, Middlesex, Moretown, Waitsfield and Warren. In the town clerk's ofiice there is a rec- ord of the certificate of the ordination of 6oo VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Amasa Cole as a deacon by Bishop Mc- Kendree, at Durham, Me., June 4, 1814, also of that of Leonard Foster, by Bishop Asbury, June 10, 1818. Zadoc Hubbard, Ebenezer Johnson, Calvin Clark, Barna- bas Mayo and William Harris were among the leading members prior to 1820. The first church edifice was built in 1832, at the Common. This was occupied for 22 years, until in 1854, the present church at the village was erected. The old church still stands, though unoccupied. Messrs. Frost, Newell, Steele, Peirce and Haskell were among the earliest itinerants on this circuit, while Bishop George, Wil- bur Fisk and Elijah Hedding (afterward Bishop) have officiated here. Rev. Justin Spaulding was born in this town in 1802. He was for some years a missionary in South America, afterward a presiding elder in New Hampshire Con- ference. His health failing, he returned to his native town and resided here until his death. Rev. Nathan B. Spaulding was born in Moretown ; entered the Methodist ministry from this town. He belonged successive- ly to the New England and to the New Hampshire Conferences, in which he held a prominent position. A partial failure of health necessitated a retirement from the itinerancy in middle life. He located in his native town, and continued to preach occasionally as health and opportunity per- mitted until his death in 1863. The topography of this town is such that the inhabitants of large portions of its territory can more conveniently attend church at Northfield, Montpelier, Middle- sex and Waterbury than at Moretown vil- lage. The M. E. church is the only Prot- estant church in town. At some periods of its history its membership has been much larger than at present ; but its con- dition and prospects are very hopeful. Mrs. Smith says in her paper, " the first Methodist meeting was held in Mr. Slayton's barn." It is probable, says our re- cord, that we credit to Rev. Mr. Currier, that Mr. Cole was the first Methodist preacher in town. He resided near Middlesex, and was accustomed to walk from home to the Common, preach, and return without din- ner for the reason that " Jack did not eat his supper," — none was offered him to eat. In the winter season this walk and work must have been very fatiguing, especially when he broke his own path through the snow, often knee deep. When the people of Moretown heard the cannon's roar at Plattsburg, the towns- men met at the tavern kept by Joshua Luce, on the farm where Alvin Pierce now resides, to see who would volunteer to go to Plattsburg to repulse the British. This was in 1812. Both the local pireach- ers were present and heartily encouraged the men. Mr. Luce was a local preacher, but farm- ing was his main occupation. He preach- ed on the Common, in the dwelling house of Ebenezer Johnson, and in the school house. Among the prominent members of the Methodist Church in 1820, and for some years subsequent, were Ebenezer Johnson — who was town clerk prior, for some years, to 1832, when Dr. Kingsley suc- ceeded him — Calvin Clark and Barnabas Mayo — whose names are among the sub- stantial and influential members of the Methodist family of that date. William Harris and his excellent wife, known as "Aunt Ruth," were noted for their generosity, keeping what was called a Methodist tavern, and many a weary itinerant found shelter and food and rest in the home of "Aunt Ruth." In 1832, the first Methodist meeting house in town was built on the Common, and for 22 years it was occupied in regular meetings. But in 1854, Moretown Hollow — now village proper — built the house now used for worsliip. For some years before the church building was erected at the Hollow, the Methodists worshipped in the town-house in the village or Hollow, and at the Common alternately. Soon after the church was built, in the village the Common meetings were nearly abandoned, and meetings held at the new house only. Three prominent men — who became ministers of the Gospel — had their origin MORETOWN. 60 1 in this town. Rev. Justin Spaulding, son of Levi and Thankful Spaulding. [See paper before.] His widow and several children are now residing in Moretown and vicinity. Rev. Newell Spaulding, brother of the last named, is now living, and resides in New York city. Rev. Nathan B. Spaulding [see,* also, page before.] When the Barre circuit included the 6 towns, before named, and the meetings were sometimes held in Wm. Harris' barn, when the quarterly meetings were held here, as many as 80 teams have been counted around the barn from the other towns of the circuit, which centered around. The Methodists of Moretown and the Congregationalists of South Duxbury have alternate meetings at present, and have but one pastor. They have a good congrega- tion and an excellent Sabbath School. If any one who may read this listened to a concert by the South Duxbury Sabbath School on the first Sabbath of October, 1876, they will doubtless bear testimony to the truthfulness of the above statement, in calling the school an excellent one. For the present prosperity of the Metho- dist Church in Moretown, any one desiring can see the Annual Minutes of Conference, 1876. The parsonage buildings have been repaired and neatly fitted up this year. MINISTERS FROM i860 TO 1 88 1. i860, J. W. Bemis ; 1862, J. Gill ; 1863- 4, P. N. Granger; 1865-6, L. C. Powers; 1867-8, W. B. Howard; 1869-70, D. Willis; 1871-2, J. S. Spinney; 1873, H. G. Day; 1874-5, D. Willis; 1876-7, C. 5. Buswell; 1878-9, C. A. Smith; 1880- 81, S. B. Currier. REV. LEMUEL C. POWERS, (BY A. 8. COOPEK.J whose life was marked with uniform con- sistency and faithfulness, was born in Rochester, this State, August, 1828. He made a Christian profession at the age of 13, and commenced his labors as a Metho- dist preacher when about 30. His fields were first as a local preacher on Bethel 76 Lympus charge two years ; after as Con- ference preacher there 2 years ; next at Topsham 2 years, and then at Moretown in 1864, '66. The first was a dry year, but he labored on earnestly, especially in the Sunday school, and in his second year just as he was prostrated by disease, he was cheered by 12 or 15 persons at North Fayston, embraced in his charge, profess- ing conversion and wishing to receive bap- tism from his hands ; but his work was done, and he received his discharge on the eve of the holy Sabbath— Nov. 18, 1866. To an only brother who watched by his bedside while he was dying, he said: "I am realizing now how ' Jesus can make a dying bed Feel soft as downy pillows are ' " ; and passed without a struggle or groan to his rest. He left a wife and 4 children. Revs. Gill and Spaulding attended his funeral. After his brethren in the ministry and others bore his body to the grave, the citi- zens assembled and passed resolutions of respect for his memory and sympathy for his family. — [For further mention see the place of his birth — Rochester, in next volume.] CATHOLIC CHURCH IN MORETOWN. Those of this faith are almost entirely Irish. The first settlers were Daniel Murray, John Hogan, Patrick Calvy, Pat- rick Farral and Daniel Divine. They purchased lands on what is called South hill. Most of them commenced with very limited means, but by industry have gen- erally prospered, and will now average with others of the town in wealth. There is one school district almost all Irish pupils. There are now 90 who have grand lists, and probably 75 voters. Among the prom- inent men of the present are Andrew Murray, Daniel Hassett, Patrick Lynch, Thomas and Charles McCarty, and the three Kerin brothers. Moretown is now a central point for the Catholic population of South Du.xbury, Fayston, Waitsfield and Warren. The first priest officiating here was Father Jeremiah O'Callaghan, 602 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. who, if we are correctly informed, was the first CathoUc priest in Vermont. [The first resident Irish priest, but not the first Catholic priest in Vermont. There was a resident priest, undoubtedly, at the old French Mission of St. Catherine, in Wells, at the Isle La Motte Mission of St. Anne (see vol. ii. page 558), and the French Mission in Swanton, some interest- ing account of which will be given in the history of the late Rev. John B. Perry, of Swanton, to be embraced in this work — of any of which missions we would be par- ticularly pleased to receive any informa- tion that any person may be able to com- municate, however trifling apparently. Every little link helps in putting together the broken chain that binds us to the early days. Our histories are very ob- scure so far back ; the. least little incident is the little track to the explorer that leads to the clue. There have been also mis- sionary priests earlier than Father O'Calla- ghan, as Rev. James Fulton, the venerable pastor now of the Church of the Holy Re- deemer, East Boston, who was an early missionary in Vermont. See his " Early History of the Catholic Church in New England." — Ed.] " He resided in Burlington, officiating there and in this town, and probably in other places. Father O'Callaghan was also an author, and wrote five volumes on different subjects. The second priest of- ficiating here was Father Drolet, the third. Father Druon, the fourth. Father Duglue, the fifth, Father Galligan, who resides at Waterbury, officiating there, in this town, and in Northfield. The land for building a church on, and also for a burial ground, was given to the Catholic society by Col. Miller of Mont- pelier, in 1841. In 1858, the society built their present church building on South hill, which is a little more than a mile from the village, nearly east. They contem- plate building a new church edifice in the village, at no very distant future. — News- paper Record, 1879. The Rev. Fathers O'Callaghan, Daly, Drolet, Maloneya nd Coopman, O. M. J., visited occasionally this mission, before Rev. Z. Druon built the Church (St. Pat- rick's) in i860. The lot upon which the church stands had been given many years before by three members, to be used part- ly as a burying ground. The number of Catholic families in this mission is about 40 ; mostly farmers. They are attended now by Rev. Thomas Galligan, from Wat- erbury, and were previously, after the de- parture of Father Druon, attended from Montpelier by his successor there, Rev. Joseph Duglue, who had the pastoral care of them for a few years. Rev. Z. Druon. Aug. 21, 1876." " The document sent you by Father Druon is, I think, quite correct. The lot on which the church stands was donated in 1855 by Frank Lee, Peter Lee, and J. Miller. I copy from the deed itself. Louis Bp. of Bulington. Jan. 2, 1882." PROMINENT SONS OR CITIZENS. Among the men of note who were born or have lived in Moretown, in the early part of their lives, is Rev. Eland Foster, a preacher and author. He has held many good appointments in and around New York city. Mr. Foster married the daugh- ter of Dr. Palmer, of New York. He with his wife are great revival workers. [What has Rev. Mr. Foster published? titles of his works asked for, not yet received — Ed.] Rev. William High may also be named as one who was brought up, if not born, in our town, and who is well known as quite a noted pulpit orator. Also, Rev. E. C. Bass, now of New Hampshire Conference, is a native of Moretown, and graduate of the Vermont University. longevity of moretown. Persons deceased in town 70 years of age and over. — Philemon Ashley 80, Roger G. Bulkley 86, Lyman Child 81, Reuben Per- kins 72, John Pattrill 82, Lyman Cobb 72, Ephraim Cobb 81, Israel Noble 84, Elisha Goodspeed 88, Levi Spalding 81, Constant Freeman ']'], Jesse Thornton 71, Cephas Carpenter 88, Nathan Benton 70, Nathan MORETOWN. 603 Benton Jr. 79, Stephen .Pierce 88, Charles Howe 91, Abram Spofford 82, Elijah Win- ship 'J2,, Rowland Taylor T"], Icliabod Thomas 79, Morty Kerin 82, Timothy Hutchins 76, Abner Child 87, Reuben Hawks 75, James Smith 'jt,, James Smal- ley 84, Levi Munson 72, Richard Welch 71, John Poor"79, Horace HeatonSi, Zela Keyes 76, Martin Mason 70, Daniel Wood- bury 91, Daniel Murray 70, Samuel Carl- ton 83, Earl Ward 70, David Stockwell 75, Philetus Robinson 76, Micah B. Tap- lin 78, Ward Page 74, Francis Hope 82, Robert Prentiss 83, Matthias Cannon 82, John Snyder 85, Daniel Hassett 72, John Flanagan 76, Wm. Prentiss 83, Eber C. Child 76, Lester Kingsley 76, Samuel Pierce 82, William Prentiss Sr. 80, Ezra Harris over 70, Isaac Foster, Caleb Hobbs, Ebenezer Johnson, Ebenezer Mayo, Hart- well Robinson, Harvey Stowell, Samuel Kingsbury, Alfred Cram, Emory Taylor, Paul Knapp 87, Ebenezer Haseltine 79, Elisha Atherton 79, Henry Colby 84, Richard Colby 89, David Belding, John Goss 73, Aladuren Stowell 80, Sylvia Ash- ley 76, Sally Bulkley 80, Eunice Noble 71, Lydia Foster 84, Martha Davis 85, Thank- ful Spalding 80, Sibyl Clapp 80, Phoebe Thornton 80, Lucinda Curtis 89, Anna Carpenter 71, Esther Benton "]"] , Elizabeth Pierce 'jt^, Martha Howe 96, Rebecca Pierce T^f Jane G. Seaver 81, Sarah Free- man 70, Nancy Smith 74, Mary Allen "JT, Elizabeth Hall 75, Betsey Vose 86, Polly P. Wells 81, Louisa A. Martin 71, Abigail Haseltine 79, Emily Allen 70, Prudence Freeman 90, PhilaGoss 72, Dolly F. Child 88, Sally Stiles I},, Susan Hope 78, Har- riet McNaulty 74, Rhoda Willey 80, Lydia Robinson 86, Eliza M. Poor 73, Mary Nash 78, Isabel C. Jackson 71, Priscilla Knapp 93, Polly Howes TJ, Phoebe Rice 89, Sarah D. Walton 74, Betsey Clark 88, Ruth Slayton 81, Lucinda Stowell 75, Anna Barton 86, Mariam Leland 92, Par- nel Boutwell 71, Shuah Keyes 88, Flor^nda F. Belding 87, Sally Corss, Eunice Snyder 85, Lucinda Prentiss 75, Lizzie Prentiss 72, Mrs. Amos Palmer over 70, Esther (Luce) Ridley 86, Lucy Silsby over 70, Mrs. Eben'r Mayo, Dolly Child, Mrs. Ephraim Clark, Rachel Kingsbury, Anna Munson 86, Clarissa Heaton 96, Mrs. Al- fred Crane 70, Juda Haseltine 96, Mrs. John Foster over 70, Mrs. David Stockwell over 70, Susan Foster 74, Hannah Flan- ders 90, Huldah Colby 70, Lucretia Free- man ']■},, Lydia Goss "T}^, Betsey Hutchin- son, Mrs. Aladuren Stowell 75. Old people of Moretoivti now living over 70. — Joel D. Rice 75, Lewis Bagley 78, Uriah Howe 72, Calvin Foster 78, John Towle 80, Wm. B. Foster 80, Osgood Evans 78, Hiram Hathaway 70, Smith Freeman 72, Ezra Hutchinson 81, William Deavitt over 70, Rolland Knapp over 70. Mary B. Evans 73, Abigail Child 81, Mary A. Spalding 86, Polly Prentiss 82, Cornelia W. Goss 75 Lucinda Tubbs 79, Rahamah T. Bulkley 72, Sarah Seaver 70, Mary Somerville over 70, Mrs. Joel Rice 75, Nancy Carlton 80, Priscilla Knapp 81. Wales Bass, son of Alpheus Bass, of Moretown, was killed instantly, Dec. 1863, being thrown from a load of wood ; the horses had taken fright. ADDITIONAL FROM AARON GOSS. Longevity. — Charlotte Smith died in town, aged 93 ; and the following died during the past year, 1881 : J_es>t^ \ Dr. L-ttther Kingsley, aged "jd years, who lived in town nearly 60 years, had been town clerk nearly 50 years. Wm. Prentiss, aged 83, had always lived in town. Samuel Pierce, aged 82, had lived in town 58 years. Mrs. Florinda Belden, aged 87, and Mrs. Lydia B. Foster, So. . Simon Stevens had his distillery on the premises where D. F. Freeman now lives. He was a very resolute business man, and died by taking a severe cold from over- work. G. RE-UNION OF OSGOOD EVANS' FAMILY, which held a pleasant re-union in this town, at the old homestead, Sept. 1879 i there being present Mr. Evans, the father, 76 years of age; Mrs. Evans, 72; J. D. Evans and family, of the firm of Batch- elder, Evans & Co., Boston, produce deal- ers — wife and 2 children ; E. A. Shattuck, 6o4 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Central R. R. engineer, and family ; M. O. and G. B. Evans and families, and Geo. C, who lives with his father ; and grand- children present, 27. MATTHEW HALE CARPENTER was born in Moretown, Dec. 22, 1824, and died at Washington; D. C, Feb. 24, 1881, while serving as United States Senator from the State of Wisconsin. His parents named him Decatur Merritt Harmon Car- penter ; how and why his name was changed will appear further on. His grandfather. Col. Cephas Carpenter, was long a resident of Moretown — a man of strong intellect and marked character- istics. For years he was a justice of the peace, and as such presided in the trial of cases almost without number. When a trial was had before another justice, he was usually found acting as counsel for one of the parties, in which capacity he was cjuite the equal of most of the practicing attorneys of his day. It has been truly said of him that " he was a lawyer, though not a member of any bar." His father was Ira Carpenter, who was born in Moretown, and resided there until well advanced in life, when he removed to Warren. He was a particularly fine-looking man, easy in manner, social in his habits, and a favorite among his acquaintances. For more than twenty years he held the office of deputy sheriff, and was frequently constable of the town. In discharging the duties of these offices he was thrown much into the company of Hon. Paul Dillingham, a lawyer residing in Waterbury, but having a large practice in the Mad River Valley. Such close business relations soon made them fast friends, and Mr. Carpenter's house became Mr. Dillingham's habitual stopping-place when at Moretown. During these visits "Merritt," as the boy was then called, attracted the attention of the genial attorney from Waterbury, who frequently bantered him about coming to live with him, promising to make a lawyer of him. On the occasion of a certain trip to More- town, while passing over the height of land midway between the latter village and Waterbury, Mr. Dillingham was surprised to meet young Carpenter, then a lad of 14, trudging along on. foot with all his worldly effects in a small bundle. When asked where he was going, the boy replied, "To Waterbury, to live with you and be a lawyer." 'Squire Dillingham, as he was then popularly called, finding his former proposals thus unexpectedly accepted, di- rected the lad to go ahead, report to Mrs. Dillingham, and await his return at night. Mrs. Dillingham was greatly pleased with her youthful visitor, who made such good use of his undeveloped arts as an advocate that when Mr. Dillingham returned, he found an entente co7'diale had already been established between his wife and the boy. And this is how young Carpenter became a protege, though never a formally adopted son of Hon. Paul Dillingham, whose house thereafter was the only home he had until he entered upon the practice of his pro- fession, and had made one for himself in the West. In 1843, through the influence of Mr. Dillingham, he was appointed a cadet in the Military School at West Point, in which institution he pursued his studies for 2 years. Having no taste for military life, but desiring above all things else to be a lawyer, he at the end of that time ten- dered his resignation. This was accepted, and he immediatety returned to Water- bury, and entered Mr. Dillingham's office as a student. In Nov. 1847, he was ad- mitted to the Washington County Bar ; but conscientiously refused to practice with- out further preparation. He went to Boston, where he was generously taken into the office of Rufus Choate. He soon won, not only the good opinion of that great man, but his admiration and unbounded confi- dence. Mr. Choate assisted him in select- ing a library suitable to his needs, and ad- vanced the money to pay for the same. Equipped with this, he removed to Beloit, Wis., in the year 1848. At this time he was tall and handsome of figure, with a noble head and winning blue eyes, with a voice of sympathetic quality, and with a manner of mingled frankness and almost boyish roguishness. His prospect was full of promise, when, after a few months' residence in Beloit, he MORETOWN. 605 was suddenly and unaccountably afflicted with a disease of the eyes, which resulted for several months in total blindness. For 18 months he was under treatment in New York, poor, almost hopeless of cure, and with no other than his constant friends, Mr. Dillingham and Rufus Choate. Nearly 3 years were thus lost— so far as professional advancement was concerned—before he was able to return and resume the practice of his profession in Beloit. Poor as he then was, he managed to collect what was then the best law library in the county, and from the first developed that thoroughness of "working out" cases which ever since characterized him. Then, as since, he was very fond of literary studies. The poets he had almost by heart, and his studies of the historical, philosophical and political classics of England and America were un- ceasing. Politically, he was a democrat of the most decided cast. Going to Beloit just as the "free-soil " movement was carry- ing all before it, he had to breast the al- most unanimous political sentiment of a county and town invincibly whig before, then "free-soil," and since republican. Still, he assailed his opponents in their stronghold with so much fearlessness, wit, logic, constitutional learning and unfailing bonhotninie, that only his few enemies were vexed at his personal popularity. Still democratic on his return to Beloit, he became known more widely by occa- sional speeches in various parts of the state, while his professional success grew with steadiness. So strong had be become in a few years in his own county, that in 1852 he received the legal majority of votes cast for district attorney, although his party was beaten by over 1500 votes. His opponent received the certificate, owing to the diversity in the use of the numerous initials of his name on the ballots cast by his supporters, but Mr. Carpenter appealed to the court, and vindicated both his right and legal ability before the su- preme tribunal of the state with equal success. It was in consequence of this experience that he obtained legislative sanction to the name, Matthew Hale Carpenter, by which he had become to be called by his admirers in a spirit of pleas- ant recognition of his splendid legal abil- ities. From this time until 1869, he never held an office, nor was he a candidate for one. He devoted himself to the study and prac- tice of the law with an enthusiasm which knew no bounds, and had a large and lu- crative practice. In 1856, he was the leading counsel for the respondent in the remarkable proceed- ings by qtio warranto, to try the title to the office of governor of Wisconsin between the relator Bashford and the incumbent Bars tow. In 1859, hs removed to Milwaukee, and formed, by invitation, a law partnership with Hon. E. G. Ryan, then the acknowl- edged leader of the Wisconsin Bar, and afterwards Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of that state. Two such natural leaders of men could not long remain partners, and this partner- ship was soon dissolved. Mr. Carpenter opened an office for himself, and was con- stantly crowded with business. From i860 to 1867 his time was almost constantly occupied with litigation connected with the railroads of the state, and which was finally carried to the supreme court of the United States, where upon his first appearance he won the rare honor of a highly compli- mentary notice from that grave tribunal. " Meanwhile, the outbreak of armed re- bellion gave Carpenter the opportunity to lead in politics as in law. Having been a devoted Douglas Democrat, a believer in the constitution, and a stalwart defender of the Union, he burst the bonds of party allegiance, as soon as the democratic party South openly carried out its plans. No voice in Wisconsin, at the outset of the war, was so clear, electric and thrilling as his, when the First Wisconsin regiment was sent to the front. His speech was a trumpet blast that was worth an army corps to the cause that inspired him with the courage of an apostle and the prescience of a prophet. It came from his heart and went to the hearts of the people. It an- ticij^ated the necessity of emancipation and filled the souls of old anti-slavery leaders 6o6 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. with apprehensions of its untinieliness. In all the subsequent phases of the war he was constantly in the lead, but never had to go bevond the doctrines and sentiments of the speech that made him the foremost republican leader, in the hearts of the people." During the dark days of 1863 and 1864, Mr. Carpenter supported the government by public speeches and printed arg^iments, in which he took the most advanced posi- tion as to the war powers of the govern- ment outside the constitution when the life of the nation was in peril. His power- ful arguments, maintaining the measures of the government, attracted universal attention. So great, indeed, had his reputation become as a constitutional lawyer, that in 1867, when the tamous McArdle case was coming on for argument before the Supreme Court of the United States, Secretary Stanton engaged Mr. Carpenter to make the principal argument for the government. His argimient in that case, it may be safely said, will rank with the greatest efforts ever made before that or any other judicial tribunal. After the completion of his brief, he submitted it to Secretary Stanton, who cordially ap- proved it. but added that William M. Mer- edith, of Philadelphia, was the king of American lawyers, and that before the ar- gument was made he desired to have his judgment as to its soundness. Provided with a note of introduction from the Sec- retary and a $1000 retainer, Mr. Carpenter went to Philadelphia, and submitted his argimient to Mr. Meredith. A whole day was spent at the hitter's residence in a very thorough examination of it. At the conclusion Mr. Meredith wrote Secretary Stanton in these words: "I have care- fully examined the argument of Mr. Car- penter in the matter of McArdle. To it I cannot add a word ; from it 1 would not subtract one." This case, though fully argued, was never decided, the court holding that it had no jurisdiction ; but the National Leg- islature endorsed the soundness of Mr. Carpenter's views by subsequently enact- ing laws for the reconstruction of the Southern States, which were founded upon the principles maintained by him in this argimient. In 1869. ^^^ ^^'^^ elected United States Senator by the republicans of Wisconsin. During his service he bore a conspicuous part in the debates, and increased his rep- utation as an orator and constitutional lawyer. In March 1873, he was elected President //v'/f-w/ort' of the Senate, which position he held until the expiration of his term in 1S75. At this time he was the choice of the repubhcans of his state as his own successor, but the democrats were then engaged in defeating regular nomina- tions through a coalition with disappointed republicans. By a combination of this kind, largely composed of democrats. Mr. Carpenter was defeated. During the next 4 years he remained in Washington, constantly employed in im- portant causes. Among these was the impeachment trial of Secretary Belknap, in which he appeared for the defendant. He aLso appeared for Mr. Tilden before the electoral commission, and displayed rare knowledge of state and national laws. In 1879, h^ ^^'^■'^ again elected a senator from the State of Wisconsin to succeed Timothy O. Howe, which office he held at the time of his death. During all the time he was in the Senate he continued the practice of the law, mostly in the Supreme Court of the United States. His cases embraced almost every question that could be raised under the Rcconstmc- tion Acts of Congre.ss. the 13th. 14th and 15th Amendments to the Constitution, as well as the numerous questions constantly growing out of great business transactions. Upon his ability and acquirements as a lawyer and an advocate his reputation will rest. His devotion to the law led him to look for the principle underlying every measure requiring his action, and unless such measure seemed to be founded upon sound principles, it failed of his support. Hence he often differed in opinion with his po- litical associates who had gained reputa- tions as statesmen. Upon one of these occasions, being taunted with the fact, he MORETOWN. 607 exclaimed, "I am a lawyer, not a states- man." To be a good lawyer was his ambition and pride, and in the midst of his political career, when opposition newspapers were pouring abuse upon him without stint or mercy, he found consolation in the fact that none of them had charged him "with being a poor lawyer." Ex-Attorney-General Jesse Black, who had much professional intercourse with Mr. Carpenter, said of him after his death : "The American bar has not often suf- fered so great a misfortune as the death of Mr. Carpenter. He was cut off when he was rising as rapidly as at any previous period. In the noontide of his labors the night came, wherein no man can work. To what height his career might have reached if he had lived and kept his health another score of years, can now be only a speculative question. But when we think of his great wisdom and his wonderful skill in the forensic use of it, together witli his other qualities of mind and heart, we can- not doubt that in his left hand would have been uncounted riches and abundant honor if only length of days had been given to his right. As it was, he distanced his co- temporaries, and became the peer of the greatest among those who had started long before him. The intellectual character of no professional man is harder to analyze than his. He was gifted with an eloquence sid generis. It consisted of free and fear- less thought, borne upon expression power- ful and perfect. It was not fine rhetoric, for he seldom resorted to poetic illustra- tion ; nor did he make a parade of clinch- ing his facts. He often warmed with feel- ing, but no bursts of passion deformed the symmetry of his argument. The flow of his speech was steady and strong — as tlie current of a great river. Every sentence was perfect ; every word was fitly spoken ; each apple of gold was set in its picture of silver. This singular faculty of saying everything just as it ought to be said, was not displayed only in the Senate and in the courts ; everywhere, in public and private, on his legs, in his chair, and even lying on his bed, he always 'talked like a book.'" In personal appearance, Mr. Carpenter was striking and distinguished. He was above the average stature, broad shoulder- ed and well proportioned. His head was large, well set and finely formed. His hair grew in profusion, and formed a fine setting for a countenance which was al- ways strong and winning, but which was in- expressibly sad or characteristically bright and cheery — ^just as the mood happened to be in which one found him. In temperament, he was buoyant, en- thusiastic, energetic and kind. His buoy- ancy never left him, his sparkle (and it was his alone), never ceased, his energy never diminished, his industry never wea- ried, and his generosity and kindness, al- ways large, only grew larger and more comprehensive as life went on. His services as a speaker were sought on all occasions where public joy or public sorrow sought expression. The following extract from one of his addresses will give an idea of his style : "The loves and friendships of individ- uals partake of the frail character of human life; are brief and uncertain. The experi- ences of human life may be shortly summed up : a little loving and a great deal of sor- rowing; some bright hopes and many bitter disappointments ; some gorgeous Thursdays, when the skies are bright and the heavens blue, when Providence, bend- ing over us in blessings, glads the heart almost to madness ; many dismal Fridays, when the smoke of torment beclouds the mind, and undying sorrows gnaw upon the heart ; some high ambitions and many Waterloo defeats, until the heart becomes like a charnel-house, filled with dead af- fections, embalmed in holy but sorrowful memories ; and then the cord is loosened, the golden bowl is broken, the individual " life — a cloud, a vapor — passeth away." Mr. Carpenter was a profound believer in the inspiration of the Scriptures — of which he was a close and appreciative student — and of the divinity of Christ. One of his reasons for this belief may be found in the following extract from a letter written by him to Prof. David Swing : "Whoever will read Cicero's Twilight 6o8 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Speculations about Duty and the Future Life, remembering that perhaps he was the fullest man of an antiquity, the ripest scholar and student of the highest period of Roman civilization, and remembering that from the birth of Cssar to the birth of Christ the only change that came to civilization was a decline, and that Jesus belonged to an out-of-the-way people — a people apart from the high tides of human greatness — and then will read the Sermon on the Mount, I cannot comprehend how he can escape the conclusion that the dif- ference is not one of degree, but of kind. That Jesus, surrounded as he was, could have promulgated a system of morals em- bodying all that is most valuable in the prior life of the world, and to which nine- teen centuries of civilization have been unable to add a thought or impart an orna- ment, is a fact not to be explained by any ridicule." At the time of his death, his law library alone had cost him more than $40,000, and his library of miscellaneous works numbered about 10,000 vols. He was married to Caroline, daughter of Hon. Paul Dillingham, of VVaterbury, Nov. 27, 1855. Four children were born to them, of whom two — daughters — died in infancy. Of the two now living, Lillian Carpenter, now a young lady, is the eldest ; the other, Paul Dillingham Carpenter, is a lad of 14 years. Mrs. Carpenter, with her son and daughter, now reside in the city of Milwaukee. [The above are facts furnished by the Dillingham family of Waterbury, with journal notices.] MRS. HOPY HOLT, aged over 94 years, is the oldest person we have any record of now living in More- town. She was born in New Bedford, Mass. Her parents were Abraham and Mary (White) Howland. Her mother lived to nearly 82 years. Mrs. Holt was the wife of Amos Holt, who died in More- town some 38 years since, and the mother of 10 children, 9 of whom lived to settle in life as heads of families ; 7 now living ; 3 over 70 : Amos Holt, of Berkshire, age T], Sept. last; Hopy, aged 74, June '81 — Mrs. Hopy Holt Hartwell, now of Mont- pelier, widow 17 years of William Hart- well, who died aged 59, in Berlin; and Mrs. Mary Goodspeed, who lives in North- ern New York, aged 72. Mrs. Hopy Holt, in her life of almost a century, has lived in Montpelier, Calais and Moretown, and perhaps in one or two other towns in this county. She remembers when Montpelier river was of the size of a large brook. She says when young she was spry, and could jump as- far as any one ; that with a long pole she could have reached into the mid- dle of the stream, and jumped over. Now at 95, she can drop down on her feet upon the hearth, at the fire-place, light her pipe sitting on her feet, and spring up lightly again without touching a hand down ; a feat not half of the women of 40 can ac- complish. She states her little house where she lived in Montpelier, stood upon ground covered now by the mill-pond near the Arch-bridge, near the centre of the present pond. That there were but two framed houses in Montpelier village when she removed to Calais. Her present home is with her son, G. H. Holt of Moretown. We saw the mother of 94 and daughter of 74, together the past summer. It seemed quite a sight, a mother with a daughter of 74 years by her side ; and the mother in appearance bid fair to outlive the daughter. Since the above was in type we have learned that Mrs. Hopy Holt died Dec. 12, 1 88 1, aged 94 years, 3 mos. 24 days. TO MY GRANDFATHER, BY MRS. CELIA BAXTER BRIGHAM. The weight of years is on thy brow, And age lias dimmed tliine eye, Thy step falls not as lightly now. As in the years gone by ; Yet is thy brow serene and calm, Thine eye uplifted still ; Thy trust in God's protecting arm Old age can never chill. I look far back through years on years. Before thy locks were gray, And see the smile that soothed my fears, And cheered my infant play. Those mild blue eyes— they kindly beam On all around thee yet ; So like my mother's own they seem, I never can forget. MORETOWN. 609 The music of thy deep-toueii voice, Attuned in sacred song, Oft made my raptured heart rejoice, When days were briglit and long; And now, wlien short and sadder all Tlie fleeting days liave grown. Kind memory loveth to recall Each spirit-tlirilling tone. I know tliat Time's relentless hand Is laid upon thy head ; Thee guiding to the shadowy land. With still, unfaltering tread, Yet hath he gently dealt with thee. Since thou, through smiles and tears, With retrospective glance canst see The graves of eiglity years. I know the tide that bears thee on Hath no returning wave. Yet down its current One hath gone Far mightier than the grave. And He, who conquered every foe On Adam's race that waits, Will guide thee, when the waves o'erflow, Within the Eternal gates. Abner Child of Moretown, to whom the above lines were written, died in 1854, aged 87. THE LAKE OF THE CLOUDS. BY CORNELIA J. CHILD. Aye ! Others may wander 'neath far distant skies. For the beauties of scenery not granted us here. And when suns o'er a classical land shall arise. May forget all tlie beauties that blossom more near; But the glories of Nature, wjiatever they are, Can never be elsewhere more dear than my own. And no magical eye-glass can render more fair A bright distant scene, than a bright one at home. There's a rapture of feeling that swells to the soul. When we gaze on a land that is hallowed in song; But a deeper soul-worship, beyond our control. When the glories we love, to our own land belong. Then when weary of bright skies and Alpine delights, The grandeur of home on thy memory crowds. Come back and ascend to Mansfield's proud heights. To bathe the tired limbs in the "Lake of the Clouds.' ' There are broader expanses of water and wave. Where gems at the bottom in sunshine lie sparkling. But we can imagine as much in the wave [darkling; Where the shades of the wood and the steep rock lie And never did light glimmer down from the moon. And o'er a dark wave more encliantingly plaj'. Than there, where baptized in the depths of tlie flood. The bright stars lie watching the sleep of the day. Oh, Lake of the Clouds 1 oft my bright fancy takes me On fairy-like wings to tliy home in the air. And cooling my lips in the waves of thy fountain, I fancy a charm talismanic lies there; That never shall mortal that's tasted thy waters, Or had them wept o'er him in dews from the skies. Fail to honor his country with love patriotic. And leave a warm prayer for lier weal when he dies. But whenever a son of the ever-green Mountains Shall feel Freedom's fire less ardently burn, [him. Thy waves will all spring to the clouds to rain o'er And the Genius of Country replenish the urn. Then though there's no bright spell of History cast o'er To kindle the mind and wake intellect's joys, [thee A classical charm shall be thine yet in story, [boys. For thy waves have been parted by Green Mountain A body of water on Mansfield Mountain, familiarly known to sportsmen as the " Lake of the Clouds." MILITARY REGISTER. BY AARON GObS. Co. G. dth Reg. Vt. Vols, from Oct. 15, 1 861, to Jan. I, 1864. Bixby, Russell, enlisted from Bi"adford. Boyce, George C, from P'ayston, lost in the battle of the Wilderness. Bowen, Warren, from Topsham. Brock, E. A., residence not put down. Corliss, C. B., from Duxbury. Craig, Daniel R., Orange. Clemens, Charles, Orange. Caruth, Albert W., Topsham. Craig, Albert E., Orange. Chase, John J., Fayston. Church, Geo. K., Washington. Demass, Oliver P., Fayston. Eastman, Geo. E., W. Topsham. Emerson, James K., Wolcott. Fenton, Bartholomew, Moi^etown. Goodspeed, Elisha, Warren. Gilson, Eli, South Fayston. Gove, Ira S., veteran, Lincoln; killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June 8, '64. Greene, Edson, Orange. Gillett, Abel W., Duxbury ; served his time in invalid corps. Heath, Horace L., West Topsham ; pro- moted by commission in negro reg. Howe, C. C, Thetford. Hunter, John H., veteran, wounded at Funkstown, Md., July 10, '63; also wounded in the Wilderness, Va., May 4, '64 : had his right arm amputated May 5, '64. Hunter was one of the best of soldiers ; would have marched right into a cannon's mouth if it had been necessary ; he knew no fear of death when in action. Johnson, Benjamin B., wounded at Spott- sylvania, May 11, '64. Johnson, William H. Kenney, Geo. W., wounded at Banks' Ford, May 4, '63 ; not down where from. Lyford, Henry, veteran, Hardwick ; wd. at Savage Station, Va., June 30, '63. n 6io VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Lewis, Edwin C, veteran, Northfield ; commissioned in negro regiment, and sent to the south-western department. Marble, Calvin B., Fayston. Marble, Geo. L., veteran, Fayston; killed at Cedar Creek, Oct. 19, '64. McLam, Robert, West Topsham. McCandlish, Benjamin, Burlington. Mills, Charles, Warren. Watson, Ezra G., not stated where from. Meader, Wm., wd. at Franklin Crossing, Va., June 7, "63. Moore, Joseph Jr., Bradford; wounded at Mary's Heights, May 3, '63. Moore, Carlos B., Bradford. Paul, Joseph, Topsham ; promoted to ad- jutant clerk. Persons, Fred D., Warren ; promoted to orderly serg't. Oct. 1864. Porter, Warren C, Fayston; taken pris. at Banks' Ford, May 4, '63. Ricker, Benjamin, Washington ; taken prisoner at Banks' Ford, May 4, '63. Richardson, Reuben, Fayston, veteran, having served in the 9 months' men. Shonnio, Arnold, Duxbury ; wounded at Mary's Heights, May 3, '63 ; leg ampu- tated May 5. Smith, Emery L., Northfield; taken pris. at Savage Station, Va., June 30, "62; also wounded at the battle of the Wil- derness, Va., May 6, '64; Smith was a good soldier. Stoddard, Lyman, veteran ; wounded at Mary's Heights, May 3, '63. Strong, Wm. H., Fayston. Shontell, Lewis, Middlese.x. Stratton, Charles E., Orange. Tillotson, Leander, Topsham. Tucker, Julius E., veteran, Rochester; taken prisoner at Bull Run and probably killed by one of Mosby's guerillas. Taylor, John W., not credited where from. Veo, Joseph, Northfield ; wounded atFred- ericksburg, Dec. 12, '62, and Mary's Heights, May 4, '63. Usher, Nathan D., veteran, Goshen Gore. Wright, H. R., town not given. Whipple, John, town not given. Whittlesey, James E., Moretown, nick- named Horace Greeley ; transferred to invalid corps. Boyden, Dexter, Duxbury ; transferred to invalid corps ; wounded at Banks' Ford. Bates, Lewis, Fayston ; transferred to in- valid corps. Boyce, Nelson, Fayston ; transferred to in- valid corps. Burnham, Martin ; transferred to the U. S. Army, from Williamstown. Collins, Daniel, Moretown ; transferred to invalid corps. Rock, Joseph, Nortlifield ; transferred to invalid corps. McDonald, Michael, not stating where from ; transferred to invalid corps. Shonnio, Geo., Duxbury; transferred to invalid corps ; killed in action. Buzzell, Ezekiel, Moretown ; killed at Savage Station, June 30, '62. Craig, Wm., Orange; killed at Funkstown, July 10, '63. Murray, James R., Moretown; killed at Savage Station, June 30, '61. Shedrick, Geo., Lincoln; killed at Savage Station, June 30, '62, beloved by all the Company. Hathaway, Wm. H., died Sept. 12, '63; Co. B. 13th. Foster, Wilber, Co. D, 2d Vt. Vols; died Feb. 21, '63. Foster, Leonard R., Co. B, loth Vt. Vols. ; killed at Cedar Creek, Oct. 19, '64. Engagements tJie Company were in. — Lee's Mills, Va., Apr. 16, '62; Williams- burg, Va., May 5, '62 ; Golden's Town, Va., June 27; Savage Station, Va., June 27 ; White Oak Swamp, Va., June 30; South Mountain, Md., Sept. 14; Antietam, Md., Sept. 17; Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. II to 15; Mary's Heights, May 3, '63; Banks' Ford, May 4, '63 ; Fredericksburg, June 6, '63; Gettysburg, Pa., July 2d and 3d, '63; Funkstown, Md., July 10, '63; Rappahannock Station, Va., Nov. 7, '63; Locust Grove, Nov. 27, '63. Discharged for Wounds. — George A. Jones, wounded at White Oak Swamp, July I, '62; James Keer, wounded at An- tietam ; Andrew J. Slayton, not stated what discharged for; Chas. E. Spaulding, Chester P. Streeter, George Somerville, James Sweeney, Albert Williams. MORETOWN. 6ii Deserters. — Jewell S. Eddy, George C Welton, William Mills, James Wemes. 2d Brigade, 2d Division 6th Army Corps, Co. G. Officers. Captain, Edward R. Kinney ; promoted from 1st lieut., Co. I, June 30, '63. 1st Lieutenant, Charles C. Backus ; promoted serg't. to 2d lieut., and to ist lieut., Nov. I, "62. Captain, W. H. H. Hall; resigned Apr. 30, ''62. Captain, L. M. Tubbs ; promoted from lieut., Co. B, June 14, '62 ; resigned June 20, '63. 1st Lieutenant, Alfred M. Nevens ; died May 2, '62, of wounds received at Lee's Mills ; buried in the cemetery at the village in Moretown. 1st Lieutenant, Benoni B. Fullam, pro- moted from serg't. major June 14, '62 ; dismissed Oct. 25, '62. 2d Lieutenant, Edwin C. Lewis ; re- signed '62. 2d. Lieutenant, Edwin C. Joslyn ; pro- moted from private, Co. D, Dec. 7, '62 ; pro. to 1st, Co. D, F'eb. 3, '63. 2d Lieutenant, Fred D. Kimball ; pro- moted from Co. D, Feb. 3, '63 ; wounded July 16, '63 ; discharged Oct. 22, '63. Sergeants. — ist, George F. Wilson, vet- eran, from Northfield, killed at Gaines' Farm, June i, '64; Henry C. Backus, Fayston ; Wm. M. Cleaveland, Hancock, a very brave soldier, killed at the battle of the Wilderness, Va., May 6, '64; Ernest E. Burroughs, wounded July 10, '63, at Funkstown, Md., killed at Gaines' Farm, June I, '64; James Harriman, wounded at battle of Wilderness, Va.,May 6, '64; ist, Oscar G. Kelsey, Warren, died July 10, '62, of wounds received at Gould's Farm ; 1st, John F. Jones, Waitsfield, discharged Apr. 16, '63 ; Charles C. Backus, promoted to 2d lieut. June 12, '62. Corporals. — Leman J. Holden, Hard- wick; John Lee, Jr., Middlesex ; Hiram Goodspeed, Warren ; Charles P. Divoll, Topsham, died June i, '64, of wounds re- ceived at battle of the Wilderness, Va. ; Frank A. Trask, Warren ; Aaron Goss, Moretown, promoted from private Dec. 28, '63, by order of regimental officers; Bertram D. Campbell, Waitsfield, died of measles; Wm. H. Smith, Waitsfield, died of measles, Dec. '61; Merrill H. Pucklin, Warren, died of chronic diarrhoea ; Oscar J. Moore, Lincoln. Musiciaris. — John Devine, fifer, veteran, from Middlesex ; Michael P. Eagan, drum- mer, Moretown ; Caleb Heath, drummer, discharged; David C. Holt, fifer, dis- charged ; Charles Franklin, Barre, team- ster; C. C. Armington, Duxbury, pioneer and general laborer. Privates Discharged. — George A. Jones, Northfield, wounded at White Oak Swamp, Va., July I, '62; James Keer, Hancock, wounded at Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. The following not stated where from : Alonzo Lane, Andrew J. Slayton, Charles E. Spaulding, Chester P. Streeter, Geo. Somerville, James Sweeney, Albert Wil- liams. Soldiers buried in Moretown. — Those be- longing to other organizations, who died and are buried in town : Osman G. Clark, died July 11, '64, of chronic diarrhoea ; Co. B, loth Vt. Vols. Died of Diseases. — Wm. H. Allard, Mar. 15, '64; Newell Antoine, Sept. '62; W. H. H. Badger, Feb. 12, '63 ; Jonathan Boyden, June 20, '62; Edwin J. Chase, Feb. 4, '62 ; Edwin Canfield, Aug. '62 ; W. N. S. Clariin, died May 20, '63, of wounds received at Banks' Ford, May 4, '63 ; Morris L. Divoll, Dec. 28, '62 ; Dexter M. Davis, Jan. '62; Geo. Sawyer, Jr., Dec. 7, '62 ; Manley Hoyt, June, '62 ; Nathaniel Shattuck, April, '62 ; Oramel Turner, July 28, '62 ; Harry H. Wright, Feb. '65, all of typhoid fever. Discharged for Disability. — Albert Ains- worth, Henry Balch, Emerson E. Davis, Michael Donovan, Goin Bailey Evans, Charles Freeman, Lewis Goodell, JohnH. Oilman, Horace Hall, Jarvis C. Harris, Hiram B. Howland, Allen Mahuran, Wm. Mills, Wm. F. Moore; Henry Newton, Angus G. Nicholson, Peter Pero, Harrison Persons, Edwin Phillips, promoted to assistant surgeon, 4th Vt. Vols. ; Seth T. Porter. [The places of residence do not appear on the register.] 6l2 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. NORTHFIELD. BY EEV. JOHN GREGORY. [Conipiled from his Historv of Nortlifield, pub- lished ill 1878.] This town is situated in the southern part of Washington County, lo miles from Montpelier, lat. 44° 8', long. 4° 25' ; and very near the center of the town is the geographical center of the State. The original town was chartered Aug. 10, 1781, to Maj. Joel Matthews and his associates, and contained 18,518 acres. A tract of land from the east part of VVaitsfield, con- taining 6000 acres, was annexed to North- field Nov. 7, 1822. Five equal shares or rights were reserved to the use of the pub- lic, and the grants were conditioned that each proprietor should, " within the term of three years next after the circumstances of the war will admit of it with safety," " plant and cultivate 5 acres of land, and build a house at least 18 foot square on the floor, or have one family settled on each right, on pain of forfeiture of his share." The first proprietors' meeting was held in Hartford, Vt., Nov. 11, 1783. The proprietors met at diiferent times at Wind- sor, Hartland and Pomfret, also, till 1794, when the town had sufficient settlers to take care of itself at home. The township appears to have been first surveyed by Marston Cabot, from the vote at one of the proprietors' meetings. Voted that Mr. Marston Cabot be al- lowed 27 days in surveying Northfield. i s. At gs I per day - - - - 12. 3. And 1 8s expense money - - o. 18. And for three gallons of West India rum at 8 | per gal. and one of New England ditto at 5 I 6 per gallon, - - i, 9. 6 14. 10. 6 PROPRIETORS OF NORTHFIELD as they stand in the charter, with the num- ber of each proprietor's lot, and the range it was in ; the first figure after the name for the lot, the second for the range ; the lots having been drawn by Mr. Cabot as the law directed, beginning with the first in the charter : Major Joel Matthews, 10, 6; Captain William Gallup, i, i ; Michael Flinn, 7, D. o o 2 ; Oliver Williams, 4, 5 ; Amos Bicknal, 6, 7 ; Benjamin Cox, 2,3; Zebulon Lyon, 1, 5; Timothy Grow, 7, i ; Benjamin Em- mons, 8, 5; Steel Smith, 3, 6; Samuel Smith, 10, 5 ; Samuel Patrick, 9, 4; Ze- bina Curtis, 5, i ; Elias Taylor, 3, 2 Ebenezer Smith, 9,3; John Smith, 10, i Elisha Smith, 1,2; Edward Hazen, 8, 2 John W. Dana, 6, 5 ; Zebulon Lee, 8, i Sylvester Smith, 2, 4; James Cady, 5, 2 Joel English, i, 7; Resolved Sessions, 8, Edmund Hodges, 6, 3 ; Abel Emmonds, 6,6; Thomas Chittenden, 10, 2; Joseph Parkhurst, 7, 5 ; Calvin Parkhurst, 3, 3 ; Moses Kimball, 8, 7 ; Ebenezer Parkhurst, 3, I ; William Andrews, 4, 4 ; James An- drews, 2, 6 ; Paul Spooner, 8, 6 ; Amasa Spooner, 10, i ; Jeremiah Richardson, 2, I ; Daniel Gilbert, 7, 6; Amos Robinson, 9, 6 ; Elias Thomas, 5, 6 ; Ebenezer Miller, 7, 7; George Dennison, 2, 2; Barnabas Strong, 5, 3 ; John Throop, 7, 3 ; Beriah Green, 1,3; Joseph Kimball, 3, 5 ; Oliver Gallup, 1,4; John Payne of Pomfret, 8, 4 ; Amasa Payne, 3, 4 ; Elijah Payne, 9, 2 ; Ja- cob Clark, 5, 5 ; Abida Smith,4, 7 ; Barkus Green, 2, 7; Elisha Smith, B. A., 9, i ; David Fuller, 6, 4; William Gallup, Jr., 2, 3 ; Jesse Safford, 4, 6 ; Thomas Lawton, 4, 2 ; Willys Hall 4, i ; Samuel Matthews, 6, I ; Benjamin Burtch, 2, 5 ; Oliver Tay- lor, 5, 7; John Sergeants, 1,8; Phineas Williams, 10, 4; Sbubal Child, 6, 2; Pe- rias Gallup, 9, 5 ; College Right, 3, 7 ; Right for the County Grammar School, 7, 4; First settled Minister's Right, i, 6; Right for the support of the Ministry, 2, 8 ; Town School right, 5, 4. The first land cleared in town was by Elijah Paine, some time previous to the first settlement, which was made in May, 1785, by Amos Robinson and others from Westminster, Vt. THE FIRST TOWN MEETING was called by jDetition from a number of respectable inhabitants of Northfield, by Cornelius Lynde, Esq., of Williamstown, to meet at the house of Dr. Nathaniel Robinson, who lived a little N. W. of what is now the poor-farm. Said meeting was holden March 12, 1794, Cornelius Lynde Esq. moderator, at which the following NORTHFIELD. 613 first board of town officers were chosen ; Nathaniel Robinson, town clerk ; Stanton Richardson, Amos Robinson, Ezekiel Rob- inson, selectmen ; David Denny, consta- ble : William Ashcroft, Stanton Richard- son, Ezekiel Robinson, listers ; David Tenny, collector of taxes ; Aquillo Jones, Samuel Richardson, highway surveyors. EARLY HARMONY IN POLITICS. The first votes were cast in Northfield for Governor, Isaac Tichenor, Lieut. Gover- nor, Paul Brigham, treasurer, Samuel Mat- tocks, and 12 councillors, Samuel Spaflford and others, in 1800, for each one, 12 votes, which must have been near the number if not all the legal voters at that time in town. In 1801, three school districts made re- turns of the number of scholars that at- tended school within their limits. In No. I, the Loomis district now, Ebenezer Fox sent I, John Coales i, James Paul 3, Da- vid Hedges 2, Ithamer Allen 6, Ezekiel Pierce 4, William Tubbs 3. In district No. 2, in the Robinson neigh- borhood, — the principal part of the town at that early day — John Kathan sent r, William Coales 2, Aquillo Jones 2, Amos Robinson 6, Ezekiel Robinson 5, Nathan- iel Robinson 6, Abraham Shipman 3, Oli- ver Cobleigh 2, John Emerson 3, Abel Keyes 3, William Ashcroft 5, Justus Burn- ham 2. In district No. 3, — the school-house be- ing on the main road to South Village, near where Mr. Guild now lives — Stanton Richardson sent 5, Samuel Richardson 5, Eliphas Shipman 5, Isaac Lynde 4, Isaiah Bacon 5, Amos Starkweather 3, Thomas French 2, Justus Burnham 2, Roswell Car- penter I, Elisha Brown i, and two years later, in district No. 4, — what is called South Village — Isaac Lynde sent 5 schol- ars, Eliphas Shipman 5, Amos Starkweath- er 2, David Denny 5, Justus Burnham 4, EHsha Brown i, being a return of 118 scholars in these 4 districts ; and showing besides, who were early settlers in these neighborhoods ; and all these men were laborers, and earnest laborers, and happy withal. The noble men of that day knew they could not grow rich without industry, and valiantly did they make the wilderness resound with the echoes of toil, as the tall old trees came crashing down upon the right hand and left, laid low by the sturdy woodman's axe! Even with their priva- tions, they were measurably comfortable and happy. TOWN OFFICERS, MAR. 7, 1826. Amos Robinson, moderator ; voted that the meeting be opened with prayer ; Eli- jah Smith, Jr., town clerk; Elijah Burn- ham, John Mead, Charles Paine, select- men ; Albigence Ainsworth, Elijah Smith, Jr., Jesse Averill, Harry Ainsworth, list- ers ; John Starkweather, constable and collector of taxes ; John Fiske, grand juror; William Jones, Amos Robinson, Joel Winch, Michael Shaw, Wm. Wales, Jr., Alva Henry, Curtis Wright, excused ; Hezekiah Williams, Samuel Dunsmoor, Titus Rice, Wm. Case, Horace Fullerton, Elijah Smith, Jr., John Fiske, Jacob Ami- don, highway surveyors ; Jacob Keyes, Oliver Averill, John Braley, fence view- ers ; John West, pound keeper (excused), David Robinson chosen ; Elijah Smith, Jr., sealer of leather ; Joseph Keyes, sealer of weights and measures ; David Stiles, Jus- tus Burnham, Asa Sprout, tything men ; (Asa Sprout excused) ; Justus Burnham, Suel Keyes, James Nichols, John White, Albert Stevens, haywards ; Nathaniel Jones, Amos Robinson, John West, com- mittee to settle with overseer of the poor ; Oliver Averill, Henry Knapp, committee to settle with treasurer; John Fiske, over- seer of the poor ; William Cochran, Na- thaniel Jones, Samuel Whitney, Oliver Averill, Henry Emerson, committee to divide the ministerial money; Wm. Coch- rane (excused) — chose Elijah Smith ;— Amos Robinson, Nathan Green, David M. Lane, Nathaniel Jones, Benjamin Fiske, Joseph Williams, Jesse Averill, Eleazer Loomis, Daniel D. Robinson, Samuel Dole, John West, Albigence Ainsworth, Ezekiel Robinson, Anson Adams, Joel Winch, Oliver Averill, John White, Abel Keyes, petit jurors ; voted to annex the highway districts in which Roswell Car- penter and Oliver Averill live ; chose Seth P. Field, district committee. Elijah Smith, Jr. Town Clerk. 6i4 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. REPRESENTATIVES. From 1794, when the town, was organ- ized, until 1801, no representatives were chosen : 1808-09-1 1-14, Amos Robinson ; 1810-15-17, Gilbert Hatch; 1818-19, Abraham Shipman ; 1820-21, Josiah B. Strong; 1822-23, Joel Winch; 1824-25, Abel Keyes ; 1826-27, John Starkweather ; 1828-29, Charles Paine ; 1830-31, Lebbeus Bennett; 1832-33, John Averill ; 1834, David Robinson ; 1835-41-53-54-61, Mo- ses Robinson ; 1836, Anson Adams ; 1837 -39, Jesse Averill ; 1840, Lebbeus Ben- nett ; 1842, Nathan Morse; 1843, David W. Hadley; 1844, John L. Buck; 1845- 46-73, David W. Hadley; 1847-48, He- man Carpenter; 1849, George B. Pierce; 1850-51, John Gregory; 1852, no choice; 1855-56, Wilbur F. Woodworth ; 1857- 58, Isaac B. Howe; 1859-60, Jasper H. Orcutt ; 1862, Edward F. Perkins; 1863, Charles Barrett; 1864, George M. Fiske ; 1865-66, Samuel Keith; 1867-68, Edwin K. Jones; 1869, George B. Warner; 1872 -73, Edmund Pope; 1874-5, Elbridge G. Pierce; 1876-77 — [representatives, other town officers and matters in regard to the early and present civil history of this town — completed by Joseph K. Egerton] — 1878-9, no representative ; 1880-81, N. E. Dewey. STATE SENATORS FROM NORTHFIELD. 1846-47, Moses Robinson ; 1856-57, John Gregory ; 1862-63, Philander D. Bradford ; 1866-68, Jasper H. Orcutt; 1870-73, Heman Carpenter. SELECTMEN 1 794 TO 1878. Stanton Richardsoii, 1794, 96, 97, 1802, II, 12; Amos Robinson, 1794, 95, 1810; Ezekiel Robinson, 1794, 95, 99, 1803, 04, II, 15; David Denny, 1795,98, 1800, 03, 04, 06; James Paul, 1796, 97, 1805 ; Will- iam Ashcroft, 1796; Oliver Cobleigh, 1797, 98, 99. 1800 ; Aaron Partridge, 1798 ; Abraham Shipman, 1799, 1800, 01, 05, 06, 07, 13, 15; Ithamer Allen ,1802, 03, 04; Nathaniel Robinson, 1801, 02: Dan- iel Edson, 1805 ; Elijah Smith, 1806, 13, 18, Joseph Nichols, 1807, 09; Charles Jones, 1807, 17; Gilbert Hatch, 1808, 09, 10, 17, 20, 27; Joseph Slade, 1808; Thos. Slade, 1808; William Jones, 1809, 12; James Morgan, 1810, 14; Oliver Averill, 1811, 12, 19,40; Charles Jones, 1813, 19; Amos Brown, 1814; Seth Smith, 1814; Jesse Averill, 1815, 16, 17, 20, 21, 27, 28, 3O' 31 ' 33> 35> 36, 40; Eleazer Loomis, 1816 ; Joseph R. Williams, 1816, 1819, 21, 22; Nathaniel Jones, 1818, 20; Richard Hedges, 1821, 22; Joel Winch, 1823, 48; David M. Lane, 1823, 24, 27; Elijah Burnham, 1824, 25, 26, 28, 33, 35, 2,7, 38; Daniel Parker, 1823 ; Abel Keyes, 1824, 25; Benjamin Fiske, 1825; John West, 1826,29; Charles Paine, 1826, 30, 31; Anson Adams, 1828, 29; Daniel D. Rob- inson, 1829; Joel Brown, 1830; Erastus Parker, 1831 ; Harry Ainsworth, 1832; David Partridge, 1832; John Averill, 1832, 33; Jason Eaton, 1834; Samuel Fiske, 1834, 47; Eleazer Nichols, 1834; Joel Parker, Jr., 1835 ; David W. Hadley, 1836, 40,41,42, 43,44,45,46,55, 56,58, 59,63, 64,70, 71, 72, 74, 75; Hiram Dwinell, 1836, 43 ; Samuel U. Richmond, 1837, 38, 39, 51, 52, 57, 60, 61 ; James H. Johnson,- 1837 ; Lebbeus Bennett, 1838, 39 ; Nathan Morse, 1841,43,44,45,47,48,49,53, 54; Nathaniel King, Jr., 1841, 42, 44; Luther S. Burnham, 1842 ; Moses Robinson, 1845, 48, 49, 50, to 51, 58, 59 ; James Pal- mer, 1846; Emanuel Sawyer, 1847; Ara V. Rawson, 1849, 50 ; Anson Munson, 1850 ; Heman Carpenter, 1851, 52 ; Marvin Simons, 1853 to 58, 60, 64, 65, 67 ; Aaron D. Metcalf, 1857 ; F. A. Preston, 1858, 59 ; C. Woodbury, i860, 61, 62 ; A. J. William Braley, 1862 ; I, W. Brown, 1863, 64 ; A. S. Williams, 1864; J. H. Orcutt, 1865-67; E. K. Jones, 1865 to 67 ; William Winch, 1868, 69; Samuel Keith, 1868, 69; Reu- ben Smith, 1868; Joseph Gould, 1869; Edmund Pope, 1870-71 ; D. T. Averill, 1870-71 ; George Nichols, 1872, jt,, 76-78 ; E. C. Fiske, 1872, J2>'-' John A. Kent, 1873 ; E. K. Jones, 1874-75 ; O. D. Ed- gerton, 1874, 75; James Morse, R. W. Clark, 1876-82; J. H. Rawson, 1879, 82; Fred. Parker, 1880, 82. GRAND LIST 1794-1882. 1794. 295^, 5s.; 1795, 671^, 15s.; 1796, 433 £, los. ; 1797, $1,738-35 ; 1/98, $2,126.75; 1799, $2,051.47; 1800, $2,776.- 74; 1801, $3,000.96; 1802, $3,153.16; NORTHFIELD. 615 1803, $3,230.88; 1804, $3,808.92; 1805, $4,201.84; 1806, $4,391.31 ; 1807, $5,203.- 15; 1808, $5,285.75; 1809, $5,632.34; 1810, $5,907.32; 1811, $5,735; 1812, $5,942.65 ; 1813, $6,027.83 ; 1814, $6,147.- 12; 1815, $6,238.50; 1816, $6,267.25; 1817, $6,607.50; 1818, $6,003; 1819, $6,994; 1820, $7,441.96; 1821, $6,748.54; 1822, $5,305.42; 1823, $6,458.84; 1824, $8,036.56; 1825, $7,701.75; 1826, $6,480. - 99; 1827, $6,802.95; 1828, $5,635.23; 1829, $7,620.02; 1830, $8,159.95; 1831, $8,064.12; 1832, $9,743.80; 1833, $9,977.- 66; 1834, $10,197.18; 1835, $10,270.20; 1836, $11,017.97; 1837, $11,337.17; 1838, $11,280.80; 1839, $11,341-82; 1840, $11,- 821.52; 1841, $12,834.74; 1842, $3,906.23; 1843, $4,281.25; 1844, $4,226.36; 1845, $4,286.80; 1846, $4,400.32 ; 1847, $4,776. - 50; 1848, $4,744.70; 1849, $5,035-96; 1850, $5,205.05; 1851, $5,440.07; 1852, $7,408. 16; $1853, $7, 341. 28; 1854, $7,857.- 09; 1855, $8,285.97; 1856, $8,144.97; 1857, $8,187.71; 1858, $8,848.12; 1859, $8,848.12; i860, $8,695.70; 1861, $8,875.- 94; 1862, $8,798.42; 1863, $8,642.08; 1864, $8,569.26; 1865, $8,467.30; 1866, $8,428.48 ; 1867, $9,041.37 ; 1868, $9,212.- 45; 1869, $9,415.70; 1870, $8,148.32; 1871, $9,422.20; 1872, $9,288.33; 1873, $8,640.40; 1874, $8,569.04; 1875, $8,314. - 37; 1876, $8,871.14; 1877, $8,561.91; 1878, $8,530.57; 1879, $7,589-15; 1880, $7,440.16; 1881, $11,788.02; acres, 24,480 Number of legal voters, 1880, 800 ; popu- lation, 2,836; grand list in 1881, $11,788.02; town trea.«urer, G. B. B. Denny ; consta- ble, F. W. Gold ; sup't of schools, Chas. Dole ; overseer of goor, F. A. Preston ; town agent, John P. Davis. LISTERS 1 794- 1 882. Stanton Richardson, 1794, 95, 96, 97; Ezekiel Robin.son, 1794, 1803, 10; William Ashcroft, 1795,96; Ezekiel Pierce, 1795, 96, 1802; Nathaniel Robinson, 1797; Samuel Pierce, 1797; David Denny, 1798; Abel Keyes, 1768, 1807; James Paul, 1798, 1803; Aaron Partridge, 1799; Oli- ver Cobleigh, 1799, 1800, 02, 04, 08, og ; Abraham Shipman, John Emerson, 1800; Elisha Brown, 1800, 1804, 05 ; Amos Rob- inson, 1804, 06, 28; Gilbert Hatch, 1801, 03; Ethan Allen, 1804, 05, 11; Joseph Nichols, 1806, 07, 08, 09; James Morgan, 1806; Charles Jones, 1807, 09, 12; Na- thaniel Richardson, 18 10, 11, 31; Jesse Averill, 181 1, 18, 26, 37, 45 ; Gilbert Hatch, 181 1, 12, 14, 16, 18; Seth Smith, 1812; Oliver Averill, 1813, 14, 17; Nathaniel Jones, 1813, 15, 27 ; Eleazer Loomis, 1814, 15, 27, Solomon Dunham, 1815; Thomas Slade, 1816; Nathaniel Green, 1816, 20; Josiah B. Strong, 1817, 18; Dyer Loomis, 1817; John Starkweather, 1819, 21,22; Elijah Smith, Jr., 1819, 26; Daniel D. Robinson, 1819, 23, 28; John Hinckley, 1820, 21; James Morgan, 1820; Charles Jones, 1821 ; Charles Paine, 1822, 23, 28; Joseph Keyes, 1822; Joseph Williams, 1823, 27; Benjamin Porter, 1824; Sam- uel Gilson, 1824, 25 ; Henry Knapp, 1825 ; John West, 1824, 25; David M. Lane, Harry Ainsworth, 1826, 29; Elijah Smith, 1829; John Averill, 1829, 35, 38 ; John L, Buck, Erastus Parker, Allen Patch, 1830; David Partridge, 1831 ; Daniel Parker, Jr., 1831 ; Elijah Smith, Jr., 1832, 35, 36, 37; Elijah Burnham, 1832; Joel Winch, 1832, 34, 36, 42, 65, 66; George K. Cobleigh, ^^33y 34; Samuel Denny, 1833, 34; Nu- man R. Dryer, 1834, 36 : David W. Hadley, 1835, 39; David Robinson, 1837, 38; John Starkweather, 1838 ; Hiram Dwinell, 1839; Moses Robinson, 1839, 4°, 4^, 43. 44, 47, 48, 49, 57, 59. 61, 62, 63, 64 ; Sam- uel N. Richmond, 1840, 41, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 52, 53; Harvey Tilden, 1841, 43; Na- than Morse, 1842; James Gould, 1843; William Nichols, 1844, 52, 57; Daniel P. King, 1844, 46, 48; Marvin Simonds, 1845, 51, 52,54, 58; G. P. Randall, 1846; Moses Thurston, 1847 ; D. W. Hadley, 1849, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 60; Richard H. Litde, 1849; Joseph Denney, Joseph Gould, Hiram Henry, 1850; William Gold, Jr., 1851,52, 56; Henry Jones, Jr., 1854; A. D. Metcalf, 1855, 74; F. A. Preston, 1855, 56, 57, 59, 60; William C. Woodbu- ry, 1858, 64; E. B. Pride, 1858; D. S. Burnham, 1859; George Robinson, i860; L W. Brown, 1861,62; Freeman Thresh- er, 1861, 62, 63, 77 ; A. D. Metcalf, 1863 ; J. C. Gallup, 1864, 65, 66, 74, 78; Wil- liam H. Loomis, 1865, 66; George Nich- 6i6 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ols, 1867, 70, 71 ; William S. Smith, 1867 ; William Gold, 1868; A. A. Preston, 1868, 69, 75; William R. Tucker, 1868, 69; T. L. Salisbury, 1869; F. S. Kimball, 1870; Fred Parker, 1871, 72,76; Ira A. Holton, 1871, 72, 73, 74, 75 ; William H. Loomis, 1872; Royal Clark, 1873; James Morse, 1873, 74; Royal W. Clark, 1874; Francis Wright, 1875; E. H. Howes, 1876, T] \ O. P. Winch, 1876; J. H. Ransom, 1877; John L. Mosely, C. A. Tracy, 1878 ; C. B. Tilden, E. C. Fiske, 1879, 80; Fiee- man Thresher, 1879 ; E. H. Howes, 1880; J. A. Holton, J. C. Gallup, Andrew Doty, 1881. TOWN CLERKS FROM 1794- Nathaniel Robinson, Gilbert Hatch, Eli- jah Smith, Volney H. Averill, C. A. Edg- erton, Geo. B. B. Denny. POSTMASTERS. Oliver Averill, John E. McClure, Volney H. Averill, Elijah Smith, J. A. S. White, Wm. Rogers, Francis V. Randall, James Currier, Roswell Dewey, Geo. W. Soper, J. H. Orcutt. COUNTY OFFICERS. John Starkweather, I. W. Brown, high sheriffs ; John L. Buck, Heman Carpenter, C. H. Joyce, Frank Plumley, state's att'ys ; Nathan Morse, D. W. Hadley, side judges ; H. Carpenter, judge of probate; D. T. Averill, high bailiff. LAWYERS who have practiced in this town to 1878: John L. Buck, B. F. Chamberlain, Heman Carpenter, F. V. Randall, A. V. H. Car- penter, A. C. May, Charles H. Joyce, Geo. M. Fisk, C. N. Carpenter, James N. John- son, E. J. McWain, Frank Plumley, C. D. Joslyn, Cyrus M. Johnston. Lawyers since Gregory's book — F. R. Bates, D. Webster, B. F. Chamberlin, Edward Farr. PHYSICIANS. Nathaniel Robinson, Jeptha White, Ben- jamin Porter, Julius Easterbrook, John Work, Clifton Claggett, NumanR. Dryer, Samuel W. Thayer, Washington Cochran, Jared Barrett, Edward H. Williams, Joshua B. Smith, George Nichols, Edwin Porter, P. D. Bradford, Samuel Keith, M. Mc- Clearn, Daniel Bates, P. E. O. Chase, S. H. Colburn, M. F. Styles, G. W. Colton, J. Draper, H. C. Brigham, Leonard Thresher, W. B. Mayo, O. O. Davis, L. W. Hanson, J. H. Winch, Green. THE PAPER CARRIER. Henry Dewey,' of Randolph, was the first regular paper carrier for this town, by bringing the weekly news, and Ambrose Nichols, the second. The paper carrier was always a welcome visitor. When the tin horn sounded his approach, the chil- dren were on tip-toe, and would rush out to the highway to get their papers, which were read with great avidity. A paper once a week was considered a very great blessing. NORTHFIELD IN THO.MPSON'S GAZETTEER, (1824.) There were considerable revivals of re- ligion here in 1802, 1807, 1811 and 1821. There are three ordained preachers : Elder Joel Winch and Nathan B. Ashcroft, Meth- odists, and Elder James Morgan, Freewill Baptist. The epidemic of i8ii-'i2 was very mortal here, and the dysentery swept off about 30 children in this town in the fall of 1823. The physicians are Benjamin Porter and Julius Easterbrook. The prin- cipal stream in this town is Dog river, which runs through it in a northerly di- rection, and affords a great number of val- uable mill-privileges. A range of argilla- ceous slate passes through the township from south to north. The surface is con- siderably uneven, but it forms a convenient centre, in which is a small village, contain- ing a meeting-house, one tavern, two stores, one saddler, one hatter, two black- smith shops, one physician, . one tannery, and 17 dwelling-houses. This is a place of some business, and is rapidly increas- ing. The second house was erected in this village in 18 14. There is a small village \h miles south of the one above mentioned, containing 2 saw-mills, i grist and I fulling-mill, i carding-machine, i cider-mill and several machine-shops. One mile north of the meeting-house (Depot Village) is an extensive woolen-factory, containing 230 spindles and 8 looms. There are also here some other mills and machinery. There are in town 9 school- districts, 7 school-houses, i company of NORTHFIELD. 617 militia, i of artillery, 8 saw, 3 grist and 2 fulling-mills, I carding-machine, i woolen- factory, 2 stores, 2 taverns, 2 tanneries and 4 blacksmith shops. BRIEF BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES of the first settlers and most prominent citizens of Northfield, from 1785 to 1878, condensed from Mr. Gregory's History, page 58 to 251, inclusive. Mr. Gregory's volume is 8vo. pp. 319. The preceding part of this paper is the summary of the town history contained in its first 57 pages. JOHN Gregory's toast at the Northfield centennial day dinner. The 4th of July, 1876: The early settlers of Nortlifield: — Prompted by their love of freedom, strong in the ambition of their manhood, and clad in the garb of truth and morality, they sought amid the wilds of Vermont a home for themselves, and for those who should come after them. Through their efforts the wilderness was made to blossom as the rose, and the fruits of their labors are to us a priceless inheritance. AMOS ROBINSON, born in Providence, R. I., Aug. 19, 1762; next to Elijah Paine, was the most influen- tial man of that early day ; made the first settlement. May, 1785, where his son, Hon. Moses Robinson, now lives (1878). He was the first representative of the town, re-elected 13 successive years, with the exception of 181 o; justice of the peace many years, and was a large-hearted, hon- orable man, well-qualified for a leader in a new settlement. He induced a number of his relatives and friends to move from Westminster, Vt. to this town. He mar- ried for his first wife Batheny Jones, chil- dren : Polly, b 1786 ; Kezia, b 1787 ; Amos, b 1789; Patty, b 1791 ; Alman, b 1794; Judge, b 1795; Loretta, b 1796; Elijah, b 1799. He married for his second wife Mrs. Submit Holden ; children : Moses, b 1804 ; Sophronia, b 1810; Caroline, b 181 5. Mr. Robinson died Mar. 13, 1840. Kezia Robinson, daughter of Amos and Batheny, was the first child born in Northfield. She married Ira Sherman, of Waterbury, and died in 1877. H.on Moses Robinson, son of Amos, who lived on the old homestead, held 78 many town offices, and was State Senator in 1846-7. He died Apr. 22, 1881. Judge Robinson, another son of Amos, settled near the Roxbury line ; was a farmer. col. EZEKIEL ROBINSON, brother of Amos, born in Providence, R. I., July 15, 1764, came from Westminster, May, 1785, nearly 10 years before the town was organized, and settled on the farm now occupied by John Henry, on the East Hill. He was moderator, selectman, col- lector, &c. He married Dinah Doubleday, born in Palmer, Mass., April 28, 1764. Mrs. Erastus Parker, a daughter of Col. Ezekiel, of Waterbury, says, "I have heard father and mother tell much about their living in a log house without a board or door about it, until they had 2 children ; when the first was born, Jan. 26, 1788, father went over the hills of deep snow, with snow shoes and a hand sled, almost down to Farewell village, 9 miles, to get a midwife. She went home with him, some of the way on a sled, and some on foot." "I was quite young, but remember the talk about father being called a ' Fed,' and Uncle Amos Robinson a ' Whig.' Father held the common offices in town, and was a surveyor through all its early history. He used to take large pieces of peeled hem- lock bark for his bed, and make a rousing fire to keep the wolves off — they used to follow him home, many a time close to his horse's heels. The bears were kept from the cabin the same way, by great fires." They had 7 children: Lucinda, b 1788; Daniel, b 1789; Reuben, b 1791 ; Sylva- nus, b 1793 ; Anna, b 1796 ; David, b 1799 ; Weltha, b 1806. All born in Northfield. Mr. Robinson died in 1834 ; Mrs. Rob- inson died in 185 1. DR. NATHANIEL ROBINSON, brother of Amos, came to Northfield soon after him, and settled on East Hill. The first town meeting, and town meetings fre- quently after, were held at his house. He was a very good physician, and the first one that practiced in town ; and first town clerk, and held the office until he died, and was frequently elected to other offices, and decidedly popular with the people. He married Lucy Cushman ; they had 8 chil- 6i8 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. dren: Lydia, b 1784; Peggy, b 1786; Bet- sey, b 1789; Nathaniel, b 1791 ; Lucy, b 1794; Philetus, b 1797; Weltha, b 1800; Adaline, b 1802. All born in Northfield, except Lydia and Peggy, in Westminster. Mr. Robinson died in 1813, with the measles. DAVID ROBINSON, son of Col. Ezekiel, born in 1799- Begin- ning life as a farmer, with comparatively nothing, his industry and economy led him to engage in the first manufacturing inter- ests of the Falls Village, with James Gould, Walter Little, and David Fletcher, about 1835. They made woolen goods. The business was a success, when he died, at the age of 42. He was in independent cir- cumstances, and honored as a man of ster- ling integrity. He married Sarah Denny of Northfield, in 1820. They had 10 chil- dren : George, Mary, Ezekiel, Charles, John, Martin, Ezekiel 2d, Franklin, Sarah Ellen and David. George, son of David, was for a time in trade with Joseph Denny, at the Centre Village, later carried on himself the same business there and at the Depot Village. He was agent and one of the company of the Brookfield Fork Factory. Mrs. Rob- inson died in 1866. Mr. Robinson moved in 1867, and now resides, with his daugh- ters, in Fairbault, Minn., and is engaged in the grain trade. THOMAS AVERILL, SR., born in Westminster, 1745, and his wife, Elizabeth, a sister of Amos Robinson, came from Westminster here, with his two sons, Jesse and John, in 1805. Oliver, another son, came 2 years later. They settled on the East Hill, the only part of the town much settled, but a little distance from the first clearing, and were all enter- prising farmers. Mr. Averill was a man well calculated for a pioneer settlement, but terribly afflicted with that awful dis- ease cancer, which shortened his days. His house was used occasionally for town meetings. Children : John, b 1775 i Betsey, b 1777 ; Amos, b 1779; Oliver, b 1782; Nabbie, b 1784; Jesse, b 1786; Lucy, b 1788; Lavi- na, b 1790 ; John, b 1794 ; Keziah, b 1798. Mr. Averill died in 1823, aged 78 years ; Mrs. Averill in 1840, aged 88. col. OLIVER AVERILL, after living on the East Hill a number of years, farming and blacksmithing, removed to the Center village, engaging in the same business. He was a public spirited man, and received many town offices. He was town treasurer many times, and such was the unbounded confidence his fellow towns- men reposed in him that they did not re- quire a bondsman. He was postmaster also many years, holding the office until 1842. He was a characteristic man, of a ner- vous temperament, and very decisive. He did not wait for others to form an opinion before he expressed his on politics or any particular subject ; but he was a man of whom it might be said, "in him there was no guile :" and in his old age was remark- ably active, and retained his natural buoy- ancy of spirit almost to the close of his life. He married Polly Hopkins, born Mar. 7, 1780; they had 4children. Their son, Volney H., was many years town clerk. His children were: Volney H., b 1804, died 1871 ; Riley, b 1807, died 1863; Rolan, b 1813; Mary, b 1824; all in Northfield, except Volney H.. in West- minster. Mr. Averill died Apr. 11, 1870, aged 88; Mrs. Averill Oct, 5, 1847, aged 67. CAPTAIN JESSE AVERILL. No man in this town had more to do with its public business from 1815 to 1840. He held almost every office that the town could confer upon him, selectman, represen- tative, justice ot the peace, lister, modera- tor, school committee, &c. He commenc- ed his public career when quite young, and was deservedly popular with both political parties. His sound judgment and quiet, unostentatious manner endeared him to the people, and his sterling honesty and firmness of mind, always seeking to do right, and particularly being the friend of the poor and unfortunate, led him to be appointed administrator in the settling of many estates. He was one who never sought office, but office would seek him, and when the NORTHFIELD. 619 voters had a severe contest over some can- didate, and found they could not elect him, they would say, " Let's send Captain Jesse; we can elect him!" He married Polly Loomis, of Hinsdale, Mass., born Nov. 28, 1783, sister to Eleaz- er and Dyer Loomis ; children, all born in Northfield, Clark, 1812; Maria P., 1814; Russell, 1816; Thomas, 1820; David T., 1823. Mr. Averill died July 25, 1S60, aged 74; Mrs. Averill Oct. 17, 1S55, aged 72. JOHN AVERILL, youngest brother of Amos, Oliver and Jesse, carried on blacksmithing with farm- ing on the East Hill. He bought 100 acres of land formerly owned by Judge Paine, including the first clearing. He was rep- resentative, selectman, lister, justice of the peace, and overseer of the poor, honoring his trusts. He lives [1878] near the Cen- ter village, at the age of 84, having sold his farm a number of years ago to his nephew, D. T. Averill. He has probably seen more years in Northfield, with the ex- ception of one or two, than any man now living. His recollection of past events is very good, and I am indebted to him for many reminiscences in the lives of the early settlers ; more than to any other man. Mr. Averill remembers when a lad of attending the raising of Judge Paine's fac- tory, in the Factory Village, and it is vivid in his memory that they had pork and beans for dinner, cooked in a five-pail- kettle. He married Loretta, daughter of Amos Robinson; children: Albert J., 1819; Charles, 1823; George, 1827, died 1856; Loretta C, 1831 ; Edwin, 1835, dead; Henry, 1837 ; all in Northfield. Mr. Aver- ill died in 1881. ELIJAH SMITH and wife, Polly (Nichols) born in Putney, 1763, 1764, married in Northfield, 1785; lived in Putney until 1803, when they re- turned here and spent the remainder of their lives ; had 8 children : Polly, Sally, Susanna, Elijah, David, Betsey, Fanny, Emily. Mr. Smith died in 1840, age ']'] ; Mrs. Smith in 1844, ^ge 80. ELIJAH SMITH, JR., born in Putney, 1795 ; came to Northfield with his father, in 1803; married Anna, daughter of Col. Ezekiel Robinson, Dec, 1818; had 10 children: Edward A., Julia A,, Louisa, Amanda, Ann Maria, Charles E., Frederick E., Caroline M., Erastus P., JohnE., all in Northfield. Mr. Smith died July 7, 1863, aged 68; Mrs. Smith July 27, 1875, aged 79. Mr. Smith was of tall, commanding fig- ure, manly and dignified in deportment. He was for many years Governor Paine's chief clerk, and enjoyed the respect and esteem of all who knew him. He suc- ceeded Gilbert Hatch as town clerk, and held the office a number of years. His elegant, precise penmanship stands out in bold relief all through the town records during the years he was town clerk. He was an obliging man. and the writer has been pleased to notice the reverence and respect our citizens have for his memory. The prominent characteristic of his life, and which gave him success, was his high sense of public virtue, his irreproachable integrity. The tongue of calumny never dared to whisper a suspicion of him. Through all his private and public life there shone the luster of a noble manhood, and a pure, unsullied name. GILBERT HATCH, born in Preston, Conn., Aug 14, 1764; married Sally Nichols, born Jan. 22, 1767, and came to Northfield between 1790 and 1800, and settled on the William Gold farm. He was town clerk from 1813, when Dr. Robinson died, many years, and held other town offices ; children by his first wife: Polly, b. 1801 ; Sarah, 1802; Amos S., 1803; Elizabeth, 1805; Edward N., 1806; Sidney S., 1808; Sarah Ann, 1810; by his second wife, Martha Royce ; — his first died in 1817, — he had Sidney, b 1818 ; Gilbert M., 1822; Marion F., 1824; all born in Northfield. He died in 1835. ELEAZER LOOMIS, and his brother Dyer, at 19 and 17 years, came and settled on the mountain near where Hopson Barker now resides. Eleaz- er was born in Hinsdale, Mass., 1785 and married Polly Buck, who was born in Con- VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. necticut in 1787. They had good success in wheat, raising one year 300 bushels. Living opposite where our raih'oad depot now stands, they could look down into the valley of Dog River, where not a stick of timber had been cut. They had many struggles for a foothold in the forest, but, like other early settlers neat stock Esquire Amos Robinson used to say he would give more for her judgment in that direction than for any man's in Northfield. At one time the saw-mill stopped, the saw breaking, and the men were so busy in their farming operations that they could not go to Westminster for another, Mrs. with brave hearts and willing hands, sue- : Jones volunteered and brought it in her cess crowned their labors. At times the howling of wild beasts, as they often said, made their hair stand on end ; for the country abounded with bears, wolves and catamounts. One morning Eleazer went out to a corn-crib, made of rails, back of his house, to get some corn for his hens, when a huge bear, that had been helping himself, jumped down from the crib, which so alarmed the young man he ran round on the other side and Bruin and he met face to face, and both being more fright- ened ran round again, both trying to es- cape. After a few years, the brothers moved to the east side of the mountain, to what is called the " North Corner," where Eleaz- er's son, William H. Loomis, now resides. Eleazer held a number of town offices ; was a hard working man, and well liked. His children were Roxanna, Eleazer, Lou- isa, Cynthia, William, Mariette, Adaline ; all born in Northfield. He married for his second wife Louisa Bullock, of Berlin. He died in 1S66; Mrs. Loomis in 1835. AQUILLO JONES, born in Westminster, 1745, cahie to this town soon after Esquire Amos Robinson. He married Prudence Wise, and they settled on the farm known afterwards as the " Bennett place." Mrs. Jones came to Northfield on horseback, using for a rid- ing stick a twig of a " Balm of Gilead," which she stuck into the ground by her log-house, and it became a great tree. She was a help-meet to her husband, and could turn her hand to the cradle, the loom, the sugar-place, and the barn-yard. It was said by those who worked for them that she would get up mornings, in the spring of the year, by two or three o'clock, and go to the barn to see if the cows were cared for, and in judging of the value of arms, riding on horseback. A feat to test the patience and strength of a stout man. Aquillo was troubled about what would become of his earthly tabernacle after he had " shufiled it off," he declared often he would not be buried on "Cobble Hill," a little burying-ground near where he lived, "it looked so cold and dreary." Being questioned about his son Charles buying a farm in Randolph (where they were all going to live) he guessed he had not got cheated, for they had a good burying- ground in that town. Children of Aquillo and Prudence : William, Charles, Polly, Nancy, Sally. He died in 1830, age 82, and his wife in 1824, age 82. William came with his father, and, after a few years, settled on Judge Paine's turn- pike, near the toll-gate, and commenced keeping tavern in 18 11 on the farm now occupied by Timothy Holland. This was quite a public place of resort in those early days of staging ; horses used on the through line to Boston were changed here. Mr. Jones married Sally Babbitt, and they had 13 children, born in Northfield: Charles, Lucy, Louisa, Emery, William, William, Jr., Lamira, Sarah, Rebecca, Pru- dence, Seth, Harriet, Luther. Mr. Jones died in 1840, aged 63 ; Mrs. Jones in 1829, aged 44. Charles Jones settled on the old home- stead, and built the two-story house near " Bennett's Pond," now owned by Edward Howes. He married Lucinda, daughter of Col. Ezekiel Robinson ; children : Alba, Daniel, Lucinda, Caroline, Daniel 2d, and Weltha. Mr. Jones died at Menasha, Wis., in 1871, where he located in 1855, age 91. ABRAHAM SHIPMAN came from Westminster at a very early NORTHFIELD. 621 day, and was quite a prominent man in the settlement. He was a selectman 8 years, and represented the town in the legislature. His first wife's name was An- nis Rice; his children were Azubah, Hi- ram, Orran, Ophir, Orphia, Sardis. She died in 1809, and Mr. Shipman married Peggy, daughter of Doctor Nathaniel Rob- inson, who had two children : Annis R. and Phidelia C. A story is told of "Uncle Abraham." One April, nearly 52 years since, when our townsman, David T. Averill, was in small clothes, his father. Captain Jesse, started for the cows near evening, not knowing the little fellow was following him. After his return he learned the boy was missing. Great alarm prevailed for fear he would wander into the woods near by, and perish before morning, and search was commenced. At " Uncle Abraham's " the lights were burning ; all but the old people had retired ; they, as usual, smoking, pre- paratory to going to bed, when a noise was heard at the window, and two little hands came pat upon the panes of glass. Aunt Peggy was alarmed ; the fire flew from her pipe across the room ; but Uncle Abraham went out, and brought in the lost child, and he was stripped of his wet clothes, wrapped in a warm blanket and fell asleep. The shell was sounded, the news flew along the line where the men were in search. Col. Geo. K. Cobleigh, quite ex- cited, who had been riding up and down the road some time, hearing the good news, cried out with a stentorian voice, " The child is found; he is safe in AbrahaiiCs bosom .'" Eliphus Shipman, brother of Abraham, settled about the same time. He lived and died in a little log-house near where James Morse, Esq., now lives, and mar- ried one of the four sisters (Sally Double- day,) who came to this town together, being the first women seeking a new home in the wilderness here ; their children were : Phebe, Electa, Caleb, Levi, Daniel, Edmund, Cynthia, and Polly. ELEAZER NICHOLS, SR., born in Putney, 1762; married Betsey Goodwin, of Putney, and settled here in 1809. Their children were: Ambrose, Eleazer, Jr., James, Patty, Polly, William, Betsey, John G., Lucy, Laura. Mr. Nich- ols died in 1831, and Mrs. Nichols in 1853. AMBROSE NICHOLS, born in Putney, 1791, came to Northfield in 1809. He married Sally Hutchinson, of Braintree, and located upon the farm afterwards owned by Moses Lane. He built the "Red House," now occupied by Miss Maria Howes, which was the second house erected on the road leading from the Center to the " Factory village." He was many years, and until his death, the " Post- man" of this section. His route included the towns of Berlin, Barre, Williamstown, Brookfield, Randolph, Braintree, Roxbury, and Northfield. The well known sound of "Ll^ncle Armus'" horn, calling his pa- trons to the road-side for their weekly news, was always welcomed. Mr. and Mrs. Nichols had 3 children : Ambrose, Jr., Sarah, and George A. Mr. Nichols died in 1835, '^"f' ^lis widow in 1853- ELEAZER NICHOLS, JR. came at sixteen to Northfield with his fath- er. He is now [1878] in his 8sth year. Though feeble, his mind retains its memory to a good degree. He has until lately had in his possession the ballot box used at the first town meeting held in Northfield, Mar. 25, 1794, said to have been made by Seth Smith; 5 inches long inside, and 2 wide, and ih. deep, dug out of a pine block. It has been presented to the town for safe keeping. He married Mrs. Orra Starkweather White, mother of George J. and John A. S. White, Oct., 1822, and they lived for more than 50 years on the farm where the Adams Slate quarry is now yielding beautiful ma- terial for roofing. Their children were all born in this town : Mary Ann, Orra E., Olivia C, Dudley C, Emma. Mrs. Nich- ols died in 1877, JAMES NICHOLS, born in Putney, 1796, came to Northfield in 1809. He learned the carpenter and joiner's trade soon after, which he indus- triously pursued till compelled by the infir- mities of age to retire from the more active 622 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE pursuits of life. He married Annis A. 1 Dole, of Danville, Jan. i, 1826; they had two children : George, b 1S27 ; Annis, 1830. Mrs. Nichols died in 1830, and Mr. Nichols married for his second wife Harriet West, May i, 1831 ; their children are: James C, Jane E., John W., Mary E. Mr. Nichols died in 1873 '■< Mrs. Nich- ols died in 1876. WILLIAM NICHOLS, born in Putney, 1802, married Roxanna Herrick, of Barre, and settled on the farm now owned by Harvey R. Keyes, and where Mrs. Nichols still resides. The house they first occupied was the first one erected on Main street, between the two villages, and was built by Justus Burnham. Mr. Nich- ols acc^uired, through an honest indus- try, a handsome property, and died in 1863, lamented by a large circle of ac- quaintances. HON. GEORGE NICHOLS, son of James and Annis A. Nichols, was born in Northfield, Apr. 17, 1827. He married Ellen Maria, daughter of Abijah and Maria B. Blake, of Vergennes, Apr. 8, 1852, who was born in New Haven, Apr. I, 1832. To them were born Alice Margaret in 1853, and a son in 1858, both of whom died in infancy. Dr. Nichols was educated at the com- mon school and Newbury Seminary, fitted for college, but never entered, having de- termined to study medicine, and could not see the way clear to pursue both courses. He commenced teaching school previous to his 15th birthday. In 1848, he was ap- pointed State Librarian by Governor Cool- idge, and received successive annual elec- tions till 1853. He studied medicine with Dr. S. W. Thayer; graduated at the Ver- mont Medical College at Woodstock in 185 1 ; commenced business in his native town, combining with it that of apothecary and druggist in 1854, which latter business he still retains, and continued in the prac- tice of his profession with eminent success till his return from the army in 1863, hav- ing served as surgeon of the 13th Reg., Vt. Vols. In 1865, he was appointed Secretary of State by Governor Smith, which office he has since continuously held. In 1870, was a member and President of the Constitutional Conven- tion ; in 1872, a delegate to the National Republican Convention, and made a mem- ber of the National Republican Committee, and has been a member and Secretary of the Republican State Committee since that year. In 1868, he was elected director, and in 1874, president, of the Northfield National Bank; in 1872, chairman of the board of commissioners to receive subscrip- tions to the capital stock of the Cen- tral Vermont Railroad Company, and has been clerk of the same since its organiza- tion. The Doctor has been repeatedly honored in elections to the various munic- ipal offices of trust and responsibility, and, what may- be worthy of mention, with the exceptions of 1856-58-59-63 and 66, has been moderator of the annual town meet- ings since 1854. JOSEPH NICHOLS, abrother of Eleazer Nichols, Sr., came from Putney, about 1805 ; was a carpenter, and assisted in building Judge Paine's dwelling- house in William stown, on the turnpike ; was selectman, &c. His children were Sally, Leonard, Martin, Louisa, Harrison. JASON WINCH, born in Framingham, Mass., Sept. 2, 1746, settled, in 1813, on the farm now owned by his grand-son, Joel Winch. He married Abigail Howe, of Dorchester, Mass. Their children were Asa, Joel, Hannah, Abigail, Thomas. REV. JOEL WINCH married Anna Kezar in 1808, and came to Northfield in 181 5, living on what is now called the "Joel Winch farm." Their children were: Joel, Jr., Enoch, Anna, Elijah, Isaac, Benjamin P., and Mary. Mr. Winch was an eccentric, remark- able man, a Methodist preacher, joined the conference at 19; was ordained by Bishop Asbury in Boston, June 4, 1807. As a preacher, he was full of wit and pleas- antry, and sent home his arguments with great pathos and power. He was a staunch Mason. When many were going back on their principles, he re- mained firm, glorying in the sentiments George Washington had honored, and NORTHFIELD. 623 which had comforted and elevated millions of our race. No place seemed dearer to him than the lodge room ; surrounded by the fraternity, he was happy, and he made others so around him. Masonry was his great theme while among the brethren ; almost single handed he fought for it in Northfield, and lived to see the order again respected and beloved. He could say : " A sacred burden is this life ye bear; Looli on it, lift it, bear it solemnly. Stand up and wallt beneath it steadfastly, Fail not for sorrow, falter not for sin. But onward, upward, till the goal ye win." Elder Winch died in 1854. ARIEL EGERTON, born in Norwich, Conn., June 8, 1789, moved with his father's family in 1796 to Brookfield, Vt., from whence he came to Northfield in the fall of 181 1 . The follow- ing winter he taught school on the east hill. Of the scholars that winter, only one, John Averill, is known to be living in town. The winter following he taught, near Judge Paine's factory, and in 1815, built a house and store at the Center vil- lage. His store was the first building erected in that village for business pur- poses. He continued there in trade until 1819; in 1824, bought from Judge Paine the grist-mill on the east hill, which he carried on about 5 years ; in 1829, bought a large building at the South village, and started a chair-factory, which he kept in operation about 5 years, and tlien removed from Northfield. Mr. Egerton was among the first in this vicinity to observe the injurious effects arising from the use of licjuors, and very early became active in the cause of tem- perance. In the winter of 1826, he invited the people living in his neighborhood to meet at their school-house and listen to some statements with regard to the use and abuse of intoxicating drinks. About 40 were present, and that was, as we be- lieve, the first attempt in the State, aside from pulpit addresses, to present the tem- perance question in a public lecture. In 1828, about 20 of the citizens of the town united to form a temperance society. Mr. Egerton was elected its first president ; Orange Hovey, secretary. Mr. Egerton delivered an address in the Center meeting- house, which was published in the Mont- pelier ll'atcJniiaii and other papers in the State. Mr. Egerton died in Quechee, in 1859. His wife survives him (1878), living with her oldest son, Hon. Charles B. Egerton, at Ironton, Ohio. Her maiden name was Abigail P. Keyes, only daughter of Capt. Abel Keyes, of Putney, born Aug. 11, 1796. They had 8 children : Almira E., Laura E., Olive S., Cynthia M., Abby S., Charles B., John S., Joseph K. ; all born in. Northfield, and four now living. JOSEPH KEYES EGERTON lived in Quechee until the death of his father, when he moved to Norwich, where he resided 15 years, and came to North- field, March, 1877. He married Sarah F. Tyler, of Claremont, N. H., in 1856, and had two children, Edith K. and Fred T. Mr. Egerton was clerk in J. C. Brooks' store in Hartford 4 years, i year in Cleave- land's at Brookfield, and i year with Camp & Thayer in Northfield. He was post- master at Quechee from 1853 to 1861, when he removed to Northfield ; he was town agent, town treasurer and justice of the peace ; joined the Odd Fellows in Northfield in 1852; joined the Masons in 1854, and was Grand Lecturer of the Grand Lodge of Vermont 3 years, from 1867 to 1870. I am under great obligation to Mr. Egerton for his valuable assistance in work- ing up the history of his ancestors, his father, and the Keyes' who built so ex- tensively in Northfield. WILLIAM AND TAMASIN ASHCROFT, from Connecticut, had 1 1 children ; one of them, Lois, was born in Judge Paine's grist-mill, and was the second child born in town. Mr. Ashcroft took part in the first meetings that were held here. He settled on what is now the poor farm. He held town offices ; children : Daniel, Sarah, Abigail, Tamasin, John D., Lydia, Eliza T., Nathan B., Lois, William, Lucy. REV. NATHAN BROWN ASHCROFT, son of William, born in Brookline, Conn., in 1787, and came to Northfield with his 624 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. father. He was a preacher of the Methodist order, ordained by Bishop Kendrick as an Elder, in Bristol, R. I., Sept. 5, 1822, and was one of the first ministers in this sec- tion. In his latter days also he not only looked after the spiritual wants of the people, but attended to their physical ail- ments, deaUng in "roots and herbs" after the Thompsonian plan. Mr. Ashcroft married Betsey Lawrence, in Plainfield, in 1812. Their children were : Hester Ann R., Nathan Sias, John Wesley, Eliza Ann. Mr. Ashcroft died in 1857; Mrs. Ashcroft in 1872. JOEL SIMONDS settled on the mountain where Mr. Annis used to live, in 1816, but afterwards moved to a farm in the N. E. corner of the town. He married Lydia Brailey, of Hartford. They had 13 children: Daniel, Polly, Joel, Horace, Albert Clark, Charles, Rufus, Seth, John, Lydia, Harriet, John; all but two born in Northfield. Rev. Joel Simonds, his son, resides at the Center village, and still owns the farm where his father lived. He married Olive Pitkin, in 1844. James and Elethen Paul were early settlers on the Berlirtroad, near the north corner ; children : Lucy, Mary, Benjamin, Belinda, Daniel J., Hosea, all born here. LEBBEUS BENNETT, born in Connecticut, 1777, .settled on the "Bennett place," a well-to-do farmer; married Elizabeth Millington ; children : MeHnda, Ambrose, Gamaliel, Seymour, Rial, Joseph, Lucinda. AMOS HOWES, born in Windham, Conn., 1792, married Melinda, daughter of Lebbeus Bennett. Their children were : Augustus, Harriet, Fanny, Lucinda, Maria M., Elizabeth, Seymour, Adelia L., Edward H., Lebbeus A., all born in Chelsea, and all living now (1878), in Northfield, but two. ANANIAS TUBES came from Gilsum, N. H., to Northfield in 1806, and settled in the Loomis neighbor- hood. He married Hannah Hill. Their children were : Jeremiah, Sally, Patty, Annie, Elizabeth, William, Julia, Polly and Solomon. He died in 1828, aged 84; his wife in 1832, aged 80. He was a soldier of the Revolutionary War ; enlisted under Benedict Arnold, and marched under his command through the wilderness of Maine ; was wounded and taken prisoner at Quebec. He had orders after enlisting to march in two days, and a pair of pants must be had. His wife took her shears, cut the wool from two sheep, one white and one black, which she carded together, and with the assistance of a neighbor, spun, wove, and made a pair of pants before she slept, and they were ready at the time they were wanted. DAVID HEDGES was born on Long Island, where both his parents died before he was a year old. Most of his early life was spent m Connec- ticut. He was a soldier in the Revolution- tionary War ; married Hannah Shaw ; came to Randolph in 1784; one of the first settlers of that town ; came to North- field in 1794, with 12 children; was the 17th family here; children: Jeremiah, Daniel, Hannah, Phebe, Matthew, Esther, David, Stephen, Jerusha, Lewis, Richard, and Elijah. He lived at the North Corner. His son Stephen died at 26 ; the rest of his children all settled in life ; one in Ohio, one in Western New York, and the others in Vermont, several living in this town a while. The three youngest died in North- field. Mr. Hedges died in 1829, aged 94; Mrs. Hedges in 1830, aged 81. Richard, son of David, born in Ran- dolph, 1785 ; when a lad went to hunt up cattle, when all was a wilderness in Dog River valley ; with no building except Stanton Richardson's log-house. In 18 10, he married Rhoda, daughter of Joel Reed, of Williamstown, and settled on the East- Hill, the first farm west of Judge Paine's grist-mill, where he lived 43 years. His first wife died in 18 19, leaving two daugh- ters, Louisa M., and Cynthia. Mr. Hedges married for his second wife, Julia, daughter of Ananias Tubbs ; children : Daniel, Gil- bert, Rhoda, Betsey E., Julia, Matthew M., John, Francis A. ; all born in North- NORTHFIELD. 625 field. Mr. Heda;es died in 1872, age 97. Mr.s. Hedge.s in 1872, age 83. THOMAS SLADE, from Alstead, N. H., appears on the rec- ords as an early settler. He was quite a noted schoolmaster. His son Thomas, the miller, who followed in the footsteps of his father, says, " He taught school in Amos Robinson's district 6 or 8 terms, boarding at home," where Herbert Glidden now lives. He also taught school in Chel- sea and Brookfield, and was a surveyor many years in this town. He married Clarissa Burroughs ; children : Howard, Lavinna, Calista, Clarissa, Allen, Thomas, Jr., Anna, William; all but Howard born in Northfield. Mr. Slade moved to Mont- pelier in 1823, and died in 1829. PARLEY TYLER was born in Connecticut in 1779, ^^^^ soon after coming to Northfield bought of Judge Paine 100 acres, on what was known after- ward as Tyler Hill. He married Betsey Rood, of Brookfield. Their children were Martin P., Matilda, Juliet, Squire, Daniel, Royal, Edward, Jason, Louisa, Jason C, John A. Mr. Tyler died in 1855; Mrs. Tyler in 1849. Daniel Tyler relates a story of one Bean, the first known thief convicted in North- field. He broke into Judge Paine's fac- tory one Sunday afternoon, and took out 25 rolls of cloth, and hid them under a hemlock tree-top, 40 rods back of the fac- tory. The next day all hands turned out to look for the stolen goods and the thief. Bean took one roll on his back and made for the East Hill, and went across Mr. Tyler's farm, and left it in the woods, going to the house and asking for break- fast. Mrs. Tyler told him he had better wait until dinner, it being then 1 1 o'clock, but he said that he was out surveying land, and some bread and cheese-would answer. The news soon reached the East Hill a theft had been committed, and search was made, and not far from noon Bean return- ed to Tyler's house, and suspecting that he was the guilty one, Mr. Tyler asked him if he had seen any cattle in his trav- els, when he answered he had not ; said " Daniel : ' Father approached him, get- ting nearer and nearer by slow advances, when he sprung upon him and took him down, when he told me to yank oft" that roll of cloth upon his back, which I did very easily, as it was tied on with listing, although I was only 9 years of age. Soon Bean gave up, and said he would go where we wanted he should. We fastened him with a rope and led him into the house, when he said, 'Well, mother, I have come back to dinner.' It was but a little while before all the villagers, headed by Judge Paine, Amos Robinson, and John Stark- weather, had arrived, when he had a pre- liminary trial before Esquire Robinson. I can well remember how Starkweather's hands shook when he read the warrant as constable, it being new business to him. This was the first man convicted of steal- ing and sent to the State prison from Northfield.'" DAVID DENNY, born in Windsor, Jan. 7, 1774, one of the earliest settlers in Northfield, was a col- lector of taxes, and held a number of town offices. He located on the hill, near the South village, where his grandson David now resides. The numerous family of Dennys in Northfield are his descendants. He married Betsey Spooner ; their chil- dren : Paul S., Asenath, Adolphus, Amasa, Sally, Samuel, Harriet, Eliza, Joseph. Mr. Denny died in 182 1. Adolphus Denny, born in 1796, lived and died at the old homestead of his father. He married Eliza Frizzel, born in 1804; their children were : David, Sarah, Kath- erine, George, Mary, Katherine. Mrs. Denny died in 1864. Mr. Denny married 2d, Mrs. Electa, widow of Col. George K. Cobleigh, and died in 1873. Dea. Samuel Denny, son of David, was a farmer, and a respected officer of the Congregational church. No man attended public worship with more fidelity than he did, and he raised up a family of industri- ous and re.spected children, all in good circumstances. He married Prudence Ellis, of Berlin, Sept. 1828; children: Harriet E., Andrew E., Addison W., Le- 79 626 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. land H., George B., Amasa M., Prudence J. He died in Lowell, Mass., in 1874. Joseph, son of David, was but 10 years old when his father died. At 19 he left home, with just 25 cents to commence life for himself. He labored in Randolph i year, went to Berlin, and worked upon a farm 4 years ; commenced the tannery business at Berlin Corners, exchanged for the hotel there, and also .bought his first farm, which occupation he always followed in connection with his other pursuits ; about 1841, entered into the mercantile business, continued in Berlin till 1847, when he moved his goods to Northfield Center, and continued in business 5 or 6 years, when he sold out, and turned his attention more particularly to farming. He came here and engaged in mercantile business in 1847 ; in 1856 formed a part- nership in tailoring with J. C. B. Thayer, and also with Geo. H. Crane in general merchandise some 3 years, and with his oldest son in i860, till his removal to Worcester, Mass. ; when he took the next son into business, with the style of C. Denny & Co. OLIVER COBLEIGH came here from Westminster in 1796. He married Abiah Doubleday, one of the four sisters who came from that town, and were the foremost women to take up their resi- dence in this wilderness country; Dinah, Ezekiel Robinson's wife, Anna, Stanton Richardson's wife, and Sally, Eliphus Ship- man's wife, all extraordinary, courageous women. Mr. Cobleigh's children were : Dinah, George K. and Harriet. George K., son of Oliver, held a num- ber of town offices ; made a good officer in the militia, and rose to the rank of Colonel. He lived many years at the South village, where he died. He married Electa, daugh- ter of Eben Frizzel. Children: Caroline, George, Martin, Dennison and Charles H. Martin Cobleigh, son of George, lives at South Northfield, and is engaged in the sash, door and blind business. JOSEPH smith, jr., born in Putney, in 1775. In 1807, influenc- ed by his brother-in-law, Cajat. Abel Keyes, came to Northfield, bought two lots of land from David Denny, Esq., built a house near where E. K. Jones' store now stands, in the south village, and opposite his house built a store, 16x25, the first in town, and filled it with goods; but in 1809, he sold out to C. W. Houghton, of Montpelier, and the next year returned to Putney. SOLOMON DUNHAM lived at an early day not far from Judge Paine's grist-mill, on the East Hill ; was a clothier and carried on that business there. He removed to the south village afterwards, and worked at the same trade. He mar- ried E-xperience Smith ; children : Expe- rience, Mary, Sally, William H. H., Al- bert, all born in Northfield. Mr. Dunham had three wives ; by his third, Harriet, daughter of David Denny, he had two sons : Franklin and George. HON. NATHAN MORSE, of the south village, was born in Fitz- william, N. H., and came here from Rox- bury in 1838. He held a number of offices in town ; was representative and also assistant judge in the Washington County Court. He married for his first wife Polly, daughter of John Hutchinson, Esq., of Braintree ; children: Nathan, Polly, Betsey, Lucy H. Mrs. Morse died in 1845, and he married Martha Abbott of Williamstown ; they had one son, James. Judge Morse died in 1862. Mrs. Morse died in 1875. LUCIUS EDSON, born in Wheatley, Mass., 1798; married Matilda Ainsworth of Brookfield, and came to Northfield in 1822. He and Arba Crane bought out Solomon Dunham, in the cloth-dressing business near Judge Paine's grist-mill, where they worked two falls, and Mr. Edson went to the South village, where he added wool-carding to cloth-dressing. He had 4 children : Mar- shall L., AHce J., E. Annette, Walter A. ; all born in Northfield. ANSON ADAMS came from East Roxbury about 18 16, and settled in the " Winch neighborhood." A log house was his dwelling-place, without doors or windows, using quilts in their stead. Crockery and other household goods were brought in the arms of the NORTHFIELD. 627 family, through snow banks and by marked trees, making life real if not pleasant. Mr. A. came originally from Connecticut to Vermont; married Sukey Gold, sisterof Deacon William Gold ; children : Adaline, Elvira, Emily, Susan, Avaline M., Harriet S., Charlotte, Ursula, Roswell, Sophronia, Anson, George W., Fanny H., all but two born in Northfield. SAMUEL L. ADAMS, born in Brookfield, Oct. 1796. married Harriet Cobleigh, July 1828, and settled in Northfield. He was a believer in the doc- trine of the restitution of all things, a good Mason, and died as he had lived, strong in his faith. His wife died in 1S49. Four of his children are now living : John Ouincy, Harriet M., Abbie A., Laura W., all born in Northfield. Mr. Adams died at the home of his oldest daughter, in Revere, Mass., Dec. 1877, aged 81. He was brought to North- field, and buried at the Center cemetery, with Masonic honors, having made his ar- rangements for the last great change, and requesting his old friend, Rev. John Greg- ory, to attend his last service. JOHN EMERSON, a blacksmith, lived at an early day on the East Hill, in the Averill neighborhood. He came to Northfield from Norwich, and was a brother of Harry Emerson, the hatter, who carried on that business at the Center village. ETHAN ALLEN. We had an Ethan Allen in that early period of the town's history. Not the re- nowned hero of Ticonderoga, but an Ethan Allen who run Judge Paine's grist-mill sev- eral years. SHERMAN GOLD, born in 1813, deacon of the Universalist church, for many years carried on the sash, blind and door business at the South vil- lage — a sincere, conscientious man, gen- erally respected. Died in 1873. JAMES LATHAM, SR., born 1750, came here from Chesterfield, N. H., at an early day. He married Su- sannah Brit, born in 1752. Their children were : James Latham, Jr., settled in the Shaw neighborhood. He married Polly, daugh- ter of Amos Robinson, Esq., and they had 15 children: Bathany, Leonard, Nancy, Patty R., Hollis, Arvilla, Susanna, Eli, Nancy L., Almon, Loran, Seth W., Mar- shall, Cynthia, Mary A. Ezra Latham, married Polly, daughter of Aquillo Jones; children: Ezra, Jr., Orrin, Harvey, Daniel. CAPT. JOHN STARKWEATHER, born in Norwich, 1790, married Cynthia Nichols, step-daughter of Capt. Abel Keyes, Dec. 1809. Sept. 181 1, he took the free- man\s oath, and thereafter during his life was almost continually in town and other public offices : lister, grand juryman, mod- erator of town meetings, justice of the peace, deputy sheriff, high sheriff of the county, representative, and captain of a military company 2 years, and several years kept tavern at the Center village. He was a friendly, familiar man, and be- fore 40 years old, children called him " Uncle John." He was quite popular as an officer. He died in 1841. DEA. REUBEN SMITH, a beloved member of the Baptist church, came from Tunbridge to Northfield, and settled in the South village in 1826. He married Molly Mudgett ; children: Polly, Apha, William, Tabitha, Reuben, Josiah and Anna. WILLIAM KEVES, ESQ., born in Putney, 1766, removed to North- field in 1799, located on East Hill, and bought his farm of his brother, Abel Keyes ; in 1804, sold, and bought near where the Center hotel stands ; his nearest neighbor, Stanton Richardson, west of the river nearly half a mile. He sold at the Center about 1 8 10, and his farm was soon after sold for building lots. In 1816, he bought the farm next south of the Stanton Rich- ardson place, and for several years carried on brick-making. His daughter, Mrs. Lucy Knapp, now living in Northfield, relates that in 18 18 there was a great deal of sick- ness. Dr. Porter's bill for medical services in her father's family that year was large enough to pay for all the brick used in building his house. Mr. Keyes was one of the earliest Methodists, active in organiz- 628 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ing their church in this town, and for more than 50 years a class-leader therein. He married Betsey Nichols, of Putney ; chil- dren : Polly, Jacob, William, Lucy, Sewall, Eliza, Abel, Sally, Emeline. Mr. Keyes died Dec. 1849. CAPTAIN ABEL KEYES, born in Putney, Sept. 11, 1773. In the summer of 1790, while prospecting for a new home, came to Northfield, and in view of its water-power, believing it would be- come a great manufacturing town, decided to locate here. The next spring he bought of Judge Paine the mills and 100 acres on East Hill, there being the first settlement in town. He lived there about 5 years, improved the mills, and then sold the farm to his brother William, and the mill prop- erty to Judge Paine. In 1804, his daugh- ter, Mrs, A. P. Egerton, relates her father made a journey to Putney, on horseback, taking her with him on the same horse, she being 8 years old, it being to induce some of his friends to come to Northfield to live. In 1807, Captain Keyes purchased of David Denny, a saw-mill and few acres of land in what is now called South North- field. The saw-mill he enlarged and im- proved, built a grist-mill, potash, and sev- eral dwelling-houses, and in 3 years, main- ly through his influence and labors, " Slab City," as it was long called, had become a lively village. His wife's brother, Joseph Smith, Jr., had a store there, the first store in Northfield. In iSio, Captain Keyes sold his mills to C. W. Houghton, of Montpelier, and in 181 2, the rest of his property in that village, and removed to the Factory, where Judge Paine had just begun to build a village. He remained there one year, living in the " Old Abbey," a house that stood where George C. Ran- dall's house now is, and afterwards built for Judge Paine the two houses that now stand near the bridge. In 18 14, he pur- chased several lots of land where the Cen- ter village now is. The next year, with- his son, Joseph, he built .several dwelling- houses, a machine-shop, and a potash ; in 1818, the Center Village Hotel, which they kept about 5 years; in 1819, the church known as the old yellow meeting-house. In 1824, they sold all their property at the Center, and bought that Capt. Keyes had formerly owned at Slab City ; rebuilt the mills ; lived there 3 years ; sold, moved to the Falls, now Gouldsville, and on the site where Gould's factory now stands built a saw and grist-mill. Capt. Keyes lived there till 1838, his son Joseph having sold out there some years previously. He then bought a saw-mill up the river, a grist-mill and a dwelling-house ; lived there till 1839, ^'"id move ! to Illinois, and one year after to Lake Mills, Wis., where he died in 1848, aged 75. There are now standing in this town about 40 buildings erected by Capt. Abel Keyes and his son Jo.seph. The Captain was one of the most enterprising men of the town during all his stay in it. He held various offices, was lister ill 1798, Captain of a military com- pany, justice of the peace many years, se- lectman and representative. He possessed robust health, ceaseless activity, could do everything but persevere and wait. He could prepare his land, plant and hoe, but could not wait for the corn to ripen. The framing, raising and enclosing a building were just to his taste ; he could plan for and direct a multitude of men, but the quiet work of finishing the structure must be left to more patient workers, and be- came a proverb, " Capt. Abel always moves just before harvest." Industrious and honest, his success in life was limited only by his habit of leaving to others the pleas- ant task of reaping the reward of his labors. He married Mrs. Esther Nichols, in 1793. They had two children, Joseph and Abigail P., and Mrs. Keyes had a daughter by her first husband. CAPT. JOSEPH KEYES, born in. 1 795; married Zeruah Eggleston in 18 16, who had 2 children, Simon and Cynthia. He married a second wife, Olive Williams ; children : Abel, Catha- rine W., Elisha W., Oliver A., Emily O. Mr. Keyes died at Menasha, Wis., Sept. 17, 1874. He followed his trade as mill- wright in Wisconsin, after his removal with his father to that state, and was very successful. Many of our citizens remember he built NORTHFIELD. 629 a machine shop at the Center viilage, on the east side of the common, run by steam, the first motive power by steam in Northfield, and a great curiosity at that day. On its sides were painted the words " Machine Shop." The Wisconsin Jour- nal says of Mr. Keyes : As the crisis which came upon the coun- try in 1837 was approaching, finding it difficult to proceed with his extensive business, he made disposition of it in the spring of 1836, and little left but his head and hands, backed up by most indomitable courage, energy, and a powerful constitu- tion, he struck out to seek his fortune in a new country, and landed in Milwaukee June, 1836. Wisconsin at that time was an inviting field for men of his type. It needed intelligent, enterprising, hard work- ing men to develop its immense resources. He being one of that class, found a cordial welcome to the territory by the few bold spirits who had preceded him, and an am- ple scope of country in which to operate. In 1837, he and his family removed to Lake Mills, being the first white settlers in that town. He proceeded to the erection of a grist and saw-mill, that proved of vast advantage to the settlement, and very soon laid out the village of Lake Mills, being its original founder. Here, he erected the first school-house in the town, and em- ployed the first teacher, a Miss Catlin of Cottage Grove, in this county, all with his individual means — an act, of itself, which is a proud monument to his name and fame, and proves his life has not been a failure. For over 50 years he was a prominent Mason. He loved the order, and was one of its most honored and respected members. The golden wedding of Mr. and Mrs. Keyes was celebrated in 187 1, surrounded by children, grand-children, and great-grand-children ; children : Abel Keyes, now of Menasha, Hon. E. W. Keyes, postmaster of Madison, Oliver Keyes, now of Hudson, and Mrs. H. D. Fisher, of Menasha. Mrs. Olive Williams, relict of Capt Joseph Keyes, departed this life at Menasha, Feb. 18, 1878, in her 78th year. In all positions in life she was hon- ored for her many virtues. HON. ELISHA W. KEYES, son of Joseph, born in Northfield, Jan. 23, 1828, left Northfield with his father's fam- ily. May 1837, for Milwaukee, Wis., thence to Lake Mills. In early life he was first in his classes at school, and in sports and games ; following in the wake of his father and grandfather, he led the van. He was admitted to the Bar in Madison at 23, and soon acquired an extensive and lucrative practice ; was District Attorney of Dane County in 185S, '59; in 1861, was appoint- ed postmaster of the city of Madison, which office he still holds (1878) ; was maygr of Madison in 1865 and '66 ; in 1867, Chairman of the Republican State Central Committee ; for i o years he conducted the affairs of the republican party of the State with such strength and power of organiza- tion as to earn for him the now widely- known title of " The Bismarck " of Western politics. In 1872 and '76, was a delegate to and Chairman of the Wisconsin Dele- gation in the National Republican Con- ventions ; now as " Boss Keyes, of Wis- consin," he is familiarly known in every state in the Union. In 1877, he declined a re-election as Chairman of the State Re- publican Committee, and resumed an active practice of law. He is one of the Regents of the State Lhiiversity of Wisconsin. Mr. Keyes is of a stout, compact build, has a strong constitution and good health. He is esteemed a good hater, a firm friend, and one whoni men at large instinctively recognize as a leader. He has been twice married; children: five. Alvah Henry, son of Hiram, born in Alstead, N. H., 1799, was killed in North- field June 28, 1831, by the fall of a tree. Edmond Shipman and wife Betsey, (Nichols) had 13 children. He was a blacksmith by trade, and worked at the Centre village. REV. HOSEA CLARK, a preacher of the Methodist church en- joyed the reputation of being a devoted man ; was elected a justice of the peace, and had a way of administering the law in a forcible manner, sometimes to the dis- comfiture of the legal profession ; and was not afraid of expressing his opinion on any subject that came before him for con- sideration. He married Mrs. John Rich- ardson ; they had two children, Lucia Ann and Stephen Alonzo ; born in Northfield. ELIJAH BURNHAM, ESQ., born in Brookfield 1795, came to North- field, in 1819. He married Maria Simons, 630 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. of Williamstown ; had 13 children. After two previous settlements they kept tavern at the Falls village, where John Fisk for- merly did, and finally settled near the Depot village. Mr. Burnham was. a prom- inent man in the early days ; was select- man loyears, justice of the peace, lister, and held other offices. He was a skillful vete- rinarian, and frequently sent for in differ- ent parts of the town to relieve the animal creation of their ailments. He died here March, 1S73. Mrs. Burnham lives with a daughter in Williamstown, at the age of 84(1878); children: Laura, Mary, Aaron M., Marshall D., Philanda, Philura, So- phronia, Dennison S., Joshua J., Emily, Ellen, George M. JOEL BROWN, born in Old Deerfield, Mass., 1799, came with his father to Williamstown, and when the Indians returned from the burning of Royalton, was with others taken captive and carried to Montreal, and lodged in jail, but through one Zadock Steel and others, they liberated themselves, and picked their way back to their homes. [See History of Randolph, vol. 11 of this work, page 978.] When quite a lad Joel was fre- quently sent to Royalton to mill, by marked trees, and heard the howling of wolves. Mr. Brown at 21 came to Northfield, and cut the first tree in what is now the Center village, very near the old machine shop, where he subsequently lived. But few buildings were then erected on Dog river. Stanton Richardson's log-house, where the late John H. Richardson lived, was the only one accessible, and here Mr. Brown boarded, crossing the river on a tree that had fallen over it. Mr. Brown built a shanty very near the old town- house, to shelter himself in rainy days. It was his intention of making a permanent home at the Center, but his intended being in poor health, and her friends objecting to her coming into this new country, caused him to return to Brookfield, and he did not return until 1828, when he located on the road from the Center to Roxbury. He did teaming to Burlington, bringing back flour and other staple goods, which he disposed of. He married ist, Anna Edson, of Brookfield, in 1801, and they had one daughter, Rebecca. He married 2d, Dorcas Nichols, and they had 8 chil- dren ; Daniel, Anna, Isaac W., Susan, Eliza, Ruth, Joel, Jr., D. Amanda. Mrs. Brown died in 1863 ; Mr. Brown in i Christian Society 5 61 Division for 1825, as follows : Free Will Baptist Society $7 62 Congregationalist Society 6 11 Restorationist Society '^\ 1)2) Christian Society 4 27 Methodist Society 25 00 Oliver Averill, Nathan Green, Virgil Washburn, Joel Winch, Harry Emerson, committee ; Elijah Smith, town clerk. THE UNION MEETING-HOUSE, at the Center village, was the first one built in this town, and was completed in 1820; building committee: Amos Rob- inson, Charles Jones, Freedom Edson, Nathaniel Jones and Oliver Averill. At a meeting of the proprietors, Apr. 6, 1820, for selling the pews, it was voted one-fourth the value be paid in money, and the other three-fourths in stock or grain, and that the house should be com- pleted by the first day of November, and at that time a payment of money and stock to be made. The whole number of pews, 50, were all sold at public auction save 12, for $760. The division of time for each denomina- tion reported by the committee was as follows : The Methodist Society, first Sabbath in each month except February and March ; the Restorationist Society, the third Sab- bath in each month and fifth in August ; the Congregational Society, fourth Sab- bath in each month except March and August ; the remainder to the Free Will Baptist Society. Josiah B. Strong, Oliver Averill, Na- thaniel Jones, Joel Winch, committee. This first house built in Northfield for religious worship was of humble preten- sions, painted yellow, and there being no steeple or cupola upon it, it resembled a barn very much, and hence became a bye- word, and was called by the irreligious " God's yellow barn." In process of time other churches, more expensive and de- NORTHFIELD. 649 sirable, were built in town, and this plain but comfortable old-fasliioned meeting- house was sold to the Catholics, and placed upon the land in the Depot village given them by Gov. Paine, where with some new improvements it made a respect- able appearance. [Whereupon some Catholic wag of the day wrote :] AN impromptu: "god's YELLOW BARN." It liad tlic hue of gold in its color in tlie ea'iier day. And it was named In rather of an irreligious way; The wicked Protestant boys called it a house for cattle. That is, called it barn 1 what a barn 's for certain- naughty tattle ! And God^s .' who did at length, it seems, vindicate his claim — So it had a regeneration and bears, at last, a Catholic name. Ah! little did he know who painted it— that odd fellow, It had the temt of the Pope, Pat,— the Pope's flag is yellow. Was it prophetic ? the Puritan's brush made it gold- en I y so ; That beautiful, radiant, peerless color of the sun! Instead of some dull and clod-like, and pitiful dun; Only He who sees the " beginning and end may know;" He did know; but it "looks respectable " now, says Gregory, John; Removed from "ye old grounds," "some new im- provements made upon." [" The little old yellow meeting-house," that was, soon however, was burned — by lightning, whereupon the joke seemed to return upon the author of the impromptu — who it seems took it silently. See Catho- lic record, later.] METHODISM IN NORTHFIELD. BY UEV. A. C. STEVENS. Northfield was first .settled on East Hill in 1785, by Amos and Ezekiel Robinson and Stanton Richardson. One of these, at least, Stanton Richardson, belonged to the Methodist church. It was not how- ever till some few years later that the first Methodist class was formed. The first class-leader was William Keyes. The names of those who were members of this class, as near as can now be ascertained, were — William Keyes, leader, Stanton Richardson, Elijah Smith, Joseph Nich- ols, and their wives. The first Methodist preacher formally appointed to Vermont was Nicholas Sne- then, in 1796, to what was then known as Vershire Circuit. It is probable, how- 82 ever, that the Methodist itinerant had be- fore this date preached the word of life within the bounds of this State. The General Conference of iSoo placed the whole of Vermont, New Hampshire, Can- ada, much of Connecticut, and all of New York east of the Hudson, in the New York Conference. This large territory was divided into districts. Pittsfield Dis- trict embraced New York city, the whole of Long Island, extended northward, em- bracing Vermont, and stretching far into Canada. It was, however, not till about 1804 that regular Methodist preaching was sustained in Northfield, when the Barre circuit was formed, embracing some dozen towns, of which Northfield was one. The first regular Methodist preachers in the the town were Elijah Hedding and Dan Young ; but little is recorded of the latter ; One, however, who remembers him, speaks of him as " tall and slim in person, full of zeal for the Master, much like Stonewall Jackson in appearance." The other, Eli- jah Hedding, became afterwards well known as one of the bishops of the M. E. Church. The preaching service was held in the barns and log-houses of the people. The preachers would come around once in two or four weeks, as the extent of the circuit would admit. It was not till 1820, the first meeting-house was erected in town, a " Union Church," built at the Center village — "the old Yellow Meeting- house." The Methodists had the privi- lege of occupying it a part of the time. The names of but few of the preachers to 1820 can now be recalled by the older in- habitants of the town. Soon after Hedding and Young left the circuit, Eleazer Wells and Warren Bannes- ter were preaching to the scattered flock in demonstration of the Spirit and with pow- er. Elder Beals and the eccentric and stir- ring Joel Winch were preachers of that early day. Elder Branch, David Kilborn and Elder Streeter, Rev. Mr. Southerland, also, a good preacher from or near Boston, came up into the wilderness to seek the lost sheep. The Union church was com- pleted in 1820. About this time. Elder J. F. Adams was on the circuit. Under 650 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. his labors there was a sweeping revival, — whole families were converted. From 1820 to 1830, the preachers on the circuit, as far as now can be ascertained, were: 1823. Wilder Mack and Elder Ma- hew ; 1824-5, John Lord and David Les- ley. Lesley was a massive built man, height some 6 feet, 4 inches, — A man of faith and zeal. Horace Spaulding also preached here before 1830. In 1827, C. D. Cahoon and Chester Levings were on the circuit. Then follow- ed William McCoy, C. R. Harding and Eleazer Jordan. Most of these devoted men have gone home. 1830-40, John Nason and F. T. Dailey traveled the circuit. John Nason is spoken of as a "powerful man, burning with zeal, who had warm friends and bitter enemies. ■• Under his labors another revival swept over North- field. About this time, the name of Elisha J. Scott appears as one of the ministers on the circuit, a young man of earnestness and piety, and this being his first appoint- ment. The names of Haynes Johnson, then a young man, Washington Wilcox, Ariel Fay, a great worker, Moses Sander- son, J. A. Scarritt and Samuel Richardson appear among those stationed here ; and Elder Cowen, and about 1835, John Smith, more widely known as " Happy John," then a young man, preached on the circuit. Few who have seen or heard " Happy John" will ever forget him. He was a man of medium height, compactly built, with a bright eye, and a voice as clear and ringing as a trumpet. At camp meetings he was in his element. He was not a great preacher, but frequently one of the most powerful men in prayer and ex- hortation that Vermont Methodism has known. In this decade Northfield is put down in the Minutes as a station by itself, able to support a minister all the time — with a membership between 300 and 400. 1840-50: From 1820 to 1842, the Meth- odist church in Northfield worshipped in the " Union meeting-house," or in private houses. In 1842, Gov. Paine, who had built a church at the " Depot Village " for the accommodation of the workmen in his factory, gave the Methodists the privilege of occupying this house as their place of worship. A. T. Bullard, one of the fath- ers in the Vermont Conference, was the stationed preacher that year. During the decade the following ministers were sta- tioned at Northfield : A. T. Bullard, John Currier, J. H. Patterson, A. Webster, A. G. Button, John G. Dow. The most of these men are now living. They have done noble service, and their names will be inseparably connected with the history of Vermont Methodism. 1850-60 : At the beginning of this dec- ade H. P. Gushing was stationed at North- field. During his pastorate the " Paine meeting-house " became too small to ac- commodate the worshippers, and was en- larged. W. J. Kidder succeeded Mr. Gushing. The sudden death of Governor Paine occurred in 1853. His church was thrown into the market and sold at public auction, and bought by the Congregational Society, and the Methodist Society lost their place of worship. But their courage was equal to the demands of the hour. Cheered and led on in the work by their earnest and wide-awake pastor, W. J. Kidder, the foundation of a new church was laid on Main street, during the month of May, 1854; and dedicated to the wor- ship of Almighty God in December of the same year. The ministers who followed Mr. Kidder to i860, were E. A. Rice, W. D. Malcom and I. McAnn. 1860-70: The pastors of the church during this decade were A. L. Cooper, J. A. Sherburn, S. H. Colburn, J. Gill, and R. Morgan. During Mr. Morgan's pasto- rate the church was enlarged and beauti- fied, rendering it now one of the best churches in the Vermont Conference. The next decade (1S70) opens with the pastorate of A. C. Stevens, the present pastor of the church. During the entire history of the M. E. Church in Northfield a revival spirit has prevailed among both pastors and members. It has now a mem- bership of between 200 and 300, a church valued at $12,000. a parsonage valued at $2,000. The ofiicers of the church now are : Pas- NORTHFIELD. 651 tor, Rev. A. C. Stevens ; class-leaders, S. V. Richmond, Hosea Clark, John Wil- ley, Eli Latham, Hugh S. Thresher. METHODIST RECORD, 1870-1878. BY REV. W. J. KIDDER. A. C. Stevens, pastor 1870-71-72; W. R. Puffer, 1873; W. D. Malcom, 1874; A. B. Truax, 1875-76-77; O. M. Bout- well, 1878. For many years there has been a flourish- ing Sunday-school connected with the church. H. R. Brown is superintendent, with 23 officers and teachers, 200 schol- ars, and 300 vols, in the library. The present membership of the church is : Pro- bationers, 24 ; in full membership, 320 : total, 344. Several ministers have been raised up here, prominent among whom was Paul C. Richmond, many years a member of the Maine Conference, who, after a long and successful ministry, a few years since crossed the dark river, and went triumph- antly to his reward ; and others are still in the field gathering sheaves for their Master in the Vermont, New England and Provi- dence Conferences. In the year 1870 a perpetual lease of a piece of ground was secured for camp-meetings, and by an act of the Legislature, the Central Vermont Camp-Meeting Association was incorpo- rated, with power to hold all the property necessary for the purpose of holding camp- meetings, or any other meetings of a re- ligious character, Sunday-schools, picnics, or temperance meetings, and all such prop- erty to the amount of $10,000 is to be free from taxation. This ground has been fitted up at an expense of some $2,000. Several cottages have been erecte ! thereon by the different societies of the Montpelier district, and by private individuals as family residences, and camp-meetings have been held on the ground annually, we think with good success. H. W. Worthen was pastor in 1879, 80, 81. In 1879, t^^ members residing in Roxbury were organized into a Society, and their connection with the Northfield church ceased. The present membership of the church is as follows : probationers, 42 ; in full membership, 185 ; total, 227. Northfield, Jan. 19, 1882. UNIVERSALISM IN NORTHFIELD. FKOM REV. .JOHN GREGORY'S BOOK. At an early day many prominent men manifested a desire to have Universalist meetings in town, and consequently an occasional meeting was held, as a preacher of that faith came along and desired to ad- dress the people. School-houses, private houses, barns and groves were used by the. early pioneers, of Universalism, the friends feeling it a ble.ssed privilege to oc- cupy such humble places, where they could listen to the preached words. Tim- othy Bigelow was the first man we have any account of addressing the citizens of Northfield, on the subject of Universal- ism. We learn by the town records that he was ordained in Barnard, Sept. 21, 1809, by the Universalist Convention, Thomas Barnes being moderator, and Hosea Ballou, clerk. He commenced preaching in Northfield about that time, and tiiere are those now living who re- member him. No record has been preserved of the Universalist preachers who laiiored in this section up to 1821, when the union meeting-house was built in the Center vil- lage, and the members of that order, by contributing to its erection, claimed as large, if not the largest portion of it for holding their public ministrations. We learn that Father Palmer, who had for- merly been connected with the Christian denomination, became a believer in "the restitution of all things," and preached with great unction and power in different parts of this town. Father Farwell, of Barre, a devout man, preached as oppor- tunity presented in Northfield and vicinity, and had great success in making pros- elytes to that faith. On dwelling on tlie love of God, he would frequently be so carried away with his feelings that he would cry and laugh at the same time, and men and women of other names were led to admit that he was honest in his feelings ; that he believed his doctrine was the power of God unto salvation. 652 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE The Universalist church in the Center village was built in the summer of 1841, Jesse Averill. Harvey Tilden and Joel Parker being the building committee. Fathers Streeter, Palmer, Sampson, E. Ballou, A. Scott, and other Universalist clergymen took part in the dedicatory services. For a time it was quite a sub- stantial building, and although up to this day a majority of the pews are held by this order, others of weaker means are al- lowed to use it for funeral occasions, and occasionally on the Sabbath, without charge. But time, the great leveller, has written decay upon its walls, and soon it will be numbered with the things that were. Rev. L. H. Tabor was the first preacher employed after this house was built, and he labored here but half the time, being engaged the other half at Plainfield. Rev. Alanson Scott followed him in 1843, and was the first clergyman of that order who resided here. Rev. R. S. Sanborn succeed- ed him, preaching a short time, and since him other preachers supplied the desk one- half or one quarter of the time, until the new church was built at the Depot village, when the old one was abandoned entirely by those who built it. Among the prominent Universalists who contributed liberally to the erection of one or both churches at the Center village, were Amos Robinson, Jesse and Oliver Averill, Lebbeus Bennett, Elijah Burn- ham, Isaac P. Jenks, John West, John Starkweather, Heman Carpenter, Roswell Carpenter, Judge Robinson, David R. Til- den, Thomas S. Mayo, Samuel Fisk, Sid- ney Hatch, Moses Robinson, Sherman Gold, Harvey Tilden, I. W. Brown, Lewis Hassam, Volney H. Averill, Joel Parker, Elijah Pride, William Wales, Mrs. Hurl- burt, and otiiers. After repeated efforts to get a vote to build a new church in the Depot village, for the railroad was drawing business, the post-office and a majority of the citizens to that place, a vote was passed to take measures to purchase the land and proceed with the building. In November, 1858, at a society meeting, 51 votes were cast to locate said church on the H. M. Bates lot, north of the common, and H. Tenney, T. A. Miles, J. C. Gault, Sherman Gold and John Gregory were appointed a build- ing committee. The church was com- pleted the following summer, dedicated to God in the usual form December, 1859, and Rev. O. H. Tillotson selected as pas- tor, and commenced his labors the first Sunday in January, i860, at a salary of $1,000 per year. The society prospered under his ministration, for he was well liked, honoring his profession as he did by a well-ordered life. He died in Northfield in 1863, aged 47 years, lamented by a large parish, leaving a wife and one son. Of him it might have been said : "A good man has fallen." His remains were interred in our beau- tiful Elmwood, and many a tear has fallen upon his grave, at the recollection of his manly bearing and Christian usefulness. Rev. Eli Ballou supplied the pulpit un- til the Rev. C. W. Emerson was settled as pastor, who labored with them 3 years. Then followed the Rev. Stacy Haines Mat- lack, an excellent young brother, who, in feeble health, preached to the society near- ly one year, but was compelled to resign his pasturate, and died at the home of his parents, in Eaton, O., Apr. 15, 1870, age 30 years. He was a graduate of St. Law- rence University at Canton, N. Y., of the class of '71, and Northfield was his first charge. The Rev. R. A. Green followed Mr. Matlack, remaining 5 years. Since then the hard times and the removal of many friends, have greatly embarrassed the so- ciety. Rev. W. M. Kimmell, of Ohio, commenced his labors as pastor the first Sunday in May, 1878. FREE WILL BAPTIST CHURCH. This denomination had quite a good so- ciety in 1823, so that they drew more pub- lic money than the Methodists that year. But schism got in among them, they died out, and have no longer a name to live in Northfield. Elder Nathaniel King was their prominent preacher Sylvanus, son of Col. Ezekiel Robinson, was ordained as a Baptist Elder, by the NORTHFIELD. 6S3 laying on of hands, by Elders James Mor- gan, George Hackett, and Ziba Pope, Feb. 27, 1 82 1, and preached here and else- where as opportunity presented. James Morgan was ordained as a Bap- tist Elder, June, 1822, by Elders Daniel Batchelder and Thomas Moxley, and preached considerable in Northfield.. Ma- ny years have passed since the Baptists gave up their organization, and the writer has not been able to find one of that order tliat can give him a history of the rise and decline of this once prominent society. Deacon Nathaniel Jones was its principal lay member, and his zealous advocacy of Millerism not only tended to break up the Baptist society, but injured him in point of property. John GREGORY. REV. NATHANIEL KING. From an obituary by Elder Henderson, who preached his funeral sermon : Died in Northfield, Oct. 18, 1852, Elder Nathaniel King, aged 85-^ years. He was born in Hampstead, N. H. ; at 8 years, his father removed to Sutton, N. H., where he resided until 21 years of age. At 22, he visited Tunbridge, Vt., which was new and but sparsely settled, purchas- ed a tract of land and commenced making improvements. In 1794 he married Miss Lydia Noyce, which relation was sustain- ed with honor and fidelity 58 years. He was permitted to see an interesting family gathered around him. In 1799, he indulg- ed a hope in Christ, and in 1802, was pub- licly consecrated to the work of the gos- pel ministry. His ministerial labors will live in grateful remembrance while his re- mains moulder in the dust. He felt deep- ly interested for the heathen in his blind- ness, the slave in his chains, and the poor around him. He contributed $100 for the endowment of the Vree Will Baptist Biblical School at Whitestown, N. Y., $150 for the Bible cause, $350 for the Mission cause, and other benevolent enterprises shared in his liberal contributions. Of his useful life, 42 years were spent in Tunbridge and Randolph, and 14 years in Northfield. In each of these towns he se- cured the confidence and esteem of his townsmen, and as a token of their esteem and confidence he was appointed to offi- ces of trust, and for 13 years represented the town of Tunbridge in the Legislature. Elder King, as a husband and parent, was kind and afi'ectionate ; as a citizen, upright and patriotic ; as a Christian, hum- ble, faithful and consistent ; as a minister, in his public ministrations plain, direct and fearless, — in labors untiring, and suc- cessful. He was long spared to bless the church and the world. His sickness was protracted and dis- tressing ; but he repeatedly assured his friends that the doctrine he had preached for more than half a century sustained him in the time of trial. His end was calm and triumphant. In his removal, one of the strong men and faithful watchmen of Zion has fallen. M. C. Henderson. East Randolph, Oct. 25, 1852. OBITUARY OF MRS. NATHANIEL KING. Lydia, widow of the late Rev. Nathan- iel King, died in Middlesex, Feb. 5, aged 90 years, 6 months. She was born in Bow, N. H., and when quite young, re- moved to Tunbridge, Vt., where she re- sided many years. In 1794, she married the man whose relation was enjoyed for 58 years. She indulged a hope in Christ in in 1799, and soon after received baptism and united with the F. Baptist church in Tunbridge. During the 50 years' minis- try of her husband, she ever encouraged him in his work, and enjoyed the satisfac- tion of having contributed much to the cause of Christ. Her interest was identi- fied with the denomination for 70 years, and in advanced age, her attachment was not allowed to decliue. A family of 5 sons and 8 daughters gathered around her. Nine remain to mourn her departure, and cherish her memory. She lived to see a numerous posterity extending to the fourth genera- tion. Her last 10 years were pleasantly passed in the family of Stephen Herrick, Esq., (Mrs. H. a daughter,) where she received the kindest attention. On the loth, funeral services were conducted by the writer, after which her remains were brought to Northfield, and laid by the side 654 VERMONT HISTORICAL xMAGAZINE. of those of her husband. The occasion was solemn and interesting. M. C. Henderson. THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH \ liad something of a following in 1823, but was the smallest of all, as we learn by the amount of public money they drew. Af- ter the yellow meeting house was removed from the Center, they ceased holding meetings, and became extinct as a reli- gious society. Efforts have been made to find some one that would give a brief ac- count of this order in Northfield, but in vain. J. G. CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH IN NORTHFIELD. BY REV. WM. S. HAZEN. Most of the first settlers of Northfield were Universalists, and for a number of years that was the prevailing religious in- fluence in town. Then a Methodist church and a Free Will Baptist church were organ- ized ; and as the population of the town increased, a number of families were found who preferred the " Congregational Way." Virgil Washburn, a devoted Christian, who came from Randolph, was especially active among them. Occasionally meet- ings were held in private houses or barns. Sometimes they had preaching by clergy- men from neighboring towns. The pro- fessing Christians among this company, after consultation as to liow they could best promote their own spiritual interests and those of their friends, decided to form a church. The meeting was called and the church organized in " the little yellow meeting-house" at the Center Village. The first record of the church reads : Northfield, May 27, 1822. This day was organized the first Congregational church of Christ in this town. Composed of the following persons, viz : Josiah B. Strong, Virgil Washburn, Moses R. Dole, Samuel Whitney, Thomas Whitney, Lucy Whit- ney, Clarissa Strong, Rizpah Whitney and Betsey Houghton, by professing their faith in Christ, and entering into covenant bonds with God and each other. They then pro- ceeded to choose Brother Josiah B. Strong Moderator, Brother Samuel Whitney clerk, and Dea. Virgil Washburn Deacon. Attest, ELIJAH LYMAN.) Ministers of AM.MI NICHOLS, ( the Gospel. June 17, 1822, there is this record: This day held a church meeting accord- ing to appointment. Voted to hold open communion with all regularly organized Christian churches. The feelings of these nine Christian men and women as they stood up and entered into covenant with one another and the Lord J can be better imagined than de- scribed. It was a step on their part taken after much deliberation and prayer. They felt the importance of the movement, and the responsibility resting upon them indi- vidually. They were in earnest in seeking the honor and glory of God, and the spir- itual good of their friends and neighbors. To secure for themselves and children reli- gious privileges, they were willing to bear heavy burdens, to practice great self-denial. Thus this small company were organized into a church and ready for Christian work ; but their condition and prospects, humanly speaking, were not flattering ; they had no home. The only right they had in any house of worship, was in the small meet- ing-house in which the church was organ- ized. This they could occupy the fifth Sabbath of every month in which there were five Sabbaths. They had not the means with which to provide themselves a home. They were not able, even, to sup- port regular preaching ; occasionally they had preaching, and the ordinances were administered by the pastors of neighbor- ing churches : Revs. Elijah Lyman, Ammi Nichols, James Hobart, Salmon Hurlburt, E. B. Baxter, Joel Davis, Amariah Chan- dler, Henry Jones, A. C. Washburn, F. Reynolds and others; such was the distrust of their success, many whose sym- pathies were with Congregationalism stood aloof even during a very extensive revival about 1825 ; the converts who would nat- urally have united with this church, turned from it because they thought it would prove a failure. The first addition to the church was Sarah Shipman, Feb. 23, 1823. Dur- ing the first 10 years there were ig admis- sions and 2 dismissions by letter. I have no record of deaths. If none, the church when ID years old numbered only 26, These were years of struggling for very ex- istence. When the church had increased in NORTHFIELD. 655 strength and influence, so that it was thought advisable to hold public services every Sabbath, a school-house in the Depot village was occupied. Shut out of this house by vote of the district, a large room in Gov. Paine's woolen factory was used. During the winter of 1835, a subscription paper was started to raise funds to build a church, but Gov. Paine forestalled the necessity by building a house and inviting the church to worship in it, and it was dedicated to " The Father, Son and Holy Ghost," Dec. i, 1836, Rev. J. K. Converse of Burlington, preaching the sermon, and offering the dedicatory prayer. This house was occupied for about 6 years, when the church decided to build a house at the Center for itself, of which it would have the entire control. The edifice was erected and dedicated Aug. 3, 1843 ; thus when 21 years old the church had a habitation of its own as well as a name. The church continued to worship in this house, till the railroad having been built and business so centered in the Depot village it seemed desirable the church should be there, and Dec. 1854, it was decided to change back from the Center, and the house built by Gov. Paine formerly used, was bought of the heirs, enlarged, repaired, and has been the home of the church since. The first 10 years the church could not hold meetings regularly on the Sabbath, but the last years "reading meetings" were held, which Dea. Cady usually con- ducted. Gov. Paine frequently reading the sermon. In Sept. 1833, Mr. James Ferguson, a young man, commenced laboring with the church. He was called to be its pastor, but died the very day he was to have been ordained and installed. On the last Sabbath in May, 1834, Rev. Calvin Granger preached for the church, and arrangements were made with him for " stated supply." June 4, 1836, thechurch voted to give Rev. Calvin Granger a call to become the pastor, with a salary from the church and society of $200, the re- mainder of the salary to be supplied by the Home Missionary Society. Dec. I, 1836, Mr. Granger was installed, and was pastor till Dec. 1842, when he was dismissed by advice of a council. After this I find no record of any action of the church in regard to ministers until Sept. 12, 1843, when Rev. Thos. S. Hub- bard was invited to become pastor, who declined, and Nov. 25th, after, the church voted to hire Rev. Wm. Claggettone year, whose services were retained till the end of 1845. Again, no record of action in regard to a minister till Sept. 19, 1846 ; the church voted to employ Rev. J. H. Benton one year. March 24, 1847, he was installed, and was pastor till Sept. 7, 1849, when dismissed by advice of a council. The rea- sons given were, "inadequate support, a call received from a church in Michigan, and circumstances growing out of that call." In Jan. 1850, Mr. Ambrose Smith was acting pastor ; July 9, 1850, ordained ; dis- missed Apr. 24, 1853, and soon after Rev. C. B. Tracy became acting pastor. He received a unanimous call to become pas- tor. There is no record of the acceptance of this call, but he remained acting pastor till the close of 1855. Dec. 27, 1855, Rev. L. H. Stone was voted a call to become pastor. His labors commenced the first of April, but there is no record of the acceptance of this call, and Mr. Stone was not installed, but con- tinued acting pastor till the first of Apr. 1863, when Mr. C. W. Thompson supplied till the first of Sept. after, when the min- istry of the present pastor. Rev. Wm. S. Hazen, commenced, who was ordained pastor Oct. 12, 1864. The first deacon was Virgil Washburn, who held the office from the day of organ- ization till Apr. I, 1832, when at his own request he was dismissed, and recommend- ed to the fellowship of the church in Ran- dolph. Aug. II, 1832, Caleb Winch and Calvin Cady were chosen deacons, and continued in office until their death ; the first, Apr. 27, 1843; the last, Apr. 12, 1864. There is no record of the election of Chas. C. Closson and Samuel Denny, but it must have been during 1843. They served till their dismission by letter ; the 656 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. one in 1848, to the church in Worcester, in which he held the same office a number of years, and died in 1872; the other to the church in Thetford. Dea. Denny, after his return to this church in Aug. 1850, served for some time. Wm. Winch was chosen July, 1848, and is now the senior deacon of the church. There is no record of tlie election of Leonard Harring- ton, who served several years previous to his removal to the church in Waitsfield. Lorenzo Belknap was elected Aug. 8, 1864, and Daniel Chandler, at present one of the acting deacons, July, 1880. Clerks of the Church. — Samuel Whitney, Chas. C. Closson, John L. Buck, Calvin Granger, John L. Buck, J. H. Benton, Truman S. Kellogg, Ambrose Smith, Sam- uel Denny, Wm. S. Hazen, M. McClearn, .J. H. Orcutt. The church has enjoyed only two ex- tensive revivals ; one during the winter of 1835-36, which resulted in more than doubling the membership, the other in the winters of 1841, '2. The total mem- bership is 372; present membership, 126. Though there had been something of a Sabbath-school, or better, perhaps, Bible classes, connected with the church for sev- eral years, the school was not regularly organized until Dec. 1836, when Samuel Denny was chosen superintendent, since which the school has been well sustained, but never was more flourishing than now, when it numbers 156; and at least three who here first professed their faith in Christ, have become ministers of the Gos- pel : Rev. Daniel Parker [see page 644], Rev. C. M. Winch, who is now pastor of the church at Hartland, and Rev. Geo. W. Winch, pastor of the Congregational church in Enfield, Conn., and two others who united with this church by letter, have become clergymen, and are laboring in the West. This church was formerly aided by the Vt. D. M. S., the last record of such aid being in Nov. 1855. This review may at first present some- thing of discouragement ; to some it may seem as though Christian effort here has been useless, or at least very inefficient ; that after 60 years of labor there is so small a church numerically to show. It must be remembered that the fruits of any moral or religious undertaking are never all to be seen. " One soweth and another reap- eth." Aside from the influence on this community in sustaining a Christian church 60 years, the full value of which eternity alone will reveal, the church has been continually exerting a wider influence in sending forth to other parts of the land those nurtured in its bosom. Who will attempt to estimate the good it has thus been continually doing? Such country churches as this, gaining slowly if at all, yet constantly holding on, are like those mountain springs which are continually sending forth their sparkling streams to irrigate and fertilize the valleys below, thus making, what would otherwise be a barren waste, a fruitful garden. No cause of discouragement here, then, but rather of devout gratitude that this church is as strong as it is to-day, while it has done what it has for others. THE EPISCOPAL CHURCH. BY REV. FRANKLIN W. BARTLETT, The Parish of St. Mary's was first or- ganized in 1 85 1, under the auspices of the Rev. Dr. Josiah Perry, who died after four or five months of faithful service. We ascertain from the records that an associa- tion was created April 10, 1 851, to form a parish in Northfield, for the purpose of supporting the gospel ministry and main- taining public worship, in conformity with the constitution and canons of the Prot- estant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Vermont. The name adopted was St. Mary's Parish, Northfield. The Articles of Association were signed by Samuel W. Thayer, Jr., Edward H. Williams, H. H. Camp, James C. B. Thayer, F. E. Smith, E. G. Babcock, W. H. Cornwell, Perley Belknap, James Moore, H. L. Briggs, Isaiah Shaw, J. H. Glennie, Benj. Crid- land, J. N. Mack, Riverius Camp, Jr., Ozro Foster, O. H. Finley, Peyton Booth, John Pollock and D. P. Burns. Nearly all of these have since removed, or are deceased. The first service was conducted in a pri- NORTHFIELD. 657 vate school-house, at present occupied as Judge Carpenter's office. The parish or- ganization was maintained ; but after Dr. Perry's death no services were lield until the winter of 1856-7, when clergymen from different parts of the State officiated, and worship was conducted at the Center vil- lage. There were then but four commu- nicants. Tlie summer following a change was made to the Depot village, and to the edifice ever since occupied. It had for- merly belonged to the Congregationalists, but was purchased for its present purpose and removed from the Center village to its present eligible site at the corner of Main and Elm streets. After its removal, it was opened for divine service on Christmas day, 1857, by the Rt. Kev. John Henry Hopkins, D. D., LL. D., a.ssisted by the Rector of Montpelier, who came accom- panied with his choir and about 30 of his congregation. On the following day, (Saturday) the house was solemnly conse- crated. The Rev. Messrs. F. W. Shel- ton, Josiah Swett, Gemont Graves, and Wm. C. Hopkins participated in the ser- vice. Toward the parish Mr. Swett had evinced great interest and zeal, and had raised money for it in other parts of the diocese. The Vestry subsequently passed a resolution acknowledging their obliga- tions to him. From this time the church was served by the 4 clergymen just named and by the Rev. Messrs. C. R. Bachelder, A. Oliver, M. A. Herrick, and T. L. Ran- dolph. A Sunday School was organized by the last named, in Jan. 1858. The Church had been hitherto under the gener- al supervision of the Clerical Convocation of Vermont, but on Feb. 17, 1858, a call was extended by the Vestry to the Rev. Wm. C. Hopkins, a deacon, the youngest son of the Bishop. The latter, as his eccle- siastical superior, having given his consent, Mr. H. entered on his duties, Easter day, Apr. 5, 1858. The free seat system was advocated by him, and on May 23, the Vestry passed a resolution declaring it de- sirable, but it was not then made the rule. Mr. Hopkins was ordained a priest Sept. 30, 1858. On New Year's day, 1862, the Vestry made the pews unconditionally free, 83 and have never since rented them. On Sept. 25, 1862, the (Governor appointed Mr. Hopkins chaplain in the army. The Vestry passed resolutions of congratula- tion, and consented to part with him for a time, but asked him to continue their rector. It was so arranged. The Rev. J. Isham Bliss (now professor in the Uni- versity of Vermont and officiating in mis- sion stations,) conducted services for the next 6 months. Meantime, the Rector wrote from Pensacola, Fla,, under date of Feb. 27, 1863, resigning the rectorship, but the \'estry declined to accept the resig- nation. The Rev. Gemont Graves (now of Burlington) became minister-in-charge in May, 1863, and continued such one year. Charles Fay, D. D. (now of Chica- go, then of St. Albans,) officiated on Sun- days in the following summer, and ser- vices were thereafter conducted by Dan- forth H. Brown, as lay reader. The res- ignation of Mr. Hopkins as rector was ac- cepted Nov. 27, 1864, with expressions of great regret. He had been an active and laborious pastor, and was greatly beloved. During his absence from his charge he had continued to manifest his interest by sending gifts of money for the church from himself and his regiment, the 7th of Vt. Vols. The Presbyter John B. Pitman, formerly of Fishkill, N. Y., (now of Ma- lone, N. Y.,) became rector in the spring of 1865. His resignation was accepted Nov. 13, 1866. The able and learned Edward Bourns, LL. D., the President of Norwich University, was engaged to conduct services until a rector could be procured. He was made minister-in-charge Easter, 1867, and continued his official re- lations until Roger S. Howard, D. D., pre- viously of St. James, Woodstock, became rector, in the summer of 1869. Dr. How- ard was at the same time President of the University. During this period a chancel was added to the church at considerable cost, in fulfil- ment of assurances made Dr. H. before his acceptance. A very handsome stained glass window was placed over the altar by Mr. J. C. B. Thayer as a memorial to his deceased wife. Dr. Howard resigned the 658 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. rectorship, May, 1872. The Rev. Amos D. McCoy, a clergyman of fine talents and a remarkably good reader, officiated for a short time, but his state of health did not admit of protracted mental exertion. He retired, and a vacancy followed. Dr. Malcolm Douglass, who had succeeded Dr. Howard, as President of the University, frequently officiated at St. Mary's. The Rev. G. C. V. Eastman was next elected rector, and entered upon his duties, Jan. 30, 1873. He resigned Apr. 5, 1875. I^''- P. D. Bradford and Dr. George Nichols conducted the services, as lay readers until the appointment of the Rev. Wm. Lloyd Himes, deacon, in the .spring of 1876, who resigned the parish to take effect Easter 1877, having meantime been advanced to the sacred order of priests. There fol- lowed an interval of several months lay- reading. The present Rector, Franklin Weston Bartlett, formerly of the diocese of Pennsylvania, entered upon the charge Christmas day, 1877, just 20 years since the church was opened by Bishop Hopkins. The interior of the church has been re- cently improved, and some gifts have been made for the chancel by individuals. Among these is an altar cross to the mem- ory of the late Gen. Alonzo Jackman, who was a faithful and devout Christian, and for several years senior warden of St. Mary's. CATHOLIC CHURCH IN NORTHFIELO. BY KEV. Z. DRUON, V. G. This place received occasional visits from the Rev. Fathers O'Callaghan, Daly, Drolet, Maloney and Coopman, O. M. I., before any permanent mission was estab- lished. Father R. J. Maloney purchased an old meeting-house in 1855 — the old Yellow L'nion Meeting-house — which was the first meeting-house built in the town. See page 649. He had it removed to a lot which had been given by the late Gov. Paine for the benefit of the Catholics, and which has been and still is used as a burying-ground. Rev. Z. Druon, then of Montpelier, attended this parish every other Sunday from 1856 till 1864. Father Druon commenced remodeling extensively the old church in 1863, which was finished by Rev. F. Clavier, and dedicated in Oct. 1870, under the patronage of St. John the Baptist. This church was burned by light- ning — entirely consumed, July, 1876: the loss, however, mostly covered b\ insur- ance. Father Clavier also purchased, immediately after his appointment as pastor of Northfield Catholic parish, a fine resi- dence, on which, in 1875, '^^ built a large chapel adjoining his own house for week day services. It is used now on .Sundays as a temporary church till the new church can be erected. Rev. Z. Druon. Aug. 21, 1876. The Bishop of Burlington writes : " The present pastor of Northfield, Rev. John Galligan, came to reside in that village Oct. 1876, and the present handsome church edifice which he erected was ble.ssed on Oct. 24, 1877." The newspaper record of the time : " The Catholic church, of wood, 51.^x125; a 125-foot spire ; which will seat about 600 ; cost about $10,000 ; upon V^ine street ; was blessed according to the Roman ritual ; high mass by Father Casey, of St. Albans. Te Deum by choir, and sermon by Rev. Father Cunningham, of Middlebury, his text being from Psalms : ' I love the house of God and the place where his glory dwelleth.' A collection of $300 was then taken. A large number of prominent clergymen were present from various parts of the State. The church numbers from 600 to 700 communicants, and is in charge of the Rev. John Gallagher, for 10 years priest of the parish at VVaterbury. JUDGE ELIJAH AND GOV. CHARLES PAINE, who were not Northfield men by birth, and one not even by residence, but who did more for the town in its early settle- ment and aftergrowth than any other cit- izens. Judge Elijah Paine, the leading spirit among all the settlers in this vi- cinity, did not live in our town, but on our very borders, just over in Williams- town, which town has already the honor of having his biography — written up by the Paine family, recorded upon her page of history in this work, vol. 11, p. 11 50 — but it is our privilege, and a very pleasant NORTHFIELD. 659 duty, to record his interests, and his heart was always largely with Northfield. He built the first grist and saw-mill and factory in this town. Full of energy and enterprise, just the man to clear up a new country, he had much to do with the be- ginnings of Northfield, and induced many others, sturdy and responsible settlers, to come into this town. His factory, says Mr. Gregory, which he built in Northfield when a wilderness, 180x42 feet, with 6 sets of woolen machinery, cost $50,000 : employed from 175 to 200 workmen, and indirectly several hundred more. The proprietors of Northfield, at a meet- ing held at Burch's Inn, in Hartford, Vt., 2d Tues. of Nov. 1784, voted he should have the privilege of pitching 200 or 400 acres of land in Northfield at his option, on condition he would build a good saw- mill in said Northfield within 18 months, and a grist-mill in a year. He built the mills, in what is now called the mill woods on the road to Williamstown, and the re- mains are lying in the water near the bridge that crosses over to the poor farm. The ravine is one of the wildest and most romantic places we know of, and the very last place (with our abundance of water- power), that would be selected at the present day for that purpose. For many years this place was the only one in town where milling was done. Customers who came quite a distance frequently brought their grists upon their backs, or on horse- back. Vehicles were few in those days. Occasionally a "one-horse shay " was seen, and the early settlers did not think it l)e- neath their dignity to goto mill or meeting in an ox-cart. Judge Paine cleared the first land in Northfield, near his mills, which was sub- sequently owned and occupied many years by John Averill, and then by D. T. Av- erill. The Judge had rare executive ability, and could manage a gang of men with success, making everything count to his advantage and profit. He kept from 1400 to 1500 sheep, and worked his wool into flannel and broadcloths. In the haying season it was no uncommon thing to see 30 or 40 men in the field, all steady at work, for the owner was around with his eyes open, seeing that they earned their wages. Many clever anecdotes are told of him. His punctuality was proverbial. On a time when the inmates of his house had all retired, he remembered he had not paid a note due Mr. Ainsworth, of Wil- liamstown, on that day, and going to the chamber door he cried out, "John, John, get up and harness my horse." Before twelve at midnight the note was paid. Upon Mr. Ainsworth's saying, " You need not have taken the trouble to come to-night, to-morrow would have answered,"' the Judge replied, in his quick, nervous style, ' ' Did 1 not promise to pay it to-day ? " Hon. Daniel Baldwin lived in Ber- lin, on Dog river, when a lad, and went to mill on horseback in the "Mill woods," when but few buildings had been erected on the route. When he had become a merchant in Montpelier, Judge Paine call- j ed upon him for the loan of $1,000 for a few ! days. He said that amount was due him j at Washington for his services as United States Judge, and he had expected it every day for some time, and would return it as : soon as he could get it from the go\'ern- ment. Baldwin told him he would loan it to him if he could be sure and have it at a given time, as he should then want it to I buy goods with in Boston. The Judge promised that he should have it. and re- I ceived it, but not hearing anything from i him up to the day previous, Baldwin made I arrangements to go after his goods, think- ing he would call on the Judge on his wav, and get his money. But as he was about taking the stage, he looked out of his store, and saw the Judge hurrying along, to be " on time." He had the money, and made explanation : He had waited for it until the day before, but not receiving it, as expected, he went to Woodstock some 40 miles and obtained it. He paid Baldwin according to agree- ment by going without sleep, riding all night, traveling not far from 80 miles in order to keep his word good, so punctual was he in his business transactions. Men are now living in Northfield who 66o VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. can well remember the time when a log cabin was put on wheels, improvised by Gov. Paine, and drawn to Burlington, July 12, 1840, in the days of " Tippecanoe and Tyler too." It was a unique affair, and attracted immense attention by its novelty, and one of our most esteemed cit- izens remembers tapping a barrel of cider and dispensing it to the distinguished crowd who rode inside of this rustic ve- hicle. We take an extract from an article written by De Witt C. Clark, editor of the Burlington Times, giving a graphic de- scription of the celebration. He says : But what attracted most our attention, next to the imposing display of numbers, was a beautiful log cabin from Northfield, mounted on wheels and drawn by 12 su- perb grays, decorated with flags and fes- toons. This team, we are told, belongs to an honest yeoman in Brookfield, and is ordinarily engaged in transporting produce to Boston ; but, said the patriotic owner, this is the proudest load that ever my team was attached to, and to the country the most profitable. Without rein or check, these noble steeds promptly responded to the "Gee up!" "Whoa, Dobbin!" of the brave mountaineer who directed them, and when we saw them proudly treading our streets and doubling the shortest cor- ners, with a rural tenement large enough for a country school-house, we could not help exclaiming, in the language of the old song : I'vf often thought, if I were asked Whose lot I envied most. What one I thouglit most lightly tasked. Of man's unnumbered host, I'd say I'd be a mountain boy. And drive a noble team, wo-hoy! Wo-hoy! I'd cry. Now by yon sky I'd soonerdrive those steeds Than win renown, Or wear a crown, Won by victorious deeds. The cabin itself was a very fine one, constructed of peeled logs, 20x10 feet, covered with bai'k, fitted up with paper curtains, a rough door, and a leather string, which hung out. The antlers of a noble stag graced one peak, while the outer covering of some unlucky coon stretched upon the gable bespoke the fate of sub-treasurers and cornfield poachers. This tenement, too, was well filled with the early tenants of log cabins, and bore this significant motto : "The people are coming ! " Exclamations were heard from every rank by the surrounding thousands. with three times three for old Washington, Paine and the Northfield cabin. GOV. CHARLES PAINE. [For his early life see Williamstown, in vol. II.] [From Mr. Cxregory's History of Northfield. J " To Hon. Charles Paine we ai^e in- debted, first, for our beautiful Depot vil- lage, which was the center of the first rail- road projection in our Green Mountain State. This being the headquarters for the "Vermont Central," the shops were here located by his influence, and had Provi- dence lengthened his life to this day, we can imagine what great prosperity would have blessed our town. Well may North- field consider Charles Paine her great ben- efactor. No other man in Vermont could have interested, like him, Peter C. Brooks, Harrison Gray Otis, and others, men of great wealth, to favor the project of build- ing a railroad in this Mountain State at that time. Having been the Chief Magis- trate of Vermont, and becoming acquaint- ed with these leading minds, while in col- lege, he carried an influence that but few, if any, could, and which brought him di- rectly into intimate relations with the best men in New England, and the road was built. Many citizens of Northfield will remem- ber with what rejoicing ground was broken near the depot by Gov. Paine, for the Vt. Central Railroad, the spade he used being still preserved by the railroad officials. This was Jan. 8, 1847, and the first train came into Northfield depot, Oct. 11, 1848, at 20 minutes past 9 o'clock, p. m., con- ducted by Charles Paine Kiinball. [Nov. 4, 1848. The Governor made the first excursion on his new railroad, which is thus described in a letter to his wife the next day by Gen. D. W. C. Clarke : An hour ago I returned from Northfield. from tlie excursion on the Central Railroad, yesterday. We left Montpelier — the Gov- ernor, and about 200 members of the Legislature, Secretary of State, and other dignitaries- a few minutes after 7 o'clock, yesterday morning, and at half-past nine left Northfield, in a special ti^ain for Leba- non, 53 miles — the whole length of the Central road now opened. In two hours, NORTHFIELD. 66i ten minutes, we found ourselves at Leba- non. We remained a little more than an hour, undergoing the hospitality of Mr. Campbell, — the great Bridge-Making En- gineer, who built the bridge across the Hudson at Troy — and arrived at North- field, again, a little after 3 o'clock, p. M., having travelled from Montpelier about 1 16 miles. No persons were admitted to the special train provided l^y the Governor for this Legislative excursion, excepting specially invited ; and very few special invitations were extended. Ex-Governor Eaton, Professor Benedict, Mr. Brainerd of St. Albans, Mr. Upham, and a few others. There were about 250 on the train, and probably, two-thirds of them had never before seen a railroad. This class of leg- islators ( ?) was very inquisitive about the whole matter, asking a thousand questions that a well-informed boy might as well have answered. . . . But I only want to tell you about my participation in the excursion : In the cars between Northfield and Bethel, I wrote off a song for the occa- sion, which, for its local allusions and hits, was received with great good feeling, and which Mr. Houghton, Mr. Shafter and I had to sing, tolerably often, before we got back again. I really don 't think it worthy of publishing abroad. But Fred Houghton made a copy which will probably appear in the Tuesday's Boston Atlas. I say this to you, ... to invoke your charity for me, and my vanity, or good nature in con- senting to have it printed. But I did, and " there is the end on't." Caroline (the Governor's sister,) is now on a visit to the Governor's. . . . She 662 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. wanted to go with us on our excursion over Because he has a rough old way the road, but as there were no other ladies In that old pate, 'tis said. on the train, she declined. Of doing things when he takes hold; They call it " going ahead! " A long and glowing description of the Hurrah! Hurrah! new railroad, and the first great excursion ride of the Vermont Legislature upon it, For Belknap, high and low ! Fie goes ahead because, you see. He's got a head to go! appeared in the Thursday issue of the Bos- ^ In section 3, it is declared. ton Argus, following, if we rightly remem- That that 'ere long man, Moore, ber, filling a page or more of the Argus, Who straddles this old iron horse. and with the impromptu song born of the And brings us through secure, Shall be the Chief old Engineer, ride — which it was stated in the pajDer was By special legislation. sung some thirty times aboard the train, going and returning, at the flush feast of Of this 'ere J'int Assembly here.— As ZACH shall of the nation! Hurrah! Hurrahl Belknap — his grand dinner to the Legisla- Let's make the echoes roar! ture — which was sung more and more up- Though other roads are safe enough. The Central Road is Moore! roarously as on waxed the hour. In section 4, it is set down. "THE RAILROAD SONG. That "mong these monntain ridges. WRITTEN BY GEN. CLARKE ABOARD THE CARS The name of Campbell shall resound : BETWEEN NORTHFIELD AND BETHEL. The Hero of the Bridges! ri/^e— "Dearest Mae." And that the ni.an to carry out We took ail early start to-day. A project very mighty. And hraved a rough old ride. And show that "it is bound to go,"' To reach the place wliere Paine, tliey say, Is that 'ere same " Old whitey! " Wins jieople to his side ; Hurrah! Hurrah! Tlie iron-horse was breatliing gas Let's keep the chorus humming! In tlie "sequestered vale," For word has passed along the line- And every one ambitious was That same old " Campbell's coming! " To ride upon a rail 1 Hurrah! Hurrah 1 As an amendment to the bill For Governor I'aine, theRail-er! It's moved to add a section, He builds his roads o'er rocks and hills. Which has a tendency to raise And goes for General Taylor! A rather sad reflection : — It is that Governor Paine do seek— Hurrahl Hurrah! Hurrah! (Why, what's the man about?) If It don't beat all natur'! To keep the family on earth— To see the "wisdom and the virtu'" The race must not run out! Of our great Legislatur' Hurrah! Hurrah! A riding through the hills and vales. For Paine, the bachelor .' From Northfield to the river. The wonder groweth every day. On Governor Paine's new-fashioned rails! What's he unmarried for? Inever! did you ever? Hurrah! Hurrah! &c. Amendment 2d is proposed:— It is to make provision I tell you what it is, old boys, That shall our thanks to Campbell sliow This ride we are not loth in, With very nice precision. Especially when we do the thing He has a head that's great to plan. Free gratis and for nothin'! A will that never flinches: And when, besides, the dinner comes We wish you'd find a bigger man On just such terms again. Than CAMPBELL, of his Inches. I'd like to know who will not sing. Hurrah! Hurrah! Hurrah for Governor Paine! For "Whitey," brave and true! Hurrah! Hurrah! *c. His heart goes fitly with his head? I wish to introduce a bill— So say I— what say YOU ? I otfer it quite humbly. And move Its passage through these cars. Now if the President will rise. By this 'ere J'int Assembly:— And put the thing to vote. Section 1 provides tliat Paine I'd like to know your sentiments Shall have the right to go Upon this bill I've wrote; With his old Railroad where he will; And so, to end the matter well. He'll do it whether or no ! Before we take a glass. Hurrah! Hurrah! &c. I hope you all will answer " Aye! " And let the old bill pass. The id section has a clause, Hurrah? Hurrah! As sharp as any cat's, Please put this vote again ; That when old Belknai' comes along. All you who are affirmative. We'll raise our cotton hats, — Hurrah for Governor PaInbI NORTHFIELD. 663 1 think I may declare the vote — I'll do It if you will. And now announce to this J'int House The passage of the bill; It is before the Governor— We care for no Veto — If Governor Paine won't sign the act, Our COOLTDGE will, we know! Hurrah! Hurrah! &c. It now is moved that we adjourn. And in the usual way; For plain it is, at this late hour. We break up " without day;'' And when we'reach our homes again. We'll tell the wondrous tale. How Paine has rode this J'int Assembly on a rail! Hurrah! Hurrah! &c. As for the title of our i)ill, It is decreed to be:— " An act to lighten public cares, And aid festivity."' So now farewell to Governor Paine, To Belknap, Campbell, Moore I This J'int Assembly is dissolved; ''Tv/a.s liquor fied before! Farewell! Farewell!] Gov. Paine felt an interest in education and religion. He donated the land on which was built our Academy, and $500 in money, and gave the institution an excellent apparatus. His executors donated (that is he gave in his will), the Catholic church the land for their church and cemetery. He gave the land for Elmwood cemetery, according to his expressed desire before he went to Texas, and he built the church in the Depot village, now occupied by the Congregational society, from his own funds, wishing to have a convenient place for the people to attend meeting. By all which we see the de.sire of his heart for the wel- fare of his race. The Rev. Ezra Gannett, D. D., of Boston, remarked, in preaching his funeral sermon : The early life of Charles Paine was passed under circumstances suited to pre- pare him for the part he afterwards filled. Born almost on the commencement of a century remarkable for its control of me- chanical agencies, and the development of popular institutions, he entered on the period of his vigor at a time for the favor- able e.xercise of his peculiar abilities. His father, the late Judge Paine, was one of the most honorable citizens of the State, and merited the respect which was award- ed him. The influence of his home doubt- less laid the foundation of that character which in subsequent life raised the son to a not less conspicuous position. Amidst the green hills of his birthplace he breath- ed the air of a manly freedom and a vir- tuous energy. Nature spoke to him in her clear and sweet tone, and he listened in the uncorrupted delight of youth. Sur- rounded by a yeomanry that have ever maintained a frank independence, in union with honest industry, intelligent, brave and hospitable, free from the vices of suburban communities, and strong in their local attachments, he acquired the traits which ripened into a wise and noble man- hood. The love of his native State, the inborn passion of every son of Vermont, lost none of its fervor as his judgment grew more mature. He loved her mountains and her streams, her history and her people! At the age of 17 he became a member of Harvard college. It was there my acquaintance with him began, and there that the bonds of friendship, which 4 years of various fortunes served but to strengthen, were knit between him and his fellow-students ! Among them was not one who regarded him with any other feel- ings than those of respect and esteem. Thirty-five years after," added Mr. Gan- nett, " they first met in the halls of Cam- bridge ; nearly one-half of the surviving members of his class were assembled, by his invitation, around the board, which was spread with an ample hospitality. I recall that scene with special interest, for it shows me the host and friend happy in the sympathy of an occasion which he made delightful to others. I see his erect form, his open face, his princely demeanor. 1 hear his words of cordial greeting, and feel no painful obligation, since 1 am sure of his enjoyment of the re-union, for which we were indebted to him, whose hand we shall never grasp again, for the ineffable recollections of that day. Governor Paine was not a man of pro- fessions. His words were not many, and they never were uttered to secure admira- tion or to forestall an impartial judgment. It is not strange, therefore, that he said little on the subject of religion. But such actions as speak more loudly than words attest both the reality and the character of his faith. This edifice is a memorial of the value he set on the institution of public worship, and an unsectarian administra- tion of religious truth. On this point he was strenuous and consistent. The most emphatic disapproval of dogmatic exclu- siveness which he could have left, as well as the most decisive testimony to his faith in the great Christian truths, is given in the paper by which he makes a final dis- position of his property. This remarkable document contains also 664 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. unimpeachable proof of that disinterested concern for the good of others, and that desire to see all classes of the people en- jo3ing the means of knowledge, virtue and happiness, which I think gave to his char- acter its largest claim on our fond remem- brance. As a testamentary provision, I should not be surprised to learn that it is without a parallel. Brief but distinct in its language, it is as peculiar for the mod- esty as for the liberality which it evinces. Leaving all details to the friends in whom he reposes the utmost conlidence, and avoiding any suggestion that might have the effect of connecting his name with the uses to which his bequests may be put, he only rec^uires of those whom he appoints as trustees that, after assisting such per- sons as they may think have any claim arising from consanguinity, friendship, or obligation incurred by him, they 'use and appropriate whatever property- lie may die possessed of for the best good and welfare of his fellow-men, to assist in the improve- ment of mankind ; recommending that they do it without sectarianism or bigotry, ac- cording to the intention of that God whose will is found in the law of the Christian re- ligion, in which," he adds, ' I believe and trust.' What could be more characteristic or admirable? The manuscript from which I have quoted bears a date somewhat distant from the present time. But if evidence were need- ed that he retained the same feelings to the close of his life, it is furnished, to say nothing of other facts, by an incident which I am permitted to relate. A short time before his departure for Texas, Mr. Paine was reminded by a friend that he had never made an explicit declaration of his religious belief, and was requested to say what doctrinal tenets he had adopted. After a moment's hesitation, he took from his pocket a slip of paper bearing the stains of age and use, which he gave to his friend, and said, ' There is my creed :' "Abou Ben Adlieni— may liis tribe increase- Awoke one niglit from a deep dream of peace. And saw within the moonliKlit in liis room. Making it rich, and like a lily in bloom. An angel 'writing in a book of gold. Exceeding peace had made Ben Adhem bold, And to the presence in the room he said, •What writest thou?' The vision raised its head." " And witli a look made all of sweet accord. Answered, 'The names of those who love the Lord.' ' And is mine one?' said Abou. 'Nay, not so,' Replied the angel. Abou spoke more low. But cheerily still, and said, ' I pray thee, then, Write me as one that loves his fellow men.' The angel wrote and vanished. The next night It came again, with a great wakening light. And showed the names whom love of God had blest, And lo! Ben Adhem's name led all the rest." This admirable sermon concludes: "A o-loom hangs over the village in the warm summer's day. The sky is clear, and the air is healthful ; yet every aspect of nature is sad, and the scene around us impresses us like a funeral monument. And such it is. Our hearts cast their own shadows upon the landscape. We have come to lay the remains of him whom we loved in the grave. He died far away from us, and far from the spots that were dear to him. but we could not leave his dust in that dis- tant land. The hope, tenderly expressed in their first anguish of bereavement, is realized : That noble form, so proud, so calmly bold. Shall make its last sad resting place amid The scenes he long had loved and cherished. Within the State o'er which lie was a Ruler. Here will we lay his mortal frame in the grave which he would have chosen, in front of the temple which he built to the glory of God, and in the midst of the proofs of what he had done for man. The associations of this hour shall henceforth invest the spot. Business and travel shall own its sanctity, and time shall guard it with watchful reverence." Hon. Heman Carpenter said in his eulo- gy on him, at a meeting of the citizens of Northfield, upon receiving intelligence of his death ; " By his iniiuence and his energy the charter of the Vermont Central Railroad was obtained, and to him we are indebted for the accomplishment of this stupendous work ! There is his Moiimnent I And when we are dead and forgotten, then fresh in the memory of the future will be his name, as long as the iron horse shall traverse our State, his name will be cher- ished by the honest and hardy sons of the Green Mountain State. He also gave an impetus to other railroads. "To me" (said Mr. Carpenter) "this dispen.sation of Providence is overwhelm- ing. Language fails to express the deep emotions that thrill through every nerve. He was my friend when I needed a friend. For 17 years I enjoyed his intimate and uninterrupted acquaintance and confidence. I see him now as I last saw him, when a few friends took him by the hand and bade him good bye, with tears in their eyes, as he left the station here in the cars for his journey South. The words of one of the friends, as the train left, have made an im- pression upon my mind that time will nev- er efface. ' That car carries more men from Northfield than it will ever bring back.' That was the fearful belief of us all when he left, and sadly true it has proved indeed. It carried the living man, it can only bring back his earthly remains. It carried him in whom human nature can stand up before all the world, and say ' He was a man !' " NORTHFIELD. 665 Hon. John Wheeler, of Burlington, formerly President of the University, said of Gov. Paine : "On his return from college he showed no inclination for professional study, but asked to enter upon the employment of practical life, both to lessen the labors of his father, and to advance his interests. This he was allowed, without much thought tliat he would do otherwise than soon grow weary of it, and call for a dilferent mode of employment. 'I was greatly surprised,' said his father, 'at the readiness with which he took hold of labor, the energy with which he followed it, and the capaci- ty and completeness with which he finish- ed it. 1 found he could do as much and as well as 1 could in my best days.' Those of us who live in Vermont know that such a parent could scarcely give higher praise." Charles Paine was elected Governor of Vermont in 1841 and 1842, — in the lan- guage of Hon. E. P. Walton : " The youngest man, 1 think, in the gubernatorial office in the State, I am sure there never was any man who more highly esteemed the claims of age and wisdom and experience, or was more ready to dis- tinguish and encourage whoever among the young gave hopeful promise of an hon- orable and successful public career. " What, then, shall I say to you who have known him ; to you, who have been the witnesses of his life ; to you, who have esteemed him beyond all other men ; to you, who feel that you have lost more than a father or a friend — both — lost all ? I can only say it is right now for you to weep. Grief is the necessary burden of this day, and of many days to you ; but when the fountain of your tears shall fail, when you shall become weary and worn, because of your great grief, then will it be fit for you to rejoice that one has lived so briefly, yet so well, and so honorably, so unremittingly, and so successfully labored in important services for his neighbor- hood, his State and his country — that you feel his death is an irreparable loss, and a public calamity. Weep now. It is good to weep. ..... " His ambition in that great undertaking, (building the Vermont Central Railroad) was of a character which the world justly esteems to be noble ; he aimed to win for himself an honorable public name, by ren- dering a great public service. However much of direct personal advantage he nat- urally and properly may have expected from it, I am sure his chief purpose was to win an honorable name. In the brightest days, he looked joyfully to this reward, and in the darkest, when every other hope seemed to fail, this remained to solace him. It was on one of these darkest days, and at a time when courage, hope and health were all failing, that he said to me, in his famil- iar mode of conversation, ' Well, Walton, whatever may become of the corporation, they cannot rob us of the road ! It is done ; it will be run ; and the people will, at any rate, reap the blessings which we designed. Oh ! if it were not for that, 1 really believe I should die.' " In Governor Paine's first message to the General Assembly, in 1841, there is one topic presented for their consideration that 1 wish to preserve. (Mr. Gregory.) " Education is a subject which cannot fail to command your earnest attention. It is true that no community can boast of more widely and universally diiTused in- struction than ours, and it might therefore appear useless to urge the topic upon your consideration. But we must continually bear in mind that it is not the result of ac- cident that the people of this State, with so few exceptions, can all read and write, and have enjoyed the benefit of at least a good English education. They owe their happy and enviable condition in this re- spect entirely to the unceasing solicitude and wise legislation of our forefathers. While our State was yet almost a wilder- ness, those who themselves felt the want of education were most careful that their children should not be grown up in igno- rance, and the efforts they made to estab- lish and support common schools and sem- inaries for the higher branches of learning, must forever command our gratitude and admiration." Such sentiments are "like apples of gold in pictures of silver," and show the character of the man. He took an inter- est in the education of all our people, and did not fail to speak an encouraging word when it would do good. He took an in- terest also in agriculture. Desiring to improve the stock of cattle in this vicinity, he imported a full blood Durham into town, and for many years the milking qual- ities of the dairy were improved to a good degree. It was by his influence that the Washington County Agricultural Fair was held one year in Northfield, on what is now called Central street ; and it was one of the most successful fairs ever held in this county. He loved good cattle, and good horses. 666 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. He built and kept in' good [order a fish pond near his hotel, where he lived, and took great delight in feeding the fish from his hand. Gov. Paine's celebrated fish pond, iox8 rods, was one of the curiosi- ties of the Depot village. He built the hotel in the Depot village, and before its alteration the cars came across the common from both directions, and would stop at the south end of the building for refreshments. In the clays of William Rogers and E. A. Webb it was a popular resort, and in good times, when the Vermont Central and Northfield were in their davs of prosperity, it was no un- common thing to have from 50 to 100 guests at this house at a time. Vkkjiomt Cextkal Kailkoad Co., 1 In DiRECTORis' Meeting, Aug. 25, 185.3. j Resolved, That this Board has with deep sorrow received intelligence of the death of the Hon. Charles Paine, late President of NORTHFIELD. 667 this Company, and in consideration of his indefatigable and important services in originating and sustaining the corporation, and of his honorable character as its chief officer, we deem the event a suitable one for the official action of the Board. Resolved, That in token of our individual respect and regard, and the high estima- tion in which we hold the character and memory of the deceased, we will in a body attend his funeral obsequies. Resolved, That the President be em- powered and requested to furnish free passes to the relatives and friends of the deceased, for the purpose of attending his funeral atNorthfield, on the ist inst. E. P. Walton, Jr., Clerk. The following were the committee for Gov. Paine\s funeral : Samuel W. Thayer, Jr., JohnGregory, Moses Robinson, Heman Carpenter, Perley Belknap, Elijah Smith, Jr.,Northfield, Dec. 16, 1853. A handsome oranite monument was placed over the Governor's remains in our beautiful Elmwood, by the generosity and munificence of his friend, Benjamin P. Cheney, Esq., of Boston, at a cost of $1,000, on which we read the following epitaph : "Happy in his parentage, a youth of preparation Was followed by an eai'ly maturity of usefulness, Invigorated by many virtues, and adorned By many manly acts; Devoted to his native State, he applied His talents, his wealth, and his strength to the Advancement of her great public works, And the encouragement of her institutions of learning. Having bestowed upon Vermont benefits of which The value cannot yet be justly appreciated. He considered the wants of the world and the age. And, while seeking a path which should unite The Atlantic with the Pacific coast, lie died In a distant land, far from those who loved hiui. Having merited well of the Commonwealth And his kind, his remains were here interred, Hallowe'i by public honors, and private tears." [Gov. Paine, after a sickness of 26 days, died at Waco, Texas, July 6, 1853, age 54. ELMWOOD CEMETERY BY DR. PHILANDER D. BRADFOIID Within the corporate limits of the vil- lage of Northfield, just north of the same, upon a beautiful piece of table land, is situated Elmwood Cemetery. The ground originally comprised an area of 6 acres and 36 rods, and was do- nated to the people of Northfield by their late benefactor, ex - Governor Charles Paine. April I, 1854, many of the citizens of the town met in the office of Hon. Heman Carpenter, to ef- fect an organization under the general statutes, sub- sequently known as "The Northfield Cemetery As- sociation." Hon. Heman Carpenter was chairman, and George Nichols clerk. A committee of five were appointed to prepare articles of agreement, and a code of by-laws. At an adjourned meeting, April 8, the committee present- ed a code of by-laws, which were adopted, and an organization was per- fected by electing a president, clerk, treas- urer, and five curators. Governor Paine having deceased, his administrators, James C. Dunn, of Bos- ton, and Miss Caroline Paine, of New York, agreeable to his e.xpressed wish, ex- 668 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ecuted a deed of the above mentioned land to the Northfield Cemetery Association. The deed contains the following words : " In consideration of one dollar and good will paid to our full satisfaction, we grant, confirm, and convey to the Northfield Cemetery Association the following des- cribed land, etc., for the burial of the dead, and for no other purpose." The cu- rators proceeded at once to inclose the grounds, lay out lots, avenues, walks, and open areas, causing the lots to be num- bered, and a chart to be made of the same. But death was faster than they, on the 26th of the same month, even before the grounds were inclosed, the remains of Daniel Stevens were buried there, his be- ing the first grave in the cemetery. In October, 1855, an act was passed by the Legislature of Vermont incorporating the Northfield Cemetery Association. The act provided that the affairs of the Associa- tion should be managed by trustees in number not less than five, nor more than seven, and that they should elect from their number a president, clerk, and treas- urer. The corporation were : Royce Jones, William Rogers, H. M. Bates, William C. Woodbury, George Nichols, J. C. Cady, P. D. Bradford, J. C. B. Thayer, Perley Belknap, Heman Carpen- ter, E. A. Webb, E. G. Babcock, G. N. Cady, Calvin Cady, and W. F. Wood- worth. In November, 1866, the Legisla- ture passed an act in amendment of an act of 1855, "called an act incorporating the Northfield Cemetery Association," author- izing the Association formed under the General Statutes to accept the charter passed at the session of 1856, and that all rights, both in law and equit}-, be secured to and enjoyed by the association formed under the General Statutes that are secured to and enjoyed by the members of the as- sociation formed under the act aforesaid. Aug. 12, 1857, the association voted to accept the charter and amendment, and organized under the act of 1855, by elect- ing five trustees, viz : William C. Wood- bury, E. A. Webb, George Nichols, L. D. Gilchrist, and Jefferson Marsh. E. A. Webb was elected president, George Nich- ols, clerk and treasurer. In November, 1867. an act was passed by the Legislature in amendment of an act passed November, 1855, changing the name of the Northfield Cemetery Associa- tion to " Elmwood Cemetery"; also au- thorizing the trustees to contract with in- dividuals for the perpetual care and im- provement of any lot or lots in said cem- etery. In November, 1876, the Legisla- ture passed an act in amendment of the foregoing, giving full power and control to the trustees as to the burial of the dead : also full power to control and prevent the burial and removal of bodies buried in said cemetery, as fully and to the same extent that selectmen have in the burial grounds of the State, and to the extent necessary to protect said cemetery from encroach- ment or trespass by any person or per- sons. The cemetery contains at the pres- ent time (1878) the remains of 575 per- sons. It has long been apparent that the grounds were not adequate to the increas- ing and prospective wants of the commu- nity, and the ^trustees added to the same in 1877 by the purchase of additional land. The site selected for this cemetery is beautifully adapted for that purpose, and shows the good judgment and taste of the donor. It is withdrawn a little distance from the busy thoroughfare, yet easy of access, and affords a pleasant walk, which appears a favorite one with citizens and strangers. If the character of a people for refinement and religion is indicated by the care of and taste displayed in beautifying the burial places of the dead, it is a matter of congratulation that our cemetery, with its beautiful monuments, its mementoes of affection, and numerous emblems of the Christian hope lighting up the darkness of this world, contrasts so strongly with the cheerless and unattractive burial grounds of 50 years ago. If this cemetery shall be beautified in years to come as it may be beautified, if art shall vie with nature in adding to its attractions, if affection, not avarice, take the lead in questions of ex- penditures, it will soon become one of the NORTHFIELD. 669 most attractive spots with- in the limits of our Green Mountain State. The Association at its annual meeting, the first Tuesday in May, 1878, re- elected the former trus- tees, viz. : P. D. Brad- ford, J. H. Orcutt, CD. Williams, J. C. Gallup, and E. G. Pierce, who sub- sequently elected P. D. Bradford, president, C. D. Williams, clerk and treasurer, G. B. B. Den- ny, auditor, and James Evans, sexton. In connection with and belonging to said cem- eterv, is a substantial and commodious tomb, men- tion of which should not be omitted. At the annu- al town meeting in the spring of 1867, the select- men were instiiicted by a vote of the town to build a , tomb for temporary deposit of the dead, to be located at such place as would best accommodate the town. During the fol- lowing summer the selectmen, (Marvin Simons, William Winch, and Dr. Samuel Keith,) agreeable to instructions, caused said tomb to be constructed at an expense of $1,200, and located it within the cem- etery grounds, the Association donating the site. The front of the tomb is of hewn granite from Berlin quarry, with panels of serpentine from Roxbury quarry. donated by the late Thomas L. Salisbury. It is surmounted by a heavy marble cross, (the emblem of the Christian's faith,) upon which is the monogram I. H. S. This tomb, bordering upon the highway at the head of North street, has been found of great convenience in the winter season, and for both usefulness and artis- tic beauty reflects great credit upon the town, and especially upon the member of the Board (Dr. Keith) who had charge of its construction. CENTER CEMETERY. Sept. 18, 1S23, Ezekiel Robinson, Oli- ver Averill, Joseph Keyes, Harry Emer- son, and Nathan Green bought of E. Tay- lor, Jr., and G. R. Spalding i acre of land west of where the yellow meeting house stood for a burying-ground, paying $60. It was laid out in lots 11^x25 feet, with a drive-way running through from east to west. The lots were sold at 75 cents each, and in 1829, had all been disposed of except two lots in the southwest corner, which were reserved as a burial place for strangers. Several additions have been made to the "lot ; that of Jonathan Briggs on the east, where the first meeting house was built, and last on the west one acre and 127 rods bought of Timothy Reed, Sept. 30, 1874, for $204.45. Soon after this cemetery was ready, the dead buried on " Richardson's Meadow," west of the railroad, were taken up and interred here. From 181 1 to 1823, Rich- 6/0 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ardson's meadow was the general burial place in the vicinity. Some few were ear- ned to- the East Hill burying ground, and some to the west of Depot village, in a burial place near F. A. Preston's farm. Nature has done much to make this ground " beautiful for situation." The improvement began in the front part of of the cemetery is praiseworthy, and it is hoped will be continued until the whole enclosure shall present an agreeable ap- pearance. HON. MOSES ROBINSON, A son of one of the first settlers — see page 617 for biography of himself and the Robinson family, and page 646 of early anecdotes. Mis father opened a lot on his land for the first burying ground in town, as we understand, vvitliout charge for burial to any one. East Hill Ce.metery is sitnated at the four corners on the East Hill, near the first settlement of the town, in what is call- ed the Robinson district. It was the first burying ground in Northfield, and for a number of years the only one. The land belonged to the farm of Amos Robinson, and no organization as we can learn was ever formed to control it. All who de- sired it for the burial of their friends had the privilege, and here many of the early settlers rest from their labors. Among the prominent men that are here interred are Amos Robinson, Nathaniel Robinson, Abraham Shipman, Thomas Averill, and Jesse Averill, Lebbeus Bennett, Parley Tyler, William Jones, and Sam- uel Buzzell, with their wives and many of their children. GOULDSVILLE CEMETERY. This burying ground, located in the center of the village, shows care and at- tention in the laying out of the lots, and keeping them clear from weeds and briers. A distinguished traveler once remarked : " Show me the cemeteries and churches of a town, and I will tell you the character of the people." The Falls village burial ground association was organized according to chapter 81 of Re- vised Statutes. The first meeting was held at the school-house in district No. 13, December, 1848, at which a constitution was adopted, A. S. Braman, moderator; Marvin Simons, clerk ; Leander Foster, James (iould, Samuel Smith, Lotan Lib- bey, Anson Munson, executive committee. The land for the cemetery formerly be- longed to the farm of Luther S. Burnham ; was bought and laid out in 79 lots, sold at $4 each. The grounds have since been enlarged by about half an acre. Ord. Sergt. Luke W. Kendall, Co. F, 4th Vt., was shot through the head in the battle of the Wilderness. His regiment had never fought without him, and he never received a scratch until his fatal wound. He had re-enlisted for 3 years ; left a wife. Edmund Pope, Jr., enlisted in 1861 ; taken prisoner at Wilson's Raid, June 19, 64; died in Dec, on board a transport, on his way home. NORTHFIELD. 671 LONGEVITY OF NORTHFIELD. BY DR. P. D. BRADFORD. N'a/nes of all persons (as far as can be ascertained^ , %uho have lived and died in io7un over JO years of age. Whole number of males, 143; females, 100; total, 243. Aggregate ages of males, 12,249: of females, 9,090; total, 21,339 y^- Average ages of males, 85 yrs. 7 m. 26 days ; of females 90 9-ro yrs. Average ages of both sexes. 87 yrs. 9 m. 23 days. Thomas Averill, David Denney, Prudence Wise Jones, Aquilla Jones, Hannah Shaw Hedges, Thomas Averill. Amasa Tubbs, Mrs. Hill Tubbs. Gilbert Hatch, Elizabeth Averill, Ezekiel Robinson, Amos Robinson, Elizabeth R. Averill, Jerusha R. Richardson, Samuel Richardson, Thomas Coburn, Polly G. Cochran, Reuben Smith. Hannah Robinson, Elijah Smith, Amos Averill, Paul Richmond. Mrs. Keyser. Abraham Shipman, Mary M. Smith, William Cochran, William Wales, Azubah H. Frizzle, Ebenezer Frizzle, David Hedges, Dinah D. Robinson, Nathaniel King, Thomas L. Mayo, William Gold, John Plastridge, Polly Loomis Averill, Joel Winch, Lemuel Pope, Daniel Stevens, Polly Nichols Smith, Lydia Heath, Betsey Gallup, Perley Tyler, Betsey R. Tyler, Polly Fish VVorthington, Lewis Hedges, Lavina Chamberlin. Mrs. Lewis, Theophilus Golild, Joseph Grant, Esther Grant, Amasa Alger, NathanierB. Ashcroft, John Fisk, CAPT. JESSE AVERILL. See page 618. Mrs. Ebenezer Fox, Ebenezer Fox, Calvin Cady, Betsey M. Cadv, Mrs. Maith Howe, Stillman Allen, William A. Gallup, Isaac Kinsman, John Leonard, Anson Adams, Nathaniel Fisk. ]3etsey Fisk, Sarah Fisk, David Fisk, Amos Howes, Libbeus Bennett. Daniel Worthington. William Hedges, William Keyes, Mrs. Wm. Noyes King, Joel Brown. Seth P. Field, Silas Braley, Hannah Reed Davis, loi 85 81 73 76 83 72, 84 82 76 87 71 I 74 73: 721 83 91 73 \ 73 1 91 70 \ 76, 81 i 75 David Plastridge, Henry Knapp, Stephen Thrasher, John Preston, Eunice C. Preston, Almos Wheeler, Rachel A. Wheeler, Betsey Martin Fisk, James Heath, James Loomis, David Partridge, Michael Welch, Willard Alger, Margaret Mowcroft, Eleazer Loomis, Lois Rice, Silas Rice, Aniarvale LaDuke, Fanny LMall Richmond, Simeon Curtis, Rebecca Pope, Betsey C. Pitkin, Lucy R. Trow,* Asahel Blake, 73 72 79 95 87 75 82 84 85 7S 73 84 71 75 81 89 93 76 90 72 84 90 74 76 672 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Polly Latham, James Latham, Ezra Latham, John Greene, Benjamin Porter, James Pike, Laura S. Randall, Sally S. Thrasher, Jedediah Paeon, Marian Belknap, Joseph S. Daniels, Abijah Howe, Samuel Richmond, Mrs. M. R. Plastridge, John F. Nye, Nora Hannon, Daniel Hannon, Mrs. H. D. Balch, Lydia W. Smith, Nanc}- Ouimby, Susan Adams, Richard Hedges, Julia T. Hedges, Adolphus Denny, John Mosely, Samuel Maxham, Nancy L. Field, Elijah Hedges, Polly T. Hedges, Samuel Buzzell, Samuel Adams, Elijah Burnham, Roswell Alger, Betsey French, Ora Nichols, Mrs. McCarty, James Johnson, George Rice, ■ Esther Rice, Tyler Ladd, William Mowcroft, Huldah V^arney, Jonathan Rich, Dennis Canady, Daniel Stevens, Mrs. Johnson, Silas Jackson, Lyman Cochran, Jonathan Pitkin, Churchill, Noyes Tower, Jemima Thompson, Mrs. Rich, Joseph Chamberlin, Nancy H. Chamberlin, Richard Hedges, Rhoda R. Hedges, Abigail D. Foster, Mary LaDuke, Edward Bean, Harriet G. Dodge, Susan Kent, Amos Rice,- Ziba Rice, James Steele, Esther S. Steele, 79 DK. BEXJAMIX 85 80 lames Webster. PORTER. See page 63: James Webster, 81 Simon Eggleston, 81 Mrs. Holden, 7'^ Sarah Allen Curtis, 78 Betsey P. Houghton, 83 Polly Latham,' 82 James Latham, 86 Oliver Averill, 74 John Greene, 75 Roswell Carpenter, 75 Roswell Carpenter, Jr. 71 Lovisa Carpenter. 71 Azuba Simons, 70 Thomas N. Courser, 87 Anna R. Smith, 70 Dyer Loomis, 79 Jesse Averill, 88 Betsey L. Ashcroft, 72 Betsey W. Kathan, 78 Susan C. Eastman, 95 Edward Eastman, 76 Joel Parker, 83 Hannah Gilson Parker. 84 Ezekiel Stanton, 90 Joel Coburn, 88 ! Anson Farnham, 76 I Polly Farnham, 87 I Abbie Tvler, 83 ! N. A. Whittaker, 72 I Elijah Ellis, 83 j Mrs. Elijah Ellis, 87 I James Wiley, 77 I Mary B. Tyler, 7^ { Betsey F. Mayo, 75 Isaac Libby, 75 Joseph B. Newton, 82 Rachel B. Newton, 77 Jacob Amidon, 74 j Nathan Ring, 84 81 I James Nichols, 77 95 I Nathaniel Richardson, 86 73 I Adin Smith, 78 85 Zebedee Briggs, 7^ 85 Solomon Dunham, 75 90 Mrs. James Pike. 84 Q Died in 1880 a)id 1881. 80 John Gregory, 71 76 Betsey W. Kathan, 76 84 Samuel Emerson, 76 71 Ozias Silsbury, 76 7-}, Thomas Emerson, 76 79 Ansel Shaw, 77 88 Jacob Loomis, 77 74 Moses Robinson, 77 88 Abigail Alger, 78 76 Harriet Hoyt Sylvester, 79 87 Calista Vinton Porter, 79 94 Charles Simons, 79 89 Rebecca W. Coburn, 80 99 Mary Wales, 80 72) Louisa Jones Rice, 80 93 Joseph Moffitt, 83 80 Josiah Lane, 85 77 John Averill, 86 85 Amelia Kathan Nve, 86 84 Elmira C. Nye, ' 86 80 Stephen Burbank, 86 83 Silas Sheldon, 87 75 Melinda F. Davis, 88 70 Allen Balch, 91 75 M. R. Burbank, 92 75 Zervia S. Williams, 91 77 Mrs. A. Dumas, 93 74 Mrs. E. E. Corliss, 96 75 John Leahy, 100 NORTHFIELD. 673 LEWIS COLLEGE. NORWICH UNIVERSITY. BY HEV. F. "W. BARTLETT. The early history since its foundation in 1S34, may be found in the history of Norwich, where it was located until after the burning of the " South Barracks" in the spring of 1866. The next fall it re- moved to Northfield, the citizens thereof having raised $16,500 for the purpose. Rev. Edward Bourns, LL. D., had been president for 15 years. On removal, the institution first occupied the upper part of Paine's building, i. e., from Sept. 13, 1866, to the Commencement in July, 1868. Capt. S. W. Shattuck became president /;v; tempore in 1866, Dr. Bourns remaining as professor of languages until his death, in July, 1871. Maj. Thomas W. Walker, U. S. A., became president in 1867, Rev. R. S. Howard, D. D., in 1869, Rev. Malcolm Douglass, D. D., in 1872, Rev. Josiah Swett, D. D., in 1875, Capt. Chas. A. Curtis, U. S. A., in 1877, Hon. Geo. Nichols, M. D., in 1880. Dec. 31, 1880, the trustees, having been em- powered by the Legislature, changed the name to Lewis College. This was done chiefly in recognition of the offer of Col. Chas. H. Lewis, LL.D., 85 i of Boston, an alumnus, to render it'the I needed financial support, on certain con- [ ditions, which were accepted by the trus- ! tees. With no endowment, there had been of late years a long-continued strug- gle for existence. Col. Lewis was at the same time elected president, and Dr. Clarence L. Hathaway, M. S., vice presi- dent. The college has conferred the following degrees since its foundation : Bachelor of Arts, III; Bachelor of Science, 140 ; Bach- elor of Philosophy, 2 ; Civil Engineer, 3 ; Master of Arts, 80 ; Master of Civil En- gineering, 13 ; Doctor of Medicine, 3 ; Doctor of Divinity, 16; Doctor of Laws, 14; Doctor of Philosophy, 2. The faculty of professors and instructors have numbered 60, of which there grad- uated from Bowdoin College, i ; Brown University, i ; Cambridge, Eng., i ; Co- lumbia, 2 ; Dartmouth, 2 ; Harvard, i ; Michigan, i ; Middlebury, i ; N. Y. City College, I ; Norwich University, 29 ; Trin- ity, Dublin, 2 ; Union, i ; University of Vermont, i ; LTpsala, Sweden, i ; U. S. Military Academy, 2 ; Williams, i. Under the presidency of Col. Lewis there have been the following professors 674 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. besides the lecturers : Clarence L. Hath- away, M. S., M. D., Prof, of Anatomy, Physiology and Hygiene : Charles Dole, A. M., English, History and Political Science; William M. Rumbaugh, C. E., Drawing, Architecture, Civil and Topo- graphical Engineering; Franklin W. Bart- lett, A. M., Latin and Greek: John B. Johnson, A. B., Mathematics, Miningand Mechanical Engineering: Frederick W. Grube, A. M., Modern Languages; Asa Howe, C. E., M. D., Engineering, Field Work. Military science has been taught and military discipline enforced from the out- set ; and accordingly many graduates and past cadets have entered the army in time of war, and not a few have risen to dis- tinction as officers or engineers. The roll of honor includes the names of 12 general officers, 40 colonels and a great number of other officers, among whom some shed their blood for their country. Recently eftbrts have been made to bring the college more prominently before the public as a school of practical science. The publication of the old college paper. The Reveille, has lately been revived by the cadets. The number of students is in- creasing. REV. EDWARD BOURNS, LL. D. BY KEV. MALCOLM DOUGLASS, D. D. Edward Bourns was born in Dublin, Ire- land, Oct. 29, 1801. His father's ancestor was a Scotchman, whose name was thought to have been originally Burns, who went to Ireland about the time of James I., and settled in Derry. His mother bore the name of King. His two grandmothers were sisters, Medlicott, by name ; and his great grandmother was a Kirkpatrick from Scotland. He was educated by Dr. Mil- ler, of Armagh, entered Trinity College, Dublin, and won his degree of B. A. July 9, 1833. He passed the theological exam- inations, June, 1834. Both before and after this date he was engaged as a writer and reviewer by the well known publishers, Thomas Tegg & Son,Cheapside, London. He did not at once take orders, but en- gaged as tutor in a private family in Eng- land. In August, 1837, he landed in this country. He soon after opened an English and Classical School in Philadelphia, where he became acquainted with the Rev. Dr. William H. DeLancey, Provost of the Pennsylvania University. After the con- secration of Dr. DeLancey as Bishop of Western New York, and his removal to Geneva, in 1838, Edward Bourns was at- tracted to Geneva. In 1 839, he received the degree of M. A. from Geneva College, then presided over by the Rev. Dr. Benjamin Hale. In the same year, he was made ad- junct professor of the Latin and Greek languages. In 1841. he received the de- gree of LL. D. from the same college. In the same year on the 7th of March, in Trinity Church, Geneva, he was ordain- ed Deacon in the Protestant Episcopal Church ; and in the year following, March 12, at Zion Church, Palmyra, N. Y., he was ordained Priest. In 1845, he re- signed the Professorship and went to Brooklyn, L. I., where he continued to give instruction in the languages, until he was called, in Sept. 1850, to the Presidency of Norwich University, Vt. He held this office until 1865 ; and from 1850, discharged also the duties of Professor of Latin and Greek until shortly before his death, which was caused by paralysis and occurred July 14, 1871. Dr. Edward Bourns was no ordinary man. In the midst of pressing cares, fre- quent infirmities, and peculiar embarrass- ments, the intrinsic force, native shrewd- ness and genial kindness of his nature, notwithstanding a vein of constitutional caution and reserve, made him felt and re- spected and greatly endeared to many. The trials of Norwich University in his time were peculiar, and arose chiefly from the lack of an early and wise plan of foun- dation by generous endowments. Yet perseveringly and staunchly he stood by, through evil report and good report. He braved with wonderful elasticity and spirit the frosts and freshets and droughts of neglect and almost literary banishment and pecuniary hardship. In the most loyal, unselfish spirit, he resigned his Presidency of N. L^., after 15 years of service, and NORTHFIELD. 67s still faithfully continued in her service, en- dured her transplanting from Norwich to Northfield, and became rooted in the new place, winning the esteem and confidence of all the people on every hand. Against increasing infirmities his well-proved spirit bore up to the last, scorning the thought of surrender ; bearing him up by the long training of habit to give instruction, and to sacrifice himself, and to rally his powers, when it was marvelous that he could even prolong existence. He died in harness. Let us draw an illustration of his char- acter from the trees of a forest. There, in the admirable variety of nature, there are certain types and characteristics which distinguish one tree from another, and in which their respective excellences and good qualities lie. So it is also with men, and it was eminently so with this man. His character, like that of certain grand families of trees, was conspicuous amongst the many men of ability, education and practical sense with .whom he constantly mingled. It was moulded and grew up under a combination of influences which helped to make the man. On his father's and his mother's mother's side he might be said to have inherited the characteris- tics of the Scottish Larch, which now clothes the heathery Scottish highlands and rugged hills. In hardihood under adverse storms, in patient endurance against the wintry sleet and driving hail, in the qualities which fit that tree to bear transplanting, to redeem the sterile, rocky wastes, and give them a new value ; in these respects, this representative tree may well illustrate some of the marked charac- teristics of this man. He came in the prime of his young manhood to a country before unknown to him and strange, and was transplanted into its soil. As he stood upon the deck of the vessel which bore him from his native shores, he resolved at once and always to lay aside in obscurity the traditions of his native land, and accept in good faith and generously the traditions of the land of which he intended to be an ac- knowledged citizen. And under difficulties which few can understand, he succeeded in making himself useful and a blessing, and in moulding for good the character of many American youth, who now live to remem- ber him with pleasure and gratitude. But, again, on his mother's father's side he inherited also something of the capacity, strength and robustness of the Irish oak. This is a tree distinguished for its genuine toughness of grain, and practical power ; and its ability to furnish sound timber for traffic, constructions, and the welfare of men and communities. And this tree may also represent in some sort the character- istics of this man. If you regard him as to his physical mould, it is easy to see that if he had been brought up to cultivate chiefly his bodily powers, he would have been gigantic even amongst our most pow- erful men. He was somewhat bent from long sedentary life, but when standing fully erect his height was but little short of six feet and three inches, with a frame- work — a breadth of shoulder, a develop- ment of muscle, and massive loins — in equal proportion. His physical courage was perfect. For although diffident to an extreme, and reluctant to a fault to dis- play himself, no truer, braver heart could anywhere be found when the time for ac- tion came ; no sympathy more ready than his with the oppressed, no freer outspeak- ing of views than his, no contempt of hum- bug and pretension — of mere glitter and show — more thorough than his. Take him all in all as he was, even as developed by purely literary and professional pur- suits, by the life and service of the parish minister, by the trials of the academic professor and president, by the confine- ment of books and writings, and the inter- course of educated men ; notwithstanding, mentally and physically, the Scottish larch and the Irish oak will not badly represent him. Dr. Bourns was a man of learning and acumen. His Alma Mater, Trinity Col- lege, Dublin, was second to none in the United Kingdom in scholarly training and classical learning. Here he won honora- ble prizes, and in his library were books marked with the printed seal of the col- lege recording the occasions upon which he won them in scholastic competitions. 676 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. He earned by long practice a right to speak and to teach as it were ex cathedra. He was also a voluminous, careful and ex- haustive reader. Yet never at any time in his sermons or addresses, in conversation or in discussions, did he ever betray the con- sequence of the pedant, or assume to be other than a sincere enquirer after truth. He was fond of accuracy ; willing to be restrained by well-grounded principles and laws ; ready to surrender cheerfully his opinions and theories, if found to be un- tenable, but not otherwise. No man could discern better than he the weak points of a coxcomb or hypocrite ; and no man could with keener humor and presence of mind foil the advances of intrusive persons and turn the tables upon them. Yet, with a facility of extempore speech, and a native readiness that but for his diffidence and physical hindrances would have placed him amongst our foremost public .speakers, and with a keen and humorous moth- er-wit sufficient for three ordinary men, he guarded the portals of his lips with the extremest care from hasty, unbecoming, or careless words. He never passed the bounds of perfect propriety, modesty and good sense, in public or in private. He sometimes felt himself obliged to show a presuming, pertinacious or priggish person that he had the advantage of him and would keep it. But he never told tales out of school, or treated the character and actions of any scholar or any person but with the most dehcate reserve. He stood in all these respects upon his sacred honor. His reticence under the most trying cir- cumstances and in regard to those who had caused him great anxiety, was mar- vellous and instructive. Would that our limits permitted us to illustrate that readiness and keenness of humor which those who knew him will easily remember. We heard him once make the following characteristic speech, on a certain commencement evening at Norwich ; when the cadets were assembled with a serenading band of music, and the Doctor was importuned for a speech. He opened the window and was heard to say : " Y'oung gentlemen, I thank you for this admirable music. I have heard you praised greatly this day by our accomplished visi- tors, and I think myself that you have done very well indeed. I cannot help thinking that if you are such fine birds now when you are half-fledged, what will you be when you are in full feather I" When the clergy of the diocese of Vermont, after the death of Bishop Hopkins, held a preliminary meeting to review the names of candidates to fill the vacancy, the Doc- tor while praising highly the timber of Ver- mont, ingeniously argued that a Vermont sapling, which had been transplanted, de- veloped and finished under other and most favorable skies, was ceten's par/dus better furnished than one could otherwise be for this responsible service. Dr. Bourns worked faithfully in his cler- ical life. He was an excellent sermonizer, and extemporized passages and paragraphs with the greatest facility as he was preach- ing. It may be remembered that at a cer- tain Convocation of the clergy in Rutland years ago, the question under discussion was. How may sermons be made more effective in drawing the laity ? The Doctor, when asked his opinion, answered that the clergy " should prepare better sermons." "They should use more art," he said; " not art in the sense of artifice, but high, sacred art in building up, constructing, the sermon, and preaching It." As a theologian, he was no mere theo- rist, but sound, practical, consistent, and conservative. He was not by nature en- thusiastic ; and he sometimes distrusted those who were, if he failed to discern the stability of the foundation upon which they built. He deeply felt the value of energy and practical common sense in carrying out the great work of the Church, and showed his sincere missionary spirit by doing under great disadvantages what he could in the paths of clerical work. Before he went to Norwich many clergyman re- ceived his assistance in the pulpit. In Norwich he held service in the chapel, afterwards in a parish church. For i6 years he crossed the Connecticut River weekly to minister to the little parish in Hanover, without other compensation than NORTHFIELD. 677 the small means of the Diocesan Board of Missions could furnish him. At North- field, he served for several years as rector of St. Mary's Parish. In the beautiful cemetery of that village will be found his monument and his grave. When one, a professor in the Universi- ty, and one of its first two graduates ; one who had become endeared to Dr. Bourns by the mutual trials and sympathies of many years of academic life together; when this good and true man, this Chris- tian brother. Gen. Alonzo Jackman, ap- proached him a few days before his death, and asked the question, "Is the sky all clear between you and your God ?"' "Yes," was the emphatic response ; and after a pause, " yes, it /s clear." GEN. ALONZO JACKMAN, LL. D. BY REV. FRANKLIN W. liAKTLKTT. The name of Alonzo Jackman occupies an illustrious place in the annals of Ver- mont, and on account of his distinguished services, as an educator and a soldier, as well as his virtues as a man, lie deserves a longer biographical notice than our limits permit. He was born in Thetford, Mar. 20, 1809, the second son of Joseph and Sarah (Warner) Jackman, who were in- dustrious and worthy people. When near- ly 3 years old, his father, a farmer, died of an injury, and his mother was left in straightened circumstances, with three children, Enoch, Alonzo and Joseph. Shortly after that, they removed to Straf- ford, and the next year, 18 13, to New Bos- ton, in the town of Norwich ; and that summer, the young lad commenced attend- ing school. One day, he had a narrow es- cape from drowning in the swollen brook near by. The same year, he was very low of a fever, and not expected to live. He had early religious impressions ; for when he was only 5 years old, he believed he saw a vision of the Lord walking on the sky. In 1814, while his mother was at Enfield, N. H., a few weeks, to learn the art of making oil-cloth, he was placed in the care of a Mrs. Sawyer, who instilled into his young mind a knowledge of the Bible. Many years afterwards, the mature man looked back to that period as having had an important influence on his subseqent life. In 1815, he lived in the same house with a Smith family; and their boy, Jo- seph, who afterwards became the Mormon Prophet, was his play-fellow. In 1816, Mrs. Jackman was married to Eli Clark, who took a farm to carry on by the halves, and the two older boys worked as steadily on it as if hired men. Alonzo cut wood for the family bare-footed, with a warmed board between his feet and the snow. One day when Enoch and he were cutting from the same log, the latter sat down to rest, when Enoch's axe glanced and cut his brother slightly, nearly from hip to knee. In 1820, these two boys left home, never to return again, except on a visit, their mother having given them the parting ad- monition, "Go for 3'ourselves and remem- ber there is a God." Alonzo went to work with a farmer, James Powell, for board, clothing and schooling. He re- mained one year. While there he heard much religious discussion, and commenced reading the Bible through by course, in order to know the truth more perfectly. In 182 1, he commenced work for another farmer, about half a mile from his birth- place. Here he was to have board, cloth- ing and 3 months at school. He did his part faithfully, but was unjustly treated, and some of the winters was allowed but little time at school, a disadvantage in early years, which he always afterwards felt. Having worked here 6 years, he left with $4, and two days provisions. His brother Enoch accompanied him, and the two, with $12.47 between them, went on foot down the Connecticut river until they reached Middletown, Mar. 16, with 25 cents left. They crossed over to Chatham, now Portland, where they secured work in the sandstone quarries, near which his brother still resides. He attended school in the winter. In 1828, young Jackman went to New York and engaged as seaman before the mast, on a new ship, the St. John, bound for Mobile, and from there, as he sup- posed, to Liverpool. This expectation was not realized, and he returned by another ship to New York and thence to 678 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Portland, where he worked in the quar- ry during the season, and then went to Ver- mont, where he visited and helped his mother, spending the winter at school. In the spring of 1S30, he was again at work in the quarry, and the next winter attended the high school at Portland. About this time he decided to be a Chris- tian. One wakeful night he revolved the subject in his mind and firmly resolved to give himself wholly to the service of God. He joined the Methodist class in March, 1 83 1, and the following summer was bap- tized by immersion. The year 183 1 was employed like the year before, partly in the quarry and partly at school. In 1832, the two brothers left Portland for Ohio; but Enoch, when they had reached Troy, N. Y., could be persuaded to go no further. After a few weeks in the stone cutter's business, they left for New York, where they got employment on a steamboat for a short time, and then re- turned to the quarries. Alonzo, however, did not abandon the idea of going west to settle. In October, he left for Ohio. He traveled in various parts of the state, look- ing for a farm ; Ijut he finally shipped on a steamboat, engaged in the iron trade, be- tween Cincinnati and Wyandotte, Va. He was next employed on a New Orleans and Mobile boat. In May, 1833, he again went to work in the Portland quarry. The scanty opportunities which he had snatched for reading, and his short seasons of school life had given him a desire to pursue a regular course of study. He con- sidered whether to accept an agency for a line of steamers, go to farming in Ohio, or to get an education. He decided, left Portland, and about Dec. i, 1833, enteied Franklin Seminary at Norwich, Vt. The next year, the principal, Mr. Buck, re- moved his school to New Market, N. H., and young Jackman went with him, and, while prosecuting his studies, rendered as- sistance in teaching mathematics, his fa- vorite branch. In the summer of 1835, he taught the same branch while pursuing his studies in an academy at Kingston, N. H., and also on its removal in the autumn to Rochester, N. H. Norwich University had, in the meantime, been chartered and opened. He decided to enter it, and did so in December of that year, having passed his examination for admission to the Sen- ior class. He graduated at the first com- mencement, Aug., 1836, with the degree of B. A. Being the only graduate that year he stands at the head of the alumni. Soon afterwards he was elected to the chair of mathematics. In the next sum- mer vacation, he visited in New England, New York and Canada. In 1838, on ac- count of the uneasiness caused by the pro- jected Canada rebellion, he was employed to drill troops at Enosburgh, Berkshire and Sheldon. On returning to open the spring term of 1839, Zerah Colburn, Pro- fessor of Languages, had died, and the charge of the whole institution rested upon Captain Partridge and himself. In Feb., 1840, Josiah Swett, who had been Jack- man's room-mate and graduated a year after him, became professor of ancient lan- guages, and that summer these two profes- sors established a paper at Norwich, devo- ted to military science, national defence, and the interests of the militia. It did not prove a financial success ; and one reason may have been that it stood aloof from politics during the great excitement of the presidential campaign of that year. Pro- fessor Jackman contributed a series of ar- ticles on tactics valuable for their clear- ness and precision. Some time during the publication of this paper, both editors re- signed their professorships and removed to Windsor, where they opened a school, which they called the New England Semi- nary. They were both Methodists, but after much reading and discussion conclud- ed to enter the communion of the Episco- pal church, and received confirmation from Bp. Hopkins, in 1843. While at Windsor, Jackman had as mathematical treatise printed on the sub- ject of " Series," in which his investiga- tions were carried beyond the ability of the ordinary student. Having conducted the school for 3 years, he and his friend Swett returned by invitation, in 1844, to the University, and resumed their profes- sorships under the new president. Gen. T. NORTHFIELD. 679 1845, the two friends left for Claremont, N. H., proposing to set up a school ; but finding the project unpromising, they abandoned it. Jackman, at the solicitation of the president and the trustees of N. U., again went on duty in the fall term. In 1846, he wrote and published an arti- cle on the subject of an oceanic magnetic telegraph. He gave in detail plans for the construction, materials and manner of lay- ing a telegraphic cable across the Atlantic. In lecturing to his school on magnetism, he had expressed the belief that if the nec- essary expense could be met, a telegraph might be thus extended across the ocean. In 1846, the Hon. Amos Kendall, then president of a Telegraph Co., at Washing- ton, I). C, communicated to a Philadel- phia paper the difficulties of crossing, with the telegraph, large bodies of water. Prof. Jackman, happening to see this article, wrote Mr. Kendall, and explained how the difficulties could be surmounted. Receiv- ing no reply, he was induced to write out for publication the article to which we have referred, that no other person might have the credit of solving the problem which he had worked out in this field of science. Accordingly, he wrote a paper, answering all objections, providing against all the difficulties, and including all the necessary particulars of construction and the method of laying an oceanic telegraphic cable. This was about 12 years before the first Atlantic cable was successfully laid. He sent the article to periodicals in Washing- ton, New York, Philadelphia and Boston ; but editors refused it, considering the plan visionary. He then sent it to the Verntoni Mercury of Woodstock, where it appeared in the number dated Aug. 14, 1846. He forwarded copies to prominent men in the United States, England, Canada and France. It seems, therefore, that the credit is due him of having matured a suc- cessful plan for this gigantic enterprise. The cable as it was laid was of the same gen- eral description with that which he had pro- posed, difl^ering in some minor details, among which was the use of gutta-percha insulation. Prof. Jackman was well versed in tactics, and had a reputation as an excellent drill- master. This led to his being appointed Brigade drill master by the Governor of New Hampshire, with the rank of Major. He drilled the officers of the brigades of that state at certain times in 1847, '48. Returning to Norwich from a drill, he had held at Exeter, N. H., he suffered from a severe attack of typhoid fever, from which he narrowly escaped death. This is one of the many times when he was near death, either by accident or sickness. In Aug., 1849, he obtained 3 years leave of absence from the University, and in October, sailed from Boston for California by way of Cape Horn. His object was to see the country and to add to his resources. He reached San Francisco March 13, 1850. Within a few weeks he took out a claim in the gold region. The prospect seemed fair ; but it was desirable to turn the course of the river, and Jackman was elected the Engineer. He was 100 miles from a civilized center, and had to work at a disadvantage ; but his ingenuity and ac- quirements came to his aid. He accom- plished the work he had undertaken, and Californians pronounced it the greatest achievemeut in engineering in the state. He did not find much gold, however. When the rainy season was approaching, he sold out, and the same autumn went to Oregon, and took out a claim of 320 acres, not far from Pacific city, now included in Wash- ington Territory. When Pacific County was organized, June 2, 185 1, and county officers elected, Mr. Jackman was made Probate Judge and School Superintendent. In December, he quit Oregon, with some of his farm products on board a bark bound for San Francisco, expecting to realize a goodly sum of money for them. The pas- sage was rough, and his property was ren- dered worthless by leakage of the vessel. While in this city, he learned that a large amount of gold had been realized from his old mining claim since he left it. He returned to Norwich Apr. ro, 1852, 68o VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. intending to settle up his affairs and re- turn to his western farm. Dr. Bourns, at this time President of N. U., induced him to teach until the next commencement. Meantime, the reports he heard from the West dissuaded him from returning thith- er, and he consented to remain with Dr. Bourns and assist him not only in teach- ing, but in paying the indebtedness of the institution. In 1857, the N. U. cadets were organized under the militia law, as an infantry company, and Prof. Jackman was commissioned Captain, and in 1S59, when officers of the 2d Regt. were ordered to meet at White River Junction for choice of regimental officers, he was chosen and commissioned Colonel. The next fall, he held an officers' diill there, and a regi- mental muster at Bradford. The same year the Vermont militia were consolidated into one brigade and Col. Jackman was made Brigadier General. He was very painstaking and thorough in his instruc- tions and drills ; and was himself skilled in the use of fife or drum. At the beginning of our late civil war, he received a telegram from Gov. Fair- banks, summoning him to meet him at St. Johnsbury with Gens. Baxter and Davis. The Secretary of War had called for troops. A long consultation was held, and an extra session of the legislature was called. Several companies were detailed and equipped. The governor offered the general any position in his power to grant, if he wished to go to the front ; but ex- pressed the preference that he should remain where he was, and qualify men for duty. He rendered service as an officer during this period ; inspected and got in readiness the old militia, organized new companies and regiments ; sent out cadets to drill companies in different parts of the State, as he was notified of their formation, and regimental officers from different States went to him for instruction at Norwich. At the time of the raid on St. Albans, he took the cadet corps to Derby Line, in response to an order from the governor, with authority to take command of any forces he might find, and to organize more if needed. As no danger had been appre- hended the militia had been disbanded ; but the cadets were always ready, and were en route by rail 2 hours after the order was received. Honor is due the general for the results of his work on behalf of his State and the Union during these years ; his industry was untiring ; and his clear, precise, thor- ough instructions to officers and men were of great value to them in the service. On March 13, 1866, the N. U. " South Barracks " building was burned, whereby Drs. Bourns and Jackman, who had paid up the indebtedness, lost heavily. The latter now thought of leaving to seek a support elsewhere ; but the friends of the institution were anxious that he should remain to aid in establishing it in a new- place, and to this he consented, with the understanding that he should not be re- sponsible for its finances or government ; and he removed with it to its new loca- tion in Northfield, and remained connected with it until his death Feb. 24, 1879. He had attended to his duties as professor the previous week, and been at church the day before. He died from an affection of the heart. He had been a close student, often so absorbed when studying as to be oblivious of what was passing. His delight was in mathematics, in which he excelled, and he was conversant with natural science. His culture lay mostly in these channels and in military science. The degree of LL. D. was conferred upon him in 1862. He wrote some mathematical works which he never published, and demonstrated the problem of squaring the circle to his own satisfaction and to that of some other emi- nent professors — that old problem which had vexed mathematicians for centuries. In person. Gen. Jackman was of sturdy compact frame, though of somewhat less than medium height ; his complexion slightly dark, his eye, dark grey and keen ; the countenance indicating both benevo- lence and decision of character. He was was very methodical, earnest, and hon- est ; had great endurance and strength of body, and mind ; under the trials of life was submissive and patient, and was a NORTHFIELD. 68 1 devout and faithful Christian, and in this respect has left an example which will not soon be forgotten. For several years he was Senior Warden of St. Mary's church, Northfield ; and bequeathed at his death his small estate to the poor. He was married to Miss Charlotte Saw- yer of Royalton, Jan. i, 1856. They had two children : Alonzo, born in 1857, and died 1859; Helen, born i860, and died 1S77 ; Mrs. Jackman died 1874. .XOI^THFIELD GRADED AND HIGH SCHOOL. DESCRIPTION BY .TAMES N. JOHNSON, KSi(^ The Northfield graded and high school, the most important public school in the valley of Dog river, was established nearly in its present form in 1870. The high school is the successor of the Northfield institution formerly the Northfield acad- emy — chartered by the Legislature in 1846. Previous there had been no regular high school in this valley. Gov. Paine donated the grounds for the academy site in 1850, upon an eminence between the river and the Central Vermont railroad, and not far from the geographical center of the village of Northfield. Through the exertions of Gov. Paine, Heman Carpenter, John L. Buck, James 86 Palmer, George R. Cobleigh, Benjamin Porter, Leander Foster, and c]uite a num- ber of other public-spirited citizens, a sub- scription of about $2,400 was raised for erecting the school -building, and another to pay for furniture and apparatus. About a hundred men signed the main subscrip- tion. Gov. Paine giving $500 ; Heman Carpenter, $100; Wm. Nichols and James Palmer, $75, each; H.H.Camp, James Moore, H. R. Campbell, P. Belknap & Co., N. C. & C. S. Munson, Dr. S. W. Thayer, George M. Cady, James Gould, Thomas Connor, R. H. Little, $50, each; J. C. Cady, $40; William Rogers, $35; E. A. Webb, $30; N. W. Lincoln, Elijah Smith, Stephen Cochran, A. Wetherbee, G. P VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE Randall, C. S. Dole, Leander Foster, $25, each; George K. Cobleigh, William R. Tucker, A. S. Braman, H. Nye, Theophilus Cass, $20, each; H. L. Briggs, $12.50. At the first meeting of the trustees, Mar. 6, 1847, Charles Paine, John L. Buck, Leander Foster, James Gould, Jas. Palmer and Heman Carpenter present, John L. Buck, Esq., was chosen presi- dent, James Gould vice president, and Heman Carpenter secretary and treasurer. Judge Carpenter filled his offices till 1868. The building was erected in 1851, by Wm. H. H. Dunham and E. K. Jones; cost about $2,600 ; dedicated and school opened Sept. i85i,with C. C. Webster, A. M., principal. It flourished well. Rev. R. M. Manly succeeding as principal in 1852-3. In 1854, the name of the school was changed by the Legislature to Northfield Institution. The principals since have been John H. Graham, A. R. Bissell, George Brooks, J. G. Mclutire, George F. Beard and Charles G. Tarbell, able teach- ers, and the school well patronized in their time. Having no separate fund, it de- teriorated somewhat during the War of the Rebellion. After the decease of Northfield's bene- factor, Governor Charles Paine, the fol- lowing resolutions were unanimously adopt- ed by the Board of Trustees, Jan. 30, 1854: Whereas, The Trustees of Northfield Academy have heard with deep grief the melancholy intelligence of the death of the Hon. Charles Paine, one of the Trustees of this Institution Resolved, That in his death this Institu- tion has lost one of its first friends, and one whose aid contributed largely to the establishment and .success of the same. Resolved, That the friends of this Insti- tution will ever hold in grateful remem- brance the many public and private virtues of our deceased friend, and the services he has rendered the cause of education in our midst, and the advancement of the growth and prosperity of our State. This Institution will perpetuate its or- ganization, the following named gentle- men being the present Trustees : P. D. Bradford; president ; Lorenzo Belknap, vice president ; J. H. Orcutt, secretary and treasurer; P. D. Bradford, George Nich- ols, J. H. Orcutt, L. Belknap, George M. Fisk, executive committee. Perley Belknap, P. D. Bradford, J. C. Cady, Lorenzo Belknap, George Nichols, J. H. Orcutt, W. S. Hazen, E. K. Jones, J. C. B. Thayer, George M. Fisk, Charles Dole. In 1870, the village school district made a permanent arrangement with the trus- tees of the institution to repair the build- ing, and occupy it for a graded and high school, free for all pupils of the village, which was accomplished through the friends of popular education, notably : Hon. Heman Carpenter, James N. John- son, Rev. William S. Hazen, Thomas L. Salisbury, A. S. Braman and J. H. Rich- ardson. The school opened in Sept. 1870, with 331 pupils. Marshal R. Peck, A. B., principal. He remained 2 years, and should ever be gratefully remembered. Principals since have been, A. R. Savage, Eben C. Smith, A. W. Blair and W. W. Prescott, all efficient, as also, many lady teachers in the graded departments. It received its charter fiom the Legislature in 1872. The old building was accidentally burned Jan. 13, 1876, and the following season the present building, 60x90 feet, with 7 main rooms, was erected, at a cost of about $11,000, by J. C. Rice, upon the same site. The school at present stands well among similar institutions of the State. It costs from $2,500 to $3,000 a year to run it. Directors for 1882.— P. D. Bradford, president, Chas. A. Edgerton, secretary, Geo. H. Crane, William B. Mayo, H. L. Kenyon. SUICIDES. Whole number of suicides in town, 25 : by hanging, 9, by drowning, 6; by poison- ing, 4 ; by cutting their throats, 4: by shooting, 2. Males, 6 by hanging, 4 by drowning, 3 by cutting their throats, 2 by poison, 2 by fire-arms; total, 17. Females, 3 by hang- ing, 2 by drowning, 2 by poison, i by cut- ting throat : total, 8. Attempted suicides 6; 3 by cutting their throats, 2 by hanging, i by poison. Males, 2 by cutting their throats ; fe- males, 2 by hanging, i by cutting her throat, I by poison. NORTHFIELD. 683 &£A^c:s^^ REV. JOEL WlXCil. FIRST MASONIC. The first record of De Witt Clinton Lodge, No. 15, F. & A. M., was Nov. 8, 1848, working under a dispensation from the Grand Lodge of Vermont. This rec- ord does not show where they met, but it is believed they held their meetings in L W. Brown's hall at the Center village. The officers were: Joel Winch, W. M. ; H. W. Carpenter, S. W. : Walter Little, J. W. ; Elijah Smith, Jr., Secretary. Date of Charter, Jan. 18, 1849. Charter Members. — H. W. Carpenter, Joel Winch, Samuel L. Adams, Oramel Williams, Walter Little, Joshua Lane, Jo- seph Bean, John Fisk, Zeno Crocker, S. B. Holden, Philip Staples, John Leonard, and Jesse Averill. Rev. John Gregory received the first de- gree in August, 1849. Past Masters. — Joel Winch, Joel Winch, Jr., A. V. N. Carpenter, A. H. Proctor, David L. Howe, E. G. Babcock, C. N. Carpenter, James P. Warner, J. G. Som- erville, Geo. W. Kingsbury, Henry Ferris, J. L. Mack. Officers for 1882. — W. l\L Rumbaugh, W. M.; L. A. Howes, S. W. ; Ozro Frank H. Bascom, Towne, (t. C. V. Winch, J. W.; J. C. B. Thayer, trea. ; H. L. Kenyon,sec. : W. O. Whitmarsh, S. D. ; G.C. Bates, J. D.; £. Ingalls, S. S. : Wm. Lu- ther, J. S. ; D. Thomas, Marshal : A. McGillvary, Ty- ler. M O U N T Z I O N COMMANDERY, No. 9, Knight Templars . A dispensation was granted b \- the Right E \\\'\ n e]n'_t Grand Commander to the following Sir Knights: J. L. Mack, Joel Winch, Henry D. Bean. Stephen Thomas, L. Bart Cross, Emory Eastman, George W. Tilden, Charles E. Abbott, J. M. Poland, and Allen McGilvary, to open a Com- mandery of Knights Templars at North- field, and to confer the orders of knight- hood. The first meeting under this dispensa- tion was held Apr. 9, 1873, A. O. 755, and the following officers were appointed : Jona L. Mack, Eminent Commander : Henry D. Bean, Generalissimo; Frank H. Bascom, Captain General ; George C. \'. Eastman, Prelate ; Charles E. Abbott, Senior Warden ; Allen McGilvary, Junior Warden ; Joel Winch, Treasurer; J. Mun- roe Poland, Recorder; Emory Town, Standard Bearer ; L. Bart Cross, Sword Bearer ; George W. Tilden, Warder. A charter was granted them bv the Grand Commandery, June 10, A. D., 1873, A. O. 755, and Aug. 27, of the same year, they were formally constituted with ap- propriate ceremonies by the Right Emi- nent Grand Commander, Joseph L. Per- kins, and other grand officers. This inter- esting occasion was graced by the presence of Burlington Commandery, No. 2, and 684 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. the street parade of the two commanderies is remembered as beautiful and imposing. Lily of the Valley, Conclave No. 5, Knights of the Red Cross of Constantine. A charter ha\ing been granted to Henry D. Bean, George C. V. Eastman, Joel Winch, George W. Kingsbury, Charles E. Abbott and Allen McGilvery, by the Grand Imperial Council of the State of Michigan, to form and hold a Conclave of the Red Cross and Appendant Orders at Northfield, in the State of Vermont, the above-named Sir Knights on the ninth day of April, A. D., 1875, A. O. 1562, or- ganized Lily of the Valley, Conclave No. 21, Knights of the Ked Cross of Constan- tine, by electing Henry D. Bean, M. P., sovereign; George C. V. Eastman, vice- roy ; Allen McGilvery, sir general ; Chas. E. Abbott, Jr., general ; Joel Winch, treas- urer; George W. Kingsbury, recorder. A convention of the several Conclaves of the Order in this State met at Burling- ton, Apr. 30, 1875, and organized the Grand Imperial Council of Vermont under the direction of Sir D. Burnham Tracy, 33 °, Grand Sovereign of Michigan. The organization being completed, the above- named charter. No. 21, issued by the Grand Imperial Council of Michigan, was surrendered for endorsement, and was re- issued by the new Grand Council as No. 5 on its roll of subordinates, by the author- ity of which charter Lily of the Valley Conclave has continued to convene reg- ularly for the transaction of the business of the Order until the present time. Masonic Relief Association of Vt., established in Nortlifield, its principal of- ficers citizens of this town, was organized in Feb. 1875, Hon. George Nichols, pres- ident; J. L. Mack, vice president ; G. B. B. Denny, secretary, and J. C. B. Thaver, treasurer, and the same gentlemen con- tinue to hold these several offices at the present time (1878.) odd fellowship. In the fall or winter of 1849 and '50, Brothers Dr. Samuel W. Thayer, J. C. B. Thayer, Dr. Edward A. Williams, Isaac L. Stevens, and Thomas J. Nutter sent a petition to the Grand Master, asking to be instituted as a Lodge, which request was granted, and Mar., 1850, the grand officers visited Northfield, and instituted the Lodge, with the above named brethren as charter members, and the same evening T. A. C. Beard, S. S. Cady, James Pai- mer, and J. S. Abbott also became mem- bers, making 10 in all. The first Xol)le Grand was Dr. S. W. Thayer, and the first Vice Grand J. C. B. Thayer, and Dr. Edward H. Williams the first Secretary. Prosperity attended the Lodge, and at tlie end of three months they had 30, and at the end of two years 60 members, with but one death; but in May, 1852, their hall was burned, with all tlieir books and Lodge property, except the secretary's book ; loss in regalia, library, &c. was $350; no insurance, and a debt of $150, without a penny to pa\ ; no Lodge room, and members scattered, and had it not been for the faithfulness of those who loved Odd Fellowship, it must have gone down never to rise again. The first meeting after the fire was held in the hall of the Northfield House. After a time a hall was procured on Central Street; the next hall was in Union Block. Prosperity again dawned, Jan. i, 1859, they had in the treasury $508.29, free from debt ; but sickness and death made inroads upon them soon again, and their treasury was depleted ; and about this time the railroad works were removed to St. Albans, and as a matter of course many of the members went with them ; those left be- came disheartened, and the good work ceased for the time, after paying all their debts. But in the summer of 1871, Past Grand Master, P. D. Bradford, proposed a meet- ing of the faithful at his ofiice, when a pa- per was drawn up, signed by a goodly number, petitioning the Grand Master to be again recognized. The request was granted ; on the evening of Aug. i, 1871, the grand officers came to Northfield, and restored the Lodge to life. After a few months they began to recuperate, and have gained steadily in funds and members until the present time, with a good working NORTHFIELD. 685 Lodge, and a determination to make it a success. So that to-day [1878] they have 100 members, $1200 hi the treasury, free from debt. The amount of relief paid by the Lodge cannot be told, as the records were burn- ed. But since 1871, they have paid $150 for funeral expenses, have buried 5 broth- ers, and 200 have been admitted to this institution since its first organization. — [j. G. 1878. Present Officers, 1S82.— P. D. Bradford, N. G.; O. D. Edgerton. V. G; J. K. Edgerton, S. ; E. Huntley, T. Eureka Encampment of the Patriar- chal Branch of Independent Order Odd Fellows was institutel Jan. 7, 1874, and now numbers 32 members, have $100 in bank, with good furniture and fixtures,' and are free from debt. They meet first and third Mondays of each month, at 7.30 p. M. Odd Fellows Relief Association — organized in Northfield, Feb. 2, 1875. Hon. P. D. Bradford was elected presi- dent, and O. D. Edgerton, Esq., clerk. Since then 188 have become members, and it is permanently established as one of the institutioas of Northfield that is destined to do great good. Its principles are the same as those of the Masonic Re- lief Association, and we refer the reader to the comments made upon the latter in- stitution as appropriate for both. [1878.] No change. [1882. J COL. ALBERT STEVENS. (FROM KEV. MR. BARTLETT.) Albert Stevens, son of Daniel Stevens, was born in Hartland, Apr. 23, 1804. He lived there till 1820, when father and son left to find a lot of wild land owned by the former in Northfield. On the way they met, in a chaise, the late Judge Paine, dressed in old English style, with knee- breeches. They built a shanty far in the woods, and cut away the timber. In the fall they built a large log-house, with boards laid on to keep off the storm till it could be finished. One morning when Albert awoke, he found the snow had drifted heavily over his bed, and on it were the tracks of animals, such as sables and weazels. Trees were marked by the axe to help find the way, and when belated at night one of these had to be 'found in the dark. Then one of the party would remain at it till some other should be found nearer home. Once a pair of oxen strayed away, and Albert traveled a month in search, going first to Hartland, where they were bought. They were found in Calais, where they had been raised. Mrs. Stevens visited the family in the fall, bring- ing her own handiwork in winter clothing. She came to remain in 182 1. There was a hollow tree on the land 27 feet in cir- cumference, into which Mrs. .S. took six ladies who came to take tea with her. It was afterwards used as a stable for young- cattle, etc. Albert worked hard, and helped to clear about 25 acres. He left in 1823, and went to Warren for about 2 years, then returned and settled on 50 acres adjoining his father's lot. While there he husked corn for Judge Paine where the fountain now is on the common. It was all forest where Central street now is, only one house between the P'actory village (now Depot village), and the Center, which was then mostly woods. Only one house was on Cady hill, that of Nathan Green, one on Water street, and none in Factory village except those con- nected with the factory. A small store was at the Center. Worship was held only at two farm-houses. There was no meeting-house till a year or two later, this name being then exclusively given to all places of worship except Roman Catholic and Episcopal churches. Mr. Stevens chopped wood for 25 cts. a cord, and hewed timber 8 x 8, which he sold, delivered, for a cent a foot running measure. In 1826, he was married to Dorothy Stevens, of Warren ; lived on clearing till 1829, when he removed to Eden and worked 8 years as carpenter and millwright ; built a meeting-house in Eden, and one in Potton, P. O. About 1832, became sergeant of militia in La- moille County, and was afterwards pro- moted through other offices till he was made colonel. He went to Plattsburgh, N. Y., in 1842. When work commenced X 686 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. on the Vermont Central R. R., he returned carpenters of the place were unable to do. to Northfield, where he has lived since. | Col. Stevens has had three children: He has been bookseller since 1857. When i William A., born 1827, died 1855 ; Mary 73 years old, he was asked and consented j Ann, born 1829, married 1849, and died to do a difficult job of " setting out " for a , 1869 ; Edwin, born 1837, died 1863 ; wife new building in Sutton, P. O., which the 1 died 1841. DOG RIVER VALLEY ASSOCIATION. In the summer of 1873, a meeting was called to take into consideration the pro- priety of forming an association to benefit the farmers of Northfield, and it resulted in the formation of the above named soci- ety. Oct. 1st and 2d of the same season, the first fair was held, on Frank W. Gold's trotting park, known as the " Dog River Valley Fair," which was so great a success that they have been continued each year since. It proved that the resources of Northfield and vicinity were equal to the occasion. Calling in the aid of Williams- town, Brookfield, Braintree, Roxbury and Berlin, the Fair was as good as any ever held in the County. Every department was well represented, and Floral Hall was the center of attraction not surpassed by any in the State, and elicited applause from thousands of people. The officers were : John Gregory, pres- ident ; Frank W. Gold, Northfield, Geo. Crane, Williamstown, W. C. Clark, Brook- field, William Orcutt, Roxbury, and C. E. Andrews, Berlin, vice presidents; James Morse, secretary; J. F. Davis, auditor ; William Winch, treasurer. After serving as president three years, Mr. Gregory declined a re-election, and J. NORTHFIELD. 687 H. Orcutt was chosen to fill that position, which he has creditably held since. C. D. Williams is now the acting secretary. Present Officers. — Royal W. Clark, pres- ident ; George Denny, vice president;]. K. Edgerton, secretary ; Christopher Dole, treasurer. ■pmfEni^eoNJy were elected direc- tors, and George Nichols, president ; since then, F. L. Ely, cashier, having deceased, Chas. A. Edgerton, Jr., was appointed in his place. The NORTHFIELD Savings Bank was incorporated in 1867. By close at- tention to its inter- ests, and an eco- nomical administra- tion of its affairs, in 1 1 years it vies in importance and stability with older institutions in our 'Oi-o, kJtc cl..^, BANKS. The NORTHFIELD Bank was chartered by an act ot the Legislature, Nov. 23, 1854, with a capital of $100,000. The first meeting for the election of ofiicers was held Jan. 9, 1855; directors: Calvin Ainsworth, Perley Belknap, Reuben Peck, John B. Hutchinson and Alvin Braley. The .same day Calvin Ainsworth was elected president by the directors, and H. M. Bates, cashier. In 1865, at a stockholders" meeting, it was voted to organize the Northfield Na- tional Bank, under the laws of the United States. H. C. Ely was appointed assist- ant cashier in Nov. 1864. 1878, Jan. 8, at the annual meeting, Geo. Nichols, John Lamson, Charles A. Edgerton, J. C. Gallup and J. C. Cady State. Officers for 1S77-78 : George M. Fsk, president ; George H. Crane, vice president ; Jas. C. B. Thayer, trea. : Carlos D. Williams, secretary; board of directors, Orvis D. Edgerton, Jasper H. Orcutt, Andrew E. Denny, John P. Davis, Edwin K. Jones. Amount of deposits, $151,861.17. [From Mr. Gregory's account in 1878. For sketch of Mr. (i., see page 622.] Banks — eontpleted by Joseph K. Edgerton. NORTHFIELD Bank was organized in 1852, under the general banking law of the State, but did not go into business until after it had, in 1853, received a char- ter from the Legislature. Its first presi- dent was Calvin Ainsworth ; second, Perley Belknap ; third, Alvin Braley ; fourth, Geo. Nichols. The first cashier was H. M. Bates ; second, John B. Hutchinson ; third, Arthur Ropes ; fourth, Henry G. Ely, Fred L. Ely; fifth, Charles A. Edgerton, Jr. X 688 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. GOOD TEMPLARS. GOULDSVILLE LODGE, No. 1 66. — The pioneer Lodge of the town, formed Dec. 20, 1 87 1, with 13 charter members, the number just sufficient to obtain a cliarter. July 31, 1872, the Lodge had a member- ship of 100. Oct. II, 1872, notice of the death of Charles Grant, — the first death of a member. Mar. 18, 1873, E. N. Chandler was instantly killed by an engine ; also died the same month, Sherman Gold, a charter member, a life-long temperance man ; and the same spring, Myra Bowen, a worthy member, died ; Jan. 1876, Joseph Gould, an esteemed charter member ; December, Ella Simons and Mrs. Harriet Thrasher, sisters. The highest number of members at any one time has been 139; the lowest since the first quarter 68 ; and the present mem- bership is 74, in good standing, doing a good work. The Lodge is free from debt, and money in the treasury. As an auxili- ary of the Lodge, there is a Juvenile Tem- ple, of over 40 members, mostly children between the ages of 5 and 16, doing a good work for temperance, and in connection with the Lodge, may be considered one of the permanent institutions of the place. List of Past Worthy Good Tctiiplars. — H. H. Perkins, George Carter, A. F. An- drews, Charles F. Beard, H. S. Thrasher, D. R. Fisk, Charles Mcintosh, H. L. Rich, E. F. Sisco, H. P. Flint, D. R. Fisk, A. Rich, S. F. Gibbs, Charles Benedict. Mountain Gem Lodge, Independent Order of Good Templars, organized Mar. 20, 1873, at South Northfield, the second Lodge of Good Templars in the town ; has numbered • among its members the best citizens of that part of the town, and has always exerted a good, general moral in- fluence with temperance sentiments. It started with 28 charter members ; officers : W. W. Holden, worthy chief templar; Dora L. Holden, worthy vice templar; E. K. Jones, worthy secretary ; Harriet E. Jones, worthy assistant secretary ; Geo. H. Denny, worthy financial secretary ; Martin Cobleigh, worthy treasurer; Wm. Slade, worthy chaplain; Frank S. Mead, past worthy chief templar ; F. A. Jones, worthy marshal ; Olive A. Howe, worthy deputy marshal; Matilda J. Howe, worthy right hand supporter ; Delia Mead, worthy left hand supporter; Elra M. Slade, worthy guard; O. A. Slade, worthy sentinel. The Worthy Chief Templars since the organization of the Lodge : W. W. Holden, Thomas Slade, E. K. Jones, Martin Cobleigh, E. Kimball, Allen Slade, Herman T. J. Howe, Dan. Derby, Frank W. Gold, Fred A. Jones, Jeff. E. House, Albert Steele, Elra M. Slade, S. P. Or- cutt and F. E. Steele. Worthy Vice Templars, Dora L. Holden, Elva M. Steele, Harriet E. Jones, Carrie Cobleigh, Celia Gold, Nellie Kimball, Emma A. Wright, Aurora M. Edson, Clara Cobleigh, Anna Fuller, Etta Briggs, Susie Jones, Abbie Kimball, Anna Jones and Roxana Orcutt. The Lodge deputies have been : Thos. Slade, W. W. Holden, S. P. Orcutt and Dan. Derby. The following have been delegates to the Grand Lodge : W. W. Holden, E. K. Jones, S. P. Orcutt, Thomas Slade and Dan. Derby. The Lodge now numbers about 50 mem- bers. It is numerically the smallest Lodge of the town, but it has always numbered among its members more of the eligible inhabitants of its jurisdiction than either of the other Lodges ; and, although its field of labor has not been as hard as the others, yet it has done a good work. Sons of Temperance. Central Divis- ion, No. 80, instituted Feb. 16, 1858, had its day of w^orking good in Northfield in the cause of temperance. The best minds in this town were its -warmest supporters. But, like other benevolent associations for the suppression of vice, it declined, and gave way to more preferable organiza- tions, but its existence was a blessing to many, and it deserves honorable mention in our temperance record. It died out. Carswell Temple of Honor, was in- stituted Dec. 28, 1868; the expense of running it seemed too high for those in moderate circumstances. NORTHFIELD. NoRTHFiELD LoDGE, No. 175, Inde- pendent Order of Good Templars, was or- ganized in the village of Northfield, at Concert Hall, Apr. 3, 1873, by Col. John B. Mead, of Randolph, Grand Worthy Chief Templar, assisted by Rev. E. Folsom, Deputy Grand Worthy Chief Templar for Washington County, and by large delega- tions from the Lodges at Gouldsville and the South Village. Over 100 names were on the application for a charter, and 80 presented themselves for initiation on the evening of institution. Starting with so large a membership, com- prising many of our best citizens and rep- resenting all branches of industry, it stepped at once into the front ranks among the lodges of the State, and in Jan. 1875, it had a membership of 201, making it the banner lodge of the County and of the State, which position it has since held. 87 The largest membership was in Aug. 1877, when it numbered 290 members in good standing. At the occasion of its fifth anni- versary the report shows that there had been in- itiated into the lodge over 500 members. One-half that number have severed their connection with the lodge by removals, with- drawals, etc., leaving the ,2; present number 250. In v^l^ Jan. 1875, this lodge, as- Nj^ sisted by the cotemporary lodges of the town, enter- tained the Grand Lodge of the State, and in January, 1879, will agam have the same pleasure. The offi- cers at the organization of the lodge were : Frank Plumley, worthy chief tem- plar ; Altha Dutton, worthy vice templar ; Ladoit Der- by, worthy secretary ; Mrs. L. W. Avery, worthy fi- nancial secretary; L. W. Avery, worthy treasurer; J. F. Davis, worthy chap- lain; S. B. Spaulding, worthy marshal; Hattie Clifford, worthy deputy marshal ; Lizzie Knapp, worthy guard ; H. W. Davis, worthy sentinel ; Mrs. L. L. Plumley, worthy right hand supporter ; Clara Max- ham, worthy left hand supporter; A. R. Savage, lodge deputy. Succeeding Worthy Chief Templars. — Rev. R. A. Greene, Frank Plumley, J. F. Davis, O. D. Edgerton, Dr. P. D. Brad- ford, L. W. Avery, W. H. H. Claflin, Dr. W. H. Bryant, C. M. Johnston and F. R. Bates. Representatives to Grand Lodge — 1874, A. R. Savage, Frank Plumley; 1875, W. H. H. Claflin, Ella Dutton; 1876, O. D. Edgerton, Mrs. L. W. Avery, Washington Coburn ; 1877, J. F. Davis, C. M. John- ston, Mrs. Carrie Smith ; 1878, Rev. A. B. Truax, Dr. W. H. Bryant, Mrs. W. H. H. Claflin. 690 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Members of the Lodge honored by the Grand Lodge — 1874, F. Plumley, alternate delegate to right worthy grand lodge ; 1874, A. R. Savage, district deputy for Washington County; 1875 and since, F. Plumley, grand worthy secretary, by an- nual elections; Mrs. F. Plumley, assistant grand secretary two years; 1876,0. D. Edgerton, member finance committee 3 years; 1876, Mrs. L. W. Avery, delegate to right worthy grand lodge ; 1877, C. M. Johnston, assistant grand secretary ; 1877, O. D. Edgerton, delegate to right worthy grand lodge ; 1877, J. F. Davis and Dr. P. D. Bradford, state deputies; 1878, O. D. Edgerton, state deputy; 1878, Rev. A. B.Truax, grand worthy chaplain ; 1878, Frank Plumley, chairman; and O. D. Edgerton, served upon special mission committee. Without giving this lodge more credit than is its due, it may justly be said it has done and is doing a good work in the tem- perance reformation of the town. The lodge and its members very properly feel a just pride in the position it has taken in the councils of the Grand Lodge, where its influence is by no means inconsiderable. The Degree Temple, Independent Order of Good Templars. — In 1873, the Degree members of Gouldsville, Mountain Gem, Roxbury, Brookfield and Northfield Lodges organized Union Degree Temple, No. 12, with the following officers : A. R. Savage, degree templar ; Helen Flint, de- gree vice templar; L. N. Miller, degree secretary; Mrs. L. W. Avery, degree financial secretary; J. F. Davis, degree treasurer; A. W. Edson, degree chaplain; H. A. Vose, degree Marshal; Mary Don- ovan, degree guard ; C. Simonds, degree sentinel; Mrs. L. N. Miller, degree assist- ant secretary ; Clara Havens, degree dep- uty marshal ; Mrs. L. W. Avery, degree right hand supporter; Mrs. I. G. Foster, degree left hand supporter. For a time the meetings were held al- ternately with the five lodges joined in its institution, but after a while, owing to the inconvenience of traveling, its meet- ings were permanently established at Good Templars' Hall with Northfield Lodge. On account of the same reasons for the change of place of meetings, most of the members of the other lodges withdrew, and the Temple is now confined largely to North- field Lodge. There have been about 150 members in all, of which there now re- mains about 60. The Temple is inter- mediate between the subordinate and Grand Lodges, and when well sustained and worked, it is quite as enjoyable as any- thing in Good Templary. Northfield Juvenile Temple, No. i . — Not least among our valuable institu- tions, and means of doing good, is North- field Juvenile Temple, No. i. Some of our i^eople, realizing the benefit of a thorough temperance education for our children, met Apr. 3, 1875, i" Good Tem- plar's Hall, with Miss Lucy Bradshaw, of Montpelier, then State Superintendent of Juvenile Temple, who organized the first Temple in the State, with 53 members, 15 honorary and 38 children. Rev. R. A. Greene was chosen Superintendent, and held that office nearly 2 years, as long as he remained in town, when Mrs. L. E. Pope was appointed, and served 5 months, until she resigned. Mrs. C. M. Persons was appointed, and has held the office the last year, and is doing a noble work. Their pledge is: "I do most solemnly promise that I will never, so long as I live make, buy, sell, or use as a beverage, any spirituous or malt liquors, wine, beer or cider. 1 also promise to abstain from the use of tobacco in any form. I also prom- ise that I will never take the name of God in vain, or use profane or wicked words. I also promise to do all 1 can to lionor this pledge by a good example, and that 1 will obey the laws of the Juvenile Templars. This Temple has increased in numbers and usefulness, and now has more than 150 members, working zealously for Tem- perance. — J. Gregory, 1878. 1875-80, F. Plumley, G. W. Sec. of Gr. Lodge of Vt., delegate from Gr. Lodge to R. W. Gr. Lodge, New York, 1880, and Topeka, Ka,n., 1881. 1882, Dr. N. W. Gilbert, W. C. T. of Northfield Lodge, and A. F. Andrews, of Gouldsville Lodge. Mt. Gem lodge is dead. — F. Plumley. NORTHFIELD. GEN. ALONZO JACKMAN, :.L. D. GEOLOGY. [A paper ori the Geology of this town, by Professor Jackman, late of the Norwich University, from John Gregory's History of Northfield — the portrait to accompany it in this work being contributed by Mr. Atkins of the Ar^i/s.^ Remark. — In accordance with the char- acter of this book as a history of North- field, the following article is presented in historical form. It, therefore, enters into the bearings of the subject through the successive periods of remote years, and at the same time whatever is introduced per- tains to Northfield. For the chronological order, reference will be made to Dana's Geology. From a long series of critical observa- tions upon the stratified rocks of the earth's crust, and a close study concerning their contained fossils, geologists have pretty uniformly come to the following conclu- sion, viz. : That there was a time when no living substance existed upon the globe ; when all the earth was under water ; and. during ages of this chaos, the oceanic currents at some places wore away the earth's crust. and the resulting detritus, mixed with volcanic discharges, was spread out at other places upon the ocean l:)ed, thereby forming immense stratified deposits to unknown depths. This duration of time is called the Azoic Period, toward the close of which the dry land began to appear, as " mere islets in the great conti- nental sea.'" (Dana, p. jj.) After this there was a time when life, in its simplest forms, began in the great deep. And during the progress of ages the ocean became filled with animal life, as radiates, mollusks, articulates, and vertebrates, and, in the same manner as above stated, vast stratified deposits, including fos- sils, accumulated to the depth of some seven miles. (Dana, p. 144.) Further, the earth rose gradually above the water, the dry land l^ecame covered with vegetation, and animal life everywhere abounded. This portion of time is called the Paleozoic Period. After this there was a Mesozoic Period, whose deposits are some 2 miles deep. (Dana, p. 198.) And after this there was a Conozoic Period, vthose de- posits are some ih miles deep. ' (Dana, p. 244.) And then came the Age of Man, which is now in progress. During the time pertaining to each of the above grand periods, the earth was many times convulsed, when its crust in some places was raised to mountain masses, and at other, places depressed to sea- basins, thus, in a manner, separating those grand periods into several sub-divisions ; but the grand divisions, at their closing epochs, were more emphatically marked, as if disturbed by special upheavals of such magnitude that at each time nearly all an- imal life upon the globe became extinct, then the following period received a new order of beings upon a higher scale of life. In this manner the earth progressed, up- ward to the Age of Man, and onward to the condition in which we behold it. (Dana.) X 692 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. At the times and places of these terres- trial disturbances, mentioned above, the volcanic heat became so intense as to metamorphose those stratified deposits : the sand into granite, the clay into roofing slate, and the coral-reefs and shell-banks into marble, etc. (Dana, p. 312.) Further, when these deposits were being broken up by upheavals, the oceanic currents, charged with gravel-drift, ground off their ragged edges, and moved the detritus to other places of deposit. Thus, the conti- nents, from period to period, rose grad- ually above the water. And now we see the earth with its stratified, out-cropping rocks, well water-worn, even to the top of our highest mountains. Large portions of the earth's surface are observed to be covered with unstratified deposits, which are confusedly mingled with gravel and boulders ; and, sometimes, these deposits are in hillocks of small wa- ter-worn stones ; as may be seen in Depot village, in the vicinity of School street. Also, on the tops of our highest mountain- peaks, we often see large granite boulders, and other rocks, which must have come from great distances ; and, apparently, at a time not very remote in the past. Now the " Glacier theory" fails to account, con- sistently, for all these appearances ; for, were there, west of the Green Mountains, a glacier, or ice-flow, from the North, it would naturally pass through the Hudson Valley opening ; but, to suppose that this glacier would turn eastward, climb the western front of the Green Mountains, and, as the "drift marks" indicate, cross Vermont the rough way over hills and val- leys, in nearly a horizontal path, is to sup- pose what involves a dynamical absurdity. If, now, we try the theory that there was a flood like the one described in Genesis (Chap, vii), all appearances at once wheel into a consistent line of argument and are compatible with a complete solution of the mysterious problem ; for such a flood would in the polar regions raise from their ancient beds large masses of ice, which had re- ceived from mountain ravines gravel and boulders, by means of thaws and glaciers. Also, from the frozen tops of mountains. the ancient masses of accumulated ice would'float, thereby tearing off their rocky scalps. These icebergs, moved by wind and current, would drift toward the equa- tor, and on the thawing passage drop their rocky freight upon the submerged land. Further, icebergs, drawing a greater depth of water, would lodge on submerged mountain ridges, and there remain until sufficiently reduced to be pushed over by the elements, thereby making, in their rocky tops, the "drift marks," which are distinctly seen on the heights about Northfield. As our admitted flood should subside, hillocks of water-worn stones would be formed by the thawing of strand- ed icebergs. Also, sandy terraces, similar to those near the Methodist camp-ground, the fair-ground, and the cemetery, would be formed. (Such terraces have hitherto been placed by geologists in a "Cham- plain Period.") In fact, to account for the appearances every where seen upon the earth's surface, it seemingly requires what is identically the "flood." But whence came the water to make such a flood ? It came in from the ocean,- when " all the fountaius of the great deep were broken up,^' as a consequent result of the ocean bed being upheaved and the dry land de- pressed. Thus the whole earth became again submerged, as it was in the Azoic Period. Further, the subsidence of the flood was caused by the same agency, in returning the continents and ocean beds — possibly in part — to their former conditions. And all this is in complete accordance with admitted principles in the science of Ge- ology. The "mere islets" of the Azoic Period in the ancient ages of the world, were the first dry land, (Dana, p T]), but the next land which rose out of the sea was the Green Mountains, (Dana, p 92), which is, therefore, about the oldest dry land upon the globe. When the Green Mountains began to show themselves above the water, the Paleozoic formation had in its struct- ure only the Potsdam and Trenton de- posits, (Dana, p 80, 91), which now rest on the mountain. As ages advanced the mountains gradually rose out of the ocean NORTHFIELD. 693 to completion, thereb}- bringing to the sur- face, in the order of their formation, the successive Paleozoic strata, thus causing an increase of dry land. Hence, from the mountain top eastward, these successive strata have an eastern dip, a western out- crop, and a strike generally parallel to the Green Mountain range. These several outcrops, in the order of their formations, have those of the upper formations consid- erably to the east of those belonging to the lower formations. Further, in the process of their rising, the Green Moun- tains were so irregularly pushed up that their stratified structure received many cross-breaks and contortions. The ocean currents then scooped out these cross- breaks and wore oiT their rough projections, thus grinding down Vermont into a grand system of high mountains and deep val- leys. In this condition the Green Moun- tains finally came up out of the sea, and now present themselves as a kind of High Backbone Ridge, with large vertebral knobs, and long rib-like spurs, extending eastward to the Connecticut valley, and between these spurs flow the vein-like streams, as Black river, Quechee river. White river, etc. To get a better idea of the stratified formations in the Green Mountain struc- ture, conceive an explorer to walk from the mountain top eastward through North- field, and to observe the rocks he passes. This person would first walk on the upper surface of some Paleozoic formation, down its dipping slope into Mad River valley, near Waitsfield. Here he would meet the high, out-cropping front of the next form- ation above, which he would climb and having arrived at its top, where it is called " Bald Mountain," he would find himself 2636 feet above tide-water ; but, on Waits- field Mountain, at the highest point in the road between Waitsfield and Northfield, he would stand 2135 feet above tide-water, and upon a slaty formation of hard green- ish stone highly charged with quartz. He would next, on the upper surface of this formation, pass down its dipping' slope into Dog River valley at Northfield, where he would find himself 728 feet above tide- water, and 638 feet above the surface of Lake Champlain. The hill north-west of Elmwood Cemetery, 1359 f^^*' ^^^^ that just south of South village, 1900 feet above tide-water. Also, he would notice a stra- tum of light-greenish, talcose slate-rock, well charged with quartz grit, and locally called "jenkstone." It splits freely into desirable thicknesses, breaks handsomely into rectangular forms, and is doubtless a good building stone. For proof see Mr. Jenks' dwelling-house. Next in order he would notice a stratum of lightish-gray mi- caceous sandstone, locally called "whet- stone ledge," from which whetstones, hones, and the like, are manufactured by Wood & Son, and they are said to be good. Proceeding onward, he would meet the high, out-cropping front of the famous slate formation, from which the noted roofing slate are taken by Adams & Co. Having climbed this high front — called Paine mountain — and standing on its top, he would find himself 2435 feet above tide- water, or 1707 feet above the depot, and he would also get a magnificent view with a clear sweep around the whole circum- ference of the distant horizon. Thence, proceeding onward upon the upper surface of this formation, he would pass down its dipping slope into Berlin Pond valley, where he would meet the out-cropping front of a dark slaty limestone formation. Thence, proceeding over this elevation, he would descend into Williamstown val- ley, and so on he could travel up and down to the Connecticut valley, and to the sea. At first sight this traveler would think that the rocky stratification over which he passed stood nearly perpendicular to the horizon ; but, on closer inspection, he would discover that what he took for strat- ification was the slaty cleavage of the rock, which is always nearly perpendicular to the bed of stratification. (Dana, p. 36.) Now the town of Northfield is on an eastern spur of the Green Mountains, and at the centre of the State ; for, by actual estimation, from maps and various sur- veys, the center of the town and the center of the State are both found to be upon the same town lot. (Lot No. 9 in range 5. X 694 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. See town map.) Tlie town being thus on the Green Mountains, Northfield farmers cultivate about the oldest land in the world where terrestrial life first began. In fact, "The dust we tread upon was once alive,"— jS(//-o«. Dog river runs through the eastern part of the town in a direction a little east of north, taking in on both sides quite re- spectable tributaries, which drain the sev- eral minor valleys of the town. Thus, by the river, its tributaries, and their great number of feeding springs, the town is well watered. Instead of the surface soil rising abruptly from the banks of the river and brooks, these streams are skirted by handsome narrow meadows and terraced flats, from whose outer limits the ground rises into the highlands in such manner that nearly all the surface, even to the tops of the highest hills, is susceptible of cultivation. There is very little waste land in Northfield. On the river the soil is generally light and sandy, but back from the river, on the upland, the soil is dark, strong and good, suitable for all the crops generally raised in the State. The native timber growth of the town consists of fir, spruce, hemlock, maple, birch, a.sh, elm, and the like. BUSINESS IN NORTHFIELD — 1 882. BY .Jo,SEl"II K. EGEKTON. Dog River runs through the town in a northerly direction, aftording many valua- ble water privileges, most of which are now improved. The East Branch runs from Bennett's Pond, which is on the highland near the VVilliamstown line. From this pond, when the water is high, a stream runs north to Berlin Pond. Just below the eastern outlet Mr. Edward H. Howes has a saw-mill. The first mill built on that site was put up by Aquillo Jones ; soon after Judge Paine built the first mill in town, which was on the same stream, about one mile below. About 2 miles further east, and near South Northfield, this stream unites with a brook which runs from a large pond in East Roxbury. A few rods north of this junction, Geo. H- Fisher has a shingle mill and carriage- shop, and Warren C. Briggs has a black- smith shop and knife factory, both deriving power from the same water-wheel. About 20 rods north of these shops is a large building occupied by Martin Cobleigh and Geo. W. Kingsbury, for the manufacture of doors, sash and blinds, they having also, across the road, another large building- used, in connection with this, as a paint- shop. A few rods further down the stream is a two story building, about 40x60, occu- pied by L. N. Howe as a chair factory; adjoining this is the grist-mill of Thomas Slade ; further down the stream, a few rods, is a small factory used by S. D. Dodge for cloth-dressing and wool-carding, and a little below, W. W. Holden has a shop for the manufacture of coffins, cas- kets and chairs, the aforesaid comprising all manufacturing establishments now in operation at So. Northfield. About one mile from the South village, N. W., the east branch unites with the river, the main branch of which runs from Stump Pond, which is partly in Roxbury and part in Northfield. Just below the outlet of this pond, G. B. Andrews has a grist-mill, to which a \arye part of the in- habitants of Roxbury, and many of North- field, carry their grain to be ground. A few rods north, Joseph C. Rice has a saw- mill, and just below that stands the car- riage-shop of Gilbert R. Andrews. About half way from Andrews* mill to the Har- low Bridge are the ruins of a saw-mill, where in former years, a large amount of lumber was manufactured. No further use is made of the river as motive power till we reach, nearly 4 miles further north, the location of Judge Paine \s first woolen fac- tory. The brick building now standing there is occupied by A. F. Spalding as a machine-shop and for the manufacture of pumps ; by Newell & Colby for the manu- facture of chair stock and fork handles ; by Henry R. Bean for the manufacture of fork and broom handles ; and by Brown, Denny &. Harris for the manufacture of lumber, they having, also, a grist-mill and saw-mill in an adjoining building ; about 30 feet north is a large building used for the manufacture of slate, power being car- ried thereto from the brick building, above NORTHFIELD. 695 named, by belting. About \ mile further down the stream is the woolen factory built in 1864, by George M. Fisk, now occupied by A. Howarth & Son as a flan- ^nel factory, employing about 30 hands; adjoining this, and using the same power, is the extensive machine-shop and foun- dry, built in by Perley Belknap, and now occupied by the Ely Foundry Co., and giving employment to about 30 men ; about \ mile further on is the grist-mill of Lewis Wood & Son ; a half-mile below we find the ruins of a mill, and near to that the first-class brick building owned by Jo- seph W. Gould, and occupied by him for the manufacture of woolen flannels. Mr. Gould has one of the very finest establish- ments of the kind to be found in the coun- ty, and gives employment to about 100 people. On. Cox brook, which runs into Dog River at Gouldsville, is a very fine saw-mill, owned by John Hornbrook ; on Jones Brook, which runs in further up the river, H. M. Cutler has a large lum- ber mill ; on Stevens Brook W. A. Rice has a saw-mill ; and on Rocky Brook, Geo. F. Glidden has a large saw-mill. By steam, the Ely Foundry run their ma- chinery in low water times, and the Adams Slate Co. rvm a derrick by steam-power, for raising stone from their quarry. GEO. H. RICHMOND. has also a steam engine, used for power to run his printing presses, and to heat the building occupied by him. Mr. Rich- mond publishes The Northfield News , a pa- per started by him in 1878, now having a circulation of 1 200, and also The Vermont Farmer, circulating 2400 copies weekly, which was removed to Northfield from Montpelier in 188 1. He prints, also. The Reveille, a monthly periodical, published by the cadets of Lewis College ; and The iMonthly Reporter, published by C. F. Buswell of Montpelier. In the same building is "The Northfield Insurance Agency," managed by Joseph K. Egerton. Just south of the News Block, above men- tioned, is the extensive marble works of F. L. Howe & Co. ; 30 feet further south is Central Block, now occupied by Boyn- ton & Moseley, for the sale of meat & provisions ; George Nichols, drugs & medicines ; A. E. Denny, groceries & hardware; C. Denny & Co., dry goods; Stebbins & Richmond, groceries & provis- ion • G. II. Crane, dry goods; Fred Down- ing, saloon ; Edwin Porter, drugs & med- icines ; S. P. Grow, boots & shoes: J. N. Johnson, lawyer ; F. R. Bates & F. Plum- ley, lawyers ; C. W. Locklin, dentist ; the third story of the building in two very fine halls, is occupied by the Masons and the Odd Fellows. West of Central block is Concert hall, capable of seating 500, and over that the Universalist church ; further west, a few feet, is Eagle block, occupied by Geo. B. B. Denny, for the sale of cloth- ing ; W. A. Blake, groceries ; Kenyon & Soper, groceries, crockery & fancy goods ; S. F. Judd, groceries; E. O. Thurston, watches & jewelry ; D. Bacon, flour, meal & groceries ; Hazleton, Kimball & Deer- ing, meat & produce ; Mrs. Jones, milli- nery ; W. C. Woodbury & F. N. Carpen- ter, barbers. Union block, just opposite on the south, is occupied by J. C. B. Thayer, for the sale of clothing ; by the Northfield Savings Bank, of which J. C. B. Thayer is Treasurer; Edgerton Broth- ers, for the sale of merchandize of every description; E. G. Pierce, groceries ; Geo. M. Fisk, lawyer; O. S. Cook, leggins & mittens; L. S. Wellington & D. P. Holt, boots & shoes. East of Union Block is R. M. Mcintosh, photographic rooms, occu- pied also by N. W. Gilbert, dentist. West of Union Block is Stevens Block, occupied by A. Stevens, for the sale of books & stationery; T. C. Patterson, boots & shoes ; Rene S. Fletcher, milli- nery; north of Stevens Block is the R. R. Depot, one room of which is occupied by the Northfield' National Bank; another room by E. G. Sanborn, for a boot & shoe store; and one by Mrs. M. S. Gilchrist, for the sale of millinery goods ; also, the express & telegraph office, by C. A. Webb. Opposite the Depot, east across the pub- lic square, which is about 200x400 feet, is the Northfield House, built by George M. Fisk about 2 years since, on a part of the ground covered by the hotel burned in 1879. It is now kept by W. H. Morris, 696 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ^^ See page 695 and 634. who keeps also a livery stable ; and adjoin- ing this hotel, on the south, is the post- office. A few rods south, on main street, is the Avery Hotel and Livery Stable, kept by L. W. Avery ; about .j mile further south is the tannery owned and occupied by Den- ny & Smith ; a little further south, in what was formerly the Center village of the town, is the general store of John P. Davis, and a blacksmith shop and carriage shop run by R. T. Eastman ; and a broom factory by Thomas Averill. On the west side of the river, opposite the Depot, is the C. O. D. store by Darius Thomas; a blacksmith shop by A. Fuller; a coffin and carriage- shop, owned and occupied by G. W. Ma.x- ham. A short distance west is the carriage and machine shop of D. Bacon; easterly across the R. R. track, is the carriage shop of A. Mead ; the blacksmith shop of A. Gosley & Son ; the carriage shop of A. O. Chase ; the paint shop of W. R. Bean ; and the blacksmith shop of Ai Smith. South a short distance, is the carriage shop of J. B. Shortridge ; across the river, is the harness shop of C. B. Gold; and fur- ther on a few feet, is Paine's block, occupied by S. W. Steele & Son, tin- ware & stoves; J. G. Co- burn, harnesses ; E. Hunt- ley, paints & paper; J. L. Abbott, coffins and cas- kets; N. Huntley, tin- ware & stoves. The up- per part of the building in two large halls, is occupi- ed by the Good Templars and the New England Guards. A little further east, is the paint shop of S. F. Gibbs ; the black- smith shop of J. R. Davis ; and the carriage shop of A. C. Chase. At Gouldsville is the general store of A. F. An- J^^*^ ^c^ drews ; the grocery and «7^^ ^ 0€^ provision store of C. F. Hurley ; harness shop of A. H. Brown; and black- smith shop of Greenwood ; a considerable business is done in , the manufacture of whetstones by L. Wood & Son and by Geo. S. Richards. Northfield Circulating Library contains about I, GOO volumes. There are in town two well equipped Fire Engine companies, of 50 men each, and a Hook & Ladder company of 20 men. In the quarrying and manufacture of slate stone a very large amount of money was formerly invested. Eleven quarries were opened, at an expense of more than $200,000, nearly all of which would now with good management yield large profits to the manufacturers. The supply of slate is inexhaustible, and in quality equal to the best in the world. The Adams Slate Co. have been working their quarry successfully since 1869; in 1 88 1, employing 40 men and sending out of town 100 car loads of slate. At the present time, this Co. is at work in the Morris quarry, and expect in 1882, to dou- ble the amount of their business. NORTHFIELD. 697 There is in town a very extensive gran- ite ledge, which was formerly worked in a small way. It is very favorably located for quarrying, but wholly neglected. There have been 17 saw-mills in North- field. Of this number 7 are now in oper- ation. At different times 9 grist-mills have been run, and there are now 4 in town. Of woolen factories the town has had 5, of these 3 are now at work. Of wood-shops the town has had a large num- ber, the largest of which, that of the Vt. Manufacturing Co., which had been suc- cessfully engaged in the manufacture of chairs for years, was burned in 1877. Brick-making was formerly an important branch of industry in Northfield, but al- though there is a plentiful supply of mate- rial, very favorably located for the busi- ness, nothing has been done in that line for many years. NORTHFIELD GRADUATES. Universiiy of Vermotit. — Class of 1850, John H. Buck and Edwin Porter. Class of i860, Geo. N. Carpenter and Geo. Bates. Class of 1868, George Cochrane. Class of 1870, Geo. W. Winch. Non Graduate. — Fred Ely. Dartmouth College. — Class of 1863, Isaac Newton Jenks, born in Northfield, June 17, 1839 ; read law in New York city. Dartmouth allumni. — 1878, F. W. Gregg ; 1879, J. N. Jenks, C. C. Davis, K. Derby, C. D. Edgerton, H. B. Thayer; 1880, B. F. Armitage. Non Graduates, Dartmouth. — C. A. Edgerton, Jr., class of '79. Under Graduates. — C. W. McClearn, class of '82; C. A. Braley, '83; C. M.^Da- vis, '84. Middletown University. — Geo. C. Smith, graduated. Non Graduates. — Frank A. Winch, Geo. H. Richmond. George Gallup, John W. Gregory, grad- uates of Law School University of Michi- gan. Norwich University. — Asa Howe, class of 1869; Charles Dole, Henry J. Howe, 1870; Walter Dole, Chas. E. Tarbell, 1871 ; Wm. G. Owen, 1872, F. L. Kim- ball, 1873; Frank R. Bates, C. M. John- ston, 1874; Robert A. Silver, 1876; George Thomas, 1877; Henry C. Dole. Lewis College. — 1881, M. D. Smith. THEODA p. HOWE was born in Cambridge, Mass., Nov. 20, 1 8 13. Her parents removed to Norwich, Vt., when she was quite young, and to Northfield in 1835, where she was mar- ried to Wm. R. Tucker. She died in 1845, leaving a son and daughter, both re- siding now (1882), in Washington, D. C. Her first articles for publication were written at Norwich when she was only a child, for the Vertnont Enquirer, a paper published at that place. For several years she was a contributor to various Vermont and Boston journals. As her writings were never collected in book form, this piece given is the only one at hand, and is hardly a fair specimen of her poetry : [See Poets and Poetry of Vermont, where the same is published.] TO AN ANTUMN BOUGH. Bright autuniu leaves, when you I see. No visions dread my bosom swell ; You wake no saddened thoughts for me, Though ray sad fate you seem to tell. But late I saw the forest green Slight waving in the summer air. But now the changing tints are seen. Which only autumn forests wear. And you have faded not more fast Than she who loved sweet autumn's gloom ; Her moments here will soon be past. With you she soon will find a tomb. This bough by some kind hand was sought, To soothe her on her couch of pain. And from the favorite grove was brought, Which she can never see again. Now would she rest mid sylvan bowers, Where murm'ring pines their branches wave; Better are withered leaves than flowers To strew upon her early grave. t. P. H. PERLEY BELKNAP. Simeon Belknap, a native of Connecti- cut, who had purchased a tract of land in Randolph, returning from which to his former home, was one of those who was so unfortunate as to be taken and carried away captive from the sacking and burning of Royaltoh, by Lieutenant Horton of the British army, in 1780. He was taken to Canada and held a prisoner of war for 2 years, when he, with some of his compan- ions, managed to escape and return to the VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. States ; after which he settled on his Ran- dolph estate, where his son Perley was born in 1807. Perley married Huldah, daughter of Dr. John Edson of that town, and while still engaged in the foundry business there, at the earnest solicitation of Gov. Paine, embarked in a similar enterprise in North- field, in connection with some other par- ties, whose interests in the business he soon purchased, however, and removed to this town for permanent residence about the year 1849. He bought the water pow- er below the old Paine factory, where he established his foundry, and afterwards a machine shop, and taking into partnership his brother-in-law, John H. Edson, they employed from 30 to 50 men for many years. The business of the machine shop was largely the manufacture of water wheels and circular saw and clapboard mills, which were sold in large numbers, and sent to all parts of this country, and some to foreign lands. He also had a grist-mill, built a woolen-mill for other parties to operate, wherein the spindles and shuttles are still running at the'pres- ent time. Mr. Belknap was a director in the North- field Bank from the time of its incorpora- tion until he was elected its President, a position to which he was successively re- elected for 12 or 15 years. He has never held any important civil office, having steadily declined to put himself in the way of political preferment, which used some- times to be suggested to him by his friends. He has been a large owner of, and dealer in, real estate, consisting of business blocks, mills, houses, farms, &c., some of which are still in his possession, though he has partially retired from active busi- ness life. Mr. Belknap is a very genial, compan- ionable man. The above was contributed by Dr. Gil- bert. LITERARY CLUBS — 1882. There have been several Shaksperian clubs within the last 12 years. The most recently organized and the only one now holding meetings is called the Salvini Shaksperian Club. It has 16 members; Rev. F. W. Bartlett, president. Meet- ings, fortnightly. The Conversational Club is also now in operation, for social and intellectual im- provement, and discourses on practical, literary and scientific subjects ; member- ship limited to sixteen. Rev. F. W. Bart- lett is president; Rev. Wm. S. Hazen, vice president; C. A. Edgerton, Jr., sec- retary ; Professor Charles Dole, treas- urer. Meetings, every two weeks. The Northfield Debating Club holds also its sessions every week, the members pre- siding in rotation ; secretary, W. F. Ba- ker ; 12 members. THE HEALING WATERS. BY F. W. BARTLETT. [The following song, to tlie air of " Sparliling and Brigiil," was composed wlien on a visit to a mineral spring in Northern Vt.] Come let us abide near the fountain side, The streamlet of lieallh and beauty, Where the spring sprites dwell in the charming dell To dispense their golden booty; For the precious grains, from the eartli's rich veins. Crown with gems, bright in their glory. The goblet of healtli, and of joy and wealth. Never dreamed of in mythic story. Chorus.— Then here's to thee, so true and free. Thy Health — for ours is owing To the magic grains, whicli, in our veins. Are all of thine own bestowing. Let the Bacchanal dare to love the glare Of his fire-water, red and glowing. Where the pale fiend lurks, and his mischief works, In the seeds of death he is sowing; But give us the joy witliout alloy. Which flows from the cup of healing. As with finger of light, the spring fay bright Is the pathway of hope revealing. Chorus.— Then here's to thee, etc. Plumley : additional and correction of page 646, not received in time, by our go- ing to press a day before the time named. First, the name of Mr. Plumley's wife be- fore marriage was Lavinia L. Fletcher ; and not Lamina, as before printed from the Northfield History of '78. In 1876, Mr. Plumley was elected State's attorney for Washington County on the Republican ticket, and again in 1878, hold- ing the office 4 years, and during that time successfully prosecuting many impor- tant State cases ; among others, Royal W. Carr, and Almon and Emeline Meeker for murder. iNORTHFIELD. 699 SOLDIERS OF THE WAR OF 1861. COMPILED MAINLY FUOM THE ADJ. GENERAL'S RErORT, BY ASA HOWE, M. D. FIRST REGIMENT — THREE MONTHS — FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS. Names. Levi H. Stone, Wm. H. Boynton, Charles A. Webb, Charles H. Joyce, Charles H. Joyce, Charles C. Canning, James P. Stone, Charles G. Fisher, Charles G. Fisher, Charles G. Fisher, Philander D. Bradford, Edwin C. Lewis, William C. Hopkins, 30 do do 32 Jan 28 62 Jan 28 62 24 Dec 14 61 Dec 14 61 FOURTH REGIMENT- Com. Mustered. Remarks Apr 2661 May 261 Chaplain; mustered out Aug. 15,61. 29 Apr 23 61 May 24 61 Capt. Co. F. do 22 23 61 Aug 15 61 Jan. 1882, Maj. i6th Inf. U. S. A. SECOND REGIMENT — THREE MONTHS. 30 May 21 62 May 21 62 Lieut. Col.; major, June 6, 61 ; resigned Jan. 6, 63. Major; pro. lieut. col. May 21, 62. 1st lieut. Co. I; resigned Feb. 8, 63. 2d lieut. Co I ; prin. musician June 20, 61 ; res. Jan. 6, 63. THREE YEARS. 26 June 12 64 Sept i 64 Capt. Co. I ; must, out July 13, 65 ; pri- vate Co. K, Aug. 61. 26 Apr 19 64 1st lieut. Co I ; wounded June 23, 64. 26 Dec 14 62 Dec 14 62 2d lieut. Co. F. FIFTH REGIMENT— THREE YEARS. Dec 3 62 Dec 17 62 Surgeon; resigned Mar. i, 63. SIXTH REGIMENT — THREE YEARS. 20 Oct 961 Oct 15 61 2d lieut. Co. G; resigned June 4, 62. SEVENTH REGIMENT — THREE YEARS. 28 Sept 25 62 Oct 9 62 Chaplain ; resigned Oct. 9, 65. Capt. Co. D ; private Co. K, 61 ; must- out, 1st lieut. Co. E, Mar. 14, 66. Capt. Co. E ; ist lieut. Co. K, Feb i, 62 ; must, out Mar. 14, 66. Capt. Co. K ; mustered out Aug. 30, 64. EIGHTH REGIMENT — THREE YEARS. 22 Aug 15 63 Dec 5 63 Capt. Co. C ; serg't. maj., 62 ; July 2, 64, Capt. and A. C. S., U. S. Vols. ELEVENTH REGIMENT, ISt HEAVY ARTILLERY, FROM DEC. lO, 1863, THREE YEARS. Wesley C. Howes, 21 Mar 163 John L. Moseley, 22 Nov 2363 Jan 2 1 64 David P. Barber, 34 Feb 162 Feb 12 62 Geo. N. Carpenter, Silas B. Tucker, Sidney Bliss, 28 July 14 63 Aug 10 61 19 June 4 65 Ransom A. Wells, 21 May 23 65 Darius Thomas, Catlos D. Williams, George Nichols, C. W. Carpenter, Denison S. Burnham, Names. Howe, Charles G. Jacobs, Alfred Jacobs, Alonzo Kinsley, Michael Mllo, John Milo, John, Jr., Moors, Abbott A. Patterson, Lester S. Putnam, Jonas A. Shirley, John Smith, Edward F. Smith, Gilbert O. Capt Co. C ; pro. Capt. Co. C, Dec 2, 64. ist lieut. Co. K ; private Aug. 5, 62 ; must, out June 24, 65. 2d lieut; Co. M ; private Co. I, July 15, 62 ; must, out June 24, 63 ; ist serg't. Co. I. TWELFTH REGIMENT — NINE MONTHS. 35 Sept II 62 Oct 4 62 Capt. Co. F; mustered out July 14 63. 19 Mar 10 63 Mar 10 63 ist lieut. Co. F ; private Co. F, Aug. 19, 62 ; must, out July 14, 63. THIRTEENTH REGIMENT — NINE MONTHS. 35 Sept 24 62 Oct 10 62 Surgeon ; must, out July 21, 63. FIFTEENTH REGIMENT — NINE MONTHS. 36 Sept II 62 Oct 22 62 Capt. Co. C ; resigned Jan. 15. 63. 32 Nov 18 62 Nov 18 62 1st lieut.; trans, to Co. C, Jan. 9. 63. Age. Enlisted. Reg. Co. Remarks. 31 Aug 25 64 3 Bat Must, out June 15, 65. Died at Danville, Va., Sept. 20, 64. Mustered out June 20, 65. [24, 65. Pro. Corp. Oct. 25, 64 ; trans, to Co. A, June Trans, to Co. A, June 24. 65. do Wagoner ; reduced ; must, out June 15, 65. Died Dec. 25. 63. Transferred to Co. A, June 24, 65. Mustered out June 15, 65. Died at Danville. Va., Oct. 8, 64. Died Feb. 1,64. 45 Nov 1463 II I 33 Dec 26s II I 18 Dec S63 II I 45 Nov 1963 II K 18 Nov 14 63 II K 36 Oct 2463 3 Bat 18 Dec 4 63 II I 40 Dec 26:; II 1 36 Aug 16 64 3 Bat 18 Dec 4 63 II H 32 Dec 563 II I 700 \K 4 Sept 21 03 ; Hat \Vhitt;ika-. Ira T. ■»s Dec 2 6] 11 1 Woodbury, Albert W K^ Sept u) 0'', ^, Ivit Woodworth, Albert 4^; Dec 2 6} ii I Woodworth. Charles iJi Dec 1 65 II 1 VOIUNTKKKS 1 F.iK-h, lleurv C 7 I McKay, Luther W. jj Sept ', 04 - K S.inford, John A. 10 lio - K Reni.Hrks. Deserted ]u\\ 26, 64 ; returned May 10, 65, under President's proclamation ; dishonor- ably discharged May 23, Ot;. Mustered out June 15, 0^. Transterred to Co. A., June 24, 65 Mustered out June it;, (iq. Died (.)ct. 2S, 64, of wounds rec'il. in action. Died Aug. 2S, O4. UK O.NK VKAR. Mustered out Aug. i, 65. Mustercil out July iS, 65. VOI.UN rKK.RS KK-KN1.1SI'K.1>. Barrett, Marcellus M. 18 Feb 2502 4 K Bruso, John B. Chickering, Charles l\ Coburn. John Connor, Thomas Coburn, James M. Cronan, Thomas Deval, Peter Donpier, Isaiah Donpier, Theophilus Dulow, Peter Emerson, Jonathan t>. Glazier, Frank Gourlev. Ceorge Harrison, Hugh Hodi;don, Wilbur Hurley, John H. Knapp, Mason Libby, Charles Locklin, Erastus M. Marsell, Frank ^^a.\t^eld, Geo. C. Ma.\ham, Dscar McGillivrv. Allen jS Dec 2 ', t>2 7 K 2 1 fan .^ 62 7 K iS Feb 14 62 - K -7 Tan 2 t)2 - K iS Mar 24 62 4 K kS Sept 3 (^1 4 K iS Dec .2 61 K 22 Dec 2361 - K 24 Nov 20 61 7 K 33 hxn 4 62 - K 2S Dec 14 (1 1 7 K 10 Sept 6 6\ 4 K 19 Dec 761 K ;o Mar 362 7 G 18 Feb 1262 - K 25 Nov 2361 / K 40 Dec 761 K 18 Jan 062 7 K 20 Feb 14 02 - K 18 Jan 25 62 - K 18 Feb 1762 4 K 2^ Nov 2761 s V. =5. 65- ^S. 65. Feb Filer ; re-en. Mar. 28, 04 ; trans, to Co. D, Feb. 25, 05. Ko-en. l-eb. 1 5, 64. do Pro. Corp.; re-enlisted Feb. it;, 64. Re-enlisted Feb. 15, tx^. Re-en. Mar. 28, t>4'; tr. to Co. D, Feb. Re-en. Dec. 15, 63; tr. to Co. D, Feb. Re-en. Feb. 1 5, 64. Wagoner ; re-enlisted Feb. 16, 04. Re-en. Feb. 20, 64. Pro. Corp.; re-en. Feb. 20. 64. Corp.; pro. serg't.; re-en. Feb. 14, 64. Re-en. Dec. 15, 63 ; tr. to Co. D, Feb. 21;, 65. Re-enlisted Feb. 15, 64. Re-en. Feb. id, 64 ; des. Sept. 27, 04. Pro. Corp.; re-en. F'eb. it;, 64. Serg't.; re-enlisted Feb. 15, 64. Re-enlisted F'eb. i?, 64. Pro. Corp.; re-en. Feb, 15, O4 ; mustered out M;»y 18, 65. Re-en. Feb. 15, 64 ; dis. June 23,64. Re-en. Feb. 15, 64; pro. corp. Nlav U), 65. Re-en. Mar. 28. 64 ; tr. to Co. D, Feb. 25, 05. Wagoner ; re-en. Jan. 5, 64 ; ilietl at Salis- bury, N. C, on or about Jan. 25, 65. Re-en. Feb. 17, 64; pro. corp. Mar. 31, 65: must, out May 18, 65. Re-en. Dec. 1 5, 6:, ; discharged Feb. 6, 65. Serg't.; re-en. Feb. 15, 64 ; des. Sept 27, 64. Pro. serg't.; re-en. Jan. 23,64 ; tr. to V. R. C. Apr. 26, 65 ; must, out July 20, 65. Re-en. Feb. 15, 64 ; dis. May 31, 65. Re-en. Dec. 15, 63 ; died July 21, 64. Re. en. Dec. 15, 6^ ; tr. to Co. D, Feb. 25, 65. Re-en. Feb. 15, 04 ; des. Sept. 27, 64. Re-en. Feb. 20, 64 ; pro. torp. Feb. 28, 6s. Pro. cor]\; rc-cn. Dec. it;, 63, and diecl of wounds received in action June, 64. [18,65. Pro. Corp.; recn. Feb. 16, 64 ; must, out May Pro. serg't. June 20, 62 ; re-cn. Dec 1 5, 63 ; killed near Cold Harbor, June r, 64. Re-en. PVb. 13, 04 ; pro. Corp.; May 10, 65. Re-en. Dec. i s, Oj, ; promoted ior|ioral. N.WAi. Crfpit.— Walter L. Murphy and Frederick C. Williams. Veteran Reserve Corps.— .-\brahani Ford ; miscellaneous, not credited by name, 5 men. VOLUNTEERS FOR NINE MON rUS. Aldrich, Charles W. Alexander, Lewis L. .-\msden, ^L^rceIlus R. .■\rchibald, Henry Barton, Wallace B. Bates, Geo. D. Benway, Eli W. Merriam, Edwin R. 20 Sept 461 4 K Morris, John H. 21 Nov 25 61 K Morse, Henry .\. 20 May 20 61 - F Newell, William 44 Dec 10 61 7 K Rolph, Augustus 0. •9 Aug 14 61 6 H Rumncv, Charles -4 Aug 28 61 4 K Savia. Frank 20 Feb 5 "- K Smith, James 26 Dec 30 61 - K Smith, Peter -3 Sept "13 61 4 K Waterman, George R. 2; Feb 14 02 - K Wilson, George F. 20 Sept 16 01 (1 G Woodburv, Nathan K. 21 Dec 761 - K Young, Willi;\m P. iS Aug 2761 4 K 18 Aug 2! 62 12 F 21 Aug 23 62 12 F 38 Sept II 62 15 C 35 Aug 23 62 12 F 21 Aug 21 62 12 F 21 Sept II 62 15 C 35 Aug 20 62 12 F Pro. corp. Mar. 10, 63. Discharged Dec. 6, 62. Discharged Jan. 20, 63. NORTH FIELD. 701 Naiiici. Krooks, Josiah I'. Hrown, W. C ]',. Jr. Urown, William 1''. I'liriiliam, I>(.nison .S. I'liriiliain, (jcorge M. 15iiz/(;li, Saiiiiicl IJ C.iDniiig, William Car|)cntcr, C. N. Car))entcr, Darwin K. Cliurcliill, Henry P. Clark, A/ro Cohurii, Washington Copci'ind, Joiin W. Culver, Klislia VV. I)avcn]jort, Kobcrt Denny, Ceorge I'. I!. Denny, Homer Dodge, Horace 15. Kastnian, K. T. P^inerson, Samuel O. Feleli, Wallace p'orrl, Jacob W. Ford, Wm. J. Hassam, Nelson Hayford, lulward I'. Hoiden, Lyman Howe, Lyman N. Howes, Iviwarfl 11. Jacobs, Alfred King, Samuel 1>. Kinsley, Michael Knowles, I'Vanklin Latham, Alinon Latham, Kli L. Leahey, James Lewis, John G. Lil>bey, Lotan Lloyfl, I^vcn K. Miller, Fred M. Miner, I'Vancis C Moulton, Andrew J. Rollins/)!!, Matthew Sheldon, Martin Smith, fiilbert O. Smith, Jehial C •Smith, Vernon W. .Sjjaulding, Alfred F. Steele, Fred W. Stevenson, Alexander Stevenson, Wm. Stock well, Llihu T. Stone, William Taggard, John G. Tennev, Rollin Q. 'J'homas, Darius Wainwright, R. lulsoi Webb, Alfred W. Webster, Cornelius Webster, Frederick Whittakcr, Ira Ane. EiillHl4.'- .).5 '•" 30 do 18 Aug 25 62 24 Aug 21 62 36 .Sept 22 62 36 Aug 21 (,2 41 do i.S Aug 22 62 44 Aug 2362 20 Aug 21 62 36 do 26 do 41 do 18 do 20 Aug 22 62 23 Aug 20 62 45 Aug 21 62 27 Aug 22 62 19 Aug 21 62 29 Sej)! 1 1 62 25 Aug 20 62 26 do 30 Sept 1 1 62 31 Aug 20 62 24 Aug 22 62 20 do 26 Sept 1 1 62 24 Aug 22 62 18 Se])t 1 1 62 20 do 19 Aug 20 62 3.3 •''<=Pt ' I ^>^ 39 Aug 20 62 F F C C C F F C C 5 C 5 C 2 F 2 F 5 C 5 C 2 J<' 2 F 5 (• 5 C 5 C 2 1- 2 F 5 C 2 F 2 F 5 ^^ 2 F 2 F 2 F 5 <-■ 5 C 5 C 5 C 2 F 2 F 2 F 2 F 2 F 5 C 2 F 5 C 5 C 2 F 2 F 2 F 5 C 2 F 5 C 5 C 2 F Ht'iiiarks. Wagoner. I'ro. 1st serg't. Mar. 10. 63. I'ro. 2d lieut. Co. H, Nov. 18, 62 I'ro. 1st sergeant. Corjjoral. Corporal. Musician. Discharged Aug. 11,63. Discharged Feb. 9, 63. Musician ; discharged P'eb. 9, 63. Discharged Feb. 18, 63. 29 Aug 22 62 18 Oct I 62 13 18 Aug 19 62 21 .Sept 2 62 45 .Sept 1 1 62 VOI.UNTKEKS FOR THREE YEARS CREI) VOI.U.NTEERS OI- 21 .Sept 19 6r Cav C 36 Dec 14 61 7 K 25 Sept 2 6i 4 K 21 Aug 14 61 6 H 19 June 20 62 9 I 21 June 12 62 9 I 22 Aug 27 61 4 K Musician ; dischargefl Mar. 29, 63. Discharged Nov. 13, 62. Corporal. Corporal. Corporal. Discharged Feb. 4, 63. Died Oct. 14, 62. Commissary Sergeant. Captain, Sejjt. r i, 62. Aldrich, Harlan V. Allard, Prosper Allen, Harrison Amerdf)n, Newman Averill, Charles, Averill, P'ranklin Hadger, Kneeland Died May 29, 63. ITED TREVIOU-S TO CALL OK 300,000 : • OCT. 17, 1863. Corporal. Discharged Feb. 25, 63. Died Dec. 19, 1861. Missing in Action, F\-b. 2, 64. Pro. .sergeant ; re-en. Dec. 15, 63. 702 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Balch, Henry Balch, William D. Bates, Geo. C. Battist, John Bennett, Chauncey Benton, Harvey Blake, Asahel, Jr. Bliss, Sidney Blodgett, Lorenzo W. Blodgett, Blaney S. Blodgett, Orrin'O. Blodgett, Stephen B. Blood, Charles W. Bradford, Philander D. Brigham, Daniel A. Bruso, John B. Burnes, John S. Buzzell, Ezekiel I. Canning, Charles C. Carnell, Frank Carpenter, Geo. Cass, Lewis O. Clark, Israel B. Clark, John Clark, Stephen A. Coburn, James M. Coburn, John Coburn, Ramsford Cochran, \Vm. O. Cram, Geo. Cram, Horatio N. Cronan, Thomas Davenport, C. W. Davenport, Edwin Davenport, Wm. W. Densmore, Albert E. Densmore, Edwin R. Deval, John Deval, Peter Donpier, Theophilus Dow, Augustus Duval, Carlos Emerson, Geo. H. Emerson, Jonathan C. Fisher, Charles G. Fisk, Gilbert E. Fisk, Van Loran Fisk, Wm. P. Fitzgerald, John Fowler, Lucius L. Gittey, Andrew Glazier, Franklin Gregory, Joseph Gourley, George Hall, Randall L. Howes, Eugene Hayden, Albey Heath, Nathan C. Hodgdon, Wilbur Houston, Oscar A. Howard, Alvin A. Howe, David L. Howe, Wm. I. Howes, Seymour Howes, Wesley C. Hunt, Washington Hurley, John H. Jones, Merrill C. Joyce, Charles H. Afje. Enlisted. Reg, Co. iS Sept 2261 6 G 43 Feb I 62 7 K 23 Mar I 62 8 B 35 July 21 62 II I 35 ^ept 16 6r CavC 45 Jan 15 62 7 K 44 Aug 862 II I 19 Aug 562 ri I 44 Aug 14 61 6 H 4 K 20 Sept 261 4 K 18 Sept 561 4 K 21 Feb 362 7 K 18 June I 61 U 28 Dec 2361 7 K 41 Dec 20 62 7 K 21 Aug 14 61 6 H 32 May 761 2 D 18 Aug 2661 4 K 8 B 23 Sept 761 4 K 27 Aug 962 II H 22 Aug I 62 II H 21 Sept 15 61 CavF i8 Mar 2462 4 K 18 Feb 14 62 7 K 27 July 1662 II I 27 Feb 14 62 7 K 24 Feb 4 62 8 G 18 June 1262 9 I 18 Sept 361 4 K 32 Aug 14 61 6 H 35 Aug 262 II I II I 20 Dec 361 7 K 26 July .562 II I 44 Jan 20 62 7 K 18 Dec 261 do 24 Nov 29 61 do 39 Sept 661 4 K 23 Sept 18 61 CavC 21 Sept 761 4 K 28 Dec 14 61 7 K 26 Aug 2661 4 K 18 Sept 18 61 Cav C 23 Sept 761 4 K 18 Aug 962 do 43 Jan 2562 7 K 21 Dec 10 61 7 K 30 July 2362 II I 19 Sept 661 4 K 29 Aug 29 61 do 19 Dec 761 7 K 23 Oct 76. CavC 18 Aug 29 61 4 B 25 June I 61 3 F 23 Dec 3061 7 K 18 Feb 1262 do 31 Dec 2661 do 20 Nov 2761 do 44 July 3062 II I iS Aug 29 61 4 K 25 Aug I 62 II H 21 Dec 661 7 K 25' Sept 18 61 CavC 25 Nov 23 6t 7 K 20 Nov 2761 do Remarks. Discharged June 30, 62. Died Oct. 12, 62. Recruit; discharged Sept. 19, 63. Serg't. ; reduced to ranks ; dis. Jan. 16, 64. Discharged Oct. 15, 62. Trans, to invalid corps, March 15, 64. Pro. corp. Dec. 26, 63. Died March 5, 62. Discharged Dec. 19, 62. Surgeon. Discharged Dec. 9, 62. Re-enlisted Feb. 15, 64. Discharged Oct. 24, 62. Discharged Jan. 16, 63. Serg't.; pro. ist lieut. Co. I, Jan 28, 62 Pro. Serg't. Feb. 21, 64 ; dis. May 5, 64. Sick in general hospital, Aug. 31, 64. Serg't.; pro. 2d lieut. Co. F, Oct. 4, 62. Recruit ; re-enlisted Mar. 28, 64. Recruit; pro. corp.; re-enlisted Feb. 15. 64. Recruit; re-enlisted Feb. 15, 64. Transferred to invalid corps. Promoted corporal. Re-enlisted Dec. 15, 63. Discharged Dec. 31, 62. Discharged Feb. 25, 63. Discharged Oct. 15, 62. Re-enlisted Feb. 15, 64. Re-enlisted Feb. 20, 64. Musican ; pro. principal musician Mar. i, 62. Discharged Apr. 12, 62. Discharged Feb. 13, 63. Corporal ; pro. serg't.; re-enlisted Feb. 15, 64. Pro. 2d lieut. Co. F, Dec. 14,62. Missing in action, July 3, 63. Died Dec. 28, 63. Prisoner of war since June 23, 64. Died Sept. i, 62. Died Oct. 6, 62. Re-enlisted Dec. 15, 63; pris. June 23, 64. Re-enlisted Feb. 15, 64. Trans, to Veteran Reserve Corps, Mar. 4, 64. Discharged Oct. 19, 62. Wagoner ; must, out July 27, 64. Died Aug. 13, 62. Pro. Corp.; re-enlisted Feb. 15, 64. Died Oct. 13, 62. Discharged Aug. 17, 63. Corporal ; pro.Q. M. S. Dec. 26, 63 ; sick in general hospital, Aug. 31, 64. Discharged Dec. 7, 62. [Aug. 31, 64. Pro. corp. Aug. 7, 64 ; sick in general hospital Serg't.; pro. 2d lieut. Co. E, Mar. i, 63. Died June 26, 62. Re-enlisted Feb. 15, 64. Promoted Q. M. S. March i, 63. 2d lieutenant colonel. NORTHFIELD. 703 Joyce, Wm. C. King, Lorenzo H. Labaree, Henry D. Larrabee, Henry D. Lewis, Edwin C. Libby, Charles Locklin, Erastus M. Locklin, Myron A. Marsh, Frederick N. Marsh, Owen Maxham, Orrin Maxham, Oscar May, Thomas L. McCarty, Henry McCarty, James McGillvary, Allen McKay, Luther W. McMullen, Robert Morris, John H. Morse, Henry A. Mosley, John L. Murphy, Wm. P. Murphy, William Newell, William Norton, John O'Connell, James Parker, Brainard M. Parker, Solon Persons, Leonard Ralph, Alonzo D. Ralph, Augustus O. Regner, Joseph D. Regner, Nelson L. Robinson, Archibald Rock, Joseph Rolston, Charles S. Rumney, Charles Rumney, George IL Russell, Sylvanus M. Sanborn, David L. Sanborn, Ira Silver, John Q. Smith, Adin D. Smith, Alexander Smith, Gilbert O. Smith, James Sprout, Eli Sprout, Geo. W. Stevens, Oliver B. Stockwell, Jackson Stone, James P. Sturtevant, Charles O. Sturtevant, Wm. H. Sullivan, John Taggard, Alonzo W. Thresher, Horace W. Townsend, Joseph W. Tucker, Silas B. Wakefield, Leroy Wakefield, Luther Waterman, Geo. R. Waterman, Geo. S. Welch, John Wells, Joseph Wells, Ransom A. Wheeler, Wm. B. Willey, Geo. N. Williams, Amplius •I Sept 15 61 Age. Enlisted. Keg. Co. CavF do 4 K II I 6 G 43 July 16 62 22 Dec 17 63 18 Jan 9 62 26 Feb 14 62 34 July 16 62 18 Sept 21 Oct 30 61 7 61 ^1 V^Cl / Ul 23 Nov 27 61 19 Sept 12 61 ■>/) Ancr 9-7 f}'? 24 Aug 27 62 39 Feb 3 62 33 Feb I 6: 19 Sept - '^- 561 iy ocjJL ^ ui 24 Aug 26 61 21 Nov 25 61 20 May 20 61 Feb I 62 19 Aug 28 61 42 Dec 7 61 44 Dec 10 61 44 Aug 14 61 22 Nov 23 61 23 Sept 23 61 18 Dec 31 61 42 July 23 62 22 Sept 2 61 19 Aug 14 61 25 Aug 662 30 Sept 16 61 21 Dec 10 61 18 Oct 7 61 22 Sept 7 61 24 Aug 28 61 21 July 26 62 18 Aug 13 62 32 Sept 21 61 28 Aug 14 61 33 Aug I 62 36 Sept 7 61 37 Aug 662 18 Sept 18 61 26 Dec 30 61 18 Aug 24 61 44 June 4 62 32 Aug I 62 25 Oct 32 Jan 42 Dec 29 Nov 21 July 37 Dec 761 262 28 61 29 61 30 62 13 61 21 Aug 26 61 35 Sept 16 61 27 Feb 14 62 27 Jan 19 62 42 May 31 62 21 July 15 62 22 Sept 19 61 24 Jan 8 62 32 Oct 7 61 7 K do II I 7 K 6 B 8 E do Cav C II H 7 K do 4 K do 7 K 2 F do 6 H 7 K Cav C 8 G II I 4 E 6 H II I Cav C 7 K 6 G 4 K do II I do Cav C 6 H u H 4 K II I Cav C 7 K 4 B 9 I II H do Cav C 7 K 7 K do II I 7 K II I 4 K Cav C 7 K Cav C 7 K 7 K 6 F Reiuaiks. Serg't.; reduced to ranks ; re-en. Dec. 30, 63. [Aug. 31, 64. Pro. Corp. Dec. 26, 63 ; sick in gen. hospital, Dis. for pro. in colored regiment, Aug. 3, 64 ; recruit. Promoted corporal ; re-enlisted Feb. 15, 64. Re-en. Feb. 15, 64; dis. June 23, 64 ; recruit. Serg't.; red.; sick in gen. hospital, Aug. 31,64. Died Dec. 29, 61. Died Feb. 63 ; corporal. Wagoner ; re-enlisted Jan. 5, 64. Re-en. Feb. 24, 64 ; pro. corp. March i, 64. Discharged. Re-enlisted Feb. 17, 64. Discharged Sept. i, 63. Deserted Sept. 10, 63. Sergeant ; re-enlisted Feb. 15, 64. Pro. sergeant ; re-en. Jan. 23, 64. Pro. capt. Co. E, Nov. 23, 63. Corp ; reduced to rank ; pris. June 23, 64. Died Dec. 3, 62. Re-enlisted Feb. 15, 64. Trans, to invalid corps. Corporal ; discharged Feb. 25, 63. Corporal ; promoted sergeant major. Killed in action June 14, 63. Musician ; discharged Mar. 30, 63. Died Nov. 29, 61. Re-en. Dec. 15, 63. Musician Discharged Jan. 2, 64. Discharged Feb. 25, 63. Trans, to invalid corps, Sept. 1,63. Died June 6, 62. Re-en. Dec. 15, 63 ; pris. of war June 23, 64. Tians. to invalid corps, Mar. 15, 64. Pro. Corp. Nov. 14, 62 ; died Aug. 21, 64. Sick in general hospital, June 30, 64. Discharged Sept. 21, 62. [May 5, 64. Re-enlisted Feb. 10, 64 ; killed at Wilderness, Sick in general hospital, Aug. 31, 64. Trans, to V. R. C. Mar. 29, 64. Re-enlisted Feb. 15, 64. Wagoner ; discharged Aug. 4, 63. Musician Oct. i, 62. 2d drum major. Discharged April i, 62. Died May 11, 63. Died Sept. 4, 62. Discharged Feb. 25, 63 ; corporal. Discharged Feb. 25, 63 ; corporal. Died Feb. 8, 62. Trans, invalid corps, Feb. 15, 64. Pro. corporal ; re-en. Feb. 15, 64. Died Oct. 7, 62. Cor. prom, serg't. Dec. 26, 63. Wagoner ; discharged Oct. 31, 62. Died Mar. 20, 62. Discharged Jan. 26, 63. 704 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Names. Williams, Franklin Wilson, George F. Wilson, Milo Woodward, Samuel P. Woodbury, Charles E. Woodbury, George Woodbury, Nathan K Wright, Joseph N. York, Alonzo Young, Geo. S. CREDITS UNDER. CALL Amsden, Marcellus R. Avery, Lorenzo B. Barton, John, Jr. Barton, William Bates, Orrin Benway, Eli W. Brigham, Don A. Burnes, John S. Buzzell, Samuel D. Coburn, Washington Dickinson, Zerah H. Dole, Heman Dutton, John Duvall, John Gardner, Charles Hill, Playstone J. Afto)it and CJi. Messenger from 1853, published by W. Woodworth ; R. M. Manly published the Vt. Ch. Messenger. Oilman gives The Hatchet, Jan. 1874; The Thunderbolt, Apr. 1875; The North Star, I copy, Apr. 1878 ; The Amateur Herald, May, '78, 2 Nos. Rev. Guy C." Sampson, temperance, anti-slavery lec- turer and editor, who lived here some years, we reserve notice of for Woodstock. PLAINFIELD. 713 PLAINFIELD. BY DUDLEY B. SMITH, M. D. Plainfield is a small township, which contained, before the annexation of Goshen Gore, about 9,600 acres. Its surface was uneven, but no more so than the average of Eastern Vermont. It contained but little waste land, and was upon the whole a productive tpwnship. Goshen Gore, by Plainfield, was about 3^ miles long by i^ wide, lying east of Plainfield, and containing 3,000 acres. But very little of it is suitable for tillage. At one time it contained several families, but now has none. It formed a part of the town of Goshen until 1854. It was annexed to Plainfield in 1874. It was embraced in the Yorkist town of Truro, and its highest mountain, which is called from that circumstance Mt. Truro, was measured by the writer, and found to be 2,229 f^^^ above Plainfield station, or about 2,984 feet above the sea. Winooski river tiows about li mile through the north-western corner of the town. Soon after it passes the line into Plainfield, it runs through and over a ledge of rocks, making an excellent mill priv- ilege, around which has grown up the vil- lage of Plainfield. By the canal survey of 1826, this stream at the west line of Plainfield was 152 feet above Montpelier, 546 above Lake Cham- plain, and 636 feet above the ocean. By the railroad survey, the station at Plain- field is 264 feet above the meadow near the mill-pond at Montpelier, or about 755 feet above the ocean. The Great Brook rises in the eastern part of the town, and in Harris Gore, passes into Orange and returns, flowing northerly through the town, and enters the Winooski in Plainfield village. Gun- ner's Brook is a small stream, that rises in the southern part of the town, and empties into Stevens' Branch in Barre village. In the southern part of the town on the. banks of the Great Brook, is a medicinal spring, which is very efiicacious in the cure of cutaneous and other diseases. Its vir- tues are largely owing to the presence of sulphuretted hydrogen gas. The town of Truro, which was chartered by New York, contained 22,000 acres. Its form resembled a carpenter's square, each limb being a little over 3 miles wide, and on its outer or longest side, nearly 6 miles long. The northern part of what is now Barre formed the southern limb. The eastern part of Plainfield, with a corner of Orange, the eastern or northern limb. The western part of Plainfield, with Montpelier and East Montpelier, was embraced in the town of Kingsboro, and contained 30,000 acres, and was chartered to John Morin Scott. In 1773, Samuel Gale commenced the survey of one or both of these townships, and this was the first party of white men known to have passed through Plainfield. [For a biography of Gale see Hall's His- tory of Eastern Vermont, p. 643.] In Ira Allen's History of Vermont he says : " In the summer of 1773, Ira Allen, learning that the land jobbers of New York were engaged in surveying near the head of Onion River, started with a party from Colchester in pursuit of them. He passed through Middlesex, Kingsboro and More- town to Haverhill, when learning of the whereabouts of the surveyor, he returned and found his lines, which ^'^ followed to near the north-east cqrner of Montpelier, where he found the surveyor had just de- camped, having been warned, he supposed, by a hunter Allen had met. According to Allen's field book the surveyor's camp was on a meadow near the north-east corner of the old town of Montpelier. Kingsboro was the Yorkist name for Washington. Moretown, or Moortown, is now Bradford, and not the present town of that name. Allen then passed through Barre and Washington to Bradford, and returning with a knowledge of where the surveyor was to be found, passed through Plainfield on his return. As the line between Truro and Kingsboro passed nearly through the center of Plainfield, a large part of Gale's surveys must have been in this town. John Morin Scott, the grantee of Kings- boro, was a member of the New York 90 X 714 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Legislature in the Revolution, and on ac- count of his ownership of this town, was made a member of the New York council of safety, to represent this section of Ver- mont. He received $49.91 of the $30,000 which was paid by Vermont to New York to indemnify the New York claimants. In Aug. 1788, James Whitelaw, of Rye- gate, James Savage, of New York, and William Coit, of Burlington, caused the tract of land lying between Barre and Marshfield, Montpelier and Goshen Gore, to be measured and the bounds marked, and at that time or before, it received the name of St. Andrew's Gore. They also measured a gore near Cam- bridge, of 10,000 acres, one near Calders- burg, now Morgan, of 1,500 acres, some islands in Lake Champlain, containing 1,500 acres, also islands in Otter Creek, containing 30 acres, making 23,030 acres, or about the usual size of a township, St. Andrew's Gore being reckoned at 10,000 acres. These tracts were never incorpo- rated into a town; like Goshen, which was composed of widely separated por- tions. The different parts of Whitelaw's grant, as it was called, had no connection with each other. The charter of these lands was granted Oct. 23, 1788. In 1788, '90 and '92, Whitelaw, Savage and Coit deeded their claims to Ira Allen, of Colchester, brother of Ethan, and to Gamaliel Painter, of Middlebury, the chief founder of Middle- bury College. Allen and Painter gave a verbal agency to Col. Jacob Davis, of Montpelier, who, upon this authority, in May, 1793, began giving warrantee deeds of these lands in his own name. The following letter i'; recorded in the Plain- field land records : MiDDLEHURY, Apr. 5, I795. S/r: — On my return from your home, I called on General Allen. He seems to think that it would be altogether guess- work to divide the land without seeing of it, but agreed that I might sell adjoining to the land sold sufificient to make up my part reckoning of it in quantity and qual- ity. And I wish you to sell to any person that wants to purchase and make good pay. You know my want in regard to pay better than I can write, and for your trouble in ■the matter, I will make you satisfaction. I am, sir. Your most obedient, Humble servant, Gama. Painter. This letter proves that Allen and Painter then recognized Davis as their agent to sell and to convey ; for no deeds had then been given by Allen or Painter to any one, under their own signature and seal. One of the old settlers claimed tliat once when Ira Allen was in Plainfield, he asked him to give him a deed of a lot that he had bargained for of Davis, and that Allen said, " Let Davis give the deed, he has the rest." At last differences arose between Davis and Allen, and in 1799, Davis ceased to act as their agent, and sued Allen before the county court at Danville, and in 1804, recovered $2,500 on this suit, and a part of the town was set off to him on this ex- ecution, and Davis from Burlington jail- yard conveyed it over again to those to whom lie had previously given deeds. About the same time the University of Vermont recovered $15,000 of Ira Allen, and the remainder of the town was set off to them. To strengthen their title, Davis and the settlers twice allowed nearly all of the town to be sold for taxes, once on a State tax, and once on a U. S. tax, each man bidding off his own farm. In 1802, Ira Allen quit-claimed his rights in this town to Heman Allen, of Col- chester. This was some 2 years before the lands were set off to Davis snd the Univensity on executions against Ira Allen. Davis and the settlers held their own against Heman Allen until Aug. 31, 1807, when Allen purchased the claim of the University, and five days after, deeded the whole to James Savage, of Plattsburg, N. Y. Three days after this. Savage gave Allen a power of attorney to dispose of these lands. This gave Allen, in the name of Savage, an opportunity to com- mence suits of ejectment against the set- tlers before the U. S. Courts at Windsor and Rutland. For, by the constitution, citizens of one state may sue citizens of another in the U. S. Courts. Probably PLAINFIELD. 715 the transfer to Savage of this claim was a sham, to enable Allen to bring his suits where the covirt, and especially the jury, would not have so much sympathy for the settlers as they would in the county where they resided. This trick, if trick it was, decided the contest. In 1808, Allen, in the name of Sa\age, got a decision of the circuit court in his favor. By a law of 1785, a person making improvements on lands to which he supposed he had good title, had a claim for his betterments, and for one-half of the rise in value of the property while in his possession, that there would have been had there been no im- provements. The settlers, therefore, did not have to pay very much more for their lands the second than the first time of purchase ; often not more than one-fourth of its value at that time. The price paid to Davis for land from 1793 to 1799 av- eraged about $1.25 per acre. The price paid to Allen in 1808, for the second pur- chase, averaged a little less than $3 per acre. Davis died within the limits of Burling- ton jail-yard in 18 14, having been sent there for debt about the year 1802. As this was several years before the Plainfield suits were decided, it could not have been on account of them that he was sent there. It is the opinion of Hon. C. H. Heath and others who have investigated the matter, that as the laws are now adminis- tered, the settlers would have saved their lands by a suit in chancery ; but at that time very little was done in this court, the powers of which have now grown to be so extensive. It is a singular coincidence, perhaps an example of retributive justice, that in the same year that Jacob Davis died in the jail-yard at Burlington, Ira Allen died in poverty at Philadelphia, where he had gone to escape being imprisoned for debt in the .same jail. In the autumn of 1791, Seth Freeman, of Weldon, N. H., and Isaac Washburn, of the adjoining town of Croydon, came into town by the way of the East Hill in Montpelier. When they came to what is now the Four Corners near L. Cheney Batchelder's house, Washburn decided that there should be his pitch. They camped for the night by the side of a hem- lock log in the hollow between the south district school-house and Lewis Durfee's. Freeman chose this location. The next year they returned and made these pitches. When a man made a clearing before the land was surveyed, it was usual when the lines were run to survey him out a farm that would include all of his clearing with- out regard to the regular lot lines, and such a piece of land was called a " pitch." Before the town was surveyed by Jacob Davis in the spring of 1793, there were five such pitches made. They were Hezekiah Davis' pitch, 304 rods long, 31 wide, whicli adjoined his farm in Montpelier, Joseph Batchelder's pitch of 650 aqres, mostly lying in the S. W. corner of the town, Theodore Perkins' pitch of 100 acres, Isaac W'ashburn's pitch, 320 acres, Seth Freeman's pitch, 300 acres. There was also a gore between Free- man's pitch and the 5th range of lots, 34 to 40 rods wide. They all lay in the S. W. corner of the town. The clearings of 1792 were made by men living in shan- ties, who abandoned the town in the fall. In 1793 they returned, and perhaps some of them brought their families ; but they all removed in the fall excepting the fam- ily of Theodore Perkins, and Alden Free- man, a widower, who boarded with them. Theodore Perkins and his wife, Martha Conant, were from Bridgewater, Mass. They removed to Pomfret, Vt., and from there to Plainfield, Mar. 10, 1793, on to a clearing said to have been begun by Ben- jamin Nash. The town being surveyed soon after, this clearing received the name of Perkins' pitch. July 8, Perkins built a log-barn ; but his house seems to have been built before he moved into town. In Dec. 1793, Alfred Perkins was born — the first birth in town. The last that was known of him he was living in the State of New York. In the spring of 1794, Isaac Washburn's family moved into town, bringing with them Polly Reed, who afterwards married Benjamin Niles, and was grandmother to 7i6 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. the present Geo. Niles She went over to Perkins' house, and was the first woman Mrs. Perkins had seen for several months. Whatever scandalous stories may have been told by or of the fair sex of Plain- field since that time, that winter it was certainly free from gossiping and tattling. Nov. 1794, Perkins sold his claim to Joshua Lawrence, who procured a deed of it from Jacob Davis. Perkins removed to Montpelier, and in 1798 went to Kentucky to look after a tract of several thousand acres of land that had fallen to him. He wrote home that his title was good, and that he was coming after his family. Noth- ing more was ever heard from him. His friends think he was murdered. His widow removed to Lyme, N. H., in 1800. Theodore Perkins left four sons and one daughter: Thomas, who died at Lyme, N. H., in 1871 ; Martin P., who lived at Shipton, Canada; Elinas P., lived in Scituate, Mass. — one of his sons, Thorhas Henry, is a broker in Boston. The wife of Rev. A. S. Swift, formerly in charge of the Congregational church in Plainfield, was Theodore Perkins' grandaughter. The Perkins house was on the flat, east of the Joshua Lawrence house, and south of the present road. Seth Freeman made a pitch of 300 acres, and purchased lot No. i, in the fourth range, which made him a farm of 430 acres. This he divided among his broth- ers, apparently as he thought they needed and deserved. He was one of the two men who purchased their land of Davis, who did not have to buy it again of Allen, having gained it by possession, and was for a time called rich, but became poor and moved away before his death. He was not the oldest of the family, but like Abraham was the head of it. Unlike that patriarch, however, he cannot be the founder of a nation, for he left no children. His father, Ebenezer, lived with him. Alden Freeman was the oldest of the family. He married for his second wife, Precilla, daughter of Isaac Washburn, which was the first marriage in town. He lived at first on the Courtland Perry place, (lot I, range 4,) but removed to the N. W. corner of Freeman's pitch, where he built the Thompson house, now in ruins and owned by Alonzo Batchelder. He had a large family ; Sally, widow of Thompson and of Larabee, of Barre, and Lucy, widow of Lawson, of Barre, and mother of George Lawson, were his daughters. Ebenezer Freeman Jr. lived on the Court- land Perry farm. In his barn was kept one of the first schools in town, — perhaps quite the first. He was the father of the late Mrs. Freeman Landers. Edmund Freeman lived on the S. W. corner of Freeman's pitch, — the farm now owned by his son Edmund. Isaac Freeman built the house now owned by Elias Gladding, in 1806. It is on the N. W. corner of the Freeman lot (No. I, range 4). He taught the first school in town. Mrs. Daniel A. Perry is his daughter. He died in 1813, and his widow married his brother Nathan, who owned the S. E. corner of Freeman's pitch, next to Barre line, and to J. Wesley Batchelder's farm. Isaac Freeman, Mrs. N. W. Keith, and Mrs. Carrol Flood are his children. The Batchelder brothers, Joseph, Moul- ton and Nathaniel, came from Lyndeboro, N. H. Nathaniel lived and died in Barre, and was the grandfather of the late J. Wesley Batchelder, of Piainfield. Lieut. Joseph Batchelder, then 42 years of age, commenced his clearing in the S. W. cor- ner of the town, in 1792, and moved his family permanently on to it in 1794. Nathaniel Clark had commenced a clear- ing in Montpelier, on the farm lately owned by his son George. Neither knew of the neighborhood of the other until Clark one day, hearing the sound of chopping, start- ed toward it, and found Batchelder with a company of stalwart boys, who had already made a large slash. Lieut. Joseph Batchelder had two daugh- ters, of whom Mary or Polly was born in Plainfield, July 26, 1795, and was the first girl and the second child born in town. She married Henry Parker, of Elmore. The other daughter, Nabby or Abigail, married Joseph Glidden, of Barre. PLAINFIELD. 717 The Lieutenant's sons were : Nathaniel, Isaac, Joseph, Jr., Alpheus, William and Josiah. Of these Nathaniel lived for a time on Batchelder's pitch, near the Four Corners, next to Montpelier. He after- wards lived on the spruce flats in East Montpelier, but died at Seneca Falls, N. Y., in 1843. The late Mark Batchel- der and Mrs. Sally McClure were his chil- dren. Alpheus lived near his father. Ambrose Batchelder, now of Barre, is his grandson. Isaac also lived on Batchelder's pitch for a time, and had a son, Josiah, 2d, who was the father of the late Harvey Batch- elder, of Plainfield. William forged a note, intending to take it up before it became due, but failed to do so. He was arrested, and when the offi- cers were taking him to Barre, cut his throat at Joseph Glidden's, and only lived a few days after. I should not have men- tioned this, had not the family been so numerous that the disgrace if divided among them will not be much for each one to carry. Josiah is said to have been the first man in Plainfield who paid taxes on interest money. He got thoroughly rid of that in- cumbrance, however. He was the " Siah " Batchelder who lived and died at Daniel Lampson's. Joseph Batchelder, Jr., lived for a time on that part of Batchelder's pitch after- wards owned by Abram Mann. His chil- dren were : Alice, wife of Stephen, and mother of H. Ouincy Perry ; Joseph Batch- elder, the 3d ; Nancy, wife of Levi Bart- lett ; Fanny, wife of Jonathan Blaisdell, of Albany ; Abigail, wife of Asa Foster, of Marshfield ; Judith, wife of Wm. B. Foss, and Elijah A. Joseph, the 3d, was killed by his horse running away on the Lampson Hill, in 1841. He was living at that time on the Ebenezer Freeman place. His children were : Elvira (Mrs. Arouette Gunnison), Charles T., L. Cheney, Eras- tus B., Adeline (Mrs. K. P. Kidder, of Burlington), Sewell, killed by accident in 1856, near the place where his father was, Alpheus, Harriet (Mrs. Ira Nichols), and Wheeler J. The Lieutenant's brother, Moulton Batch- elder, about the year 1795 settled upon that portion of Batchelder's pitch now owned by the family of Wm. B. Foss. He began work upon it in 1794, his family living in the Wheaton district in Barre, and he, passing to and fro by the guid- ance of marked trees. His children were : Nathaniel, called the Captain ; James, born in Barre, but at his death the oldest resi- dent, but not the oldest person in Plain- field ; Jeremiah, called Jerry, of Barre ; Jonathan M., called Jack, who died on the old farm ; Olena, wife of Sewell Sturte- vant, the veteran schoolmaster of Plain- field and Barre. Capt. Nathaniel had tliree children, now residents of Plainfield: Alonzo J., Elvira (Mrs. Mack), and Bridgman. James had 3 children : James Merrill, Daniel, and Mariam, (Mrs. Boyce, of Waitsfield.) Jonathan's children were : Ira, Harrison, Adeline (Mrs. Levi Martin), Susan (Mrs. Arthur Colburn), Mary (Mrs. Wheeler), and Moulton, now of Lowell, Mass. Isaac Washburn had one daughter, Pre- cilla, and 4 sons: Isaac, Jr., Miles, Asa and Ephraim. Isaac, Jr., lived with his father, and opened the first tavern in town. It stood at the Four Corners, near L. C. Batch- elder's present residence, and was a large, two-story house, never entirely finished. A.sa lived north of his father's, at the top of the hill, on the place now owned by Nathan Skinner. It was the northern part of the Washburn pitch. He married Polly, daughter of Esek Howland. Miles first .settled on lands of his own in 1798, when he bought of Esek Howland the southern part of lot 3, range 2, where he built the first blacksmith shop in town. It stood near the angle of the road that now leads from Willard Harris' to the Barre road. In 1803, he sold this farm and built a house and shop in the village, on the north bank of the Great Brook, near the present tannery. This was the first shop in the village. Gamaliel Wash- burn, of Montpelier, was his son. Miles 7il VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE died at New Bedford in 1823. He was for many years constable of the town. Ephraim built a barn west of his father's, towards East Montpelier. He was en- gaged to be married to a daughter of Esek Howland. To get money to build a house, he went to sea, and the ship was never heard from. It was supposed to have been wrecked, and that all on board perished. The Washburns were not able to pay for their lands twice, perhaps not once, and in 1812, Isaac, Jr., and his father sold their farm and went to Lisle,' N. Y.,and from thence to Indiana, but never again possessed much property. Asa Washburn followed them soon after. Of the four families who commenced the settlement of the town. Perkins soon moved away ; but some member or members of each of the others came to be a public charge. Elijah Perry, of Middleboro, Mass., bought 100 acres of Batchelder's pitch next to lot I, range 3. June, 1823, hi.s daugh- ter, Sally, committed suicide by hanging, the only suicide ever committed in town. He was a brother of Elder James Perry. His son Daniel was the father of John Perry, of Rosette, wife of Charles T. Batchelder, and Harriet, wife of Daniel Batchelder. The five pitches of the town all lie in its south-western corner. The remainder of the town was divided by the survey of 1793 into 9 ranges — the first range lying next to Montpelier. Each range is 160 rods wide excepting the 9th, which is next to Goshen Gore, and is about 90 rods wide. The first four ranges being short- ened by the pitches, contain but 6 lots each, lots No. i in these ranges lying next to the pitches, their south-western lines are irregular. No two lots in town whose number is one, are of the same size. In range 5 they commence to narrow, until in the 9th they come to a point at the corner of the town. All the lots adjoin- ing Marshfiekl are no rods wide. THE ORKJINAL SETTLERS upon each lot in town ; also the present owner of a part of the same, not with the same, bounds then as now, for the farm of Allen Martin was the last one in town, sold before 1800, that preserved its bound- aries unchanged. Lois in Range i. — No. 1 was first owned by Samuel Nye, of Falmouth, who sold the southern portion to Hezekiah Davis. It is now owned by Nathaniel M. Clark, whose wife is a grand-daughter of Davis. Elijah Nye, of Falmouth, Ms,, settled upon No. 2. He sold to John Chapman in 1808 and moved to Calais. His daugh- ter Nabby, born Sept. 28, 1796, was the 3d child born in town. This lot was di- vided into the Thomas Whittrege or Dennis Vincent farm, and the Holmes or Dix farm. Lot No. 3 was purchased by John Chap- man, of Montpelier. When St. Andrew's Gore was incorporated into a town, he gave a set of record books to the town to have the name changed to Plainfield. He was originally from a town of that name. The northern part of this lot he sold to Benjamin Niles, Jr., father of Albert, and grandfather of George Niles. The southern part Chapman sold to Levi Willey, of Deerfield, Mass. This is the lower, or old Ozias Dix farm. About 1811, Willey, after a visit to Montreal, was taken sick with the small pox, of which he died. His attendants buried him near the top of the hill, close to a large stone near Montpelier line ; then killed his dog, and the alarm in time abated. The southern part of No. 4, now owned by Ira Grey, was cleared by Benjamin Whipple. He was town representative, and held other offices in town, and was much respected. He removed to Middle- sex, Vt. John Mellen cleared portions of lots 4, 5 and 6, including the meadow now owned by Prentiss Shepard ; but he lived on the eastern part of these lots, where Willard S. Martin now lives. The late John Mellen was his son. Benjamin Lyon settled in the corner of the town, on portions of lots 5 and 6, which is now called W. S. Martin's Enoch Cate place. Range 2 — lot I was nearly obliterated by Washburn's pitch, and was never by itself PLAINFIELD. 719 a farm. Its form is like a Carpenter's square, each limb being about 30 rods wide and half a mile long. Lot 2, now owned by Mrs. Bridgman Batchelder, was settled by Thomas Vin- cent, of New Bedford, in 1796. He was a prominent business man, was the ist town clerk, 4 years representative, and became the richest man in town. He was a very zealous member of the Methodist church. He died in 1848, aged 79. Lot 3. The southern part was settled by Esek Howland, in 1797, who built a log-house, but was unable to pay for it, and sold the next year to Miles Wash- burn. When Harvey Bancroft was fatally injured, Howland was with him, and car- ried him on his back 100 rods to the house. Mrs. William C. Bartlett is his grand- daughter. The northern part was settled in iSor, by Ebenezer Bennett. He es- tablished the first tannery in town, be- tween the Ezekiel Skinner house and the little rivulet, now often dry, just north of it. Lot 4 clearing was begun by Asa Co- burn, who sold to John and Thomas Vincent, and removed to Cabot, but had to pay Allen for it in 1808. John was a less active business man than his brother, but was much respected, and was 3 years representative. His children were : John, Dennis, Stephen, of Chelsea, and Desire (Mrs. Coolidge Taylor.) Lot 5. The south-western part was first owned by Chester House, then by Benja- min P. Lampson, who built what is now S. B. Gale's farm-house. Charles McCloud settled upon what was recently Allen Martin's farm. His house was in the pasture north of Martin's house. This is the north-western part of lots 5 and 6. Robert Mellen was a brother of the first John Mellen. He owned the eastern part of lot 6 ; also lot 6 in the 3d range, and in fact nearly all of what is now Plainfield village. In Sept. 1805, as he was riding home from North Montpelier, he fell from his horse, near the present residence of Alvin Cate, badly injuring his ankle. As they were carrying him home on a litter made of a straw bed, he said, "You will have to bring me back in a few days," and they did so, burying him in the graveyard there. The Mellens were from the old town of Derry, N. H., and they were one of the Scotch Irish families who came from Londonderry, in Ireland. Robert Mellen's house was where the Methodist parsonage now is, and his log-house was the first house built in the village. Range 3 — lot i was first owned by Lieut. Joseph Batchelder, but was first settled upon by Jonathan White, of Montpelier, who afterwards lived in various parts of the town. It is now owned by Nathan Skinner. Lot 2 was first settled by Cornelius Young, near where Willard Harris now lives. His father, Ebenezer Young, broke into a store at North Montpelier, and was sent to the state prison at Windsor. At the time of the Plattsburg invasion, Cornelius borrowed a famous fleet horse of Willard Shepard, Esq., and passing every- thing on the road, was present at the battle. When the British retreated, he followed after, and seeing three of them leave their horses, he dashed in among them, pistols in hand, and compelled the whole three to surrender to him alone. At least one of them was an officer, and his sword, brought home by Young, is now in the possession of Dudley Perkins. His last days were less glorious. He was appointed a custom house officer, and had various encounters with smugglers, in one of which at Cabot, vitriol was thrown upon him, spoiling his clothes, but not injuring his person. His ignorance of the law caused him to commit some illegal acts in the discharge of his duties, and the resulting lawsuits ruined him pecun- iarily and morally. He removed to the State of New York, and for some felony was sent to Clinton prison. Lot 3. The south part was first pur- chased by JosiAH Freeman, and is now owned by Elijah A. Batchelder. The north part was first leased by James Perry ; now by Daniel Batchelder. Lot 4 was settled by Dea. Nehemiah Mack, whose house was in Ira F. Page's pasture, east of his house now occupied by his son Dan. Page. Russell Young, 720 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. brother of Cornelius, owned 45 acres next to Lampson's. He went to New York, and was drowned in North river when trying to escape from the police. Lot 5. The western part was settled by Joseph Lampson, who was for many years constable of the town. He was a weaver, a large part of the cotton cloth used in town being woven by him. Dan- iel and Benjamin P. were his sons ; Mrs. James Batchelder and Mrs. Jeremiah Batch- elder his daughters. His farm is now owned by Charles Bancroft. Lot 6 is in the village, and was pur- chased of Robert Mellen by Charles McCloud, 2d, and mills erected in 1798, which were burned the same year, and re- built by McCIoud. The first framed house in the village was built by him, where the Methodist church now stands, and is the old house back of it now owned by Wm. Bartlett. The first store was a gmall one, opened by Joseph Kilburn, in 1803 or '4, on the Silas Willis place, near the Great Brook. The building was owned by Elias Kings- ley, the miller, and when sold to Ira Day, of Barre, in 1807, there was a kiln for making earthen ware between that and the brook. The next store was opened by Philip Sparrow about 1804, upon the place where Andrew Wheatley built the large brick store on the north side of the Meth- odist church common. Silas Williams built and opened the first tavern in the village, which is now the southern part of S. B. Gale's house. Shubael Wales, from Randolph, fath- er of George C.Wales, built the first cloth- ing works, below the mills, in 1805 or '6. Am ASA Bancroft, in 1809, built the first trip-hammer, south of the Great Brook and just above the present tannery. He was a son of Lieut. John Bancroft, an of- ficer in the Revolution. There have been three distilleries in the village— one on School street, in Mrs. Chamberlain's garden, one on High street, in Wm. Park's garden, and one east of S. B. Gale's house. The cemetery in the village was at first just S. W. of the railroad station. Among those buried there was Parnel. daughter of Joseph Lampson. She was the betrothed of Geo. Rich, who disliked the place, and gave the land for the present cemetery, and those interred in the old one were re- moved in 1814. Range 4. — lot i, was settled by the Free- mans, as mentioned. Lot 2. Clearing began by John Nye, of Falmouth, but first settled upon by Rich- ard Kendrick. The eastern part is now owned by H. O. Perry; the western by Hartwell Skinner and Enos P. Colby's estate. Lot 3. The southern part was settled by David Kinney, and is now owned by Edward Bartlett. The northern part at a later date was settled by Jonathan White, and is now occujMed by Solomon Bartlett. Lot 4, now owned by Curiis Bartlett, was settled by Willard Shepard, of Sharon, about 1796. The first spring he had a yoke of oxen and was out of hay. He took his oxen and sled, went to the Four Corners near Freeman's, thence to Montpelier, and up Worcester Branch 2 miles, where he got a load of Col. Davis. By the time he got home nearly one-half of it had been shaken and pulled off by the bushes, which so disgusted him with that business that during his long life he never after bought a load of hay. He had a small fiock of sheep which he kept near the house for safety. One night he heard the wolves howling, and in the morning found they had killed every sheep. He took a prominent part in town af- fairs, and did a large part of the business of justice of the peace. He removed to the farm partly in East Montpelier, now owned by his son Prentice, where he died. Lot 5 is divided by the Great Brook. .The eastern portion was settled by Nathan Jones. The lot is now partly owned by N. C. Page and George Huntoon. Lot 6, now owned by Orrin Cree, was cleared by John Chase, who, unable to pay for it the second time, went West, but returned and died in Calais. Range 5 — lots i and 2, were settled by Judge Bradford Kinne, about 1795. The northern part he deeded to Philoman PLAINFIELD. 721 and Stephen Perkins in 1803, but they oc- cupied it in 1801. This part is now owned by A. Gunnison; the southern by J. Batch- elder. Judge Kinne was born in Preston, Conn., but moved here from Royalton, Vt. He was the most prominent man in town, and with good advantages might have become a distinguished lawyer. The story is well known of his defending Fisher in the suit of Cairnes v. Fisher, for assault, at the Caledonia County Court, where he directed his client to cry, when he himself did. Kinne made a pathetic appeal to the jury in favor of his client, who was a poor man, assuring them that "every dollar they took from him, they took from the mouths of babes and sucklings," at which dismal prospect Kinne burst into tears, and was followed by such a tremendous boo-hoo from Fisher, that the damages were assessed at a trifling sum, although the assault was a severe one. He re- moved on to the Washburn pitch in 1812, where he died in 1828, aged 64. Brad- ford Kinne Pierce, the distinguished Meth- odist clergyman, is his grandson. Lot 3 was settled by James Perry. He was one of the first deacons of the Con- gregational church, but became a Metho- dist preacher. His farm is now owned by his grandson, Daniel A. Perry. The northern part of this lot was settled by Ja- cob Perkins, about 1799. ^t is now owned by Emmons Taft, who married his daugh- ter. Capt. Jonathan Kinne was born in Preston, Conn.,where he married, and mov- ed to Bethel, Vt. He lived there 10 years. In 1793, he commenced clearing lot No. 4, living in a shanty through the week and going to Seth Freeman's on Sundays. He lived thus for two summers, and built a framed house in 1794, the first in town, which stood nearly opposite to H. Q. Perry's present residence. He moved his family here in Feb., 1795. The death of their little boy, Justus, Mar. 6, 1796, was the first death in town. He was the first minister in town, and preached for the Congregational church many years. He died at Berlin, in 1838. His son, Dea. Justus Kinney, lives upon this farm. 91 No. 5, is lease land. The southern 50 acres was leased by Dea. George Ayers, who was the progenitor of all of that fami- ly in this town. This place is now occu- pied by Ira Stone. The middle 50 acres of this lot was first leased by Elder James Perry's son, Elijah. The northern 50 acres was leased by Aaron Whittlesey. The last two portions are now leased by Levi Bartlett's estate. Lot 6 is lease land. The eastern por- tion was first leased by John Moore, now by Hiram G. Moore. The western portion was first leased by Levi Bartleit, now in part by Lee Batchelder. The southern ■ 100 acres of lot 7 was settled by Asa Bancroft, of Warmouth, Mass., about 1797. About the year 1801, as he and his wife were coming home, one evening, from Jeremy Stone's the wolves began to assemble in their rear. His wife was on a horse carrying their infant son, Tyler. They hurried on as fast as possi- ble, but the wolves came so near, that they abandoned to them a piece of fresh meat that Mrs. Stone had given them, and reached home safely, the wolves howling about the house as soon as they entered it. Mr. Bancroft was frequently elected to town offices, and died in 1856, aged 87. His children were, Tyler, William, John, Eunice (Mrs. Ira F. Page) and Mrs. Reu- ben Huntoon. When it began to be ru- mored that the settlers' titles were not good, he went to Jacob Davis', who gave him security on other property, and sent word by him to the other settlers, that if they were frightened he would secure them. This quieted their fears, and only one or two went. No. 8 was settled by John Moore. His son, Heman Allen Moore, born here, was elected a representative to congress from Ohio, in 1844, but died the next year. Wm. Huntoon now owns this farm. Range 6, lots i, 2 and 3, were settled by Joseph Nye, of Falmouth, Mass. Several members of this family settled in Plainfield, or owned land in it. They were of Welch descent, and when they first came to Falmouth wrote their name Noye. Joseph Nye was representative 5 years. X 722 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. justice of the peace a long time, &c. His son, Vinal, died many years since, leaving several children, Irving, George, Alanson, and Mary, wife of Edward Bartlett. Jo- seph's daughter, Sally, married Nathaniel Townshend, Cynthia, Daniel Gunnison, Augusta, Elijah A. Batchelder. Lots i and 2 are mostly owned by Dudley B. Smith. Seth F. Page lives upon No. 3. No. 4 was settled by Elder James Perry's son Stephen, in 1818, who built the plas- tered house standing upon it, now owned by Alba F. Marty n. No. 5, the southern part now owned by A. F. Martyn, was settled by Joseph F. Ayers, who moved to Thetford, and thence to Manchester, N. H. The northern part, now owned by Nathaniel Townsend, was settled by Gideon Huntington, father of Amasa, and of Mrs. Leonard Moore, and uncle to David and Samuel Huntington, of Marshfield. No. 6 was settled by Frank Crane and Joseph Deering. It is now mostly owned by N. Townsend. Harvey Bancroft, from Ware, now Auburn, Mass., settled upon lot 7, in the 6th range, part of lot 7 in the 7th range, and a part of lot 6 in the 8th range, next to the Bancroft pond. He was clerk under the attempted organization of St. An- drews Gore as a town. His house was opposite to the burying -ground near Newcomb Kinney's. While clearing some land, about 20 rods easterly of Benjamin F. Moor's present residence, he fell a tree upon a small one, which fell across another. The small one flew up striking him on the chest. He died July 8, 1797, a few days after the injury, aged 27. He left a wife and two small children. One died young, the other was Dr. Nathaniel Bancroft. His widow, Polly Carrol, married Sanford Kinne, a brother of Jonathan and of Brad- ford Kinne. Sanford purchased nearly all the land formerly owned by Harvey Ban- croft, but upon the death of his wife, in 1 8 14, he went West, and his fate is un- known. Newcomb Kinney is his son. No. 8 was settled by Ezra Bancroft, father of Horace Bancroft, now of Barre, but it was first owned by his brother, Aaron, of Boston. It is now occupied by Duron Norcross. Range 7, lots i, 2, 3 and 4, were pur- chased of Davis by Enos Colby, of Hawk, N. H. He made a clearing and built a house in 1800, some fourth of a mile west of the Great Brook, on land now owned by C. H. Heath. He stayed in it one night, and then went back to N. H., leav- ing it in care of Moulton Batchelder. One Currier without leave moved into the house, and was sued off by Heman Allen, who found when too late that Currier was not holding under Colby, who thereby got it by possession against Allen. Lots i and 2 are now mostly owned by his grand- son, Moses Colby. No. i is only 20 rods wide ; 3 and 4 are partly owned by Henry Camp, whose wife is Colby's grand- daughter. Lot 5 is mostly lease land, and portions of it were rented to Eli Boyd, Isaac Perry, James Perry, Jr., and the N. E. corner next to Moses Bancroft's was sold to Patrick Reed. It is now leased to Nathan Hill, Seneca S. Bemis and Lyman Moore. No. 6 was probably first owned by Harvey Bancroft. It was on the north- east corner of this lot that he was at work when fatally injured. It is now owned by Joel Sherburn, Baxter Bancroft and Henry Moore. No. 7 was first owned by Harvey Ban- croft and Charles Bancroft. Lee Martin's farm is a part of it. No. 8 was settled by Zopher Sturte- VANT, of Worcester, Mass. He was per- suaded by his friend Harvey Bancroft to come up and buy a farm next to him. He returned to Mass. to earn money to pay for it, and while there heard of Bancroft's death. Sewell Sturtevant was his son. It is now occupied by Newcomb Kinney. Range 8 — lots i and 2, were purchased and settled by Stephen Perkins, who built a saw-mill in 1812-13. He also had one set of mill-stones. In the summer of 1S57, the banks by the side of the dam gave way, and the pond of about 7 acres was discharged in a short time, carrying off every bridge on the Great Brook. It was repaired, but gave way again before PLAINFIELD. m the pond was quite filled. It was again repaired more thoroughly, and held until a heavy rain in the spring of 1869 carried off the new dam and all the bridges below. It was repaired, and when the pond was about half filled it burst through the quick- sands under the dam, and no more efforts to repair it were made. R. L. Martin then put in a steam-mill, which was burned in 1871, and he removed the remains of it to Harris Gore. Dudley Perkins and Silas Worthen occupy portions of these lots. No. 3 was settled by Ralph Chamber- lain, of Hanover, N. H., and is now owned by his grand.son, Jeremy Stone Chamber- lain. Plainfield Sulphur Springs are on this lot. No. 4 was settled by David Benedict, of Randolph, who sold the southern part, now owned by Scott and Smith, to Amasa Bancroft, and the northern part, now owned by Goodrich, to Robert Carson. Feb. 29, 18 16, an old house on this lot, occupied by Moses Reed, and used for a school-house, caught fire, and a little son of Reed was burned to death. David, Patrick and Woodman Reed were his sons ; Joanna (Mrs. William Parks) his daughter. No. 5 was settled by Charles R. Wool- son, who sold the northern part to his wife's father, Moses Bancroft, of Ward, Mass., in Nov. 1796. Woolson was not able or willing to pay for his land the sec- ond time, and removed to New York, where he became rich. His son Ephraim getting homesick, returned, and bought back the old farm, on which he died. It is now owned by Erastus Batchelder. Mary, wife of S. O. Goodrich, and Sarah, wife of Joseph Lane, are Ephraim's daugh- ters. Moses Bancroft had 4 sons : John, Charles, Chester and Baxter. John had 2 sons : Lewis, of Calais, and Preston, of Marshfield. Charles had a son Charles, and Mrs. Wm. Skinner and Mrs. Lewis Wood are his daughters. Baxter had but one child, Mo.ses. Baxter has resided in Plainfield longer than any other person — 84 years. He says that as late as Oct. 1804, neither his father nor any of the neighbors had chimneys to their houses. Stones were laid up into some form of a chimney for a few feet, and the smoke allowed to go out, if it would, through a hole in the roof. The roof for years was made of large pieces of elm bark, tied on with strings of the same. Sometimes a storm in the night would blow ofif these pieces, and his father would get up and tie them on again. It would often get on fire, and once the house burned down. One summer thev had nothing to eat but milk for a long time, until Willard Shep- hard gave them a bushel of rye very badly sprouted, but some of this ground and cooked tasted the best of anything he ever ate. The senior Moses had a brother, Lieut. John Bancroft, a Revolutionary soldier, who began a clearing on Prentice Shep- hard's farm (lot 5, range i), but soon re- moved to the village. Amasa Bancroft was his son. C. Watrous and Carlos Ban- croft, of Montpelier, were his sons. No. 6 contains the Bancroft Pond, and was purchased by Harvey Bancroft. No. 7 was settled by Charles Bancroft, and is now owned by Gardner Heath. No. 8 is mostly a swamp. Range 9. Lot i is no rods long, and 7 rods wide at one end, and a point at the other. It was never sold by the original proprietors. No. 2 was a part of Stephen Perkins' purchase, and is now owned by his grand- son, Emory F. Perkins. No. 3 was settled by David Reed, of Hanover, N. H., in 1809, and is now own- ed by David Perkins. David Reed and Ralph Chamberlain married sisters of Israel Goodwin, who lived many years in this town, but remov- ed to East Montpelier. T. Goodwin Reed is David's son. No. 4, now owned by Erastus Batchel- der, was settled in 1796, by James Bout- well, of Barre, a relative of Col. Levi Boutwell, of Montpelier. Oct. 9, 1804, snow fell to a great depth, some 3 or 4 feet. One Richardson, of Orange, started a bear out of his corn- X 724 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. field, and followed it to Capt. BoutwelFs and returned. Boutwell, Robert Carson, and Jeremy Stone, pursued it to the round mountain, north or east of Pigeon pond, where they treed her. Boutwell fired, wounding it in the neck, it ran by Carson who fired and missed. Stone followed after with an ax, having no gun, setting on the dogs. Stone soon saw the bear re- turning, perhaps to defend her cubs, and got upon a rock, and when the bear at- tempted to get on, tried to split its head open with the ax, but the bear instantly knocked it from his hand, mounted the rock, pushed Stone off from it into the snow, and then over on to his back, getting top of him. Stone put up his hand to push its head away from his, when his little finger went into the bear's mouth, which began to chew it. At this moment, Boutwell, who had reloaded and come up, fired, the bear's head being only a few inches from Stone's, and bruin fell dead. Another time Boutwell went up on to the high, round topped hill north-east of his house, after partridges. He found a bear up a tree. His gun was loaded with shot and he had no ball. He drawed the shot and whittled a beach plug, with the end pointed, and loaded with this. The first shot had no effect, but the second killed the bear. He was captain of the first militia com- pany in town ; was one of the selectmen from 1799, until his death, in 1 813, of typhoid fever, at that time very prevalent and fatal. He was a man whose character was almost above reproach ; but his dog was even more strict in his faith and prac- tice than his master. The dog had learn- ed to observe the Sabbath, as intelligent dogs in Christian families often do, and never attempted to follow his master on that day. Once when Boutwell was on his way to church, he met a party in pur- .suit of a bear, and they wished for the dog, which was a famous hunter. Bout- well went back with them to the house, and ordered the dog to follow them, but it refused. He called it to follow him, but it would not. He then took off his Sun- day clothes and put a gun on his shoulder. when the dog, probably thinking that it was not Sunday after all, followed. Bout- well was justly punished for his duplicity by not getting the bear. The dog after- ward followed a deer into the woods, and was never seen again. Lot 5 was first purchased of Heman Allen by Eathan Powers, who hired men to cut and burn wood for the ashes. Syl- vester Grinnel, a quaker, first resided up- on it. Lot 6 was settled by Moses Bancroft's son, John. Charles Morse owns a portion of it. No. 7 was settled by Jeremy Stone, of Ward, Mass., in 1796. He chose this place because he expected it would be near a good road. The legislature, in 1797, appointed a committee to work a road from Chelsea court house to Danville court house. This committee reported to the county court at Chelsea, in 1799, that they had built the road through Washington and Orange. A little work was done on it in Goshen gore, near Plaiufield line, and the work abandoned. Ira Stone, Rev. Jesse Stone of Maine, and Jeremy Stone are his sons ; Mrs. Hial P. Chamberlain and Mrs. Marian Stone Tarbell, his daugh- ters. His farm is now owned by Ira Rob- inson. Lot 8 was settled by Daniel Rice, of Barre, in 1825. Dudley Marshall now re- sides upon it. According to Thompson's Gazetteer, the town was organized Apr. 4, 1796, under the name of St. Andrew's gore, and Har- vey Bancroft elected town clerk. This is probably true, but it was illegal, a gore not having the power to form a town or- ganization. Nov. 6, 1797, the gore was incorporated into a town by the name of Plainfield, and the town meeting held at James Perry's, in Mar., 1798, is the first of which there is now any record, but was not the first, because called by Joshua Law- rence, James Perry, Moulton Batchelder, as selectmen of Plainfield. At this meet- ing, Thomas Vincent was elected town clerk. Town meetings after this were held at Capt. Jonathan Kinne's until 1823, when they were held in the village. PLAINFIELD. 725 In 1798, ''99 and 1800, the road tax vo- ' ted was 4 days work for each poll. In 1798, the General Assembly, at the request of the town, voted a tax of one cent per acre, which was to be used to build roads. In 1807. another of three cents per acre was laid upon Plainfield. At that time, improved lands were listed at $1.75 per acre, unimproved not at all. Polls at $20, a yoke of oxen $10, houses worth less than $1000, 2 per cent, over"$iooo, 3 per cent. Interest money 6 per cent. The first road in town was worked from Seth Freeman's north westerly to Hezekiah Davis' in Montpelier, as early as 1794, but no highways were laid out until June, 1799, when this and several others were laid. In 1798 and 99, the town sent no repre- sentative, probably because a town with a grand list of less than $3,200 was not " doomed" to pay a state tax, if it sent no representative. Thomas Vincent was a federalist. All the other representatives were republicans, until the reorganization of the parties under Jackson and Adams. After that they were all democrats except John Vin- cent, antimason, until the formation of the antislavery party, which elected D. A. Perry. Frank Hall was the only whig. In Sept. 1801, Isaac Tichenor received 10 votes for governor — all that were cast. In 1802, Isaac Tichenor had 25, Jonas Galusha 23, which was the largest vote cast for several years. PHYSICIANS. The first physician in town was Am- herst Simons, from Windham, Ct. He studied with Dr. Glysson, of Williams- town, and came 'to Plainfield in 1801. For many of the last years of his life he was blind. Dr. Ebenezer Conant studied with Dr. Robert Paddock, of Barre, and came to Plainfield in 1809. In 1832 he remov- ed into Marshfield, about 2 miles from Plainfield village, near Perkins' mill, but returned to Plainfield after a few years, where he died. Dr. Nathaniel Bancroft was brought to Plainfield by his father, Harvey Ban- croft, from Ward, Mass., when an infant. When 12 years old he went to Montpelier, where he attended school, and at last stud- ied medicine with Dr. Lamb. About 1822, he came to Plainfield to practice, where he remained until 185 1, when he went to Ohio, where he stayed 2 years, thence to Belvidere, 111. His pungent and witty sayings are still often quoted by his old friends in Plainfield. Dr. Daniel Kellogg came to Plain- field in 1834, and built the brick house east of the hotel. His health failing he removed to Berlin in 1836, where he soon died. Dr. Jared Bassett came to Plainfield in 1839, and removed to Northfield in 1843, and thence to Chicago. Dr. Daniel Bates was here from 1845 to 185 1. Dr. Stephen Bennett from 185 1 to 1856, when he removed to Ohio. Dr. Phineas Kellogg, of iJrookfield, commenced practice htre in 1851. He died of diphtheria Apr. 10, 1862, age 39. Dr. Walter S. Vincent, of Chelsea, now of Burlington, had his residence here for several years, but a large part of. the time he was surgeon in the Union army in the war of the rebellion. Dr. Dudley B. Smith, of Williams- town, came to Plainfield in 1856, and Dr. W. F. Lazell, of Brookfield, came in the fall of 1867. They remain here now. LAVi^YERS. The first lawyer in town was Charles RoBY, who came about the year 1812 — not long after the result of the Allen law- suit had put a mortgage on nearly every farm in town. Probably the people had no desire or money for any more lawsuits at that time, as he left soon. In 1828, Azel Spalding, of Montpe- lier, now of Kansas, was here one year. In 1833, Sylvester Eaton, of Calais, came and stayed until 1838. Stillman H. Curtis was here from 1838 to 1843. J. A. Wing was here from 1836 to 1852, when he went on to his farm on Maple Hill, in Marshfield, where he stayed about 726 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. 3 years, then moved to Plainfield, and from here to Montpelier in 1857. In 1S43 Lewis Chamberlain came. He died in Aug. 1863, of dysentery, which was very prevalent and fatal at that time, there being 18 deaths from that disease, 16 of which were within or near the village. Charles H. Heath came here in 1859, and removed to Montpelier in 1872. S. C. Shurtleff commenced the prac- tice of law here in 1864, and removed to Montpelier in 1877. O. L. Hoyt came here in 1873, and still remains. the first church was organized Nov. 13, 1799, at Jonathan Kinne"s, under the name of the church of CHRIST IX PL.\INFIELD. The council called to organize this church was composed of Rev. Richard Ransom of Woodstock, Rev. John Ran- som of Rochester, Rev. James Hobart of Berlin, Dea. William Wood of Wood- stock, Capt. Peter Salter of Orange. Dea. Judah Willey, Henry Taft and Joseph Sterling, of Barre, were invited to join the council. The members embodied into a church were only six : Capt. Jonathan Kinne, James Perry, James Boutwell, Mrs. Esther Perry, Deborah Boutwell, Judith Batchelder. Others joined soon after. In June, 1801, they passed this vote : " Whereas some members of the church are dissatisfied with the articles of faith. Therefore, Voted that the aggrieved mem- bers have liberty to select such articles as they are satisfied with, which when select- ed shall be considered the church articles of faith, not to prevent any from believing them as they now are." This compromise did not prevent the Methodist portion of the church from seceding in June, 1802, and forming anoth- er church. Those who left to join the Methodist were, Dea. James Perry, Esther Perry, Bradford Kinne, Ebenezer Free- man, Esther Freeman, John Chase, and Richard Kendrick. Those who remained with the original church were, Dea. Nehe- miah Mack, Moses Bancroft, Sally Ban- croft, James Boutwell, Deborah Boutwell, Jonathan Kinne, Lydia Kinne, Sanford Kinne, Polly Kinne, Zopher Sturtevant, Polly Sturtevant, David Bancroft. The same year Charles R. Woolson was unanimously expelled from the church for " neglect of family prayer, and public worship on Sunday and church meetings." Moulton Batchelder having joined the Methodists, on Sunday, Jan. 22, 1 8 16, the following sentence of excommunication was read before the assembled congrega- tion : '• Whereas our brother, Moulton Batch- elder, has violated his solemn covenant obligations by neglecting the stated meet- ings of the church on the Sabbath and at other times, and going after, as we think, false teachers, and embracing dangerous errors and sentiments, derogatory to the character of an infinitely wise and holy God, We now, under the pressing obliga- tion of duty we owe to our Lord and Sav- ior Jesus Christ, have undertaken this painful and bitter labor, and we hope in faithfulness and praj'er, but without suc- cess. Therefore, according to the rule of Christ's family, we are under the painful necessity of saying unto you, and that in this public manner, that for these reasons, the door of our fellowship and commun- ion is closed against you, and you are no longer to be considered of this church and body ; but as an unprofitable branch, and therefore are now severed from this body. It is our humble prayer, that God will bless this our unpleasant, but plain duty to you, and open your understanding that you may see your error, and give you re- pentance, that you may enjoy his favor at last, and be gathered with all of the re- deemed from among men. to inhabit the new Jerusalem, where Jesus Christ is the joy and the light thereof." I do not give these facts to increase the self-complacency of those at the present time, who are inclined to plume themselves upon their own superior liberality, and tolerance of differences of opinions. Such should consider, that people who thought their peculiar tenets of such vital impor- tance, that they incurred the dangers and hardships of a settlement in New England to establish them, could not be expected to see the result of their labors impaired or destroyed, with indifference or equanimity. Jonathan Kinne preached to the church until 1826; but was not ordained because he disbelieved in infant baptism. / PLAINFIELD. 727 Nathaniel Hurd was the acting pastor in 1826. [For his biography see Tinmouth, vol. III.] He was succeeded by John F. Stone. In 1829, Joseph Thatcher became the tirst settled minister. He removed to Barre in 1834, and was succeeded by Mr. Hadley in 1836, by John Orr in 1839, Sam- uel Marsh in 1842, Calvin Granger in 1846, and A. S. Swift in 1849, — none of whom were settled ministers, however. Rev. Joel Fisk was settled as pastor in May, 1855, and died Dec. 16, 1856. Soon after Rev. Horace Herrick became acting pastor, who was succeeded in 1861, by Rev. C. M. Winch, who remained until Nov., 1868, when he was succeeded by Horace Pratt, who removed in 1871. After an interval of nearly 2 years, Charles Redfield became acting pastor, and in 1877, C. E. Ferrin was settled, and remained until his death, in 188 1. The deacons have been James Perry, Nehemiah Mack, George Ayers, Dan. Storrs, Justus Kinney, Emmons Taft. Their first meeting-house was built in 1819, the second, on the same site, in 1854. Until the building of a church their meetings were usually lield at the dwelling house of Jonathan Kinne. THE METHODIST CHURCH has no early records in Plainfield, and I am obliged to glean this account from va- rious sources. The first Methodist ser- mon preached in Plainfield was by the Rev. Nicholas Sneathen- or " Suethen," as his family write it — a very able man, who was chaplain of Congress in 181 2. He came to Seth Freeman's, made known his name and occupation, and succeeded in attaching nearly all of the people in the southern part of the town to the Methodist church, including Dea. James Perry, who afterwards became a Methodist preacher, the first probably that resided in town. A church was organized in 1 801, or '2. It formed a part of Barre circuit. The first Methodist minister stationed at Plain- field that I can learn of was David Kil- burn, who was here in 1812 and 1825. Rev. Thomas C. Pierce, who was mar- ried to Judge Kinne's daughter, Sally, lived upon the Asa Washburn place in 1820. This, with 15 acres of land, was given to the Methodist church for a par- sonage by Judge Kinne. It was after- wards sold and the parsonage in the vil- lage bought. Rev. John Lord was stationed here in 1823; Harvey in 1827, '28; R. H. Deming, '30, '31 ; John Nason, '33, '34; N.Stone, '35; David Wilcox, '36, 'T,y \ Jacob Boyce, '38 ; Daniel Field, '39; J. L. Slason, "40: John W. Wheeler, '41 ; Rich- ard Newell, '42, '43; Otis M. Legate, '44; H. P. Gushing, '45, '46; J. W. Perkins, '47, 48 ; Homer T. Jones, '49, '50 ; Mul- fred Bullard, '51 ; Peter Merrill, '52, '53; Alonzo Hitchcock, '54, '55, '62, '63 ; W. J. Kidder, '56, "57 ; Edmund Copeland, '58, '59, '69, '70 ; P. P. Ray, '60, '61 ; Joshua Gill, '64, '65 ; S. B. Currier, '66, '67 ; Andes T. Bullard, '68; Thomas Trevillian, '71; Joseph Hamilton, '72, ^jT)^ '74 i Joseph O. Sherburn, '75, '76; W. H. Dean, 'jj, '78; Elihu Snow, '79, '80, '81. Before the erection of a church their meetings were usually held at Elder James Perry's, or at Lieut. Joseph Batchelder's. In 18 19 a house was built for the Metho- dist society in the village, with an agree- ment that when they had no preacher, "any other Christian denomination, such as Calvinists, Anti-Baptists, Freewill Bap- tists, Friends, so called, Universalists, etc., who had a preacher, might occupy it." The following is a list of the contrib- utors to the building of this church : Thomas Vincent, $100 ; Moulton Batch- elder, $100; Harvey Pitkin, $75; John Vincent, $60 ; Seth Cook, $50 ; Bradford Kinne, $50 ; Amherst Simons, $50 ; Seth Freeman, $50 ; Asa Bancroft, $30 ; Eben Dodge, Jr., $25 ; John Moors, $25 ; Eben- ezer Lyon, $25 ; Matthew Jack, $25 ; Na- than Freeman, $25 ; Benjamin F. Lamp- son, $25 ; Laomi Cree,^$25 ; Enoch Gate, $25 ; Ebenezer Freeman, $20 ; Samuel Wil- son, Jr., $20; Benjamin Whipple, $20; Earl Gate, $15; James Batchelder, $15 ; Joseph P. Page, $12 ; William Moors, $10 ; Friend M. Morse, $10; Solomon Bartlett, $10 ; Duron Whittlesey, $10 ; Andrew Jack, $iq; Nehemiah Mack, Jr.. $5; Charles 728 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Patterson, $5 ; Allen Martin, $5 ; Eben Martin, $5 ; Richard Kendrick. $3 ; Elisha Mack, $2; total, $947. $100 was paid for the site, leaving the cost of the house about $850. In 1852, this was sold to the Baptists and removed, and another built at a cost of a little less than $1,600. The Vermont Annual Conference was held at Plainfield in 1855, Bishop Edward R. Ames presiding. The present number in full member- ship, 132; probationers, 14. FRO.VI REV. J. R. BARTLETT, OF BARRE. Rev. Nicholas Snethen, who is men- tioned as the first Methodist preacher who visited Plainfield, was the pioneer Metho- dist preacher in this State. His appoint- ment to Vermont was in 1796, and as he labored in this State but one year, it must have been at that time that he appeared in Plainfield. The records of " Vershire cir- cuit," which was the name of the appoint- ment in the earliest days, are probably not now in existence; but those of " Barre circuit," formed in 1804, are still preserv- ed, and state that the first "quarterly meeting" for Barre circuit was held in Plainfield, Aug. 4th and 5th, 1864, and in Plainfield a little later. The records give Bradford Kinne, Richard Kendrick and Ebenezer Freeman as leaders, 17, 16 and ir members, respectively, and four "on trial." Mr. Kinne was also a local preach- er, and a very active man in the church, and the Rev. Bradford Kinne Pierce, D. D., now the editor oi ZioiCs Herald, published in Boston, was named for him, being the son of Rev. Thomas C. Pierce, and there- fore the grandson of Mr. Kinne, who is mentioned in the foregoing sketch as "Judge " Kinne. This town was included in Barre circuit until 1838, and hence was visited by the appointees to that circuit at stated inter- vals as a regular preaching place. The names given in the foregoing sketch as Methodist preachers stationed here, are, in several instances at least, of appointees to Barre circuit, there being each year two or three such appointees, and one of them usually resident at Plainfield. On and after the conference of 1838, this sta- tion lost its identity with Barre circuit, and the preachers were appointed directly to Plainfield. The complete list of Meth- odist preachers on Vershire circuit to 1804, and on Barre circuit from that time to 1838, may be found in the history of Barre. The condition of this church has been par- ticularly prosperous during the last three years, about one-third of its present mem- bership having been added during that time. Barre, Feb. 3, 1882. THE BAPTIST CHURCH was organized Oct. 17, 1809, at the school- house near Dea. James Perry's (South district.) The members were: James Boutwell and wife, who withdrew from the CongregationaJist church for that purpose, Jacob Perkins, Stephen Perkins and his wife Nancy, John Bancroft and his wife Phoebe. Elder Jabez Cottle and Elder Elijah Huntington were the clergymen present. At the next meeting Philip Wheeler made a profession of religion, and joined the church . He became pastor afterwards, living near the center of Montpelier, but in 1826, sold his farm, and a house was built for him near the Plainfield Springs. In a few years after this, Stephen Perkins refused to commune, for the reason that Elder Wheeler had said that "he would not baptize a person that he knew intend- ed to join another church." Soon after this, he and his brother Jonathan with- drew froni the church. The result of this dissension was, that Elder Wheeler soon closed his pastoral labor with this church, and removed into Marshfield, one half mile east of Plainfield village, where he died. After Elder Wheeler's dismissal, they were supplied at intervals by different cler- gymen, none of them living in town ex- cept Rev. Friend Blood. In 1852, the Baptist churches in Plain- field and Marshfield united, and Abraham Bedel became their pastor, residing in Plainfield. The Methodist church was purchased, removed and repaired. Mr. / PLAINFIELD. 729 Bedel was succeeded in 1S58 by Mr. Kel- ton, he in 1859 by S. A. Blake, and he in 1S60 by N. W. Smith, who removed in 1862. After that they had only occa- sional preaching, and in 1871 their church was sold and converted into stores. THE RESTORATIONIST SOCIETY was organized in 1820, but had only occa- sional preaching until in 1840, Rev. L. H. Tabor came to Plainfield, and a church was erected costing $1,770 above the foundations, exclusive of furniture and the bell, the whole amounting to about $2,300. Mr. Tabor remained 3 years only. The pulpit was afterwards supplied a part of the time by Mark M. Powers, of Washing- ton, and Rufus S. Sanborn, of Barre. They were succeeded in 1854 by William Sias, who remained one or two years. Rev. Joseph Sargent resided here in 1858 and 1859, Rev. Thomas Walton in i860 and 1861, after which they had no stated preaching until in 1872, Rev. Les- ter Warren commenced to preach one half of the time. He was succeeded by Rev. George Forbes the next year. In 1876 L. S. Crossly removed here, and remained one year, since which they have been sup- plied a part of the time by non-resident preachers. SCHOOLS. In 1787, the General Assembly enacted a school law that authorized towns and school districts to build schoolrhouses and support schools by a tax on the grand list. A majority of a town might do this, but it required a two-thirds vote of a school dis- trict, and neither a town or school district could tax the property of non-residents for this purpose. This law provided that schools might be supported by subscrip- tion, and the district collector had the same power and duties in collecting a sub- scription that he had in collecting a tax. In 1803, Plainfield was divided into 5 school districts. The town never voted a tax for schools, and probably none of the districts did for several years. The north- west, or village, district schools were sup- ported by subscription until 1809. They commenced to build a school-house in 1803, finishing it in 1804. It stood just east of the present hotel, in James Martin's garden. This was the first built in town, and was paid for by a tax, one-third payable in money and two-thirds in wheat. This house having been burned in the winter of 1806-7, another was built in 1807, over by the present residence of Geo. C. Wales, near the railroad bridge. In 1826, this district formed a unison with an adjoining district in Marshfield, and a school-house was built near Marshfield line north of the river. In 1866, this district built another school-house near the old one, at a cost of $6,000, exclusive of the site. The South, or Freeman, district did not have the first school-house in town ; but they had the first school-house quarrel. It had been decided to build a school-house at the Four Corners, east of Seth Free- man's, to which the Freemans were op- posed. The boys of Elder James Perry and of Philemon Perkins, and others, made arrangements to raise it secretly at mid- night. The Freemans learned of the plot, and appeared to help uninvited ; but they spelled the word raze. The result was, nothing was done at that time, but after- wards, in the fall of 1805, the house was built there. Plainfield village is at the extreme north- ern part of the town, and as incorporated in 1867, includes a portion of the town of Marshfield. In 1812, it contained about a dozen families, in 1881 about 80. The first mills were burned the same year they were built. The village suffered no more serious loss by fire until May 16, 1877, when the saw and grist-mills, 4 dwelling-houses, 2 shops and 4 barns were burned. James Richards was convicted of being the incendiary, and is now in prison. The great freshet of Oct. 1869, carried off the saw and grist-mills, the clothing- works, machine-shop, blacksmith-shop, etc. Railroad trains commenced to run from Montpelier to Plainfield for traffic, Sept. 17, 1873 ; to Wells River, Nov. 24, 1873. It is said that a mail route was estab- lished from Montpelier to Danville, via Plainfield, in 1808, and a post-office was probably established at Plainfield at that 92 730 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. time ; but so little did it affect the daily life of the people, that no one knows who was the first postmaster. As late as 1823, the fees of the post- master at Plainfield were only $10.76; at Marshfield, $3.48; Cabot, $6.81 ;atMont- pelier, $138.81. As postage wasthenvery high, and the fees of the small offices about one-half of the gross income, the amount of mail matter must have been small. The mail was carried on horseback until 1827, then in a wagon until 1830, when a coach was put on, which was almost as much an object of curiosity and pride as was the advent of the cars in 1873. TOWN REPRESENTATIVES. Bradford Kinne, 1800, '2, '3, '4, '5, '7. \S, '9, '10, '11, '12, '13, '16, '21; Thomas Vincent, 1801, '22, "25, '26; Jonathan Kinne, 1806; Joseph Nye, 1814, '15, '17, '18, '24 ; Benjamin Whipple, 1819, '20, '23 ; Jeremy Stone, 1827, '28; Israel Goodwin, 1829, '30, 31 ; John Vincent, 1832, '33, '34 ; Baxter Bancroft, 1835, '36; James Palmer, 1837, '38, '41 ; Harvey Bancroft, 1839, '4° i Mark M. Page, 1842; Ezra Kidder, 1843, '44, '50, '60, '61 ; Nathaniel Townsend, 1845, '46; Reuben Huntoon, 1847 ; Daniel A. Perry, 1848, '55; Francis Hall, 1849; Lewis Chamberlain, 1851, '52; John Mel- len, 1853, '54; E. Madison Perry, 1856, '57 ; Dennis Lane, 1858, 59; Sullivan B. Gale, 1862, '63; Willard S. Martin, 1864, '65; Levi Bartlett, 1866; Julius M. Rich- ards, 1867; Justus Kinney, 1868; Chan- ning Hazeltine, 1869; Joseph Lane (bien- nial), 1870; L. Cheney Batchelder, 1872; Stephen C. Shurtleff, 1874; Nathaniel Townsend, Jr., 1876; Frank A. Dwinell, 1878; Dudley B. Smith, 1880. DELEGATES TO CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS. Lovel Kelton, 1 8 14 ; John Vincent, 1822 ; Nathaniel Bancroft, 1828; James Palmer, 1836; Nath'l. Sherman, 1843, '50; Reuben Huntoon, 1870. STATE SENATORS. Nathaniel Bancroft, 1847, '48 ; Charles H. Heath, 1868, '69, '70. JUDGES OF COUNTY COURT. Bradford Kinne, 181 1, '12, '13; Israel Goodwin, 1834,^35; Lewis Chamberlain, 1855, '56; Willard S. Martin, 1874, '75, '76, V7- TOWN CLERKS. Thomas Vincent, 1798, ^99, 1800; 'i,'2, '3, '9, '10, 'II, '12, '14; Bradford Kinne, 1804, '5> '6, '7, '8, '13, '15, '16; Silas Wil- liams, 1817 to '33; James Palmer, 1834 to '41 ; Ezra Kidder, 1842 to '51 ; Mark M. Page, 1852 to '60; Phineas Kellogg, 1861, '62; Walter B. Page, 1863 to '76; Mason W. Page, 1877; Frank A. Dwinell, 1878. TREASURERS. Moulton Batchelder, 1798, '99, 1800; Thomas Vincent, 1801, '08, '09, '10, '11, '12, '14; Ebenezer Freeman, 1802; Brad- ford Kinne, 1803, '04, '05, '06, '07, '13, '15, '16; Silas Williams, 1817 to '33; James Palmer, 1834 to '41 ; Ezra Kidder, 1842 to '51 ; Mark M. Page, 1852 to '60; S. B. Gale, 1861 to '70; Ira F. Page, 1871 to '74 ; Dudley B. Smith, 1875 ; F. A. Dwi- nell, 1877 to '81. 1ST SELECTMEN. Joshua Lawrence, 1797; Thomas Vin- cent, 1798, '99, 1800, '01, '02, '03, 'lo, '11, '12, '14, '18; James Boutwell, 1804, '05. '06, '07, '08, '09; B. Kinne, 1813; Asa Bancroft, 1815, '16, '17 ; Willard Shephard, 1819; John Vincent, 1820; Benjamin Whipple, 1821, '22, '23, '24, '25 ; Jeremy Stone, 1826, '35, '36; Andrew Wheatley, 1827, '28, '29 ; Jabez L. Carpenter, 1830; Elijah Perry, 1 831, '32, '33 ; Ba.xter Ban- croft, 1834; Mark M. Page, 1837 to '41 ; James Palmer, 1842, '43; Levi Bartlett, 1844; Nathaniel Sherman, 1845; Nathan- iel Townsend, 1846, '58; E. Madison Per- ry, 1847, '48, '49; Daniel A. Perry, 1850; Amherst Perkins, 1851 ; Joel Sherburn, 1852, '53; Dudley Perkins, 1854; Allen Martin, 1855; Ira Stone, 1856; Harrison Ketchum, 1859, '60; Charles T. Batchel- der, 1861 : L. Cheney Batchelder, 1862, 81 ; Joseph Lane, 1863, '64, '65, '75 to '79; Willard S. Martin, 1866, '71, '72; Heman A. Powers, 1867; Orrin W. Cree, 1857, '68, '70; Thomas P. Bartlett, 1869; Jere- my S. Chamberlain, 1873, '74' '^o- OLD PEOPLE Who have died in Plaittfield. Mrs. Joseph Lampson, 95 ; Mrs. Isaac Mann, 94; Moses Bancroft, 87; Mrs. M. PLAINFIELD. 73^ Bancroft, 92 ; Jonathan Perkins, 89 ; Spen- cer Lawrence, 81-^ Mrs. Spencer Lawrence, 89 ; Asa Bancroft, 88 ; Jane (Cams) Hatch, 88 ; Mrs. Jacob Perkins, 89 ; Ly- dia (Cams) Perkins (Mrs. Jonathan), 83; Chauncy Bartlett, 86 ; Mrs. C. Bartlett, 85 ; Edmund Freeman, Charles Bancroft, 84 ; Mrs. N, Townsend, 83 ; Levi Bartlett, 80 ; Benjamin Niles, 84 ; Nathaniel Sherman, 80; Mrs. N. Shern-^an, 81 ; Eliza (Cams) White, 80; David Reed, 82; Mrs. D. Reed, 81 : James Allen, 84; Roderic Tay- lor, 83 ; John P. Avers, 82 ; James Batch- elder, 81; Allen Martin, 82; Isabella (Nash) Powers, 80 ; Coolige Taylor, 83 ; C. W. Alvord, 82 ; Asa Fletcher, 82 ; Mrs. A. Fletcher, 85 ; Daniel Lampson, 80 ; James Perry, 80 ; Isaac Mann, Nathan Hill, 82. OLD PEOPLE LIVING. Daniel Spencer, 91 ; Susan Collins, 88; Baxter Bancroft, 87 ; Mrs. B. Bancroft, 82; Mrs. John P. Ayers, 86; Eben Mar- tin, 85 ; Mrs. Nathan Parker, 85 ; Justus Kinney, 83; Mrs. J. Kinney, 80; Susan Corliss, 82 ; Mrs. Roderic Taylor, 81 ; William Parks, 81 ; Benjamin F. Moore, 81 ; Alex Woodman, 80; Mrs. Levi Bart- lett, 80 ; Nathan Hill, 82. MASONIC. Rural Lodge. — The records of this Lodge having been lost or destroyed, no extended history can be written of it or of its early members. The only authentic papers belonging to it are the original by- laws in manuscript form, from which we learn that a charter was granted by the Grand Lodge at its annual session in Montpelier, Oct. 12. 1825. Charier Members. — Horace Pitkin, Marshfield ; Alden Palmer, Montpelier ; Ja- bez L. Carpenter, Plainfield ; Stephen Pit- kin, William Martin, Marshfield ; William Billings, Nathaniel C. King, Montpelier; Charles Clark, Calais ; Nathaniel Bancroft, Silas Williams, Jr., A Simons, Plain- field ; Merrill Williams, Montpelier ; Har- vey Pitkin, Edwin Pitkin, James Pitkin, Daniel Spencer, Marshfield ; Nathaniel Davis, Robert Nesmith, Montpelier ; James English, Marshfield. The organization of the Lodge was kept up, and some work done, until the annual session of the Grand Lodge in 1830, when they are supposed to have surrendered their charter. Only two of the charter members are known to be living, Daniel Spencer of Plainfield, at the advanced age of 91 years, and Nathaniel C. King, of Montpelier. Wyoming Lodge, No. 80. — Wyoming Lodge, F. & A. M., No. 80, was chartered by the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of Vermont, June 11, A. D. 1868. Charter Members. — Charles H. Heath, Leroy H. Hooker, Stephen C. Shurtleff, Nathan Skinner, Dudley B. Smith, Jas. M. Perry, Channing Hazeltine, J. M. Richards, William Armstrong, A. H. Whitcomb, Walter B. Page, Mark M. Page, R. H. Christy, Byron Goodwin, Fitch E. Willard, W. S. Little, Ezekiel Skinner, Samuel Simpson, Martin V. B. Hollister, D. M. Perkins, Samuel Wilson, Horace Hill, Reuben Huntoon, Lewis H. Cunningham, N. Davis, Jr., Mason T. Page, Silas E. Willis, Willard Harris, James Pitkin, Luther G. Town, Solomon L. Gilman, Nathaniel Sherman, Daniel Spencer, Nathaniel Davis, Horace H. Hollister, Nathaniel C. Page, C. W. H. Dwinell, E. O. Hammond, Eben D. Ste- vens. First officers: Charles H. Heath, W. M. ; Loren H. Hooker, S. W. ; Stephen C. Shurtleff, J. W. Officers for i?>Zi-2: W. R. Gove, W. M.; John W. Fowler, S. W, ; Dan. W. Moses, J. W. REV. C. E. FERRIN, D. D. Alirirtged from a sketch in tlie Vermont Chronicle by Rov. a. D. Bakber. Clark E. Ferrin was born in Holland, Vt., July 20, 1818. He grew up there on the farm with his father till he was of age, teaching a common school in the winter from the time he was 17, and aiding his father in the support of the family. In the fall after he had attained his majority he went to Brownington Academy, of which Rev. A. C. Twilight was preceptor, and began fitting for college. At Brown- ington he not only set his face collegeward but heavenward, experiencing that change 732 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. of which our Lord said to Nicodemus, " Except a man be born again he cannot see the kingdom of God.'' Remaining at Browington about a year, he went to Derby, finished his preparation and enter- ed the University at Burlington in the class of 1841 . Though at a disadvantage by lack of early opportunities, by diligent ap- plication he gained upon the class during the course, and graduated in 1845, with the last third. The fall after he taught the Academy at Marshfield, and from thence went to Macon, Ga., where he taught for 2 years. From Macon he went to the theological seminary at Andover, Mass., completing the course in the class of 1850. The spring before he graduated at An- dover he visited Barton, Vt., preaching there, and receiving a call to the pastorate of the Congregational church. Accepting this call, he was ordained and installed at Barton, in 1857, Rev. O. T. Lamphear, a college classmate, then at Derby, preach- ing the installation sermon from Exodus IV: 14, "I know that he can speak well." Another, a seminary classmate. Rev. Mr. Dean, gave the charge to the people. Zealous and faithful at Barton, he was after nearly 3 years attacked with that facial neuralgia, which rendered his after life one of almost continued pain, and often for months and years at a time one of in- tense suffering. His enemy compelled him to suspend his ministry at Barton and seek dismission from his charge. This was granted by council. Dismissed, he sought for a time renewed health and strength in farm labors. Assoonas health permitted, he took up the ministry again, received a call, and was installed pastor of the Congregational church in Hinesburgh ' in 1855. At this second installation, an- other of his classmates, Rev. N. G. Clark, then professor in the University at Bur- lington, preached the sermon, and an- other classmate. Rev. A. D. Barber, of Williston, gave the Right Hand of Fellow- ship. Here, after no very long time, he began to suffer again from the assaults of his adversary, neuralgia, but for long years, though in real suffering and much of the time in keen distress by day and by night, he persisted in doing a manly work, building with one hand for Christ and his church, and resisting the enemy of his peace and strength with the other. Here, indeed, he fought a good fight, yielding only after many years. In the winter of 1874 he went to Philadelphia, and sub- mitted to the severe surgical operation of removing a part of the facial nerve. This gave only partial relief. In the fall of 1875 he took a voyage to Europe, visiting . London and Paris, seeking aid, but finding little. Having failed now for some time in strength, but not in heart to labor, he re- signed his pastorate. His resignation was after long waiting and hope of the church and parish for his- recovery, accepted, and he was dismissed, havingbeen pastorabout 24 years. Remaining in the parsonage at Hinesburgh, and experiencing some relief with returning strength, he was able at length to take up again the work he loved so well. This he did at Plainfield, where he was installed pastor Feb. 13, 1878, Rev. W. S. Hazen, of Northfield, preach- ing the sermon, from I. Cor. 1:23, "We preach Christ and Him crucified," one of his classmates, again a member of the Council, presided and offered the installing prayer. In this his third and last pastor- ate, our brother labored continuously and successfully, though his old enemy still pursued him. He ceased his labors and entered into rest, after a sickness entirely prostrating him of about 5 weeks, June, 1 88 1. His experience during this last trial was full of the peace of God. " I am surprised," he wrote, telling us the result of the first council of physicians called to consider his case. "The fullness with which I can say, ' Thy will, not mine,' surprises, almost troubles me." Mr. Ferrin left a wife, 3 sons and 2 daughters ; all fitted for usefulness, and of fine promise ; all were present at the time of his death. His oldest son, reaching home but a few days before, is Professor William Ferrin, of Pacific University, at Forest Grove, Oregon. The oldest daugh- ter is the wife of Rev. John Cowan, of Essex. At the funeral, ten neighboring ministers PLAINFIELD. 733 were present, the deacons of the church from WilUston and Montpelier, and a good delegation trom Hinesburgh and other towns. His children conducted the ser- vices at the house, Prof. Ferrin reading select passages of Scripture, Rev. Mr. Cowan offering prayer, and all the family uniting in singing the hymn, "Rock of ages cleft for me." The service was beau- tiful, tender and touching. The casket was borne by his brother ministers. At the church, Rev. C. S. Smith read the Scripture, Rev. J. H. Hincks offered prayer, his two classmates. Rev. J. G. Hale and A. D. Barber, spoke ; Mr. Hale, of Mr. Ferrin as a man, of his place in college and in the ministry, and Mr. Barber of him as a Christian pastor. Mr. Ferrin, besides his work as min- ister, was a most respected and highly useful citizen. He represented the town of Hinesburgh in the legislature one or two sessions, was a faithful and influential member of the corporation of the Univer- sity for more than 20 years. He received the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity from Middlebury College at the commence- ment, a year ago, and was a man such that the family, the church and the State can alike trust. [Mr. Ferrin compiled from the papers of the venerable Erastus Bostwick the his- tory of Hinesburgh for Vol. i. in this work, and in Vol. iii. wrote the biograph- ical sketch of the Rev. O. T. Lamphear in the history of Orleans County.] SOLDIERS ENLISTED FOR PLAINFIELD IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. Names. Ayers, George A. Ball, Henry "L. C. Blaisdell, George, Bradford, Amos C. Bradford, John M. Buxton, Chas. B. Reg. Co. 2 F 9 I 4 G 2 F do 4 A Bell, Joel CavH Bartlett, Mark 12 D Boles, David 4 G Cummins, John D. do Cole, Parker CavC Carr, Jason 12 D do 2 Bat Clark, Nathaniel 12 D Dolan, Bernard 4 B Duke, Edward V. 4 G Downs. John H. 9 I Edmons, Douglass CavF Fraqua, Peter Farrar, D. W. 2 Bat Farr, Benjamin A. 4 E Gale, Sullivan F. 13 c Gunnerson, Daniel 12 D Haywood, Wm. H. CavF Hill, David 9 I Lapieu, Louis 2 D Lupien, Lewis CavK Leazer, Buzzell 3 H Leazer, Joseph 9 I Lemwin, Peter I Bat Ladd, Andrew J. CavC Lease, Joseph N. 4 D Lease, Julian C. do Lease, Rufus do Lemwin, Rock 17 E Lupien, 0. Liva CavK Mustered. June 20 61 July 9 62 Sept 20 61 do do Dec 31 62 Aug 29 Oct Jan 20 Sept 20 Dec 25 Oct 4 Aug 27 Oct 4 Feb 15 Feb 25 July 9 Sept 26 Nov 25 Aug 13 Feb 14 -Oct 10 Oct 4 Sept 26 July 1 1 Apr 22 Dec 3 July 16 July 1 1 Feb 28 Dec 25 Dec 31 64 62 65 61 63 62 64 62 65 65 62 62 63 64 65 62 62 62 62 62 63 61 62 62 63 63 3y 3y 3y 3y 3y 3y I y 9 m ly 3y 3y 9 m ly 9 m ly ly 3y 3y 3y ly ly 9 m 9 m 3y 3y 3y 3y 3y 3y 3y 3y 3y do 3 y do 3 y Mar 3 64 3 y Dec 31 63 3y Deserted Dec. 25, 62. Died Nov. 29, 61. Discharged Aug. 26, 63. Pris. June 23, 64 ; died at Andersonville, Ga., Oct. 6, 64. Enlisted for Barre, Aug. 26, 61. Discharged Apr. 17, 62. [Church. Killed in action May 5, 64, at Craig's Died June 13, 65. Promoted corporal. Deserted Nov. i, 63. Sergeant. Deserted Feb. 29, 64. Discharged May 9, 63. Discharged Sept. 62. Promoted corporal. Re-enlisted 3d Battery. Deserted Sept. 28, 62. Mustered out Oct. 10, 64. Discharged April 19, 64. Died July 8, 64, of wounds received in action June 23, 64, Welden Railroad. Died June, 64. Died at Burlington, Mar. 7, 64. Died at Andersonville, Sept. 3, 64. 734 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Reg, Co. Mustered. Terra, 4 G CavD 12 U 4 A 4 G 2 A 4 G do Cav K lo I 2 Bat do 12 D do do 4 F 4 G 62 61 Mann, John C. Mears, Horace B. Morse, Marshal C. Nye, Ervhi Nasmith, K. R. Paronto, Gideon Perry, Edwin R. Perry, Willard M. Paronto, Napoleon Porter, Geo. W. Rollins, Charles Rollins, Orvis Reed, Clark Reed, Roswell Richards, Linus Rathbury, Ira P. Spencer. Ira D. Scott, George Scott, Orange Shepherd, Dennison Shepherd, John Shorey, Joseph Simons, Louis Skinner, Ezekiel Stearns, James E. Stearns, Lowell Taylor, Stephen Valley, Felix Wilson, Calvin O. Woodcock, C. A. Webster. Nathan L. Willey, Geo. W. Whicher, Geo. Total, 68, of whom there were 5 deserted, i killed in action, 2 died of wounds, 11 died of disease, 12 discharged before enlistment expired, yj served their term, or were discharged at the close of the war. Furnished undtr draft — Paid commutation, Solomon Bartlett, Jacob Batchelder, Martin B. Bemis, John D. Cummings, Lucius M. Harris, Jirah S. Lawrence, Alba F. Martyn, Erasmus McCrillis, Philander Moore, Charles Morse. Procured substitute — Edwin B. Lane. 2 H 7 K 4 G 2 F 4 G do 4 A 4 K Sept 20 61 Sept 26 62 Oct 4 62 Dec 31 63 Jan 20 65 Apr 12 Sept do Dec 31 63 Jan 5 64 Aug 27 64 Aug 13 64 Oct 4 62 do do Feb 14 65 Jan 20 65 Sept 22 62 ■June 20 61 Feb 21 62 Sept 20 61 Sept 22 62 Sept 61 Sept20 61 Jan 6 64 July 17 63 June 20 61 Oct 1062 July 9 62 Sept 22 62 Dec 31 63 2 S S E Jan 5 64 2 Bat Aug 19 64 3y 3y 9 m 3y ly 3y 3y 3y 3y 3y ly ly 9m 9 m 9 m I y ly 3y 3y 3y 3y 3y 3y 3y 3y 3y 3y 9 m 3y 3y 3y 3y ly Discharged Apr. 21, 62. Discharged Sept. 18, 63. Discharged May 12, 65. Died June 17, 62. Discharged Oct. 8, 62. Re-enlisted Dec. 15, 63. Deserted Sept.- 19, 64. Prisoner July 9, 64; died March, 65. Sergeant. Died May 2, 63. Discharged Oct. 21, 62. Died Nov. 4, 6r. Re-enlisted. Discharged April 21, 62. Re-enlisted. Discharged .Sept. 63, Promoted corporal. Wounded ; ambulance train captured ; never heard from afterwards. Re-enlisted Jan. 64. Died Feb. 23, 65. Prisoner June 23, 64; died Dec. soon after being exchanged. Died Feb. 14, 64. 23, 64, Revolutionary soldier s- Moses Reed. -Lieut. Joshua Lawrence, John Bancroft, Solomon Bartlett, FUNERAL HYMN FOR GARFIELD. KY MRS. E. E. YAW. (Written for the memorial services at Plainfield, Sept. 21, 1881.) Years a-gone, a cry of woe Rose to Heaven an April day. As beneath a murderer's hand Our martyred Lincoln bleeding lay. Revive the story of that crime. How all nations mourned with us, Bowing witli uncovered l»eads. Weeping o'er his honored dust. And to-day. In grief again — Lord of nations. Lord of might— We come to tliee with cries of pain; Shine upon our dreary night. Ah, our tears they fall lil«e rain That the honor nobly gave, Placing Garfield at the nation's head, Led so close beside a grave. Lay him softly in his narrow bed. Cover him with garlands fair. Gentle zephyrs, requiems sing; Angels watch— leave him tliere. The services were in charge of the pastor. Remarks were made by O. L. Hoyt, E. N. Morse, Dr. D. B. Smith, Godwin Reed, Ira Stone, Joseph Bartlett, Allan Ferrin and H. O. Perry. Mary E. Davis, also, born in this town, has published a book of verse, of which, had a volume been placed at our command, in time, we should have given a review. ROXBURY. 735 ROXBURY. BY MUS. SARAH BRIGHAM MANSFIELD. Located in the south part of Washing- ton County, 17 miles south-westerly from Montpelier; bounded N. by Northfield, E. by Brookfield, S. by Braintree and Granville, and W. by Warren ; was grant- ed Nov. 6, 1780, and chartered to Hon. Benjamin Emmonds and others August 6, 1781 ; 23,040 acres, situated on the height of the land between Winooski and White rivers. The village is at the sum- mit, the highest point of land on the Central Vt. R. R. There are no large streams. Three branches of Dog river flow north into the Winooski ; one rising on the East Hill, flows south, passing a branch of Dog river at the Summit, one running north, the other south, the latter into White river. Many years ago, one Capt. Ford, who owned a manufacturing establishment at Randolph, and wished a greater supply of water, came to the Summit, and turned the course of the stream going north into the one flowing south, deriving great ben- efit therefrom, but of short duration. The trick was detected by mill-owners north, and he was obliged to undo his work, and let the river take its natural course. There are two natural ponds in town, one just south of the village and one on East Hill. Both have at one time been homes for the "beaver," where they built dams and carried on business beaver style ; but long ago they deserted their old haunts, and the pond that once reached to where the village now is, is fast disappear- ing, and a few years hence will no doubt be terra fir ma. The surface is uneven, but the soil is fertile. There are some fine dairy farms along the river, and the hill farms are well adapted to wheat raising. The timber is mostly hard wood, with some spruce, hem- lock and fir. Rocks, argillaceous slate, soapstone and marble. There were three divisions of land in this township; the ist div., the north half of that portion of the town lying east of this valley; the 2d div., the south half; the 3d div., the western side of the town. The 1st and 2d contain 100 acres ; the 3d, 136. The first road laid in town was in 1 799, from Warren line down to the first branch of White River, to the north line of Kings- ton (now Granville) . Next, on the hill west of said branch, from Kingston, until it joins the branch road toward Warren. The third road led from Samuel Richard- son's house by John Stafford's and Wil- cox's to Warren ; Samson Nichols survey- or. In 1802, the road through the mid- dle of the town, from Northfield to Brook- field, was laid out, 6 rods wide. A road was surveyed from Northfield to Brook- field through the east part of the town, in 1802. In 1806, the road was laid from Samuel Smith's on East Hill, by Wm. Gold's to east part of the town. These are a few of the first roads surveyed in town. The first town meeting was held at the house of Jedediah Huntington ; the warn- ing was dated at Williamstown, Mar. 12, 1796, signed by Joseph Crane, justice of the peace, and the meeting was held Mar. 25, 1796; when following the town officers were elected in Roxbury : Joseph Crane, moderator; Thomas Huntington, clerk: Samuel Richardson, Isaac Lewis, Jedediah Huntington, selectmen; David Cram, treasurer : Jonathan Huntington, consta- ble ; David Cram and Thomas Hunting- ton, listers ; Samuel Richardson and Christopher Huntington, highway survey- ors. The sum total of the grand list at this time was ^165 and 15s. Zebediah Butler was first town representative ; he resided south of what is known as E. K. Young's place. The first warning for freeman's meeting was in 1797. Record of t]ie 7neetiiig: The freemen of Roxbury, all to a man, met at the house of Jedediah Huntington, in said town, ac- cording to warning, when the freeman's oath was duly aduiinistered by the town clerk to the following men : Christopher Huntington, Roswell Adams, Isaac Lewis, David Cram, John Stafford, Benoni Web- ster, Jedediah Huntington, Perus Hunt- ington, Benjamin Hunter, Jr., Daniel Cor- bin, Chester Batchelder. The freemen voted as follows : For Gov., 736 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Isaac Tichenor 9, Nathaniel Niles 4, Paul Brigham i : Lieut. Gov., Paul Brigham 10, Nathaniel Niles 3; Treas., Samuel Mattocks 14 ; for counsellors, Elisha Allen 11, Cornelius Lynde 10, Elias Stevens 9, Jonas Galusha 2, Joel Marsh 9, Reuben Hatch 2, Martin Chittenden 2, Joseph Hubbard i, Ebenezer Walbridge 4, John French 6. Thomas Huntington, town clerk. Freeman's oath had previously been ad- ministered to Samuel Richardson, Thomas and Jonathan Huntington. There were just 14 voters in town, at that time. In Mar., 1799, voted that from Apr. i to May 20, it shall not be lawful for sheep or swine to run at large on the commons or high- ways, and if willfuly or negligently allowed to run, the owners thereof shall pay double damages. When there were neither high- ways or commons, even passable for swine or sheep ! They also voted, at the same time, that Joseph Newton should have approba- tion to retail liquors to travellers the ensu- ing year. For all their privations or hard struggles, these early settlers seemed to have a vein of drollery and fun underlying all. In 1802, they called a meeting to see if the town would vote to set the small pox in town. Not wanting it, voted to dissolve the meeting. Sept. 12, 1803, called a meeting to see if the town would vote to set up inoculation of small pox in towji ; did not want it, and dissolved the meeting. In 1806, voted to raise 7 mills on a dollar for the purpose of buying sur- veying implements. Chose Samuel Rob- ertson surveyor for the town — to have the use of the instruments for doing the sur- veying for said town. A compass and chain was bought, a very good one for those times, and is still the property of the town. In 18 II, voted to set off the east part of the town to Brookfield. Voted to petition the general assembly at their next session to be annexed to Jefferson Co., (now Washington). To be stingy and small with their neighbors did not seem to be a fault with them. On record, Jan. 26, 1799, -'I, Samuel Richardson, in consideration of the love and good will I bear to my well respected friend, Polly Corbin, gave her a deed of 20 acres of land. " First land tax in town : Petitioned to the legislature for a land tax in 1796. The legislature, then in session at Windsor, raised a tax of one cent on an acre of land in said town. The "delinquents'' lands to be sold the 8th clay of May, 1798, at David Cram's dwelling-house, by David Cram, constable. July 31, '98, vendue sale of lands at Jed- ediah Huntington's, by Abel Lyman, col- lector. First deed upon the land recoris : from Asa Huntington to Daniel Kingsbury, da- ted at Brookfield, Sept. 3, 1794, recorded Mar. 24, 1796. In June, 1812, called a meeting to see if the town would provide arms, amunition and equipments for the soldiers who have this day volunteered in the service of their country as minute men. Voted that the monthly pay of each minute man should be raised three dollars per month, while in actual service, payable in grain or neat stock. Voted to deposit magazine and public arms at the dwelling-house of Elijah Ellis, the town having received gun pow- der and lead. In 1816, voted to set off 4 tiers of lots on east side of town, to form a separate town with part of Brookfield. Passed the same vote in 1827, and seems to have been dropped there, as there is no farther recoid of the matter. Christopher Huntington was the first settler. He came to the east part of the town, and built the first house, where O. A. Thayer now lives. He came from Mansfield, Conn., where his children were born, but had resided in Norwich a short time before coming here. He also preach- ed the first sermon in town, to a small but no doubt appreciative audience. He -was a Universalist minister, and as the town became settled, preached in various places. Mr. Huntington drew his goods into town on a hand-sled on bare ground, and with the other early settlers, endured pri- vations hard to realize from the stand- point of to-day. His daughter, Lydia, died Jan. 23, 1792, at the age of 17, the first death in town. Mr. Huntington re- moved to Canada in 1804. The Mr. Huntington vvbo recently died in Canada, bequeathing $25,000 to the State of Ver- mont, is said to be one of his sons. Another son was several years a Baptist preacher in Braintree. / ROXBURY. 1Z7 SAMUEL RICHARDSON was the first to settle in the west part of the town. He was born in Stafford, Conn., June 13, 1750, and was a veteran of the Revolutionary War, having "been out'' nearly half the war^ His wife, Susanna Pinney, was born July, 1749. After their marriage, they came to Randolph and set- tled. When the Indians burned Royal- ton, they passed through Randolph and burned the house next to theirs, but it be- ing somewhat retired, they probably did not discern it. Mr. R. came to this town in 1790, and built a small log-house near where the watch factory now stands, and returned home to come back again in the early spring with his son, Uriah, whom tradition has it, brought a five-pail iron- kettle on his back through the deep snow, with marked trees for roads. A niece of his has injured the story, by declaring her ancestor to have been a brave lad and a willing one, but that he was not a Hercu- les, and it was really a seven-pail brass- kettle. Well, even that seems almost in- credible, considering the distance, and roads. After the sugar-making was well begun, Mr. Richardson returned to Ran- dolph, leaving his son alone in the wilder- ness for 6 weeks. No one to speak to, no daily or weekly paper ; but the solemn hoot of the owl, the lonesome winds through the trees, the howling of the hun- gry wolves about his cabin, as he said, made weird music, not exactly conducive to sleep. But his father came with the rest of the family as soon as snow was gone. There are said to have been several reasons why Mr. Richardson moved into this wild- erness. One, he was greatly averse to his children marrying, and his sons were be- coming sturdy young men, and his daugh- ters tall and handsome. And he was not the only one who seemed to realize the fact. Beaux would drop in of an evening ; the little by-play on the old settle by the fireplace — naming the rosy-cheeked apples, and comparing them to the not less rosy cheeks of the maidens, going on under pater familias' eye, not unnoticed ; no sym- pathetic chord in his heart vibrating to the echo of "long ago," when he leaned over the gate, and made love to the fair Susanna after escorting her home from spelling-school, away down in old Con- necticut. To keep the necks of his off- spring out of the "noose," he reflected the surest way was to get them where beaux and belles were not, and removed his fam- ily to the wilderness ; but even there, four of them out-generalled him at last. His eldest daughter, Sarah, and Chester Batch- elder, Jan. 27, 1799, by Israel Converse, justice of the peace, were made one, and this was the first marriage in town. Hannah , taking courage from the example of her elder sister, married Peter S. P. Staples. Lydia married Charles Cotton, hesitating- ly, not swiftly, as lovely maidens should be expected to wed — her lithe form had lost some of its willowy grace, her cheek its first youthful bloom ; she was a bride of 45 summers. Samuel married Sally Ellis. Half his children were gone, but by the care and admonitions of this tender sire, half his family were still preserved, four perpetually saved from marriage fate. That the "females" of this unmated half of the Richardson family were able to care for themselves, and give a helping hand to the weak of the stronger sex, the following proveth : "Tim" Emmerson had a large amount of grain to be harvest- ed, and no help to be had at any price ; it was already over-ripe ; Susan and Mary Richardson, who were noted for thrift, and disliked to see anything go to waste, offer- ' ed, if their brother would accompany them, to give the poor man a lift. The men folk smiled as the resolute damsels came into the field, but as the golden grain fell before their gleaming sickles, and was dex- terously bound and placed in stooks by their deft hands, the men hung their di- minished heads, and the perspiration coursed down their brown cheeks as they vainly strove to keep pace with their fair reapers. Before night tradition saith each masculine had fallen meekly to the rear. Mary and Susan sheared their own sheep, and if occasion required, could chop off" a 2 foot log as soon as most men. Susan Richardson was once going home from "squire" Robertson's, through the 93 738 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. woods. She heard a strange cry as of some one in distress. It was growing dusk, the sound came nearer and nearer ; she could see it was gaining upon her at every step. She was a very courageous person, not easily scared, but as those quick, sharp screams fell upon her ears, the grass didn't grow under her feet until she reached the clearing ; but, once out of the woods, she gathered her sheep into a place of safety before she sought shelter for herself. It was found, the next day, a catamount had followed her ; his tracks were plainly visible in the soft earth. It had followed her to the edge of the woods, which reached nearly to her house. At another time, she, with a friend who was visiting her, went to a neighbor's for an " afternoon tea." It was late before they got started for home, and all the way through the woods. They heard the dis- mal howling of wolves. Susan knew the sound very well, but her friend, unused to pioneer life, had no idea, and wondered, as Susan took her babe from her arms and hurried rapidly forward. When they reach- ed the clearing, and Susan had gathered in her sheep, and they were safe in the house, she told her friend it was wolves they had heard, and they would surely have got her baby had they not quickened their pace. A grand-daughter of Mrs. Richardson's told me another little incident that occur- red when she was a child of twelve. Her- self and a younger brother were in the woods gathering flowers, they had wander- ed some ways farther than they were aware, the sister was wakened to a realiz- ing sense of it when she spied, but a few feet from them, a large white-faced bear, erect on his hind paws, coming towards them. Not wishing to frighten her broth- er, who was very timid, and fearing he would be overcome with terror, she took him by the hand and strove to hurry him away; but no, just a few more flowers, he said. He was determined not to go home. " See there," said she, pointing to the bear, who stood contemplating the situa- tion. The boy beheld, and gave so terrific a scream, that the bear turned and fled as fast as his clumsy limbs could carry him, preferring to go without his supper to mak- ing it off" a boy who could scream so loud. Another reason given (to return to Mr. Richardson's reasons for coming to this town), was that when the bass viol was carried into church at Randolph, it was more than his orthodox nerves could stand, and he preferred the primeval forest, "God's own temple," with the birds to sing anthems of praise, and no profane, new-fangled instrument, made by the hand of man, with which to worship God for him. He was a Congregationalist deacon, and his wife was a member of the Baptist church. They lived in their log-house only about a year, and then moved farther up, where they built the first framed house in town — where Julius Kent now lives — many years afterwards sold to Jonathan Burroughs, and moved near the village, and is the frame of Mrs. Martell's house. Mr. Richardson built a saw and grist- mill above where Mr. Kent now lives, and a larger house leading to the S. E. Spaul- ding place. A grand-daughter of theirs, who is now 79 years of age, and who spent much of her childhood with them, tells me Mr. Pinney, the father of her grand- mother Richardson, was high in the es- teem of King George, and was commis- sioned by him to attend to a great deal of business for His Majesty in New England. GEORGE the Third, by the Grace of GOD of Great B?'itain, France and Ireland, KING, Defender of the Faith, &c. To all to whom these Presents shall come. Greeting. Know Ye, That We have assigned, constituted and appointed, and by these Presents do assign, constitute and appoint Our trusty and well beloved Subject, Isaac Pinney, Esq,, to be Judge of Our Court of Probate, to be holden within the District of Stafford, in our Colony of Connecticut, in JVew England, with the Assistance of a Clerk, to hold our said Court of Probate of Wills, granting of Administration, ap- pointing and allowing of Guardians, with full Power to act in all Matters proper for a prerogative Court. In Testimony ivhereof. We have caused the Seal of Our said Colony to be hereunto afiixed. Witness, Jonathan Trumbull, Esq., Governor of our said Colony of Connecticut , and with the Consent of the ROXBURY. 739 General Assembly of the same in Hart- ford, this first Day of June, in the 13th Year of Our Reign, Anitoqi/e Dotnini, One Thousand Seven Hundred and Seventy- three. By His Honor's Command, JON'A. TRUMBULL, Gov. George Wyllys, Sec'y. At one time he received important mes- sages from the King, and although he had six clerks, he took his daughter, afterward Mrs. R., from school as his private secre- tary. His daughters were all taught the science of medicine, and Mrs. R. attended to the sick in this town before other phy- sicians came in, and some afterwards, going about on horseback, with a heavy riding dress for unpleasant weather. She never shrank where duty called, and not expecting other recompense than the grat- itude of those she served ; for in those primitive days the few inhabitants were not burdened with riches, and were neigh- borly to each other. One fall, seeing the destitution around them, Mr. R. took a yoke of oxen to Wil- liamstown, exchanged them for potatoes, and divided them among the destitute, taking his pay in work as they could do it. Mrs. Richardson at this time gave her family two meals per day, with a cup of milk for supper, giving what they saved by so doing to the needy ones. Living on the road that crossed the mountain to Warren, the glimmer of light from their windows was often a most wel- come sight to the benighted traveler. A man overtaken by night, with intense cold and darkness, crawled on his hands and knees for miles, fearing he should lose the track that led to their house, knowing if he did he must perish. Large, warm hearts these people had, with a hand ever out reached to help any poorer than them- selves. Their noble charities, their ex- emplary Christian characters amid all the struggles and hardships of pioneer life, are most worthy of imitation. They, with their children, all of whom reached ma- turity, now rest in the old burying-ground, near the residence of O. A. Staples. DAVID CRAM, one of the next to come into town, was from Lyndsboro, N. H. His son, Philip, born Mar. 18, 1795, was the first male child born in town. Lydia Huntington, daughter of Jedediah H., got four days start of him, so the honor of being the first child born in town rests upon her. Whether she is living, I am unable to say ; but Philip Cram married Abigail Heath, of Randolph, and is now living in Brook- field. Daniel Corbin came from Randolph about this time, and Isaac Lewis, David, Robert and Jonathan Cram located on farms now owned by Messrs. Chatterton, Bowman and Orra Boyce. Benoni Webster came, in 1798, I think, from Connecticut, and located on the place now occupied by James Steele. Mr. Web- ster came from Connecticut with an ox- team, rather a slow mode of conveyance for the distance, but " patience and perse- verance" were household words in those days. The "blue laws'' did not allow people to be moving on Sunday in the old state, and Mr. Webster was stopped in a small village to give an account of him- self. He declared it was against his principles to be traveling on the Sabbath, but his wife had been exposed to the small pox, and he was in great haste to get to his journey's end. He was allowed to pass on. His oldest son, Charles, born in Connecticut, married Eleanor P. Ryder, and settled in the east part of this town, where his second son, Aaron, now resides, and is the only one of the family in the State. Charles Webster was killed by being thrown from his carriage in 1834. Benoni Webster, the youngest of the family, is still living, at an advanced age, in North- field. He was born in a barn, not a mod- ern affair, but an old log-barn. Whether he was cradled in a manger, tradition saith not. One of the children being so ill he could endure no noise, to secure him the quiet needed to save his life, the rest of the family moved into the barn, with the exception of one to nurse the sick child, and there they remained until he was restored to health, which was over a year. 740 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. JOEL HILDRETH came to this township in the autumn of 1797, from Cornish, N. H., and boarded with a family who lived on the farm now owned by G. L. Walbridge, while he built his log-house on the place now owned by Mr. George Williams, who purchased of Mr. Hildreth's grand-son, Samuel A. Hil- dreth, a few years since. One morning soon after Mr. Hildreth was settled in his cabin, he heard a rooster crow to the east- ward, and as the ringing notes came across the wooded valley, it fell upon his ears like music. He followed that " crow" for four or five miles, and at last found his new neighbors in Northfield, near where William Winch now resides. Mr. Hildreth. with his tnisty rifle, was a terror to the denizens of the forest, hav- ing, to use his own words, " unbuttoned many a bear's shirt collar." Upon one oc- casion returning late in the evening from his day's work, he heard a bear clambering down a tree close at hand. He could hear his claws clinging in the bark, and could just discern in the darkness the dim out- lines of his unwieldy figure. He was alone in the forest, a great ways from home ; thoughts of the dear ones there awaiting him nerved his arm. He dealt the bear a powerful blow with his ax, and fled. Returning next morning to the "scene of carnage," they found he had decapitated a huge hedge-hog, and pinned him to the tree with his ax. Mr. Hildreth resided on the place he had cleared up until his death in 1844. WILLIAM GOLD, known as Deacon Gold, came to town with Samuel Robertson, and after working for him one year, bought a piece of land, a mile east of Dog river, and built a log- cabin. This is where he had a famous bear fight. The bears had been making havoc with the Deacon's cornfield, and he swore a "pious oath" [made a pious re- solve would be better for a deacon] , the thieves should be captured. A trap was devised that none but a very wise bear would fail of walking straight into, for a taste of the tempting bait. The bear that came was not a wise one, for when the Deacon appeared on the ground next morning, bright and early, sure enough there was a great surly fellow, with one of his hind paws fast in the trap. The Deacon seized a club and ru.shed forward, old bruin equally ready and delighted with an interview, striking the club from his hand like a flash, cordially clasped the Deacon in his furry arms, and had about squeezed the life out of him, when the hired man, Paddleford, came to the rescue with an axe. "Don't cut the hide!" gasped the Deacon, as bruin clasped him in a still more fervid embrace. The hide was cut in several places before the poor Deacon was released, who, though " pure grit," came out of the combat in a sadly demol- ished condition, and carried the marks ot bear teeth and claws to his grave. From yohn Gregory's History of Northfield. DEA. WILLIAM GOLD, born in Springfield, Mass., Oct. 30, 1780; came to Roxbury in 1801, and settled upon one of the highest mountains in that town. He was a deacon of the Baptist church. Any one at this day looking the mountain land over where he located, can see under what discouraging circumstances this early settler was placed. In 1847, he removed to Northfield. He married Annevera Dewey, who was born in 1780; had 7 children: Annevera, Wil- liam, Sherman, Buel, Joseph, Mary, Sophia, all born in Roxbury. Deacon Gold died in 1859; Mrs. Gold in 1856. JOHN B. CRANDALL moved into town in 1804; was eccentric, quite a pettifogger, and always called "Judge." One time, having a lawsuit, he became disgusted with his counsel, con- sidered an able lawyer, paid him off" and dismissed him before the suit was fairly commenced, plead his own case, and won it. Another time he went to Waitsfield to take charge of a lawsuit. Knowing his opponent, an attorney from Montpelier, to be extremely fastidious in his tastes and manner of dress, he chose the other ex- treme, an awfully shabby coat, and trow- sers that suggested the idea that some time in an earlier stage of existence they ROXBURY. 741 had been the property of a Methodist preacher — they had certainly done a great deal of knee service — a dilapidated hat, a boot on one foot, an old shoe on the other, completed his outfit. The fine gentleman strutting back and forth in dignity, won- dered why Mr. Crandall did not arrive, when some one turning to Mr. C, intro- duced them. The Montpelier attorney looked at Mr. C, surprise and contempt expressed in every feature. " What, that creature P"" he at last blurted out ; "why, he don't know enough to say boo to a goose." The " Judge " drew his grotesque figure to its full height, made a low bow, and said " boo ! " very emphatically in the face of the offended lawyer, which brought down the house, and the sleek gentleman was yet more discomfited when he lost his case, and the "Judge" won the laurels he had anticipated. Mr. CrandalPs widow married Jonathan Lamson, of Fayston, where she died a few years since, at the advanced age of 108. (See History of Fayston.) LEWIS CHATFIELD came to town in 1810, and settled on the farm now occupied by his son, Lewis. He was a man of peculiarities, but sterling worth. He, like many of the early set- tlers, had a hard struggle to feed and clothe his family. One winter he fortu- nately captured a huge bear, whose meat and lard kept grim want from the door till spring. He made a business of hop rais- ing the last 40 years, and through indus- try and frugality, acquired a competence. He died in 1880, aged 94. BILLA WOODARD came from Tolland, Conn., in 1802; set- tled on East Hill, and was for many years engaged in the manufacture of saddle-trees, and the only one in New England for a long time in that business. HON. CHARLES SAMSON came here in 1810. Z. S. Stanton, in his Historical Centennial Address, thus speaks of him : He accompanied his father, Benjamin Franklin, who wasa veteran of the Revolu- tion, and participated in the battle of Lex- ington and Bunker Hill. Mr. Samson bought the place where L. A. Rood now lives. The previous oc- cupant was Dr. Stafford, who kept a tav- ern, and the first in town. Charles Sam- son settled where Mr. Wetmore lives. He has been closely identified with the affairs of this town ever since, and is still per- mitted to be with us. He has represented the town in the legislature of the State for 13 sessions, and has held many other im- portant positions in the town and county. It was owing to his exertions that Roxbury was transferred from Orange to Washing- ton County, in 1820. In those days the main road through the west part of the town, which was also the stage road, led from where A. J. Averill now lives past where the residences of W. I. Simonds and S. G. Stanton now are, and intercepted the mountain road near where Mrs. Brack- ett now lives, thence up where the present road is as far as the old mill above Royal Batchelder's house, and then past the pres- ent residence of O. A. Staples, down to the " Branch road," where Samuel Ed- wards now lives. From here it followed its present course. There was also a road through the eastern part of the town, and also the central part, where E. K. Young now resides. Elijah Ellis lived where Mrs. Brackett now does. He built the house at this place, and it was the first house built in town that was arranged for the use of stoves, I am informed. He had no fireplace or "stack of chimneys," as they were called, and people thought it a great departure from the old ways. He built the first clover-mill that was erected in this town, on the site now occupied by S. N. Miller's carriage-shop. He also erected a saw-mill at this place. BENONI WEBSTER, (BY A. WEBSTER.) A native of Connecticut, brought his fam- ily to Roxbury in the spring of 1797. He had previously lived in Hartland, Vt., a few years. He settled in the N. E. part of the tbwn on lot No. 3, of the Lst range, now owned by James Steele, which he had bought in 1796, then an unbroken wilderness. His first house was logs, roofed with bark, and floored with split bass wood, smoothed with an axe. In 18 10, he built a large framed- house, making the rooms about 2 feet higher than it was usual to make them at that time, so that "Uncle Sam Metcalf (of Royalton), could stand up in them with his hat on." The doors were also made unusually high, so that his wife's tall rela- 742 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. tions could come in without stooping, as he said. He was the first to plant fruit trees in town, a large apple orchard, and pear and plum trees in the garden being among his earlier improvements. It is said that at the time of the mem- orable great November snow-storm, the effects of which may still be seen in our forests in bent and distorted trees, while the family were at dinner, the young apple trees were discovered to be breaking down beneath the fast accumulating snow, and the boys left their bowls of " hominy and milk" to shake the apple trees, which were saved only by repeating the shaking at short intervals through the afternoon and evening. In 1804, his entire stock of cattle, con- sisting of a yoke of 4-years-old oxen and of 2 cows, were bitten by a mad dog that came along, and all died and were buried in one hole together. Mr. Webster died Jan. 8, 1823, aged 60 years, 9 months, 21 days, leaving a wife, who died in 1838, aged 66 years, and 6 sons and 4 daughters, all of whom lived to have families of their own. Of these but two, Edmund Webster, of Randolph, and Benoni Webster, of Northfield, are known to be now living ; but the descendants of the third and fourth generations are widely scattered through the country from New Hampshire in the East to California in the West, and from Minnesota in the north to Texas in the South ; but one family, that of the writer, being left in Roxbury. Charles webster. BY A. WEBSTER. Charles, oldest son of Benoni and Sally Metcalf Webster, was born June 5, 1790, at Lebanon Parish, Conn., and came to Roxbury with his father when 7 years old, and was educated in the common schools of district No. i and the home college by his father's hearth, reading by the light of the open fire during the autumn and winter evenings. It was his custom to keep a supply of birch bark to furnish light when the usual fire was insufficient. Being the oldest boy and large of his age, he was his father's chief assistant in clearing away the forest and making a cul- tivated farm. One of his recreations at this time was fishing in the stream that runs through the valley half a mile north of his father's farm, where the brook trout were so abundant that he often hired one of the Adams boys to help him carry his fish up the hill, home. The wolves made havoc with the sheep of the neighborhood, and he and the Gallup boys devised a plan to capture them. They built a conical pen of saplings, about 6 feet high, and placed in it a couple of lambs to entice the wolves into the trap, shrewdly calculating while it would be easy for the wolves to run up the inclined sides and leap down into the pen, it would not be so easy for them, after gorging with mutton, to leap out. Sanguine of success, they visited the trap every morning, expecting to find a large pack of fierce wolves safely corraled and howling with rage. This for several mornings. At length, one morning when they came to inspect, beginning to wonder why the wolves were so slow in getting in ; the trap seemed to be empty. No lambs appeared skipping around within, and after a close examination, there appeared only a few bones and shreds of wool. The wolves had doubtless climbed upon the shoulders of each other and got out. Their two lambs were gone for nought. Not to be foiled in this way, the boys immediately built a much stronger and higher pen, but the wolves were not heard from afterwards, and it was supposed they left the place in dis- gust. He commenced teaching school when quite young, and followed it for fourteen winters, acquiring such a reputation as a teacher and disciplinarian that his services were often sought for in schools where other teachers had failed. On one occasion, it is said that some large boys burned his ferule, and made other preparations for carrying him out, as they had a previous teacher. The game commenced promptly, but a leg hastily wrenched from a bench did such effective service that there was no further use for instnuTients of discipline during that term. ROXBURY. 743 In Aug. 1823, he married Eleanor P. Ryder, and settled on his farm in East Roxbury, half a mile below the mills where his son, Aaron, now resides, where he lived till the next spring, when, having bought a part of the farm of his father's estate, he moved on to it, and lived there until the spring of 1830, when he returned to his first farm, where he lived until his death, Nov. 5, 1834. About 1830, he raised from his famous " Wild Air" mare twin colts, of which he was proud ; but one of which, a noble and powerful animal, but skittish and uncon- trollable when frightened, was the occasion of his instantaneous death, by being thrown from his wagon in the night, near the Peck farm in Brookfield. He had often ex- pressed a presentiment that he should die by accident, and was the last of three cousins, the oldest sons of three sisters, to be killed instantly by accident. SPAULDING FAMILY. Darius Spaulding was from Plainfield, Conn., married Hannah Ingraham from Providence, R. I. They had a number of children when they came here, in 1799. Mr. Spaulding came in the fall, slashed a piece, built a log-house, and moved his family the next spring. Nearly, and per- haps all the Spauldings in town at the present day, and they are very numerous, are descendants of Darius and Hannah Spaulding. They reared a family of 8 sons and 3 daughters. Gilbert, the eldest, married Renda Mc Clure, moved to New York, and died at the ripe age of 90. He was a gieat chop- per, even for those days, when all were supposed to know how to wield an ax. It is said 8 cords only made him a fair day's work, nothing at all to boast of. Darius Jr. married Betsey Spaulding, and they lived and died at a good old age, in Roxbury. Two of their sons still live in town, Charles and Samuel. John, the 3d son of Darius Sen., mar- ried Betsey McClure, of Stafford, Conn. They commenced keeping hotel in 1822, near where Julius Kent now lives. They had also a saw and grist-mill. Mr. Burnham, merchant at Roxbury vil- lage, says, when a small boy, he went there ^ with his grist, and Mrs. Spaulding who was an energetic little woman, took his grain, carried it into the mill, ground it and brought it back to him. Mr. Spaulding built the Summit House in 1830, where he remained until a few years previous to his death, in 1864. His widow is still living, hale and happy, loved and respected. Her friends celebrated her 90th birth-day the 9th of last Sept. [1881.] She has had 5 children, all of whom are living, Erastus N. Billings, Mrs. P. Wiley, Mrs. Brackett and Mrs. A. N. Tilden. All living in their native town, clustered about their aged mother. Philip married Polly Nichols, of North- field, is now living in Hermon, N. Y., 84 years of age. Erastus, the 4th son, built the house where Dea. Edwards now lives, and kept a hotel there several years. He married a widow, Whitcomb, by name, from Waits- field. They removed to DeKalb, N. Y., where he died a short time since, at an ad- vanced age. Allen was their first child, born in this town in 1804, and married Hannah Sam- son in 1828 ; moved on to the Rood place, and kept a small store 3 years ; then built a store in the village, which he occupied for 10 years, near the R. R. crossing, where Geo. Butterfield now resides. He represented the town 4 years. He enlist- ed, in '61, in Co. H, 6 Vt. Reg., as major; was appointed sergeant with captain's pay. At one time during the war, he was or- dered to take a small squad of men, and go in search of cattle for beef, as it had been a long time the regiment had subsisted on salt meat and "hard tack." They travelled till nearly night before they got track of what they were in quest of, and they found themselves 25 miles from camp in the en- emy's territory. Being told a woman near by owned a fine flock of sheep, he took a couple of men and called on her. She with her two daughters sat on a rustic seat in a beautiful garden, surrounded with the appearances of wealth and luxury. He made known his errand, when out of her mouth poured a torrent of oaths and the 744 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. coarsest invectives that he had ever heard a woman utter, abusing him and the Union army in general. A servant rode up on an elegant horse, and dismounting, asked his mistress " if she knew she was addressing Union officers?" She said she knew it very well. The Major informed her he came to buy her sheep, but as she had none to sell to " Union men," he should take them without if they suited him, and ordering one of his men to mount the horse her servant had just dismounted from, they rode otf", amid the hysterical screams of the mother and daughters. They camped for the night on an old planta- tion, about 2 miles from there, but had pickets out to keep an eye on the move- ments of the enemy. After all was quiet at the plantation, 200 mounted darkies came, and attempted to retake the widow's property, but at the first crack of a rifle, they " skedaddled." The Major got back to camp with 25 head of fat cattle, and pre- sented the beautiful pony to the Colonel. At another time there were 100 men sick, and the surgeon said they would all die unless they had milk. The Major was ordered to take 10 men and go and buy milk for the sick. They went to a planta- tion where 100 cows were kept, just as they were coming off the ranche to be milked. They asked to buy milk for sick soldiers. The surly old fellow said he had " no milk to sell Union soldiers." The Major went back, got a permit from the Provost Marshal, and was there early the next morning; selected 10 fine cows, and in spite of the old gentleman's pro- testing, drove them to camp. The sick had milk freely, and when they were or- dered to Florida, in 6 weeks from that time, every man but one was able to go. The Major turned over his dairy to the Provost Marshal, according to army regu- lations, and the surly old fellow who would not sell milk to sick soldiers, never re- covered his lost kine. So carefully did Major Spaulding look after the interests of the soldiers, he was called the father of the regiment. He is now living, hale and hearty, at the age of ']'], and the oldest person living but one who was born in town, and has lived there the most part of his life. SAMUEL ROBERTSON, (BY OUAMEL RICHARDSON.) Son of Patrick and Elizabeth Robertson, natives of Scotland, was born in New London, Ct., Aug. 18, 1775. He lost his father when quite young. His mother married again, and lived in Stafford, Ct., where he lived till he came to this town. Aug. 1 80 1, he married Persis Richardson, of Tolland, Ct., and the next March they moved here, on to the place now owned by John Cumins, on East Hill. Their first business after getting settled was sugaring. They made 16 pounds, their stock of sugar for that year. There were only five or six families in that part of the town. Mr. Samuel Rich- ardson had a few years before begun a set- tlement in the extreme west part of the town, and that at this time was the "center" of civilization, and here Mr. Robertson taught a school during the winter of 1802 and '3. The school-house was the first framed building in town, and stood very nearly where the Royal Batchelder house now does. He had 68 scholars, and the room being small, they were packed like " herrings in a box," and came from five or six miles around in different directions. He lived some 3 miles dis- tant, and walked to and from his school each day through the deep snows, with no track most of the way except what he made himself. He taught here two or three succeeding winters, and during the time moved into the school-house he had occu- pied, and lived there a few years, when he bought the land now owned by Hira G. Ellis, and made a permanent settlement, clearing up the forests and erecting com- fortable buildings. His house was on the old road leading by where Dea. W. I. Simonds and S. G. Stanton now live. He moved his buildings, about 1834, down on to the county road, where they now stand. Here he lived until within 12 years of his death. He possessed a vigorous mind, and was very fond of investigation and argument, ROXBURY. 745 especially on religious subjects. His house was known far and wide as the "minister's tavern," and ministers of all "evangelical sects" usuall}' made it their home when in that vicinity, and nothing suited him better than to have some stiff Baptist or Calvinist stop over night. On all such oc- casions, as soon as supper was over, chores done and candles lighted, the gauntlet was sure to be thrown down, and then came the " tug of war" — generally the old clock in the " square room" struck twelve before the battle ceased, and then only from ex- haustion, and never because either party considered themselves vanquished. He was a great reader, and never failed or feared to express his opinion on any sub- ject up for public discussion, and never failed to cast his vote every year after he attained his majority until his death. He was once in the state of New York, teach- ing, when an election occurred, and altho' but a temporary resident of the state, so great was his interest in the election, he purchased a piece of land for the sole pur- pose of being qualified to vote (a property qualification being then necessary in that state). He held many town offices in the early part of his life, but was rather too pro- nounced and positive in his opinions of men and measures to be "popular" in po- litical circles. He took an active part in the first temperance movement which agi- tated New England. He had previous to that time been a temperate user of ardent spirits, but when the subject was presented to him, he at once gave it his unqualified support, and conferring " not with flesh and blood," he banished every drop from his house, and going farther, he abandon- ed the use of tobacco, breaking a habit of 30 years standing. There is an anecdote about his using tobacco : Some 60 years ago, Moses Claf- lin, a simple man who lived in this town, who occasionally made his home with Mr. R., one evening sat by the fire in a " brown study," and Esq. Roberston sat opposite, quietly chewing, and now and then spitting into the broad fireplace. At last Moses looked up and asked, "Squire, what did you learn to chew tobaker for?" Mr. Roberston replied, " Oh, so's to be a gentleman." Moses studied the matter a moment and with great gravity replied, " W'al, ye did'nt make out, did ye?" Mrs. Roberston died Dec, 1859, after a married life of almost 60 years, during which she had borne her full share of the duties and cares of their lot. Twice after they came to Vermont she made the journey to the home of her youth in Connecticut on horseback, a feat our lady equestrians of to-day would hardly care to undertake. Ever after the death of his wife, Mr. R. seemed to lose his hold of things earthly, and to be quietly waiting for the realiza- tion of the faith which had been an anchor to him and his comjianion during their long pilgrimage together. He was a life- long Christian. He maintained his mental faculties to a remarkable degree up to within a few weeks of his death, and was during his latter years very cheerful, very grateful for kindnesses he received, and at last passed away as an infant sinks to slumber, beloved by all who knew him, Sept. 6, 1872, aged 97 years, 19 days. Seth Richardson came here in 1802; settled near Braintree, in the south part of the town; died May 25, 1829, and Sarah, his wife, died July i, 1836. Their chil- dren were: Phila, Hannah, Joel, Alva. JosiAH Shaw came to town in 1800; lived in the East part, and was quite a prominent man. Henry Boyce, son of Dr. Boyce, was also a prominent man in the East part of the town. He died in i860. Jonathan F. Ruggles was a resident of the east part of the town, and perhaps no man enjoyed in a greater degree the confidence of his fellow-townsmen, there being no office of importance but he had at some time filled. He died in North- field. alvin brigham came here when a young man, about the year 1823, from Fayston. He was born in Old Marlborough, Mass., and a brother of Elisha Brigham (for whose bio- graphical sketch see Fayston, this vol.) Alvin Brigham married Flora Baxter, of 94 746 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Fayston. They moved on to the present Wetmore place. He was a man scrupu- lously honest, a leader in the church, and for many years leader of the choir. They had 9 children. The eldest son, Ozro, fell in the last war. Don, the youngest son, served through the rebellion, but died a short time after his return. Bravely like a true soldier he yielded up his young life with- out a murmur, when life was fairest ; ere the clouds had dimmed the horizon of his sky, bade them all- his dear ones — a smiling "good-bye," and went out into the great " unknown." Two other children died during an ep- idemic of fever — Flora Ann, i8, and Al- phonso, 14 years of age. One son and three daughters now reside in Lowell, Mass., and the second son, William, lives in the edge of Northfield. Mr. Brigham was a great sufferer for several years be- fore his death. When the summons came, and told he might live an hour, he said, "O! can I wait so long before I shall.be with my Father?" He died in 1871 ; his wife survived him only a few months. EBENEZER L. WATERMAN is one of the early — not earliest — settlers. He came from Connecticut, as did most of them, but when he was very small. He has been a great musician in his day, and people are scarce in Central Vermont who have not heard of " LIncle Eb." Waterman and his violin. And even now, when he is between 80 and 90 years of age, the young people delight to gather in " Uncle Eb.'s" ample kitchen, and " tri^D the light fantastic toe," or listen to the still sweet strains of his old violin. At the age of 45 he married a wife of 18. They had 6 children. Bert Waterman, leader of the Howard Opera House Orchestra at Burlington, is his only living son, and probably has not his peer in the State as violin player. ORCUTT FAMILY. Capt. Job came from Stafford, Conn., in 1803; was a carpenter by trade. He set- tled on the high lands then, and for many years, the centre of the town. He had 7 sons and 4 daughters. Samuel M. Orcutt, with whom he spent his declining years, was one of the stirring business men of those times, hold- ing various important ofifices from time to time. He was town clerk for 20 years, and town meetings were held at his house for a long time. At the time of the " in- vasion " at Plattsburgh in 1812, he went out as Captain of Roxbury Co. (said com- pany including every man in town except- ing Samuel Richardson, who much re- gretted that he was too aged, and Job Orcutt, a lame man.) Capt. Samuel Or- cutt married Mary Buel, of Lebanon, Conn., and the bride came to her new home on horseback. They reared a family of 7 boys and 2 girls. The eldest daughter married Wm. Gold, of Northfield, where she now resides. Samuel A. received an injury while assisting at a "raising," from a falling timber, from which he never recovered. He died in 1835. Benjamin F. went to Michigan just pre- vious to the Mexican war ; enlisted and served through the war ; returned to Kal- amazoo, Mich., where he was eletted county sheriflT, and filled that office many years. When the rebellion broke out, he again enlisted, and went out as Lieut. Col. of the 25th Mich. Reg't., serving under Gen. Sherman until the war was over, when he returned to Kalamazoo, and was again elected high sheriff, and Dec. 12, 1867, was fatally shot, while on official duty, by a desperado who was trying to assist prisoners to escape from the jail. He died in the prime of a noble manhood, ^ged 53. James, 3cl son, died when quite young. Orrin has lived in town most of the time since his birth. He has been sheriff and deputy 25 years; postmaster 26 years, occupying that position at the present time. Wm. B. has always resided in his native town ; has 3 times represented the town in the legislature, and 2 years been county judge. Stephen P. remained at the old family homestead many years, but now resides in Northfield. The aged mother spent her ROXBURY. 747 last days with him, dying, at the age of 96, in 1879. Jasper H. was the 7th son. He moved to Northfield. SCHOOL DISTRICTS. No. I district, in the east part of the town, was set off in 1801, then known as Daniel Kingsbury district, afterwards as Wales district, No. i. In 1802 a district was set off in the N. W. part of the town, where Samuel Richardson now lives, known as N. West district. No. 2. In 1805, an- other district was formed in the S. E. part of the town, known as David Cram's dis- trict. No. 3. The same year it was voted all the inhabitants not in regular districts should form one district. No. 4. There have been alterations from year to year and new districts organized. There are now II districts and logood school-houses in town. The number of scholars in 1807 were 108; 1811, 104; 1816, 157; 1831,431; 1849,418; 1850, 351; i860, 336; 1880, 251 ; the average since 18 16 to 1881, 340 scholars yearly. EARLY TAVERNS AND LATER HOTELS. The first tavern in town was where Conway now lives, what is known as the "Rood place," John Stafford, proprietor. The next was kept by Darius Spaulding, where Frank Snow now lives. John Spaul- ding kept the third hotel, opposite where Mr. Pearsons now lives, on the mountain road. In East Roxbury, Stillman Ruggles, E. B. Pride, Samuel P. Wales, Shubael Wales, Alpheus Kendall, kept a public house on the Samuel Edwards place. The Summit House, built in 1822, by John Spaulding, and occupied by him, has been kept by Stephen Fuller, Chester Clark, Page J. C. Rice, E. G. Sanborn, Van Ness Spaulding, Edwin Ferris, James P. Warner, Thomas Wilson, E. N. Spaul- ding, Spaulding & Colby, Spaulding & Nichols, Warner & Spaulding, Mrs. J. P. Warner, present proprietor, and D. A. Spaulding. EARLY MERCHANTS. The first in town was Asa Taylor, near where E. N. Spaulding's steam-mill stands. The next was Robertson & Orcutt, who also had a potash run, and manufactured salts. Allen Spaulding, Orrin Orcutt, were the next in order among the first settlers. Partridge built the store where the post- office now is, and occupied it for several years. Then Brackett & Thorp, E. N. Spaulding, Benjamin Spear, Seth Holman and J. A. White, Union Store. CEMETERIES. In 1804, the town laid out three bvu-ying- grounds ; one in the west part of the town, on Uriah Richardson's farm, near where O. A. Staples now lives; one in the east part of the town, on the road from Roxbury to Braintree, near where Mr. Bowman now lives, and one in the centre of the town, on the Billa Woodard farm. Some years later another was located on the Haynes farm — the lot given by the Haynes family, and the only one in use at the present time in the west part of the town. There was also one laid out in the east part of the town, near the Henry Boyce place, about the same time. Albert Averill has been sexton for many years. EPIDEMICS. This has ever been called a healthful locality, and with good reason, yet at dif- ferent times it has been visited by epidem- ics. The dysentery swept through the town, carrying off many victims, in 1823. The diphtheria has appeared at different times in epidemic form, and desolated many homes. PHYSICIANS who have lived here : John Stafford was the first. How well versed in the science of medicine he may have been there is no record ; but there is no doubt but he dealt out "pills and potions" to the early set- tlers with a generous hand, to say nothing of cupping, blistering and bleeding. Next came Dr. David McClure, from Stafford, Conn., the father of Mrs. John Spaulding, who remained in town during the rest of his life. Dr. Hunter lived several years where E. L. Waterman now lives, and was consid- ered a skillful physician, as was Dr. Boyce, of the East part, who practiced there at the same time. 748 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. For several years there was no physician in town. Dr. White came for a few months, in 1868, and Dr. S. N. Welch in 1870, and remained a few years, building the house where Mr. Frink now lives, and he had a very good practice. Dr. George Maloy, of Montpelier, was the next. He was a student of Dr. Wood- ard, of Montpelier, but remained only a few months. Dr. Ira H. Fiske came from Hardwick in 1878, and is the only physician in town at the present time, and is the only hom- oeopathic physician that ever settled in town, and has been very successful. MANUFACTORIES. Samuel Richardson built the first saw and grist-mill in town, i-i miles from the village, on the Warren road. He after- wards built another on the west branch of Dog River, about half a mile from the vil- lage. Elijah Ellis built a saw and clover- mill in 1818, where S. N. Miller's carriage shop now is. The clover-mill was swept away by freshet in 1830; the saw-mill had the same fate in 1832 ; latter was rebuilt. John McNeal erected a frame for a saw- mill in the " four mile woods," on a branch of Dog River, in 1825, Samuel Orcutt fin- ished it, and it done good business until 1830; it was swept away by a freshet, which seemed the common fate of mills of those days. David Wellington built a saw-mill in 1825, near where E. N. Spaul- ding's steam-mill now stands. Charles Colton put a grist-mill into the same building shortly afterwards. Amos Wellington built a saw-mill on the West hill in 1839, now owned by Asahel Flint. Josiah Shaw built a clover-mill on east branch of Dog River, in the East part of the town. John M. Spaulding, in 1822, built a saw- mill near the Richardson grist-mill, and another, several years afterwards, in the village, now owned by J. G. Hall. John Prince built a saw-mill, in 1849, near where Spaulding's mill now stands, and also manufactured butter-tubs, now owned by E. P. Burnham for a clap-board mill. Samuel Robertson and Leicester Davis erected a building in 1820, on the farm where W. I. Simonds now lives, for the purpose of manufacturing wooden bowls and plates. But it did not prove a success and was given up in a few years. Jotham Ellis built a mill in 18 — for manufacturing wooden boxes, clothes-pins, turning bed- posts, &c. Later it was used by Siloam Spaulding for a carriage shop, and by Philander Wiley for turning, &c. Stillman Ruggles built a carriage shop in the east part of the town in 1830, and carried on the carriage business until 1850. Samuel Ruggles and S.N. Miller carried on the same business there afterwards. S. N. Miller commenced carriage-mak- ing near the Elijah Ellis saw-mill in i860, and still continues at the business there. Howard Warriner had a cabinet-shop in the south-east part of the town, and Mr. Wright built a saw-mill on the same stream west of Warriner's shop. Luther and David Ellis built a saw-mill on the middle branch of Dog river in 1850 ; Laban Webster & F. A. Wiley on middle branch of Dog river in 1869; Ebenezer Brackett in the south part of the town in 1848; sold to Thomas Gushing, of Dover, N. H. A vast amount of bridge timber, plank and ties were sawed here for the Vt. Central when being built. E. N. Spaul- ding and Samuel R. Batchelder built a steam-mill in the south-west part of the town in 1849. Henry Smith built a saw- mill on "Tracy Hill" in 1823; burned in 1835; Joseph Wardner a saw and grist- mill in the east part of the town, now owned by Jacob Wardner, and Bezaleel Spaulding a saw-mill on his farm in 1848. Benjamin H. Warriner built a shop near the "old Hutchinson place" in 1829, for the manufacture of sleighs, chairs and furniture of all kinds, and in 1835 P"t in machinery for manufacturing window-sash, blinds, etc. James Cram built a saw-mill on the brook above the Hutchinson place m 1830. Daniel Kingsley commenced wool card- ing in 1800, in the east part of the town. Harrison and Charles Fields built a steam saw-mill about a mile below E. N. Spaulcfing's in , and after carrying on ROXBURY. 749 an extensive business for two years, moved it to Richmond. E. N. Spaulding's steam saw-mill, built in 1866, has turned off yearly an average of 1,500,000 feet of lumber. He has also manufactured croquet to a considerable extent. William Bruce & Sons built a steam- mill in the south part of the town in 1877. It was burned in 1880, and rebuilt. This mill, as well as E. N. Spaulding's, has fur- nished employment for a great many hands. Ira Williams & Victor Spear are now erecting a steam saw-mill in the south-east part of the town. Dan Tarbell erected a steam saw-mill near the railroad crossing in the village in 1 88 1, not yet thorougly completed. Charles Samson owned a distillery and manufactured potato whisky on the west hill, near what is now called "Wetmore place." Biila Woodard manufactured saddle- trees several years, and Eleazer Woodard later carried on the same business. Ephraim Morris & Nathan Kendall owned a tannery at the foot of East Hill, on land now owned by Wm. B. Orcutt. They carried on the business only a few years . In 1853, immense veins of VERD ANTIQUE MARBLE were discovered. A large building was erected, with steam power for working the marble. It was found to be very beauti- ful, and capable of receiving a high polish. Monuments, tables, mantels, etc., man- ufactured were extremely beautiful, but the company became involved jn debt, and the property was sold in 1856, to pay 'liabilities. It was purchased by an asso- ciation under the name of " Verd Antique Marble Company," for the amount pre- viously expended. It was then managed by a joint stock company, but finally sus- pended business in 1857. THE WATCH FACTORY was built in 1867. It is located in a lovely and picturesque place, a short distance west from the depot. 12 hands are now employed there. Aug. i, 1879, a partner- ship was formed, under the title, "J. G. Hall Mfg. Co.," between J. G. Hall and his son, F. W. Hall, for the manufacture of watchmakers' tools, principally a " Stak- ing Tool," the invention of J. G. Hall, which meets with a ready sale, owing to .the very fine workmanship and correctness exercised in their manufacture, they being worthless unless exact. These tools are in use in nearly every State in the Union, and also in Canada, France and England. They also manufacture a variety of small tools for watch-repairers' use. The Co. had a sample of their tools on exhibition at the State Fair in 1880, receiving the only gold medal awarded in Mechanics' Hall. THE FIRST MAIL ROUTE through Roxbury was up the first branch of White river from W. Randolph, through Braintree and Kingston (now Granville), up the old road to John Spaulding's hotel, near the Royal Batchelder place. John Spaulding was postmaster. Guy Edson carried the first mail in 1826. It being known the mail was to arrive at such a time, there was a great gathering and re- joicing, and a little new rum as a matter of course. The route continued down the old road east to Elijah Ellis' (now Mrs. Brackett's) , thence north by the old Joseph Hixon place, Samuel Robertson's, John Paine's, Nathan Haynes', and then on to the hill near where Clark Wiley now lives, to Northfield. The mail run that way until about 1830. In 1828, the county road from Northfield line to Granville, through Roxbury village, was surveyed by David M. Lane, county surveyor. In 1830, John Spaulding having built the Summit House, where the village now is, the mail commenced running on that road, with a daily stage of 4 or 6-horse coach for some years ; then the stage and mail went from West Randolph through East Roxbury to Northfield, and the mail was carried to West Randolph and back with a horse and gig until the railroad was built in 1848. The cars came to Roxbury 40 days before the road was completed to Northfield, making it a very lively busi- ness place. Teams from as far as Bur- lington for freight, 6 and 8-horse teams. 75° VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. making it very profitable for inn-keepers those days. OUR LARGE CATAMOUNT. A large catamount was killed in town in 1823. Allen Spaulding gives this account. He had been calling on his sweetheart, who lived near the " Leonard place." The fair Hattie was the best of company, and he could hardly credit his senses when he started for home and saw the rosy morn- ing peeping over the eastern hills. Ashe was making rapid strides on, he noticed the huge track of some animal in the new snow, and the track seemed a new one. He examined it closely, and came to the conclusion it was a bear track, and thought he would get help and capture him. Jo- seph Batchelder and himself followed the trail all day, but without once getting a glimpse of " the bear," and Batchelder gave it up in disgust. Spaulding, how- ever, renewed the pursuit the next morn- ing, accompanied by Capt. Young, who had quite an exalted opinion of his own prowess and skill in hunting, of bears, es- pecially. They struck a new track in the light snow, and followed it to a ledge op- posite the old steam-mill. Matters were becoming quite interesting, but "Capt. Sip." declared "by the gods he never was afraid of a bear, and if Spaulding would go one way he would go the other, and start him out," but he took another look at the huge track, and his ardor cooled a little. He concluded they had better keep together. They had not pro- ceeded far when they heard a fierce growl and a bound, and saw the leaves flying in every direction, but by the time they had got around the ledge, the animal was out of sight, making 20 feet at a leap. Spaul- ding thought it could never be a bear, but " by the gods it zj," persisted Capt. Sip., " and a regular old long fellow, too." They followed on till dusk, and gave up the chase for that day. The next morn- ing tracks were seen near Billa Woodard's, on East Hill, and James McNeil, Charles Ellis, Ira Spaulding and Orrin Orcutt started in pursuit. Charles Ellis getting a glimpse of the hunted animaPs tawny coat, declared, "the dog had a fox up a tree." They soon found they had a rather different foe to meet, and that without rifles. They had only shot-guns loaded with slugs to contend with a huge cata- mount, but they gave him a salute from two or three, breaking his shoulder, and down the fierce animal came, about 20 feet, caught on a limb, ran up again, turning on his pursuers with open mouth, preparing for a spring. One of the party gave him a charge of "chain-links" in the open mouth, when he turned and jumped the other way, tearing huge splinters from a fallen tree and the earth up around him in every direction in his death agonies. He was the largest catamount ever killed in the State previous to the one killed in Barnard the present season. They were of the same length and height, but the last killed was several pounds heavier. He was sold at auction to Orrin Orcutt, prepared for and kept on exhibition until every one had seen him in this vicinity, and then sold to Mr. Ralph, of Warren, a man in poor health and indigent circumstances, who made quite a fortune taking him about the country. About this time there was also a moose killed near the old pond, the man who was so fortunate being very destitute. The meat (he was a large fellow), was a per- fect " God-send " to his family. CHURCH HISTORY is very meagre here. There have been no records kept of the early churches. The Methodist and Calvinist Baptist seem to have been first organized. The first min- ister publicly ordained in town was jOPHIR shipman. The charter of the town allowed the first ordained minister a lot of land, and Rev. Lyman Culver was privately ordained, and claimed the lot, it is said, but there was great dissatisfaction. Mr. O. Richardson says they came to his uncle, Samuel Rob- ertson, in the night to let him know it, and he went to Northfield after 12 o'clock at night, and the next day Rev. Ophir Shipman was ordained. BAPTISTS. Rev. Lyman Culver was one of the earliest Baptist preachers (probably the ROXBURY. 751 first), and resided in town several years. Friend Blood and Jehial Claflin preached considerably from 1835 to '45. A good old Baptist lady was " churched ''' for com- muning with the Methodists, and she with several others joined the Congregational- ists about this time. There was a Calvinistic Baptist church in town many years, but I find no record of it now. Mrs. Woodard is the only member of the Baptist church left in town. A great revival was brought about in that church in this manner. A little girl over- heard her mother and a neighbor talking of the necessity for a Christian life, and the beauty and purity of a true Christian character, and was so deeply impressed that she went to praying earnestly in se- cret, and came out a shining light, leading others of her companions to do likewise, until it spread into the most extended re- vival ever in town. METHODISTS IN ROXBURV. As early as 1813, how much earlier I am unable to say, the Methodists held their meetings at Eleazer Woodard's and David Young's. Benjamin F. Hoyt preached in 1813, Joel Winch from 1820 to '30, E. J, Scott in 1830, '2^, John Smith, called Happy John, in 1834, and Hollis Kendall, a native of Roxbury, preached here sev- eral years. He moved to Maine, and died there a few years since. Ariel Fay and John Mason preached here at different times. None of these, with the exception of Hollis Kendall, lived in town. Those early Methodists are nearly all gone to their reward. Phineas Wiley, or " Father " Wiley, as he was called for years, died in 188 1. I think he was the last member of the first Methodist church formed in town. The first meeting house was built in 1837, a union church. CONGRfiGATIONALISTS. Of the Congregationalist ministers who preached here in the early times were Rev. Mr. Hobart, of Berlin, Elijah Lyman, of Brookfield, Ammi Nichols, of Braintree, as early as 18 14, and meetings were held at Samuel Robertson's and at the old school-house that stood north of where O. A. Staples now lives. THE FREE CONGREGATIONALIST CHURCH was organized about 1837, by Rev. Ammi Nichols, of Braintree, and what remained of the Methodists and most of the Baptist church joined with them, but they never had a settled minister* until 1865, when Rev. A. Ladd was ordained and installed pastor, and remained here until the au- tumn of 1879. They built a pleasant and convenient house of worship in 1871. Samuel Edwards and W. I. Simonds are the only deacons ever chosen, both of whom now officiate. A Christian Church was organized in the east part of the town in 1868. Rev. Henry Howard is present pastor (1882). Rev. Edward Brown, Universalist, lived in town several years, where John Baird now resides, and preached a part of the time. The different religious organizations of this town have been : Congregationalist, Methodist, Episcopal, Free Will Baptist, Calvinist Baptist, Christian, Universalist and Spiritualist. Golden Weddings.— I learn of two having been celebrated in this town, that of Mr. and Mrs. James Wiley, in 1871, and Mr. and Mrs. Otis Batchelder in 1880. accidental and sudden deaths and suicides. BY ZED. S. STANTOK, ESQ. Joseph Batchelder drowned July 14, 1822. Uriah Richardson died from injuries re- ceived while chopping, Jan. 21, 1831. Alvah Henry, killed by the fall of a tree June 28, 1831. Mrs. Belcher, suicide by hanging, about 1831. Charles Webster, killed by being thrown from a wagon, Nov. 5, 1834. Shubael Wales, suicide by shooting. Mar. 18, 1843. David Dexter, supposed to have wan- dered away in a state of insanity and died of exposure, about 1843. Royal Flint, frozen to death, Jan. 22, 1846. A man named Jackson was killed by the prem.ature discharge of a blast, at the time 752 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. the Central Vermont Railroad was in pro- cess of construction, Jan. 25, 1846. An Irisliman, name unknown, died of exposure in the summer of 1847. A young man, name unknown, was drowned in wliat is now known as Hall's Pond, about 1848. Lewis Hutchinson, killed by the fall of a tree, Jan. 26, 1850. Charles Green, suicide, by shooting, in 1854. Lutheria Spaulding, aged 5 years, killed by falUng beneath a loaded wagon, Aug. 5, 1854. Joseph Paine, Peter S. P. Staples, found dead in the woods, Sept. 27, 1856. John Campbell, died by poison taken accidentally, Apr. 13, 1861. Delia Green, found dead, Aug. 17, 1867. A. E. Stockwell, a railroad brakeman, killed Nov. 12, 1870. Peter Shinah, killed by cars June 29, 1870. Isaac A. Flint, suicide by cutting his throat, about 1870. Mrs. Plurinna Erskine, suicide by hang- ing, Sept. 8, 1872. Buel Gold, suicide by hanging, Aug. 29, 1876. Clarence Tracy, a child, death caused by scalding, Sept. 26, 1876. A Central Vermont Railroad brakeman named Sharrow, killed by falling beneath the cars, Feb. 5, 188 1. A wood chopper named Fox, killed by a falling tree, Feb. 21, 1881. OLD PEOPLE OF ROXBURV, LIVING 1 882. Betsey G. Spalding 90 J. L. York 84 Jotham Ellis Ti Samuel Edwards 72 Sylvester E. Spalding 72 Paulina E . Spalding 70 Allen Spalding 'j'] Seth Bruce 83 Polly Gould 78 Moses L. Metcalf 84 Saul Morgan 81 John T. Rood 81 Clark Wiley 70 George B. Stanton 72 Nancy Hutchinson 73 Jonas G. Sanders 72 Milly Ellis -j-j Ervilla Steel 75 George Erskine 78 Hiram Walbridge 76 E. L. Waterman 83 Adaline Batchelder "jt, Maria Davis 70 Sarah Flint 74 Sarah E. Woodward 70 Peter Provo 78 Adaline Provo 78 Betsey Rich 85 Orrin B. Clark 75 Sophia Wiley 75 Oramel Williams 82 Aphia Williams 80 Hannah Knowles ']'] Han nah York 78 Sally Fletcher 71 Almond Mclntire 74 Edmond Darling 70 Alvira Darling 'jt, Lucy Steel 76 Mary Boyce 78 Aura Woodward 70 ROXBURY BOYS ABROAD. Andrew Stanton, a graduate of Tufts College, is now " principal" in the academy at Stoughton, Mass. Will Snow gradua- ted at Hanover, and is now a civil engi- neer in Montana. There are a good many graduates of the Normal school in town. Will Simonds was one, who is now teaching near Chicago, 111. Lucius Jenney went from this town, about 20 years ago, to Middlesex, and from there to Omaha, Neb., and now oc- cupies the position of R. R. Master on the Union Pacific R. R. Benj. J. Ellis went from here when a very young man, enlisted and served through the Mexican war ; after its close went to Chicago, 111., and took up the pro- fession of law. He has assisted in organ- izing and sustaining several mission schools, some of them now flourishing churches, and he often supplies the pulpit, as well as pleads at the Bar. S. G. Stanton went to Nebraska in 1879, and is engaged in building a railroad on the Union Pacific. Mr. Stanton was an active business man. Mr. O. Richardson moved to Belling- ham, Mass., in '78. Is engaged in the mercantile business. He had been organ- ROXBURY. 753 ist and leader of the choir at the Union church for 20 years when he left town. He was an adopted son of Samuel Rich- ardson, with whom Mr. R. spent his de- clining years. John Webster, of east part of town, went to California in '57, has been success- ful in business, and amassed c|uite a for- tune, z. s. s. Will R. Mansfield, at the age of 20, took his small valise in hand and started for the "far west." He stopped a few weeks in Nebraska as telegraph operator on the B. & M. R. R. He then accepted the position of baggage-master and tele- graph operator on a new branch of the Atchison, Topeka & Sante Fe R. R., through New Mexico, and served 2 months, when he was invited to dine with an old Spaniard at Los Vegas, for whom he had done some slight service, and started to return to Grenada, Col. in the caboose that was sent ahead of President Hayes and his escort, on their way from Califor- nia, to see that the road was clear. The party in the " caboose" had been "looking upon the wine when it was red," and when the "caboose" gave a great bound, and any sober person must have known there was some obstruction, they declared there was "nothing wrong," nor would they stop to see whether there was or not. So this Vermont boy turned the brake, caught a lantern and jumped off, and upon examination, several feet of rails were gone, and he had nothing to do there in the wilds of N. M. but wait for the train, and this was. not a pleasant task as the coyotes began to gather from every direc- tion. This was his first experience of the kind, and grim terror seized him, quick as a flash, he sprang up a telegraph-pole close at hand, and sitting astride the cross-bar, watched the howling pack, thinking all the while what an excellent mark he would be for an Indian, and it was far from being an agreeable thought. At last the train came up and he clambered down from his perch, gave a great shout at the wolves and swung his lantern to stop the train. The wolves scattered, and the train had to stop for re- pairs. For this act of faithfulness, he was promoted at once to conductor, and has occupied that position until the present time. s. B. M. roxbury''s military record. BY ZED S. STANTON, ESQ. Among the early settlers of Roxbury were doubtless several who served during the Revolutionary War, but just what number it is impossible to determine. Samuel Richardson, the first settler in the westerly part of this town, was a veteran of that war, having served one-half the time during the entire contest. He came to Roxbury in 1790! Mr. Richardson was born at Stafford, Conn., June 15, 1750, and died at Roxbury, in 1822. Capt. Benjamin Samson, who came here in 1810, was also a Revolutionary soldier, and participated in the battles of Lexing- ton and Bunker Hill. He rang the church bell to arouse the minute men on Lexing- ton green, on the memorable 19th of April, 1775- BATTLE OF PLATTSBURG. On the morning of Saturday, Sept. 10, 1 8 14, a company, consisting of all the able-bodied men in town, under command of Capt. Samuel M. Orcutt, left Roxbury for the purpose of assisting in repelling the British invasion of our Northern borders. All the following Sunday those who were left at home heard the distant roar of cannon, and supposed that their loved ones were engaged in battle with the foreign foe. But the men of Roxbury did not arrive at Plattsburg until Monday evening, Sept. 12, and the fighting was then over. They returned to their homes Friday, Sept. 16, 18 14. roxbury company for PLATTSBURG. Capt. Samuel M. Orcutt; Lieut. Gilbert R.Spalding; Ensign Billa Woodard ; Ser- geants Joel Hildreth, Enos Young, Jona- than Cram, Charles Samson; Corporals James Woolfe, Philip Cram, Dan Lord, John Paine ; Drummer Jonathan Nutting ; Fifer Bezalleel Spaldmg. Privates Benj. Samson, Darius Spal- ding, Robert Cram, Samuel Ford, Aiding Loomis, Ambrose Hutchinson, John Bald- win, Truman Peterson, John M. Spalding, 95 754 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Gideon Flint, Peter S. P. Staples, Abra- ham Z. Haynes, John Wilcox, Timothy Emerson, Joseph Hixon, Samuel Robert- son, Darius Spalding, Elisha Wilcox, Eli- jah Ellis. There is on file in the Adjutant's Gen- eral's office at Montpelier an affidavit made by the captain and ensign of said company, Mar. 6, 1850, stating the main facts in re- gard to the company going to Plattsburg, and also that parties from other towns joined their company, and that none of the officers or men of said company ever, to the knowledge of the said captain or ensign, received any compensation for their services on that occasion. Of this company of men only one is now living (Feb. 6, 1882), that one being Philip Cram, who resides in Brookfield. ROXBURY SOLDIERS IN THE WAR OF '6l. Chauncey M. Allen, C, ist Vt. Cavalry; mustered out Nov. 18, '64. Corp. Frank O. Allen, B, 4th; must, out Apr. 12, '65. Franklin Anos, H, 6th ; dis. Mar 25, '65. James Bailey, H, 6th; died Oct. 22, '62. Henry M". Barrington, I, 9th, died Oct. 6, '62. Byron A. Batchelder, K, 3d; died at Wash- ington, D. C, May 30, '64. Harrison Bean, I, i ith ; mustered out June 24. '65. Allen J. Bennett, C, ist Vt. Cav. ; dis. Nov. 21, 62. John Benjamin, C, ist Vt. Cav. ; sick and absent from regt. Nov. 18, '64, is last report on Adjutant General's report. Joseph Benjamin, H, 6th ; dis. June i, '63. Beman H. Campbell, H, 6th; must, out May 22, '65. Marshall Chaffee, H, 6th; dis. May 15, '63. Frank Clukey, K, 7th ; died July 22, '62. Anson P. Coburn, I, nth; mustered out June 24, '65. Patrick Clukey, G, 8th ; mustered out June 22, '64. Andrew J. Cross, ist S. S., F; trans, to invalid corps Sept. i, '63. Henry A. Cross, K, 7th; died at Carrol- ton, La., Nov. 30, '62. Martin Cross, K, 3d ; must, out July 27, '64. Joseph Currier, G, 8th ; mustered out June 28, '65. Thomas Daniels, H, 6th; killed at battle of Lee's Mills, Apr. 16, '62. Capt. David B. Davenport, H, 6th; died Sept. 20, '62. Henry D. Davenport, H, 6th; dis. Nov. 30, '62. Peter Deott, K,4th ; deserted Dec. 10, '62. Lieut. Eri L. Ditty, H, 6th ; mustered out June 26, '65. John Q. A. Ditty, F, 2d; trans, to invalid corps July 30, '63. Ralph Ditty, F, 2d ; must, out June 29, '64. John W. Dunton, K, 7th ; dis. Feb. 25, '63. David Ellis, E, 3d ; must, out July 27, '64. Lorenzo Ellis, I, nth ; mustered out June 24, '65. Samuel R. Ellis, H, 6th ; dis. July 7, '62. John M. Ferris, B, 6th ; must, out June 26, '65. Lieut. Amasa W. Ferry, F, 2d ; discharged Jan. 4, '65. Gideon E. Fletcher, I, 9th; deserted July 20, '62. Royal Flint, H, 6th ; died June 15, '62. Victor Goodrich, F, 2d ; killed at battle of Bull Run, July 21, '61. Dan. A. Grant, H, 6th; dis. Nov. 16, '62. Willis Grant, H, 6th ; transferred to invalid corps Dec. i, '63. James Hall, K, 7th ; died July 24, '62. Samuel A. Hayward, E, ist Vt. Cav. ; dis. July 24, '62. Walter R. Hayward, E, ist Vt. Cav ; must. out Aug. 9, '65. James C. Hutchinson, H, 2d; killed at Charlotte, Va., Aug. 16, "64. Corp. Stearns S. Hutchinson, F, 2d; must, out June 29, '64. Stephen H. Jones, G, 8th ; mustered out June 28, '65. Leland Kimball, K, 8th ; died at New Or- leans, La., Sept. 16, '62. Mason Knapp, K, 7th ; re-enlisted, is the last entry of Adjutant General's report. Carlos Lafaty, K, 7th ; dis. Sept. 27, '64. Joseph Lavalle, H, 6th ; mustered out June 26, '65. Henry Lock, H, 6th ; mustered out Aug. 2, '65. ROXBURY. 755 Alexis Martell, I, nth ; mustered out June 24, '65. Frank E. Martell, H, 6th; mustered out July 7, '65. Corp. Samuel Maxham,2dS. S., E; killed at battle of Wilderness, May 6, "64. Henry Morfit, K, 7th ; died at New Or- leans, La., Nov. 16, '62. Russell Morfit, K, 7th ; died at Fort Pick- ens, Fla., May 5, '63. Capt. Patrick Murphy, H, 6th ; mustered out June 26, '65. Lieut. Thomas Murphy, H, 6th ; mustered out Oct. 28, '64. William Murphy, H, 6th ; died Oct. 25, '62. Carlos Nedo, K, 7th ; dis. Sept. 27, '64. Langdon H. Nichols, C, istVt.Cav; died July 27, '62. Abial Patch, H, 6th ; dis. Dec. 28, '63. Calvin B. Phillips, E, ist Vt. Cav. ; dis- charged May 22, '62. Edmund Pope, Jr., E, ist Vt. Cav. ; died Dec. 14, '64. James Putney, H, 6th ; mustered out June 26, '65. William Ouimby, K, 7th ; died at New Orleans, Oct. 16, '62. Felix Quinn, I, 9th ; must, out June 13, '65. Eli Rich, K, 3d ; died Nov. i, '62. John E. Rich, K, 7th ; died July 18, '62. Geo. C. Richardson, H, 6th; died at Fred- erick City, Md., Dec. g, '62. Harrison A. E. Richardson, H, 6th ; must, out Oct. 28, '64. Lafayette Richardson, H, 6th; discharged Nov. 24, '62. Samuel Richardson, H, 6th ; died at Rox- bury, Jan. 15, '63. Corp. Ira Royce, E, ist Vt. Cav. ; dis. Nov. 22, '62. Thomas P. Rundlett, E, ist Vt. Cav; dis. May 22, '62. Joseph Shiney, H, 6th ; mustered out June 26, '65. Joseph Simonds, H, 6th ; des. July 24, '65. John Slocum, H, 6th ; mustered out June 26, '65. Corp. Emery L. Smith, G, 6th; dis. Oct. 31, '64. Otis Snow, K, 3d ; died Aug. 19, '62. Lieut. Allen Spalding, K, 6th ; resigned July 13, '64. Sergeant Dennison F. Spalding, K, 6th ; must, out May 18, '65. Israel Steele, K, 7th ; dis. Oct. 20, '62. Stillman S. Stephens, K, 7th; died July 17, '62. Sergeant Edward F. Stevens, F, istS. S. ; mustered out Sept. 13, '64. Benjamin F. Stone, I, 9th; discharged June 27, '65. Joseph Veo, G, 6th ; mustered out Oct. 28, '64. Lucius W. Wales, H, 6th ; killed at Lee's Mills, Apr. 16, '62. Samuel Wales, Jr., K, 3d; trans, to in- valid corps Sept. i, '63. Ezekiel D. Waterman, K, 3d ; killed at battle of Lee's Mills, Apr. 16, '62. Henry Waterman, C, ist. Vt. Cav.; died at Washington, D. C, Aug. 9, '65. Stillman Waterman, H, 6th ; discharged March 31, '62. Stillman Waterman, 1, 9th; discharged Jan. 15, '63. Joseph White, H, 6th ; died Oct. 22, '62. Loren J. Wiley, K, 7th ; must. outMay '65. Wallace Wolcott, H, 6th ; dis. Mar. 25,^63. Augustus Bresette, 3d Vt. Bat. ; must, out June 13, '65. Vobinteers that re-enlisted. — Paul Burke, Carlos Lafaty, Henry Locke, Frank E. Martell, Carlos Nedo, Edmond Pope, Jr., Dennison Spalding. Veteran Reserve Corps. — John W. Dun- ton. Also two men were credited to Roxbury, but not by name. Furnished nnder draft and paid com- mutation. — Edwin W. Ellis, Edwin Ferris, A. H. Fisk, Lemuel A. Rood, Luther Tracy, Rodney Wiley. Procured Substitute. — Nathan W. Cady. Entered Service. — Samuel A. Richard- son, H, 6th ; dis. Aug. 2, '65. Besides the above-named soldiers, there were several other residents of Roxbury who enlisted, credited to other towns, viz. : George R. Waterman, F, ist; must, out Aug. 15, '65 ; Franklin Knowles, C. 15th ; Charles A. Fisk, F, 17th ; Orza Boyce, B, 4th ; George H. Pearsons, D, 9th ; Samuel Shepherd, I, 56th Mass. Vols. ; died June 756 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. 27, '64; Francis F. Young, Mass. Vols. ; Sergeant Jones- W. Ferris, K, 3d ; severely wounded at the battle ot Lee's Mills, Apr. 16, '62, and discharged Aug. i, '62. When the war closed, Roxbury had a surplus of 23 men in excess of all calls for troops that had been made, a much larger number in proportion to the population than any other town in the State. ROXBURY LONGEVITY. Persons 70 years of age and over, who Mve died in Roxbury, 1855 Mary Spaulding 100 2846 Benjamin Samson 90 18 19 Moses Woodward 74 1813 Pavid McClure 80 1822 Samuel Richardson 71 1868 Thompson Jenney 85 1832 Jane Hixon 75 1872 Samuel Robertson 97 1879 Persis Robertson 76 1855 Dorcas Prescott 72 1835 Darius Spaulding 74 1844 Joel Hildreth -]"] 1864 Polly Hildreth 94 1872 Arathusa Hildreth 79 1862 Samuel Edwards 84 1869 Lydia Edwards 85 1869 Benga Edwards 87 1859 Betsey Edwards 75 1850 Henry Lcck 75 1856 Obedience Lock 71 1842 Elijah Ellis 79 1852 Mary Ellis 88 1861 Gideon Ellis 89 1878 Mehitable Ellis 87 1880 Sally Allen 89 1841 Mrs. Samuel Richardson 91 1869 Silas Spalding 88 1865 John M. Spaulding 76 1850 Ruth Sargent 86 1856 Nathan Haynes 78 1857 Hannah Haynes 86 1864 Abraham J. Haynes 76 1872 Daniel Haynes 88 1859 Polly Paine 72 1861 Asa S. Simonds 71 i860 Hannah Simonds 70 1876 Charles Samson 86 1865 Sally Samson 76 1858 Benjamin Samson •]•] 1879 Roxana A. Batty 'j'j 1873 Anna Gray Stanton 80 1873 Hannah Merrill 75 1870 Alvin L. Brigham 71 1875 Eleanor Spaulding 84 1862 Samuel Richardson 79 1865 Lucy Richardson 76 1875 Barton Tracy 72 1880 Enos K. Young 72 Silas B. Spaulding 81 Samuel Ford 76 Sarah Batchelder 86 Lydia Beckwith 86 Hannah Staples "]•] Capt. Job Orcutt 75 Mary Orcutt 74 Samuel M. Orcutt 74 Mary B. Orcutt 95 Billa Woodward 72 Mary Woodward 69 Borga Wiley 87 James Wiley 83 Phineas Wiley 91 David Wiley 82 Hannah Wiley 76 John Williams 72 Mabel Williams 75 Otis Batchelder 91 Alva Richardson 76 Dennis Crimims 80 Chester Batchelder 69 Eunice Williams 72 Elias Rich 87 James Butterfield 76 Susannah Richardson 84 Sarah Batchelder 87 Betsey Spalding 82 Jemima Silver 75 Phineas Flint 82 Seth Richardson 70 Sarah Richardson 'jj, William Knowles 94 Burton Skilleger 78 Nabby Ford 85 Arny Wilson 81 Samson Bates 70 Anna Hatch 80 Mary Bealey 76 Darius Hatch 81 Hepsobath Cady 81 Lurinda Flint 81 William Hutchinson 89 Aaron Webster 85 Abigail Cram 80 Francis Clukey 70 Jemima Webster. 88 William B. Tyler 78 Fanny Jones 78 Phila Darling 76 Calvin Cady 74 Daniel C. Rich 71 Lamos McGregor 78 Louis Loomis 75 Aaron Spencer 84 Polly Lyndes (colored,) (Si Stephen Rumney 75 Sally Wardner 78 Margaret Martin 90 Eunice Kent 80 Samuel Steele 83 Joel Wardner 83 John B. Crandall 70 Enos Young 80 ROXBURY. 757 1866 Sally Steele 72 1821 Elizabeth Abbott T] i860 Lydia Cotton 71 1854 Robert Cram 78 1868 Jacob Loomis 70 1849 Mercy Ruggles T}, 1877 Azubah Hatch 70 1876 William Ruggles 71 1879 Lewis Chatfield 94 Annie Blanchard 78 1876 Lewis Cram 75 1869 Sila's Braley 81 1870 Oliver French 83 1866 Mrs. S. Braley 79 1861 Bealey H. Gibson 76 1842 Elijah Ellis 79 1834 Mary Ellis 88 1865 Isaiah Shaw 82 1830 Mrs. Wardner 72 1848 Betsey Boyce 74 1824 John Gibson ^ 76 1841 James Steele 76 1847 Jedediah Smith 85 1855 Esther Smith 89 1878 Adah Hackett 86 1861 Mary Bealey 76 1854 Gideon Flint 74 1862 Mrs. Gibeons 80 Mrs. Crocker 85 Ranson Beckwith 80 Samuel Lyndes 80 1879 Lucy R. Howe 82 1 879 Lovina Ferry 79 O. W. ORCUTT. TOWN MEETINGS. Held at Jedediah Huntington's dwelling- house in 1796, '97, '98. At Samuel Rich- ardson's, 1799, 1802. At Christopher Huntington's 1800, 1801. At David McClure's, 1803, '5, '6. At Samuel Rob- ertson's, 1804. At Leonard Smith's, 1807, '8, '9, '10. At BlUa Woodward's, 181 1, '12, '13, '14, '15, '16. At Samuel M. Or- cutt's 1817, '18, '19, '20, '21, '22, '23, '24, '25, '26, '27, '28, '26, '30, '31, '32, '33, '34, '35. '36, 'yj, '38' '39. '40, '41- At Luther Ainsworth's, Mar., 1842. At John M. Spaul- ding's, Sept., '42, '43, '44, '45, '46, '47, '48, '49. At Union Meeting House, 1850, 51, '52, '53, '54. Sept., '54, at new town house, 1854 to 1881. MODERATORS. Joseph Crane, 1796; Thomas Hunting- ton, 1797 ; Samuel Richardson, 1798, 1801, '2, '3, '5, '7, '8, '9, '13; Jedediah Hunting- ton, 1799; Isaac Lewis, 1800; Darius Spaulding, Job Orcutt, 1809; Zeb. Butler, 1804; Rodolphus Willard, 1810; Samuel Robinson, 1811, '12, '17, '18, '19, '20, '21, '23, 24; J. F. Ruggles, '18, '14, '15, '16, '22, '25, "26, '28, '30; Charles Sampson, 1827 ; Shubael Wales, 1829, '31, '34, '35, '36; Joel Hildreth, 1832; Nathan Morse, 1833; Stillman Ruggles, 1837, '38, '40; Allen Spaulding, 1839, '4'' '42» '5I) '52, '53, '54, '57, '58; Henry S. Boyce, 1843, '44, '46, '47, '48, '55, '56, '59, '60; O. Richardson, i86i-'68; Wm. B. Orcutt, 1868; Billings Spaulding, 1869; Samuel G. Stanton, 1870, '74, '75, "it, 278 ; Oramel Richard- son, 1871, 72, ""]■>), '76; Zed S. Stanton, 1879, '80, '81. TOWN CLERKS, 1 796- 1 88 1. Thomas Huntington, 1796, '97, '98, '99, 1800, 'i. Darius Spalding, 1802, '3, '14, '15. Samuel Robertson, 1804, '5, '6, '7. James Bancroft, 1808, '9, '10, '11, '12. Samuel M. Orcntt, 1813, '17, '18, '19, '20, '21, '22, '24, '25, '26, '27, '28, '29, '30, '31, ■32, '33. '34, '35' '36, 'n, '38. John F. Persons, 1816. Jehial Allen, '39, '40, '41, '42. Allen Spalding, 1843, '44» '45' '46, '47, '48. Allen K. Jeney, 1849, '5°' '5^' '52, '53, '55. (Jeney died in Aug., '55.) A. N. Tilden, 1854. Ormal Richardson, 1855. A. N. Tilden, 1856 to 1881. SELECTMEN. Samuel Richardson, 1796 to 1803, '7, '8 ; Isaac Lewis, 1796, 1800; Jedediah Hunt- ington, 1796,98,99; Christopher Hunt- ington, 1797; David Cram, 1797; Roswell Adams, 1798, 1800, 'i, '3, '4, '5 ; John Stafford, 1799, 1806; Darius Spalding, 1801 ■ to 1806, '9, '10; Perez Huntington, 1802 ; Lemuel Smith, 1803 to '8 ; Jonathan F. Ruggles, 1806, '7, '8, '19, '20, '21 ; Samuel Richardson, 1808; Joel Hildreth, 1809 to '13, '14, '15, '25, '26; Robert Cram, 1809 to '13, '14, '24, '25; Samuel M. Or- cutt, 181 1 to '15, '21, '22, '23, '25, '26, '27, '29, '30, ^2,2) to '38 ; Isaih Shaw, 1813, '15, '18, '26, '27, '28, '36, 'n, '47; Uriah Rich- ardson, 1813; John Paine, 1815, '16, '17, '22; Nathan Morse, 1816, '17, '22, '23, '28, '29, '30, '33, '34, '35 ; Charles Sampson, 1816, '17, '20, '21, '27, '28, '29, '38, '47, '48; Samuel Robertson, 1818, '19, '23; Elijah Ellis, 1818, '19, '20; Billa Wood- 758 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ward, 1824; David Young, 1824, '31, '32; James Burnham, 1830; Amos Wardner, 1831, '32; Daniel Loomis, 1831 ; Henr}' Smith, 1832; Jonathan Wiley, 1833, '34; Bezaleel Spalding, 1835 ; Jared Hildreth, 1836, ''27; Robert Cram, 1838, '39; John Cross, 1838, '39, '40, '41 ; Darius Hatch, 1839; Thomas R. Shaw, 1840 to '44, '46; Enos K. Young, 1840, '41, '42; Jehial Allen, 1842; Wm. W. Woodward, 1843, '44; Benjamin Edwards, Jr., 1843, '44, '45, '56, '57, '58: H. S. Bo3'ce, 1844, '49, '50; Wm. P. Royce,- 1845, '59- '60, '64, '65; Samuel Edwards, Jr., 1846, '50, '52, '53, '61, '62; Alvin Braley, 1846, '47, '48, '61; Stephen Pierce, 1848; Dexter Samp- son, 1849, '51, '54, '61, '62, '63; Wm. B. Orcutt, 1849, '50 '55; Elijah Winch, 1851, '58, '60; S. M. Hildreth, 1851, '58, '63, '66, '67, '71 ; Geo. M. Sampson, 1852, '53 ; Edmond Pope, 1852, '53, '55, '29, '61, '62, '64, '66; S. G. Stanton' 1869; C. H. Mer- rill, 1854; Stillman Ruggles, 1854; Wm. B. Orcutt, 1855; Charles B. Fiske, 1855, '66, '67, '68 ; Clark Wiley, 1856, '57, '58, '72, 177; James Cram, 1856, '57; E. N. Spalding, i860; C. Richardson, 1864, '65, '68; S. P. Orcutt, 1865; Cyrus Howard, 1868, '69, '81 ; S. G. Stanton, 1869 to '74, '78; Enos K. Yonng, 1869, '70; Isaac A. Flint, 1870, '71 ; Storrs S. Clough, 1872, '75 to '79; Geo. L. Walbridge, 1873, '74; Charles Adams, 1873, '74; Billings Spaul- ding, 1874, '81 ; A. J. Averill, 1875, '76; D. L. Nichols, 1875 ; Charles N. Eaton, 1876; Gideon Edwards, 1879; ^- ^^ Stanton, 1878, '79; C. M. Adams, 1879; C. H. Eaton, 1879: Wm. B. Orcutt, Arza Boyce, L. J. Wiley, 1880; L. J. Wiley, J. B. Spaulding, 1880. TOWN TREASURERS. David Cram, 1796; Isaac Lewis, 1797, '98, '99; Thomas Huntington, 1800, '01 ; Darius Spalding, 1802, '15; Samuel Rob- ertson, 1803 to 1808, '28 ; James Bancroft, 1808 to '13; Samuel M. Orcutt, 1813, '14, '17 to '28, '29; John T. Pearsons, 1816; Asa S. Simonds, 1830 to '61 ; Billings Spanlding, 1861 to '68, '69, to '74; Wm. B. Orcutt, 1868; A. N. Tilden, 1874 to 1881. OVERSEERS OF POOR. Selectmen in 1808; Jonathan F. Rug- gles, Elijah Ellis, Samuel Robertson over- seers, 1813; Robert Cram, Billa Wood- ward, Isaiah Shaw, 1820, 37 ; Robert Cram, 182 1 ; selectmen overseers of poor, 1822, 23, 24; Samuel Robertson, 1825, 26; Samuel M. Orcutt and Nathan Morse, 1827; Billa Woodward, 1830; Nathan Morse, 1828, 29, 35, 36; Allen Spalding, 1835, 41, 42, 44, 45, 51,58; Darius Hatch, 1843, 4o> 46, 39, 38 ; Silas Braley, 1833, 32, 47, 31 ; Allen Spalding, 1848, 49, 50; Asaph Silsbury, 1851 ; H. M. Nichols, 1853, 55, 52; Edmond Pope, 1856; Edmond Lack, 1857; Benj. Edwards, Jr., 1860,54; Wm. B. Roys, 1861, 62; E. P. Burnham, 1863, 64, 65, 66 ; Sylvester Ellis, 1867, 68 ; Alphonso Ladd, 1869, 70, 71, 72; Orza Boyce, 1873, 74' 75 ; C. L. Ellis, 1876, 77 ; Charles Adams, 1878, 79, 81 ; Salmon Williams, 1880. CONSTABLES AND COLLECTORS OF TAXES. Jeduthan Huntington, 1796; David Cram, 1797, '98, 1817 to 20; Isaac Lewis, 1799; Perus Huntington, 1800; Benjamin Huntington, 1801 ; David McClure, 1802; Chester Morris, 1803 to 1808; Roswell Walter, 1808; Rhodolphus Willard, 1809; Darius Houghton, 1810; Ezra Child, 1811; John B. Crandall, 1812; Charles Bancroft, 1813; Joel Hildreth, 1814, '15; Charles Sampson, 1816; John Paine, 1820; Henry Boyce, 1821 to 1830; Allen Spalding, 2830, '33 ; Erastus Spaulding, 1 83 1, '32; Amos Wardner, 1834 to 1837; Henry S. Boyce, 1838 to 1841 ; Dexter Sampson, I841, '42; Elijah Winch, 1843; E. B. Pride, 1844, '45 ; Samuel Ruggles, 1846 to 1850, '55 ; Ebenz. Ainsworth, 1861 ; S. P. Orcutt, 1852, '53 '59; Daniel D. Hackett, 1855 ; Orin W. Orcutt, 1856, '76, '78 ; Benjamin Edwards, 1857, '58 ; W. J. Simonds, i860, '62, '63; Langdon R. Nichols, 1861 ; H. G. Ellis, 1864 to 1870; Charles Spalding, 1870, '71; Sam- uel M. Hildreth, 1872; Zed. S. Stanton, 1873, '74' '75' '77 '1 ^^""O J- Boyce, 1879, '80, '81. LISTERS. David Cram, 1796, 1806; Thomas Hunt- ington, 1796, '98; Jedediah Huntington, ROXBURY. 759 Samuel Richardson, 1797; Isaac Lewis, 1797, '98; John Stafford, 1798, '99, 1808; Chester Batchelder, 1799: Perus Hunting- ton, 1799, 1802; Uriah Richardson, 1800, 1807, '12. ''17; Joseph Adams, Darius Spaulding, 1800 ; David McClure, Benja- min Huntington, Daniel Freeman, 1801 ; David Nutting, Joseph Converse, 1802; Samuel Smith, 1803, '5; Clark Stone, Charles Fitts, 1803; Joel Hildreth, 1804, '5, '6; Charles Stone, 1S04; Zeb. Butler, 1804; Jonathan F. Ruggles, 1805, '9, '10, '16, '17, '22, '24, '27, '30: Samuel Robin- son, 1806, '21, '22, '24, ''27; Samuel M. Orcutt, 1807, '12, '17, '18, '19, '34, '38; Robert Cram, 1807, '8; Lorin Green, 1808; Charles Bancroft, 1809; Ephraim Morris, 1809: Salmon Cross, 1810; James Bancroft, 1810, '11, '12; Gilbert R. Spaulding, 181 1, '15 ; Anson Adams, 1812 ; Enos Youngs, Bezalel Spaulding, i8i3,'i5 ; Darius Hatch, 1813, '14, '15; John Paine, 1814, '19, '20, '26, '30; Thomas Davis, 1814; Billa Woodward, 1815, '20, '23, '28; Ira Hunter, 1818; Henry Boyce, 1818, '23; Amos Wardner, 1819; Charles Samson, 1822, '23, ''30, '32, ''^;^, '36, ';^y, '38, '47, '48, '51 ; Nathan Morse, 1826, '27, '28, '32, '36, '37, '42, '43; James Burnham, 1825, '26, '29 ; Elijah Ellis, 1827; Silas C. Briggs, 1828; Daniel Flint, Shubael Wales, 1829; Erastus Spalding, Henry S. Boyce, 183-1, '55, '56; Silas Hall, 1830; Isaiah Shaw, 1832, '^y^ '42 '43 ; David Withington, William Ruggles, 1833; John Walbridge, 1834; Stillman Ruggles, 1834, '36, '40, '54 ; Alvin Braley, 1838, '43, '44, '46, '48, '59, '61 ; Benj. Edwards, Jr., 1838, '49, '50, '53, '54, '59; Samuel M. Hildreth, 1839, '40,^41, '5i.'7i ; Eleazar Woodward, Consider Hyland, 1839; Wm. Woodward, 1840; Philip Cram, 1841, '48, ''49; Benoni Webster, 1841, '47 ; Samuel Edwards, Jr., 1841, '57, '60; Allen Spaulding, 1842, '46, '47, '60; Luther Ainsworth, 1844 i Thomas R. Shaw, 1844, '45, '46, '49 ; Hibbard A. Pefry, 1850; Wm. W. Woodward, 1850; Ed- mond Pope, 185 1, '52, ''56, '65; Elijah Winch, 1845, '57> '62, '63; Stephen Pierce, 1845 5 Asaph Silsbury, 1851 ; Alvin L. Brigham, 1852; Stillman Ruggles, 1853; Wilson I. Simonds, 1854, '66, '81 ; Seth M. Bailey, 1855; E, P. Burnham, 1855, '56. '61, '62; Clark Wiley, 1858; R. S. Glidden, Dexter Samson, 1858; Wm. B. Orcutt, 1859, '64, '65 ; Joseph B. Ed- wards, 1859; Alphonso Ladd, 1862; Phi- lander Wiley, 1862, '63, '72, '73; Azro A. Simonds, J863 ; Buel Gold, 1865, '67, '74, '75; A. A. Smith, 1864, '65; C. B. Williams, Cyrus Howard, 1866 ; Samuel G. Stanton, 1867; Jason W. Powers, 1868; Ralph W. Rood, Aaron Webster, 1868; Charles Spaulding, 1869, 70; Billings Spalding, 1869; Isaac A. Flint, 1869; Clark Wiley, 1870, 71 ; Storrs S. Clough, 1870, 71; Frank T. Snow, 1872; Arza Boyce, 1872, '78, '81 ; J. E. D. Hildreth, 1873, '74; David B. Adams, 1873; David H. Stanton, 1873, '75; J. P. Warner, 1875; Horace A Thayer, 1876; Zed. S. Stanton, 1876, 'yy; Henry M. Spalding, 1876; Charles Adams, D. L. Nichols, 1877, '78; Clark Flint, 1879, '80, '81 ; E. C. Bowman, J. E. D. Colby, 1879; Geo. W. Williams, James Steel, 1880. TITHINGMEN, 1805-40. Silas Spalding, Job Orcutt,Chester Batch- elder, Caleb Stowe, Waterman Spalding, David G. Nutting, Enos Young. Roswell Adams, Elijah Ellis, Jas. Y. Wolf, John Bald win, Wm. Gold, Jacob Wardner, Sam'l. Richardson, Willard Smith, JohnM. Spal- ding, Asahel Blake, Darius Houghton, Uri- ah Richardson, Sam'l.Wright,Benoni Web- ster, Jacob Loomis, Silas Braley, Nathan Morse, Adin Smith, H. M. Nichols, Eleazer Woodward, Benjamin Edwards, Stillman Ruggles, Alvin L. Brigham, Daniel Flint, James Pike, Samuel Ford, Alva Richard- son, Cyrus Flint, Nathan Emerson. TOWN AGENTS. John B. Crandall, 1815, 1816; Henry Boyce, 18 17 ; Charles Samson, 1829 ; Amos Wardner, 1833; Nathan Morse, 1834; Silas Braley, 1842, '44; Allen Spalding, 1 841, '47, '49, '54, '60, '61; Alvin Braley, 1844, '46, '48, '50, '51, '52, '53, '55, '56, '59, '62, '63 ; Edmond Pope, 1864; De.xter Samson, 1867, '68; James P. Warner, 1872; Samuel G. Stanton, 1875; Wil- liam B. Orcutt, 1869, "76; Erastus N. 760 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Spalding, ''']'], '71, '70, '58,^57; Samuel G. Stanton, '78, '65 ; S. S. Clough, '79> ''Th'' '74; Orrin W. Orcutt, '80, '81. SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENTS. Joseph Silsbury, 1851, '52, '48; Aaron Webster, '50, '52 ; Stephen Pierce, '46, '47, '49 ; Allen W. Jenny, '55 ; Hira G. Ellis, '56 ; Samuel G. Stanton, '57; F. V. Randall, '58, '57 ; Aaron Webster, '58 ; O. Richard- son, '59; Austin A. Smith, '60, '61 ; Jas. F. Button, '48; Buel Gold, '62; H. G. Ellis, '63; Aldin Ladd, '64, '65; S. G. Stanton, '66, '67, '70, ""ji, 'ti\ Wm. L. White, '68, '67 ; Andrew Stanton, '''J2) '• D. L. Nichols, '74, '75, '76, '78; Zed S. Stanton, 77, 79, '80, '81. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. Charles Samson, 1850, '51/52, '53' '54> '38, '40, '44, '45, '47, '27, "31/33. 49 .4,1, 39, 20, 28, 25, 26, 24, 22, 23, 48, 33, 34, 30, 55, 46, 21 ; Byer Edwards, 1850, 51, 52, 53, 54, 58, 61, 62, 40, 43, 44, 45, 47, 41, 46, 49, 48 ; Philip Cram, 1850, 51, 48, 49,46; Buel Gold, 1850, 51,64,65,66, 67, 68, 74,75; Elijah Winch, 1850,51, 52, 53. 57. 58, 62, 44; Stephen Pierce, 1851, 52, 44, 45, 47, 49, 48, 46; Hiram Wal- bridge, 1852, 53, 54, 55, 69, 70, 74, 75 ; Asaph Silsbnry, 1852, 53, 49 ; Alvin Braley, 1853, 54, 44, 45, 47. 49. 46; Stillman Ruggles, 1854, 55, 44. 47. 49. 48, 1,1, 35. 46 ; Wm. B. Orcutt, 1855, 56; Calvin Murray, 1855, 56; E. P. Burnham, 1855, 56, 59, 60, 61, 63; A. B. Hutchinson, 1855, 56; Edmond Pope, 1856, 61, 62, 63; Sewell Hutchinson, 1856, 57; I. M. Hildreth, 1842, 43, 44, 45. 47, 57. 49- 48 ; W. I. Simonds, 1857, 58; Solomon Ferry, 1857, 58; Sylvester Motifit, 1857, 58; O. W. Orcutt, 1859, 60, 61 ; Samuel P. Wales, 1859, 60; Austin A. Smith, 1859, 60, 61 ; Cyrus Howard, 1859, 60, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68; Horace M. Nichols, 1861, 62, 63, 64 65, 66, 40, 43. 44, 45. 47, 41, 46, 48, 39. 49; Clark Wiley, i860, 61 ; James Steele, 1862,63,64; Samuel G. Stanton, 1862, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68; Dexter Samson, 1862, 63; Jehial Allen, 1839, 40, 41, 42; E. Brackett, 1840, 41, 42; Wm. Ruggles, 1838, 40, 47, 39, 49, 48 ; Wm. W. Wood- ward, 1838, 45, 47, 49, 48, 35 ; E. B. Pride, 1840, 47 ; Robert Cram, 1838, 43, 45, 47. 39. 23, 25, 24, 26, 22 ; John Cross, 1838, 39, 41, 35, 49; H. S. Boyce, 1838, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 41, 49, 39, 46, 48 ; Al- len Spalding, 1842, 43, 44, 45, 47, 41, 49, 40, 48, 35; Darius Hatch, 1838, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 49, 41, 48, 46; Samuel M. Orcutt, 1822, 39, 38, 40, 44, 27, 28,, 31, iTy, 34, 41, 49, 32, 35, 36, 24, 26, 46, 20, 22, 30, 33, 34, 35, 23, 25, 26, 28, 21 ; Luther Ainsworth, 1842, 43, 45, 47, 49, 48, 46; Samuel Ruggles, 1840, 44, 49; Jared Hildreth 1838, 42 ; A. P. Walcott, 1842,43; Jared Keith, 1841, 42, 43,44; Thomas R. Shaw, 1848, 42, 49 ; Isaiah Shaw, 1834, 41, 42, 43, 20, 30, 28, 24, 25, 23, 22; Jonathan F. Ruggles, 1827, 31, 33, 34, 13, 28, 16, 20, 30, 35, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 9, 10, II, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21; Daniel Loomis, 1849; Henry Smith, 1833, 34; James Cram, 1849; Amos Wardner, 1834, 35 ; Daniel Kings- bury, 1827; Uriah Richardson, 1817, 20, 27, 26, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 18, 19, 21 ; Nathan Morse, 1831, 33, 28, 30; H. G. Ellis, 1863, 64; W. S. Roys, 1863, 64; Ralph W. Rood, 1866, 67, 68 ; Emery P. Cram, 1866; Asahmel FUnt, 1866, 67, 68, 72, i^,, 80, 81 ; Oramel Richardson, 1868 ; Salmon Williams, 1868, 72, 73, 78, 79, 74, 75; Erastus N. Spalding, 1870; Storrs S. Clough, 1870, 74,- 75 ; Charles Spalding, 1870; John F. Roys, 1870; Charles I. Holden, 1870; Gideon Edwards, 1870; J. F. Pearsons, 1871; Jothan Ellis, 1876, 111 74, 75 i Azro A. Simonds, 1871 ; A. J. Averill, 1873; Orza Boyce, 1873; C. L. Ellis, 1873, 76, IT \ James Burnham, 1831, 32 ; Aaron Webster, 1876, n ; Luther G. Tracy, 1876, -j-j \ Hira G. Ellis, 1876, n, 78, 79; C. H. Eaton, 1878, 79; E. E. Bowman, 1878, 79; George B. Hall, 1878, 79, 80, 81 ; Alphonso Ladd, 1880, 81 ; A. L. Nichols, 1880, 81 ; L. F. Wiley, 1S80, 81 ; Darius Spalding, 1804, 5, 14, 15,16, 13, 9, 10, II, 12, 14, 17, 18, 19; James Pike, 1839; Samuel Robertson, 1820, 9, 10, 16; Be- noni Webster, 1846, 48, 49; Zeb. Butler, 1803,4; Roswell Adams, 1803, 4; Rho- dolphus Willard, 1810, 11, 12, 13; John Freeman, 1795. ROXBXJRY. 761 TOWN REPRESENTATIVES. Rhodolphus Willard, 1809, '10, '11, '12; Darius Spalding, 1813, '15, '16; Jonathan F, Ruggles, 1817; Charles Samson, 1818, '19, '20, '21, '24, '25, '28, '37, '38, '39, '41 ; Robert Cram, 1822, '23; Isaiah Shaw, 1826, '27, '31, '32, '33, '40; Nathan Morse, 1829, '34, '35, '36; Allen Spalding, 1842, '43, '52, '53; Thomas R. Shaw, 1846; Benjamin Edwards, Jr., 1847; Dexter Samson, 1849, '5°) Henry S. Boyce, 1851 ; Elijah Winch, 1854; Alvin Braley, 1855, '56; Edward Pope, 1857; F. V. Randall, 1858; Wm. B. Orcutt, 1859, '60; Seth M. Bailey, 1861 ; Chester Clark, 1862 ; Seth M. Bailey, 1863; Edmond Pope, 1864, '65 ; Austin A. Smith, 1866; Samuel G. Stanton, I867, '68, '69; Erastus N. Spalding, 1870, '71 ; 1872, no elections; Enos K. Young, 1874, '75 ; A. N. Tilden, 1876, 77; Wm. B. Orcutt, i878-'8i. ASSISTANT JUDGES OF COUNTY COURT. Charles Samson, 1842, '43; Nathan Morse, Alvin Braley, 1858, '59. Wm. B. Orcutt, 1874, '75 ; Sheriff,— O. W. Orcutt, 1865, '66. DELEGATES TO CONSTITUTIONL CONVEN- TIONS. Darius Spaulding, 1814; Jonathan P. Ruggles, 1822; Nathan Morse, 1828, '35; Henry S. Boyce, 1842; Thomas R. Shaw, 1849; Samuel U. Hildreth, 1870. POSTMASTERS. First postmaster, John M. Spaulding, from 1826 to '49; O. W. Orcutt, 1849 to '53; Billings Spaulding and A. N. Tilden, 1861 to '63; Julius Spaulding, 1865 to '66; Orin W. Orcutt, 1866 to the present time. East Roxbury. — Shubael Wales, 1830 to '42; Stillman Ruggles, 1841 to '43; Samuel Ruggles, 1843 to '52 ; Jacob Ward- ner, in 1852, and present incumbent. Merchants : — Among others beside what I have previously named, I remember Woodward, Thresher, A. N. Tilden, Ed. Ferris, J. Riford, Mansfield, I. Brigham, E. P. Burnham, A. N. Tilden & Son, the two last firms at present doing good busi- ness. Asa Taylor was the first to keep store in town. E. N. Spaulding's steam-mill burned down in November, since I wrote up the 96 manufacturing business, and another one was well under way here yvhen I came from Roxbury. Stephen Butterfield has been station agent and telegraph operator nearly the whole time since the railroad came to Roxbury. E. N. Spalding is a promi- nent business man, dealing heavily in lumber. Will Spalding, his son, is now " dispatcher " in an office in Boston. Thanks are especially due O. W. Orcutt, Aaron Webster and Zed Stanton, Esq. I have received considerable information from three grand-daughters of Samuel Rich- ardson — Mrs. York, Mrs. Woodard and Mrs. Youngs ; also from O. Richardson, a former resident of this town. Many have no doubt felt interested who have devoted no time, therefore much will be left out, inevitably, which cannot fail of being a source of regret to their posterity ; for, however this may seem to us of to-day, to whom much of this history is familiar, future generations will peruse it with the greatest interest, and every incident of the hardships, privations and heroism of .the pioneers, related at many firesides by our children's children. s. B. M. ROXBURY CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. The day chosen for the Celebration fell on Tuesday, fair and fine as one could wish. The procession of citizens and visitors formed at the town-house, and led by Northfield Cornet Band, drum corps, mil- itia, old folks' temperance organization, grange and civilians, marched to a charm- ing little grove near the' depot, where a stand had been erected for music and speakers, tables laid for an old-fashioned dinner in a little vale just below, tended by young ladies, picturesque in short waists, enormous pufled sleeves and narrow gored skirts, guiltless of trimmings. Among the visitors who were assigned seats of honor upon the stand were Philip Cram, the first child born in Roxbury, from Brookfield ; Mrs. Orcutt, widow of Sam- uel Orcutt, and mother of those residing in Roxbury and Northfield of that name, the oldest person present, being 94 years of age. There were 39 persons over 70, 30 of them being over 80. 762 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. HISTORICAL ADDRESS, (BY Z. S. STANTON, E.SQ.) Delivered at Roxbury, Aug. 22, 1876, Maj. Allen Spaulding, president of the oc- casion ; a large concourse of citizens and visitors present ; from which we ex- tract the portions pertaining strictly to the history of the town not already covered by the papers of Mrs. Mansfield, given : " Many of the early settlers of this town- ship were veterans of the Revolution. Doubtless the tract of land now known as the town of Roxbury was never the per- manent home of the Indians. Yet it may be inferred from the geographical position of this portion of our State, that the Indians, in their predatory excursions against the colonial settlements of New England, passed through here. The Iro- quois, Cossuck and St. Francis tribes fre- quented this portion of our State at various times while on their hunting excursions, and doubtless the smoke of their camp- fires wended up from this little valley many times. In the fall of 1780, the town of Royalton was pillaged and burned by a band of Indians from Canada, who on their return passed through the west part of Brookfield, and probably the east part of this town. Arrow-heads and other relics have been found here at various times, which prove conclusively that the red man was here at a time previous to any white man's emigration to this township. Nov. 6, 1780, this township was granted, and it was chartered by the Governor, Council and General Assembly of the State, Aug. 5, 1 78 1, to Benjamin Emmons and 64 others, nearly all of whom were residents of Windsor County. I think two of these persons afterwards resided in this town. Among the names of those to whom this township was chartered, I find those of Thomas Chittenden, Paul Spooner, and others prominent in the early history of Vermont. Besides the land chartered to those men, there was chartered one right for the use of a seminary or college, one for the use of a county grammar school, one for the purpose of the settlement of a minister of the gospel, one for the support of the social worship of God, and one for the support of an English school or schools in this town. The proprietors of this township held their first meeting at the house of Benjamin Burtch, an innholderin Hartford, County of Windsor, Nov. 20, 1783; Hon. Paul Spooner, moderator, and Briant Brown, clerk. A committee, cotisisting of Briant Brown, Esq., Capt. John Strong, Elisha Gallup, Abel Lyman and Asa Taylor were chosen to examine this township, and to lay out 100 acres to each proprietor as a first division, with the allowance of five per cent, for highways. They were also instructed to procure a surveyor, chainmen and provisions. They held an adjourned meeting Dec. 25 the same year, and voted to lay a tax of 10 s. lawful money, on each proprietor's right or share of land, for the purpose of paying the expenses of surveying. This tax was to be paid in money, wheat, beef or pork, at cash price. They chose Capt. John Strong collector, and Major Joel Mathews, treasurer. They also voted a tax of 2 s. lawful money, on each proprietor's right or share of land in this township, for the pur- pose of 'defraying charges that had arisen in procuring the charter. It is impossible to ascertain just how many meetings were held by the proprietors of this township, or when the survey was made. I think, however, that the survey was not made at this time, and possibly not until several years later. There was a proprietors' meeting held at the house of Asa Edgerton, in Randolph, Aug. 6, 1788; Major Elijah Paine, moderator, and Deacon David Bates, clerk. A vote similar to the one taken at Hartford, with the addition of an- other division, was passed. It is possible that the survey of the township was made previous to this time, but I have no author- ity for saying so. Each proprietor had one lot in each division. On the 21st day of May, 1789, the first settlement was made in this township. Mr. Huntington, the first settler, was an elderly man, and was accompanied by several children, some of whom had ar- rived at maturity at that time. Three of his sons, Jedediah, Thomas and Jonathan were quite prominent in town affairs when the town was organized. I am not able to say who the next settlers of this township were, but soon after Huntington and Rich- ardson came here, Mr. Isaac Lewis settled in this town-hip, and Messrs. David, Robert and Jonathan Cram located on the farms now owned and occupied by Messrs. Chatterton, Bowman and Clough. [See previous account of.] Jacob Wardner came to this town in 1801, and built a log house on the farm now owned by H. A. Thayer. The next year he moved his family to this place. He was a German, and was born on board a vessel while his parents were emigrating to this country, and he used to boast that he ' never was born on the face of God's earth.' Samuel Robinson and Samuel M.Orcutt were at one time associated in mercantile business, and occupied the room now used ROXBURY. 763 by J. F. Pearson as a harness shop. This was the second store kept in town. They did a good business, and to use my in- formant's own words, 'There was not so many Bostons then as now ; then the Granger did not trouble the merchant, and the potato bug did not bother the Granger ; then the merchants drew their molasses without the help of patent gates, and sold new rum without a license.'' Elijah Ellis lived where Mrs. Brackett now does. He built the house at this place, and it was the first house builfin town that was arranged for the use of stoves, I am informed. He had no fire- place or ' stack of chimneys,' as they were called, and people thought it a great de- parture from the old ways. Ellis also built the first clover-mill in town. [See Mrs. Mansfield's record.] About this time Moses Woodard lived where Peter Gilbert now does, whose son was the noted manufacturer of the frames of saddles. There was a tavern kept here for some time, and the place was known as the center of the town. Below Wood- ward's, on the road leading to where the village now is. lived James Bancroft, who was for many years town clerk, and has left upon the town records some splendid specimens of penmanship, that might well serve for copies for many at this day. There were in 18 10 but three houses where the village now is — the house of Mr. Bur- roughs, near where Mrs. Martell lives, and two others, near where Charles Leonard now resides. At this time, 18 10, there was a considerable portion of the town settled. After the return of our volunteers from Plattsburgh, with the exception of town meetings and trainings, the town was com- paratively quiet. These trainings were held at various places, sometimes at Billa Woodard's and Capt. Orcutt's, on the east hill, and often near the tavern of John M. Spaulding. Mr. Spaulding kept this tav- ern, and was also proprietor of a saw-mill and grist-mill at this place. Then one day in each week was set apart for the grind- ing of salt. Coarse salt was the only kind of that commodity that could be obtained, and as the thrifty housewives then, as now, took great pride in making good butter, they had of necessity to grind their salt at the grist-mill. Mr. Spaulding built the hotel in the village in 1830. He was an energetic business man, and accumulated a handsome property for those honest days. For many years the towti meetings were held at dwellings in various parts of the town. I find by consulting the town rec- ords that these meetings were held at the houses of the following-named gentlemen, in the order that they occur : Jedediah Huntington, Samuel Richardson, Chris- topher Huntington, Lemuel Smith, Ichabod Munsel, Billa Woodard, Samuel M. Orcutt and Luther Ainsworih. After this they were held at the village, in the meeting- house and hotel hall, until the town-house was built, in 1854. The verd antique marble was discovered in Roxbury, 1833, by a gentlemen named McCain. No State in the Union has a better rec- ord in connection with the war of the re- bellion than Vermont — and no town in the State has a better one than Roxbury. With a population of 1060, Roxbury gave the Union army 95 brave soldiers, 8 of whom re-enlisted. Co. H, 6th Vt. Regt,, under command of Capt. D. B. Davenport, was recruited in this town in the fall of 1861. Besides this company there were residents of this town in many other regiments. Twenty-six of these died in the service of their country. ..... Besides these, there were of those who enlisted from other places, but who were residents of this town, two that died — Homer Pearson in a rebel pris- on, at Salisbury, N. C, and Samuel Shep- herd, who was a member of a Massachu- setts regiment, in the service. In all, 29 men of this town fell in the defense of hu- man liberty. I wish that this town might imitate the action of other towns, and erect a monument to the memory of these martyrs. So far as manufacturing is concerned, Roxbury has done but little, and doubtless the wealth that is obtained here must come through the hard hand of the farmer. Mr. Shubal Wales, who kept tavern at East Roxbury many years ago, was also propri- etor of clothing works at that place, but it was not a very extensive concern. The people here have to a considerable extent, been dependent upon itinerant preachers. After Mr. Huntington remov- ed to Canada, the settlers at East Roxbury secured the services of Elder Seaver. of Williamstown, and meetings were held in the school house. Elder Hovey also held meetings there, and soon after a Calvinist Baptist church was formed. There has been, I think, a church organization there ever since. Their present church, the First Christian, was organized in Feb., 1863. Rev. Henry Howard is now their pastor. The union house of worship was built in this village in 1839. Previous to this, the meetings were held in school houses, and sometimes in barns. Considerable excite- ment was occasioned at the time the first minister in town was ordained. In those days, there were many lay preachers, and 764 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. one of these, a man named Culver, was privately ordained and laid claim to this lot, together with all the improvements that had been made upon it. The select- men of the town objected to this, but Cul- ver would not yield, and then they endeav- vored to have a preacher named Smith, better known as " Happy John," ordained. He declined, and Ophir Shipman was next appealed to. He consented, and was the first regularly ordained minister in Rox- bury. He held the value of the land with- out improvements. The result of this strife was the destroying of the Baptist church at this place. My fellow townsmen, in conclusion, let me say that I would that this task of chronicling a history of our town might have been performed by abler hands than mine. With the short time alio ted me I could, of course, give nothing but a rough sketch of those incidents brought most vividly to my notice. I trust they are in the main correct. My thanks are due those who have so kindly furnished me with material, and I hope the day is not far distant when a fuller and more com- plete history may be written. If you de- rive half the pleasure in listening to this that I have in learning of those pioneers in our town, I shall be satisfied. I think we are too apt in this fast age not to look back to the lives and deeds of those who have gone before. Said Edmund Burke, "A people who do not look back to their ancestors will not look forward to their posterity," and still there are many to-day if called upon to give the maiden name of their grandmother would be una- ble to do so. To know more of those whose places we now fill, to learn of their virtues, to know wherein they erred, is our right and duty. In our little mountain town, away up among the Green Moun- tains, we have no great history to write of, no mighty deeds of valiant men to chroni- cle, no biography of some brilliant person who has gone from here and startled the world with his genius, for no native of Roxbury has been, to my knowledge, a member of Congress or of the State Prison either, but simply a story of hardy men and brave women seeking and making their homes among these hills. There are times when, perhaps, we may wish for a more genial clime and a more fertile soil, but none of us after living here a series of years will fail to love these hills, for it is our home. When we consider the changes that have been wrought in our State and nation during the past century, we know that our little town has kept pace with the rest. How diiTerent the scene of to-day and the one Samuel Richardson gazed on when first he came here. Atour feet still murmurs that little mountain stream that sparkled in the autumn sunlight of 86 years ago, but how changed is the rest. Then it was an unbroken forest, with naught but wild beasts for inmates ; now it is teeming with the marks of improvement. The iron horse is going at lightning speed through our valley ; step to yonder telegraph office and in a moment's time a thought of yours may be flashed to the Golden Gates of the Pacific, or, sent beneath the ocean's bed, may be heard on another continent ; on our hillsides are evidences of great improve- ments, machinery supplants labor, and the products of other climes may be ours at prices almost nominal. Forth from these hillsides come a thousand sparkling streams with water pure and clear as our lives should be ; across these hills the strong, invigorating air is ever waving, giving health and happiness, and here in our peaceful homes ought to be found hearts grateful to the Giver of all these blessings. But the tottering forms of these aged ones who have assembled here to-day, tell us plainly that it is but a brief happiness we have to enjoy here, and that with each re- turn of this golden harvest time, new mounds will have been made in our valleys and on our hillsides, marking the spot where some one is resting from his labors, and may God grant that when the last summons shall come, and the places we now occupy shall know us no more, that our lives shall have been such as to bear well the scrutiny of the Great Hereafter. A CENTURY OLD STORY. BY MRS. SARAH BItlGIIAM MANSFIELD. (Read at the Roxbury Centennial.) Ah; what more inspiring tlieme For poet's pen or poet's dream Tlian to go baclf an luindro(i years— To dream of all the hopes and fears. The heart-throbs and the pain Of those who lived, and loved, and died — Who felled the forests, dark and wide — Who. with nnswerving, constant toil, Cleared these broad acres, tilled the soil, Themselves a home to gain. A hundred years, or less, ago Deep waters had their ebb and flow; The willow bowed its graceful head Above the water-lily's bed. Where stands this village now. The bear and wolf roamed without fear. With now and then a moose or deer, And the primeval forests rang With shrieks of panther— the birds sang Their loftiest, sweetest strains, I trow. • The red man oft-times wandered through These dim old woods; ahl brave and true Were they who mid th' green hills of Vermont Sought and found homes; my word upou't, A uobler, truer race ROXBURY. 765 Than those old yeomen ne'er were seen ; Though brown of cheek, nor graceful mien Had they, their record shows A list of deeds tliat brighter glows As years come on apace. In a sweet glade, beside a wood, A century gone, a cabin stood; A purling bi'ook trilled joyously along. And bird-notes echoed back the song. While little children fair Joined in the chorus at their play ; What wonder that their hearts were gay— From the dread war papa had come. To spend his days in peace at home; How light seemed every carel 'Twas springtime; adder-tongues were up; 'Nealli the dry leaves the arbutus' cup; Rude troughs still caught the flowing sweet From the rock maple; tiny feet Made fairy footprints all around. One little lad, with crisp brown curls, And full white brow, fair as a girl's. Will) dusk-bright eyes, brim full of glee, Pet of that humble home was he — Humble, yet with love crowned. " O, let me mind the fire," he cried, " to day, And watch the sap, to see it boil away ; You go to dinner, one and all — Please let nie stay; I'm not so very small, I'll have you all to know; I'm a big boy, 'most eight years old. And not a bit afraid; now do not scold, For won't I make the kettle singl — And don't forget my lunch to bring— I'm starved almost!— now go." And so they left him, bright-eyed Ned; " He'll keep all right, we know," they said, " And feel as proud as any king— The little, pompous, silly thing. To think such work is play." And while they dined, the mother brought A dainty lunch of trout they'd caught. And good sweet bread, both brown and white: '•Now haste thee, husband, from my sight, Nor linger by the way ; "My heart is sad — oh I strangely sad— For fear of harm to the dear lad ; I know he's brave— as brave as good — But wild beasts lurk in the deep wood — Oh I haste thee to our child." "Fie I fie I upon thy woman's fears; The boy is safe— dry up thy tears; And when he comes with me to-night, Thou'lt smile upon this foolish fright — Hi loves the deep woods wild." Yet, as his hurried steps drew near, Why blanched his cheek with sudden fear? Ah! what was there his keen eye scanned? Prints of moccasined feet on every hand, With the bare ones of little Ned; An arrow and a wooden spoon- But where the boy they left at noon? The frantic father called in vain; Sad echo answered back the strain — Forever lost! it said. On through the forest, dark and wild. The frenzied father sought his child ; Through mountain gorge, o'er hill and dale, Till steps grew slow, cheeks wan and pale. He sought, but never found. Spring, summer, waned, and autumn came, Rich with ripe fruits and golden grain; But from that pleasant cabin home The light and joy for aye had flown-;- N'o little narrow mound, Rose-strewn, where they could go and weep. And know their darling was asleep Beneath the flowers ; no such relief Had tliose poor hearts; in silent grief They passed each weary day. White grew the mother's raven hair. Deep care lines 011 the brow once fair. Watching and waiting all in vain; The dear one came not back again — He was lost to them for aye. The stolen child was agrand-uncleof the writer. OUR ROXBURY VISIT. When in print so far as with Middlesex, we had no certain historian for Roxbury engaged, but learning by chance corres- pondence that Mrs. Sarah Brigham Mans- field was residing at Roxbury, made her a visit with much confidence, we had found the best person in the town to write out the historic record of Roxbury. While visiting Mrs. Mansfield, we also made a little trip into the Mad River Valley, that we had never dreamed of as so pretty ; heard Rev. P. B. Fisk in his address at the Fair at Waitsfield, and visited the birth- town of the Brigham family and Mrs. Laura Brigham Boyce. Mr. and Mrs. Mansfield pointed out many an old site named in our Fayston history, fresh from the press ; now Mr. M., the old home site of his father, which strangely the writer had somehow overlooked. Riley Mansfield, born in Winchen- don, Mass., came from there when 19 years old, with an ox-team, by marked trees, through the heart of the Vermont wilderness, and located in the valley of Fayston, clearing himself a farm and rolling up the logs for his first log-house.' He lived in this town till his death, and raised a large family, and was one of the principal landholders of his day, as the Fayston records attest. His farms and mortgages on farms covered much of the territory of the town ; but he was no op- pressor. A neighbor under einbarrass- ment came to him one day, and said, "I want you to buy that 50-acre lot of mine. If I can turn it into money, I can save my farm and myself from ruin." "I will take 766 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. it," said Mr. M., and paid him his price for the land. The man afterwards said to him, "You saved me and my family from utter failure." A little later, hard times again came, and the neighbor was again in deep gloom. How he could meet his taxes he did not know. He had some fine sheep, but sheep were down in the market ; no one wanted to buy for half their worth. The melancholy man came down one afternoon to see if Mr. M. would not buy his sheep. Mr. M. was absent. He told his story to Mrs. M., and said he knew of no one else who would give him the worth of his sheep, but he thought that Mr. M. might, and let him have the money. Mrs. M., sorry for the man, and knowing the neighborly spirit of her hus- band, told him that she thought Mr. M. might buy the sheep, and she would tell him when he came home, and she thought he would be up there that night. The man left a little encouraged. Mr. M. did not return till late. Mrs. M. told him, but it was lo o'clock before he had his chores done, and he put off going up till the next morning. He went up then, but the man had hung himself in the night. His wife said to Mr. M., " Had you come up last night, it would have saved his life." Mr. M., although no ways obligated, always regretted that he had not gone up that night, late as it was. He brought apple-seeds from New Hamp- shire, and planted orchards around his old homestead 63 years ago ; trees yet remain there that sprang from the seed he planted then. Mr. M. removed from where he first settled to a farm on Mill brook, where he made his home the last 25 years of his life. His first home was adjoining the old Brigham farm on Fayston hill. His house was within 20 rods of where George Boyce now lives. He sold to Mr. Brig- ham and Mr. Griggs a part of their farms (old Stephen R. Griggs was the one who committed suicide). From Obituary. — "Riley Mansfield, of Fayston, died Jan. 14, , aged nearly J"] years ; another of our oldest and most respected citizens is gone, almost the last of the pioneer men who came to our town in its early settlement, or before it had be- come largely settled or improved. He came 56 years ago, and helped by his life- long industry to make the wilderness to blossom as a garden. At 23, he was con- verted at a camp-meeting, and united with the Methodist church, of which he was a member at time of his death. In 1822 he married Betsey Chase, who died Mar. 11, ^y2>- Of ^ large family, but one son, Martin Mansfield, is now living. He was respect- ed for his sterling worth ; there lives no man who will say, ' Uncle Riley,' as he was called by all his neighbors, ever know- ingly cheated him one cent. Of his sudden death he seemed to have a premonition. He began to feel unwell Wednesday after- noon, and died on Friday near midnight. About an hour before he died, he dressed himself and laid down again on his bed, apparently comfortable, and died as an in- fant hushed to sleep in its mother's arms." After his death it was found he had written in his diary the Sabbath evening before, the following : "Jan. 9, Sabbath Evening. Now we know not what is before us ; we frequently hear of people being found dead, and as you all, my dear children, are away from me, the thought came to me that I might never see any of you again. Oh, what a feeling came over me ! I felt that I could not go to bed without writing a few words of entreaty that you would not let the busy scenes and cares of this life hinder you from preparing for the life to come. Oh, do think of the life that never, never ends! Think what folly it is to make overmuch provision for the flesh only to be enjoyed a few days! It is the height of folly for people to live as most do, and for professors of religion to live as all the world do, laying up treasures on earth. What I wrote on the other page (of this diary), was after I was ready to go to bed, but after these thoughts came to me, I made another fire and sat down and wrote this, hoping you might find it, and hoping it might have some influence on your lives. It may be your loving father's last request." It was his last request to his children, for he never beheld their faces again, his death on the next Friday night being so. unexpected, they were not sent for until all was over. ROXBURY. 767 BETSEY CHASE, who lived on Waitsfield Mountain, mother of Mrs. Riley Mansfield, of Fayston (see previous, page — ), used to tell many tales of almost incredible hardships and priva- tions. Her husband, Thomas Chase, served in the Revolutionary War, and she cared for her little family as best she could, as they were very poor, in the springtime subsisting upon milk and leeks (wild onions), and such small game as she could get, being an adept in the use of a rifle or shot-gun. At one time, when the army was in desperate need of recruits, and they were pressed into the service with but very little ceremony. When it was known offi- cers were in town for that purpose, many poor fellows, who much preferred to re- main by their own firesides to enduring the perils of war, would hide until the en- listing officers had left town. They, learn- ing this, devised a plan to catch them by letting loose their cattle in the night, and concealing themselves to watch for the men to come out and care for them. Sev- eral times one night Mrs. Chase heard the tinkling of her old cow-bell in her corn- field, and each time marched resolutely out and drove old "Crmnpie" into the yard, making all fast, and returned to the house, to have the same repeated, until the re- cruiting officer and men with him wearied out (at last,) made themselves and their errand known, and when told her husband was already in the service, were somewhat chop-fallen, but declared she was a brave woman, fit to be a soldier's wife. She was a strong, robust woman, and never seemed to know the meaning of the word fear. She often said she would as soon meet the devil in the dark as a man. Whether this was a bit of sarcasm on the " sterner sex" she never explained. Some of her superstitious neighbors called her a "witch," for her prophecies often came true, and they feared nothing so much as her displeasure, "lest some evil should come upon them." This rather pleased her than otherwise, as in this way she kept some disorderly neighbors very submissive. She died in Waitsfield, April, 1852, aged over 90 years. The account of Riley Mansfield and Thomas and Betsey Chase belong to the towns of Fayston and Waitsfield, but hav- ing been overlooked at home, we include them with this near neighboring town, and the more easily, as Mrs. Mansfield has most cordially and permanently connected herself here as the historian of the town, though the family have now all removed from Roxbury and reside at Fairhaven. MR. buknham's reminiscences. . Deer. — Mr. E. P. Burnham, merchant at the village, told us he can remember some 50 years ago, when the deer used to herd together in spruce thickets on these mountains in the winter, and when the snow melted in the March days, and froze at night, making a crust, the hunters would be out the next morning for the deer. He says he has been on these mountains many times when the deer were so thick you could not count their tracks — the tracks were like a thousand sheep in the snow. The hunters frequently shot and brought in several deer at a time. He distinctly remembers when they brought in five at one time. He was graphic in his remembrances of Crandall, of whom Mrs. Mansfield has some anecdotes on the foregoing pages. "Some 50 years ago," says Mr. B., " there lived in this town a man by the name of John B. Crandall, but who was named and called by all his townsmen Judge Crandall, a drinking, miserable being, but a man with natural talent. He would get into debt and get sued, and defend himself in the courts. He managed his own case and plead his own cause before the jury, and usually with success. Judge Weston brought a suit for debt against him one time, however, in Randolph, when Cran- dall thought he would have some help, and engaged one of Judge Weston's stu- dents to help defend him. When the cause came on, the student arose to argue CrandalPs case, but, awed by the presence of his master, began to hesitate. Crandall stood it for a moment. He had an invet- erate habit of spitting when excited. For a moment he sat spitting, when, arising, 768 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. drawing his ragged, slightly liquorfied form up to its full height, he spit once, twice, thrice. Said he, 'Sit down! sit down! You are afraid of the d d cuss ; let me try him!' He did try him, and won his case out and out with the jury, to the great amusement of all who heard the defense. He had a family. His own boys took after him in drinking, but had none of his power of wit and argument. I think they were more like their mother, who was a famous talker, but not well balanced. Some neighbors in of an evening, the old lady would sit and tell over her wise things ; the old man, under the influence of liquor, in his chair sit and doze, and when she had chatted away and told her long yarns till late, arouse himself up and say, ' A dumb fool always knows the most.'" The poor old man, of marked ability, but a wreck from his bad habit, died at last, and his curious old wife and his un- educated sons following in his steps, that never were any benefit to the community ; but in the thud generation, under the in- fluence of a better education, the ability of the grandfather again cropped markedly out. His grandsons have the strong nat- ural ability without the dissipation of their grandfather or fathers, and make fine men. THE 9OTH BIRTHDAY PARTY of Mrs. Betsey C. Spalding, of which Mrs. Mansfield has briefly spoken, was, indeed, a very unique and pleasant gather- ing, and as the oldest birthday party ever celebrated in Roxbury, should perhaps have a little more notice. Her five chil- dren, all living, were present : ErastusN., Billings, Mrs. Brackett, Mrs. P. Wiley, Mrs. A. N. Thompson, her daughter-in- law and her sons-in-law, and the grand- children in part : Mrs. L. P. Thompson, from Clarence, la. ; Mrs. Arthur Bradley, of Maiden, Mass. ; William Wiley, of White River Junction ; Charles, of St. Albans ; Edwin and Delia Wiley, Clinton Brackett, George Tilden, with their husbands and wives and four great-grandchildren, "un- cles, cousins and aunts." Over the front door was " Welcome! " in cedar; within, the mammoth cake on the table, "a pyr- amid of snowy whiteness, crowned with an exquisite white rose with silver leaves," a rose-pyramid rising beside, the gift of the great-grandchildren, of ninety rosebuds, rare specimens, just bursting into beauty, that filled the room with their delicious perfume; over the wall above, " 1791 and i8gi ; " another table — an elegant bouquet of hot-house flowers from St. Albans friends, a mound of asters, artistically ar- ranged, very handsome, from Mrs. E. P. Burnham, with letters of regret from friends who could not come, on the table. The photographer was there, and views taken of the family gathered about the aged mother in front of her house. Then there was the bountiful supper in the town-hall, five long tables, the central one laid with the mother's old-fashioned mulberry ware and silver of " ye olden" solidity and style ; and after, the birthday address by Rev. Eli Ballou, of Bethel, who referred to Mrs. Spalding's coming to Roxbury when the town was but a wilderness, being one of the first settlers. He spoke feelingly of the kind, loving mother she had been, how deserving of all their love and respect ; this occasion would remain a bright spot in their memories. Mrs. S. was born in Strafford, Ct., married John Spalding at 20, and came to Roxbury. NORA, BLOSSOM OF THE MAY. BY A. WEBSTER. Where departed kindred sleep, And tlie living came and weep. Laid we, on a vernal day, Nora, blossom of the May. Seven summers' suns and flowers, Seven autumns' russet bowers. Eight sweet springtimes, fair and guy. Saw our blossom of the May. Mild was slie, and sweetly fair. Azure eyes and nut-bi'own hair; Voice that rivaled warblers' lay. Had our blossom of the May. Earth is sad now she is gone. Heaven anotlier charm has won; Where to meet, we hope and pray, Nora, blossom of the May. Best, sweet blossom, rest in peace, Where all pains and sorrows cease; In our liearts shall ue'er decay, Nora, blossom of the May. Nora, blossom of the May, Pride of her parental spray. Sweetly bloomed and passed away, Nora, blossom of the May. WAITSFIELD. 769 WAITSFIELD. BY REV. P. B. FISK. [Note.— The writer desires at tlie outset, to ac- knowledge gratefully the assistance he has received from several of his fellow-townsmen, and especially to give the credit due to the late Jennison Jones, Esq., for his MS., in whicli most of the facts and dates prior to 1850, were faithfully recorded.] The township owes its name to Gen. Benjamin Wait — the first settler and lead- ing proprietor of the town. It is situated in the south-western part of Washington Co., bounded by Moretown, Northfield, Warren, and Fayston. Its post-office is 20 miles (more or less) from the capital of the State, and lies snugly embedded just in the "Fork of the Y" of the Green Mountain range. The valley of the Mad river, running from south-west to north- east intersects it, the serpentine course ot the stream both beautifying the scenery, and enriching and devouring by turns the meadows through which it winds its way. At the bottom of the deeply cut channel of the river may be seen the trunks of old trees, partly washed out, projecting from the banks, which must have been a hun- dred years old before they were overthrown. They are buried at a depth of about 10 feet in pebbles, gravel, and surface soil. Moreover, 60 years ago there was a heavy growth of timber standing on this soil. Probably this original forest was over- thrown by the river, and the soil after- wards deposited, for the channel of the stream is by no means permanent. Since the remembrance of the writer it has worn to the east or west as many as 15 rods. The uplands are under cultivation as well as the interval land, and though broken are strong ; for the most part, they make ample returns to the dairyman and the shepherd. In spite of all these drawbacks the land is so productive that real estate brings a high price ; and it was well said by Mr. Jones in his sketch, that the town- ship was capable of supporting a much larger population than it has ever seen. No better crops are produced than by these farmers of Waitsfield, who take proper pains with their work. The forests which remain are a mi.xture of hard and soft wood, maple and spruce predominating. The landscape is set off finely with a scal- loped border, by the line of green hills, which completely inclose it as far as the eye can see ; leaving, apparently, no outlet even for the river ; and a few points, like those of "Bald" mountains and "Old Scrag," on the east and south ; Lincoln, with its slides, and Camel's Hump on the west, and Mansfield far in the north. On either side of this valley several fair sized brooks flow down from the hillsides, turning, or capable of turning, many busy wheels as they go. Of these the largest are Mill and Shepard's brooks on the west, and Pine brook on the east side of the river. White cottages are to be seen on either side the valley, and about there plenty of the evidences of thrift and com- fort — often of taste and refinement ; and the roads at all seasons are remarkably good through this whole valley. The landscape is pronounced, even by strangers, to be picturesque and charming beyond many others in Vermont, none of which are wanting in rural attractions. Mad river received its name doubtless from the fact that — the mountain slopes being so near and steep — the surplus water is almost immediately thrown off into the brooks, and by them poured out into the river, which of course rises like sudden anger overflowing its banksj and devouring them at will. Waitsfield is almost precisely at the geographical center of the State of Ver- mont, and tradition has it that the commis- sioners to locate the State Capital " stuck their stake " almost precisely where the village now stands. But Gen. Wait de- clared " he wouldn't have his meadow cut up," and so he saved the town from that honor. INCORPORATION. The charter is dated Feb. 25, 1782, or 5 years after Vermont declared herself a free and independent State, signed by the ven- erable Thomas Chittenden, governor at the time. It was then a part of Chittenden County until 1811, when embraced in the new county called Jefferson, formed after- wards, called Washington. The township was .supposed to include a tract of 23,030 97 770 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. acres. In 1788, it was found to contain 13,850 acres, or plus 840 acres. Tlie de- scription in the charter runs : 6 miles, 1 26 chains on tlie northerly side ; 5 miles, 27 chains on the easterly side ; 6 miles on the southerly side ; 6 miles, 67 chains on the westerly side. PROPRIETORS AND THEIR DOINGS. The grant of the township was made "to Benjamin Wait, Roger Enos, and their associates, to the number of seventy." It was designed to have been divided into 75 equal shares (five of which were to be set apart for public use), containing 318 acres each — two lots of 150 acres each in the 1st division, and one lot of 18 acres in the 2d division. The survey of the ist division, viz. : of that part lying west of the mountain, was made in 1788, and this survey and plot was accepted by the pro- prietors. But as the lots began to be taken up and cleared, it was found the survey was very inaccurate. The 2d range of lots from the Moretown line are actually 180 rods wide ;■ the 5th range only about 120 rods wide; the 6th range 180 rods, again ; also measuring the other way, there is a discrepancy, so that, for example, lot No. 107, first occupied by Mr. Salma Rider, contains 200 acres; lot No. 127, first occupied by Mr. John Burdick, only 115 acres. This inaccuracy in the ist division made trouble in the survey of the 2d division, which was to consist of 70 lots, of 18 acres each. This survey was made by Stephen Maine in 1795, and the work — as far as he was really responsible for it — was done well ; but the gore proved to be about twice as wide as Mr. Strong had put it down. Mr. Maine relied implicitly on the field-book and plot of Mr. Strong, and made out his plot of the small lots before he entered upon the survey, and actually surveyed and marked the bounds of nearly half the lots before he discovered the mistake. Gen. Wait, one of the commissioners, was then consulted, and he was ordered to proceed with his work as he had begun, which he accordingly did, and the lots contain about 36 acres instead of 18. The errors of Mr. Strong's survey were at the time charged against his chain-men ; but Mr. Jonathan Marshal, late of Bethel, one of the party, relates that "they kept their big jug near Mad river, and carried a small jug with them on their routes. In sur- veying the 4th range, the small jug gave out, and they, having run back 20 rods to avoid an impassable ledge, forgot to make allowance for it in their haste to get back again.'' So, probably ' ' strong water " was the cause of the discrepancy. Five shares were granted for public pur- poses ; one each to the University of Ver- mont, the County Grammar School, the town schools, the support of preaching, and the first settled minister. Subtractions. — In 1822, "four tier of lots, including the small lots of the 2d di- vision, on the easterly side of the town," were set off to Northfield by the Legisla- ture. The tract lay on the Northfield side of the mountain, and in all business mat- ters, except town business, the inhabitants naturally gravitated toward that village. In 1846, 6 lots more, aggregating 2,400 acres, making in all 8,310 acres taken from the original grant, were added to North- field, leaving a trifle more than two-thirds of the original 36 square miles to Waits- field. The line between the two towns is now "placed as near the top of the mountain as it could be without dividing lots. The first proprietors' meeting was held in Windsor, June 30, 1788, adjourned to meet at Timothy Lull's, in Hartland, Nov. 4, 1788. It is probable that the adjourned meeting was held, but the record does not decide it so. The next date upon the records is "Woodstock, June 2, 1789," when a tax was voted to defray the ex- penses of obtaining the charter and making the survey. The names of those who voted the tax are given, together with the number of "rights" which each repre- sented : Zebulon Lee, 17 rights; Benjamin Wait, 5 ; Joel Matthews, 3 ; John Marsh, 5 ; Ezra Jones, 3 ; Wm. Sweetzer, 3 ; Anthony Morss, I : Reuben Skinner, 3 ; or eight men representing 40 shares out of the 70. The remaining 30 shares were sold Sept. WAITSFIELD. 771 23, 1789, for taxes, at auction, bringing "^i, IDS. per lot." The most of them were bid off by Gen. Wait, who seems to have become from that time the " major- ity" of the proprietors. The records of the proprietors are exceedingly meagre, and most likely inaccurate, perhaps owing to the custom of "adjourning 15 minutes to meet at this place," just after organiza- tion, the interval being long enough to allow the clerk (to say nothing of the rest of the assembly), time to muddle his brains with toddy. In 1790, a petition was presented to the Legislature "for a tax of 2d. per acre," to be expended in building roads, bridges and mills in the town. This being grant- ed, it was equally divided between the mills on the one hand, and the roads and bridges on the other. In consequence, a saw-mill and grist-mill were speedily put in running order at the south-west corner of the town, by John Heaton, known as "Green's Mills," or the "Mill Village," and later as "Irasville." Before this the people had a large birch stump which they used for a mortar to pound hominy in, and were obliged to carry their wheat as far as Hancock to reach a regular grist- mill. THE FIRST ACTUAL SETTLEMENT was made by Gen. Wait and family, in 1789. His house was erected on the meadow near the spot where his remains are buried. At that time, there was no other dwelling within 10 or 12 miles in any direction. Northfield already had a small settlement. Roxbury was occupied the same year, and Moretown the next. Fays- ton was an unbroken wilderness for more than 7 years after Gen. Wait came to Waitsfield. The town was not formally organized until 5 years afterward, or in 1794. In 1795, the first representative was elected, there being then 27 legal voters in town. This representative was naturally GEN. BENJAMIN WAIT, of whom personally a few words ought to be spoken at this point. He was a native of Sudbury, Mass., being born Feb. 13, 1736. In the language of "Thompson's Vermont" (p. 178) : " He possessed a firm and vigorous constitution, and early manifested a disposition and talent for military enterprise. At the age of 18, he entered the service of his country under the brave Gen. Amherst. In 1756, he was taken by the French, carried to Quebec, and from thence sent as a prisoner to France. On the coast of France, he was retaken by the British, and carried to Eng- land. In the spring of 1757, he returned to America, and in 1758, assisted in the capture of Louisburgh. During the two succeeding years, he aided in the reduction of Canada. After the submission of Can- ada, he was sent, by the commandant of Detroit, to Illinois to bring in the French garrisons included in the capitulation. He performed this difficult service with singu- lar perseverance and success. At 25 years of age, he had been engaged in 40 battles and skirmishes, and his clothes were sev- eral times perforated with musket balls, but he never received a wound. In 1767, he removed to Windsor, in this State, and constituted the third family in the town- ship. He acted a decided and conspicu- ous part in favor of Vermont in the contro- versy with New York. In 1776, he en- tered the service of the United States as captain, and fought under the banners of Washington till the close of the war, during which time he had been raised to the rank of colonel. After this he was made a brigadier general of militia, and was for 7 years high sheriff of the county of Wind- sor. After he came to Waitsfield, he made profession of religion, and lived an exem- plary life to the last. He is said to have been of more than medium height, stout, of very light com- plexion, and until the day of his death, singularly erect, whether sitting, standing or riding. One incident will illustrate something of his usual manner. His son, at that time a man of middle age, having been bitten by a rabid dog, was urged in vain by his friends to go at once to a com- petent physician. His delay was occa- sioned by the pressure of his work, and the distance which he must put between 772 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. himself and home. At that time there was no reliable physician nearer than Woodstock. The father becoming very anxious about his son, appeared on horse- back, and with another horse saddled, at his son's house, without previous notice, and said, " Young man! mount this horse and go to Woodstock with me ! There is a man to take care of your farm," pointing to a man who came with him. The son obeyed without argument, and was res- cued, though not without plain symptoms of hydrophobia, and a tedious summer of practical imprisonment, from which he once broke away, but was persuaded and carried back by his resolute father, who did not leave him alone much of the time. Gen. Wait lived to the age of 86 years. His death occurred suddenly and unex- pectedly, at the house of a friend, June 28, 1822. He started out that morning, say- ing that he had business to do, which would take him to the Center and around by the lower "bridge. That after doing this, he intended to call at John Burdick's, and that after this journey was finished he should be ready to go. Arriving at the latter place, he complained of feeling un- well, and expired before his family could be notified. His remains were deposited in the grave-yard on the meadow just back of the village school-house. A marble monument marks the spot, which was paid for by subscription of the citizens, but which never satisfied them and ought never to have been accepted. Of his descend- ants, only a grand-daughter, Mrs. Harriet Carpenter, and some of her children and grandchildren remain in town. In 1797, the number of legal voters had increased from 27 to 61. The checklist of that year having been preserved, we are able to state that only three of these were living in 1850, while the number of inhabi- tants had increased to 1048, the remainder after a large district had been set off to Northfield. The vote for governor that year amounted to 182. The grand list was $2691.68. In 1869, there were 1005 in- habitants ; the vote for governor was 186 ; the grand list is $3536.63 ; but the basis of the grand list having been materially modi- fied, these figures do not properly indicate the growth of the town. Previous to 1842, land was listed at 6 per cent. ; buildings at 4 per cent., and stock at rates according to age and value. Now the whole prop- erty is listed at one per cent. Only 10 of the family names mentioned in the voting list of 1797 are now to be found in town ; five of these in the north district. In 1850, there were living 21 men and several women, whose ages ranged from 78 to 88 years. Of these only 1 1 family names re- main. The names which for many years predominated were Joslin and Jones, the former from Weathersfield, the latter from Claremont, N. H., with a liberal seasoning also of Smiths, Stoddards and Barnards, natives of Shelburne and Deerfield, Mass. At the present time (1869,) the Vt. Reg- ister represents Waitsfield as having i attorney, 4 physicians, 2 clergymen, 8 merchants, i hotel-keeper, i artist, 9 man- ufacturers of all crafts. The chief business of the town.speople is farming. The chief products or ex- ports are butter and cheese, maple sugar, (100,800 lbs. of sugar were made in 1868,) wood, good horses, and cattle. There are two villages in the town, one of which monopolizes about all the mercantile busi- ness, being so situated as to make itself the natural center, not only of Waitsfield but of Fayston, and to a considerable ex- tent of Warren. They have a daily mail from Middlesex, and several teams are running continually to and from the rail- road, carrying lumber and bringing mer- chandise. The Congregational church stands on an eminence neither out of nor in the vil- lage. The old brick church is the only church edifice in the village proper. The Methodist society propose to erect a new church by its side in due time. The Hon. Roderick Richardson once offered the town a beautiful piece of land fronting on both the principal streets, for a public park and village-hall site, if they would improve it suitably. But with the same foresight which characterized Gen. Wait in refusing the State house when offer- ed,- the town let the opportunity pass, and a WAITSFIELD. m dwelling-house and garden now occupy the situation. May the time come when the citizens of this town shall have higher and more tasteful ideas than to say, as one once said to the writer, " I had rather see a hill of potatoes in my front yard, any time, than a bunch of flowers." There are no men of immense fortunes in town, but a number who have become wealthy in the popular, Vermont sense, by cultivating their farms, and by mercan- tile employments. There are scarcely any families who are not able to live comfor- tably. WAR RECORD. In the " memorial record of Waitsfield," prepared with great care by Rev. A. B. Dascomb, the number of our soldiers stands as follows : No. credited to the town by government, 95. No. of different individ- uals who served, 87. Died from sickness, 10. Killed in action, 8. Several died after discharge from disease contracted and wounds received in service. The record of the standing of these men at their discharge or death is as follows : The list of their names in the order of enlistment, with their ages and rank at discharge, is as follows : C. M. Benedict, age 20, private. L. D. Savage, 23, private. A. H. Sellock, 19, private. H. P. Stoddard, 24, private. H. F. Dana, 24, private. F. T. Dana, 20, private. L. Ainsworth, 30, captain. M. Basconner, 27, private. H. N. Bushnell, 23, captain. B. D. Campbell, 18, private. H. F. Dike, 18, private. E. H. Fuller, 21, corporal. Horace B. Stoddard, 19, private. J. Harriman, 29, private. Manly N. Hoyt, 30, private. J. F. Jones, 47, private. G. S. Kneeland, 24, corporal. J. P. Newcomb, 18, private. E. R. Richardson, 24, sergeant. D. P. Shepherd, 27, corporal. M. C. Shepherd, 18, private. L. M. Spaulding, 19, private. S. S. Spaulding, 21, corporal. L. T. Stoddard, 18, corporal. S. Stoddard, 22, private. J. E. Tucker, 20, private. L. C. Peabody, 31, captain. Henry C. Shaw, M. D., 30, surgeon. A. Baird, 18, private. O. C. Campbell, 30, 2d lieutenant. J. H. Elliot, 34, private. H. R. French, 32, private. W. H. H. Greenslit, 26, private. G. B. Hall, 18, corporal. P. Haffman, 23, sergeant. J. H. Ouigley, 28, sergeant. T. Sanders, 29, corporal. H. A. Luce, 23, private. D. Foster, 21, captain. Almon Walker, 45, private. A. D. Barnard, 20, private. F. O. Bushnell, 22, corporal. H. A. Dewey, 30, private. J. Dumas, Jr., 22, private. E. A. Fisk, 20, private. D. Gleason, 42, private. D. Grandy, 24, private. E. A. Hastmgs, 23, private. J. Hines, 24, private. Z. H. McAllister, 21, private. A. D. Page, 21, private. E. F. Palmer, 26, 2d lieutenant. D. Parker, 21, private. L. B. Reed, 21, private. O. C. Reed, 23, private. J. W. Richardson, 43, private. L. Seaver, 17, private. D. S. Stoddard, 23, corporal. T. Stoddard, 18, private. C. G. Thayer, 20, private. J. M. Thayer, 21, private. H. M. Wait, 22, private. E. Whitcomb, 19, private. O. C. Wilder, 34, captain. L. C. Berry, 21, private. G. M. Jones, 19, private. H. Jones, yj, private. E. E. Joslyn, 19, corporal. J. L. Maynard, 29, private. T. T. Prentiss, 19, private. J. N. Richardson, 18, corporal. L. S. Richardson, 20, private. S. L. Kneeland, 18, private. J. W. Parker, 17, private. J. Sterling, 19, private. 774 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. W. H. Stoddard, i8, private. V. B. Mix, 1 8, private. J.C. Williams, 20, private. A. B. Durkee, 21, private. J. P. Davis, 40, private. W. E. Dana, 18, private. G. P. Welch, 21, private. T. Burke, 21, private. J. H. Somerville, 21, private. E. L. Allen, 19, private. E. McCarty, 20, private. E. A. Burns. 18, private. Captains, 4 ; 2d lieutenants, 2 ; ser- geants, 3: corporals, 11; privates, 50; sharp shooters, 7; cavalry men, 4; bat- tery men, 2 ; Signal corps, i ; surgeon, I ; hospital steward, i ; musicians, i ; in the navy, i. Of those who were natives of this town, who went into the army from other places, there are, 2 ist lieutenants, i cavalry- man, and 12 privates. Most of these belonged to the famous "Vermont Brigade" of the "6th corps," who have received from a grateful country the honor which they thoroughly earned in many a march and battle. The amount of money expended by the town in procuring men for the army ser- vice : Paid for bounty to nine months' men, $575 ; to i year's men, $2,700; to 3 years' men, $6,202 ; to substitutes, $700 ; subsistence for volunteers, $18.10; trans- portation for same, $38.50; services of selectmen and agents, $199.53; total, $10,433.13. The history of the 13th regiment (of 9 months' men) who did good service in guarding the Occoquan during the winter of '62-'63, and also at the battle of Get- tysburg, where they constituted part of Gen. Stannard's command, has been pleas- antly told by Lieut. E. F. Palmer, in a neat little work entitled, "Camp Life." TEMPERANCE. Though it deserves to be said that the early settlers of Waitsfield were remark- ably moral, and many of them pious men, yet they were accustomed to partake of the intoxicating cup at will, and some of them a great deal too freely to be called at that time temperate men, and accidents resulting from intoxication and brawls were of altogether too frequent occurrence, and those who sold grew rich, while those who drank, many of them, " ran down." In 1821, at a "raising," one of the men, Wheeler by name, became intoxicated, and in wrestling, or " trying tricks," fell, and was carried home insensible, and found upon examination, to have expired, after being laid on his bed. This accident startled the whole com- munity, and the faithful pastor improved it by preaching a bold teetotal sermon at his funeral, from the text, " Except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish." Soon after, Dea. Moses Fisk sent out invitations to the raising of a barn, with the proviso that no liquor would be fur- nished. There was, of course, a large gathering, with the ill-concealed design of forcing the Deacon " to cave in." Matters proceeded as usual in such cases, until the moment for raising the ridge-pole, or ' ' rum-pole," as it was called. The order was given to take it up. The' men bent to the task, but strange to say, suddenly found themselves devoid of all strength, and after several trials, and much sham accusation of each other for not lifting, gave it up, saying they could do nothing more until strengthened by liquor. It was late in the afternoon, and the master- workman became so nervous that he finally begged of the Deacon to allow him, at his own expense, to provide a treat. This was refused, and the Deacon, a man of candor and decision worthy of a pioneer, made a short address, thanking his neigh- bors for what they had done, repeating his conviction that drinking was altogether a sin and an injury to the whole commun- ity," referring, with emotion, to Wheeler's death, and then saying, " It will be a se- rious inconveniencce to me if this barn is not finished. I cannot, however, do what my conscience forbids me to do, and if this frame cannot go up without rum, every stick of the timber shall rot on the ground where it lies." After a moment's pause, some one said, " The deacon is a good fellow, and lets up with it," and they went ahead with such WAITSFIELD. 775 eagerness that in a short time the work was done, without any accident or broil, and the people went home all of them well satisfied, and the most of them convinced. Though it is true that afterwards several " raisings" were scenes of riot and acci- dent, yet many were teetotal gatherings. Some who were weakly on the right side were strengthened, and those who did pro- vide rum for such occasions, only aided the temperance movement by furnishing fur- ther demonstration, that the use of rum was evil, and only evil. The earliest move- ment looking towards organization was the formation of a temperance society about 1828; the members of which pledged themselves " to report faithfully every month what kind and quantities of liquors they drank, with the dates and the com- pany." This became at least the occasion of a reform in a few men, while others even withdrew from the society, loving darkness rather than light. A member of that society who " never had anything to report from first to last," said to the writer : " At that time I would no more have signed a teetotal pledge than I would have sold myself for a slave." A teetotal pledge was, however, signed by a number of the people, and a society maintained for some- time before the " Washingtonians " ap- peared, and the people as a majority have adhered to the subsequent measures of reform which have been inaugurated in the State, the old license and late prohibition statutes. The Good Templars have dealt with rumsellers with a spirit worthy of the children of those who sleep in the old cem- etery on the hill. SCHOOL DISTRICTS. The inhabitants of Waitsfield — though for the most part uncultivated men and women — were by no means people of grov- elling ideas. They understood the advant- ages of free schools, and soon after the organization of the town, four school dis- tricts were laid out, in which (at least in a few years) schools were regularly main- tained. These were the North (No. i). The East and Center together, the village, and one mill-village district. At the pres- ent time the number of districts is seven, though they at one time numbered ten. The diminution is owing mainly to the union of districts, the village now sustaining a graded school. The number of scholars is far less now than it must have been 30 years ago. The early settlers and their children, too, raised up large families, and were a good example of those spoken of by one of the sons of Waitsfield : •' For, 111 their ssveet simplicity, tliey liolil A child is better than a ijag of gold." At the present time there are but the few- est few of large families, and these are become a by-word. Several noted men, among whom is Pres- ident Kitchell of Middlebury, began their public career as teachers in these district schools. It has been customary also for many years to secure an undergraduate of some college as teacher of a " fall school " ; but those who would obtain a classical education are obliged to go out of town for it. In the records of the North district, (No. I,) we find some curious specimens of voting and recording, which serve at once as exponents of the parliamentary training of the clerk — of the poverty and trials of the people — and for the diversion of those who have enjoyed the better ad- vantages for which the untaught fathers laid the foundation : Dec. 22, 1797. Article 2d was put to vote to see if the District would hire Mr. S. Smith, to keep school, and engage him 10 bushels of wheat, and passed in the negative. Sept. 25, 181 2. Voted to have three months schooling the ensuing winter, and that the committee be instnicted to procure a teacher capable of teaching reading, writing, arithmetic, grammar and geogra- phy, provided such an one can be got for any other pay than money. (This was during the "second war," so styled.) The school-house, where this business was transacted, was built of logs, badly lighted, and with a huge old fireplace at one end, in which to consume enormous quantities of green wood during the cold winter days without much hope of giving an even temperature to the room. Often 30 cords of wood were burned in a single winter. Yet here were trained up a com- 776 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. pany of men and women who have no- bly served their generation. They had no mathematics beyond the four funda- mental rules and the " rule of three," yet some of them became by their own native wit leaders in public business, and teach- ers of considerable merit. One of them pressed on until, in middle age, by the light of a chip fire, he had mastered Cicero and Virgil, having no Lexicon but that in the old Latin Reader, and no teacher ex- cept occasionally the " master" who came from college to teach the winter school. It should be said, however, that he had text books that were half " pony " at least. This man (Ithamar Smith, now deceased) was especially thorough in his explanations to his pupils when a teacher. One of these explanations was so simple and perfect, that we must not pass it by. He studied intensely one evening to find some actual demonstration of the rule that " the area of a circle is equal to that of a parallelo- gram, the length of which is equal to half the circumference, and the width to half the diameter of the circle." He finally hit upon this. Taking a pie to school for his dinner and cutting it fine, he laid the pieces together "crust to point." The reader will perceive that one half the crusts made the length of the parallelogram, the width of which was the length of a piece of pie, or half the diameter of the pie. No better demonstration could be made than this. Another of these almost self-taught men was once assisting a company of survey- ors, and when they ran oft the lots in dia- mond form, " because the lay of the land made it easier to do so," he declared they were cheating the owner. They looked down upon him from their scientific heights, and haughtily demanded the proof. He quietly took a straw, and bending it into a square — having hold of the opposite cor- ners — said "call that a square lot." Then drawing out a little on the corners, which he held, so as to make a diamond of it, he said, "you say there is just as much land there now?" They replied "of course there is." Drawing it up until there was nothing left, he asked triumphantly, " now is there?" There have been too many instances of rebellion among scholars, and dismissal of teachers who lacked muscle ; and in a proportion with the frequency of these things, a lower grade of scholarship in all the schools. INCIDENTS. Many of the early inhabitants were cer- tainly very credulous and superstitious. A daughter of Mr. Samuel S. Savage, " dreamed three nights in succession, that there was a large pot of Captain Kidd's money buried near a ledge of rocks, a few rods east of the house." This occurred not far from the year 1800. It never en- tered the heads of any of the family, or tlieir neighbors, to ask how Capt. Kidd should chance to be burying money 200 miles and more inland, when only savages inhabited all the wilderness ; but they "had heard it said that whatever was dreamed three nights in succession always came to pass," and so Mr. S. commenced digging for the money. The same tradi- tion enjoined — as indispensable to success — that no word should be spoken during the process, and that some one should sit by and read the Bible all the while. So Nancy sat on the rock reading, and Sam, the son, was sometimes with them. After digging several days, " in stabbing down his crowbar, he hit the identical pot. He distinctly heard the money chink, held his bar on it that it might not escape him, and beckoned to Sam to come and dig it out." Unfortunately, however, he could not make Sam understand, and at length Sam spoke ! Instantly the pot of money moved away, and he could never find it again. The most ridiculous part of the matter, is the fact well attested, that Mr. Savage be- lieved all this, as long as he lived, and was never ridiculed out of it. Somewhat in the same line (though more successful) was the dream, thrice repeated the same night, of a Mr. Rice (late Dea. Rice of Granville,) then in the employ of Gen. Wait, (not far from 179S,) that he went to " the cove," (now part of the mill pond at the village,) and saw a moose, WAITSFIELD. m which he shot and killed, and that a man came along just then with a sled, and car- ried the game in for him. When he arose, having told this to the family, Mrs. Wait took down the old "Queen's arm" and handed it to him with the powder-horn and bullet pouch, when he repaired to the spot, saw the moose, brought him down with a single bullet, and returned with his booty on the sled of the man from Warren, all according to programme. This large story is too well attested to leave any room for contradiction. The writer has many an instance in mind of the scrupulous care with which these grandmothers made sure of the "signs" in all important domestic matters, such as picking the geese and "setting" all sorts of bipeds, making soap, butchering, taking a journey, commencing a piece of work, and one even believed "it would spoil a hasty pudding to stir it against the sun." It seems strange that sturdy men and women, who were not afraid of bears and wolves, and who could ride on horseback " double," and each carry a child to meet- ings — who were possessed of such ster- ling common sense in most matters — should be so completely under the powers of such petty superstitions. ACCIDENTS. It is sometimes remarked that " dead trees fall silently and in still weather." This was illustrated in the case of Wm. Joiner in 1805. He was riding on horse- back through a piece of woods near the house now owned by Dea. David Phelps, when the trunk of a decayed tree fell across his path in such a way as to scratch the pommel of his saddle, and instantly kill his horse, while he remained entirely un- injured. There have been 10 cases of accidental deaths since the organization of the town : In 1810, Lewis Taylor, age 10, was drowned in the flume of a grist-mill ; Enos Wilder, age 35, killed by a tailing tree, and Gilbert Wait, Jr., age 3, killed by falling through an aperture in the chamber floor. In 181 5, a child of Daniel Skinner was smothered in bed. In 1820, a child of Ezra Jones fell from the arms of a girl who was tossing it in sport, and was killed. In 1821, Wm. Wheeler, age 55, was killed by " trying tricks" at a raising. In 1822, Joseph L. Carpenter, age 14, was killed by the falling of a tree. In 1830, John Kimball, age 3, was drowned in a channel washed out by the flood, which had previously swept away the dwelling ; Eliza A. Stoddard, age 6, killed by the kick of a horse. In 1833, Mrs. Simeon Pratt, age 38, supposed to have died in a fit. In 1836, Luther Fairbanks, age 30, drowned while bathing. In 1842, child of C. Joyce, smothered in I he bed. In 1848, John O. Shaw, age 11, was hung in a school-house window when trying to climb in. In 1850, James D. Bushnell, age 21, drowned while bathing. In 1865, Howard Bruce, age 4, drowned in a spring. There have also been several cases of sudden deaths from occult diseases, and 4 cases of suicide. RELICS OF INDIANS. This territory was once occupied as hunting grounds by a portion of the " St. Francis" tribe of Indians, if the traditions of a relic of the tribe can be relied upon. Many traces have been discovered of their occupancy, which seem to show that they had vacated the valley only a few years before the coming of Gen. Wait. In 1808, Samuel Barnard, while at work in his sugar-place, found a two-gallon brass kettle turned upside down on a rock. The kettle only a few years ago was in use in his family. Another was found not long after on the lot lying east of Mr. Barnard's, and not very far from the spot where the first one was found. In 1822, as Ebenezer Barnard (son of Samuel), and Rufus Childs, were clearing a part of this same sugar-place, they found a gun and pistol, tomahawk, and about a quart of beads, made of something resem- bling brown earthen ware. The stocks of the gun and pistol were rotten, but the 778 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. barrels, though rusty, were good, and have done good service since. The gun was found sticking out of the ground, and in digging to see if some chief had been buried there, the pistol and beads were found at a depth of about 2 feet. GAME. For many years after the settlement of the town, the deer were quite plenty in the forests, as well as trout in the streams. The bears and wolves proved a serious annoyance to the settlers. Neither fields of grain nor flocks of sheep were safe un- less watched continually. But bruin soon became very cautious. In the year 1804, Dea. Moses Fisk shot and killed a large bear Sabbath night, that was about to spring at one of his sheep, in a pasture very near his house. It was jokingly said that "the bear had too much confidence in the Deacon to suppose he would shoot him Sunday, and so exposed himself carelessly." The Deacon was an excellent shot, and it is said that he brought down six bears — sev- eral of them under hazardous circum- stances, and that he never missed but one that he fired at. He also killed many deer, one of them with an axe, at a lime when the snow was very deep, with a little crust on the top, and the writer has the antlers upon his carving knife and fork. His wife, also, shot an insatiable hawk, that " did not come when the Deacon was at home," and it is probable that both did no more than their share, but other facts and names are lost. In 1797, the wife of Dr. Pierce, living near Moretown line, saw a deer pursued by the hunters approaching the house. Judg- ing that he would pass through a narrow gap between the fence and the house, she caught up an axe and stationed herself by the corner of the house, and when the deer made its appearaixce, actually inflicted a mortal wound upon him ; but as soon as she had done so, became aifrighted and fled to her chamber, "and almost went into hysterics." In the spring of 1821, a wolf was dis- covered near the house of James Joslin, and was turned back into a strip of woods. where he was speedily surrounded by the yeomanry, who rallied at short notice, and at length shot by Dea. Moses Fisk. The bounty of $20 was given to the minister. Rev. A. Chandler, and with it he made himself a life member of the Bible Society. In March, 1855, another wolf was sur- rounded and killed in the same forest. The writer was one of the boys who waded through the deep snow to assist in his capture, and had the privilege of sending one bullet after him, with perfect safety to the wolf. He was first discovered by Pardon Bushnell, Esq., making for the East mountain, and first surrounded in the piece oi woods lying between the river and the old common. It is not a little remarkable that, after breaking out of this ring, he should have been secured at all, and that in less than four hours after ; weight, 87 lbs. Several marksmen lay claim to the honor of bringing him down. It probably belongs to Cheney Prentice, Esq. It was sold for $5, and bounty, at auction, and the same distributed (by vote of the captors), to the poor of the town. FIRES. There have been 15 fires in town which amounted to total loss of the buildings, and in most cases an almost total loss of contents. They may be classified thus : distilleries, 2, prior to 1818; stores, i; shops, 4; barns, 2; dwellings, 6. Of the causes of fire, it may be said that the store was set on fire late in the evening, while the clerk was drawing some alcohol to cook eggs with, for a few select com- panfons. In several cases the dwellings were set on fire from ashes left in wooden vessels ; in others, the cause remains un- known. One barn was burned by light- ning. Only once (1846), have two such casualties occurred the same year. The first fire of all occurred in 1794, and in the coldest of the winter. It was the dwelling-house of Daniel Taylor, the Elder, and was situated on the meadow now owned by Comstock Prentice, Esq. The story of the fire is so pleasantly told in rhyme by Mr. Smirh before mentioned, that we give it entire, only adding that the settlers did all thev could for the families. WAITSFIELD. 779 while one went to Shelburne, Mass., and procured supplies which could not be had nearer, and which were gladly given by the former neighbors of the two families : THE BURNINCi HOUSE. Among the many fictions new This story old is sti-ictly true ; To snatcli it, fading, if I can. From darli oblivion, is my plan. When Waitstield mostly was a wild. As I— an aged man — a child, When woods were 'round the dwelling near, And huntsmen shot the bounding deer. When flowed Mad River full of trout. And boys could fish a plenty out. My father left a distant town To settle near the river down. No land had he but forest wild. No home to shelter wife or child : My Uncle Taylor kindly shared With us the house he had prepared ; Two rooms, with roof of bark, it had. And sheltered cousins very glad; Nine little children were we all. The oldest being only small. Our liappy quiet did not last Till the first Sabbath eve was past; The men that evening were away. The children mostly sleeping lay; Some flax, in bundles very dry. Was o'er the entry lying high ; My motlier near with candle came, And lucklessly it caught the flame; Her shriek I still remember well. Such shrieks as sudden panic tell. In vain she tried to stop the fire; She only made it blaze the higher. The rapid flames began to pour Bright blazes on the entry floor. And through that fiery entry lay The only cliance to flee away. Just time the mothers had to throw Their naked children on the snow. Then count them rescued o'er and o'er. Lest there were missing one or more— When did a mother ever yet. In fright or haste, her child forget?— Poor " Penny " met a harder doom. And puss within that burning room. Without intent were blankets four • Snatched with the children; nothing more. Their garments all were left to share The fate of other comforts there. Tlie absent fathers saw the flame. And with some neighbors, breathless came— Too late,— they sped but to behold. With joy, the children in the cold. Stay, reader! hear my story through, Since all I have to tell is true! While high the fire terrific blazed. The people o'er the river gazed, — "What could tliat light, portentous, mean. Above the trees at distance seen ? " Off sped the men the cause to see. And ofler aid if need should be; The women grouped and talked with fear, Expecting direful news to hear. " His children left alone," they said, " Have tired the house above their head." But when my sorrowing motlier came. And not a child .was left in flame. Although in bitterness she cried. And seemed as if she might have died. They thought the trouble very small. Since house was nothing— life was all! Now let us make the moral out (For facts their moral have, no doubt) ; Think, when misfortune gives you paiu. It might be worse, and not complain. FLOODS. In July, 1830, the rivers overflowed the whole valley, sweeping away every bridge in town, and doing incalculable damage to the crops, and not a little to the mills. The grist-mill was left on an island, by the gulling of the flood. The dwelling of a Mr. Kimball was swept away, but the family escaped. This house stood on the bank. Mr. K. had lately buried his broth- er, with whom he was in company. He used to say, that in the night he awoke and listened to the roar of the water, and the thought once arose that he ought to get up and see if all was safe ; but he had so little apprehension that he did not arise. In a few moments, he saw his brother standing by the side of the bed, and bidding him get up and flee. He de- clared he was wide awake, and saw the form vanish away. He arose, and finding there was danger, removed his family ; and as he stepped out on the door-stone, last of all, the house began to settle away, and in a moment or two, went over into the flood. In July, 1850, another flood swept through the valley, doing not so much dam- age as before, yet enough to make it re- membered well. In July, 1858, there was another of a singular character, as all the damage was done by the brooks on the west side, or by the river swollen by their torrents. It would seem as if a huge cloud must have emptied itself all at once upon the hills of Fayston, although there were, in- deed, heavy rains at the same time in the east part of the town. The thunder- shower (for such it was,) lasted only a few hours. It was the 21st birthday of the writer, and he remembers very well how, for over half an hour, a sheet of water poured from the I'oof breaking into drops, or pailfuUs, about one foot below the ends of the shingles. " Shepard's Brook " (the 78o VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. most northerly of the streams having its rise in Fayston,) swept out for itself vari- ous new passages, and, in one case, up- rooted and pushed for over a mile into the river and across it, upon the meadow nearly half an acre of heavy timber. A Mr. Learned, living near the mouth of the brook was reading his paper in the even- ing, when he " heard something bumping against the floor,"'' and on going to the cellar found it to be his meat-barrel float- ing about. The water was then running across his lower doorstep, and the roaring of the brook showed its furry, while exam- ation proved that there was no way of escape from the house. Though several buildings were swept away, this house the most beleagued of all, was spared. Dea. Parker relates that at 5 o'clock there was not a foot of water in the brook, and at 10 o'clock he stood and saw his barn carried away by the flood. A num- ber of farms suffered severely by the wash- ing away of the soil. In October, 1869, another flood swept through this valley, reaching within a little over a foot of the high water mark of 1830. The town were obliged to raise an extra tax of 60 cents on the dollar to meet the damages. The crops of corn which were not already housed were swept away, and the breaking out of the river at the west end of the dam above the grist mill seriously endangered the village, and car- ried away a shop belonging to J. W. Rich- ardson, Esq. It will be remembered that the water rose at three separate times, being highest on Monday, the 4th of Oct., but nearly as high on Monday the nth, and high enough to awaken much anxiety on Wednesday, the 13th. Pine brook made a clean sweep of her 7 bridges, and many other bridges in the town followed suit. This high water was predicted by astronomers in the month of June, and their calculations did not fail except by less than 24 hours. Also quite frequently, when the river breaks up in the spring, the ice will clog up, and the meadows will be flooded, wash- ing away fences and sometimes the soil it- self. And the poorer class of bridges, built in an early 'day, were often carried off" in this way, but for many years no riv- er bridge has been thus lost. Mad river without this turbulence, would be like the play of Hamlet with Hamlet left out. ECCLESIASTICAL. In 1794, a town committe was appointed to "layout a meeting-house and yard." The site chosen was what is still known as " the common" — an elevated plain near the center of the original township. It consisted of about 9 acres, and the title was conveyed to the town in 1796. Five acres was the gift of Ezra Jones, Esq., on condition that, " if the town moved the centre ( ?) from that place" the title should be void. As soon, therefore, as the " new meeting-house" at the river village was oc- cupied, and the town voted to hold town- meetings at the river, the heirs took posses- sion of their portion. The remaining four acres, purchased for"_^i, los.," of a Mr. Savage, are still common. The forest which covered this lot was chopped by a "Bee," in 1797, and the ground was then let out in parcels to be cleared, each work- man having the right to take two crops of grass for his remuneration upon the lot set apart as a common. The burial ground was not fenced until 1809. The first proposal as to building a house of worship, was to erect one jointly with the school-district on the east side of the common, with the understanding that when both parties were better able, the district should buy out the town, and the town should build a regular church edifice. After the trame was up and partly covered, the district receded from the engagement ; and in due time, the frame was removed to the valley, where it has been used as store and dwelling-house until the present time — known as the "Lewis Holden" house. This apparent drawback was after all a stimulous to the religious interests of the town. It hastened the erection of a suita- ble meeting-house — an imposing structure of the olden style, bearing date 1807, alto- gether innocent of paint inside, and for some years of stoves ; but extravagant in the amount of 7.X9 glass, which rattled away at every suggestion of a breeze. It had WAITSFIELD. 781 the usual high pulpit, towering over the "deacon's seat," — the capacious gallery, and for many years the ample sabbath as- sembly. On the Society's record, we read among other recommendations of a com- mittee, that a certain proportion of the money derived from the sale of the pews should be paid at the beginning, as it would be needed for nails, glass, " and rum for the raising." CONGREGATIONAL. The Congregational church, which con- troled this house, was organized with 1 1 members in 1796. Rev. Ebenezer Kings- bury, of Jericho, officiating. Others were gradually added to it, and it became strong enough in 1801 to settle a pastor; and from that time has been the strongest re- ligious body in the town. Rev. William Saulsbury, the first pastor, was a young man, well educated, and able in the pulpit, but singularly wanting in those qualities which secure the respect and affection of the people when outside the pulpit. He received the "minister's lot" as a settlement portion, and $166.67 the first year, it being agreed that the salary should be increased as fast as the grand list on the society's roll increased, until it should amount to $266.66. The ordination services took place in a booth built for the occasion, on the site chosen for the meeting-house. Rev. Mr. Lyman, of Brookfield, preaching the sermon from I. Tim. 4: 16. During the 68 years since the ordina- tion of Mr. Saulsbury, 19 ministers have at different times had charge of this church. Of these, the longest pastorate was that of Rev. Mr. Chandler, 20 years ; the next longest, that of Rev. Charles Duren, lo years, and next, that of Mr. Saulsbury, 9 years. LIST OF MINISTERS. Rev. William Saulsbury, i8of-'9;Am- ariah Chandler, i8io-'3o; Guy Sampson, i83i-'3r ; Joseph Marsh, i832-'34; B. F. Read, i835-'35 ; S. G. Tenney, i835-'37 ; A. Flemming, 1837-38 ; Preston Taylor, i839-'42; Calvin Selden, 1843-4; James Hobart, i845-'49; Charles Duren, 1849- '54 ;L. H. Stone,i855-'56; Andrew Royce, i8s6-'57 ; C. W. Piper, i857-'57 ; C. S. Smith, i858-'58; Robert Stuart, 1858-59; Mr. George Pierson, i859-'6o ; Rev. A. B. Dascomb, i86o-'67 ; J. H. Babbitt, 1 868. Five men have commenced their minis- try with this people. None have finished their ministry here. But the impression of the character and doctrine of Mr. Chandler is not yet obliterated. A fact which shows how good it is for a people to keep a good and faithful pastor, and that the length and the success of a pastorate bear some relation to each other. THE DEACONS OF THE CHURCH. John Barnard, i796-'i3; Moses Fisk, 1801-47; David Phelps, 1813-23; Jede- diah Bushnell, i825-'66; Ithamer Smith, 1830-48 ; Isaac Hawley, i836-'48 ; Lyman Fisk, 1844— ; David M. Phelps, i866-'69 ; Henry N. Bushnell, 1866 — ; Edward A. Fisk, 1866—. There have been several seasons of re- vival among this people, — the most marked (considering their permanent fruits,) be- ing that in 1817-18, under Mr. Chandler's preaching, and that in 1865-6, under Mr. Dascomb's. In each case 35 members at one time, — and most of them by profes- sion, and others at intervals afterwards. It deserves to be said that, while this church may not have accomplished more than the average of country churches, it has done much good in training up those who have labored much in other places. Those who have gone out as laymen to strengthen other churches would make, in point of numbers, a large parish, and in point of influence a strong one, while it can show a longer roll of professional men — nearly all ministers — than the ma- jority of Congregational churches in Ver- mont. Its membership from the first until now amounts to 500. The Congregational Society was formed under the old law. All the voters in town were members of it, unless they individually withdrew, by cer- tifying to the town clerk " that they did not agree in religious opinion with a ma- jority of the society." This statute was repeated at Woodstock in 1807, and in 782 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. consequence, the society dissolved and formed a voluntary association, assuming all the rights and immunities of the old one. In 1845, a new meeting-house was built in the outskirts of the village, and dedicated, Rev. Mr. Gridley of Montpelier, preaching the sermon from Haggai 2 : 9. The question, whether to "repair or build at the river," was one that divided the feelings of the people seriously. By vote of the society, it was at length sub- mitted to the judgment of three men, viz : John L. Buck, and two others, beside, the agreement being that their decision should be accepted as final. They decid- ed naturally enough that the society " should build at the river." The results of this difficulty were that the new house was located just out of the village instead of in it, on elevated ground, toward the old common ; so that the people who have to walk to church, find it quite a task to climb up from the village, and on week days, men drive by to the grist-mill and the postoffice, not always getting back to the meeting they should attend, or at least not until late, and evening meetings must go begging at private houses. This partiality for the consecrated spot also led at length to the building of a small edifice out of the ruins of the old one, as a sort of union house, "to be used for fu- nerals, evening services, &c." After the building of the new church, the society became greatly reduced. For various causes, one after another withdrew their names from the roll ; preaching was sustained by subscription only, and there were only about 12 men who could be de- pended upon to bring up arrears. These were obliged to pay a sum equal to five times all their other taxes combined, for years. It is needless to say that these were earnest and pious men ; and it is pleasant to record the fact at length they have seen better times. Much credit is due to Rev. A. B. Dascomb for his patient continuance with this people in times when i t was exceedingly difficult to raise a salary, he having come to them when they were lowest, and bv the blessing of God, leav- ing them in 6 years, able and willing to give a pastor a good support. METHODIST. The first Methodist preaching in the town was probably about 1804, and doubt- less a class was formed soon after. The town was first embraced in the Montpelier circuit, as were also the towns of Middle- sex, Moretown, Warren and Fayston. Their first church edifice was erected in the mill village in 1833, "^'^^ remodeled, a spire added, and painted in 1852. In 1845, ^^^^ circuit was abolished, and Waits- field and Warren became a station. In 1868, Waitsfield became a separate charge. The names of those who have been preach- ers, with the dates of their pastorate, as far as they can be ascertained, are as follows : Rev. Wilder Mack, Abel Heath, John Cummings, Nathan Howe ; John Nason, 1835 ; Moses Sanderson, I. D. Rust, Cyrus Liscomb, H. J. Wooley, Wm. Blake, O. M. Legate, Harvey Hitchcock, H. T. Jones, D. Willis, P. N. Granger, A. J.Copeland, C. W. Kellogg, W. J. Kidder, P. Merrill, N. W. Scott, H. Webster, C. S. Buswell, L. Hill, B. P. Spaulding; N. M. Granger, 1868 ; F. M. Miller, 1869. The present number of members is 62, and probation- ers 8. A good little anecdote is told of the times of Elder Mack. There was strong prejudice at that time in all the land against this denomination, over and above the objection that it was dividing the feelings and interests of the people. One Sabbath, Dr. Stoddard and wife, who lived at the extreme south of the valley, were unable to attend meeting. The chil- dren, however, went, and learning before they arrived at home that Elder Mack was going to preach at the school-house in their neighborhood, they rouguishly re- ported to their parents that " there was to be a lecture at the school-house that even- ing." So the mother (who would not have j countenanced a Methodist meeting by any I means) , went with the children to the I lecture. Finding it was not their own ! minister, but supposing it was some one WAITSFIELD. 783 with whom he had exchanged, she became intensely interested in the discourse. On their return, the eldest son asked, " Moth- er, what ism do you call that, Congrega- tionalism or Methodism, or what? " "I call it ' gospelism,' " was her frank reply ; and then she was informed that she had listened to Elder Mack. Of course the son was rebuked for concealing the fact, but whether it tended to relieve her of her prejudices, or not, we do not know. Her husband, however, though a most exem- plary and strict man, lived and died be- lieving himself "a reprobate" — a belief that Methodism might probably have cor- rected, had it been understood. There have been several religious awak- enings in the history of this church, the most marked of which was in 1835, when many were numbered as believers. Of this class, one has become a useful min- ister of the Gospel (Alonzo Hitchcock), and several others were most exemplary Christians while they lived. UNIVERSALIST. This society was formed Dec. 30, 1830. Quite a number of the prominent men in town entertained this doctrinal belief, and soon after the dismis.sal of Rev. Mr. Chandler from the pastorate of the Con- gregational church, they organized by electing Roderick Richardson, moderator; Cyron Burdick, clerk ; R. Richardson, Daniel Thayer and Matthias S. Jones, pru- dential committee. Rev. Mr. Fuller was their first preacher, and his first services were held as early as 1826. They were held in school-houses, barns, or wherever it seemed best or was necessary to hold them. It was claimed once (though some of the leading Uni- versalists did not countenance it), that they had a right to the use of the Congre- gational meeting-house at least one-fourth of the time. This caused considerable discussion and trouble, and at length brought about an arbitration, in which several distinguished lawyers were em- ployed and several days consumed. Their decision was emphatically against the claim of the Universalists, who abided by it like men. Six years later, the society (in con- nection with the Baptists), erected the brick church in the village, a good sub- stantial structure with about 250 sittings. Of this the society owned nearly three- fourths, but the agreement was that every man who owned a pew would occupy the house one Sabbath in the year for such religious worship as was agreeable to him- self. The names of the different preachers were as follows : Rev. John E. Palmer, 1826-1837, (occasionally) ; Rev. Edward Brown, 1838-1840 (statedly) ; Rev. John E. Palmer, 1844-1848 (pastor) ; Rev. T. C. Eaton, Rev. G. S. Gurnsey, 1844- 1856 (occasionally) ; Rev. C. C. Thornton, 1856-1862 (pastor) ; Rev. John Gregory, 1862-1869 (occasionally). During the pastorate of Mr. Thornton, a Sunday school and Bible class was sus- tained, and the congregation was com- paratively large. BAPTIST. A Baptist church of 1 1 members was organized May, 1835, R^^'- John Ide, of VVaterbury, assisted at its formation, the Methodists opening their meeting-house for the services. He also preached during that year one fourth of the time. Rev. Wm. M. Guilford preached over half the time during 1836, and after an interval. Rev. Friend Blood became pastor. His term commenced in 1838, or 1839, ^.nd con- tinued until Rev. P. Amsden afterwards preached, and the church attained consid- erable strength, but declined, and was practically broken up in the exciting times of Millerism. The records were unfortunately lost in the burning of the house of Roswell Rich- ardson, who was clerk of the church from its organization to its extinction. Quite a number of the members afterwards joined both the Congregational and Methodist churches. It is said of Rev. Mr. Blood, that in preaching, he was very dull for the first two hours, but eloquent and powerful for the third hour. EPISCOPAL. In 1853, while the Universalists were not occupying their house of worship, an eflfort 784 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. was made by Hon. R. Richardson, Jr., and others, to establish Episcopal worship, which resulted in the repair of the house, the formation of a church of 52 members, and the installation of Rev. John E. Johnston as pastor. These services were continued until 1H55, when Mr. Johnston removed, and Mr. Richardson took up his residence in Montpelier. Rev. J. H. Hopkins, Jr., afterwards en- deavored to look up the lost sheep, and Rev. Mr. Hazzard labored earnestly with them for a time ; but the society has now very few members remaining, and no stated services. It depends upon the Northfield rector for occasional ministrations. WESLEY AN. In 1853, Rev. Lyman Prindle came into town, and preached at the L^nion house, on the old common. In a short time, a so- ciety was formed, and he was engaged as its pastor. His labors were continued without interruption until i860, when he was succeeded by Rev. L. C. Partridge, who supplied until 1S61, when he was suc- ceeded by Rev. John Dolph, 1862; then Mr. Prindle returned and preached until 1864. The church at first consisted of 10 mem- bers. In 1854, 16 were added. In 1855, 15. The whole number was 44. An in- teresting Sabbath school was maintained during all this time, and the average con- gregation was about 100. The organization is still maintained, but no Sabbath services are held by it. " The distinctive features (in the words of a member) were to take higher and more radical ground on the reforms of the day — slavery, temperance, and secret-oath- bound societies." REPRESENTATIVES . Benjamin Wait, 1795-1799, 1801, 02; Stephen Pierce, 1800, 11, 14; Bissel Phelps, 1803,07; Amasa Skinner, 1808-10, 12, 13, 15; Edmund Rice, 1816; Matthias S. Jones, 1817-20, 24-26 ; Ralph Turner, 1821, 22, 23; Jennison Jones, 1827, 28; Jason Carpenter, 1829, 30, 31, 34, 35, 36; Thomas Prentice, 1832, 33 ; Roderick Richardson, 1837, 38, 39, 50, 51 ; Hiram Jones, 1840, 41, 42; 1843, "o choice, 9 ballots, '44 do, 16 ballots, 1845, do, 14 bal- lots, 1849, do, 4 ballots, 1852, do 7 ballots, 1853, do, 3 ballots; 1861, do, 9 ballots; Ithamar Smith, 1846,47; Benjamin Reed, 1848, 54, 55, 67,68; Ira Richardson, 1856, 66; Lyman Prindle, 1857, 58; Pardon Bushnell, 59, 60; J. H. Hastings, 1862, 63 ; D. M. Phelps, 1864, 65 ; Hiram Carle- ton, 1866. PHYSICIANS who have practiced in town (in the order of their coming,) Stephen Pierce, died; William Joslin, , died; Fred T. Miner, , removed ; Orange Smith, , died; G. N. Brigham, , removed ; E. G. Jud- kins, , died; Geo. W. Nichols, , removed; E. G. Hooker, W. A. Jones, J. M. VanDeusen. CLERGYMEN who were raised up in town . Those marked with a star are now dead ; those with a dagger, deposed : Perrin B. Fisk,* Baptist, last residence in Wardsboro, Vt., Joel Fisk,* Congre- gational, Plainfield, Harvey Fisk,* Con- gregational, New York City, brothers ; Henry Jones,* Congregational ; Ezra Jones, Presbyterian, New York; Matthias Joslin,* Congregational, Missionary to the Indians; Chandler Wilder, Congregational, Vermont ; Hiram Freeman, Wisconsin ; Alonzo Hitchcock, Methodist, Montpelier; Pliny F. Barnard, Congregational, Wil- liamstown; *Rufus Child, Congregational, Berlin; Lucius Barnard, f Congregational, New York; Perrin B. Fisk, 2d., Congrega- tional, Peacham; Silas Jones, Methodist; Harvey Bates, L'nitarian, Massachusetts. The following are the names of men well known in the State who were born and raised up in Waitsfield : Gurley Phelps, M. D., Jaftrey, N. H. : Edwinjones, M. D., deceased; Henry Shaw, M. D., deceased (surgeon 1863) ; Walter A. Jones, Waits- field ; Ezra Bates, M. D. ; Norman Durant, attorney, deceased ; Luther L. Durant, at- torney, Montpelier ; Hon. Geo. N.Dale, attorney,Island Pond; Hon.Chas. H.Joyce, attorney, Rutland ; Edwin F. Palmer, at- torney, Waterbury ; Hon. Roderick Rich- ardson, deceased ; Hon. Roderick Richard- WAITSFIELD. 785 son, Jr., Montpelier ; Hon. Hiram Jones, Waitsfielcl ; Hon. Calvin Fullerton, Waits- field ; Hon. Ira Richardson, Waitsfield ; Hon. J. H. Hastings, Waitsfield. The following are the names of those who have practiced law in town, and have had more or less influence upon its history : Hon. William Pingry, Perkinsville ; Ben- jamin Adams, Esq., deceased; M. H. Sessions, Esq., Hale, Bane, A. V. Spaulding, Esq. ; C. F. Clough, Esq., Hiram Carleton, Esq. PROMINENT MEN. Jennison Jones, Esq., was born in Claremont, N. H., Jan. i, 1777, and re- moved in early life to Waitsfield, where he resided until his death. He enjoyed only the common school advantages of those days, but was one of those " self-made «nen" for which this country has been noted. As a young man he was a very successful teacher. He filled nearly every town office with perfect acceptance when in the prime of life, represented the town in i827-'28, and was especially interested in the history of the town, and accurate in dates and figures. This sketch of Waits- field (as will be seen from the introductory note), has been prepared with ease by reason of his labors and writings. He married, Dec. 26, 1802, Miss Philany Holmes, and reared a large family. He died Dec. 22, 1852, at the age of 75. Ithamer Smith, Esq., was born in Shelburne, Mass., June 6, 1787, and came with his parents to Waitsfield in 1893. Al- lusion to his talents and a specimen of his poetry appears elsewhere in these pages. He was a leading anti-slavery man, and his experience was that of too many who so early espoused the cause of justice and hu- manity. Good men did not see as he saw, and were tardy to come up to his ground, and designing men scorned him and his cause, which made him sometimes almost bitter against them all. He removed to New York State in 1856, and died at the residence of his daughter, in Feb. 1862. Among his children (who all obtained at least an average education) , we notice Chauncey, an attorney, and once partner of Hon. Edward Everett, in Boston. Luther L., a successful teacher in the southern part of Massachusetts, and now a resident of New York. Frank B., a graduate of U. V. M. in the class of '63, now a civil engineer in the in- terior ; and Abigail H., wife of Rev. Chas. Cavern, of Lake Mills, Wis. Hon. Jason Carpenter was born Aug. 15, 1772, at Coventry, Ct. Like many of his contemporaries, his school days were few, but his education practical. He came to Waitsfield in 1818, and was identified with its business and interests for the rest of his active life. He served as judge of probate for the County 2 years, and as representative from 1829 to '31, and from '34 to '36, inclusive. He married, 18 — , Miss Betsey Ingraham, by whom he had 6 children, of whom one finds mention in another place, the wife of Hon. Hiram Jones ; while the record of another, Charles, as a most successful teacher, though cut off in the midst of his usefulness ; and of another, George H., as a successful busi- ness man in Racine, Wis., must not be passed in silence. Matthias S. Jones, Esq., was born in Claremont, N. H., Apr. 12, 1778, and re- moved to Waitsfield at an early date. He was one of the more prominent men of the town, filling in turn the most impor- tant offices in the gift of his townsmen ; was justice of the peace more than 30 years, and town clerk for half that period, and represented the town in 1825, '26, '27. He was twice married — Aug. 28, 1807, to Miss Betsey Joyslin, of Waitsfield, and May 26, 1836, to Miss Mary Prentice, of Weathersfield. His death occurred June 25, 1 85 1.* He reared a comparatively large family — all children of the first mar- riage — of whom are L. W. Jones, Esq., a successful merchant of Waitsfield, and a man of decided public spirit. Edwin Jones, M. D., who was born June 3, 1825, at Waitsfield, studied for a time with Dr. D. C. Joslin, of Waitsfield, and attended one course of lectures at Woodstock, graduating at length at Pitts- field, Mass., and practicing at Orange, Vt., for three months, and at Vershire and Straf- ford the remainder of his life. He mar- 99 786 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ried, Oct. i8, 1852, Miss Mary A., dau. of Rev. Elisha Brown, of Montpelier, and precisely 2 years later died at Strafford, ' a bereavement not only to those who knew him as a relative and friend, but to those who had learned to know him as a beloved physician. Hon. Hiram Jones, another son, who was born June 26, 1808, and whose oppor- tunities for acquiring an education were confined to the common schools of his native town, and who made such improve- ments of these scanty means, that he was called into places of public trust at an unusually early age. Besides almost con- tinually serving as justice of the peace, and frequently holding other offices of pub- lic trust, he represented the town in 1840, '41-42, and was assistant judge of the county court from 1855 to 1857. (Died in 1872.) He married Oct. 6, 1835, Laura L., daughter of Hon. Jason Carpenter. Six children were the issue of this mar- riage, of whom Walter A., is a resident physician of his native town, and George M. lost his life in the first battle of the Wilderness, — the only one in which he was engaged. His enlistment was just at the time Gen. Grant took command in the 2d Reg. U. S. S. S. Hon. Roderick Richardson, Sr., was born in Tolland, Conn., in 1779, and in early life removed to Waitsfield. By trade he was a saddler. He was for many years postmaster of the town, and the owner of the principal store ; was assistant judge of Washington Co. court 2 years. The date of his marriage to Miss Anna Davis we are unable to ascertain. Two sons and two daughters were born to him, the youngest, Hon. Roderick Richardson, Jr., who as a man of enterprise and wealth was for many years a leader in the business of Waitsfield. He was born Aug. 7, 1807, at Hartford, Conn., but obtained all his schooling at the common school in Waits- field; was representative in 1S37-3S, '39, 50-51, and senator from Washington county 4 years; assistant judge of Wash- ington county for one year ; elected by the joint assembly, and declined a re-election. He is an earnest Episcopalian, having united with that church not far from 1853 ; at the present time is senior warden of Christ Church in Montpelier; one of the standing committee of the diocese of Ver- mont, and a delegate to the Triennial Convention of the Episcopal church of the United States at the sessions of 1862, '65, '68. [See Montpelier, 546.] Roderick Julius Richardson, son of the above, was born in Waitsfield, May 31, 1840; graduated at Norwich Univer- sity, and was made paymaster in the U. S. Navy, Sept. 1861. Being ordered to the " Harriet Lane," he was captured with the remainder of her crew off Galveston, Tex., Jan. 10, 1863 ; was paroled that spring, and participated in the capture of New Orleans, the first siege of Vicksburg ; went through the Mississippi River Campaign ; was in the " South Atlantic Squadron" at Charles- ton, S. C, and in the "North Atlantic Squadron" on board the Steamer "Wa- bash " before the Wilmington fight, and participated in search for the " Alabama" and "Florida." In 1865, he received his discharge, and was elected cashier of the First National Bank, Montpelier, and is now a commission merchant in Boston. He was married Jan. 5, 1865, to Miss Faddie Ware, of Boston. B. H. Adams, Esq., was born in Tun- bridge, in 1810, and after receiving the usual common school education, studied law, and opened an office in Waitsfield, where he practiced until his death, whicii occurred in Oct. 1849. The writer re- members him as he appeared at leisure in the store a year or so before his death. He was a man of medium height and rather robust in appearance, of light com- plexion and pleasing address. It is said that he never made a plea of any extended length, but rarely failed to make a deep impression on all those who heard him. " He was a rare man," says one who was conversant with him, "gifted, eloquent, persuasive, powerful, genial, generous, benevolent to a fault, the best advocate I ever saw or heard." A full history of the man would of course present other than the professional side of his character, and would be obliged to state what we are WAITSFIELD. 787 sorry to say is too common in the liistory of talented men, that while they rule their fellowmen by their great abilities, they are too often the slaves of intemperance or gaming. The ready wit with which he sometimes secured a favorable verdict when he had by far the hardest side, is well remembered, and could we afford space for story-telling of this kind, we should provoke many a hearty laugh from the reader. Orange Smith, M. D., was born Jan. 27, 1796, at Brookfield. He was a grad- uate of Randolph Academy, and of the medical department of the U. V. M. He also studied medicine with Daniel Wash- burn, M. D., and attended lectures for some length of time at Dartmouth. He commenced at Starksboro ; soon removed to Williston, and after one year of practice there removed to Waitsfield, and contin- ued in practice there until near the time of his death, in 1863. Besides being a good physician, he was a very public spirited man, and one whose influence, especially in religious matters was not small. He entered into the practice of Dr. Miner, who was about to remove from town, and for some time lived on the farm now owned by T. G. W. Farr, Esq., but subsequently removed to the village. He married (Mar. 2, 1825,) Miss Lucy Hatch of Brookfield, by whom he had three children, only one of whom (Charles D. Smith, Esq.,) is now living. MEETING AT WAITSFIELD ON THE ADMIS- SION OF TEXAS. "The undersigned respectfully request all the inhabitants of Waitsfield to meet at the brick Meeting house on Thursday, the 17th day of August inst., at three o'clock P. M., for the purpose of expres- sing their views in relation to the propri- ety of having Texas annexed to the Uni- ted States as a slave holding territory. We consider this a subject of great impor- tance, and earnestly invite a general atten- dance. Waitsfield, August 7th, 1837. Wm. Bragg, Zana Moore, Jenison Joslin, Horace S. Jones, Hiram Joslin, Jonathan H. Brown, Rod'k Richardson, D. C. Joyslin, Azro D. Rice, John W. Steele, James C. Fargo, W. M. Guilford, Stephen P. Joslin, Dan. Richardson, Samuel Chipman, H. Cardell, Matthias S. Jones, J. B. Bisbee, Robert Leach, Roswell Morris, S. H. Cheney, Benjamin Reed, Jr., Orange Smith, Lsaac Hawley, L. W. Truman, Wells Hitchcock, Wm. M. Pingry, Harry Jones, R. Richardson, Jr., Charles Jones. Resolved, That a copy of the preamble and Resolutions together with the proceed- ings of this meeting, signed by the chair- man and Sec, be forwarded to each of the pol. presses at Mont, for publication, also to each of our Senators and Reps, in Congress. Whereas, it is the priviledge of the citi- zens of a republican goverment to assemble together for the purpose of expressing their sentiments on all subjects in which they are interested, and it becomes their duty so to do, when questions of great moment are proposed, especially when in the de- cision of those questions the rights and lib- erties of American citizens are involved. And whereas slavery, in the language of a distinguished senator from Virginia, is a "moral and political evil, an evil in the eye of religion, philanthropy and reason," and is opposed to both the letter and spirit of the Declaration, " that all men are created equal ; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness," and is a gross viola- tion of that divine law which commands "whatsoever ye would that others should do unto you, do ye even so to them." And whereas, the annexation of Texas to this country would have a tendency to perpet- uate the system of slavery, and endanger the liberties of our country by subjecting us to discord at home and conflict abroad : Therefore resolved, that however much we may differ with regard to the immediate abolition of slavery now existing in the United States, we are of one mind on the question of adding thereto by annexing Texas or any other slave holding territory to our Government. Resolved, That we are opposed to the annexation of Texas to the United States at the present time, under any circumstan- ces whatever, and that we will use our ut- most exertion in a lawful and constitutional manner, to prevent such a result. Resolved, That we are in favor of equal rights, and would gladly welcome the time when the enjoyment of political, civil and religious liberty shall be co-extensive with the vast family of man. Resolved, That it is the duty of the press to advocate and contend for the doc- 788 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. trine of equal rights, and oppose the asso- ciation with our government of any terri- tory whose constitution, or constitutions, are based upon any other principle. Resoleed, That every consistent person that is opposed to slavery in the abstract, must necessarily be opposed to annexing Texas to this government, and that it should be the study of the American peo- ple how best to rid themselves of the evil under which they are now labouring, in- stead of making addition thereto. Resolved, That our Senators and Rep- resentatives in Congress be requested to oppose to the utmost of their power, every attempt to annex Texas to the United States." [The foregoing was contributed by Chas. A. Smith, of Barre, a grandson of Orange Smith, of Waitsfield. Orange Smith draft- ed the above resolutions.] David Carlisle Joyslin, M. D., was born at Springfield, Vt., May 15, 1799, pursued a classical course at Randolph Grammar School ; graduated at Castleton Medical College in ; commenced prac- tice in Waitsfield in 18 — . His practice has been extensive and successful, not in Waitsfield only but also largely in Warren and Fayston. At present he has laid aside the regular practice of his profession, and is more engaged in practical farming. He married Oct. 26, 1852, Miss Jane E. Car- penter, a great grand-daughter of Gen. Wait, by whom he has had three children, of whom only one is now living. Dr. Joyslin died in 1874. Hon. Ira Richardson was born in Waitsfield Oct. 6, 1816, and enjoyed the usual advantages of its common schools; represented the town in 1856, and again in 1866, and served as assistant judge of Washington county in i868-'69. For many years his health was exceedingly poor, yet he has done a great deal for the business of the town by engaging in mer- cantile and manufacturing pursuits, as well as farming. He is the owner of mills that turn off a large quantity of lumber, chiefly clapboards, and of a tannery. He mar- ried April 6, 1843, Harriet F. Chapman, and has raised up a family of sons who are now in active bu.siness. Hon. Jonathan Hammond Hastings, was born in Waitsfield, Feb. 12, 1824, and has been a resident of the town until the present time, and for many years entrusted with a portion of the town business. He filled the office of deputy sheriff and con- stable for 10 years from 1846, to the entire satisfaction of the people; in i856-'7 was high sheriff of the county ; represented the town in general assembly in i862-'63, and was elected senator in 1869. He has also been connected with the Waterbury bank as director for 13 years. He married Nov. I, 1848, Miss Ellen M. Merriam of Johnson, by whom he has had 6 children. EDWIN F. PALMER, ESQ., of Waterbury, was born in Waitsfield, Jan. 22, 1836. In his boyhood, he exhib- ited more than usual capacity as a scholar, and began a course of classical study while still a youth, reciting to Rev. Charles Duran, pastor of the Congregational church, and afterwards pursuing his course at the Northfield Institute ; and graduating with honor at Dartmouth, in 1862 ; and becom- ing a member of the college church during his course of study. He then studied law with Hon. Paul Dillingham, and has prac- ticed in Waterbury since, with the excep- tion of 6 months service in the custom- house at Island Pond, and 9 months ser- vice as 2d Lieut of Co. B, 13th Vt. ; during which time he kept a diary, and on his re- turn, published a neat little work entitled " Camp Life," which is prized by his com- rades and their friends, as an accurate and pleasant history of their campaign. He was married June 15, 1865, to Miss Addie D. Hartshorn. REV. AMARIAH CHANDLER, was a native of Shelburne, Mass., a gradu- ate of U. V. M., and a theological pupil of Rev. Dr. Packard of Shelburne, Mass. He was settled in Waitsfield in x8io, and dismissed in 1830. During all this time, he was a faithful pastor, a kind sympa- thizing friend, and a man of courage and power in every direction. Several times in this sketch, we have had occasion to re- fer to him, and the savor of his name is still sweet in all this region. He was both WAITSFIELD. 789 eloquent and witty, but he used the latter mainly as a weapon of defense. Woe to the man that attempted to oppose or en- trap him in any matter, a very few meas- ured words would shut his month. His gentleness could not be exceeded, but he had the most perfect contempt for all dis- play. He was short and stout in person, and in habits quite refreshingly rustic. The best picture that could be made of him, would be a delineation of that scene at his own door, (after he had removed to Greenfield, and received rather thanklessly the degree of D. D.) when a dapper young man approached him, as he was washing his bare feet at the pump after a morning's labor in his field, and inquired for '"Mr. Chandler." " I am Mr. Chandler," was his quiet reply. "But! mean Rev. Mr. Chandler," said the stranger. "Yes, sir, that is my name." But still obtuse, the young theologue persisted in saying, "but I mean Rev. Amariah Chandler, D. D." " Yes, sir, they sometimes call me all that," said the doctor, quietly enjoying the dis- comfiture of one who mistook him for a boor. The writer remembers of his rising to preach, (when on a visit to his daughter only a few years ago,) and saying meas- uredly, " The sermon I am about to preach will perhaps be remembered by some of you who are here to-day. If you do not remember it, it will make no diflference to you. If you do, it will make a great dif- ference with me, for I shall be glad to know that you remember so well." In his later days, he preached a sermon in which he acknowledged some change of views on doctrinal subjects. This sermon the writer has not been able to lay hold of now, but from his recollections of it, (having read it when a boy) he believes it to have shown Mr. Chandler to be precise- ly with the majority of Congregational ministers at the present time ; and though it created some discussion, and met with disapproval from some of his people whom he had trained so well to think and judge for themselves, yet we suspect it would prove to be a crowning glory to him, as showing that he was an inquirer after truth, even at three-score-and-ten, and certainly the humility and candor of it, in frankly expressing his almost lifelong mistake as he then thought it, was noble. When he reached his 70th birth-day, he resigned his pastoral charge, saying to his people, that he did not intend to leave them, and was ready to minister to them still, but he meant to put it out of his pow- er to pastor them when he should become childish. Thus the matter stood until his death. It would probably have been hard to have convinced his people that there was any danger of his getting childish after that. We cannot help .saying, O that he had remained in Waitsfield, while he lived ! The people were very loth to part with him in 1830, but they did not fully realize what they were losing, or they would have utterly refused to let him go, and re- sisted until they had compelled him to remain. Rev. Perrin B. Fisk, son of Moses, was born July 6, 1792, and in youth and early manhood followed the trade of a saddler, residing at Montpelier, where he married (May, 1815), Miss Azuba Blais- dell. His talents were rather above the point of mediocrity, but he had small op- portunities for study. After his conversion he became very anxious to do more good, and in a short time was led to change his views upon the subject of baptism, in consequence to leave the Congregational for the Baptist church, by which order he was immediately licensed to preach, and was at length settled in Wardsboro, as pastor of the Baptist church. The late Rev. P. H. White was at this time one of the young men who sat under his preach- ing. His remembrance of the man, as given to the writer, was of a corpulent and jolly man, who enjoyed to sit on the store steps and smoke and tell stories, both of which he could do well. As a preacher, he was able to compare fairly with the av- erage men of his denomination. He was the father of three children, two of whom were sons. Moses, the eldest, was a shrewd and smart, but unprincipled young man, who lived fast, and died early, leav- 79° VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ing a young widow and babe, both of whom are now dead, and Thomas was sheriff in Washington Co., N. Y., from the time he was 21 until he led his men through the bloody campaigns of the Potomac as lieutenant and captain of ar- tillery. Rev. Joel Fisk, brother of the above, was born Oct. 26, 1796, and lived at Waitsfield until the age of 20, when, be- coming pious, he gave himself up to the work of the ministry, and at length grad- uated at Middlebury, in 1825; studied theology with Rev. Charles Walker, of Pittsford, and at the age of 30, was or- dained pastor of the Congregational church in Monkton. He was almost reprimanded while in college for his persistence in re- vival work, and this fact is a true exponent of his whole professional life. He labored successively and successfully in the follow- ing places, viz. : New Haven, Vt., Essex, N. Y., Montreal and Phillipsburgh, C. E. (as it then was), Irasburgh and Plainfield, Vt., where he died Dec. 16, 1856. He was devoted to his work, searching in his style, and a man of decided literary taste. He married, Oct. 15, 1826, Miss Clarinda Chapman, by whom he had 7 children, of whom are Harvey, of the celebrated firm of Fisk and Hatch, in New York City, and Pliny, president of the American Pot- tery Co., of Trenton, N. J. Rev. Harvey Fisk, brother of the two last noticed, was born Apr. 12, 1799, and had in early life the reputation of being a smart, wild, but very truthful boy. At the ao-e of 14 he was apprenticed to the late Gen. E. P. Walton, of Montpelier, to learn the printer's trade. Here he made friends and acquired much useful knowledge, but withal, had such a vein of fun and frolic and an aptness at practical joking in him, that he provoked the momentary indigna- tion, as well as the regard, of those who knew him. Having become a Christian here, he gave himself up to the work of the ministry, graduating at Hamilton Col- lege in the class of '26, and at Princeton Theological Sem. Subsequently, during his studies, he worked his way with the composing stick, ,and was the compiler. and for some time the publisher, of the "American Sunday-School Union," and the compiler and publisher of the "Union Question Books" for Sunday-schools. He died very suddenly at New York City, after less than a year of ministerial labor. He married, Feb. 17, 1829, Anna M. Plumb, by whom he had one son, Harvey Jon- athan, who is at present an accountant in Detroit, Mich., thus maintaining his wid- owed mother. Rev. Pliny Fisk Barnard was born in Waitsfield, Nov. 9, 1820 ; pursued a course of classical study at Jericho and Mont- pelier ; graduated at Dartmouth in 1843; at Bangor Theological Seminary in 1846; was settled over the Congregational church in Richmond, Me., in 1847, and after a pastorate of 9 years, removed to Williams- town, Vt., where he continues to exercise the pastoral ofilce with much acceptance. He married, Nov. 4, 1846, Julia, daughter of Rev. James Hobart, of Berlin, by whom he has had 7 children. Rev. Perrin B. Fisk, son of Deacon Lyman, and grandson of Deacon Moses, was born July 3, 1837 ; studied at Barre Academy and at Bangor Theological Sem- inary, where he graduated in 1863, and was immediately settled as pastor of the Congregattonal church at West Dracut, Mass ; in 1865 was dismissed, and removed to Rockport, where he -supplied the First church during the European tour of Rev. W. H. Dunning, the pastor; 1866, was settled as pastor of the Congregational church in Peacham, Vt., where he still resides ; served as chaplain of the Senate of Vermont in 1869; otherwise chiefly dis- tinguished as the author of this sketch of Waitsfield. In 1863, he was married to Miss Harriet L. Bigelovv, of Waitsfield, a great-great-grand-daughter of Gen. Wait. Rev. Alonzo Hitchcock was born at Waitsfield, Nov. 29, 1814; pursued h's studies mainly with a resident clergyman, and has been stationed in the following M. E. churches, viz. : Albany, St. Johns- bury, East Walden, Bethel, Gaysville, Randolph, Corinth, Bradford, Proctors- ville, Plainfield, Cabot, E. Burke, Middle- WAITSFIELD. 791 sex, and is now acting as agent of the Methodist Conference Sem. at Montpelier. Matthias Joslin was born in Waits- field, Aug. 19, 1806, and finished his lim- ited education at Royalton. In 1S30, he entered upon missionary work as a teacher among the Choctaws. He had charge of the boys' school at Mayhew until the re- moval of the tribe by government to the new country assigned them west of the Mississippi, which took place in 1832. Mr. Joslin then returned to Waitsfield, and remained during the summer and fall. In September he married Miss Sophia M. Palmer, and with her returned to the Indian country, residing at Dwight among the Cherokees, and when he was about to return to his contemplated field among the Choctaws, was removed by death, Nov. 21, 1833, after an illness of only ii days. He was a good man and his end was peace. [Mr. Joslin's widow married a Mr. Newton, and is now living at San Antonio, Texas. — E. A. F.] Ira Bushnell, son of Dea. Jedediah Bushnell, was born June 11, 1826; fitted for college at Johnson, and graduated in Burlington in 1856. He was a yoinig man of deep piety, and of much promise, who had consecrated himself to the work of the ministry. But being not the readiest, though one of the most persistent of stu- dents, and a very athletic young man, who had been accustomed to labor on a farm, his health during his college course was undermined. Soon after he graduated, he was attacked with hemorrhage of the lungs, and gradually wasted away until June 16, 1858, when he died. GuRLEY A. Phelps, M. D., was born in Waitsfield, June 30, 1822 ; pursued a course of classical study at Montpelier and of professional study at Castle ton, and the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York. Took up his residence in Jaflfrey, N. H., where he has had an exten- sive practice, and attained a wide reputa- tion as a skillful physician. He married April 10, 185 1, Miss Adaliza Cutter, who deserves mention as a poetess of much merit. Some time after her death he was married again (Nov. 3, 1858,) to Miss Nancy P. Stoughton. He united at an early date with the Congregational church, and the testimony of those who know him best is, that he is both the Christian gen- tleman and the beloved physician. There are quite a number of other noted men who were reared in this town ; edu- cated in her common schools and whose purposes for life were undoubtedly formed for the most part while residents, a part of whom entered into their business or began to study their profession while here. We are able in this number to mention Hon. Geo. N. Dale, at present president pro. tem. of the Vermont senate, and Col. C. H. Joyce of Rutland, both of whom grew up to manhood in Waitsfield ; Norman Durant, Esq., whose promising life was lost in the search for gold in California in 1850, and Luther L. Durant, (brother of the above,) at the age of 8 years be- came a resident of Waitsfield, and may, therefore be said to have received his early education in that town. And this with an occasional term at the select school com- prised all his course of general study. At his majority he entered the office of B. H. Adams, Esq., of Waitsfield, and com- menced the study of the law, completing his course with C. W. Upham of Barre. He then practiced at Waitsfield from 1852 to October, 1855, when he was invited by Hon. Paul Dillingham to enter into part- nership at Waterbury for 5 years, and at its close had hardly opened an office him- self before the same offer was repeated and accepted, which being fulfilled in Decem- ber, 1866, he removed to Montpelier and formed partnership with Col. F. V. Ran- dall. The court docket shows that their practice must now be very extensive, in- deed. Reference to his initials will bear out the pleasantry that he has the title as well as the practice; while at Waitsfield (viz., in 1853) he married Miss Julia M. Tenneyof Dalton, N. H., with whom he still lives, and by whom he had 2 children. The father of these two successful men passed away in 1868 ; a much esteemed citizen and devoted Christian, and a genial and intelligent man. The mother still resides at Waitsfield. 792 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. We may also mention Hon. G. D. Rice, of Wisconsin, and Hon. Edmund Rice, both of whom were reared and had en- gaged in business in Waitsfield before they became pioneers in the West, and whose subsequent record we have much reason to be proud' of, and Hon. Ww. PiNGRY, who spent a number of his best years in town as an attorney, and who had a commanding influence in the town while he remained. We must crave the forbearance of our friends in advance, on account of the al- most certainty that some names which ought to be noticed will be overlooked, and defend ourself slightly by remarking that quite a number of the circulars we sent out to obtain accurate information have not come back to us again. We have no reason to suppose that our work will amount to more than a beginning, for the history of AVaitsfield is making yet, and in closing this sketch, which, though more laborious than we anticipated, has yet afforded us much pleasure, as treasuring up much that ought to be saved, but that would in a few years have been lost. We ask our young friends especially to make such use of the means of education, take such a stand on all the questions of the day, and ground themselves upon such noble principles, that whoever takes up the historic pen we are now about to lay down, shall be able to say at least that the old stock has not degenerated. In some particulars it will be difficult indeed for them to obtain a better record than that. WAITSFIELD, 1869-1S82. BY DEA. E. A. FISK. In the preceding pages. Rev. P. B. Fisk has brought the history of Waitsfield down to 1869. Since that date, events have occurred which ought not to be left unrecorded. — Two tasteful and commodious churches have been erected in our village ; the rire- fiend has broken loose and destroyed more property than during all the previous his- tory of the town ; a radical change has been made in our common school system. and there are many minor events which should not be omitted. CHURCHES. In 1S70, the Methodist church was built at a cost of about $7500, On the base- ment floor, is a large room for Sabbath schools, lectures, &c., besides smaller rooms for other purposes ; while above, is the audience room, capable of seating about 300 persons. It is a good church, tasteful and convenient, and reflects great credit upon the builders, who overcame many difficulties in its erection. It was dedicated in Feb., 1871. The following is a list of the pastors of the M. E. church since 1869: Rev. J. Hamilton, 1S70-71 ; Rev. E. Folsom, 1871-74; Rev. J. A. Sherburne, 1874-77; Rev. C. H. Leverton, iSyy-yS; Rev. Geo. L. Wells, 1878-81 ; Rev. C. P. Taplin, 1881 to the present time. In 1874, the Congregational church, which stood upon the edge of a plateau, east of the village, was taken down, and a new church built in the village, using the materials of the old as far as practicable. Rev. J. H. Babbitt pastor of the church, was the architect, and every jDart of the structure bears witness of the care and skill with which his labors were performed. Several good judges have said that there are very few churches in the rural towns of Vermont that will compare with it. This church, likewise, has its audience room above, and convenient rooms, for other purposes, on the ground floor. Cost about $8600, exclusive of several hundred dollars in gratuitous labor. The building committee were able to report every dol- lar of expenses provided for soon after the dedication of the church in July, 1875; and what is better, the building of this church was not the cause of the least divis- ion or hard feeling among the members of the society, as is too often the case. Rev. J. H. Babbitt continued to be the pastor of the Congregational church till Dec, 1876, when, much to the regret of his parishioners, he resigned, and was suc- ceeded by Rev. Stephen H. Robinson, who was ordained in Sept., 1877, and is the pastor at the present time. WAITSFIELD. 793 In Sept., 1881, Pliny B. Fisk, a member of this church, who graduated at U. V. M., and studied at Yale Theo. Sem,, was ordained here as an evangelist to labor on our Western frontier. UNIVERSALIST. This society has had occasional preach- ing since 1S69, and for a year or two pre- vious to 1875 they held regular services. Rev. John Gregory, of Northfield, and Rev. W. H. Walbridge, occupying the pulpit on alternate Sabbaths. Some time in 1874, Mr. Walbridge was ordained here, but at the close of the year, removed to Stowe. SCHOOLS. The legislature of 1870, passed an act enabling a town to abolish its school dis- tricts, and bring the schools under the di- rect supervision of the town. In accord- dance with this act, Waitsfield, at its annual meeting in 1871, voted to adopt the town system of schools. It was a new measure in this State, and was regarded by many of its friends as an experiment, which they undertook with many fears, and in the face of a strong opposition. Two years later, the town voted to contin- ue it by a very small majority ; but after ten years of trial, its success was such, that when the proposition was made to re- turn to the district system, nearly three fourths of the votes cast were against it. Schools are maintained in the same places as formerly, with the exception of a very small one which has been dropped from the list. The school year, however, has been lengthened from two terms, or 24 weeks, to 3 terms, or 30 weeks in all. There has also been greater permanence of teachers, and the school-houses are much improved. It is but just to add that the efficient su- pervision of Dr. W. A. Jones, for 7 years past the chairman of the board of school directors, has done much toward the pros- perity of our schools. TEMPERANCE. A Good Templars Lodge was organized in 1868, and has held weekly meetings to the present time. By this means, some who were intemperate have reformed ; many young persons have become thor- oughly established in temperance princi- ples, and public sentiment on the subject has greatly improved. FIRES. It is mentioned by Rev. P. B. Fisk, that from the settlement of the town to the time of writing his history, 15 fires had oc- curred ; but from that date to the present time there have been 12 fires of consider- able dimensions, besides two cooper-shops and several sugar-houses. In three cases an entire set of farm buildings were de- stroyed ; in one, a house and small barn in the village ; in four or five cases houses were burned, and on four occasions a barn or barns were consumed, and in two of these, cattle were burned. As early as 1877, it began to be suspect- ed that all these fires were not accidental. In April of that year, unoccupied build- ings belonging to Mr. John Towle were burned, and this was followed in about a month by the destruction of Geo. Folsom's barns and 18 cows, and the next night L. K. Hooker's house and barns were burned. The latter could be accounted for, but the others could not. Next in October, 1878, Mr. T. G. W. Farr's house and barns were burned under circumstances that were very mysterious, to say the least. There appeared to be no way to account for it except as the work of an incendiary, and yet it hardly seemed possible that any one could be so bold as to set a fire early in a moonlight evening, in the position where it was first observed. In October, 1879, on the exact anniver- sary of the fire at Mr. Farr's, another large fire occurred which was equally inexplica- ble. Several barns belonging to Mr. L. R. Joslyn were burned. A pair of 4-years old oxen weighing over 4,000 pounds, and that had just taken the first premium at the State Fair, were also destroyed. This fire was the scene of desperate but success- ful effort to save Mr. Joslyn's house and other buildings. After exhausting the supplies of water near at hand, a line of men was formed reaching to the river a third of a mile away, and thus buckets of water came to hand so rapidly that by the 794 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. aid of a small force-pump and a favorable wind the fire was stayed. About a week after this Mr. R. H. Barnard's barns were burned early one morning. It then seemed certain that some one living among us was the author of this destruction, but the evidence against any one was so meagre that no arrests were made. The next week, however, occurred the largest fire of all, and it proved to be the final one of this series. All of Mr. E. W. Bisbee's buildings (just in the edge of Moretown,) were de- stroyed, and a man was seen running away from the barn just before the fire broke out. A court of investigation was held, and the evidence pointed in a certain direction so strongly that the person im- plicated finally confessed to having set six fires during two or three years previous. We will not attempt to immortalize his name by recording it here, but will simply say that he is now serving out a sentence of 25 years at Windsor. Since then we have had no fires of any importance, but those times of excitement and fear made so strong an impression upon the people of Waitsfield that even at the present time they can scarcely be re- called without a shudder. It is sometimes said that lightning never strikes twice in the same spot, but Mr. O. H. Joslin had a barn burned by light- ning in 1868, and again in 1876 another built upon the site of the old one was burned by the same cause, and a year or two after a tree very near where these barns were burned was struck, and a cow standing under it knocked kown ; also a tree standing in Mr. Joslin's pasture has been twice struck by lightning, it being set on fire the last time. There has been a very noticeable im- provement in the character of farm build- ings in this town during the last few years. One large barn is now the order of the day, instead of the cluster of small ones that one used to see. This plan has been followed almost without exception where barns have been burned, thus giving us an example of the way in which good may come out of evil. And many others are rebuilding upon the same plan, so that ac- cording to present appearances it will take but a few years longer to work a complete revolution in the appearance of barns in this town. INSTANCES OF LONGEVITV. The records show the death of so many aged persons in town since 1867, that some statement in regard to it seems to be de- manded. During that period 33 persons have died at an age exceeding 80 years. Of this number, 18 were more than 85, and 8 more than 90 years old. The names and ages of the latter are as follows : Henry Dewey, aged 96, died in 1875 ; Mrs. Elizabeth Barrett, 94, in 1873 ; Job House, 94, 1874; Miss Charlotte Smith, 93, in 1882; Thomas Prentiss, 92, 1877; Daniel Skinner, 91, 1877 ; Avery Sherman, 99, 1873; Michael Ryle, 90, 1880. Mr. Thomas Prentiss, whose name ap- pears in this list, was a great reader, and until a short time before his death there were very few persons in town who kept themselves better informed concerning the events of the times, political and general, or whose opinions in regard to the same were more intelligent and discriminating. PHYSICIANS. Dr. D. C. Joslin died in 1874; Dr. E. G. Hooker remained here till 1881, and acquired an extensive practice, but has re. moved to Waterbury ; Dr. C. F. Camp came here in 1881 ; Dr. J. M. VanDeusen (homoeopathist), is still with us. LAWYERS. Hiram Carleton removed in 1876, and John W. Gregory came here in 1879. MEMBERS OF LEGISLATURE. Representatives. — 1870, Hiram Carleton, chosen by a unanimous vote of the town ; 1872, H.N. Bushnell ; 1874, M. E. Hadley ; 1876, '78, L.M.Tyler; 1880, W. A. Jones. Senators. — J. H. Hastings, of this town, was State Senator in 1869 and 1870, and Ira Richardson in 1876, the latter dying during his term of office. R. J. Gleason has been town clerk for more than 25 years, and postmaster since the first election of Lincoln. WAITSFIELD. 795 TOWN CLERKS. Moses Heaton, from March, 1794, to March, 1796; Benjamin Wait, Jr., 1796 to 1802; Salah Smith, 1802 to '4, '5 to '7 ; Ezra Jones, 1804 to '5, '7 to 'lo ; Edmund Rice, I8I0 to '16, '26 to '2-] ; Matthias S. Jones, 1816 to '26; Jennison Jones, I827 to '28; Lewis Holden, I828 to '36; Wm. M. Pingry, I836 to '4I ; Orange Smith, I84I, '43, '45 to '46; Jonathan Morse, I843 to ''45 ; Cyrus Joslin, I846 to '48 ; Cyrus Skinner, I848 to the time of his death in I855; R. J. Gleason, June 22, 1855, to March, I882. Mr. Gleason was appointed by the selectmen to fill the vacancy oc- casioned by the death of Mr. Skinner, and has been elected by the town at every annual meeting since that time. ACCIDENTAL DEATHS. At least two have occurred since Rev. Mr. Fisk made out his list in 1869. Mary Ann Riley, a child of James Riley, aged 4 years, was killed by a cart-body falling over upon her, Sept. 16, 1876. Seth Chase, aged 10 years, a son of Timothy Chase, who was Hying at Thomas Poland's, was drowned in Mad River while bathing, June 5, 1881. REV. PLINY FISK BARNARD. Mr. Barnard was dismissed from the church in Williamstown in 1870, and was soon settled over the Congregational church in Westhampton, Mass., where he remain- ed 3 years, when he was dismissed, and after a few months became acting pastor of the Congregational church in Westminis- ter, where he remained till 1880, when he removed to Ashburnham, Mass., where he resides at the present time, (1882) but has preached for the past year at South Royal- ston, Mass. REV. PERRIN B. FISK, was dismissed from the Congregational church in Peacham in 1870, and removed to Lyndonville, where he remained until Dec, 1874. During his ministry at that place, a church was organized, and a house of worship and a parsonage built. The plans for these buildings originated largely with Mr. Fisk, and his cares were greatly increased by his supervision of their building, but when completed they were very highly spoken of by the best judges. After leaving Lyndonville, Mr. Fisk re- moved to Springfield, this State, and re- mained -as pastor of the Congregational church in that place 2 years, when he was dismissed and accepted a call to the Con- gregational church in Lake City, Minn., where he now resides. REV HENRY PARKER (BY C. J. SAUGENT, OF WAKREN.) was born in Waitsfield. His parents were Stephen C. and Angeline Parker. In his younger days he was a clerk in stores at Warren, Brookfield and in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and from there he went to Meadvllle College, Penn., in I874, where he graduated in I877, and then went to Ouincy, Mass., and toother places preach- ing on trial, and finally settled in Nashua, N. H., with a large salary. He is a fine speaker and a deep thinker, of the Uni- tarian theology. Ellen H. Sampson, daughter of Rev. Guy C. Sampson, was born in this town, as she wrote the Compiler, from Lapeer, Mich., in I858. Miss S. has been many years a poetical correspondent for several of the current papers and magazines. Her father, a well-known anti-slavery and tem- perance editor and lecturer, died in the West some years since. He edited a tem- perance paper for some time, published at Woodstock, which town will doubtless have some more definite account of him and his family. From the Vermont Record. Amariah Chandler was born in Deer- field, Mass., Oct. 27, 1782, the youngest, and last survivor, of 9 children of Moses and Persis (Harris) Chandler, both of them natives of Lancaster, Mass. When about 5 years of age he removed to Shel- burne, Mass., where he lived till manhood. He fitted for college with Rev. Theophilus Packard, of Shelburne, entered the junior class in the University of Vermont in 1805, and was graduated in 1807. At the time of his death he was the oldest alumnus of the University. He read theology with Rev. Theophilus Packard about a year, was licensed by the North Hampshire (now Franklin) Asso- ciation, Nov. 8, 1808, and was ordained pastor of the Congregational church in 796 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Waitsfield, Vt., Feb. 7, 1810. Rev. Elijah Lyman, of Brookfield, preached the ser- mon, from Luke 2 : 34. He was dismissed Feb. 3, 1830, and became stated supply of the Second Congregational church in Hard- wick, to which he preached nearly 10 years. During that time a revival took place, and 40 were added to the church. He was installed pastor of the First Con- gregational church in Greenfield, Mass., Oct. 25, 1832. Rev. Bancroft Foster preached the sermon. In 1846, he re- ceived the degree of D. D. from the Uni- versity of Vermont. In 1853, he was a member of the Constitutional Convention of Massachusetts. His sermon before the Legislature of Vermont in 1824, was pub- lished, as were also several others of his occasional sermons and some miscellaneous pamphlets. They are evidently the pro- ductions of a mind of great native strength. He died in Greenfield, Oct. 20, 1864. He married, Oct. 2, 1808, Abigail Whitney, of Shelburne, Mass., by whom he had 4 sons and 4 daughters. She died June 19, 1833, and he married, Nov. 17, 1840, Mary (Nims) Roberts, widow of Horace Roberts, Esq., of Whitingham, Vt. She died Mar. i, 1852, and he mar- ried, Oct. 2, 1855, Mrs. Eliza (Bixby) Gleason, widow of Solomon Gleason, of Coleraine, Mass, p. h. w. Coventry, Vt., Nov. 26, 1864. ROSWELL G. HORR, Congressman, was born in Waitsfield, but left when about 2 years old. He is now serving his second term at Washing- ton, as member of the House of Represen- tatives from Michigan, and has the name of being the "wittiest" man in Congress. During the campaign of 1880, he re-visited Waitsfield, and made an address at short notice, which was enthusiastically received. MILITARY, CONCLUDED FROM. PAGE 778. The Memorial Record of Waitsfield, Vt., prepared by Rev. A. B. Dascomb. Pub- lished by vote of the town. Montpelier: Printed at the Free/nan Steam Printing Establishment, 1867. [Extract from, of interesting facts not given in Mr. Fisk's paper :] Luther Ainsworth enlisted August 14, 1861, in Co. H, 6th Vt. Reg.; mustered in 2d Lt. ; promoted Feb. 18, '62, to ist Lt. ; Sept. 20, '62, Capt. ; killed May 4, '63, near Fredericksburg, Va., while lead- ing his men in a charge upon the enemy. He was shot throug the abdomen, dying a few hours after he was wounded. His homeless, orphaned children draw a pen- sion of $20 per month. Albert D. Barnard enlisted in Co. B, 13th Reg , Aug. 25, '62; mustered in Oct. 10, '62 ; discharged with his company at Brat- tleboro, July 21, '63, in a state of exhaus- tion; fever set in; died Aug. 12. '63, aged 21 years. Mitchell Basconner enlisted Aug. 14, '61, in Co. H,6th Reg. ; mustered Oct. 15, '61 ; killed at Lee's Mills, Apr. 16, '62. Charles M. Benedict enlisted May 7, '61, in Co. F, 2d Reg. ; mustered in June 20, '61 ; deserted Aug. 30, '62. Leonard C. Berry enlisted in Co. H, 2d U. S. Sharpshooters, Dec. 14, '63; must- ered in Dec. 18, '63; was in hospital at Washington 3 months with a wound ; trans- ferred to Co. H, 4th Reg., Feb. 25, '65 ; mustered out July 13, '65 ; wounded June 16, '64, in the arm. Henry N. Bushnell enlisted Aug. 14, '61, as a member of Co. H, 6th Reg. ; mustered in as Sergt.,Oct. 15, '61 ; receiv- ed a commission as 2d Lieut., May 4, '63 ; as 1st Lieut., May 15, '64; as Captain, Oct. 29, '64 ; on detached service in Division Sharpshooters 4 months ; 5 months served as 1st Lieut. Co. C, 6th Reg. With others of his company from this town, he was in all the battles in which the regiment was engaged — about 25 engagements — cover- ing 50 days' fighting ; in his 4 years' ser- vice was sick less than a week, and never wounded, save very slightly ; mustered out June 26, '65. Bertram D. Campbell enlisted in Co. H, 3d Reg. June3,'6i ; mustered out Aug., '61 ; enlisted again ii. Co. H, 6th Reg. ; thrown out by the surg. ; re-enlisted in Co. G, mus- tered in Oct. 15, 1862. Toward the close of the summer compaign, sent to hospital at Philadelphia ; discharged honorably Oct. 22, '62, receiving a pension of $6 per month. Aug. 9, '64, again enlisted for the town of Barton, in Co. C, ist Vt. Cav. ; mustered in Aug. 11, '64. In the battle at Winchester, Sept. 19, '64, shot through the abdomen and died in a few moments. WAITSFIELD. 797 He was buried near a white church, i^ 1 mile east of Winchester. Oliver C. Campbell, brother of Bertram D., enlisted in Co. I, gth Reg., June 9, '62 ; promoted 2d Lieut. July 9, '62 ; taken prisoner with his Regiment at Harper's Ferry, Sept. 14, '62 ; paroled, was sent to Chicago; Dec. i, resigned his commis- sion ; re-enlisted July 9, '63, in the Veter- an Reserve Corps; promoted, ist serg. at the organization of the company, and served at Rutland, Concord, N. H., Bos- ton, Ms., till Nov. 15, '65, was discharged. Wesley E. Dana enlisted in Co. F, 17th Reg., Jan. 2, '64; discharged July 17, '65 ; was wounded at Spottsylvania by a ball passing through the neck. Foster S. Dana, brother of the above, enlisted July 2, '61, in Co. H, 3d Reg.; mustered in July 16, '61 ; mustered out July 27, ''64 ; was on duty every day of his 3 years' service, though twice wounded, once at Lee's Mills, and again at Spottsyl- vania, Va. Three other brothers of the above, C. S., Edwin H., and S.J. Dana, enlisted and served in the army. All six returned safely, after being honorably discharged, having performed 12 years of service. Albee H. Dewey enlisted in Co. B, 13th Reg., Aug. 25, '62; was mustered in as Sergt., Oct. 10, '62 ; re-enlisted in the Signal Corps, Oct. 23, '63; Jan. i, '64, sent to Newbern, N. C. ; soon after placed in command of a signal station at Fort Gaston ; Sept. 26, attacked by yellow fever ; died the 28th, aged 32 ; buried in the Soldiers' Cemetery at Newbern. Hiram F. Dike enlisted Aug. 14, '61, in Co. H, 7th Reg. ; mustered in Oct. 15, '61 ; promoted Corp., Mar. 12, '62; missed in action at Banks' Ford, May 4, '63 ; sup- posed to be dead. Alba B. Durkee enlisted in Co. I, 9th Reg., Dec. 21, '63; mustered in Jan. 6, '64; died Sept. 25, '64. Isaac H. Elliot enlisted in Co. I, 9th Reg., June 26, '62; mustered in July 9, '62 ; taken prisoner at Winchester, Sept. 3, '62 ; held by the enemy 20 days ; dis- charged Sept. 25, '62, by reason of ill- health. Edward A. Fisk enlisted Aug. 21, '62, in Co. B, 13th Reg. ; mustered in Oct. 10, '62 ; mustered out July 21, '63. Heman R. French enlisted June 23, '62, in Co. I, 9th Reg. ; mustered in July 9, '62 ; taken prisoner with his regiment at Harper's Ferry, Sept. 14, '62; promoted hospital steward, Feb. 4, '65 ; mustered out June 13, '65. Ephraim H. Fuller enlisted in Co. H, 6th Reg., Aug. 14, '61 ; mustered in Oct. 15, '61, as corporal; discharged Oct. 28, '64; wounded at Lee's Mills, Va., Apr. 16, '62, in both thighs ; draws a pension of $4. per month. William H. H. Greenslit enlisted June 20, '62, in Co. I, 9th Reg. ; mustered in July 9, '62; committed suicide Aug. 21, '62, at Winchester, Va. Manley N. Hoyt enlisted in Co. G, 6th Reg., Oct. 7, '61 ; mustered in Oct. 15, '61 ; died July 18, '62, at Philadelphia, of chronic diarrhea, aged 31 years. George M. Jones enlisted in the 2d Reg. U. S. S. S., Co. H, Nov. 28, '63 ; muster- ed in Dec. 18, '63 ; killed at the battle of the Wilderness, May 6, '64, while assisting a wounded comrade from the field. He, like the others from this town killed in that battle, was struck in the head and killed instantly. John F. Jones enlisted Sept. 10, '61, in Co. G, 6th Reg. ; mustered in as Sergt., Oct. 15, '61; discharged Apr. 17, '63, on account of sickness ; re-enlisted in Massa- chusetts ; after a few months' service, sick- ened, and died Nov. 28, '64. Eugene E. Joslin enlisted in the 2d Reg. of U. S. S. S., Co. H, Nov. 28, '63 ; muster- ed in Dec- 18, '63 ; promoted Corp., Nov. I , '64 ; afterwards Sergt. ; transferred to Co. H, 4th Reg., Feb. 25, '65 ; discharged July 13, '65 ; wounded in the shoulder at the battle of the Wilderness, May 6, '64. Seymour L. Kneeland enlisted Nov. 28, '63, in 1st Cav. Reg., Co. C; mustered in Dec. 25, '63; transferred to Co. A, June 21, '65 ; mustered out Aug. 9, '65 ; taken prisoner Dec. 19, '64, on picket duty near Woodstock, Va., by scouts of the 12th Va. Cav.; kept at Staunton, Va., 12 days; taken to Richmond and confined in Libb ygS VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Prison. His food was the usual scant al- lowance of corn bread and poor bacon — just enough to hold flesh and spirit to- gether ; was paroled Mar. 9. '65 ; exchang- ed about a month after. James L. Maynard enlisted in Co. H, 2d Reg., U. S. S. S., Nov. 28, '63; mus- tered in Dec. iS, '63 ; killed May 6, '64, at the battle of the Wilderness ; shot through the head. Like the others from this town killed in that battle, his body was not re- covered. Ziba H. McAllister enlisted Aug. 25, '62, in Co. B, 13th Reg. ; mustered in Oct. 10, '62; mustered out July 21, '63; re-enlisted in Co. C, ist Vt. Cav., Nov. 30, '63; mustered in Dec. 25, '63; mustered out Aug. 9, '65, having been transferred to Co. A, June 21, '65 ; wounded Oct. 7, '64, in the side and back, while on duty in the Shenandoah Valley, Va. Irenas P. Newcomb enlisted in Co. H, 6th Reg., Aug. 14, '61 ; mustered in Oct. 15, '61 ; died at Hampton, Va., of typhoid pneumonia, Apr. 9, '62, aged 18 years and 8 months ; buried there. Edwin F. Palmer enlisted Aug. 25, '62, in Co. B, 13th Reg. ; mustered in asSergt., Oct. 10, '62; promoted 2d Lieut., Nov. 4, '62; mustered out July 21, '63. Lieut. Palmer kept a record of his army life, and has since published it in a neat book form, entitled " Camp Life," containing 224 pp. The book is a history of his company, in which there were 23 men from this town ; also of the 13th Reg. and 2d Brig. It is a graphic portrayal of the discomforts, vveari- ness, danger, with the occasional relief of comfort, rest and pleasure, incident to soldiers' life. Dexter Parker enlisted Aug. 25, '62, in Co. B, 13th Reg. ; mustered in Oct. 10, '62 ; in the battle of Gettysburg was se- verely wounded in the hand ; mustered out July 21, '63; draws a pension of $4 per month. Lorin B. Reed enlisted Aug. 25, '62; in Co. B, 13th Reg.; mustered in Oct. 10, '62 ; musician in the brigade band ; died of measles in hospital at Wolf Run Shoals, 'May 30, '63, aged 21 years, 11 months. Oscar C. Reed enlisted Aug. 25, '62, in Co. B, 13th Reg. ; died of fever in hospital near Fairfax, Va., Dec. 26, '62, aged 24. His body, and that of his cousin, Lorin B. Reed, were brought home for burial. Edwin R. Richardson enlisted in Co. H, 6th Reg., Aug. 14, '61 ; mustered in Oct. 15, '61 ; promoted Corp., Feb. 8, '62 ; pro- moted Sergt., July 10, '63; ist Sergt., June 5, '64 ; re-enlisted Dec. 15, '63 ; killed at Charlestown, Va., Aug. 21, '64; shot through the head, and died immediately. His body was brought home for burial. Loren S. Richardson enlisted Nov. 28, '63 ; mustered in as a recruit in Co. H, 2d Reg. of U. S. S. S., Dec. 18, '63; trans- ferred to Co. H, 4th Reg., Feb. 25, '65; mustered out July 14, ^6^ ; wounded se- verely in the shoulder, at Cold Harbor, June ID, '64. Lucius D. Savage enlisted in Co. F, 2d Reg., May 20, '61 ; in the battle of Savage Station, June 29, '62, wounded and per- manently disabled in the right knee, and taken prisoner; released July 25, '62 ; dis- charged Nov. 29, '62 ; receives a half pen- sion, $4 per month. Dr. Henry C. Shaw went out from this town as Assistant Surgeon of the 2d N. H. Reg. ; serving out his time, 3 months, re- turned as Assistant Surgeon in 5th Vt. Reg. ; died of fever at Alexandria, Va., Sept. 7, '62, aged 30. His remains were brought home for interment. Lucius S. Shaw, Esq., brother of Dr. Henry C, while practicing law in Law- rence, Kansas, enlisted in the 2d Kansas Reg.; was promoted Lieut., and killed Sept. 3, '61, aged 31, by an accident on the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad, caused by the burning of a bridge. His body lies beside that of his brother. Daniel P. Shepard enlisted Aug. 14, ''61, in Co. H, 6th Reg. ; mustered Corp., Oct. 15, '61; afterwards served as teamster; re-enlisted Dec. 15, '63 ; mustered out June 26, '65 ; wounded in the leg at Lee's Mills, Va., Apr. 16, '62. Mason C. Shepard, brother of Daniel P., enlisted Aug. 14, '61, in Co. H, 6th Reg. ; mustered in Oct. 15, '61 ; re-enlist- ed Dec. 15, '63; transferred to Co. G, Jan. I, '65 ; transferred back May 18, '65 ; WAITSFIELD. 799 in hospital several months ; mustered out June 26, '65 ; wounded in the breast and face at Lee's Mills, April 16, '62. Lewis M. Spaulding enlisted Aug. 14, '61, in Co. H, 6th Reg. ; mustered in Oct. 15, '61 ; re-enlisted Dec. 15, '63 ; killed at the battle of the Wilderness, May 5, '64. A ball pierced his head while charging the enemy with the Vermont troops, and he died instantly. Solon S. Spaulding, brother of Lewis M., enlisted Aug. 14, '61, in Co. H, 6th Reg. ; mustered in Oct. 15, ''61 ; promoted Corp.; re-enlisted Dec. 15, '63 ; discharged June 12, '65, with health impaired by long- continued sickness. Harlan P. Stoddard enlisted in Co. E, 2d Reg., May i, '61; in the battle at Savage Station, wounded by the passage of a ball through the pelvis, and taken prisoner; discharged July 30, '63. His wound he will probably never recover from. He receives a full pension, $15 per month. Three of his brothers followed him into the U. S. service. Horace B. Stoddard enlisted in Co. F, 2d Reg.. Sept. '61 ; a few months before the expiration of his time of service, while at his post in the battle of the Wilderness, was sti'uck by a ball in the head, and it is supposed died instantly. His body, and that of his brother, L. Thompson Stod- dard, were not recovered. L. Thompson Stoddard enlisted in Co. B, 13th Reg., Aug. 25, '62 ; mustered out July 21, '63; re-enlisted in Co. C, 17th Reg., Jan. 5, '63 ; mustered in Corp. ; car- ried the State colors till cut and torn in pieces by shot and shell ; at the time of the explosion of the mine at Petersburg, was wounded in the shoulder while trying to get back to the Union lines, and taken prisoner ; spared the horrors of long con- finement in Southern prisons ; died 8 days after the explosion, Aug. 7, '64, while in the hands of the enemy. Lyman Stoddard enlisted Sept. 20, '61 ; mustered in Oct. 15, '61, as a member of Co. G, 6th Reg. ; re-enlisted Dec. 15, '63 ; mustered out June 26, '65 ; two brothers also served in the army for other towns, Daniel and Franklin Stoddard. Cyron G. Thayer enlisted Aug. 25, '62, in Co. B, 13th Reg. ; died May 20, '63, of measles, age 21. James M. Thayer, brother of Cyron G., enlisted ; mustered into the same company at the same time ; discharged for sickness Jan. 22, '63 ; has since died. Orcus C. Wilder enlisted Aug. 25, '62, in Co. B, 13th Reg. ; mustered Capt. Oct. 10, '62 ; mustered out July 21, '63. Capt. Wilder and the 20 men or more in his company from Waitsfield, were hotly engaged in the batde of Gettysburg, though none were killed. This was all the fighting they saw during their g months' service. OUR ENLISTMENTS IN OTHER TOWNS. Young men who grew up among us and are known to all . Matthias J. Bushnell, age 26, enlisted in ist Wis. Cav., Co. B, Aug. 24, '61 ; mus- tered in Corp. ; killed in a small engage- ment with the rebels, near Madison, Ark., Aug. 3, '62, while guarding a wagon train. All who were with him were killed or taken prisoners. Hiland G. Campbell, age 26, enlisted for the town of Warren, as a recruit for the 3d Vt. Battery. In Oct. kicked by a horse, and injured in the thigh ; remained in hos- pital ; discharged ; receives a pension of $8 per month ; bounty $733.34, Government and town. Israel Childs, a former resident of the town for many years, enlisted early in the war, in the 30th Wis. Reg., and served 3 years, a part of the time in the frontier service. Chester S. Dana, age 33, enlisted for Fayston ; bounty $200, from Government. Edwin H. Dana, age 32, enlisted for Waterbury ; was wounded at the battle of Cold Harbor, June 3, '64 ; draws a pension of $6 per month ; bounty, $300 govern- ment, and $300 town. Samuel J. Dana, age 29, brother of Edwin H. and the three before named, enlisted for Fayston ; wounded by a shell at Get- tysburg; bounty from government $25. William W. McAllister, age 20, enlisted Aug. 8, '64, in 3d Vt. Light Artill., on de- 8oo VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. tached service at Rutland, Vt., and Fair- haven, Ct., 6 months, the remainder of the time at Petersburg, Va.i discharged June 15, "65 ; bounty, $500. Harlen G. Newcomb, age 24, enlisted Aug. 19, '62, in Co. K, 145th N. Y. Vols. ; mustered in on Staten Island ; fall of the next year, while in hospital, detailed as nurse; Mar., '64, transferred to Co. I, 107th N. Y. Vols. ; next month joined the company at Shelbyville, Tenn., detailed at Div. Head Quarters, Sept., '64, after sur- render of Atlanta ; rejoined his company, May 23, '65 ; discharged June 19, '65 ; bounty, $175, from government, state, and town. Daniel Russ, age 29, enlisted June 23, '62, in Co. I, 9th Reg. Vt. Vols. ; taken prisoner and paroled at the surrender of Harper's Ferry, Sept. 15, '62; detailed as clerk in dispensary, April 15, '63; in hos- pital from Sept. '63, till Jan. 12, ''64, when he rejoined his company ; promoted Sergt. Mar. 26, '64; 1st Sergt., Mar. '65; dis- charged by order of the President, June 8, '65, at Manchester, Va. ; bounty, $100. James C. Russ, brother of Daniel, en- listed in Co. A, 42d Wis. Vols, ; dis- charged June 28, '65. Frank E. Spaulding, aged 26, enlisted in Sheldon, Sept. 61, in Co. K, 6th Reg. Vt. Vols. ; discharged June 30, '62, for disability. George E. Spaulding, aged 18, brother of Frank "E., Solon S. and Lewis M., en- listed in Co. G, loth N. Y. Vols, for Albany ; served from April till Aug. '65 ; bounty, $600, from town. Charles D. Tewksbury, aged 23, enlisted Sept. 17, '61, in Co. B, 52d 111. Vols. Inf. ; mustered in at Geneva, 111., Oct. 25, '61, as Corp.; promoted Sergt., May 16, '62; re-enlisted as veteran Dec. 25, '63; pro- moted 1st Sergt. Apr. ''64; mustered out July 6, '65, at Louisville, Ky., receiving a lieutenant's commission ; received $502 bounty from government, and $1 from Bureau Co., 111. ; was wounded at the bat- tle of Shiloh in the head ; in hospital only long enough to have his wound dressed during his 4 years' service ; traveled with his regiment over 6,000 miles, 1,600 of which he marched on foot ; after that, started off under Gen. Sherman, and marched around to Savannah, and up to Washington. Isaac Norton Tewksbury, uncle of Chas. D., native of Waitsfield, and more than 20 years resident, served in a Mich. Reg. ; killed in the battle of Pittsburg Landing, aged 52. Other persons, natives of Waitsfield, have doubtless served in the army, but the compiler has failed to learn the facts in regard to them. AFTER THE CRUCIFIXION. BY MRS. T. E. FISHER. " Jesus has died upon the cross!" Oh bow the tidings fell With stunning weiglit on those who loved The " Hope of Israel!' A few had owned Him as the Clirist. The " very Clirist," and they Had lett tlieir all to follow Hiiu Upon His blessed way. But Oh, they had not understood How dark that way must be, They knew not that tlie Sou of God Could die upon the tree. And when they saw Him on the cross, Hope was not wholly gone. They thought by some mysterious power God might save His Sou. But when He bowed His godlike head And yielded up the ghost. When He had died as dies mere man, They gave up all for lost. Oh, who can paint the bitter grief That wrung their hearts that hour, The deep, unutterable despair That crushed them with its power. Had He deceived them ? Could it be The Shiloh had not come? Their brows were pale Willi grief and diead. Their ashy lips were dumb. Three days His body, cold and still. Within the grave had lain. When thrilled their hearts the joyful words, "Jesus has risen again 1" Jesus has risen again; no more Anguish and doubts and fears. Glad joy lights up the wondering eyes So lately dimmed by tears. He is the Lord I the mighty God 1 The Jesus, the Saviour lives! And O, new proof, He is the same, Their unbeliet forgives. Jesns has risen from the dead! No more we fear to die. Because Thou livest we shall live, O, Son of God Most High. WARREN. 80 1 WARREN. BY CHAItLES W. HEMENWAY, OF LUDLOW. This township lies in lat. 44°, 6'; long. 40°, ir, in the south-west of Washington Co. The town formerly belonged to Ad- dison Co., and was annexed to Washing- ton Co. by an act of the Legislature, Oct. 28, 1829. The charter was granted Nov. 9, I780, to John Throop and associates. GRANTEES AS DRAWN WITH NO. OF LOT. John Marcy, Jr., lot 2I ; Oliver Barker, I9 ; Stephen Marcy, I7 ; Nathaniel and ElishaFrisbee, I5 ; Oliver Farnsworth, I3 ; Nathan Hale, 11; Seth Austin, 9 ; Ruggles Kent, 7 ; Joseph Marcy, 5 ; Joel Roberts, 3 ; Abraham Baldwin, 1 ; Loudan Gallop, 2 ; Hezekiah Spencer, 4 ; Jonas Fay, 6 ; Jonathan Bruce, 8 ; William Gallop, lo ; Elisha Hawley, I4; Benijah Child, 16; Stephen Jacobs, 18; Timothy Andrus,2o; Miles Beach, 22 ; Jonathan Pierce, 23 ; Bartholomew Durkee, 27; Wm. Strong, 29; Wm. Ripley, 3I ; First settled minis- ter, I2; English school, 25; Asa Whit- comb, 33 ; Uriah Tracy, 35 ; Lemuel Hop- kins and Oliver Wolcott, Jr., 37; Noah Hatch, 39; Moses Seymour and Alex. Catline, 49 ; Thomas Chamberlin, 4I ; Chauncey Smith, 44; Elihu Kent, 42; John Jacob, 40 ; George Swan, 38 ; Ben- jamin Kent, 36 ; Gurshon Olds, 34 ; Thad- deus Leavitt, 32 ; Thaddeus King, 30 ; Wm. Roberts, 28 ; William Marsley, 26; John Throop, 24 ; Joseph Kimball, 45 ; John Whitcomb, 47 ; Parmela Jacobs, 49 ; Chap- man Whitcomb, 51 ; County Grammar School, 53 ; Asahel Smith, 55 ; Anthony Whitcomb, 57 ; Timothy Child, 59 ; Chaun- cey Goodrich, 61 ; Jedediah Strong, 62 ; Daniel Adams, 63 ; David Fuller, 60 ; Thomas Tolman, 58 ; support of the min- istry, 56; Wm. Lyon, 54; David Wilcox, 52 ; John Trumbull, 50 ; Thomas Branard, 48 ; James Thomson, 64 ; Joel Ballou, 65 Ebenezer Swan, 66 ; College right, 67 Geoige Dunkins, 68 ; Samuel Marcy, 69 Dudley Baldwin, 70 ; seventy division lots lotted, Nov. 4, I789. The lots were drawn by 70 slips num- bered from 1 to 70, put into a hat, with 70 other slips with the names of one of the grantees, or of a public right, to be drawn, on each, put into another hat, and both hats shook to the satisfaction of all present, when a paper was first drawn from the hat with names, and then a paper from the hat with the number of the lots. The town is bounded N. by Waitsfield and Fayston, E. by Roxbury, S. by Granville, Addison Co., andW. by Lincoln, Addison Co. By act of Legislature, I824, four tiers of lots were set off from Lincoln to Warren. There were two divisions of land in town of 70 lots each. The soil of the township is very good, and the most part of it quite free from stone. It is well adapted to raising corn, potatoes and English grain. The face of the land is rather hilly. The ledges are chiefly a sort of mica slate. There is some limestone, but it is not plenty. There have never been but two kilns burn- ed in town — those at a somewhat remote period, the ruins of which are still seen. There are, also, some fine specimens of crystal quartz here. Mad river runs nearly through the centre of the town, and has several tributaries. Stetson brook runs through Stetson Hol- low, and empties into Mad river about 2 miles above Warren village. Lincoln brook heads on Lincoln mountain, and runs through Warren South Hollow, and empties into Mad river about half a mile above the village. Minor brook rises on Roxbury mountain, flows westerly, and empties into Mad river at the village. Ford brook, from Lincoln mountain, flows easterly, and empties into the river at the lower end of the village. Clay brook, heading on Lincoln mountain, runs east- erly through Grand Hollow, and empties into the river some 2 miles below the vil- lage. Shepherd brook, from Roxbury mountain, runs westerly, and empties into the river 2 miles below the village. Thus, the town is well watered, and these streams abound with trout. There are many good mill privileges also on these streams. The town was organized Sept. 20, I798, Ezra Miller, moderator; Samuel Laird, first town clerk ; Ruel Sherman, Joseph Ray- mond, Seth Leavett, selectmen ; Samuel 8o2 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Laird, John Sherman, Joseph Raymond, listers; Ruel Sherman, collector; John Woodard, grand juryman ; and Joseph W. Eldridge was the first representative in ISlo. The first physician was Dr. Fish ; ,the first merchant, Watrous Mather ; first lawyer, A. P. Huntoon ; and the first tavern-keeper, Amos Rising. It is quite impossible at the present day (o form a just conception of the labor and hardships these earlier settlers encounter- ed, leaving the comforts and conveniences of older towns, and moving with their families into a mountain, wilderness town, and into houses that were insufficient to protect them from the winds of winter, and with but scanty fare for large families ; but with untiring zeal they felled the dense forest trees. The grand old maples and hemlocks grouned beneath the woodman's axe, and they soon had sufficient land cleared to raise the grain for their fami- lies, and before this was done, they must have made long foot-journeys, or on horse- back, to distant towns for grain — to Waits- field, over the Roxbury mountain to Rox- bury, and thence to Randolph, some 30 miles distant, and even at times to Wind- sor, some 65 miles distant, and that by bridle-path and marked trees, fording streams. Seth Leavett chopped, cleared and cul- tivated the first acre in town. The first house was built on the farm now owned by Judge LTpham. Cynthia, daughter of Ruel and Olive Sherman, was the first child born in town, Oct. I7, 1797. She married Robert Leach, and was living in Randolph in IS70. Lucius Leavett was the first male child born in town. Mar. 5, I798. The first marriage was that of John Wilcox, of Roxbury, and Abigail Steel, of Warren. The first person buried in town was Chloe Sherman, wife of Ruel Sherman. The graveyard at the river was laid out Apr. 1 , IS26 ; children of Oliver Porter were the first buried in it. David Ralph built the first house on the river at the village, where Morris Sterling now lives, and I think that a part of the old house is now standing. A man by the name of Stetson built the second house, near where George Bragg now lives. Rich- ard Sterling built the first tavern, Isaac Ralph built the first store, and Otis Wilson carried on the first tannery. The first school-house was built in I805, in district No. I, where the school-house now stands. There are 9 school districts, and most of the school-houses are very good. The av- erage term of school is 6 months a year. At the freeman's meeting, Sept. 2, I800, I2 took the freeman's oath. The first vote for governor stood for Isaac Tichenor, I2 votes, and for lieut. governor, Paul Brigham, I3; Samuel Mattocks, treasurer ; councillors: Benj. Swan, 1 vote; Stephen Bradley, lo votes ; Nathaniel Niles, lo ; John Burnham, lo ; Samuel SaiTord, lo ; John Willard, lo: Jonas Galusha, lo ; Stephen Paul, lo ; Peter Olcutt, lo ; John White, lo; Daniel Wright, lo ; Oliver Gallop, lo ; Timothy Stanley, lo. AARON RISING GOING TO MILL. Mr. Rising related to me that when 16 years old, the family having had nothing to eat but pumpkin and potatoes with milk for 2 weeks, they made some salts, and sent him to Randolph for grain. His brother gave him 25 cts. to buy his din- ner. He went to Waitsfield, and crossed the mountain to Roxbury. The road through the woods was a bridle-path, and the roots of the trees so thick the horse had to step pretty long sometimes. He stopped at Roxbury for dinner, but find- ing they had nothing to eat but potatoes and milk there, and that he would have to wait for the potatoes to be cooked, he pushed on to Braintree, finding nothing but potatoes and milk there again, and de- ferred dining until he should reach Ran- dolph. Having arrived, he went straight to the mill. The miller weighed his salts, and let him have 3 bushels of grain, and paid him the balance due in money. He would not let him have more grain, saying that he must divide among the people or they would starve. Our "boysent to mill," said he turned out his horse to feed while his grist was being ground. They had plenty to eat there, WARREN. 803 but he was so bashful he did not dare to ask for anything. He was very hungry, but hoped when he got back to Braintree he could get some potatoes and milk, at least. He reached Braintree, and then concluded to go on to Roxbury, as he could stay there over night, and by start- ing early in the morning, reach home in time for the family to bake for breakfast ; but when he arrived at Roxbury, the in- habitants had gone to bed, and not seeing any lights, it made him homesick, and he concluded to go on a little farther to a Mr. Sampson's, who lived up close under the mountain. When he got up to Sampson's, it was so dark there he could not stay there possibly, and he kept on. He was very tired and hungry, but he led the old mare along with the 3 bushels of meal on her back. When he got about half way up the mountain, he heard a wolf howl behind him, and pretty soon, another one answer ahead of him ; soon, another one in the north, then in the south. He stopped to rest the old mare and himself. He was so hungry and tired, he thought that if he had got to live to be an old man, and always fare as hard as now, that he did not much care if the wolves did take him ; that they would tear him to pieces in about two minutes, he considered, and it would be over with ; but he started along pretty soon. He could hear the wolves in the bushes close by. They did not howl now, for they could see him, and were only watching when to spring upon him. He scrambled up on to the old mare's back. He thought that he would let them take her first. It soon began to grow a little light. He kept urging the old mare along, and when he got out of the woods, it was so light the wolves left him. He got home about sunrise. He dragged the meal into the house, and went up stairs to bed, so tired and exhausted that he could hardly get up there. When breakfast was ready, he was called up, but when they gave him a piece of bread only about half as large as his hand, andasmall quantity of milk, he said the tears rolled down his cheeks, and it was harder than all he had endured ; but they told him that it was more than the. "galls" had, and that they must be very saving, for they did not know when they should get any more. Mr. Rising lived to become quite wealthy, but was blind for the last few years of his life. He narrated these facts to us in his 85th year. He was blind at this time, but his memory was very good. WARREN BOYS AND THE BEARS. Some over 40 years since, Christopher Moore, 17 years of age, and De Estings Billings, about the same age, set a bear- trap some 3 miles from the village, on the farm now owned by Milo Bucklin ; and on going to the spot the next day, found a two-year old bear in the trap. Thinking it would be nice to take the bear down to the village alive, they each cut a good switch, and gave the bear, who was first disposed to fight, such a thorough whip- ping he curled down. They did not re- lease him from the trap and so run the risk of losing him, but one took up the bear in his arms and the other the trap, and both together they carried the bear and trap about half a mile to the road, where they had a cart in waiting ; but they had to lav the bear down several times and re- peat the whipping before they got to the cart, and they got their faces and arms scratched some ; but they took him to the village alive. Warren can boast of strong men. One, Oliver Slack, used to gather his sap here by hand with a hoop, with two five-pail iron kettles, one in each hand. REV. NATHANIEL STEARNS, a Methodist, was the first minister settled in town. Rev. Mr. Wheelock, Congrega- tionalist, was expecting to be settled first, but the Methodists, thinking that the privi- lege equally belonged to them to settle the first pastor, and thereby to obtain for their minister the right of land by charter to the first clergyman settled, went in the night for Elder Stearns, and installed him first. He was secured a salary of $100 a year, paid in grain. WARREN RIVER MEETING HOUSE SOCIETY, was organized Jan. 19, 1838, and a com- mittee chosen to build the house, 40x50 8o4 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE ft., of fair proportion, finished plain but well ; Daniel Ralph built the house. Rev. E. Scott, M. E., from Montpelier, preach- ed the dedication sermon, and the M. E. Conference sent ministers here for several years. The house is a union building, and the different denominations have had stated times to preach ; the Episcopal Methodist, the ist Sabbath in every month and every other 2d Sabbath ; the Univer- salist the 3d Sabbath in every month ; the Protestant Methodist, the 4th Sabbath in the first 9 months in the year ; the other denominations to occupy the remainder of the time. The other denominations in this vicinity are Baptist, Congregational- ist, Adventist, Seventh day Adventist, and Spiritualists. Much of the time no regular preaching has been sustained in the union meeting house. Rev. J. Waldron came here in 1S71, to preach for a year, and staid 2 years. He was from St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., and was liked very much. Rev. Mr. Burgin, the next pastor, came from Lincoln, and staid 2 years. The church at East Warren was built in 1834. It is also a union building, but the people are mostly Methodists in that vicin- ity ; and there is a M. E. Church, a branch of the church at Waitsfield, here. Rev. J. Boyce, from Waitsfield, preached here half of the time, for there has never been a settled minister there. I have tried to find the church records, but cannot. REV. JOSHUA TUCKER, was born in Salem, Mass., June 14, i Artemus Cushman, I835, 36, 42 ; William Cardell, I837, 38 ; Wil- liam B. Taylor, I839 ; Franklin A.Wright, I840, 4I, 54, 55 ; Thomas Sargent, I843 ; Lewis Cardell, I844 ; Moses Ordway, 1845,46; Denslow Uphani, I847 ; Wil- liam Rankin, I848, 49 ; Gideon Good- speed, I850, 5I ; P. P. Raymond, I852 ; Rev. Jarius Eaton, I856, 59, 60 ; Pierce Spaulding, I857. 58; Daniel Ralph, 1861, 62 ; Rev. John Dolph, 1863, 64 ; Edwin Cardell, IS65, 66 ; Otis Bucklin, I867, 68 ; James Cardell, I869, 70, 7I ; G. W. Car- dell, I872-75 ; D. D. Hemenway, I876; Milo Bucklin, I877, 80, 81 ; Sylvester Banister, I878, 79. CONSTABLES. James Richardson, I799, I'^Hi I2, I3 ; Elias Miller, I800, 1 ; George Lattimer, IS02, 3, 4; Calvin Gilbert, I805, 6, 7; Amos Rising, I808, I4, I5, 16, 18, I9, 20, 2I, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27; William Kent, I809, lo ; Giles Eldridge, I8I7 ; Oramel Williams, I828, 29, 30 ; Thomas Sargent, I83I, 36, 52, 53 ; Lewis Bagley, I832 ; P. D. Bagley, I833, 34, 35 ; Gideon Good- speed, I838, 39, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 5I ; Pierce Spaulding, 1854, 55, 56 ; Wm. H. H. Hall, I857, 58, 59; John Thayer, I860, 61 ; Edwin Cardell, I862- 80. VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Physicians : — Dr. Fish, Asahel Kend- rick, D. C. Joyslin, Dr. Peabody, N. G. Brigham, J. M. Van Deusen, and E. W. Slayton. Attorneys: — A. C. Huntoon, John H. Senter. POST MASTERS. East Warren. — Joseph W. Eldridge, George Lathrop, Wm. Tillotson, Lorenzo Nichols, Nahum Nichols. At the River. — Parker Putman, D. S. Parker, D. D. Hyzer, H. Fifield, J. G. Sargent, G. W. Cardell, Edwin Cardell. JUDGES OF THE COUNTY COURT. Joseph A. Curtis, first ; F. A. Wright, 1850 ; Denslow Upham, I852-54. MEMBERS OF CONSTITUTIONAL CONVEN- TIONS. J. W. Eldridge, I8I4 ; Amos Rising, I822 ; J. A. Hyzer, I828 ; Artemas Cush- man, I836; Gideon Goodspeed, I84S ; Denslow Upham, 1850. STATE SENATORS. Artemus Cushman, I840 ; F. A. Wright, 1846, 47, 56; Joseph A. Curtis, Denslow Upham, 1852, 64. Census: — 1800, 58; 1810, 229; 1820, 320; 1830, 766; 1840, 943; 1850, 962, i860, 1041 ; 1870, 1008; 1880, 951. Grand List: — 1870, $2,699.44; 1880, $2,494.64. MILITARY. Revolutionary Soldiers : — Moses Sargent, Richard Shaw, William Porter, and John Greenslit. John Greenslit died in the war. Soldiers of 1812: — Thomas Jerrolds, Jesse Stewart, Justin Jacobs, Oliver Per- sons, Samuel Hard, and Gardner Camp- bell were in the war of 1812. Jerrolds and Stewart died in the war ; George Dimick was in the Mexican war. WAR OK THE REBELLION. SECOND REGIMENT. Names. Reg. Co. Ase. Enlisted. Worcester, Almon C. Jr., 2 F 24 May 7 61 Burbaiik, Morgan A. do 24 do Ainsworth, Geo. A. do 19 do Cass, Elisha do 21 do Mills, Hiram F. do 23 do Worcester, Earl C. do do Quimby, Wm. H. E. do 22 do Hewitt, Grin O. 2 H 24 Aug 20 61 third regime Billings, Wm. W. 3 H 21 July 9 61 Eldridge, James E. 3 F 19 June I 61 Porter, Rufus W. 3 G 23 July 12 61 Parker, Ransom 3 F 21 Sept 16 61 62. Frawley, James Quinn, Timothy Hall, Wm. H. H. Sterling, Stephen D. Kelsey, Oscar G. Shepherd, Daniel P. Bucklin, Merrill R. Shattuck, Nathaniel Parker, George Banister, Sylvester Goodspeed, Elisha Mathers, George McAllister, John Mills, Charles Moore, William F. Moore, Winslow S. Newton, Chester F. Persons, Frederick D. Persons, Harrison W. Porter, Seth L. 5 D do Serg't.; promoted 2d lieut. Aug. 4 Corporal ; discharged Dec. 22, 62. Trans, to invalid corps, Nov. 20, 63. Discharged Nov. 12, 61. Died June 16, 62. Mustered out June 29, 64. Transferred to invalid corps July 1,63, Died Jan. 9, 62. Mustered out July 24, 64. Pro. 2d It. Co. H, iithreg. Aug. 10,62 Discharged Feb. 22, 63. Died Mar. 7, 62. FIFTH regiment. 18 Feb 28 65 Mustered out June 29, 65. 35 Feb 27 65 do do sixth regiment. 6 G Captain. 6 H 37 Aug 14 61 Serg't.; reduced to ranks June 2, 63. 6 G 21 Sept 12 61 Sergeant ; died June 9, 62. 6 H 27 Corporal ; reduced to teamster; re-en 6 G 19 do do died Aug. 17, 62. do 20 Aug 15 61 do died Apr. 19, 62. 6 H 20 do do reduced to ranks. 6 A 28 Oct 14 61 Re-enlisted Dec. 15, 63. 6 G 34 Sept 12 61 Discharged Oct. 20, 66. 6 H 20 Aug 14 61 do Apr. 17, 62. do 22 do do Feb. ID, 62. 6 G 21 Sept 14 61 do July 22, 62, do 23 do do Jan. 8, 62. 6 H Yc do Pro. Corp.; re-en. Dec. 15, 63. do 25 do Re-enlisted Dec. 15, 63. 6 G 18 Oct I 61 do M ar. 29, 64. do 40 do Discharged J lay 28, 62. do 19 Sept 10 61 do June 19, 62. WARREN. 805 Nhiik-s. Hcg. Co Age, Eiilisled. Keniaiks. Rising, William H. 6 H 42 Aug 14 61 Pro. Corp.; re-enlisted Dec. 15, 63- Spaulding, Cliarles E. 6 G 33 Sept 18 61 Discharged Nov. 27, 62. Stoddard, Lyman do i8 Sept 20 61 Re-enlisted Dec. 15, 63. Trask, Frank A. do 27 Sept 12 61 Promoted cor]3oral. Dumas, Oliver do 26 do Re-enlisted Dec. 15, 63. Poland, Benjamin do 42 Sept 7 64 Mustered out June 19, 65. Dimick, Darwin E. 6 H 29 Mar 3 65 do June 26, 65. Pierce, George H. do 20 do do do Persons, Orson F. do 19 Feb 21 65 do do SEVENTH REGIMENT. Davis, Benjamin L. 7 K 44 Jan 13 62 Discharged Oct. 15, 62. Parmenter, Rufus A. do 19 Dec 8 61 Re-en. Feb. 15, 64; died Apr. i 6,64. Buzzell, James M. do 19 Feb 27 65 Mustered out Aug. 4, 65. EIGHTH REGIMENT. Leavitt, Nehemiah 8 C 21 Nov 21 61 Pro. serg't. ; discharged Sept. 4, 63. Spear, Augustus C. 8 G 26 Dec 31 61 Discharged June 6, 62. Bucklin, Mason C. 8 A 19 Dec II 63 Bucklin, Milo do 20 Dec 14 63 Sick in general hospital, Aug. 3 I, 64. Cass, James do 18 Dec II 63 Dumas, Morris do 27 Dec 18 63 Kingsbury, Ezra 8 Waldron, Don G. 8 Aldrich, Charles W. 8 B 19 Mar 20 65 Mustered out June 28, 65. NINTH REGIMENT. Minor, Asahel 9 I 40 June 24 62 Serg't.; reduced to ranks Nov. II, 63. Brown, Henry 9 D 22 June 562 Sick in general hospital, Aug. 3 I, 64. Lovejoy, Albert J. 9 I 18 June 27 62 Discharged Aug. 4, 63. TENTH REGIMENT. Brown, George 10 B 18 Julv 21 62 Mather, James M. do 21 July 18 62 Wd.; in general hospital Aug. 2 ;i, 64. Mathews, George do 20 ■ do ELEVENTH REGIMENT. Miller, James E. n L 30 June ID 63 Sergeant ; prisoner since June 2 ■3> 63. Eldridge, Joseph W. II H 21 Aug 14 63 do pro. Corp. Jan. 21, 64 serg't. May 6, 64 ; died June . ; pro. 24, 64. VOLUNTEERS FOR NINE MONTHS. Thayer, Aretus 13 B 22 Sergeant ; mustered out July 21, ,63. Dolph, John 13 B 32 Aug 25 62 Corporal ; do Austin, Samuel 13 H 32 do Mustered out July 21, 63. Billings, Orlando 13 B 25 Sept 862 do Bowen, John do 42 do do Davis, Myron M. do 20 do Discharged Feb. 4, 63. Dimick, Walter C. do 44 do Mustered out July 21, 63. Hartwell, James K. do 36 do do Heath, Eaton A. do 18 do Mix, De Estings S. do 19 Dec 12 63 do Smith, Thomas C. do 29 Aug 25 62 do Stearns, Oscar A. do 20 do do Stevens, Almus do 30 do do Trask, George J. do 18 do Trask, Horace do 45 do Discharged at Brattleboro, Jan. 31.63. Trask, William H. do 18 do Mustered out July 21, 63. Wilson, James H. do 20 do Killed at Gettysburgh, July 3, 6; 3- Mason, Oilman Bowen, John Barton, Joseph C. Bagley, Walter A. Dutton, Edwin P, Eaton, Orville M. SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT. 17 G 22 Mustered out July 14, 65. SHARP-SHOOTERS — FIRST REGIMENT. I F 43 Dec 10 63 2 H do do do 32 44 19 Dec II 63 Nov 24 63 Dec 7 63 Dec II 63 Died June 15, 64, of wounds rec'd. in action May 12, 64. Died Aug. 26,64, of wds. rec. May 31,61. Des. June 8, 64 ; returned Dec. 31, 64 ; tr. to Co. H, 4th Vt. vols. Feb. 25,65. Tr. to Co. H, 4th Vt. vols. Feb. 25, 65. do 8io VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. SECOND VT. BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY. i8 Aug 8 64 Mustered out July 31, 65. 18 Aug 12 64 Tr. to 1st Co. heavy artillery Mar. i, 65. Petty, George A. Stoddard, Franklin THIRD VT. BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY. Campbell, Hiland G. 25 Sept 264 Mustered out June 15, 65. Furnished Under Draft; Paid Commutation. — Francis A. Allen, Milo Bncklin, Benjamin S. Edgerton, Burnhani Ford, George N. Hanks, John M. Hanks, Samuel McAllister, Henry Moore, 2d, Daniel W. Nichols, Charles Porter, Hiram J. Pratt, Thomas J. Sargeant, Stedman C. Tucker, Henry H. Van Deusen. Procured Substitutes. — Charles W. Bragg, Daniel McAllister, Jr. Soldiers of the War of the Rebellion Buried in Town. — J. W. Eldredge, Merrill Bucklin, Orrin O. Hewett, James E. Miller, Earl C. Worcester, Benj. S. Edgerton, Chester F. Newton, Aretus Thayer, James Wilson, Willard Thayer. Organized Militia, 4TH Reg. 2D Brigade. — H. W. Lyford, captain ; Edwin Cardell, 1st lieutenant ; Orland Billings, 2d lieutenant. Edward Eldridge, son of Joseph W., is quite a prominent man in Warren ; is in very good circumstances ; owns several farms, and has held most of the town of- fices. He had a son killed in the late war by the name of Joseph Eldridge ; also a son- in-law, Benjamin Edgerton. OLD PEOPLE now living in town over 70 years of age : Mrs. Ryan, who claims to be 100; Mrs. Laurena Persons, 94 ; Achsah Allen, 93 ; Mrs. Sarah Vinson, 84; Mrs. Lucretia Bradley, 82 ; Amasa Pearsons, 86 ; Asahel Young, 87; Mrs. A. Young, 79; Mrs. Dolly Hubbell, 79 ; Alva Stetson, 71 ; Mrs. Polly Austin, 75 ; Mrs. Mary Rice, 75 ; Michael Ford, 82; Mrs. M. Ford, 78; Edward Munn, 83 ; Roxy Munn, 76; Mrs. Rufus Brown, 70; Wm. Page, 83; Dens- low Upham, 81; Mrs. D. Upham, 79; Carlos Sargent, 76; Wm. Mather, 71; Mrs. Abel Martin, 73 ; Hazen Lyford, 71 ; Phelps Jones, 74 ; David Hubbell, T] ; Azariah Hanks, 80; Mrs. A. Hanks, 76; Lewis Cardell, 78 ; Mrs. Louis Van Deusen, 80; Mrs. James Parker, 76; L. W. Free- man, 70 ; Mrs. Freeman, ']■}, ; Hosea New- comb, ^(>\ Mrs. Laura A. Miller, 76; Mrs. Susan C. Senter, -Ji ; Sewell C. Billings, 76; Mrs. S. C. Billings, 76; A. Worcester, 75 ; Mrs. Julia Harmon, 83 ; A. H. Dutton, 75 ; Gideon Goodspeed, 73. Potato Hill, as it generally stands on the maps, is the high peak between Warren and Lincoln, the highest point being in Lincoln, but not far from the Warren line. It is a little south of Lincoln mountain, at about the same height from the sea level. MX. ALGONQUIN. BY D. C. GEER. Around this mountain hangs a legend, Hangs a legend old and wild. Of the bright-eyed Watonieta, An Algonquin's only child. How an Iroquois warrior Wooed and won " the dusky dove;" How his father, the great sachem, Did not of their love approve; How he spurned his father's counsel. And increased his savage ire — Left the Iroquois' wigwam. Sat beside Algonquin's fire; How one day his father found him Hunting on you mountain's-side, And in wrath the chief commanded Him to leave his gentle bride ; How the son opposed in anger; How the father drew his knife. And as speeds the feathery arrow. Sped the young Iroquois' life. On this mountain watched the maiden. For her brave, now cold and dead. Keeping there her lonely vigil. With the same rock for her bed. Still she waited — yet he came not— Until winter's icy hand Chilled the current of her young life, Bore her to the hunting laud, Where they roam the fields Elysian, Where they climb the mountains fair, Where they fish in shining rivers. Where they hunt the elk and hare. This is what tradition teaches Of this mountain, old and wild; Of the bright-eyed Watometa, An Algonquin's lovely child. As a tribute to this maiden. Sleeping in oblivion's night; Shall we not point westward, saying. That's Algonquin's dizzy height? The last Bear seen in Warren was a huge one, shot the past summer, — almost as much a trophy, not quite, as the Bar- nard catamount. WARREN. 8ii In Jan. 1824, Mrs. Hiram Bradley and a Mrs. Howe were coming from Pomfret, where they had been on a visit, and as they came into Granville wood, found the water had flooded the road. They drove into the water and upset. Mrs. Howe told Mrs. Bradley to throw her little son of 2 years out, that he could swim like a duck ; but Mrs. B. declined, and Mrs. Howe went back to Mr. Rice's after help. Mrs. Bradley got her horse out where it could stand, and held her child in her arms from 2 o'clock in the afternoon until 9 p. M., when a man came along with a team and took her in. Her clothes were frozen on her, and she came very near dying from the effect. Mrs. C. E. Greenslit tells one of her fath- er's stones — written for one of her boys to speak at school : MY mother's tray. BT MKS. CARRIE E. GREENSLIT. Long years ago, when the land was new, And good things scarce and nice tilings few, Among the treasures of tliat early day. My mother had an old-fashioned tray. Red outside, but as clean within As the heart of man when cleansed from sin. Week by week, and day by day. The children were fed from that very tray ; The great brown loaves were mixed in that. And tlie butter received its sail and spat; But grief will come to all some day. And it came at last to my motlier's tray, " Boys," she called, " come in here, now. And take this mess to the sheep and cow." 'Twas steep and slippery down to the barn. And I left her twisting her stocking-yarn. "Now," thinks I. " I will have some fun. For I shall ride and you shall run." So I seated myself in the famous tray. And very soon we were on our way: Faster and faster the stumps went by; Steer or stop it? no, not I; Over tlie wall in my Gilpin flight— And I split the tray from left to right. Quick as a wink, I raised the tray. For well I knew what my mother'd say; All out of breath, with my ride and run — " Mother, just see wliat the buck has done!" " Confound that buck I " my mother said ; " I wish to the land the thing was dead! " Well, she never knew till I grew a man. For boys can keep secret, I know they can; And she missed and mourned for many a day The loss and use of her cherished tray ; And I got me a sled to slide down hill. Something that would not split and spill. WARREN PAPERS. BY C. J. SARGENT. In the year 1800, 12 men took the free- man's oath here : Simeon Wilcox, Ruel Dolbear, John Sherman, Joshua Richard- son, James Richardson, Amos Rising, Jonathan Shattuck, Wm. Kent and Jonas Rice. FIRST SELECTMEN. Simeon Wilcox, 1800; Paul Sherman, 1801, '02, '03; James Richardson, 1804, '06; Timothy Dolbear, 1807, '08, 'lo; Joseph Raymond, 1809; Joseph Eldridge, 181 1, '12, '13, '16, '17, '23, '28, '29 ; Amos Rising, 1814, '15; Calvin Gilbert, 1818, '19; Wm. Kent, 1820; Benjamin Buck, 1821; Joseph Hyzer, 1822, '27; Winan Gleason, 1824; Zerah Munsil, 1825, '26; Joseph Curtis, 1830; Asahel Miner, 1831 ; Wm. Bragg, 1832, '33; Franklin Wright, 1834, '35, '36; Moses Ordway, 1837 ; Ben- jamin Souther, 1838 ; Wm. B. Tyler, 1839 ; A. Cushman, 1840, 41 ; D. Upham, 1842, '43; Pierce Spaulding, 1844; H. Kimball, 1845; Lewis Cardell, 1846; Moses Shurt- liff, 1847; Azariah Hanks, 1848, '49, '57, '58; H. Gleason, 1850, '52, '53; Daniel Ralph, 1854, '55; Gideon Goodspeed, 1856; Jarius Eaton, 1857; Wm. Kelsey, 1859; Charles Green, i860; Charles Pike, 1861, '62, '66-'7o ; Huzzial Gleason, 1863, '64; H. W. Lyford, 1865; H. G. Van Deusen, 1870; N. L. Dickenson, 1871-76, '78 ; James G. Sargent, 1876, '77; L. E. Hanks, 1879, '^°' '^i- TOWN TREASURERS. Thomas Jerrolds, 1800; Samuel Laird, 1801 ; James Richardson, 1802, '3, '4, '15, '16, '17; Jonathan Shattuck, 1805-13; Wm. B. Tyler, 1813, '14, '4i-'46; Joseph Eldridge, 1818, ^9, '35-40; William Bragg, 1820-24; William Kent, i824-'3o; Franklin Wright, 1830-35; Ashel Kend- rick, 1846; Denslow Upham, 1847-51; Nathan Kimball, 1851, '53, '54; Lorenzo Nichols, 1852; Cephas Ransom, 1855; Daniel Ralph, 1856, '57, '63-74; Sylves- ter Banister, 1874-81. The TURNPIKE from Warren to Lincoln, over Lincoln mountain, was for 10 to 15 years kept with toll-gates ; 12^0. for pass- ing with a team, 25c. for round trip. 8l2 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ACCIDENTAL DEATHS. Dennison Sargent, from Woodstock, in the employ of William Cardell, went into the mill where emplo_ved, one morning, and down below to cut the ice from the water- wheel. Some one raised the gate while he was there, and he was carried under the wheel, down the raceway, and under the ice below the mill. Mr. Cardell won- dered where Sargent was during the day, and some one looked below the mill, and discovered the body in the ice. Lewis Sargent, of East Warren, while shingling a building in Roxbury, fell from the roof to the ground, and injured his spine. He lingered several months, and then died. Oliver Porter, living in the west part of the town, fell from the high beams in his barn on to a flax hatchel, and it injured him so he died in a few days. Ira Whitcomb, while in the employ of Christopher Moore, was kicked in the bowels by a colt he was leading to water, and died in a few days. Aurin Ralph, while at work on the roof of his mill, in the south part of the town, fell to the rocks below the mill, and was instantly killed. Dana Davis, while at work in Fayston chopping in the woods, felled a tree, and it lodged on another one, and while chop- ping that, he was caught when it fell, and one leg was smashed. Eftbrts were made in vain to staunch the blood, but he bled to death in about 20 hours. Horace Poland, while at work in the woods, broke one leg, and was injured other ways. He lived several weeks and then died. Stephen Sterling was sawing- clapboards in Lincoln, and went out into the mill- yard to roll down some logs ; they lodged, and he went in front to start them, but be- fore he could step out, was caught and crushed by the logs rolling on to him. He was a native of Warren, and was buried here. Victor Mix went to Canaan to lumber, and while rafting logs on the pond, slipped between them and was drowned. Mr. Pelton, living near the town line between Waitsfield and Warren, felt so bad when the high water cut through his meadow, that he committed suicide. Otis Bucklin died very suddenly of heart disease. He ate his supper as usual, and went out in the dooryard, and was giving his hired man some orders about the work, and dropped dead. The Natural Bridge of Warren is a very interesting natural curiosity. It is in the south part of the village, on the premises of Don C. Geer. It is a natural bridge of stone, about 20 feet in height, with an arch 12 feet in height, and artists have taken views of it that have been sold through the country. Patents. — Don C. Geer obtained, a patent on a knob latch in Sept. 3, 1878. It is called "Geer's Patent Reversible Gravitating Knob Latch." It is a great improvement on spring latches. Clark E. Billings, born in Warren, is a natural mechanic, and does various kinds of work on wood and iron ; is a first-class gun- smith, and has obtained patents on a num- ber of carpenters' tools, and on several tools combined in one ; also a patent on an apple-quarterer, and on a double-acting knob latch. Sons of Warren — Cyrus Royce grad- uated at the Unitarian College in Mead- ville, Penn., and is a Unitarian preacher in Massachusetts. Hartwell Davis went to Minnesota, and succeeded well as a railroad man and business manager, and amassed quite a fortune. John Senter is a self-made man. He has obtained his education almost wholly by himself; studied law and been admitted to the bar, and makes a success of his business. He is on the Board of Educa- tion, and holds other olifices. Clarence J. Sargent, son of Jonas G. Sargent, who came from Randolph to Warren in 1844, is also noted as a success- ful music-teacher, having given ovpr 10,000 lessons on the piano, organ and in har- mony during the last 8 years ; at present, 1882, has a class of 108 scholars, in his little territory embracing several counties. WATERBURY. 813 WATERBURY. BY KEV. C. C. PARKER. The Early History of Waterbury. A Discourse delivered Feb. loth, 1867, by Rev. C. C. Parker, Pastor of Congrega- tional Church. Water bitry: Waterbury Job Printing Establishment , 1867. Ps. 77tli,— 5th.— I liave considered tlie days of old. the years of Ancient time. There are few sentiments more universal and rational, than that which manifests it- self in a desire to know the past and es- pecially the history of the persons and places with which we are or have been in- timately connected. To gratify this senti- ment, your attention is asked to the follow- ing Sketch of the Early History of Water- bury. There is no evidence that the Indian ever made his home within the borders of our town. The first settlers found no indica- tions of clearings or dwellings, and the relics of the Indians found here have been few. But though the Red Man probably never dwelt here, (i) our valley lay in his great thoroughfare from the valley of the Cham- plain to the valley of the Connecticut, and indeed from the valley of the St. Lawrence to the shores of the Atlantic. As power- ful tribes, hostile to each other, dwelt on either side, doubtle.ss many a war party went forth to fight, passing through our valley, and returned, exulting with victory, or sullen with defeat. Doubtless these hills have echoed the warwhoop of many such a party, and the song of their war- dance. It is certain that the 300 French and Indians under De Rouville, who de- stroyed Deerfield, Mass., in March, 1704, passed through this valley, both when they went on their bloody errand, and when they returned with their 1 12 captives. It may add somewhat to our interest, as we read the sad, thrilhng story of the suffer- ings and adventures of the Rev. Mr. Wil- liams and his captive associates, to remem- ber that they made their forlorn and gloomy journey to their long captivity, over the spot where we now cultivate our beautiful fields and dwell in our quiet The notcb hi tliis paper are niarliod by figures, viz. (1.) (2,) (3,) Ac. See Appendix. homes. Through this valley also passed and repassed the Indians who burnt Royal- ton, and took its inhabitants captive in 1780. The hill in the north part of the town, over which ran the old road to Stowe, was originally called Indian Hill, some say because the Indians who burnt Royalton camped there for a short time. (2) The falls in the Winooski were called Indian Falls by the early settlers ; tradition here, as in so many other like localities, saying that a disappointed Indian maiden, in her despair, threw herself from the highest point of the rocks to the chasm below. Though the Indian never dwelt here, the whole region unquestionably, was familiar to him, not only as lying in his great war-path, but as favorite ground for hunting and fishing. The town was chartered by Benning Wentworth, Gov. of New Hampsh'e, June 7, 1763. The war between the English and French was just ended, and the Canadas had become a part of the British posses- sions. Vermont ceased to be border-war territory, and the obstacle to its settlement was removed. Numerous towns in this part of the State were chartered about the same time with Waterbury, — Burlington, Colchester, Essex, Williston, Bolton, Dux- bury, Moretown and Charlotte, were cliar- tered the same day, — Jericho, Underhill, Middlesex and Berlin the day following. But as nearly the whole of Vermont was then an unbroken wilderness, few settle- ments were made, so far north as these towns, before the Revolution. The few that were made were then broken up, and were not recommenced until the war closed. — This accounts for the wide space between the charter and first settlement of nearly all the towns in this part of the State. Waterbury was chartered to several in- dividuals in Connecticut and New Jersey. It quite probably took its name from Wa- terbury, Conn., as many of the proprietors lived in that vicinity, and as these two are the only towns of that name to be found, so far as I know. The first meeting of the proprietors was held in New Milford, Conn., in 1770 — some of the subsequent meetings were held at Newark, N. J. 8i4 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. After the Revolution the meetings were held in Sunderland, Arlington, and Ben- nington of this State. The warrant for the meeting in Bennington was issued by Isaac Tichenor, then justice of the peace — subsequently, so long governor of the State. The town was not surveyed until about 1782. At that time Col. Partridge Thatch- er, of New Milford, Ct., one of the pro- prietors, and the moderator of their first meeting, and also of the meeting in Ar- lington, came on with surveyors and ran out the town. They built their camp a few rods to the rear of Messrs. Case & Thomas' steam-mill, between the railroad and brook. This, without doubt, was the first tenement for a human being built in Waterbury. From Col. Thatcher the stream that enters the river near where his camp stood, was called Thatcher Branch. As we always desire to know the end of those in any important sense identified with the place where we live, I will add that it is said that Col. Thatcher contract- ed a disease from his exposures in the forests of our town, from which he died soon after returning to Connecticut. The first settler of Waterbury was James Marsh, a native of Canaan, Ct. He had been a soldier in the French war. In the early part of the Revolutionary war he sold his place in Canaan and moved to Corn- wall, Ct. Soon after this he was drafted as a soldier in the Revolution. Having a large family of small children, and his wife being very feeble, he hired a young man as a substitute, paying him $100. To pay this sum, and with the hope of escaping service as a minute man, to which he had been enrolled, he sold his place in Corn- wall and bought a right of land in Bath, N. H., and one in Waterbury. The right in Waterbury was purchased of a Mr. Steele, of New Milford, and deeded in 1780. Soon after this he moved to Bath and commenced a. settlement, in the mean- time having buried his wife and married again. After living there some 2 years, he found the title to his land in Bath was bad, and he resolved to begin a settle- ment in Waterbury, having the assurance that several others would begin settle- ments about the same time. In the spring of 1783 he came on, selected his right, which covered much of the site of the present village (3) — cleared a small piece of land between the graveyard and the river, and having planted it with corn, re- turned. In the fall he came and harvested his crop, putting it into a rude crib for next year's use. The next spring he came with his family to the old fort in Corinth, where he left his wife and five of his eight children, and came on to Waterbury with the remaining three, viz. : Elias, James and Irene, making the journey on snow- shoes, and drawing his provisions and effects on a hand-sled. He took possession of the surveyors' cabin. • To his dismay he found the corn, so carefully stored the fall before, was nearly all gone. Bears, Indians or travelers, had taken well nigh the whole. We can hardly conceive a condition more sad and dismal. Relying upon his supply of corn, he had taken little provision with him, and there was none in the shape of grain short of a return to Corinth. Hunting and fishing were his only resource. The last of May, having made an additional clearing, and nearly finished planting his corn, he left his children and returned to Corinth for the remainder of his family, expecting to be absent one week, and leaving provision barely for that time. The children, as I have remarked, were Elias, a lad of about 15 years, and who subsequently owned the place where Miss Electa Corse now resides, and whose re- mains lie unmarked in our graveyard ; Irene, a girl about 12 years old, who mar- ried a Mr. Coleman, of Underbill, and who died there in 1826, and James, a small boy, who lived for many years in the south part of Jericho, and who died there, Feb., 1865, nearly 90 years old. After their father had left, the children found they must put themselves on short allowance to bring the week through. The week ended, and so did their provisions, but the father did not return. Their only reliable means of subsistence then was the wild onions or leeks which grew in abundance on the in- WATERBURY. 8iS tervale. To relieve themselves, they re- solved to go down to the Falls to catch fish, having been told they were abundant there. In attempting to cross Waterbury river on a button-wood pole, the only means of crossing then, the sister fell into the stream, and came near being drowned. After rescuing her, they returned to their desolate cabin, and to the sorry food of wild onions. Thus they passed another week, but no father came. Thinking they must certainly perish if they remained longer, they left for their nearest neigh- bor, Mr. Jesse McFairlane, who had set- tled that spring on the Jones farm in Richmond. On their way down, a huge bear met them near the present residence of Capt. H. Sherman, l5ut their hunting dog, which had been left with them, soon worried him up the side of the mountain, and they passed on in safety to Mr. Mc- Fairlane's, where they were most kindly received and cared for. They were so nearly starved, that it was some time be- fore it was safe for them to eat a full meal. After about three- weeks' unavoidable absence, the father, with the mother and the rest of the family, returned. Driven almost to desperation by his delays, and filled with the deepest anxiety, he thinks his worst fears are realized as he enters his cabin and finds it desolate, and the cold, gray ashes on the rude hearth tell him it has been desolate for several days. Surely his children have perished in the woods or have been devoured by the wild beasts. A young man who had accompanied them from Corinth was immediately sent to Mr. McFairlaine's to see if the children were there. They were found, and before night the family were all together again. The son James, who so long survived the rest of the family, and from whom these par- ticulars were learned, said the meeting of the family was one never to be forgotten. The father had been up the stream to look at his traps, at the beaver-dams, of which he said there were then three between the river and the site of the present mills. Returning, he met his son, bounding with boyish glee through the woods to meet him. Clasping him in his arms, with tears streaming from his eyes, he exclaim- ed, "Bless the Lord! my children are alive — my children are alive!" and such was his excess of joy at seeing them alive, that it was many hours before he could cease weeping. During this first summer, this family lived many weeks on wild onions, cooked in the milk of their one cow, the father often gone for many days, in the fruitless endeavor to procure provision. The only occasional relief they had until their corn was harvested, was in the killing of a moose or bear, which in summer could rarely be done. That summer Mr. Marsh built his log-house on his clearing, a little to the west of the graveyard hill, and moved into it. His crop of corn raised near the river was fine, but after he had secured some 20 bushels of it, a flood came and destroyed the remainder. So that for nearly 2 years they lived much of the time on the flesh of the moose, deer and bear. Much of the little grain they had, which was procured in the settlements in Rich- mond, Williston and Jericho, and brought home on the back, was paid for with the skins of these animals and those of the beaver. In the spring of 1785, Mr. Marsh was made glad by the coming of the second settler, Ezra Butler. But as Mr. Butler left in the fall and did not return until the next spring, for nearly 2 years Mr. Marsh with his family was alone in this wilder- ness. After the arrival of Mr. Butler with his family, a year and a half more elapsed before another settler came. March 29, 1788, Mr. Marsh went to Richmond to meet and conduct to Waterbury its third settler, Caleb Munson. In the afternoon he crossed the river to Mr. Brownson's, to run some pewter spoons. Before he had finished his work it began to be dark, and as the weather was mild and the river be- ginning to break up, he was urged to re- main for the night. But he expressed a strong desire to spend the evening with the family who were to be his new neigh- bors, and taking a long pole, he started to return. A cry of distress was soon heard at the river, but before help could arrive. 8i6 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. he had disappeared under the ice. His pole was lying across the hole into which he had fallen, but somehow his grasp upon it was lost, and the current being strong, he was carried down the river, and his body was not found until several days after. He was buried at Richmond — only two of the family, the oldest son and daughter, could attend the funeral/ Their neighbor, Mr. Butler, accompanied them, and it is said, he and the son alternated in carrying the daughter much of the way on their backs, the snow being too deep for her to walk. The whole story of Mr. Marsh is a sadly interesting one. On account of pecuniary misfortunes elsewhere, he came into the wilderness of our town with a large fam- ily, and almost destitute of any means ot support, except such as his hands could supply from day to day from the forests and the streams. Here they lived for two years, with no family nearer than lo miles down the river and about 7 miles up the river (Thomas Mead's, in Middlesex.) Hardly can privations and hardships sur- pass what they endured, especially during the dreary winters of these two years. Often they were so near starving, that when the children saw their father return- ing from his long hunt, with a quarter ot moose or deer on his shoulder, with knife in hand they would rush to meet him, and each slashing a-slice for himself, and cast- ing it on the coals for a moment, would eat it as in the desperation of starvation. He came to his mournful end just as set- tlers were beginning to come into town, and his own privations were giving place to the comforts of home. He seems to have been a hardy, resolute man. Bravely bearing up against a host of difficulties, and yet at times well nigh crushed beneath their burden, tears often starting from his eyes as he looked upon his family and thought of their desperate, forlorn condi- tion. Though he was removed, his family was cared for, his children becoming re- spectable, and some of them influential members of society in this and neighbor- ing towns. After contemplating so long this gloomy picture, it is pleasant to turn to a brighter page. The second settler of Waterbury, as has been already remarked, was EZRA BUTLER, afterwards so well known as a minister of the Gospel, a judge on the bench, and as the governor of the State. Mr. Butler was the son of Asaph Butler, and was born in Lancaster, Worcester Co. Mass., Sept. 24, 1763. He was the fifth of seven children, four sons and three daughters. In his 7th year, his father moved to West Windsor, Vt., where his mother, whose maiden name was Jane McAllister, soon died, and where he spent the next 7 or 8 years, mainly in the family of his elder brother, Joel Butler. When about 14 years of age, he went to live with Dr. Stearns, of Claremont, N. H., as a laborer on his farm, and with the excep- tion of 6 months in his 17th year, when he was a soldier in the army of the Revolu- tion, he continued in the service of Dr. S., having almost the entire management of his farm, until he was of age. In 1785, having spent a few months previous in Weathersfield, he came to Waterbury in company with his brother Asaph, next older than himself. They came to Judge Paine's, in Williamstown, with an ox- team. The rest of the way they came on snow-shoes, drawing their effects on a hand-sled, the snow being 3 or 4 feet deep, and reached W. the 20th of March. It must have been a joyful day to the Marsh family when these two young men, with their hand-sled, hauled up before their door. Their loneliness, in part at least, was ended. Mr. Butler and his brother immediately made their pitch, near where Mr. C. C. Corse now resides, and made a small clearing, planted it to corn, and re- turned to Weathersfield, where in June of that year, Mr. Butler was married to Miss Tryphena Diggins. He soon returned, and finding the title to the land on which he had pitched, bad, he selected another right a little below the village, made a clearing, built a log-house very near the present residence of Deacon Parker, and in September of 1786, moved into it with WATERBURY. 817 his wife and child, and on that place (now mainly owned by the State for the Reform School), he spent the remainder of his eventful life. He and his wife made then journey from Weathersfield on horseback, much of the way by a bridle-path, and in this way brought some of their eflfects deemed most necessary in the matter of housekeeping. The brother who first came with him settled in. Richmond, and twenty or thirty years after moved to the West. Mr. Marsh had subsisted his family, to a great extent, by hunting and fishing, and into this pioneer life, Mr. Butler was soon initiated. Their meat was that of the moose, the deer and the bear, and in their pursuit they were often led far from home, into the wilderness of neighboring towns and far up the mountain sides, not unfre"- quently camping out, the cold winter nights, to renew the chase in the morning. If faint with weariness and hunger, they were ready to despair, and to return with empty hands, the thought of a starving wife and children put new vigor into their limbs, new resolves into their hearts, and nerved them with the energy of despera- tion. Food they must have or perish in its pursuit. It was a battle for life for themselves and their families, and bravely they fought it. It was a life full of thrilling incidents and adventures, with which, had the story of them been treasured, a vol- ume might be filled. By these hardships the constitution of Mr. Butler was seri- ously impaired before he was 30 years old. As Mr. Marsh was drowned before the next settler arrived, Mr. Butler was prop- erly regarded as the pioneer man of the town. Though a young man, he took a prominent part in all private enterprises and public movements. He built the first framed house in the town — so long occu- pied by his son, Russell Butler, now owned by Deacon Erastus Parker. To him was issued the warrant to call a meeting of the freemen of Waterbury, in 1790, to organ- ize the town, and at that meeting he was chosen town clerk. From this time the official life of Mr. Butler was a remarkable one. From this humble beginning he 103 went through almost every grade to the chief magistracy of the State. From 1794 to 1805, with the exception of 1798, he represented the town in the General Assembly. In 1807, he was chos- en both as a representative and as a mem- ber of the Council ; and by the record of votes, s 'ems to have acted part of the time in one bjdy and a part in the other. (4) In 1808, he was again elected to the Council, and with the exception of 1813 and 1814, when he was in Congress, he was annually re-elected to this body until 1826. In 1803, he was elected assistant judge of Chittenden County Court, Water- bury at that time belonging to that county, and was re-elected to that office the two following years. In 1806, he was elected chief judge of that court, and continued to hold that office until 181 1. In 181 1, Jeff- erson, now Washington County, was or- ganized, and Judge Butler was elected chief judge of that County court and except the 2 years when in Congress (1813 and '14) and 1818, he held that office until 1825, when the judicial system of the State was changed to substantially its present form, when .Judge Butler was chosen first assistant judge of the court. In 1806, he was chosen a member of the Council of Censors, and in 1822, a member of the Constitutional Convention. In 1804, and again in 1820, a presidential elector. In 1 812, he was elected a member of Con- gress on the Republican general ticket along with James Fisk, Wm. Strong, Wm. C. Bradley, Richard Skinner and Charles Rich. In 1 814, the candidates of the Fed- eral party were elected, entirely changing the delegation of Vermont. In 1826, he was elected Governor of the State, and re- elected the following year, and each time without an organized opposition. Imme- diately after his second election, he de- clined another election, and at the close of that term, retired from official life, having been in office without interruption, from the organization of the town in 1790, often holding two or more important offices at the same time. In addition to these civil and political offices, he was a committee with Elijah 8i8 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Paine and James Wliitelaw, to fix the site for the first State House in Montpelier, — a commissioner in 1807, with Samuel Shaw, John Cameron, Josiah Wright and Elihu Luce to determine the place and plan for the State Pris^on, and subsequently a commissioner to locate the State Arsenal. He was a trustee of the University of Vermont, from 181Q to 1816. Indeed, there was hardly an office of honor or trust in the gift of the people or Legislature that he did not fill. In this respect, the career of Gov. Butler from an unlettered pioneer — (his schooling was limited to 6 months in his boyhood,) — from a hunter and trap- per up through almost every grade of office to the chief magistracy of the State, is a remarkable one and has few parallels in history. These honors and trusts he won by his sterling sense and honesty, and by his great energy and strength of will. Everybody felt that whatever trusts were reposed in him were safe — that whatever was given him to do, would be done, and so they always found it. Mr. Butler had a religious as well as pol- itical history, and the former was as marked and positive as the latter. When he came to Waterbury, he was an irreligious and profane young man, and not a little disposed to quarrel with certain great doc- trines ; and so he continued for some 3 or 4 years. The story of his conviction and conversion is an exceedingly interesting one. At a time of the profoundest indif- ference in regard to religious things, when he did not know of a religious man in town, and before there liad been a gospel sermon preached in it, his attention was called to the subject of personal religion in the following singular manner. I give it substantially in the words of one who re- ceived it from his lips: — "Being obliged to work hard during the week, and there being no public worship in town which he could attend, if he desired, he was in the habit of spending much of the Sabbath in sleep. On a certain Sabbath, awaking from his sleep, he found his wife reading a pamphlet, and proposed to read it aloud for the benefit of both. The beginning and end of the pamphlet were gone, and he never knew whence it came, what was its title, or who its author. But he found it treated of a subject which in former times had given him great perplexity, viz. : — how a man could be blameable for a disposition which he did not create. He would admit the justice of God in punishing overt acts, but not wrong propensities. The author he was reading made it appear that we are justly condemned for wrong dispositions, as well as wrong actions. After reading awhile, he exclaimed to his wife, ' If this is true, we are undone.'' In a moment all the convictions he had formerly had re- turned upon him and he was cast into the deepest anxiety. After days of profound- est darkness and sharpest distress, border- ing on despair, he was brought into the clear light and liberty of the Gospel. His feet having been set in the way of life, he walked circumspectly in that way to the end." His was the first conversion in Waterbury. A few days after his conver- sion. Rev. Mr. Call, a Baptist clergyman from Woodstock, came along and preached the first sermon preached in Waterbury. About a year after this he was baptized by the Rev. Mr. Call, and united with the Baptist church in Bolton. At the organ- ization of the Baptist church in Waterbury, in 1800, or 1801, Mr. Butler was ordained as its pastor, and amid the multitude of his civil offices, he continued to discharge the duties of this office until within a few years of his death, and that without salary or remuneration. In all the conflicts of party politics and all the labors and perplexities of official life, it is said the meekness, dig- nity and propriety of the gospel ministry never forsook him. He walked uprightly and with a serious Christian deportment amid them all. Well may his children venerate his name and the community hold it in lasting remembrance. His form was slightly stooping, his com- plexion dark and sallow, and his whole ap- pearance quite unprepossessing ; but his penetrating black eye and the calm tones of his voice quickly told of intellect and will of no common order. He died July 12, 1838, in the 75th year of his age. The third settler was Caleb Munson WATERBURY. 819 He moved from Torrington, Ct., in the spring of 1788, and settled up the river, near where Mrs. Amy Woodward resides. He subsequently moved across the river. About the same time Mr. Richard Holden settled on the place where Dr. Fales re- sides ; Amos Waters on the interval now owned by Sylvester Henry, and Reuben Wells on the street near the present resi- dence of Mr. Bebee. In 1788, Mr. Stiles Sherman and Jonathan Wright came into town. Mr. Sherman, from Hoosic, N. Y., made his pitch and built a log cabin on the place where he so long lived — the place recently owned by Mr. L. Bebee, now owned by Messrs. Thompson — and the next year moved on with his family. In 1790, March 2d, Jason Cady moved into town from Shelburn, Mass., and settled near the arch bridge. He and Mr. Sher- man soon opened their log-houses for the entertainment of travelers (5). About this time or earlier. Dr. Daniel Bliss, the first physician, settled near Waterbury river bridge. The same year, Jona. Wright, (6) from Williamstown, Mass., built a house near the residence of Albert Dillingham, being the first that settled away from the river, unless a Mr. Smith had settled earlier on the hill near the residence of Geo. Stearns. In 1791, there were 93 in- habitants in town. In 1793, when Eben- ezer Corse, father of E. W. Corse, moved into Duxbury, there were 15 families in Waterbury. In addition to those above named, Mr. John Craig had settled near where Mr. Remington lives — the farm owned by Geo. W. Randall and occupied by Wm. Humphrey. Col. Kennan, who became one of the prominent men of the town, had made an opening and built a house where Mr. E. Moody now resides — a Mr. Isaac Wilson was living near the site of the Waterbury hotel. Elias Marsh was married and lived, as has been re- marked, near the residence of Miss E. Corse. Philip Bartlett, who had married the widow of Mr. Marsh, was living on the Hawley place, now, October, 1867, owned by Mr. H. Carter. The road, which originally ran across the interval near the river, had been opened sub- stantially on the present line of Ma'n street. Dr. Daniel Bliss, the first physician of the town, and represented as an excellent man, was the first representative. From about 1793, the town was settled very rapidly, so that in 1800 it had 644 inhabitants, having gained 551 in the pre- vious 9 years. Among those who came into the town during this period, were Dea. Asaph Allen and Mr. David Austin, both coming in 1796. Dea. Allen was a native of Bernardstown, Mass. He set- tled on the stream a little east of the Centre, where Mr. Demeritt now lives, where he spent the remainder of his long life, being one of the first to settle in that part of the town. Mr. Austin came from Connecticut, and settled on the place now owned by Mrs. Job Dillingham. Previous to this time, though the town had been settled more than lo years, and the in- habitants had now become quite numerous, there had been no regular meetings on the Sabbath ; indeed, no meetings at all, ex- cept as a missionary or minister passing through might preach an occasional ser- mon. These two men, having had their discipline in the straight and orderly ways of Connecticut and Western Massachu- setts, could not consent to live and bring up their families in this semi-heathen way. They immediately set themselves to work, in connection with a few others of like mind, and soon established regular meet- ings on the Sabbath, and from that time, so far as I can learn, there has been no interruption of public worship on the Sab- bath to the present day. In the year 1800, in connection with the labors of Rev. Jedediah Bushnell, then a Missionary trom Connecticut, subsequently for many years pastor of the Congrega- tional church in Cornwall, Vt., and of others, occurred the first general revival in town. As the result of this and at nearly the same time, the Congregationalists, Bap- tists and Methodists organized churches. The Congregational church was organized by Mr. Bushnell, July loth, 1801. Not far from that time, probably a little earlier, Gov. Butler was ordained as a gospel min- 820 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ister and chosen pastor of the Baptist church. As the early records of that church and also of the Methodist church are not to be found, little can now be learned of their early history.* At the organization of the Congregational church, the following persons constituted its mem- bers : Asaph Allen, David Austin, Hugh Blair, Edward Bates, Moses Bates, David Town, Amos Slate, Samuel Slate, Thomas Kennan, Zebulon Allen, Mary Austin, Jane Blair, Ruth Rich, Lydia Town, Esther Slate and Bathsheba Slate, — lo males and 6 females. Thomas Kennan and David Town were received on profession and were baptized. The organization was completed by choosing Asaph Allan mod- erator, and Thomas Kennan clerk. In November following, Mr. Allen, who had been a deacon in his native town, was elected the first deacon of the church, and in December David Austin was elected as the second deacon. December 22, 1802, the church voted to call Rev. Jonathan Hovey to settle over them in the gospel ministry. On account of certain difficulties raised by the town with reference to the minister's right of land, Mr. Hovey was not ordained until September 1, 1803. Mr. Lyman of Brook- field preached the sermon, the services being held in a building erected for a county grammar school, and which stood a little back of the Congregational church. Mr. Hovey labored with the church, before and after his ordination, about 5 years. He was dismissed for want of adequate support, Dec. 31, 1807. Mr. Hovey was born in Mansfield, Ct., 1756. His first profession was the law, which he practiced a while in his native town and then in Randolph, Vt. He was nearly 40 years old when he entered the ministry. His first settlement was at Waterbury. After leaving Waterbury he was settled in Pier- mont, N. H., where he remained until 1817; his last labors' were in Wolcott, N. Y., where he died in 1827, aged 71 years. He possessed a clear, strong mind, — was more remarkable for sternness and rigor, than for benignity and affability, — See AppeiKiix -. had more power to convince than to win, — to gain respect than affection. While in Waterbury, he lived mainly in the Kneeland district in the house where Mr. A. Murray now resides, which house he built. His meetings were alternately in his own neighborhood, in barns and private houses and in the school-house at the Street, or " at the River," as the village was then termed. From the dismission of Mr. Hovey, for the space of 18 years, the Congregational church was destitute of a pastor and of the stated preaching of the gospel. During this time, meetings were regularly held on the Sabbath, Dea. Allen taking the charge and Gen. Peck, a promi- nent citizen of the town, father of the late Hon. L. B. Peck, ordinarily reading the sermons. Thus the fire was kept alive on the altar through all those long dreary years, until a better day dawned. In 1802, the first successful merchant of Waterbury, Mr. Amasa Pride, established himself in the place and opened a store. A Mr. Farnsworth and a Mr. Yeomans, the latter frnm Alstead, N. H., and who died in this place in 1803 or 4, had opened small stores, but had done little business. Mr. Pride was a native of Newington, Ct., but was then from Brookfield, Vt. He was a young man almost destitute of means ; but by his good sense, energy, enterprise and integrity, he became for wealth, character, public spirit and influ- ence, a leading man in the community. He outlived for many years nearly all his asso- ciates, and died August, 1872, aged 86 years. In 1805, Dan Carpenter, a young lawyer from Norwich, opened the first law- office in town. Mr. Carpenter immediately became a prominent citizen in the town and a leading lawyer and a prominent man in all the region. He was identified with the history of the village and town for nearly 50 years. There was hardly an honor which his fellow citizens could bestow or a trust they could repose, which he did not receive at their hands. For 14 or 15 years he represented the town in the legis- lature, and for many years was a judge of the County court. Judge Carpenter died December, 1852, aged "]"] years. WATERBURY. 821 About the same time that Judge Carpen- ter came, Mr. Roswell and Mr. Cephas Wells took up their residence in town, and were numbered among its valuable citizens. About the same time Mr. Paul Dillingham, father of Gov. Dillingham, settled near the Center. (8) But time would fail in men- tioning names worthy of record. At this time the town was settled, more or less, through nearly its whole extent. Mr. Bickford was the first settler on Indian Hill, followed soon after by Mr. Isaac Parker, father of Dea. E. Parker. Mr. Silas Loomis was the first on Looniis Hill. He commenced where his son Elam now lives, in 1797, having resided in the south part of the town one season previous. (9) The first school house was built at a very early day, and stood near where the railroad crosses Stowe Street, — and in this house nearly all the meetings of the Village were held. — About 1801, a building for a County grammar school, to which allusion has been made, was put up and covered, — the expense being defrayed by private subscription ; — but the town de- clining to do anything, as a town, to aid in its completion, the building was sold, moved across the street and turned into a hotel, which was subsequently burned. Regarded from our present point of view, the action of the town in refusing to aid this enterprise, whatever may have been its immediate cause, was most unfortunate. The influence for good upon all the best interests of the town, which such a school as was contemplated would have had, can hardly be overestimated. From nothing has the town suffered more, for the last 40 years, than from the want of such a school. It is now its gi'eat imperative want. Sure- ly, in its short sighted action, the town knew not what it did — what a power for good it was putting from it. The first school taught in town was a private school, taught by the daughters of Mr. Reuben Wells. They were very small in stature, and though young ladies, were sometimes mistaken, by strangers, for children, of which amusing incidents are told. Their father was the first tanner in town. Seth Chandler, brother-in-law of Dr. Bliss, was the first blacksmith ; he lived near the present residence of C. Haskins, and was killed by the fall of a tree, while clearing land near his house. A Mr. Warren, grand-father of Rev. Dan- iel Warren, is said to have done the first carpenter work in town. A grist and saw- mill were put up about 1792, by Mr. John Carpenter, from New Milford, Ct.. Mr. Munson, Mr. Cady, and Mr. Knapp doing the work. Mr. Mason was the first miller. These mills were on or very near the site of the saw-mill in Mill Village. Polly Butler, eldest daughter of Gov. Butler, born Oct. 23, 1788, was doubtless the first person born in town. The first male child was- probably Tilman Wright, who died in 1842. The first marriage was that of Mr. Philip Bartlett and Mrs. Marsh. Dr. Seth Cole, who so long practiced in Richm.ond, was the second physician in town.* Rich- ard Holden, Caleb Munson and E. Butler were the first selectmen — Caleb Munson first treasurer — Elias Marsh first constable — Phineas Waters first highway surveyor and fence viewer. It is a remarkable fact in the history of the town that it had no meeting-house until 1824. Considering the importance and population of the town, and the fact that 3 churches, with such fair promise, were organized so early, probably a par- allel to it cannot be found in the State. Ordinarily in the history of New England towns, one of the earliest facts recorded is that of building a house for the worship of God. The history of Waterbury in this respect is peculiar. For 40 years after the settlement of the town, and for 23 after the organization of its 3 churches, the Ark of God had no resting-place. The meet- ings were held in school-houses, private houses and barns. Several efforts were made to build a union house, and com- mittees were appointed to locate it. Twice the stake was stuck — once on the brow of the hill near Lucius Marshall's ; once near the east store at the Centre — but for some cause, both projects fell through. On a certain day in the spring of 1823, Judge Carpenter and Mr. Pride met, and See Appendix 2. VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. their conversation turned upon the matter of a meeting-house. They had taken active parts in the previous undertakings, and felt tliat it was a great reproach to the town and a sad detriment that it had no place for public worship ; they resolved that it should be so no longer, though neither of them, then, was a professor of religion. That day they laid the matter before their neighbor, Roswell Wells, and found from him a hearty response, and before the day closed, these three men had combined together, and the matter of building a meeting-house was settled. If need be, they had resolved to do it at their own expense (lo). The house was erected and finished in 1824, and was dedicated to the worship of God near the close of that year, Mr. Chandler, of Waitsfield, preaching the sermon. The building of this house marks an era in the history of the Congregational church and of the town. All honor to the mem- ory of the men who set the work forward, and with resolute hearts and open hands carried it to completion. The house thus built was not long un- occupied. Soon after its dedication, a young man, just graduated from Bangor Theological Seminary, stopped for the night at the hotel, then kept by Mr. Pride. Learning that Rev. Mr. Blodgett, of Jer- icho, with whom he had been acquainted, was to preach on the ensuing Sabbath, he concluded to stop and hear him. Mr. Blodgett did not come, and the young man was asked to supply the pulpit. He consented, and thus the Rev. Daniel Warren preached his first sermon, and began his 13 years' work in Waterbury. All were pleased. He was asked to re- main, and in a few months he had a unan- imous call to settle over them, and was or- dained pastor of the church Dec. 7, 1825. From that period everything has worn a new aspect in town. Mr. Warren was dismissed June 26, 1838 (u). There were two revivals during his ministry, extend- ing through the town — one in i826-'7 ; the other in 1835-6 (12). In 1832 and 1833, the Baptists and Methodists built meeting- houses at the Center. During this period, in 1836, the Methodist church at the vil- lage was organized. Their house of wor- ship was erected in 1841. The Free-Will Baptists built their house on Waterbury river 5 or 6 years later. With the building of the houses of wor- ship we cease to have to do with early set- tlement and settlers of Waterbury, and the work we proposed is done. I have spoken of the sufferings of the first settler and his family. They were peculiar, but all the early settlers endured hardships difficult for us to conceive. The labor of clearing the forests from the hills and meadows, now so smooth and easily tilled, was im- mense. Their houses were rude log-cabins, often with hewn plank floors and windows equally primitive ; their furniture was the rudest and scantiest. Their roads were rough, unwrought paths, the natural ob- stacles very great. They had no mills ; the nearest for several years were in Jer- icho, some 15 miles away, to which often they carried their grists on their backs. Much of the corn used was ground in what were called plumping-mills, a contrivance made by burning and cutting a hole into a solid stump, and pounding it there with a weight attached to a spring pole, arranged after the fashion of a well-sweep. At the close of the day, it is said, the sound of these mills could often be heard through the whole settlement, preparing for the meals of the coming day. Their food al- ways was the plainest and simplest ; often for the want of this with their large fam- ilies they suffered exceedingly. As from year to year, with glad, if not thankful hearts, we come around the festive board, it may interest us and do us good to know how the first Thanksgiving was kept in Waterbury. On that day, 1786, the year that Mr. Butler moved into town, he called on Mr. Marsh, and said to him, " This is Thanksgiving day ; how shall we keep it?" Mr. Marsh, in his wilderness life, had lost the run of such days, and this was news to him. He replied that his family were almost destitute of food, and he was in a sad condition to keep such a day. Mr. Butler proposed that they try WATERBURY. 823 their fortune at moose-hunting. For such an enterprise Mr. Marsh was always ready. After a few hours' hunt, a moose was found cropping the wild grass near Alder brook, the stream that runs from the Center and empties into Waterbury river. He was quickly dispatched, and each with a quarter on his shoulder made haste to his home, and that night, with their house- holds, they ate a most bounteous, joyful Thanksgiving supper. With all our abun- dance and variety in our pleasant, cheer- ful homes, it is doubtful whether this day has ever been kept, with truer joy or more unfeigned thankfulness, than in these log- cabins, on this moose meat, it was first kept by these hardy pioneers of the wil- derness. Amid countless hardships and priva- tions the first settlers laid the foundations of this community. It was not all done as we could have wished — not all with the wisest forecast of the future. But they did, nevertheless, a great and stern work; into that work we have entered. They sowed, often in sadness ; we reap in joy. Their work is done ; ours is yet on our hands. These hills and these valleys, the fertile soil of which they laid open to the sun, with the river that winds among them and the grand settings of the mountains, were beautiful to them. They are beauti- ful, exceedingly beautiful to us. Verily the lines are fallen to us in pleasant places. We have a goodly heritage. As we con- sider the days of old, and talk of the years of ancient times, and of what our fathers did, let it be our purpose, our high re- solve, by fostering every worthy interest and enterprise, and by the exercise of every manly and Christian virtue, to trans- mit the heritage we have received, en- hanced and beautified with every excel- lence, to the generations to come. The task God has given us will be quickly done. Let us do it with fidelity, that God maybe honored, the community benefited, and our names held in afi:ectionate remem- brance. [Mr. Parker's excellent little pamphlet is still extant. We obtained a fresh one (complimentary), from Russell Butler, Esq., but this week. — Ed.] MR. janes' paper. [The following supplementary to and continuation of Mr. Parker's "Early His- tory" was written principally by the late Hon. H. F. Janes, by request, about the year 1872, and consequently cannot apply to the last decade of our town's history which since the death of Mr. Janes must be supplied by others. R. Butler.] In February, 1867, the Rev. C. C. Par- ker, pastor of the Congregational church, delivered an interesting discourse to his society on the early history of Waterbury, in which the hardships and the privations of the pioneers, who penetrated so far into the wilderness, and successfully opened a way for the advance of civilization, was graphically delineated. It did not, how- ever, purport to be a complete history of the town. It is much to be regretted that he could not have completed the work, but on account of his removal from the State and his duties as a minister of the gospel, he could not with propriety undertake the task of finishing the work so ably begun ; thus leaving with others, less competent, the duty of adding a few things deemed necessary for a more full history of the place. The town of Waterbury is pleasantly situated in the valley between the Green Mountain range on the west and a spur of that mountain called the Hog Backs, on the east, and embraces nearly all the set- tleable land between those two elevations. There is not a lot of land but that is or may be profitably cultivated, and the soil on the upland is excellent for grazing and grain. The extensive intervals on the Winooski and other streams are not sur- passed by any in the .State. The rivers and their tributaries aff"ord privileges for numerous mills and manufactories, and an abundance of water for domestic and agri- cultural purposes. It is in lat. 44° 23' and long. 4° 17', bounded N. by Stowe, E. by Middlesex, S. by the Winooski River, which separates it from Duxbury and part of Moretown, and W. by Bolton, and is 12 miles west from Montpelier and 24 S. E. from Burlington. The charter is dated June 7, 1763, and was granted by Gov. Wentworth of New 824 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Hampshire, to Joseph Abbott, John Dick- inson, Hezekiah Thompson, Joseph Os- born, James Scudder, James Corey, Nathl. Sahiion, Daniel Lacey, Jonathan Stiles, Patridge Thatcher, Daniel Bedford, Isaac Ball, Lopher Squire, John Marsh, 3d, Isaac Woodrough, Wm. Connet, Nathl. Wade, James Osborn, Samuel Ballard, Hon. James Neven, Esq., Benj. Williams, Ezekiel Worthen, Barnardus Van Neste, David Meeker, Jr., Heron Ball, John Boyles, John Mills, John Stiles, Esq., W. Pierson, Nathl. Bond, Esq., Meseck Ware, Esq., Ichabod Dean, Joseph Badgeley, Joseph Neomoseck, Esq., David Ball, John Page, Esq., Willard Mills, Jeremiah Pangborn, David Potter, Ebner Frost, Thomas Gardner, Ebenezer Price, Ken- eday Vance, Charles Gillhouse, Thomas Miller, Thomas Willis, Nathaniel Potter, Jonathan Crane, Esq., Elias Bedford, Jesse Clark, Therry Baker, Joseph Meeker, Da- vid Baker, Wm. Pierson, Jr., Jesse Morse, Nathl. Baker, Job Nixon, Joseph Crane. William Wilcox, Jeremiah Mulford, David Baker, James Puflasey, Manning Fores, and Jonathan Dayton. The charter limits v/ere 6 miles square, containing 23,040 acres, but it has since been considerably enlarged by territory an- nexed from Middlesex on the east and Bolton on the west ; was laid out and sur- veyed in three divisions. The 1st division lots contained 100 acres, the 2d, 31, and the 3d, 124 ; leaving undivided, 47 acres to each right. The intention of the propri- etors evidently was to give each share 31 acres of interval on the Winooski river, and for that purpose commenced the sur- vey of the first division, on what then was supposed to be the east Une of Bolton, far enough north to leave on the river side of the base line of that division sufficient land for that object. But afterwards, on run- ning out the 2d division, it was found in- sufficient, and the balance of the small lots was laid in the central part of the town. The 3d division was laid north of the ist, extending nearly to Stowe line. The Governor's right of 500 acres was surveyed in the S. E. corner of the town. Part of the undivided was situated between the 3d division and the south line of Stowe, and the balance adjoined the Governor's right. Subsequently it was ascertained that the surveyor of the ist division made a mis- take in his starting point, and run the width of two lots in Middlesex. The error was corrected, and these lots were subsequently plotted on the true line of Bolton. Win- ooski Falls are on this territory, but as they were then supposed to be in Bolton, they were called Bolton Falls, a name they still retain in many historical publications, though situated some distance within the geographical boundaries of Waterbury. FORMATION OF THE VALLEYS — LAND SURFACE, GEOLOGY. Judge Thompson, in his history of Montpelier, with much plausibility main- tains that at a time not very remote the altitude of Lake Champlain was consider- ably higher than at present. " That there was a branch lake extending from Middle- sex Narrows upwards, covering all the lowlands of that and the surrounding towns, and that there was an intermediate lake, covering the lower grounds of Water- bury, parts of those of Duxbury, Middle- sex and Moretown, and settling up the valley of Mad river into Waitsfield, making this lake at Waterbury somewhat deeper than the one above, as may, indeed, be found indicated by the greater height of the sand-hills east of Waterbury village." Without entering into the speculations of geologists and others on that subject, it may with seeming propriety here be stated some "testimony of the rocks," tending strongly to establish the theory of Mr. Thompson. In many places, high up on ledges, are grooves or indentaiions, evi- dently made by the action of water. They all are on the western dip of the ledges, are regular in cut and very smooth. But a case more striking and almost irresist- ible in proof is that of a pot hole in the solid rock, some hundred feet above the bed of the river, on the sharp ridge of a high ledge, directly in the line of the farms of S.Henry and H. F. Janes. This ex- cavation is round and regular in shape, is 30 inches deep, and nearly the same in diameter, and so like a cooking utensil WATERBURY. 825 that it is often called the "Indians' Pot." The ledge on the western side is nearly perpendicular, and at its base stands an ash tree, 40 to 50 feet high, the top of which does not reach to this excavation. In ages past there must have been at this place a great msh of water and splendid falls. Not many townships in Vermont are so peculiar in formation as Waterbury. The central part and more than half of the en- tire surface is comparatively level ; a little dishing, — on the east and western borders rising gradually, and resembling in profile an amphitheater. The farms on these elevations afford a fair view of nearly the whole town, presenting a landscape beau- tiful and charming, especially in early summer when the fields are fresh and in bloom, and in autumn when ripe and " white unto the harvest." With few exceptions, the geological for- mations are not dissimilar to surrounding towns. Pres. Hitchcock, State geologist, in his report of October, 1859, states that " there are out-crops of copper, but that they have not been fully developed by mining, but thinks it not improbable that mines in the town may become sources of wealth from the amount of copper obtained therefrom." He also states that " there are several small deposits of soapstone, but none sufficiently extensive to induce a great investment of capital to work them." In the same report interesting facts are given in relation to the alluvial terraces upon the Winooski and other streams. Wlien making the railroad through the Hog Backs, some exceedingly handsome specimens of quartz crystals were found imbedded in the rocks near the dividing line between this and the town of Middle- sex. Probably more could be obtained by a small outlay in blasting the ledge. RIVERS AND STREAMS. Winooski River, the largest stream and the southern boundary of the town, has a smooth current from Middlesex narrows to the falls three miles below the village. In Thompson's Gazetteer of Vermont, the following description of the falls and the place is given : " The stream has worn a channel through the rocks, which in times past, undoubtedly formed a cataract of no ordinary height below, and a considerable lake above. The chasm is at present about 100 feet wide and nearly as deep. On one side the rocks are nearly perpen- dicular, some of which have fallen across the bed of the stream in such a manner as to form a bridge, passable, however, only at low-water. On the same side the rocks which appear to have been loosened and moved by the water, have again rested and become fixed in such a position as to form several caverns or caves — some of which have the appearance of rooms fitted for the convenience of man. Several musket balls and flints were found in the extreme part of this cavern, a few years since, which make it evident that it was known to the early hunters." On the upper sec- tion ot these falls, Benjamin Palmer, soon after the commencement of settling of the town, constructed a dam across the river and erected a saw-mill ; but in a few years they were carried away in a freshet and never rebuilt. The main water power has not yet been brought into use. The place is much visited by admirers of grand scenery. Waterbury River, the second in mag- nitude, has its source in Morristown, and takes a southerly direction through Stowe and the westerly part of this town, and enters the Winooski about a mile below the village. On this river is much good interval land, several mill privileges, and a number of valuable farms. Upon the borders of this stream and on the surround- ing hills, lay the principal hunting ground of the pioneers of the town. There they shot the deer and the moose, and there also they trapped the beaver. The former they killed only out of necessity, their flesh for food, their hides for the making of moccasins and thongs to string their snow shoes. The latter were trapped for their skins, — the fur of beaver, at that time, constituting the only article of traffic which brought its equivalent in cash. They slew no innoxious animal wantonly for mere sport. The third stream in size, called Thatch- 104 826 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ERS Branch, rises in Stowe, and runs through the town near its center, and falls into the Winooski at the lower end of the village. This stream, though not large, has on it a number of falls affording good mill privileges, most of which are occu- pied, and a large part of the manufacturing done in town by water-power is on this branch. On it many of the early settlers located, and all the farms by them started in the wilderness are now valuable and in a high state of cultivation. Alder Brook also has its source in Stowe, and runs along the center of the town into the Waterbury River, near the Free Will Baptist meeting-house. On it, Stephen Jones, one of the early settlers, built a saw-mill more than 50 years ago. The falls are rather picturesque. Leander Hutchins formerly had a starch factory here. The ownersli^p of the saw-mill was changed from time to time, but continued up to the present. The road to Stowe crosses the pond just above the mill. The land above the falls is mostly level, good and very handsome ; below more uneven, but productive. On the west side of Wa- terbury River are two streams, on each of which are several mill privileges. Cotton Brook, the upper one, rises on the high land in Bolton, and enters Waterbury River near D. Conant's ; on this brook is one saw-mill. The other comes from Ricker mountain, and falls into the river about a mile above Randall's mill ; on this brook are two saw-mills. hunters' stories. Many a winter evening has been made interesting to the young by the stories of the old in the "winter of their years" of the hunting excursions in these then " wild woods," but now "teeming fields," so vivid and lifelike in description, that the listener could but enter into its spirit and see, or seem to see, how carefully and with the utmost secrecy he set his traps for the beaver, even to the washing away his footprints in the sand. How cautiously he wended his way through the tangled woods, his trusty dog close behind (the hunting in those days being still, and not in the noisy chase), peering in all direc- tions for game. How when nearing the more common haunts of the deer, some accidental noise, perhaps, only the break- ing of a dry twig, starts him from his lair, but too late for escape, as his first move- ment was seen by the quick eye of the hunter — a sharp crack of his gun, and the deer fell lifeless. On one occasion, the hunter became so excited when aiming at a moose, that the report of his rifle was not heeded, and he thought it had missed fire, and in his vexation at the supposed result, was tempt- ed to break the old thing on a tree by which he stood. He was happy, how- ever, on examination, to find that his gun was true as ever, that it did not miss fire, but had done good execution ; the moose had received a mortal wound, and expired after running but a few rods. roads. The town is intersected by a good many roads and cross-roads requiring rather a heavy tax to make and repair, and to build bridges over the various streams. The first road, or rather an apology for one, built through the town, was on the river through the Hog Backs to Middlesex. This, probably, was never traveled with a wheel carriage, but answered for single horses or, perhaps a yoke of oxen, to drag their grain to mill on their primitive drags, rudely constructed out of a crooked crotched tree. That part of this road or pathway lying above the present village was soon discontinued and the travel turned to the other side of the river. As settlers in- creased, and of necessity obliged to go further back into the woods, paths had to be cut out for their accommodation in va- rious directions. Many of these paths, ultimately, were recognized as highways, though not the most judiciously located for the public to travel. The old hill road was the first made through to the northern settlements, and a long time the only one much traveled to Stowe and on to Lamoille River. The land on this road is very good, and every lot was taken up and set- tled upon it at an early day. But in conse- quence of a far more level one east, and leadino- throu":h the center village, the WATERBURY. 827 hill road now is but little traveled except by those living on it. The road up Water- bury River to Stowe on the path of the old hunters, was made as settlers advanced up the stream. The number of bridges and the gullies occasioned by the strong and rapid current of the river, make this road rather an expensive one to keep in repair. Within a few years past, travel on it, both -for business and pleasure, has greatly increased. HIGHWAY, PLANK ROAD AND RAILROAD. The most important and most traveled highway through the town is the stage road from the depot in the village by the center to Hydepark. On this the U. S. mail is transported once a day each way, and the numerous excursionists to Mt. Mansfield and other summer resorts, re- quiring extra stages much of the time. The large amount of merchandise for the towns of Lamoille Co. is mostly freighted over this road. There are branch roads to all parts of the town, and several out of it. One in the east to Stowe, one through the notch to Middlesex, and good farms on each. The roads crossing the Winooski on the two arch bridges, one up to More- town, one down to Richmond, and one south through Duxbury to Waitsfield, are a good deal traveled, the latter especially, and is second in travel and freight only to the mail route to Hydepark — Morristown, 1882. A few years since, a charter was obtained for a plank-road to Stowe. The stockholders made the road, and it was traveled 2 or 3 years, but it proved unre- munerative to the owners, and they surren- dered it to the towns. The railroad enters the town on the border of Middlesex, passes through the village, and a mile be- low, crosses on the long bridge into Dux- bury. It is so located that business and intercourse among neighbors is attended with but little inconvenience ; the deep cut at the crossing of the Stowe road is bridged, but not so high as to make a hard draft over it. The bridge over Thatcher's branch is elevated sufficiently for an under one for common use. Just below the channel of the river was turned for some distance, at great expense, and a half mile down is the long bridge over which the road leaves the town. The citizens of the place subscribed liberally for stock, but it proved almost an entire loss, except to those owning real estate, which was en- hanced in value by the completion of the road. TURNPIKE, AND WHAT BECAME OF IT. In the year 1805, the Legislature granted a charter for a turnpike from Montpelier to Burlington. The stock was taken and the road built. It entered the town of Water- bury at the upper end of the village, and thence through the town to Bolton. The great freshet in the summer of 1830, swept away all the bridges on the road and other- wise very much damaged it ; so much so that the proprietors hesitated about repair- ing it, as it never paid large dividends. Thomas and Hezekiah Reed, brothers, and enterprising young men of Montpelier, offered the nominal sum of $10 the share, which cost originally $175. Their offer was accepted ; they rebuilt the bridges and put the road in good repair. Before the canal was made, opening a water com- munication by the way of the Hudson river to Lake Champlain, goods from Boston and other Atlantic towns were nearly all brought to this place with ox or horse-teams, by way of Montpelier, each team drawing but little over half a ton, and requiring from two to three weeks to make a trip. But afterwards, at a cheaper rate, freight took the water route by way of Burlington, throwing a large additional amount of teaming and travel on to the turnpike, rendering it profitable to the Reeds. The Vermont Central Railroad, by its charter, was obligated to pay the owners of the turnpike for their franchise. They compromised, took the turnpike and applied the tolls to its own benefit, but when the cars commenced running, it was abandoned to the towns. The somewhat increased highway taxes of Waterbury were compensated for, however, by having a free road. EARLY OCCUPIED FARMS. Much the largest part of business done in the town is farming, the land being well adapted to that purpose, the meadows for 828 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. growing corn, oats and grass, the upland for wheat and grazing. Within the past 20 or 30 years, agriculture has greatly im- proved, and many young men who started poor, by industry and good management, have paid for their land, and now have large and valuable farms, are entirely clear from debt, and possess sufficient personal property to support them tlirough life. It has previously been stated that on the rivers and their tributaries are many ex- cellent farms, but little or nothing relating to their location, their present owners, or who began them. A short historical ac- count of a few of the earliest started, can hardly be otherwise than interesting to many, especially to those of an antiquarian cast of mind. On the meadow above the Winooski falls, John Craig, about 1788, commenced clearing, and erected a humble residence. In a few years, he sold his possession and moved to Ohio. It was purchased with considerable surrounding land, by Joseph Palmer, an energetic bus- iness man, and somewhat noted in his day as a skillful bridge builder. After the death of Palmer, it was divided up, and the three valuable farms now owned by Luther Davis, Joel Remington and Geo. W. Randall were made of this tract of land. On the tract of land above Randall, Stiles Sherman located on coming to town, and resided the remainder of his lifetime, where for many years he kept a house of entertainment for travelers, where he reared a large family of children, and where he died at a ripe old age, much re- spected. Part of the farm is now owned by his son, Heman Sherman — 1870, but the larger part of it by Joseph Thompson. At the mouth of Waterbury river, on the east side, is the place where Dr. Daniel Bliss, the first physician, and the first representative of the town, resided, and where Seth Chandler, the first blacksmith, had his shop, and where not a long time after, he was killed by the fall of a tree. The farm is now owned by Mr. McAllister. The next east is where Amos Waters com- menced as early as 1788. It soon passed into the hands of Sylvester Henry, Esq., deceased. Mr. Henry added considerable land, and at his death it was a large and valuable farm. By will he divided it with his four sons, James M., Sylvester, Jr., Samuel and Luther. Most of it at the present time is owned and occupied by Sylvester. Adjoining, and within the boundaries of the village, is the old Gov. Butler place, of between 200 and 300 acres, about 130 acres of which constitute the farm of the State Reform School. Seven acres with the old house, the first framed one in the town, is now owned by Mr. Colby, of the United States Navy. Some 4 acres at the mouth of Thatcher's branch, on which stood the surveyor's camp, built as early as 1782, is owned by Russell Butler, the youngest son of Gov. Butler. The bal- ance, with the exception of a few acres of wood land on the northern part, constitute a part of the farm of H. F. Janes. The tract of land pitched, and a short time occupied by James Marsh, and on which he erected his cabin, has been much divided — part taken for the village cem- etery and building purposes. Much so with the Cephas Wells farm. The low and rich meadow, in about equal parts, is owned at the present time by Elisha Moody and Geo. W. Randall. But a small part of the large farm, so long owned and occupied by the late Amasa Pride, is now in his family. The home- stead, and 30 to 40 acres of land, are yet owned by his widow, and Mr. Caldwell, who married the daughter and only sur- viving child of Mr. Pride. This residence is pleasantly situated directly in front of the depot common. The large hotel, the railroad buildings, the foundry, several stores, the stage office, a number of mechanic shops and dwelling- houses are on a part of the original farm. The tract of land on which Gov. Butler and his brother, Asaph, first commenced work in town is in the upper part of the village. The Butlers, after occupying it a short time, gave it up, and it was taken by Richard Holden, who resided on it several years. Holden sold the farm to the late Judge Dan. Carpenter, and Carpenter to Gen. John Peck. By additions and im- WATERBURY. 829 provement, it was, at the death of Mr. Peck, the largest and most valuable one in town. The administrator of Peck sold the place to D. G. Shipley, recently deceased. The elegant mansion and part of the farm are now owned and occupied by Dr. H. Fales, wIto married the only daughter of Mr. Shipley. The farm of C. C. Shipley is part of the original. The balance, with the exception of what has been taken for building purposes, is a part of the farm of J. Batchelder. On the large meadow above the village, Caleb Munson, the third set- tler, made his pitch. He was soon suc- ceeded by Amasa Marshall. Since the death of Mr. Marshall, it has passed through several hands and been much split up. The railroad passes through this meadow. The farm on Thatcher's branch, at the present time owned by Eugene Moody, was begun by Oliver C. Rood. Soon after the first settlement in the town, he came, young, vigorous, and of great physical endurance, and at the time very useful in clearing up land, in building bridges, in making roads, and in the performance of all kinds of work requiring skill and energy, — at an early day built the grist mill afterward rebuilt by W. W. Wells. Rood lived on the farm many years. It passed from him to his sonTin-law,Albro Atkins, from Atkins to the late Judge E. S. Newcomb, and from him to the present owner. Jonathan Wright, in 1788, on the same stream above the Rood place, built his cabin and cut the first tree on the ex- cellent tract of land he had selected for a farm. Here, himself and his wife resided the remainder of their long lives. Their son, Tilman, said to have been the first male child born in town, succeeded his father in the ownership and occupancy of the farm during his life, and by his ad- ministrator it was sold to the Hon. James Green, deceased. It is yet in the family of Mr. Green, and has been much im- proved. Stephen Guptil's farm was owned and occupied by the late Jared George, probably as far back as 1798. In the barn of Mr. George religious meetings were oc- casionally held during several years. The good farm of Levi Graves was made up of portions taken from others, and first com- menced by the late Samuel Button. It is difficult at this time to ascertain with certainty who was the first beginner on the farm of Harvey Eddy. It is safe to say, however, that it was one of the first started in that part of the town, and has been owned by many different individuals ; a long time by David Adams, and by Wm. Eddy, who conveyed it to his son, Harvey Eddy. On it is considerable fertile mead- ow, and is cjuite pleasant in location. Some miles further up the branch is situated the handsome and productive farm on which, as before stated, Dea. Asaph Allen, in 1796, began his residence in town. It passed into the hands of his son, Eliakim Allen, who, after occupying several years, conveyed it away, and it is now out of the Allen family. In town are many more farms nearly or quite as productive as those named. Most of them are on the upland, and were com- menced at a later date. For the raising of stock and for dairy business, they yield a profit that ought to be satisfactory to the owners. But few of them are now in the hands of beginners or of their descend- ants. The only exception, probably, is that of Silas Loomis, yet owned and occu- pied by his son, Elam Loomis. The Clough place, on what is called Indian Hill, and where Isaac Parker began, is one of the best grazing farms in the vi- cinity. The farm of Raymond Huse, on Alder brook below the falls, is a valuable one. As early as 1794 or '5, Joseph Fisk began a clearing on the south part, and his son, Benjamin, a while after on the west part of it. West, and adjoining, is the place where Joshua Hill, about 1791, began his farm, and on which he lived many years. Hill kept tavern here some years, when the principal travel north was over the hill road. On this road, near the south line of Waterbury, Colonel George Kennan kept a tavern some years. The buildings are gone, and there is nothing remaining to determine its precise loca- tion. Nearly all the farms off from the rivers have large maple orchards, from the sap of which sugar and syrup are made 830 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. sufficient for family use, and much for exportation. LAND TITLES. But little litigation, growing out of original titles, has occurred in this town. It does not appear that any of the grantees or their heirs settled on their lands. But in most cases there is no trouble in tracing titles back to the original proprietors. A few may rest on vendue sales for non- payment of taxes or the statute of Hmit- ation. If sold for taxes, they were gen- erally redeemed ; one event in redeeming, so brave, that it will bear relating here : Col. Sumner, of New Hampshire, owned several lots of land which had been sold for taxes, and the time of redemption was nearly out. David H., his son, a lad then about 14 years of age, was furnished with a purse of hard money, put on the back of his trusty old mare, and sent to redeem his land. The distance was some 75 miles, most of the way through woods almost pathless. The boy arrived at Col. Davis', in Montpelier, just as the sun was setting. After baiting his horse, he remounted, and proceeded down the river for Waterbury. It had become dark, and the road or path- way difficult to travel. At the foot of rock bridge, so called (the place described by Mr. Thompson in his history of Mont- pelier, where Thomas Davis, a boy of 16, so heroically got down the first wagon that entered that town), David's horse sud- denly stopped. _ He could not urge it forward. It was very dark, but carefully looking ahead, he saw a large bear stand- ing erect in the middle of the path. Though courageous, he was frightened. What boy or man would not have been? He con- sidered, however, his safety was in stick- ing to the back of his trusty mare. The bear, after sufficiently examining them, left for the more thick woods, and his mare then willingly ascended the ledge, and they passed on to the fording place in the river, crossed it, and arrived at Mr. Holdenls, the collector, near the middle of the night, and just in time to redeem the land. One hour more would have been too late. This boy lived to a great age, and, as was reasonably expected, became an energetic business man, highly respect- ed, and of much influence. FLOODS. There have been but few floods since the settlement, raising the water much above the ordinary spring and fall freshets. That of July, 1830, was much the largest that has occurred. The rain, for nearly two days preceding, fell in torrents, and the adjacent highlands being mostly clear- ed and turfed with grass, the water flowed into the streams with but little absorption in the soil. The Winooski, with additions from tributaries, accumulated a volume of power .sufficient to take in its course large trees, logs, bridges and floating field crops, so obstructing the passage through the falls, causing the water to set back, and forming quite a lake above, all of ten feet higher than any former flood. Most of the streets at this time were under water, which at no other time has occurred. The damage in the aggregate was considerable, but not heavy individually. D. G. Shipley probably suffered the most, having had, in addition to his crops, a barn full of hay carried away, and his meadow injured by detrition of soil. Occasionally the lowest terraces have been overflowed in the sum- mer season by heavy rain ; but the fer- tilizing deposits were equivalent to the waste of the growing crops. Bridges have been carried away at different times, owing rather to want of thoroughness in con- struction than to the floods. The villages are so elevated that the highest rise of water seldom reach the streets. SCHOOLS. The town in its corporate capacity, has never granted any money for the support of schools. In the second warning for the annual March meeting, 1791, there was an article inserted, " To see if the town would take any measures for the promotion of schools." Committee, John Craig, Reu- ben Wells and Caleb Munson, appointed to divide the town into two districts, for the benefit of schools. At the next meeting held in April of same year, Waterbury River was made the dividing line of the two districts. The only action upon that article at the meeting was to divide the WATERBURY. 831 town into two school districts, leaving it to them to manage the subject as they should deem advisable. Subsequently, from time to time, the districts have been divided and sub-divided so that at the present time there are 18 school-districts in town, and as many school-houses. The town has a small fund, or annual income arising from rents on public lands, interest on the U. S. surplus money, and the State school tax, total between $1000 and $1100, which is divided to the several districts, a small amount for each, and necessarily requiring a heavy additional tax for the building of school houses and paying teachers. The district in the principal village has lately established a graded school, and voted a tax of 50 cents on the dollar of their grand list for its support. It is now in operation in a good house, and under competent teachers. WATERBURY CENTER VILLAGE. The Village at the Center, divided by Alder brook near the middle, is pleasant and beautiful in all its surroundings. On the north side are several handsome dwel- lings, the Methodist chapel, in the hall of which town meetings are holden alternate years, i store, the district school house, i tavern, a blacksmith shop and a few other shops. The Center burying ground is on this side of the stream. On the east side are more private dwellings, all neat and comely in appearance. Also, the Baptist meeting house, of wood in good taste, i store, in which the town clerk's office and the Center post office are kept, and two or three mechanic's establishments. THE GREEN MOUNTAIN SEMINARY, a Freewill Baptist institution, is located at the Center village, on the east side. It was chartered Oct., 1862, to D. L. Frost and other 12 corporators. The trustees were authorized to confer " degrees on male and female pupils as are usually conferred by the best Colleges, Academies and Seminaries ; also, on male pupils a di- ploma of honor." The corporation had no endowment to start npon, and were under the necessity of relying entirely on private subscriptions for the means to erect their seminary building, and to pro- vide a suitable apparatus. By the energy and perseverance of the trustees, and the liberality of the citizens of the vicinity, they succeeded. It is truly said in their first report that their " Seminary building is one of the finest structures in the State, and surrounded by natural scenery unsur- passed in its magnificence and grandeur. Mount Mansfield, Camel's Hump, and all the spurs of the Green Mountains, from Addison, through Chittenden, Washing- ton and Lamoille counties, stand out in bold relief in full view from the Seminary.'' VILLAGES — BUSINESS IN R. R. VILLAGE. In the town are two large villages and three small ones. Much the largest one is on the Winooski river, nearly midway between Middlesex and Bolton. It is more than a mile in length east 'and west, and north on the Stowe road ; half that distance in width, not including Mill vil- lage. Mr. Marsh and Mr. Butler, the first and second settlers, commenced here, and laid the foundation of a community, which, ever since, has had a steady, prosperous and healthy growth. It now (1870), has a population of about 800, and a grand list of $4,000. Has four churches, in each of which are regular services. The largest and first built, in 1824, is the Congrega- tional ; the second, of brick, is the Meth- odist, built in 1841 ; the third, the Second Advent chapel ; the fourth, the Roman Catholic. In this village is Waterbury First National Bank, two hotels, one com- modious and handsome, on the site of the one previously burned, owned and kept by W. H. Skinner: the other, owned and oc- cupied by J. Brown. There is also M. E. Smilie's large brick foundry, built by D. Adams on the site of his wooden one, there recently burned ; Geo. C. Arms' ex- tensive marble works, and three large brick stores — one on the corner of Stowe and Main street, built by Leander Hutch- ins, now owned by his son-in-law, C. N. Arms, and occupied by Wyman and Smith, merchants. The other two are on the opposite side of Main street — one erected by Wm. Carpenter, in which two of his sons are dealing in crockery. 832 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Business Firms. — "Ready-made cloth- ing, medicines, &c.," Geo. W. Kennedy's office and the village library are in this store. A three-story building, erected by the late A. S. Richardson, owned by Clough and Randall. In it is the law office of Palmer and Clough, a tailor's and jewel- er's shops ; a grocery in the basement, and a family living in the upper part. The large wooden block on the corner, opposite C. N. Arms' brick store, built by I. G. Stimson (the larger part), and C. Graves, on the foundation of Stimson's store burned a few months before. The part of the block built by Stimson, owned by L. H. Haines, contains the store of Richardson and Fullerton, of Arms and Haines, traders in flour, grain, nails, tea, etc. ; the*post-office, Moody's book and stationary store, and the Young Men's Christian Association reading-room. The part built by Mr. Graves is owned by him, in which he manufactures tinware, and has a stove and hardware store. On the other side of the street is the cabinet-shop of George W. Atherton, the fine store of M. M. Knight, rebuilt a few years since by J. B. Christy on the same spot where stood his former one, there recently burned ; the furniture shop of A. A. Atherton and Son ; in the same building the groceries of F. Taylor and W. Ashley ; and adjoining, the apothecary store of Frink and Remington. Brown and Atkins, successors of I. C. and S. Brown, wholesale and retail deal- ers in grain, general groceries, etc., are doing an extensive business near the depot [Arms & Haines, successors]. MANUFACTORIES. The village has a supply of such me- chanics as are commonly found in country towns. L. Parmely, on Main Street, oppo- site of the bank, for a number of years has been engaged in the shoe trade ; and Geo. W. Lease in harness-making. Waterbury Manufacturing Co., successors of Case & Thomas, is opposite of the State Reform School. It was incorporated in 1869, with a working capital of $30,000. The busi- ness of the company is mostly making cane-seated chairs, doors, window-sash and blinds. They also do a large amount of planing, wood-turning and scroll-saw- ing. They employ about 30 hands, and occasionally a number of the Reform School [1870] boys in addition. The Company deal to some extent in pine lumber. MILL VILLAGE took its name from its being the location of the first grist and saw-mills built in town. It is situated on the Stowe road, at the lower falls on Thatcher's Branch. There is here, within the distance of a fourth of a mile, a succession of falls, af- fording three good mill privileges, all of which are occupied. At the first is the large brick grist-mill, built a few years since by the late Wm. W. Wells, Esq., and now owned by his heirs. It stands on or near the spot of the one built in 1792. It has always done a large custom business. A few rods up stream, A. H. Selleck & Co. have a woolen factory, where they card wool and manufacture to some extent. They have recently put in machinery for turning small boxes. At this place were the first clothing works in town ; owned and operated by sundry individuals and companies ; at a very early day by Jotham Robbins, subsequently a short tune by Jared Perkins, who became a Methodist preacher, a presiding elder and member of Congress from New Hampshire. Since Perkins, by Thomas and Thompson, by Thompson, Seabury and Blanchard, and others constantly until it came into the hands of the Sellecks. A short distance above the factory, is the saw-mill and mechanics shop owned by N. A. Rhoades. There has been at this place a saw-mill ever since the first set- tlement of the town. Over 40 years ago, P. Brown, a tanner, built at these falls a mill for grinding bark, and put in a few vats for tanning, in connection with his principal yard in the other village. Here, too, Thomas, Thompson and Seabury for- merly had a woolen factory, burned some years past and never rebuilt. At the south end of Mill Village on the west side of the stream, Samuel Dutton many years since started a tannery on a / WATERBURY. 833 small scale, intended principally for his own convenience in his trade as shoe- maker. It passed from him to his sons, Thomas, David, and Harper, and from them to Wm. W. Wells, who greatly en- larged and improved the works ; Wells sold to R. Blush, and in a few years, while owned by Blush, the works were burned. The real estate and few out-buildings not consumed by fire, were purchased by Syl- vester Henry, who, with his son, rebuilt on the old site extensive works, making it one of the largest and best establishments of the kind in the State. The tannery is rented for a term of years by C. C. Warren, who works it mostly by steam, and in the amount of tanning he is exceeded by few, and by none with the same number of hands employed, in the State of Vermont. CoLBYViLLE is in the same school dis- trict as Mill Village, the school-house being midway between the two. This village is sufficiently elevated to give a fine surround- ing view, and is really a pleasant location. On the lower fall, Enoch Bean, near the beginning of the present century, put in operation a carding-machine, and a num- ber of years carded the wool for nearly all the people in this and the surronnding towns. About the same time, O. C. Rood put up here a potato whisky distillery, and run it as long as self interest or a true sense of moral propriety, in his judgment, rendered it advisable. In 1855, E. P. Butler and E. Parker purchased the place, and on the same falls erected a factory and commenced making starch from potatoes. On the upper falls Mr. Butler built a saw- mill, which to the present time has been in operation. Grow Butler, son of the owner, was drowned in the flume of the mill while helping his father in making some repairs, and George Rood, son of O. C. Rood, was instantly killed here by a log rolling on him when unloading a sled. After Butler and Parker discontinued mak- ing starch, the building was used by S. S. Spicer as a tannery, but only for a short time, as it was soon burned and tanning never resumed here. The village at this time has about a dozen dwelling-houses IDS and a few mechanics'' shops. The beauti- ful mansion of George J. Colby, probably is the best arranged and most tasteful in finish of any one, outside of Montpelier, within in the county. But what gave name and prominence to the village was the manufacturing establishment of Colby Brothers and Co. The business of the Colby Brothers, established in 1857, in its various branches embracing the growing and peeling of willows, and the manufacturing them into various useful wares ; the making of the machines for peeling, and also clothes wringers. Children's cabs, etc., in all the branches of their business, was a new enterprise for this part of the country, and is entitled to special notice, for its impor- tant effect on the prosperity of the place for several years. But for a material financial error involved in an expensive lawsuit, and the unequal railroad exactions for freight, this business might have continued to contribute to the prosperity and welfare of the town. Colby Brothers & Co., manufacturers of children's carriages, velocipedes and Colby's patent wringers, afford an example of what may be done by persistent effort and en- terprise, with little capital or encourage- ment. In 1856, the older brothers, George J. and Edwin A. Colby, came from Bolton and purchased a shop and about 30 acres of land, on which 2 or 3 acres of willows had been planted by Dea. E. Parker, the former owner. The shop was furnished with machinery, and for a year or two the Colbys hired this. The senior brother was 23, and the other 21, and the only business with which they were familiar was farming. They peeled their first crop of willows in 1857, and at once began mak- ing custom work and machines invented by George for peeling willows. Next year they employed a first-class willow-worker, Mr. Laudt, who is now a stockholder with them, and began making willow cabs. At first they bought the wheels in Massachu- setts, but soon manufactured them them- selves. 834 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. In i860, through new partners, the cap- tal was increased to $1 1,000, and the firm became Howden, Colby & Co. The same year they began the manufacture of clothes wringers, also an invention of the senior brother. These are said to be the first made with frames of galvanized iron, and were almost the first to find extensive sale. In 1864, with additional partners, the cap- ital was increased to $28,000, and the name of the firm was Colby Bros. & Co. 1865, a joint stock company was formed, and the capital increased to $75,000, The firm have now (1871), a capital of $86,000, with 15 buildings, extending over 40,000 sq. ft. Besides, the Company have pur- chased and built some dozen houses for dwellings. Over $50,000 of the capital is employed in the cab manufacture, and about $30,000 in making wringers. About 50 hands are required on the cabs, which have a market value of nearly $100,000, and vary in price from $3 to $100. They go to all parts of this country and to foreign lands, and are not surpassed in beauty of finish and in durability. FIRE DISTRICT. In 1855, the selectmen, on application of the required number of freeholders, laid out a fire district of a square mile, comprising most of the River Village and a part of Mill Village ; organized Aug. 14. Before this, there had been no systematic organization of a fire department in the place. The citizens had voluntarily asso- ciated, and by subscription purchased a medium sized engine and a limited supply of hose. This engine not being sufficient, directly after the great fire of 1858, the district voted a tax of 100 per cent, on their grand list, and purchased, at the cost of $1500, exclusive of hose, a second and larger one. The district has 2 engines, about 1000 feet of hose, and a fire compa- ny of 50 men, and the old engine. house being too small, was disposed of and a new one built the past year, [1871] 60 by 40 feet, two-story, with a hall in the upper story, 50 by 40 feet, for lectures, concerts and purposes not inconsistant to good morals. The building with the ground on which it stands, cost $3600. FIRES. The first building burned is believed to have been a tan-shop of Cephas Wells, opposite Fireman's Hall. The school- house in the first school district was burned about 18 10, and in 18 16 the dwelling- house of D. C. Deming. In the Spring of 1822, the large hotel of Amasa Pride, on the corner of Stowe and Main Street, where Col. Geo. Kennon, at an early day, commenced keeping tavern, was burned. It was a heavy loss to Mr. Pride, but he immediately rebuilt. Sayles Haw ley and others succeeded as proprie- tors. It was kept as a public house until after the building of the railroad. The tan works of M. and J. H. Lathrop, back ot Luther Davis' house, were burned in 1834, never rebuilt; also in 1838, the woolen factory of Thompson and Seabury, in Mill Village, not rebuilt ; and none of the foregoing were insured. In 1840, or '41, the large store of J. B. Christy, and in 1856, that of J. G. Stimson, were burned, and both immediately rebuilt. Their losses were partly covered by insur- ance. The largest and most destructive fire in town was that of Oct., 1858, at which time was burned the spacious hotel of E. and W. Moody, in one wing of which was the Bank of Waterbury ; the stores of Wm. W. Wells, and that of D. M. Knights; the large grocery establishment of I. C. and S. Brown; the stage barns and the livery stables of Bruce and Ladd ; and some other less valuable buildings, — whole amount $30,000, but partially in- sured. The place has since bee'n rebuilt, enlarged and improved. D. Adams' foundry and the Railroad de- pot were burned a year or two since, and have been rebuilt, enlarged and greatly improved. There has also been some other fires in difl;"erent parts of the town of a later date. Two or three old saw-mills, a few dwelling-houses and shops have been burned, but none of great value. FATAL CASUALTIES have been numerous. In 1788, James \ WATERBURY. 83s Marsh, the first settler, was drowned, as see before. In 1806, Seth Chandler was killed by the fall of a tree ; later a son of Joel Rice by the kick of a horse ; the father of Mr. Rice several years previons had been killed in Claremont, N. H., un- der circumstances most heartrending. He went out to stir up his burning log-piles, where he was clearing land, and was caught between two logs that held him fast in the burning heap. He succeeded in alarming his wife, but she was unable to extricate him, and he perished in the flames before her eyes. Lemuel Atherton was killed in moving a building not far from the time of Joel Rice. In the summer of 1822 Henry Ricker, a young man, was drowned while bathing in the river. In 1837, George Rood was killed by a log rolling on him while unloading a sled in the mill-yard of E. P. Butler. Grow Butler was drowned about 1847, in the flume of this mill. Joseph Otis, a man over 70, was killed at FalPs hill a few years since by the up.setting of his wagon loaded with lumber. Ira and George Sherman, father and son, were both killed, but at different times, by railroad trains. W. S. Frink in 1865, was killed by fall of a tree. Over thirty years ago, the two only children of the late Deacon U. Thomas were killed, one by the kick of a horse, and the other by scalding. Three, all the sons of R. Thorndike, George, the oldest, in the spring of 1868, by fracture of skull while coasting ; William and Henry, the other two, both drowned in the spring of 1 87 1, by upsetting a boat. Other acci- dental deaths have occurred, mostly of children, and so remote as to be indis- tinctly remembered. A child of Col. H. Peck drowned many years since. A little boy of H. Sherman was scalded, and one of A Atkins killed by the kick of a horse. Several men and boys not named, also, have been killed by railroad trains, nearly all the employes of the road. FIRST APPENDIX. Waterbury, Vt., March 4, 1867. Rev. C. C. Parker, Dear Sir: — We, the undersigned. Citizens of Waterbury, interested in preserving everything that will throw light upon the early History of our Forefathers — everything that will tend to perpetuate the Memories of those Heroic Men — having heard your very able dis- course on the Early History of this Town, and wishing to preserve it, for while it res- cues from oblivion the works of others, at the same time it shall stand a memento to remind us of your own long and successful labors among us, do hereby request you to prepare it for publication. H. F. Janes, M. E. Smilie, Paul Dilling- ham, Erastus Parker, C. N. Arms, E. F. Palmer, William Carpenter, Russell But- ler, L. Hutchins, Cecil Graves, Francis Graves, O. W. Drew. Waterbury, March 5, 1867. Gentlemen : — The Discourse on the Early History of Waterbury, which you ask for publication, will be put at your dis- posal. If it shall save from oblivion any important name or event, the main purpose of its preparation will have been answered. It will be an additional gratification, that thus my name will be associated with yours and with the place where so many of the pleasantest years of my life have been spent. With sincerest regards, I am Most truly yours, C. C. Parker. Messrs. Janes, Hutchins, Drew, Carpen- ter, Parker, Dillingham, Arms, Smilie, Palmer, C. Graves, F. Graves, and R. Butler. Note. — The publication of this discourse has been delayed by the author's change of residence and occupation, leaving no time for its revision, till recently ; and by the introduction of new matter, which had to be submitted to his approval by corres- pondence. (i) The once famous Capt. Joe and his spouse Molly, two Indians of the Coossuck tribe, and of whom Thompson, in his " Civil History of Vt." gives an interesting account, once made a visit or stop of some weeks in this town. This was probably in 1787 or 8, and the place very near where T. Wade now lives. Only two, and those very rude habitations of civilization, ex- isted in town at that period. Joe and Molly called several times, at the cabin of Mr. Butler, for cooking utensils and for some kinds of food, for which they ex- 836 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. pressed their gratitude. Joe died in New- bury, Vt., in 1819, after having been some years a pensioner of the State. (2) The fact of tapped maple trees, be- ing found on this hill, is supposed to be the only evidence of Indians having camped here. The trees were not tapped at the season of the year the Royalton raid oc- curred, which was in October. If the trees were tapped by Indians, it was doubtless at some other, and probably earlier period. (3) This statement is probably accord- ing to the family tradition, but is believ^ed to be incorrect, as Mr. Marsh, a son of the pioneer, some 20 years ago asserted a claim to a large part of this village, found- ed on this alleged right of his father. But after examination of the records by the lawyers, the claim was abandoned, though at first it caused quite a sensation among the citizens. (4) The Councilors being elected by general ticket, and the votes for Council- ors being counted by committee of the General Assembly, Mr. B. might have acted in the Assembly till the official an- nouncement of his election to the Council — probably not after. (5) Mr. Sherman was not only one of the worthy pioneers, but was esteemed one of the most enterprising, public-spirited, substantial citizens. Having built a suit- able house, and for that time a large one, he opened it as a tavern, and kept it open to entertain travelers, many years. He died at a ripe old age, on the same farm which he took in the state of natural for- est, and left in a good state of improve- ment. By their kind and unwearied at- tentions to the sick and the needy, Mr. and Mrs. Sherman rendered inestimable services to their widely-dispersed neigh- bors. Long may they be held in grateful remembrance. (6) Mr. J. Wright, a brother-in-law of Mr. Sherman, another of the pioneers coming into Waterbury the same year, was one of those sturdy, resolute men of whom not a few followed in the early years of our town. He also was a man of con- siderable note in his time ; lived to an ad- vanced age, and died where he first settled some half century prior. Mr. Sherman and Mr. Wright were the fourth and fifth in the order of time, to seek their fortune and homes for life, in this particular and delightful vale of the Winooski. (7) Gen. Peck came from Calais, after a short residence there, to Waterbury, but was a native of Massachusetts. His intel- ligence and good common sense, and his social, genial and dignified manner, soon secured him the esteem of all, as a man the people would honor. Many of the offices of the town were conferred on him. He was twice elected its representa- tive. In 1818, he was elected chief judge of the County court. He was high sheriff several years. In 18 18, his name was placed on the general ticket for members of Congress, nominated by the legislative caucus, but, through the powerful but per- sonal opposition of Mr. Van Ness, who supported Ezra Meach, Gen. Peck was de- feated. He held the office of assessor of U. S. taxes, an appointment by the U. S. government. As Brig. Gen. of Vt. Mili- tia, he was with his command at the battle of Plattsburgh, Sept. 11, 1814. He was elected to the State Council in 1826, served through the session of that year, and died December following, aged 55, at Burlington, Mass. Having been to Boston on business, and returning home he was suddenly prostrated by sickness and died before any of his family could see and minister to him. His funeral was at- tended in Waterbury by a large concourse of people, anxious to testify their respect to the remains of him whom they had honored while living. (8) Dea. Paul Dillmgham, a native of Worcester Co., Mass., born Oct., 1759, served 3^ years in the war of the Revolu- tion, afterwards settled and lived in Shutes- bury, Mass., from which town he came to Waterbury, arriving Mar. 5, 1805, and set- tled a little north-east the Center Village. He continued on the same farm to the time of his death, July, 1848, at the age of nearly 80 years. Dea. D. reared a large family of children, of whom 8 were living when he moved into W. Three sons, Gov. Dillingham, (then in his 6th year,) Holtonand Geo. W., are now living. Job, an elder brother, a highly esteemed citizen, and long an exemplary member of the church of which his father was a worthy deacon, and of which his brother George was also deacon at a later period, died Nov., 1866, aged 81 years. (9) Mr. James Bryant commenced on the farm now owned by Lewis Clark, north-east the Centre Chapel, in 1793 ; Ste- phen Jones settling 3 or 4 years later on a lot next north of his. Mr. Geo. Scagel began in 1794, where Noah Robinson re- sides, and lived there to the time of his death at an advanced age. Capt. Jones also lived to an advanced age. Both these last named were many years influential members of the Methodist church and well known citizens. Mr. Bryant died many years previous. \ WATERBURY. ^37 Joshua Hill, one of the first to settle in town, began on that place long known by his name, probably in 1791 ; lived there more than 30 years, but moved to another part of the town some years before his death, at a rare old age. Mr. Basford was probably the fii'st to settle on Waterbury river, in that beautiful vale above the mills. He was succeeded by Mr. Calkins, the father of a large family, the most of his children being sons, several of whom built tenements around the mills which were originally built by one of them, Rev. Chas. Calkins. These mills were built about 45 years ago, or about 30 years subsequent to the first saw and grist-mill on Thatcher's brook, (the name by which this stream was known as early as 1795,) on which Mill Village now stands. About 1802 or 1803, Timothy Claflin, from Croyden, N. H., moved on to the farm north of the Loomis farm, now owned by Geo. Miles. About 1805 or 6, Abel De- Wolf, from Conway, Mass., moved on to the farm now owned by Daniel Stevens. In 1807 or 8, Capt. John DeWolf moved on to farm now owned by Alfred Demerit, built a log-house and a very nice framed barn, which is now standing. Daniel H. Nelson made a beginning on the north lot in Waterbury, in 1798. Simeon Woolson commenced on the farm now owned by C. S. Wrisley, next south of the Loomis farm, about 1798. Stanton Frink com- menced on the farm where his daughter, Mrs. Smith, now lives, about 1798. David Atkins commenced on the farm now owned in part byWm. Kneeland,in 1796. Israel Thatcher commenced on the Godfrey place, so called, about the year 1808, and removed to western New York about 18 12. There had been a small improvement on the Broderick farm previous to 1808, when Robert Broderiek moved there and lived there till Aug., 1866, when he died. Sol- omon Newcomb moved on to the farm now owned by Joseph Wheeler, Feb., 1809, and lived there till his death in 1845 i there were no buildings of any kind on the farm nor any land cleared. Otis Whitney commenced on the Colby place, so called, in 1807 or 8. Robert Parcher commenced on the farm now owned by C. C. Robinson, the first in that region. (10) The following, mainly copied from attested records, will give the reader a satisfactory understanding of the public proceedings leading to the building of the first meeting-house in Waterbury. A form of agreement for a building as- sociation was drafted by H. F. Janes, Esci-, and was signed by 38 substantial citizens — among them were men of various creeds. As the re.sult of this association was important, marking an era in the history of the town, a copy of this agree- ment and the signatures is given as follows : " We, the subscribers, inhabitants of Waterbury and vicinity, do hereby volun- tarily associate and agree to form a society by the name of Waterbury Meeting House Society, in Waterbury, for the purpose ot building a Meeting House in said town of W., according to the first section of an Act entitled an Act for the support of the Gospel, passed Oct. 26, 1798. And it is hereby e.xpressly understood that no tax or assessment is to be imposed on the list of the polls and ratable estate of the per- sons hereby associating, nor any member of said Society be compelled to pay any more towards the building of said Meeting House than he voluntarily consents to. In Witness whereof we have hereunto severally set our names. Dated Waterbury, this 4th day of April, A. D., 1823. Stiles Sherman, Enoch Bean, Amos Deming, Roswell Wells, Heman Sherman, Sylvester Henry, James Smalley, Henry F. Janes, Samuel Dutton, Amasa Pride, Samuel Parcher, Horace Atkins, William Eddy, Mason Carpenter, Samuel Bryant, Purchis Brown, Nathan T. Barron, Le- ander Hutchins, David Dutton, Ezra P. Butler, Oliver Strickland, Chas. R. Cleaves, George Atkins, Asa Austin, O. W. Drew, Henry Atkins, Cephas Wells, Jotham Robbins, Avery Sherman, Jesse Calkins, Jason Cady, Jr., Dan Carpenter, O. C. Rood, Warren Murray, James Richardson, Jared George, Sales Hawley, Seth Munson. Waterbury, May 5, 1823. Waterbury Meeting House Society met, agreeable to previous notice, at the School House in the first School District in Waterbury, and proceeded to choose Dan Carpenter, moderator ; Henry F. Janes, clerk; and P. Dillingham, Jr., clerk pro tern. On motion, Henry F. Janes and O. W. Drew were appointed a committee to re- port By-Laws for the Society by the next meeting of the same. On motion. Resolved that a Committee of five be appointed to examine the places in contemplation for setting the Meeting House, the sum for which the land can be obtained, to make a plan of a house, the probable expense of building the same and the terms and manner of payment, and make report to this "Society at their next meeting. And on nomination, Amasa Pride, Syl- vester Henry, Horace Atkins, Roswell Wells and Dan Carpenter were appointed a Committee for the purpose aforesaid. When on motion voted that this meetinof 838 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. stand adjourned to Thursday, the 15th day of instant May, at this place on 6 o'clock P. M. A true record of the pro- ceedings. Attest, H. F. Janes, Clerk. At the next meeting of the Society, the Committee reported By-Laws, after des- ignating the name of the Society, the Offi- cers and their duties. Article 6th reads as follows : The First Congregational Society in the town of Waterbury shall have the right to the use and occupancy of the Meeting House when built, in all cases when want- ed by said Society for religious meetings. But when not wanted by said Society for the purpose aforesaid, any other Christian Denomination shall have right to occupy said house for social worship, by making application to some person to be appoint- ed by the Society for that purpose, in said Waterbury, and when more than one de- nomination shall apply for the use of said house at the same tmie, the first applying shall have the first right. Article 7th. The Meeting House shall be opened for Funerals at all times, both on the Sabbath and other days, and the friends of the deceased shall have liberty to invite a minister of any denomination to attend and preach on such funeral oc- casion as they may think proper. These articles were adopted. At this meeting, held May 15, 1823, the plan of the house reported by the Committee was adopted; also the loca- tion, though that was afterwards changed by general consent. The terms of payment for pews were also adopted at this meeting, and a vote passed to proceed immediately to the sale, by bidding for choice of pews, the appraised price having been previously affixed to each one on the plan. The names of purchasers were then written on each as sold. At the next meeting of the Society, held June 3d, 1823, Roswell Wells was chosen Treasurer. Voted to choose a committee of three to superintend the building: Amasa Pride, Roswell Wells and Dan Carpenter were chosen said committee. The sale of pews was then proceeded with in the same manner as at the previous meeting. There was another meeting for the sale of pews, June 17, 1823. After these several sales, five or six pews remained unsold, the appraised value of which amounted to between $280 and $290. These pews the committee took at their appraisal, in addition to those they had individually bought. Mr. Pride deed- ed the land for site in consideration of $150. He also deeded a piece of land near to this for a mere nominal sum, to enlarge the burying-ground. After the dedication of the house, Rev. Charles Calkins supplied the pulpit most of the time previous to Mr. Warren's coming into town. (11) Rev. J. F. Stone was installed Jan. 6, 1839; dismissed June 9, 1847. Rev. A. G. Pease began to labor with the church the first of Aug. 1847; was in- stalled Sept. 5, 1849; dismissed Jan. 26, 1S53. Rev. C. C. Parker began his labors the first Sabbath in June, 1853; was in- stalled Jan. 7, 1854; dismissed Jan. 16, 1867, the dismission taking effect after the second Sabbath in March following. (12) These were probably the most general and extensive revivals, particularly the last, in the history of the town, and their results, both as respects the number of individuals, and the marked and per- manent influence upon the character of the subjects, and their influence on com- munity generally, are widely felt to this day. Different denominations united in frequent meetings in harmony and com- munion of Christian fellowship, each re- ceiving considerable accessions to their numbers. In the last-mentioned revival the village was chiefly interested. Elders Pier and Foster taking a prominent part in the services of the large meetings held on almost every evening of the week. SECOND APPENDIX. REPRESENTATIVES. Daniel Bliss, 1792 ; none, 1793,1831, '35, '49, '50, '55 ; Ezra Butler, 1794-98, '99- 1805,^07 ;Geo. Kennan, 1798, i8o5-o6,'o8, '10; Asaph Allen, 1809; John Peck, 181 1, '18.; Sylvester Henry, i8i2-'i3; Dan Car- penter, 1814-18, i8i9-''27, '29; Amasa Pride, i827-'28, '32; Charles R. Cleaves, 1830; Paul Dillingham, Jr., i833-''34, ''■yj- '40 ; ThaddeusClough, 1836, '46-'47 ; Wm. W. Wells, 1840, '63-'64; Eliakim Allen, 1841 ; Henry Douglass, 1842-43 ; William Carpenter, 1844-45 i Chas. C. Arms, 1848 ; Calvin Blodgett, 1851-52; O. C. Howard, 1853; Henry F. Janes, 1854, '61, '62; James Green, 1856; John D. Smith, 1S57- '58; James M. Henry, 1859-60; William Wells, 1865-66 ; Ezra B. Fuller, 1867-^69 ; Frank E. Ormsby, i869-''7o-'72 ; George W. Randall, i872-'74; John B. Parker, 1874-76; Wm. P. Dillingham, 1876-78; \ WATERBURY. 839 L. H. Haines, iS/S-'So; E. F. Palmer, i88o-'82. OFFICES HELD BY WATERBURY CITIZENS. Governors, Ezra Butler, 1826, '27 ; Paul Dillingham, 1865, '66. Lieut. Governor, P. Dillingham, 1862, '63, '64. Councillors, Ezra Butler, 1807, '08, '09, '10, '11, '12, '15-25; John Peck, 1826; H. F. Janes, 1830, '31, '32, '^2, '34. Senators, Paul Dillingham, 1841,^42, '61 ;Wm. Carpenter, 1848, '49; James Green, 1854, '55; Wm. W. Henry, 1865, '66, '67. Represent- atives in Congress, Ezra Butler, i8i3-'i5 ; H. F.Janes, 1834-37; Paul Dillingham, 1843-^47; L. B. Peck, native of W., '48- '52. Constitutional Convention, Richard Holden, 1793; Dan. Carpenter, 1814; Ezra Butler, 1822; Luther Cleaves, 1828; Paul Dillingham, Jr., 1836; William Car- penter, 1843; Eliakim Allen, 1850; Paul Dillingham, 1857. Judges of County Court, Ezra Butler, i8o3-''2 5, except the years 1813, '14 and '18 ; John Peck, 1818 ; Dan. Carpenter, from 1827-34; Henry Douglass, 1846, '47; E. S. Newcomb, 1856, '57. Council of Censors, Ezra Butler, 1806; H. F. Janes, 1848; Wm. W.Wells, 1855. High SheriiTs, John Peck, 1811, '12, '19, '20, '21, '22, '23; I. C. Brown, 1859, '60. State Treasurer, H. F. Janes, 1838-40. Senators, Jos. Moody, 1853; Wm. P. Dillingham, 1880. PHYSICIANS. Daniel Bliss, Seth Cole, Calvin Deming, Wm. Hollovvay, Joseph Lewis, William Paddock, Stephen Pierce, O. W- Drew. H. H. Basford, C. C. Arms, T. B. Downer, Chas. H. Cleveland, Edward Mullikeri, Horace Fales, J. B. Woodward, Lucius Kneeland, H. Janes, E. J. Hall, W. S. Vincent, J. E. Frink, L. H. Thomas, homosopatist ; B. F. Conant, eclectic; Wm. L. White. Physicians in 1882. — H. Fales, E. G. Hooker, H. Janes, M. Lamb; eclectic, G. O. Washburne ; homoeopathi.st, A. Morgan; dentist, L T. Wheelock. ATTORNEYS. Dan. Carpenter, H. F. Janes, Paul Dil- lingham, R. C. Smith, John Dean, Jr., George Gale, Jared S. Demmon, William Richardson, J. G. Sherburne, L. Henry, L. L. Durant, Edwin Dillingham, C. F. Clough, Geo. W. Kennedy, E. F. Palmer, T. J. Deavitt, William P. Dillingham, Melville E. Smilie, H. N. Deavitt? Geo. W. Morse. CLERGYMEN. Advent, 1859, Daniel T. Taylor, D. Bosworth, Hector Canfield, W. H. Swartz. Baptists, 1800, E. Butler; 1827, Samuel Seabury, John Ide, Aaron Angier, Julius P. Hall, S. Gustin, ]. ]. Crissey, S. F. Brown, Payson Tyler, G. W. Bixby, L. B. Hibbard, A. N. WoodruiT. Free Will Baptists, Samuel Lord, Ira Gray, E. B. Fuller, N. W. Bixby, T. R. Dunn, Cowell, R. M. Minard. Universalist, 1832-34, Thomas Browning. Methodist Ministers stationed at Waterbury street, from 1835-67: Rev. Orris Pier, 2 years; R. M. Little, i year; B. M. Hall, 2 years; P. P. Harrower, 2 years; J. W. B: Wood, i year; George Whitney, i year; Chas. H. Leonard, i year; John D. White, 2 years; W.M. Chipp, I year ; J. F. Craig, i year ; Hawley Ransom, 2 years ; John Kiernan, i year ; D. P. Hulbard, 2 years ; Albinus Johnson, I year ; William A. Miller, 2 years ; Thos. Dodgson, I year; J. Phillips, i year; Israel Luce, 2 years ; Richard Morgan, i year; B. Hawley, 2 years; D. B. Mc- Kenzie, 3 years ; H. W. Worthen, 1867; since 1867, H. W. Worthen, E. C. Bass, A. B. Truax, W. Underwood, H. A. Bush- nell, A. L. Cooper, Wm. L Johnson. Methodist Ministers stationed at Waterbury Center, or who have preached there during the above period : Revs. H. Foster, M. Townsend, Daniel F. Page, Thomas Kirby, Aaron Hall, Miles Fishj Samuel Hewes, Alexander Campbell, John Haslam, J. S. Mott, C. F. Ford, R. Mc- Elroy, J. A. Canoll, C. C. Bedell, S. M. Merrill, W. H. Tiffany, A. L. Cooper, H. N. Munger, A. Cox, Robinson, L Luce, W. R. Puffer, George Whitney, J. M. Puffer. Baptist Ministers, 1881, '82 — Calvin- ist Baptist at Centre, Geo. W. Wilkins ; Free-Will Baptist, S. D. Church; and Methodist at Centre, Peter Merrill ; Con- VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. gregational, S. H. ^Vheeler; Roman Cath- olic, J. Galligan. MERCHANTS AND TRADERS FROM THE FIRST SETTLEMENT. Tim. Yeomans, Farnswortli, Hartwell, A. Pride, Lebbeus Sherman, Sherman & Pinny, Luther Cleaves, Charles Cleaves, Cleaves & E. Carpenter, D. Carpenter & Cleaves, L. Hutchins & Co., Hutchins & Pride, Carpenter, Cleaves & Co., A. S. Richardson, Hutchins, Wells & Co., D.& W. Carpenter, L. & George W. Hutchins, George W. Hutchins & Co., Lyon, Arms & Co., P. Lyon & Co., Farmers & Me- chanics (at Centre), A. B. Prior, Goss & Hutchins, J. G. Stimson, B. F. Goss, Goss & Delano, S. C. Hutchins, Stimson & Arms, J. B. Cristy, James Cristy, C. Graves, iron and hardware; E. G. Scott & Co., protective union store ; A. B. Braley, drugs and medicines; W. H. Woodward, drugs and medicines and books ; Dana & Brooks, clothing; J. D.' Smith (Center), D. Tarbell & Co., Foster & Co., S. D. Sturtevant, C. Blodgett, Chandler & Stur- tevant, Chandler & Lamson,W. H.Wood- ward, C. N. Arms, J. G. Stimson, C. & J. S. Graves, hardware; Benjamin Barrett (Center), Goss & Knight, J. F. Lamson, D. M. Knights, J. F. Henry, drugs and medicines; Barrett & Gilman (Center), Wells & Arms, W. W. Wells (Center), Leland & Ashley, J. M. Henry & Sons, J. F. Henry & Co., W. J. Sawin, Howden, Colby & Co., N. K. Brown, books; A. Lyon (Centre), A. H. Wells, clothing; L. H. Haines, M. M. Knight, W. H. Ashley, Gros, F. C. Stone & Co., Haines & Richardson, J. W. Moody, books ; Wy- man & Smith, Geo. Simpson, jeweler; Henry, Johnson & Co., Henry & Co., E. D. Scagel, drugs and medicines. METHODIST CHURCH. This church was organized by Elder Stebbins, it is said, about the year 1800, consisting of the following-named indi- viduals : Thomas Guptil, first class-leader, and wife, John Henderson and wife, Tim- othy Parcher and wife, John Jones, David Straw and wife, John Hudson and wife, Joseph Fiske & wife and Simeon Woolson &wife. The year following, Stephen Jones and wife, George Scagel (subsequently many years class-leader), and wife, and Lemuel Lyon and wife were added to the class. These last three men were long- time, prominent members. At later pe- riods, Moses Nelson, Nathan Nelson, Samuel Bryant, Benjamin Fiske and others united and became active members. This church has given to the ministry of the de- nomination four of its young men, two of whom, Orrin Gregg and Araunah Lyon, are now in the ministry ; Chester Lyon is not living. In 1836 a new chmxh was formed in the village ; among the first and prom- inent members may be named : John La- throp, Paul Dillingham, C. C. Arms, Wm. Carpenter, A. A. Atherton and A. S. Richardson. THE BAPTIST CHURCH, formed in 1800, was constituted of few members. The following are the names of some of them : Ezra Butler and wife, Mrs. Densmore, Mrs. Silas Loomis. Dea. David Atkins, Edmund Town, Orrin At- kins and Mercy Nelson (afterwards Mrs. Green), Mrs. E. Town, Mrs. Atkins- and Mr. Densmore soon afterunited. At later periods. Deacon Paul Dillingham, Deacon Chester Whitney and Guild Newcomb joined. But in 1819, Aug. 6, the church was re-organized, or a new one formed, consisting of the following-named mem- bers : Ezra Butler, pastor ; Paul Dilling- ham and Chester Whitney, deacons ; Try- phena Butler, Polly W. Whitney, Anna Peck, Isaac Stevens, Richard Kneeland, Guild Newcomb, E. Town, Robert Brod- erick, John Atkins, Temperance Atkins, Mercy Green, Mary Hart, Hannah Dilling- ham, Sally Broderick, Betsey Parcher, Silena Brown. In the year following, 1820, 22 members were added. Among them the names of the following male members appear : Job Dillingham, Seth Town, Isaac Marshall, Jr., Arad Worces- ter, C. C. P. Crosby and William Smith. The house of worship built in 1S32 was removed, and a new one built in 1859 or i860. THE FREE-WILL BAPTIST CHURCH was organized about the year 181 7 or '18, and included the following named, and \ WATERBURY, 841 perhaps other individuals : Samuel Lord, Deacon Conant, S. Gaskell, Asa Town and wife, Ira Town and wife, Deacon Abner Fuller, John Cotton and wife, and Elisha Town. Elder Bowles took part in the services. Elder Lord was ordained at this time, or soon after, pastor. Elder Lord was born in Barnsted, N. H., 1779; began to preach when quite young in his native town ; afterwards moved to Ver- mont, living several years in Walden, and from that place came to Waterbury in 181 r, where he spent the remainder of his life of 70 years. Unassuming in his de- portment, he was more desirous of doing good than gaining applause. THE ADVENT CHURCH was formed in May, 1858 ; about 40 united in this organization. The services were conducted by Elder Joshua V. Himes, who had previously held a series of meetings, continuing several weeks, in the hall of the Washington House. The Advent meeting-house was dedicated in the winter of 1859. MILITARY. WAR OF THE REBELLION. Eli Ashley, age 24, I 9. Jerome Ayers, 18, B 10, com 2d Lt, June 15, 65; wd July I, 64, July 9, 64, Sept. 19,64. Alfred Y. Ayers, 19, D 10 ; prisjune 12,64 ; died at Salisbury. Asa C. Atherton, 24, I 13, sergt ; dis Jan. 15. 63. D. A. Bickford, 18, A 8 ; died Oct. 6, 62. Robert S. Bickford, 21, B 10. Riley M. Bickford, 24, D 2. H. R. Bickford, 40, D 10 ; died Dec. i, 64. Edmond C. Bragg, 22, G 2 ; killed at Cold Harbor, June 3, 64. James Bragg, 28, G 2 ; deserted Oct. 2, 64. Alonzo Bragg, 26, B 10. James Briggs, 40, B 10; dis May 15, 65. W. F. Brink, 20, D 2 ; re-en Dec. 21, 63. Christopher B. Brown, 22, D 2. George Brown, 28, Cav. C. C. A. Brown, Cav. C ; pro sgt Nov. i, 64. George Brown, 38, B 10; died at Ander- sonville, July 26, 64. Thomas Bruitnell, 18, I 9 ; corp ; reduced. 106 Wm. Bruitnell, 19, D2; wdat Fred'ksbgh. H. S. Burley, 39, B 10; died of wn'ds at Cold Harbor, June 20, 64. C. E. Bancroft, 32, I 13 ; com ist Lt Sept. 23, 62 ; resigned Jan. 8, 63. C. W. Brink, 26, I 13; disch Jan. 31, 63. Dennis Bissonnette, 30, K 17; wounded. Oscar Camp, 28, G 8. Frank Carpenter, 17, D 2. Michael Carr, 18, Cav. G ; re-en Dec. 28, 63. Justin Carter, 23, B 10 ; com 2d lieut. Jan. 63; resigned Feb. 4, 64. George Center, 24, D 2 ; corp ; wounded at Fredericksburgh ; trans to inv. corps. Chas. N. Collins, 16, D2 ; died Dec. 17, 61. Ezra W. Conant, 19, B 10 ; wdNov. 27, 63. E. C. Crossett, 18, B 10; wd ; dis Feb. 16, 65. W. H. Crossett, i8, B 10; wd ; re-en in Regs. Martin Cane, 18, B 10; died at Danville Jan. 29, 65. Patrick Carver, 20, D 5. Amos Chase, 44, C 1 7 ; lost arm at Weldon R. R., Sept. 30, 64. George H. Colby, 19, 2, D ; corp ; re-en Dec. 21, 63; wn'ded; disch. Feb. 5, 65. James B. Cave, 31, 13, E; re-en, 17, E. Jos. B. Conant, 21, C 15 ; died Apr. 12, 63. James Crawford, 22, I 13. S. E. Cree, 21, I 13. Ransom Chaffee, 25, A 2 ; drafted. William Clark, 24, D 2. Albert Deline, 25, D 2. John Deline, 25, E 7 ; dis Oct. 15, 62. Charles Dillingham, 24, D 2 ; com capt. May 22, 61; maj. 8th, Jan. 18, 62; Lt.- col. Dec. 24, 62; resigned Dec. 12, 63. Edwin Dillingham, 23, B 10; capt Aug. 4, 62; maj. Jan. 17, 64; killed at Winches- ter, Sept. 19, 64. Daniel Dalley, B 10; transferred to D. Ed. H. Dana, 32, B 10; wd Nov. 31, 64. Richard Dodge, 40, K 17. Thomas F. Dwyer, 30, B 10. Oliver W. Davis, 28, C 15. Joseph H. Demeritt, 21, I 13. H. A. Demmon, 42, I 13 ; trans to C Oct. II, 62. Henry Dillingham, — ,E 17 ;di'dj'ly 13, 64. G. W. Farnham, 23, D 2 ; des before leav- ing State. 842 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Patrick Flaherty, 34, D 2 ; dis Dec. 18, 62. Wilber Foster, 21, D 2; dis Oct. 20, 62. J. D. freeman, 21, B 10; wd July 9, 64. Augustus Fisher, 22, I 13. Daniel N. French, 28, I 13. Martin E. French, — , I 13 ; wounded. Benjamin Gonio, A 7 ; des Sept. 27, 64. Isaac Godfrey, 22, B 10 ; vvd at Cedar Cr'k, Oct. 19, 64. Jacob Godfrey, 19, B 10; dis May 13, 65. T. C. Godfrey, 31, D 2; dis June 2, 62. Rein, 23, C 17. Warren C. Oilman, 29, D 2 ; corp ; red'cd to ranks. Chas. C. Gregg, 21, D 2; com 2d lieut May 22, 61 ; dis service July 22, 62. Allen Greeley, 20, B 10; died July i, 64; wounded at Cold Harbor, Va. Quincy A. Green, — , B 10; wd at Cold Harbor ; pro sergt April 11, 65 . Almon D. Griffin, — , ist S S F music. Emery Guptil, 18, D 5 ; re-enlis'd ; wn'ded. Joseph Gabarie, ^2i ^ I7- Hamilton Glines, 40, B 10; wnVl at Cold Harbor, Va. ; died June 18, 64. Lyman Godfrey, 25, C 15 ; re-en into 17 C ; died at Salisbury, Oct. 2, 64. Nobles Godfrey, 25, C 17. William Goodwin, 34, K 17. Edmond Guinan, — , 3d Battery. Charles C. Guptil, 21, I 13; re-en 3d Bat; sgt ; red Sept. i , 64 ; pro corp Oct. i , 64. Lorenzo B. Guptil, 22, I 13; re-en 17 K; corporal. Milo K. Gray, 22, I 13. H. H. Griswold, 19,1 13; corp ; red'cd ; pro sergt ; re-en 17 E ; sergt. Darius A. Gray, 21, E 6; drafted. Ira S. Gray, 24, D 5 ; killed at Savage Sta- tion, June 29, 62. Horace Griffith, 18, K 17. Chas. A. Hutchins, — , E 17; re-en Feb. 15, 64. William H. Hutchins, 19, K 17. George Hakey, 18, K 17. Fred A. Hart, 25, D 2. Willis Hawley, 18, K 17; corporal. George S. Henry, 19, K 17; corporal. J. Edwin Henry, 25, K 17; com 2d lieut Sept. 22, 64; kdatPetersb^gh, Apr. 2,65. Isaac Harris, Jr., 35,C 15 ; dis June 19, 63. Leonard Hart, — , C 15. Chas. O. Humphrey, 23, I 13 ; corporal. Frank S. Henry, 20, K 17. William Hall, 26, D 2 ; re-en Dec. 21, 63 ; deserted Feb. 7, 64. Alonzo Hart, 37, D 2 ; dis Feb. 10, 63. Frank Hart, 18, D 2; re-en April 19, 64; corporal. Martin L. Henry, 19, Cav C ; re-enls'td 4th Hancock Corps. Wilbur E. Henry, 20, K 17; pro 2d lieut July 2, 65. Wm. W. Henry, 30, D 2 ; com ist lieut May 22, 61 ; maj loth, Aug. 26, 62 ; It. col Oct. 17, 62 ; col April 26, 64 ; brevet brig gen March 9, 65 ; wd Cold Harbor May, 64; res Dec. 17, 64. Daniel J. Hill, 31, Cav C ; sergt; wd at Getty sburgh ; trans to invalid corps. George W. Hill, 44, G 4; dis June 3, 62. Julius F. Hill, S S 2 ; trans to Inv. Corp. James O. Hovey, 20, D 2 ; re-en Dec. 21 63. George Hubbard, 22, D 2 ; re-en Jan i, 63 ; killed at Spottsylvania, May 12, 64. Robert Hunkins, 22, D 2; re-en Jan 31, 63 ; killed at Wilderness, May 5, 64. Mason Humphrey, N. H. 5 ; com ; killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June 64. Frank Huntley, 18, D 2 ; corp ; deserted at Antietam, Sept. 62. Benjamin L. Hawley, 22, H 17. H. D. Hutchins, D 2. Henry Janes, 29, comsurg3d, June 24, 61 ; surg U S V, March 26, 63 ; brcv lieut col U S V, March 13, 65. John Jerome, 32, B 10; dis April 16, 63; re-en K 17. Allen Jewett, 18, G 4; dis March 2, 62. Marcellus B. Johnson, 21, G 4; died Oct. 7, 62, of wd rec'd Sept. 15, 62, at South Mountain. John P. Jones, 18, E 8; re-en Jan 5, 64; promoted corporal July 5, '64. William Jones, 25, E 8 ; missed in action June 14, 63. Daniel Jones, 29, E 11; lost arm at Win- chester, Sept. 19, 64. James W. Jones, 35, B 10; wd, and dis May 15, 65. Edwin Joslyn, 1 7, S S E 2 ; died July 1 1 ,62. Edward Kirby, 22, A 7 ; must out August 30, 64. Leander Kirby, 18, H 13. \ WATERBURY. 843 John D. Kellogg, I 13 ; dis Nov. 28, 62. Charles B. Lee, 32, B 10; died in 63. Sayles Locke, 28, D 2 ; died Apr. 26, 62. James Linnehen, 44, D 5 ; mustered out June 29. 65. A. J. Loomis, 34, B 10. Charles Lapage, K 17. James Madigan, 18, I 9; des Jan. 19, 63. Henry L. Marshall, 24, B 10 ; corp ; wd at Cold Harbor, June i, 64. Ira A. Marshall, 38, D 2 ; dis July 16, 62. Paul W. Mason, Jr., 18, C Cav ; lost arm at Gettysburgh. Dexter Moody, 27, B 10. Hartwell Moody, 31, D 2. Samuel Morey, 23, D 2. Michael Morrisey, 18, G 2; re-enlisted in Cowan's Battery. Lucian M . Murray, 2 1 , G 4 ; died Nov. 8, 62 . John Martin, 21, Bat 3. Dennis Martin, 18, H 6; re-en Mar. 1,64. Pliny H. Moflfatt, 21, C Cav; re-en Dec. 28, 63 ; pro sergt Nov. 19, 64; pro com sergt Jan. 21, 65 ; transferred to Co. D. James W. Marshall, 35, I 13 ; corporal. Thomas Morway, 29, H 13. Patrick Martin, H 6. Charles Moody, 21, K 17. John McCaffery, A 6. Walter H. Nelson, 18, B 10; wd Nov. 27, 63, June I, 64. John O'Connor, 18, I 4. Pat. O'Connor, 16, K 17; music. Tabor H. Parcher, 24, B 10; corp; dis July 6, 64. Edwin Parker, 18, B 10; corporal. Henry F. Parker, 21, D 2 ; dis May 29,62. Edward N. Phelps, 22, I 9 ; corp reduced ; transferred to Veteran Corps. Henry C. Phillips, 26, C Cav ; sergt red ; promoted sergt. Carlos Prescott, 23, D. 2 ; dis July 24, 62 ; died of disease contracted in service. Leroy Prescott, 19, I 13. L. L. Pollard, 25, G 3 ; drafted. Homer Ruggles, 27, F i ; re-en in Cav C ; wd ; pro corp Nov. 18, 61 ; sergt. George G. Rice, 18, 10 G; died at Alex- andria, before joining regt. Winslow C. Rollins, 26, D 2, des from gen ho.spital 1865. George Ray, D 5. Alva Rowell, 26, I 13 ; re-en ; killed at Wilderness. Curtis C. Sleeper, 19, C 2 ; discharged Nov. I, 62 ; wd June 29, 62. Timothy T. Sleeper, 32, D 2; corp ; dis Feb. 5, 63 ; died Oct. 11, 63, of disease contracted in service. Charles Smith, 45, B 10 ; transferred to Invalid Corps, July i, 63. Clifford Smith, 21, A 7; re-en; deserted Sept. 27, 64. Geo. E. Smith, 19, D 2 ; wd at Wilderness. Jerry Smith, 26, A 7; re-en, and desertetl Sept. 27, 64. William H. Stimson, 24, C3, Jan. 29, 62 ; dis Feb. 3, 63 ; wd June 29, 62. Horatio G. Stone, 19, D 2 ; died of wds received at Wilderness, May 4, 64. John Stone, M Cav ; saddler. Willard S. Stone, 24, D 2 ; killed at Wil- derness, May 5, 64. John W. Sawyer, 29, B 10 ; deserted at Brattleboro, May 23, 64. Calvin E. Seaver, 27, I 13 ; wd at Gettys- burgh, July 3, 63. Herschall F. Smith, 26, I 13. William C. SmitSi, 18, I 13. William D. Smith, 22, I 13. Orvand A. Stone, 32, I 13. John R. Slocum, 9. Wayland A. Strong, 22, K 17. Frank Stearns, 18, C 17; died Jan. 6, 64, of wds received in action May 12, 64. Edward Taylor, 18, B 10. Lucian D. Thompson, 31, B 10; com 2d lieut Aug. 4, 62 ; ist lieut Co. G, Dec. 27, 62; capt Co. D, June 17, 64; killed at Cedar Creek, Oct. 19, 64. George Tatro, 28, B 10 ; died Dec. 28, 64. Burton C. Turner, 18, D 2 ;diedNov. 5, 64. Chauncy Turner, 20, D 2 ; drafted. Joseph Tate, D 5. John Toban, D 5. Edward Wells, 25, 5 ; band ; dis Feb. 20,62. Edwin H. Wells, 22, K 17. Henry Wells, 25, A 7 ; died Aug. 9, 62. William Wells, 23, C Cav ; com ist lieut Co. C, Oct. 14, 61 ; capt Nov. 18, 61 ; maj Oct. 30, 62 ; col June 4, 64 ; brev brig gen Feb. 22, 65 ; brig gen May 19, 65 ; brev maj gen ; wd July 6, 62, Sept. I3> 63. 844 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. George I Wilson, D 2. Henry M.Wood, 18, E, 8 ; died Sept. 13,63. Wm. M. Wood, 19, E8 ; died July 14, 63. Sidney H. Woodward, 18, B 10 ; wd at Cold Harbor, June i , 65 ; pro corporal Apr. I, 64. Benjamin F. Wright, 18, D 2. George S. Woodward, 22, C Cav ; killed Apr. 3, 63. Ira S. Woodward, 18, B 10; wd at Cold Harbor, June 3, 63. Wm. Woodard, 19, B 10; wd at Cold Harbor, June r, 64. Chas. B. Wooster, 23, K 3 ; dis Oct. 30, 62. Hiram P. Wright, 28, C Cav ; wd himself. Jacob Wrisley, 19, D 2 ; re-en Jan. 21, 64. Liberty White, 44, B 10; trans to In. Corps. Alexander Warden, 21, D 2; discharged; re-enlisted into 5th. Wm. C. Woodruff, 26, I 13. Wm. A. Wooster, 24, I 13. Charles S. Wrisley, 28, C 15. John W. York, 21, D 2 ; re-en color bearer for Gen. Wright commanding 6th corps. Hiram Young, 44, B 10 ; committed suicide June 26, 64. Jos. E. Young, 36, B 10; wd at Spottsyl- vania. Geo. W. York, 33, K 2 ; drafted ; died of wds received at Wilderness, May 5, 64 PArERS FURNISHED BY RUSSELL HUTLER. ESQ. LEADING TOPICS FIFTY YEARS AGO. Upon the review of the events of about half a century ago, we lind some remark- able coincidences. Within a very few years before, and subsequent, was a time of extensive religious revivals in many parts of our country and in this town. At about the same time, temperance, anti- slavery, and anti-masonry became subjects of great public interest, and whether these were all kindred in character with the reli- gious movement or not, they all seemed to be supported on the principle of public morals. Each had its period of novelty and excitement, each its time of calm dis- cussion, and each its decline in the public interest. What is most remarkable is their near contemporariness. Perhaps no time in history before or since, have all these subjects simultaneously so deeply engaged the public mind, nor is it proba- ble they will ever again so occupy the public mind of our community, till some generations have passed away and new combinations of circumstances occur. The public mind acting as a* whole is subject to the same laws as the individual mind ; when it has thoroughly canvassed a sub- ject and formed a deliberate decision, it is disposed to rest in that decision as entirely satisfactory, if no new, valid opposite evi- dence is adduced. The man who has viewed the temperance or the slavery ques- tion in their diiferent aspects, and made his verdict deliberately, does not care to review or pass through his experiences a second time. r. b. ANTI-SLAVERY. The New England Anti-Slavery move- ment, led by William Lloyd Garrison, was formally organized in Boston, Jan. 6, 1832, and followed by a National Anti-Slavery Society in Philadelphia, December I833. Anti-slavery principles soon found friends and advocates in Waterbury, and by the circulation of papers and the labors of lec- turers, became a strong moral force in the community. The movement was opposed for a time as a disturbing element in politics, though not then a party organization, as it became to some extent, later. As evi- dence of the zeal and liberality of Water- bury Abolitionists, it may be stated that upon a call of the State Society for pecu- niary aid, in 1839, 0"s of the delegates pledged $100 from Waterbury and Dux- bury, to be raised within the year. This,- was one twentieth of the amount asked from the State, and was the highest sum pledged by any town. When the paper was circulated in Waterbury, two individ- uals subscribed $100 each, while smaller contributions in both towns increased the sum to nearly $500, more than one-fifth of the entire sum called for. At that time $100 contributed for the sole purpose of helping to create public sentiment in behalf of a philanthropic cause, was a large sum ; and the citizens whose liberality deserves mention in a history of these times are Amasa Pride and Erastus Parker. They ^ ■ \ WATERBURY. 845 were men ever ready to help a cause that they beUeved worthy of support. All the subscriptions were paid. ANTI-MASONRY. After a lapse of 50 years since the origin of Anti-masonry, and 40 years since its disappearance in political discussions, most people of the present time are little acquainted with its history. With no pur- pose of discussing its merits, or demerits, we cannot as chroniclers of the town do less than to refer to this chapter of its po- litical history, no more to be suppressed or omitted than any other matter equally po- tent in its influence on the public mind. Anti-masonry as a question of morals, human rights, or political expediency, had no little influence upon the affairs of its period. So long time has passed, that the reader will wish for some account of its rise, growth and decadence. Anti-masonry, as known in this century and in this country, originated in Western New York, in the autumn of 1826. It was currently reported in the summer of that year, that William Morgan of Batavia, a brick-layer and stone mason, in conjunc- tion with David C. Miller, a printer of the same place, was about to publish a book disclosing the secrets of the Masonic Or- der. It was well known that Morgan was a Mason. These reports caused an imme- diate excitement among the Masons, and an effort was made to suppress the book, first by an unsuccessful attempt to obtain the manuscript. Following this, the print- ing office took fire in a way indicating the work of an incendiary. Miller was arrested Sept. X2, on a warrant issued by a justice in Le Roy ; and on the night of the same day, after 9 o'clock, Morgan disappeared. He has not been seen by family or friends since. Many circumstances of his abduc- tion, and the route over which he was taken, have been proved in courts of jus- tice, but with no positive evidence of his final disposal. The general belief is that no mortal man has seen him alive since the night of Sept. 19, 1826. When the fact and these circumstances of his abduction became known, the excite ment was inten.se. As there had long been among the uninitiated a sort of mysterious awe of the Order numbering in its ranks so many eminent men, these startling devel- opments, following in close succession, tended still further to increase the mystery. The governor of New York, if not the offi- cial head, was of high rank in the Order ; and as the investigation proceeded, it was found that most of the important offices of counties and towns were filled by masons. Judges, sheriffs and justices of peace had in a manner control of courts. These dis- closures intensified the excitement where it began, and extended it far and wide in other states. The extent and power of the Anti-Ma- sonic party can hardly be realized by those who have not seen the public mind arous- ed upon a subject affecting the vital inter- ests of the people. We have given this summary sketch of the formation of the Anti-Masonic party, avoiding all particulars not essential for an understanding of the public mind. There were suspicions and even charges that the secrets of the order interfered with the purposes of justice. If this were true, the remedy lay in selecting others than Masons to make and administer the laws. We may presume this to be the funda- mental idea of political Anti-Masonry. If the exclusion of Masons from office were necessary to secure justice in what was known as the Morgan trials, it was thought that similar cases might exist out- side of the "infected district" of New York. This principle of excluding Ma- sons from office was naturally denounced as illiberal and proscriptive ; but Anti- Masons met this charge with the state- ment that all parties are in their nature proscriptive. They became powerful in many States, and in our own State and town were dominant for several years. The reader is referred to the history of several northern States from 1828 to 1835 ; to legislation upon extra judicial oaths ; and the action of various Masonic bodies ; for the action of the order in this county, to the recent history of Montpelier. 846 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Comparing it with the present condition of masonry, he will wonder at its recuper- ative power, and iind the event worthy his study. MILLERISM. About 1839, William Miller, the great preacher of the Second Coming of Christ, delivered a course of lectures in Water- bury. From diligent study of the Scrip- tures, particularly of Daniel and the Revelations, he became convinced that Christ's second coming and the end of the world would occur in 1843. Mr. Miller appeared to be a man of ex- tensive reading, at least in matters relating to his subject ; and his zeal and apparent candor gave weight to his arguments. The subject was not a new one to careful read- ers of the Bible ; but his presentation of it, with a definite time for its occurrence, was both new and startling. Multitudes flocked to hear him. The train of his reasoning was unusual, and few men were prepared to meet him on ground with which he was so familiar. [Ludlow his- tory has an interesting paper on two of its citizens who took up his challenge for pub- lic discussion and met him ; see hereafter in the Windsor County Vol. — Ed.] Mr. Miller's hearers were numbered by thou- sands, and he gained many followers. Though the great event predicted so con- fidently did not occur, his presentation of Adventism did not pass away without influ- ence upon the evangelical churches of that or the present day. Many good church members, shaken in their former faith and disappointed in their expectations, sought a substitute as best they might. Few, if any, lapsed into unbelief, though without doubt the religious views of many were greatly modified. To us, a history of Waterbury would seem incomplete without recognition of the Second Advent move- ment and its effect. The preaching and publication of Mr. Miller's views had been so wide-spread, that large numbers of believers were look- ing for the great event. In Waterbury, scores watched and waited for the second coming of the Lord. We are not surprised at the excitement that attends the burninji of a vessel, a theatre, or a city ; yet many cannot realize how large numbers of peo- ple should be so intensely wrought upon by the expectation of an event of whose approach there were no visible signs. After the lapse of forty years, when nearly all of those who were so moved by Mr. Miller have passed away, many may won- der at the credulity of sensible and intelli- gent persons who accepted his interpreta- tion of prophecy. It is, however, a matter of history. LYCEUM AND LIBRARY. The coming of the Colby family into town was an acquisition to society in other than business relations. The senior brother immediately became interested in planning a lyceum for the entertainment and culture of the young. He was seconded by the active labors of his mother, sister, and brothers. Their efforts resulted in large and enthusiastic gatherings, with many participants in the exercises which were so varied as to sustain a constant interest in their weekly meetings. There were occa- sional lectures from entertaining and com- petent speakers ; carefully prepared de- bates, declamations by the youngsters ; and most interesting of all, the papers which were supported by contributions from all, and read by ladies. The lyceum became a complete success, and continued so several years. One or two seasons created such 2. furor scribendi , and such a demand for reading, that an association was formed, and a selection of books made by a competent committee. About 500 vols, were purchased. At the end of 2 years, the lyceum celebrated its success by a public entertainment and pic- nic on the banks of the Winooski, march- ing to the ground in a grand procession, with an array of banners, bearing the assumed names of the principal writers for the paper. Among the exercises was the reading of one of Julia Wallace Hutchins' poems by Rev. C. C. Parker, of blessed memory, not long since passed to his re- ward of heavenly rest. The library was increased to over 600 volumes, and for 10 or 12 years was highly esteemed ; but after the novelty of the first \ WATERBURY. 847 few years had worn away, the very inex- pensiveness of its advantages seemed to diminish its usefulness, since some esti- mate value only by cost. Yet even now after 25 years, there are several hundred of the books in the care of George W. Kennedy as assistant librarian. This, together with the Agricultural Library, aided by the town or public-spirited indi- viduals, might form the basis of a new one which would be of great value to the town. This much for the lyceum and library of a quarter of a century ago. The writer feels that their influence on the intelligence and culture of our people should not be forgotten. [Julia Wallace, author of "Earth's Angels," written some 25 or 30 years since, often reprinted, a favorite with the public, is a native of Duxbury, which adjoins Wa- terbury. The years of her childhood were spent at the paternal home, on an isolated mountain, afar from neighbors, very soli- itary. Bred with the elements, in her first poe- try — for a Montpelier paper — she sings of sunset skies, "painted and gilded," "the broad arch where starry armies throng" — she tells us what she " loves" — " The liglitnlDg's flash, its dazzling chain When tlie black thunder cloud is rent in twain ; The storm's dark drapery in sombre Cold Glittering with sparkles of electric gold. The vivid flash, the broad bright flash, I love Showing the earth beneath, the heavens above. As if the flame-winged messengers of power Glance on their errands through the tempest-hour." We heard her recite this old, old poem. We heard her describe this mountain home most graphically a few days since : " No Duxbury house in sight, but over the river, Waterbury village beyond, that looked like a Paradise ; Governor Butler's house and farms ; Governor Dillingham's residence ; the beautiful cemetery ; all dis- tinctly seen from our little house on the Duxbury mountain. You must have my " Earth's Angels" for Duxbury, — that be- longs to Duxbury, which has her history, — though no one has yet arisen to write it ; but there will." By our author's rule, " Athenwood" be- longs to Waterbury. It was written here, read at that old Lyceum so pleasantly de- scribed by our venerable historian, Mr. Butler, and we think we must break in on his pages and lay it here at the foot of the old " Lyceum and Library."] ATHENWOOD. A LEGKND OF ST. MINNIE. Were you ever in Montpelier? Not that fine old town of France, But a fair Green Mountain village. Young for legend or romance. Brave and hardy are the people Of our Northern State frontier; So aflirnicd a bold invader,* And the knowledge cost him dear. Firm in Doric strength and beauty Stands their Capitol; its dome Looking down upon a river Something like the stream of Rome. Winding through the verdant valley, Like a shaken silver chain. Flows the mountain-born Winooski To the beautiful Champlain. But we follow not Iiis current, For the theme will bid us stay 'Mong the hills that nurse his torrent. Near the Capitol, to-day. Just across the sparkling river. Where yon hill-road winds away, Lightly lifts the graceful elm-tree Many a slender, waving spray. Where the tiny song-birds rally, Chirping from their leafy screen, And the mountain breezes dally, Coming down a bright ravine. There, above the village murmur. And the din of mill and forge, Stands an artist's quiet dwelling. In the green and narrow gorge. On a sultry day of summer Sank beneath the wayside tree. One who sighed, in foreign accent, "Mary Mother, pity me! " 'Twas a sad and weary w.)man, With a child of tender years; On her feet ilie soil of travel. On her face the stain of tears. Surely she can toil no farther 'Neath the bright, uupitj ing sky; But for that sweet, patient infant, It were well that she should die! Hers had been a happy bridal In a distant father-land; Hers a husband, brave and noble. Firm, yet gentle, hopeful bland. Tyranny proclaimed him rebel, For a patriot heart had he; They, in want, had fled from peril- He was buried in the sea. ' Sir John Burgoyne. VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. In her land of cross and convent. Sweet Madonna, pale and fair, Shrine of saint or tomb of martyr. Wins tlie striclien soul to prayer. Now she scans that peacefnl cottage- Gray its walls and sloping eaves — Lifting up its modest gables. Carved in pendant oaken leaves; Rustic porch, with open portal, Arched windows, diamond pane- Sure it bore no slight resemblance To some humble rural fane. Was it not a wayside chapel. Built in form of holy cross? Was it hermitage? or dwelling? Long slie mused, and much at loss. Till an organ-tone came swelling On the silent summer air; Quick she mounts the rocky terrace. Lifts her child from stair to stair. In the softly shaded parlor Minnie had sat down to play Hopeful hymns that cheered her husband- These should while the hours away. On she played and sang, unheeding Her who on the threshold stood, Dreaming of an old cathedral Far beyond the ocean-flood. Through the curtain came the sunlight With a crimson-tinted ray; So it fell, from storied window. Where in youth she kneeled to pray. Near her stood a slender table. Fair the Parian vase upon't. Quaintly carved from antique sculpture- Was it not a marble font? On the walls hung glowing pictures— "Autumn scenery," richly wrought. Graceful forms and gentle features— Not the haloed head slie sought. When the soaring anthem ended, Timidly she moved to say, "Lady, please, is it a chapel? I have need to rest and pray." Oh, not utterly mistaken Was that simple, fervent heart; Less than only Heaven's own altar Is the shrine of Love and Art. Minnie placed a couch with pillows, Offering rest and sweet relief; Spoke as woman speaks to woman In her trial-hour of grief. Bringing food, the cup of water. Covering for the sunburned cliild. Laughed the winsome little creature- Sweet the wayworn pilgrim smiled. " Now my weary heart is lighter; Mary Mother lieard my plaint — If I found no priestly altar. Surely I've not missed a saint." BIOGRAPHICAL LETTER FROM A. G. PEASE. Born at Canaan, Conn., February, 18II ; the family moved to Charlotte, Vt. Nov., 1826 : My father, Salmon Pease, was born at Norfolk, Conn., June 14, 1783. My mother, Matilda Huntington, was born at Ashford, Conn., Dec. 30, 1780 ; there were 9 sons and one daughter, four of the sons and the daughter still living. I graduated at the University of Vermont in I837 ; at Andover, 1841 ; ordained and settled at Pittsford, June, 1842 ; married to Anne Page, daughter of Dea. William Page of Rutland, Oct. 18, 1842; went to Water- bury, July, 1847; installed 1849; went to Norwich, July, 1853; installed January, 1855 ; I .supplied at Poultney and Royal- ton, from October, 1845, when I left Pitts- ford, until going to Waterbuiy. After leaving Waterbury, I preached 3 months by invitation in the first Congregational church in Quincy, 111. My health failed the summer of 1855, and I have had no charge since. We have had 5 daughters, of whom 3 are living, and 3 sons, all living. Rutland, Sept. 17, 1876. BIOGRAPHICAL LETTER FROM REV. CHAS. CARROLL PARKER. Was born in Underhill, Sept. 26, 1814; son of Edmond (b. in Richmond, N. H.), son of Reuben, son of Benjamin, son of John, son of John, son of Dea. Thomas Parker, who settled in Reading, Mass., about 1635, where the four preceding were born ; name of mother, Hepzibah Curtis, daughter of John Curtis, of Dudley, Mass. ; lived with father until nearly twenty-one, working on his and neighboring farms ; went to school 3 months in summer from five to nine, and 3 months in winter, from seven to eighteen ; began to teach school at nineteen, and taught the 8 following win- ters ; fitted for college at Jericho Academy, Bradford Academy, and under the private instruction of Rev. Samuel Kingsbury, then acting pastor of the Congregational chuixh in Underhill ; entered college in 1837; graduated Aug. 4, 1841, with no pecuniary help from first to last; was prin- cipal of the boys' high school in Burlington \ WATERBURY. 2 years after graduating ; united with Con- gregational church, Burlington, Jan. i, 1843; entered Union Theological Sem- inary, N. Y., fall of 1843, and remained i year ; was again principal of boys' high school until fall of 1845 i was then agent of the University in raising the $50,000 fund until the spring of 1847 : resumed study of theology in Burlington, and was licensed to preach the Gospel by Winooski Asso- ciation at Williston, Oct. 11, 1847 ; preach- ed my first sermon in native parish at Underhill, first Sabbath in November fol- lowing ; began to preach in Tinmouth in January, 1848 ; was ordained, and in- stalled pastor of that church October 4th, following. In the spring of 1853, I received an in- vitation to preach in Waterbury ; was dis- missed from the church in Tinmouth, May 18, 1853 ; was installed pastor of Congre- gational church in Waterbury, June 7, 1854. In June, 1863, I was elected Cor- responding Secretary of Vermont Domestic Missionary Society, but the Council de- clined to advise my dismissal that I might accept the office. In the fall of 1866, was elected principal of the Ladies' Seminary in Gorham, Me., and was dismissed by Council, Jan. 16, 1867, and accepted the position at Gorham. In June, 1868, I resigned the place in the seminary, and accepted a call to the pastorate of a Congregational church in Gorham, and was installed Aug. 19, 1868; resigned the pastorate in Gorham, July, 1 87 1, and was dismissed Sept. 22. In Nov. 1 87 1, I received a call to the pastor- ate of the Congregational church in Orient, L. I.; also to that of the Presbyterian church in Passippamy, N. J., and accepted the latter ; was installed by Presbytery of Morris and Orange, Mar. 27, 1872, in which office I still remain (1876). Was married Nov. 28, 1844, to Eliz- abeth McNiel Fleming, of Burlington, and have one son and three daughters. My pastoral and ministerial relations have been very pleasant and so remain. I have been a corporator of the University of Vermont since 1862. 107 REV. JONATHAN COPELAND, was born in Smithville, Chenango Co., N. Y., Feb. 20, 1816; the eldest of 9 chil- dren, 4 sons and 5 daughters. His father, David Copeland, was a native of Brooklyn, Conn. ; his mother, Martha Shepard, of Pittsfield, Mass. After their marriage, they remained some time in Smithville, then returned to Brooklyn, and soon after- wards became residents of Norwich, Conn., where they lived until 1825, when they re- moved to Rochester, where they are still living, at a very advanced age. The fath- er, a mason by trade, his family dependent upon his daily toil, was able to give his children but a limited common school edu- cation, and the sons were set at work with their father as soon as they were able to use the tools. Jonathan was converted in his i8th year, and united with the church with which his parents were connected, the Presbyterian, and soon after was impressed to become a minister of the gospel. His father, una- ble to help him to an education, did not encourage it, but his pastor did, and he laid down his tools to study, resuming them at vacations ; and by his trade, teaching school some, and by his musical talent, carried himself through preparation for college, (Union college,) which he en- tered in 1837, and to the close of his last year in the Theological Seminary, which he entered 3 months before graduating at college. At the end of 2 years in the Seminary, he was licensed to preach by the Cayuga Presbytery, and called to the Presbyterian church in Holley, Orleans Co., N. Y., where he preached his first sermon May 14, 1843, ^"d was installed in November. This large and flourishing field he held 15^ years, when against the wishes of his people, he was dismissed to take charge of the Presbyterian church of Champlain, N. Y., where he was installed Feb., 1859; dismissed Oct., 1866, re- mained another year. The year previous, 107 new members were added to this church, and this last year there were fre- quent additions. In Oct., 1867, he accepted a call from the Congregational church of Waterbury, 850 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. and soon afterwards removed here. He was twice solicited to be installed pastor, but declined from personal preferences. Though coming from the Presbyterians, among whom he was converted, educated, licensed and installed, and with whom he had labored for more than 20 years, he very readily conformed to Congregational usages, found a pleasant home, cordial re- lations with the ministers and churches, and ever labored harmoniously and heart- ily with them ; and had Providence so or- dered, would have spent his remaining days happily in that connection. While in Waterbury, a parsonage was purchased by the society, the house of worship twice improved and beautified, and the commu- nicants increased ; the number bemg larg- er, notwithstanding numerous removals, at the close than at the beginning of his labors with the church. He at present re- sides in Rochester, N. Y., and is regularly employed in preaching in that vicinity. He was married Jan. 30, 1844, to Kezia, daughter of John and Kezia Clark, of Nis- kayuna, Schenectady Co., N. Y. They have had three sons, Clark, Edward and William, all now in business, and four daughters, three now living, and their children are all members of the church. CALKINS FAMILY. John P. Calkins, of New London, Conn., moved to Canaan, N. H. ; and from there came to Waterbury, and settled on the River about 1796. He had 8 sons and 3 daughters. The facts in this notice the writer has from a descendant, who with nearly all of the Calkins name, went to the older Western states, where several have won distinction in educational, profession- al, and business positions. Sarah, eldest daughter of the family, married Rev. Thomas Kennan. Hubbard, the eldest son, died in Ohio, about 40 years ago. Harris, second son, settled in Waterbu- ry, where he died, leaving two sons and a daughter. The younger son. Dr. Calkins of Boston, and the daughter are living. Clarissa died in Ohio, at the age of 89. Charles, born in New London, had 6 children, 5 of whom were living in 1879 It is from the oldest son that we have the principal facts relating to the family. His father was briefly noticed in Mr. Park- er''s Early History, as supplying the pulpit of the first meeting-house in Waterbury several months after its dedication, and previous to the coming of Rev. Dr. War- ren. Mr. Calkins died near Cleveland, Ohio, in 1877, aged 94; Mrs. Calkins, who be- longed to the New- Hampshire family of Gilmans, a few years before her husband, at the age of 86. Charles G. Calkins, the eldest son, has given many interesting details of his own family and that of his sister Eliza, Mrs. Winchester of Detroit, who has 9 grown-up children living. Of his own family, one son has served as an officer in U. S. Navy, another as editor of a daily paper in Covington, Ky. George, the son next younger than Charles , living in 1879, in Elyria, Ohio, blind and deaf, has a son who is a wealthy resident of Cincinnati. William was a teacher in Waterbury, and we think in Burlington, aboul 25 years ago. The writer remembers him well. A son of his has long been a prominent citi- zen of Ticonderoga, N. Y. ; another son is a successful lumber merchant. Charles Oilman Calkins, son of Rev. Charles Calkins, after giving brief notices of each of his father's brothers and sisters (as above related) so far as known to him at the time of his writing, April, 1879, concludes his account, thus: " So there are living, George, aged 92, Jesse 84, and Jedediah 82, and his wife ; and but few years ago, Clarisa died aged 89, Charles 94, and my mother 86. Six in all had lived many more years together, or not far separated than is usual in families. In- deed, I have been disposed sometimes to prepare a sketch styling them the Centen- nial family. The descendants are nume- rous and far scattered, and I know but few of them recently. They are mainly out- side of Congress and of the State prison. The name is becoming numerous and far spread. They all so far as I can learn have many of the traits of our family. Of personal resemblances there have been WATERBURY. 851 several striking instances. Longevity, large families, muscular vigor, while there has been a large tendency to clerical and professional occupations." KENNAN FAMILY. Among the early settlers we must not omit to notice was the family of George Kennan, whose name appears as one of the town officers as early as 1794, when he served as moderator and selectman, and again in 1797 and 1804, and was justice of the peace many years. His son George was constable in 1802; and selectman in 1809. Thomas, another son, assisted in the organization of the first Congregational church as clerk of the meeting ; afterwards became a minister of that denomination. He married Sarah, eldest daughter of John P. Calkins. Another son of this family was Jairus, who fell an early victim to his love of knowledge a few years after his graduation in 1804, as a member of the first class of the University of Vermont. At the semi- centennial anniversary of the University in 1854, the late Charles Adams, Esq., of Burlington, paid the following tribute to his memory, in response to the sentiment, " The First Graduating Class of 50 years ago" : " There were four of us who grad- uated fifty years ago. Three are present on this occasion. The joy of our meeting is chastened by the reflection that our other classmate, Jairus Kennan, is no more. He was feeble while in college, and having long struggled with disease, has gone, as we trust, to a higher and a better world. Jairus Kennan was not an ordinary man. He loved knowledge, and nothing could repress his ardor in the pursuit. His in- tellectual powers were of a high order, and he cultivated them with untiring devotion. He was distinguished for warmth of feel- ing and kindness of manner, and had he lived, would have taken high rank as a philanthropist. Poor in purse and poorer in health, he was above adverse circum- stances, and alone and unaided pursued a quiet course to the highest development of mind and heart. He was a bright exam- ple of what energy and ambition may accomplish." JOSEPH Vi^ARREN, editor of the Buffalo Courier, died , 18 — , in that city, of congestion of the lungs, after an illness of only one day. Mr. Warren was born in Waterbury, July 24, 1829, and graduated at the University of Vermont, in the class of 185 1. He immediately en- tered the profession of journalism, as as- sistant editoi' of the Country Geutleman, at Albany, N. Y. In 1853, he became as- sociate editor of the Buffalo Courier, be- coming its editor-in-chief in 1858, and re- taining that position until his death. Since the death of Dean Richmond, in 1866, IVTr. Warren had been the recognized leader of the Democratic party in Erie county, and leader and counsellor of that party in Wes- tern New York and the State. Through his efforts the State Asylum for the insane was located at Buffalo, and he served on its board of managers and as chairman of the executive committee till within a month of his death. He was a member of the committee on location of the State Normal School at Buffalo, and a member of the board of trustees. He was' one of the pro- jectors of the Buffalo fine arts academy, and was largely interested in the project of the Buffalo, New York and Philadelphia Railroad. He was a former president of the Buffalo Young Men's Association, and a member of the council of the Medical de- partment of the University of Buffalo for the last 6 years. He was president of the New York State Associated Press at the time of his death. He was long a mem- ber of Ancient Land Mark Lodge of Ma- sons. He leaves a wife and one son. — Burlington Free Press. DAN CARPENTER, (BY HON. PAUL DILLINGHAM.) son of Simeon Carpenter and Anna Bur- ton, was born in Norwich, Vt., Nov. 21, 1776, where he lived, was educated, stud- ied law, and was admitted to the Bar, in Windsor County, in the spring of 1804. During the summer of that year he came into what is now Washington County, and settled at Waterbury. At that time the towns in Mad River valley together with Duxbury, Waterbury, Stowe and Mans- field belonged to Chittenden County ; there 85: VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. was no lawyer in either of them, and none nearer than Williston. Mr. Carpenter's choice was a fortunate one for him, for there had been for several years a growing desire that a reliable lawyer should settle in that vicinity, and he opened his office for business as early as Oct. i, 1804. He was a sound lawyer — a man of most ex- cellent practical judgment, and he proved almost at once that he was a safe adviser. Having fixed upon Waterbury as his future home, he at once became identified with all its interests, and was soon a leading man in all its affairs. At Norwich, Jan. 27, 1805, he was married to Betsey Par- tridge, daughter of Elisha Partridge and Margaret Murdock, born Jan. 23, 1783. They commenced housekeeping in the spring following, in a one-storied house, convenient for a small family, and in the year 181 5, built and finished the two-story front, where his grandson, Frank Carpen- ter, now lives. They had 8 children, four of whom died in early infancy — and four lived to be settled in life, one son, William, born Oct. 25, '1805, and three daughters, Sarah P., born May 18, 1807 ; Eliza, born Dec. II, 1810, and Julia, born Dec. 3, 1812; Julia, the wife of Paul Dillingham, is now the sole survivor; they were mar- ried Sept. 5, 1832. Sarah P. Carpenter Dillingham, died Sept. 20, 1831. When Mr. Carpenter began business in Waterbury, justice's jurisdiction was only $13 ; this threw a heavy business onto the County courts, and his income was large for quite a number of years. He had no competition till 18 17, when Henry F. Janes came into the town. Mr. Carpenter had a fine person, nearly six feet high, slim, straight as an arrow, and lithe, and grace- ful in every movement ; in manner he was of the old school, respectful, courteous and kind to every one. He rapidly grew into favor, and strong attachments grew up between him and a great porportion of his townsmen. He was a conscientious man, very kind to the poor, and forbearing to his every debtor. The estimation in which he stood in town, county and state, is best evidenced by the following facts : In his town he was chosen town clerk in March, 1808, and held that office by suc- cessive elections, (save one year) till 1829, when he declined to hold that office longer. He was first selectman during most of the same years. In 1817, he was chosen rep- resentative to the General Assembly, and with the exception of 1818, he represented the town till 1827. In the fall of 1827, he was chosen first assistant judge of Wash- ington County Court, and held that office by successive elections for 8 years, when he declined further service. In 1824, he was one of the State electors of president and vice president, and by his associates was deputed to carry and deliver the votes of the State in the City of Washington. From April, I823, he had a junior partner in his law business, Paul Dillingham, Jr. The firm was Carpenter & Dillingham, and continued till he became judge, when the business was given to Mr. Dillingham. From 1820, he had a mercantile interest in Waterbury, in company with Charles R. Cleaves. In February, 1824, he purchased Mr. Cleaves' interest in this business, to- gether with all his real estate, and his son William Carpenter, became his partner. During the summer of 1834, they erected the brick store, where his grandson, W. E. Carpenter, now lives and does business. He retired from active business, and de- voted the remainder of his life to the care of the property he had accumulated. He died Dec. 2, 1852. His memory is cherished by many now living. His wife survived him many years, living to the age of 92. William Carpenter died March 17, 1881. PAPER FliOM HON. PAUL DILLINGHAM. HON. WILLIAM WELLINGTON WELLS, son of Roswell and Pamelia White Wells, was born in Waterbury, Oct. 28, 1805, and died at the same place, April 9, 1869. He graduated from the University of Vermont in the class of 1824, and read law in the office of the late Charles Adams, Esq., in Burlington. He was admitted to practice at the Chittenden County Bar, but before he began the practice of his profession (for which he was thought to be particu- larly well suited both by nature and educa- ^ \ WATERBURY. 853 tion,; owing to the death of his father, he was obliged to return to Waterbury and administer the estate of the deceased. He soon became so much interested in busi- ness pursuits that he abandoned the idea of a professional life, and identified him- self with the interests of both his family and his town. For several years he had a large interest in a prominent dry-goods house in Burlington. He was afterward a member of the firm of Hutchins, Wells & Co., at Waterbury. At the latter place, he also erected a tannery, and for many years carried on an extensive business. Later on, he came into the ownership of the grist-mill just north of Waterbury village, (and near the tannery before men- tioned,) and converted it into a first-class flouring mill,when for many years he carried on an extensive business. He also carried on a dry goods store at Waterbury Center, several years. Mr. Wells represented Waterbury in the Legislature in 1840, '63 and '64, where he took an active part in legislative matters. He was a member of the Eleventh Council of Censors in 1855, and town treasurer and selectman several years. He was a valuable member of the com- munity in which he lived. A ripe scholar himself, he was deeply interested in the schools of the town, — feeling that in them was to be acquired such knowledge and discipline as should fit the young for intel- ligent and useful lives. He was equally interested in whatever was for the general interests of the town — and in furthering these he was not wont to inquire what his share of the expenditure should be, but rather how much was nec- essary to effect the purpose, and this much he contributed most gladly. From his youth up he was a radical tem- perance man. He was Grand Scribe of the Grand Division of the Sons of Tem- perance in Vermont for 8 years, and also Grand Worthy Patriarch of the Sons of Temperance of Vermont for some time. He worked ardently to accomplish every purpose he determined upon, contributing liberally both of time and money to any- thing of a public nature. He was no office seeker or office shunner, but was careful to honor any office which he held. He was deeply interested in the welfare of the country, and when the late rebellion broke out, and during its continuance, he gave himself almost entirely to the country's service, with an enthusiasm and hopeful- ness that was an inspiration to all around him. As chairman of the board of select- men during the greater part, if not all, of its continuance, he was the strongest among the strong. There was no call for soldiers but what was filled promptly. He fully believed that it was for the town's best interest to " pay as it went," and was such a strengthener to the weak, that Waterbur}- was substantially free from debt at the close of the war. Mr. Wells lived in the faith that work was honorable, and his whole life con- formed to his faith ; his boys, too, having been reared in it, have cheerfully and faith- . fully followed him in his faith and practice. Mr. Wells was married to Miss Eliza Carpenter, second daughter of Judge Dan Carpenter, Jan. 13, 1831. This choice of a wife was a most fortunate one for him, as his subsequent life demonstrat- ed. They buried two children in in- fancy, but reared 7 sons and i daughter. Four of the sons were engaged more or less in the conflict for the Union, and one of them, William, attained the rank of Brevet Major General of Volunteers. Roswell, the eldest, is in business at Waupun, Wis. William is Collector of Customs for the District of Vermont, re- siding at Burlington. Curtis is Cashier of the Waterbury National Bank. Edward, Henry and Fred are members of the firm of Wells, Richardson & Co., of Burling- ton, (wholesale dealers in drugs and medi- cines) . Charles is employed in the Customs Department of the Government, residing at St. Albans, and Sarah C, is the wife of James W. Brock of Montpelier, (1882). During the war and since, these sons of Mr. Wells have demonstated the great truth that intelligent labor faithfully pur- sued, wins. Mr. Wells' impulses were generally working good results. He was an honest 854 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. man in all his relations to life. Hating dishonesty, despising cant and abhorring hypocrisy, he passed a life which left ev- idences that our little part of the world was better for his having lived. He died respected by all, and mourned by many. ' Mrs. Wells died Aug. 5, 1873. She was a member of the Congregational church, Waterbury. [We asked Gen. Wells for his war record for Waterbury in our Gazetteer in 1876, choosing it from his own pen. The fol- lowing brief paper is his return] : William Wells, born in Waterbury, Vt., Dec. 14, 1837, entered the service as a private soldier in Co. C, ist Regiment V'ermont Cavalry, in 1861 ; was promoted to 1st Lieutenant, Captain, Major, Colonel, Brev. Brig. General, Brig. Gen. and Brev. Maj. Gen. Vols. ; was mustered out of service Jan. 16, 1866; represented Water- bury ni the Legislature 1865 and 1866; was Adjutant and Inspector General of Vermont from the ist of Oct. 1866, to May I, 1872, when he was appointed Col- lector of Customs for the District of Vt., which position he now holds. w. w. From the Burlington Free Press, 1872. Gen. Wells, born in 1837, had been engaged in business with his father, till shortly before the war broke out. He went into the service as ist Lieutenant of Co. C, of the 1st Vermont Cavalry, was promoted to be Captain before the regi- ment reached the field, and was made Major, Oct. 30, 1862. He was wounded in action, at Hagerstown, Md., July 6, 1863, and Sept. 13, 1863, at Culpepper, by the explosion of a shell, which also wounded Gen. Custer. He was promoted to the Colonelcy of the regiment, in June, 1864, commanded and fought the regiment during its arduous service in the Shenan- doah Valley during that summer and fall, till he was placed in command of a brigade of Cavalry. February 22, 1865, he was promoted Brigadier General for gallant and meritorious service, and May 19, 1865, was appointed Brigadier General. He commanded a cavalry brigade at Winchester and at Cedar Creek, in which battle his old regiment, the ist Vermont, took 23 pieces "of artillery — the heaviest capture ever made by one regiment in the war — and was in command under Sheridan throughout the rest of the war, up to the surrender of Lee at Appomattox Court House. After that he was in command of a division near Washington, till mustered out of the service. He came home a Bre- vet Major General of Volunteers, and with as clean and honorable a record as any soldier that Vermont sent to the war. In 1866, Gen. Wells was elected Adju- tant and Inspector General of Vermont, .succeeding Gen. P. T. Washburn in that office, which he has held up to his present appointment, — [Collector of Customs for the District of Vermont at Burlington.] For several years past Gen. Wells has been a resident of this city, Burlington, and a member of the firm of Henry & Co., wholesale drug merchants. His personal standing is high, as a man of integrity, good sense, correct habits, and unblemish- ed character, and his appointment will be generally accepted, throughout the State, as one eminently "fit to be made." The General holds the honor of having received the greatest number of promo- tions of any Vermont officer during the war. He enlisted from his native town, Waterbury. LOCATION OF THE REFORM SCHOOL. [Reasons for the location at Waterbury — from the First Reform School Report.] Omitting details and particulars, it is sufficient to say that we found the condi- tions we had prescribed for a location, best answered at Waterbury, on the spot where the institution stands. These conditions were, first, not far from 100 acres of good land suitably divided as desirable into about equal parts of tillage, meadow, pasture and woodland. Next, that the farm should all be in sight of the house, and be taken in at a glance from any point within it, a very important con- dition, which is perfectly answered in the spot we have chosen. The boys wherever they are at work on the farm, are never out of sight or hearing. As a matter of secu- rity, convenience and advantage for an es- tablishment like ours, the value of this fea- ture can hardly be overestimated. Besides the utility and practical advantage, it adds very much to the beauty of the situation, imparting a sense of unity and complete- ness, and more of the feeling of home. We did not overlook the influence of nat- ural security in fixing upon the spot we were to call our home. We rejected situ- ations, whatever might be their advantages in other respects, that were desolate, iso- .^S^"^ WATERBURY. 855 ]ate. distant, cut off from human society and neighborhood, easy access of friends and visitors, and from the free, warm and strong pulsations of the great social heart ; we resolved if possible to place ourselves in a situation where nature and man could exert their best influence upon us. Hence as a third condition, we deter- mined that our location be near the rail- road, and not more than one mile from a depot, and we concluded that a thriving business village, and a live depot, were much to be preferred to a place of little business, and a depot where ready convey- ance for visitors could not be found. We thought it very desirable, (and have found it so) that we should be within easy walk of the station, and the churches and busi- ness centre of the town. Finally, if the place answering these conditions should be near the centre of the State it would be so much the better for that. These conditions we found more nearly fulfilled in our present site than any other that was brought to our notice. The scen- ery is beautiful, the land fertile and easy of cultivation and of access in all parts. There is also an abundant supply of water brought from the hill in the rear by an aqueduct to the house and barn. In these respects, the site is unequaled, and its re- lation to the road, the depot and the vil- lage is all that could be desired. It has besides, the advantage of centrality in the State. HANNAH GALE, daughter of Peter and Hannah Gale, was born in Waterbury, Dec. 28, 1824. She was married to Samuel S. Luce, of Stowe, in 1847. In 1857, they removed from Waterbury to Galesville, Wis., where Mr. Luce, carpenter and architect, superintend- ed the building of the University. In i860, he began to publish and edit The Galesville Transcript. Mr. and Mrs. Luce are both good writers of prose and poetry. They have three children. R. butler. Mr. and Mrs. Luce have published to- gether a volume, small 12 mo.. 208 pp. Poems. By S. S. & H. G. Luce. Trem- pealeau : Chas. A. Leith, publisher, 1876. OUR OWN GREEN HILLS. BY HANNAH GALE LUCE. The Switzer loves those Alpine peaks. Where sweep the clouds along, — So worship we our own green hills, And clierish them in song. And were I in a foreign land, 'Mid classic halls of Rome, I'd turn from all to fondly gaze Upon my mountain home. I'd see among my native hills The cottage 'neath the trees— The tall elms waving gracefully To music In the breeze. The bright Winooski flowing near. Through waving meadows green — The lilacs where the robins sing. When earliest flowers are seen. The distant church spire bathed in light. Like shaft of burnished gold— The green where roseate children play, As in the days of old. Old Mansfield rears his nigged face. Upturned to meet the sky; And south, the '•Couching Lion" lifts His beetling crags on high. Full many an ancient legend wild I've heard the aged tell, Of precious ores in caverns hid, And kept by mystic spell. An Allen's dust reposes now, Near by the quiet lake; No more those brave " Green Mountain boys' The forest echoes wake.. But treasured be, in every heart. The love it bears for them— Each mountain seems their monument — The winds, their requiem. Yes, dear to us our mountains green— The home of virtues rare — And dear their noble-hearted sons. And daughters good and fair. When ray freed spirit seeks a home Above all earthly ills, Here may my humble grave be found. Amid our verdant hills I THE VILLAGE DOCTOR. BY SAMUEL PLAYTON LUCE. I see him still, us erst of yore. With furrowed cheek, and whitened brow; Though he's been dead of years a score, I see him stand before me now. I seem to see his withered form Bestride his faithful white-faced mare, With old brown saddle-bags behind. Whose odor 'twas a grief to bear. With chronic cough I hear him pass- He digs his steed with vigorous heel. Whose callous sides, from daily thumps. Had long since lost the power to feel. ' The constant grin upon his face — His light " te he! " at human pain. As oft he wrenched the oftending tooth, Our memory ever will retain. 8s6 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. But deeply down witliin liis breast, Beneath a mail like Milan steel, 'Twas said by tliose wlio knew him best, "The doctor has a heart to feel." 'Twas in tlie old Green Mountain State, 'Mid deep, dread winter's drifting snow, The evening hour was waxing late, Some forty years or more ago. We sat around the ample hearth. Where maple logs were blazing bright; Glad songs arose, and social mirth. Upon that dismal winter night. The storm-cloud hung on Mansfield's brow— The wind blew piercingly and chill ; Fierce through the leafless branches shrieked. And roared along the fir-clad hill. The deep'ning snow, that all day long Had fallen silently and fast. Now densely filled the frosty air, And piled in drifts before the blast. And still we sat— the hours sped — The storm increased with fearful might;— "I hope," our tender mother said, " N'o one's abroad this dreadful night." Our mother's voice had liariily ceased, When sudden through the opening door. O'er drifts, the quaint old doctor sprung. And forward fell upon the floor. ' brow was crusted o'er with ice, And crisp and frozen was his cheek ; His limbs were paralyzed with cold; For once, the doctor could not speak. With genial warmth, and tender care. He soon revived, and said : " Come, Bill, Be kind enough to get my mare,— 1 must reach Martin's, on the hill." Then on again, o'er trackless snow. Against the biting winter blast. Without the hope of worldly gain. Through mountain drifts, the doctor passed. Far up the winding mountain road. Through forest dark and blinding snow, He reached the desolate abode Of sickness, poverty and woe. Long years have passed ; yet oft I ask, As howls the tempest in its might. While sitting by the evening fire, "What faithful doctor rides to-niglit?" Yes, faithful; though full well I know The world is sparing of its praise; And these self-sacrilicing men But seldom tempt the poet's lays. And yet, 1 trust, when at tlie last They leave the world of human strife, Like him " who loved his fellow-men," Their names shall grace the " Book of Life." Jan. 1871. [The original of "The Village Doctor" was Dr. T. B. Downer, who for many years practiced in Stowe ; but in middle life removed to Waterbury Centre, and practiced a number of years after. He held several town offices, and was well known in Waterbury forty years ago. I knew him well forty and fifty years ago. R. BUTLER.] HON. HENRY F. JANES. BY EDWIN F. PALMER, ESQ. Mr. Janes was born at Brimfield, Mass., Oct. 18, 1792, and died at Waterbury, June 6, 1879. He was the third son of Solomon and Beulah Fisk Janes, whose family con- sisted of 4 boys and 4 girls, he surviving them all, although the others lived to a great age. In early childhood he moved with his father's family to Calais, this State, where his boyhood was passed ; and which town was re])resented in the Legis- lature for several years by his brother, Pardon. The Janeses were among the pioneers of Vermont. Jonathan Janes, an uncle of Henry F., was prominent in the organization of the town of Richford, March 30, 1799, and elected its first representative, and three times after in succession ; and was also judge in Franklin County. Hon. Henry F. Janes studied law at Montpelier. While living there he went with the company from that town to the battle of Plattsburgh. He commenced the practice of his profes- sion at Waterbury in 1817, where he lived 62 years ; without avarice acquired a com- petent fortune ; and without lust for power, or a resort to sinister means, but solely through the solidity of his judgment and the unquestioned probity of his character early attained a commanding influence in his town, his county and State. He was married in 1826, to Miss Fanny Butler, a daughter of Gov. Butler. Mrs. Janes, in whom was the gentlest refinement without the least affectation, or love of display, inheriting the religious traits of her father, was greatly beloved and esteemed by all who knew her. She was born in the year 1800, and survived her husband 2 years and a few months. Soon after settling in Waterbury, Mr. Janes was appointed postmaster, and con- tinued to hold this position till about 1829. He was one of the State councillors, 5 years, commencing 1830; a member of Congress, 3 years, commencing 1834; State treasurer, 3 years, commencing 1838 ; one of the Council of Censors in 1848; and was elected several times to the Legis- lature, his first election being in 1854. WATERBURY. 857 Mr. Janes was far removed both by na- ture and the whole education of his long life from those well described by the phrase, ^' potins callidi qtiain sappientcs,^'' — crafty, not wise ; nor did he belong to that class of public men well delineated by Burns in his poem on Charles James Fox, " How vvisdoiii and folly iiRet, luix, am) unite: How virtue and vice blend tlieirblaCK and tlieir wliile." No man ever saw more clearly than he, that in the very nature of God's moral government nothing is, or can be even expedient, that is not inti^insically just; and no man ever pursued more willingly or tenaciously what his conscience, illum- ined by a powerful judgment, taught him was just. DR. HENRY JANES, was born in this town Jan. 24, 1832. He is the son of the late Hon. Henry F. Janes, and on his mother's side, a grandson of Gov. Butler. We find the following truthful sketch of Dr. Janes in the " Biographies of the members of the Rocky Mountain Medical Association," published at Washington, D. C., 1877: — condensed. The Doctor received his academical edu- cation at Morrisville and at St. Johnsbury academies, [etc]. His medical studies were commenced in 1852, at Waterbury, under Dr. J. B. Woodward. He attended his first course of medical lectures at Woodstock College, in 1852, and two courses subsequently at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, in New York, where he graduated M. D., in 1855, and was appointed assistant, and afterwards house physician in Bellevue Hospital, New York City. In 1856, he went into practice at Chelsea, Mass. ; in 1857, he returned to Waterbury, where he soon acquired a good professional business; in 1861, en- tered the army, Surgeon of the 3d Vt. Regt. ; 1863, commissioned Surgeon, U. S. Army; 1865, breveted Lieut. Col. ; the greater part of his military service spent in hospital duty ; the fall of '62, in charge of a hospital at Burkettsville ; in 1863, in the winter, at Frederick, Md. ; in the spring, of the hospitals of the 6th Army Corps ; sum- mer and fall, of the army hospitals in and about Gettysburg, and the Letterman Gen- eral Hospital, in which were about 2000 severely wounded, from the Gettysburg battle-field, with a view of studying the results of treatment of fracture and ampu- 108 tations ; winter and spring of 1864, of South Street General Hospital, Phila ; sum- mer of '64, in charge of the hospital steamer, (of Maine) ; fall of '64, till the close of the war, in charge of Sloan General Hospital, at Montpelier ; and left the army in 1866, after spending the remainder of the year in New York, making a special study of injuries to the bones and brain, and returned, in '67, to Waterbury, where he has been actively engaged in practice until the pi-esent tune, excepting in '74, a portion of which he was traveling in Europe. His practice is large in the treat- ment of nervous diseases, surgery, and con- sultations with neighboring physicians. In '69 and '70 he published, in the Transac- tions of Vermont Medical Society, a paper on the treatment of gunshot-fracture, es- pecially of the femur. In '71, '72, '73, papers on some of the incidents following amputations; in '74, amputations at the knee-joint ; in ''yj, wrote a paper on spinal hemiplegia. He is a member of the Wash- ington County Medical Society, and of the American Medical Association ; of the Vermont State Medical Society, of which he was president in 1870, and which he represented at the meetings of the Ameri- can Medical Association in '60, ''66, '7 1 ,'80 ; of the Massachusetts Medical Society, and an honorary member of the California State Medical Society. In 1880, when the Legislature was about to elect trustees of the University of Vermont, the members of the medical pro- fession, among them Dr. Carpenter of Bur- lington, insisted they were entitled to be re- presented on that board with the other pro- fessions. They put forward Dr. Janes ; and he was elected unanimously to that position. He is also at this time one of the medical committee of the Mary Fletcher Hospital, Burlington — and it is no exagge- ration to say, no man in this State stands higher in his profession to-day than Dr. Janes. . E. f. p. DR. HORACE FALES. Dr. Fales, born in Sharon, Feb. 16, 1823, received his education at Kimball Union Academy, Meriden, N. H. ; gradu- ated at Woodstock Medical College, 1848, and the same year located to practice in this town. In 1851, he was married to Miss Henrietta A. Sheple, daughter of David A. Sheple. During these 34 years, he has had a large and lucrative practice, 858 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. and is exceedingly skilful. He brings to bear with rare tact the learning of the books to a given case ; and few doctors ever approached the sick room whose man- ner and words were better adapted to in- spire courage in the invalid, and to divert for the time his mind from his own aches and pains. In his long practice he has won many warm friends here. MR. RUSSELL BUTLER, the youngest of Gov. Butler's family, was born Feb. 17, 1807, in this town; and has resided here for the greater part of his life. He was fitted for college at the academy at Montpelier, and entered the University of Vermont in 1825. He was compelled to quit the University after 2 years, on ac- count of ill health ; but he has been a stu- dent and a great lover of books from his youth. Although Mr. Butler has ever peremptorily refused political honor, which his friends would willingly have conferred on him, he has always taken a deep interest in the welfare of the country and this com- munity ; and his influence has ever been on the side of the right, good government, education and religion. The purity of his life, his morals, or even his motives, we have never heard questioned. e. f. p. MK. BUTLER'S I'APKKS— CONTINUED. HENRY FAMILY. Sylvester Henry came to this town early in the present century, and for many years held a prominent position. He was several years one of the board of select- men, represented the town in the General Assembly 2 years, and was several years justice of peace. He was a man of much reading for the times, and of excellent judgment, particularly in property values. At his decease, he left a large landed es- tate. Mrs. Henry's maiden name was Sybil Proctor. She was a woman of usefulness ; all the neighborhood, in sickness or dis- tress, appreciated her skillful nursing and helpful hand. This couple, together with their 4 sons and 4 daughters, made up a family in re- spect to family coincidents, remarkable. Two of the sons reared families of the same number, one having the same proportion of sons and daughters. James M., the eldest son, was born in Waterbury in 1809 ; attended school in his native district ; but an unusually strong desire for knowledge led him to read much and closely observe men and things. He was eminently qualified to judge human character. Such a mind, schooled in the rough experiences of life, led him to ac- cept men as they were, without attempting the herculean task of making them what they should be. To this may be attributed his peculiar influence on the opinions of men, especially in politics. If he entered the domain of religion or morals, it was the better to enforce his public policy. The interests of one's country are certainly higher than those of individuals, or even the local affairs of a community. He did not find the severe labors of the farm sufficiently remunerative to make the business attractive. He thought that it was the work of the brain that achieved success and fortune. After some years of reverses and unsettled habits, he happily fell in with the temperance reformers, and brighter prospects dawned on his future. At this time better influences took posses- sion of his nature, gained the mastery over the power of habit, and asserted the power of the will. It is a critical, but a grand period in life when a noble man- hood triumphs once for all over a habit which has long seemed an invincible foe. A good degree of success attended his business enterprises. He was twice elect- ed to the General Assembly, and had pre- viously been justice of peace several years. He died, aged about 55. Gen. W. W. Henry, eldest son of James Henry, is U. S. Marshal for the District of Vt., and years ago represented, first, Washington, then Chittenden Co., in the Vt. Senate, and was 2 years presi- dent of the board of aldermen in Burling- ton. John F. Henry, of Brooklyn, N. Y., from a moderate beginning in Waterbury, has grown into a very extensive trade in WATERBURY 859 drugs and medicines. He has once or twice run for the office of mayor of the city, and is said to have run above the party strength. Sylvester, 2d son of Sylvester, had 6 sons and 2 daughters — a family the same number as his father's and brother's. He accumulated a large property ; was several times elected constable ; three of his sons served in the army. He died in 1871, aged about 58. Luther, 4th son of Sylvester, was born in Waterbury in 1826. At the age of 14, his father died, in his will having appoint- ed the selectmen as guardians of this son, thus showing his confidence in their in- tegrity and capability. He completed his school life at Newbury Seminary; when about 21, is said to have entered into some speculations in patent rights which proved very unsuccessful ; about this time, began the study of law with Hon. Paul Dillingham; was admitted to the Washington Co. Bar in May, 1849 '1 not discouraged by his first financial ven- ture, he had learned caution and wisdom. Of his professional capabilities, said L. L. Durant, in an address before the Wash- ington Co. Bar : "As a lawyer, he was never deemed learned in the books ; but in a knowledge of men and things, he was not to be ex- celled. With keen discrimination and quick discernment, he readily grasped the strong points of a case, and bringing all his efforts to bear upon them, could not easily be led away. He was, so to speak, a natural lawyer, as all who entered the lists with him can testify." Mr. Henry took an active interest in building the bridge that connects Water- bury and Duxbury, and in opening a new street to it. He also made strenuous efforts to get the Newbury Seminary re- moved to Waterbury, and made an able argument in favor of the measure. He was twice married ; the first time to Flora Taplin ; the second, to Katherine E. Royce. Three children survive him. He died Jan. i, 1867, aged 40. LEANDER HUTCHINS was born in Montpelier, June 27, 1798, where 'he lived till 21, after which he passed some 3 years in the Western and South- ern States, engaged in trade, and in 1822, came to Waterbury, and entered into part- nership with Amasa Pride and Roswell Wells, under the name of L. Hutchins & Co. The firm began business on the cor- ner now occupied by C. E. Wyman, in a small wooden building, which Mr. Hutchins replaced about 1 2 years later by the one now standing. He put up in 1826 a dwelling- house adjoining Knight's Block on the east. In that year, the firm was changed to Hutchins & Pride; and later, to Hutch- ins, Wells and Co. In 1835, it became L. & Geo. W. Hutchins. Some 3 years after the name of Geo. W. Hutchius ap- pears alone. About 1845, Mr. Hutchins built and stocked a starch-factory near the Centre Village ; burned, not rebuilt ; [see fires.] Previous with the late Hon. H. F. Janes, he bought the extensive wild lands of Vermont owned by the Boardman Bros, of New York, for whom he had been agent ; much of this land was not disposed of at the decease of the purchasers. For a few years he owned and personally man- aged a farm on the old hill road to Stowe, a mile or two from Waterbury village. Hf married Jan. 30, 1826, Martha Pride, who died in December, 1834, leaving two daughters, Mrs. C. W. Arms and Mrs. Dr. Woodward, who survive both parents. In 1837, he married Martha W. Atkins, who is now living. Mr. Hutchins died Feb. 17, 1879, aged 80 years. After a residence of nearly 60 years in Waterbury, actively engaged in business dealings with its citizens, his rec- ord is that of a prudent, reliable business man, and valuable, discreet friend, con- servative on all subjects of public interest, whether politics, morals or religion. He united with the Congregational church in 1835 or '36, and during the later years of his life was one of its principal supporters, as he was one of its wealthiest members. Somewhat reserved in manner, he was genial with his friends, and often indulged in sallies of humor. He had a great aver- sion to display and ostentation, as shown in his whole manner of life, and seemed to have no particular taste or fancy for 86o VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. political preferment, though far from indif- ferent to the character and principles of those who controlled and directed public aifairs ; and for some 12 years, he per- formed the duties of treasurer to the town, and when the bank of Waterbury was or- ganized, he was chosen president, for which position he was eminently qualified, and held this office 20 years or more, when he requested to be relieved from its responsibility. MOODY FAMILY. From a sketch in tlie " Watclinian." Joseph Moody and his wife Avis, came to Waterbury from Vershire in 1834, with 6 sons and 3 daughters : Daniel is now 79; Nathaniel, 75; William, died in 1865, age 57; Elisha, 68; Joseph, 67; George W., 59; Betsey, 71 ; Avis, died in 1843, at 24; Angelina is 54. The pres- ent average height of the brothers is 6 ft. I inch, weight 225 pounds. Joseph Moody Sr., weighed 308 pounds, his wife 228. Joseph Moody, Jr., was State Senator in 1853, went West in '54; located at St. Anthony, and subsequently at Sauk Rap- ids, Minn., where he is a successful oper- ator in real estate, and is a county justice. The other brothers have remained resi- dents of Waterbury. Joseph Moody, Sr., and after him his sons, were well known in the State as stock or cattle buyers, and have been active farmers and operators where money was to be made. Remin- iscences of their trading days are a con- stant source of entertainment at the vil- lage rendezvous. George, by virtue of his imposing corporation, is titular governor, and Elisha the wag of the town. Politi- cally, Nathaniel is the only republican among the brothers ; the others were war democrats, and now affiliate with the dem- ocratic party ; but politics are not always inherited, the sons of the brothers are re- publicans. Justin W., a son of William, has been for a long time the efficient post- master, and Eugene, son of George, an active worker in the party, as well as one of the most thriving young farmers in the town or county. DR. OLIVER W. DREW came to Waterbury about 1820, from South Woodstock, where his father was a physician. He lived and practiced medi- cine here about 55 years, after which he and Mrs. Drew went to live with their only daughter, who had married a clergyman and lived in Acton, Mass. As a man, a physician, a citizen, a friend, and a professor of religion, he was sensible and practical, trustworthy and conscien- tious in all duties. He was three times married ; first to Miss Arms, by whom he had two children, a daughter who died young and suddenly, and Frederick, who became a doctor and settled at Ft. Riley. His second wife, Miss Woodward, was a sister of the late Dr. Woodward of Mont- pelier, formerly of Waterbury. His third wife survives him. Dr. Drew died in Mas- sachusetts about 1878, and his remains were brought to Waterbury for burial. RICHARD HOLDEN. Prominent among the very early settlers of the town, as early as 1788, was Richard Holden. He was moderator of the meet- ing when the town was organized (1790) ; chosen first selectman at this meeting, as he was in 1791 and several years after [see list of selectmen] , and for many years held the office of justice of peace; and 1793, was sent to the Constitutional Convention. His family occupied a respectable position in the social circles of that period. The sons and daughters were well educated for the times, limited as were the opportuni- ties of education. The oldest son, Guy C, was a teacher of the district school in 1810, '12. The writer has seen a receipt of payment as teacher, signed by him and bearing the last above date. Two years after, Holden, with a group of small boys, was listening on the hill side to hear the cannon the day before the battle of Platts- burgh, but on the day of the battle, Sunday, Sept. II, 1814, there was no need of listen- ing to hear the broadside discharges of artillery in the lake action, to which a hundred of Waterbury boys were witnesses. In 1794, the representative to the General WATERBURY. 86 1 Assembly of Vt., took with him this rather singular certificate : "Waterbury, Oct. 6, 1794. This may certify that Mr. Ezra I3utler, who was duly elected as member to attend the General Assembly for the town of Waterbury for the year ensuing, has for about three years made a profession of religion, and therefore has declined taking an oath in the common form, but choses whenever that he was elected into any town office, to take the affirmation. Richard Holden, Jjtstice of Peaces Some 62, possibly 64 years ago, the Holden family migrated to Northern New York. Giles H., the 2d son, and most of the family, settled at the mouth of the Genesee river, a post of entry 6 miles north of Rochester, Holden being col- lector and keeper of the lighthouse in 1829, as he had been some years before and was after that date some years. At the date named they were comfortably situated, and it is believed were some time after. PAUL DILLINGHAM. BY B. r. FIFIELD, ESQ. Paul Dillingham, son of Paul and Han- nah (Smith) Dillingham, was born in Shutesbury, Mass., Aug. 10, 1799. His father served the country in the Revolu- tionary War, first in the Mass. militia 6 months, then in the Continental Army 3 years, June, 1777, to 1780, his regiment being connected with that part of the army which was under tlie more immediate com- mand of Gen. Washington. His grand- father, John Dillingham, served in the "Old French War," and was killed in September, 1759, ^" the battle preceding the surrender of Quebec to Wolfe. He was thus descended from brave and patri- otic ancestors, and as it will be seen, pres- ently, transmitted the same noble qualities to his sons. When about 6 years old, he removed with his parents to Waterbury, which has ever since been his home. In 1818, '19, he attended the Washington County Gram- mar School at Montpelier, then under the tuition of Seneca White, a recent graduate of Dartmouth ; and in 1820, commenced the study of law with Hon. Dan Carpenter of Waterbury. He was admitted to the Washington County Bar at the September term, 1824, and from that date was in the active practice of his profession until 1875. As a jury lawyer, he long stood among the first in Vermont. He was town clerk of Waterbury from 1829 to "44; representative to the Legis- lature in 1833, '34,''37> '38. '39: State's attorney for Washington County in 1835, '36, ''yj ; a member of the Constitutional Convention 1836, '57, '70; State Senator of Washington County 1841, '42, '61 ; and in 1843, was elected member of Con- gress, where he served two terms, and was on the committee on the Judiciary. In 1862, '63, '64, he was Lieutenant Gover- nor, and in 1865, '66, Governor of the State. Mr. Dillingham was a Democrat by birth and education, and always acted with the democratic party; not, however, without many inward and some outward protests against its subserviency to slavery. But after the attack on Fort Sumter, he knew no party but the country, nor did he spare any exertion in the maintenance of the country's cause. During the presidential campaign of 1864, he was a frequent speaker at popular meetings, not only in Vermont, but in New Hampshire and New York. He gave two sons to fight, one of them to die, for the country. Charles, his oldest son, recruited Co. D, of the 2d Regt., in May, 1861, and was in the ser- vice till the winter of 1863, '64, when he was honorably discharged, being then Lieutenant Colonel of the 8th Regt. Ed- win, his second son, [See sketch of Major Edwin Dillingham in paper that follows.] The Governor reared a family of 7 chil- dren, 3 daughters and 4 sons. One of the daughters, wife of J. F. Lamson, Esq., of Boston, died in 1875. One remains un- married, and the other was the wife of Senator Carpenter of Wis. ; his son, Wm. P. Dillingham, is practicing law* in this county, and is developing many of the traits of character which have rendered his father so distinguished. Charles resides at New Orleans, La., and Frank at Mil- waukee, Wis. 862 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. The many public positions held by Mr. Dillingham, both by the choice of his neighbors, as well as of the whole people of the State, indicate the confidence the public have had in his integrity, as well as his ability, and that it was well deserved is proved by this fact alone ; for while the State is sparsely populated, and the people as a rule are poor, or simply independent, they are intelligent, exceedingly jealous of their rights and proud of their public men, and thus it has seldom happened that high public places have been unworthily con- ferred. But Mr. Dillingham's fame rests yet more in his professional life. I first knew him in 1856. He was then in the very vigor of manhood and in the full tide of professional success, and his reputation was that of the very first jury advocate in the State. At this time, Lucius B. Peck, Timothy P. Redfield and Stoddard B. Colby, to say nothing of numerous other lawyers of superior ability, were in full practice at Washington County Bar, and it can easily be seen how a natural rivalry among men of so much talent, not unfrequently brought out exhibitions of eloquence and intellectual strength, which gave to this bar a position equal, if not superior, to any other in the State. Often at this time was the court house packed, and an interested and appreciative audience would stay for hours to listen to the grapple of these men in legal debate. The great reputation that Mr. Dillingham then had as a jury advocate, of course made him the subject of general observa- tion, and particularly was this so among students and the younger members of the bar ; but ij; is quite difiicult to present any picture of him that will do him adequate justice. He must have been seen and heard wlien his blood was young, to be appreciated, and yet they who saw and heard him were often sorely puzzled to find out or account for that mysterious power which gave him such wonderful mastery in jury advocacy, that the traditions of his great efforts, evanescent as such things are, will last for half a century. Among the things which certainly contributed to it, was an exceedingly fine presence. He was fully 6 feet in height, and weighed perhaps, something over 200 pounds. Physically, well rounded, though not corp- ulent, his step was elastic and his bearing kindly, warm-hearted, frank and manly, and his intercourse with his fellow-men carried with it that insinuating address which invited respectful familiarity and cordial friendship. There was nothing of the aristocrat about him : nothing distant or reserved, and yet there was a dignified simplicity which always commanded re- spect. His dark hazel eyes, too, beamed with sympathy and kindliness, and his gestures, movements and address were natural, easy and unaffected ; and above all was his voice, musical and sweet as a flute in its lower cadences ; but in passion or excitement, rising in its notes clear and ringing, it resounded like the music of the bugle. In addition to these things, he was in the enjoyment of excellent health and a happy, genial temperament, which made everything sunshine about him. All these advantages were nature's gifts, and they were never tampered with or impaired by any vice or bad habit. And these gifts, too, are not, and cannot be acquired. He who is so fortunate as to possess them, must thank his Maker, not himself. With these gifts he coupled an instinctive knowl- edge of the human heart, acquired by long experience at the bar, and familiar inter- course and sympathy with his fellow-men. He never was a law student in the highest sense of the term ; never the mere book- worm which David Paul Brown pronounces "a mere donkey;" never dealt with the sharjD analysis and the keen intellectual dissection of great subjects, but his mind teemed with brilliant conceptions, glitter- ing generalities, happy conceits, apt il- lustrations and appropriate anecdotes, which were interspersed so ingeniously through the argument as the discussion went on, that great audiences have stood upon their feet by the hour to listen to the magic of his eloquence. The writer of this sketch once heard WATERBURY. 863 him in a pauper case, where the question of legal settlement turned upon the ap- parently insignificant fact whether a fam- ily removed in the spring or autumn of 1816 from one town to another; and one witness, an old lad}', remembered it was in autumn, because the family went on foot, the children were barefooted, the ground was frozen, and their feet bled by contact with the hard earth. She remem- bered, too, that they cracked butternuts which lay under the trees at this time of the year. Seizing upon these incidents as a text, his vivid imagination quickly sketched a picture of the privations and suffer- ing of the early pioneers in the State, so full of tenderness and pathos, that when he dropped back into his seat, panting with emotion, there was scarcely a dry eye in the jury-box, and when the jury went out, it took them less than ten minutes to vindicate the testimony of the old lady who remembered the frozen ground and the little children with their bleeding feet. It may be thought that in this he was simply acting. But it was not so. It was genius, a native instinct which directed him as certainly to the incidents and char- acteristics of a case which could be used for effect as the magnetic needle is directed toward. the pole. He made his client's case his own, and threw into it all the zeal and earnestness of his nature. In every controversy there is something of right on each side, and to a person of his natural genius and emotional nature, it was not difficult to quickly convince himself that the right always largely pre- dominated on his side, so that his advocacy always had the appearance of the utmost sincerity, the utmost candor. Himself a member of the Methodist church, and a careful student of biblical -history, there was an undertone of moral sentiment con- tinually cropping out and constantly re- turning, illustrated and enforced by apt quotations from the Scriptures, and this, coupled with his high reputation for in- tegrity, gave his utterances extraordinary weight and effect. When in his best mood, he played upon the strings of men's hearts with the facility that a skilled musician plays upon the strings of a guitar, and made them respond to emotions of laughter, anger, sympathy or sorrow whenever he pleased and as best suited the purposes of his case. By pure animal magnetism, he subjected inferior wills to the superior strengtli and power of his own, and having control, he moulded and shaped them to his wishes with the ease that the potter moulds the clay. And this was just as likely to arise in a small case as in a large one. It was antagonism that roused him. It was when his brother Colby had ridiculed his case, and con- vulsed the jury with laughter by the hour, that all his faculties were brought into full play, and then it was an intellectual treat to see him recapture the jury and win back the lost cause, and revel in the victory with the gaiety of a troubadour. Mr. Dillingham never by a professional act degraded his profession. He loved it, and practiced it because he loved it. He withdrew from practice about 1875, after a period of professional labors of half a cen- tury. He is now in the 83d year of his age, and is exceedidgly well preserved for such advanced years. An hour with him now in social intercourse is a rare enjoy- ment. With nothing to regret in the past, and a Christian's hope of the future, his present condition exhibits a restfulness and placidity which fittingly crowns a life of labor not spent in vain. From Chaplain E. M. Havnes' History of the Tenth Rfgiuient, (187(i). MAJOR EDWIN DILLINGHAM, second son of Hon. Paul DilHngham and Julia Carpenter, was born in Waterbury, May 13, 1839. The first years of his life were passed at the home of his parents, aniidst some of the most delightful natural scenery in the State. Here the mountains are ever green in their towering magnifi- cence to the sky. Almost every field is laced and ribboned by tireless, sparkling streams ; the soil, rich and stubborn in its fertility, yields its fruits only to the steady persistence of a hardy race ; and here, al- most in sight of the State Capitol, and within the immediate circle of its legisla- tive and social influences, and always 864 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. under the more refining elements of a Christian home, the years of boyhood and youtli were numbered. Like other boys, we presume he passed them quietly, not varying much from the round of spoits and duties of New England's revered manual for the training of her sons, al- though other homes have not been so richly endowed by Christian example. His opportunities for an education, we are in- formed, were respectable and diligently improved. Always found at his task, he won the admiration of his teachers ; ever kind and of a happy spirit, he was loved by his fellow-students. Enjoying the highest advantages afforded by the com- mon schools and academies of his native State, he here received all the instruction deemed absolutely essential to entering successfully upon his professional studies. He chose the profession of the law, and commenced his preparation for the bar in 1858, in the office of his brother-in-law, the Hon. Matthew H. Carpenter, now a senator in Congress, in the city of Mil- waukee, Wis., where, however, he re- mained but a few months. Upon leaving the office of Mr. Carpenter, he entered the Law School at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., where he graduated with honor in the autumn of 1859. H^ finally finished his law studies, preparatory, in the office of Dillingham and Durant, in his native town, his father being the senior member of the firm, and then Lieutenant Governor, and afterwards Governor of the State. In Sept. i860, he was admitted to practice at the Washing- ton County bar ; and it is said, "though the youngest," was considered " one of its most promising members." Subsequently, he became the law partner of his father, and thus established in his profession, and thus associated, he continued until July, 1862. We have often heard him speak of this arrangement as one most suited to his tastes, and doubt not that it was one of great promise and profit. It may be that he had expected to reap much from the great ability, experience and wide reputa- tion of his father as an advocate and states- man, and so enrich his own mind for the largest duties of his calling, either in its immediate sphere, or else fit himself for the demands of a wider field, and prepare to win the honor to which the young am- bition may justly aspire. But whatever schemes of this kind he might have enter- tained, they were not destined to be re- alized ; even if they did float dimly, yet with golden wings, before his mind, his nature was not one to remain undisturbed by the dark war-cloud that had for two terrible years stretched from the Gulf to the northern boundaries of his native State. Its mutterings, mingling with the cries of the slain of his own kinsmen and companions in peace, were notes of sum- mons. Though the silver lining of other dark clouds had betokened promise, this had turned to blood, and he would go and do battle for his country. Forgetting party affinities, and severing dearer and sweeter ties, he, with thousands more, would make the sacrifice of his young life upon the nation's altar. But to write all that was noble of this officer, would be but to repeat what has been in a thousand in- stances already made historic, and for him, we, his compatriots and subordinates in rank, because he has taken a higher com- mission, have but to record the epitajDhs of the brave ! Upon the President's call for_3oo,ooo troops, issued in July, 1862, he actively engaged in recruiting a company in the western part of Washington County, of which he was unanimously chosen captain. These recruits finally became Co. B, of the loth Reg. Vt. Vols., and were really the first raised for that regiment ; but in con- sequence of a company organization then existing, though formerly designed for the 9th Regiment, he was obliged to take this position in the loth. Soon after the reg- iment was fairly in the field, he was de- tailed as Assistant Inspector General on the staff" of Brigadier General Morris, then commanding the ist Brigade, 3d Division, 3d Army Corps, Army of the Potomac. He acted in the capacity oi aui-de-camp to this officer during the battle of Locust Grove, Nov. 27, 1863, and while carrying an order to his own regiment, his horse was shot under him and he was taken WATERBURY. 86s prisoner. Then he was marched most of the way to Richmond and incarcerated in Libby prison, where he was kept for four long months in durance vilest. In March following, he was paroled and soon ex- changed, when he immediately returned to the field and to his old command. Gen. Grant was at this time making his cel- ebrated campaign from the Rapidan to Petersburg, and consequently rendered ap- proach to the immediate scene of opera- tions extremely difficult. Still, troops of every arm of the service were being hurried forward, and Capt. Dillingham was put in command of a battalion of exchanged pris- oners and enlisted men, which he led to the front, fighting some of the way. He dismissed his men to their respective com- mands, and reported for duty at Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864. Col. Jewett had resigned. Lieut. Col. Henry and Major Chandler had been pro- moted respectively to the first ranks in the command. Capt. Frost, the ranking line officer, was breathing his last the hour he arrived ; one-third of the regiment were lying dead on the field and wounded in the hospital, and the rest, begrimmed with dirt and powder, within close range of the enemy, wej^e looking down into the Chick- ahominy swamp, within steeple view of Richmond. Col. Henry had been wound- ed on the first instant, and Lieut. Col. Chandler soon afterwards became sick, and Capt. Dillingham took command of the regiment, although he held it but a short time, Lieut. Col. Chandler returning to duty. The remaining awful days until the 1 2th, was his second battle with his regiment. June 17, 1864, he was com- missioned Major, and went with the troops to James river and Bermuda Hundreds, where, with a large part of the corps, they were ordered into action by Gen. Butler. But Gen. Wright delayed obedience to the order, and his corps was finally extricated by Gen. Meade, after remaining under a most distressing artillery fire from the enemy's battery for several hours. From this time until his death he was constantly with the regiment, and some of the time in command. July 6, 1864, the 3d Division of the 6th Corps was -detached from the Army of the Potomac, and the two remaining divisions soon afterwards, and were sent into the Shenandoah Valley, under Gen. Sheridan. Arriving at Frederick City, Maryland, on the 8th, he was second in command at the battle of Monocacy, fought on the 9th, Lieut. Col. Chandler being detailed to command the skirmish line, and Colonel Henry in command of the regiment. After marching untold leagues from Frederick to the Relay House, to Washington, up the Potomac to Leesburg, over into the Shen- andoah Valley, through Snicker's Gap, where we had a skirmish with the enemy over and in the river on the 18th, back to Georgetown by way of Chain Bridge, again up the Potomac as far as the mouth of the Monacacy, thence to Frederick, Harper's Ferry, Winchester and Strasburg, back to Harper's Ferry, by way of Charleston — over 600 miles since we had set foot in Maryland, July 21. It was now Aug. 22. On the 2 1st, the whole corps was attacked vigorously by the enemy; drawing in the pickets in front of the 2d Division, while the troops were lying quietly in camp or preparing for Sunday morning inspection. Here, for the first time, young Dillingham was ordered to lead his command to battle. The regiment, however, was not prom- inently engaged, and he had no opportuni- ty to distinguish himself. When asked how he felt, invested with the full command at such a time, he replied : " I felt as if we •should make a good fight, but I rather wished that Henryhad been there." From this time he commanded the regiment until he fell at the glorious field of Winch- ester, Sept. 4, 1864. We may not here describe that battle. It was a decisive victory for our arms and the country. It was a golden victory. It lifted higher the national banner than any other battle of the year north of Atlanta. But the eye of prescience could have dis- cerned a thousand emblems of mourning stretched beneath its starry folds, and seen the tears of as many Northern homes falling for their dead, yet re-consecrating the 109 866 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. flag! One was mourned in Waterbury! Major Dillingham had fallen ! Washington County Court was in ses- sion, and attorneys were contending by peaceful process for the civil rights of a few clients. In Virginia, its youngest and most promising member, who had thrown his sword into the vaster scale of justice, was contending for the civil rights of the nation. Under orders to charge the en- emy, whose front was ablaze with cannon and abatised with fixed bayonets, he was firmly pacing back and forth along his battle line, steadying its formation and awaiting the final signal to advance. Those who saw him say that he heeded not the the missiles of death that fell thick around him and his brave men. Keenly he eyed the foe — anxiously he awaited the onset. To him it never came. About noon, while in this position, he was struck by a solid twelve-pound shot on the left thigh, and borne bleeding and dying to the rear. In two hours he was no more. The regiment charged and nobly avenged the death of its Major, but he had gone another way. Though he never recovered from the nervous shock produced by this wound, he did not lose consciousness until his noble spirit departed. He conversed oc- casionally with those around him. Among his last vvords was the utterance: "I have fallen for my country. I am not afraid to die." The first were inspired by patriotism, the last by Christianity ! His remains were borne to Waterbury and in- terred, where the spirit of honor watches over the treasured dust ; and when the history of Vermont's noble men is written, the names of her heroes fairly recorded, we shall read high upon the scroll the name of Major Edwin. Dillingham. e. m. h. A member of the " Tenth," from the bat- tle field writes: " While the fight was still roaring up over the hill he died, and this was the end of a beautiful, harmonious life. Young, handsome, brilliant, brave amid trials, cheerful amid discouragements, upright, and with that kindness of heart which ever characterized the true gentle- man, blended with firmness and energy as a commander, he was ever respected by all of his command, and loved by all of his i companions. • " A fairer and a lovelier gentleman • The spacious world cannot again afford." We shall long mourn him in our camp." 1 He fell, as a soldier should fall, At the head of his own gallant band ; ; He died, as a soldier should die, ■; In defence of his own native land. He fell 'mid the battle's loud roar, J Where the stars and the stripes proud did fly : His life to his country lie gave — ; " 'Tis sweet for one's country to die." !. He fell in the springtime of life, ; His country from traitors to save, i While the bugle, the drum and the fife ; Fired the hearts of the true and the brave. \ He died while the victor's shoul ' Rang clear on the mountain air. While the foe in disordered rout Were fleeing in wildest despair. t Vermont her proud record shall make. And add to her long roll of fame, ' With the Aliens and Warners she'll place '' Young Dillingham's glorious name. ■' The closing tribute to our young hero ] is from the pen of J. A. Wing, Esq., of Montpelier. ' One of the largest and most beautiful • monuments of the State, in which elegance '; and simplicity combined, has been erected '• by the Governor at the grave of his son. ' It is of the Sutherland Falls quarry, finest ! Vermont marble, the cutting and erecting ''■ by a townsman, Geo. C. Arms, of Water- bury. I Philander A. Preston, born in Water- ^ bury, Nov. 27, 1833, enlistedin the Vt. Cav., j Sept. I, '61 ; with his regiment till July 6, ' '63, when wounded and in hospital till De- y cember ; returned to duty ; Jan. '64, re-enlist- ] ed ; taken prisoner June 27, at Stony Creek \ Station, Weldon R. R. ; taken to Ander- > sonville, Sept. 10; removed to Charles- -_ town ; then to Florence, where he was literally starved to death ; died Jan. or : Feb. '65, aged 32 ; left a wife and one son. The eighth annual re-union of the Tenth ! Vermont Regimental Association was held j at Waterbury, Sept. 4, 1873. The asso- j elation went in procession to the cemetery i to pay honors toMaj. Dillingham, Thomp- son, and other Waterbury patriots there • interred. WATERBURY. 867 SOLDIERS BURIED IN TOWN. BY HON. WM. P. DILLINGHAM. Revolutionary Soldiers who are buried in Waterbury: — Capt. Thomas Jones, Aaron Wilder, Ezra Butler, Zachariah Bas- sett, Moses Nelson, David Town, John Hudson, D. Sloan, Benjamin Conant, Paul Dillingham, Asaph Allen, Isaac Marshall, Thomas Eddy, Alphas Sheldon, Joseph Hubbard, Stephen Jones, Asa Poland, George Kennan. Note. — This list is made from consulta- tion with aged persons. In regard to those of 1812, any list I could make would be so defective as to mislead rather than be a help. More than 40 men went out and most of them are buried here, and yet I have obtained only a dozen of the names. Soldiers in the War of 1861 who are bii- riedat Waterbury : — Major Edwin Dilling- ham, Capt. Lucien D. Thompson, Lieut. J. Edwin Henry, Lieut. Dow E. Stone, Surgeon James B. Woodward, Alba Dut- ton, C. E. L. Hills, Almon C. Thomas, Tilton Sleeper, Carlos Prescott, Charles Lee, Henry Lee, Joseph B. Conant, Clar- ence K. Mansfield, Wm. Wallace Whitney, Frank Stearns, Henry Dillingham, H. R. Bickford, Tabor H. Parcher, Ira S. Woodward, George S. Woodward, H. S. Burleigh, Augustus Steady. Note. — This list is not complete, but as nearly so as time will permit us to make. [This list was only asked from Mr. Dil- lingham two days before going into print. We had overlooked not having it. Ed.] ORIGIN of the reform SCHOOL. Gov. Dillingham in his first annual mes- sage to the Legislature, that of 1865, rec- ommended the establishment of a State Reform School. On this suggestion an act was passed at the session of that 3'ear to establish the Vermont Reform School, that authorized the governor to appoint a board of three commissioners to purchase a farm not exceeding 200 acres of land. The governor appointed Rev. A. G. Pease, Rev. L. A. Dunn, and Charles Reed, Esq.. members of the Legislature that year. They received their commis- sions Nov. 24, and entered on the pre- liminary duties of such a board, visiting reformatories in other States to acquire needful information relating to requisi- tions and management of such institutions. This was also preparatory to selecting a suitable location for a reform school. In their report the next year to the governor, they relate their proceedings and conclu- sions on the subjects of their inquiries ; also the requisitions in the location, and the reasons which determined them in favor of locating in Waterbury, which have been already stated in these papers, page 854. THE BURNING OF THE REFORM SCHOOL building Dec. 12, 1874, was a calamity to many individuals, and in some respects, to the public. The loss of public and private property was large ; while 160 inmates es- caped with little but their lives in the dead of a December night, from their comfort- able home to undergo months of depriva- tion of their former comforts. The loss of personal property in the building was little known ; and probably few ever knew the loss of the State, in other ways than the cost of the building. It is well known to the tax-payers of the State that the fire led to the removal to Vergennes. However much the citizens of that ancient city may congratulate them- selves upon the event, and the maneuvers leading to it, few disinterested persons have ever had reason to be proud of the success of the means that led to its accom- plishment. The careful examinations of reformatories in other States, and inqui- ries into the necessary requisitions in choosing the location of such institutions, were narrated in the first annual report of the trustees ; and their reasons for the selection of the site of the first location of the school in Waterbury, are believed to have been satisfactory to the great majority of the people of the State. If those rea- sons were good then, they were no less forcible after the fire, but rather more so, the surroundings being the same, and in addition, the foundation and much available material remaining which could be appro- priated to the rebuilding, a foundation VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. already being laid ; a large outlay for that purpose would have been avoided. But whatever reasons might be assigned for rebuilding on the old site, the Legislature, especially the lower house, seemed indis- posed to regard them, while the senate by a very small majority concurred in the re- moval, even after the passage of the act authorizing the governor to purchase cer- tain designated real estate in Vergennes for the locating the reform school, it was reported he had serious doubts of the pro- priety of doing what the act authorized for purchase of that real estate. — R. butler. CATHOLIC CHURCH IN WATERBURY. 1876. — This mission, before it became a parish with a residing pastor, was attended occasionally, first by Father O'Callaghan from Burlington, then successively by Rev. J. Daly, Rev. Father Drolet, the Reverend Oblate Fathers, from Burlington, Rev. Z. Druon and Rev. Joseph Duglue, the two last clergymen living then at Montpelier. It was in 1857, that the old church, dedi- cated to St. Vincent Ferrier, was built on the hill on the east side of the railroad, at a little distance from the depot. It was enlarged about 10 years afterwards by Father Duglue. The present pastor, the Rev. John Galligan was appointed to take charge of his congregation in the year 1869. He soon purchased a fine residence in Winooski turnpike street, and this year (1876,) he bought the adjoining lot where stands the Adventist meeting-house, which he is now enlarging and converting into a church. Rev. Z. Druon. 1882. — The Church of Waterbury was dedicated to Almighty God under the voca- ble of St. Andrew, the Apostle, Nov. 30, 1876. Waterbury is now attended regu- larly on every other Sunday by Rev. J. Galligan. Bishop De Goesbriand. Patrick Bryan, the first Catholic in town, a tailor, came from Burlington from 18 15 to '20 ; settled and worked at his trade. He had a large family, and brought another tailor from Burlington here, Michael Con- nor, a Catholic ; both spent their lives here. Mr. Connor had several sons in the war. R. Butler. SOME DAY. There will be a hush in a darkened room Where, heeding not the stilly gloom, A pallid form will lowly lie. Beneath the folds of snowy drapery. Pale hands clasped o'er a pulseless breast, Cold white lips in silence pressed, Eyes— that have closed in sleep for aye; There will be footsteps' muffled tread. And voices whisper, "she is dead," Some day. Others tears and others woes Shall not disturb my deep repose; Perhaps some loving hand may press My marble form in tenderness, And twine the myrtle with flowers fair. To deck my rest, as I slumber there. But naught to me will that pressure be, Of beauty, or fragrance of rarest flowers. The light or shadows of passing hours — Some day. 1 shall not heed as they bear me on. With solemn tread, to the churchyard lone; Or hear the tone of the deep-toned bell. Breaking with mournful ebb and swell; As they lower me down, I shall feel no fear, The requiem's strains I shall not hear,— Or even the shock of the yellow clay. As with hollow sound on my coflin lid, It falls and covers my narrow bed, Some day. Summer aiid winter will come and go. With their floral wreath and robes of snow. And the phantom train of years go by. But I shall not heed them where I lie. The violet there, with its eyes of blue, May weep o'er my grave its tears of dew. The wild bird sing his sweetest lay. Yet the heart beneath lie cold and still; Will not respond with its wonted thrill. Some day. Only a lock of silken hair. Little mementoes here and there, Only a ceasing of care and .-trife, AlasI alasl is it all of life? Ah, no! there is somewhere a fairer shore, Wliere friends long parted shall meet once more, A beauteous land in the far away. Where light and joy will ever remain. And the soul its long-lost treasure regain. Some day. Then why should we fear. Oh Death, thy clasp. Or shrink at the touch of thy icy grasp? Since thou art the angel that opens the gate Of that city bright where our loved ones dwell. We will place these hands, without one thrill, Into thine own, so cold and chill; Come le.ad us to that realm of day. Where never a sigh is heard, or knell. But where the pure and beautiful dwell Forever. Waterbury, Vt., March, 1872. m. m. n. [A poem we clipped from the Burliiig- toit Free Press ten years since, and re- served till we might reach the history of Waterbury, not anticipating any difficulty in finding the author ; but our inquiry is to-day, who wrote it? WATERBURY. DR. C. C. ARMS, [From the Vermont Watchman.] was a physician liere 20 years. He came from Stowe, where he first practiced his profession a short time. He was married not long before coming here, Nov. 16, 1833, to Lucia Mills, born in Windsor, Dec. 5, 1805. They had two daughters and one son, one daughter died in child- hood, one in yonng womanhood. Dr. Arms, Sr., died Apr. 15, 1854, age 51 ; Mrs. Arms Mar. 20, 1882. Mrs. Arms spent the most of her days after her hus- band's death in Waterbury, and left behind her a life marked by a quiet but positive exercise of the cardinal virtues of woman- hood. Her only son. Dr. Charles Carroll Arms, encouraged by his resolute mother, made his way through college, graduating at Dartmouth in the class of '65, acquired his profession, and now in Cleveland, Ohio, sustains a good reputation as a man and a physician. It was his privilege to be with his mother at her death. DR. F. p. DREW, Only son of Dr. Oliver W. Drew — see page 860 — born in Waterbury, pursued classical studies in the University at Bur- lington, and his professional studies in the Medical College at Woodstock, and in the College of Surgeons of New York, where he graduated in the spring of 1857, and in the summer of that year entered upon his profession in Attica, Fountain Co., Ind. ; in the fall of 1859 iTioved to Junction City, Kansas, and continued the practice of his profession nearly 2 years ; was appointed Post Surgeon at Fort Riley, in the dis- charge of which office he continued until his death from pneumonia during the war, we believe, at the age of 35, leaving a young widow. He married Dec, 1861, to Nelly Chaney, of Attica, Ind. The Re- publican C/m'on, Junction, Kansas, said of him at the time of his death : " By several years of medical practice in the vicinity of Junction City and Fort Riley, and as army surgeon at the Fort, he had acquired a high and increasing reputation. To a mind well disciplined by scientific culture, he added the gentle culture and the kind sympathy which flow from a generous heart. His own ease, his health, even, were of no account compared to what he es- teemed the claims of duty to the suffering." His father's death did not occur till some years after that of his son. The fa- ther had three wives ; first, Lucretia Arms, second, Margaret Woodward, third, Olivia L. B. Atherton. The first was the mother of his two children. The family are all now, but the third Mrs. Drew and daugh- ter, Mrs. Wood, dead. BUTLER SKETCHES -CONTINUED. EARLY FAMILIES. We have briefly sketched three or four early families of our town ; if space permit- ted, we might notice some others, perhaps as worthy of such distinction in the Gazet- teer. Without attempting i)articulars in re- gard to most of them. Stiles Sherman had a family of 12 children, several of them died young; only one survives, Mrs. Bebee of Burlington ; she was the youngest daugh- ter. Seth Chandler Sherman was the youngest son. He took the honors of the graduating class of 1829, in the Vt. Uni- versity. A few years after he setttled in Quincy, 111., and lived there many years, and was much respected. He died two or three years since, and with his companion was buried in the same grave. The oldest brother, when young, settled in Central New York. Heman, the next older brother of Chandler, died a few years since in Ogdensburgh, N. Y., and was buried in this, his native town. An older sister mar- ried Elam, a brother of the late Judge Dan Carpenter. He died young, and his widow afterwards married Luther Cleaves. This family consisting of a son, Sherman Car- penter, and two sisters with their parents, moved West many years ago, and lived in, or in the vicinity of St. Louis, where Mrs. Cleaves died perhaps 20 years ago, having lived some years in her second widowhood. Thus might other similarly interesting sketches of families be made. We will only give the names of many, as they oc- cur in our recollection. There were Wil- sons, Perrys, Hills, Parchers, Guptils, Atkins, several families, Cadys, Wrights, 870 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Fisks, Hawleys, Roods, Robbins, Stevens, Austins, Aliens, Scagels, Jones, Parkers, Murrays, Woodward, severallarge families, Greggs, three families. Smiths, two of Pecks, John and Hiram, Henrys, several Shermans, Kneeland, Palmers, Thomp- sons, Richardsons, Georges, Eddys, Bry- ants, Towns and Demmons, and still others whose names were familiar as household words 50 years ago. Of the recent names of business men or others, there are, omitting professionals, Seabury, Selleck, Knight, Wyman, Richardson and Fuller- ton, Arms, Haines, Bruce, Warren, Ran- dall, Brown, Hopkins, Clark and Freeman, Stockwell, Davis, Cooley, Crossetts, Rem- ington, Cole, Atherton, Muzzey, King, Morse, Picketts, Moodys, Evans, Taylors, Griggs, Watts, Collins, Foster, Jackman, and others. LARGE MEN. Some half century and more since, -our town could boast of numbering among its inhabitants several families whose name stood high in the alphabet, but who, in their corporal dimensions, stood quite as high, and in their circular measurements quite respectable ; indeed, they would hardly fall short of the more recent Moody families. The Atkinses were numerous as well as of powerful frames, altitude over 6 feet, weight over 200, and some of them were men of wit, as most were of genial humor and good mental endow- ments. Any jokes at Henry's or Albro's expense were sure to be promptly paid in ready coin. Horace and Henry were carpenters and joiners, and the builders of the first meet- ing house in town. Capt. George, the militia captain, was with his company at the battle of Pittsburgh. David was one of the town officers in early days, and, as well, a good deacon, I doubt not, as he married my father's sister, and belonged to his church. John was a man of some peculiarities ; it was said gathered sap with one pail only, most sugar makers use two if without a team . Jerum Atkins, his son, has a biogra- phy we would take pleasure in giving the reader were it possible to do justice in the brief space allotted to this closing part of the history. Suffice it to say of him, from mere childhood he had a remarkable inclination for mechanism, and soon after developed an inventive genius of superior order. He worked with Henry Carter, a millwright, some years, and went West at about the age of 19, where he became somewhat famous as the inventor of the first grain-raker attachment to McCormick's celebrated reaper. This was an important invention, to the great grain growing region, especially, but owing to want of means, and want of health, he was obliged to di- vide the value of his invention with some one able to manufacture and introduce the raker into market. By injudicious man- agement, after many, had been disposed of, a change of manufacturer ruined the credit of the article, and others took advantage of this mismanagement of his manufacturer and reaped the profits of the invention. The history of Mr. Atkins is too long for these pages, and many interesting particu- lars must be omitted. GEORGE W. RANDALL, was born in Waterbury in 1826. Few men have had more varied experiences, and the events of his youth, and adven- tures in two trips to California have trained him to self-reliance and readiness in emer- gency. From poverty he has risen to wealth, and conducts an extensive business with little help from clerks, tlis farming and lumbering enterprises give employment to many ; and some of his feats in filling orders for dimension timber upon short notice, are surprising. His bills of lum- ber sent to .several different States, amount to many thousands of dollars annually. OUR MERCHANT FIRMS have not very much changed in the last 10 years . I n the te n preceding there were more changes in manufacturing, business and merchant firms. The Colby business, somewhat divided up, a part going to Mont- pelier, a part to the state of Michigan, and a part remaining. Mr. B. F. Goss, who had been a merchant here 20 or 30 years, moved to Vergennes, Mr. J. G. Stimson, who commenced trade here in 1844, went /' WATERBURY. 871 to Norwich, his native town, we think. Both these men were prominent in busi- ness, in politics, and in church, and will long be remembered by]our older citizens. Mr. Goss became very successful in his new business, the manufacture of kaolin, in a town adjoining Vergennes. [See Montpelier, p. 471.] Of business changes at the Centre, we note that of Mr. Stock- well succeeding Mr. Hayes ; Clark and Freeman continue. William Cooley con- tinues his creamery. It would seem hardly excusable in us to pass the names of Messrs. Goss and Stim- son, after their long residence here, and having such social and business relations with us as they had, without somewhat more notice. Both Mr. and Mrs. Goss [Frank Goss, see family of Samuel Goss, history of Montpelier.] were genial in their manners, public spirited, sympathiz- ing in all the vicissitudes of life and liberal to all benevolent enterprises. Mr. Stimson was with us a man thor- oughly schooled in business ; he was in early life, we think, in partnership in trade with Senator Morrill. His oldest son, William, served in the recent war, and has since been in mercantile business in New York. His second son is a doctor in Con- necticut ; third, probably with his parents. The youngest is a missionary in some for- eign land, and is a graduate of Dartmouth ; also a theological graduate. Mr. Stimson has built two stores here, and given much for benevolent objects and the church of which he was a member. THE LAST FIKE IN THIS PLACE, of considerable account, was in the night, of July 27, 187S, in a central part of the vil- lage, when 4 Stores, some of them, in part, occupied as dwellings, were consumed. The owners were M. M. Knight, J. A. Burleigh, F. B. Taylor and M. O. Evans. In the first was a large stock of dry goods ; total losses about $25,000, insured about two-thirds or three-fourths. These stores in 1879 were all replaced by two brick blocks, creditable to the builders and to the village. One of the heaviest individual losses by fire, that ever occurred in our town, was that of Dr. Fales, May 15, 1877. The fire was not discovered till several barns and sheds, with ten or a dozen head of cattle and three or four horses, were past being rescued. The fire rapidly approached the house, and the firemen were unable to save it on account of the insufficient supply of water. This house which had been, for sixty years, one of the most conspicuous in town, has since been replaced by a much more valuable one of brick. Dr. Fales was insured to considerable amount. LONGEVITY. The widow of Judge Carpenter died aged 93 ; a Mrs. Woodward, about 95 ; Elizabeth Corlis, 94; Mr. Heaton, 96; Daniel Stow- ell, about 92 ; John Montgomery, living, 85 ; Enoch Coffran, living, 87 ; Moses Nelson, living, 85 ; Nancy Frink, 86 ; Mrs. Daniels, 89 or 90; Mr Janes died aged 87^ ; Mrs. Janes, 3 months of 82 years ; John Seabury, 87 ; L. Hutchins, about 80. 1880. — Zenas Watts, who has been en- quiring after the ages of the old people in town, says he has learned of 41 persons whose average age is over 83 years. Of this number 5 are females over 90 years. Governor Dillingham is 83 ; John Mellen, 86; Elias Parcher, 86; Mrs. Spelacy, 86; Betsey Brown, 86; Jerry Brown, 82. TOVi^N CLERKS. Ezra Butler, 1790-97, 98, 99, 1800; Ebenezer Reed, 1797; Roswell Wells, 1801-6; Abel Dewolf, 1806; Dan Carpen- ter, 1 807- 1 0-12-29; John Peck, 1810, ii; Paul Dillingham, 1829-44; William Car- penter, 1844-51 ; John D. Smith, 1851-74; Frank N. Smith, 1874-82. THE BANK OF WATERBURY. The act of the Legislature chartering the Bank of Waterbury, was approved Dec. 5, 1853, and the commissioners appointed were : Wm. W. Wells, Paul Dillingham, W. H. H. Bingham, V. W. Waterman, T. P. Redfield, Rolla Gleason and Dan. Richardson. The bank commenced busi- ness Apr. 18, 1854, with the following di- rectors : Leander Hutchins, Paul Dilling- ham, Wm. W. Wells, Orrin Perkins and V. W. Waterman ; Leander Hutchins, 8/2 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. president, and Samuel H. Stowell, cashier ; paid up capital, $80,000. At different times the following persons were elected directors to succeed others resigned, etc. : Samuel Merriam, B. F. Goss, J. H. Has- tings, A. R. Camp, H. A. Hodges, O. W. Drew, C. N. Arms and Healy Cady. Benj. H. Dewey succeeded S. H. Stowell as cashier, Mar. 6, 1856, and served until May I, 1865, when James K. FuUerton was appointed. Sept. i, 1865, the bank re-organized under the National Bank Act as the Waterbury National Bank, with a paid up capital of $100,000, divided into 2, 500 shares of $40 each. Officers: Leander Hutchins, president; James K. FuUerton, cashier ; directors, Leander Hutchins, Paul Dillingham, O. W. Drew, J. H. Hastings, H. A. Hodges, C. N. Arms and Healy Cady. Mr. Hutchins served as president until Jan. 13, 1874, when, declining a fur- ther election, Paul Dillingham was chosen. Mr. FuUerton was cashier until Apr. i, 1870, when Curtis Wells was appointed. At different elections the following persons were chosen to fill vacancies in the board of directors : Nathaniel Moody, Wm. P. Dillingham and W. H. H. Bingham, and Jan. 9, 1877, Wm. P. Dillingham was elected vice president. At the present time the capital of the bank is $100,000 ; surplus fund, $30,000; number of stockholders, 138. W. p. DILLINGHAM. WATERBURY MEN ABROAD. Waterbury has sent many of her sons, or of her former residents, to other states. A few of them merit some mention. Two assisted in forming the constitution of Wisconsin, George Scagel and George Gale, both natives of this town. Mr. Gale founded a village and a university, and was a judge of one of the higher courts. S. C. Sherman was many years a prom- inent citizen of Qnincy, 111. Several have been among the comparatively early cit- izens of Chicago, and some have long been residents in Louisiana. Our boys may be found in various parts of New York state and in the city, in most, or all of the New England states, in Ohio, Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, California, and other states in every direction, many of them being suc- cessful farmers, merchants, doctors, min- isters, lawyers, editors, inventors and man- ufacturers, and, indeed, in most avoca- tions of life, Waterbury is represented creditably abroad as well as at home. MRS. FANNIK BUTLER JANES, widow of the late Hon. Henry F. Janes, died in Waterbury, Nov. 5, 1881. She was the daughter of Governor Ezra Butler, the first permanent settler in Waterbury, born Feb. i, 1800, in the house on the Burlington road, now occupied by E. H. Wells. There in her childhood davs she had given refreshment to the soldiers going to the battle of Plattsburg, and her ears had listened to the cannon thunder of that combat. Before her father's door Gov- ernor Van Ness had halted to introduce LaFayette. In 1826, she married Mr. Janes. In sight of her birthplace, beneath the shade of the two great elms on the site of her son's new residence, their mar- ried life was wholly spent. The great elms were little trees then, a child could clasp them. She passed her declining years peacefully with her son, Dr. Henry Janes, and a brother, Russell Butler, Esq., survives her. In these centennial years we think our nation is growing old until we stand by the graves of the aged ; then we are impressed with our country's youth, for how much of its history one such life can span ! THE STAR OF NATIONS, Is the title to an unfinished religious poem of length, that Mrs. Julia Wallace Hutch- ins has long had under way : O, Morning Star, in tlie Old World's east, Bevoud tlie storm-cloud's wreatli, Wlien tlie tliunder lowers on the Himalay, And tlie earthquake sleeps beneatli, How dark would be the coining hour, Th}' single ray withdrawn, Till the thunder wake, till the tempest break. In the day of Esdrajlon; Till the rocks be rent, and the wrath is spent, O, Star of Hope, shine on. J. M w. The space is filled left for Waterbury, it was thought we would only have material for, when our compositors had set all the copy in, and had to enter Woodbury ; but we will give, in 3d appendix later, a few more papers received since, than can be entered here. WOODBURY. 873 WOODBURY. 14Y HON. FEUNANDO C. I'UTNAM. The early history of Woodbury is some- what obscure from the' absence of any re- cord of its organization. In 1804, there was a deed recorded by Wm. West, town clerk, by which it may be inferred that the town had been organized. First settlement was commenced in the east part of the town, and settlements were continued to the east and southern parts of the town several years, — or until 1809 or 10, when Nehemiah and Nathan Jack- son, two strong, athletic men, moved from Randolph, and settled on the west side of the mountain. The first saw-mill was built in the south part of the town, near the Sabin pond, on a stream running from Dog pond. Soon after, there was a saw and grist-mill built half a mile south of the Center, on a stream running from Long pond . Polly Sabin was the first female child born in town, Frederick Ainsworth the first male child. Wm. West was doubtless the first town clerk, and one of the first justices of the peace; Elisha Benjamin the first representative. Comfort Wheeler, settler and Revo- lutionary soldier, little is known of his early life, or when he was engaged in the service of his country ; but it is told of him when recruiting service was going on in Massachusetts, he was considered quite too small to enter the army, but securing a block, he placed himself in the midst of the crowd on this, and when the recruiting officer observed him, he said of the boy, if he had so much energy as that, he would take him. His last years were made com- fortable by a pension. Capt. Joel Celley among the early settlers, a man of energy and persevering effort, did much to give character to the town ; was representative several years, and held many town offices. He was a shrewd farmer, and was reported to have one of the best farms in the county. Jabez Town came here when the town was yet young, and resided for years in a log-house, and maintained his family by hard labor ; was a shoemaker, and made boots of a superior quality, which afforded him some income ; but after the invention of a last-machine by his son, Abner Town, yet a minor, the sales of his lasts gave him a good income, which furnished him ample means for the remainder of his life. CHARTER. August 16, 1781, the Legislature of Ver- mont granted a charter of the town of Woodbury to William Lyman, Esq., and Col. Ebenezer Wood, and their associ_ates as follows : Joshua L. Woodbridge, Seth Murray, Elihu Murray, Israel Chapin, John Stone, Benjamin Sheldon, Samuel Cooke, Elisha Porter, John C. Williams, Thomas Hunt, Nathaniel Edwards, Ezra Phillips, Nahum Edgar, Asahel Pomeroy, Park Woodward, John Woodward, Asa Woodward, William Potter, Benedict Eggleston, Thos. Wood- ward, Joseph Clark, Henry Champion, Jr., Epaphroditus Champion, Thomas Miller, Joel Day, Anne Hathaway, William Gould, Nathaniel Chipman, Stephen Pearl, Joseph Jay, Thomas Tolman, Oliver Wright, Daniel Wright, Samuel Clark, Stephen Jen- kins, Zebina Curtiss, Abel Adams, Moses Gifford, Thomas Chittenden, Timothy BrownsOn, John Fassett, Jr., Noble Ever- ett, Jonathan Brace, Gustavus Walbridge, Rodolphus Walbridge, Caleb Benjamin, John Knickerbocker, Daniel Benjamin, Howel Woodbridge, Samuel Bishop, Noah Smith, Daniel Smith, Israel Smith, Chloe Smith, Simeon Hathaway, Shadrack Hath- away, Jale Hathaway, Jonathan Burrill, Enoch Woodbridge, John Burnham, Timo- thy FoUett, Silas Robinson. A copy of the charter and original grantees was obtained from the State rec- ords as recorded in the first Book of Char- ters of Lands, pages 166, 169, dated at Montpelier, "31st day of May, A. D. 1805." Signed by David Wing, Jr., Sec- retary of State. Certified as follows : " This may certify that the above and foregoing is a true Copy of the Original Charter of Woodbury. Attest, Eliph. Huntington, Proprietors' Clerk." 874 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. This town was called Woodbury, for the name of Col. Ebenezer Wood, one of the original proprietors. The first action of the original proprie- tors was to lay out the town into three di- visions, of which there is no record of the time, or by whom it was done, as will appear, as the notice of the first meeting of the proprietors was signed by Reuben Blanchard, a justice of the peace of Peach- am, dated Aug. 8, 1804, to be held at the dwelling-house of Daniel Smith, in Wood- bury, Oct. 8th, after. At said meeting Daniel Smith was chosen proprietors' clerk, and it was voted to lay out the whole of the undivided lands into lots of 100 acres each, in the same form in which the first division was laid, and John W. Chandler and James Whitelaw were chosen a com- mittee to make said allotment. The above meeting A^as adjourned to Nov. 20, and again adjourned to May 25, 1805, when Eliphalet Huntington was chosen proprie- tors' clerk ; Daniel Smith having previously moved out of town ; and it was voted to accept the plan and field book of the west- erly part of the town reported by their committee, and it was voted to assess a tax of $2.60 on the 2d and 3d division rights, to defray the expenses of sui-veying and lotting the 2d and 3d division of said town, and other incidental expenses, and Jonathan Elkins, Esq., was chosen col- lector. This meeting adjourned to June 4th, following. At this time the allotment of the 2d and 3d division having been completed, Mary Kenaston, an indifferent person, was chosen to draw the lots of said divisions; James Whitelaw, Esq., was chosen a committee to look up and procure the records of the former proceedings of the proprietors of Woodbury relative to their former divisions. Notice of the next meeting was signed by Jabez Bigelow, a justice of the peace of Ryegate, dated July 26, 1805, to be holden on the first day of October, following ; at said meeting, the proprietors' clerk reported that the original plan and draft of the first division of lots in the town of Woodbury cannot be found, though considerable pains had been taken to obtain the same, and a new one was submitted and accepted, and it was voted " that it shall hereafter ever be considered the draft of the said first division as be- fore stated." Jonathan Elkins, Esq., of Peacham, was appointed collector to collect the $2.60 on each right of the 2d and 3d division, unless paid immediately to him at Peacham, the same would be sold at public auction for said tax and costs, which sale was at the dwelling-house of Joshua Kenaston's in Woodbury, on the first day of October, A. D. 1805 ; attested by Jon- athan Elkins, Jr., collector. At this .sale John W. Chandler of Peacham, purchased about 50 lots for the sum of $3.32 per lot, being the amount of the tax and costs which he and his heirs have since sold from $50 to $200 per lot ; the aforesaid first division was surveyed by one Cham- berlain into lots of 100 acres each, being in all 91 lots, commencing to number at the S. E. corner of the town, counting east and west, each lot being known by its number and survey. The balance of said town was surveyed by Nathan Janes, being designated as " Janes' survey," containing 133 lots of 100 acres, each commencing to number at the S. E. corner of the 2d and 3d division, counting east and west, same as in the first division. The first settler in the town was Gideon Sabin, who located in the east part, in the year 1795, or '96, and was followed the same year by Joseph Carr, and soon after by William West, all locating in the east- erly part of the town ; and according to the best information to be obtained, the next who located in town was in the year 1801, when Benjamin Ainsworth and John Bettis located in the south part of the town. The first 12 settlers are as follows : Gideon Sabin, Joseph Carr, Wm. West, Benjamin Ainsworth, John Bettis, Ephraim Ainsworth, Thomas Ainsworth, Ezekiel Ball, Daniel Rugg, Ferdinand Perry, Daniel Smith, and Samuel Mackres. The first town meeting on record was Mar. 4, 1806, when said officers were chos- en: moderator, Samuel Mackres; Wm. West, town clerk and treasurer ; select- men, Samuel Mackres, Joshua Kenaston, and Smith Ainsworth; constable, Benja- WOODBURY. 875 min Ainsworth ; listers, David Rugg, Josh- ua Kenastonand Smith Ainsworth ; grand- juror, Joshua Kenaston. At a subsequent meeting, there was a committee appointed to look up the early records of the town ; but their labors were unavailing, and they were discharged, The oldest deed now on our records is dated Oct. 10, 1804, attested by Wm. West, town clerk. The first birth in Woodbury was Polly Sabin ; the second, Timothy Thomas ; the third, Peter Sabin. The first death, that of an infant child of Gideon Sabin. The first grown person dying in town was the wife of Ezekiel Ball. The first mar- riage was John Thomas to Ruamy Ains- worth, married by William West, Esq., justice of the peace. The first settlements being made on the east side of the town, adjoining Cabot, the inhabitants went there to get their logs sawed and grain ground, and also their store goods and mail, and which has been continued to the present time, it being their nearest business place ; but soon after settlements were commenced in the south part of the town. In 1806, Anthony Bur- gess built a saw-mill on a stream which has its rise, or is the outlet of Dog pond, and empties into Sabin's pond, this mill being near the pond. This stream is about 3 miles in length. For many years there has been 4 saw-mills on it, all kept in run- ning order. In 1818, Phineas K. Dow built a saw and grist-mill near the center of the town, on a stream which has its rise in Long pond, emptying into the Sabin pond, near the other, which mill under his supervision did a fair business many years. He also built, soon after, a saw-mill on a stream running from East Long pond in- to Nichols pond. Some portion of the time since there has been 10 saw-mills, which number is now reduced to 6, three of them recently built on improved plans. There is one grist-mill, which is located at South Woodbury. There are in town a wheelwright shop, which has an enviable reputation, doing a successful business, sales amounting to near $10,000 per an- num ; a sash, blind and door shop, and a last-factory, the latter having been estab- lished nearly 50 years, is now doing a good business — the best ever done, employing both steam and water power. There are also 3 lumber mills, which do an extensive business, one at the Centre, one at South Woodbury village, and one in the east part of the town ; also, at So. Woodbury there is a machine shop, which manufactures J. W. Town's patent last-machines, also job work on a small scale. SCHOOLS. The first school taught in the town of Woodbury was by Sally White, in the year 1808. The first record we find was in 181 2, when three districts, which had been formed out of the new territory, and were desig- nated as the northwest, southeast, and northeast school districts ; but there had been short terms of school before this date in all of these districts, commencing at the northeast district, now No. i ; this portion of the town being first settled ; next southeast, No. 2 ; northwest, No. 4. There was in 18 12, in district 3, T}, schol- ars ; in 1820, dist. 6, 176; 1830, dist. 9, 299; 1840, dist. 11,363: 1850, dist. 11^, (fractional dist.,) 350; i860, dist. 11,330; 1870, dist. 10, 308. Six of the districts have good school- houses built upon improved plans ; ^some very recently, others have have been re- paired, so that they are comfortable. SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENTS. F. C. Putnam, Jason Hatch, A. W. Nel- son, Sidney O. Wells, Hiram Wells, Albert P. Town, Rufus Lawson. REPRESENTATIVES . Elisha Benjamin, 1812; no record in town or House Journal, 1813 ; John Bruce, 18 14, 15, 16; Nathan B. Harvey, 1817; Benjamin Fowler, 1818, 19, 23, ,24, 25, 27, 28; Joel Celley, 1820, 21, 22, 26, 29, 30; Ebenezer Bruce, 1831 to 35, 38; Luther Morse, 1835 ; Asaph Town, 1836, yj , 55 ; Abner Town, 1839, 4°' 45 ! ^'"'^ McLoud, 1841, to 45, 46, 52 ; Michael Jackson, 1847, 48; Benjamin Wells, 1849, 50; Stephen C. Burnham, 1851, 53; Isaac Wells, Jr., 876 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. 1854, 56; Hiram Putnam, 1857, 58; Orson Putnam, 1859, 60; J. W. Town, 1861, 62; Allen W. Nelson, 1863, 64; Joel C. Har- vey, 1S65; Roland B. Bruce, 1866; Al- pheus S. Wheatle}', 1867, 68; Nathaniel C. McKniglit, 1869, 70, 71 ; Sidney O. Wells, 1872, 72>- TOWN CLERKS FROM 1806 tO 1 872. William West, 1806-10; Joshua Kenas- ton, 1810, II, 13, 14"; Elisha Benjamin, 1812, 15; Jabez Town, 1816, 17, 18, 19- 23, 25-32; Nathan B. Harvey, 1818; Joel Celley, 1823, 24; Asaph Town, 1832-49; William McGregor, 1849-52; Allen W. Nelson, 1852 to the present time, Dec, 1872. First Justices of the Peace : Wil- liam West, Daniel Smith, Samuel Mackers. postmasters. Woodbury: Daniel Poor, Elias S. Drew, John B. Bliss, Asa Preston, William B. McGregor, Abner Town, A. W. Nelson, Ethan N. Ainsworth and Albert P. Town. South Vlu-iodbnry: Joel W. Celley and Orwell D. Town. COUNTY OFFICERS. Ebenezer Bruce, assistant judge, W. Co. Court, 1844, 45 ; Ira McLoud, high sheriff, W. Co. Court, 1849, 51 ; Asaph Town, senator, W. Co., 1851,52; Fer- nando C. Putnam, assistant justice, W. Co. Court, 1867, 68. In Jan., 1876, there was formed a Con- gregational church of 28 members, the present membership of which is 54. It seems to promise well for the future, and there is a flourishing Sabbath school con- nected with it. At South Woodbury there has been a union church built, an elegant building, but the same difficulty hangs over this that has troubled the builders of other churches, there remains a troublesome debt on the builders. There is no library in town, but the town has paid considerable attention to education. There are many good school- houses, and teachers of the better class are generally employed. Three young men have graduated from Burlington: Hon. Charles H. Heath, a lawyer in Montpelier, and Ernest C. Ben- jamin, a teacher of the high school in Bar- ton. Geo. W. Kenaston, who graduated at Dartmouth, is in Ohio, engaged in teaching. FREEWILL BAPTISTS. It appears the first settlers were Freewill Baptists, and were connected with a church in Cabot until 1820, or 22, when through the efforts of Elder Ziba Woodworth, of Montpelier, they had a church formed in town. David Herrick and wife, Elisha Benjamin and wife, Mrs. Robert Bradish, Gideon Burnham and wife, Thomas Ains- worth and wife, John Bettis and wife, Mrs. John Thomas, Nathan Jackson and wife, and Nehemiah Jackson and wife were the principal members, located in different parts of the town. There were two dea- cons, David Herrick and Nehemiah Jack- son. The church was re-organized about 1850; most of the old members having now died or moved away. Elder Isaac Swan was settled as their pastor. I will mention here the names of Elder Gideon Sabin and Elder Ephraim Ainsworth, who are said to have been of that .faith ; but Elder Sabin never united with the church, and Elder Ainsworth died before the church was organized. Elder Sabin was the first settler and first preacher. Elder Ainsworth was well advanced in life when he came; but both lived out their alloted time, and died in the town. METHODISTS. In 1 81 6 there was a class formed by Elder Amasa Cole ; John Goodell and wife, Capt. Joel Celley and wife, Anna Goodell, and Squire Jennings and wife were some of the members ; but the first record proof is found in I847, when the first class num- bered 26 members ; the West Woodbury class, 10. John Tibbetts was leader, and Asaph To\vn, Esq., steward, which office he held until his death, in Jan. 1871. CHRISTIAN CHURCH. The first church of this order in these parts seems to have been composed of members from four towns, Cabot, Marsh- field, Calais and Woodbury, and was organ- WOODBURY. 877 ized about 1820, with 40 or 50 members, and in a few years run up to 60 or 70. Meetings were held a share of the time in Woodbury, Elder John Capron, of Marsh- field, J. R. Pettengill and R. Thompson being the first preachers. Subsequently, through the efforts of Elder Samuel Thur- ber, a church was formed in town whose members exceed that of either of the other churches. The meetings of the first church were held at the dwelling-house of Thos. Harvey, he and his wife being prominent members ; afterwards, meetings were held at the Harvey school-house, which is in the east part of the town, and where the members nearly all resided. Elder Orrin Davis, of Calais, has preached a portion of the time for several years since to this society : also Elder Silas Wheelock, of the same town, has supplied the desk some, but for the last 4 years, Elder Jerome D. Bailey, resident of this town, has preached at the town-house and Harvey school-house from one-fourth to three- fourths of the time. In 1826, the Freewill Baptists numbered at least 40 members, and at the same time the Methodists numbered about half the above numbers. Within the recollection of the writer, there have been four distinct organizations of religious societies in town, viz. : Chris- tians, Freewill Baptists, Methodists and Universalists. In 1810, there was a revival in this town, but no very definite information can be obtained in regard to its extent. In 182 1, or 1822, there was a general revival, prayer- meetings being held in nearly every house in town. Again in i'826, of some magni- tude, and in 1842 and '43, a very general one spread over this town, as it did all over this section of the State. The exact number of converts at any of the above revivals is not known to the writer. SABBATH-SCHOOLS.' The first was organized in 1842, with a library of ,124 volumes, and Asaph Town was the first superintendent ; Arad Jack- son, John Voodry, Willard Streeter, Eliza Town, Phebe Town, Betsey Herrick, Dorcas A. Lyford, first teachers, with 36 scholars ; Asaph Town, chairman, David Herrick, Jr., secretary, Curtis Osgood, treasurer. A Sabbath-school was organized at the center of the town in 1848 ; Albert?. Town, present superintendent ; volumes in library, 200 ; 6 teachers and 30 scholars. The first Sabbath-school at East Wood- bury was organized in 1838; Wm. Harvey superintendent, until his death in 1843. It was re-organized in 1865 ; Lewis Hop- kins superintendent. The school has con- tinued until the present time, '71, with an average of 35 to 40 scholars, the present superintendent being Thomas Harvey, Jr. But little, however, will be said of churches, as I have no records to refer to, and the history of church edifices in this town does not embrace a very remote period. From the early days, meetings have been held here in school-houses, four or five of which were quite commodious. In the year 1840, the town built a town- hall or town-house, which has been used for holding meetings up to the present time. In 1870, the people here thought well to erect a church, and through the influence of several of our best inhabi- tants, a subscription paper was circulated, and a Union church society formed, with F. C. Putnam president, and S. O. Wells secretary, and a capital stock of $5,000. At the first society meeting, Henry C. Wells, Ira G. Jewell and Edmund E. Ball were chosen building committee, and m the spring of 1871, work was commenced on the church, which is now completed, at a cost of $6,000. In size the church is 44x60, with projections in front and rear for spire and pulpit, and is finished inside with ash and black walnut, the 54 slips, circular, radiating from the pulpit, and will seat 324 persons. The spire is 120 feet high, surmounted by cardinal points and vane. The edifice is called one of the best wooden churches of its size in the State. It has also a vestry, with chairs to seat 3C0 persons, and seats that will swell the amount to probably 500 persons. It is located in the village of South Wood- VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. bury, and makes a very respectable addi- tion to the appearance of this quiet village. The township is diversified and some- what broken. In the western part there is a mountain range, commencing in Calais, extending through the town, and ending near the Lamoille river in Hard wick. On the western slope of this mountain there are many productive farms. The soil is good, and produces excellent crops of hay and all the small grasses and corn in favor- able seasons. There is a beauty in this mountain range which attracts the notice of the passing stranger ; some, if report be true, who have traveled in Europe say there is a striking resemblance to Switzerland scenery. The mountain is not so high as to make it dif- ficult of ascent, yet sufficiently high to show what mighty throes there must have been in the bowels of the earth to cast up such vast piles of massive rocks. In win- ter, the evergreens standing in mantle of snow, give it a sombre appearance ; in summer, the green verdure, stretching out green branches by interlocking them, seem to strive to cover up the craggy rocks ; but when autumn comes, and frosts nip the verdure, and the mountain's brow is re- splendant in a pleasing variety of colors, who has a taste for the beautiful cannot fail of emotions of pleasure ; but where this beauty is mirrored by a pond, sleeping in quiet at its base, it is delightful, and the longer any one gazes, in a clear, autumnal day, the more he is enchanted ; few objects in nature can surpass the beauty of this. Two miles east of this range, there is an- other mountain standing alone, called Rob- inson mountain, and sometimes Foster mountain, because an enterprising farmer of that name felled the huge trees which cov- ered it, and converted it into a luxurious pasture. This mountain is rich in granite and talcose slate, the granite preponder- ing. For centuries has the gray old moun- tain rested in quiet, but it is expected the quiet will soon be disturbed by the rattle of the machinery hammers of the work- men, who have begun the business of re- ducing some of this vast pile of rocks to such forms as are required for monuments and other purposes for which granite is used. The quality of the granite has been ascertained to be superior, as it is free from all foreign substances which causes some of the State granite to change its color when exposed to atmospheric influ- ence and moisture. From the base of the mountain are scattered for miles around large and small boulders with the corners worn off, exhibiting the mighty force which must have been in exercise to have tum- bled them along, and an annoyance to the ploughman ; but the land makes excellent and enduring pasturage, as well as pro- ducing abundant crops of hay. In some sections of the town there is good and pro- ductive land, which well repays the tillers' toil, and those owning these lands have generally secured an ample supply of this world's goods. There are some 23 ponds, large and small, in this township, most of which were well supplied with trout, which were the first settlers' pork barrel. And when they wearied of trout, the deer and moose offered an agreeable change, or an oc- casional round of bear meet ; for bears, too, would sometimes come forth from their re- treats to feast on the yellow corn and fat mutton. Bears love good mutton, but frequently they paid for the temerity by stepping into a huge steel trap which was sure to hold them, or coming in range of a gun so placed when they came in contact with a line attached, it would explode, and instead of a square meal of corn, the brute, unconscious of his danger, would yield his flesh and pelt to repay the debt he owed for corn. And about these ponds and streams there was then an abundance of animals whose pelts were secured for furs. Col. Jonathan Elkins, mentioned in the history of Peacham, and the famous Indian Joe, spoken of in the history of some of tlie towns, were often hunting on these grounds for beaver, otter, mink, muskrat, sable, and an animal called by the inhabitants fisher-master, or black cat, from its color. Those employed in build- ing dams, might take a lesson from our beaver dams, some of them still stand- ing, notwithstanding the ingenious build- WOODBURY. 879 ers have long since ceased to make re- pairs. The first settlers in town were : Joseph Carr and Gideon Sabin. Reports vary as to this, some saying they came to- gether ; others, that Joseph Carr came first, felled the first trees, and was subsequently joined by Gideon Sabin, who was a mighty hunter, before whose unerring aim the game was quite sure to fall. His was a complex character, composed of the qual- ities of hunter, preacher and farmer. The early settlers have often heard his stento- rian voice when he called his faithful dogs. Hunting was his delight as long as he was able to pursue. Reynard, deer and bear have often been bagged by him. REVOLUTIONARY SOLDIERS. There were three Revolutionary soldiers who made their homes here, whose last years were made comfortable from the pension bestowed on them by government, which were richly deserved for the toils and sufferings of those early days, for which they were paid in continental money which became worthless. JOSEPH BLANCHARD was born in Concord, N. H., where his ancestors resided, and where, when the dark clouds of despotism were hanging like a gathering storm over this country, the patriotism of young Blanchard com- pelled him to enter the ranks of those who went forth to protect their dearest rights from being snatched from them. He was for years in those stirring scenes which called for men of true worth to fight the battles of liberty, and his mind formed in the positive school of the times, when a tory was the object of extreme hatred, led him to be most decided in his likes and dislikes. He was a fast friend or a bitter foe ; a man of a large heart and a quiet disposition, but when roused by opposi- tion to some of his cherished views, the spirit of early life developed itself strongly. He left a n.umerous progeny, a very large proportion of whom have well sustained the character of their progenitors in in- tegrity and uprightness. DAVID RUGG came into town when it was yet almost an unbroken wilderness, and made a home for himself and family. He also went forth early at his country's call, and con- tinued during the war of the Revolution. He was at the battle of Bunker Hill, and among those behind the breastwork made of rail fence and newly-mown grass. He said he was near Gen. Putnam during the fight, who encouraged his men by some of his oflf-hand speeches, and they, partaking of his spirit, fought with desperation. When Washington took command of the forces, he was still in the service, and when Arnold was about to betray West Point, he was called with a few others to skirmish with the vessel which brought Andre on his mission to purchase West Point of the traitor Arnold, and when they were about to fire from the ship, he, with his fellows, retreated behind a large pine tree standing on the shore. On that cold, stormy night, when Washington and his division were enabled to cross the Dela- ware and march to Trenton, Mr. Rugg was among his soldiers who went forth from their gloomy abodes to victory ; and when the storm of war was gathering about Yorktown, he was still in the army of Washington, and witnessed his final departure from his disbanded army, and returned to Massachusetts, and gave his last $70 of the depreciated currency of the time for a mug of flip. His pension came just in time to save him, whose early life had been devoted to the service of his country, from a pauper's home, and saw him standing in all the dignity of the true patriot and conquerer. LONGEVITY OF WOODBURY. Persons iv/io have died of 70 years and ■upwards. Gideon Sabin, age 74, Lucy Sabin 82, Comfort Wheeler 91, David Chase 71, Caleb Putnam 86, Susannah Putnam 94, Silas Chase 70, Sarah Chase 70, Eleareda Blake 76, Nancy Ainsworth 74, Jeremiah Blake 93, his wife 88, Abram Hinkson 89, Acsah Hinkson 81, Daniel Smith 90, Nancy Smith 80, Ezra Chase 79, Oliver King 78, VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Sarah King 80, Anna Ellis 89, Joseph Blanchard ^T, Phebe Blanchard 72, Phebe Celley 72. Elias Heath 71, Lucy Heath 71, Mark Nelson 85, Sarah Nelson 81, Isaac Hill Ti, Katherine Hill 86, John Cristy -]"], Lambert Sprague 83, William Celley 79, Isaac Wells 74, Mariah Daniels 70, Daniel Haskell 'j'})^ Daniel Lawson 84, Jabez Town 81, Lucy Town 78, James Nelson 76, Apollos Wheeler 91, Hannah Wheeler 70, Calvin Ball 70, Amos Lakeman 88, Luther Ball 75, Joseph Morse 83, Kent Drown 80, David Colwell 83, Elizabeth Colwell 81, Lucy Buzzell 89, James Wheeler 'J'},, Han- nah Wheeler ']'] , Rufus Wheeler 70, John Goodell 87, Jonathan Lawson 74, wife 70, Simeon Chase 93, Elias Heath 78, Simeon Edson 78, Nehemiah Jackson 79, Mary Jackson 82, Thomas Bradish 71, Hannah Bradish 80, Robert Bradish 83, Abigail Bradish 81, Martin Lawson 76, Samuel Burnham 86, Mary Burnham 86, Aaron Powers 80, John Thomas 85, Rueamy Thomas 87, Ephraim Ainsworth 84, wife 84, John Baptist 100, Eunice Baptist 91, Thomas Ainsworth 91, Hannah Ainsworth 81, James Alexander 90, Amy Alexander 70, David Rugg 100, Lucy Rugg 80, Ferdinand Perry 90, Thomas Ainsworth 81, Caleb Noyes 75, Jacob Bedell 76, Thomas Bedell 80, Benjamin Smith 80, Holden Wilbur 80, Joseph Carr 80, Nancy Carr 80, Samuel Mackrus 80, Hyranus Farr 70, Sally Batchelder 85, John Weeks 87, Phebe Hopkins 75, William Keniston 72, Thomas Harvey 86, Schuyler Wells 76, Isaac Wells 92, Nathan Jackson •]•], Eliza- beth Jackson 86, Gideon Burnham ']'], Susannah Burnham 88, Sarah Cudworth 70, John L. Bruce 75, Sylvester Jennings 84, Sally Rideout 80, Willard RideoutSs, Sally Danforth 80, Eliza Danforth 84, Benjamin Barrett 93, Jacob Grossman "j"] , Asa Phelps 80, Maria Bliss 81. MILITARY RECORD OF THE TOWN OF WOODBURY. SOLDIERS OF lS6l — 65. NaiiK'S. Ainsworth, Albert Ainsworth, Alfred Ainsworth, Henry A. Ainsworth, Wm. VV. Ainsworth, Llewellyn M. Ainsworth, Eugene D. Ainsworth, Jefferson Ainsworth, Ira Barrett, Ira Barrett, Cephas T. Barrett, Geor2;e Bill, Silas Burnham, Horace Bigelow, George Bailey, Nathaniel Brown, Elijah S. Blake, Stephen D. Burnham, Edwin Bliss. Warren E. Batchelder, Ira F. Batchelder, Alonzo J. Bruce, Horatio I. Batchelder, Nathan E. Burnham, Albert Bailey, Fdwin M. Blake, Maranda R. Barrett, Benjamin J. Bedell, John P. Benjamin, Thomas W. Barrett, Levi Bailey, Richard M. Barrett, Charles A. J. Barrett, Geo. W. BY 0. D . TOWN Reg. Co. • Elll stecL 6 G Oct 261 x Bat. 9I Aug June 2264 1662 do Dec 1863 IX L Dec 2163 II I Nov 23 63 8 F 4 E 5 E Mar Feb Dec 17 05 7 61 2 F May 20 61 8 E De6 16 61 9 I C Cav. 6 H 4 H 2 F II I do July Jan July Aug May Dec Nov I 62 4 64 II 63 ^i 61 761 2363 4 G II I Sept Aug 4 61 462 4H Mar 562 S S 4H do 13 H 2 Bat. Sept Sept Sept Aug Nov 2761 761 761 19 62 21 61 F Cav. Dec 1663 II I Aug Dec 19 61 362 8 E Dec 18 61 9 I Dec II 61 8 E Dec 2 61 II I Aug 1564 Remarks. Discharged July 25, 62. Mustered out May 17, 65. Corpora! ; Mustered out June 13, 65. Mustered out June 13, 65. Corporal ; Mustered out Mar. i, 65. Mustered out June 24, 65. do do 25, 65. do July 13, 65. Corporal ; Killed June 14, 63. Discharged Mar. 27, 62. Mustered out June 28, 65. Corporal ; Discharged May 15, 64. do Mustered out Aug. 9, 65. Mustered out July 15, 65. Killed May 15,64"^, Died Feb. 3, 63. Mustered out June 24, 65. Corporal ; Mustered out June 24, 65. Sergeant; Mustered out July 13, 65. Mustered out June 24, 65. Re-enlisted, Mustered out July 13, 65. Died of wounds June 21, 64. Mustered out Sept 30, 64. Re-enlisted, Mustered out July 13, 65. Mustered out July 21, 63. 2d Lieut. ; hon. discharged Mar 3, 65. Died Sept 13 64. Re-enlisted, Mustered out Jan 29, 65. Mustered out Jan 24, 65. Died October 4, 63. Mustered out May 31, 65. Discharged Sept 14, 62. Mustered out June 24, 65. WOODBURY. ;i Names. Res- Cd. Batchelder, Frank 4 E Batchelder, John D. ill Batchelder, Charles M. do Bigclow, Rufus 8 E Bigelow, John B. 6 H Bancroft, Chas. F. 4 H Batchelder, Ziba 3 H Clapp, Oliver 1 1 L Collins, Thomas 11 I Cud worth, Edwin 13 H Cudworth, Franklin 4 11 Cameron, Araph P. 11 A Carr, Harlow 9 I Celley, Edwin H. 2 H Cole, Joseph B. 13 H Carr, Chester 1 1 I Cameron, Clerren 1 1 H Carr, Samuel B. ill Danforth, Francis 11 I Drenon, John S. 11 L ])ow, William II. 3 H Drenon, Frank J. 1 1 L Eastman, Horace B. 3 G Eastman, Gibson 11 I Eastman, Merrill Y. 3 G Eastman, Curtis O. 11 I Farnsworth, Cyrus 4 H Farnsworth, Nathaniel L. 4 H Fisk, Elisha C. 11 A Farr, Benjamin A. 1 1 E Farr, Wm. Hyranus 3 G Graves, Hiram 2 K Goodell, Lewis 11 I Goodell, Henry 2 D Goodell, Lewis F. 2 C Goodell, Tohn A. 8 E Goodell, Wm. M. 11 I Goodell, Leroy do Goodell, Henry M. do Hall, Horace 6 G Hall, Aaron P. 2D Hall, James K. do Hall, Marvin J. do Holmes, Horace B. 2 H Holmes, Almon H. 3 K Holmes, George P. 8 E Holmes, Ira do Hammond, Chas. E. ^5 ^ Haskell, Landas W. 11 I Hopkins, Daniel E. 2 Bat. Hinkson, Ezra A. 4 G Holmes, Clark J. 11 I Hopkins, Charles 4 H Hopkins, Wm. J. 9 I Holmes, Lyman B. 3 K Jackson, Marcus N. ill Jackson, Orra W. do Jackson, Samuel do King, David G. 8 E Labarron Frank 8 E Laird, John ' 4 H Lawson, Norman C. 2 H Leonard, Orlando L. 4 G Ladd, James 4 B Lyford, J. Monroe C Cav. Laird, Lemuel 4 H Lyford, Aura 3 K Lawson, Truman 11 I Enlisted. Feb I 65 Nov 21 61 Dec 5 63 Mar 6 65 July 2561 Sept 61 July 3 61 May 23 63 Aug 13 62 Aug 19 62 Sept 4 61 Aug 9 62 May 30 62 July 25 63 Sept 7 62 Aug 1 1 62 Aug 9 62 Nov 30 63 Aug 1 1 62 July 1 1 62 June 1 1 61 May 14 63 June I 61 Aug 6 62 June II 61 Aug 862 Dec II 63 Aug 25 61 Aug 7 62 Feb Dec Dec Nov May July Feb Dec Dec 1465 7 61 1463 21 63 7 61 2563 14 65 8 63 563 July 15 62 Oct 3 61 May 9 61 Aug 7 62 Aug II 62 Aug 20 61 July 10 61 Nov 29 61 Dec 7 61 Sept 7 62 June 31 62 Dec 2 61 Sept 4 61 July 19 62 Aug 29 61 May 29 62 July 10 61 Nov 22 63 Dec I 63 Dec I 63 Dec 7 61 Apr 22 64 Sept 24 61 Aug 21 61 Aug 22 6i Aug 22 61 Sept 12 61 Mar 62 July 10 61 Dec I 61 Renjjirks. Mustered out July i. 65. Died Feb 27, 64. Mustered out June 24, 65. do do 25, 65. do do 26, 65. Corporal; Died in Hospital first winter. Died Feb 13, 62. Mustered out June 24, 65. Sergt. ; Died Mar 30, 63. Corporal ; Mustered out Jan 21, 63. Died of wounds May 11, 64. Mustered out June 24, 65. Discharged April 10, 63. Mustered out July 15, 65. do do 21, 63. Deserted July 26, 64. Died Sept 24, 64. ■ Deserted Nov 2, 64. Mustered out June 25, 65. Lieut., pris'r i yr. disch'ged May 15, 65. Corporal ; Mustered out July 27, 64. Corporal ; Mustered out June 24, 65. Sergt. ; re-en., Mustered out July 7,65. Died Jan 10, 63, Discharged June 3, 62. Sergt. ; Mustered out June 29, 65. Mustered out July 13, 65. Sergt. ; re-en., mustered out July 13, 65. Corporal ; discharged Nov 25, 63. Mustered out July 13, 65. Discharged Aug 9, 65. do do 24, 64. Mustered out June 24, 65. Corp.; re-en., mustered out June 19, 65. Died, wounded June 6, 64. Mustered out May 25, 65. do June 24, 65. Discharged first year. do Nov 19 62. Discharged Dec 15, 63. Mustered out June 29, 64. Killed in Wilderness May 5, 64. Discharged Jan i, 63. do Sept 12, 64. Deserted Jan 27, 63. do Mar 5, 63. Corp. ; Re-en. deserted June 28, 64. 2d Lieut.; mustered out Aug 5, 63. Sergeant ; do June 24, 65. Sergt.; re-en, mustered out July 31, 65. Discharged Jan 6, 62. do June 27, 63. do April 3, 62. do Oct 22, 62. Deserted Jan 27, 63. Mustered out June 24, 65. do do do Died Aug 8 64. Discharged Aug 2, 63. Mustered out June 25 65. Discharged Jan 30, 62. do April 16, 64. do Sept 19, 62. do do 19, 62. Mustered out Nov 18, 64. Wounded at Freders'g and discharged. Discharged Dec 13, 63. Mustered out June 24, 65. 882 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Names. Labairon, Robinson Lilley, Patrick Lyford, Henry Morse, Benjamin F. Morse, Joseph Jr. McLoud, Brooks I). McLoud, Edward T. Morse, Franklin B. Mack, Wm. H. H. Morse, John Orlando Mack, Justus W. McKnight, Carroll A. Mack, Orson M. Nelson, Orrin Nelson, Edmond H. Nelson, Geo. H. Nichols, Don P. Pierce, Ezekiel Powers, David Richard, Eli Richard, Henry Stowe, Theodore Trow, Loren D. Thomas, Wm. W. Tucker, Harvey D. Trow, Geo. C. Vaughn, Isaac C. Voodry, Geo. B. Voodry, Henry C. Voodry, Josephus Vaughn, Alvin P. Wells, Irvin N. Wheeler, Wm. C. Withani, Thomas Willey, Ransom A. Wells', Wm. R. White, Geo. A. Weeks, Chas. E. Wheeler, John Q. Witham, Moses Whitney, Curtis B. Way, Jacob Witham, Aaron Paid Commutatfon. — Geo. C. Bemis, Augustus A. Bliss, Edwin Bruce, Roland B. Bruce. Alonzo A. Clark, .Samuel Daniels, John A. Goodell, Ira G. Jewell, Stephen Leavitt, Martin Lyford, Corliss G. Osgood, Benjamin F. Rideout, Willard Strague, True A. Town, Vergil B. Webster, Sidney O. Wells, George White, Augustus O. Wilber. This town not only furnished more men than required to fill its quota without any public meetings to stimulate enlistments, and without paying any of the large bounties which most of the towns in the State were compelled to, but furnished several men for Hardwick, Cabot, Marshfield, Calais, East Montpelier, Elmore and a few other towns. We claim for Wood- bury an excellent and honorable war record. I think it will be found that there were more men went to the war from here than any town in the State with the same number of in- habitants. I have not recorded any more on this list which we are not entitled to, and none but what at the time of their enlistment were residents of our town. By the request of Hon. F. C. Putnam, I have given this list. o. D. T. Ues. Co. Enlisted. 8 E Dec I 6i 9 I July I 62 6 G Oct 15 61 8 E Dec 9 61 2 H Aug 20 61 2 H Aug 20 61 Unas'ned Dec 363 8 E Dec 361 8F Mar 1565 9 I Dec 463 9 I June 2662 II A Aug 18 62 8 F Mar 1564 4 G Feb 1862 8 E Dec 761 2 D Dec 1262 4 D Aug 17 61 13 H Aug 19 62 2 D Dec 1263 13 H July 19 62 2 D Dec 1263 13 H Aug 19 62 3 H June I 61 II I Nov 2363 II A Aug 762 2 H Sept 18 61 2 Bat. Nov 19 61 2 F Mav 20 61 3 K Feb 862 3 G June I 61 9l June 1862 U S M C June 2263 II I May 2763 2 K Dec 1967 II I July 25 62 II I Aug I 62 2 H Aug 20 61 6 H July II 63 C Cav. Oct 761 9 I June 1S62 II I Aug 3064 8 A Aug 2664 9l May 2862 Remarks. Corp. mustered out June 14, 65. Re-en. Discharged April 25, 63. Mustered out June 26, 65. Re-en. Sergt. ; Mustered out June 22, 64. Mustered out Sept 13, 64. Killed in Wilderness May 5, 64. Died at Brattleboro Jan 13, 64. Mustered out June 22, 64. do do 25, 65. Died Nov 27, 64. do Oct 25, 62. Dis'dOct 27, 64. Deserted Co H 13 reg. Mustered out June 28, 65. Died soon after exchanged. Prisoner. Discharged Feb 20, 63. Lost Limb. Mustered out July 15, 65. Deserted April 19, 62. Mustered out July 21, 63. Mustered out May 13, 65. Musician ; died Feb 26, 63. Corp. ; mustered out July 5, 65. Sergt. ; Mustered out July 21. 67. Mustered out at Montp'r. Inv. Corps. do Dec 31, 64. Discharged Feb 15, 64. Mustered out Sept 10, 64. Corp. ; discharged Oct 26, 62. do Mustered out Jan 29, 64. do Killed Oct 19, 64, at Cedar Creek Discharged Sept 20, 62. 1st Sergt., 1st Lieut. ; Resig'd May 2,65 Discharged Sept 2, 63. do April 13, 64. Prisoner and died at Florence, S. C, Mustered out Jan 24, 65. do do do Killed at Frederick'gh May 12, 64. Mustered out June 26, 65. do Nov 18, 64. Deserted June 1 5, 63. Mustered out June 25, 65. Deserted Oct 8, 64. Mustered out June 13, 65. JOSHUA M. DANA, was born Dec. 12, 1805, at West Lebanon, N. H. ; he was the grandson of William Dana, one of the first settlers of Lebanon, and son of Wm. Dana, Jr. He lived at Lebanon till he was about 12 years old; then his father moved to Montpelier, where he lived a few years, and after moved to Calais. He spent most of the time in Montpelier and Calais, for several years. About 1856, he bought land in Woodbury, and began clearing it ; built a house, barn, etc. In September, 1858, he was married to Miss C. C. Bennett, daughter of Mr. WORCESTER. 883 Nicholas Bennett of East Montpelier, and went to Woodbur}' for a permanent home, where he resided until his death, July 3, 1878. His widow and son, Charles H. Dana, are still living on the farm he cleared for their home. He was an honest man, a good citizen, and beloved by his friends. His remains were interred in the " Cutler burying ground," at East Montpelier. H. M. D. [ He was a somewhat extensive contribu- tor for the Montpelier papers. In the WatcJwian I find papers on farming, in the Argils and Patriot, " Early Incidents in the history of Lebanon," (N. H.) — " An Indian Scare," etc., — so traditionally good and well told, we regret the history of both Calais and Woodbury had not been written up while he was alive to have assisted. Woodbury is 15 miles from Montpelier ; Mr. Dana would come out a-foot to his sister's here, and return again on foot to the last year of his life. On one of these visits. Thanksgiving, 1876, his sister, Miss Hannah M. Dana, who lives in the first cottage under the cliff. Elm Street, gave him a gold pen he was to use in writing to her, and he writes : " Jan. first, eighteen hundred seventy-six." We glean from to keep a picture, of this old and quaint Washington County writer's Woodbury home, as drawn by himself.] ( When he got home.) The boy had been good And fed all the stock. Had brought in all the wood. And wound up the clock. Three cows that are good, Three heifers the same — Three steers to draw wood. And four calves that are tame ;, Two sheep we can boast. Two leaders, with others behind; To bake, boil, or roast, Or for wool they 'r the kind. And then Charley's hens The corn they devour; Makes them look like fat Cochins- Fit to eat any hour I • •#*♦»* Threescore and ten I Only think of my age, In the tramps I have been I shall no more engage. Joshua M. Dana. WORCESTER. BY CHARLES C. ABBOTT. This town in the N. W. of Washington Co., lat. 44° 24', long. 4° 25', is bounded N. and W. by Elmore and Stowe, in Lamoille Co., S. by Middlesex, and E. by Calais. Who were the first white men that visited the town is unknown. The French and Indians passing from Canada to the older settlements on the Connecticut river, are said to have had their trail through this town, but have left no record of their names or of the place where. The town, with its present name and limits, was chartered June 8, 1763, by Gov. Wentworth of N. H., to grantees: Joshua Mason, Thomas Burgee, Robert Burgee, John Davidson, Robert David- son, Samuel Halstead, Joshua Halstead, \Vm. Davidson, Benjamin Betts, Samuel Betts, Abraham Betts, Ichabod Betts, John Betts, Grant Striker, Henry Dickin- son, Anthony Baker, Joshua Hutchins, Samuel Dodge, Job Bacon, Wm. Gibbons, Wm. Pusey, James Gibbons, Wm. Ash- bridge, David Bacon, Manning Bull, Thomas Shroves, Joseph De Camp, Lam- bert DeCamp, John Hand, Robert Stan- bury, Joshua Underhill, Samuel DeCamp, John Nefus, Josiah Stanbury, Moses Lit- tle, Wm. Trundenborough, Ephraim Cut- ler, John DeCamp, Ebenezer Cutler, Jo- seph Young, David Cutler, David DeCamp, Daniel Marsh, Isaac Burger, Jacob Noe, Isaac Noe, Jr., John Turner, George Woods, John Gifford, Benjamin Ogden, Crowley Barrow, Thomas Young, Wm. Mitchel, Charles Wiggins, John Hofnall, John Cockle, Henry Franklin, Hon. James Nevin, Nathaniel Barrell, Esq., Joseph Newmarsh, Esq., Col. Samuel Barr, and Maj. Joseph Blanchard. The charter was for 6 miles square, to be divided into 69 rights, or lots of 4 divisions each. The 1st division i acre, the 2d div. 3 acres, the 3d div. 38 acres, the 4th 7 acres. The I acre lots were laid out in the center of the town and are comprised in the farm now owned by Wm. H. Kellogg; the 7 acre lots, around this one, mostly on the west ; the 38 acre lots on the west side of the town, adjoining Stowe. The VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Governor's right in the S. W. corner, and the 300 acre lots comprised the rest of the town. There is now no record of any meeting of the original grantees to be found, nor any conveyances from them ; and there was much litigation in regard to land titles in the early history of the town. Much of the land is now held under titles from " tax collectors," having been sold for taxes. The surface of the town is very uneven, and the western part is intersected by the eastern range of the Green Mountains. There are four principal peaks in this town, from which are extensive and very fine views of the surrounding country and villages, especially from Mount Hunger, in the S. W. part of the township, the summit of which is rocky and almost en- tirely devoid of vegetation, and permits an unobstructed prospect in all directions. [For its history, see Middlesex, 229-231.] The meadows on the North Branch, and on the larger brooks, are fertile and easy of cultivation. The uplands are well adapted to stock raising and dairy pur- poses, to which a large share of the farm- ers give their attention. The town is watered by the North Branch, a mill stream from Elmore, flow- ing southerly through the length of the town, emptying into the Winooski in Montpelier. There are also large brooks, some of which serve for mill purposes ; the largest. Minister brook, was named from its mouth being in the lot granted to the first settled minister. But one natural pond is in the town limits, Worcester pond, near the eastern line and " Eagle Ledge" road. It contains some 8 acres, and has furnished many pickerel and trout to the settlers. The streams all furnished at an early day an abundance of trout, and are still the yearly resort of the disciples of " Izaak Walton" from neighboring towns, who eagerly explore every stream where a "speckled beauty" is supposed to lurk. A deep pool, that is worn in the rock by action of a waterfall, in a rocky ravine just above the house of Thomas Reed, has long been a favorite resort for trying to ensnare some of the larg;e trout which make the pool their home. Now and then one is captured, but generally the wary fish is not lured from its lurking place, and the fisher, sometimes spending hours in his labor, leaves the spot with his basket as light as when he came ; but perhaps thinking himself repaid for his visit by a view of the wild and beautiful scenery of the place. Gold has been found in some localities, more especially in the bed of Minister brook. A few years since a stock com- pany was formed under a. State charter, called the Minister Brook Mining Com- pany, and the bed of the brook and lands bordering on it were leased. Other com- panies have at intervals "prospected" the brook since, with just what results is not generally known. FIRST SETTLEMENTS. The first settlers of the town were John Ridlon and George Martin, who came from Kennebec, Me., in 1797, and commenced a settlement on the i-acre lot, laid out in the center of the town on " Hampshire hill." They erected a house of split bass- wood logs, and cleared some 10 or 12 acres. It is said they soon left, and the farm where they first commenced was not permanently settled until several years after. They must have come back again soon and settled on the Branch, where L. M. Hutchinson now lives, as both tra- dition and the land records indicate they lived there in 1803, and made the first permanent settlement there. Ridlon was elected to the Constitutional Convention in 18 14, and perhaps died in this town. It is not certain what became of Martin. The oldest inhabitants have no knowledge of him. We find in 1805, John Ridlon conveyed a portion of this land to Ansel Bates, by whom it was after- ward conveyed to Cyrus Brigham, who lived on it many years. The records show Martin in connection with Ridlon, and Benjamin Saunders held an interest in the place, as a quit-claim deed from John Fay, of Burlington, to Samuel B. Stone, who hved here in 1805, dated Feb. 7, 1802, specifies, "Mr. Stone is to indemnify said WORCESTER. 88 s Fay against all claim which said Ridley, Geo. Martin and Benjamin Saunders may have in the land by reason of a former deed of the same." Ridlon's name is on the record, as also Ridler and Ridley. It must be that the first land records were lost or burned with the town records, as these deeds referred to are not found on the record now in the town clerk's office. There must have been several families in town in 1800, as " Deming's Catalogue" gives 25 inhabitants that year. Matthias Ridlon, son of John, owned a lot of land soon after this in the eastern part of the town, where Elias Bascom afterward settled. He probably did not live on it, but with his father; in 1812, they lived where Henry E. Hunt now lives. Matthias enlisted in the war of 1812, and died at home soon after he came from the army ; Guy, son of Carpus Clark, also enlisted in that war and died in the army. The town was in 1797 an evergreen forest, interspersed with hard timber on the lower lands. But openings soon ap- peared, as other settlers followed close after Ridlon and Martin. The town was organized Mar. 3, 1803. Duncan Young with his family, himself, wife, 2 daughters, 2 sons, Daniel and John, came from Calais in 1802, and settled on right No. 13, where S. M. Seaver now lives, but stayed only two or three years, and removed to Montpelier. His oldest son, David, was a resident of this town in after years, and was the father of J. M. and P. D. Young, who yet live here, and Mrs. Martin C. Brown. From 1802 to '12, we find from the land records, resi- dents : Henry Goodale. James Green from Waterbury, Carpus Clark, Elisha B. Green, (who built the first saw-mill on the present site of H. T. Clark's mill,) Daniel Colby, Uriah Stone, and Amasa Brown. John Young, son of Duncan, was the first town clerk ; James Green, representa- tive in 1808 ; other town officers unknown, as the town records before 18 16 fwhen it lost its organization,) were deposited for safe keeping at Burlington, where they were burned. The land records go back to 1803 ; from them and tradition we have gathered this period of our history. The first deed on record is from Joseph and William Hutchins to John Shurtleff, all of Montpelier, in the County of Cale- donia, June 4, 1803, claiming the right of John Turner (original proprietor,) which embraced the 300-acre lot No. 14, on the branch, adjoining Middlesex line. A few years after the same was sold tor taxes, and Cyrus Brigham bought the part where L. M. Hutcliinson now lives. At the date of the first deed, Worcester was in Chit- tenden Co. ; at the time of the tax sale in Jefferson Co. ; the first deed on record to a resident, is from Ebenr. Rice of Montpel- ier, to John Young, July 8, 1803, convey- ing a part of the land now the farm of S. M. Seaver. In 1805, a large number of rights were sold for a tax by the Legislature to build roads and bridges, and 25 rights unredeemed, were conveyed by the collec- tor, Charles Bulkley, to the highest bidder, to be sold in the same way in 1809, and 181 2. The land records the first 10 years are largely made up of these " tax sales." In 1813, public notice was given of a land ta.x by Carpus Clark, ist constable; in 181 1, his name is on the record as justice of the peace, and of Carpus Clark, John Ridlon and Elisha Green, as commission- ers to lay out a road tax, and in 18 12 Carpus Clark and Daniel Colby were select- men, appears from record of a lease of the minister land by them to Elisha B. Green for $5 annual rent till a minister should be settled. (See lists of town officers.) These with the town clerks are all the officers we can trace to 1821. Most of the settlers, without much means, who came because land was cheap, till they could make a clearing and raise a crop, had to make " many a shift" for the bare necessaries of life. Some left, and but few came in to take their places. How- ever, those who remained paved somewhat the way for those who should come after, and kept up their courage with hopes of better times till 18 12 to 16, when they had to encounter several cold suinmers, frosts cutting off their crops and discouraging the bravest hearts, till the summer of 1816 886 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. came, so cold as some who were chil- dren then, say, "as to freeze their steer's horns off." There were frosts every montli through that summer. That season, utterly discouraged, most of the inhabitants left the town. No town meeting was held, and Worcester lost its organization. In 1818, there was but one family, that of Amasa Brown, Esq., left in town. It was a standing jest for some years, that Mr. Brown threw his family on the town at this time, for their support. Wild game was plenty, deer abundant, bears frequent- ly seen ; the latter have strayed this way in later years; they have been "wary bears," it is not known that more than two or three were ever killed here. Three moose were shot here in the early days ; one, where the Methodist meeting-house stands, by Micah Hatch of Middlesex, which was sent to Boston Museum, where its skin probably remains to this day. Another was killed on the old Templeton farm, and one on the Thomas Reed farm. A once large, deserted beaver settlement was seen a few years ago, on the meadow now covered by the mill-pond of Moses P. Wheeler. On the first road, from Middlesex Center over " Hampshire Hill" to Elmore, and known then as the smugglers' road, was the clearing on the one acre lots, and the first basswood log-house, used by the smugglers of those days as a rendezvous for their cat- tle and horses. In 1812, there was no other road through the town, and but a pathway had been marked and cut from Montpelier, penetrating the southern part of the town near the branch ; comfortable roads were reserved for later times, and milling done at Montpelier, or in some of the older settlements south of us. The town contained neither store or tavern during its first organization. Mr. Brown having, perhaps, more means than his neighbors, remained in town, himself and wife and 4 sons and 7 daugh- ters. His sons were Milton, Amasa, Jr., Cyrus and Martin Chittenden, the last re- ceiving his name from having been born on the same day that Martin Chittenden was elected governor, Oct. 21, 18 13. His birth, also, is the first recorded in town, and he is still living here. Milton Brown was the first constable under the second organization, a justice of the peace many years, town representative 7 years, a councillor in 1835, and superin- tendent of the Vermont State Prison 4 years. In 1850, he removed to Montpelier; was admitted to the Washington County Bar, and died July 3, 1852. Amasa, the second son, studied theology at Newton, Mass., Theo. Sem., and is a Baptist min- ister, residing at Newton, N. H. Cyrus, the other son, is a lawyer and resides in this town, being the only member of the bar ever residing here. One of the daughters married Oliver Watson, May 29, 1817, the first recorded marriage in town. Judge Edwin C.Watson, of Hartford, and Dr. Oliver L. Watson, of West Topsham, are their sons, born in Worcester. Mr. Watson and wife cel- ebrated their golden wedding. Between i8i8and 1820, Wm. Arbuckle, Thayer Townsend, Job Hill and Jesse Flint came into the town. Mr. Arbuckle lived in a small log house on Amasa Brown's land. Mr. Townsend settled on the hill on the " Closson " farm, where Wm. Brvice, Jr., now lives; Job Hill, on the place where Leonard Hamblet lives. In the fall of 1820, Allen Vail prepared a place for his family ; also Thomas Reed, Jr., from Londonderry. Mr. Reed moved his family to Middlesex early in 1820, to Mr. Benjamin Baldwin's, Mrs. Reed's father, who lived near Christopher C. Putnam's present residence. Mr. B. had at this time built a saw-mill where Put- nam's mill now is, the second in town. Reckoning from the time Mr. Reed com- menced work on his farm, his was the third or fourth family here. One or two others must have come the same year, but I have not learned who they were. Mr. Vail had 2 sons and 6 daughters. He settled where H. A. Han- cock now lives, but soon on the next lot north, and built a saw-mill where Mr. Putnam's "Worcester" mill stands. Mr. Reed built on the farm on which himself WORCESTER. and wife still live, it being nearly 58 years since. They must be by far the most per- manent residents of the town. During the next 3 years the population increased quite fast, and some commenced building frame-houses. The lumber for the first ones was sawed at the mill of Mr. Bald- win, in Middlesex, by which it seems the first mill built where Clark's mill now is must have fallen into disuse, but mills were soon put in operation here. At the close of 1 82 1, thei'e were three frame- houses — Thayer Townsend's, the first on the hill near Calais line, where he first set- tled. Dodge Hayward's, on the Dea. Poor place, where Cyrus Brown now lives, and Thomas Reed's, where he still resides. Others who came to town from 1820 to '23 or '24, were David Poor, Capt. Artemas Richardson and wife, Franklin Johnson, Oramel L. Smith, Cyrus Crocker, J. P. B. Ladd, Jonas and Nathan Abbott, Eben- ezer S. Kellogg and wife, Joel H. Tem- pleton ffnd family, Eleazer Hutchinson and family, from Norwich ; Dea. Matthias Folsom and wife and David Folsom and Amos Rice and wife, from Dover, Vt. ; Leonard Hamblet, from Dracut, Mass., found mentioned in the town records, with others whose names we have not learned. All named were prominent citizens and have died in town, except Jonas Abbott, who is still living, and Mr. Kellogg, who died the present year (1871), in Hanover, N. H. We have now come to where we have the town records for a guide. March 14, 1 82 1, a call for a meeting of the legal voters was made by Joseph Wing, justice of the peace of Montpelier ; held at the dwelling-house of Amasa Brown, March 28, 182 1, Allen Vail moderator, and Amasa Brown town clerk ; who was sworn to the faithful discharge of the duties of said of- fice in the presence of the meeting by Joseph Wing, Esq. Allen Vail, Amasa Brown, Job Hill, were chosen selectmen ; Allen Vail, treasurer ; Milton Brown, first constable and collector of taxes ; Allen Vail, Amasa Brown, Jesse Flint, listers ; Job Hill, grand juror; Jesse Flint, high- way surveyor; Abraham V. Smith, Wm. Arbuckle, Jesse Flint, fence viewers ; Amasa Brown, pound keeper. Voted, that Mr. Brown's barn be con- sidered as the Pound ; made choice of Job Hill, sealer of weights and measures; Hezekiah Mills, hay ward ; Oliver Watson, committee to settle with the treasurer ; Abraham V. Smith, school trustee. We cannot forbear pausing to wonder if Mr. Watson found the duties of his office very burdensome? As there was no over- seer of the poor chosen at that meeting, Apr. 20, another meeting was held, at which it was Voted, to raise 8 mills on the dollar on the list to defray the necessary expenses of the town ; and to form the town into one school district ; and raise one cent on the dollar of the list for the support of schools for the year ensuing; and to have a highway tax assessed on the list, to be made the year ensuing, and that 9 hours be considered as a day's work. Worcester was ahead of the ten-hour law. There are those still living in town who attended the first school, in the winter of 182 1 and 22, Allen L. Vail, Cyrus and Martin C. Brown, Mrs. Olive Brown Johnson, and perhaps one or two others, who remember that school in the old log- house on the Hutchinson farm, near Mr. Phineas A. Kemp's present residence. Job Hill was the teacher, and the school was much larger in proportion to the num- ber of families than are the present schools. _ The next school was taught by Betsey Cutler, in a log dwelling-house near where S. M. Seaver now lives. The first school- house was built about this time, of logs, near the late Samuel Andrews' house. From 1823, the increase of population was more rapid than it had been the two or three years preceding. The openings in the forest became more numerous ; the fields of grass, grain and potatoes more widely extended ; the cattle and sheep in- creased, and the first comers could begin to realize some of the hopes which had sus- tained them through years of privation. In 1823, a road was surveyed and worked up the Branch through the town, so as to be passable. Its survey was by Jesse Elm on and Danforth Stiles, a committee authorized by the Legislature of 1822, the VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. first road recorded in town. Others soon began to branch off. Up Minister brook, up the brook towards Calais, on to the hills where the settlers had built their dwellings, on Hampshire hill ; and new dwellings were built, and from what can be learned of the older cit'zens, it would seem that the social nature of the early inhabi- tants was better cultivated and developed than it is at the present day. Neighborly visits were prized in proportion to the dif- ficulties in making them. People seemed more dependent on each other for those necessaries to make Hfe pleasant. Meet- ings also were better attended, and gener- ally much more highly prized than now ; and much of the restraints of social inter- course, under which the people of this day labor, was then unknown. All were poor ; and all were ready and willing to help each other. From the second organization of the town until 1835, town meetings were held at Amasa Brown's (afterwards at Milton Brown's) house, except two in 1823, which were held, by vote of the town, in Mr. Brown's shop. At a meeting called for the purpose, held Mar. 26, 1834, it was Voted, that town meetings in future be held at the Plaistered School-house, nigh Milton Brown's in said Worcester. The next and subsequent meetings were held at that place. (Dis. No. 2,) until 1841 ; a vote being taken in March, 1840, to hold them hereafter in the school-house in district No. i. That house was at the "corner," and stood on the spot where Ferris Leonard's house was lately burned. The old school-house now stands nearly opposite the present town clerk's office, and is used for a blacksmith shop. When the first meeting-house was built, a hall was built in the basement, which the town bought for a town hall ; and Jan. 26, 1846, it was " Voted, That town meetings hereafter shall be held at the new town house in Worcester," which was built in 1845, ^"d since that time town meetings have been held in the spacious town hall under the Congregational meeting-house. SCHOOLS. We have no records of before the second organization. After that, the people at once gave the subject their earnest atten- tion. It was " Voted^'xnh.-'^xW, 1821, to haveone school- district"; March, 1823, to divide the town into three school districts ; and March, 1824, a committee of three was appointed to re-district the town, and the same day the town was divided into four school dis- tricts : District No. i : Eleazer Hutchinson, Da- vid Poor, J. P. B. Ladd, Artemas Rich- ardson, Hammet, (probably Leon- ard Hamblet) J. Hubbard, O. L. Smith, Oliver Watson, Hezekiah Mills, Por- ter, Wm. Arbuckle, W. Foster, J. Hill, Jonas Abbott. District No. 2 : A. Rice, Amasa Brown, J. Robinson, Allen Vail, Eben. S. Kel- logg, Ophir Leonard, John Clark, Frank- lin Johnson, Ashley Collins, A. V. Smith. District No. 3 : Benson. A. A. Brown, Hinkson, (probably Wm.,) Thomas Reed, Jr., Tristram Worthen. District No. 4. — Jesse Flint, Matthias Folsom, Samuel Upham, J. Griffin, E. Clough, Nathan Abbott, Wm. Bennett, A. Bennett, Flint Gove, Frizzle Perrin, David Folsom. The report was signed by Amasa Brown for committee. The first record of number of families and scholars was made March, 1829, and returned by the district clerks were : Dis- trict No. I, 13 families, },■}, scholars; dis- trict No. 2, 9 families, 22 scholars; dis- trict 3, 6 families, 18 scholars; district 4, 15 families, 41 scholars;, not in limits of any district, i family and 4 scholars ; total, 44 families and 1 18 .scholars. At the present time there are 9 districts and one fractional, belonging to a Mid- dlesex district. The last returns were Apr. I, 1878 ; families, 191 ; scholars, 271. • There are 9 school-houses in town, in which are schools from 10 to 12 weeks, summer and winter. POUNDS. The town has owned two Pounds. The first, a log one, built according to a vote of the town, 1822, "That a pound be built WORCESTER. by every man turning out the 15th of June next." It was located on the east side of the road, on the meadow south of Henry E. Hunt's barn. The story is told that this pound after awhile got out of repair and the gate fallen down, so there was free ingress and egress ; and the cattle of the neighborbood, taking advantage of the situation, found a warm yard in which they could lie. In course of time, the ground within the enclosure became en- riched, and Mr. C, who lived near by, thinking it would bear good corn, plough- ed up the enclosure, planted it and fenced up the gateway. The corn grew, and there was a prospect of a big yield ; .but his hopes were destined to be blasted. When it was just right tn roast, somebody (supposed to be the "hatters") harvested it in the night, leaving Mr. C. nothing for his pains. The second was built in 1836, the town appropriating $30. It was walled with stone, hewed timbers on the top ; a little south of the first, on the other side of the road, near the "town brook." It was used occasionally, as was the first, to get up quarrels and lawsuits among the neigh- bors until about 1850; the stone of which it was made was used to repair the high- way. Since that time, various barnyards have been constituted pounds from year to year, by vote of the town, but no case of im- pounding an animal has occurred for many years. March 2, 1847, the town was called on to vote license or no license, and in that year and three following years, the vote stood: 1847, license, 55, no license, 29; 1848, yea, 58, nay, 40; 1849, yea, 28, nay, 53; 1850, yea 51, nay, 38. At a meeting of the selectmen of Wor- cester, Mar. 15, 185 1, Voted, to license Henry B. Brown to sell pure alcohol, brandy and wine, for the time of one year from this date, under the following restrictions, viz. : ist, the said Brown shall at all times keep a just and accurate account of all purchases and sales. 2d, to sell only as a medicine. 3d, to sell none to be drank in or about the store. 4th, allowed to sell to none who are in the habit of using it as a beverage, without a certificate from a physician. Edwin C. Watson, Abel Whitney, Horace Carpenter, selectmen. At a meeting of the board of selectmen of Worcester, Mar. 19, 1852, Voted, to grant Cyrus Brown license to keep a pul^lic inn and sell therein victuals, all kinds of fruits, small beer and cider for the term of one year from this date. Frank- lin Johnson, Samuel P. Alexander, Joseph Ford, selectmen. Tithingmen were occasionally chosen at the early town meetings, David Poor in 1822, but they soon appear to have gone out of fashion. The first, or old burying-ground was across the road from the present one. There is no record of the old ground. The second one was laid out under a vote of the town passed in March, 1831 ; i acre ; .surveyed by Milton Brown. The first bodies buried in it were those removed from the old ground. In 1873, the town purchased about 3^ acres of P. A. Kemp, Esq., for $300, en- closing the old ground on three sides, which was surveyed and laid in lots and driveways by James K. Tobey, Esq., of Calais. It contains in all 303 lots, and the whole together makes a commodious and beautiful cemetery, of which the town may justly be proud. March, 1831, the town voted not to tax Abner Dugar for the time being, he being blind. Before the farms were cleared, lumber- ing and shingle-making were much in vogue, but the land, as soon as cleared and planted, produced large crops of po- tatoes ; so it used to be said, with the Worcester people, lumber, shingles and potatoes were considered as "legal ten- der." Since the early saw-mills were built, there have been several in operation during the whole time. The old " up and down" saws have all given place to the improved "circular" mills, of which the town now has five, with several others just over the border. Immense quantities of logs are cut in Worcester every year, which are sawed, planed and matched for market. At first VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. there was an abundance of pine trees, which have disappeared, and spruce, hem- lock and several kinds of hard wood now furnish the material for lumber. It is related of some of the earlier in- habitants, when the town was in large part owned by non-residents, they were in the habit of buying of the proprietors, for a trifle, the pine trees which had fallen down on their lands, and getting them man- ufactured into lumber, or making shingles for sale. To make the business more profitable, it is said that some felled such fine trees as they wished to buy, and suf- fering them to lie a year or two, included them in the windfalls, and sometimes did not even wait for the trees to grow old before hauling them to mill. At one period, a large portion of the lands were held by Alex. Ladd, who lived in New Hampshire, and titles being uncertain, other parties sought to acquire a right in the same lands by "squatting," which led to much litigation in regard to the pos- session. A large portion of the inhabi- tants were at one time engaged for one party or the other in their endeavors to hold the land. The controversy culminat- ed in what is known as the lumber war. As the story is told by those conversant with the matter, some parties had bought the pine trees on a portion of the disputed territory in the north part of the town, and commenced to cut and draw. The agents for tlie other parties claiming the lands, set to work to prevent this. They felled trees across the roads, cut up the logs, and used all means, except personal vio- lence, in their power to hinder the work. One man is said to have ruined a nice ax in cutting out the iron pins of a sled during the darkness of the night, and as the ex- citement increased, the friends of either party came to their assistance, until quite a company was arrayed on either side. They held the ground night and day for several days, and there was much hard words and loud talk. But during the whole excitement, it is said, there was only one clinch, and in that struggle, the man who came uppermost m the fall was compelled to call lustily to his triends to " take that man off from him," while himself was yet at the top. The first party succeeded in getting out a portion of their logs, and the dispute was eventually settled by the courts. The lumbering job was, however, done at a loss in a pecuniary view to those engaged in it. Mr. Ladd, by his agent, Judge Loomis, of MontpeHer, had put one Gilman Par- nienter on to the lot of land in the S. E. corner of the town, where James M. Gould now lives, to hold possession against a Mr. Spear, who also claimed it. Mr. Parmenter built a log shanty, and moved in before he had put the roof on it. One day, when Mr. Parmenter was gone from home, leaving his wife to keep possession, some of Mr. Spear's agents attempted to get possession by climbing into the en- closure, but Mrs. Parmenter, comprehend- ing the responsibility resting on her, was equal to the emergency. Hastily placing a ladder against the wall, she seized the tea-kettle, which was full of boiling water, and with this weapon ascended the ladder, and made such good use of it, that the intruders were compelled to hastily re- treat, leaving the plucky woman in pos- session of the premises. The matter of title to this, as well as the aforementioned lands, was finally settled by the courts in Mr. Ladd's favor. HAT MANUFACTORY. When the town was new and fur-bearing animals plenty, a hat manufactory was established, and the business of hat- making carried on several years. The building was on the farm now owned and occupied by George D. Tewksbury. Hat- making was carried on several years by Edmund Blood, who came from Bolton, Mass., went into the heart of the wilder- ness, off from any road, put up a factory, boarding-house, and other necessary build- ings, gathered his help, some say from 75 to 100, and went to work making hats for the gentry. The road at this time was over the river west from the building. Judging from the stories told, we think his hands employed were a great element in the social part of community and in town-meetings. WORCESTER. Just what year Mr. Blood came here, we do not know, but find he purchased the land in 1828. He died previous to Apr. 1831, as we find by the records, and the hat business was not continued long afterwards. The old hat factory was taken down in 1849 by A. L. Vail, and the ma- terials used in the erection of a dwelling house in the village. Mr. Andrew A. Sweet, of Montpelier, could probably tell the story of the hat business better than any other man living. Tanning was carried on several years. In 1849, Ebenezer Frizzell came from Berlin, and bought of John Clark the mill and water privilege where H. T. Clarke's mill now stands, and built a tannery. Edwin C. Watson was associated with Mr. Frizzell a short time in the business, which they afterward sold to Simon Wheeler, of Plainfield. During quite a number of years, Mr. Wheeler and Nathan W. Frye, from Woburn, Mass., carried on the business, employing several hands. About 1 861, the tannery was burned, and was never rebuilt. The knitting business was a source of considerable income to many families for several years. It was commenced by Mrs. Artemas Richardson, and when she moved away, was continued by Mrs. Frances E. Celley, chiefly for the firm of H. B. Claflin & Co., of New York, and kept'many women and children industrious, returning an in- come of several thousands of dollars. Exporting raspberries was for a few seasons carried on quite extensively. From 1866 to about '74, it was an income to the women and children. From 2 to 8 tons per season were shipped from here to the Boston market, mostly by Templeton & Vail, merchants, for 4 to 6 cents per lb. There are (1878) in town some 170 dwelling-houses, 2 meeting-houses, i store, I hotel, the Worcester House, 5 saw-mills, 3 blacksmith-shops, i grist-mill, 9 school- houses, I post-office, a town clerk's office and town hall. There are also a " Grand Army Post," a " Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry," and a " Lodge of Good Templars." The village has some forty dwelling-houses. POST OFFICE, for statistics, we are indebted to Hon. Charles Lyman, formerly of Montpelier, and for mahy years chief of the dead letter department of the P. O. Department, Washington. An office was established here Jan. 5, 1828. The inhabitants had before procured, what little mail matter they received, at Montpelier. Amos Rice was appointed first postmas- ter, Jan. 5, 1828; Amos Rice, Jr., Mar. 5, 1828; Rufus Reed, Jr., Jan. 31, 1831 ; Samuel Andrews, Nov. 2, 1832; Jonas Abbott, April i, 1847; Oliver A. Stone, Sept. 18, 1853 ; Thaddeus B. Ladd, Aug. 25,1854; Charles C. Abbott, April 13, 1861, who is the present incumbent— 1879. John Rice, son of Amos Rice, was the first mail carrier ; and it has been stated that at the first he carried the mail in his hat — now there are some 300 copies of newspapers and magazines taken in town. After a good road was worked through the town to Elmore, the mail was carried through here to the towns north ; and sub- sequently the route from Montpeher and the south, to St. Albans, was through this town, and continued so until the Central Vt. R. R. was built. We now have a daily mail (Sunday excepted,) by stage from Montpelier to and from Morrisville. TOWN CLERKS. John Young, 1803,4; Samuel B. Stone, 1805; Carpus Clark, 1806-10, also 1812 and part 1813 ; Cyrus Brigham, 181 1 ; part 1813, all 1814-15 ; none i8i6to2o; Amasa Brown, 182 1, 2d organization; Artemas Richardson, 1822; Ebenezer S. Kellogg, 1823, 4, 5; Ophir Leonard, 1826, 7, 8; Nathan Adams, 1829, 30; Amos Rice, 1831-40, 1842-46, 1 5 years ; Daniel Adams, 1841 ; Samuel Andrews, 1847-54; Thad- deus B. Ladd, 1855-60 ; Job E. Macomber, 1861-64, part 1865 ; Charles C. Abbott, since Nov. 4, I865, deceased in 1881. TOWN REPRESENTATIVES. James Green, 1808 ; Carpus Clark, 1809- II, 13; Elisha B. Green, 1812; Cyrus Brigham, 1814, 15; none, 1816-22; Allen Vail, 1822, 3; Amos Rice, 1824; Samuel Hubbard, 1825; none, 1826; Nathan Adams, 1827, 8 ; Milton Brown, 1829-32, VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. 34. 37 ■> 5° i Daniel Adams, 1833; Joel Newton, 1835,6; Jacob Cushman, 1838, 9 ; Karris Leonard, 1840, i ; Moses Folsom, 1842,3; none, 1844, 5; Allen L. Vail, 1846, 72, 73; none, 1847; George W. Leavitt, 1848; Nathaniel A. Kelley, 1851, 2 ; Phineas A. Kemp, 1853, 69-72 ; none, 1854; Rodney Jones, 1855; Chauncey Hunt, 1856, 7; Horatio Templeton, 1858, 9; Thomas Hutchinson, i860, 61 ; Edwin C.Watson, 1862, 3; Job E. Macomber, 1864, 5; Mark P. Ladd, 1866; Heman A. Hancock, 1867, 8 ; none, 1874, 5 ; Horace P. Darling, 1876, 7; Augustus A. Bliss, 1878,9. There have been many exciting contests over the election of representative ; but probably only one "contested" in the Legislature, which was in 1814 or 1815. The story of that is thus told : Early in the season a careful canvass, probably not made public at the time, showed that there were just 9 voters in town. At freeman's meeting two candidates were presented, Cyrus Brigham and Amasa Brown. A short time previous to the first Tuesday in September, however, two brothers named Goodell had signified their inten- tion of going West, and actually did leave the town, as was supposed by some for good. They were strong Brigham men, and their absence was viewed with much complacency by Mr. Brown and his friends. Freeman's meeting day came, the voting commenced, and the appearances were that Mr. Brown would win ; until, unex- pectedly to some, the Messrs. Goodell ap- peared on the scene, having come from Stowe, over the mountain through the forest, and offered their votes. The con- stable, who was a "Brown man," refused to receive their votes, however, claiming as they had left town they were not legal voters. Mr. Brigham took their votes and put them in his pocket. Counting them, Mr. Brigham had 5 votes and Mr. Brown 4. If they were rejected, Mr. Brown had a majority. Both men made their appearance at the Legislature when it convened, and the matter was left to that body for a decision. Mr. Brigham held his seat. PHYSICIANS. The first resident physician was Dr. James S Skinner. Just when he came we do not know ; probably about 1830. The records show he bought a place there. Jan. 1833, he was married to Julia Ann, daughter of Allen Vail, Esq., and soon after removed to Michigan, where he still resides. He was succeeded by Dr. Ira R. Rood, who had lived here several years before studying medicine. Dr. Rood mar- ried Jane, daughter of Samuel and Jane Andrews, Sept. 7, 1834. He practiced his profession here until 1846, when he re- moved to Wisconsin and died there. Dr. Buckley O. Tyler was the next, coming in 1848 or '9. During the interval be- tween Dr. Rood and Dr. Tyler the people were obliged to go to Montpelier for a physician, as they also had been previous to Dr. Skinner's coming to town. Dr. Thaddeus B. Ladd bought out Dr. Tyler in 185 1. He was born in town, being a son of J. P. B. Ladd, and grad- uated at Woodstock in 1850, in the same class with Dr. George Nichols, present Secretary of State. Dr. Ladd- was a man of excellent judg- ment, and bid fair to rise to eminence in his chosen profession during the few years of his active labor. In 1854, a spinal dif- ficulty developed itself, and for seven long years he was a great sufferer from that disease, which brought him to his grave. He was postmaster and town clerk several years ; was born Aug. 9, 1826; married Harriet N., daughter of Rev. Carey Rus- sell, December 5, 1850, and died Decem- ber 13, 1861. LuciAN Vail Abbott, son of Deacon Jonas Abbott, was born May 24, 1832. At 19, he commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Ladd, and graduated at Wood- stock, June, 1854, with the highest honors of his class. He did not live to practice his profession, consumption claiming him as a victim. He died May 26, 1855. Dr. Job E. Macomber, a graduate of Castleton, commenced here in 1856, and practiced 10 years in this town. He was born in East Montpelier ; married Marsell L., youngest daughter of J. P. B. Ladd, WORCESTER. 893 June 12, 1858; removed to Montpelier in 1866, where he still resides. Dr. Oliver L. Watson, son of Oliver Watson, born in this town May i, 1828, succeeded Dr. Macomber, continuing only part of a year, when he sold out to Dr. Harris. Dr. Watson married Nancy L., daughter of Leonard Darling, Aug. 18, 1852. He now resides in W^est Topsham. Dr. N. M. Harris was a son of Daniel Harris, one of the first settlers of the east part of this town, and was born in Calais, coming to this town with his father when quite young. He married Mary E. Frink, of Milford, Mass., and they are now (1879) living on the same place where his father first settled in town. In 1876, he sold his practice to Dr. Chauncey N. Hunt, who is the now practicing physician. Dr. Hunt is a son of Chauncey Hunt ; born in this town Apr. 17, 1851 ; graduated at Burling- ton, 1875, and was married to Jennie F., daughter of A. S. Emery, Sept. 28, 1875. Dr. Watson and Dr. Harris both also graduated at Burlington. NEIGHBORHOODS. Hampshire Hill, so called, being mostly settled from New Hampshire — many from Acworthand Alstead. It is the geograph- ical center of the town, at the foot of the mountain range, and comprises school district No. 8, with a few families in No. 2. The first beginning was made on the south end by Artemas Richardson, F. Johnson and E. S. Kellogg. Before 1830, the New Hampshire people came, and the hill was settled as far north as it ever has been. Joel Newton, John Brigham, Wm. H.and John H. Cooper, Daniel A. and David L. Frost, Daniel Adams, Aaron Kemp, Joseph Evans, Ophir Leonard, Nathl. S. Morley, Alex. Dingwall and Horace H. Collier, and perhaps others we do not remember, were the first to make permanent homes on the hill ; substantial, honored citizens. A few of their descendants still live on the places their fathers cleared. "Minister Brook," now school dis- trict No. 4, was early settled from various localities. O. L. Smith, Cyrus Crocker, Jonas Abbott, Matthias Folsom, Daniel and Richard Colby, Samuel Upham, Ed- ward and John Clough, Joel H. Temple- ton, Abraham, Ephraimand Jesse Abbott, Luther Hunt and others were among its early settlers. West Hill, district No. 7, had David Folsom, B. F. Stone, William and Samuel Hall and others. The east part of the town from Putnam's Mills to Calais, and so north, had for early settlers: Gilmore Parmenter, Caleb Ormsby, Elias Bascom, Asa Fisher, Gload Dugar, Thayer Towns- hend, Benj. Lathrop, Daniel Harris, J. P. B. Ladd, Jacob Baldwin and others. Wm. Hinkson and Tristram Worthen, with their families of 6 children each, set- tled in the extreme north part of the town. There were probably many among the early inhabitants whose names we have not learned. Those who came before Amasa Brown, from 1797, and left before 1818 or '19, as far as we know, never re- turned. Mrs. Olive Brown Johnson, a daughter of Amasa Brown, who came here with her father in 1812, has given the writer some information in regard to those who came here during the first or- ganization, and where they were located previous to their leaving town. Accord- ing to her recollection, Cyrus Brigham then lived on the Whitney farm, where L. M. Hutchinson now lives, a man named Farnsworth on the Leonard Hamblet place, Daniel Colby where Mr. Seaver now re- sides. The Dea. Poor place was then called the Lyon place, but no one lived there. Two families by the name of Green (Elisha and James, probably) lived on the place where P. A. Kemp now lives, Carpus Clark on a part of the Brown farm now owned by Chauncey Hunt, John Ridlon where Henry E. Hunt resides, and Henry Goodell on Mr. H. A. Hancock's farm, and in 1818-19, Mr. Brown's family had no neighbors nearer than the Stiles' place in Middlesex, where C. L. Hunt now lives. Ohio was being opened up to settlers, and the good stories coming from there induced those discouraged here to seek that more favored region. Nearly all mentioned as living here at that time em- igrated to Ohio. VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Mr. Brown was born in Templeton, Mass., Apr. 23, 1770; about 1792, was married to Sybil Stoddard, of Winchendon, Mass. ; born June 20, 1772. Feb. 1807, they removed from Massachusetts to Mont- pelier, residing there until April, 1812, when they came to Worcester, and settled on the place where they continued as long as they lived. When they settled here, a clearing of some 10 or 12 acres had been made and a log-house built. The house had one glass window only at this time, and stood where the ell part of the present house stands. Mr. Brown purchased his place of Elisha B. Green. There were then no bridges across the river between Montpelier and Worcester, and as the road then went, it crossed the river twice near where Leonard Hamblet lives, so people had to cross on the ice in winter and ford the stream in the summer. Mrs. Johnson says, wlien she was about g years of age, in March, 1815, her father went to Montpelier with a horse and sleigh, taking her with him. After transacting his business, he started to return home, and it being a thawing time, the river had become swollen so the water ran over the ice at the crossings. They made the first crossing, but when they came to the second, the water was running so deeply and swiftly above the ice it seemed impossible to cross. Mr. Brown told his little danghter he saw no way except to commend themselves to the care of God and make the attempt. It was just as unsafe to try to return, and telling her to cling tight to the sleigh, he went up the stream as far as possible and plunged in. The current was so strong, the sleigh was carried down below the horse, which compelled him to keep his head nearly up the stream, the water filling the sleigh. When they reached the other shore they were some rods farther down the stream than where they entered it. When again on firm ground, Mr. Brown stopped and thanked God that they had been pre- served, and then proceeded homeward. When Mr. Brown was left by all his neighbors in full possession of the town, he took advantage of tlie situation to im- prove his own pecuniary interests. He had at this time a few sheep, a yoke of oxen and three cows. Having the whole range of the cleared land on which to keep his stock, he went to Montpelier and hired four or five more cows, for which he paid $4 per year each beside their keeping, and together with his own turned them on the town. He found a ready sale for all his butter among the families in Montpelier at 13 c. per pound ; fed the milk to his hogs, raising pork for sale, and so prospered in worldly affairs, turning the misfortunes of his less enduring neighbors to his own benefit. In 1818 or 19, Mrs. Brown's father died in Massachusetts, and Mr. Brown was sent for to help in settling the estate. He made the journey on horse- back, of which he said, when traveling through New Hampshire, he stopped over night at a tavern where quite a company was collected. During the evening as the different persons were engaged in telling stories in regard to their several localities, Mr. Brown sat and listened without saying anything, until some one of the company turned to him with the remark, that he believed they had all told where they be- longed but him. He replied that he lived in Worcester, Vermont. Oh ! said the other, I have heard of Worcester. I have heard that all the inhabitants of that town except a Mr. Brown left the place, and that he has thrown his family on the town. The story you have heard is true, said Mr. B. My name is Brown, and there is no other family living in Worcester but my own. As Mr. Brown's place was about half way from Montpelier to Elmore, he had frequent applications from travellers for refreshments. These applications be- came so numerous, that in 18 15 or 16, according to the recollections of Mrs. Johnson, he concluded to open a tavern, and entertain travellers. Accordingly, to give notice to the public, he put up a "sign,'' and opened the first tavern ever kept in Worcester. His sign was a smooth board, on which he marked in large letters with red chalk, "Good Cider For Sale Here," and he nailed it up in front of his log house. Travellers were entertained in WORCESTER. this log tavern until 1824 or 25, when he built a large two-stor}- house, the one now standing, for a tavern. In February, 1817, Benjamin Upton and wife of Bakersfield, came to visit Mr. Brown's family, Mrs. U. being Mr. B.''s sister. It was an almost unbroken forest between Elmore and Worcester, the road barely passable with teams ; most of the travel being on horseback. Mr. Upton and wife arrived at Mr. Olmstead's in El- more, near noon, where they stopped to refresh themselves and horse, and inquire about the road. They were told that they could probably go through without trouble, and started about 3 o'clock, p. m. The road was quite good for a mile or two, where some of the inhabitants had been drawing wood, but they soon came where there was no track, and it became impos- sible to proceed except by Mr. Upton's treading down the snow ahead, and then leading on the horse, making very slow progress. As night approached, Mr. Up- ton and his horse became weary ; the pros- pect of getting through the woods that night grew less and less. They thought they had got about half way. Mr. Upton told his wife he saw no way but to leave her with the team, while he would go through to Mr. Brown's for help to break the road. She consented, and her hus- band wrapped her up as well as he could, taking off his overcoat and putting it on her, and wrapping a bed-quilt they had for a sleigh robe about her, he bade her good night and started. He reached Mr. Brown's about midnight, almost completely exhausted ; aroused them, and made known the situation. Mr. Brown, his two boys, and Oliver Watson, who soon after mar- ried Mr. Brown's daugliter, started out. They turned out the oxen and some young cattle, put a boy on the horse, and pro- ceeded to break a path, driving the oxen unyoked, and the young cattle before them, the boy and horse bringing up the rear. About daylight, Mr. Brown, who was ahead, came in sight of the horse and sleigh with Mrs. Upton sitting upright as Mr. Upton had left her the night before. He spoke to her but received no answer ; again, no response ; becoming alarmed, wentup close to the sleigh, and put his hand on her shoulder, calling her by name. This started her up. She was asleep ; she was told help was at hand. She had slept most of the night. Finding they were only a little way in the woods, they took the team back to Mr. Olmstead's, so Mr. Brown and Mrs. Upton returned there, she stay- ing until the next day, the interval being spent by Mr. Brown's folks in breaking out the road. Early next morning, Mr. B. and his sister again started from Elmore, and about 3 o'clock p. m., arrived at Mr. Brown's house, finding Mr. Upton recov- ered from his exhaustion and glad to receive Jiis wife safe again. They doubtless re- membered their visit that winter to Wor- cester as long as they lived. Mr. Brown and wife both died compara- tively young, on the same place on which they first settled. She died March 6, 1826, aged 54 years, and he June i, 1827, aged 57. FRANKLIN JOHNSON, born in Leominster, Mass., 1797, came from there Apr., 1820, in company with Capt. Artemus Richardson and Amos Mer- riam ; and the three together purchased the 300 acre lot, No. 31, situated on the south end of Hampshire hill, and reaching Minister brook. They divided the right, Mr. Merriam taking the north, known afterwards as the "Adams farm," Mr. Richardson the middle lot, known as the Farris Leonard farm, and Mr. Johnson the south lot, where he continued to reside until his death. That spring, they each chopped 5 acres on his lot. In June, Mr. Richardson and Mr. Merriam returned to Massachusetts, and left Mr. Johnson to see to the land. He stayed through the sum- mer, and burned the choppings on all three places ; then worked at clearing his own, and building him a log shanty. Just be- fore "Thanksgiving," he returned to Mas- sachusetts and spent the winter. In April, 1 82 1, he came back to Worcester. Mr. J. started Fast day, and arrived in W. Fast day also, being just one week on the ro^. When he left Leominster, the farmers were plowing and sowing their fields ; when he VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. arrived in Worcester, the snow was 4 feet deep. As soon as the snow was gone, he commenced work on his land, and also built him a larger log-house. Mr. Rich- ardson came back soon after Mr. Johnson, bringing his wife with him, but Mr. Mer- riam did not return, having sold his land to Ebenezer S. Kellogg of Brookfield. Mr. Johnson said, when building his house that summer, he got in a great hurry to complete it, and when shingling thought he would not stop for Sunday, as there were no neighbors near enough to be dis- turbed. In the morning, he went to work, and laid 10 or 12 shingles, but said " such echoes as the hammer awoke I never heard. It seemed as if the sound must be heard all over town ; and I concluded to wait until Monday before I shingled any more." During this summer, Mr. Kellogg worked on his land, and as his family were in Brookfield, he stayed with Mr. Johnson. Mr. J. was courting Pamelia Brown, and would sometimes be gone evenings, leav- ing Mr. K. to keep house alone, and he being naturally timid, did not like this ar- rangement. One Sunday night, Mr. John»- son went to Mr. Brown's, leaving Mr. Kel- logg alone. About 10 o'clock, Johnson hearing a loud hallooing in the woods, went out to see what was the matter. Mr. K. soon emerged above the house, swing- ing a fire brand. He had heard a bear about the shanty, and was not going to stay there alone. Mr. Johnson said when he first came to Worcester, tlie trout were so plenty he could catch enough in the brook in ten minutes any day to make a good meal. He cleared up his land, made improvements in building, raised up his family, and ended his days there. He married Pamelia Brown, Sept. 8, 1822, who died Jan. 23, 1834; and he married 2d, Jan. 4, 1835, Olive Brown, a sister of his first wife, who is still living on the same farm. Mr. Johnson united with the Con- gregational church in 1826. He bore his share in the toils of the new settlement, and in the town business ; was a good neighbor and citizen, and died respected bv his townsmen, Dec. 8, 1868, aged 71 years. ORAMEL L. SMITH, a brother of Col. Harvey Smith of.Thet- ford, and uncle to Hon. O. H. Smith of Montpelier, was born in 1783, where, I am unable to state, but he lived in Thetford while quite young, the writer's father and Mr. Smith being boys together there. He was married at Thetford to Polly, daughter of lliaddeus Ladd, who had a large fami- ly, mostly girls. The story is told, that when some two or three of Mr. Ladd's girls had been mar- ried, Mrs. Smith being among the num- ber, a neighbor, who was not on very good terms with Mr. Smith and one or two other men who had married the Ladd girls, made the remark that he thought the devil had a grudge against Mr. Ladd and was paying him in soiis-in-law. Mr. Smith and his wife came to Worcester in 1822 or 23, and commenced a settlement on the Minister brook, west of the " corner," and lived and died there. They had 3 girls, the two oldest, Mary and Jemima, born in Thetford, the youngest, Frances, in Wor- cester. The eldest died unmarried, Je- mima married Herman JFoster, and Mr. and Mrs. Smith lived with them at the time of their death . The youngest was the wife of Capt. Edward Hall of the 8th Vt. Regt., wounded at Cedar Creek, Oct., '64, who died of his wounds at Winchester a few days after. The daughters are all now dead. Uncle Lyman, as Mr. Smith was famil- iarly called, was an active man in his day, and somewhat given to the use of intoxi- cating drink ; his naturally irritable dispo- sition was made more irritable, and he had very much trouble with his neighbors ; for a series of years was almost constantly in- volved in law-suits. Probably he was plaintiff or defendant in more law cases than many others together in town ; and almost always was on the losing side. He was harassed by creditors almost con- stantly. It is said he concluded after awhile he could not afford to quarrel so much, and was more peaceably inclined in his later years. Mr. Hutchinson's place joined his on the north, Mr. H. having another lot a mile or WORCESTER. 897 so south they were clearing, and to cross Mr. Smith's farm to reach the south lot, Mr. S. had a log-bridge across the brook south of his house ; Mr. Hutchinson's folks availed themselves of it going to and from work. Uncle Lyman, not feeling friendly at that time, forbade their passing over the bridge. One morning old Mr. Hutchinson and one of the boys started for the south lot to work, intending to cross the bridge; but Mr. Smith came hurriedly out as the others were crossing, and succeeded in pitching the elder Mr. H. into the brook. A lawsuit resulted, in which Uncle Lyman was beat as usual. During his later years, he gave up his business cares to his chil- dren, and lived more quiet. Mrs. Smith, the opposite of her husband, was a kind neighbor and excellent nurse, and often was called up by her neighbors in sickness ; and in those years when there was no phy- sician in town, she practiced midwifery, and even after a regular physician had loca- ted here, she was called upon for that ser- vice. Both Mr. S. and wife died at the age of 71 ; he in 1854, she in 1858. JOHN AND DODGE HAYWARD, formerly of Thetford, commenced a settle- ment on Minister brook in 1821, where Joel H. Templeton afterwards lived and died ; but Dodge soon after went to the Dea. Poor place, and both soon left the town. OLIVER WATSON, born in 1786, came here from Montpelier ; was a joiner by trade, and an extra work- man, making that his life business. He married Esther, oldest daughter of Amasa Brown, May 29, 1817 ; this is the first re- corded marriage in town. Their oldest son represented the town and was assistant judge of the TTounty court 2 years. Mr. W. was for many years very deaf. He died in 1870, at 84 years. His widow went to live with her son. Judge E. C. Watson of Hartford, and died there, but was brought to Worcester for burial. JESSE FLINT, of Montpelier, bought a lot here in 1815, but I do not know that he came here to live before 1820 or 21. He lived for a short time in a log-house, or shop,, which had been used for a comb shop, near S. M. Seaver's present residence, until he could build a shanty on his own land. His land was on the hill where F. C. Har- riman now lives. Mr. Flint was prominent in town matters, but probably moved away about 1830, (as we find by the land records, he sold his farm then) and went to Middle- sex to reside. He has children now living there. At the time of Mr. Plint's settle- ment, he cut a road through the woods from the Branch road, commencing near where William Maxham now lives, going up the hill by W. P. Gould's, and so on, probably where the road now goes, to his log-house-on the hill. Mr. Jacob Baldwin, who then lived with his father, Benjamin Baldwin, near "Putnam's mill" in Middle- sex, and who now lives in the State of Illi- nois, in a recent letter says, "In June, 1822, in company with Silas Baldwin, I went up to the place where Joel Templeton died. The branch road did not go where it now does, but farther west, and up a very steep hill, and came into the present road a lit- tle north from the Maxham road. Flint had begun up there, and cut a road from the foot of the hill west across the flat, up the hill by where J. P. B. Ladd began af- terwards ; and on to his place at the end of the road. He was the first man on the hill ; had his pick, and settled on the poor- est farm there. From Flint's, we went by marked trees to Jesse Abbott's, (where Harrington now lives) and down to the brook where John and Dodge (Hayward) had begun, and Joel H. Templeton after- wards lived and died. There was no road in there, Oxilyone from Mr. Amasa Brown's log-house, west up by where Artemas Richardson had begun. Mr. Franklin Johnson went up the same road to his place, on which he had built a log-house." Richard and Daniel Colby, Mr. B. says, had come in and cut down a small piece, built a small shanty, planted a few pota- toes, and were lazying round, smoking their pipes ; had killed an owl or two. They probably did not stay many years ; "lazying round" did not procure a very good living: in those times. 113 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. SaiTjuel Upham from Brookfield, bought the place where the Haywards commenced, and moved there in 1823. He was a black- smith, built a shop on his place, and did what work he could get. Some think this was the first blacksmith shop in town. Mr. Upham moved away in 1825, having sold his place to Joel H. Templeton. Judge Zenas Upham of Brookfield is a son of Samuel Upham. THE ABBOTTS. During the early years there were on Minister brook and west of it seven men named Abbott. Jesse, Abraham, Ephraim, Asa and Titus, five brothers ; Nathan and Jonas, also brothers, and cousins of the former. Jesse, Abraham and Ephraim Abbott married three sisters, named Buz- zell. There were nine of the Buzzell girls, and beside those who married the Abbotts, two married Levi and Silas Pratt, two brothers ; two, also, David and Calvin Pratt, brothers, and cousins to Levi and Silas ; one married James Philbrick and one Major Goodwin. THOMAS HUTCHINSON, with his father and brothers came from Norwich, and settled near the mouth of Minister brook, where he continued to re- side until 1867, when he removed to the place where his son, L. M. Hutchinson, now lives. Mr. H. by industry and economy made for himself and family a good home. He was for years a member of the Congre- gational church, but in some of the church's action in regard to certain members — being dissatisfied with the course taken, he with- drew for a time from the meetings ; for this he was dropped from the church roll. He afterwards came back and became an active supporter himself with it again as a member of the church, though never con- necting. July 2, 1835, li^ was united in marriage to Almira Sumner, and together they traveled life's pathway 41 years. Mr. Hutchinson was a man of great energy and perseverance in carrying out his plans, and as his views of town matters did not always coincide with others, there would some- times come a struggle, which did not always tend to promote friendly feeling. He bore his share of public burdens, and performed all his duties faithfully ; was representative 2 years. Mr. Hutchinson died Oct. 4, 1876, age 64, and his wife Sept. 30, 1877, age 60. The northeast part of the town was set- tled last. An effort was often made for a road through that part of the town from Moses P. Wheeler's mill, north through the eastern part of Elmore to Wolcott village. A petition was made for a court's committee ; the result only a large bill of costs for the petitioners to pay. The road was opposed by the central and western part of both Elmore and Worcester on account of the expense, and it would divert travel from the old county road. But about i860 another petition to the court obtained a committee to examine the premises again, and the road known as the Eagle Ledge road was made, which opened the way for many settlers in that part- of the town, and some good farms have been cleared ; and a more easy access to large tracts of timber lands, and a con- siderable portion of the inhabitants in that section depend on the lumber business for their livelihood. "Wheeler's mill" in Worcester, and " Slayton's." just in El- more, annually cut out large quantities of lumber. A night's experience. Mrs. Alma P. Howieson, wife of James Howieson, who lived in this section, relates to us : " In the spring of 1864, myself and family came to Vermont first, where we had one family of relations, a brother of my husband, living in Worcester. We came to this place, and purchased a piece of wild land, and commenced a farm, in- tending to settle i?ermanently, but 2 year's later my husband's brother, a " millwright," hired with a company in New York to go south and build a mill in Georgia. He went, and came North for more efficient laborers ; and with others took my husband and three sons, leaving me to look after things at home ; I had two little girls and my eldest son's wife with two small chil- dren, in my family. My men folks left the nth of Oct. One week after, mv little WORCESTER. 8-year old girl fell and broke her arm, which kept me pretty closely confined some time ; but I had a short web of flannel I wanted to get wove, and had heard of a woman in Calais, living near Mr. Snow's, who was a weaver ; so thought to go over and get my work done. The weather had been rough, but cleared, leaving about 2 inches of snow on the ground. It was the 4th of Dec. ; the sun shone pleasantly for that time of year. I took my youngest little girl with me and started by a cut across the woods into Calais, to Mr. Elias Snow's place, intending to make a short visit there and return in the evening by the road ; it was 3 miles round; but "over the hill," only 5ths of a mile. Having been this way several times, I had no difficulty in finding my way, besides a slight path, now mostly blotted out with leaves, there was a line spot- ted through on the trees, any one at all vers- ed in wood craft, could follow. I left home about 10 o'clock, a. m., telling my daugh- ter-in-law I would be back before dark ; she was timid and did not like to stay alone. I had a pleasant walk through the woods, accompanied by my " house-dog" and large black cat, which persisted in following, in spite of my efforts to scold him back. He followed until I came into Mr. Snow's clearing, when he retreated into the sugar-house at the edge of the woods. I found the old people well, and arranged with them to get their neighbor to do my work, and after resting awhile was about to return, but the old people proposed I should remain until 3 o'clock, when the boys would be back from their work, and one of them would go and help me up the hill with my little one. As the hill was steep and long, I was willing to accept their offer. The kind old lady filled a three-quart pail with milk to take to the little folks at home. Thinking I would have time to get home after 3 o'clock, I was willing to wait, but it had been thaw- ing all day, and when the sky overspread with clouds and a drizzling rain commenc- ed, conscious it would be dark early, I did not dare wait longer for the boys, and taking the pail in one hand and the little one in my arms, I set out for home. I had not climbed more than half way up the hill before the rain changed to sleet, and the wind rising drove the storm sharply into my face. Taking off my vail I tied it over my little one's face, and hugging her close, toiled up the steep hill in the storm, which increased every moment. On the summit I rested against a tree to regain strength. My path was entirely effaced by the thaw and storm ; but I found the spotted line, and soon started as the night was fast closing in. Pressing forward, I thought in a few minutes to be clear of the woods, but after proceeding quite a distance came to a tree directly across my path ; and looking about, I had missed the way. I went back to where I first found the line, and setting down the pail of milk, which had become burden- some, made another trial to follow the marked trees ; it was getting too dark for that, and I took as straight a course as I could, hoping to come into the clearing somewhere, knowing I could then find my way in the darkness, even. The storm now ceased suddenly as it had commenced, but the wind increased to a perfect hurri- cane, blowing down trees, the limbs falling in showers about me in a manner I never before witnessed, nor since ; and this with the coming darkness increased my anxiety to get clear of the woods. I urged my- self on, I rushed through the underbrush, over the trunks of old fallen trees, tear- ing my clothes, and lacerating my hands hands and face, on and on in my endeav- ors to gain the clearing. From the in- clemency of the weather at this season, I supposed I must perish if I remained in the woods such a night ; but at last I sank exhausted on the trunk of a fallen tree, crying aloud, lost ! lost ! without a ray of hope, hearing, which my little girl, Carrie, commenced to cry to go home ; which once more aroused me, I must not give up. Carrie needed my care ; the little sick girl at home needed me ; their father and brothers 1500 miles away ; and my daugh- ter-in-law who could not speak one word of English, she too, depended on me. I must make one more effort to preserve my life, if possible. I took in the situation. 900 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. It was a matter of endurance ; could I bear up under the strain of walking all night, and carrying that child in my arms without getting tired out, and freezing to death? I must make the trial. In the dim twilight I could see a little ways around me. I selected "* a beat." My first care was for my little one, and taking of a flannel under-skirt, I wrapped it carefully around her. The wind lulled and went moaning away over the hills ; the rain again descended in torrents. It was a perfect down-pour. I was soon drenched to the skin, although I had a double woolen shawl and a worsted hood on. Sometimes I would sit down for a little while on a moss-covered log at one end of my beat, but would commence to grow chilly, which warned me to be moving. Let me tell you whence my strength came : I had invoked the aid of my Heavenly Father to support me through this trying ordeal, and quick - as thought the answer came, " Be not dis- mayed ; Lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end." Before I had been all ex- citement; not afraid of wild beasts, or anything the woods contained, but of the cold and fatigue the long night held in store. Now this vanished ; my nerves became steady ; my strength seemed re- newed ; I walked my lonely beat with as firm a tread as any sentinel could while guarding his army against the foe. The rain continued what seemed a very long time ; though it ceased about midnight ; then it grew still colder and commenced snowing, and my little dog gave vent to to his anger or distrust by barking vehe- mently. I tried to quiet him, seating my- self for a moment on my log seat, with my babe on my lap, one hand hanging beside me ; a fuzzy head thrust up against my hand frightened me. I attempted to rise, but the animal pounced upon my lap press- ing its wet back against my face. The night dark as Eurebus, I could see noth- ing, but immediately knew my cat, which followed me. He stopped about an hour longer; then left for home. The weary night came to a close at last. I could see in what direction to go, and steering straight for Worcester mountains, knowing it would bring me to some clearing where I could shape my course. I had just fairly come out of the woods when I was met by one of my nephews, who took the little girl. I attempted to follow him to a house near by ; my strength failed me and I had to be supported by another person. My will-power deserted me as human aid came to my rescue. But about noon, I was able to walk home, and soon recovered from my hard night's work. My son's wife finding I did not come, at 8 o'clock lighted her lantern and leaving her chil- dren asleep, told the sick girl she was going to find mother. She went to my brother's, and made them understand I Was in the woods. My brother was away from home, but two of the boys took a lantern and started for Mr. Snow's to see if I had left there. But the trees falling so fast and their lantern having been blown out, they beat a hasty retreat, telling my son's wife they would go in the morning. She returned to her children, and spent the night in weeping, expecting, as she often tells me, I should be found dead in the woods. My brother's wife sent one of her boys " as soon as peep of day," to use her words, to Mr. Snow's ; who, finding the pail of milk, knew I must be lost, and gave the alarm, and before I got clear of the woods the whole neighborhood were out hunting for me. I was 47 years old that month, and the child I carried in my arms for over 14 hours, was 2^ years old that day ; but that child was the magnet that held me to life. To this day I look back with a shudder to that dismal vigil in the woods, and thank my Father in Heaven, who gave me strength to bear up and save my own life and that of my child. CASUALTIES. For some of these we are indebted to a *' Record of Births, Marriages and Deaths, by Simon C. Abbott;" published in 1858 by the town. A youth named Martin was drowned at an early day, while attempting to cross the river, on the farm where L. M. Hutchinson now lives. He was probably a son of George Martin, one of the first settlers WORCESTER. 901 who lived there. This death is thought to be the first in town. It is quite likely he was buried on the high knoll west of Mr. Hutchinson''s house, as were some others, there being some graves to be seen there, when Mr. Abel Whitney lived there. A son of S. P. Alexander, of 6 years, was drowned Sept. 1849, on the farm of S. M. Seaver. His father being at work over the river, his boy set out to go in search of him, and when missed by the family, search was made, and he was found in the river. George C. Hancock, son of Crismon Hancock, was drowned in the " Branch," July 31, 1857, aged 14. Charles Hall, a son of Samuel Hall, was drowned in "Minister Brook," July, 186-, by the washing away of a bridge on which he was standing, caused by a sudden rise of the water during a thunder-storm. Moses Rood, 3d, son of Moses Rood, Jr., formerly of Barre, Jan. 27, 1829, had his thigh fractured by the fall of a tree. Feb. 2, mortification ensued, rendering amputation necessary, under which he died. Asel Bradstreet, a child of 2 years of J. P. B. Ladd, was scalded by the over- turning of a kettle of hot water upon him, and lived three weeks after the accident. Jedediah P. B. Ladd, the father, re- ceived his death-blow by falling from a bridge near his residence. He was crowd- ed off by an ox-team he was driving over the bridge while repairing it, and fell 22 feet, striking upon a solid rock. His thigh was badly fractured, and he sus- tained internal injuries of so serious a nature, though assistance was at once rendered and medical aid procured, and it was hoped he might recover, after linger- ing in great pain until the third day, sur- rounded by his weeping family, death closed his mortal career. Mr. Ladd came to Worcester about 1823, with Jonas Ab- bott, from Thetford. He married Eliza Baldwin, daughter of Benjamin Baldwin, and a sister of Mrs. Thomas Reed. Mr. Ladd was a brother of Mrs. O. L. Smith, and first settled on the hill near Jesse Flint's, and where Willis P. Gould now lives, making the first clearing there about 1825. He removed to the eastern part of the town, and commenced anew again on the place where Ira W. Brown now lives ; from there, removed in 1833 to the place first settled by Allen Vail, Esq., where he resided at the time of his death. The wife of the writer of this is a daughter of Mr. Ladd. He died Sept. 19, 1844, at 42 years of age. Sept. 19, 1833, Elisha Hutchinson, son of Eleazer, a citizen of Worcester, was killed in Montpelier by a stone thrown from a blast on the site of the State House ; age 33 years. James, son of Thomas Reed, a boy of 14, was killed June 30, 1844, while peel- ing hemlock bark with his father and brother on the farm. A tree which had been peeled started to slide down the hill, and caught the boy between itself and an- other log, crushing out his life on the spot. Lewis Wright died Oct. 14, 1868, aged 63. He fell in a barn on which he was at work, on the S. M. Seaver place. He was an upright Christian man, much respected by all who knew him. Joel H. Templeton was thrown from his wagon when near his home, and received injuries from which he died in about a week, Sept. 18, 1852, aged 62. He came to Worcester from East Montpelier in 1825, and was a prominent man in town aifairs for many years. He was the father of Horatio Templeton, Esq., his widow, Mrs. Abigail Templeton, still residing in town, upwards of 80 years of age (1871). Isaac Spofford, while wrestling, had a bone fractured in his neck, which caused paralysis below the point of fracture, and resulted in his death. He lived 30 days after the accident, unable to move himself, and died Aug. 25, 185 1, aged 30 years. Jan. 21, 1876, Joel O. Durfey, son of Rev. Milo Durfey, while drawing logs and rolling them on the bank of the river near Edmund Utton's, was caught under a log and crushed to death. At an early day, a man and his wife named Culver, traveling through the town, stopped on Clapp hill to feed their horses. The man went to the back side of the 902 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. wagon for some grain, the horses becom- ing frightened, ran violently down the hill, and tlie woman was thrown out and her neck broken. Levi Worthen, son of Tristram Worthen, one of the first settlers in the north part of the town, went toYork State hunting deer. One day he was out with a companion in the forest, and in their wanderings became separated. His companion saw him through the bushes, and, mistaking him for a deer, fired, and Mr. Worthen was killed. His body was brought to Worcester for burial. 1865, a child of B. F. Johnson was scalded by sitting down in a pail of hot water. Oct. 14, 1868, Lewis Wright, while at work on a barn for Mr. D. H. Massey, fell some 8 or 10 feet to the ground, striking on his head, and causing his death in four or five days, aged 63 years. Alonzo Jones, Jr., accidentally shot himself while out hunting, and died Oct. 25, 1854, a day or two after the accident, aged 16 years. MURDERS. About 1862 or '63, a young married woman named Loomis was murdered on the Eagle Ledge road, her body being found in the woods a little way from the house of her husband's brother. Circumstances led to the arrest of this man, Austin Loomis, and also of Royal Carr, a neigh- bor. After a long and tedious trial, Mr. Loomis was acquitted, and Mr. Carr con- victed of manslaughter, and was sentenced to the state prison for 10 years. After serving about 9 years, he was released, having gained one year by good conduct in the prison. In December of the pres- ent year (1878) Carr was again arrested for the murder of a half-breed Indian. Wm. W. Murcommock, in the edge of Calais, with whom he was hunting, and is now lodged in jail at Montpelier awaiting his trial for that offence. [Since executed at Windsor, Apr. 29, 1881.] Apr. 24, 1867, Patrick Fitzgibbons, a resident of this town, was stabbed and in- stantly killed in Montpelier by some un- known person. SUICIDES. The following persons, citizens of this town, have committed suicide by hanging : Ophir Leonard, Mar. 1841, aged 68 years ; David Foster, Dec. 1849, aged 6g ; Mark P. Ladd, Aug. 1867, aged 50 (died in Richmond) ; Russell Coller, Dec. 1866, aged 40 (in Calais) : Samuel Kelley, Apr. 1871, aged 78; M. Newell Kent, Oct. 1876, aged y] . _ OLD PEOPLE. Mr. Howe Wheeler and his wife Ama moved into this town from Calais, and died here; he, Feb. 18, 1870, aged 92 years, i month, 19 days; she. Mar. 3, 1870, aged 91 years, 7 months, 10 days. They had been married over 70 years. The oldest person now living in town is Mrs. Esther Hamblet, widow of Jonathan Hamblet, and mother of Leonard and Edward M., who now live in this town. She came with her husband from Dracut, Mass., about 1823, and has lived here since that time. [Has since died, aged 96 years and 3 days.] Of those in this town 80 years of age and over at the time of their death, were : Caleb Barnum, 8oyrs, died Mar. i, 1843. Lemuel Blanchard, 92, Sept. 3, 1855. Mehitable Spear, 83, Aug. 9, 1846. Jonathan Hamblet, 86, March 3, 1859. Allen Vail, 80, May 22, i860. Peter Seaver, 81, June 23, i860. Aaron Kemp, 80, Oct. 2, 1864. Martha Rice, 87, Aug. 12, 1865. Gload Dugar, 90, Oct. 16, 1865. Norah Butler, 80, Dec. 12, 1867. Howe Wheeler, 92, Feb. 18, 1870. Ama Wheeler, 91, March 3, 1870. Oliver Watson, 84, Sept. 1870. Thomas McCurdy, 81, May 18, 1870. Lydia Richardson, 92, June, 1871. Daniel Abbott, 82, March 27, 1872. Stephen Harrington, 80, Sept. 7, 1873. Philip Hardy, 87, Jan. 30, 1874. John Brigham, 82, June 29, 1875. George Gould, 85, July, 1876. Silas Fifield, 87, Dec. 14, 1876. Oct. 7, 1868, the wife of Martin Costello gave birth to three children, two boys and a girl. All lived until Apr. 18, 1869, when the trirl died. WORCESTER. 903 Census. — 1800,25; 1810,41; 1820,44; 1830,432; 1S40, 587; 1850, 702; i860, 685 ; 1870, 775. BEARS have been seen in town even within a few years, yet it is not known that more than two or three were ever killed. Since the writer moved here (in 1849) there have been several "bear hunts," but bruin has always come out ahead of the hunters. Some stories of them have been handed down. John M. Young, now living here, a nephew of the hero of the story, relates : John Young, the iirst town clerk, while living in this town, where Mr. Seaver now lives, who had a nice pig in a log-pen near his house, one day, working in his clear- ing near, heard an outcry from his pig- pen, and hastening to see what was up, found a large bear within after his porker. Not choosing to lose his winter meat, he charged the intruder with a heavy lever, with which he had been at work, when the bear put himself on his haunches in the most approved attitude of self defence, and when Mr. Young, a very muscular, powerful man, delivered a blow aimed at his head, by a dexterous swing of his paw, caught the weapon, and hurled it some distance away ; and then thinking "dis- cretion is the better part of valor," beat a hasty retreat to the woods, and Mr. Young saved his pig. On the present premises of Henry E. Hunt, in the early day, when neighbors were few and the man away from home, a beae came one time to survey the place. The first the family knew of his presence, he placed his fore-paws on the window sill and thrust his nose in to see what was inside. The woman and children were badly frightened, but bruin, after leisurely surveying the room, withdrew, doing no other damage. Mr. N. S. Morley, who settled on Hamp- shire Hill in 1829 or 30, watched with his neighbors several nights for a large bear that visited his cornfield, and at last shot him. Mr. Jacob Baldwin, in the account of his visit on Minister Brook in June, 1822, said : "The Hay wards (John and Dodge) had begun there and chopped a piece the year before and built a log shanty. When they burned their chopping, they also burned their house. When I was there, their pork barrel and sugar barrel stood in the small brook which runs by the place. They had put up some posts, laid on some poles and covered it with bark, and had a fire against a log to cook by. They had a straw bed on a bedstead, and three of us slept on the bed. John slept on the soft side of a spruce board on the ground be- fore the fire. One night a bear came along, and one of the dogs put after him ; the other did not dare leave the shanty, but barked so we could not sleep. The old hound was out most all night after the bear." CHURCHES. Who preached the first sermon in town is not now known. Rev. James Hobart and Rev. Chester Wright, of Montpelier, held meetings here at an early date. Mr. Hobart told the later inhabitants that he preached the funeral sermon of the Martin boy who was drowned soon after the town was settled. THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH was formed in 1824. The original mem- bers were : Ebenezer S. Kellogg and wife Roxana, Wm. T. Hutchinson, Mary Hutch- inson, Jonas Abbott, Allen Vail, David Poor and wife Abigail, Artemas Richard- son and wife Eliza S., Amos Rice and wife Martha. The church was organized by Rev. Jas. Hobart, and he was by a vote of the church chosen moderator, holding that place for several years afterwards. The first meet- ing after organizing was Feb. 29, 1824, when Artemas Richardson and Eliza Rich- ardson were baptized by Mr. Hobart. From this time Rev. Mr. Hobart, and Rev. Chester Wright, of Montpelier, preached for the church occasionally, as also did Rev. Geo. Freeman, Rev. Mr. Stewart, Rev. Mr. Thompson, Rev. Mr. Wheelock, whose names we find on the records to 1839, and when there was no minister, some one of the brothers would read a sermon. Additions were made to the church from 904 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. time to time, Jan. 8, 1832, 30 uniting with it. Tlie articles of faith and covenant were revised in 1831, and again in 1848. Rev. John Foster was settled as first pastor Nov. 13, 1839. Ordaining council, Rev. A. Hazen, Berlin ; Rev. P. Taylor, Waits- field ; Rev. B. W. Smith, ist church, Mont- pelier; Rev. S. Kellogg, 2d church, Mont- pelier ; Rev. J. F. Stone, Waterbury ; Rev. S. Delano, Sec. Vt. D. M. Society ; A Hazen, moderator; J. F. Stone, scribe. While the settlement of Mr. Foster was negotiated, the subject of temperance arose, and the church came near being divided. Mr. Foster refused to be settled unless the church would declare in favor of temper- ance, and a council was called Oct. 31, 1839, to organize a temperance church. The council met Nov. 6, and investigating the matter, gave the church some good advice, recommending it to declare itself a strict temperance church, and deciding the petition asking to be organized again that way, ought not to be granted. The church adopted the recommendation, and Mr. Foster was ordained. He was required to quit-claim to the town for the use of schools the lot of land set to the first settled minister, which had long before this been leased by the town, and was improved land. A large minority of the church, still dissatisfied in regard to the temperance matter, kept agitating it, and trouble ensued. Mr. Foster sent in his resignation as pastor, and a council met March 18, 1840, which voted unan- imously, "That unless by 9 o'clock to- morrow morning a number of the church sufficient to sustain the pastor shall be found prepared to take such ground in re- lation to those subjects upon which the church is divided, as shall in the judgment of the council render it practicable for the pastor to continue his labors in this place with the prospect of usefulness and com- fort, the following shall be the result : " This was, that the pastoral relation should be dissolved. The church voted to meet, and did meet; next morning, 21 of the male members united in an agreement " to stand by the pastor," and declared their adhesion to the principles upon the subject of temperance expressed in the recom- mendation of the council of Nov. 6, 1839, two before having voted to rescind the temi^erance resolution. Since that time the church has been a temperance church. Mr. Foster withdrew his resignation, and continued pastor until from ill health he resigned ; dismissed by a council, July 6, 1 84 1. Until 1S44, the church was without a regular minister, but continued to hold " reading" meetings. In 1844, Rev. Carey Russell came from Hartford, and preached here, except one year, until 1852, and a meeting-house was built, the location of which again divided the church, and a large number left its communion ; were cut oft", and a bitter feel- ing was engendered, which did not wholly subside for years. Council after council was called to settle difficulties and advise on the location of the house. The records of this period are largely made up of the doings of these councils. The church voted, June 28, 1844, "to build a house of worship," and a subscrip- tion was started. July 6, " voted to locate the house on the west side of the road near the burying-ground." The meetings were held at this time in the school-house in district No. 2, just north of the present Methodist meeting-house. From this time there appears to have been continual strife, until at length the matter was for a time compromised by the Methodists, by the erection of a union house at the "Corner," March 25, 1846, when the church " voted to hold their meetings in the meeting- house so much of the time as the Congre- gationalists own in said house, not to ex- ceed one-half of the time." Those members living in the northerly part of the town, however, feeling their interests were not properly regarded, soon asked for a council, the recommendation of which was, " That the church secure a house to be controlled exclusively by them- selves, which led to their buying out other parties in the union house. Still 'those in the north part of the town were no better off", and several withdrew from the meet- ings, and united with others in forming a Methodist church. Some years later, mu- WORCESTER. 90s tual confessions were made, they were re- stored to the church, and took letters to the Methodist church, thus establishing ec- clesiastical relations between the churches. After buying the meeting-house, the church and society were heavily in debt, and Feb. 28, 1848, they "voted that Rev. C. Russell should visit other churches and solicit aid in paying for the church," which he did, and procured $291.97, and the house was paid for, and the church have since occupied it as a place of public wor- ship. Rev. C. M. Winch commenced preach- ing for the church Mar. 3, 1853, and was ordained pastor June 28, and dismissed Sept. 26, 1861, since which the ministers have been : Rev. J. F. Stone, part of one year ; Rev. David Perry, 40 years ; Rev. A. F. Shattuck, i year; Rev. Mason Moore, I year; Rev. Wm. Schofield, third pastor, from June 1873 to May 1876; ordained Feb. 24, 1874; dismissed May 2, 1876; Rev. R. D. Metcalf, i^ year; and since Jan. 1878, Rev. P. H. Carpenter, who united by letter from the Methodist church in this town. Jan. 21, 1879, a council convened, and Rev. Mr. Carpenter was installed pastor of the church, he being the fourth pastor. Besides these stated ministers, students from theological sem- inaries have supplied this church under the Vermont Domestic Missionary Society, which has always helped sustain preach- ing here. The society have had two bells in their meeting-house, both procured by subscription. The first, through Dea. C. C. Closson, cost $125 ; broken, about 1865 ; the present one from the foundry of Jones & Co., Troy, N. Y. ; weight, 646 lbs. ; cost, $287.00. Hon. T.Fairbanks, of St. Johns- bury, and Capt. A. Richardson's family, of Brooklyn, N. Y., contributed to procure with some in Montpelier. Original members, 12; admitted by profession since , 145 ; by letter, 61 ; whole No. 2i8; dismissed by letter, 97 ; died, 52 ; excommunicated, 28 ; dropped, 3; restored on confession, 12 ; present no. 50; non-residents, 22; Dec. 1878, resi- dent members, 28. NOTICES OF DEACONS AND ORIGINAL MEM- BERS. Deacons. — Ebenezer S. Kellogg, chosen Feb. 28, 1824; Allen Vail, David Poor, Mar. 9, 1826 ; David Poor, Nathan Adams, Jonas Abbott, Oct. 7, 1835; Charles C. Closson, July 5, 185 1 ; Samuel Andrews, April 23, 1871; Ebenezer R. Kellogg, Sept. 6, 1872. EBENEZER S. KELLOGG came from Brookfield in the spring of 1822, and bought the place of Amos Merriam, on Hampshire hill, now occupied by Mr. Law- rence. He sold here and bought on Min- ister brook, where he cleared up a farm and raised a large family of children, some of which are yet living in town. About 1859, he sold his second farm and removed to the village, and kept a hotel for awhile. He lived in Worcester until 1868, when he went to Hanover, N. H., to live with his youngest son, Ebenezer R. Kellogg, where he died in 1872. Mrs. Roxana Reed Kellogg, his widow, still lives there with her son. DEA. ALLEN VAIL, says his obituary, "died in Worcester, May 22, i860, aged 81 years. He was born in Lynn, Conn., 1779; moved with his father to Pomfret, Vt., in 1782, where he lived much respected till 1821, when he came to Worcester with a large family. There were only five families in town when he came here, and up to this time there had been no religious meetings on the Sabbath here, or district school. He immediately conferred with some two or three others, and they commenced meetings on the Sabbath, in the barn of Amasa Brown, in the spring of 1822, by singing, prayer, and reading of sermons, and the people all turned out to meetings in the winter, com- ing in with their families on ox teams. In early childhood, the deacon had a faithful and pious mother, and in 1807, was led to seek his soul's salvation. As an officer in the church, he never refused to bear his own burdens nor the burdens of the church. No matter the weather or his business, he was always ready to serve the church bus- iness or devotion. He was repeatedly sent by the citizens of the town, also, as their 114 9o6 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. representative to the Legislature. He re- mained a model member of this church up to May 30, 1847, when he removed his re- lation to the church in Montpelier, of which he was an honored member at his death." He lived in Montpelier from 1847 until just previous to his death, he came back to Worcester to the residence of his eldest son, Allen, where he died. Allen L. Vail, his eldest son, has been representative of his town, also a constable 26 consecutive years ; and one of his daughters married Dr. Skinner, the first physician here, and now lives in Michigan. DAVID POOR and his wife Abigail, came from Berlin and settled in this town in 1822, first occupying the same farm on which he lived for many years afterward. His land comprised the greater part of the territory on which the village now stands, and which he sold in small parcels as were wanted for building lots. He was one of the first deacons of the Congregational church, and, except a few years when he returned to Berlin to live, 1832 till the spring of 1835, continued in the ofiice until his death in 1863, age 65. Dea. Poor was a man of firm religious principles, honest in his dealings with his neighbors, and gave liberally of his sub- stance for the support of his church and charitable purposes. Dea. Poor had two wives ; he married second. Miss Clara Car- penter, who died in 1865. DEA. JONAS ABBOTT, born in Henniker, N. H., Feb. 11, 1802, removed with his father to Thetford, Vt., in 1803 ; lived there until of age, and be- came interested in religion under the preaching of Rev. Asa Burton, D. D., pastor there. He came to Worcester with J. P. B. Ladd early in 1823, and settled on the Minister brook about one mile from the " Corner." He resided on his farm until 1844, when he moved to the "Cor- ner," kept a small store, and did shoe- making many years. In his later years he was more engaged in mercantile business, in which he failed. Jan. 16, 1826, he married Minerva E. Vail, daughter of Allen Vail, Esq., who is yet Hving. Dea. Abbott died Apr. 5, 1875, aged -j-i,. DEA. NATHAN ADAMS came here in 1824, from Alstead, N. H. ; bought his land of E. S. Kellogg, and was. one of the first permanent settlers on Hampshire Hill. He removed from town, near 1844, to the " West." DEA. CHARLES C. CLOSSON, born in Thetford, Oct. 15, 1799, when a young man went to Northfield and cleared a farm, and acquired a considerable prop- erty. In March, 1848, he moved here on to the Closson farm, living there until 1867, and was one of the largest paying members of the church for many years. He was one of a family of 13 children, 12 of whom lived to have families of their own, and all but one, members of Con- gregational churches, that one being a deacon of a Baptist church. One sister, wife of Daniel Abbott, and the writer's mother, lived in this town many years, and died here. Dea. Closson had three wives ; his first, a Miss Davis, of Fairlee ; the second, Marcia Gurley, of Berlin ; the third, Mrs. Harriet Dunham, of Northfield, who still survives him. In 1867, he removed to a place he bought of E. C. Watson, near Clark's mill ; lived there some 4 years, and then where S. M. Seaver now lives, where he died Mar. 10, 1872, aged 72. DEA. SAMUEL ANDREWS, born in New Hampshire about 1797, mar- ried Jane Blanchard in 18 18, and resided in New Boston, N. H., till he came here. He first lived on the brook between A. P. Slayton's mill and Wm. P. Moore's pres- ent residence about 3 years, when he bought Rufus Reed's place near the village, and went to blacksmithing, and was many years the only blacksmith in town; but for the last 20 years of his life, labored when able on his small farm. He was post- master and town clerk several years ; also a justice of the peace. Conscientious in all his dealings, firm in what he believed to be right, constant in all his duties both to the public and to the church, of which he was a member from 1832 to his death, WORCESTER. 907 Oct. 8, 1878, at 81 years. He and his wife lived together upwards of 60 years. DEA. EBENEZER R. KELLOGG, born in this town Dec. 31, 1830, son of E. S. Kellogg, now resides at Hanover, N. H. WILLIAM T. HUTCHINSON came with his father from Norwich about 1822 or '23, and settled on the farm where Phineas A. Kemp now lives. He removed to the West about 1846. Artemas Rich- ardson and wife, Eliza S., came from Leo- minster, Mass., and made a settlement on Hampshire Hill, on the Karris Leonard farm, in 1821. Mr. R. came the year be- fore and located his land, and chopped a few acres, returning to Massachusetts to spend the winter. He was born Feb. 1790; was a combmaker by trade, and worked at that business many years. When quite young, he was chosen captain in the militia, and was ever known in this town as "Captain" Richardson. He was one of the first abolitionists in the community, and never swerved for office ; thus was not so often on the winning side in political matters as some of his neighbors of the dominant parties, but lived to see his principles adopted by the nation. He was a genial companion, and loved to tell a good story, although it was not always of his own triumph. Mrs. Richardson car- ried on the knitting and crocheting busi- ness several years, making a large amount of work for the women and children in this and neighboring towns. She has been one of the most active and consistent members of the church. She and Mrs. Kellogg are the only survivors of the orig- inal members. Mr. Richardson died here in 1865, aged 75. Mrs. R. lives with her children in Brooklyn, N. Y. Amos and Martha Rice came from Dover about 1823. He purchased -some land, which he cleared, and by the hard labor of many years, made into one of the best farms in town. He died here, and his son-in-law, Crismon Hancock, resided here many years. Mr. Rice was town clerk, justice of the peace, the first postmaster, etc. He died Oct. 20, 1854, at 75 years. Mrs. Rice died Aug. 12, 1865, aged 87. A FREEWILL BAPTIST CHURCH was organized June 15, 1826, by Elders Ziba Woodworth and Josiah Weatherly. First f/ie/nbers. — David Folsom, Mat- thias Folsom, Wm. Bennett, Lydia Ben- nett, Polly Smith, Jesse Abbott, Sarah Abbott, Levi Pratt, Edward Clough, Jr., Wm. Arbuckle, Polly Arbuckle, Abraham Abbott, Abigail Abbott, Ruth Clough, 2d, Abigail Bussell, Nathan Abbott, Eliza Folsom, Ruth Clough, Fanny Flint, Clar- issa Peck, Lucy Clough, Mehitable Folsom, Barney Sanders, Betsey Sanders, Ephraim Abbott, Susan Abbott, Jane Hunt, Cath- arine Abbott, Rachel Pratt. Matthias Fhnt was deacon, and Wm. Bennett church clerk ; and meetings were held in Jesse Flint's house and O. L. Smith's house, and also in the school-house in Dis. No. 4, which was then on the farm now owned by Horatio Templeton. Mr. Wood- worth and a Mr. Chatterton from Middle- sex, preached for them some, and May, 29, 1840, Elder Moses Folsom became their pastor, during which time grevious differences arose ; the church preferred charges against their pastor, "for consent- ing to conversation upon subjects unprofi- table" before a committee from the Con- gregational church. Elder Folsom was dismissed June 3, 1846. After him. Rev. Lucius F. Harris was pastor for 2 years, or until 1848. "Sister Ruth Clough" was the first person added to this church after its organization, July 9. Its whole num- ber of members was 93. It lost its or- ganization soon after Elder Harris ended his ministrations ; and but one now of its members is living in town, and who has not united with any other church, Mrs. Elizabeth Folsom, widow of Dea. Folsom, who lives with her son-in-law, Horatio Templeton, and is upwards of 80 ; and it cannot be now easily known, the records do not know, where the organization was. According to the recollections of some, it was in the old block school-house. Meetings were held there, also at the house of Oramel L. Smith, whose wife was one of its first members ; also were held in the Templeton school-house, and at other private houses on Minister brook. VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. DEA. MATTHIAS FOLSOM, born in Gilmanton, N. H., Oct. 4, 1791. In 1792, removed with his parents to Tun- bridge, Vt., and lived there until 31 years of age, when he came to Worcester, Oct., 1822. He was in the war of 18 12-15, and near its close came home to Tunbridge, where he was married to Elizabeth Stevens, Feb. 5, 1815. He moved with his family into a small shanty on the farm of Jesse Flint, till he could make a home for them, where he had bought on the Minister brook, where he lived till he removed to a place near the village, where he spent the remainder of his days. He was a man faithful in the discharge of all his religious obligations. He had a habit of using quaint, or odd expressions, which were sometimes very amusing to those who heard them. It is said he was one winter hired to teach school, and on commencing his school, the open- ing address was, " Boys and girls, I have come to keep school. Silver and gold have I none, but I have an abundance of learning, and such as I have give I thee," and as he was in earnest, he probably suc- ceeded in imparting to his puplis of his "abundance." He was an active member of the church while its meetings were sustained ; and when they were discontinued he became a constant attendant of the Congregational church, not only on the Sabbath, but at the prayer-meetings also, helped by his presence and prayers ; and thus continued as long as his health permitted. His last sickness was short, and his end peaceful. "Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord." A PROTESTANT METHODIST CHURCH was organized in 1832, but soon became extinct. Rev. Mark P. Ladd, for many years a resident of the town, was a min- ister of that denomination, and combined farming and preaching in his life. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH in Worcester was formed from i84i-'46. The names of the first members I have not been able to ascertain. The society was formed Mar. 17, 1848. The meeting at which it was organized was held at the school-house in district No. 2, and was signed by A. M. Kelley, Crismon Han- cock, Amos Rice, Leonard Hamblet, Daniel A. Frost, John Clark, David Hancock, Alex. Dingwall, 2d, John Brigham, Alex. Dingwall, ist, Abel Whitney,Aaron Kemp, Milton Brown, David L. Frost, William H. Cooper, Farris Leonard. At the annual meeting, Jan. 28, 1847, it was " voted to instruct the committee to hire preaching after the expiration of Rev. Mr. Guernsey's time" (Mr. Guernsey died Mar. 17, 1847), and to hold the meetings at the usual place. After Mr. Guernsey's death. Rev. Sumner Tarbell was hired, and preached some 2 years. Mar. 1848, a church society was formed, with the powers and privilege by chap. 81, of the Revised Statutes of Vermont, offi- cers of which were : Milton Brown, pres- ident; Wm. H. Cooper, secretary; John Clark, collector ; Abel Whitney, John Brigham, Crismon Hancock, trustees; John Brigham, Milton Brown, Abel Whit- ney, standing committee. Several meetings were held previous to March, 1850, to devise ways to finish pay- ing for the meeting-house and furnishing the same, which was finally accomplished. The church has continued to hold its meetings in this house since its comple- tion. The names of those admitted in full in 1848 were: Wm. H. Cooper, Abigail L. Cooper, Aaron Kemp, Dolly Kemp, Betsey Kemp, Elvira A. Frost, John Brigham and Eunice Brigham. There have been sev- eral revivals in this church since its form- ation, and many have been added to it. It now has 98 members. Many have gone out from this, as well as from the other churches, to other places, and especially to the West. Rev. Sumner Tarbell closed his labors with this church in the spring of 1850, and was succeeded by Rev. Harvey Webster, who labored here two years. Since, the ministers have been : Lorenzo B. Pettengill, i year; Daniel A. Mack, I year; Aaron Ball, i year and part of another ; Joseph House, 2 years and part of another ; Freedom Hill, i year ; WORCESTER. 909 Ira Lebarron, i year; Geo. F. Wells, i year ; Reuben W. Harlow, 2 years ; C. P. Taplin, 2 years ; James S. Spinney, 2 years; A. Z. Wade, 2 years; P. H. Car- penter, 3 years ; Dyer Willis, i year ; James S. Spinney, second time, 2 years; Geo. L.Wells, 3 years; J. M. Rich, present pastor. JOHN BRIGHAM was born at Alstead, N. H., Apr. 1793, and came to Worcester when a young man, being one of the first permanent set- tlers on Hampshire Hill. His wife was Eunice (Clark) Hutchinson, to whom he was married July 22, 1835, by Rev. Chester Wright, of Montpelier. After their mar- riage, they always resided on the " Hill," and Mr. B. cleared up a farm, bearing all the toils and privations incident to new settlements. They were members of the Congregational church many years. With- drawing from that in consequence of in- ternal difficulties in it, they were among the founders of the Methodist church, and were of its niost constant and active mem- bers. Mrs. Brigham died in Worcester, Mass., Mar. 13, i860, where she had gone to visit a daughter. Mr. Brigham died at his home in this town, June 29, 1875, coming to his grave " In a full age, like as a shock of corn cometh in his season." The Methodist society have a good metal bell on their meeting-house, and also own a parsonage. SIMON C. ABBOTT, the compiler of "A Record of the Births and Deaths in Worcester," published in pamphlet by the town, was born in Thet- ford. May 28, 1826, and from his youth evinced a fondness for study. At twenty, he entered a printing-office, and was in that business till compelled by sickness to relinquish it. J. W. Wheelock, then of the Freeman, in a notice of him after his death, says : He was by trade a printer ; served his apprenticeship in the office of the old Fat/lily Gazette, at Bradford ; worked at several places in this State and Massachu- chusetts, spending those intervals of time in which feeble health unfitted him for labor, at his home in Worcester. No se- rious alarm was felt concerning him until last summer (1857), when he returned from Massachusetts, to die at home. The seeds of disease, long since sown, had ripened into consumption. He was a young man of more than ordinary intellectual attain- ments, possessed of an uncommonly re- tentive memory, and books and papers were his constant companions. His con- tributions to the press ever evinced sound common sense, and a deep research into the thoughts of others. His character was unsullied, and so mild and urbane in his disposition, it is doubted whether he had an enemy in the whole world. MILITARY. In its early militia affaiis, Worcester and Middlesex were combined, there not being enough men of military age in this town to form a full company. Eliab Ripley and Wm. H. Cooper, of this town, and Christopher C. Putnam, Esq., of Middle- sex, were elected captains. The June trainings were held alternately in each town about 30 years ago (now over 40). Several cases of delinquencies in equip- ments having been reported by the captain to the judge advocate, William Upham, Esq., a young lawyer then of Montpelier, accompanied by Justice Ware, came to Worcester to investigate the matter. The delinquents were summoned to appear before the justice at the inn of Milton Brown, at which place the court was to be held. They accordingly appeared, with Homer W. Heaton, Esq., and Milton Brown, Esq., as counsel, and when the court was opened, a jury was asked for by the defendants, and of course granted. Two panels of jury were summoned, and for some three days they sat, calling one case after another. When one case was given to the jury, the other panel was called, until all the 17 cases were disposed of. Defendants and spectators seemed to consider the whole matter as a source of fun, and the juries did not pay very strict heed to the charges of the justice, and were frequently sent out to change their verdict. Judge Ware was also annoyed by the noise made by the spectators, many of whom were boys ; and once when he called to the officer to still the noise, that function- ary proceeded to the open window, and gravely commanded a flock of geese under- 9IO VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. neath the window to stop their noise, as they were disturbing the court. The trials were finally ended, all the defendants ex- cept one being declared innocent of the charges against them. Judge Ware said he was going into another town to see what they would do there, but he had one compliment to leave for the people of Worcester, which was, that they had man- aged this thing the d d\st of anything he ever saw. soldiers' record. This town was not settled at the time of the Revolutionary War, and no soldiers went from this town to the War of 1812 ; but some who enlisted and served in it have been for many years residents. Sam- uel Andrews, now living here, served in the army one year at the first of the war, and again enlisted during the war. Samuel Kelley, Matthias Folsom, Joel H. Tem- pleton, Jasper Stoddard are such, and per- haps others of whom we have not known. All of them are dead except Mr. Stoddard. WORCESTER SOLDIERS OF l86l-''65. Alonzo P. Benson, 11 I, sergeant; wd. at Winchester; discharged. Charles L. Benson, 11 I ; 2d lieut. ; must. out June, 65. Jefferson T. Benson, 8 A ; trans. Vet. Res. Corps, June. 64. Lucius M. Benson, 8 A ; died in Louisiana, July 31, 62. Madison J. Benson, 17 E. ; corp. ; sergt. ; wounded ; discharged. Nelson E. Benson, 6 H ; discharged. Wm. H. Burroughs, ill; died Feb. 20, 64. Robert Royce, 11 I, mus. out May, 65. Geo. W. Brigham, 6 F, mus. out Oct., 64. Silas H. Brigham, 11 I, mus. out July, 65. Francis E. Buck, 6 H, disch. June, 65. Albert C. Grain, ist Co. Front. Cav., blacksmith ; mus. out June, 65, Ichabod D. Cheeney, ist Regt Cav., trans. vet. res. corps, April, 64. Isaac F. Clark, 11 I, artificer. Chester Carr, 11 I, deserted. George B. Clogston, 6 H, disch. July, 62. Henry C. Clogston, 8 E, disch. July, 62. Aaron K. Cooper, 8 A, lieut. ; killed at Cedar Creek, Oct. 19, 64. Geo. C. Corbin, ill, disch. Apr. 64; died. Wm. A. Cooper, 13 C, sergt. ; lieut. ; mus. out July, 63. James S. Caswell, 13 C, mus. out July, 63. Geo. W. Collier, 6 F, drafted ; mus. out June, 65. John C. Davis, 6 H. Alex. Dingwall, Jr.,. 13 C. Orrin Daley, 6 F, drafted ; wd at Winches- ter ; discharged. Daniel Dingwall, 3d Vt. Bat. ; must out June, 65. Edward P. Folsom, 6 H, corp. Milan L. Frost, 13 C, died in Virginia, Mar. 6, 63. John George, 8 E, discharged. Levi George, 8 E, do. Nathan H. Gushea, 11 I, mus. out June, 65. Rufus L. George, 2d Co. Front. Cav., dis. June, 65. Chauncey E. Harris, 3 sergt. ; wd in hand ; discharged, 61. Charles Hall, 8 E. Edward Hall, 8th regt. E, capt. ; died at Winchenden, Va., of wds rec'dat Cedar Creek, Oct. 28, 64. Martin G. Hamblet, 3 K ; des. Jan. 27, 62. Wm. B. Hancock, 6 H ; corp. ; wd at Lee's Mills ; discharged. Simeon Hatch, 6 H. ; mus. out June, 65. Lucius W. Hayford, 6 H. ; trans, to Inv. Corps ; discharged. Edward Hinkson, 11 I, pro. Corp.; mus. out, 65. Edwin Hinkson, 11 I, died March 28, 63. William Hinkson, 5 D, disch. Oct., 62. Mark Hinkson, Regular Army. Lyman B. Hinkson, 13 H ; mus. out July, 63. Calvin C. Hinkson, 11 L, S S. ; killed near Cold Harbor, May 21, 64. Clark J. Holmes, 11 I, deserted. Roger Hovey, 8 A. ; pro. corp. ; re-en ; wounded; mus. out 65. Lemuel M. Hutchinson, 8 A. ; Capt. Co. E, when mustered out 65. Crismon Hancock, 11 I ; mus. out July, 65. Wm. H. Howieson, 11 I ; pro. corp ; Q.M. ; mus. out Aug., 65. Seaver Howard, 17 D. Nelson M. Harris, ist Front. Cav. ; must. out June, 65. Gilbert Hill, drafted ; paid commutation. WORCESTER. 911 Truman P. Kellogg, 8 E ; lieut. ; died at New Orleans. Julius P. Kellogg, 8 E, disch'd June, 65. Kneeland Kelton, 2 F ; prisoner in Rich- mond ; exch'd ; mus. out Oct. 23, 64. William Kelton, 2 F ; killed at Wilderness, May S, 64. John A. Kelton, 2 F ; discharged. Melvin P. Kent, 8 A ; pro. corp. ; re-en. Edward E. Miles, 3d Vt. Bat. ; mus. out June 65. Marshall B. Miles, 3 Bat. ; wagoner; mus. out Julj', 64. Robert Needham, 11 I, mus. out June, 65. Geo. H. Poor, 8 E ; died of wds in La., Sept. 29, 62. David B. Poor, 2d Bat. ; mus. out July 65. Julius L. Poor, 8 E ; wd at Cedar Creek; mus. out, 65. Samuel Pratt, 13 C; mus. out July, 63. Calvin W. Richardson, 13 C ; mus. out July, 63. Plummer H. Richardson, 13 C; mus. out July, ('3- Alonzo L. Richardson, 6 E ; drafted ; wd ; mus. out June, 65. Franklin A. Sanford, 8 E ; wd Apr. 63 ; trans, vet. corps. Andrew J. Slayton, 13 H; disch. Thomas J. Slayton, 13 H, do. Theodore Slayton, 8 E ; died in La. Charles Smith, 8 E ; discharged. Robinson Templeton, 11 I; lieut.; pro. capt. ; then major, May 23, 65. James A. Templeton, ist Cav. C; mus. out Aug. 65. John S. Templeton, 13 C; disch. Horatio M. Templeton, paid commutation. Franklin J. Taylor, 13 C ; re-en. lost a leg before Petersburg, and discharged. John W. Utton, 6 H ; discharged. Edmund Utton, 6 H; wd at Lee Mills; discharged. Sidney A. Watson, 11 I ; disch. July, 65. Walter F. Waterman, 6 F ; mus. out Oct. 28, 64. Charles A. Watson, 13 C; wounded. Oliver Wheelock, 9 I ; mus. out June, 65. Albert J. Wheelock, 6 B; drafted; mus. out June, 65. Bradbury W. York, ist Front. Cav.; mus. out June, 65. James S. Nelson, 11 I ; mus. out June, 65. John R. Wilson, 11 I; pro. corp., Jan. 64; lieut., Dec. 64; mus. out June, 65. Amount of bounties paid by the town to soldiers, $5,175.00; 13 men, $25 each ; 12 men, 300 each ; 2 men, $600 each. THY WILL BE DONE. BY MRS. E. D. GRAY. [Mrs. Gray is a daughter of the late Ebenezer S. Kellogg; born In this town, June 9, 1840. She has been afflicted by a rheumatic difficulty which has made her nearly helpless for some years.] O! Thou, before whose chastening rod I bow. May I a humble suppliant come before thy throne. And may these lessons, sent in pitying love, Teach me to say. Thy will, not mine, be done. The way seems dark, and rough and long. And I would gladly lay this burden down ; Tills weary frame would seek a refuge In the grave; Help me to say. Thy will, not mine, be done. Clouds in my path have risen one by one. And like a shroud have wrapped me in their gloom; I've looked, aye, looked in vain, for one that's silver lined — Oh I can I say. Thy will, not mine, be done? Yes, trusting, my appointed time I'll wait. Patient until the summons calls me home; Ready to do, or suflfer, as Thou seest best. And saying, not my will, but thine, be done. We give the following notice of our his- torian, by his pastor, somewhat condensed : CHARLES C. ABBOTT was born in Thetford, July 27, 1831, and died in Worcester, Feb. 18, 1881, in his 50th year. He was son of Daniel and Hannah (Closson) Abbott, the 5th in a family of 7 children, but two of whom sur- vive. He came to Worcester with his father's family in 1848; in 1852, married Miss Marcia E. Ladd, who, with 7 chil- dren, survives him. He was for 25 years a great sufferer from spinal and rheumatic complaint much of the time, not being able to go about without the aid of a crutch and cane ; but notwithstanding his bodily affliction, had a clear, well-disciplined mind, which fitted him for usefulness, and was noted for thorough integrity in all business affairs, and held many offices in town ; was postmaster his last 20 years of life, and town clerk 15 years, to the great satisfaction of the people, and was a mem- ber of the Congregational church 25 years, in whom the Christian graces were de- veloped in a marked degree. For some years before his death, one could not long 912 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. be in his presence without feeling they were in the presence of a godly man, rich in humility of spirit and patience in afflic- tion ; and in all the trials and cares to which his business life exposed him, he was charitable to all, and adopted a system of benevolence, giving the tenth of his small income for the support of the Gospel and for benevolent purposes. It was his theory that the Lord could make ninety cents go as far as a dollar, and he rested in the promises of the Gospel with great peace of mind. Truly, " The memory of the just is blessed." p. h. carpenter. TOWN OFFICERS 1879-81. Clerk, Treasurer, Posttnaster . — Charles C. Abbott, i879-'8o; Rev. P. H. Carpen- ter, town clerk, 1881 ; H. D. Vail, treas- urer, and postmistress, Maria E. Abbott. Selectmen. — 1879, J- ^- Kelton, D. H. Massey, Aden Miles; 1880, '81, M. M. Harris, F. E. Templeton, L. M. Hutch- inson. Constable. — A. A. Bliss, 1879; H. Tem- pleton, 1880, '81. Overseer of Poor and Town Agent. — E. M. Hamblet, 1 879-^8 1. Superintendent of Schools. — Rev. P. H. Carpenter, 1879, '80, and H. W. Collier, 1881. Merchant.— Yi. D. Vail. Clergy. — Congregational, Rev. P. H. Carpenter; Methodist, Rev. J. M. Rich, 1879, Rev. A. W. Ford, 1880, '81. [Francis Wooster, with E. L. Hall, an old California miner, commenced gold mining in Worcester in 1875, on a small stream called Minister Brook, and took about $700 worth of gold from this mine, enough to pay their expenses, besides building a 1000 feet of sluice-boxes and in other ways preparing for 1S76. During the past winter they have formed a com- pany for carrying on their work more ex- tensively, and will employ a large number of hands. They have leased nine farms lying on the same stream, for ten years. — U Pitchman , 1875. We would like for our general supple- ment volume a complete history of Wor- cester gold mining, Winooski river pearls, etc. — Ed. Worcester item in the papers during the war : Charles Kent has sent ten sons and sons in-law into the army. One of them fell bravely fighting at Petersburg, one of them died in hospital, one is in Sloan hospital, and the rest are now at the front. What father can boast of more patriotic sons ?] ADDITIONAL ITEM FOR WOODBURY. Hon. F. C. Putuam furnishes the fol- lowing from the town records : Caledonia Co., .ss. ? Woodbury, Oct. 5th, 1809. \ The respondent, David Carr, son of Jo- seph and Mary Carr, now in court, pleads guilty to the indictment : It is, therefore, ordered and adjudged that he be taken forthwith to a suitable place, and there be tied up and receive ten stripes on his naked back, and pay costs of prosecution ; and that he be recorded in the town re- cords a th/ef. And it was done on the same day and date above mentioned. Attest, Wm. West, Town Clerk. [Joseph Moore, died in Woodbury, July 10, 1877, aged 82 years. He was a soldier of 1812, serving through the war, three years, and was the only man in Woodbury that ever drew a pension for services in this war. He married in 1815, Sally, daughter of Benjamin Ainsworth. Lambert Sprague, died in this town, July 8, 1864, aged 83 years. Thomas Bradish, Jan. 17, 1865, aged 71- Edwin McCloud, a recruit under the last call from the town of Woodbury, died in the hospital at Brattleboro Jan. 13, 1864, aged 17 years. Died at the Base Hospital, i8th army Corps, Point of Rocks, Va., Nov. 27, 1865, of typhoid fever, John Orlando Morse, a member of Co. I, 9th Regt. Vt. Vols., son of Ira and Huldah Morse of Wood- bury, aged 18 years and 6 months. Died at U. S. General Hospital, Wil- mington, N. C, Orrin Nelson, Co. G, 4th Vt. Reg., formerly of Woodbury, aged 18 years. D. D. With AM, of Woodbury, was in- stantly killed by a tree he was falling, Sept. 19, 1857, aged 3^; left a wife and two children.] COUNTY PAPERS AND ITEMS. 913 COUNTY PAPERS AND ITEMS. Waterbury Appendix Third. EZRA butler's ORDINATION. At an ecclesiastical council held at Wa- terbury Feb. 18, 1 80 1, at the request of the church of Bolton, by their letters mis- sive for the purpose of counseling or assist- ing them in setting apart Brother Ezra Butler to the work of the ministry. Chic7r/ies present • Monkton, Elder Isaac Sawyer, Ashbel Fuller, Asa Moore ; Corn- wall, Elder Ephraim Sawyer ; Amos Marsh ; Westford, Elder Thomas Brown, Libbeus Burdick ; Fairfax, Elder Joseph Call. Opened by prayer. 1. Chose Elder E. Sawyer, Moderator. 2. Chose Elder Call, Scribe. 3. Invited and received brethren into Council, viz : Samuel Webster, Reuben Smith, Hubbard Burdick and John Hoyt. 4. Examined into the state of and standing of the Church, together with the reasons of their desiring Brother Butler to be set apart ; having received satisfactory answers proceeded, 5. To call on Brother Butler to relate the reasons of his hope, second his call to the ministry, thirdly his ideas of doctrine and church disciphne ; after deliberate cosultation, 6. Voted a good degree of satisfaction, and conclude it duty to proceed to ordain ; the order of the day as follows : Elder EphrainT Sawyer to preach the sermon ; Elder Isaac Sawyer to make the ordaining prayer ; Elder Call to give the charge ; Elder Brown to give the right hand of fel- lowship. Ephraim Sawyer, Moderator, Joseph Call, Clerk. This was the first ordination of any min- ister in Waterbury. He was also the first convert, [see his biography previous] and Elder Call preached the first sermon in this town. PECK FAMILY. In another part of this Waterbury his- tory there is honorable mention of Gen. John Peck, but nothing of his family. A man so prominent and popular might be expected to have family relations of whom the reader may be pleased to know some- thing, though it be but little. Mrs. Peck, whose maiden name was Anna Benedict, was worthy any man's affectionate esteem, and this was mutually cherished beyond a doubt. She was no less a remarkable woman than he was remarkable as a man and citizen. They had one daughter, who died quite young. Their oldest son, Lucius B., who was born in Waterbury, Nov. 17, 1802, was widely known in the maturity of manhood throughout the State as an em- inent lawyer, advocate and member of Congress. He was mainly educated and his character formed in this his native town. He was known here as a boy, sober, thoughtful as a youth, rarely en- gaging in the sports and usual vivacious activities of boyhood. This sedate, com- posed and contemplative manner of de- portment adhered to him through life. There was next to nothing of playful ac- tivity and wide awakefulness which char- acterized his only brother, Cassius. Their temperaments were widely different, as their destinies in life. Their purpose and pursuits different as fame and wealth. If eminence at the bar was the aim of one, the visions of wealth were that of the other. Cassius was 4 years younger than Lucius ; established himself in the retail dry goods trade in the city of New York about 1 83 1, and after a few years' busi- ness, died. His death was sudden, and what is remarkable, this was the case of the deaths of all the family, none of them living to old age. Mr. and Mrs. Peck both died a little over 50 years, Lucius, 64, and Cassius, not much over 30 years. RICHARD KNEELAND, who was favorably known to our residents in the second and third decades of the cen- tury, in early life lived in Boston, where he learned his trade of joiner by the long ap- prenticeship then necessary to entitle to a trade reputation, when a trade was some- thing of a service. Mr. Kneeland reared a family of some 8 or 10 children. Two of the sons have represented other towns in the Legislature, one, we believe, the youngest, received a collegiate and medi- cal education, but lived to practice his pro- fession only a few years, dying young. The oldest daughter, a very estimable wo- man, never married, but at least three we can recollect were well married, and two are now living, also two sons. Mr. Knee- 115 914 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. land lived to the age of 90, and died in this town, 1867. He was always called squire, was a man of extensive reading, and had a peculiar cast of mind, and was peculiar in his religious views. OLIVER ROOD. Cotemporary with Squire Kneeland was Oliver Cromwell Rood, a man of remark- able physical energy and executive talent in matters he engaged in. He married a daughter of George Kennan, elsewhere mentioned in this history. Mr. Rood had perhaps a half dozen children, several of whom we remember as good scholars in the old schooldays of our youth. Mr. Rood had a rather varied fortune in life, and one habit, almost universally preva- lent in his day, he lived to overcome, much to the comfort of his later years. His children, so far as recollected, became respectable in life. One of them, George, came to an untimely death, as before noted. FROM MRS. JULIA WALLACE HUTCHINS. TO A ROBIN BUILDING ON A POBTICO OF A CHAPEL. Bird of the air, wliy coniest tliou liere Witli tliy wild aud tiiuid lieart, Thy nest to build, aud thy young to rear. With the sculpture- work of art? The orchard tree is with blossoms white, 'Twere a fragrant spot to rest; And tlie locust leaves from the passers' sight Would shelter thy radiant breast. The willows, bending low to screen The flash of a thousand rills, And tlie matted boughs of the evergreen Are forever on our hills. The maple leaves are broad and bright, Aud they yield a grateful shade ; Then why on this sunlit wall so white Is thy love-wrought dwelling made? I know to me it is not clear Who shall tliy instinct scan. But I smile to see thou hast no fear Of the lordly creature— man. When the peal of the Sabbath bell Calls human hearts to prayer, Thouhoverest still o'er tliy chosen cell, Though gathering steps are there. Bird of the spring, thou hast sought our fane, But darker wings than tliine Are waving where time liath left a sting On altar, and tomb and shrine. For the bittern calls from the stagnant marsh Where once ran a sparkling flood. And the owl and the raven, with voices harsh, Where the ancient idols stood. But ours is a brighter faith than theirs. Who knelt at the idol shrine; And our matin hymns should swell with praise, Bird of tlie air, like thine. A blessing on these hallowed walls Where thou hast sought to rest; May peace be slied like the dew that falls On Hermon's mountain crest. Should worldly thought on our worship jar. Or cares disturb our bliss; Should pride arise with its blight to mar. May we remember this — Earth had a Heavenly Wanderer once. And pensively He said. The birds of the air had nests, "But He not where to lay His liead." From the Vertjwnt Watchnia7i, with items from his daughter, Mrs. Henry : Rev. Andrew Royce, was born in Mar- low, N. H., June 2, 1805. At the age of 27, was admitted to the bar, but soon gave up the practice of law, studied theology and was ordained as an evangelist, Nov. 23, 1836. He preached first at Williamstown, Vt. He was installed pastor of the Con- gregational church at Barre, Feb. 22, 1841, where he remained 16 years, eminently successful, and receiving into the church 104 members by profession and 28 by let- ter, and as a citizen was identified in all movements for the popular good. Through his untiring efforts the Acad- emy in Barre was erected, and the subse- quent prosperity of the village is owing in a great measure to the flourishing school of which he may truly be called the foun- der. But his arduous and unceasing labors proved too heavy ; in 1858, he had a stroke of paralysis, and had to suspend his labor for some months ; partially recovered, he commenced to labor in Shelburne and Fer- risburgh for a time, and then undertook the charge of the small parish at Greens- boro, laboring there less than 2 years, when being attacked with paralysis, he removed to Waterbury and spent the last few months of his life. He died in this village Oct. 15, 1864, just entering upon his 60th year ; when many look forward to vigorous action, he has passed away. But his life work was well done, though finished at an earlier hour than those that labor less heartily ; and he has left behind him a good name and useful life as a last- ing monument in the hearts of the many COUNTY PAPERS AND ITEMS. 91S who knew and loved him. He left a widow and 8 children ; but two of the daughters died the following year. WINOOSKI RIVER FALLS IN WATERBURY. A description of the same fVom The Rural Magazine or Vermont Repository, yo\.\. pa^e 199, of Samuel Williams, of Rutland, January, 1795. See also des- cription from Zadock Thompson's Gazetteer, p. 825. Observations 7iiade on the Falls of Onion River, at IVaterbury, coninwnty called Biitton Falls, May 12, 1793, by the Hon. S. Hitchcock and Col. Davis. The river above the falls is about 15 rods wide, and flows along very pleasant banks on both sides. On these banks are large intervales. In a very short distance the river contracts or narrows to about 20 feet. For about 6 or 7 rods the whole of the water falls with great velocity along the rocks, in romantic meanderings, into a kind of basin formed by rocks on every side. The falls in this distance are about ID or 12 feet. From the basin the water disappears, and flows under the rocks to the distance of about 60 feet, and then gushes out with great violence. From the head of the falls to the bottom is about 16 rods, on each side of which the channel is bounded by a solid rock, and appears to have been worn out of the rock by the water. This channel is from 40 to 50 feet in width. The height of the bank on the south side, computed from low water, is about 150 feet; on the north side it was estimated at about 90. The falls along the channel are about 25 or 30 feet. In some part of the falls, where the water in high floods has worn over the rocks, are seen large basins curiously formed in the solid rocks, of 10 or 12 feet in depth, and of three or four feet in di- ameter. The height of the waters, from the appearance of the timber lodged on the sides of the rocks, must formerly have been 50 feet higher than what it now is. At the bottom of the falls the river imme- diately widens to about 25 or 30 rods, and flows gently on in a beautiful stream. DR. CHARLES C. ARMS was the third son of Jesse Arms, an early settler of Duxbury, one of the foremost men of that town, as Dea. Ira Arms, the eldest son, was after him for majiy years. A part of the time of his practice here he was a partner with Dr. Drew, his brother- in-law. He attained a high reputation as a skillful surgeon. He built the house now occupied by Dr. Washburne, which some 30 years ago or more was considered one of the best in the village. [See page 869.] Correction for page 868 : My recollection of Mr. Bryan's coming into town is it was between the years 18 15 and 20, more defi- nitely perhaps, i8i6toi8i8. I have no recollection from what town in America he came to this place, but presume he had been but a short time in the country when he came to Waterbury. He immediately opened a tailor's shop, and a Miss Scagel, ot a Methodist family, whom he afterwards married, worked in the shop, either as ap- prentice or assistant. Many years after, when he had been married and settled on a farm near the center of the town, and had given up his trade or partially so, he intro- duced Mr. O'Conner, a tailor from Burling- ton, to business in this village, O'Conner then being a young man. He did a good business at his trade many years, and final- ly died in the place. Some time not dis- tant from O'Conner's coming, either before or after, I have no definite dates, an Irish- man and Catholic, by the name of Clarke, came to town next ; these were the first three Catholics of whom I have recollection as residents. After these, and especially after the building the railroad commenced, they came in large numbers. Father O'Calligan, the priest, visited these families occasionally, probably more than 40 years ago. And it was said that he gave Clarke a cow, or money to buy one, as he was in very destitute circumstances. R. B. [Since the foregoing was in type we have the following information from a son of Patrick Bryan, the only representative of the family living now in Waterbury : " My father was born in London, and learned his trade there. His parents were Irish, as his name indicates. He came from London to Quebec, and from there directly to Waterbury about 18 14 or '15. His fam- ily were 6 sons and two daughters. The dauditers, in succession, married the same 9i6 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. man, a son of one of the large Atkins fam- ilies. Neither of them lived more than a few years after marriage." "I did not particularly inquire after the brothers (says my informant, who reports to me from the son at Waterbury), but my impression is, two of them went West and one to Can- ada, perhaps 15 to 20 years ago, and one of them died here a few years since. The father and mother and one or two, if not all of the children who have died here, were buried in Burlington. Mr. Bryan did not remain at the village long. He soon purchased and moved to a farm near the Centre. Many years ago his house was a resort for Irishmen, and Catholic meetings were held there ; but after the coming of Mr. O'Connor to the village, meetings were held at his house part of the time. I think none of the O'Connor boys were enlisted in the war from this town, but they very likely may have been in the war, having enlisted for other towns.] CASUALTIES CONTINUED. Among which may be reckoned the sin- gular occurrence at the liquor agency several years ago. Two intoxicated men demanded liquor, and threatened the agent who was in feeble health. It became nec- essary to call the aid of a neighbor to remove the principal offender. Though this was done with the least possible vio- lence, the man died in a few minutes, as if in a fit. Great excitement followed among the man's friends ; and finally the man who had the offender in hand at the time of his death, demanded the disinterment of his body, and that a post mortem examination should be had. The result proved the man free of any blame for rough handling the deceased. THE MEAKER MURDER. About 2 years ago, Apr. 27, 1880, a most cruel murder was perpetuated in Wa- terbury, though none concerned in the crime, nor the victim, were residents of this town. It was planned in Duxbury, at the home of criminals, but executed in our town. In the arrangements, some originality of in- vention is seen, but it involves too many details and too much exposure to observa- tion, to make it easy of concealment. Little Alice Meaker, the victim, was, if we remember aright, a half-sister of Mr. Meaker, an orphan, or half orphan, and a pauper in another town, the overseer of which had agreed to pay a certain sum in money to Meaker to take Alice to support during her minority. Mrs. Meaker dis- liked, or had become tired of the child, and planned to get rid of her by a cruel crime. She and her son got a team at Mr. Bates' stable in Waterbury, and a supply of poison of Mr. Carpenter, a druggist here. The Meaker mother and son, and Alice, left "Waterbury village between 9 and 10 in the evening, to go some 5 or 6 miles up Waterbury River, and on their way administered the poison, probably finding compulsion necessary. If particulars are here omitted, the read- er may imagine how they proceeded and some of the incidents of that awful ride. By some means, the child came to her death, was concealed in a hole in the ground partly filled with water, dug proba- bly by road makers, and being ready made, was taken by the Meakers. The disap- pearance of the child immediately raised suspicion in the neighborhood ; the result was Sheriff A therton succeeded in drawing out from young Meaker the fate of the child, and the disclosure of the place of concealment, which was verified by Ath- erton and Meaker going to the place and finding the body, and their taking it to Meaker's house, the young man telling his mother he had told the story, to the con- sternation of the mother. The result is they are now under sentence of death, from which they can have little hope of escape. Errata. — Page 850, middle of 2d column, 25 years ago should read 1821, and same paragraph, after merchant, should read merchant of Chicago ; near the top same column, Rev. Dr. Warren should be Rev. Mr. ; and at the foot of the Moody column, page 860, should have been added Calvin B. Moody, youngest son of George, is a graduate of Middlebury college, and now a Congregational minister. r. b. COUNTY PAPERS AND ITEMS. 917 PAPER FOR MORETOWN. FROM GEORGE BULKLEY. The first town meeting in Moretown was held Mar. 22, 1792, and Seth Munson was elected town clerk ; in 1794, Joseph Hasel- tine ; 1796, John Burdick ; 1797, Joseph Haseltine ; 1800, Wright Spalding; 1801, Roswell Smith; 1805, Abner Child; 1816, Theophilus Bixby ; 1818, Paul Mason; 1822, Ebenezer Johnson; 1832, Lester Kingsley ; 1881, James Haylett. REPRESENTATIVES. The first Freeman's meeting was Sept. 2, 1794, and Lester Moseley was elected representative; 1795, 8, 11, Joseph Ha.sel- tine ; 1796, 1803, Wright Spalding; 1801, 2, Seth Munson; 1805, 14, 33, Cephas Carpenter; 1809, Seth Munson ; 1815, 16, Seth Munson; 1820, Rufus Clapp ; 1821, 22, Paul Mason ; 1823,28, 29, John Fos- ter; 1824,5, Barnabas Mayo ; 1826, 27, David Belding ; 1830, Harvey W. Carpen- ter; 1831, Stephen Pierce; 1832, 44, Cal- vin Clark; 1834, 5, Wm. Harris; 1836, 7, 9, Ira Carpenter; 1838, Joseph Sawyer; 1840,41, Lester Kingsley; 1842, 43, M. B. Taplin ; 1845, Daniel Harris; 1846, Barnabas Mayo ; 1847, Richard H.Kim- ball; 1848, D. P. Carpenter; 1849, 50, Dennis Child; 1851, 2, Uriah Howe; 1853, Leonard R. Foster; 1854, Osgood Evans; 1855, Joseph N. Savage; 1856, Henry Kneeland ; 1857, 8, John C. Clark; 1859, 60, Carter Haskins ; 1861, 70, Lo- renzo D. Hills; 1862, 3, Austin G. Pren- tiss; 1864, Geo. Bulkley; 1865, 6, Hiram Hathaway; 1867, 8, Freeman Parker; 1869, Benj. A. Holmes; 1872, James Stewart; 1874, 6, Goin B. Evans; 1878, George Howes; 1880, Russell Sawyer. As far back as my memory extends, Ira Carpenter was post master, then Dr. Kingsley, then Nathan R. Spaulding, then Geo. M. Fletcher. Cornelia J. Child, (page 609,) was the daughter of Eber Carpenter Child, who died in Moretown a few years since, aged 76. Cornelia is the wife of Allen C. Baker, and has 6 children. Mr. and Mrs. Baker are school teachers, and now reside in Alabama. Mrs. Celia R. Baxter. PETER JOHONNOTT AND FAMILY, BARRE. BY R. R. CROSBY. Peter, Sr., born at Boston, Mass., July 20, 1772, died at Richmond, 111. (Solon village), Aug. 29, 1865. He was a vol- unteer from Barre to the Battle of Platt.s- burgh, Sept. 1814; residence, Barre; mar- ried first, at Suffield, Oct. 20, 1796, Ruth Sheldon, b. in Suffield, Conn., Dec. 31, 1778; died at Barre, Oct. 31, 1807; sec- ond, married, at Barre, June 26, 1808, Sarah Wheaton, b. in Leicester, Mass., Apr. 27, 1775; died at Barre, Aug. 29, 1854; children : Peter Johonnott, Jr., b. atSuffield, Conn., Mar. 6, 1798, died at Montpelier, Vt., Jan. 29, 1967; married Mar. 13, 1825, Nancy Blanchard, b. at Barre, Feb. 23, 1802, d. at Montpelier, July 4, 1872 ; children : Albert Johonnott, b. Jan. 18, 1826; residence, Montpelier; married. May 31, 1853, Mary J. Parker, b. in Plainfield, N. H., Aug. 29, 1827; children: Arthur Peter Johonnott, b. in Barre, Feb. 27, 1854, married at Montpelier, 1879, Cora King, b. at East Montpelier ; d. April 17, 1881; I child, b. April, 1881. Ellen M. Johonnott, b. in Barre, Oct. 20, 1855; married, at MontpeUer, George Kellogg, b. in Boston, Mass.; i child, b. in Montpelier. Emily Johonnott, b. in Barre, Oct. 27, 1827; residence, Richmond, 111. Aaron M. Pettengill (her husband), b. in Barre, June 10, 1825; married at Barre, Apr. 10, 1850 ; their daughter, Ada N. Pettengill, b. in Barre, May 4, 1851, married Roswell H. Peck at Richmond, 111., Dec. 12, 1876; residence, Montpelier; children: Julia Emily, b. May 5, 1879, Wm. Martin, b. Dec. 14, 1880. Ellen M. Johonnott, b. in Barre, July 20, 1829, d. Apr. 20, 1830; Martha Jo- honnott, b. in Barre, June 4, 183 1, resi- dence Montpelier; Fred Johonnott, b. in Barre, Jan. 15, 1835, residence Burling- ton ; Harriet Glover (his wife) , born in Boston, Mass., Sept. 20, 1842, married at Barre, May 17, 1865; 3 children: Fred, Frank, Martha. Ruth Johonnott, b. in Suffield, Conn., Jan. 27, 1801, d. at Richmond, 111., Mar. 9i8 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. 20, 1874; m. July 30, 1837, at Saugetuck, Mich., to John C. Wooster, b. in Oxford, Conn., Aug. 2, 1809; d. at Solon, 111., Sept. 23, 1877. Asa Johonnott, b. in Barre, Sept. 11, 1802, married Harriet M. Chesley, at Boston, Mass., Apr. 1836; residence, Richmond, 111; Mary Fuller, his 2d wife, widow of Loyal Wilson, b. Dec. 5, 1813, in New Hampshire, married Jan. 16, 1851 ; children : Rensselaer, b. in Richmond, 111., Dec. 5, 1851, married Clara Turner; Byron, b. in Richmond, June 29, 1854, d. Apr. 4, 1856; Frank, b. in Richmond, July 27, 1857. Edwin Sheldon Johonnott, b. in Barre, Mar. 5, 1805, d. in Richmond, 111., Aug. 10, 1847 ; married, at West Hartford, Conn., Marietta Steele Crosby, b. Jan. 12, 181 1 ; died at Grant, 111., Jan. 6, 1841 ; married, Feb. 15, 1831 ; children: Robert, b. in Burlington, Nov. 2, 1833; residence, Richmond, 111. ; wife, Frances A. Rice, b. in Fall River, Mass., June 16, 1841, mar- ried at Bliven's Mills, 111., Mar. 15, 1859; residence, Richmond, 111.; children: Ma- rietta S., b. at Bliven's Mills, June 15, i860; Louise R., b. May 12, 1862; Ger- trude Crosby, b. Mar. 19, 1864; Henry Wooster, b. Oct. i, 1866; Louis Bliven, b. Feb. 26, 1873; Frances Katharine, b. Apr. I, 1875 ; Helen Josephine, b. Jan. 4, 1878. Gertrude Crosby Johonnott, b. in Sauga- tuck, Mich., Apr. 16, 1836, married San- ford Fillmore Bennett, b. in Eden, N. Y., June 21, 1836; residence at Richmond, 111. ; married Mar. 15, i860, at Richmond ; He is a physician, the author of " Sweet Bye and Bye ; " children : Edwin Richard- son, b. in Elkhorn, Wis., July 30, 1861 ; Robert Crosby, b. May. 21, 1866; May Ruth, b. May 16, 1869. Edwin Sheldon Johonnott, Jr , b. Dec. 29, 1838, at Grant, 111., married, Aug. 16, 1866, Laura Frances Brown, b. in London, Eng., Mar. 2, 1847 ; residence, Richmond, 111. ; children : Edwin Sheldon, b. in Richmond, Nov. 9, 1868; Eben Crosby, b. Apr. 16, 1870; Ruth Mary, b. Apr. 16, 1872; Wm. Bradford, Sept. 11, 1873. Leonard Johonnott, son of Peter, Sr., b. in Barre, Aug. 5, 1809; residence, Bur- lington ; married at Lyndeborough,N. H., Oct. 13, 1841, Harriet Felicia Page, b. in Burlington, Dec. 3, 1817, dau. of Colonel Lemuel and Clarissa (Whitney) Page ; children all born in Burlington. Lemuel Page Johonnott, b. Dec. 20,1842, married Emma Barnes, of Burlington ; children, all born in Burlington : Mary Harriet, b. Feb. 1868; Laura, b. Jan. 17, 1870; Maud Louisa, Leonard J. Henry Whitney Johonnott, b. Aug. 26, 1844, d. Feb. II, 1849. Horace Lane Johonnott, b. Nov. 26, 1846, married Emily Wheaton. b. in Barre, June, 1876. Sarah Johonnott, b. in Burlington, Aug. 20, 1848, married Fred Bowles, formerly of Burlington, now of Chicago ; died in Chicago, 111., Mar. 29, 1876; left one dau. Jennie ; and an infant child of a few weeks was brought home with her in the same casket ; buried at Burlington. Henry Whitney Johonnott, b. Sept. 12, 1850, resides in Philadelphia. Albert Johonnott, son of Peter, Sr., b. in Barre, Mar. 24, 1812, d. May 2, 1813. Louisa Johonnott, b. at Barre, Sept. 13, 1814; residence, Richmond, 111. ; married, at Barre, Oct. 16, 1836, Rensselaer R. Crosby, b. Jan. 8, 1809, at West Hartford, Ct. ; residence, Richmond, 111. Sarah Maria Johonnott, b. in Barre, July 20, 18 17, died in Burlington, Mar. 9, 1853; married at Barre, June 25, 1845, Thomas Jefferson Blanchard, b. Apr. 19, 1818, at Barre; his son, Albert, b. in Burlington, May 7, 1846, d. Sept. 6, 1877, in Barre. Mary Ann Johonnott, b. in Barre, Dec. 14, 1820, married, Dec. 4, 1853, Andrew Bourne, b. in Redfield, N. Y., Jan. 31, 1820 ; residence, Woodstock, McHenry Co., 111.; children: Harry Peter, b. in Richmond, 111., Jan. 8,1856 ; Willis Reuben, b. Nov. 28, 1857, d. May i, 1881, at Kenosha, Wis., by accident. Early Patents. — The Mirror of the Patent Office in the United States, quar- terly, vol. I, No. I, that gives the patents COUNTY PAPERS AND ITEMS. 919 taken out in 1827, gives 22 states repre- sented, Vermont standing the loth in the largest number, viz. : 10 patents in the State in 1827, and total to 1828, 18 pat- ents on record in the patent office at Washington, of which four were taken in Addison Co., five in Windham Co., three in Washington Co., two in Windsor Co., etc.: "Building bridges, patent for, to Napthalia Bishop, Barre, Vt., Jan. 11, 1819;" "Cotton, etc., machine for spin- ning. G. Brewster, G. Trumbull and J. Matthews, Barre, Vt., Jan. 16, 1812;" "Cheese-press, J. Bigelow, Montpelier, Vt., Jan. 25, 1816." THE WHEAT AND THE TARES. Composed upwards of fifty years ago by Rev. Wm. Farwell, of Barre, a Univer- salist clergyman of some distinction at that time, and who was a pupil of the pio- neer of that faith, the Rev. John Murray. The copy was made by a son of the writer of the verses. Col. Lemuel Fai^well, of Barre, who died many years ago in that town. They were written by him from memory, and given to Edmund Doty, of Montpelier, in 1821, from whose daughter I received them 20 years ago. They are purely of Vermont origin, originally in- tended for a hymn, and though I have not heard the tune for a great number of years, it is as familiar to my ear as any in the Psaltery. — {Vermont Record of 20 years since.] 'Twason the green banks of Eupbrates's stream Jelioval), omniscient, all-wise and supreme. First stationed our Father in Eden's green bower. And Eve, his companion, a delicate flower; He sow'd their young bosoms with seed in their youth. With reason, benevolence, virtue and truth, [sown, And on the same ground where the choice wheat was The tare by the tongue of the serpent was thrown. 'Tis plain to be seen thus the heart is the ground Where truth and deception are both to be found; These are the two seeds which the human heart bears, And all that is meant by the Wheat and the Tares. The servants of old saw not in their day, Kow God his great goodness to man would convey; They saw not the depth of that wonderous Flan Which wisdom hath drawn for the welfare of man. The servant saw tares with the wheat bearing fruit, Said, Let us go pull up each Tare by the root;— The mild voice of wisdom said, no, forbear, Lest that, by so doing, the wheat you Impair: Let both grow together till ripe in the field, That man may partake of W\^ fruits, they both yield. That by their effects he may well ascertain [pain. That truth yields him pleasure, while falsehood yields Man early imbibed false notions of God; Supposed him a tyrant, and vengeful his rod; The hand ol tradition, e'er since man begun Hath borne the delusion from father to son : The Father of Mercy His bosom unfurled, Sent Christ to bear witness of Him to the world; Invested with virtue and wisdom to prove That God is eternal, unchangeable love. The Jews disbelieved and quickly began To seek the sweet life of that innocent Man; Condemned him unjustly to hang on the tree. And beai the keen anguish of death's agony; The earth was convulsed, her bosom distressed. The Heavens in mourning appeared to be dress'd The Stars and palama, and Sol's rolling flame. All sank from beholding the death of the Lamb. His healing the sick, his raising the dead, His feeding the hungry with meat, drink and bread, His casting out devils, restoring the blind, All prove Him who sent him a Friend to mankind. The love that inspired him, whilst he was on Earth, Was stronger, ten thousand times stronger than death ; Love prompted to finish the task that was given. Raised from the dead to the mansions of heaven. By this we discover that mankind shall have A lasting existence beyond the cold grave; Removed from a state of corruption like this. To dwell in perfection's soft bosom of bliss,— The Old Dispensation pass'd oflf and the New Unveiled a scene of bright glory to view; The banner, bright banner, of truth was unfurled, The Ensign of Peace and good will to the World. The harvest appeared, the fields were all white. The reapers came forth at the first dawn of Light; The reapers are those whom our God doth inspire, To gather up falsehood and burn it with fire: The Spirit of Truth is the sickle so keen, The luminous flame is the Aire which we mean; The temple of friendship and love is the i)lace For the mind, when refined, ^of the whole human race. [We have but a few papers more in hand as yet for this town. We have re- quested a full second chapter for Barre, especially in regard to the early settlers, and think to have it for the supplementary part of our next volume ; and there will also be space in the supplement for mat- ters of interest in other towns of this County, not yet included ; and every party who may have such facts or papers to con- tribute are invited to send them in, either through their town historian, or directly to the editor in the course of the next few months. We have arranged our papers beyond for this volume. We can only now fill a few more pages : but anon, if, as we look for, we are helped to complete our record for the Gazetteer, we will have the history of the Barre circuit and the Meth- odist church promised by Rev. J. R. Bart- lett ; and papers for other towns.] 920 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Berlin. — A song found in the carpet- bag of the late Maj. R. B. Crandall. It is a piece of more than usual merit, and the premonition of his own death in the last verse, must be touching to all the friends of this gallant and accomplished officer : THE WHITE-CROSS BANNER. BY MAJ. K. B. CRANDALL, Huzza for the Banner that bears the White Cross 1 Huzza for the Flag ever foremost in fight.' On tlie storm-tide of battle it ever shall toss. Till the foes who oppose it are scattered in flight. The soldiers who follow the Banner of Light Are true in devotion and strangers to fear; For God and for Country, for Union and Right, They will fight to the last, and then die with a cheer. OhI many's the time in the good Jays of yore When the Cross, all resplendent in glory, hath shone, But never since Christ it to Calvary bore. Hath it emblemed a cause more true than our own. Young sister, art thou, O, Banner, war-born. To our country's proud ensign, the cherislied star- flag; Our affection for both is only less warm Than the hate that we feel for the South's dastard rag. Brigade of Vermont, dost remember the d.iy When on Marye's stern heights, through smoke and the gloom. How the Cross, on its bright field of blue, flashed its way — Our hope amid death, but to traitors a doom. Brave sons of New York, and ye strong men of Maine, How many a dying eye has been turned From your ranks to that flag which, through glory and pain. You followed, tho' lightnings of death 'round you blazed. Oh! patriot hearts, that have throbbed by our side, As we've followed that flag on fierce tields full a score ! Oh! glorious hearts, that have bled and then died, Your comrades are bearing that flag as of yore. OhI cause, that is worthy of lives such as these. Oh: cause, that is worthy of all we can give. We swear to uphold thee; tho' rivers and seas Shall pour from our veins, the Republic shall live. Then anew gird your loins, shake out to the sun The bonnie blue flag, the White Cross adorning; Sound the clarions of war, be the battle begun. And the night of our land shall be changed into morning. But, oh! if I fall in a cause so sublime, I shall join the brave souls that already have bled; Tell parents and friends to let the bells chime In slow, plaintive strains for her sons that are dead. Brandy Station, Mar. 7, 1864. [The bat tie-flag of the 2d division, 6 th corps, the field Is of l)lue, with a white cross in the center.] [The Song was set to music by N. L. Phillips of Barre, some 16 or 18 yrs. since. Mr. Phillips, noticed in Montpelier history, page 591, is a musical composer; has written several songs and ballads, no notice of whom in Barre, this volume, is one of the omissions there to be yet redeemed.] Cabot. — The foliovvlhg legacies have been left to the Congregational church in this town for the support of preaching and incidental expenses: i866, Nathaniel Co- burn, $500; 1867, John R. Putnam, $100, Dea. Edward G. Haines, $200, A. P. Perry, $400, Ira Fisher, $600. CALAIS POEMS. INCIDENTS IN THE HISTORY OF VERMONT. Written, and sung by J. M. Dana, a long time resi- dent of this town, before the Freemen of Calais, Sept. 1, 1840. Air:— "'We'll settle on the Banks of the Ohio." When our fathers left their native climes and came among these hills. They were pleased with these green mountains with the values and the rills; They began to settle here, a hundred years ago or more. Yes, Fort Dumnier sure was built in seventeen hun- dred and twenty four. In seventeen hundred and twenty fou:. Fort Dummer was the door; Vermont was not then known in seventeen hundred and twenty four. To these hills so green and pretty. New Hampshire laid a claim ; And she made large grants of land to the settlers of the same. But New York conceiving she had the better right to sell, Began contending with New Hampshire, and the issue is to tell. Yes, the story is to tell- How the savages did yell — And how many lives they took where we peaceably now dwell. To the English crown the parties referred the case for time. Decision formed York East unto the Connecticut line But New York was still dissatisfied and called out her men — And the future State turned out under ETHAN AL- LEN then. Under Ethan Allen then. They would face the Lion's deu; The green mountain boys were noted for their strength and courage then. I, Ethan Allen, ask of you Ticonderoga"s Fort, ' By what authority your claim,' to him was the re- tort; ' In the name of the Great Jehovah and of Congress' I am sent. We surrender then to you and our massacre prevent, Yes, our massacre prevent. Not because our powder 's spent. But because of those green-mountain boys that Con- gress has you sent. COUNTY PAPERS AND ITEMS. 921 In seventeen hundred eigh'y, tliree hundred persons mostly blacked Commenced tlie work of plunder and Royalton attack'ed. — They killed all their cattle, with all their sheep and hogs, Burnt buildings and made captives,— Oh, what cruel, saucy dogs! Yes ,wliat cruel saucy dogs, Vermont lias no such rogues. But we met the same at Plattsburgh and they 're all beneath the sods. They had no form of government among the hills of yore. But the hard fists of the yankees which their foes could never bear; In seventeen hundred seventy seven their first conven- tion cut An independent government, and made their first debut. Yes, they made their first debut, Called New Connecticut, And sometimes it's called Vermont from tlie green hills and the hut. The green mountain State Vermont had four claims upon it now, Massachusetts and New Hampshire said she must unto them bow; New York also said then her claim, should not abate. But Vermonters said unto New York we think you'd better wait, — Yes, we think you'd better wait And secure a better fate, Than to meet old Ethan Allen here, for then 'twill be too late. ' He's the bravest of the brave,— he asks nothing but tlie right. And if refused his honest claim, he's ready then to figlit;' While thus he aided government,green-mountain boys were true. They were fighting some at Guilford and at Benning- ton for you, — Yes, at Bennington from you The British soldiers flew. These green mountaiu boys there beat ihem, and 700 of them slew. In seventeen hundred eighty, an attempt was made to bring Vermonters to the British rule and subject to the king, While Allen, joined with VVarner, negociated well. How these heroes cheated Briton then remains as yet to tell,— But I'm now about to tell When my Lord Cornwallis fell. These hill-boys thought their home-made laws would suit them quite as well. Have you ever seen the man who drew his goods him- self by hand. From Montpelier into Calais and the first beginning planned. He still resides in town much respected by us all. His name Abijah Wheelock the first settler we call, — The first settler we call. But this is not quite all, — An honest man we think he is as any since the fall. His wife came in on snow-shoes eleven miles or more. The snow from two to three leet deep, and some say even four, With an infant in her arms and some other luggage too, A task which few young women now in town have strength to do. No, they have not strength to do What their mothers did pursue In the good old fashioned days of yore which time takes our view. In seventeen hundred eighty nine new Vermont agreed to pay. Thirty thousand dollars cash from New York to get away ; She became an independent State, our Union then began. She was voted such by Congress seventeen hundred ninety one— In seventeen hundred ninety one. With Chittenden her son, Vermont assumed her place in seventeen hundred ninety one. In seventeen hundred and ninety one the roads were very poor, Thro' the woods on foot we traveled with our marked trees on before. But when winters's snows came on, say four feet or more it fell. Such music with the deer we had as no one now can tell,— No there's no one now can tell. How the hounds would scream and yell. When they drove their game up to us and at our feet it fell. Vermont's first Inhabitants ahardy set of men, Hewed the lofty maples down with some fighting now and tlieu ; Their wives would use the sickle and the rake when in the field. And the husbands oftentimes to the women had to yield,— Yes, the husbands had to yield. (Not for work done in the field,) But the number of the skeins of yarn their wives quite often reeled. In the good old days of pumpkin pies and checkered aprons too. The farmers wore their home-spun coats, and linen frocks would do, The women made their cloth so stout 'twas not called poor or thin. And 'twas really entertaining, to see them card and spin,— Yes, to see them card and spin, Mid their weaving, warping din, 01 the times gone by have charmed me, so I wish they'd come again. Great Britain's on our north, yet we never mean to fear. On the East a sister State known as Granite New Hampshire, On the South is Massachusetts and New York is on the West, But ot all the States around her Vermont is still the best,— Yes, Vermont is still the best, For in evergreen she's drest. Like the country maid with milk, green becomes us much the best. Sir Geo. Prevost at Plattsburgh, tho' in a sister state, Said Vermont has sent her boys to fight, deteat Is sure our fate. 116 922 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. To his fourteen thousand men he sai'l we leave this ground of Platts, Don't you see them Vermont boys have come with green sprigs in tlieir liats, — With green sprigs in their hats, They 're ready for combats, I had ratlier fight tlie devil tlian tliese Vermont demo- crats. Commodore Downle now came up for battle but in vain, McDonough whipped blm well on our little Lake Champlain. He made for home 'tis hoped and has not again been seen. Since the eleventh of September, eighteen hundred and fourteen, — In eighteen hundred and fourteen, A treaty made between, Stop'd our fighting on the water and our merchantmen are seen. Tlie many ponds in Vermont are well stored with fish, You can take the salmon trout or the pickerel if you wish. Should you prefer the scaly perch, the sucker or the dace. You can take a back-load of tliem out almost at any place,— Yes, almost at any place. If you've the fishing grace If not you may not have a bite 'twill alter some the case. Our farmers cultivate the soil not as they did of old. For then they could not get such plows as in Vermont are sold. The hoe, the horse-rake, spring-steel fork, the scythe, the snath, the ax. We have, and when we use them well a good round price we tax,— Yes, a good round price we tax. For to none we turn our backs. In the chopping, mowing, pitching line, we're speaking now of facts. Just one word more we wish to say should you pass thro' the State, You'll find these tough Vermouters work both early, sure and late. But if one calls to see our friends from distance or near home. The best they have enough of it— you're welcome when j'ou come. Yes, you're welcome when you come, We're not disposed to gum. We'll take some good old cider now— my friend, won t you have some? The happiest people In the world on Vermont hills are found. Their charity begins at home, extends to all around, [Should fortune smile or even frown or trouble ere confront,] On these green hills there is a balm you'll find It In Vermont, You'll find it in Vermont, The green mountain state Vermont, Spontaneously it grows among the green hills of Ver- mont. [See Woodbury, pp. 882, 883.] MEMORIAL. BY MKS. lUKNE D. DWINELL. An elegy on the death of Sergeant Wy- MAN R. BuRNAP, who died of wounds re- received in battle, Sept. 21, 1.864. To free our country from the tyrant's thrall, We mourn to-day a patriot brave; To lift from oflf her face that dark'ning pall. Has made for him that soldier's grave. Full oft that voice in " gone-by " days Has thrilled the sense to concord sweet; Those brightened hours, in after lays. The soldier's tent no more may greet. To thee, dear'Lord, the costly sacrifice. We yield our brother, child and friend; Where "dust to dust " now sleeping lies, Let holy angels guard and tend. East Calais, Jan. 1, 1865. AP.IJAH WHEELOCK, [by JULIUS S. WHEELOCK, OF BERLIN.] was born in Charlton, Mass., in 1764. He was a son of David Wheelock, who was one of the original proprietors of Calais. He gave his son Abijah a deed of lot No. I, in the second division of the town- ship of Calais, dated Charlton, Mass., April 17, 1788. David Wheelock was a son of Benjamin, son of Benjamin, son of Ralph, who was born in Wales County, Salop, in 1600; was educated at Cam- bridge University, where he took his de- grees in 1626 and 31 ; came to this coun- try in 1637; first located at Watertown, Mass., but removed in 1638 to that part of Dedham which became Medfield. He represented Dedham in 1639 and 40; was made clerk of the court in 1642, in place of Edward Allyen, deceased ; was the first representative of Medfield, in 1653, 63, 4, and 6 ; was the father of Benjamin, Sam- uel, Record, Experience, Gersham and Eleazer, and perhaps others. He died Jan. II, 1684. Eleazer was the father of the 2d Ralph, born in 1682, who was the father of Rev. Eleazar, founder and first president of Dartmouth college. Ralph Wheelock was the father of the race of that name in this country, as there is no record of any other one coming to this country between 1620 and 1693, when emigration to New Eng- land stopped, when William and Mary as- cended to the throne of England. COUNTY PAPERS AND ITEMS. 923 MISS ELLEN O. PECK, " daughter of the late Addison Peck, of East Montpelier, has become an industrious contributor to the ' Cottage Hearth,' Boston, 'New England Journal of Edu- cation," 'Mrs. Slade\s Magazine' and ' Good Times.' Among her press ar- ticles may be named ' The Early Home of Governor Peck,' and of her poems, her poetical address read before the alumni of the Vermont Methodist Seminary, 1876." We hope to receive " The Early Home of Gov. Peck," etc., with other papers from East Montpelier, for the general supple- ment. — Ed. SEPTEMBER SUNSET. BY MISS MARY E. DAVIS. Lo! the evening spreads her banners In the far and radiant west. Where the crimson feet of sunset Linger on the mountain's crest; Wliile llie sun, that sliiuing monarch, Of the fast departing day. Gathers up liis robe of glory While he passes thus away. Back upon the sky of azure Steals a bright and rosy hue. Fringing all those clouds of purple. Sailing through the boundless blue; And far east, where blushing morning Breaks the silver glow of night, Even there the snow-white cloudlets Catch the melting, trembling light. Wliile o'er plain and wood majestic, Touched with Autumn's "mellow beam," And the hills, still bright with verdure, Rising 'mid the vales serene. As I watch the radiance glowing All around my cherished home, Thoughts of wonder, thoughts adoring. Thrilling o'er my spirit come. 01 if earth may wear such beauty — Earth so stained with crime and siu. What must be that glorious City, Where no sin can enter in. Miss Davis was born in Plainfield, this county, but now, and has for many years past resided at East Montpelier, and we reserved, when we compiled the paper for the Montpeliers, a notice of her and her poetical volume, except the brief notice in Mr. Gilman's bibliography for Mont- pelier, for Plainfield, which in making up Plainfield we overlooked till too late, but for a closing note. The above lines, sent to us some years since by the author, are all that we now have in hand of her writings. — Ed. UNDER THE APPLE BOUGHS. BY EDNA M. SNoWS. He lies 'neath the spreading apple boughs, My little brother Jim; No care from the busy world around Casts its shadow over him. The golden sheeu of his tangled curls 'Mid the clover blossoms gleams; He Is floating out, on the tide of sleep, To the happy sea of dreams. Dreaming there, with his bare, brown feet Kissed by the August^sun; I think of the brave and earnest paths Our little boy may run — Toilsome and rough to the idle throng Who shrink from the summer's beat; Of noble toil for those who tread AVlth true and patient feet. I know there are snares for heedless steps In the luring haunts of sin; There's fruit so fair to the passing gaze, But ashes and dust within. And I kiss the sleeper's trustlul lips, With a swift and silent prayer That the God of his childhood's love and faith Be his leader everywhere. — Prom " The Little Corporal.'''' EMERY G. JUDKINS, M. D., [FROM OBITUARY BY S. A. SABIN.] Died in Waitsfield, June 29, of diphtheria, after a sickness of but 5 days, aged 33. He was born in Unity, N. H., received his early education in this town, was appoint- ed at 19 to the United States Coast Sur- vey, and served one year under Capt. Cram. He studied medicine with Dr. Nathaniel Tolls, of this town, and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1852, one of the first in his class. He immediately received an appointment in the Hospital at Blackwell's Island, where he remained one year, when he returned to this town, and entered upon the practice of his profession; in 1861, was appointed acting assistant surgeon in the United States Navy, and served in that capacity until the spring of 1862, when he removed to Waitsfield, where he had an extensive practice and many friends, and will be remembered by many. Having known Dr. Judkins from early youth, and having been for several years most inti- mately connected, the writer feels by his death he has lost a valuable friend, and the medical profession an honorable mem- ber. He leaves a young wife. 924 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. MEMORIES. BY MRS. LAURA BRIGHAM BOYCE. From our historian of Fayston to her sister, Mrs. Sarah Brigham Mansfield, our historian of Roxbury, on the occasion of her silver wedding, celebrated at Roxbury a few years since. Mrs. Boyce and Mrs. Mansfield being the only two sister his- torians in the Gazetteer, we will thus give to them the compliment of the closing column in this County. Are you thinking to-night, O sister mine. Of the years so long ago ? Of the visions that danced in your merry head As we lay at night in tlie trun