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Spalding's Official Basket Ball Guide [for Women No. 93R. How to Play Basket Ball, Specially Bound Series of Atltletic Handbooks Any 25 cent book listed in Spalding's Athletic Library will be bound in flexible or stiff covers for 50 cents each ; or any two 10 cent books in one volume for 50 cents. One 25 cent book or two 10 cent books will be bound in leather in one volume for 75 cents. Mention style binding preferred. (Continued on the next page. Prices subject to change without notice.) SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY Red Cover Series, 25c. Blue Cover Series. 10c. Green Cover Series, 10c. Group VI. Skating and Winter Sports "Blue Cover " Series, each number 10c. No. 14 Curling "Red Cover " Series, each number 25c. No. 8R. The Art of Skating No. 20R. How to Play Ice Hockey No. 72R. Figure Skating for Women No. 90R. Spalding'sOfficiallceHockey Guide and Winter Sports Almanac (speed skating and ski records, snow shoeing and curling rules) [Edition) No. 2C. 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Each .30 COMPETITORS' NUMBERS. Used in A.A.U., intercollegiate and intorscholastic championship events. Made up in sets (1 to oO. 1 to 100, etc.). IVIanila paper Per numboi- $0.02 Linen backed Per number $0.12 Letters, A, B, C, D, etc., on manila paper, for relay races.. Per letter .05 Any of the above mailed postpaid on receipt of price. American Sports Publishing Company, 45 Rose St., New York 10-2J j^^-: r" m>^ Their Majesties The King and Queen of Belgium p-j i — ' Spalding "Red Coveu ' Series of ^ — i j— j j ' -. j— J Athletic Haxduooks L—. jZ" U No. 94R U Olympic Games Handbook Containing Official Records of the Seventh Olympiad Action pictures of important events and leading competitors, names of American teams and committees, and other information, including a complete list of Winners in Previous Olympiads The 1924 Olympic Games Only publication containing complete daily programme of future Olympiads, comprising every event on the Track and Field and Swimming programme, with time scheduled for each ; Minutes of Congresses of International Federations held in Switzerland in 1 92 1 5 Constitution of the American Olympic Association Official Olympic Athletic Rules and the Official World's Records and Noteworthy Performances PUKLISHED UY AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING CO, D 45 Rose Stueet, New Yokk Copyrislit, 1921, by American Sports Publishing Company 13 na *^^ Contents .0^ PART I. American Athletic Supremacy . . Frederick W. The Seventh Olympiad . . . . M. P. American Olympic Committee, Seventh Olympiad, 1920 Officers .... Affiliated Bodies and Representatives Members of American Olympic Committee Executive Committee Nominating Committee Team Selection Committee . Board of Coaches Members American Olympic Team Official Records, Olympic Games, 1920 100 meters run 200 meters run 400 meters run 800 meters run 1500 meters run 5000 meters run 10000 meters run Marathon race 3000 meters steeplechase 110 meters hurdles 400 meters hurdles 3000 meters walk 10000 meters walk 1600 meters relay 3000 meters team relay 400 meters relay Running high jump Pole vault Running hop, step and jump Running broad jump Throwing javelin Throwing 16-lb. hammer Putting 16-lb. shot . Throwing 56-lb. weight Throwing discus 10000 meters cross-country r Pentathlon Decathlon Swimming (Men) 100 meters, free style 100 meters, back stroke 200 meters, breast stroke 400 meters, free style 400 meters, breast stroke 1500 meters, free style Rubien Halpin §)CI,A639025 MAR -3 1922 Swimming (Men) — Continued. PAGE 800 meters relay .... 65 Plain diving ..... 65 Fancy high diving .... 65 Fancy diving, springboard. . 67 Water polo ... 67 Swimming (Women) .... 67 100 meters, free style 67 300 meters, free style 69 400 meters relay .... 69 Plain diving ..... 69 Fancy diving, springboard . 69 Boxing ...... 71 Wrestling ...... 73 Tug-of-war ..... 73 Weight lifting ..... 73 Cycling ...... 75 Fencing ...... 77 Lawn tennis ..... 79 Archery . . . ... 79 Field hockey ..... 79 Rugby football . . . ... 79 Association ("Soccer") footljall . 81 Ice Hockey ..... 81 Figure skating ..... 81 Rowing ...... 81 Yachting ...... 83 Modern pentathlon (shooting, swimming, fencing, ridinj X, running) 83 Equestrian competition .... 85 Equestrian polo 85 Rifle and pistol shooting .... 85 Gymnastics ..... 89 List of winners in track and field, decathlon, iicntathlon , marathon anc swimming events . ... 91-93 List of winners in other Olympic events 95 Winners in previous Olympic Games 97-101 PART IL What constitutes the Olympic Games . 105 Olympic programme, 1924 109 Olympic Games, 1924 order of events, track and field a nd swimming 113 International Amateur Athletic Federation 113 Athletic rules — track and field 137-166 Pentathlon and decathlon rules 167-168 Tug-of-war ..... 168 Implements, specifications for official 170 Minutes of meeting, 1921 . 174 World's records and Noteworthy Performances 186-193 PART III. American Olympic Association . 195 Committees ..... . 199-201 Members ..... 202 Constitution and by-laws . 205 Table of standard Olympic distances . 212 4 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIIJRAKY. American Athletic Supremacy By Frederick W. Rubien, Secretary American Olympic Association; Secretary Amateur Athletic Union of the United States; Chairman Rules Committee and Record Committee International Amateur Athletic Federation. While we may flatter ourselves on the fine showing made by American athletes heretofore in Olympic Games, it is becoming more and more evident that the Continental nations are fast adapting themselves to the methods that ensure success in athletic sport. They realize that systematic endeavor is necessary and are shaping their plans alreadv for the next Olympiad, less than three years away. In some instances negotiations have been opened with American coaches, with the idea of having the latter supervise the work of preparation, and while we will find it more difficult as the years go by to maintain the overwhelming proportion of firsts that it has been our good fortune to secure in previous Olympic Games, nevertheless it is gratifying to know that the impetus of the great worldwide athletic movement had its origin in America and that no matter who may win, it will be always the spirit of friendly rivalry and the physical improvement of mankind. The International Amateur Athletic Federation, the governing body of amateur athletic sport in track and field throughout the world, at its meeting in Geneva, Switzerland, in June, 1921, and the congresses composed of representatives of various sport gov- erning bodies, which held their meetings at Lausanne during the same period, discussed and agreed upon many points which will smooth the way for the conduct of the next Olympic Games. In field events and long distance running the American athlete will need a great deal of training. It is not generally realized that, basing the performances of each nation's representatives in the Olympic Games, Finland, with a small population, would be in second to the United States. This was due to the excellence of the Finnish athletes in the javelin throw, discus, shot and long distance running. In view of the great number of long distance road races that are held in this country, it seems that we are making a mistake in encouraging our long distance track men and cross-country runners to enter races of this kind, and efforts are being made to encourage cross-country running on grass over flat surfaces, SPALDINGS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 5 wliich will develop fast middle distance track men instead of developing the type of road "pluggers" over stone pavements and steep grades w^ho ultimately become marathon runners of a sturdy type, but too slow for any other distance. Another feature of the Olympic programme to which attention should be called is the lack of competition in the all-around and the decathlon and pentathlon events. The latter two were won in 1920 by European athletes, Hamilton in the decathlon and Bradley in the pentathlon finishing second in their respective events. Beyond the annual A.A.U. championships there is no similar competition, although there is a pentathlon programme in connection with the famous University of Pennsylvania relay carnival held yearly at Philadelphia, and several colleges in the Middle West also have made efforts to schedule a programme, for which they deserve much encouragement. Owing to the expense of attending these few events, which are held at long distances apart, the would-be competitor is practically excluded from participation. There are hundreds of athletes in every walk of life who, although they may not be quite good enough for individual competition, nevertheless possess ability in the several events of the programme that makes them superior in the combined competition. To this class of athletes the all- around, the decathlon and the pentathlon will appeal, and it is earnestly hoped that in the future athletic competition will be enlarged to afford an opportunity for the all-around athlete to try his skill. The American Olympic Committee has suggested an organization to be known as the American Olympic Association and 'they will be responsible for the appointment in 1922 of a new Olympic Com- mittee which will perfect its plans t(5 insure an adequate and rep- resentative list of competitors, not only in the distinctively track and field and aquatic events but in every sport in which competition will be held in the Olympic Games. Tryouts undoubtedly will be scheduled to be held in many sections of the country in due time and the national and sectional championships will devote more at- tention to the decathlon, pentathlon, javelin, discus and long dis- tance running. No athlete who feels that he has any ability need fear to enter any of these competitions; it is the best means of acquiring proficiency, and he should not lose heart because he may not happen to win the first time he competes. The final selection of the American Olympic team will be based solely upon the athletic qualifications of the candidates. Who knows but what some high- school boy of the present year may be the athlete upon whose ability American supremacy will depend in Paris in 1924! Hon. Woodrow Wilson, Hon. President American Olympic Committee, 1920. © Harris & Ewinj SPALDING'S ATHLETIC l.lr.ltAKV The Seventh Olympiad By M. p. Halpin, Manager American Olympic Teams, Athens, 1906; London, 1908; Stockholm, 1912; Antwerp, 192U. The Seventh Olympiad, held at Antwerp, Belgium, during August, 1920, was the most successful of these competitions since their revival at Athens in 1896, particularly as concerns the partioipation of the United States. At the Olympiad of 1912, held at Stockholm, our track and field team won four more events than at Antwerp. One of these losses may be accounted for in the withdrawal of S'ol Butler, entered for the broad jump, who sustained an injury to his foot in practise. I have every reason to believe that under more fortunate circumstances he would have proven the winner. Joie Ray's poor showing in the 1,500 meters run was due to an injury to his leg, which was still under treatment when the race was called. Of the fourteen records broken ai the Seventh Olympiad, eleven were by United States representatives, as follows: ' 400 meters hurdles — Wlorld's record, Frank Loomis. 400 meters team race — ^World's record (C. W. Paddock, J. V. Scholz, L. S. Murchison, M. M. Kirksey). Running high jump — Olympic record, R, W. Landon. Pole vault — World's record, Frank Foss. 56-lb. weight — ^Olympic record, P. J. McDonald. 100 meters swim, for men — Olympic record, Duke Kahanamoku. 100 meters swim, backstroke, for men — World's record, W. Kealoha. 800 meters swim, relay — World's record (D. Kahanamoku, N. Ross, P. Kealoha, P. McGillivray). 100 meters swim, for women — Olympic record, Ethelda Bleibtrey. 300 meters swim, for women — World's record, Ethelda Bleibtrey. 400 meters swim, relay, for women — Olympic record (Miss Bleibtrey, Mrs. Schroth, Miss Guest, Miss Woodbridge). SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. H American Olympic Committee, Seventh Olympiad, Antwerp, Belgium, 1920 Honorary President — The President of the United States, HON. WOODROW WILSON. . Honorary Vice-President — The Secretary of War, HON. NEWTON D. BAKER. Honorary Vice-President — The Secretary of the Navy, HON. JOSEPHUS DANIELS. President American Olympic Committee, GUSTAVUS T. KIRBY. Vice-Presidents. JULIUS H. BARNES HAROLD F. McCORMICK AUGUST BELMONT COL. A. G. MILLS JUSTICE VICTOR J. DOWLING J. W. SPALDING GEORGE J. GOULD RODMAN WANAMAKER S. R. GUGGENHEIM GEN. GEORGE W. WINGATE MURDOCH KENDRICK Secretary, Treasurer, FREDERICK W. RUBIEN. WILLIS H. BOOTH. Past Presidents. 1900 A. G. Spalding 1906-1908 Caspar Whitney 1904 David R. Francis 1912 Col. R. M. Thompson Past Secretaries. Past Treasurer. 19.00-1914 James E. Sullivan 1900-1920 Julian W. Curtiss 1914-1920 Justice Bartow S. Weeks William M. Sloane Allisi-a \ Justice Bartow S. Weeks Americajn Olympic Commissioners SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 13 Affiliated Bodies and Representatives. Amateur Athletic Union of U. S. Samuel J. Dallas Frederick W. Rubien Justice Bartow S. Weeks Amateur Fencers' League of America Dr. Graeme M. Hammond George H. Breed W. Scott O'Connor American Trap Shooting Association Jay Clark, Jr. E. P. Mathewson R. L. Spotts Intercollegiate A.A.A.A. Gustavus T. Kirby Romeyn Berry Roland C. Fenner Ir.tercollegiate Conference A. A. Avery Brundage Warren D. Howe George R. Horton International Skating Union Cornelius Fellowes David Slayback John Harding National Ass'n of Amateur Oarsmen Henry Penn Burke Frederick R. Fortmeyer . Dr. George B. Magrath Xational Collegiate Athletic Associatioi Col. Palmer E. Pierce. National Cycling Association R. F. Kelsey Walter Rink Harold Dibblee National Rifle Association General George W. Wingate Col. William Libbey Col. Robert M. Thompson United States Football Association C. Randolph Manning Peter J. Peel Thomas W. Cahill United States Golf Association George H. Walker J. B. Byers Howard F. Whitney United States Lawn Tennis Association Julian S. Myrick George T. Adee Paul B. Williams United States Revolver Association Reginald H. Sayre Ignited States Army Maj.-Gen. William M. Wright Maj. Eliot V. Graves United States Navy Com. C. B. Mayo Capt. Harris Laning Members of American Olympic Committee. George T. Adee Dr. Frank Angell Allison V. Armour Edward E. Babb Dr. J. A. Babbitt Julius H. Barnes J. Mercer Barnett LTugh H. Baxter Hon. Martin Behrman August Belmont Romeyn Berry Maj. Charles Biddle, Jr. C. W. Billings Willis H. Booth Dr. Robert R. Bosworth Henry Breckenridge George H. Breed Everett C, Brown Avery Brundage Lt. Gen. Robt. Lee Builard Harry Burdick Henry Penn Burke J. B. Byers Thomas W. Cahill Walter Camp George D. Center Jay Clark, Jr, GUSTAVUS T. KiRBY, President American Olympic Committee. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 15 Members of American Olympic Coinniittee — Continued. Col. John V%, Clinnin Latrobe Cogswell Capt. Joseph F. Conway Richard J. Collins George J. Corbett William H. Cuddy A. H. Curtis Julian W. Curtiss Samuel J. Dallas Charles A. Dean Harold Dibblee Robert W. Dodd L. di Benedetto . Justice Victor J. Dowling John T. Doyle T. Morris Dunne William H. Edwards John Elliott J. Frank Facey Terence Farley Cornelius Fellowes Roland C. Fenner Dr. John Finley Carl C. Fisher Harry W. Fitzpatrick Frederick R. Fortmeyer W. F. Garcelon Robert Garrett H. L. Geyelin A. S. Goldsmith Samuel Goodman George J. Gould Major Eliot V. Graves S. R. Guggenheim William S. Haddock Matthew P. Halpin Dr. Graeme M. Hammond John Harding Judge Martin W. Hawkins Laurence S. Hill George R. Horton Warren D. Howe Murray Hulbert W. F. Humphrey Darwin R. James Justice Ira W. Jayne R. W. Jesson Major Wait C. Johnson Henry V. Julier R. F. Kelsey Murdoch Kendrick Gustavus T. Kirby Verne R. C. Lacey Donaldson M. Lake Capt. Harris Laning Henry G. Lapham John D. Larkin, Jr. Col. William Libbey Walter H. Liginger Charles D. Lynch Harold F. McCormick Dr. J. H. McCurdy Charles J. McDermott R. Tait McKenzie Joseph B. Maccabe Dr. George B. Magrath J. T. Mahoney Dr. C- Randolph Manning E. P. Mathewson Com. C. B. Mayo Col. A. G. Mills Julian S. Myrick Oliver P. Nicola H. Obertubbesing W. Scott O'Connor W. H. Page R. G. Parvin Peter J. Peel Brig.-Gen. F. H. Phillips, Jr Col. Palmer E. Pierce Hon. Frank Polk George D. Pratt M. G. Randol Charles D. Reidpath Julian Rice Walter Rink Frederick W. Rubien Walter J. Salmon C. W. Savage Dr. Reginald H. Sayre Edwin F. Schaefer George A. Schneider David Slayback Michael J. Slattery Prof. William M. Sloane J. W. Spalding R. L. Spotts Alonzo A. Stagg C. W,. Streit, Jr. Jacob W. Stumpf B. P. Sullivan John T. Taylor Col. Joseph H. Thompson Charles Thorley William H. Todd Robert H. Treman George Turner George H. Walker Rodman Wanamaker Lt.-Com. J. G. Ware R. S. Weaver Justice Bartow S. Weeks James G. Wfhiteley Caspar Whitney Howard F. Whitney Paul B. Williams Gen. George W. Wingate M. F. Winston Gen. William M. Wright George T. Adee Allison V. Armour Edward E. Babb Execuiive Committee. Julius H. Barnes August Belmont Ronieyn Berry Major Charles Biddle, Jr. Willis H. Booth Henry Breckenridge Frederick W. Rubien, Secretary American Olympic Committee. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 17 Everett C. Brown Avery Brundage Lt. Gen. Robt. Lee Bullard Col. John V. Clinnin George J. Corbett Julian W. Curtiss Samuel J. Dallas Charles A. Dean L. di Benedetto Justice Victor J. Dowling T. Morris Dunne Cornelius Fellowes Frederick R. Fortmeyer Francis P. Garvin George J. Gould Major Eliot V. Graves S. R. Guggenheim Executive Committee — Continued. ]\Iatthew P. Halpin Dr. Graeme M. Hammond W. S. Haddock W. F. Humphrey Henry V. Julier R. F. Kelsey Murdoch Kendrick Gustavus T. Kirby Murray Hulbert Capt. Harris Laning Henry G. Lapham Col. William Libbey Charles D. Lynch Harold F. McCormick Capt. Joseph B. Maccabe Dr. G. Randolph Manning Com. C. B. Mayo Col. A. G. Mills W. H. Page Col. Palmer E. Pierce Hon. Frank Polk William C. Poertner Frederick W. Rubien Dr. Reginald H. Sayre Prof. William Sloane J. W. Spalding Rodman Wanamaker Robert S. Weaver Justice Bartow S. Weeks James G. Whiteley Caspar Whitney Howard F. Whitney Gen. George W. Wingate Gen. William M. Wright Nominating Committee for Athletics, Swimming, Boxing, Wrestling and Gymnastics. President Gustavus T. Kirby Secretary Frederick W. Rubien Representing International Olympic Committee Judge Bartow S. Weeks Manager Track and Field Team Matthew P. Halpin Representing War Department i Major Wait C. Johnson Representing Navy Department Lieut. Com. J. G. Ware Representing Middle Atlantic Association A.A.U Samuel J. Dallas Representing Southern Atlantic Association 'A.A.U George J'. Turner Representing New England Association A.A.U Edward E. Babb Representing Central Ass'n A.A.U..W. H. Cuddy, E. C. Brown, Col. J. V. Clinnin Representing Allegheny Mountain Association A.A.U William S. Haddock Representing Southern Pacific Association A.A.U Robert S. Weaver Representing Pacific Association A.A.U Robert W. Dodd Representing Pacific Northwest Association A.A.U T. Morris Dunne Representing Southern Association A.A.U L. di Benedetto Representing National Collegiate Athletic Association Col. Palmer E. Pierce Representing Intercollegiate Conference Avery Brundage Representing Southern Intercollegiate Ass'n W. J. Anderson, Nashville, Tenn. Representing Missouri Valley Intercoll. Ass'n.. S. W. Beyer, Dean Iowa State Coll. Team Selection Committee of the American Olympic Committee. Samuel J. Dallas '. Amateur Athletic Union Dr. Graeme M. Hammond Amateur Fencers League Jay Clark, Jr Amateur Trapshooting Association SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 19 Team Selection Committee of the American Olympic Committee — Continued. Gustavus T. Kirby Intercollegiate Association Amateur Athletes America Avery Brundage Intercollegiate Conference Cornelius Fellowes National Skating Union F. R. Fortmeyer National Association Amateur Oarsmen R. F. Kelsey National Cycling Association Col. William Libbey .National Rifle Association Dr. G. Randolph Manning United States Football Association Howard F. Whitney United States Golf Association Julian S. Myrick United States Lawn Tennis Association Ur. Reginald H. Sayre United States Revolver Association Lieut.-Col. Wait C. Johnson United States Army Lieut.-Com. J. G. Ware United States Navy Justice Bartow S. Weeks International Olympic Committee Frederick W. Rubien Secretary American Olympic Committee Col. Palmer E. Pierce National Collegiate Athletic Association Board pf Coaches. John F. Moakley, Chairman Board of Coaches, Track and Field. L. Robertson. .. .Associate Track-Field George M. Pinneo Wrestling M. A. Delaney.. .Associate Track-Field John Schultz, U. S. Navy Boxing W. L. Hay ward.. Associate Track-Field F. Darriculat Fencing H. M. Webb, U. S. Nav. Acad. Boxing George Heintz, U. S. Navy... .Fencing Jos. M. Bateman, U. S. Navy.. Boxing Managers. Matthew P. Halpin, Chairman Board of Managers. George V. Brown. ..Assistant Manager Paul H. Pilgrim. .. .Assistant Manager Members of Board of Managers. Otto Wahle Swimming for Men Frank H. Denny Cycling Miss C. Epstein. Swimming for Women Roy E. Moore Gymnastics Officials at Olympic Games F. W. Rubien Member of International Jury R. S. Weaver. .Field Judge Track-Field Capt. Charles J. Dieges Timer Supplemental Officials Nominated by American Olympic Committee. Everett C. Brown and Robert S. Weaver. John J. O'Brien. .Judge Boxing-Wrest. Roy E. Moore Judge Gymnastics The Late James Sullivan, Assistant Director Olympic Games, Paris, 1900; United States Com- missioner to Olympic Games, Athens, 1906; London, 1908; Stock- holm, 1912. Died September 16, 1914. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 21 Members American Olympic Team TRACK AND FIELD. D. F. Ahearn* Chicago, 111. Otto Anderson Pomona, Calif. Milton S. Angier Bearclstown, 111. Harold Earl Barron. .Philadelphia, Pa. William K. Bartlett Estacada, Ore. Basil Bennett Dudley, 111. George H. Bihlman. . . Live Oak, Calif. Max W. Bohland Glendale, N. Y. Everett L. Bradley ... .Univ. of Kansas Capt. C. L. Brosius.. Washington, D. C. George S. ButnalL.Mt. Vernon, Iowa. Horace H. Brown. .Bernardsville, N. J. Sol Butler Dubuque, Iowa. Thomas Campbell Chicago, 111. Howard G. Cann New York City. Edgar R. Caughey Ukiah, Calif. V. O. Clapp United States Navy. James J. Connolly Woburn, Mass. George Cornetta Jersey City, N. J. Oliver D. Cory LTpland, Calif. Robert Crawford Flushing, N. Y. E. B. Curtis United States Navy. Charles D. Daggs. . . . Claremont, Calif. Charles G. Dandrow. .. .Boston, Mass. Lieut. T. R. Denny.. Camp Meade, Md. August G. Desch Newark, N. J'. Michael A. Devaney. . .Belleville, N. J. Ivan C. Dresser New York City. James W. Driscoll. . Charlestown, Mass. Robert J. Dunne Chicago, III Earl Eby Chicago, 111. Everett Ellis Syracuse, N. Y. Robert S. Emery Chicago, 111. Roy M. Evans Upland, Calif. Frederick W. Faller. .Roslindale, Mass. Sgt. S. O. Fields... Ft. Hancock, N. J. Patrick J. Flynn New York City. Frank K. Foss Chicago, 111. C. C. Furnas Indianapolis, Ind. Kauflfmann Geist New York City *Member previous Olympic team. Harry George Goelitz. . . Oak Park, 111 George R. Goodwin. .. .Melrose, Mass. Penyle Graham Chicago, 111. Sylvester Granrose. United States Army. Brutus Hamilton. ...Harrisonville, Mo. John F. Hanner San Jose, Calif. Robert W. Harwood. Cambridge, Mass. William D. Hayes. . .Springfield, Mass Alan Boone Helffrich. . Yonkers, N. Y. Ralph G. Hills Washington, D. C. Albert J. Hulsebosch. .New York City. Charles F. Hunter. San Francisco, Calif. C. E. J'aquith Chicago, 111. Eldon A. Jenne Coppeville, Wash. Carl E. Johnson Spokane, Wash. R. Earl Johnson Pittsburgh, Pa. Floyd A. Kelsey Funston, Kans. M. M. Kirksey Eagle Rock, Calif. Edward E. Knourek. . River Forest, 111. Jos. Kszyczewski. United States Army. Sherman G. Landers Oregon, 111. Richmond W. Landon. Salisbury, Conn. Robert L. LeGendre. . . . Lewiston, Me. James C. Lincoln, Jr.. New York City. Carl W. A. Linder Quincy, Mass. Robt. H. Lindley. .United States Army. Elmer C. Lindsey. United States Army. H. S. Liversedge. . .U.S. Marine Corps. Frank F. Loomis, Jr Chicago, 111. J'o Gilbert Loomis Evanston, 111. Jack Mahan Gainesville, Texas. G. P. Massengale. Webster Groves, Mo. Patrick J. McDonald*. New York City. J. M. McEachern.San Francisco, Calif. Matt J. McGrath* New York City. William H. Meanix. , . .Roxbury, Mass. Charles L. Mellor Chicago, 111. Jack Merchant Berkeley, Cal. James E. Meredith*. . .New York City. Thomas A. Moroney..New York City. -5 £ I M,^: c/i -< .^ H en OJ 4^1 :^ «r g < ^ SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 23 TRACK AND FIELD— Continued. Harold P. Muller Oakland, Calif. Loren Murchison New York City. John L. Murphy Portland, Ore. Fred S. Murray* New York City. Edwin E. Myers Hinsdale, 111. John K. Norton.. San Francisco, Calif. Joe Le Roy Organ Sharon, Pa. Charles W. Paddock. . . Pasadena, Calif. Amesoli Patasoni Zuni, N. M. Joseph B. Pearman. . . .New York City. William Penn. .,. .United States Army. Leon Perrine Moscow, Idaho. William Plant Brooklyn. N. Y. Hugo Politzer Elizabeth, N. J. Augustus R. Pope Seattle, Wash. Herbert Prem Baltimore, Md. T'oie W. Ray Chicago, 111. R. F. Remer....West New York, N. J. E. R. Roberts. .. .United States Army, W. J. Rolker Brooklyn, N. Y. Joseph A. Rond. ..United States Army. Arthur V. Roth Boston, Mass. Patrick Ryan* New York City Arlie A. Schardt Milwaukee, Wis. George S. Schiller. .J^os Angeles, Calif. Jackson V. Scholz. .. Springfield, Mass. Don M. Scott United States Army. F. J. Shea United States Navy. M. Lawrence Shields. West Chester, Pa. John G. Simmons. .. .Englewood, N. J. Floyd G. Smart Chicago, HI. Walker Smith Minneapolis, Minn. Albert Bryan Sprott. ,San Diego, Calif. R. L. Templeton Downey, Calif. Arthur W. Trech Redmond, Ore. Luther Tucker United States Army. Gene Vidal Madison, S. D. Lewis G. Watson.. Mt. Hermon, Mass. Ray B. Watson Manhattan, Kahs. John M. Watt Honolulu, Hawaii. Jack Weber Pittsburgh, Pa. Walter L. Whalen Boston, Mass. Kenneth Wilson Atwood, 111. Joseph Winston. ..United States Army. Allen Woodring Bethlehem, Pa. William Yount Redlands, Calif. Frank Zuna Newark, N. J. SWIMMING. Louis J. Balbach New York City. R. H. Blanchamp.. United States Navy. Eugene T. Bolden Chicago, 111. Clement Browne Chicago, 111. J'ames G. Carson.. San Francisco, Calif. J. F. Dunn United States Navy. Leo E. Giebel New York City. J. K. Gilman United States Navy. W. W. Harris, Jr. . .Honolulu, Hawaii. Harry J. Hebner* Chicago, 111. Jack Howell Oakland, Calif. Sophus C. Jensen Chicago, HI. Duke Paoa Kahanamoku* Honolulu F. K. Kahele United States Navy. G. K. Kane United States Navy. Pua K. KeaIoha..Hui Makani, Hawaii. Warren Kealoha Honolulu, Hawaii. Ray Kegeris Redondo Beach, Calif. Harold H. Kruger. . . Honolulu, Hawaii. Louis E. Kuehn.. Portland, Ore. Ludy Langer* Honolulu, Hawaii. J. Lisman United States Navy. M. J. McDermott.. United States Navy. Perry McGillivray* Chicago, 111. F. A. Mullin United States Navy. Clarence Pinkston.. . . San Diego, Calif. Haig Prieste Long Beach, Calif. C. Quimby United States Navy. Norman Ross* Chicago, III. Stephen A. Ruddy, Jr. .New York City. P. M. Steiger San Francisco, Calif. Clyde Swendsen Los Angeles, Calif, G. Herbert Taylor Chicago, 111. Herbert E. Vollmer*. .New York City. W. R. Vosburgh, Jr Oak Park, 111. *Member previous Olympic team. John F. Moakley, Chief Coach Track and Field. Lawson Robertson, Assistant Coach Track and Field. W. L. Hayward. Assistant Coach Track and Field. H. M. Webb, Chief Coach Boxing Team. SPALDINGS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 25 SWIMMING- Miss Aileen Allen Pasadena, Calif. Miss E. M. Bleibtrey. Brooklyn, N. Y. Miss C. D. Boyle Brooklyn, N. Y. Miss Betty Grimes.. Minneapolis, Minn. Miss Irene M. Guest.. Philadelphia, Pa. Miss Alice H. Lord. .. Brooklyn, N. Y. Miss V. A. Malcomson. .Detroit, Mich. Miss Helen Meany. . .Greenwich, Conn. -Contimied. Miss Helen O. Moses. ...Hilo, Hawaii. Miss Thelma R. Payne. .Portland, Ore. Miss Aileen M. Riggin. Brooklyn, N. Y. Mrs. F. C. Schroth Oakland, Calif. Miss Eleanore M. Uhl.Lansdowne, Pa. Miss H. E. Wainwright. Corona, N. Y, Miss M. D. Woodbridge. Detroit, Mich, RIFLE TEAM. Sgt. Harry L. Adams U. S. Lieut. T. C. Brown U. S. Sgt. Dennis Fenton U. S. Sgt. Ralph M. Henshaw U. Capt. Fred S. Hird U. S. Lieut. Jos. Jackson. Washington, Joseph T. Lawless Waltham, Lieut. Com. W. A. Lee. .Wash., Capt. Wm. F. Leushner. .U. S. Col. William Libbey. . Princeton, Maj. Elmer G. Lindroth..U. S. Army. Capt. Paul W. Mapes....U. S. Army. Army. Lieut. Com, W, M. McDonnelL. U.S.N. Army. L. A. Nuesslein. .., Washington, D. C. S.M.C. Com. Carl T. Osburn. . , ,Wash., D. C. Army. Capt. A. D. Rothrock. . . .U. S. Army. D. C. Lieut. Perry S. Schofield..U. S. Army. Mass. Lieut. Col. G. C, Shaw. . .Wash., D. C. D. C. Sgt. O. M. Shriver. Washington, D. C. Army. Major W, D. Smith. Washington, D. C. , N. J. Lieut. Lloyd S. Spooner..U. S. Army. Army. Maj. Wallace P. Wheeler.. U. S. Army. REVOLVER AND PISTOL. Dr. H. A. Baylis..Port Chester, N. Y. R. C. Branken Columbus, Ohio. George F, Fiske, Jr Chicago, 111. K, T. Frederick New York City. Lieut. Col, L. J. Harant..Wash., D. C. Michael Kelly Washington, D. C. A. P. Lane New York City. Dr. J. H. Snook Columbus, Ohio. Col. O. F. Snyder.. Washington, D. C. TRAP SHOOTING. Mark Arie Champaign, 111. Forest W. McNair Houston, Tex. Horace R. Bonser. ... Cincinnati, Ohio. Fred Plum Atlantic City, N. J. Jay Clark, Jr Worcester, Mass. Frank Troeh Vancouver, Wash. B. S. Donnelly New York City, Frank Wright Bufifalo, N. Y, RUGBY FOOTBALL. Daniel Carroll .... Stanford Univ. Calif. C. W, Doe, Jr... San Francisco, Calif. George E. W. Davis. . .Berkeley, Calif. George W. Fish New York City. Jas. P. Fitzpatrick.Los Angeles, Calif. M. E. Hazeltine San Jose, Calif. J. G. Hunter. .. .Mountain View, Calif. Charles T. Meehan Alameda, Calif. John Muldoon, Jr Berkeley, Calif. William S. Muldoon, .. Berkeley, Calif. John T. O'Neil. . . .Los Angeles, J. C. Patrick Palo Alto, C. E. Righter Campbell, Rudolph John Scholz. . . .Medford, Colby E. Slater Berkeley, Charles L. Tilden, Jr. .Alameda, Harold von Schmidt... .Alameda, D. M. Wallace... Stanford Univ., James Winston Duarte, Ileaton L. Wrenn. ..Burlingame, Calif. Calif. Calif. Ore. Calif. Calif. Calif. Calif. Calif. Calif. Gi;n. William M. Wright, U.S.A. Commander C. B. Mayo, U.S.N. Gen. Warren S. Sage, U.S.A. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 27 FENCING. Millard J. Bloomer, Jr. New York City. Maj.F.W. Honeycutt. Washington, D.C. Ensign R. J. Bowman. .Annapolis, Md. Arthur S. Lyon Rutherford, N. J. Hon, Henry Breckenridge. Wash., D. C. J. Brooks B. Parker. .Philadelphia, Pa. Ensign Geo. C. Calan. .Annapolis, Md. Harold M. Rayner. .Washington, D. C. Ens. F. J. Cunningham. Annapolis, Md. W. H. Russell Boston, Mass. John W. Dimond. . . .Fort Riley, Kans. Robert Sears Washington, D. C. Ray W. Dutcher. .. .Jersey City, N. J. Leon M. Schoonmaker. Flushing, N. Y. C. Bradford Fraley. . .Philadelphia, Pa. Ensign C. J. Walker. . .Annapolis, Md. Ensign E. G. Fullenweider . Annap., Md. EQUESTRIAN. John A. Barry. . . .United States Army. H. D. Chamberlin. . .Fort Riley, Kans. Major Sloan Doak...Fort Riley, Kans. Vincent P, Erwin.. United States Army. K. C. Greenwald. .United States Army. Maj. I. S. Martin. . .Fort Riley, Kans. Maj. W. W. West... Fort Riley, Kans. Nathaniel W. Niles. SKATING. Boston, Mass. Miss Theresa Weld. Boston, Mass. ICE HOCKEY. R. L. Bonny Pittsburgh A. A. Anthony J. Conroy Boston A. A. Herbert J. Drury Pittsburgh A. A. J. Edward Fitzgerald St. Paul A.C. George P. Geran Boston A. A. Frank X. Goheen St. Paul A.C. Jos. W. McCormick. . .Pittsburgh A. A. L. J. McCormack Pittsburgli A.A. Frank A. Synnott Boston A.A. Leon P. Tuck Boston A.A. Cyril Weidenborner St. Paul A.C. GYMNASTIC. Bjorne Jorgensen Brooklyn, N. Y. Frank J. Kriz New York City. Paul W. Krempel. ..Los Angeles, Calif. John D. Mais Philadelphia, Pa. ROWING. Sherman R. Clark... U. S. Nav. Acad. William C. Jordan... U. S. Nav. Acad. V. J. Gallagher, Jr. .U. S. Nav. Acad. E. D. Graves, Jr....U. S. Nav. Acad. Virgil V. Jacomini . . U. S. Nav. Acad. Edward P. Moore. C. W. King...... .U. S. Nav. Acad. . U. S. Nav. Acad. Allen R. Sanborn. . .U. S. Nav. Acad. Donald J. Johnston. .U. S. Nav. Acad. R. J. Glendon, Coach. U.S. Nav. Acad. Paul V. Costello Philadelphia, Pa. Eric Federschmidt Philadelphia, Pa. Franz Federschmidt. . .Philadelphia, Pa. Samuel L. Hunter. ... Philadelphia, Fa. John B. Kelly Philadelphia, Pa. Carl O. Klose Philadelphia, Pa. Sidney G. Mollard Philadelphia, Pa. Frank Muller, Coach . .Philadelphia, Pa. Kenneth Myers Norristown, Pa. Percy J. Wall, Coacli . .Philadelphia, Pa. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 29 BOXING. Frank Cassidy Brooklyn, N. Y. Fred William Colberg. . .Comas, Wash. Jos. A. Cranston. .. Camp Benning, Ga. Frank De Gennaro New York City Edward P. Eagan Denver, Colo. G. Etzell United States Navy. Sam Fogel New York City. Ed Earl Hartmann. .. Philadelphia, Pa. Maurice N. Herschman. . Cleveland, O. Sam Lagonia New York City. John Lessor Philadelphia, Pa. Sidney Loog, Jr Philadelphia, Pa. Samuel A. Mosberg.. .Brooklyn, N. Y. S. Murchie United States Navy. William C. Oestatsher. Philadelphia. Pa. Benjamin Ponteau New York City, William Spengler New York City. Sam'l G. Stewart. United States Army. Stephen G. Wallace Boston, Mass. Jack A. Zivic Pittsburgh, Pa. Peter P. Zivic nttsburgh. Pa. WRESTLING. Charles Edwin Ackerly . . . Cuba, N. Y. Paul Bulenbach New York City. Adrian R. Brian Columbus, Neb. A. M. Frantz New York City. J. Gallery United States Navy. Samuel N. Gerson. .. .Philadelphia, Pa. Henry Iszymanski. .Camp Benning, Ga. Charles J. Johnson Quincy, Mass. Ferd. H. Kirchman.. . Philadelphia, Pa. F. W. Maichle. .. .United States Navy. Walter S. Maurer Chicago, 111. George Metropoulos Gary, Ind. Fred J. Meyer Chicago, 111. B. Olson United States Army. Nat Pendleton New York City. Lt. J. R. Redmond. Unf ted States Navy. J. M. Shimmon Roselle, N. J. Lieut. Swigart LTnited States Navy John K. Vorres Chicago, 111. Lt. Com. P. V. H. Weems U.S.N. Alex. M. Weyand. United States Army. E. E. Willkie United States Navy. Paul D. Zanolini. .United States Army. CYCLING. William H. Beck Newark, N. J. Christopher Dotterweich . Newark, N. J. James B. Freeman St. Louis, Mo. Robert G. Grasing. . .Englewood, N. J. John Otto Irvington, N. J. Ernest P. Kockler Chicago, 111. August J. Nogara. . .Washington, D. C. Frank J. Small New York City. Carl G. Stockholm Chicago, III. Fred Taylor Newark, N. J. Anthony Young Newark, N. J. Otto Wahle, Coach and Manager Swimming Team. George V. 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S. Murray, United States, winning heat of 110 meters nurdles. <^'5)' C (J o o bo V V V w c SEE m c ^^^ , U-H U W, o Jr w « rt ca M rt IT) „; 2 . o s p li Is C (u O U HE EE E .n C C< WW C C u ti 1-. a; CO CO 43 -ET . ■«*• >-' E .^ .ii o w o Je5e EE. ■?i C.H ^.« S c V u o eujoww .H ^« ^ -t^ ' g Ctf r- *' W See ' c c CO CO _,t3T3 3 4) in CO CO c4 aa iJiiiiE EH sE a o. a a 3 3 ^r,H-, a i— > 4J W 4)1 .. , W 4J 4J UtJ I' ■I . . . o:r"w '-•J-: gT3T3T3 c 3 a a 3(V^ 3 3 ^uuuuSu uuiJKHWKHi; UWWC4J-MWWU*'*'*' "^ £ 4« U U Vt^ U 41 4J oooooooc OOOOOiO'-'OO »o K *» ■♦« « « r» ■« oooggSeoca co-r 2 not <4-P O > ^ CC/3t- . EES5II05 . 4) ., o oS £_rt' o o S-J :r^2H« Hon. J. S. Edstrom, Sweden, President International Amateur Athletic Fed- eration; Chairman of International Olympic Congress, Lausanne, Switzerland, 1921. PART II Olympic Games 1924 Olympic Programme for 1924 International Amateur Athletic Federation Athletic Rules Minutes of Congress of International Amateur Athletic Federation Constitution of American Olympic Association Official World's Records Mm SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 105 What Constitutes the Olympic Games The Olympic Games consists of a series of combined world and Olympic champion- ships and include practically every sport in which the world is interested and in which general participation has been shown. In the past these games have been pro- moted and managed in many different ways, but out of the various conferences held in previous years and especially out of the congresses held at Lausanne in May, 1921, a system of management has been evolved which in general is comprehensive and democratic and which should prove satis- factory. This system includes the active participation and effort of the International Olympic Committee, the International Fed- eration, the members of the International Federations and the National Olympic Committees of the various countries, espe- cially that of the country of the games. International Olympic Committee. The International Olympic Committee is a self -perpetuating non-representative body. This Comrnittee appoints its representatives to the various countries and not the vari- ous countries' representatives to the Inter- wiiiiicxs national Olympic Committee. Its repre- sentatives are generally citizens and resi- dents of the country to which they are appointed and in close touch with amateur sport in the country. Such is the case in the United States, where the International Olympic Committee is represented by Prof. William M. Sloane, Mr. Allison V. Armour and Justice Bartow S. Weeks. The International Olympic Committee — and it alone — determines the place where the Olympic Games are to be held. It has selected Paris for 1924 and Amsterdam for 1928. It has also determined the character of the Olympic programme (not the specific events, or even the sports of the programme, only the general character thereof). In the language of Baron de Coubertin, chairman of the International Committee, the Olympic programme is "classified Bronze statuette presented to H. H. Brown, United States, winning final heat, 3,000 meters team race. M. J. Devaney, M. L. Shields, Ivan Dresser, A. A. Schardt, H. H. Brown. United States Team, Winners 3,000 Meters Team Race. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 107 under five different divisions : athletic sports (i.e., that what we generally speak of as track and field athletics), gymnastic sports, defensive sports (shooting, fencing, boxing and wrestling), egues- trian sports, and nautical sports, to which must be added the com- bined sports of the old and modern pentathlon, cycling, and other games, and, finally competition in the art field." The sports of the Olympic Games will be therefore composed of the events and arranged under the conditions of actual contest now or to be laid down by the International Federation held under the actual management of the French Olympic Committee in charge of the Games, and carried out with the committee appointed by the congress of representatives of international sport federations held in May, 1921, at Lausanne, Switzerland, and, meeting in a possible federation of federations, assisting in furthering co-opera- tion between the International Federation, the French Olympic Committee and the National Olympic Committees, and especially in obtaining and giving from now on, until and during the Games, all information necessary or desirable as to the specific plans or conditions relative to the Games in general or to any sport, contest or situation in particular. With such a plan in effect, the Olympic Games of 1924 should not only be great as a contest but a model of democratic and efficient management. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. Olympic Programme The complete programme of the Olympic Games of 1924 will be divided into three sections. The first section, the international win- ter sports competition, will be given in January and February, 1924, at Chamounix, the famous winter resort in the French Alps. This competition will comprise ice hockey and figure skating for men and women, and, of course, will be held in the open instead of in an enclosed rink. The second portion of the Olympic programme will be devoted to Rugby and Association football, the dates being scheduled for April and May. Paris will be the scene of these contests. The third, and most important, section will be that of track and field, which will be held in Paris. These events will start on the first Saturday in July and end on the third Sunday of the same month. The daily programme will be found on page 115. Each nation shall be allowed four entries, four to start in all individual events, except in the Marathon, where six entries and six will be allowed to start. One team per nation in team and relay events. In all team and relay races each nation shall be allowed to enter not more than twice the number entitled to score. 100 meters flat. 200 meters flat. 400 meters flat. 800 meters flat. 1,500 meters flat. 5,000 meters flat. 10,000 meters flat. Marathon Race (42,195 meters) equals 26 miles 385 yards. Steeplechase, 3,000 meters. Hurdle Race, 110 meters. Hurdle Race, 400 meters. Walking Race, 10,000 meters. Running High Jump. Running Broad Jump. . Running Hop, Step and Jump. Pole Vault. Throwing the Javelin (with the Javelin held in the middle), best hand. Throwing the Discus, best hand. Putting the 16-lb. Shot, best hand. Throwing the 16-lb. Hammer. Pentathlon comprising: Running Broad Jump. Throwing the Javelin, with the Javelin held in the middle, best hand. 200 meters flat. Throwing the Discus, best hand. 1,500 meters flat. Start of 1,600 meters relay. G. Butler. J. C. Davies-Ainsworth. R. A. Lindsay. C. Griffiths Great Britain Olympic Relay Team. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBIIARY. Ill Decathlon comprising : 100 meters flat. Running Broad Jump. Putting the 16-lb. Shot, best hand. Running High Jump. 400 meters flat. Hurdle Race, 110 meters. Throwing the Discus, best hand. Pole Vault. Throwing the the Javelin middle, best hand. 1,500 meters flat. Javelin, with held in the Relay Race, 400 meters. Teams of 4, each man to run 100 meters. All relays to be run in lanes. Relay Race, 1,600 meters. Teams of 4, each man to run 400 meters. 3,000 meters. Team Race. Six permitted to start, 3 to score. Cross-country Race, 10,000 me-, ters. Individual and Team Race combined. Six permitted to start, 3 to score. Modern Pentathlon comprising: Twenty shots in four series of five each; pistol or re- volver at silhouette target 25 meters (27.34 distant. yards) yards) 300 meters (328.09 swim, free style. Duelling swords. 5,000 meters (5,468.1 yards) horseback ride. 4,000 race. meters cross-country Woodring winning 200 meters run; Paddock second. A. G. Hill, Great Britain. Winner 1,500 meters and 800 meters runs. P. Hodge, Great Britain. Winner 3,000 meters steeplechase. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 113 Olympic Gaines of 1924 By selection of the International Olympic Committee, Paris will be the scene of the Eighth Olympiad, in 1924, and Amsterdam, that of the Ninth Olympiad, in 1928. At a meeting of the International Amateur Athletic Federation, held at Geneva, Switzerland, in May, 1921, a number of important matters were brought up for discussion, bearing upon the conduct of future Olympiads. The meeting resulted in a number of changes being introduced in the programme of the next Olympic Games and the adoption of a revised list of events, based upon the experience of the last competition. A number of various federations governing the individual sports that comprise the Olympic programme had also arranged to hold a congress of their respective bodies at about the same time, at Lausanne, Switzerland. The following organizations held meet- ings : International Amateur Athletic Federation. International Amateur Swimming Federation. International Amateur Wrestling Federation. International Amateur Boxing Federation. International Cycling Federation. Congress of National Olympic Committees. International Olympic Committee. Mr. Gustavus T. Kirby, president of the American Olympic Committee; Mr. Frederick W. Rubien, secretary of the American Olympic Committee, and Captain Joseph B. Maccabe, ex-president of the Amateur Athletic Union of the United States, were nom- inated at a meeting of the American Olympic Committee, held May 2, 1921, in New York, as delegate to attend the Congress of National Olympic Committees. A short resume of the various bodies is given herewith : International Amateur Athletic Federation. Congress held at Geneva, Switzerland, May 27, 1921. The Committee on Rules, of which Mr. Frederick W. Rubien was chairman, after a thorough examination of the athletic rules of every country, drafted a code embodying the best points in the rules of all countries and these were adopted after careful consideration. A programme of events and time schedule for all future compe- titions at Olympic Games was adopted. The new arrangement enables athletes to compete in several events with a sufficient interval for rest and will not work a hardship on any competitor- 1, Jonni Myyra, who made a new Olympic record in Javelin Throw. 2, E. Niklander, winner of Discus Throw. 3, Ville Porhola, winner Shot Put. A Trio of Finnish Olympic Champions. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC L1BRAR"2. 115 To reduce the expenses of sending large teams the number of entries heretofore permitted any one nation was reduced one-third. The revised complete schedule for athletic events at Olympic Games, which will extend over a period of nine days, beginning on a Saturday and ending on a Sunday, and all of which will be contested in the afternoon, was adopted as follows : ORDER OF EVENTS p. M. FIRST DAY. 2:00 Opening ceremonies. Parade of athletes of all nations. SECOND DAY. 2.00 400 Meters Hurdles First Trials 2.00 Running High Jump Trials 2.00 Throwing the Javelin Fmal 2.30 100 Meters, Flat First Trials 3.15 800 Meters, Flat " First Trials 4.00 100 Meters, Flat Second Trials 4.30 10,000 Meters, Flat Fmal 5.15 400 Meters Hurdles Second Trials THIRD DAY. 2.00 100 Meters, Flat Semi-Finals 2 00 Pentathlon Running Broad Jump 2.45 Pentathlon Throwing the Javelin 3.00 400 Meters Hurdles.. Fpal 3.00 Running High Jump V?^"^^ 3.30 800 Meters, Flat Semi-Finals 3.45 Pentathlon 200 Meters, Flat 4.15 3,000 Meters Steeplechase Trials 4.30 Pentathlon Throwing the Discus 5.00 100 Meters, Flat Final 5.15 Pentathlon • 1,500 Meters, Flat p. M. FOURTH DAY. 2.00 110 Meters Hurdles •••'^.^^^s 2.00 Running Broad Jump ;f l"?^ 2.30 200 Meters, Flat trials 3.00 Putting the 16-lb. Shot Fma 3.15 800 Meters, Flat ••.... -Fmal 3.45 110 Meters Hurdles Semi-Finals 4.00 5,000 Meters, Flat yV-,^ 5.00 200 Meters, Flat Second Trials Start of 10,000 meters walk. U. Frigerio, J. Guillemot, Italy. Winner 3,000 meters and France. Winner 5,000 meters 10,000 meters walks. run. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 117 FIFTH DAY. 2.00 200 Meters, Flat Semi-Finals 2.00 Pole Vault Trials 2.30 110 Meters Hurdles Final 2.45 10,000 Meters Walk First Heat 3.45 200 Meters, Flat Final 4.00 1,500 Meters, Flat Trials 4.45 3,000 Meters Steeplechase Final 5.00 10,000 Meters Walk Second Heat 6.00 10,000 Meters Walk Third Heat (if necessary) SIXTH DAY. 2.00 400 Meters, Flat Trials 2.00 Throwing the 16-lb Hammer ". . Final 2.30 Pole Vault Final 2.45 1,500 Meters, Flat Final 3.15 5,000 Meters, Flat Final 4.00 400 Meters, Flat Second Trials SEVENTH DAY. 2.00 Decathlon 100 Meters, Flat 2.45 400 Meters, Flat Semi-Finals 2.45 Decathlon Running Broad Jump 3.15 3,000 Meters Team Race. . . '. Trials 4.00 10,000 Meters Walk Final 4.00 Decathlon .Putting the Shot 4.45 Decathlon Running High Jump 5.30 400 Meters. Flat Final 5.45 Decathlon 400 Meters, Flat EIGHTH DAY. 2.00 Decathlon 110 Meters Hurdles 2.00 Running Hop, Step and Jump Final 2.30 10,000 Meters Cross-country, Individual and Team Race. .Final 2.30 Decathlon Throwing the Discus 2.45 400 Meters Relay Trials 3.30 Decathlon Pole Vault 4.00 1,600 Meters Relay Trials 4.30 Decathlon Throwing the Javelin 5.30 Decathlon 1,500 Meters, Flat NINTH DAY. 4.00 Marathon ' Final 4.00 Throwing the Discus Final 4.15 400 Meters Relay Final 4.45 3.000 Meters Team Race Final 5.15 1,600 Meters Relay Final Heat, 5,000 meters run; Guillemot (France), Backman (Sweden), Dresser (United States). Devaney (United States) winning his heat in 3,000 meters steeplechase. United States relay team, winners 400 meters relay. Left to right: C. W. Paddock, J. V. Scholz, L. C. Murchison, M. M. Kirksey. Sl^ALDlNGS ATHLETId LIBRARY. HO SWIMMING EVENTS FIRST DAY Morning — 1500 meters, free style (men) Heats Water polo. Afternoon — 1500 meters, free style (men) Heats 400 meters, free style (ladies) Heats Water polo. SECOND DAY Morning — Plain high diving (men) Heats Water polo. Afternoon — 1500 meters, free style (men) Semi-Finai 400 meters, free style (ladies) Semi-Final Water polo. THIRD DAY Morning — 200 meters, breast stroke (men) Heats Water polo. Afternoon — 1500 meters, free style (men) Final 400 meters, free style (ladies) Final Plain high diving (men) Final Water polo. FOURTH DAY Morning — Springboard diving (men) Heats 100 meters, backstroke (men) Heats Water polo. Afternoon — 200 meters, breast stroke (ladies) .Heats 200 meters, breast stroke (men) Semi-Final 400 meters, free style (men) Heats Water polo. FIFTH DAY Morning — Springboard diving (ladies) Heats 400 meters, free style (men) Semi-Final 100 meters, backstroke (men) Semi-Final Water polo. Afternoon — 200 meters, breast stroke (ladies) Semi-Final Springboard diving (men) Final 200 meters, breast stroke (men) Final Water polo. 1, Brutus Hamilton, throwing discus in Decathlon; 2, B ^^""^"',,;" Hammer Throw; 3, J. McEachern m Hanrimer Throw; 4, ^-J^^l^^^ second in Running High Jump; 5, J. Dunne, throwing discus in Pentathlon. United States Representatives in Field Events at Olympic Games. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 121 SIXTH DAY Morning — Team race, 400 meters (ladies) Heat Team race, 800 meters (men) Semi-Final Water polo. Afternoon — 400 meters, free style (men) Final Springboard diving (ladies) Final Team race, 400 meters (ladies) Final 100 meters, backstroke (men) Final 200 meters, breast stroke (ladies) Final Water polo. SEVENTH DAY Morning — 100 meters, free style (men) Heats Fancy diving, high (men) Heats Water polo. Afternoon — 100 meters, free style (men) Semi-Final Plain high diving (ladies) Heats 100 meters, free style (ladies) Heats 100 meters, backstroke (ladies) Heats Water polo. EIGHTH DAY Morning — 100 meters, backstroke (ladies) Semi-Final 100 meters, free style (ladies) Semi-Final Team race, 800 meters (men) Final Water polo. Afternoon — Fancy high diving (men) Final Plain High Diving (ladies) Final 100 meters, free style (men) Final 100 meters, free style (ladies) Final 100 meters, backstroke (ladies) Final Water polo. The adoption of a set programme was an important action In itself. It is possible to know now, three years before the Olympic Games of 1924, what the programme is and in what order the events will take place. Three events were dropped from future Olympic competitions: 56-lb. weight, tug-or-war and 3,000 meter walk. Formerly the nation in which the Olympic Games were held, through its Olympic Committee, had complete charge of the many important matters in connection with the Olympic Games. Under the new rules a Commission from the International Amateur Ath- letic Federation, composed of representatives from five nations, Harry S. Liversedge, United States Navy, in upper picture. Howard G. Cann, New York City, in lower one. Two OF THE United States Representatives in the Shot Put. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 123 will undertake to see that all arrangements are properly made, select officials and act as a jury to settle all points of dispute. The Commission appointed is as follows : Messrs. J. S. Edstrom, Sweden, President International Amateur Athletic Federation ; F.' W. Rubien, United States; F. Reichel, France; J. E. Merrick, Canada; H. Barclay, Great Britain. The Congress of National Olympic Committees accepted this plan for all sports, so that in the future the Olympic Games will be conducted by committees representing five nations, and in most cases the five nations will be the leaders in each sport. This Commission shall have jurisdiction over all matters not assigned by the rules to the Referee or other games officials, and shall see that a proper place is provided, measured, and all imple- ments and equipment necessary for the satisfactory completion of the events selected. The Commission, by its representative, will accept or reject entries and publish all entries, with numbers of competitors, two days prior to the opening of the games. In the event that the track and field upon which the Olympic Games are held is not available for practise, a place will be provided for the purpose. The representatives of each nation shall be placed as often as possible in different heats, or groups, and the heats or groups shall be made up by the Commission, in case of Olympic Games, or by the Committee conducting Olympic Games. In races up to and including 400 meters, the first and second in each heat should qualify for the next round. At least six com- petitors shall start in the final round. Preliminary trials shall bei held in all field events except the Running High Jump and the Pole Vault, to reduce the number to six best performances, not necessarily limited to six competitors. These competitors shall be allowed in the final round. In the Running High Jump at Olympic Games groups of about twelve competitors shall compete in preliminary rounds and all who clear the bar at 1.83 meters (6 feet) shall qualify for the final round. Similarly, in the Pole Vault, all who clear the bar at ZJ^ meters (12 feet) shall qualify for the final round. If nec- essary groups of about twelve competitors shall compete in other field events, the final round to begin not earlier than thirty min- utes after the last trial of the last group. The officials shall have the power to change the place of com- petition in any field event if in their opinion the conditions warrant the same. In the event of a competitor being entered in both a field event and a track event which take place at one and the same time, the field event officials shall allow him to take his trials without regard to his order on the programme. i,r f 1 1' -'% Norman Ross, Illinois A.C., Chicago. Haig Prieste. Jack Howell. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBllARY. 125 Although the rules are based principally on the rules of the Amateur Athletic Union of the United States, minor changes have been made, and the Amateur Athletic Union will probably amend its rules to correspond to those of the International Amateur Athletic Federation, so that athletes will be accustomed to the conditions prevailing in Olympic Games. The Amateur Athletic Union rules scoring the Decathlon which were used at the 1920 Olympic Games were adopted. Perform- ances made at previous Olympic Games will be computed anew, according to the newly adopted system, and if found to be better than those made at the Olympic Games, records will be allowed. Implements must bear the stamp of the governing country and made according to the requirements of the International Amateur Athletic Federation. The International Amateur Athletic Federation presented its revised rules to the congress of National Olympic Committees and they were adopted without change. ■ A complete list of world's records was adopted and a plan agreed upon by which world's records made during each year will be submitted to vote of the committee and, if unanimously approved, will be announced on the first of January each year. International Amateur Szviniming Federation. Congress held at Lausanne, Switzerland, May 30, 1921. George W. Hearn of Great Britain, Secretary. The report of the sub-committee appointed at Antwerp to report upon the future management of Olympic Games was considered and the following was agreed to, thereby becoming official rules of the International Amateur Swimming Federation. The actual management of all swimming contests shall be under the control of the International Amateur Swimming Federation, and all officials to be appointed by that body. Entries to be received by the nation holding the Olympic Games at such time as may be decided by the Olympic Committee, and shall be at the disposal of the Hon. Secretary at the place of contest at least seven days before the first contest. The Federa- tion's Hon. Secretary shall immediately call a meeting of the Committee appointed by the International Amateur Swimming Federation. They shall make the complete draw for all events and publish the draw at least four days before the first event. The number of entries from each nation for each individual contest shall not exceed three, and no reserves be allowed. For team events, one team from each nation for each event, with four reserves for water polo and two for each team swimming event. In addition to the privilege of competing in any of the trials or the finals any of the regulars or reserves of nations may also, with the consent of the Federation Olympic Committee, compete in the water polo or team races; any entrant in any other 1, Norman Ross, Illinois A. C; Paul Kealoha, Honolulu; Perry McGill- ivray, Illinois A. C; Duke Kahanamoku. Honolulu, American Relay Team. 2. Brazilian Water Polo Team. 3, Australian Relay Team. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBKAKY. 127 swimming or diving event, if it is that by reason of illness or other disability of regulars or reserves, a team for a trial or final competition cannot be properly assembled. So far as possible the same officials shall officiate throughout the contests. A standard daily programme of events was adopted, which can be altered only by the Federation Olympic Committee. Notice of any alteration must be posted on the notice board at least twenty- four hours before the alteration would come into operation. A committee shall be appointed by the Federation whose duties shall be: (a) make the draw, etc.; (b) arrange the programme of events ; (c) take charge of the entire management of the contests ; (d) appoint all officials; (e) decide all protests or other matters that may arise during the Games. This committee to be five in number, all of whom must be rep- resentatives of different nations, together with the Hon. Secretary, who shall be ex-officio. four members to form a quorum. Should any member appointed be absent from the Olympic Games, the remaining members shall have power to appoint substitutes. This committee shall be reappointed at each meeting of the Federation. The followmg committee was elected : H. E. Fern, Great Brit- ain; E. G. Drigncy, France; J. S. Edstrom, Sweden; F. W. Rubien, United States; J. G. Merrick, Canada; G. W. Hearn, Hon. Secretary, Great Britain. Sivimming Programme and Time. The swimming programme is similar to that of the 1920 Olympic Games programme except that the 400 meter Breast Stroke for men was elim.inated and in the women's events, 100 meters Back Stroke and 200 meters Breast Stroke were added. The Springboard Diving for women was changed to an event consisting of six voluntary dives taken from the springboard diving rules. The complete list of events is as follows : The swimming programme is as follows : For Men. 100 meters free style (109.36 yards) . 100 meters backstroke. 200 meters breast stroke (218.73 yards) . 400 meters free style (437.45 yards. 1 500 meters free style ( 1640.43 yards ) . Plain diving. 5 meters and 10 meters (16.40 feet and 32.80 feet). Fancv diving, 5 meters and 10 meters (15.40 feet and 32.80 feet). Springboard diving, 1 meter and 3 meters (3.28 feet and 9.^'4 feet). 1, Ethelda Bleibtrey, United States. 2, Margaret Woodbridge, United States, 3, Mrs. Frances Schroth, United States; Suzanne Wurtz, France; Eleanor Uhle, United States. 4, Helen Meany and Aileen Riggin, United States. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 129 For Women. 100 meters, free style (109.36 yards). 100 meters, back stroke ( 109.36 yards) . 200 meters, breast stroke (218.73 yards) . 300 meters, free style (328.09 yards) . Plain diving, 4 meters and 8 meters (13.12 feet and 26.24 feet). Springboard diving, 1 meter and 3 meters (3.28 feet and 9.84 feet) ; 6 voluntary dives. Team Events — Men. One team entry for each nation. 800 meters relay (4 men to swim 200 meters — 218.72 yards— each). Water polo. Teams of 7 men, with 7 substitutes. Team Events — Women. 400 meters relay (4 women to swim 100 meters — 109.36 yards — each; 2 substitutes). International Amateur Boxing Federation. Congress held May 31, 1921, at Lausanne, Switzerland. The rules used in 1920 were revised and a rule adopted providing for the selection of judges and the appointment of timers some- what along the lines of those provided for track and field and swimming. A rule to overcome the disputes as to judging was enacted as follows : The Judges shall award at the end of each of the first two rounds five marks and at the end of the third round seven marks to the better competitor and a lesser number to the other competitor, accord- ing: to his merits. When the competitors are equal, the maximum number must be given to each. At the end of each bout the judges' scoring papers shall be collected by an official appointed for that purpose, and in cases where the judges agree, such official shall so announce their decision; but should the judges disagree, the official shall so inform the referee and collect his paper, but before an- nouncing the decision shall show the judges' papers to the referee. The referee shall give his vote when the judges disagree, or he can order one extra round limited to two minutes, or not more than two extra rounds of two minutes each. Two of the three opinions must agree before a winner can be declared, otherwise an extra round is compulsory. The decision of the judges or referee, as the case may be, shall be final and without appeal. For the Olympic Games the referees, the judges and other officials will be appointed by the Bureau Committee of the Inter- national Amateur Boxing Federation. 1, Karin Nillson, Sweden. 2, Lily Beaurepaire, Australia. 3, Eva Ollivier. Sweden. 4, Ethelda Bleibtrey, United States; Violet Walrand, New Zea- land; Jane Gylling, Sweden; Irene Guest, United States; Mrs. Frances Schroth, United States; Constance Jeans, Great Britain. SPALDINGS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 131 Each Federation shall submit to the Secretary of the Federa- tion on or before January 1 of the year in which the Olympic Games are to be held a list of persons competent to act as officials. From this list the Bureau Committee will elect a suffi- cient number of officials to act at boxing events and submit the list to the Federation two months before the Olympic Games. During the Olympic Games the Bureau Committee will appoint referees and judges for each bout. Weights for international Olympic competition are : Not Exceeding Classification. Lbs. Kilos. Flyweight 112 50.802 Bantamweight 118 53.524 Featherweight 126 57.152 Lightweight 135 61.235 Welterweight 147 66.678 Middleweight 160 72.574 Light heavyweight 175 79.378 Heavyweight Any weight International Amateur Wrestling Federation. Congres held at Lausanne, Switzerland, June 2, 1921. In addition to the adoption of a constitution, the meeting agreed that Messrs. Rubien, United States ; Jacquer, Switzerland, and Longhurst, Great Britain, being on the ground should be author- ized to meet immediately for the purpose of drawing up the rules for the control of all international amateur wrestling in the Catch-as-Catch-Can style, said rules to be recognized as the official rules. Upon the motion of M. Reichel, France, it was agreed that until a code of rules for the control of all international amateur wrestling in the Greco-Roman style should be drawn up by the Greco-Roman Board of International Amateur Wrestling Federa- tion those rules adopted by the Northern Federation of Wrestling should be accepted as controling all amateur Greco-Roman wrest- ling. While Federation meetings in the following sports were not called in the following form, delegates representing these sports attended the Congress of National Olympic Committees and the principal decisions arrived at affecting these sports are herewith quoted . Gymnastics. A great deal of discussion regarding the merits of the Continental versus the Swedish method of gymnastics resulted in the adoption "fT^^P^U. P3 M^y »i^si^^«Ki?' SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 133 uf an all-around championship somewhat along the lines of the Amateur Athletic Union all-around competition. Under this method the winner of a gymnastic event will receive the same recognition as a winner of a track and field or a swim- ming event and it is believed will result in more interest being shown in the competition. The exhibition of group exercises will furnish the Continental, Swedish or any system in use in other countries an opportunity to be displayed by groups of not less than sixteen men or women, for which no prizes will be given. Skating and Hockey. Several conferences were held, the object being to hold competi- tions in winter sports as a part of the Olympic Games programme, which would provide for Skating, Hockey, Skiing and other winter events, but the suggestion resulted in a deadlock. Trap Sliooti)ig. A Clay Bird and Running Deer Shooting Federation was formed, with Count Clary as President and Count Vasse as Sec- retar}'. It was proposed to hold a meeting later, to agree upon a programme of events and rules. The Congress of National Olympic Committees gave this authorization with power. Fencing. A proposal was made to eliminate the fencing foil team compe- tition, but after considerable discussion it was decided to retain this event. Horse Riding. These events were retained and instead of being exclusively for army men are also open to civilians. Reiving. The four-oared crew race with coxswain was eliminated from future Olympic Games programmes ; the rowing events, with this exception, at the 1920 Olympic Games were retained. Rifle Shooting. The recommendation of the International Federation of Rifle Shooting that rifle shooting be eliminated from the programme of Olympic Games was defeated after a close vote. This decision finally met the approval of the International Federation, who agree to furnish complete programme and rules before January 1. SPALDING-S ATITLKTIC LIBRARY. 135 II' eight Lifting. The programme of weight hftiiig as given at the Olympic Games of 1920 was retained. Yachting. Contests were provided in Yachting for 5-meter boats sailed by one man, 6-meter boats sailed by three men, 8-meter boats sailed by five men; all members of the crew to be amateurs. Lazvn Tennis. Lawn Tennis was continued on the programme. A congress was called by the International Cycling Federation with a view to forming a Congress of Federations. The various federations opposed the forming of such a federation mainly because federations governing professional sport, which have noth- ing whatever to do with Olympic Games, were invited to the congress. After a lengthy discussion the following resolution was submitted to the Congress of Olympic Committees and adopted: "That a committee of five be appointed by the president of the Assembly (J. S. Edstrom of Sweden) of which the chairman shall be of the country in which the next Olympic Games are to be held, for the purpose of collect- ing and distributing documents and information of and about International Federations. "That this committee continue until the next Assembly or Congress of Representatives of the International Federations. "That this committee invite the Olympic Committee of the country wherein the next Olympic Games will be held to call an Assembly or Congress of Representatives of the International Sporting Federations at the time and place of the next Olympic Games. "That the committee serve without compensation or expense to the Inter- national Federations." In all Sports the amateur rule is to be the rule of the Federation governing that sport. Entries must be guaranteed by the organiza- tion holding membership in the Federation and countersigned by the National Olympic Committee. '^^Ii3ia^ ^ m^m ^^^.^ SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 137 Athletic Rules of the International Amateur Athletic Federation TRACK AND FIELD EVENTS RULE I. OFFICIALS, A Commission of five members for Olympic Games. One Referee. Four Inspectors. Six or more Judges. One Chief Field Judge. Three or more Field Judges. Three or more Timekeepers. One or more Judge of Walking. One Clerk of the Course. One Scorer. One Press Steward. One Official Surveyor. One Marshal. One Starter. One Field Doctor. If deemed necessary, assistants may be provided for the Time- keepers, the Judge of Walking, the Clerk of the Course, the Scorer, the Press Steward, and the Marshal, and an Official Announcer may also be appointed. RULE II. THE COMMISSION. The Commission shall consist of five members appointed by the International Amateur Athletic Federation, who shall have jurisdic- tion over all matters not assigned by these rules to the Referee or other game officials, and who shall see that a proper place is pr.j- vided and all courses properly laid out and measured to conform to all the requirements of these rules and all implements and equip- ment necessary for the satisfactory competition of the events are selected. The Commission by its representative shall accept or reject entries and publish all entries with competitors' numbers two rfli. i'AUL \. COSTELLO, J. B. KeLLY, United States. With J. B. Kelly, United States. Winner Single winner Double Sculls champion- Sculls and, with Paul V. Costello, ship. Double Sculls championships. J. Beresford, Jr. Thames Rowing Club. Runner-up in Single Sculls Championship. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 139 days prior to the opening of the games. In the event that the track and field upon which the Olympic Games are held are not available for practice, they shall cause a place to be provided for this purpose. THE REFEREE. ' '"'' The Referee shall decide all questions relating to the actual conduct of the meeting, the final settlement of which are not otherwise covered by these rules. When, in any but the final heat of a race, a claim of foul or interference is made, he shall have the po-wer to disqualify the competitor who was at fault, if he considers the foul intentional or due to culpable carelessness, and shall also have the power to allow the hindered competitor to start in the next round of heats, just as if he had been placed in his trial. When, in a final heat, a claim of foul or interference is made, he shall have the power to disqualify the competitor who was at fault, if he considers the foul intentional or due to culpable carelessness, and he shall also have the power to order a new race between such of the competitors as he thinks entitled to such a privilege. RULE III. THE INSPECTORS. It shall be the duty of an Inspector to stand at such point as the Referee may designate, to watch the competition closely, and in case of a foul or violation of the rules by a competitor or other person, to report to the Referee what he saw of the incident. Such Inspectors are merely assistants O'f the Referee, to whom they shall report, but have no power to make any decisions. RULE IV. JUDGES AT FINISH. There shall be six or more judges at finish, who shall de- cide the order in which the competitors finish in the competi- tion. In case of a disagreement, the majority shall decide. Their decision as to- the order in which the men finish shall be final and without appeal. (It is suggested that each judge endeavor to select two men, thus, first and second, second and third, and so on.) Judges should be placed at least two meters from and in line with the finishing point. ^HH United States .\aval Academy crew, winner eight-oared Olympic championship. J. B. Kelly, Philadelphia, winner single sculls Olympic championship. United States Representatives Who Won on the Water, Sl'ALDIXG'S ATHLETIC LIBKAKY. 141 RULE V. FIELD JUDGES. The Chief Field Judge shall see that all implements and equip- ments are in accordance with these rules and that the field events are conducted expedit.ously. The Field Judges shall measure, judge and record each trial of each competitor in all games, whose record is of distance or height. Their decision as to the performance of each man shall be final and without appeal. In the javelin, hammer and discus competitions, a distinctive flag shall be provided with which to mark the throws of each competitor and a special flag to mark the existing world's record. RULE VL TIMEKEEPERS. Each of the three timekeepers shall time every event. In case two oi their watches agree, and the third disagrees, the time marked by the two shall be official time. If all watches disagree, the time marked by the watch recording the middle time shall be the official time. Time shall be taken from the flash of the pistol. If for any reason only two watches record the time of an event, and they fail to agree, the longest time of the two shall be accepted as the official time. Electric timing may be allowed, but only in addition to individ- ual timing, and no record can be accepted with electric timing only. RULE VII. JUDGE OF WALKING The Judge of Walking shall have sole power to determine the fairness or unfairness of walking, and his rulings thereon shaH be final and without appeal. He shall caution any competitor whenever walking unfairly, the second caution to disqualify, except that he shall immediately disqualify any competitor when walking unfairly during the last 400 meters of a race. He shall control his assistants and assign to them such of his duties as he may deem proper. In case of a caution it shall be signalled to the judge or his assistants. RULE VIII. CLERK OF THE COURSE. The Clerk of the Course shall be provided with the names and the numbers of all entered, and he shall notify them tO' appear at II '> ^ ^S^^: J ^ w do 1—4 cJ ■^ > Q Ooo" SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 143 the starting line before the start in each event in which they are entered. He shall control his assistants and assign to them such duties as he ma}'- deem proper. In all track competitions, competitors shall draw for their respective stations. The competitor with Number 1 shall take the inside station, Number 2 next, and so on. RULE IX. SCORER. The Scorer shall record the order in which each competitor finishes his event, together with the time furnished him by the Timekeeper, and the height or distance furnished him by the Field Judges. He shall keep a tally of the laps made by each competitor in races covering more than one lap, and shall announce by means of a bell, or otherwise, when the leading man enters the last lap. He shall control his assistants and assign to them such duties as he may deem proper. RULE X. PRESS STEWARDS. Press Stewards shall obtain from the Clerk of the Course and Scorer the names of all starters in each event, the names of all point winners, and the times or distances of each winning or record performance, and keep the press thoroughly informed of all doings of the meeting. RULE XL OFFICIAL SURVEYOR, The official surveyor shall survey the track and all courses for che distances which are to be contested and furnish a statement of same to the Commission or Referee before the games. RULE XII. MARSHAL. The Marshal shall have full police charge of the enclosure and shall prevent any but officials and actual competitors from entering or remaining therein. He shall control his assistants and assign to them their duties. RULE XIII. STARTER. The Starter shall have entire control of the competitors at marks, and shall be the sole judge of fact as to whether or not any man has gone over his mark. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 145 At all international meetings, the words of the starter, in his own mother tongue, shall be : "On vour marks," "Ready," Then the report of the pistol after a pause of at least two seconds. All races shall be started by the report of a pistol. All questions concerning the start shall be decided by the starter. When any part of the body of the competitor shall touch the ground in front of his mark before the starting signal is given, It shall be considered a false start. Should the starter have to warn the competitors on any point he shall order the competitors to "Stand up." If in the opinion of the starter an unfair start has been made, he can recall the competitors by a second pistol shot, and penalize the offender or the offenders by disqualification upon the third false start. The Starter must be prepared for a second shot, to provide for an unfair start. RULE XIV. THE COURSE. In all races of a distance up to and including 400 meters, each competitor shall have a separate course (at least 4 feet— 1.25 meters) properly measured. The entire course to be marked with 2-inch chalk lines and stringed and staked, in the straights about every fifteen meters (about 50 feet). Each competitor shall keep in his respective position from start to finish in all races run in lanes. In all races he shall not cross in front of a competitor until he is 2 meters in advance of his nearest competitor. To properly conduct Olympic Games' the track should permit of at least six lanes. RULE XV. ATTENDANTS. No attendant or competitor who is not actually taking part in the race shall accompany any competitor on the mark or in the race, nor shall any competitor be allowed, without the per- mission of the Referee or Judges, to receive assistance or refreshment from anyone during the progress of a race, and in no case can assistance or refreshments be given to- any com- petitor in a race of less than 10 miles. J. Brooks Pahker parrying a straight attack. "On guard" in the duel- ling sword contest. Major Francis Honeycutt. E. G. Fullenweider Hon. Henry Breckenridge. Arthur S. Lyon Annapolis SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 147 RULE XVI. THE COMPETITION. Every competitor shall be supplied with and must wear during competition a distinctive number corresponding to his number on the program. Any competitor wilfully jostling, or running across, or obstruct- ing another competitor so as to impede his progress, or evidently competing to lose, shall forfeit his right to be in the competition, and shall not be awarded any position or prize that he would otherwise have been entitled to. No competitor shall be allowed to rejoin a race after leaving the track, either for the purpose of gaining a place or to pace or assist another competitor. RULE XVIL HEATS. The representatives of each nation shall be placed as often as possible in different heats, and the heats shall be made up by the Commission in case of Olympic Games, or by the committee conducting International games. In races up to and including 400 meters, the first and second in each heat should qualify for the next round, and in longer races at least the first and second should qualify for the next round. At least six competitors shall start in the final round. RULE XVIII. FIELD EVENTS. The representative of each nation shall be placed as often as possible in different groups, to be arranged by the Commission in the case of Olympic Games, or by the committee conducting Inter- national games. Preliminary trials shall be held in all field events, excepting the Running High Jump and the Pole Vault, to reduce the number to six best performances, not necessarily limited to six com.petitors. These competitors shall be allowed in the final round. In the Running High Jump at Olympic Games groups of about twelve competitors shall compete in preliminary rounds and all who clear the bar at 1.83 meters (6 feet) shall qualify for the final round. Similarly, in the Pole Vault, all who clear the bar at 3.66 meters (12 feet) shall qualify for the final round. If necessary, groups of about twelve competitors shall compete in other field events, the final round to begin not earlier than 30 minutes after the last trial of the last group. ^1^^, -*M1 CJ ft J ^' -M ^Mktf CO ^, 1 tSl o V n; r, -2 S «i o ^ 9< fe C CD SPALDINGS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 149 The officials shall have the power to change the place of the competition in any field event if in their opinion the conditio-ns warrant the same. In the event of a competitor being entered in both a field and a track event which take place at one and the same time, the field event officials shall allow him to take his trials not necessarily in his order on the program. WEIGHT EVENTS. In all weight events thrown from the circle, the competitor must stay in the circle until his attempt reaches the ground. In all weight events thrown from the circle, the competitor may touch the inside of the circle. The circle shall be 7 feet (2.135 meters) in diameter for all weight events except Throwing the Discus, which shall be thrown from a circle 8 feet 2^ inches (2.5 meters) in diameter. The circle shall be measured from the inside and shall be flush with the ground outside of the circle. The earth or clay in the circle to be packed hard and firm and 2 centimeters (ji inch) lower than outside of the circle. In the middle of the circumference for shot putting, at the front half of the circle, shall be placed a stop board firmly fastened in the ground. All measurements must be made with a steel tape, graduated in centimeters and in feet and decimals of a foot. RULE XIX. ENTRIES. (a) The various competitions are confined exclusively to amateurs (b) The amateur status of every competitor must be guaran- teed by the association that governs in the country from which the competitor has entered, according to the definition of the International Amateur Athletic Federation and he shall not be permitted to compete in any foreign country unless he holds such guarantee and has permission to compete in any particular events. This guarantee must accompany each entry. Entries must be made in duplicate, properly typed or printed. RULE XX. THE FINISH. The finish line shall be a line on the ground drawn across the track from finish post to finish post and the men shall be placed -M o^ oJ r 5 00 CO O ^!S»?«*S#fT ^ &^. to ^ 5 ¥*t' ^;;^| ,.^ cq ^ .. H O o .,. =8 fe .^^ ^ . >- -^ Tf CQ iH rH O W .. ^ c ^-§ ^ ■ ""Hh E- g^ 2^ CO C/) ^Z Q W ai-^ H ^o 2 c i3 P O CO O tt 2 i2 1^^' .<>f? (N^Q Lis emple Hazelt han; ^ .^ 1 -^;=:^ SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 151 in the order in which any part of their bodies (i.e., "torso," as distinguished from the head, arms, feet or hands) crosses such line. For the purpose of aiding the judges, but not as a finish line, there shall be stretched across the track at the finish, 1.22 meters (4 feet) above the ground, a worsted string which shall not be held by the judges, but fastened to the finish post at either side, so it will always be at right angles to the course and parallel to the ground. No competitor shall be considered to have finished unless his entire body shall have crossed the finish line. RULE XXI. RECORDS. No record shall be accepted unless made outdoor and timed by at least three official Timekeepers and in field events measured witli a steel tape by at least three Field Judges. The Record Committee shall investigate every performance to which their attention is called and shall be empowered, in their discretion, to reject any record which shall not be supported bv the affidavits of at least six officials certifying as to the place, time of day, state of weather condition of path or field, force and direction of wind, level or grade of grounds, weight meas- urement and material of implement, and correctness of an- nounced time or distance. Each member of the Federation shall keep a list of the best records made in its particular country. The world's best records, however, can only be accepted by the Record Committee of tlie International Amateur Athletic Federation. No record claimed for the hammer, discus, shot, javelin or heavy weight shall be allowed unless it has be°n made with an implement which complies with the specifications for official imple- ments adopted by the International Amateur Athletic Federation. ■ ■' In all international competitions and in all record attempts the official implements adopted by the International Amateur Athletic Federation must be used. '"Each member of the Federation must stamp the implements approved of in its country with an agreed stamp which shall be registered with the Federation. ' _ , Records claimed for events made with irhplements other than thp official implements will not be allowed. A record can only be made in a bona fide competition, either scratch or handicap, which has been duly fixed and advertised before the day, and is included in the printed program, together with the names of the entrants for the events. i^^% -i^.2 ... o .2W p s M CO > oj S t) SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 153 RULE XXII. TRACK MEASUREMENT AND THE DIRECTION OF RUNNING. The running track shall be measured 12 inches (30 centi- meters) outward from the inner edge of the track. There must be a border of board, rope, cement, or any other material, ex- cepting that where races are run in lanes, the lanes shall be prop- erly roped, staked and measured. The inner border should not be more than 5 centimeters (2 inches) in height. The direction of the running shall be left hand inside. RULE XXIII. PEGS AND CROSS BARS. In events where pegs and cross-bars are to be used, pegs shall be without notches or indentations of any kind, of uniform thickness throughout, and not more than one-half inch (12.6997 millimeters) in diameter, and must not extend more than three inches (76.1986 millimeters) from the uprights. The cross-bar shall be of wood, triangular in section, each side of which shall measure 1 3-16 inches (30 millimeters), the ends of which must not project more than six inches (152 millimeters) beyond the pegs. RULE XXIV. PROTESTS. Verbal protests may be made at or before the games; but such protest must be subsequently, and before action thereon, made in writing and duly presented and accompanied by a deposit of £1 or its equivalent, which shall be forfeited at the discretion of the Committee. RULE XXV. TIES. In all contests where results are determined by measurements of height or distance, ties for first and other places shall be decidea as follows : If two or more competitors tie at any height in the standing or running high jump, and pole vault, an additional trial at such heights shall be allowed, and if no result, the bar shall be lowered to the previous height cleared and one more trial allowed. The bar shall then be raised or lowered until the tie is decided In case of a tie in any field event for distance, an additional trial shall be given to decide the ties. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBKAKY. 155 In case of a tie in any field event, the subsequent perform- ances only determine the relative position of those v^ho are competing to decide the tie. In case of a dead heat in any track event, the competitors shall not be allowed to divide the prize or points, or to toss for them, but must compete again at a time and place appointed by the Referee. RULE XXVI. ORDER OF COMPETITION IN FIELD EVENTS. In all scratch events the competitors shall take their trials in the order of their names as printed in the program, v^hich order shall be drawn for by the Commission. RULE XXVIL RUNNING HIGH JUMP. (a) The competition shall start at a height of 160 centimeters, and the bar shall be raised as the judge may decide. Three jumps are allowed at each height, and a failure at the third attempt shall disqualify. A competitor may com.mence at any height above the minimum height. He must, however, jump at every following height until, according to (a), he has forfeited his right to compete further. Each competitor shall be credited with the best of' all his jumps. Pegs and cross-bars must conform to Rule XXIII, subject to conditions relating to ties. A fair jump is one where the head of the contestant does not go over the bar before the feet and is not below the buttocks in clearing the bar. Neither diving nor somersaulting over the bar shall be per- mitted. As soon as a competitor makes a spring in order to jump, this shall be counted as a trial jump. A line shall be drawn one meter in front of the bar and parallel therewith, to be known as a balkline, and stepping over such line, in any attempt, shall be counted as a "balk" and two successive "balks" shall be counted as a trial jump. All measurements shall be made perpendicularly from the ground to the upper side of the bar where it is lowest. If two or more competitors tie at a jump, their order shall be decided by re-jumping. -o o A SPALDING'S ATHLKilO LIBRARY. 157 The employment of weights or grips of any kind is forbidden. A competitor may place a mark for his take-off and a handker- chief on the cross-bar for sighting purposes. The uprights shall not be moved during the competition unless the judges consider the take-off has become unsuitable. Such change shall be made only after a round has been completed. The uprights shall be at least 12 feet (3.66 meters) apart. The take-ofif ground about the jump must be level. (For apparatus, refer to Rule LXI in Official Implements and Apparatus.) RULE XXVIII. STANDING HIGH JUMP. The competition shall start with the bar at a height of 120 centimeters. The feet of the competitor may be placed in any position, but shall leave the ground only once in making an attempt to jump. When the feet are lifted from the ground twice, or two springs are made in making the attempt, it shall count as one trial jump without result. A competitor may rock forward and backward, lifting heels and toes alternately from the ground, but he may not lift either foot clear from the ground or slide it along in any direction on the ground. With these exceptions, the rules are similar to those for the Running High Jump. (For apparatus, refer to Rule LXI in Official Implements and Apparatus.) RULE XXIX. RUNNING BROAD JUMP. The length of the run is unlimited. Each competitor shall be allowed three jumps and the six best shall be allowed three more jumps. Each competitor shall be credited with the best C'f all his jumps. If any competitor swerves aside at the taking-ofif line, or the line extended, or touches the ground in front of the take-off joist with any part of his foot, such jump shall not be meas- ured, but it shall be counted against the competitor as one jump. The take-off shall be from a joist simk flush with the ground, the outer edge of which shall be called the scratch line. In front of the scratch line, over a width of 4 inches (10 centi- meters), the grovmd shall he sprinkled with soft earth or sand to make it 6 millimeters (J4 inch) higher than the take-off joist. ,5 '3 .o cjK « 00 •- a -2' 53^ O CD" ^. ;0 O) •« m tc- _ O M t- • - . •rS..fa aMcs fa .^'^S 3 olfa _a □ o 3© 0> 03.'"-3?~SP^-'iLj_. C+-' o "Ol-S CSM' 5iM fa^'t^. .PHTn'<=i i':^ * 1 __ ^ rS S^ O 0) s^'*m'^^(=^ ^-^||g3'SwSg^'wloi«£^^WKSo.i^S c C £ S'^O SPALDING S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 159 The measurement of the jumps shall be made at right angles to the nearest break in the ground made by any part of the body of the competitor. A line shall be drawn 2 meters (6^ feet) in the rear of the scratch line, to be known as the "balk line," and stepping, or fall- ing, over such line, or such line extended, in any attempt, shall be counted as a "balk," and two successive balks shall be counted as a trial jump. The rules for the Running High Jump shall govern, where applicable. (For apparatus, refer to Rule LX in Official Implements and Apparatus.) RULE XXX. STANDING BROAD JUMP. (See rules for the Standing High Jump, as well as, where applicable, for the Running Broad Jump.) RULE XXXL HOP, STEP AND JUMP. The competitor shall first land upon the same foot with which he shall have taken off, the reverse foot shall be used for the second landing, and both feet shall be used for the third landing. In all other respects, the rules for the Running Broad Jump shall govern. (For apparatus, refer to Rule LX in Official Implements and Apparatus.) RULE XXXII. POLE VAULT. (a) The competition shall start at a height of 3 meters, and the bar shall be elevated as the judges shall decide. Each com- petitor shall be allowed three jumps at each height, and the competitor who fails at the third attempt shall be disqualified. A competitor may commence at any height above the minimum height. He must, however, jump at every following height until, according to (a), he has forfeited his right to compete further, except in the Decathlon competitions. Cross-bars and pegs must conform to Rule XXIII. As soon as a competitor has left the ground for the purpose of making a jump, the jump is counted as' a trial. A line shall be drawn five meters in front of the bar and parallel therewith to be known as the balkline, and stepping over 160 iSPALDlNGS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. such a line or such line extended, in any attempt, shall be counted as a balk, and two successive balks shall be counted as a trial jump. Any competitor shall be allowed to dig a hole not more than one foot in diameter at the take-off, in which to plant his pole. A wooden box or stopboard sunk in the ground shall be allowed. A competitor must not, in the moment that he makes a jump, or after leaving the ground, place his lower hand above the upper one or move the upper hand higher up on the pole. If a competitor clears the bar, but in doing so the pole should remove the same, it shall be considered as a failed try. No attend- ant should be allowed to touch the pole unless' it is falling away from the bar or uprights. Competitors may use their own poles. These may have a binding, but must not have any further support for the hands. No competitors shall be allowed to use any of the private poles except with the consent of their owners. If the uprights are moved, they shall not be moved more than two feet in any direction, and not more than one hole may be made. The take-ofif ground about the jump shall be level. The uprights shall be at least 12 feet (3.66 meters) apart. All measurements shall be made perpendicularly from the grO'Und to the upper side of the bar where it is lowest. In the pole vault, if in making a trial the competitor's pole is broken, it shall not count as a trial. Note — If the uprights are moved, the Field Judges should make a remeasurement, because if there is any inequality in the ground at all, changing the uprights may make a difference varying from one inch to a quarter of an inch, and a competitor should not be allowed to obtain an advantage in that way. (For apparatus, refer to Rules LXI and LXII in Official Implements and Apparatus.) RULE XXXIII. THROWING THE DISCUS. The discus shall be thrown from a circle 8 feet 2^ inches (2.5 meters) in diameter. All throws, to be valid, must fall within a 90 degree sector marked on the ground. It shall be a foul throw if the competitor, after he has stepped into the circle and started to make his throw, touches with any part of his body or clothing the ground outside the circle before the discus strikes the ground. It shall also be a foul if the competitor steps on circle. Sf ALDING'S A1?HLETIC LIBRARY. 161 The measurements of each throw shall be made from the nearest mark made by the fall of the discus to the inside of the circumference of the circle crossed by a line from such mark made by the discus to the center of the circle. Each competitor shall have three trial throws, and the best six shall have three more. Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his throws. (For weights, measurements and apparatus, refer to Rules LIV and LVII in Official Implements and Apparatus.) RULE XXXIV. PUTTING THE SHOT. The shot shall be put from the shoulder with one hand only, and it must never be brought behind the shoulder. The put shall be made from a circle 7 feet (2.135 meters) in diameter. In the middle cf the circumference at the front half shall be placed a stop-board four feet long, four inches high, and firmly fastened to the ground. In making his puts, the feet of the competitor may rest against but not o^n top of this board A fair put shall be one in which no part o-f the person of the competitor touches the top of the stop-board, the top of the circle, or the ground outside the circle. The measurement of each put shall be taken at the circle from the nearest mark made by the fall of the shot to the inside of the circumference of the circle crossed by a line from the mark made by the shot to the center o-f the circle. Foul puts and letting go the shot in making an attempt shall be counted as trial puts without result. It shall also be a foul if the competitor s'teps on the circle or leaves the circle before his throw has been marked. Each competitor shall have three trial puts, and the best six shall have three more. Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his puts. The use of a harness for the hand composed of a leather strap around the wrist and small fingers from the wrist across the palm of the hand around each finger shall not be permitted. No device of any kind which can be used as a support in aiding to put the shot shall be allowed. (For weights, measurements and apparatus, refer to Rules LIII and LV in Official Implements and Apparatus.) 162 Si?ALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. RULE XXXV. JAVELIN THROWING. The throwing shall take place from behind a scratch line, properly marked, which shall be a board 2^ inches (7 centimeters) in width and at least 12 feet (3.66 meters) in length, sunk flush with the ground. The javelin must be held at the grip. No throw shall be counted in which the point of the javelin does not strike the ground before any part of the shaft. The throw is measured from the point at which the point of the javelin first strikes the ground to the scratch line or the scratch line produced. Each competitor shall have three trial throws, and the best six shall have three more. Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his throws. The thrower must not place his foot or feet upon the board. In javelin throwing the competitor must not cross the line until his throw has struck the ground. In throwing the javelin, if the javelin breaks while in the air, it shall not count as a trial. Only javelins provided by the Committee in charge of the games can be used. (For weights, measurements and apparatus, refer to Rule LXIII in Official Implements and Apparatus.) RULE XXXVI. THROWING THE HEAVY WEIGHT. All throws shall be made from a circle 7 feet (2.135 meters) in diameter. The competitor may touch the circle and the circle is measured from the inside. In making his throw, the competitor may assume any position he chooses and use both hands. Foul throws and letting go the weight in an attempt shall count as trial throws without result. It shall also be a foul if the competitor steps on the circle, or leaves the circle before the weight has struck the ground. Each competitor shall have three trial throws, and the best six shall have three more. Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his throws. A fair throw shall be one where no part of the body of the competitor touches the ground outside the circle. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 163 The measurement of each throw shall be taken at the circle from the nearest mark made by the fall of any part of the weight or handle to the inside edge of the circumference of the circle crossed by a line from the mark to the center of the circle. (For weights, measurements and apparatus, refer to Rules LI and LV in Official Implements and Apparatus.) RULE XXXVII. THROWING THE HAMMER. All throws shall be made from a circle 7 feet (2.135 meters) in diameter. All throws to be valid throws must fall within a 90 degree sector marked on the gro-und. A fair throw shall be where no part of the body of the competitor touches the ground outside the circle. It shall also be a foul if the competitor steps on the circle or leaves the circle before the hammer has struck the ground. Each competitor shall have three trial throws, and the best six shall have three more. Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his throws. The measurement of the throw shall be from the nearest edge of the first mark made by the head of the hammer to the inside circumference of the circle crossed by line from such mark made by the hammer to the center of circle. Letting go of the hammer in an attempt, or touching the ground outside the circle with any portion c-f the body while the hammer is in hand, are foul throws, which shall not be measured but which shall count as throws. In hammer throwing, if the hammer breaks while in the air, it shall not be considered a throw. (For weights, measurements and apparatus, refer to Rules LII and LVI in Official Implements and Apparatus.) RULE XXXVIII. MEASUREMENTS. In all weight events and broad jumps, that portion O'f the tape showing the feet and decimals must be held by the Official at the take-oflf or at the circle. All measurements must be made with a steel tape. 164 SPALDING'S ATHL13TIC LIBRARY. RULE XXXIX. MARATHON RACE. The Marathon Race shall be run on high roads. The start and finish may be on the athletic grounds. Each competitor must send with his entry a medical cer- tificate, from a physician of standing, certifymg to his fitness to take part in a race of this kind. No competitor, either at the start or during the progress of the race, may take any so-called drugs on pain of immediate disqualification. A competitor must at once retire from the race if ordered to do so by a member of the medical staff, officially appointed. RULE XL. 110-METER HURDLE RACE. On every course there shall be 10 hurdles, each hurdle LG6 meters (3 feet 6 inches) high. The distance from the scratch mark to the first hurdle shall be 13.72 meters (15 yards) ; the remaining hurdles shall be placed 9.14 meters (10 yards) apart, and the distance from the last hurdle to the winning post shall be 14.02 meters (46 feet). The top of each hurdle shall be painted white. A competitor knocking down three or more hurdles or any portion of three or more hurdles in a race shall be disqualified. In making a record it shall be necessary for the competitors to jump over every hurdle in its proper position and no record shall be allowed unless all the hurdles remain standing after the com- petitor clears them. A competitor who trails his leg or foot alongside any hurdle shall be disqualified. Each competitor shall have his own lane of hurdles and shall keep to that lane throughout the race, (For weights, measurements and apparatus, refer to Rule LXIV in Official Implements and Apparatus.) RULE XLI. 400- METER HURDLE RACE. In the 400-meter hurdle race there shall be 10 flights of hurdles, each hurdle to be 3 feet in height. The first hurdle shall be placed 45 meters (49.213 yards) from the scratch mark, the remaining hurdles shall be placed 35 meters (38.277 yards) apart, and the distance from the last hurdle to the winning post shall 'be 40 meters (43.745 yards). SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 165 In all Other respects the rule for 110-meter hurdle shall apply. Each competitor shall have his own lane of hurdles and shal; keep to that lane throughout the race. A cc-mpetitor who trails his leg or foot alongside any hurdle shall be disqualihed. A competitor knocking down three or more hurdles or any portion of three or more hurdles in a race shall be disqualified. In making a record it shall be necessary for the competitor to jump over every hurdle in its proper position and no record shall be allowed unless all the hurdles remain standing after the com- petitor clears them. (For weights, measurements and apparatus, refer to Rule LXIV in Official Implements and Apparatus.) RULE XLII. RELAY RACES. A line shall be drawn 10 meters on each side of the starting line of each relay to be known as the starting zone. Within this zone each runner must pass the baton to the succeeding runner. No member of a relay team in order to relieve his team-mate can run outside of such zone. The baton must be passed (not thrown or dropped) by a com- petitor and picked up by the one succeeding him. Violation of any of these rules by any competitor shall dis- qualify the team. The baton must be carried throughout the entire distance of the race. No man can run two relays on any one team. The positio-ns of the teams must be drawn for. The composition of the team must not be changed after a trial heat has been run. All teams entered in relay races shall be lettered, commencing with the letter A. When relay races up to and including 400 meters are con- tested on a circular path, each competitor must have a separate lane and each lane shall be full distance. (For weights, measurements and apparatus, refer to Rule LXV in Official Implements and Apparatus.) RULE XLIII. TEAM RACE. Track team races may be divided into trial heats and a final race, if necessary. 166 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRAKY. In track team races the maximum number of starters o-n a team and the number of men whose positions are to count shall be stated on the entry blank. The team scoring the least number of points, according to the positions in which the members of the team finish whose positions are to count, shall be the winner. Positions of other members of the team and positions of members of a team which does not finish at least the number whose posi- tions are to count, shall no-t be counted. In case of a tie on points, the team whose individual member finished nearest to first place shall be the winner. The composition of a team must not be changed after a trial lieat has been run and only competitors finishing the full distance are eligible to compete in the final. RULE XLIV. CROSS-COUNTRY RACE. The race shall be run on a bona fide cross-country course of a distance of about 10,000 meters on a course properly marked and surveyed. The start and finish may be within the athletic grounds. The course must be marked preferably with red flags to the left and white flags to the right, which must be observable fro-m a distance of 125 meters. In all other respects the rules governing track competitions shall prevail. RULE XLV. STEEPLECHASE RACE. The hurdles shall be not more than 3 feet (90 centimeters) high, and a water jump shall be included. Each competitor must go over or through the water, and any one who steps to one side or the other of the jump shall be disqualified. There shall be to each lap five jumps including a water jump. The hurdle at the water jump shall be firmly fixed; height, 3 feet (90 centimeters). The water jump shall be 3.66 meters (12 feet) in width and length. The water being 16 centimeters (2 feet, 6 inches) in depth at the hurdle end and sloping to level of field at the further end. The competitor must clear each jump, but may vault each obstacle. RULE XLVI. WALKING. Walking is a succession of steps, from toe to heel, in which contact with the ground is maintained, i. e., the heel of the foremost foot must reach the ground before the toe of the other foot leaves it. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 167 COMBINED COMPETITIONS RULE XLVII. PENTATHLON. The competition comprises the following events : Running Broad Jump, Throwing the Javelin (best hand) with the javelin held in the middle, 200 meters flat race, Throwing the Discus (best hand), and 1,500 meters flat race. The events follow in the above-mentio-ned order. Three trials are allowed in both jumping and throwing. In the 200 meters flat race, groups of three men are formed by lot. If the number of runners is such that after the groups have been arranged one man is over to run alone, one man shall be drawn by lot from among the remaining competitors to- run against him. All compete in the first three events, in each of which the winner shall receive 1 point, the second man 2 points, etc. The total points of the competitors are counted, and^ the twelve best (i.e., those with the lowest number of points) shall qualify to compete in the Discus Throwing, If the count- ing of the points results in a tie for the twelfth place, all such may start in the Discus Throwing. Points are counted according to the result obtained. In the event of a tie, the competitors need not compete again. If thus two or more obtain the same result, these two each receive 1 point, and the next man 3 points, etc. The points of the competitors entitled to compete in the Discus Throwing shall then be counted again with reference to their relative order in each of the first three series, their points being counted as if they alone had competed without reference to the placing of other competitors. The Discus Throwing and 1,500 meters flat shall then be started with the points thus awarded. After the Discus Throwing, the six best compete in the 1,500 meters flat race, to be run in one heat. If more than one tie for the sixth place after the Discus Throwing, all such may compete in the 1,500 meters flat race. In the flat races, the time for each competitor shall be taken with three watches. The winner shall be the one who, on the completion of the 1,500 meters flat race, has obtained the lowest total points in the five competitions. If at the end of the competition one or more of the com- petitors obtain the same number of points, their respective 168 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. positions shall be determined by the valuation of their result according to the Decathlon table, and for 200 meters according to special 200 meter table, RULE XLVIII. DECATHLON. The competition comprises the following events : 100 meters flat, Running Broad Jump, Putting the Weight, Running High Jump, and 400 meters flat, on the first day. Hurdle Race (110 meters). Throwing the Discus (best hand), Pole Vault, Throwing the Javelin, with the javelin held in the middle, and 1,500 meters flat, on the following day. The events follow in the above men- tioned order. Three trials only are allowed in both jumping and throwing. Both in the 100 meters and 400 meters flat races, as well as in the hurdle race, three or four competitors start in each group. On the other hand, in the 1,500 meters race, five or six shall start. However, the Referee shall have the right, in case of necessity, to make alterations. The composition of the gro-ups is decided by lot. The time for each competitor shall be taken with three watches. The winner shall be the one who has obtained the highest number of points in the ten divisions. For a result similar to the best result obtained at the 1912 or previous Olympic Games, 1,000 points will be awarded. Other results are valued in accordance with the Decathlon table.* If a result exceeds the best "Olympic" result, correspondingly higher points will be awarded. RULE XLIX. TUG-OF-WAR. (a) The teams shall consist of equal numbers of com- petitors. The rO'pe shall be of sufficient length to allow for a pull of twelve feet, and for twelve feet slack at each end, together with four feet for each competitor ; it shall be not less than four inches in circumference and shall be without knots or other holdings for the hands. A center tape shall be affixed to the center of the rope, and six feet on each side of the center tape a side tape shall be affixed to the rope. A center line shall be marked on the ground, and six feet on each side of the center line a side line parallel thereto. At the start the rope shall be taut and the center tape shall be over _*he center line and the competitors outside the side lines. During no part of the pull shall the rope be tied or in any way *See "All Around Athletics" (Spalding's Athletic Library No. 109R), price 25 cents, for Decathlon, Pentathlon and All Around tables of points. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 169 crossed by the anchor man, nor shall he wilfully place either hand on the ground. (b) In all Tug-of-War Competitions there shall be one Judge and two Inspectors who shall be responsible for seeing that the rules are properly carried out. The Judge shall start the competition by word of mouth and take charge of the center and the side lines, and give effect to the result of any pull by blowing a whistle. The Inspectors shall take charge of the teams and see that members of such teams do not wilfully touch the ground with any part of the body other than the feet, and report to the Judge any infringement of this rule. It shall be in the discretion of the Judge to disqualify the offending team and award the pull in question to the opposing side, or he may disqualify the offending team from the com- petition. A pull shall be won when one team shall have pulled the side tape of the opposing side over their own side line, or if any portion of the foot of any competitor of the opposing side goes beyond the center line. In the event of both teams leaving go of the rope before either side has pulled the side tape of the opposing side over their own side line, the pull shall be declared no pull and shall not constitute one of the requisite number of pulls. No competitor shall make any hole in the ground with his feet, or in any other way, before the start. In all competitions confined to certain weights two Clerks shall be appointed who shall be responsible to the Judge for the correct weighing of the competitors before the start. All heats shall be won by two pulls out of three. All competitors shall wear boots or shoes of which the sole, heel and sides of heel shall be perfectly flush and not prepared in any way. (c) No gloves or adhesive substance whatever shall be used on the hands or ropes. (d) The competing teams shall be drawn in pairs and all byco disposed of in the first round. Where three teams only compete, the team drawing the bye shall pull off for second prizes if defeated by the winner of the first round. RULE L. OFFICIAL ATHLETIC IMPLEMENTS. In all international competitions and in all record attempts under the sanction of the International Amateur Athletic Fed- eration, the implements used must comply with the specifications for official imolements adopted by the International Amateur Athletic Federation. 17U SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBKAKY. Specifications for Official Implements Adopted by the International Amateur Athletic Federation, May 28, 1921. RULE LI. Throwing the heavy weight. (56 lbs. = 25.401 kilograms.) Specifications of Implement. Head — The head shall be of molded lead or a brass shell filled with lead, and spherical in shape, having imbedded a forged steel eye bolt as a means for attaching the handle. Handle — The handle shall be made of round iron or steel measuring yi inch (12.7 millimeters) in diameter, bent in a triangular form, no side of which shall be more than 7% inches (184.146 millimeters) inside measure- ment. Connection — The handle shall be connected to the head by means of a welded steel link measuring ^ inch (9.525 millimeters) in diameter. Weight — The weight shall be not less than 56 pounds (25.401 kilograms) complete as thrown. Length — The length shall be not more than 16 inches (406.39 millimeters) complete as thrown. RULE LII. THROWING the HAMMER. Specifications of Implement. Head — The head shall be of lead or a brass shell filled with lead or cast gray iron and spherical in shape. Handle — The handle shall be a single unbroken and straight length of spring steel wire not less than y& inch (3.175 millimeters) in diameter, or No. 36 piano wire, .102 inch (2.591 millimeters) in diameter. The handle may be looped at one or both ends as a means of attachment. Grip — The grip may be either of single or double loop construction, but must be rigid and without hinging Joints of any kind. A competitor can submit a single or a double loop different from the official grip, and, if legal, the Committee can allow the use of same. Any competitor may use such hammer. Connections — The handle shall be connected to the head by means of a swivel, which may be either plain or ball bearing. The grip shall be con- nected to the handle by means of a loop. A swivel may not be used. Weight — The weight shall be not less than 16 pounds (7.257 kilograms) complete as thrown. Length — The length shall be not more than 4 feet (1.219 meters) com- plete as thrown. RULE LIU. PUTTING THE SHOT. Specifications of Implement. Construction — The shot shall be of iron or a brass shell filled with lead and spherical in shape. Weight — The shot shall weigh not less than 16 pounds (7.257 kilograms). SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 171 RULE LIV. THROWING THE DISCUS, Specifications of Implement. Construction — The discus shall be composed of a smooth metal rim, perma- nently attached t9 a wood body, brass plates set flush into the sides of the wood body, and> in the exact center of the discus, a means for securing the correct weight. The brass plates shall be circular in form, having a diameter of not less than 2 inches (50.799 millimeters) nor more than 2^ inches (57.149 millimeters). Each side of the discus shall be a counterpart of the other side and shall have no indentations, projecting points, or sharp edges. The sides shall taper in a straight line from the beginning of the curve of the rim to a line a distance of 1 inch (25.399 millimeters) from the center of the discus. Measurements — The largest dimension shall be a circle not less than 85^ inches (219.07 millimeters) in diameter. The thickness through the exact center, on a line perpendicular to the diameter, shall be not less than 1^4 inches (44.449 millimeters). The thickness at 1 inch (25.399 millimeters) from the center shall be exactly the same as at the center. The thickness of the rim at a distance of ^ inch (6 35 millimeters) from the edge shall be not less than J^ inch (12.70 millimeters). The edge shall be rounded on a true circle. Weight — The weight of the discus shall be not less than 4 lbs. 6.4 ozs. (2 kilograms) complete as thrown. A metal discus, complying with the official measurements, conditions and weight, may be used. RULE LV. SEVEN-FOOT CIRCLE. Specifications of Implement. Construction — The circle shall be made of band iron or steel, wood or rope. Measurements — Metal — The circle shall measure not more than 7 feet (2.134 meters) inside diameter. The sides shall be %. inch (6.35 milli- meters) thick by 3 inches (76.199 millimeters) high. Wood — The circle shall measure not more than 7 feet (2.134 meters) inside diameter. The sides shall be 3 inches (76.199 millimeters) thick by 2 inches (50.799 millimeters) high. Rope — The circle shall measure not more than 7 feet (2.134 meters) inside diameter. The rope shall be 1 inch (25.4 millimeters) in diameter. Finish — The circle shall be painted white. The rope may be tarred as a means of preservation. The discus must be thrown from a circle 8 feet 2 inches. RULE LVI. HAMMER THROWING CAGE. Specifications. It is strongly recommended that all hammer throws be from an enclosure or cage to ensure the safety of spectators. A cage of the following dimen- sions is suggested: Cage — The cage should be circular in form, having an inside diameter of not less than 27 feet (8.229 meters). The height should be not less than 7 feet (2.134 meters). There should be an opening, through which the throw is made, of approximately 23 feet (7.010 meters). The cage should be composed of 2^x4^ inches (57.1489x114.297 millimeters) diamond 172 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBKAKY. mesh wire screen of ^^ inch (9.5248 millimeters) wire. The screen should be mounted upon pipe uprights, buried in the ground to a depth of 30 inches (762 millimeters), and spaced not more than 8 feet (2.438 meters) apart. The size of the pipe should be 2^ inches (63.4988 millimeters). It might be desirable, in some instances, to install a demountable cage, having sockets grouted permanently in the ground, into which the pipe uprights might be set when the cage is erected. The sockets could be pro- vided with covers when the uprights are removed. RULE LVII. SECTOR FOR THROWS FROM CIRCLE. Specifications. All specified throws from the circle, to be fair, must fall within a ninety degree sector, which shall be clearly marked on the ground, the radii lines crossing at the center of the circle. The outer ends of the radii lines shall i5e marked with flags. RULE LVIII. SECTOR FLAGS. Specifications. Construction — The sector flag shall be entirely of metal. The flag shall be rectangular in shape and shall measure 4x7 inches (101.598x177.797 millimeters). The standard shall be not less than 5/16 inch (7.93 milli- meters) in diameter and not less than 36 inches (914.382 millimeters) in length. The flag shall be painted red. RULE LIX. TOE BOARD. Specifications of Itnplement. Construction — The board shall be made of wood. Measurements — The board shall measure not less than 4 feet (1.219 meters) long, 4^4 inches (114.297 millimeters) wide, and 4 inches (101.598 millimeters) high. Finish — The board shall be painted white. RULE LX. TAKE-OFF BOARD. Specifications of Implement. Construction — The take-off board shall be made of wood. Measurements — The board shall measure not less than 4 feet (1.219 meters) long. 8 inches (203.196 millimeters) wide, and 4 inches (101.598 millimeters) high. Finish — The board shall be painted white. RULE LXI. JUMP OR VAULTING STANDARDS. Specifications of Implement. Uprights — Any style or kind of uprights or posts may be used. Cross Bar — The cross bar shall be entirely of wood, triangular in section, each side of which shall measure 30 millimeters (1 3-16 inches). The ends ot the cross bar shall project not more than 6 inches (152.397 millimeters) beyond the pegs. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 173 Pees — The pegs supporting the cross bar shall extend horizontally not more than 3 inches (76.1986 millimeters) from the face of the uprights and shall be without notches or indentations of any kind. The pegs shall be round, of a uniform thickness throughout, and not more than J^ inch (12.6997 millimeters) in diameter. The uprights shall be at least 12 feet apart. RULE LXII. VAULTING POLE. Specifications. Construction — The pole shall be either of wood or bamboo and may be of any length or diameter. It shall have no assisting devices except as provided for, but may be wound or wrapped with adhesive tape. The wrap- ping must be of uniform thickness. The lower end of the pole may termi- nate in a single metal spike or a wooden plug. RULE LXIII. i THROWING THE JAVELIN. Specifications of Implement. Construction — The Javelin shall be of wood with a sharp iron or steel point. The Javelin shall be constructed in such way that the space between the foremost point and the center of gravity is not longer than 1.203 yards (110 centimeters), or shorter than 2.953 feet (90 centimeters). Grip — It shall have, about the center of gravity, a grip formed by a bind- ing 6.3 inches (16 centimeters) broad, of whipcord, without thongs or notches in the shaft, and shall have no other holding than the above men- tioned binding, whose circumference at either edge shall not exceed the cir- cumference of the shaft by more than .984 inch (25 millimeters). Measurements — The length shall be not less than 8.5 feet (260 centi- meters) complete as thrown. Weight — The weight shall be not less than 1.6 pounds (800 grammes) complete as thrown. RULE LXIV. HURDLE. Specifications of Implement. Construction — A hurdle shall consist of two wood uprights, or standards, •supporting a rectangular wood frame or gate. The hurdle may be adjust- able in height, but shall be rigidly fastened at the required height for each event. Measurements — The extreme width of the gate shall be not less than 4 feet (1.22 meters) The extreme length of base for the uprights shall be not less than 19.685 inches (500 millimeters). The total weight of the hurdle shall be not less than 15.43 pounds (7 kilograms). Finish — The top bar of the gate shall be painted white. RULE LXV. RELAY BATON WOOD. Specifications of Implement. Construction — The baton shall be a hollow wood tube. Measurements — The length shall be not more than 11.81 inches (300 mil- limeters). Weight — The weight shall be not less than 1.769 ounces (50 grams). The circumference shall be 4.724 inches (120 millimeters). 174 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. Minutes of Congress of International Amateur Athletic Federation Held at the Department of Public Instruction, at Geneva, Switzerland, May 27-28, 1921. (Translated from the official French copy.) President J. S. Edstrom opened the Congress in the presence of Col. Vuilleumier, representing the Military Department of Switzerland, and G. Bonnat, Deputy, representing the District of Geneva. I. Reception for the Delegates by the Swiss Authorities. Col. Vuilleumier in warm terms welcomed the members of the Congress of the International Amateur Athletic Federation, spoke of the work already done and of the work which remained for the International Amateur Athletic Federation to do. The President responded to the address of Col. Vuilleumier. Mr. Bonnat, who is also one of the Sport Directors of Switzer- land, welcomed the Congress in the name of the authorities of the District of Geneva, and stated that the President of Switzerland had been obliged to be absent owing to governmental affairs. The President requested Mr. Reichel to reply to the address of Mr. Bonnat. II. Opening of the Assembly by the President. The President opened the Congress by addressing the Assembly as follows: Gentlemen : Since we met in Antwerp last year comparatively little has occurred within the athletic world. The Hon. Secretary and my- self have had communications with all of you. Congresses of great importance will take place within the next few days at Lausanne. The Council will put before you the proposals as to our standing to the various questions regarding these Congresses. Regarding the relations with the International Olympic Commit- tee, I am glad to notify you that said relations are developing in the most friendly way. Your President has been elected member of said Committee and has ascertained that in future the influence of our Federation on the Olympic Games will be a strong one. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 175 Thus will, for instance, the management of the athletic events of the Olympic Games in the future be entirely in our hands. The agenda for our Congress is extensive, and we must work hard to be able to finish our work by tomorrow. I therefore asK V'ou to be brief and to the point. Gentlemen, I take great pleasure in welcoming you to this Congress and express the hope that our work will be to the benefit and development of amateur athletic sport. The countries represented at the meeting and names of delegates are as follows : United States — Gustavus T. Kirby, Frederick W. Rubien. Denmark — G. Furstnow, W. Nielsen. Great Britain — Harry J. Barclay, Philip J. Baker. Finland — R. Stenberg, Armas Martola. Belgium — F. Wydemans. France — J. Genet, Franz Reichel, Allan Muhr. Holland— P. W. Scharrvo, Italy — M. Longoni. Norway — J. Falchenberg, T. Gulbranssen. Switzerland — Ernst Suter, Marcel Henninger, Fr. Klipstein, Theo. Raymond, Gabriel Bonnat. Sweden — J. S. Edstrom, President; Th. Friman, Isaac Wester- gren, M. Wallenberg, H. Kjellman (represented by M. Tisseau). Egypt — Angelo Bolanachi. Hungar}^ — S. Stankowitz. Austria — M. E. Wengraf. Canada — J. E. Merrick. M. Lafitte, representing Spain, was excused. After the meeting, at the verification of the minutes, it was noted that Mr. J. B. Maccabe, a delegate from the United States, had not been able to attend the Congress because of an accident to the steamer on which he was traveling, which retarded it a week and kept him from arriving on time. IV. Election of Nezv Members of Federation. Poland, Chile, Greece and Japan asked their admission by per- sonal letters to the President. Congress decided to put off their admission to the next Congress. V. Confirmation of Decisions Taken at the Official Congress at Antwerp on August 22, 1920. The Council had proposed the following: The only decision at Antwerp that needed confirmation at this Congress was the elimination of five years of war — 1915, 1916, 176 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 1917, 1918 and 1919— from the history of the Federation. No subscriptions will be paid, and the Congress held this year will take the place of the Congress that should have been held in 1916. In order to make the work of the Federation coincide with the Olympic Games, the Council proposed that the next Congress, which should have been held in 1923, be postponed until 1924. The Council also proposed that the statutes be altered correspond- ingly. The proposition of the Council was unanimously accepted. Financial Statement, International Amateur Athletic Federation. From May 20, 1914, to May 20, 1921. RECEIPTS s. d. 1 8 Balance Affiliation fees, 1913 , Affiliation fees, 1914-1919: Finland, France, Hungary, United States, United Kingdom, Norway, Bel- gium, Holland, Sweden, Egypt 50 Affiliation fees, 1920: United Kingdom, Norway, Belgium, Holland, Sweden, Finland, Egypt, Italy, United States 45 EXPENDITURES £ s. d. Expenses of Congress, 1914 17 14 3 Printing matters 39 14 1 Translations 7 9 5 Postage, telegrams, dupli- cates, stationery, etc. ... 26 19 9 Balance in hands of Hon. Treasurer 90 19 8 Donation of President. 27 15 6 £182 17 2 £182 17 2 Budget. From May 20, 1921, to next Congress of the Federation. £ £ s. d. Balance 90 19 8 Affiliation fees, 1914-1919.. 25 Affiliation fees, 1920 55 Affiliation fees. 1921 110 Affiliation fees, 1922 110 Affiliation fees, 1923 110 Affiliation fees, 1924 110 d. Printing minutes, official handbook, agendas, etc.. .360 Translations 50 Postage, telegrams, station- ery, etc 50 Expenses of Congress, 1921 45 Unforeseen expenses 105 19 8 £610 19 £610 19 8 Stockholm, May 20, 1921. J. SIGFRID EDSTROM, President, HILDING KJELLMAN, Hon. Secy.-Treas. The budget was unanimously adopted. A motion by Mr. Reichel demanding that the eventual deficit,, should it occur, should be paid by the representative nations om the Council, was unanimously adopted. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 177 VIII. Proposed Modifications in the Statutes of the Federation by the Council. (See Minutes of Congress held at Berlin, 1913.) Rule 3, Article 2 — To add, "and to have always been qualified as amateurs." Rule 3, Article 3— To replace "1914" by "1922." Rule 5, Article 2— To replace "1914" by "1922." Rule 5, Article 5 — All rules, records and communications shall be written or printed in two official languages, English and French. In case of difference in interpretation of the texts, the English text will be given preference. Rule 6 — To add to the list of the nations having the right to affiliate themselves to the Federation, Esthonia, Letonia, Livonia, roland, Czecho-Slovakia. Rule 8 — The addition is omitted. Rule 9 — The footnote is omitted. Rule 2 — To add the following remarks : "Dues are payable in advance on the first of January of each year." "Any nation whose dues are not paid on the 30th of June may be suspended from membership in the Federation, if so decided by the Council. No representative will be authorized to take part at the meetings of the Congress of the Council, or of the Com- mittee, if the dues of the nation which he represents remains un- paid by the 31st of December of the preceding year." The motion of the Council was unanimously adopted. IX. Proposed Modifications in the Athletic Rules and Regula- tions. Proposed modifications in the athletic rules and regulations were submitted by the Rules Committee. Mr. Rubien, Chairman of the Committee, moved that the report he considered the next day (May 28) and that the rules be carefully considered, on account of the many important changes proposed. The Congress took Mr. Rubien's advice and adopted his propo- sitions. X. World's Athletic Records. Acting on the motion made by Mr. Rubien, Chairman of the Records Committee, the Congress decided to defer this matter until May 28. 178 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. XI. Proposed Modifications in the Amateur Statutes. Congress adopted the proposition of the Council. The amateur statutes drawn up by the Special Committee at Berlin in August, 1913, have held good smce. These statutes are rigid, but the Council considering it necessary to maintain very rigid rules for amateur sport, proposed that Congress adopt anew this statute without alteration. If proof be given that one of the national federations has not observed the amateur statutes, the International Federation will make, after inquiry, the necessary remonstrance to the faulty federation. Mr. Merrick asked that the national federations be invited to apply in their own countries the amateur statutes of the Inter- national Federation as soon as possible. The President proposed that this question be put off for examination the same evening and submitted anew to the Congress the next day (May 28), with the advice of the Council. The Congress adopted the proposition of the President. XII. Invitation to send Delegates to a Congress of the Union Cycliste Internationale. The Council received an invitation from the Union Cycliste Internationale to send two delegates to a Congress to be held at Lausanne May 31 and June 1, 1921. Twenty of the leading sport federations were invited to send delegates. The object of the Congress was to form a Union of International Sport Fed- erations. Article 3 of the proposed statutes states the object of said Union to be: "Provide mutual assistance lor the various international federations or unions' affiliated; to create bands of lasting friendship between them, thereby increasing the influence of each affiliated body; lastly, to consider the question of pro- moting great international events, in particular world's champion- ships in each sport, and the taking part in Olympic games." The Council was in doubt whether such an organization was needed. The Union would include a number of sports which are excluded from the Olympic Games, such as automobile sport and aeronautic sport, and also includes purely professional sports, such as the International Boxing Union. The Council finds it very difficult to keep these extreme interests together. The Coun- cil iJiought it desirable, however, that the Federation be repre- sented at the Congress and appointed its President and Hon. Secretary as delegates. It asked the Congress to confirm this decision and election. After a long discussion, in which the President, Messrs. Mer- rick, Reichel, Friman, Barclay, Rubien, Longoni, Genet, Suter and Stankowitz took part, Congress decided on the motion of the SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 179 President to put off this question for investigation by a special committee composed of the President and Messrs. Genet, Mer- rick and Friman. This commission to report to the Congress on the next day (May 28). XIII. Invitation to the Olympic Congress (of Lausanne) , June 2 to 7, 1921. The International Olympic Committee invited the Federation to send two delegates to the Olympic Congress at Lausanne, to be held June 2-7, 1921. At this Congress several alterations of the Olympic programme were proposed, especially with the view ot shortening the programme. Thus it was proposed to do entirely away with shootmg, yachting, lawn tennis, football and the optional sports. Regarding the athletic programme it was proposed to us to lessen our programme by eliminating walking and tug- of-war. The Olympic Committee asked us to send two delegates. At the unofficial Congress held at Antwerp we decided to ask for five delegates. In consideration of the important part of athletics in the Olympic programme, the President of the Olympic Com- mittee, Baron de Coubertin, was inclined to sillow us five dele- gates, but as most of the other federations also claimed five, and as this would again demand numerous alterations of other details in the Olympic Congress, our President, after having conferred with the leading officials of the Swimming, Cycling and Amateur Boxing Federations, decided to accept only two delegates. The Council supported the President's action. The Congress is invited to settle that the Federation takes part in the Olympic Congress and send two delegates there. Our President asked the Council not to name him, because, as a member of the International Olympic Committee, he already has a seat at the Congress, iiie Council, therefore, proposed two names to be selected on the following day. Mr. Merrick moved to accept the invitation and await appointment of delegates before discussion of question. As has been previously pointed out, the Olympic Committee proposes the omission of the competitions in Walking and Tug- of-War to be reported upon by the Rules Committee. Other proposals by the Rules Committee embrace a standard daily programme for Olympic Games. Also special rules regard- ing the selection of heats in the running events and other co - petitions and the number of entries and starters. In order to be carefully provided for the next Olympic Games the Council proposed that a special commission be appointed to take charge of the athletic part of the Olympic Games, and which shall put before the Council proposals regarding the international jury, the field, referees, etc. The committee will be composed of members 180 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. of the Council of the International Federation and the games will be conducted by this Committee, designating officials, etc. See Rules 1 and 2. Events are open to men only. Proposals for the Olympic Games. Mr. Rubien read the programme that the Rules Committee had drawn up. A motion of Mr. Merrick, that the number of participants in the Marathon Race be brought back to four, like the other indi- vidual competitions, was defeated by 7 to 5. A discussion arose about Walking. The President explained that the International Olympic Committee wished to see it struck from the programme. The Rules Committee proposed to strike off 3,000 meters and keep the 10,000 meters walk. Mr. Longoni, seconded by Mr. Furstnow, accepted the report of the Rules Committee, but demanded the addition of the Marathon Walk. The propositions of the Committee were finally adopted. Mr. Reichel proposed the elimination of the 5o-pound weight. The vote was a tie, 6 to 6, and President Edstrom cast the decid- ing vote to please the International Olympic Committee, who wished to shorten the programme. The Congress decided to drop the 56-pound weight event from the Olympic programme. The Commission was divided on the subject of whether to keep or do away with the Tug-of-War, and asked the Congress to decide. Mr. Reichel, seconded by Mr. Kirby, proposed to drop it, and the Congress agreed. Apart from these exceptions, the proposed program was ac- cepted, Mr. Merrick proposed to adopt without discussion the daily programme proposed by the Committee, bearing in mind the elim- ination of two events. The Congress adopted this motion. Mr. Rubien, as Chairman of the Rules Committee, read and explained each of the Athletic Rules, corrections and amendments embodied in the rules as herein printed. President Edstrom called for a vote on each rule. The international situation is somewhat different from that of last year. Austria has been admitted as a member of the League of Nations. Hungary and Turkey probably will be admitted at the September meeting of the League. The German athletes have in no way tried to push themselves forward. They are patiently waiting for the time to come when they will be able to meet the athletes of the world. Under these circumstances the Council did not think it necesary that any special steps should be taken against the athletes of the Central Powers. This also because some of the Allied Powers, such as Czecho-Slovakia, SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 181 Jugo-Slavia and Italy even wish to compete with the Central Powers. Also the neutrals wish to do so. The Council proposed, therefore, to pass over the question with- out any discussion. The Congress adopted the Council's proposition, France's repre- sentatives abstaining from voting. XVI. Propositions submitted to the Congress by the Council. (a) An application blank for admission as member of the Federation, presented by Mr. Reichel, was adopted by the Con- gress. It will also have to be signed by the present members of the Federation. An application blank for record presented by Mr. Reichel, was adopted. A proposition of the Council asking that a list of officials (starters, timers, judges, etc.) for international and Olympic Games be established and adopted. The Council proposes that the expenses of athletes traveling to attend international games never be paid to them directly, but always through the Pederations. This proposition was adopted. The following proposition was adopted : The I.A.A.F. very positively asked that its members take all necessary measures to expel temporarily or for life those managers or athletes who by any machinations aim at violating the sporting regulations and especially at circumventing the rules adopted for the dennition of an amateur. (b) Sweden, through Mr. Friman, withdrew her proposition. (c) Biy Spain. Reduction of rates in hotels and on railroads. (d) By Spain. A universal medal. Senor Lafite of Spain proposed that the Federation should take measures to serve the interest of international sport by try- ing to obtain for the athletes reduced fares on railroads and in hotels all over the world. This proposition is very important. The National Federations have tried to obtain these advantages, but only with discouraging results. If united efforts are made it is possible that they will be more successful. Because of the financial and political uncertainty of the present hour, the Coun- cil suggested that the time is not favorable to such a demand and proposed to postpone the question until the next Congress. Concerning the second proposition of the Spanish member of the Federation (institution of a universal medal), the Council proposed to the Congress to reject this motion. For these two propositions, the Congress adopted the motion of the Council. 182 SPALDING'S ATHLEI'IC LIBRARY. XVII. Election of the Council. Mr. Merrick proposed that the Council should present, to be elected at the sitting of May 28, the name of a member of the Council to replace a resigned member. This proposition was adopted. XVIII. Election of Special Commissions. The Congress decided to ask the Council to present proposi- tions for these Commissions. The programme of the day not being completed, the meeting adjourned until May 28, at 10 A. M., in the same place. May 28, 1921. Adjourned meeting. The President, after having opened the meeting, proposed the discussion of the articles left pending the day before. Article 12 — Invitation to a general congress of the sport federa- tion of the world by the International Cycle Union. The following report of the Commission entrusted with the study of this question, read by Mr. Genet, Chairman of the Committee, was adopted and its conclusions given as instructions to the delegates of the Federation of the Congress mentioned. Preparatory to presenting the invitation of the U.F.I. S. to the General Conference of the I.A.A.F., the Council of the Federation carefully examined the proposal and objects of the U.F.I. S. and could not see what additional advantage to ama- teur sport could be obtained through the plan outlined. It is already conceded that the Olympic Games programme fur- nishes an opportunity at certain definite periods to decide the world's athletic championships. Under the fostering influence of the Olympic Games move- ment international sports governing bodies have been organized and enlarged. In most cases they have practically covered the whole world in their membership in particular sports. They have also devised machinery to determine their international con- tests and have already established their applications considering the reasons set forth above. The Congress decides' that the I.A.A.F. could only become a member of an association composed solely of amateur federa- tions, but out of courtesy to the promoters designated their Pres- ident and Mr. Rubien to attend the conference. The proposition of the Council to send as delegates to this Congress Mr. Edstrom and Rubien (with Mr. Kirby as substi- tute) was adopted. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 183 Article 13 — Resuming the decision taken at the Congress the pre- vious day, the Council proposed to send as delegates to the Olympic Congress for: (1) A demand for the elimination of rifle shooting and yacht- ing. (2) A demand for the admission of Rugby football among the Olympic sports. (3) A demand for the elimination of all other optional sports. The Swiss Federation submitted a resolution concerning the attributions and composition of the International Olympic Com- mittee. The President declined the discussion of this resolution, which is outside the attributions of the Congress. Article 19 — Mr. F. W. Rubien presented the report of the Rules Committee, over which he presides, concerning the amend- ments proposed. A resolution of the Dutch Federation tending to amend the jumping rules in certain imperfect conditions was rejected. The report of the Rules Committee was adopted without change. Mr. Franz Reichel presented a plan for the classification of the "Decathlon," which was handed to the Rules Committee to be examined and submitted to the next Congress. The Congress decided that the regulations adopted at the pres- ent Congress concerning athletic rules, become effective on Jan- uary 1, 1922. Article 10 — Records. The Commission proposed, and the Congress decided, that the decimal tenth be the only fraction of a sec- ond accepted for records. The list of world's records (new and old) proposed by the Commission, was adopted with the exception of walking rec- ords, and those of the Achilles' Club team on two miles relay, which were sent back to the committee with power for further decision. Article 11 — Mr. Merrick submitted the following proposition: "The nations are invited to accept the amateur regulations of the Federation and to consider them as theirs. This definition can be discussed and such restrictions as thought to be necessary by the National Federations can be considered." This proposition, after being examined, was sustained by the Council and adopted by the Congress. 184 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. The Congress, discussing the motion presented by Mr. Reichel, by which the Amateur Federations could alone control and rep- resent the professional athletic sports, suggested that : "There is no reason for the Amateur Federations to concern themselves with professional sports, that it is even desirable that none of these organizations should have anything to do with the so-called professional sports ; and, therefore, decides : That all rings, grounds and organizations of the Amateur Federations will be forbidden to professional contests." Article 17 — Election of the Council. Mr. Merrick, seconded by Mr. Rubien, proposed that : (1) The Council be elected to hold office until after the date of the next Olympic Games. (2) That Mr. Tisseau be elected Assistant Secretary of the Federation, (3) That thanks be voted to Mr. Tisseau for accepting, upon the spur of the moment, the position of Secretary of the Con- gress. Those propositions were adopted. The Council proposed that the Congress meet immediately be- fore and immediately after the next Olympic Games. Adopted. Mr. Reichel (France) proposed that Mr. J. S. Edstrom be re-elected as President, and Mr. H. Kjellman as Secretary. This proposition, seconded by Mr. Barclay and Mr, Rubien, was adopted unanimously. Mr. Merrick proposed, seconded by Mr. Friman, that the four retiring members of the Council be re-elected. Adopted. The President read a letter of Mr. Max Kahn, who resigned and asked to be replaced by a delegate from Belgium. The Pres- ident explained the reasons why the Council prefers to an Italian or Belgian representative, the delegate from Canada, Mr. Mer- rick, because of his high technical knowledge. The proposition of the Council was adopted and Mr. Merrick was elected. The Council is therefore composed of : Mr. J. S, Edstrom, President, Mr. H, Kjellman, Secretary. Mr. L. Tisseau, Assistant Secretary. Mr. F. Reichel, France. Mr. H. G. Barclay, Great Britain. Mr. F. W. Rubien, United States. Mr. S. Stankowits, Hungary. Mr. J. Merrick, Canada. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 185 Article 18 — Election of Special Commissions. The Council proposed for election as members of the Com- mittee on Rules: Mr, F. W. Rubien, Chairman. Mr. H. J. Barclay. Mr. L. Englund (replaced by Mr. Th. Friman). Mr. J. Genet. Mr. M. Longoni. Mr. R. Stenberg. This proposition, seconded by Mr. Merrick, was adopted. Article 19— The Council proposed that the next Congress be held a few days before and a few days after the next Olympic Games, in the city where these will take place. Adopted. Article 20— The Council proposed that the verification of reports be com- mitted to Messrs. J. Genet, E. Suter, G. Furstnow. Adopted. Article 21— The President read a letter from Mr. Gignoux, President of the State Council of Geneva, who regretted his inability to attend the Congress. The Congress expressed its gratitude to the Swiss Government and to the municipality of Geneva for the cordial reception re- ceived and the interest they took in it. Also to the Board of Public Instruction and Messrs. Mussard and Penay, who were indefatigable in their efforts to render every aid possible in the organization of the Congress; to the Swiss Federation and Messrs. Raymond and Charpie, for the valuable help they ren- dered; to Mr. Allan H. Muhr, interpreter, whose practical knowl- edge, ability and good will were of great assistance to the Com- mittee on Rules and Regulations, who have accomplished suc- cessfully an enormous task in the standardization of the athletic rules. Mr. Barclay expressed m heartfelt words the gratitude of the Congress to the President for the masterly manner in which he conducted the discussions and for his impartiality and helpful- ness under all circumstances while presiding over the Congress. The order of the day being over, and no further business being presented, the President closed the meeting and the Con- gress. Approved by: Leo Tisseau, Secretary. J. S. Edstrom, G. Furstnow. J. Genet, E. Suter. Geneva, May 29, 1921. 186 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. Events for Which World's Records Will Be Allowed ADOPTED 1921 The Rules Committee, acting as a committee on World's Records, recommend that World's Records at the following distances and events be recognized, viz. : RUNNING. 100 yards. 220 yards. 300 yards. 440 yards. 600 yards. 880 yards. 1,000 yards. 1,320 yards. 10 miles, and every up to 25 miles. 1 hour, and 2 hours 1 mile. 2 miles. 3 miles. 4 miles. 5 miles. 6 miles. 7 miles. 8 miles. 9 miles. 5 miles 100 meters. 200 meters. 300 meters. 40O meters. 500 meters. 800 meters. 1,000 meters. 1,500 meters. 2,000 meters. 3,000 meters. 4,000 meters. 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 meters, meters, meters, meters, meters, meters, meters, meters, meters, meters, meters, meters. 1 mile. 2 miles, miles, miles, miles, miles, miles. 1 hour. WALKING. 8 miles. 1,000 meters. 9 miles. 10 miles. 15 miles. 20 miles. 25 miles. 2,000 meters. 3,000 meters. 4,000 meters. 5,000 meters. 6,000 meters. 7,000 meters. and 2 hours. HURDLES. Ten hurdles each. 120 yards, 3 feet 6 inches high. 110 meters, 3 220 yards, 2 feet 6 inches high. 440 yards, 3 feet high. 200 meters, 2 400 meters, 3 8,000 meters. 9,000 meters. 10,000 meters. 15,000 meters. 20,000 meters. 25,000 meters. feet 6 inches high, feet 6 inches high, feet high. JUMPING. Standing high jump, without weights. Running high jump, without weights. One standing broad jump, without weights. Running broad jump. Running hop, step and jump. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 187 Pole vault for height. VAULTING. THROWING THE HAMMER Sixteen-pound hammer (length 4 feet; 7-foot circle). PUTTING THE SHOT. Sixteen-pound shot, best hand (7-foot circle) . Sixteen-pound shot, both hands (7-foot circle). THROWING THE WEIGHTS. Fifty-six-pound weight for distance (7-foot circle). JAVELIN. Throwing the javelin (best hand) . Throwing the javelin (both hands) . DISCUS. Throwing the discus (8 feet 2^ inches [2.5 meters] circle). Throwing the discus (both hands) . DECATHLON. RELAY. Four men to run equal distances. 440 yards 400 meters 880 yards 800 meters 1,760 yards 1,600 meters 2 miles 3,200 meters 4 miles 6,000 meters. The Record Committee requested an opinion of the Council as to whether records made by Altimanti in a one hour walking contest, held in Milan. Italy. Tuly 29, 1913, can be allowed in view of the fact that the contest took place before organization of the I.A.A.F. and under different rules than those adopted by the I. A. A. F. The Council rules that these contests cannot be recognized as world's records, but shall be considered as noteworthy performances. The Rules Committee, acting as a Committee on World's Records report that they agree upon the following list as the world's records of the International Amateur Athletic Federation. 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C: C^ Ci C^ a Oi a c^ 3 3 3 3333333333'3 ^-b^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^_2_2_2 ooooooooco 333fl33CC i.§.§.s.a.a.g.s.a.a,a.a.e.a ■*-'-^^-*^-t^-*-j-i-^+^-(-i '-2 '-J2 '-^ '-*ii '-2 *-2 ^^^^^^^^^^ ^ ^ :^ ^ COCCtBCOOQtO .COi/2 ^ (N CO !£5 t-' ^' =^' Ci' d 00 rtn" (N CO J> add a a a a a a a a a a a H g^(Mo^i:DOiooi^aicooo aaaaaaaaaasasa ooo OOOi_j;_jt_ptr>c::>OOOCOO o_to^o^o^o^q^q_o o o o o o o oooooooooo ooooooocoo th (m co^r^'irf cp't>roo"oro"'-r(>fco" l!(,x. W \KKKN G. Harding, President of the United States. Col. Robert M. Thompson, President American Olympic Association. 1, William C. Prout, First Vice-President; 2, Dr. Graeme M. Hammond, Second Vice-President; 3, John T. McGovern, Third Vice-President; 4, Julius H. Barnes, Treasurer; 5, Frederick W. Rubien, Secretary; 6, H. Obertubbesing, Auditor. Officers of American Olympic Association SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. The American Olympic Association Organized November 25, 1921 President Col. Robert M. Thompson First Vice-President William C. Prout Second Vice-President Dr. Graeme M. Hammond Third Vice-President lOH.N T. McGoVERN Secretary Frederick W. Rubien 290 Broadway, New York City Treasurer Auditor Julius H. Barnes H. Obertubbesing i 1, Col. A. G. Mills, Chairman; 2, Murray Hulbert; 3, Capt. Joseph B. Maccabe; 4, Seward A. Simons; 5, Dr. Reginald H. Sayre, Executive Committee American Olympic Association SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 201 Executive Committee Col. A. G. Mills, Chairman Murray Hulbert Gen. F. H. Phillips, Jr. Capt. Joseph B. Maccabe William C. Prout John T. McGovern Dr. Reginald H. Sayre Seward A. Simons Committee on Olympic Games GuSTAVus T. KiRBY, Chairman Mrs. E. Fullard-Leo Dr. Joseph E. Raycroft Dr. George L. Meylan Frederick W. Rubien John J. F. Mulcahy Jacob W. Stumpf Col. Palmer E. Pierce Capt. Herman Thomas ' Finance Com,mittee Julius H. Barnes, Chairman, i Dr. Graeme M. Hammond Ralph L. Spotts ( William C. Prout Col. Robert M. Thompson i Legislation Committee < J. T. Mahoney, Chairman Major Frank H. Briggs Terence Farley Thomas W. Cahill Stoney McLinn { Committee on Credentials Karl T. Frederick John J. F. Mulcahy \ Capt. Joseph B. Maccabe James E. Snyder 202 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. The American Olympic Association The American Olympic Association was organized at a meeting —held at the New York Athletic Club, November 25, 1921— of the representatives of practically all of the governing bodies of amateur sport in the United States having jurisdiction over the contests on the Olympic programme. The new organization suc- ceeds the former American Olympic Committee and places the machinery of Olympic selection and representation upon a broader and more permanent basis than was heretofore possible. As stated in its constitution, the objects of the American Olympic Associa- tion "shall be to create and maintain a permanent organization rep- resentative of amateur sport and of organizations devoted thereto^^ in the United States for the purpose of assuring continued interest in the Olympic Games and more particularly to constitute season- ably in advance of each Olympiad an American Olympic Commit tee, which shall have jurisdiction of all matters pertaining to th( participation of the United States therein." This American Olympic Association, which is a continuing body,: will meet two years before the holding of each Olympiad and ap- point an Olympic Committee, which shall take charge of all matters pertaining to representation of the United States in the succeeding! Olympic Games. This committee will make its report before No- vember 1 of the year in which the Olympiad is held, and will then dissolve. The constitution and by-laws of the American Olympic Association are printed at the end of this section of the book. The membership comprising the American Olympic Association, at the time of its organization, is given herewith. Additional or- ganizations or individuals be elected to membership by a two-thirds vote of the Association. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 203 MEMBERS The membership of the American Olympic Association, at the time of its organization, was as follows : The American representatives on International Olympic Com- mittee. United States Army. United States Navy. Intercollegiate Amateur Athletic Association of America. Amateur Athletic Union of the United States. Amateur Fencers' League of America. Amateur Trapshooting Association. International Skating Union of America. National Association of Amateur Oarsmen. National Cycling Association. National Rifle Association. United States Football Association. United States Golf Association. United States Lawn Tennis Association. United States Revolver Association. United States Hockey Association. Jewish Welfare Board of the United States. Knights of Columbus of the United States. Nine regional delegates appointed by the President of the U. S. Intercollegiate Rowing Association. Intercollegiate Fencing Association. Intercollegiate Rugby Association. Intercollegiate Lawn Tennis Association. Intercollegiate Wrestling Association. Intercollegiate Swimming Association. Intercollegiate Boxing Association. New England Intercollegiate Athletic Association. Intercollegiate Conference Athletic Association. Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association. 204 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. Missouri Valley Conference. Rocky Mountain Conference. Southwest Athletic Conference. Pacific Northwest Intercollegiate Athletic Association. Pacific Coast Athletic Conference. Ohio Conference. Southern California Intercollegiate Conference. Middle Atlantic States Intercollegiate Conference. Catholic Young Men's National Union of the United States. Playground and Recreation Association of America. Boy Scouts of America. Intercollegiate Soccer Football League. Intercollegiate Gymnastic Association. American Gymnastic Union. Information concerning Olympic matters can be obtained by ad- dressing the Secretary of the American Olympic Association, Mr F. W. Rubien, 290 Broadway, New York City. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 205 The American Olympic Association CONSTITUTION Article I — Name. The name of this Association shall be THE AMERICAN OLYMPIC ASSOCIATION. Article II— Objects. Its objects shall be to create and maintain a permanent organization repre- sentative of amateur sports and . of organizations devoted thereto in the United States for the purpose of assuring continued interest in the Olympic Games and more particularly to constitute seasonably in advance of each Olympiad an American Olympic Committee which shall have jurisdiction of all matters pertaining to the participation of the United States therein. Article III — Membership. The membership of this Association shall be: The American representatives on the International Olympic Committee, with 3 votes. United States Army, with 3 votes. United States Navy, with 3 votes. Intercollegiate A. A. A. A., with 3 votes. The Amateur Athletic Union of the United States, with 3 votes for each sport on the Olympic programme that is under its jurisdiction in the United States, and one additional vote for each of its District Sub-divisions that are active members of its organization. Amateur Fencers League ef America, with 3 votes. American Trap Shooting Association, with 3 votes. International Skating Union of America, with 3 votes. National Association of Amateur Oarsmen, with 3 votes. National Cycling Association, with 3 votes. National Rifle Association, with 3 votes. United States Football Association, with 3 votes. United States Golf Association, with 3 votes. United States Lawn Tennis Association, with 3 votes. United States Revolver Association, with 3 votes. United States Hockey Association, with 3 votes. Jewish Welfare Board, with 3 votes. Knights of Columbus of the United States, with 2 votes. Nine Regional Delegates appointed by the President of the 'United States, with 1 vote each. 206 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. Intercollegiate Rowing Association, with 1 vote. Intercollegiate Fencing Association, with 1 vote. Intercollegiate Rugby Association, with 1 vote. Intercollegiate Lawn Tennis Association, with 1 vote. Intercollegiate Wrestling Association, with 1 vote. Intercollegiate Swimming Association, with 1 vote. Intercollegiate Boxing Association, with 1 vote. New England Intercollegiate Athletic Association, with 1 vote. Intercollegiate Conference Athletic Association, with 1 vote. Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association, with 1 vote. Missouri Valley Conference, with 1 vote. Rocky Mountain Conference, with 1 vote. Southwest Athletic Conference, with 1 vote. Pacific Northwest Intercollegiate Athletic Association, with 1 vote. Pacific Coast Athletic Conference, with 1 vote. Ohio Conference, with 1 vote. vSouthern California Intercollegiate Conference, with 1 vote. Middle Atlantic States Intercollegiate Conference, with 1 vote. Catholic Young Men's National Union of the United States, with 2 votes. Playground and Recreation Association of America, with 2 votes. Boy Scouts of America, with 2 votes. Intercollegiate Soccer Football League, with 1 vote. Intercollegiate Gymnastic Association, with 1 vote. American Gymnastic Union, with 1 vote, and such other organizations or individuals as may from time to time be elected by a two-thirds vote of this Association, provided that Associations whose activities are wholly in amateur sports may be allotted not exceeding 3 votes, and to those whose activities are only partly amateur sports 1 vote, and that individuals may be allotted 1 vote. Article IV — Representation of Members. Each member of this Association shall be entitled to representation at any Quadrennial or Special Meeting thereof by a number of delegates equal to the number of votes allotted to such member by Article III hereof, and any less number of delegates present may cast the full number of votes to which such member is thus entitled, but any member not represented by at least one delegate shall not be entitled to a vote at such meeting, nor shall proxies to delegates from other members be allovved. If at any meeting of the Association two or more delegates representing a member should fail to agree upon a question pending before the meeting, the total vote to which such member may be entitled under the provisions of this Constitution shall be counted in ratio to such difference. Article V — Meetings of the Association. SECTft)N 1. It shall be the duty of the members of the Association to hold a Quadrennial Meeting at the call of the President and Secretary of I SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 207 this Association on thirty (30) days' written notice thereof, or upon the failure of such President and Secretary to make such call, then upon the call of a majority of the members of this Association, and in such call to specify the time and place of such meeting, in the month of November in the second year preceding each Olympiad. Sec. 2. Special Meetings may be called by the President and Secretary of the Association on twenty (20) days' written notice to each member and must be called when asked for by members having in the aggregate a number of votes equal to a majority of the total vote of the Association Membership, ■^m^m ^^ fa ^- OFFlCfAL ^ ?r every age and every sport Stoddinp \/ * c» '• /% ''^s /\ °^^W" ^'^'' ^*-, .. *. ,■4- 5^ ^ r.«^ ,0' ^o 40^ \/ - ' v^' •^*. mm.